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Allibone's Dictionary of Anthors, 
 
 INDISPENSABLY NECESSARY TO 
 
 ALL WHO READ, ALL WHO WRITE, 
 
 ALL CLERGYMEN, ALL PHYSICIANS, ALL LAWYERS, 
 
 Scientific and Literary Men, Merchants and Farmers, 
 Manufacturers and Mechanics. 
 
 IT IS -A. laiOTJSESIOLID 
 
 The importance of this great work to every one will be understood by referring to the highly 
 
 commendatory letters of the following 
 
 REPRESENTATIVE LITERARY MEN. 
 
 PAGE PAGS 
 
 Bancroft, Hon. George, the Historian s 
 
 Bryant, Wm. C * 
 
 Bethune, Geo. W., D.D., of the Dutch Reformed 
 
 Church, Brooklyn 10 
 
 Beecher, Rev. Henry Ward, of Plymouth Church, 
 
 Brooklyn 10 
 
 Barnard, Dr. Henry, the eminent writer on Educa 
 tion, and Editor of Barnard's American Journal of Education, &c... 12 
 
 Channing, Walter, M.D e 
 
 Cheever, George B., D.D., Pastor of the Church of 
 
 the Puritans, New York 11 
 
 Cogswell, Dr. Jos. G., Librarian of the Astor Library 13 
 Cleveland, Prof. Charles D., Author of Compendium 
 
 of English Literature, &c 13 
 
 Dunglison, Robley, M.D., LL.D., for more than twen 
 ty years Professor of the Institutes of Medicine, &c. in the Jeffer 
 son Medical College, Philadelphia, Author of Dunglison's Dictionary 8 
 
 Dana, Richard Henry, the Poet 11 
 
 Durbin, John P., D.D., of the Methodist Episcopal 
 
 Church, Author of Travels in Europe, the East, Ac 12 
 
 Everett, Hon. Edward, late President of Harvard 
 
 University, &o < 3 
 
 Felton, Prof. C. C., of Harvard University 7 
 
 Francis, John W., M.D., LL.D., President of the 
 
 New York Medical Society, &c 8 
 
 Gilpin, Hon. Henry D., late Attorney-General of the 
 
 United States 11 
 
 Goodrich, Channcey A., D.D., Prof, of the Pastoral 
 
 Charge, Yale College, Editor of Webster's Quarto Dictionary, &c 11 
 
 Hedge, Frederic H., D.D., Professor of Ecclesiastical 
 
 History, Harvard University, Editor of the Christian Examiner 5 
 
 Holmes, Oliver Wendell, M.D., Parkman Professor of 
 
 Anatomy and Physiology, Harvard University, Author of the Autocrat 
 of the Breakfast-Table, Ac ,.. 5 
 
 Hillard, George S., in the Boston Courier, Jan. 13, 
 
 1859, and Littell's Living Age, Feb. 5, 1859 6 
 
 Hodge, Dr. Charles, Professor of Biblical Literature, 
 
 Ac. Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Princeton, N. J 7 
 
 Hawks, Francis L., LL.D., D.D., Ac 10 
 
 Halleck, Fitz-Greene, the Poet 12 
 
 Hall, Judge James, of Cincinnati, Author of Legends 
 
 of the West, Ac 13 
 
 Irving, Washington 4 
 
 King, Charles, LL.D., President of Columbia Col 
 lege, New York , 7 
 
 Kennedy, Hon. John P., late Secretary of the Navy, 
 
 Author of Horse-Shoe Robinson, Ac 8 
 
 Kenrick, Rt. Rev. Francis Patrick, Archbishop of 
 
 Baltimore 10 
 
 Longfellow, Henry W., the Poet. 3 
 
 Lieher, Dr. Francis, Editor of the Encyclopaedia 
 
 Americana, &c 5 
 
 Lossing, Benson J., Author of Pictorial Field-Book 
 
 of the Revolution, &c 13 
 
 Maury, Lieut. M. F., LL.D., Director of the U. S. 
 
 National Observatory, Author of Geography of the Sea, Ac 8 
 
 Mackenzie, R. Shelton, D.C.L., Editor of Noctes 
 
 Ambros iauae 11 
 
 Napier, Lord a 
 
 Prescott, W. H., the Historian 3 
 
 Peabody, Rev. A. P., D.D., Editor of the North 
 
 American Review 
 
 Prime, S. Irenseus, D.D., Editor New York Observer.. 10 
 Parsons, Theophilus, LL.D., Prof, of Law in Harvard 
 
 University 11 
 
 Robinson, Edward, D.D., President Union Theologi 
 cal Seminary, Author of Biblical Researches in Palestine, Ac 11 
 
 Sparks, Jared, LL.D., late President of Harvard 
 
 University 4 
 
 Simms, W. Gilmore, of South Carolina, Author of 
 
 Yemassee; Guy Rivers; The Partisan, Ac 
 
 Sprague, Dr. W. B., Author of the Annals of the 
 
 American Pulpit : t 10 
 
 Strickland, Dr. W. P., of the Methodist Episcopal 
 
 Church U 
 
 Ticknor, George, Author of the History of Spanish 
 
 Literature 4 
 
 Tuckerman, Henry T., the Essayist 7 
 
 Thompson, John R., Editor of the Southern Literary 
 
 Messenger 8 
 
 Thompson, Jos. P., D.D., of the Broadway Tabernacle 12 
 Taney, Hon. Roger B., Chief Justice of the Supreme 
 
 Court of the United States 13 
 
 Verplanck, Gulian C., LL.D., Regent of the Univer 
 sity of the State of N. York, Editor of the Illustrated Shakspeare, Ac. 12 
 
 Whipple, E. P., the Reviewer e 
 
 Walker, James, LL.D., President of Harvard Uni 
 versity 7 
 
 Woolsey, Theodore D., D.D., LL.D., President of Yale 
 
 College 7 
 
 Winthrop, Hon. Robert C., of Boston 9 
 
 Wayland, Francis, D.D., late President of Brown 
 
 University, Author of Wayland's Moral Science, &c 9 
 
 Willis, N. P 10 
 
 Whittier, John G., the Poet ia 
 
 Volume I., super-royal octavo, 1005 pages, elegantly printed on fine paper. PRICE, $5.00 in muslin bind 
 ing ; $6.00 in fine sheep binding, or $7.50 in library style, half turkey morocco antique. 
 Forwarded to any portion of the United States, free of expense, on the receipt of the above prices. 
 
 Address> CHILDS & PETERSON, 
 
 602 Arch Street, Philadelphia. 
 
 , \. 
 
ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS. 
 
 A Critical Dictionary of English Literature, and British and Ameri 
 can Authors, living and deceased: from the Earliest Accounts 
 to the Middle of the Nineteenth Century. Containing Thirty 
 Thousand Biographies and Literary Notices : with Forty Indexes 
 of Subjects. " The chief glory of every people arises from its 
 Authors" By S. AUSTIN ALLIBONE : 1859, imp. 8vo. Childs and 
 Peterson, Philadelphia. Trilbner & Co., London. PRICE $5.00. 
 
 The first volume of this work is just published in Philadelphia and London. It contains the 
 letters from A to J, both inclusive, 1005 pages, imperial double column, minion and nonpareil 
 type, about 200 lines on each page on an average, the volume containing upwards of two millions 
 of words. In bulk of typographical matter it is equal to thirteen volumes (470 pages each) of 
 Putnam's edition of Irving's Works, or about fourteen volumes of Prescott's, Bancroft's, or 
 Hallam's Histories, 8vo. The number of Authors whose works are noticed in the first volume 
 is above 17,100; making in the forty indexes (at end of vol. ii.) about 24,100 names, viz: 
 
 Authors. 
 
 1. Agriculture 320 
 
 2. Antiquities: Archaeology, Mythology, and Nu 
 
 mismatics 510 
 
 3. Architecture ;.. . 306 
 
 4. Astronomy and Astrology 203 
 
 5. Bibliography: Bookbinding, Catalogues, and 
 
 Printing 120 
 
 6. Biography and Correspondence 1170 
 
 7. Botany : Arboriculture, Flowers, Fruit, Horticul 
 
 ture, Vegetables 257 
 
 8. Chemistry 191 
 
 9. Divinity 5668 
 
 10. Domestic Economy 55 
 
 11. Dramatic Literature 527 
 
 12. Education 472 
 
 13. Essayists: Encyclopaedias, Periodical Litera 
 
 ture 617 
 
 14. Fiction: Facetiae, Novels, Romances, Tales 620 
 
 15. Games and Sports 130 
 
 16. Geography: Atlases and Charts 159 
 
 17. Geology, Mineralogy 89 
 
 18. Heraldry and Genealogy 140 
 
 19. History, Chronicles, Chronology 1114 
 
 20. Juvenile Works : Tales, Ac 145 
 
 21. Law, Jurisprudence 1272 
 
 22. Literary History 227 
 
 Authors 
 
 23. Mathematics : Arithmetic, Geometry, Trigono 
 
 metry, <fcc 353 
 
 24. Mechanics, Engineering, Railways 141 
 
 25. Medical Sciences 1714 
 
 26. Moral and Mental Philosophy 487 
 
 27. Morals 309 
 
 28. Music 180 
 
 29. Natural History 305 
 
 30. Natural Philosophy 346 
 
 31. Naval and Military 510 
 
 32. Painting and Sculpture 256 
 
 33. Philology 511 
 
 34. Poetry and Poetical Criticism 1838 
 
 35. Politics : Government, Legislation, Documents 
 
 and Reports 850 
 
 36. Political Economy : general subject and special 
 
 topics 527 
 
 37. Topography 270 
 
 38. Trade and Commerce 280 
 
 39. Travels 892 
 
 40. Voyages 235 
 
 Total number of names in the forty indexes 
 
 from A to J inclusive, Vol. 1 24,116 
 
 " KtoZ " " 2, about 26,000 
 
 Total number of names in the Indexes of the 
 
 two volumes, about 50,116 
 
 As each of the forty indexes runs through the alphabet from A to Z, this department of the 
 work will probably consist of nearly one thousand divisions, enrolling about 50,000 names. It will 
 be interesting to see at a glance the number of authors of names of common occurrence in the 
 body of the work in vol. i., A to J. 
 
 Brown and Browne 175 
 
 Clark and Clarke 153 
 
 Green and Greene 83 
 
 Davies 68 
 
 Davis 48 
 
 Ellis 47 
 
 . 42 
 
 Gibson. 
 
 Grant 47 
 
 flail 92 
 
 Hamilton 86 
 
 Harris 52 
 
 Harrison. 52 
 
 Hill .-. 67 
 
 Holmes 24 
 
 Howard 53 
 
 Irving 17 
 
 Jackson 81 
 
 James 48 
 
 Johnson...., 110 
 
 Johnston 35 
 
 Johnstone 17 
 
 Jones .X^t 189 
 
 Authors in 21 names 1586 
 
 The number of works recorded, and in very many cases criticized, both favourably and unfavour 
 ably, would perhaps in the whole work amount to between one and two hundred thousand; 
 but this is a mere surmise, as they have never been numbered. 
 
 The best, because the briefest, description which can be given of the Critical Dictionary, is that 
 
 IT IS INTENDED TO BE TO THE LITERATURE OF THE LANGUAGE WHAT A DICTIONARY OF WORDS IS TO 
 THE LANGUAGE ITSELF. 
 
 The second volume, which will complete the work, is now more than one-half stereotyped. 
 
TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS. 
 
 From Wm. H. Preecott, Esq., the Historian. 
 
 Boston, Aug.li, 1855. 
 
 Gentlemen : I should sooner have replied to your note 
 requesting my opinion of Allibone's Dictionary of Litera 
 ture. I have rarely seen so large an amount of matter 
 condensed into so small a compass. The work is con 
 ducted on what to me is an entirely novel principle, and 
 presents the reader not simply with the opinions of the 
 author, but with those of the best critics on every writer 
 whose character he discusses. This is opening the best 
 sources of information, while the original contributions of 
 the editor, which connect the extracts together, are of a 
 piquant kind that gives vivacity to the discussion. 
 
 The index of subjects will form a sort of catalogue rai- 
 sonnee, that cannot fail to make the book as useful in a 
 bibliographical as in a biographical view. If the rest of the 
 work is as ably executed as that embraced under the first 
 three letters of the alphabet, all I have seen, it cannot 
 fail to be an important contribution to English Literature. 
 I remain, gentlemen, your ob't servant, 
 
 W. H. PRESCOTT. 
 
 Childs & Peterson. 
 
 Boston, Dec, 27, 1858. 
 
 My dear Sir : I am truly obliged to you for so welcome 
 a present as the first volume of your great work. I have 
 read the whole of it with the same care which I bestowed 
 on the earlier portion ; and I may truly say that I find no 
 occasion to modify the opinions I have before expressed 
 in regard to the book. I find everywhere occasion to 
 commend the excellence of the plan and the conscientious 
 and able manner in which it has been carried into execu 
 tion. Indeed, the work may be said to combine in itself a 
 whole library of criticism; and the reader, who sees the 
 scattered rays of opinion concentrated into one focus, 
 carries with him what may be regarded as an expression 
 of the public sentiment on the topic under review. 
 
 With my best wishes for the successful completion of 
 your difficult task, 
 
 I remain, dear sir, very sincerely yours, 
 
 W. H. PRESCOTT. 
 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
 From Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, the Poet. 
 
 Cambridge, Dec. 28, 1858. 
 
 My dear Sir : I have had the honour of receiving your 
 very valuable Christmas present, in the first volume of your 
 " Dictionary of Authors," and hasten to offer you my 
 warmest thanks for your kindness, and my heartiest con 
 gratulations on the completion of so much of your great 
 undertaking. 
 
 Of course, as yet, I have but plunged into it here and 
 there, and almost at random; but I have always found my 
 man and his works, and a great deal of information, which 
 I could find nowhere else, unless by plodding over the 
 same tangled and weary road that you have just been 
 over. 
 
 We all owe you a great deal of gratitude, how great 
 none of us can yet say. It will take a long while to find 
 out all that is in this volume; but a glance through its 
 pages suffices to show the extraordinary zeal and labour 
 of the author. 
 
 That his work may be crowned with complete success 
 is the cordial wish of, 
 
 My dear sir, yours very truly, 
 
 HENRY W. LONGFELLOW. 
 
 S. Austin Allilone, Esq. 
 
 From the Hon. Edward Everett, late President of Harvard Uni 
 versity, &c. 
 
 Boston, Sept. 20, 1855. 
 
 Gentlemen : I have received the volume you were good 
 enough to send me, containing the first three letters of Mr. 
 Allibone's " Critical Dictionary of English Literature, and 
 British and American Authors, Living and Deceased." The 
 plan of the work is extremely comprehensive, and requires 
 laborious research in the collection of the materials, and 
 great care and discrimination in putting them together. 
 As far as I have been able to examine the specimen con 
 tained in the volume sent me, Mr. Allibone is performing 
 his task with great fidelity and success. In giving, in the 
 words of the authors, the judgments which he cites from 
 approved sources, he has made a great improvement over 
 former biographical dictionaries, which are, for the most 
 part, unacknowledged compilations. Mr. Allibone's work 
 appears to be, to a very unusual degree, the result of ori 
 ginal investigation, and, if completed as begun, will, I am 
 confident, be found a most useful work of reference, and 
 an important addition to the literary apparatus of our 
 language. I am, gentlemen, respectfully yours, 
 
 EDWARD EVERETT. 
 
 Childs & Peterson. 
 
 Boston, Dec. 27, 1858. 
 
 My dear Sir: On my return from the country on Satur 
 day, I found on my table the first volume of your great 
 work, with your letter accompanying it. I have not, of 
 course, had time to do more than cast a hasty glance over 
 the volume; but, as you express a wish to know that it has 
 come to hand, I hasten to let you know that I have re 
 ceived it, and that the little examination I have been able 
 to make of it has confirmed the opinion which I formed 
 of its merits on a more careful inspection of the first 
 three letters. 
 
 I congratulate you on having made such progress in 
 your vast undertaking, and tender you my best wishes for 
 the successful completion of the work. 
 
 I remain, dear sir, with great regard, very truly yours, 
 
 EDWARD EVERETT. 
 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
 From Hon. George Bancroft, the Historian. 
 
 New York, Nov. 17, 1855. 
 
 Gentlemen : The examination of articles under the letter 
 A, in Mr. Allibone's Critical Dictionary of British and Ame 
 rican Authors, has led me to form a high estimate of the 
 comprehensiveness and the utility of his design, as well as 
 of the fearless and indefatigable industry, the candour, and 
 the general ability with which he is executing it. His 
 work bids fair to take a very high rank in its own peculiar 
 department. His plan has moreover a special attraction, 
 for it not only presents appropriate information respecting 
 each author, but also a general picture of the impression 
 which he may have made on the public and on his critics. 
 I wish the deserved success to this great undertaking, and 
 Remain, very respectfully yours, 
 
 GEORGE BANCROFT, 
 
 Childs & Peterson. 
 
 New York, Dec. 24, 1858. 
 
 My dear Mr. Allibone: Last evening your volume reached 
 me safely; and I have already turned over enough of its 
 leaves to be sure that it is filled full of information, heaped 
 up and running over. I have no doubt I shall find all the 
 auguries accomplished. Accept the best thanks of 
 
 Yours very truly, GEORGE BANCROFT. 
 
TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS. 
 
 From Washington Irving, Esq. 
 
 Sunnyside, Aug. 23, 1855. 
 
 Gentlemen: Accept my thanks for the specimen you 
 have sent me of Mr. Allibone's Critical Dictionary of Eng 
 lish Literature. The undertaking does honour to that gen 
 tleman's enterprise; and the manner in which, from the 
 specimen before me, (464 pages,) he appears to execute it, 
 does honour to his intelligence, perspicuity, wide and 
 accurate research, impartiality, and good taste. When 
 completed, the work cannot fail to be a valuable library 
 companion and family book of reference. The beautiful 
 manner in which the work is got up is highly creditable 
 to American typography. 
 
 Very respectfully, gentlemen, 
 
 Your obliged and ob't servant, 
 
 WASHINGTON IRVING. 
 Childs & Peterson. 
 
 Sunnyside, Jan. 12, 1859. 
 
 My dear Sir: I have to thank you for a copy of the first 
 volume of your Dictionary of Authors, which you have 
 had the kindness to send me. It fully comes up to the 
 high anticipations I had formed from the specimen sub 
 mitted to my inspection in 1855. 
 
 Thus far you have fulfilled admirably the stupendous 
 task undertaken by you ; and your work, when completed, 
 will remain a monument of unsparing industry, indefati 
 gable research, sound and impartial judgment, and critical 
 acumen. 
 
 It merits, and cannot fail to have, a wide circulation, 
 and to find a place in every library. 
 
 With great regard, yours, very truly, 
 
 WASHINGTON IRVING. 
 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
 From Jared Sparks, LL.D., late President of Harvard University. 
 
 Cambridge, Sept. 1, 1855. 
 
 Gentlemen: I have examined, with great satisfaction, 
 the part of Mr. Allibone's Dictionary of English Literature 
 which has already been published, (464 pages.) The plan 
 appears to me an exceedingly good one, comprising, as it 
 does, a notice of all the English and American authors 
 down to the present time, with biographical incidents, an 
 enumeration of their several publications, and frequent 
 critical remarks. 
 
 An undertaking so comprehensive in its design requires 
 vast diligence and research. As far as the author has pro 
 ceeded, he seems to have executed his task with ability, 
 good judgment, and success. When completed, the work 
 cannot fail to be of great utility to all readers who would 
 acquire a knowledge of books, and a most valuable acces 
 sion to every library. 
 
 I am, gentlemen, very respectfully yours, 
 
 JARED SPARKS. 
 
 Child* & Peterson. 
 
 Cambridge, Jan. 3, 1859. 
 
 Dear Sir : I have received your letter, and also the first 
 volume of your Dictionary of English Literature, for 
 which I beg you will accept my thanks. It is a work of 
 prodigious labour, requiring vast research, and great judg 
 ment and skill in the execution ; and, from the examina 
 tion which I have been able to bestow upon it, I am per 
 suaded that it will in all respects justify the high anticipa 
 tions of the public. 
 
 With best wishes for your entire success in this import 
 ant and arduous enterprise, 
 
 I am, dear sir, respectfully and truly yours, 
 
 JARED SPARKS, 
 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
 From George Ticknor, Esq., Author of the History of Spanish 
 Literature. 
 
 Boston, January 8, 1859. 
 
 Gentlemen: Ever since the Bibliotheca of Watt was 
 published, between 1819 and 1824, 1 have been in the habit 
 of using it; and, notwithstanding the omissions and errors 
 always to be expected in such publications, I have found 
 it to be an excellent work, ampler and more satisfactory 
 than Lowndes, or any other in the language. On receiving 
 the first volume of Allibone's Dictionary, I, therefore, na 
 turally compared it with the corresponding portion of 
 Watt's Bibliotheca, and noted the following differences. 
 (1.) Allibone leaves out the foreign and ancient authors, 
 who are so imperfectly given in Watt that their articles 
 are of no real virtue, and usurp a space much wanted for 
 more important matter. (2.) He inserts, sometimes in ar 
 ticles that are abridged, and sometimes in articles that are 
 enlarged, all the British authors given by Watt and 
 Lowndes, and adds a great many more, I should think 
 several thousand more. (3.) He inserts, as nearly, I sup 
 pose, as he could ascertain them, the whole body of Ameri 
 can authors, of whom, I think, there are not two hundred 
 either in Watt or in Lowndes. (4.) He inserts biographical 
 notices of a multitude of the more important authors, some 
 of them long and interesting, with abundant references to 
 the sources where their lives can be found at length, while 
 Watt, at best, gives little more than the dates of their births 
 and deaths. (5.) He inserts, generally in their own words, 
 the judgment pronounced by critics of recognised authority 
 on a great number of authors and their works, and adds 
 copious references to other opinions and discussions con 
 cerning them; of all which there is hardly a Jtrace in Watt, 
 and nothing of any consequence. (6.) He proposes to in 
 sert at the end of his Dictionary fifty thousand titles of 
 books in the English Language, arranged under forty dif 
 ferent heads, each in alphabetical order, so as to give a 
 condensed view by subjects of whatever is of any value in 
 British and American Letters and Science, which Watt has 
 partly done, but in a less satisfactory manner, because with 
 less ample materials, and with a subdivision, for many 
 purposes, too minute. 
 
 The practical result of the whole seems therefore to be, 
 that Mr. Allibone is now giving us, in a condensed form, at 
 once an Encyclopedia and an Index of what is valuable 
 and interesting in the Lives, Characters, and Bibliography 
 of British and American Authors, better and more manage 
 able than any similar work that we now possess, and of 
 permanent importance to anybody scholar or not who 
 wishes to read books profitably and intelligently in hia 
 native tongue. 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 GEO. TICKNOR, 
 Child* & Peterson. 
 
 From Win. C. Bryant, Esq. 
 
 New York, Aug. 29, 1855. 
 
 Gentlemen: The specimen of Mr. Allibone's Critical 
 Dictionary of Authors which you sent me has given me a 
 high idea of the industry, exactness, and various reading 
 of the author. I think it promises to be one of the most 
 valuable works of reference which have been produced in 
 the present century. The plan appears to me excellent, 
 though difficult; but the difficulty has been happily over 
 come by the author's extraordinary research. 
 Truly yours, 
 
 W, C. BRYANT, 
 Child* & Peterson. 
 
TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS. 
 
 New York, February 1, 1859. 
 
 Dear Sir: The high opinion I formed of your work on 
 looking over some of the first sheets, I have found no 
 cause to modify, except as it has risen in my esteem. I 
 regard it as one of the best books of reference ever com 
 piled, and have no fear that the public will fail properly 
 to acknowledge its merit. 
 
 I am, sir, very truly yours, 
 
 W. C. BEYANT. 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
 From Rev. A. P. Peabody, D.D., Editor of the North American 
 Review. 
 
 Portsmouth, N.H., Jan. 11, 1859. 
 
 My dear Sir: The work more than fulfils my best ex 
 pectations. For thoroughness, impartiality, skilful selec 
 tion of opinions and authorities, and the adjustment of 
 the length and minuteness of articles to the relative import 
 ance of their subjects, I cannot conceive of a better work 
 of the kind. Indeed, there exists no work with which it 
 can be compared. Every literary man has felt the need 
 of such a dictionary; and when yours is completed, and 
 on our tables, it will be hard for us to see how we could 
 ever have dispensed with it. To the student of literary 
 history it is especially valuable; for under each name it 
 gives him, first, the essential facts as to the writer's time, 
 environments, and productions; secondly, the means of 
 judging whether he is worth further investigation; and, 
 thirdly, such references as will enable him to follow out 
 the detailed history and merits of an author deserving ex 
 tended research. Hoping that the reception and sale of 
 the work may correspond with its merits, and sincerely 
 thanking you for the courtesy and kindness of what would 
 have been an advance-copy had it not slept a fortnight in 
 the hands of my publishers, 
 
 I am, as ever, most sincerely yours, 
 
 A. P. PEABODY. 
 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
 From Frederic Henry Hedge, D.D., Prof, of Ecclesiastical History, 
 Harvard University, Editor of the Christian Examiner. 
 
 Brookline, Jan. 18, 1859. 
 
 Dear Sir: I hasten to thank you for the welcome gift 
 of the first volume of your "Dictionary of Authors," and 
 am glad of this opportunity to express my high sense of 
 the value and extraordinary merit orHhis publication. The 
 resolute diligence and conscientious care displayed in it 
 fill me with amazement. I conceive the design of such a 
 work to be one of the most arduous of literary enterprises, 
 and the execution seems to me to correspond with the mag 
 nitude of the undertaking. 
 
 In minuteness and completeness I should say that your 
 "Critical Dictionary of English Literature" had no rival. 
 I know of no work of the kind in any language so com 
 prehensive in its plan and so complete in its details, none 
 which can compare with it as a bibliographical hand-book 
 of national literature. 
 
 The article on Junius may be cited as an instance of the 
 generous fidelity which characterizes the execution of this 
 great project. 
 
 I observe with special satisfaction that amid the vast 
 multitude of modern writers you have found space for the 
 great names of the Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman pe 
 riods of British Authorship, and am pleased to see abridged 
 from Wright such articles as those on Bede, on Alcuin, 
 and on Anselm. 
 
 Wishing you equal success with the remaining portion 
 of your work, 
 
 I am, dear sir, respectfully yours, 
 
 FKEDEEIC H. HEDGE, 
 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
 From Dr. Lieber, editor of the Encyclopaedia Americana, &c. 
 
 South Carolina College, \ 
 
 Columbia, S.C., Sept. 5, 1855. / 
 
 Gentlemen : In judging of this work, it is necessary to 
 keep in mind that the resolute title, "A Critical Dictionary 
 of English Literature," ushers in a work which the author 
 and publishers found themselves obliged to restrict to one 
 volume, containing, nevertheless, " thirty thousand biogra 
 phies and literary notices." Having myself edited an 
 encyclopaedia, I am better able to give an opinion upon 
 some points than I should have been otherwise; anc 
 an examination of many of the larger articles under 
 the letters A, B, and C has convinced me that the author 
 has brought to his task what may be called the encyclopae 
 dic virtues in a high degree, a painstaking love of detail 
 and conscientious accuracy, and an unvarying desire of 
 collecting; a self-forgetting disposition to give what others 
 have done, and a certain taste and tact, which, in many 
 cases, alone can draw the proper line of admission and 
 omission. I make no doubt that this work will be a wel 
 come aid to all that use and handle books, scholars, gene 
 ral readers, and booksellers. Your ob't servant, 
 
 FRANCIS LIEBER. 
 
 Childs & Peterson. 
 
 From Oliver Wendell Holmes, M.D., Parkman Professor of Anatomy 
 
 and Physiology, Harvard University, author of the Autocrat of 
 
 the Breakfast-Table, Ac. 
 
 Boston, Feb. 7, 1859. ; 
 
 My dear Sir: The first volume of Allibone has been 
 lying on my table for some weeks, and I have opened it 
 often enough to get some idea of its great value as a work 
 for consultation. 
 
 More than one living writer has made the remark that 
 he has found a more complete account of himself and his 
 works in its pages than he himself could have given. 
 
 I have looked out the names of many medical authors, 
 some of them little known, and have assured myself that 
 in this, as doubtless in other special departments, there is 
 a great collection of information not to be found in any 
 other work with which I am acquainted, nor probably in 
 any existing. 
 
 While the general scholar, therefore, will keep the book 
 at the side of his Dictionary of the English Language, the 
 professional man may place it next to his Cruden, or his 
 Cooper, or his Blackstone, with the certainty that he will 
 find in it a rich storehouse of knowledge with reference to 
 the writers and the works that more especially belong to 
 his chosen province of learning. 
 
 I am, my dear sir, yours very truly, 
 
 Geo. W. Childs, Esq. 0. W. HOLMES, 
 
 From E. P. Whipple, Esq., the Reviewer. 
 
 Boston, Jan. 28, 1859. 
 
 Gentlemen: I thank you for Mr. Allibone's "Dictionary 
 of Authors." As a labour-saving work of reference, in 
 whose accuracy men of every profession and occupation 
 can confidently rely, it is impossible to over-estimate its 
 value, or the industry, research, and intelligence expended 
 in its preparation. Apart from its importance as a work 
 of reference, it is full of interest for the information it con 
 tains regarding the lives of eminent authors, and for the 
 condensed view it presents of the various critical estimates 
 of their genius and influence. 
 
 The wonder is, that any man should have been found 
 with the requisite combination of industry, talent, know 
 ledge, and taste for the subject, to undertake so vast a la 
 bour; but, being done, the book becomes a necessity to all 
 persons interested in books. 
 
 Very respectfully yours, 
 
 Childs & Peterson. E. P. WHIPPLE. 
 
6 
 
 TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS. 
 
 GEOEGE S. HILLAED, ESQ., 
 
 In the Boston Courier, Jan. 13, 1859, and Littell's Living Age, 
 Feb. 5, 1859. 
 
 This is a truly wonderful work, wonderful for the pro 
 digious industry with which it has been prepared, the wide 
 field from which its materials have been drawn, and the i 
 immense mass of matter which is presented in a condensed i 
 and compact form for edification and delectation. It is a 
 book especially addressed to those who love books, who 
 possess them, or mean to possess them, and whose eyes 
 are recreated, and whose hearts are exhilarated, by the 
 sight of portly quartos, goodly octavos, shapely duodeci 
 mos, clad in a comely vesture of morocco, Russia, or calf, 
 with gilding tastefully interspersed. The advent of such 
 a manual of reference is a red-letter day in the life of an 
 enthusiastic bibliomaniac; and the delight and gratitude 
 with which he must receive it will only be alloyed by a 
 feeling of regret that it had not come earlier in life, and 
 of sadness at the thought of the unhappy years he had 
 wasted without it. The first impulse of his heart will be 
 to illuminate his house, to send for a band of music, to 
 invite his friends to dinner, to open the most cherished 
 bin in his cellar, and to drink the health of ALLIBONE 
 with all the honours. Dear, garrulous, gossiping Dr. 
 Dibdin, why are you not alive to welcome this capital ac 
 cession to the shelves of bibliography, and to lavish upon 
 it all your adjectives of laudation? 
 
 But our readers, naturally enough, may wish to know 
 what the book is that awakens in us a strain of jubilant 
 enthusiasm so unlike our usual critical impassiveness. We 
 will tell them what it is. It is the first volume of a dic 
 tionary which contains, or is to contain, the name of every 
 man, living and dead, who has written one or more books, 
 and gained any sort of a place in literature, in England or 
 America. Here they are all to be found, from Alcuin, Bede, 
 and Alfred, who have been dust for a thousand years, 
 down to Mr. Butler, the author of " Nothing to Wear," and 
 Mr. Aldrich, the author of "Babie Bell." Here are the 
 stars of the first, second, and third magnitudes, each in 
 its own sphere, and each shining with its own peculiar 
 glory; and here, too, are the farthing candles and the 
 rush -lights that have fluttered and sputtered for a brief 
 season and thrown their light over a minute space. For 
 instance, five solid columns are given to the life and 
 writings of Joseph Addison; but Joseph Addison, like all 
 the rest of mankind, had a father; and his name was Lan 
 celot, and he was a clergyman, a respectable old gentle 
 man, we doubt not, in wig and small-clothes, and not averse 
 to port wine; and this said Lancelot was also a blotter of 
 paper, and in twelve lines Mr. Allibone tells us who he was 
 and what he did. And here they stand, son and father, 
 side by side, the cedar of Lebanon and the hyssop on the 
 wall. 
 
 Let it not for a moment be supposed that this dictionary 
 is merely a catalogue of the names of authors and of their 
 books, simply an enlargement and expansion of Watt's 
 Bibliotheca Britannica: it is something more and better 
 than this. Brief biographical notices are given of all 
 writers of any note and consideration, living or dead ; and 
 a very copious array of critical notices and literary judg 
 ments is appended to such names as have been conspicuous 
 enough to call them forth. These critical notices have 
 been culled from a great variety of sources, and do much 
 honour to Mr. Allibone's industry, showing, as they do, an 
 immense range of reading. #**### 
 
 But the fact that this dictionary contains so many bio 
 graphical sketches and literary notices makes it something 
 more than a mere book of reference. It is a pleasant book 
 
 to take up and turn over the leaves of in the unoccupied 
 moments of life, the bits and fragments of the day that 
 are too short for any continuous reading. By searching, 
 the diligent reader may find many entertaining anecdotes, 
 many curious facts, many brilliant observations upon 
 the lives and writings of men of genius, hidden away in 
 the general mass of names, dates, and titles, like veins of 
 gold in beds of quartz. Under the head of Lord Byron, 
 for instance, we come upon two interesting original com 
 munications, one from Mr. Everett and one from Mr. 
 Ticknor, giving their recollections of the noble poet's ap 
 pearance, manners, and conversation. ***** 
 
 For the benefit of such of our readers as like well-defined 
 facts and strict accuracy of statement, we take occasion to 
 say that the volume before us contains the letters from A 
 to J inclusive, and the type is minion and nonpareil, that 
 the page is printed in double columns, and that the num 
 ber of words is upwards of two million. In bulk of typo 
 graphical matter it is equal to about fourteen such volumes 
 as those in which the histories of Bancroft and Prescott 
 are presented. The retail price of each of these volumes 
 is two dollars; but that of the book before us the first 
 volume of the Dictionary is but five dollars; so that it is 
 a work of extraordinary cheapness as well as extraordinary 
 merit. Indeed, nothing but a very large sale can ever 
 remunerate the publishers for their enterprising liberality 
 of outlay in getting it up. 
 
 Not merely to the general reader, whose taste in books 
 is comprehensive and catholic, is this manual of reference 
 addressed; but those who walk in a particular path, and 
 cultivate a spec ial corner of the great field of letters, will 
 find it a good guide and a safe help. The divine, by its 
 light, can pick his way through the palpable obscure of 
 theological controversy, and that vast cemetery in which 
 the bones of defunct sermons are quietly reposing. We 
 notice, too, that particular attention has been paid to legal 
 bibliography, so that the practising lawyer, who looks upon 
 polite literature with no more respect than the miller does 
 the blue and white flowers that grow amid the corn, will 
 not be able to show cause why he should not buy it, but 
 the rule will be made absolute at once. 
 
 The entire work of which we have now one-half will 
 be comprised in two volumes; and at the end there will be 
 found forty copious indexes of subjects, by the help of 
 which the reader can at once refer to all the authors who 
 have written upon any given department of letters. This 
 will be of material value to scholars, and add much to the 
 usefulness of the work. 
 
 * * * * * * * ******** 
 
 The Dictionary, as a whole, is very copious and very 
 correct. It presents in a compact form a vast mass of 
 literary information, in general as remarkable for accuracy 
 as for fulness. We chronicle its appearance as a notice 
 able event in the literary history of the country. It is 
 most honourable to the compiler, Mr. Allibone, giving evi 
 dence, as it does, not merely of patient toil that has never 
 waxed faint, but of taste, judgment, and skill. It is ho 
 nourable to the publishers, who, for the sake of good letters, 
 have been willing to send out a large invoice of capital 
 upon a voyage that will be long before it begins to make 
 returns. It is creditable to the country; for such a work 
 could not have been undertaken by men so sagacious and 
 experienced as Messrs. Childs & Peterson, if they had not 
 felt assured that such a love of knowledge and taste for 
 reading had been diffused through the community as made 
 it ripe for the reception of such a manual. Of its ultimate 
 success we can have no doubt : the result can only be a 
 question of time. 
 
TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS. 
 
 From Jaines Walker, LL.D., President of Harvard University. 
 Harvard University, 
 
 Cambridge, Jan. 3, 1859. 
 
 Dear Sir: I have turned over the pages of your Critical 
 Dictionary of English Literature with ever- in creasing 
 wonder at the magnitude and completeness of the work. 
 The multiplication of books and of public and private 
 libraries in this country has created a demand, I had al 
 most said a necessity, for precisely such a guide in selecting 
 the best authorities on every subject and the best editions. 
 To clergymen and students, and to all collectors of books 
 either for public or private use, it will prove an invaluable 
 help, preventing a multitude of mistakes, and, even as a 
 matter of economy, saving twenty times as much money 
 as it costs. 
 
 I remain, dear sir, yours very respectfully, 
 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. JAMES WALKER. 
 
 From Charles King, LL.D., President of Columbia College, N.T. 
 President's Room, Columbia College, 
 
 New York, Dec:Z\, 1858. 
 
 My dear Sir: On this last day of the year I fulfil a 
 purpose, too long delayed, of acknowledging the first volume 
 of your admirable "Critical Dictionary." 
 
 It is indeed a work for the age, and for all that speak the 
 English tongue; and it is fashioned to endure while that 
 tongue shall. 
 
 Its minute research, its remarkable accuracy, its com 
 prehensive grasp, and, most difficult of all, its rare discri 
 mination in the selection from masses of accumulated ma 
 terials, and impartiality of judgment, render it a guide at 
 once reliable and indispensable to all who for any purpose 
 handle books. 
 
 It is my earnest, though I cannot say unselfish, trust, 
 that "summer and winter, seed-time and harvest," may 
 still return to you, however it may betide with others, to 
 the completion of your great work, honourable at once 
 and useful to your country and to your race as well as to 
 its author. 
 
 I am, dear sir, with great regard and esteem, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. CHAS, KING. 
 
 From Prof. C. C. Felton, of Harvard University. 
 
 Cambridge, Feb. 11, 1859. 
 
 My dear Sir: I have used your Critical Dictionary of 
 English Literature (vol. i.) constantly since it was re 
 ceived in December last. During this time I have had 
 occasion to consult many of the leading articles, and have 
 read a considerable portion of the entire work. 
 
 I am astonished at the extent, minuteness, and accuracy 
 of the information you have embodied in it. The under 
 taking is a truly gigantic one, and it has been carried out 
 thus far with an industry and conscientiousness ail-but un 
 paralleled. The manner in which you have condensed 
 your materials, retaining only what is essential to a full 
 presentation of the facts and opinions pertinent to each 
 subject, is admirable. I have seldom failed to 'find, in the 
 several articles I have read, every particular, however mi 
 nute, which I desired to possess. You have given a special 
 value and importance to the work by citing the opinions 
 of the leading literary and scientific reviews, and by your 
 copious references to other authorities, where the subject is 
 one admitting controversy or requiring discussion. 
 
 I can have no doubt that your work will be a standard 
 
 and indispensable book of reference and authority wherever 
 
 English literature is studied, as it certainly is a monument 
 
 of the ability, industry, and judicial fairness of the author. 
 
 With great respect, 
 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. C, C, FELTON, 
 
 From Theodore D. Woolsey, D.D., LL.D., President of Yale College. 
 
 Tale College, Feb. 7, 1859. 
 
 Gentlemen .-Suffice it to say that I have examined the 
 book in different parts, and that it displays herculean la 
 bour, and, so far as I can discover, as much accuracy as is 
 attainable in such an undertaking. I think Mr. Allibone 
 deserves all encouragement and high praise for his con 
 scientious labour. 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 THEODOBE D. WOOLSEY. 
 
 Childs & Peterson. 
 
 From Henry T. Tuckerman, Esq., the Essayist. 
 
 New York, Dec. 27, 1858. 
 
 My dear Sir : Accept my best thanks for the first volume 
 of your Dictionary of Authors. It fulfils the high promise 
 of your prospectus and specimen-sheets. I have examined 
 its notices of those authors whose history and writings I 
 have had occasion to study, and am truly astonished at tho 
 fulness of research, the accuracy in detail, and the judi 
 cious critical estimates you have in each instance exhibited. 
 Not less noteworthy is the care and patience manifest 
 throughout in rendering justice to a large number of useful 
 and gifted but less known and appreciated writers. I am 
 impressed with the great range of practical advantage de 
 rivable from your labours. If completed as it is begun, 
 your Dictionary of Authors will not only become an au 
 thority and permanent reference in bibliography and criti 
 cism, but will serve a great educational purpose; for it 
 contains all the requisite suggestions to guide the judg 
 ment and enlighten the taste of the student of English 
 Literature, while the whole chart of lettered lore in our 
 vernacular is completely mapped out, the best critics give 
 their views, and the average public estimate of each writer 
 appears side by side with the names of his publications 
 and the facts of his life. In the hands of an intelligent 
 reader, the work thus subserves the objects of the professor, 
 supersedes, in a measure, the lecture-room, and condenses 
 the scattered information otherwise to be laboriously 
 gleaned from a whole library of authorities. Biography, 
 criticism, philosophy, history, and general culture, will each 
 and all obtain new light and impulse from so copious, au 
 thentic, and available a key to that world of knowledge, 
 taste, and truth embraced in the literature of the English 
 tongue. With renewed thanks and best wishes, I remain, 
 my dear sir, 
 
 Yours truly and obliged, 
 
 HENRY T. TUCKERMAN. 
 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
 From Dr. Hodge, Professor of Biblical Literature, &c., Presbyterian 
 Theological Seminary, Princeton, N.J. 
 
 Princeton, Jan. 5, 1859. 
 
 Dear Sir: It fills me with wonder that any one man 
 could accomplish a task involving so much labour. No 
 one can estimate the full value of your work who is not 
 himself acquainted with the whole field covered by your 
 researches, or who has not had time to test its worth by 
 long-continued use. I can therefore only say that it im 
 presses me with the highest respect for the learning, labour, 
 and candour which it exhibits even to the casual reader 
 of its pages. I have no doubt that it will prove itself to 
 be a most valuable aid to every student of English or 
 American Literature. 
 
 With great respect, 
 
 CHARLES HODGE. 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS. 
 
 From Hon. John P. Kennedy, late Secretary of the Navy, Author 
 of Horse-Shoe Robinson, &c. 
 
 Baltimore, Jan. 31, 1859. 
 
 My dear Sir : I have taken such leisure as I could com 
 mand to look over " Allibone's Dictionary of Authors," and, 
 although I had occasion to admire the copious and accu 
 rate character of this work at an earlier stage of its publi 
 cation, I am still more struck, as it proceeds, with the evi 
 dence which this volume affords of the extraordinary labour 
 of the undertaking and the successful achievement of it. 
 I do not know of any work of the kind in our literature 
 which may be compared with it for the number of subjects 
 brought into view, and the amount of critical analysis with 
 which they are treated. In both of these, the author, it 
 strikes me, has accomplished his task with singular judg 
 ment and discrimination. When this work is completed, 
 it cannot fail to be regarded as the most valuable compend 
 of the lives and labours of authors in the English lan 
 guage which has yet been afforded to its students on either 
 Bide of the Atlantic. 
 
 Believe me, my dear sir, yours truly, 
 
 JOHN P. KENNEDY. 
 0. W. Childs, Esq. 
 
 From John R. Thompson, Esq., Editor of the Southern Literary 
 Messenger. 
 
 Richmond, Feb. B, 1859. 
 
 3fy dear Sir: I am indebted to you individually for a 
 copy of the first volume of your " Critical Dictionary of 
 English Literature," sent me, some weeks ago, by Messrs. 
 Childs <fc Peterson, but I am under still heavier obligations 
 to you, as an editor and humble member of the literary 
 class, for the service you have rendered to bibliography in 
 a work whose value, in my judgment, can hardly be over 
 estimated. I beg, therefore, to offer you my sincere thanks, 
 personal and editorial; and I may, perhaps, properly add 
 that I am especially grateful for the general accuracy and 
 completeness of your notes on the authors of the Southern 
 States of the Union. I am acquainted with no other work 
 in which is to be found so much information upon Southern 
 authorship. 
 
 With great respect, I am 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 JNO. E. THOMPSON, 
 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
 From Lieut. Maury, LL.D., Director of the U.S. National Observa 
 tory, Author of Geography of the Sea, &c. 
 
 National Observatory, Washington, Dec. 27, 1858. 
 
 3fy dear Sir: I give you hearty thanks for volume first 
 of your "Dictionary of English Literature and British and 
 American Authors." 
 
 This volume ends with the letter J, and gives an account 
 of upwards of seventeen thousand authors living and dead. 
 It is as full as to every one of those authors and their 
 works as the most fastidious could desire in a book of re 
 ference. It evinces a vast amount of laborious research 
 and patient industry on the part of its author. No amount 
 of labour that would add aught to accuracy or complete 
 ness has been spared, and I know of no work of its kind 
 in any language that is equal to it. 
 
 I may mention that, in the course of conversation in the 
 family circle every evening since it has been received, we 
 have had occasion to refer to it continually : so it lies on 
 the centre-table for constant reference. I recognise it as 
 a standard authority, and congratulate you most heartily 
 as the author of it. Respectfully, Ac., 
 
 M. F. MAURY. 
 
 S. Austin Attibone, Esq. 
 
 From Robley Dunglison, M.D., LL.D., for more than twenty years 
 Professor of the Institutes and Medicine, &c. in the Jefferson 
 Medical College, Philadelphia, Author of Dunglison's Dictionary. 
 
 1116 Girard St., Jan. 12, 1859. 
 
 Dear Sir: Owing to special circumstances, I have long 
 ceased to express an opinion on works when an application 
 has been made to me by authors and publishers. In re 
 turning my acknowledgments to you, however, for the copy 
 you have so kindly sent me of the first volume of your 
 great "Dictionary of Authors," I cannot refrain from con 
 gratulating you on having so far accomplished your labo 
 rious and successful undertaking as to enable you to issue 
 the first volume. It is a work of inappreciable value to 
 those who are desirous of knowing and who is there that 
 is not? what has been done by such as have laboured in 
 the great cause of literature. By literary men especially 
 it will be in constant reference; and I have been not a little 
 gratified to discover that due attention has been paid to 
 most of those who have contributed to any extent to the 
 literature of medicine. Hence on every account I can re 
 commend it to the young and old of my own profession. 
 
 Trusting that the remainder of the work may soon 
 appear, 
 
 I am, dear sir, truly yours, 
 
 ROBLEY DUNGLISON, 
 
 S. Austin Attibone, Esq. 
 
 From John W. Francis, M.D., LL.D., President of New York Medical 
 Society, &c. 
 
 New York, Dec. 27, 1858. 
 
 My dear Mr. Childs: Your great Dictionary of English. 
 Literature and Authors was duly received, and I am at a 
 loss to express my gratitude for your early and valuable 
 gift. I have devoted many hours to an examination of the 
 work, and am prompted by the cause of letters and true 
 knowledge to affirm that Mr. Allibone has executed an 
 undertaking of the deepest interest to the student of wis 
 dom in almost every department of human research. The 
 work must be recognised as having no predecessor for mi 
 nuteness of detail, for extent of information, and the judi 
 cious collocation of a stupendous mass of information in 
 the several departments of liberal studies. One cannot but 
 marvel at individual labour and its results, when contem 
 plating the fund of knowledge this Dictionary contains. 
 Antiquarian research, with the latest results of modern li 
 terature and science, are here to be found, enriched with a 
 uclgment critically exact in exposition, and imparted to 
 the reader in proportion and in style which challenge the 
 approbation of refined taste and liberal sentiment. The 
 work is delightful in a special point of view: its spirit is 
 honest; it is unprejudiced in opinions; it is catholic in 
 thics and in patriotism. It must find its way into every 
 library; it must prove a conductor generalis in innumerable 
 inquiries instituted even by the most erudite, for its copious 
 store of bibliography and details on subjects of special 
 consideration. 
 
 The medical department, if I may so speak, will prove 
 of singular interest to the faculty of physic and to medical 
 students. Mr. Allibone has been peculiarly fortunate in 
 this branch of science, no less so than in general literature^ 
 and what will prove gratifying to the American scholar 
 is the ample notice of so many of the medical and chi- 
 rurgical art now embraced in his enduring work. 
 With every consideration and esteem, 
 I am, &c., 
 
 JOHN W, FRANCIS, 
 
 0. W. Childs, Esq. 
 
TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS. 
 
 9 
 
 From Walter Charming, M.D. 
 
 Boston, Jan. 13, 1859. 
 
 Dear Sir : A thousand thanks, and more, for your great, 
 your noble work. It is a general letter of introduction to 
 English Literature. I use the word English generically, 
 embracing every man, woman, and, I had almost said, 
 child, who reads English. You modestly call it a Diction 
 ary. It is one, and every thing pertaining to letters beside. 
 It is a catalogue raisonnee; for it not only tells of all 
 English authors, but of the value of their books, so far as 
 the published opinions of the best judges can determine 
 this. It is thus a dictionary to be read as well as con 
 sulted, and is at the same time a vast library in itself. 
 We are .told that Wm. King, an English poet, Ac., before 
 he had been eight years in college, had read twenty-two 
 thousand volumes and manuscripts, and had made remarks 
 upon them. In ten years you have collected, and examined, 
 and given to us, not merely names and titles of all the 
 authors and of their books within your laborious reach, 
 but thirty thousand biographies and literary notices and/orty 
 indexes of subjects. A lady told Dr. Johnson that she had 
 read his dictionary carefully, and had not found a single 
 indecent word in it. " Then, madam, you looked for them." 
 Now, let any gentleman or lady examine your work ever 
 so carefully for author or work in our language, and I will 
 venture to say that he or she will not fail to find what 
 either is in search of, and with the least possible amount 
 of labour. 
 
 Everybody at all interested in English literature should, 
 and will, get your book of Books, and will heartily thank 
 you for its vast treasures. 
 
 Do pardon me, dear sir, for making this large demand 
 on your patience and important time. I sat down to thank 
 you, and to offer you my sincere wishes for a success which 
 so surely awaits you, 
 
 And to assure you that I am 
 
 Truly your obliged friend, Ac., 
 
 WALTEE CHANGING. 
 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
 From Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, of Boston. 
 
 Boston, February 2, 1859. 
 
 Oentlemen : It gives me pleasure to say that the first 
 volume of Mr. Allibone's Dictionary of Authors meets 
 every expectation I had formed of it, and I concur entirely 
 in all the expressions of our leading literary men as to its 
 value and importance as a work of reference. The vast 
 amount of curious matter which it contains renders it a 
 highly interesting as well as useful book, and gives it an 
 attraction which does not commonly attach to any thing 
 bearing the name of Dictionary. 
 Yours respectfully, 
 
 ROBT. C. WINTHROP. 
 
 Childs & Peterson. 
 
 From Francis Wayland, DD., late President of Brown University, 
 Author of Wayland's Moral Science, &c. 
 
 Providence, Jan. 15, 1859. 
 
 Gentlemen : I have devoted some time to an examination 
 of Allibone's Dictionary of Authors, and am of the opinion 
 that it deserves a place in every well-selected library. As 
 a Dictionary of literary biography it is remarkably com 
 prehensive; the estimate of authors and their works is exe 
 cuted' with great fidelity, and the references to the best 
 sources for additional information are of the highest value. 
 It is a book to which the student will have so frequent oc 
 casion to refer, that he will always desire to have it within 
 reach for the purpose of consultation. 
 I am, gentlemen, yours truly, 
 
 F. WAYLAND. 
 
 Child* & Peterson. 
 
 From W. Gilmore Simms, Esq., of South Carolina, Author of 
 Yemassee; Guy Rivers; The Partisan, Ac. 
 
 Woodlands, S.C., Jan. 18, 1859. 
 
 Gentlemen: I have great pleasure in expressing my ex 
 treme satisfaction upon the examination of the first volume 
 of Mr. Allibone's Dictionary of English Authors and Lite 
 rature. It appears to me that he has been eminently suc 
 cessful in carrying out a plan of exceeding difficulty. 
 His research has been singularly extensive, and as com 
 plete and accurate as is possible to any living student I 
 claim to have a considerable intimacy with British Litera 
 ture, ancient as well as modern and recent, and my private 
 collection is a large one; yet I have turned to numerous 
 heads in Mr. Allibone's Dictionary without being able to 
 discover a single omission ; and the details, where given, 
 are as singularly full and copious. As English necessarily 
 includes American literature, I find him equally thorough 
 in his researches and full in his details in regard to author 
 ship in our country. Briefly, his is a work of immense 
 labour and industry; requiring vast resources in books; 
 very general scholarship; extensive reading; a wonderful 
 memory; a pains-taking that, note-book in hand, suffers 
 not an item, of any value to a subject, to escape record; 
 and a critical taste and judgment which knows justly upon 
 what feature of an author to expatiate, and seldom fails to 
 discriminate those which are most essential to the forma 
 tion of opinions. It is especially his merit that he seems 
 to preside impartially. 
 
 It is usually the mistake, if not the offence, of those who 
 have charge of works of this class, that they represent 
 cliques, clans, sects, parties, and but too frequently suffer a 
 bias from association, or a prejudice of party or taste, to 
 impart a tone to their criticism, whether of praise or blame, 
 which renders their judgments unjust, and to this degree 
 valueless. This has been quite too much the case with Ame 
 rican criticism. Mr. Allibone shows none of this. He is, 
 besides, far from that wretched sectionality which is but 
 too apt to show itself in the literary compilations of this 
 country. I have been at some pains to see how far he 
 accords his attention to the writers and literary authorities 
 of the South, and it is with pleasure that I find his record 
 making a fair and full showing as full, perhaps, as can 
 be made of what has been done, in literary respects, 
 among the Southern people. Some things, no doubt, are 
 omitted, but simply for the reason that no proper record 
 has been made of them at home; and no stranger could 
 possibly trace out the full sources of information among 
 a rural people, having no large publishing cities, and living 
 so [sparsely in such immense territory, without incurring 
 such a degree of labour and expense as would most effec 
 tually discourage such an enterprise. Let me congratulate 
 you, gentlemen, upon the success of your editor in this 
 very comprehensive compilation. Nor should I omit to 
 mention that, as publishers, you have done your part of the 
 work in a highly creditable manner. In typography, paper, 
 and binding, this volume is worthy of a place in any library* 
 I am, gentlemen, your ob't and obliged serv't, 
 
 Childs & Peterson. W. GILMORE SIMMS. - 
 
 From Lord Napier. 
 
 H.B.M.'s Legation, Washington, Jan. 15, 1859. 
 Sir: I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of 
 your kind letter accompanying the first volume of your 
 "Dictionary of British and American Authors." I beg to 
 thank you for the mark of attention of which you have 
 made me the object, and I highly appreciate the value of a 
 work which appears to be much more full and more accu 
 rate than any of the same kind which have preceded it. 
 
 I am, sir, your obedient faithful servant, 
 & Austin Allibone, Es^. NAPIEE. 
 
10 
 
 TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS. 
 
 From Gco. W. Bethune, D.D., of the Dutch Reformed Church, 
 Brooklyn. 
 
 I ain not worthy to give an opinion of Mr. Allibone's 
 great work, the first volume of which has been on my table 
 for some days. After closely reading a number of the 
 articles, I confess myself astonished at the range of infor 
 mation and accuracy of detail displayed throughout, and 
 equally admire the soundness of the criticisms as well as 
 * he plan on which the notices are constructed. 
 
 With some of the subjects and their writings my pursuits 
 have made me familiar. Of these I am more competent 
 to judge, and may fairly consider the treatment of them 
 as proving the character of the Dictionary. I have in no 
 case been disappointed. No name of any account has 
 been omitted, and the facts are as fully given as the limits 
 set by the preface would allow. 
 
 Mr. Allibone has thus far exceeded the highest expecta 
 tions of his most partial friends. He has their unfeigned 
 thanks for what he has done in contributing to the biblio 
 graphy of the world, and their best wishes that his future 
 success may equal (it can scarcely exceed) his present 
 triumph. 
 
 GEO. W. BETHUNE. 
 
 Brooklyn, Jan. 8, 1859. 
 
 From S. Irenaeus Prime, D.D., Editor New York Observer. 
 
 New York, Feb. 3, 1859. 
 
 Gentlemen : The first volume of your- great Dictionary 
 of Authors I have perused with astonishment and delight. 
 It is just what I have long desired to have, and have 
 sought for in vain. Thousands of clergymen, students, 
 and all literary and intelligent men, must wish to have just 
 this work ; and they will have it, when they learn that it 
 is in the world. It deserves the most cordial reception, 
 and I trust that the author and the publishers will have 
 the largest reward for their enterprise and labour. 
 Yours truly, 
 
 S. IRENJEUS PRIME. 
 Child* & Peterson. 
 
 From Francis L. Hawks, LL.D., D.D., Ac. 
 
 New York, Feb. 2, 1859. 
 
 Gentlemen: The book is of that class of works which 
 make their way by their own merits, and carries with it its 
 own best recommendation. As a book of reference it is 
 one of the most valuable I ever saw, displaying as it does 
 on every page the careful and conscientious research of 
 the author, added to an information the most extensive, 
 and singular impartiality of statement. The amount of 
 labour bestowed on its preparation must have been im 
 mense; and so well bestowed has it been, that I can readily 
 believe the work is destined to occupy a high position in 
 the department of letters to which it is devoted. 
 Very respectfully, gentlemen, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 FRANCIS L. HAWKS, 
 
 Childs & Peterson. 
 
 From Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn. 
 
 Brooklyn, Jan. 26, 1859. 
 
 Gentlemen : I received the copy of Allibone's Dictionary 
 of Authors, and, though I have not had time to give it a 
 searching examination, I have consulted it sufficiently to 
 give me a very high opinion of its merits. Although I 
 have several Biographical Collections, including Rose's, 
 I regard this as the best of them all, and in all respects 
 I prefer it to any that 1 am acquainted with. When it 
 shall be completed, I shall be disappointed if it be not found 
 the very best work ever compiled. 
 I am very truly yours, 
 
 H. W. BEECHER. 
 
 Child* & Peterson. 
 
 From N. P. Willis, Esq. 
 
 IdlewUd, New York, Dec. 29, 1858. 
 
 Gentlemen : Mr. Allibone's " Dictionary of Authors" is 
 a splendid crystallization of points of knowledge much 
 wanted, and its character seems to me admirably expressed 
 in the words of the advertisement: "It is intended to be 
 to the literature of the language what a dictionary of words 
 is to the language itself." As far as I have had time to 
 examine it, it carries this idea well out. No gentlemen's 
 or scholar's library, I should think, would be complete 
 without it, when once to be had. 
 
 Yours very sincerely, 
 
 N. P. WILLIS. 
 
 Childs & Peterson. 
 
 IdlewUd, Jan. 29, 1859. 
 
 My dear Sir: With better knowledge of your book from 
 repeated feasts upon it, I am ashamed to have written you 
 so commonplace an acknowledgment of its first receipt. 
 Of all the storehouses of interesting and readable matter, 
 the "Dictionary of Authors" seems to me the most capti 
 vating. The good taste, industry, and skill of arrange 
 ment therein manifested could not be surpassed, and it 
 will make for you a reputation very enviable. I shall try 
 to make amends in print for my apparently inappreciative 
 first acknowledgment of the acquisition. 
 
 With many sincere thanks for the prize I have in the 
 book, I remain, my dear sir, 
 
 Yours faithfully, 
 
 N. P. WILLIS. 
 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
 From the Rt. Rev. Francis Patrick Kenrick, Archbishop of 
 Baltimore, &c. 
 
 Baltimore, Dec. 23, 1858. 
 
 Dear Sir: I return you many thanks for the beautiful 
 present of your magnificent work, " Dictionary of Authors," 
 of which the first volume has reached me. It is a work 
 of immense research, and compiled with great judgment. 
 In perusing several of its articles, I felt satisfied that justice 
 towards all was aimed at, and, although the judgments of 
 men vary as to the merits of authors, I see no evidence of 
 wilful injustice or bias. I allude of course to the articles 
 regarding Catholic writers or their opponents. Wishing 
 you great success in your literary labours, 
 I remain, dear sir, 
 
 Your obliged friend and servant, 
 
 t FRANCIS PATRICK KENRICK. 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. A. B. 
 
 From Dr. Sprague, Author of the Annals of the American 
 Pulpit, &c. 
 
 Albany, Dec. 27, 1858. 
 
 My dear Sir: In acknowledging the first volume of 
 your great work, I wish to speak first of the impression 
 it -has made upon me, after the examination which I have 
 been able to give to it in two or three days; for though it 
 found me, as usual, overwhelmed with engagements, it has 
 so enchained me that I have been obliged to leave other 
 matters in a great measure to take care of themselves. I 
 have no hesitation in pronouncing it one of the most re 
 markable books of the age, or I may say of any age. I 
 know not whether to admire most its extent, its discrimi 
 nation, or its accuracy. It will make you the benefactor 
 of all ages and all countries. You have great reason to 
 bless Providence for having directed your thoughts in such 
 a channel. 
 
 Believe me, my dear sir, 
 
 Ever gratefully and faithfully yours, 
 
 W, B. SPRAGUE, 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS. 
 
 11 
 
 From Hon. Henry D. Gilpin, late Attorney-General of United States. 
 No. 300 South Eleventh Street, 
 Philadelphia, January 14, 1859. 
 
 Dear Sir .-Messrs. Childs & Peterson sent me, the even 
 ing before last, the first volume of your Dictionary, and I 
 have spent a large portion of my leisure, since then, in look 
 ing through and reading many of the articles. I cannot, 
 delay to express to you my thanks for this remarkable ad 
 dition to our literature, which is a monument erected for 
 yourself as a lover and cultivator of letters which will long 
 endure. I am quite astonished at the extent of your re 
 searches and the copiousness of your information. The bio 
 graphical incidents, connected with the authors, are in them 
 selves of great value, supplying, in important points and in 
 very numerous instances, facts that compilations expressly 
 devoted to biography do not furnish. The references to more 
 full critical views of their works than your space would 
 permit, and than would, indeed, be desirable, give xas a key 
 to unlock all the treasures of criticism. The spirit of can 
 dor that dictates your own remarks, even in instances 
 where you exhibit your own preferences, and the selections 
 of judgments from various authorities often viewing the 
 subjects in different lights, aid justness and impartiality 
 where our opinions are yet to be formed, and teach us to 
 review such as we have made. I place your volume on 
 my shelf with the certainty that it will be one constantly 
 referred to, and always with satisfaction and profit. 
 Very respectfully yours, 
 
 HENEY D. GILPIN. 
 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
 From R. Shelton Mackenzie, D.C.L., Editor of Noctes Ainbrosianae. 
 Philadelphia, Jan. 11, 1859. 
 
 My dear Sir: Thanking you most cordially for the first 
 volume of your magnum opus, I have to say that I have 
 examined it carefully and critically, and am astonished at 
 the research it exhibits, and the great almost wonderful 
 accuracy which pervades its every article. 
 
 Many years ago I commenced the collection of materials 
 for such a work, devoted to living authors alone, but, after 
 much trouble and extensive correspondence, had the con 
 clusion unwillingly forced upon me that it was a work for 
 many persons, and not for a single mind and one pair of 
 hands. However, you have done all that my ambition 
 aimed at, and double the work, and its value, by including 
 dead as well as living writers. 
 
 Every man who writes, and all who read, must feel the 
 advantage of having your Dictionary at hand. It is full, 
 but it also has the great merit of being wholly reliable. 
 I look for the concluding volume with great expectation 
 but no anxiety. Your performance in vol. i. gives ample 
 promise of equal success in what is to follow. No man 
 of letters, single-handed, has ever done any thing even 
 one-half so good as this. 
 
 Your assured friend, 
 
 K. SHELTON MACKENZIE. 
 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
 From Chauncey A. Goodrich, D.D., Prof, of tho Pastoral Charge, 
 Yale College, Editor of Webster's Quarto Dictionary, Ac. 
 
 T . 4^ , Yale College, Jan. 28, 1859. 
 
 Gentlemen: I have examined with lively interest the 
 first volume of Mr. Allibone's Dictionary of Authors, and 
 have been more and more struck, as I advanced, with the 
 comprehensiveness of the plan and the vast amount of 
 labour bestowed upon its execution. It cannot fail to be 
 one of the most valuable works of the kind in any lan 
 guage, and richly deserves the approbation and patronage 
 of every scholar. 
 
 CHAUNCEY A. GOODBICH, 
 
 Child* & Peterson. 
 
 From George B. Cheever, D.D., Pastor of the Church of the Puri 
 tans, New York. 
 
 New York, Feb. 8, 1859. 
 
 Gentlemen: The first volume of Allibone's Dictionary 
 of Authors seems to me a wonderful example and result 
 of industry and accurate research. The judicious selection 
 of brief extracts from contemporary and other critics, cha 
 racterizing the works of many of the authors named, is an 
 element of value in this great undertaking adding to the 
 variety and interest of the volume, historical, biographical, 
 and critical. The work in my judgment is of very great 
 value and importance. 
 
 Respectfully and truly, Ac., 
 
 GEORGE. B. CHEEVER. 
 Childs & Peterson. 
 
 From Edward Robinson, D.D., President Union Theological Semi 
 nary, Author of Biblical Researches in Palestine, &c. 
 Union Theological Seminary, 
 
 New York, Jan. 28, 1859. 
 
 Gentlemen : Please accept my thanks for the first volume 
 of Mr. Allibone's Dictionary of Authors, transmitted by you. 
 Though not in tho habit of giving my name to the public 
 in such cases, yet of this volume I can truly say that it 
 is a work of very great labour, and promises to be emi 
 nently useful as a book of daily reference. 
 Yours respectfully, 
 
 E. BOBINSON. 
 
 Childs & Peterson. 
 
 From Richard Henry Dana, Esq., the Poet. 
 
 Boston, Jan. 12, 1859. 
 
 Dear Sir: The thoroughness and ability of the work 
 are highly spoken of by good judges here, with whom I 
 fully agree so far as I am entitled to form an opinion. 
 
 The book is very neatly got out, and so clear is the type 
 that at seventy-one years of age I have been able to read 
 your smallest print by gaslight without glasses. 
 Wishing all success to your labours, 
 
 I am, dear sir, sincerely yours, 
 
 BICHD. H. DANA. 
 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
 From Dr. Strickland, of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 Methodist Book Rooms, 
 200 Mulberry St., New York, Dec. 29, 1858. 
 Dear Sir:~-A\low me to return my most grateful thanks 
 for the first volume of your invaluable work on English 
 literature. Your biographical sketches of English and 
 American Authors are correct and impartial, such as, I 
 regret to say, cannot be found in any work from Watt's 
 Bibliotheca Britannica down to the last bibliographi 
 cal dictionary. The "Critical Dictionary of English 
 Literature" I regard as the most valuable and interesting 
 book of the age, and as indispensable to every public and 
 private library. Most truly yours, 
 
 W. P. STBICKLAND. 
 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
 From Theophilus Parsons, LL.D., Prof, of Law in Harvard University. 
 
 Cambridge, Jan. 5, 1859. 
 
 Dear Sir: I have had the first volume of your Dic 
 tionary for some days, and have satisfied myself that your 
 plan is excellent, and that you have carried it out with very 
 great industry and with good judgment. The fulness and 
 accuracy of its information concerning modern authors 
 and their works are indeed remarkable. To any one who 
 desires the knowledge your book purports to give, and 
 what educated man does not ? it must be of great interest 
 and value. Respectfully, Ac., 
 
 THEOPHILUS FABSONS, 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
12 
 
 TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS. 
 
 From J. P. Durbin, D.D., of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
 Author of Travels in Europe, the East, &c. 
 
 New York, Feb. 12, 1859. 
 
 Gentlemen: I have carefully examined the first volume 
 of Mr. S. A. Allibone's "Critical Dictionary of English 
 Literature, and of British and American Authors, Living 
 and Dead," which you have been pleased to send me. It 
 not only gives the original sources of information, but also 
 a list of the works of each writer, and the well-weighed 
 and critical opinion of the author of the Dictionary touch 
 ing the contents and merits of their works. A brief his 
 tory of each author's life is given, in connection with his 
 literary work, where information is accessible. 
 
 As a book of reference for reliable information in regard 
 to British and American Authors and Literature, it is in 
 valuable, and no student, or scholar, or professional man, 
 ought on any account to be without it. It is executed in 
 an impartial and able manner, both as it regards classes 
 of men and estimates of individual authors. It is a library 
 itself within its particular department of literature, and is 
 necessary to the library of every intelligent citizen. There 
 is no book in the English language which can supply its 
 place. 
 
 Wishing Mr. Allibone and yourselves the same success 
 in preparing and issuing the remainder of the work as has 
 attended the first volume, 
 
 I remain, gentlemen, yours truly, 
 
 J. P. DUBBIN. 
 
 Childs & Peterson. 
 
 From Jos. P. Thompson, D.D., of the Broadway Tabernacle. 
 New York, Feb. 10, 1859. 
 
 Dear Sir : I have repeatedly consulted the work, and 
 am highly gratified with the copiousness and variety of its 
 information concerning literature and literary men. I 
 have tested its accuracy upon names and topics with which 
 I am familiar, and am happy to bear testimony to the 
 carefulness and fidelity of your labours. It is to be ex 
 pected that in such a work one should detect occasional 
 omissions or inaccuracies ; but so few are there in compa 
 rison with the extent of topics and persons embraced in 
 the Dictionary, that every student must prize it as a reliable 
 book of reference. Indeed, I already feel that I would on 
 no account dispense with it. 
 
 The biographical sketches, though necessarily brief, are 
 complete for their purpose, and the critical notices are 
 candid and impartial. I congratulate you upon the suc 
 cessful achievement of a task which few would have had 
 the courage to attempt or the ability to accomplish. 
 I am, sir, with high respect, yours truly, 
 
 JOS. P. THOMPSON. 
 
 & Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
 From Gulian C. Verplanck, LL.D., Regent of the University of the 
 State of New York, Editor of the Illustrated Shakspeare, Ac. 
 New York, Jan. 5, 1859. 
 
 Dear Sir: I have found the work all that the high at 
 testations to its merits from our most eminent writers led 
 me to expect It seems to me to be as perfect as it is pos 
 sible for any individual to make it. It is a work of the 
 greatest utility and of admirable research, learning, and 
 accuracy. I cannot but add that the articles of higher 
 criticism (as on Johnson, Gibbon, Ac.) are excellent alike 
 on their moral and critical judgments. 
 
 I trust that the success of the publication will be equal 
 to its merits, and it will give me great pleasure if I can in 
 any way contribute to aid you in the remainder of your 
 labour. I am yours truly, 
 
 GULIAN C. VERPLANCK. 
 & Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
 From Fitz-Greene Halleck, the Poet. 
 
 Guilford, Conn., Feb. 6, 1859. 
 
 Gentlemen: I cannot look upon the book merely as 
 upon others of similar titles. Admirable as it is as a book 
 of reference, treasure as it is to every librarian, library as 
 it is in itself, inestimable in its usefulness to the learned 
 world of present and future writers and compilers, I, one 
 of the unlearned, am reading it page by page for the plea 
 sure it gives me, and for possessing, as it does, not only 
 the charm of novelty in its design and execution, but in 
 its narrative and dramatic interest all the charm of a novel. 
 I attribute these peculiar charms to one peculiarly original 
 feature of Mr. Allibone's plan. Since the commencement 
 of the present century, the best writers in our language 
 have devoted their best thoughts and impressions to the 
 periodical criticism of their time, embracing their views 
 of past and present authors. Of the best specimens of 
 these criticisms Mr. Allibone has skilfully availed himself, 
 and by blending their various excellencies of thought and 
 style with his own, and judiciously and impartially con 
 trasting their conflicting opinions the opinions of our 
 ablest and highest cultivated minds with each other, has 
 not only enriched us with an embodiment of our most 
 beautiful and most valuable recent literature, but has so 
 gracefully interwoven it with the lives and characters of 
 the several subjects- of his biographies as to make them, 
 taken all together, as Dr. Johnson said of Goldsmith's 
 projected Natural History, "as entertaining as a fairy 
 tale." 
 
 Congratulating you upon the possession of a book of 
 such magnitude and importance, so creditable to your 
 character for enterprise and sagacity, and so certain of 
 proving a permanent and profitable investment of your 
 capital, 
 
 I remain, gentlemen, truly yours, 
 
 FITZ-GBEENE HALLECK. 
 
 Childs & Peterson. 
 
 From Dr. Barnard, the eminent writer on Education, and Editor 
 of Barnard's American Journal of Education, &c. 
 
 Hartford, Conn., Dec. 30, 1858. 
 
 Dear Sir: I have examined with great satisfaction the 
 first volume of your Critical Dictionary of English Litera 
 ture, especially the English and American Authors in my 
 own special range of research and reference. I have nothing 
 among my books of reference so comprehensive and accu 
 rate, so well calculated to answer immediate conversa 
 tional and reading purposes, or to open up the sources of 
 extended and exhaustive research in the department of 
 literary biography and bibliography. It deserves a place 
 in every library, individual or public, of circulation or 
 reference. Your obedient, 
 
 HENBY BABNABD. 
 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
 From John G. Whittier, the Poet. 
 
 Amesbury, 2d, 1st month, 1859. 
 
 Dear Friend: I have examined with great satisfaction 
 thy Dictionary of English Literature. As a work of re 
 ference it will be invaluable. It places before tbfe reader 
 a vast amount of biographical and literary information, 
 giving not only an account of the authors themselves and 
 their publications, but the critical comments of the best 
 judges upon them. The amount of labour and research 
 bestowed upon the work surprises mo. If completed as 
 begun, it will be a most valuable addition to our literature, 
 and entitle the author to the thanks of all who love books. 
 Very truly thy friend, 
 
 JOHN G. WHITTLES. 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS. 
 
 13 
 
 From Judge James Hall, of Cincinnati, Author of Legends of the 
 West, &c. 
 
 Cincinnati, Jan. 31, 1859. 
 
 Gentlemen: I have examined the first volume of Alli 
 bone's Dictionary of Authors with care, and with an inte 
 rest awakened by the novelty and comprehensiveness of 
 its plan. The work is evidently, as the author describes 
 it, "the fruit of many years of anxious research and con 
 scientious toil," and is as remarkable for the variety as for 
 the vast amount of the information contained in it. I 
 consider it a production of rare excellence, which fills a 
 vacant place in our literature. It is not only a Dictionary 
 of Authors, but also a history of authorship. It covers 
 the whole field of English Literature and Science, em 
 bracing a larger number of names of authors than any simi 
 lar work. The criticisms are brief, but satisfactory, and 
 for the most part conclusive. 
 
 The feature which most clearly distinguishes this work 
 from others of similar purport, is that it is bibliographical 
 as well as biographical. It describes, classes, and cata 
 logues books, as well as the writers of books. It contains 
 elaborate indexes of books and of subjects, so that not 
 only may the name of any given writer be found, with the 
 outlines of his career and character, but a book may be 
 searched out under its title, or under the subject of which 
 it treats. Those indexes direct the inquirer to all the books 
 which have been written on the subject of his inquiry, and 
 inform him of their relative merits. It is such a work as 
 would be desirable to every student and man of letters; 
 but to librarians, to persons having or designing to collect 
 libraries, to booksellers, to principals of the higher schools, 
 to all to whom books and literature form a subject of pri 
 mary interest, it will be indispensable. 
 
 I will only add, that, so far as I can judge from one 
 volume, American literature has received an impartial 
 share of Mr. Allibone's attention. That of the West, I feel 
 satisfied, has had full justice done to it. 
 
 Very truly yours, JAMES HALL, 
 
 Childs & Peterson. 
 
 From Dr. Cogswell, Librarian of the Astor Library. 
 
 New York, Jan. 3, 1859. 
 
 Dear Sir: I received your first volume on the 30th 
 ultimo, and would have immediately acknowledged your 
 great kindness in honouring me with a presentation-copy, 
 but I wanted first to have an opportunity of looking at 
 various articles, that I might say a word of the work. From 
 this hasty and imperfect examination, it appears to me to 
 be entitled to very high praise. I came upon no article 
 that was not just and discriminating, and could not but 
 wonder that you should have been able to devote the time 
 to it which it manifestly required. 
 
 Yours truly, JOS. G. COGSWELL. 
 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
 From Prof. Charles D. Cleveland, Author of Compendium of 
 English Literature, &c. 
 
 Phila., 903 Clinton St., Jan. 27, 1859. 
 
 Gentlemen: Since I received my copy of Allibone's Dic 
 tionary of Authors, I have had occasion to consult it very 
 many times, and always to my satisfaction. To praise it 
 would be superfluous: its great value must be patent to 
 every one who merely glances at its pages. Indeed, it is 
 an absolute necessity, not only to every man of letters, 
 but to every family circle where literature is in the least 
 degree cultivated. 
 
 Wishing you every success which your enterprising 
 spirit nobly deserves, 
 
 I am yours very truly, CHAS. D. CLEVELAND, 
 
 Childs & Peterson. 
 
 From Hon. Eoger B. Taney, Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court 
 of the United States. 
 
 Washington, Feb. 12, 1859. 
 
 Dear Sir: I am sorry to have so long delayed acknow 
 ledging your kindness in sending me the first volume of 
 your Dictionary of English Literature. My apology is, 
 pressing official duties, with infirm health. 
 
 I have, however, found time to look into it sufficiently 
 to form an opinion of its value ; and that opinion is a very 
 favourable one. My examination, for want of more time, 
 has been confined chiefly to eminent English writers of 
 past ages on English law. And I find the prominent 
 events of their lives briefly stated, together with a correct 
 list of their works, (as far as I can judge,) and the criti 
 cisms upon them by other eminent authors, whether fa 
 vourable or unfavourable, fairly given. 
 
 Your plan appears to me to be new, and a happy one; 
 and as a book of reference your work will be found valu 
 able in any library. 
 With great respect, 
 
 I am, dear sir, your obedient servant, 
 
 B. B. TANEY. 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
 From Benson J. Leasing, author of Pictorial Field-Book of the 
 Revolution, &c. 
 PougJikeepsie, N. Y., January 13, 1859. 
 
 My dear Sir: I received the first volume of your Dic 
 tionary of English and American Authors just as I was 
 starting for Lake Champlain. I have employed every 
 spare moment since my return in a general and special 
 examination of it, and I thank you most heartily for the 
 delight and instruction it has given me. 
 
 From specimen-sheets I had formed a most favourable 
 opinion of the work ; but I had no just conception of its 
 scope and completeness. The care, industry, patience, 
 perseverance, candour, judgment, discrimination, and inde 
 pendence of spirit, which mark every page, give it a charm 
 for the student such as truth in all its simple beauty never 
 fails to bestow. A profound reverence for facts, an earnest 
 desire to be fair, a sincere wish to be honest, and an open- 
 hearted, open-handed exhibition of each author's works, 
 so that they may be seen in the various lights in which 
 critics have discovered their faults and their excellencies, 
 are everywhere discernible, and give a value to the book 
 that commands high appreciation and prophesies of ho 
 nourable companionship with the best literary productions 
 of the age. It will become indispensable to all who feel 
 a desire for general knowledge concerning what has been 
 accomplished in the wide field of British and American 
 Literature, for it will fill a void long felt and lamented. 
 
 I have examined the work also with especial reference 
 to its value to the inquirer after the best sources of infor 
 mation on the subject of American history, and find it 
 most perfect in that particular thus far. When the work 
 shall be completed in the same full and comprehensive 
 manner exhibited by this first volume, it will readily 
 answer every reasonable inquiry upon that subject. In a 
 word, my dear sir, the general student, the scholar, the 
 author, all have reason to thank you for the preparation 
 of this work; and I trust it will find its way, freighted 
 with its rich treasures of fact and thought, wherever there 
 is a soul craving such food as it may distribute. 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 BENSON J, LOSSING. 
 
 S. Austin Allibone, Esq. 
 
it ill IJUMI or rui rtjflr.ri.efnr>] cj x i^u;a 
 
 
 
 THE CHIEF GLOHT OF EVERY PEOPLE ARISES FROM ITS AUTHOR S."-DH. JOHNSON. 
 
Entered, according to an act of Congress, in the year 18 54. toy 
 
 S AT'STIX ALL1BONE, 
 
 in. the clerk's office of tlie District CoiiTt of the United States. in and tor the Eastern District 
 of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Entered according to an act of Congress. in the year 1858, toy 
 
 &EORGE W CHILD S, 
 
 in the clerk's office of the District Court of the United States, in and for the Eastern District 
 of Pennsylvania . 
 
CRITICAL 
 
 DICTUM OF 
 
 AND 
 
 BRITISH AND AMERICAN AUTHORS, 
 
 ifthi aito 
 
 FROM THE EARLIEST ACCOUNTS 
 
 TO THE MIDDLE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 THIRTY THOUSAND BIOGRAPHIES AND LITERARY NOTICES, 
 WITH FORTY INDEXES OP SUBJECTS. 
 
 BT 
 S. AUSTIN ALLIBONE \* I fe' 
 
 "THE CHIEF GLORT OP EVERT PEOPLE ARISES FROM ITS AUTHORS."!)*. JOHNSON. 
 
 VOL. I. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 
 CHILDS & PETERSON, 602 ARCH STREET. 
 185& 
 
"Z. l^ ^H- 
 
 Ar 
 
 Entered, according to an act of Congress, in the year 1854, by 
 S. AUSTIN ALLIBONE, 
 
 in the clerk's office of the District Court of the United States, in and for the Eastern District 
 
 of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1858, by 
 
 GEORGE W. CHILDS, 
 
 in the clerk's office of the District Court of the United States in and for the Eastern District 
 
 of Pennsylvania. 
 
 STEREOTYPED BY L. JOHNSON AND CO. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 PRINTED BY DEACON & PETERSON. 
 
TO 
 
 GEORGE WILLIAM CHILDS, 
 
 % $ttbli0fyer 01 ifeis ffltorfe, 
 WHO HAS GREATLY FURTHERED MY LABOURS BY HIS ENTERPRISE 
 
 AND 
 
 ZEALOUS AND INTELLIGENT INTEREST, 
 
 THE FRUITS OF MANY YEARS OF ANXIOUS RESEARCH 
 
 AND 
 
 CONSCIENTIOUS TOIL. 
 
 S. AUSTIN ALLIBONE. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, September 1, 1858. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 THE importance and value of a dictionary of a lan 
 guage are understood and appreciated by all. If I 
 find a word in a book, or hear a word used by another, 
 which I do not fully comprehend, I have nothing to 
 do but refer to my dictionary, where all the needful 
 information is before me. I have now increased my 
 stock of knowledge, and can use the word myself in 
 speaking or writing, and comprehend it when used 
 by others. Another link is added to those ties which 
 bind me to society ; my capacity for giving and re 
 ceiving valuable information and innocent pleasure 
 is enlarged. It is now natural for me to reason with 
 myself, that if the knowledge of only one new term 
 of thought be so desirable, because so useful, how 
 would my usefulness and happiness be increased 
 by larger additions to my stock of mental wealth ! 
 A life spent in the acquisition of knowledge, surely 
 would be a happy life ! But few men can so devote 
 their whole time, and if this were practicable, life is 
 too short for any one man to possess himself of all 
 the secrets of nature, the discoveries of science, and 
 the triumphs of art. I cannot at the same time, 
 gaze with the astronomer, explore with the voyager, 
 calculate with the mathematician, and experiment 
 with the philosopher. But it occurs to me that there 
 is a mode in which I may, to a large extent, avail 
 myself of the results of the labours of others. These 
 have been given to mankind through the medium of 
 the press. I can, therefore, devote my leisure time 
 to such profitable reading as shall make me acquainted 
 with much of which I must otherwise be ignorant. 
 Beading is that art by which I am enabled to avail 
 myself of the recorded wisdom of mankind. But 
 here a practical difficulty suggests itself. The multi 
 plicity of books, even in my own language, renders 
 a careful selection absolutely indispensable. It has 
 been computed that of the 650,000 (?) volumes in the 
 English language, about 50,000 would repay a peru-, 
 sal! Suppose a person to read 100 pages a day, or 
 
 100 volumes a year, it would require 500 years to 
 exhaust such a library ! How important is it, then, 
 to know what to read ! And how shall this knowledge 
 be obtained ? Now let us revert to our opening re 
 marks upon the value of a dictionary of words. If 
 there be such an advantage in full definition, in 
 alphabetical arrangement, and consequent facility of 
 reference, why should we not have a dictionary of 
 books and authors as well as of words? Suppose that 
 I wish to know whether Hume or Lingard's History 
 of England, or Spenser's Poems, or Burke's Speeches, 
 or Thomson's Seasons, are desirable works for my 
 school, my library, my parlour table ; or suppose I 
 wish to know the personal history of these authors 
 of Hume, Lingard, Burke, Thomson what trouble I 
 shall have in obtaining the desired information ! But 
 if I had a Dictionary of Literary History and Bio 
 graphy, I have nothing to do but turn to H, or L, or 
 B, or T, and I am at once in possession of what 1 
 seek. But is there any such work to be had ? It is 
 a remarkable fact that, notwithstanding the obvious 
 advantages of such a work, there was none such in 
 print before the present publication. There were, 
 indeed, meagre " Compendiurns of English Litera 
 ture," and " Comprehensive Cyclopaedias," the largest 
 of which (with the exception of a book of titles of 
 works) contains about 850 out of more than 30,000 
 authors! Much of such knowledge, too, is found 
 scattered here and there in expensive biographical 
 compilations, which can never become popular, be 
 cause very costly, and are, indeed, insufficient authori 
 ties in literary history. 
 
 Deeply lamenting this serious deficiency in the 
 English Republic of Letters, the compiler determined 
 to undertake the preparation of the long-desired 
 work, and he now has the pleasure of presenting to 
 the public the results of labours extending over a 
 long period, and pursued with unwearied zeal, in "A 
 CRITICAL DICTIONARY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE AND 
 
 3 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 BRITISH AND AMERICAN AUTHORS, LIVING AND DE 
 CEASED, FROM THE EARLIEST ACCOUNTS TO THE MID 
 DLE OF THE 19TH CENTURY." 
 
 The principal features of the work are the follow 
 ing: 
 
 1. It is arranged in alphabetical order, to insure 
 facility of reference. 
 
 2. While professing to chronicle only British and 
 American authors, in our College of Letters, we 
 have sometimes overlooked the question of nativity 
 and enrolled a writer whose insignia of literary 
 nobility could properly be quartered on an English 
 field. That, indeed, would be a prodigal parsimony 
 which should exclude from the national coffers of 
 intellectual wealth, the superscriptions of Anselm 
 Lanfranc, Benoit De Sainte-Maur, and Peter of 
 Blois. 
 
 3. As a general rule, a succinct biography is given 
 of each author of note. The length of such notice 
 of course, depends upon his prominence as an indi 
 vidual, and his rank as an author. Those of the 
 first class, such as, Addison Anselm, Ascham, Bacon 
 Burke, Byron, Bryant, Chaucer, Chillingworth, Cla 
 rendon, Cowper, Davy, Dryden, Dwight, Edwards, 
 Everett, Franklin, Gildas, Gibbon, Hallam, Hall, 
 Henry, Irving, Johnson, Laud, Leighton, Locke, 
 Milton, More, Newton, Otway, Paley, Pope, Prescott, 
 Robertson, Roscoe, Savage, Spenser, Shakspeare, 
 Sherlock, Southey, Sparks, Taylor, Thomson, Tyn- 
 dale, Usher, Vanbrugh, Wace, Warburton, Walpole, 
 Watts, Waterland, Wood, Young, and SEVERAL THOU 
 SAND OTHERS, are treated at considerable length. Less 
 space is devoted to those less distinguished. The 
 number of authors whose works are noticed is about 
 30,000, a far greater number of English writers than 
 has ever before been brought together in any work, 
 or indeed in all previous publications. 
 
 4. The most valuable feature of the work is now 
 to be mentioned. Compilers of manuals of literature 
 have almost universally fallen into the great error of 
 giving their own opinions, almost exclusively, upon 
 the merits or demerits of the authors under conside 
 ration. Now, these opinions may be valuable or not : 
 the public generally neither ask nor care what their 
 views may be. This capital error is avoided in the 
 present work. The compiler occasionally ventures 
 an opinion of his own, but this will be merely sup 
 plemental to opinions better known and more highly 
 appreciated by the reading public. As a carefully 
 prepared RECORD OF THE OPINIONS OF GREAT MEN 
 UPON GREAT MEN, this work will prove an invaluable 
 guide to the student of literary history. For instance, 
 able criticisms upon the speeches and literary pro 
 ductions of EDMUND BURKE have been written or 
 spoken by such men as M. Cazale's, Charles James 
 Fox, Sir James Mackintosh, Dr. Johnson, Curran, 
 Wilberforce, the Duke de Levis, Gerard Hamilton, 
 Dr. French Laurence, Lord Eldon, Dr. Parr, Robert 
 Hall, the Emperor of Germany, the Princes of France, 
 
 the King of England; in modern times, by Lord 
 Brougham, Lord John Russell, Sir Robert Peel, Mr. 
 Macaulay, and many others. Now, such criticisms 
 and commendations, invaluable as they are, are float 
 ing about in books and pamphlets, often difficult to 
 procure, and troublesome to examine. In the pre 
 sent work they will be found, in the whole or in part, 
 arranged in a few pages under the name of BURKE. 
 Such an article alone is well worth the price of the 
 whole book. When Mr. BRYANT was a youthful poet 
 his effusions were most favourably noticed by that 
 first class authority, the LONDON RETROSPECTIVE 
 REVIEW, as well as by other periodicals and critics. 
 Some years later, CHRISTOPHER NORTH and WASH 
 INGTON IRVING (then in London) displayed their good 
 taste by warmly applauding the "thoughts that 
 breathe and words that burn" of the great American 
 bard. In the present work the reader has only to 
 turn to the name of BRYANT, to find an account of 
 these and other interesting facts connected with Mr. 
 B.'s poetical career. So a reference to the name of 
 WASHINGTON IRVING will place him in possession of 
 the prominent events connected with the life of this 
 distinguished ornament of English literature. In 
 like manner are noticed the works and lives of the 
 principal living (as well as deceased) British authors : 
 -HALLAM, BROUGHAM, MACAULAY, DICKENS, BULWEH 
 LYTTON, &c. 
 
 5. The laudable curiosity of the bibliomaniac, or 
 lover of rare works, is not forgotten in this volume. 
 Occasional notices are given of 
 
 "The small, rare volume, black with tarnished gold." 
 
 (Ferriar's "Bibliomania," p. 11 : Epistle to Richard 
 Heber, Esq.) whilst the early ROXBURGHE FESTIVALS, 
 the tournaments at Leigh and Sotheby's, and the tri 
 umphs of DIBDIN, HEBER, and THORPE, claim respect 
 ful remembrance. 
 
 6. The second division of this work consists of a 
 copious index of subjects, so that the inquirer can 
 
 FIND AT A GLANCE ALL THE AUTHORS OF ANY NOTE IN 
 THE LANGUAGE, ARRANGED UNDER THE SUBJECT OR 
 SUBJECTS UPON WHICH THEY HAVE WRITTEN. Under 
 
 AGRICULTURE, the farmer will find authors' names 
 alphabetically arranged ; and by turning to each one, 
 can see the title or titles of his work or works, and 
 probably an estimate of the value of his labours. So 
 n ANTIQUITIES, CHEMISTRY, DIVINITY, DRAMA, LAW, 
 POLITICAL ECONOMY, BIOGRAPHY, &c. This arrange 
 ment, the compiler considers, will confer an inesti 
 mable value upon the work. He thus presents to the 
 public, in one volume, a COMPREHENSIVE MANUAL 
 OF ENGLISH LITERATURE authors and subjects a 
 MANUAL WHICH is TO THE LITERATURE OF THE LAN 
 GUAGE WHAT AN ORDINARY DICTIONARY IS TO THE 
 WORDS OF THE LANGUAGE. 
 
 7. The value of the work can be best seen by a 
 comparison with other works of a somewhat similar 
 character. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 1. THE BIOGRAPHIA BRITANNICA (complete), in 7 
 folio volumes, comes down to a no later period than 
 1766; 5 volumes of a new edition were published 
 1778-93, extending to letter E, and part of F. The 
 number of authors noticed is few, and, of course, il 
 excludes all those who have died within the last 
 sixty-two years, and all recent discoveries in literary 
 biography. These twelve bulky volumes, which are 
 now rarely to be met with, are worth about $35 to 
 $40. 
 
 2. CHALMERS'S BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY, 32 vols. 
 8 vo., 1812-17, contains in all less than 9000 names, 
 of which perhaps 2500 are those of British au 
 thors ; it is sold at from $45 to $55. It contains 
 no author who has died within about forty years. 
 Our work gives 25,000 to 30,000 names of British 
 and American authors (including the living) to the 
 present time. 
 
 Sr WATT'S BIBLIOTHECA BRITANNICA, 1824, 4 vols., 
 4to., like the other works named above, is a very 
 valuable compilation. It contains the names of about 
 22,500 British, and perhaps 100 to 200 early American, 
 authors. Of biographical notices it is almost desti 
 tute; in many cases giving a line where our work 
 gives a column. It sells for $40 to $50. 
 
 4. LOWNDES'S BIBLIOGRAPHER'S MANUAL, 1824, 4 
 vols., 8vo., gives no biography of consequence, few 
 modern names, and very meagre critical notices, 
 where any at all are presented. It is but little more 
 than a catalogue of titles, though a work of much 
 value to a bibliographer. It meets with a rapid sale 
 at $24 to $28, and is now very scarce. 
 
 5. THE NEW BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY, (Rose's) 
 12 vols., 8vo., 1848, contains about 3700 names of 
 British and American authors, excluding all living. 
 It sells for $30 to $40. 
 
 6. CHAMBERS'S CYCLOPEDIA OF ENGLISH LITERA 
 TURE is a most valuable work, and should be in all 
 libraries ; but as a map of English literature it is 
 very defective, though from no fault of the intelligent 
 editor, Mr. Robert Chambers. He designed to give 
 specimens of the works of a few authors, rather th,an 
 a history of British and American authors and lite 
 rature. The bulk of his work is made up of extracts 
 from the few authors noticed. Of these there are 
 832 only, WHO ARE ALL INCLUDED IN OUR OWN WORK, 
 AND SOME 25,000 TO 30,000 IN ADDITION! Not only 
 have we all of the British authors noticed by CHAM 
 BERS, but all included in WATT'S BIBLIOTHECA BRITAN 
 NICA, in LOWNDES'S BIBLIOGRAPHER'S MANUAL, in 
 ROSE'S BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY, 1848, 12 vols., 
 8vo., CLEVELAND'S COMPENDIUMS OF ENGLISH LITE 
 RATURE, &c. ; all of the American authors to be found 
 in R. W. Griswold's compilations, in Allen's American 
 Biographical Dictionary, and many more, both British 
 and American, never before included in a work of 
 this kind. If it be asked, how is it possible for us to 
 have compressed so vast a quantity of information 
 into one volume, we answer that, though we give 
 
 only one volume, yet this contains the matter of more 
 than thirty ordinary 12mo. volumes of 350 pages each. 
 It is needless to enlarge upon the superior convenience 
 for reference which one large volume possesses over 
 a number of smaller ones. 
 
 We shall now proceed to show the weighty claiias 
 which our work presents to the attention of the mem 
 bers of the various professions, and the public gene 
 rally. 
 
 1. The CLERGYMAN will find it an invaluable 
 guide in his professional duties. How often is he at 
 a loss to know what books to refer to, when pursuing 
 some interesting and useful branch of study! We 
 are bold to say that there is no work in the language, 
 with the exception of this volume, which will answer 
 his purpose. HORNE'S INTRODUCTION, and ORME'S 
 BIBLIOTHECA BIBLICA, treat of works which relate 
 to the Scriptures, only. WILLIAMS'S CHRISTIAN 
 PREACHER, and BICKERSTETH'S CHRISTIAN STUDENT, 
 and some other manuals of a similar character, are 
 very defective in bibliography, and so partial to those 
 who agree, and (unintentionally) unjust to others 
 who disagree, with the peculiar views of the compilers, 
 that the advocate is apparent, where the judge alone 
 should be heard. Now our work contains almost, if 
 not quite, all of the critical notices included in these 
 works, and many others of a different complexion. 
 The clergyman has only to turn to the class headed 
 "DIVINITY," and the theological treasures of the 
 English language are laid open to his view. By such 
 guidance, instead of purchasing his books at random, 
 and diminishing his means by the cost of works, which 
 he finds, on examination, unsuited to his purpose, 
 he can at once lay his hands upon exactly what he 
 needs. If he wish to add to his library works of a 
 miscellaneous character, he can consult this ever- 
 present, well-informed friend at his elbow, who will 
 indicate those works which are suitable, and those 
 which are unsuitable, for his library shelves and 
 parlour table. 
 
 2. The LAWYER will find in our work copious 
 notices of books in his profession, from ARCHBOLD to 
 VINER. The article " LAW," in the Index, will enable 
 him to discover at once the title and date of, and fre 
 quently valuable critical opinions from the highest 
 authorities upon, the legal treatise which is to enable 
 him to study intelligently the important case, the 
 management of which is, perhaps, to make or mar 
 his professional reputation. 
 
 3. The DOCTOR OF MEDICINE is often at a loss 
 to lay his hands upon a treatise which will enable 
 him to master the diagnosis of some disease, which 
 has baffled his skill, or must be explained to his class. 
 He has no medical bibliographer to consult ; or he 
 may hesitate to admit ignorance in quarters where 
 professional rivalry may not always keep the secret. 
 Our Library of English Literature is on his shelf, is 
 consulted, has relieved him from his difficulty, and 
 he commends the wisdom of the profitable purchase. 
 
6 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 Abernethtfs Digestive Organs, Mede's Pestilential Con 
 tagion, or Watt's Consumption, soon smiles grimly in 
 his library ; the patient is soon well enough to laugh 
 at his doctor, the medical students are dismissed, 
 "wiser," if not "better, men," and our ^Esculapius 
 walks forth, the admiration of his fellow citizens, as 
 a marvel of erudition. 
 
 4. In like manner, the MERCHANT who desires 
 to be acquainted with the literature of his profession, 
 and the ARTIST who is looking for the best manuals 
 of his calling, or the biographies of those who have 
 graven their names with the chisel upon the eloquent 
 marble, or stamped their fame upon the glowing 
 colours of the speaking canvass, has here a sure 
 resource. 
 
 6. The AGRICULTURIST can learn the most 
 recent improvements in the treatment of lands, and 
 provide himself with those stimulants to production, 
 without which, no farmer can now compete with his 
 intelligent neighbour. 
 
 6. And let not the WORKING MAN say to such a 
 manual as ours, " I have no need of thee. I am no 
 scholar, and have no time to read, even if I felt the 
 desire. I do, indeed, sometimes lament my ignorance 
 and inability to understand much of what I read in 
 the papers, but it is too late for me to learn." A 
 plea of this kind confutes itself. 
 
 Our MECHANIC admits that he is often mortified at 
 his ignorance. Why then should he voluntarily re 
 main in ignorance? As to the alleged "want of 
 time," this is altogether an error. The excuse may 
 be valid in one case in ten thousand : as the odds are 
 BO great, we feel justified in never admitting its 
 validity. We will venture to assert that, almost 
 without an exception, every man, woman, and child, 
 who complains of want of time for the discharge of 
 neglected duties, can find time enough when inclina 
 tion becomes the manager. In the busiest season, 
 will not time be found for that amusement, that re 
 creation, which may be ardently desired by the one 
 who complains of being so much burdened ? We say 
 to the working man or woman, apprentice, boy, or 
 girl, determine to improve your mind, to add to your 
 stock of knowledge, and you will find time enough. In 
 time, as in money, it is neglect of the fragments 
 which consumes the store. Who could not, if so 
 disposed, save for reading one hour per day ? Not, 
 perhaps, in one term, but a few minutes here and 
 there, until the aggregate should amount to the time 
 supposed. If the working day be ten hours in length, 
 we have the following result : 
 
 One hour per day is, in a year, three hundred and 
 sixty-five hours thirty-six days and a half that is, 
 about five weeks in a year. Does not this surprise 
 you ? How much knowledge you will be possessed 
 of next year, if you devote five weeks to its acquisi 
 tion this year ! In ten years you will, at the same 
 rate, have devoted one year to reading. Here is 
 
 time enough in which to learn two languages, or to 
 read through more than one hundred volumes ! 
 
 If you say that one hour is too much time per day to 
 assume as a basis, then take half an hour, or a quarter, 
 or five minutes only, and you will see that it is still 
 worth saving. Be assured that the position you hold 
 among your neighbours, your respectability, your 
 usefulness, is mainly dependent upon the amount of 
 knowledge you possess. If you, honest shoemaker, 
 or carpenter, can tell your group of neighbours who 
 Franklin was, what Burke was distinguished for, why 
 Shakspeare is so much admired, in what year Wash 
 ington was born and when he died if you can tell 
 them about such things, when you meet with the names 
 of these or other men in the village newspaper, every 
 one of your neighbours will respect you the more for 
 your knowledge. 
 
 If you, apprentice boy you, young maiden can 
 inform your parents of the philanthropic labours of 
 a Wilberforce and a Howard, of the eloquence of a 
 Henry, a Chatham, or a Clay, of the discoveries of a 
 Davy, or a Fulton, or a Newton, be sure your know 
 ledge will "not fall to the ground." 
 
 What, indeed, intellectually considered, distin 
 guishes a man from a brute, but education ? Before 
 the genius of such men as Edmund Burke and John 
 Milton, the world has bowed in heartfelt deference ; 
 but had Burke and Milton been without education 
 had they been North American Indians, for instance, 
 what would their genius have done for them ? It 
 might have enabled them to make a better canoe, or 
 scalp more enemies, or construct handsomer wig 
 wams, than their fellows ; but if transplanted into 
 civilized life, they would, in usefulness to society, 
 have been many degrees inferior to the youth in the 
 public school. Such is the importance of knowledge, 
 which is truly "power!" Therefore, delay not to 
 acquire so inestimable a treasure ! 
 
 A recent illustration of the pecuniary advantages 
 of knowledge, may properly conclude this portion of 
 our subject. An operative in a cotton factory sub 
 scribed three dollars a year for a magazine. In this 
 periodical he found the designs of some patterns for 
 goods. He thought he could copy them did so 
 was eminently successful, and found that his three 
 dollars was a most profitable investment. Had he 
 said to the proffered magazine, as we have imagined 
 the working man to say to our manual, "I have no 
 need of thee," what a mistake he would have made ! 
 
 7. The individual who follows no particular pur 
 suit, will find a work most useful, which will enable 
 him to pass his hours of retirement in entertaining 
 improvement, and to maintain social intercourse with 
 credit and esteem. 
 
 How often are the ignorant obliged to sit by in 
 stupid silence, whilst those better informed are dis 
 cussing the merits of English and American authors, 
 of former or present days ! How many there are who 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 know nothing of English history excepting what they 
 have learned from Shakspeare, and know no more of 
 Shakspeare than they have witnessed on the stage ! 
 How many who confound Sir Isaac Newton with his 
 namesake, the excellent Bishop, and do not know the 
 difference between "rare Ben Jonson" and the dic 
 tator at Mrs. Thrale's ! 
 
 LADIES are generally better informed than the 
 other sex in these matters, but if the former 
 would abridge toilet-reviews and inordinate indulgence 
 in morning visits and evening parties, they would 
 know more, though they might gossip less. A pro 
 per regard to the reputation of their own sex, 
 should induce them to carefully peruse a volume 
 which records the classic erudition of an Elizabeth 
 Carter, the astronomical investigations of a Mary 
 Somerville, the wisdom and piety of a Hannah More, 
 the poetical genius of a Felicia Hemans, and other 
 immortal trophies of female intellect, illustrated 
 by a host of brilliant stars in the Literary Firma 
 ment. 
 
 8. All who purchase books for district and other 
 school-libraries, for their own families or for their 
 private book-case, will see the usefulness of a work 
 which will at once direct them to the BEST WOKKS 
 OF THE BEST AUTHORS. Teachers and parents will 
 have no hesitation in accepting the critical opinions 
 of the wise and good, recorded in these pages. As 
 regards the work itself, care has been taken to 
 rigorously exclude everything of an objectionable 
 character. It may be read aloud to the family 
 circle without fear of its calling a blush to the cheek 
 of modesty, or inflicting a pang upon the heart of 
 the conscientious Christian. It is proper in this con 
 nexion to remark, that whilst the literary merits of 
 writers of all classes are candidly acknowledged, and 
 no religious or irreligious peculiarities are considered 
 as sanctioning injustice to their advocates, yet a pro 
 found deference to the principles of the Christian 
 religion, and a settled disapprobation of the impieties 
 and absurdities of infidelity, are fearlessly announced. 
 If this displease any, let them be displeased. " Let 
 God be true, and every man a liar." 
 
 9. Booksellers need not be told of the importance 
 to their own interest, of encouraging the circulation 
 of a work which will tend more to the enlarged sale of 
 books than any publication which has ever appeared. 
 Several of the best known and most extensive pub 
 lishers and booksellers in the United States have 
 warmly encouraged the preparation of this volume. 
 Indeed, no intelligent bookseller who understands 
 his own business, can dispense with it as a constant 
 companion. It will enable him to point out to his 
 customer, at once, the books of which he is in quest, 
 and to show him the opinions of the most distin 
 guished critics and esteemed authorities as to their 
 merits or demerits. The application of these re 
 marks, and many of the preceding considerations, to 
 
 AUTHORS and EDITORS, whether of books or periodi 
 cals, is so obvious, that no enlargement is neces 
 sary. 
 
 It is obvious to those at all familiar with the sub 
 ject, that no work of this kind could have been pro 
 perly prepared, without an intimate acquaintance 
 with English literature, and the advantage of an ex 
 tensive private library, for constant reference and 
 consultation. It is, therefore, proper to remark, that 
 the author of THE CRITICAL DICTIONARY OP ENGLISH 
 LITERATURE, AND BRITISH AND AMERICAN AUTHORS, 
 has long applied himself to the subject, with con 
 siderable labour and zeal, and spent many years in 
 accumulating a large collection of rare and curious 
 literary treasures, in addition to the manuals gene 
 rally considered as the best authorities. We give a 
 list of some of the works which we have kept at our 
 side for consultation and guidance, though not obliged 
 to lay all of them under contribution. 
 
 The General Dictionary, Historical and Critical 
 (including Bayle), of Birch, Lockman, Sale, and 
 others. London, 1734-41, 10 vols., fol. The Bio- 
 graphia Britannica. Lon., 1747-66, 7 vols., fol. ; 
 and 1778-92, 5 vols., fol. 
 
 The English, Scotch, and Irish Historical Libra 
 ries, by Bishop Nicolson. Lon., 1776, 4to. Oldys's 
 British Librarian. Lon., 1738, 12mo. Gerard Lang- 
 baine's Account of the English Dramatic Poets. 
 Oxford, 1691, 18mo. Biographia Dramatica. Lon., 
 1812, 3 vols. in 4, 8vo. Whincop's Complete List 
 of English Dramatic Poets. Lon., 1747, 8vo. Kit- 
 son's Bibliographia Poetica. 1802, R. 8vo. Wood's 
 Athense Oxoniensis, with Additions and a Continua 
 tion by Dr. Bliss. Lon., 1813-20, 4 vols., 4to. 
 Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. Lon., 1812-16, 10 
 vols. in 9, 8vo. ; and Illustrations of the Literary 
 History of the Eighteenth Century. 7 vols., 1817-48, 
 8vo. Walpole's History of the Royal and Noble 
 Authors of England, Scotland, and Ireland, with a 
 List of their Works, enlarged and continued by 
 Thomas Park. Lon., 1806, 5 vols., 8vo. 
 
 Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica, or a General Index 
 to British and Foreign Literature. Lon., 1-824, 4 
 vols., 4to. To this excellent work we are largely 
 indebted, having drawn freely from its pages for 
 particulars of editions, &c. Some late writers have 
 affected to depreciate the value of this work, because 
 inaccuracies have not escaped the eye of the critic. 
 Having examined every article pertaining to British 
 authors (about 22,500) in the work, we consider 
 ourselves qualified to give an opinion. Errors there 
 are, and some glaring ones, which can readily be 
 excused in a work of such vast compass, yet the 
 Bibliotheca of Dr. Watt will always deserve to be 
 valued as one of the most stupendous literary monu 
 ments ever reared by the industry of man. As stated 
 elsewhere, we have included in our work every 
 British author noticed by Dr. Watt; yet his work 
 
8 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 can by no means be dispensed with by the biblio 
 grapher. We continue our enumeration of authori 
 ties. 
 
 Dibdin's Typographical Antiquities ; or The His 
 tory of Printing in Great Britain, enlarged on Ames 
 and Herbert. Lon., 1810-19, 4 vols., 4to. Dibdin's 
 Bibliographical Decameron. Lon., 1817, 3 vols., 8vo. 
 Dibdin's Library Companion. Lon., 1825, 8vo. Dib 
 din's Bibliomania, or Book Madness. 2d edit., Lon., 
 1842, R. 8vo. Dibdin's Greek and Roman Classics. 
 4th edit., Lon., 1827, 2 vols., imp. 8vo. Dibdin's 
 Reminiscences of a Literary Life. Lon., 1836, 2 vols., 
 8vo. Dibdin's Director ; a Literary Journal. Lon., 
 1807, 2 vols., 8vo. 
 
 Sir Egerton Brydges's (assisted by Haslewood and 
 others) Censura Literaria, containing Titles, Ab 
 stracts, and Opinions of Old English Books, &c. 2d 
 edit., Lon., 1815, 2 vols., 8vo. ; The British Biblio 
 grapher, Lon., 1810-14, 4 vols., 8vo. ; Restituta; or 
 Titles, Extracts, and Characters of Old English Lite 
 rature, revived, Lon., 1814-16, 4 vols., 8vo.; Brydges's 
 edition of Phillips's Theatrum Poetarum Anglicano- 
 rum. Rev. Thomas Hartwell Home's Introduction 
 to the Study of Bibliography. Lon., 1814, 2 vols., 
 8vo. Manual of Biblical Bibliography. Lon., 1839, 
 8vo. Bibliotheca Anglo-Poetica. Lon., 1815, R. 8vo. 
 Schlosser's History of the 18th Century and part of 
 the 19th, trans, by D. Davidson. Lon., 1844-52, 8 
 vols., 8vo. Dr. Drake's Shakspeare and his Times. 
 Lon., 1817, 2 vols., 4to. ; Memorials of Shakspeare, 
 and other works of this elegant and useful writer. 
 Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual. Lon., 1834, 4 
 vols., 8vo. Lowndes's British Librarian, or Book 
 Collector's Guide, 1839, &c., 8vo. Mackenzie's 
 Lives and Characters of the most eminent Writers 
 of the Scots Nation. Edin., 1708-22, 3 vols., fol. 
 Stark's Biographia Scotica. Edin., 1805, 32mo. 
 Biographia Scoticana. Leith, 1816, 8vo. Aikin's 
 and Johnston's General Biography. Lon., 1799-1815, 
 10 vols., 4to. The New Biographical Dictionary. 
 Lon., 1798, 15 vols., 8vo. Chalmers's Biographical 
 Dictionary. Lon., 1812-17, 32 vols., 8vo. New 
 (Rose's) Biographical Dictionary. Lon., 1848, 12 
 vols., 8vo. Gorton's Biographical Dictionary. Lon., 
 1851, 4 vols. (with supplement) 8vo. 
 
 Biographic Universelle. Biographie Universelle, 
 Ancienne et Moderne. Manuel du Libraire et de 
 ]' Amateur de Livres ; par Jacques-Charles Brunet, 
 Quatrieme edition. Paris, 1842-4, 5 vols., imp. 8vo. 
 Bibliotheque Universelle des Voyages ; par G. Boucher 
 De La Richarderie. Paris, 1808, 6 vols., 8vo. Bib- 
 liographie Biographique, par Edouard-Marie Oct- 
 tinger. Leipsic, 1850, imp. 8vo. Bibliotheca Ame 
 ricana Nova, &c., by 0. Rich. Lon., 1832-35, 46, 
 3 vols., 8vo. 
 
 D'Israeli's Miscellanies of Literature. Lon., 1840, 
 R. 8vo. Curiosities of Literature. Lon., 1840, R. 
 8vo. Arvine's Cyclopaedia of Moral and Religious 
 Anecdotes, Boston, 8vo. ; Anecdotes of Literature 
 
 and the Fine Arts. Boston, 1852, imp. 8vo. Dr. 
 Jamieson's CyclopEedia of Religious Biography. Lon., 
 1853, 12mo. Keddie's Cyclopaedia of Literary and 
 Scientific Anecdote. Lon., 1854, 12mo. Thackeray's 
 English Humourists of the 18th Century. N. York, 
 
 1853, 12mo. Neele's Lectures on English Poetry. 
 Lon., 12mo. Rev. A. Hume's Learned Societies and 
 Printing Clubs. Lon., 1853, 12mo. Thomas Camp 
 bell's Essay on English Poetry, with Notices of the 
 British Poets. Lon., 1848, 12mo. Madden's In 
 firmities of Genius. Lon. 1833, 2 vols., 12mo. 
 Brougham's Lives of Men of Letters and Science 
 temp. George III. Phila., 1845, 12mo. Dr. John 
 son's Lives of the English Poets. Lon., 1850, 18mo. 
 Boswell's Life of Johnson, edited by Croker. Lon., 
 1848, R. 8vo. Lockhart's Life of Scott. Edin., 
 1844, R. 8vo. Moore's Life of Lord Byron. N. York, 
 
 2 vols., R. 8vo. Prior's Life of Burke. Boston, 
 
 1854, 2 vols., 12mo. The Works and Correspondence 
 of Burke. Lon., 1852, 8 vols., 8vo. Forster's Life 
 and Adventures of Oliver Goldsmith. Lon., 1848, 
 12mo. The London Anecdotes. Lon., 32mo. Berk- 
 enhout's Biographia Literaria. Lon., 1777, 4to. 
 Bickersteth's Christian Student. Lon., 1844, 12mo. 
 Men of the Time. N. York, 1852, 12mo., and Lon., 
 1853, 12mo. Williams's Christian Preacher. Lon., 
 1843, 12mo. Stevenson's Discovery, Navigation, and 
 Commerce. Edin., 1824, 8vo. Marvin's Legal Bib 
 liography. Phila., 1847, R. 8vo. Allen's American 
 Biographical and Historical Dictionary. Boston, 
 1832, 8vo. Encyclopedia Americana, 14 vols. R. 
 W. Griswold's Prose Writers of America, 4th edit., 
 Phila., 1852, R. 8vo. ; Poets and Poetry of America, 
 Phila., 1852, R. 8vo. ; Female Poets of America, 2d 
 edit., Phila. 1853, R. 8vo. Rev. Dr. Blake's Bio 
 graphical Dictionary. Boston, 8th edit., 1853, R. 
 8vo. Cleveland's Compendium of English Literature. 
 Phila., 1852, 12mo. ; English Literature of the 19th 
 Century. 1853, 12mo. Fuller's Worthies of Eng 
 land, by Nuttall. Lon., 1840, 3 vols., 8vo. Poole's 
 Index to Periodical Literature. N. York, 1853, R. 
 8vo. Cunningham's Biographical History of Eng 
 land. Lon. and Edin., 1852, 8 vols., 8vo. Warton's 
 History of English Poetry. Lon., 1840, 3 vols., 8vo. 
 The Georgian Era. Lon., 1832-34, 4 vols., 12mo 
 Ellis's Specimens of the Early English Poets. 1845, 
 
 3 vols., 12mo. The Living Authors of England. 12mo. 
 A Manual of British Historians to A. D. 1600. 
 Aikin's, &c., British Poets. Phila., 1842-5, 3 vols., 
 8vo. Professor Wm. Smyth's Lectures on Modern 
 History, edited by Jared Sparks. Boston, 1851, 8vo. 
 Middleton's Biographia Evangelica. Lon., 1816, 4 
 vols., 8vo. The Life and Correspondence of Robert 
 Southey. N. York, 1851, 8vo. Ryan's Poetry and 
 Poets. Lon., 1826, 3 vols. 12mo. Moir's Poetical 
 Literature of the Past Half-Century. Edin., 1851, 
 12mo. Macaulay's History of England. Phila., 1851, 
 2 vols., 12mo. Bell's Lives of the English Poets. 
 Lon., 1839, 2 vols., 12mo. J. Collier's Poetical De- 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 9 
 
 cameron. Lon., 1820, 2 vols. 12mo. Hallam's Lite 
 rary History of Europe. 3d edit, Lon., 1847, 8 vols. 
 8vo. Andrews's History of Great Britain and Europe. 
 Lon., 1794, 4to. Henry's and Andrews's do. Lon., 
 14 vols., 8vo. Christian Civilization. Lon., 1850, 
 12mo. Ellis's Letters of Eminent Literary Men. 
 Lon., 1843, 8vo. Headley's Beauties of Ancient 
 English Poetry. 1810, 12mo. Ballard's Memoirs 
 of British Ladies. Lon., 1775, 8vo. Timpson's 
 British Female Biography. Lon., 1846, 12mo. Mrs. 
 Sarah Josepha Bale's Woman's Record. N. York, 
 1853, R. 8vo. The Works, Life and Letters of Charles 
 Lamb, by Talfourd. N. York, 1852, 2 vols., 12mo. 
 The Metrical Miscellany. Lon., 1802, 8vo. Aikin's 
 Letters on English Poetry. Lon., 1804, 18mo. The 
 Muse's Mirrour. Lon., 1778, 2 vols., 12mo. Jacob's 
 Account of English Poets. 1720, 2 vols., 12mo. Biog- 
 graphiana. Lon., 1799, 2 vols., 8vo. Warburton's 
 Letters to Hurd. N. York, 1809, 8vo. Biographical 
 Dictionary. Lon., 1809, 32mo. A Universal Biogra 
 phical Dictionary. Hartford, 1847, 12mo. McClure's 
 Translators Revived. 1853, 12mo. Maunder's Bio 
 graphical Treasury. Lon., 1847, 12mo. Hand Book 
 of Universal Biography, by Parke Godwin. N. York, 
 1852, 12mo. Bellchambers's Biographical Dictionary. 
 Lon., 1835, 4 vols., 32mo. Rich's Cyclopaedia of 
 Biography. Lon. and Glasg., 1854, 8vo. Bingley's 
 Biographical Conversations. Lon., 1821, 12mo. 
 Ritson's Ancient Popular Poetry. Lon., 1833, 12mo. 
 Anecdote Library. Lon., 1822, sm. 4to. Anecdotes 
 of Books and Authors. Lon., 1836, 18mo. Seward's 
 Anecdotes of Distinguished Persons. Lon., 1804, 
 8vo. Anecdotes of Polite Literature. Lon., 1764, 
 6 vols., 18mo. Letters of Anna Seward. Lon., 1811, 
 6 vols., 18mo. Biographical Magazine. Lon., 1791, 
 8vo. Granger's Biographical History of England, 
 with Noble's Continuation. Lon., 1806-24, 9 vols., 
 8vo. Letters between Granger and some Literary 
 Men. Lon., 1815 ; 8vo. Percy Anecdotes. N. York, 
 1839, 8vo. Dr. King's Political and Literary Anec 
 dotes. Boston, 1819, 12mo. Davis's Olio of Lite 
 rary and Bibliographical Anecdotes. Lon., 1814,' 
 12mo. Anecdotes of Hogarth, by Nichols. Lon., 
 1785, 12mo. Reminiscences of Henry Angelo. Lon., 
 1830, 2 vols., 8vo. Barker's Literary Anecdotes. 
 Lon., 1852, 2 vols., 8vo. Professional Anecdotes, or 
 Ana of Medical Literature. Lon., 1825, 3 vols., 12mo. 
 Watkins's Characteristic Anecdotes. Lon., 1808, 8vo. 
 Oxberry's Dramatic Biography. Lon., 1825-27, 6 
 vols., 18mo. Dutensiana. Lon., 1806, 5 vols., 18mo. 
 Anecdotes of the Life of Bishop Watson, 1818, 2 vols., 
 8vo. Almon's Biographical, Political, and Literary 
 Anecdotes. 1797, 3 vols., 8vo. Blagdon's Flowers 
 of Literature. Lon., 1805-8, 4 vols., 12mo. Life 
 of Sir Samuel Romilly. Lon., 1842, 2 vols., 12mo. 
 Craik's Literature and Learning in England, Lon., 
 1844-5, 6 vols., 18mo. ; Pursuit of Knowledge under 
 Difficulties, Lon., 1845-7, 4 vols., 18mo. Oxberry's 
 Flowers of Literature, or Encyclopaedia of Anecdotes. 
 
 Lon., 1821, 4 vols., 18mo. Sir John Harrington's 
 Nugse Antiquae, edited by Thomas Park. Lon., 1804, 
 2 vols. 8vo. The British Plutarch. Lon., 1791, 8 
 vols., 12mo. Taylor's Modern British Plutarch. N. 
 York, 1846, 12mo. Hazlitt's Miscellanies. Phila., 
 1848, 5 vols., 12mo. Weber's Metrical Romances. 
 Lon., 1810, 3 vols., 8vo. Tuckerman's Character 
 istics of Literature. Phila., 1849-51, 2 vols., 12mo. 
 Oxford Prize Poems. Oxford, 1806, 12mo. Hip- 
 pesley's Early English Literature. Lon., 1837, 12mo. 
 Collier's English Dramatic Poetry. Lon., 1831, 3 
 vols. 12mo. Ryan's Biographia Hibernica. Lon., 
 1826, 2 vols., 8vo. Gilfillan's Modern Literature. 
 N. York, 1850, 12mo. Lives of Scottish Poets. Lon., 
 1821, 3 vols., 18mo. Sacred Poetry of the 17th 
 Century. Lon., 1836, 2 vols., 18mo. Memoirs of 
 Physicians. Lon., 1818, 8vo. England's Worthies, 
 by John Vickars. Lon., 1845, 12mo. De Quincey's 
 Works. Boston, 1851, 7 vols. 12mo. Pegge's Anony- 
 miana. Lon., 1809, 12mo. Dodsley's Collection of 
 Poems. Lon., 1770, 6 vols., 12mo. Eminent Lite 
 rary and Scientific Men of Great Britain. Lon., 
 1836, 5 vols., 18mo. Beloe's Sexagenarian, or Re 
 collections of a Literary Life. Lon., 1817, 2 vols,, 
 8vo. Fifty Years Recollections of an Old Bookseller. 
 Lon., 1837, 8vo. Aikin's Lives of Selden and Usher. 
 Lon., 1832, 8vo. Necrology. Lon., 1805, 8vo. 
 Lectures on English Poets, by Percival Stockdale. 
 Lon., 1807, 2 vols., 8vo. Lives of Eminent Persons. 
 Lon., 1833, 8vo. Graduates of Oxford, 1659-1726. 
 Oxf., 1727, 8vo. Evans's Essays on Song Writing. 
 Lon., 1810, 12mo. Introduction to Literary History 
 of 14th and 15th Centuries. Lon., 1798, 8vo. Alve's 
 Sketches of a History of Literature. Edin., 1794, 
 8vo. Cooper's Muse's Library. Lon., 1741, 12mo. 
 Gems of Epistolary Correspondence, by Willmott. 
 Lon., 1846, 8vo. Memoirs of Dr. Parr, by R. W. 
 Field. Lon., 1828, 2 vols., 8vo. Aikin's Life of Ad- 
 dison. Lon., 1843, 2 vols., 12mo. Wild's Memoirs 
 of Dean Swift. Dubl., 1849, 8vo. Sir Egerton 
 Brydges's Autobiography. Lon., 1834, 2 vols., 8vo. 
 Poynder's Literary Extracts. Lon., 3 vols., 8vo. 
 Records of Literature, by C. Taylor. Lon., 1808, 2 
 vols., 8vo. Critical Observations on Books. Lon., 
 1783, 2 vols., 8vo. English Puritan Divines. Lon., 
 18mo. Southey's Lives of Uneducated Poets. Lon., 
 1836, 12mo. Imitations of Celebrated Authors 
 Lon., 1844, 12mo. Byrn's Book of 1000 Anecdotes. 
 Boston, 1853, 12mo. Newbery's Art of Poetry. 
 Lon., 1762, 18mo. The Lounger's Commonplace 
 Book. Lon., 1805-7, 4 vols., 8vo. Smyth's Bio 
 graphical Illustrations of Westminster Abbey. Lon., 
 1843, 8vo. Memoirs of Lady Hester Stanhope. Lon., 
 1846, 3 vols., 12mo. Southey's Specimens of the 
 Later English Poets. Lon., 1807, 3 vols., 12mo. 
 Burnett's Specimens of English Prose Writers. Lon., 
 1813, 3 vols., 12mo. Kettel's Specimens of American 
 Poetry. Boston, 1829, 3 vols., 12mo. Lempriere's 
 Universal Biographical Encyclopaedia, by Lord. N. 
 
10 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 T., 1825, 2 -vols., 8vo. Testamenta Vetusta, by 
 Nicolas. Lon., 1826, 2 vols., 8vo. Mills's Literature, 
 &c., of Great Britain, etc. N. Y., 1851, 2 vols., 8vo. 
 Readings in Poetry. Lon., 1853, 18mo. Readings 
 in English Prose Literature. Lon., 1849, 18mo. 
 Readings in Biography. Lon., 1852, 18mo. Wat- 
 kins's Biographical Dictionary. Lon., 1807, 8vo. 
 Life and Letters of Thomas Campbell, by Dr. Beattie. 
 N. Y., 1850, 2 vols., 12mo. Goodrich's Popular 
 Biography. N. Y., 1852, 12mo. Autobiography of 
 Leigh Hunt. N. Y., 1850, 2 vols., 12mo. Men, 
 Women, and Books, by Leigh Hunt. N. Y., 1847, 2 
 vols., 12mo. Cambridge Prize Poems. Camb., 1808, 
 2 vols., 12mo. Mitford's Recollections of a Literary 
 Life. N. Y., 1850, 12mo. Howitt's Homes and 
 Haunts of the British Poets. N. Y., 1851, 2 vols., 
 12mo. The Literati, by Edgar A. Poe. N. Y., 1850, 
 12mo. 
 
 J. P. Collier's Shakespeare's Library. Lon., 1850, 
 2 vols., 8vo. Shakesperiana, by Wilson. Lon., 
 1827, 12mo. Shakesperiana, by Halliwell. Lon., 
 1841, 8vo. Shakspeare's Himself Again, by A. 
 Becket. Lon., 1812, 2 vols., 8vo. The Confessions 
 of W. H. Ireland. Lon., 1805, 12mo. Remarks on 
 Collier's and Knight's editions of Shakespeare, by 
 Rev. Alex. Dyce. Lon., 1844, 8vo. Douce's Illus 
 trations of Shakespeare. Lon., 1839, 8vo. Mrs. 
 Montague's Essay on Shakespear. Lon., 1770, 18mo. 
 Shakspere and His Times. By Geo. Tweddell. Lon., 
 1852, 18mo. Galerie des Femmes de Shakespeare. 
 Paris, 2 vols., R. 8vo. Shakspeare's Genius Justified, 
 by Z. Jackson. Lon., 1819, 8vo. Miscellaneous 
 Papers, etc., of Shakspeare, by Saml. Ireland. Lon., 
 1796, 8vo. J. P. Collier's Notes and Emendations 
 to the Text of Shakespeare's Plays. N. Y. 1853, 
 12mo. Shakspeare and His Times, by M. Guizot. 
 N. Y., 1852, 12mo. Knight's Biography of Shake 
 speare ; Studies of Shakespeare. Lon., 1851, 2 vols. 
 8vo. An Essay on the Learning of Shakespeare, by 
 Dr. R. Farmer. Lon., 1821, 12mo. Becket's Dra 
 matic Miscellanies, edited by Dr. Beattie. Lon., 
 1838, 2 vols. 8vo. Malone's Inquiry into the Authen 
 ticity of the Ireland Shakespeare MS. Lon., 1796, 
 8vo. Halliwell's Life of Shakespeare. Lon., 1848, 
 8vo. Hunter's New Illustrations of Shakespeare. 
 Lon., 1845, 2 vols. 8vo. Hudson's Lectures on 
 Shakespeare. N. Y., 1848, 2 vols., 12mo. Chal 
 mers's Supplemental Apology relative to the Ireland 
 Shakespeare MS. Fairhold's Home of Shakspere. 
 Lon., 1847, 18mo. Essays on Shakespeare's Fal- 
 staff, etc. Lon., 1789, 18mo. Traditionary Anec 
 dotes of Shakespeare. Lon., 1838, 12mo. Collier's 
 Reasons for a New Edition of Shakespeare's Works. 
 Lon., 1842, 8vo. Ireland's Vindication relative to 
 the Supposed Shakespeare MSS. 
 
 Biographia Britannica Literaria. Anglo-Saxon 
 Period, by Thos. Wright, M. A. Anglo-Norman Pe 
 riod, by Thos. Wright, M. A. Lon., 1842-46, 2 vols., 
 8vo. (See Introduc.) The Clergy of America, by 
 
 Dr. Belcher. Phila., 1848, 12mo. J. Pye Smith's 
 First Lines of Christian Theology, edited by Wm. 
 Farrar. Lon., 1854, 8vo. Lodge's Portraits and 
 Memoirs of Illustrious Personages of Great Britain. 
 Lon., 1840, 10 vols., imp. 8vo. Eccleston's Eng 
 lish Antiquities. Lon., 1847, 8vo. Chambers's 
 Cyclopaedia of English Literature. Edin., 1844, 2 
 vols., imp. 8vo. Shaw's Outlines of English Litera 
 ture. Phila., 1852, 12mo. Spalding's History of 
 English Literature, N. Y., 1853, 12mo. Py croft's 
 Course of English Reading. Lon., 1850, 12mo. 
 Bibliotheque Ame"ricaine, par H. Ternaux. Paris, 
 1837, 8vo. Ludewig's Literature of American Local 
 History. N. Y., 1846, 8vo. Goodhugh's Library 
 Companion. Lon., 1827, 8vo. Literary and Mis 
 cellaneous Memoirs, by J. Cradock. Lon., 1828, 4 
 vols., 8vo. Literary Recollections, by Rev. Richard 
 Warner. Lon., 1830, 2 vols., 8vo. Effigies Poeticse. 
 Lon., 1824, 8vo. Chalmers's Poetic Remains of some 
 of the Scottish Kings. Lon., 1824, 12mo. Upcott's 
 Biographical Dictionary of Living Authors. Lon., 
 1816, 8vo. Dr. Williams's American Medical Bio 
 graphy. Greenfield, 1845, 8vo. Diary and Letters 
 of Madame D'Arblay. Lon., 1842-6, 7 vols., 12mo. 
 Willis's Pencillings by the Way. N. Y., 1852, 12mo. 
 Rowton's Female Poets of Great Britain. Lon., 
 1848, 12mo. The Poetry and Poets of Great Britain. 
 Edin., 1850, 12mo. Modern British Essayists. 
 Phila., 1848, etc., 8 vols., 8vo. Physiognomical 
 Portraits. Lon., 1823, 2 vols., imp. 8vo. The Mir 
 ror for Magistrates. Lon., 1815, 3 vols., 4to. War 
 ren's Introduction to Law Studies. Lon., 1845, 
 12mo. Dr. Goodrich's British Eloquence. N. Y., 
 1852, 8vo. Diary and Correspondence of Saml. Pepys, 
 4th edit., 1854, 4 vols., R. 8vo. Diary and Corres 
 pondence of John Evelyn. 1850, 4 vols., 8vo. Diary 
 and Correspondence of Ralph Thoresby. Lon., 1830, 
 4 vols. 8vo. Miss Strickland's Lives of the Queens 
 of England. Lon., 1853, 8 vols., R. 8vo. Gibbon's 
 Miscellaneous Works, by Lord Sheffield. Lon., 1837, 
 8vo. Chronicles of the Crusades. Lon., 1848, 12mo. 
 Ellis's Metrical Romances, edited by Halliwell. 1848, 
 12mo. Schlegel's Lectures, on Dramatic Art and 
 Literature. Lon., 1846, 8vo. Southey's Doctor. 
 Lon., 1849, 8vo. ; do. Common Place Book. Park's 
 Pantology. Phila., 1841, 8vo. Life and Corres 
 pondence of Lord Jeffreys. Phila., 1852, 2 vols., 
 8vo. Collier's Roxburghe Ballads. Lon., 1847, 
 12mo. Hone's Works. Lon., 4 vols., 8vo. Whip- 
 pie's Essays and Reviews. Boston, 1851, 2 vols. 
 12mo. Whipple's Lectures. 1850, 12mo. Giles's 
 Lectures and Essays. Boston, 1850, 3 vols., 12mo. 
 The Poetical Register. Lon., 1805, etc., 8 vols., 
 12mo. Timperley's Encyclopaedia of Literature and 
 Typographical Anecdote. Lon., 1839, 8vo. Savage's 
 Librarian. Lon., 1808, 3 vols., 8vo. Johnson's 
 Typographia. Lon., 1824, 2 vols., 8vo. Beloe'a 
 Anecdotes of Literature and Scarce Books. Lon., 
 1814, 6 vols., 8vo. Moss's Classical Bibliography. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 11 
 
 Lon., 1837, 2 vols., 8vo. The Book Rarities of the 
 University of Cambridge. Lon., 1829, 8vo. Fry's 
 Bibliographical Memoranda. Bristol, 1816, sm. 4to. 
 Alphabetical Register of Authors, by Reuss. Berlin, 
 1791. Buckingham's Reminiscences. Boston, 1852, 
 2 vols., 12mo. Munsell's Typographical Miscellany. 
 Albany, 1850, 8vo. Soanes's New Curiosities of 
 Literature. Lon., 1849, 2 vols., 12mo. Encyclo- 
 psedia Britannica. 7th edit., 24 vols., Lon., 1842, 
 etc., 4to. Matthias's Pursuits of Literature. Lon., 
 1812, R. 4to. Spence's Anecdotes. 1820, imp. fol. 
 Blair's Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres, 4to. 
 Collier's Great Historical and Poetical Dictionary. 
 Lon., 1701, etc., 3 vols., fol. Harleian Miscellany. 
 Lon., 1744-6, 8 vols., 4to. Platt's Universal Bio 
 graphy. Lon., 1826, 5 vols., 8vo. Gentleman's Maga 
 zine, 1731-1854, about 220 vols. Universal Maga 
 zine, 1747-1803, 112 vols. London Monthly Review, 
 1749-1842, about 225 vols. Edinburgh Review, 
 1802-1854, 104 vols. London Retrospective Review, 
 1820-8, 16 vols. London Quarterly Review, 1809-1854, 
 96 vols. Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, 1817-1854. 
 Littell's Living Age. Also the London Literary Ga 
 zette ; London Athenaeum ; North British Review ; 
 Westminster Review ; Edinburgh Annual Register ; 
 London Christian Observer ; London Monthly Reposi 
 tory ; British Magazine ; London Notes and Queries ; 
 and a large collection of bibliography, including 
 catalogues of many of the most celebrated English 
 libraries, from Dr. Mede's to Dawson Turner's. 
 
 The reader will observe that only those works have 
 been named which profess to record biographical or 
 bibliographical information. It is hardly necessary 
 to say, that in a city like Philadelphia, the author 
 has not been restricted to his own library, for the 
 purpose of literary research ; although the above list, 
 perhaps, evinces some zeal in the collection of appro 
 priate works. It is, however, proper to state that 
 the Critical Dictionary now submitted to the public, 
 
 IS BY NO MEANS A MERE SERVILE COMPILATION FROM 
 
 EXISTING: AUTHORITIES. Great pains and much time 
 have been devoted to the sifting of statements, the 
 comparison of opposing records, and the authentica 
 tion of dates. 
 
 The many errors to be found in compilations of 
 this character, are partly attributable to the fact, that, 
 in most instances, a number of editors, often without 
 unity of counsel, have combined their labours in the 
 production of one work. Yet the advantages of such 
 combination in a compendium of general biography, 
 are too great to be sacrificed to the hope of perhaps 
 unattainable perfection. But it is believed that a 
 work of the character now presented to the public, 
 restricted to one class authors and British and 
 American authors only, can be better prepared by 
 one editor than by many. In such unions, each co- 
 labourer brings to the common stock, preconceived 
 partialities and antipathies, and a scientific or lite 
 rary esprit du corps, which can hardly be reconciled 
 
 without mutual concessions, and compromises, of 
 which the public must bear the cost. That this is 
 no picture of the imagination, the literary reader will 
 bear us witness. In this work, the author has declined 
 many proffers of assistance, in order that he might 
 pursue his own plans without interruption, and feel, 
 as he added stone after stone to the edifice, that the 
 literary monument, when erected, would be the work 
 of his own hands. 
 
 Whilst thus claiming all responsibility which at 
 taches to the preparation of this volume, we have 
 pleasure in expressing our obligations to the nume 
 rous correspondents in Great Britain and America 
 who have furnished us information respecting their 
 own literary biography or that of other writers. If 
 we have not always profited by the well-meant sug 
 gestions of our advisers, it must be remembered in 
 our defence that he alone who, from the advantages 
 of his position, can take in at one survey the mate 
 rials of which he is to compose his edifice, can intelli 
 gently judge as to the best disposition of the parts 
 and the most suitable style of architecture. 
 
 With regard to those matters in which the author 
 has been obliged to adjudicate the opposing ver 
 sions connected with biographical and literary details 
 he claims no infallibility, and must expect to en 
 counter occasional dissent. Yet a timely caution 
 against hasty and superficial criticism, may save 
 mortification to that class of commentators who so 
 often excite commiseration by mistaking crude specu 
 lations, and the rash confidence of unconscious igno 
 rance, for the results of learned investigation, and 
 the modest assurance of intelligent deliberation. 
 When such critics feel disposed to charge us with 
 error, from our want of coincidence with their pre 
 conceived opinions, it will be only modest to ask 
 themselves, if it be quite certain that they are right, 
 and ourselves in the wrong? Unless the disputed 
 question be one within their own personal knowledge 
 which it, of course, seldom can be their charge 
 of error at our door, can only mean that they prefer 
 fcome opposing version to that which they criticise ; 
 but may not their authority have been the subject 
 of our consideration, also? have been carefully 
 scrutinized, and deliberately rejected ? We may 
 not, indeed, explicitly refer to the dictum to which 
 our critic so deferentially bows, for it is impossible 
 in our limited space to give aught but the conclu 
 sions of our researches, but this omission affords 
 no proof of our ignorance of such opposing authori 
 ties. Whatever may be the faults and imperfections 
 of our work, we prefer to fall into the hands of the 
 learned, who can appreciate both merits and defects, 
 rather than trust to the tender mercies of the lite 
 rary charlatan, whose commendation and censure are 
 alike worthless. 
 
 It is not the erudite bibliographer, for instance, 
 who will object to the introduction into a work of 
 this kind, of the many brief articles of a few lines 
 
12 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 in some cases only one line -which will be found 
 scattered up and down on our pages. Those who 
 estimate the usefulness of an article by its length, 
 would banish those short records from our volume ; 
 but the intelligent critic will reply, with Dr. Johnson, 
 that all knowledge tends to profit, and that " it is of 
 use to a man only to know that there is such a place 
 as Kamschatka." 
 
 The result of an important lawsuit, the adjustment 
 of a disputed boundary, the settlement of a weighty 
 literary controversy, may often depend upon the 
 knowledge of the title, or date, of a book to be found 
 in the conclusion of a "paltry line," ridiculed by the 
 ignorant for its brevity. And as regards the com 
 parative value of information, each reader can judge 
 for himself, but no one can prescribe for his fellow. 
 The few lines devoted to the consideration of an anti 
 quarian tract, which you grudge from the poetical 
 article which precedes them, will be valued by some 
 neighbouring "Oldbuck" above all the poetry since 
 the days of Homer. Whilst to spread a repast which 
 shall satisfy the appetite of all, is a consummation 
 
 beyond the ambition even of a literary Lucullus, yet 
 the author hopes that each guest will here find some 
 refreshment which will reward him for his delay, 
 and perhaps strengthen him anew for the journey of 
 human life. 
 
 In conclusion, we would once more labour to im 
 press upon our readers the duty of the zealous pur 
 suit of those paths of learning and science which 
 lead to usefulness, happiness, and honour. Be not 
 dismayed by the apparently unattractive character 
 of much of the scenery through which you must pass. 
 Persevere ; and distaste will soon yield to pleasure, 
 and repugnance give place to enjoyment. An ever 
 present and influential sense of the importance of 
 the goal, will do wonders in overcoming the diffi 
 culties of the way. To those Israelites whose hearta 
 fainted for a sight of their beloved Temple, the sands 
 of the desert, and the perils of the road, presented 
 no obstacles which their energy and their faith could 
 not surmount. The arid "Valley of Baca" to them 
 became a well for, in the beautiful language of the 
 Psalmist, ",The rain also filleth the pools." 
 
 TO THE READER. 
 
 IT will be observed that the limit of the Literary 
 History contained in this work is stated to be " The 
 Middle of the Nineteenth Century." Our pages, how 
 ever, bear constant evidence of researches carried 
 down to the day of publication ; and in many cases 
 we have felt at liberty to announce literary enter 
 prises which may not see the light until long after 
 our own labours have been submitted to the public. 
 
 1. As regards the places of publication of the works 
 enumerated in this Dictionary, it will be understood 
 that the place affixed to the first book noticed in an 
 article applies also to all the books which occur 
 before the mention of another place in the same 
 article. There are some exceptions to this rule, (it 
 is not known, for instance, where some books were 
 
 printed,) but the bibliographer the only one likely 
 to be curious in such matters will know where to 
 look for the details which our limits forbid us to 
 introduce. 
 
 2. It will be understood that the fact of the publi 
 cation of Sermons properly suggests (in this Dic 
 tionary) the prefix Rev. to the name of the author, 
 save in the few cases where such productions are 
 from the pens of laymen, which fact is always 
 stated in the article. 
 
 3. At the end of the Dictionary the reader will 
 find forty copious Indexes of subjects, by the means 
 of which he can at once refer to all the authors who 
 have written upon any given department of letters. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, September, 1864. 
 
f ntokttion t0 wl$ (feglisj fitoarg psfarjf, 
 
 WITH 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES OF PROMINENT AUTHORS AND THEIR WORKS, 
 
 FROM A.D. 500 TO A.D. 1850, 
 AND 
 
 for a fern ml tfttglisj gkafomjj* 
 
 READING is that art by which I am enabled to avail 
 myself of the recorded wisdom of mankind. 
 
 As the results of Deliberation, the achievements 
 of Enterprise, the conclusions of Judgment, and the 
 excursions of Fancy, have, to a large extent, been 
 recorded by the pen and diffused by the Press, each 
 individual may profit by the labour of others, and, 
 without diminishing the common stock, be enriched 
 from the Public Treasury of Intellectual Wealth. 
 We have already enlarged upon the duty of mental 
 acquisition, and to this effect shown the necessity of 
 careful selection, that we may not waste valuable 
 time, which should be devoted to mental and moral 
 improvement, in the perusal of that which is unpro 
 fitable, perhaps positively injurious, in its tendency. 
 (See PREFACE.) So anxious are we to make a durable 
 impression upon the mind of the reader, that we shall 
 reenforce the arguments we have already urged to 
 induce him to become a diligent student, by the cita 
 tion of some weighty opinions as to the value of good 
 books, and the inestimable rewards attendant upon 
 literary research and intellectual cultivation. 
 
 That eccentric philosopher, ROBERT BURTON, after 
 a review of the various devices which are used to ex 
 orcise the "foul fiend," Melancholy, thus continues: 
 
 " But amongst those exercises, or recreations of the mind 
 within doors, there is none so general, so aptly to be ap 
 plied to all sorts of men, so fit and proper to expel idleness 
 and melancholy, as that of STUDY: Studia senectutem ob- 
 lectant, ad olescentiam alunt, secundas res ornant, adversis 
 perfugium et solatium praebant, domi delectant, &c. [Study 
 is the delight of old age, the support of youth, the orna 
 ment of prosperity, the solace and refuge of adversity, the 
 comfort of domestic life, Ac.] ; find the rest in Tully pro 
 
 Archia Poeta Who is he that is now wholly 
 
 overcome with idleness, or otherwise involved in a laby 
 rinth of worldly care, troubles, and discontents, that will 
 not be much lightened in his mind by reading of some en 
 ticing story, true or feigned, where, as in a glass, he shall 
 observe what our forefathers have done ; the beginnings, 
 ruins, falls, periods of commonwealths, private men's ac 
 tions, displayed to tfce life, <fcc.? Plutarch therefore calls 
 
 them, secundas mensas et bellaria, the second course and 
 junkets, because they were usually read at noblemen's 
 feasts. Who is not earnestly affected with a passionate 
 speech, well penned, an elegant poem, or some pleasant 
 bewitching discourse, like that of Heliodorus, ubi oblectatio 
 qucedam placide fuit, cum hilaritate conjuncta f Julian, 
 the Apostate, was so taken with an oration of Libanius, 
 the sophister, that, as he confesseth, he could not be quiet 
 till he had read it all out. Legi orationem tuum magna 
 ex parte, hesterna die ante prandium, pransus vero sine ulla 
 intermissione totam absolvL argumenta ! composi- 
 tionem ! [I read a considerable part of your speech before 
 dinner, but after I had dined I finished it completely. Oh 
 what arguments, what eloquence!] .... To most kind 
 of men it is an extraordinary delight to study. For 
 what a world of books offers itself, in all subjects, arts and 
 sciences, to the sweet consent and capacity of the reader ! 
 .... credi mihi (saith one) extingui dulce erit Mathe- 
 maticarum artium studio, I could even live and die with 
 such meditations, and take more delight, true content of 
 mind in them, than thou hast in all thy wealth and sport, 
 
 tow rich soever thou art The like pleasure there 
 
 is in all other studies, to such as are truly addicted to 
 them ; ea euavitas (one holds) ut cum quis ea degustave- 
 rit, quasi poculis Circeis captus, non possit unquam abillis 
 divelli; the like sweetness, which as Circe's cup bewitcheth 
 a student, he cannot leave off, as well may witness those 
 many laborious hours, days and nights, spent in the vo 
 luminous treatises written by them ; the same content. 
 . . . . Whoever he is therefore, that is overrun with 
 solitariness, or carried away with pleasing melancholy and 
 vain conceits, and for want of employment knows not how 
 to spend his time, or crucified with worldly care, I can pre 
 scribe him no better remedy than this of study, to compose 
 
 himself to the learning of some art or science 
 
 So sweet is the delight of study, the more learning they 
 have, the more they covet to learn, and the last day is 
 prioris discipulus." 
 
 " If I were not a King, I would be a University man ; 
 and if it were so that I must be a prisoner, if I might have 
 my wish, I would desire to have no other prison than that 
 library, and to be chained together with so many good 
 authors, et mortuis magister." Speech of JAMES I. : Visit 
 to the Bodleian Library, 1605. 
 
 13 
 
14 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 "I no sooner come into the library, but I bolt the doo 
 to me, excluding lust, ambition, avarice, and melancholy 
 herself, and in the very lap of eternity, amongst so many 
 divine souls, I take my seat with so lofty a spirit and swee 
 content, that I pity all our great ones, and rich men tha 
 know not this happiness." HEINSIUS, Keeper of the Li 
 brary at Ley den : Epist. Primiero. Vide BURTON'S Anato 
 Vty of Melancholy. 
 
 The reader will find in D'!SRAELI'S Curiosities of 
 Literature an imitation of RANTZAU'S classical address 
 to his books Salvete aureoli mei libelli, &c. : 
 
 " Golden volumes ! richest treasures ! 
 Objects of delicious pleasures! 
 You my eyes rejoicing please, 
 You my hands in rapture seize ! 
 Brilliant wits, and musing sages, 
 Lights who beam'd through many ages ; 
 Left to your conscious leaves their story, 
 And dared to trust you with their glory ; 
 And now their hope of fame achieved, 
 Dear volumes ! you have not deceived !" 
 
 The friends of the recluse of Vaucluse apologized 
 to him for the length of time between their visits : 
 
 " It is impossible for us to follow your example : the life 
 you lead is contrary to human nature. In winter, you sit 
 like an owl, in the chimney corner. In summer, you are 
 running incessantly about the fields." 
 
 PETRARCH smiled at these observations : 
 
 "These people," said he, "consider the pleasures of the 
 world as the supreme good, and cannot bear the idea of 
 renouncing them. I have FRIENDS, whose society is ex 
 tremely agreeable to me : they are of all ages, and of every 
 country. They have distinguished themselves both in the 
 cabinet and in the field, and obtained high honours for 
 their knowledge of the sciences. It is easy to gain access 
 to them ; for they are always at my service, and I admit 
 them to my company, and dismiss them from it, whenever 
 I please. They are never troublesome, but immediately 
 answer every question I ask them. Some relate to me the 
 events of past ages, while others reveal to me the secrets 
 of nature. Some teach me how to live, and others how to 
 die. Some, by their vivacity, drive away my cares and ex 
 hilarate my spirits, while others give fortitude to my mind, 
 and teach me the important lesson how to restrain my de 
 sires, and to depend wholly on myself. They open to me, 
 in short, the various avenues of all the arts and sciences, 
 and upon their information I safely rely, in all emergencies. 
 In return for all these services, they only ask me to accom 
 modate them with a convenient chamber in some corner 
 of my humble habitation, where they may repose in peace: 
 for these friends are more delighted by the tranquillity of 
 retirement, than with the tumults of society." 
 
 Is not this an exquisite picture of the mine of 
 boundless wealth, of the unfailing luxurious repast, 
 which that man possesses who has a taste for Read 
 ing and Study ? 
 
 "Bookes lookt on as to their Readers or Authours, do at 
 the very first mention, challenge Preheminence above the 
 Worlds admired fine things. Books are the Qlasse of 
 Counsell to dress ourselves by. They are lifes best busi 
 ness : Vocation to these hath more Emolument coming in, 
 than all the other busie Termes of life. They are Feelesse 
 Counsellours, no delaying Patrons, of easie Accesse, and 
 kind Expedition, never sending away empty any Client or 
 Petitioner. They are for Company, the best Friends ; in 
 doubts, Counsellours ; in Damp, Comforters ; Time's Per 
 
 spective ; the home Traveller's Ship, or Horse, the busie 
 man's best Recreation, the Opiate of Idle weariness ; the 
 mind's best Ordinary j Nature's Garden and Seed-plot of 
 Immortality. Time spent (needlessly) from them, is con 
 sumed, but with them, twice gain'd. Time captivated and 
 snatched from thee, by Incursions of business, Thefts of 
 Visitants, or by thy own Carelessnesse lost, is by these, re 
 deemed in life ; they are the soul's Viaticum ; and against 
 death its Cordiall. In a true verdict, no such Treasure aa 
 a Library." 
 
 Good old Bishop HALL is eloquent on the same 
 theme : 
 
 MEDITATION ON THE SIGHT OF A LARGE LIBRARY. 
 
 " What a world of thought is here packed up together ! 
 I know not whether this sight doth more dismay, or com 
 fort me. It dismays me to think that here is so much that 
 I cannot know ; it comforts me to think that this variety 
 
 affords so much assistance to know what I should 
 
 What a happiness is it, that without the aid of necromancy, 
 I can here call up any of the ancient worthies of learning, 
 whether human or divine, and confer with them upon all 
 my doubts ; that I can at pleasure summon whole synoda 
 of reverend fathers and acute doctors from all the coasts 
 of the earth, to give their well-studied judgments in all 
 doubtful points which I propose. Nor can I cast my eye 
 casually upon any of these silent masters, but I must learn 
 somewhat. It is a wantonness to complain of choice. No 
 law binds us to read all ; but the more we can take in and 
 digest, the greater will be our improvement. 
 
 " Blessed be God, who hath set up so many clear lamps 
 in his church: none but the wilfully blind can plead dark 
 ness. And blessed be the memory of those, his faithful 
 servants, who have left their blood, their spirits, their lives 
 in these precious papers ; and have willingly wasted them 
 selves into these enduring monuments to give light to 
 others." 
 
 ' BOOKS, as Dryden has aptly termed them, are specta 
 cles to read Nature. Eschylus and Aristotle, Shakspeare, 
 and Bacon, are Priests who preach and expound the mys 
 teries of Man and the Universe. They teach us to under 
 stand and feel what we see, to decipher and syllable the 
 hieroglyphics of the senses." HARE. 
 
 The advice of Lord BACON to Chief Justice COKE 
 should be pondered by every one desirous of mental 
 improvement: 
 
 ' For Friends, although your Lordship be scant, yet I 
 hope you are not altogether destitute ; if you be, do but 
 ook upon good BOOKS : they are true Friends, that will 
 neither flatter nor dissemble : be you but true to yourself, 
 applying that which they teach unto the party grieved, and 
 you shall need no other comfort nor counsel. To them, 
 and to God's Holy Spirit directing you in the reading of 
 them, I commend your Lordship." 
 
 'Let us consider how great a commodity of doctrine 
 exists in books ; how easily, how secretly, how safely they 
 expose the nakedness of human ignorance, without putting 
 t to shame. These are the masters who instruct us with 
 out rods and ferrules, without hard words and anger, with 
 out clothes or money. If you approach them, they are not 
 asleep ; if investigating you interrogate them, they conceal 
 nothing ; if you mistake them, they never grumble j if you 
 are ignorant, they cannot laugh at you." RICHARD DB 
 BURY : Philobiblian. 
 
 " Books are not absolutely dead things, but do contain a 
 rogenyof life in them, to be as active as that soul was, 
 vhose progeny they are ; nay, they do preserve, as in a 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 15 
 
 vial, the purest efficacy and extraction of that living intel 
 lect that bred them. I know they are as lively and as 
 vigorously productive as those fabulous dragon's teeth; 
 and, being sown up and down, may chance to spring up 
 armed men. As good almost to kill a man, as kill a good 
 book : who kills a man, kills a reasonable creature God's 
 image ; but he who destroys a good book, kiUs reason it 
 selfkills the image of God, as it were, in the eye. Many 
 a man lives a burden to the earth ; but a good book is the 
 precious life-blood of a master-spirit, embalmed and trea 
 sured up on purpose to a life beyond life." JOHN MILTON. 
 
 " Here is the best solitary company in the world, and in 
 this particular, chiefly excelling any other, that in my study 
 I am sure to converse with none but wise men ; but abroad 
 it is impossible for me to avoid the society of fools. What 
 an advantage have I, by this good fellowship, that, besides 
 the help which I receive from hence, in reference to my 
 life after this life, I can enjoy the life of so many ages be 
 fore I lived ! That I can be acquainted with the passages 
 of three or four thousand years ago, as if they were the 
 weekly occurrences. Here, without travelling so far as 
 Endor, I can call up the ablest spirits of those times, the 
 learnedest philosophers, the wisest counsellors, the greatest 
 generals, and make them serviceable to me. I can make 
 bold with the best jewels they have in their treasury, with 
 the same freedom that the Israelites borrowed of the Egyp 
 tians, and, without suspicion of felony, make use of them 
 as mine own." SIR WILLIAM WALLER : Meditation upon 
 the Contentment I have in my Hooks and Study. 
 
 " That place that does 
 Contain my books, the best companions, is 
 To me a glorious court, where hourly I 
 Converse with the old sages and philosophers ; 
 And sometimes for variety, I confer 
 With kings and emperors, and weigh their counsels, 
 Calling their victories, if unjustly got, 
 Unto a strict account; and in my fancy, 
 Deface their ill-placed statues. Can I then 
 Part with such constant pleasures, to embrace 
 Uncertain vanities ? No : be it your care 
 To augment a heap of wealth ; it shall be mine 
 To increase in knowledge." FLETCHER. 
 
 " Books should to one of these four ends conduce, 
 For wisdom, piety, delight, or use." DENHAM. 
 
 "To divert, at any time, a troublesome fancy, run to thy 
 BOOKS. They presently fix thee to them, and drive the 
 other out of thy thoughts. They always receive thee with 
 the same kindness." FULLER. 
 
 " It is manifest that all government of action is to be got 
 ten by knowledge, and knowledge, best, by gathering many 
 knowledges, which is BEADING." SIR PHILIP SIDNEY. 
 
 "Education begins the gentleman, but READING, good 
 company, and reflection, must finish him." LOCKE. 
 
 "Books are part of man's prerogative; 
 In formal ink they thought and voices hold, 
 That we to them our solitude may give, 
 And make time present travel that of old. 
 Our life, Fame pieceth longer at the end, 
 And Books it farther backward doth extend." 
 
 SIR THOMAS OVERBITRY. 
 
 " Knowledge of Books in a man of business, is as a torch 
 in the hands of one who is willing and able to show those 
 who are bewildered the way which leads to prosperity and 
 welfare." Spectator. 
 
 " Like friends, we should return to Books again and 
 
 again ; for, like true friends, they will never fail us, never 
 cease to instruct, never cloy." Joineriana. 
 
 " Books are standing counsellors and preachers, always 
 at hand, and always disinterested ; having this advantage 
 over oral instructors, that they are ready to repeat their 
 lesson as often as we please." ANON. 
 
 " In England, where there are as many new books pub- 
 lished, as in all the rest of Europe put together, a spirit of 
 freedom and reason reigns among the people ; they have 
 been often known to act like fools, they are generally found 
 
 to think like men An author may be considered aa 
 
 a merciful substitute to the legislature. He acts not by 
 punishing crimes, but by preventing them." GOLDSMITH. 
 
 " Next to acquiring good friends, the best acquisition is 
 that of good books." COLTON. 
 
 "Young men should not be discouraged from buying 
 books : much may depend upon it. It is said of Whiston, 
 that the accidental purchase of Tacquet's own Euclid at an 
 auction, first occasioned his application to, mathematical 
 studies." Biography of Whiston. 
 
 " The foundation of knowledge must be laid by reading. 
 General principles must be had from books ; which, how 
 ever, must be brought to the test of real life. In conver 
 sation, you never get a system. What is said upon a 
 subject, is to be gathered from a hundred people. The 
 parts which a man gets thus, are at such a distance from 
 each other, that be never attains to a full view." DR. 
 SAMUEL JOHNSON. 
 
 " Books are men of higher stature, 
 
 And the only men that speak aloud for future times to hear." 
 ELIZABETH B. BARRETT. 
 
 " The past but lives in words ; a thousand ages 
 Were blank, if books had not evoked their ghosts. 
 And kept the pale unbodied shades to warn us 
 From fleshless lips." E. L. BULWER. 
 
 " It is books that teach us to refine our pleasures when 
 young, and which, having so taught us, enable us to recall 
 them with satisfaction when old." LEIGH HUNT. 
 
 " Were I to pray for a taste which should stand me in 
 stead under every variety of circumstances, and be a source 
 of happiness and cheerfulness to me during life, and a 
 shield against its ills, however things might go amiss, and 
 the world frown upon me, it would be A TASTE FOR READ 
 ING. Give a man this taste, and the means of gratifying 
 it, and you can hardly fail of making him a happy man ; 
 unless, indeed, you put into his hands a most perverse 
 selection of Books. You place him in contact with the best 
 society in every period of history, with the wisest, the 
 wittiest, the tenderest, the bravest, and the purest characters 
 who have adorned humanity. You make him a denizen 
 of all nations, a contemporary of all ages. The world has 
 been created for him !" SIR JOHN HERSCHEL: Address at 
 the Opening of the Eton Library, 1833. 
 
 " In the best Books great men talk to us, with us, and 
 give us their most precious thoughts. Books are the voices 
 of the distant and the dead. Books are the true levellers. 
 They give to all who will faithfully use them, the society 
 and the presence of the best and greatest of our race. No 
 matter how poor I am; no matter, though the prosperous 
 of my own time will not enter my obscure dwelling; if 
 LEARNED MEN AND POETS will enter and take up their 
 abode under my roof if MILTON will cross my threshold 
 to sing to me of Paradise; and SHAKSPEARE open to me 
 the worlds of imagination, and the workings of the human 
 heart; and FRANKLIN enrich me with his practical wisdom, 
 
16 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 I shall not pine for want of intellectual companionship, 
 and I may become a cultivated man, though excluded from 
 what is called the best society in the place where I live. 
 .... I know how hard it is to some men, especially to 
 those who spend much time in manual labour, to fix atten 
 tion on Books. Let them strive to overcome the difficulty, 
 by choosing subjects of deep interest, or by reading in 
 company with those they love. Nothing can supply the 
 place of BOOKS. They are cheering or soothing compa 
 nions in solitude, illness, affliction. The wealth of both 
 continents would not compensate for the good they impart. 
 Let every man, if possible, gather some good BOOKS under 
 his roof, and obtain access for himself and family to some 
 social Library. Almost any luxury should be sacrificed to 
 this." WILLIAM ELLERY CHANNING: Self -Culture. 
 
 " If the crowns of all the kingdoms of Europe were laid 
 down at my feet in exchange for my Books and my love of 
 Reading, I would spurn them all." ARCHBISHOP FENELON. 
 
 "A taste for Books is the pleasure and glory of my 
 life. I would hot exchange it for the glory of the Indies." 
 EDWARD GIBBON. 
 
 And now, gentle reader, having evoked so many 
 of the "mighty and the noble, "who, gathering around 
 thee, a "cloud of witnesses," have sought to stimu 
 late thy ambition by pointing to the " ample page of 
 knowledge, rich with the spoils of time," let me hope 
 that a spirit hath been aroused within thee which, 
 will induce thee to enter in and possess the wealth 
 of the land : a goodly heritage is before thee ; and 
 like the chosen people of old, thou shalt be enriched 
 by the labours of thy predecessors, and rejoice in 
 abundance of good. 
 
 But if thy heart tells thee that thou hast no taste 
 for these delights, if thou still preferrest sensuous 
 pleasures, if " divine philosophy, though musical as 
 is Apollo's lute," be harsh and crabbed to thy appre 
 hension, and the harp and the viol of earthly banquets 
 allure thee, and thou be of those who "rejoice at the 
 Bound of the organ," the ceremonies of bravery and 
 the trappings of courts, " the pomp of heraldry and 
 the boast of power," put by this volume, and go thy 
 way. Thy stolidity is impregnable ; array thyself 
 with the cap and bells, and engage thy passage in 
 Barclay's Shyp of Foyls (q. nom.) : thy " talk is of 
 bullocks," and of such the Son of Sirach says : 
 
 " They shall not be sought for in public council, nor sit 
 high in the congregation : they shall not sit on the judges' 
 seat, nor understand the sentence of the judgment : they 
 cannot declare justice and judgment; and they shall not 
 be found where parables are spoken All their de 
 sire is in the work of their craft." 
 
 The History of England, as connected with a review 
 of English Literature, may be divided into six terms. 
 
 1. The British Period : from the earliest times to the 
 
 Roman Invasion, B. C. 55. 
 
 2. The Roman Period, B. C. 55, A. D. 449. 
 
 3. The Anglo-Saxon Period, A. D. 449, A. D. 1066. 
 
 4. The Anglo-Norman Period : from the invasion of 
 
 William the Conqueror, A. D. 1066, to the acces 
 sion of Henry the Third, A. D. 1216. 
 
 6. From the accession of Henry III., A. D. 1216, to 
 the accession of Elizabeth, A. D. 1558. 
 
 6. From the accession of Elizabeth, A. D. 1558, to the 
 middle of the nineteenth century. 
 
 In this division we have not adhered to the classifi 
 cation of some preceding writers, but we trust that 
 we have not innovated without sufficient excuse. The 
 death of Stephen de Langton, in 1228, coincides so 
 nearly with the accession of Henry III. in 1216, that 
 the synchronism offers a convenient boundary for the 
 Anglo-Norman period. The reign of Henry III. ia 
 likewise historically memorable as that which wit 
 nessed the shooting forth of that feeble germ (the 
 popular element) which has now become so great a 
 tree, that the Throne and the Altar, which once ob 
 structed its growth, now repose only in safety under 
 its branches. 
 
 The advent of the English doctrinal Reformation 
 cannot well be dated before the accession of Elizabeth, 
 and the literary lustre of that reign affords a strong 
 argument for its being adopted as a boundary between 
 the servility of the Latin period, and the vigorous 
 adolescence of the English tongue. We need hardly 
 explain that we use these terms respectively, in a 
 chronological and philological acceptation, without 
 any reference to the intellectual calibre of the writers 
 of these epochs. 
 
 In the earliest times of which we have any record, 
 we find the Celts, Cymry, Welsh, or Britons, the in 
 habitants of the British isles. The origin of the early 
 population is involved in obscurity. The theory pro 
 pounded by the Welsh priest, Tysilio, in the seventh 
 century, and gravely alleged by Edward I., in his let 
 ter to Boniface, in the fourteenth, that the inhabit 
 ants of the southern part of Britain were descended 
 from the Trojans, is now generally discredited by 
 antiquaries. Of conjectures, of course, there is no 
 end ; and we have Aylett Sammes, contending for 
 the Phoenician origin of the first colonizers of Bri 
 tain and Ireland ; Sir William Betham, who insists 
 upon awarding the priority of occupation to the Picts, 
 or Cimbri of antiquity, and many other theories as 
 ingenious as they are incapable of demonstration. 
 
 Of the language of this people we know but little : 
 
 "Though the Britains or Welch were the first possessors 
 of this island whose names are recorded, and are therefore 
 in civil history always considered as the predecessors of 
 the present inhabitants ; yet the deduction of the English 
 language, from the earliest times of which we have any 
 knowledge, to its present state, requires no mention of 
 them : for we have so few words which can, with any pro 
 bability, be referred to British roots, that we justly regard 
 the Saxons and Welch, as nations totally distinct." DR. 
 SAMUEL JOHNSON. 
 
 " The language of Britain differed very little from that 
 of the Gaul. Some of the British tribes seem to have come 
 from Celtic, and others from Belgic, Gaul ; but it is proba 
 ble, as indeed Strabo distinctly assures us, that the Celts 
 and the Belgians spoke merely two slightly differing dia 
 lects of the same tongue. The evidence of the most ancient 
 names of localities throughout the whole of South Britain 
 confirms this account ; everywhere these names appear to 
 belong to one language, and that the same which is still 
 spoken by the native Irish, and the Scotch Highlanders ; 
 the latter of whom call themselves, to this day, Gaels or 
 Gauls." History of England. 
 
 The English language is a branch of the Teutonic, 
 or Gothic, which is the mother-tongue of many dia 
 lects now prevailing in several of the countries of 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 17 
 
 Europe. Dr. Hickes gives the following genealogical 
 table : 
 GOTHIC. 
 
 Anglo-Saxon, Francick, 
 Dutch, German, 
 Frisick, 
 English, 
 
 Cimbrick, 
 Islandick, 
 Norwegian, 
 Swedish, 
 Danish. 
 
 " What was the form of the Saxon language when, about 
 the year 450, they first entered Britain, cannot now he 
 known. They seem to have been a people without learn 
 ing, and very probably without an alphabet; their speech, 
 therefore, having been always cursory and extemporaneous 
 must have been artless and unconnected, without any 
 modes of transition or involution of clauses ; which abrupt 
 ness and inconnection may be observed even in their later 
 writings. This barbarity may be supposed to have con 
 tinued during their wars with the Britain*, which for 
 time left them no leisure for softer studies ; nor is there 
 any reason for supposing it abated till the year 570, when 
 Augustine came from Rome to convert them to Christianity. 
 The Christian religion always implies or produces a certain 
 degree of civility and learning; they then became by de 
 grees acquainted with the Roman language, and so gained, 
 from time to time, some knowledge and elegance, till in 
 three centuries they had formed a language capable of ex 
 pressing all the sentiments of a civilized people, as appears 
 by King Alfred's paraphrase in imitation of Boethius, and 
 his short preface, which I have selected as the first speci 
 men of ancient English." DR. SAMUEL JOHNSON. 
 
 About 1150, the Saxon began to take the form 
 which was gradually moulded to the proportions of 
 the modern English, though not without a most im 
 portant admixture of other elements. After the Nor 
 man conquest, many Saxon words became obsolete, 
 and Latin and French shoots were from time to time 
 grafted upon the present stock, until in the fourteenth 
 and fifteenth centuries it began to assume the form of 
 modern English. Yet Gower and Chaucer are more of 
 a task than a pleasure to the ordinary English reader. 
 
 "Nothing can be more difficult than to determine, except 
 by an arbitrary line, the commencement of the English 
 language; not so much, as in those of the continent, be 
 cause we are in want of materials, but rather from an 
 opposite reason the possibility of tracing a very gradual 
 accession of verbal changes that ended in a change of de 
 nomination. For when we compare the earliest English 
 of the thirteenth century with the Anglo-Saxon of the 
 twelfth, it seems hard to pronounce why it should pass for 
 a separate* language, rather than a modification or simpli 
 fication of the former. We must conform, however, to 
 usage, and say that the Anglo-Saxon was converted into 
 English 1, by contracting, or otherwise modifying, the 
 pronunciation and orthography of words ; 2, by omitting 
 many inflections, especially of the noun, and consequently 
 making more use of articles and auxiliaries ; 3, by the 
 introduction of French derivations ; 4, by using less inver 
 sion and ellipsis, especially in poetry. Of these, the second 
 alone, I think, can be considered as sufficient to describe a 
 new form of language ; and this was brought about so 
 gradually, that we are not relieved of much of our difficulty, 
 whether some comp9sitions shall pass for the latest offspring 
 of the mother, or the earliest fruit of the fertility of the 
 daughter." HALLAM. 
 
 That eminent philologer, Dr. WEBSTER, has been 
 
 taken to task for asserting at the conclusion of some 
 quotations from the Laws of Kings ^Ethelbert and 
 Eadgar, that "we observe by these extracts that 
 rather more than half the Saxon words have been 
 lost, and now form no part of our language." 
 The Dr. subsequently remarks : 
 
 " Mr. Meidinger of Frankfort, in the Introduction to his 
 Etymological and Comparative Dictionary of the Teuto- 
 Grothic Languages, notices this observation of mine, respect 
 ing the proportion of Saxon words which have been lost, 
 and then states the opinion of Mr. Turner, that more than 
 four-fifths of the words in modern English are of Saxon 
 origin. This difference in the two statements proceeds 
 from a circumstance overlooked. My statement refers only 
 to the actual proportion of Saxon words retained in the 
 vocabulary, which is probably less than half of the whole 
 number of words in the language. Mr. Turner's state 
 ment refers to the proportion of Saxon words actually used 
 in our common language, which is, doubtless, as great as 
 he represents it. The words of Saxon origin are the more 
 necessary words ; such as are wanted in all the common 
 concerns of life ; and therefore in use they compose the 
 body of the language." Introduction to Webster's Eng 
 lish Dictionary. 
 
 It will be observed that we do not profess to enter 
 into the learning of philological investigation, or to 
 discuss the many modern dissertations upon this in 
 teresting department of study. Such a departure 
 from our plan would be altogether unjustifiable. The 
 reader who desires to pursue this subject will find 
 valuable guides in the prefaces and introductions to 
 JOHNSON'S, WEBSTER'S, and RICHARDSON'S Diction 
 aries, and in the works of LYE, BOSWORTH, THORPE, 
 PEOGE, PAYNE, CLARK, WELSFORD, HARRISON, LA 
 THAM, SAVAGE, MACLEAN, MARCET, &c. 
 
 Having taken a hasty review of the language, we 
 now proceed to the examination of the literature of 
 our ancestors. 
 
 The first two periods of our classification the 
 British and the Koman afford nothing to arrest our 
 attention : 
 
 " Whatever existed in those remote times deserving the 
 name of learning or scientific knowledge, never having 
 been committed to writing, and having consequently pe 
 rished with the general subversion of the order of things 
 then established, cannot be regarded as having been even 
 
 he beginning or rudimental germ of that which we now 
 possess. The present literary civilization of England dates 
 
 ts commencement only from the Saxon period, and not 
 
 rom a very early point in that." 
 
 The first name in the catalogue of Anglo-Saxon 
 writers is that of GILDAS, said by William of Malms- 
 bury and Johannes Glastoniensis, to have died A,D. 
 512, which early date is inconsistent with other state 
 ments in which his name occurs. Gildas is repre 
 sented to have been a zealous missionary, the son of 
 Cam or Ken, a British king, who reigned in the dis 
 trict of Alcluyd, (Dumbarton.) To this writer, ia 
 ascribed, by Bede, a tract (in Latin) on British His 
 tory under the Romans, and during the Saxon inva- 
 ion, &c. This work de Excidio B-ritannicce is chiefly 
 sompiled from Roman writers. Giraldus Carabren- 
 is mentions the epigrams of Gildas ; and Geoffrey 
 f Monmouth, John Brompton, and Bale, ascribe 
 
18 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 theological and other treatises to this author. So far 
 are we removed from certainty on these questions, 
 that whilst some contend for two of the name, others 
 deny that Gildas is any thing more than a fabulous 
 personage. 
 
 We may remark, in pursuing our subject, that it 
 will be unnecessary for us to enter here into any his 
 torical details of the writers we shall mention; as 
 those of any importance will be treated of in the 
 L body of this work. 
 
 The reader should carefully peruse the Biographia 
 Britannica Literaria, Anglo-Saxon Period, 1 vol., 
 Lon., 1842 ; Anglo-Norman Period, 1 vol., Lon., 1846, 
 by that eminent scholar, Thomas Wright, A. M., 
 Corresponding Member of the Institute of France, 
 (Academic des Inscriptions et Belles- Lettres,) published 
 
 under the superintendence of the Council of the 
 Royal Society of Literature. To these works we 
 have been largely indebted for our notices of the 
 writers of this early age, and have had so much con 
 fidence in Mr. Wright's accuracy, that we have in 
 corporated large portions of his sketches of eminent 
 authors, as Bede, Alfred, Neckham, &c., into our 
 work, without notice of other authorities upon the 
 same subjects. This is the only case in which we 
 have so closely followed our authority ; of course 
 credit has been given to Mr. Wright at the conclusion 
 of the articles, for the matter thus borrowed. We 
 shall increase our obligations to this learned gentle 
 man by presenting the reader with the following 
 tables of the writers of the Anglo-Saxon and Anglo- 
 Norman periods, extracted from the Biog. Brit. Lit. : 
 
 ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD. 
 
 A. IT. 
 
 A. D. 
 
 A. D. 
 
 530-600. Gildas. 
 
 V40. Acca, 
 
 g| 
 
 fl. 956. Fridegode. 
 
 Nennius. 
 
 732. Albinus, 
 
 CD 
 
 984. Ethelwold. 
 
 St. Columbanus. 
 
 739. Nothhelm, 
 
 | 
 
 988. Dunstan. 
 
 Died 709. Wilfred. 
 
 745. Daniel, 
 
 ^ 
 
 992. Oswald. 
 
 690. Benedict Biscop. 
 
 740. Ethelwald, 
 
 .3 
 
 974. Aio. 
 
 c. 680. Caedmon. 
 
 after 737. Forthhere, 
 
 2. 
 
 988. Fulbertus. 
 
 704. Adamnan. 
 
 after 731. Hwebert, 
 
 
 
 gl 
 
 Bricstan. 
 
 705. Haeddi, or Hedda. 
 
 Plegwin, 
 
 
 
 -*> 
 
 fl. 980. Lantfredus. 
 
 709. Aldhelm. 
 
 Withred, 
 
 a? 
 
 fl. 990. Wolstan. 
 
 c. 718. Egwin. 
 
 Cuthbert, J p* 
 
 fl. 980. Bridferth. 
 
 720. Eddius Stephanus. 
 
 797. Ethelbert. 
 
 fl. 990. Alfric of Malmsbury. 
 
 721. John of Beverley. 
 
 Ethelwolf. 
 
 1006. Alfric of Canterbury. 
 
 716. Ceolfrid. 
 
 Dicuil. 
 
 Adalard. 
 
 729. Egbert. 
 
 868. Swithun. 
 
 1051. Alfric Bata. 
 
 721. Eadfrith. 
 
 877. Neot. 
 
 1008. Cynewulf, or Kenulf. 
 
 726. Tobias. 
 
 901. King Alfred. 
 
 1023. Wulfstan. 
 
 731. Berctwald. 
 
 910. Asser. 
 
 fl. 1010. Oswald, I g 
 
 734. Tatwine. 
 
 923. Plegmund. 
 
 1038. Ethelnoth, 
 
 fl. 730. Felix. 
 
 915. Werferth. 
 
 fl. 1020. Haymo of York, [ $ 
 
 738. Wilbrord. 
 
 897. Denewulf. 
 
 1054. Haymo of Canter- -' 
 
 735. Bede. 
 
 903. Grimbald. 
 
 bury, J 2 
 
 766. Egbert of York. 
 
 John the "mass-priest." 
 
 1047. Withman. 
 
 758. Cuthbert of Canterbury. 
 
 877. Joannes Scotus. 
 
 fl. 1066. Folchard. 
 
 755. Boniface (Winifrid). 
 
 Hucarius. 
 
 1077. Hereman. 
 
 787. Willibald. 
 
 Ercombert. 
 
 1086. Giso. 
 
 689. Willehad. 
 
 Aldred the Glossator. 
 
 1098. Gotselin. 
 
 804. Alcuin. 
 
 961. Odo, archbishop of Can 
 
 fl. 1090. Ethelward. 
 
 763. Frithwald. 
 
 terbury. 
 
 1095. Wulstan. 
 
 Died 1089. Lanfranc. 
 
 c. 1076. Guy, bishop of Amiens, 
 fl. 1082. Gerland. 
 
 1095. Robert, bishop of Here 
 
 ford. 
 
 1096. William, bishop of Dur 
 
 ham. 
 
 ANGLO-NORMAN PERIOD. 
 
 1098. Osmund, bishop of Sa 
 lisbury. 
 
 1100. Thomas, archbishop of 
 
 York. 
 c. 1100. Osbern of Canterbury. 
 
 1109. Ingulf. 
 
 1107. Godfrey of Winchester. 
 
 fl. 1100. Lucian of Chester. 
 1102. Ssewulf. 
 1108. Gundulf. 
 1108. Gerard, archbishop of 
 York. 
 
 MINOR WRITERS OF THE ELEVENTH CENTURY. 
 
 fl. 1082. Sulcard. 
 1096. Ricemarchus. 
 
 Hemming, sub-prior of 
 Worcester. 
 
 Hammelinus of Veru- 
 
 lam. 
 1113. Colman. 
 
 Alwin, or Ailwin. 
 
 1117. Faritius. 
 
 Leofric of Brun. 
 Warnier, or Gamier. 
 Johannes Grammaticug. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 A. D. 
 
 1109. Anselm. 
 1135. King Henry I. 
 
 1110. William of Chester. 
 
 1114. Gilbert Crispin. 
 
 1115. Turgot. 
 
 1118. Florence of Worcester. 
 
 1119. Herebert, bishop of Nor 
 
 wich. 
 
 A. D. 
 
 1112. Reginald of Canter 
 bury. 
 
 1124. Ernulph, bishop of Ro 
 chester. 
 
 1124. Eadmer. 
 
 1134. Stephen Harding. 
 
 1120. Philip de Thaun. 
 
 A. D. 
 
 fl. 1124. Roger Infans. 
 
 Hilarius. 
 
 fl. 1120. Athelard of Bath, 
 fl. 1129. Simeon of Durham. 
 1134. Gilbert, bishop of Lon 
 don (Universalis.) 
 1137. Ailmer. 
 
 MINOR WRITERS OP THE REIGN or HENRY I. 
 
 1122. Radulph, bishop of Ro 
 chester. 
 
 1124. Nicholas, prior of Wor 
 cester. 
 
 fl. 1120. Geoffrey of Llandaff. 
 fl. 1120. Benedict of Gloucester. 
 
 after 1143. Ordericus Vitalis. 
 fl. 1143. Robert de Retines. 
 Turold. 
 Everard. 
 
 Helys of Winchester. 
 Samson de Nanteuil. 
 
 1151. Geoffrey of Burton, 
 fl. 1140. Robert of Salop. 
 
 fl. 1150. Robert le Poule. 
 fl. 1143. Richard of Hexham. 
 fl. 1170. John of Hexham. 
 fl. 1159. Robert of Cricklade. 
 
 1166. Ailred of Rievaux. 
 
 fl. 1165. Reginald of Durham. 
 1164. Hugh, abbot of Read 
 ing. 
 
 1167. Robert de Melun,bishop 
 
 of Hereford. 
 
 fl. 1168. William of Peterbo 
 rough. 
 
 1170. Thomas Becket, arch 
 bishop of Canterbury, 
 after 1171. Wace. 
 
 fl. 1170. Radulph de Dunstable. 
 fl. 1170. William of St. Alban's. 
 
 fl. 1120. David, bishop of Ban- 
 
 gor. 
 1129. Gilbert, archdeacon of 
 
 Buckingham. 
 1146. Geoffrey, abbot of St. 
 
 Alban's. 
 
 Guiscard, or Guichard 
 
 de Beaulieu. 
 
 fl. 1140. William of Malmsbury. 
 1154. Geoffrey of Monmouth. 
 fl. 1148. Gaimar. 
 
 David, 
 fl. 1150. Alfred of Beverley. 
 
 MINOR WRITERS UNDER STEPHEN. 
 
 fl. 1140. Nicholas of St. Al 
 ban's. 
 
 fl. 1170. John of Cornwall, 
 fl. 1170. Gervase of Chichester. 
 fl. 1170. Roger of Hereford, 
 fl. 1170. Alfred the Philosopher, 
 fl. 1174. Jordan Fantosme. 
 fl. 1175. Odo of Kent, 
 fl. 1175. Odo de Cirington. 
 fl. 1160. Roger of Salisbury. 
 
 1175. Daniel de Merlai. 
 
 1180. John of Salisbury. 
 
 1180. Adam du Petit Pont. 
 
 1184. Girard'du Pucelle. 
 
 1186. Bartholomew, bishop of 
 
 Exeter. 
 
 fl. 1184. John de Hauteville. 
 fl. 1185. Jocelin of Furness. 
 fl. 1180. Benoit de Sainte-Maur. 
 
 1114. Thomas of Bayeux, 
 archbishop of York. 
 
 1140. Thurstan, archbishop 
 of York. 
 
 1112. Stephen of Whitby. 
 
 fl. 1150. Osbern of Gloucester. 
 1154. Laurence of Durham. 
 
 c. 1154. Caradoc of Lancarvan. 
 after 1154. Henry of Huntingdon, 
 after 1154. William de Conches, 
 after 1155. Hugo Candidus. 
 
 1146. William of Rievaux. 
 
 Richard of Worcester. 
 
 fl. 1180. Clement of Lanthony. 
 fl. 1180. Robert of Bridlington. 
 fl. 1180. Herebert of Boshana. 
 1188. Gilbert Foliot. 
 1186. Robert Foliot. 
 1190. Ranulph de Glanville. 
 bef. 1195. Richard of Ely. 
 1174. Thomas of Ely. 
 
 Gervase of Tilbury. 
 1193. Richard, bishop of Lon 
 don. 
 1190. Baldwin, archbishop of 
 
 Canterbury. 
 Walter Mapes. 
 Robert de Borron. 
 Luces de Gast. 
 
 MINOR WRITERS OF THE REIGN OP HENRY II. 
 
 Serlo. 
 
 Daniel Church, 
 fl. 1170. Thomas of Beverley. 
 
 Gualo. 
 
 fl. 1160. Adalbert of Spalding. 
 Radulph, monk of West 
 minster, 
 fl. 1170. Walter Daniel. 
 
 Hugo Soteevagina. 
 1177. Walter the Gramma 
 rian. 
 
 fl.1180. Odo, abbot of Mure- 
 mund. 
 
 fl. 1185. William the astrono 
 mer. 
 
 Richard, abbot of Foun 
 tains. 
 
 Albericus de Vere. 
 fl. 1160. William de Wycumb. 
 
 Thomas of Monmouth. 
 
 Nicholas, monk of Dur 
 ham. 
 
 Osbert of Clare. 
 
 Samson, monk of Can 
 terbury. 
 
 fl. 1171. Robert of Glastonbury. 
 
 Henry of Saltrey. 
 1176. Laurence, abbot of 
 
 Westminster. 
 1180. Adam the Scot. 
 Roger of Forde. 
 fl. 1180. Walter, monk of St. 
 
 Alban's. 
 fl. 1180. Philip, prior of St. Fri- 
 
 deswith's. 
 
 1191. Adam, abbot of Eves- 
 ham. 
 
20 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 A. D. 
 
 1199. King Richard Coeur de 
 
 Lion. 
 1175. Gu ernes du Pont de St. 
 
 Maxence. 
 Bozun, or Boson. 
 Herman. 
 
 Hugh de Rutland. 
 Thomas. 
 
 Philip de Reimes. 
 Maurice and Peter de 
 
 Craom. 
 
 Renaud de Hoilande. 
 Simon du Fresne. 
 1186. Nigellus Wireker. 
 1193. Benedict of Peterbo 
 rough. 
 
 A. D. 
 
 fl. 1192. Richard of Devizes. 
 
 William Fitz-Stephen. 
 1202. Alan of Tewkesbury. 
 
 Roger of Croyland. 
 after 1198. Peter of Blois. 
 
 1223. Giraldus Cambrensis. 
 Geoffrey de Vinsauf. 
 Joseph of Exeter, 
 bef. 1136. William of Newbury. 
 after 1201. Roger de Hoveden. 
 fl. 1193. John of Brompton. 
 Radulph de Diceto. 
 fl. 1200. Richard the Canon. 
 1207. Walter de Coutances. 
 Gulielmus Peregrinus. 
 Hugh de Hoveden. 
 
 A. D. 
 fl. 1174. Gervase of Canterbury 
 
 Radulph Niger. 
 
 William of Ramsey. 
 
 William the Clerk. 
 
 Thomas de Bailleul. 
 
 Orm. 
 
 Nicholas de Guildford 
 
 Layamon. 
 
 1228. Stephen de Langton. 
 1228. Gervase, bishop of Seez. 
 1217. Alexander Neckham. 
 fl. 1200. Joscelin de Brakelonde. 
 fl. 1210. Gilbertus Anglicus. 
 1213. William du Mont. 
 
 William the trouvere. 
 
 MINOR WRITERS DURING THE REIGNS or RICHARD I. AND JOHN. 
 
 1214. Geoffrey of Coldingham. 
 
 Girard of Cornwall. 
 1193. Nicholas de Walking- 
 ton. 
 
 Maurice of Wales. 
 
 Maurice of Ford. 
 
 John de St. Omer. 
 
 Adam of Dore. 
 
 Adam of Einesham. 
 
 Robert de Beaufey. 
 1220. Alexander le Partiger. 
 1172. John Cumyn. 
 
 John, abbot of Forde. 
 1199. Hugh de Nonant. 
 
 Richard the Pre'mon- 
 
 strensian. 
 John of Tilbury. 
 Samson, abbot of Bury. 
 John of Wallingford, 
 
 abbot of St. Alban's. 
 
 The following remarks are interesting in this con 
 nection : 
 
 " The poetry of the Anglo-Saxons was neither modulated 
 according to foot-measure, like that of the Greeks and 
 Romans, nor written with rhymes, like that of many mo 
 dern languages. Its chief and universal characteristic 
 was a very regular alliteration, so arranged that, in every 
 couplet there should be two principal words in the first line 
 beginning with the same letter, which letter must also be 
 the initial of the first word on which the stress of the voice 
 falls in the second line. The only approach to a metrical 
 system yet discovered is that two risings and two fallings 
 of the voice seem necessary to each perfect line. Two 
 distinct measures are met with, a shorter and a longer, both 
 commonly mixed together in the same poem, the former 
 being used for the ordinary narrative, and the latter adopted 
 when the poet sought after greater dignity. In the manu 
 scripts, the Saxon poetry is always written continuously 
 like prose, perhaps for the sake of convenience, but the 
 division of the lines is generally marked by a point 
 
 " The popular literature of the Normans in France and 
 England previous to the twelfth century is totally unknown 
 
 to us However, as most of the popular literature 
 
 of this period was confined to the jongleurs, who were at 
 the same time authors and minstrels, and as it was proba 
 bly seldom, or never committed to writing, we have no 
 difficulty in accounting for its loss. We know that there 
 were jongleurs in Normandy at an early period, and that 
 they followed their patrons to England. But we only be 
 come acquainted with their compositions at a later period. 
 In literature, the Anglo-Norman language first makes its 
 appearance in poems of a religious and serious character ; 
 and it seems to have first found a distinguished patron in 
 
 Adelaide of Louvaine, queen of Henry I Most 
 
 of this religious and serious poetry consisted in mere trans 
 lations or paraphrases from the Latin, and the writers 
 make no further pretension The only known Eng 
 lish writers of Anglo-Saxon prose are Walter Mapes, 
 Robert de Borron, and Luces de Gast, the authors of 
 lome of the most popular romances of the cycle of the 
 
 Round Table It will be seen by this briof review of 
 
 the literature of the Anglo-Norman language during the 
 twelfth century, that, until the close of the century, it has 
 no great attraction beyond a few historical production** 
 which might as well have been written in Latin, and one 
 
 or two metrical romances It would be in vain to 
 
 attempt a history of English literature in the twelfth cen 
 tury, because every thing connected with it is vague and 
 uncertain." See Introduction to Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 The reader will refer to the articles, C.EDMON, the 
 monk (died about 680) ; BEDE (died 735) ; King AL 
 FRED (died 901) ; ALFRIC of Canterbury (died 1006) ; 
 CYNEW, Bishop of Winchester (died 1008); WULF- 
 STAN, Bishop of Worcester, Archbishop of York (died 
 1023), &c. for notices of some of the principal wri 
 ters from the death of Gildas to the termination of 
 the Saxon Chronicle. 
 
 The Saxon Chronicle, the production of a number 
 of authors, professes to give a history of English affairs 
 from A. D. 1-1150, at which date it abruptly con 
 cluded. 
 
 About 1180? we have Layamon's metrical transla 
 tion of the Brut cT Angleterre, of Wace, written about 
 1160, and itself a translation from Geoffrey of Mon- 
 mouth. This ingeniour monk obliges us with a his 
 tory of British occurrences from Brutus of Troy, 
 who is placed long before the Christian era, to 
 Cadwallader, A.D. 689. Layamon seems to know 
 the original history only through the version of Mais- 
 ter W r ace. Upon the same history principally, is 
 founded the Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester, 
 {temp. Henry III. and Edward I.) who professes to 
 narrate the history of England from the time of Bru 
 tus to the death of Sir Henry of Almaine. 
 
 " The orations with which he occasionally diversifies the 
 thread of his story, are, in general, appropriate and dra 
 matic, and not only prove his good sense, but exhibit no 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 21 
 
 unfavourable specimens of his eloquence. In his descrip 
 tion of the first crusade, he seems to change his usual 
 character, and becomes not only entertaining, but even 
 animated." ELLIS. 
 
 This Chronicle consists of more than ten thousand 
 lines, and Alexandrines at that! The Bodleian, 
 Gottonian, and Harleian MSS. of it are considered the 
 best. There is also one in the Library of the 
 Heralds' College. 
 
 The next of the Rhyming Chronicles is Robert 
 Manning, or Robert de Brunne, (temp. Edward I. 
 and II.) the translator of Manuel des Ptches and Peter 
 de Langtoft's Chronicle. This verse is shorter than 
 that of Robert of Gloucester, approaching the octo 
 syllabic stanza of a later period. 
 
 The reader will find some specimens of the changes 
 of language in the periods which have now been re 
 ferred to in an excellent work accessible to all W. 
 & R. Chambers's Cyclopaedia of English Literature. 
 Some valuable dissertations in the introductions to 
 Shaw's and Spalding's Histories of English Litera 
 ture should also be carefully perused. For a history 
 of the English Metrical Romances, the period of 
 which we may assume to be 1300-1500, Warton's 
 History of English Poetry, and Halliwell's and Percy's 
 Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, should be con 
 sulted. The literature of this character was almost 
 exclusively composed of versions from French origi 
 nals. The theory of Sir Walter Scott respecting 
 Sir Tristem, and Mr. Warton's ascription of The 
 Life of Alexander the Great to Adam Davie, are per 
 haps hardly tenable in the present day. Among the 
 best known compositions of this period may be men 
 tioned, SIB GUY, THE SQUIRE OF Low DEGREE, 
 SIR DEGORE, KING ROBERT OP SICILY, THE KING 
 OP TARS, IMPOMEDON, LA MORT ARTUR, SIB THOPAS, 
 SIB BE vis, SIB ISENBRAS, SIB LIBIUS, and GAWAN 
 AND GALOGRAS. Let the reader carefully peruse 
 Ellis's Historical Introduction on the Rise and 
 Progress of Romantic Composition in France and 
 England ; prefixed to the Specimens of Early English 
 Metrical Romances. Of this valuable work a new 
 edition has been published, under the editorial care 
 of the eminent antiquary, philologist, and enthusias 
 tic philomath, J. Orchard Halliwell, Esq., F. R. S. 
 (Bohn's Antiquarian Library, Lon., 1848 : also pro 
 cure The Chronicles of the Crusades ; indeed all of 
 the volumes of this valuable series should be in the 
 hands of the curious student.) 
 
 The following remarks are not without interest in 
 this connection: 
 
 " That a class of men who cultivated the arts of amuse 
 ment as a profession, were known and esteemed by the 
 Normans of the time of the Conquest, is undeniably proved 
 by the evidence of Domesday -book ; in which we find a 
 certain Bedric possessed of a large tract of land in Glouces 
 tershire, under the title of joculator regie. The register, 
 of course, does not explain the talents of this joculator, or 
 jongleur; but it may be fairly assumed that they were 
 similar to those of the minstrel Taillefer, who, as Wace 
 informs us, 'moult Men chantont,' and who preceded the 
 Duke of Normandy at the battle of Hastings, 'singing 
 about Charlemagne, and Holland, and Olivier, and the 
 vassals who died at Roncesvalles.' We are further in 
 formed by Gaimar, that he performed many marvellous 
 
 feats of dexterity : throwing his lance into the air as if it 
 were a small stick ; catching it by the point before he cast 
 it against the enemy ; and repeating the same operation 
 with his sword, so that they who beheld him considered 
 him as a conjuror 
 
 L'un dit a 1'altre ki coveit, 
 Ee co esteit enchantement, 
 Ee cil fesait devant la gent, 
 Quant, <fcc. 
 
 Now, unless it could be proved that the Normans adopted 
 the profession of minstrelsy from the French, of which 
 there is no evidence, it must follow that they carried it 
 with them from Denmark; and as Bishop Percy has 
 shown that a character nearly analogous existed among 
 the Danes, as well as the Anglo-Saxons the derivation of 
 the minstrels from the Scalds and Glee-men of the North, 
 as established in the Essay prefixed to the Reliques of 
 Ancient Poetry,' seems to rest upon as fair historical testi 
 mony as can be required in confirmation of such an opi 
 nion." Introduction to the Rise and Progress of Romantic 
 Composition, &c. ; also peruse the Essay prefixed to Per 
 cy's Reliques. 
 
 About the middle of the thirteenth century, the ap 
 plication of poetry heretofore confined to, 1. Chroni 
 cles, 2. Romances to general subjects, manners, 
 morals, descriptive essays, &c., came into use. The 
 reader must procure for a view of the essays of this 
 period, Mr. Thomas Wright's Political Songs and Spe 
 cimens of Lyric Poetry, composed in England in the 
 reign of Edward I. : Reliquiae Antiques, 2 vols. Lau 
 rence Minot, in secular, and Richard Rolle, in theolo 
 gical poetry, are two of the prominent names of the 
 fourteenth century. About 1360 was completed the 
 Vision of Piers Plowman, the composition of a secular 
 priest named Robert Langlande. The poet sets forth 
 by allegorical representations the corruptions prevail 
 ing among the ecclesiastics, and predicts a severe pu 
 nishment as the consequences of such disorder. We 
 have in this singular allegory the characters of Mercy, 
 Truth, Conscience, Pride, Sir In-witt, See-well, Say- 
 well, Hear-well, Work-well, Go-well, &c. The reader 
 will not be surprised that such similarity of charac 
 ters has led some critics to compare this ancient 
 poem with the Pilgrim's Progress. 
 
 It was about this period, say 1350, that the cha 
 racter styled Black-Letter, or Old English, was first 
 used. 
 
 We have now reached a most important landmark, 
 at which we may properly conclude our synopsis 
 the name of the Great Father of English Poetry, 
 GEOFFREY CHAUCER, born between 1328 and 1346. 
 We need hardly remark that the inscription on his 
 tomb, stating him to have died in the year 1400, at 
 the age of 72, is not based upon any known authority, 
 having been placed where it is, about 150 years after 
 his death. However, these are matters which are 
 discussed in the following pages, and therefore bio 
 graphical details respecting individuals, and biblio 
 graphical and critical information regarding their 
 works, will not be expected here. We may now ap 
 propriately introduce from the tables in the Compa 
 nion to the British Almanac, as improved in George 
 P. Putnam's World's Progress, New York, 1851, ft 
 Chronological Table of some of the principal British 
 Authors and their works, A. D. 500-1850. 
 
22 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 IMAGINATION. 
 
 FACT. 
 
 SPECULATIVE AND SCIENTIFIC. 
 
 A.D. 
 
 500 
 
 A.D. 
 
 500 Gildas, Conquest of Britain. 
 
 A. B. 
 
 500 
 
 600 Caedmon, Saxon Poems. 
 Aldhelme, d. 709, Latin Poems. 
 
 600 Nennius, Origin of Britons. 
 
 600 
 
 700 
 
 700 Bede, 673-735, Eccl. History of 
 England. 
 
 700 Alcuin, d. 804, Theology, Histo 
 ry, Poetry. 
 
 800 Alfred, 849-901, Saxon Poems, 
 Translations, Ac. 
 
 800 
 
 Asser, d. 909, Life of Alfred, His 
 tory of England. 
 
 800 J. Scott Erigena, d. 883, ' Of the 
 Nature of Things.' 
 
 900 
 
 900 JEthelwerd, History of Great 
 Britain. 
 
 900 
 
 1000 
 
 1000 Ingulphus, 1030-1109, History 
 of Croyland. 
 Eadmer, Chronicle. 
 
 1000 
 
 1100 
 
 Layamon, Saxon Poetry. 
 Nigellus, Speculum Stultorum. 
 Walter Mapes, Satires, Songs. 
 Jos. of Exeter, Trojan War, War 
 of Antioch, Epics. 
 
 1100 Order. Vitalis, 1075-1132, His 
 tory of England. 
 Florence of Worcester, d. 1118, 
 Chron. of England. 
 Geoffrey of Monmouth, History 
 of Britain. 
 William of Malmsbury, d. 1143, 
 History of Britain. 
 Henry of Huntingdon, Chro 
 nicles of England. 
 Simeon of Durham, Chronicles 
 of England. 
 John of Salisbury, d. 1181, 'Life 
 of Becket/ Ac. 
 
 G. Cambrensis, Conq. of Ireland, 
 Itin. of Wales. 
 Wm. of Newbury, b. 1136, Chron. 
 of England. 
 
 1100 
 
 Robert Pulleyn, d. 1150, The- 
 ology. 
 
 Richard of St. Victor, d. 1173, 
 Theology. 
 
 Ralph Glanville, Collection of 
 Laws. 
 
 1200 
 
 Robert of Gloucester, Chronicle 
 in verse. 
 T. Lermont, the Rhymer, Sir 
 Tristem, Romance. 
 
 1200 Roger Hoveden, Chron. of Eng 
 land. 
 Gervase of Canterbury, Histo 
 ry of England. 
 Roger of Wendover, Hist of 
 England. 
 
 Mathew Paris, d. 1259, History 
 of England. 
 William Rishanger, History of 
 England. 
 
 1200 
 
 Alex. Neckham, d. 1227, The 
 ology. 
 
 Robert Grosteste, Natural Phi 
 losophy. 
 Alexander Hales, d. 1245, Aris 
 totelian. 
 John Peckham, Theology. 
 John Holiwood, d. 1258, Astron., 
 Mathematics. 
 Roger Bacon, 1214-1292, Che 
 mistry, Optics, Ac. 
 Rich. Middleton, Theology. 
 
 1300 
 
 Adam Davie, Metr. Romance, 
 Life of Alex. 
 
 Lawrence Minot, d. 1352, His 
 torical Poems. 
 
 John Barbour, 1326-1396, 'The 
 Bruce.' 
 R. Langlande, 'Pierce Plow 
 man,' a Satire. 
 Geoffrey Chaucer, 13281400, 
 'Canterbury Tales/ Ac. 
 John Gower, d. 1402, Elegies 
 Romances, Ac. 
 
 1300 
 
 Nicholas Triveth, d. 1328, Hist. 
 Physic, Theology. 
 Richard of Chichester, Chron. 
 of England. 
 Ralph Higden, d. 1360, Chron. 
 of England. 
 Henry Knighton, d. 1370, Chron. 
 of England. 
 Matthew of Westminster, ' Flow 
 ers of History.' 
 John Maundeville, d. 1372, Tra 
 vels. 
 John Fordun, Chron. of Scot 
 land. 
 
 1300 Albricus, Theology. 
 Duns Scotus, d. 1308, Philoso 
 phy- 
 
 Walter Burleigh, Philosophy. 
 Gilb. Anglicus, Medicine. 
 R. Aungerville, 1281-1345, Phi- 
 lobiblion. 
 
 J. Wicliffe, 1324-1384, Theolo 
 gy, Translation of the Bible. 
 
 H. de Bracton, Law. 
 
 1400 
 
 John Lydgate, 13801440, 
 Poems. 
 
 1400 Andrew of Wyntoun, History of 
 Scotland. 
 
 T. Walsingham, d. 1440, Histo 
 ry of Normandy. 
 
 1400 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 23 
 
 .IMAGINATION. 
 
 1400 James I. of Scotland, 1395- 
 1437, ' King's Quhair,' Ac. 
 
 Harry the Minstrel, ' Sir W. Wal 
 lace.' 
 
 Stephen Hawes, 'Passetyme of 
 
 Pleasure.' 
 John Skelton, d. 1529, Satires, 
 
 Odes. 
 
 FACT. 
 
 1400 
 
 John Hardyng, Chron. of Eng 
 land. 
 
 Lord Berners, Trans, of Frois- 
 sart. 
 
 W. Caxton, Translations. 
 
 Douglas of Glastonbury, Chron. 
 of England. 
 
 SPECULATIVE AND SCIENTIFIC. 
 
 1400 
 
 John Fortescue, Laws of Eng 
 land. 
 
 Thomas Littleton, d. 1487, Law. 
 
 1500 Win. Dunbar, 1465-1530, 'This 
 tle and Kose.' 
 
 Gawin Douglas, 1475-1522, 
 Trans. Virgil. 
 
 Thomas More, 1480-1535, ' Uto 
 pia.' 
 
 Thomas Wyatt, d. 1541, Son 
 nets. 
 
 John Heywood, d. 1565, Drama. 
 
 Earl of Surrey, d. 1546-1547, 
 Poems. 
 
 George Gascoigne, d. 1577, 
 Drama. 
 
 Philip Sidney, 1554-1586, ' Ar 
 cadia.' 
 
 Christ Marlowe, d. 1593, Drama. 
 
 Edmund Spenser, 1553-1598, 
 ' Faery Queen/ 
 
 W. Shakspeare, 1564-1616, Dra 
 ma. 
 
 John Lylie, 1550-1600, 'Eu- 
 phues.' 
 
 John Fletcher, 1576-1625, Dra 
 ma. 
 
 F. Beaumont, 1586-1615, Dra 
 ma. 
 
 1500 E. Fabyan, d. 1512, Chron. of 
 England and France. 
 
 T. Hall, d. 1547, Hist, of Houses 
 of York and Lancaster. 
 
 John Leland, d. 1552, English 
 Antiquities. 
 
 W. Cavendish, 1505-1557, 'Life 
 of Wolsey.' 
 
 J. Bale, 1495-1563, 'Lives of 
 British Writers.' 
 
 Ralph Hollingshed, d. 1581, 
 Chronicles. 
 
 George Buchanan, 1506-1582, 
 History of Scotland. 
 
 J. Fox, 1517-1587, Book of Mar 
 tyrs. 
 
 N. Fitzherbert, 1550-1612, Bio 
 graphy. 
 
 John Stowe, 1527-1605, Chroni 
 cles, Topography. 
 
 Sir T. North, Translations of 
 Plutarch. 
 
 1500 Thos. Linacre, 1460-1524, Phi 
 lology, Medicine. 
 
 Anth. Fitzherbert, Husbandry. 
 
 Thomas Elyot, Philology. 
 Hugh Latimer, 1475-1555, Ser 
 mons. 
 
 Roger Ascham, 1515-1568, 'The 
 Schoolmaster.' 
 
 Thomas Wilson, d. 1581, Logic 
 and Rhetoric. 
 
 Thomas Tusser, d. 1580, Hus 
 bandry. 
 
 J. Jewel, 1522-1570, Divinity. 
 
 R. Hooker, 1553-1600, Ecclesi 
 astical Polity. 
 
 W. Gilbert, 1540-1603, 'On the 
 Loadstone.' 
 
 L.Andrews, 1565-1626, Sermons. 
 
 1600 John Owen, d. 1612, Latin Epi 
 grams. 
 
 J. Ford, 6. 1586, Drama. 
 
 Ben Jonson, 1574-1637, Dra 
 ma. 
 
 P. Massinger, 1585-1639, Dra 
 ma. 
 
 J. Harrington, 1561-1612, Trans. 
 Ariosto. 
 
 E. Fairfax, d. 1632, Trans. Tasso. 
 
 M. Drayton, 1563-1631, Poems. 
 
 G. Sandys, 1577-1643, Transla 
 tions, Poems. 
 
 S. Daniel, 1562-1619, Poems. 
 
 W. Drummond, 1585-1649, Po 
 ems. 
 
 John Donne, 1573-1662, Satires, 
 
 Geo. Wither, 1588-1657, Satires. 
 
 James Shirley, 1594-1666, Dra 
 ma. 
 
 Sir John Suckling, 1609-1641, 
 Poems. 
 
 John Denham, 1615-1668, Tra 
 gedies, Cooper's Hill. 
 
 Samuel Butler, 1612-1688, Hu- 
 dibras. 
 
 1600 J. Pits, 1560-1616, Biog. of 
 Kings, Bishops, <fcc. 
 
 Richard Knolls, d. 1610, History 
 of the Turks. 
 
 Wm. Camden, 1551-1623, Anti 
 quities. 
 
 R. Hakluyt, 1553-1616, Naval 
 Histories. 
 
 W. Raleigh, 1552-1617, History 
 of the World. 
 
 Samuel Daniel, 1567-1619, His 
 tory of England. 
 
 John Heyward, d. 1627, English 
 History. 
 
 J. Speed, 1555-1629, Hist, of 
 Great Britain. 
 
 Henry Spelman, 1562-1641, An 
 tiquities. 
 
 Sir R. B. Cotton, 1570-1631, An 
 tiquities. 
 
 S. Purchas, 1577-1628, Collec 
 tion of Voyages. 
 
 Thomas Roe, 1580-1641, Travels 
 in the East. 
 
 E. (Lord) Herbert, 1581-1648, 
 History of Henry VIII. 
 
 R. Baker, d. 1645, Chron. of Eng 
 land. 
 
 Thomas Fuller, 1608-1661, His 
 tory and Biography. 
 
 Clarendon, 1608-1673, History 
 of Rebellion. 
 
 Thomas May, d. 1650, History 
 of Parliament. 
 
 Izaak Walton, 1593-1683, Bio 
 graphy. 
 
 1600 Edward Coke, 1550-1634, Law. 
 John Napier, 1550-1617, Loga 
 rithms. 
 
 Robert Burton, 1576-1639, 'Anat. 
 of Melancholy.' 
 
 Francis Bacon, 1560-1626, Phi 
 losophy, History. 
 Wm. Harvey, 1578-1657, Circu 
 lation of Blood. 
 
 John Selden, 1584-1654, Anti 
 quities, Law, History. 
 
 J. Harrington, 1611-1677, 'Oce- 
 ana.' 
 
 James Usher, 1580-1656, Divi 
 nity, Sermons, History. 
 
 Thomas Hobbes, 1588-1679, Me 
 taphysics. 
 
 W. Dugdale, 1605-1686, Antiqui 
 ties, History. 
 
 W. Chillingworth, 1602-1644, 
 Theology. 
 
 Isaac Barrow, 1630-1677, Divi- 
 nity, Mathematics. 
 
 J. Pearson, 1612-1686, Divinity. 
 
24 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 IMAGINATION. 
 
 FACT. 
 
 SPECULATIVE AND SCIENTIFIC. 
 
 160C John Milton, 1608-1674, ' Para 
 dise Lost.' 
 
 Edin. Waller, 1605-1687, Poems. 
 A. Cowley, 1618-1667, Poems. 
 A. Maxwell, 1620-1678, Poems. 
 
 Kochester, 1648-1680, Satires. 
 
 Roscommon, 1633-1684, Poems. 
 
 N. Lee, 1656-1691, Drama. 
 
 John Bunyan, 1628-1688, ' Pil 
 grim's Progress.' 
 
 John Dryden, 1631-1701, Tra 
 gedy, Satire, 'Virgil.' 
 
 Thos. Otway, 1651-1685, Tra 
 gedy. 
 
 1600 B. Whitlocke, 1605-1676, His 
 tory. 
 
 Mrs. Hutchinson, Biography. 
 
 W. Prynne, 1660-1667, History, 
 Politics. 
 
 Wm. Temple, 1629-1710, His 
 tory. 
 
 R. Brady, d. 1700, History of 
 England. 
 
 1600 Brian Walton, 1600-1661, Poly 
 glot Bible. 
 
 Jeremy Taylor, rf. 1667, Divinity. 
 
 Alger. Sydney, 1617-1683, 'Dis 
 course on Government.' 
 
 Thos. Browne, 1605-1682, 'On 
 Vulgar Errors.' 
 
 Edmund Castell, d. 1685, Lexicoi 
 Heptaglotton. 
 
 E. Cudworth, 1617-1688, Meta 
 physics. 
 
 J. Evelyn, 1620-1706, ' Sylva.' 
 
 H. More, 1614-1687, Theology. 
 
 T. Sydenham, 1624-1689, Medi 
 cine. 
 
 W. Sherlock, d. 1689, Divinity. 
 
 J. Tillotson, 1630-1694, Sermons. 
 
 Archbishop Leighton, 1613-1684, 
 Divinity. 
 
 E. Baxter, 1615-1691, 'Saint's 
 Everlasting Rest.' 
 
 E. Boyle, 1627-1691, Theology, 
 Chemistry. 
 
 1700 John Pomfret, 1667-1703, < The 
 Choice.' 
 
 John Philips, 1676-1708, 'Splen 
 did Shilling.' 
 
 Thos. Parnell, 1679-1718, ' The 
 Hermit.' 
 
 Geo. Farquhar, 1678-1707, Co 
 medies. 
 
 Matt. Prior, 1664-1721, Poems. 
 
 E. Steele, d. 1729, Drama, Es 
 says. 
 
 Daniel Defoe, 1660-1731, 'Eo- 
 binson Crusoe.' 
 
 Jos. Addison, 1672-1719, ' Spec 
 tator,' ' Cato.' 
 
 Nich. Eowe, 1673-1718, Tra 
 gedy. 
 
 J. Vanbrugh, d. 1726, Comedy. 
 
 W. Congreve, 1672-1728, Co 
 medy. 
 
 John Gay, 1688-1732, 'Beggar's 
 Opera,' Fab. 
 
 Mary W. Montague, 1690-1762, 
 Letters. 
 
 Eobert Blair, 1699-1746, 'The 
 Grave.' 
 
 S. Eichardson, 1689-1761, 'Cla 
 rissa,' ' Pamela/ <fec. 
 
 D. Garrick, 1716-1779, Drama. 
 S. Foote, 1720-1771, Drama. 
 
 E. Dodsley, 1703-1764, Drama. 
 Jona. Swift, 1667-1745, Satires, 
 
 Tales, <fcc. 
 
 I. Watts, 1674-1748, Hymns. 
 Edw. Young, 1681-1765, 'Night 
 
 Thoughts.' 
 
 Alex. Pope, 1688-1744, Poetry. 
 W. Soinerville, 1692-1743, ' The 
 
 Chase/ 
 Allan Eamsay, 1696-1758, 'The 
 
 Gentle Shepherd.' 
 Eichard Savage, 1698-1743, 
 
 Poems. 
 
 Jas. Thomson, 1700-1748, ' Sea 
 sons.' 
 
 John Dyer, 1700-1758, Poems. 
 H. Fielding, 1707-1754, 'Tom 
 
 Jones,' <fcc. 
 James Hammond, 1716-1742, 
 
 Elegies. 
 
 1700 Thos. Eymer, d. 1713, Fcsdera. 
 
 1700 
 
 S. Ockley, 1678-1720, Oriental 
 History. 
 
 Thos. Hearne, 1678-1735, His 
 tory and Antiquities. 
 
 John Strype, 1643-1737, History 
 and Antiquities. 
 
 Gilbert Burnet, 1643-1715, 'His 
 tory of his Times.' 
 
 L. Echard, 1671-1730, History 
 of England. 
 
 Thos. Carte, 1686-1754, History 
 of England. 
 
 John Potter, 1674-1747, Anti 
 quities. 
 
 Sir W. Petty, 1623-1682, Statis 
 tics. 
 
 Nathanael Hooke, d. 1763, His 
 tory of Rome. 
 
 C. Middleton, 1683-1750, Life 
 of Cicero, Ac. 
 
 John Swinton, 1703-1767, His 
 tory, Antiquity. 
 
 Lord Lyttelton, 1709-1778, His 
 tory, Poems, Divinity. 
 
 James Granger, d. 1776, Biog. 
 Hist, of England. 
 
 John Ray, 1628-1705, Botany, 
 Natural History. 
 
 John Locke, 1632-1704, Meta 
 physics. 
 
 R. South, 1633-1716, Divinity. 
 
 Isaac Newton, 1642-1719, ' Prin- 
 cipia.' 
 
 J. Flamsteed, 1642-1719, Astro 
 nomy. 
 
 R. Hooke, 1655-1702, Philoso 
 phy- 
 
 B. de Mandeville, 1670-1733, 
 ' Fab. of the Bees.' 
 
 Edm. Halley, 1656-1742, Astro 
 nomy. 
 
 Hans Sloane, 1660-1753, Natural 
 History. 
 
 S. Clarke, 1675-1729, Divinity, 
 Philosophy. 
 
 D. Waterland, 1683-1740, Di 
 vinity. 
 
 R. Bentley, 1661-1740, Divinity, 
 Philology. 
 
 A. Baxter, 1687-1750, Metaphy 
 sics. 
 
 Lord Bolingbroke, 1672-1751; 
 Politics, Literature. 
 
 G. Berkeley, 1684-1753, Meta 
 physics, Ethics. 
 
 P. Doddridge, 1701-1751, Di 
 vinity. 
 
 Jas. Bradley, 1692-1762, Astro 
 nomy. 
 
 F. Hutcheson, 1694-1747, Moral 
 Philosophy. 
 
 T. Sherlock, 1678-1761, Divini- 
 
 C. Maclaurin, 1696-1746, Mathe 
 matics. 
 
 Earl of Chesterfield, 1694-1773, 
 Letters. 
 
 Eph. Chambers, d. 1740, Cyclo 
 paedia. 
 
 B. Hoadley, 1676-1761, Pole 
 mics. 
 
 Bishop Butler, 1692-1752, Di 
 vinity. 
 J. Wesley, 1703-1791, Divinity. 
 
 D. Hartley, 1704-1757, ' Obser 
 vations on Man.' 
 
 Soame Jenyns, 1704-1787, The 
 ology. 
 
 W. Warburton, 1709-1779, The 
 ology, Criticism. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 25 
 
 IMAGINATION. 
 
 1700 Laur. Sterne, 1713-1768, ' Tris 
 tram Shandy.' 
 
 W. Shenstone, 1714-1763, Pas 
 torals, Ac. 
 
 W. Collins, 1720-1756, Odes. 
 
 H. Brooke, 1706-1783, Tool of 
 Quality.' 
 
 M. Akenside, 1721-1770, ' Plea 
 sures of Imagination.' 
 
 Thos. Gray, 1716-1771, Odes, 
 Elegies. 
 
 T. Smollett, 1720-1771, Novels. 
 
 R. Glover, 1712-1789, 'Leoni- 
 das.' 
 
 0. Goldsmith, 1731-1774, 'Tra 
 veller,' ' Vicar of Wakefield.' 
 
 W. Mason, 1725-1797, Poems, 
 Biography. 
 
 Thomas Chatterton, 1752-1770, 
 Poems. 
 
 Ar. Murphy, 1727-1805, Drama. 
 
 Wm. Cowper, 1731-1800, Poems. 
 
 R. Cumberland, 1732-1811, Dra 
 ma. 
 
 Eras. Darwin, 1732-1802, 'Bo 
 tanic Garden.' 
 
 Jas. Beattie, 1735-1803, Poems. 
 
 R. Ferguson, 1750-1774, Poems. 
 
 Geo. Colrnan, 1733-1794, Come 
 dies. 
 
 J. Wolcot, (Peter Pindar,) 1738- 
 1819, Com. Poems. 
 
 James Macpherson, 1738-1796, 
 ' Ossian's Poems.' 
 
 Eobert Burns, 1759-1796, Poems. 
 
 J. Home, d. 1808, Drama. 
 
 Rich. B. Sheridan, 1751-1816, 
 Drama. 
 
 Ann Radclifife, 1764-1823, No 
 vels. 
 
 FACT. 
 
 1700 
 
 Sam. Johnson, 1709-1784, Lives 
 of Poets, Diet, Ac. 
 
 Jonas Hanway, 1712-1786, Tra 
 vels in the East. 
 
 John Blair, d. 1782, Chronology. 
 
 David Hume, 1711-1776, Histo 
 ry of England, Essays, Ac. 
 
 W. Robertson, 1721-1793, Hist, 
 of Charles V., Ac. 
 
 Thos. Warton, 1728-1790, Histo 
 ry of England, Poetry, Poems. 
 
 H. Walpole, d. 1797, 'Historic 
 Doubts/ ' Royal and Noble 
 Authors.' 
 
 J. Moore, 1730-1802, 'Views of 
 Society and Manners.' 
 
 James Bruce, 1730-1794, Tra 
 vels. 
 
 W. Gilpin, 1724-1804, Biogra 
 phy, Divinity, Ac. 
 
 E. Gibbon, 1737-1794, Decline 
 and Fall of Roman Empire. 
 
 J. Whitaker, 1735-1808, Hist, of 
 Manchester, Ac. 
 
 Edm. Burke, 1730-1797, Ora 
 tory. 
 
 J. Boswell, 1740-1795, Biogra 
 phy. 
 
 J. Milner, 1744-1797, Church 
 History. 
 
 Joseph Strutt, 1748-1802, Chro 
 nology, Antiquities. 
 
 Charles Burney, d. 1841, 'His 
 tory of Music.' 
 
 SPECULATIVE AND SCIENTIFIC. 
 
 1700 J. Jortin, 1698-1770, Divinity, 
 Criticism. 
 
 Lord Kames, 1696-1782, Ele 
 ments of Criticism. 
 
 R. Lowth, 1710-1787, Divinity, 
 Philology. 
 
 W. Blackstone, 1723-1780, Laws 
 of England. 
 
 Adam Smith, 1723-1790, 'Wealth 
 of Nations.' 
 
 J. Harris, 1709-1780, Philology. 
 
 John Hunter, 1728-1793, Medi 
 cine. 
 
 F. Balguy, 1716-1795, Divinity. 
 
 T. Reid, 1710-1796, Metaphysics. 
 
 Sir J. Reynolds, 1723-1792, Art 
 
 S. Horsley, d. 1806, Theology." 
 
 Jos. Priestley, 1733-1804, Meta 
 physics, Chemistry. 
 
 Hugh Blair, 1719-1800, Sermons. 
 
 J. Home Tooke, 1736-1812, Phi 
 lology. 
 
 Wm. Jones, 1747-1794, Orien 
 talist. 
 
 R. Price, 1723-1791, Metaphy 
 sics, Divinity. 
 
 Wm. Paley, 1743-1805, Philo 
 logy. 
 
 Richard Person, 1759-1808, Phi 
 lology. 
 
 Thos. Beddoes, 1760-1808, Medi 
 cine. 
 
 N. Maskelyne, d. 1811, Astro 
 nomy. 
 
 G. L. Staunton, d. 1801, Chinese 
 Code. 
 
 W. Herschel, 1738-1822, Astro 
 nomy. 
 
 1800 Robert Bloomfield, d. 1823, ' Far 
 mer's Boy.' 
 Mrs. Barbauld, Poems, Tales. 
 
 Lord Byron, 1788-1824, Poems. 
 
 John Keats, Poems. 
 
 P. B. Shelley, d. 1822, Poems. 
 
 R. C. Maturin, d. 1824, Drama. 
 
 Miss Austin, Novels. 
 
 Wm. Goodwin, 1755-1836, No 
 vels, Metaphysics. 
 
 Walter Scott, 1771-1832, Novels, 
 Poems. 
 
 R. Pollok, 1798-1827, 'Course 
 of Time.' 
 
 Geo. Crabbe, d. 1832, ' The Bo 
 rough,' Ac. 
 
 Fanny Burney, 1752-1840, No 
 vels. 
 
 Wm. Beckford, 1760-1844, No 
 vels. 
 
 Thos. Haynes Bayly, 1797-1839, 
 Lyrics. 
 
 Thomas Hamilton, 1789-1842, 
 Novels, Travels. 
 
 Felicia Hemans, 1794-1835, 
 Poems. 
 
 Barbara Hofland, Novels. 
 
 Jas. Hogg, 1782-1835, Poems 
 and Tales. 
 
 Theo. E. Hook, 1788-1841, No 
 vels. 
 
 1800 J. Macdiarmid, 1779-1808, Bio 
 graphy. 
 
 E. D. Clarke, d. 1822, Travels. 
 C. J. Fox, d. 1796, History. 
 
 W. Mitford, History of Greece. 
 
 R. Heber, Travels, Ac. 
 
 Major Rennel, Geography. 
 
 Wm. Roscoe, 1751-1831, Life of 
 Leo X., Ac. 
 
 Walter Scott, 1771-1832, Histo 
 ry, Biography. 
 
 Sir Jas. Mackintosh, 1766-1832, 
 Hist, of England. 
 
 Geo. Chalmers, 1742-1825, Po 
 litical Annals. 
 
 Marsden, 1755-1836, Oriental 
 Hist, and Travels. 
 
 James Mill, 1773-1836, History 
 of British India. 
 
 Robert Morrison, 1782-1834, 
 Travels, Philology. 
 
 1800 Arthur Young, 1741-1820, Agri 
 culture. 
 
 A. Rees, 1743-1825, Cyclopaedia. 
 
 Joseph Banks, 1743-1820, Natu 
 ral History. 
 
 Dr. Parr, rf.1825, Philology. 
 
 D. Ricardo, d. 1823, Political Eco 
 nomy. 
 
 C. Hutton, d. 1823, Mathematics. 
 J. Playfair,dl819, Mathematics. 
 P. Elmsley, Philology. 
 
 T. Wollaston, Chemistry. 
 
 Thos. Young, Hieroglyphics, Ac. 
 
 T. Scott, d. 1821, Divinity. 
 
 D. Stewart, d. 1821, Metaphysics. 
 Vicesimus Knox, 1752-1821, Es 
 says. 
 
 Malthus, Political Economy. 
 
 Wm. Hazlitt, Critic and Essayist. 
 
 Francis Jeffrey, 1773-1849, Es 
 says, Criticism. 
 
 Archbishop Magee, d. 1831, Di 
 vinity. 
 
 Sir Humph. Davy, d. 1829, Che 
 mistry. 
 
 Jer. Bentham, d. 1832, 'Princi- 
 ciples of Legislation.' 
 
 Adam Clarke, 1763-1832, Divi 
 nity, Criticism. 
 
 Arch. Alison, 1757-1839, Essays 
 on Taste. 
 
 Francis Baily, 1774-1844, As 
 tronomy, Ac. 
 
 Bishop Burgess, 1756-1837, The 
 ology. 
 
 Herbert Marsh, 1758-1839, The 
 ology. 
 
 Thos. Mitchell, 1783-1845, Clas 
 sic. Critic. 
 
26 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 IMAGINATION. 
 
 FACT. 
 
 SPECULATIVE AND SCIENTIFIC. 
 
 1800 Thos. Hood, Poems, Novels, <fcc. 
 
 Hannah More, 1744-1833, Po 
 ems, Tales. 
 
 Jane Porter, 1776-1850, Novels. 
 
 Wm. Wordsworth, 1770-1850, 
 Poems. 
 
 Kobert Southey, 1774-1843, 
 Poems. 
 
 Lady Blessington, 1789-1849, 
 Novels. 
 
 Charles Lamb, 1775-1834, Po 
 ems, Essays. 
 
 S. T. Coleridge, 1773-1834, 
 Ethics, Poems. 
 
 L. E. Landon Maclean, 1804- 
 1838, Novels and Poems. 
 
 Thos. H. Lister, 1801-1842, No 
 vels, Ac. 
 
 William Maginn, 1793-1842, 
 Tales and Poems. 
 
 Marryat, 1792-1847, Novels. 
 
 John Gait, 1779-1839, Novels. 
 
 Wm. H. Ireland, Shaks. Forge 
 ries. 
 
 Lady Morgan, b. 1783, Novels. 
 
 Jas. Morier, b. 1780, Novels. 
 
 Thomas Campbell, 1777-1844, 
 Poems. 
 
 John Banim, 1800-1842, Novels. 
 
 Hen. F. Gary, 1772-1844, Trans. 
 Dante, &c. 
 
 1800 Jas. Grahame, History of United 
 
 States. 
 John Gillies, 1747-1836, History 
 
 of Greece. 
 Basil Hall, 1788-1844, Travels 
 
 and Voyages. 
 Wm. Hone, 1779-1842, Every 
 
 Day Book. 
 R. & J. Landor, 1834, Travels in 
 
 Africa. 
 
 Southey, 1774-1843, Biography. 
 
 Wm. Beckford, 1769-1844, Tra 
 vels. 
 
 Arch. Alison, History of Europe. 
 
 Thos. Arnold, 1795-1842, His 
 tory of Rome. 
 
 Thos. D. Fosbrooke, 1770-1842, 
 Archaeology. 
 
 Thos. McCrie, 1772-1835, Life 
 of Knox. 
 
 Sir John Malcolm, History of 
 Persia and India. 
 
 I. D'Israeli, 1766-1848, Curiosi 
 ties of Literature. 
 
 1800 Robert Mudie, 1777-1842, Scien 
 tific Miscellanies. 
 
 Sir E. Brydges, 1762-1837, Mis 
 cellanies. 
 
 Wm. Cobbett, 1762-1835, Poli 
 tics, Ac. 
 
 J. Dalton, 1766-1844, Chemistry. 
 
 J. F. Daniel, 1790-1845, Chem. 
 
 Sydney Smith, 1777-1845, Theo 
 logy, Essays, <fec. 
 
 John Bonnycastle, d. 1821, Ma 
 thematics. 
 
 Thomas Chalmers, Theology and 
 Political Economy. 
 
 John Leslie, 1832, Mathemati 
 cian. 
 
 J. C. Loudon, 1783-1843, Botany, 
 Agriculture, Architecture. 
 
 John Bell, 1763-1825, Anatomy 
 and Physiology. 
 
 Olinthus Gregory, 1774-1841, 
 Mathematics and Religion. 
 
 Robert Hall, 1764-1831, Ser 
 mons. 
 
 Sir Chas. Bell, 1781-1824, Anato 
 my and Physiology. 
 
 The following may be named as among the best 
 manuals in the department of History, Divinity, Mo 
 ral and Political Philosophy, Voyages, and Travels. 
 
 I. The History of England. Our favourite history 
 is the "Pictorial," published by Messrs. Charles 
 Knight & Co., -11 vols., with Index vol., imp. 8vo., 
 1849-50 ; from B. C. 55 to A. D. 1846. 
 
 We have given our opinion as to the merits of this 
 compilation, when treating of the works of J. Petit 
 Andrews, (q. v.) 
 
 As regards earlier histories, Hall's History of the 
 Houses of York and Lancaster, Leland's English An 
 tiquities, Cavendish's Life of Wolsey, Hollingshed's 
 Chronicles, Buchanan's History of Scotland, Stowe's 
 Chronicles, Camden's Britannia and Reign of Eliza 
 beth and James L, Daniel's History of England, 
 Speed's History of Great Britain, Hayward's English 
 History, Spelman's Antiquities, Lord Bacon's Henry 
 VII., Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., Fuller's 
 Church History and Worthies of England, and Ba 
 ker's Chronicles afford sufficient materials to the most 
 enthusiastic lover of historic lore. 
 
 For the occurrences of the memorable days of 
 the Commonwealth, we have Harris's Charles I. and 
 Cromwell, Neal's History of the Puritans, Claren 
 don's History of the Rebellion, May's History of 
 Parliament, and the works of Whitlocke, Hutchinson, 
 Prynne, Holies, Ludlow, &c. If we wish to see how 
 those subjects have been treated by modern writers, 
 we have Hume and Catherine Macaulay as the apolo 
 gists of the Stuarts and of the Republicans, respect 
 ively, and the works of Godwin, Foster, and Carlyle. 
 The following historical works should be carefully 
 read: Burnet's Own Times, Hearne's History and 
 Antiquities, Strype's Ecclesiastical 'History, Echard's 
 History of England, the mine of curious erudition in 
 Carte's History of England, and the Life of the Duke 
 
 of Ormonde, Granger's Biographical History of 
 England, Keightley's History of England, Sir James 
 Mackintosh's History of the Revolution of 1688, 
 Hallam's Constitutional History, Miller's George III., 
 Croly's George IV., Mr. Macaulay's Commencement 
 of the History of England from the Accession of James 
 II., and Smyth's Lectures on Modern History. 
 
 For a knowledge of the History of America, the 
 reader should consult Robertson's America, Botta's 
 Revolution, Irving's History of Columbus and his Fol 
 lowers, Prescott's Conquest of Mexico, and Conquest of 
 Peru, Burke's European Settlements in N. America, 
 and his Speeches on America, Grahame's, Hildreth's, 
 and Bancroft's History of the United States, Sparks's 
 Life and Writings of Washington, Franklin, and Mor 
 ris, Sparks's American Biography, first and second 
 series, Ramsay's Life of Washington, American Revo 
 lution, Marshall's Life of Washington, Washington 
 Irving's ditto, Holmes's Annals of America, Flint's 
 History of Mississippi Valley, Theodore Irving's Con 
 quests of Florida, and the works of John Adams, 
 Hamilton, John Jay, John Q. Adams, Jefferson, Cal- 
 houn, Benton, Webster, Colton's Life of Clay, the pa 
 pers in the Federalist, Davis's Life of Burr, &c. The 
 works of Catlin and McKenney, Hall and Schoolcraft, 
 on the North American Indians, should not be neglected. 
 
 The History of British India will be found in the 
 works of Orme, Cambridge, Mills, Martin, Malcolm's 
 Life of Clive, Gleig's Memoirs of Hastings, the trial 
 of Warren Hastings in the works of Burke, &c. 
 
 II. Among Commentators upon the Holy Scriptures, 
 may be mentioned Doddridge, Patrick, Lowth, Whit- 
 by, Macknight, D'Oyly, Mant, Henry, Gill, Scott, 
 Clarke, Burkitt, Robinson, Home, Barnes, Addison, 
 Alexander, Turner, Bush, and the valuable manuals 
 of Biblical Bibliography of Home, Orme, Williams, 
 and Bickersteth. The English language is exceed- 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 27 
 
 ingly rich in sterling divinity. Of these it may be 
 sufficient to mention Taylor, Hooker, Chillingworth, 
 Mede, Barrow, Pearson, Usher, Hall, Penn, Barclay, 
 Tillotson, Stillingfleet, Bull, Waterland, Clarke, Sher 
 lock, Warburton, Seeker, Jortin, Lowtb, Leslie, Owen, 
 Hammond, Leland, Lardner, Doddridge, Watts, Lati- 
 mer, Edgeworth, Seed, South, Sherlock, Porteus, 
 Horsley, Paley, Edwards, Dwight, Gisborne, Robert 
 Hall, Forster, Chalmers, and Jay. 
 
 III. Among Manuals of Devotion, will be found the 
 Holy Living and Dying of Jeremy Taylor, Private 
 Thoughts of Bishop Beveridge, Reflections on the 
 Holy Spirit by Allix, Scott's Christian Life, Nelson's 
 Fasts and Festivals, the Whole Duty of Man, the 
 Ladies' Calling, and the Companions to the Prayer 
 Book by Cumber, Wheatley, and Sparrow. Jenks, 
 Bean, Cotteril, Blomfield, Hicks, Downington, Jay, 
 and others, also published works upon this most im 
 portant branch of literature. 
 
 IV. In Voyages and Travels, the voluminous collec 
 tions of Pinkerton, Hakluyt, Kerr, and Porter, and 
 the narratives of Humboldt, Warburton, Hall, Lyell, 
 Beckford, Hobhouse, Valentia, Barrow, Murray, Gar 
 diner, Davis, Gutzlaff, Langdon, Russell, Kohl, Laing, 
 Howitt, Heber, Head, Combe, Buckingham, Marti- 
 neau, Frazer, Gray, Egerton, Fellowes, Rennell, 
 Layard, Kinnear, Long, Burnes, Buck, Robinson, 
 Cramer, Lindsay, Wilson, Wordsworth, Eustace, Ste 
 phens, Bayard Taylor, Fremont, Wilkes, Kane, Lynch, 
 and others, will serve to profitably beguile many a 
 long winter evening. See Pycroft's Course of Eng 
 lish Reading, and Dibdin's Library Companion. 
 
 V. In Moral Philosophy, Paley has been highly com 
 mended ; but his theory of expediency is radically un 
 sound. Dymond's Elements of Christian Morality we 
 consider the best work of the kind in the language. 
 Chalmers's Bridgewater Treatise, Mackintosh's Dis 
 sertation on the Study of Ethical Philosophy, Beat- 
 tie's Principles of Moral Science, Abercrombie's Phi 
 
 losophy of the Moral Feelings, Butler's Works, Foster's 
 Essays on Decision of Character, Mason on Self- 
 Knowledge, and the works of Whewell and Moore, 
 should be carefully studied. 
 
 VI. In Political Economy, the works of Adam Smith, 
 Bentham, Mill, Ricardo, Malthus, McCulloch, Marti- 
 neau, Carey, Bishop Potter of Penn., E. Peshine Smith, 
 Newman, Brougham, Alison, Jones, Whately, &c., 
 will give the reader an insight into this vastly impor 
 tant, though till lately much misunderstood, subject. 
 The Histories of Banking, by Hardcastle, Gilbart, 
 Lawson, Bell, Gallatin, Gouge, &c., are useful works, 
 See a list of choice works in Biography, Bibliography, 
 and Belles-Lettres, in the Preface to this volume, and 
 see Index. 
 
 We have now pursued the subject to a sufficient 
 extent for this part of our work. The reader will 
 see, by a reference to the Index of Subjects, that we 
 have mentioned but a very few of the books noticed 
 in our Dictionary. 
 
 We have, however, thought it well, in the preced 
 ing pages, to group together under their appropriate 
 divisions, a number of works, many of which (in the 
 Historical department, for instance,) are not well 
 known to the ordinary reader. Full justice has been 
 done to the extent of our ability to these, and the 
 other departments of literature, in the succeeding 
 pages of this volume. The author is not willing to 
 doubt that the anxious labour of years which he has 
 zealously bestowed upon this work, upon which the 
 rising and the setting sun have so often found him 
 employed, will be abundantly rewarded by its fruits. 
 If he shall induce any to discover, in Literature, a 
 solace in sorrow, a companion in solitude, a safeguard 
 to morality, an incentive to virtue, and a guide to the 
 immortal spirit in its aspirations after the good, the 
 true, and the holy, he has served his generation and 
 so far answered the ends of his being. 
 
 As we have frequently occasion to refer to the reigns of different English sovereigns without specifying 
 dates, temp. Edward II., temp. Henry II., &c., the following table of the Kings and Queens of England 
 (from Pulleyn's Etymological Compendium) will prove of great service to the reader. 
 
 
 Trni. 
 
 Acces. 
 
 Died. 
 
 Ago. 
 
 Length 
 B*p. 
 
 
 TlTLX. 
 
 Acces. 
 
 1485 
 1509 
 1547 
 
 1553 
 1558 
 
 1603 
 1625 
 
 1660 
 1685 
 
 H 
 
 1702 
 
 1714 
 1727 
 1760 
 1820 
 1830 
 
 1837 TT 
 
 Died. 
 
 1509 
 1547 
 1553 
 
 1558 
 1603 
 
 1625 
 1649 
 
 1685 
 1702 
 1702 
 
 1694 
 1714 
 
 1727 
 1760 
 1820 
 1830 
 1837 
 
 iom Gc 
 
 A,-,.. 
 
 Length 
 &*. 
 
 WiUiam. I..... 
 William II.... 
 Henry I. 
 
 Stephen 
 
 Henry II. 
 
 Richard I..... 
 John 
 Henry III..... 
 Edward I..... 
 Edward II.... 
 Edward III... 
 SichardlL... 
 
 Henry IV...., 
 
 Henry V. 
 Henry VI..... 
 
 Edtozrd IV... 
 
 Edward V..... 
 Richard III... 
 
 THE HOUSK OP NORMANDY. 
 Obtained the Crown by Conquest. 
 4th son of Will. I 
 
 1066 
 1087 
 1100 
 
 1135 
 
 1154 
 
 1199 
 1216 
 1272 
 1307 
 132T 
 
 1377 
 
 1399 
 1413 
 1422 
 
 1461 
 1483 
 1483 
 
 1087 
 1100 
 1135 
 
 1154 
 
 1189 
 1199 
 1216 
 1272 
 1307 
 1327 
 1377 
 
 1400 
 
 1413 
 1422 
 1471 
 
 1483 
 1483 
 1485 
 
 60 
 
 43 
 68 
 
 49 
 
 56 
 41 
 49 
 60 
 67 
 48 
 65 
 
 33 
 
 46 
 84 
 
 4'J 
 
 42 
 11 
 
 4-2 
 
 21 
 13 
 35 
 
 19 
 
 35 
 10 
 17 
 56 
 35 
 20 
 50 
 
 22 
 
 14 
 9 
 39 
 
 22 
 
 
 2 
 
 Henry VII.... 
 
 Henry VIII... 
 Edward VI... 
 Afary 
 
 THE HOUSE OP TUDOR. 
 His father was Edmund, eldest son 
 of Oweu Tudor and Queen Cathe 
 rine, widow of Hen. V. ; and his 
 mother was Margaret Beaufort, 
 great-grand-daughter of John of 
 
 52 
 55 
 16 
 
 42 
 69 
 
 58 
 48 
 
 54 
 07 
 51 
 
 83 
 At 
 
 C7 
 77 
 82 
 68 
 
 72 
 
 dFr( 
 
 24 
 38 
 6 
 
 5 
 45 
 
 22 
 24 
 
 25 
 3 
 13 
 
 6 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 33 
 60 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 terve. 
 
 
 THE HOUSE op BLOIS. 
 3d son of Stephen, Earl of Blois, 
 by Adela, 4th daughter of Will. I. 
 
 THB HOUSE OP PLANTAGENET. 
 Son of Geoffrey Plantagenet, by 
 Matilda, only daughter of Hen. I. 
 Eldest surviving son of Hen. II... 
 6th and youngest son of Hen. II... 
 Eldest son of John 
 Eldest son of Hen. Ill 
 Eldest surviving son of Ed. I 
 Eldest son of Ed II. 
 
 Only surviving son of Hen. II 
 Son of Hen. VIII. by Jane Seymour 
 Daughter of Hen. VIII. by Cath. of 
 
 Elizabeth 
 James I, 
 
 Charles I..... 
 Interregnum. . 
 Charles II.... 
 James II. 
 WiUiam III . . 
 
 Mary 
 
 Daughter of Hen. VIII. by Anne 
 Boleyn 
 
 THE HOUSE OP STUAET. 
 Son of Mary Queen of Scots, grand 
 daughter of James IV. and Mar 
 garet, eldest daughter of Hen. 
 VII. 
 
 Only surviving son of James I. ... 
 
 Eldest son of Charles I 
 Only surviving son of Charles I . . 
 Son of Will, of Nassau, by Mary ) 
 daughter of Charles I > 
 Eldest daughter of James II ) 
 Daughter of James II 
 THB HOUSE OF HANOVUH. 
 Eldest son of the Duke of Hanover, 
 by Sophia, daughter of Fred. V., 
 King of Bohemia, and Elizabeth, 
 
 Son of the Black Prince, eld. son 
 of Ed. in 
 
 THE HOUSK OP LANCASTER. 
 
 Son of John of Gaunt, 4th son of 
 Ed in 
 
 
 George I. 
 
 George II. 
 George III.... 
 George IV.... 
 WiUiam IV... 
 Victoria 
 
 
 THE HOUSE OP YORK. 
 His grandfather, Richard, was son 
 of Edmund, 5th son of Ed. III. ; 
 and his grandmother, Anne, was 
 great-grand-daughter of Lionel, 
 3d son of Ed. Ill 
 
 
 Grandson of George II 
 
 Eldest son of George III..' -.... 
 3d son of George III 
 Daughter of Edward, Duke of Kent, 
 4th son of George III 
 
 Eldest son of Ed. IV 
 Younger brother of Ed. IV 
 
DICTIONARY 
 
 aito merican 
 
 ABB 
 
 Abbot, Abiel, D.D., 1770-1828, a native of Andover, 
 Mass., graduated at Harvard College in 1787, accepted a 
 pastoral charge at Haverhill about 1794, at Beverly about 
 1802. He was the author of, 1. Letters from Cuba, Bos 
 ton, 1829. 2. Artillery Election Sermon, 1802. 3. Ser 
 mons to Mariners, 1812. 4. Address on Intemperance, 
 
 1815. 5. Sermon before the Salem Missionary Society, 
 
 1816. 6. Sermon before the Bible Society of Salem, 1817. 
 7. Convention Sermon, 1827. 
 
 " Dr. Abbot was very courteous and interesting in social inter 
 course, and was eloquent in preaching." 
 
 See Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. ; Flint's Serm. ; Sketch in 
 a Letter from Cuba. 
 
 Abbot, Charles, D.D., F.L.S., Vicar of Oakley 
 Raynes, Bedfordshire; author of, 1. Flora Bedfordiensis, 
 1798. 2. A Monody on the Death of Lord Nelson, 1805. 
 
 3. Sermon on the Death of Horatio, Lord Nelson, 1806. 
 
 4. Parochial Divinity, or Sermons on Various Subjects, 
 1807. 
 
 Abbot, Charles, Lord Colchester, 1757-1829, was the 
 son of the Rev. John Abbot, D.D., Rector of All-Saints, 
 Colchester; educated at Westminster School, and Oxford. 
 In 1795, he became M.P. for Halston, and Speaker of the 
 House, Feb. 10, 1802. In 1813, he defeated the Roman 
 Catholic Bill in committee. For fifteen years he held the 
 office of Speaker H.C., and on his retirement was created 
 Baron Colchester. He was the author of an essay On the 
 Use and Abuse of Satire, Oxf., 1786. Speech in the Com 
 mittee of the House of Commons on the Catholic Question, 
 1818. 
 
 Abbot, Charles, Lord Tenterden, 1762-1832, one of 
 the Judges in the Court of King's Bench. Having been 
 so long accustomed to the Bench, his lordship exhibited 
 in his last moments a striking instance of the tenacity of 
 the "ruling passion." The members of his family were 
 gathered around him, to discharge the last sad offices of 
 kindness, when he was observed to move his hand along 
 the pillow, as if in the act of writing, and directly after 
 wards, he was heard to exclaim, almost in his official tone, 
 "^Gentlemen of the jury, you may retire ;" he then closed 
 his eyes, and expired. Author of, 1. Rules and Orders on 
 the Plea Side of the Court of King's Bench, &c., 1795. 
 2. Jurisprudence and Practice of the Court of Great Ses 
 sions of Wales on the Chester Circuit, London, 1795, 9 
 vols. 3. Treatise on the Law relating to Merchant Ships 
 and Seamen, in four parts, 1802. The seventh edition of 
 this work, edited by Wm. Shoe, was published London, 
 1844 ; Boston, 1846 ; eighth Lond. edition, 1847, royal 8vo. 
 
 "This book is a legal classic of high character, and is frequently 
 cited upon questions of Commercial Law not altered by statute. 
 It is equally distinguished for practical good-sense, and for exten 
 sive and accurate learning, remarkably compressed, and appropri 
 ately applied. Chancellor Kent made it the basis of the forty- 
 seventh lecture of his Commentaries upon American Law. There 
 have been five American editions of the work ; but those of 1810 
 and 1829, enriched with notes and references to American cases 
 by Mr. Justice Story, are the most valuable, except the late edition. 
 In the fourth American edition, (1829,) now out of print, the 
 learned annotator recast the notes and added many new ones. A 
 new American edition has just been published, (1846,) containing 
 the notes of Story and Shee, together with notes of American deci 
 sions, by J. C. Perkins, Esq. This edition is the most desirable 
 one for the American lawyer. Abbot's was the first English trea 
 tise devoted exclusively to the law of shipping. In 1819, the 
 work was translated into Portuguese. The late English edition 
 by Shee is well spoken of, 13 Ves. 599 ; 3 Kent's Com. 250 ; 9 Legal 
 Observer, 276; 1 Angell's Law Intelligencer, 73: 1 A. J 321-4 
 Jurist, 642." Marvin's Legal Bibliography. 
 
 ABB 
 
 Sixth American edition, with additional annotations by 
 J. C. Perkins, Boston, 1850 ; seventh edition, royal 8vo. 
 
 " This is truly a magnificent volume, of more than a thousand 
 pages, containing the treatise of Lord Tenterden, or Mr. Abbot, as 
 he is better known, with the additions of Sergeant Shee, and the 
 notes of Judge Story and Mr. Perkins. In all that relates to the 
 mechanical execution, table of cases, index, annotations, and ap 
 pendix, this is incomparably the best edition of ' Abbot on Ship 
 ping,' that has ever been published." Law Reporter. 
 
 Abbot, George, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1562- 
 1633, was a native of Guildford, Surrey. Anthony Wood 
 tells us, at the time he wrote the life of Robert, the brother 
 of George, that the house where these brothers, afterwards 
 so distinguished, were born, was occupied as an ale-house, 
 bearing the sign of the Three Mariners ; it was situated 
 by the river's side, near to the bridge, on the north side 
 of the street, in St. Nicholas's parish. Their father, a 
 cloth-worker, evinced a laudable zeal for their welfare by 
 having them instructed in the Free School of their native 
 place, and then sending them in succession to Baliol Col 
 lege, Oxford. The two boys, thus benefited by paternal 
 care, lived to reward this fatherly interest by the eminence 
 and usefulness to which they both attained. Robert be 
 came Bishop of Salisbury, and George, the subject of our 
 memoir, Archbishop of Canterbury. George entered Ba 
 liol College in 1578 ; became a Fellow in 1593 ; took his 
 degree of D.D. in 1597, and was chosen in the same year 
 Principal of University College. He was installed Dean 
 of Winchester in 1599, and the year following was chosen 
 Vice- Chancellor of the University of Oxford, to which he 
 was again elected in 1603, and in 1608. Dr. Abbot was 
 one of the eight Oxford divines to whom was committed 
 the duty of translating the New Testament, (with the ex 
 ception of the Epistles,) when the version by command of 
 King James was undertaken in 1604. Wood speaks highly 
 of his erudition : 
 
 " He was also a learned man, and had his erudition all of the 
 'old stamp. The things that he hath written show him to be a 
 man of parts, learning, vigilance, and unwearied study, though 
 overwhelmed with business." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 When an effort was made in 1608 to effect a union between 
 the national churches of Scotland and England, Hume, Earl 
 of Dunbar, and Dr. Abbot were despatched to Scotland to 
 further this object. An arrangement was made by which 
 the bishops were to be perpetual moderators in the diocesan 
 synods, and had the power of presentation to benefices, 
 and of deprivation or suspension. The preferment which 
 rewarded Abbot's successful management of this delicate 
 business, is the best evidence of the approbation with 
 which he was regarded by his royal patron. The bishopric 
 of Lichfield and Coventry became vacant in 1609 by the 
 death of Dr. Overton, and Dr. Abbot was appointed his 
 successor. In the next month he was translated to the 
 see of London, vacant by the death of Dr. Thomas Ravis ; 
 and Archbishop Bancroft dying in 1610, Bishop Abbot was 
 'raised to the archiepiscopal see of Canterbury. 
 
 It is not improbable that he owed his advancement as 
 much to his adulation of his royal master whose love of 
 flattery is well known as to the real merit which he un 
 questionably possessed, and his sincere attachment to the 
 Protestant cause, in which his parents had suffered consi 
 derably. In the preface to one of his pamphlets, the fol 
 lowing specimen of ridiculous flattery occurs ; speaking 
 of the king, he says : 
 
 "Whose life hath been so immaculate, and unspotted, Ac., that 
 even malice itself, which leaves nothing unsearchod, could never 
 
ABB 
 
 ABB 
 
 find true blemish in it, nor cast profitable aspersion on it. Zeal 
 ous as a David; learned and wise, the Solomon of our age; reli 
 gious as Josias; careful of spreading Christ's faith as Constantine 
 the Great; just as Moses; undefiled in all his ways as a Jehosha- 
 phat and Hezekiah ; full of clemency as another Theodosius." 
 
 It would also appear, from a letter of King James's to 
 Abbot, first published by Dean Sherlock, that his ideas of 
 regal power were little likely to give offence even to such 
 a prince as James ; nevertheless Abbot could sometimes 
 oppose the will of his sovereign with great decision and 
 firmness, and his moderation in the exercise of his high 
 functions recommended him greatly to the Puritan and 
 popular party. He strenuously promoted the projected 
 match between the Elector Palatine and the Princess 
 Elizabeth, and performed their nuptial ceremony, on the 
 14th of February, 1612. 
 
 " It was acceptable news," says Neal, " to the English Puritans, 
 to hear of a Protestant prince in Bohemia ; and they earnestly de 
 sired his majesty to support him, as' appears by Archbishop Ab 
 bot's letter, who was known to speak the sense of that whole 
 party. This prelate being asked his opinion as a privy councillor, 
 while he was confined to his bed with the gout, wrote the follow 
 ing letter to the secretary of state : < That it was his opinion, that 
 the elector should accept the crown ; that England should support 
 him openly ; and that as soon as news of his coronation should 
 arrive, the bells should be rung, guns fired, and bonfires made to 
 let all England see that the king was determined to countenance 
 him.' The archbishop adds, ' It is a great honour to our king to 
 have such a son made a king ; methinks I foresee in this the work 
 of God, that by degrees the kings of the earth shall leave the 
 whore to desolation. Our striking in will comfort the Bohemians, 
 and bring in the Dutch and the Dane, and Hungary will run the 
 same fortune. As for money and means, let us trust God and the 
 Parliament, as the old and honourable means of raising money. 
 This from my bed, (says the brave old prelate,) September 12, 1619, 
 and when I can stand, I will do better service.' " 
 
 " The affair of the divorce of the Lady Essex, has been consi 
 dered one of the greatest blemishes of James's reign. The king 
 referred the matter to a court of delegates, consisting of bishops 
 and civilians, which he expected would decide in favour of the 
 divorce ; but the archbishop boldly resisted the measure, and sen 
 tence was given in the lady's favour. On another occasion, the 
 archbishop set himself against the views and wishes of the king 
 and court, when these ran counter to a higher allegiance which he 
 owed. Happening to be at Croydon, in 1618, on the day when the 
 king's proclamation permitting sports and pastimes on the Sab 
 bath, was ordered to be read in all churches, he forbade it to be 
 published in the church of that place." Cunningham's Biog. His 
 tory of England. 
 
 " In 1621, whilst taking a journey into Hampshire, the arch 
 bishop was invited by Lord Zouch to hunt in Bramhill Park. Pre 
 tending to be a woodman, he took up a crossbow to make a shot 
 at a buck, but unhappily hit the keeper, who had run in among 
 the herd of deer, to bring them up to a fairer mark. The arrow 
 pierced the left arm, and dividing the large axillary vessels, 
 caused instantaneous death. ' He never spake after,' says Fuller, 
 ' as the person, still alive at Croydon, who brought off his body, 
 Informed me.' This untoward event caused the greatest conster 
 nation the like had never happened in the Church of England ; 
 it was a sore affliction to many good men, who lamented the scan 
 dal which must by this untoward accident inevitably fall upon 
 the church; for in the eye of general councils, and the canon law, 
 the archbishop was wonderfully tainted, and made incapable of 
 performing any sacred function. By the common law, his personal 
 estate was forfeited to the king, who graciously sent him a letter 
 under his own hand, ' that he would not add affliction to his sor 
 row, nor take one farthing from his chattels and movables.' 
 HACKET, p. 65. But the scandal brought upon the church was 
 not so readily removed ; it was a subject of discourse in the foreign 
 universities, and after three several disputations, was declared by 
 the Sorbonnists to amount to a positive irregularity. To add to 
 the difficulty, four bishops elect were waiting for their consecra 
 tion : Dr. Williams, elect of Lincoln ; Dr. Davenant, of Salisbury ; 
 Dr.Cary, of Exeter; Dr. Laud, of St. David's; all of whom, except 
 Davenant, who was under personal obligations to the archbishop, 
 scrupled to have his hands laid upon them, and declined his con 
 secration ; ' not out of enmity, or superstition, (says HACKET, p. 66,) 
 but to be wary, that they might not be attainted with the conta 
 gion of his scandal, and uncanonical condition.' To determine the 
 question, and settle men's minds, the king directed a commission 
 on the 3d of October, to the Lord Keeper, (Williams,) the Bishops 
 of London, (Montague,) Winchester, (Andrews,) and Rochester, 
 (Buckeridge ;) to the elects of Exeter, (Cary,) and St. David's, 
 (Laud ;) Sir Henry Hobart, lord chief justice of the Common Pleas ; 
 Sir John Doddridge, one of the justices of the King's Bench; Sir 
 Henry Martin, dean of the arches ; and Dr. Steward, a civilian. 
 The three following questions were submitted to their decision : 
 1. Whether the archbishop were irregular by the fact of involuntary 
 Tumicidef The two judges and two civilians held the negative; 
 the others held that he was irregular, except Bishop Andrews, who 
 said that he could not conclude so. 2. Whether the act might tend 
 to a scandal in a churchman f Bishop Andrews, Sir H. Hobart, and 
 Dr. Steward, doubted. The rest concurred that there might arise 
 from such an accident, ' scandalum acceptum non datum.' 3. How 
 the archbishop sliould be restored in case he should be found irregular ? 
 All agreed that it could be no otherwise than by restitution from 
 the king; but they dissented in the manner of its being done. 
 . . . But though the archbishop was thus absolved, Williams and 
 the others still scrupled at receiving consecration from his hands, 
 and the king therefore permitted them to be otherwise conse 
 crated.''^ Biog. Brit. 
 
 The archbishop petitioned the king to be permitted to 
 retire, and spend the remainder of his days at his own alms- 
 
 house at Guildford. Howel's Letters, p. 423. However, 
 after the decision of the commission, he returned to Lam 
 beth, and resumed his functions. A monthly fast and 20 
 per annum to the widow proved the sincerity of his grief. 
 After much ill health, which for a season caused a suspen 
 sion of the discharge of his episcopal duties, he regained 
 his health in a great measure, as is proved by the following 
 anecdote, extracted from a MS. letter in the British Mu 
 seum: 
 
 "One day the last week, my lord of Arundel, and his son, my 
 lord Maltravers, having espied my lord of Canterbury's coach on 
 Barnsted Down, coming towards theirs, before they came a butt's 
 length short of it, both their lordships alighted, and went a great 
 pace towards his grace's coach, who, when they were approached, 
 said, ' What! and must my lord Marshal of England take so great 
 pains to do me so much honour? Were my legs as good as my 
 heart, I should have met your lordships the better half of the 
 way.' Then my lord of Arundel replied, ' It might well become an 
 earl Marshal to give so much respect to an Archbishop of Canter 
 bury.' His grace, by his diet, hath so moderated his gout, as it is 
 now rather an infirmity than a pain. He looks fresh, and enjoys 
 his health, and hath his wits arid intellectuals aboxit him. So 
 that, if any other prelate do gape after his benefice, his grace, per 
 haps, according to the old and homely proverb, [may] eat of the 
 goose which shall graze upon his grave." Harl. MSS., 7000. 
 
 His grace was never married, and seems to have had a 
 natural antipathy to women. One day, (as Fuller tells us 
 in his Appeal, &c.) returning in his coach to Croydon, 
 from which he had been some time absent, many people, 
 most women, some of good quality, partly from curiosity 
 and novelty, crowded around his coach to see him. The 
 archbishop, unwilling to be gazed at, and never partial to 
 females, exclaimed, somewhat churlishly, "What makes 
 these women here ?" " You had best," said one of them, 
 " shoot an arrow at us." The archbishop died at Croydon 
 on Sunday, August 4, 1633. His remissness in matters of 
 church discipline has been much censured. Hose's Biog. 
 Diet. ; L' Estrange' s Charles I. 
 
 For further particulars respecting this prelate, the reader 
 is referred to the recorded opinions of his contemporaries, 
 Hacket, Fuller, Osberne, Clarendon, Sanderson, Goodman, 
 Heylin, and others ; also to L'Estrange's " Reign of King 
 Charles," and the Biographia Britannica. 
 
 When Grotius was sent to England upon behalf of the 
 " Remonstrants," he does not seem to have made a very 
 favourable impression upon the archbishop, who draws no 
 flattering picture of the great scholar in a letter to Sir 
 Ralph Winwood. (See Biog. Britannica.) Some extracts 
 from this curious epistle will not be uninteresting to the 
 reader. 
 
 "At his first coming to the king, by reason of his good Latin 
 tongue, he was so tedious, and full of tittle-tattle, that the king's 
 judgment was of him, that he was some pedant, full of words, and 
 of no groat judgment. And I myself discovering that to be his 
 habit, as if he did imagine that every man was bound to hear him, 
 so long as he would talk, (which is a great burthen to men replete 
 with business,) did privately give him notice thereof, that he 
 should plainly and directly deliver his mind, or else he would 
 make the king weary of him. This, one would think, would prove 
 a sufficient hint to the garrulous Hollander to repress his loqua 
 city, but it seems otherwise. Afterwards he fell to it again, as was 
 especially observed one night at supper, at the Lord Bishop of 
 Ely's, whither being brought by Mr. Casaubon, (as I think,) my 
 lord intreated him to stay to supper, which he did. There was 
 present. Dr. Steward, and another civilian, unto whom he flings 
 out some question of that profession, and was so full of words, 
 that Dr. Steward afterwards told my lord, that he did perceive by 
 him, that like a smatterer, he had studied some two or three ques 
 tions, whereof when he came in company, he must be talking to 
 vindicate his skill; but if he were put from those, he would show 
 himself but a simple fellow." 
 
 What a character of the great Grotius ! He seems to 
 have been a kind of ancient Coleridge, without the patient 
 audience, and remarkable power of attraction, which that 
 eminent conversationist so often enjoyed. The hospitable 
 prelate of Ely seems to have been as much overwhelmed 
 with the tide of talk as were the guests : 
 
 "My lord of Ely, sitting still at the supper all the while, and 
 wondering what a man he had there, who, never being in the place 
 or company before, could overwhelm with talk for so long a time." 
 
 The archbishop was the author of the following works : 
 
 1. Qusestiones Sex, totidem Praelectionibus in schola The- 
 ologica Oxonise pro forma habitis discussse et disceptnte, 
 Anno 1597 ; in quibus e Sacra Scriptura et Patribus Anti- 
 quissimus quid statuendum sit, definit, Oxon. 1598, 4to. 
 Franckfort, 1616, 4to, published by Abraham Sculetus. 
 
 2. Exposition on the Prophet Jonah, by way of Sermon, 
 Oxford, 1600, 4to. These sermons were received with great 
 applause, and were reprinted in 1613. 3. A preface to the 
 examination of George Sprot. The reasons which Dr. 
 Hill hath brought for the upholding of Papistry, Oxon. 
 1604, 4to. 4. Sermon preached at Westminster, at tbo 
 Funeral of the Earl of Dorset, 1608, 4to. 5. Translation 
 of a part of the New Testament, with the rest of the Ox- 
 
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 ford Divines, 1611. 6. Geography, or a Brief Description 
 of the Whole World, wherein is particularly described all 
 the Monarchies, Empires, and Kingdoms of the same, with 
 their Academies, London, 1617, 4to; 1636, 1642, 12mo; 
 1664, 8vo; numerous editions. 7. A Short Apology for 
 Archbishop Abbot, touching the death of Peter Hawkins. 
 8. A Treatise on the Visibility and Succession of the true 
 Church in all Ages, London, 1624, 4to, (anon.) 9. Narra 
 tive, containing the true Cause of his Sequestration and 
 Disgrace at Court, in two parts, written at Ford in Kent, 
 1627. 10. Judgment on Bowing at the Name of Jesus, 
 Harnb., 1632, 8vo. 11. History of the Massacre in the 
 Valtoline. (See Fox's Acts.) 12 Answer to the Questions 
 of the Citizens of London, concerning Cheapside Cross, in 
 January, 1600, not printed until 1641. 13. The Case, &c., 
 as debated in England anno 1613, in the Trial between 
 Robert Earl of Essex, and the Lady Frances Howard ; re 
 printed in London, 1715, 12mo. We also refer the reader 
 to the Life of Dr. George Abbot, Lord Archbishop of Can 
 terbury, reprinted with some additions and corrections 
 from the Biographia Britannica, with his character by the 
 Rt. Hon. Arthur Onslow; A Description of the Hospital 
 which he erected and endowed, in his native town of 
 Guildford in Surrey ; Correct Copies of the Charter and 
 Statutes of the same; his Will, &c. To which are added 
 the Lives of his two Brothers, Dr. Robert Abbot, and Sir 
 Thomas Maurice Abbot, Guilf. 1777, 8vo. The exposi 
 tion on Jonah 
 
 " In genuine worth is, to many works of a like kind, as the solid 
 weight to the small dust of the balance." Eclectic Review. 
 
 Abbot, George, 1604-1648, nephew of the preceding. 
 Elected probationer fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 
 1624. He married a daughter of Colonel Purefoy, of 
 Caldecote-hall, Warwickshire, and defended the colonel's 
 house, by the help of his servants only, against Princes 
 Rupert and Maurice, with eighteen troops of horse. He 
 wrote, 1. The whole Book of Job paraphrased, London, 
 4to, 1640. 2. Vindiciae Sabbati, or an answer to two trea 
 tises of Mr. Broad, London, 1641, 4to. 3. Brief Notes 
 upon the whole Book of Psalms, London, 1651, 4to. He 
 died February 4, 1648. 
 
 Abbot, Henry? Lecturer of St. John's the Baptist, 
 Bristol. Author of, 1. County Feast, a Sermon on Psalm 
 cxxxiii. 1, Bristol, 1703. 2. The Use and Benefit of Church 
 Music, towards quickening our Devotion : on Psalm Ixxxi. 
 12, 1724. 
 
 Abbot, Henry. The Transport's Monitor. London, 
 1805. 
 
 Abbot, Hull, a minister of Charlestown, Massachu 
 setts, graduated at Harvard College, 1720, ordained Feb 
 ruary 5, 1724, and died April 19, 1774, aged 80 years. He 
 published the following sermons: 1. On the Artillery 
 Election, 1735. 2. On the Rebellion in Scotland, 1746. 
 3. Against Profane Cursing and Swearing, 1747. 
 
 Abbot, John, author of a poem entitled Jesus Pre 
 figured; or a Poeme of the Holy Name of Jesus. Per- 
 missu Superiorum, 1623, 4to, dedicated to Prince Charles. 
 Nassau's Sale, No. 136, 16s. 
 
 Abbot, John, many years a resident of Georgia. The 
 Natural History of the rarer Lepidopterous Insects of 
 Georgia. Edited by Sir J. E. Smith, London, 1797, with 
 104 coloured plates; published at 21. 
 
 " A sumptuous work, but in little estimation, as the plates are 
 not considered accurate." LOWNDES. 
 
 Abbot, Robert, 1560-1617, elder brother to the Arch 
 bishop, was educated at the same school with his brother. 
 Upon an oration made by him, on the day of Queen Eliz 
 abeth's inauguration, he was chosen scholar of Baliol 
 College. In 1594, he obtained some celebrity as an author 
 by a book which he published against a Romanist, entitled 
 The Mirror of Popish Subtilties, <fec. In 1597, he was 
 made a doctor of divinity; in 1601, he published The 
 Exultation of the Kingdom and Priesthood of Christ, 
 being a collection of Sermons on the first part of the 110th 
 Psalm. King James I. was so much pleased with Dr. 
 Abbot's treatise, " Antichrist! Demonstrati contra fabulas 
 Pontificius et ineptam Rob. Bellarmini de Antichristo dis- 
 putationem," that he commanded his own Commentary on 
 the Apocalypse to be appended to the second edition of 
 this treatise, which was published in 1608, 8vo. In 1615, 
 he was promoted to the see of Salisbury, and died March 
 2, 1617. Dr. Abbot also published, 1. A defence of the 
 Reformed Catholic of Mr. William Perkins, 1606, 1607, 
 and 1609, to which work he added a particular treatise, 
 entitled, The true ancient Roman Catholic. 2. Antologia 
 contra, apologiam A. Endaemon Johannem, London, 1613, 
 4to, containing much curious information on the Gun 
 powder Plot. 3. Lectures under the title of Excercita- 
 
 tiones de Gratia et Perseverantia Sanctorum, Lon., 1618 ; 
 Frank., 1619. 4. De Suprema Potestate Regia, contra Bel- 
 larminum et Suarez, Lon., 1619. 5. A very complete Com 
 mentary on the Romans, in MS., now in the Bodleian 
 Library. Rose's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Abbot, Robert, 1585-1653, was originally of the 
 University of Cambridge ; incorporated Master of Arts of 
 Oxford, July 14, 1607. Works: 1. Serm. on Psalm xxxi. 
 21, Lon., 1626. 2. Four Serms. on Judges, Matthew, and 
 1 Timothy, Lon., 1639. 3. Trial of our Church Forsakers 
 against Brownists, Lon., 1639. 4. Milk for Babes : a Cate 
 chism, with three Serms., Lon., 1646. 5. Serms., entitled 
 The Young Man's Warning Piece, Prov. iv, 19, 1662. 
 
 Abbot, Robert, of Huntfield. 
 
 " There was about the same time a Robert Abbot of Huntfield, 
 mentioned by Dr. Pulteney as a learned preacher and an excellent 
 and diligent herbalist, who assisted the celebrated Johnson in his 
 works." Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Probably the author of A Christian Family, builded by 
 God, or Directions for Governors of Families, on Psalm 
 oxxvi. 1, Lon., 1653. 
 
 Abbot, T. Eastoc. Peace; a Lyric Poem, Lon., 1814. 
 
 Abbot. Designs for Coaches, <fcc., Lon., 1763. 
 
 Abbott, Benj. V., b. 1830, Boston; Austin, b. 1831, 
 Boston; and Lyman, b. 1835, Roxbury, Mass. These 
 three brothers, sons of Jacob Abbott, are engaged in the 
 practice of law in New York City. They are authors of 
 several legal works published under their copartnership- 
 name, "Abbott Brothers." Admiralty Reports, 1 vol. ; 
 N. York Practice Reports, 6 vols., (still continued;) Forms 
 of Pleading under the New York Code, 1 vol. They have 
 also published an edition of Sedgwick on Damages, with 
 Notes; and have contributed numerous legal articles to 
 Livingston's Law Mag., Hunt's Merchant's Mag., The Young 
 Men's Mag., and other periodicals. The novel Conecut 
 Corners, written in support of the policy of prohibitory 
 temperance-laws, and published under their nom de plume, 
 "Benanly," (under which they have made many contri 
 butions to current literature,) is also the joint production of 
 these brothers. 
 
 Abbott, Rev. Jacob, b. 1803, at Hallowell, Maine, 
 graduated at Bowdoin College, 1820. Mr. Abbott's prin 
 cipal works are The Young Christian, The Corner-Stone, 
 Way to do Good, The Teacher r Hoary Head and McDonner, 
 Summer in Scotland, A Series of Histories of Celebrated 
 Sovereigns, and a large number of juvenile works, such as 
 The Rollo Books, 28 vols. ; The Franconia Stories, 10 vols. ; 
 Marco Paul's Adventures, 6 vols.; Harper's Story-Books, 
 36 vols. ; The Little Learner Series, 5 vols., &c. These works 
 have had an extensive circulation in this country, and have 
 nearly all been republished repeatedly, and in many different 
 forms, in England. Many of them have been translated 
 into various foreign languages both in Europe and Asia. 
 
 Sir John Williams remarks of " The Young Christian," 
 " I have seldom seen a religious publication so striking and sc 
 adapted for usefulness." 
 
 " Jacob Abbott's last work, ' The Way to do Good,' will, I think, 
 please you very much. It is delightful to read a book so good and 
 so sensible, so zealous for what is valuable, so fan* about what is 
 indifferent." The late Dr. Arnold, in a letter to Sir Thomas Parley. 
 " THE LIFE OF MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTLAND. This is the first of a 
 series, and promises well for the whole." Lon. Athen. 
 
 "THE LIFE OF HANNIBAL THE CARTHA<}ENIAN is written in the 
 same easy style that characterizes the author's other compilations." 
 Lon. Athenseum. 
 
 Abbott, Major James, of the Bengal Artillery. 1. 
 T'Hakoorine ; a Tale of Maandoo, Lon., 12mo. 2. Nar 
 rative of a Journey from Heraut to Khiva, Moscow, and 
 St. Petersburg; 2d ed., 2 vols. 8vo. See Lon. Obs., Dec. 9, 
 1855, and Lon. Econ., Nov. 17, for commendatory notices. 
 
 Abbott, Rev. John S. C., brother of Rev. Jacob 
 Abbott, b. 1805, at Brunswick, Maine, graduated at Bowdcin 
 College, 1825, and at the Theological Seminary in Andover, 
 Mass., 1829. His principal works are The Mother at 
 Home, first pub. 1833; The Child at Home; Kings and 
 Queens; the Histories of Marie Antoinette, Josephine, 
 Mad. Roland, Cortez, Henry IV. of France, King Philip, 
 Sovereign Chief of the Wampanoags : these six vols. 
 constitute Abbott's Historical Series. The History of Na 
 poleon Bonaparte, 2 vols. r. 8vo, profusely illustrated. This 
 work has been very severely criticized, with what justice 
 must be referred to the judgment of the intelligent reader. 
 All of these works have had a very extensive sale. The 
 Mother at Home has been translated into nearly all the 
 languages of modern Europe, and has been republished in 
 Asia and Africa. It is considered one of the best exposi 
 tions of the important responsibilities of which it treats. 
 Napoleon at St. Helena, 8vo; Confidential Correspond 
 ence of Napoleon and Josephine ; History of the French 
 Revolution. 
 
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 ABE 
 
 A respectable authority thus commends Mr. Abbott's 
 Mother at Home : 
 
 " There has never before, perhaps, issued from the press a work 
 BO important to mothers as the one before us. It takes such esti 
 mates of the maternal character as are overwhelming in their so 
 lemnity. The author has shown himself a master of his subject, 
 and he has treated it with equal delicacy and force." London 
 Evangelical Magazine. 
 
 Abdy, E. S. 1. Cases of Diseases cured by Cold Water, 
 Lon., 8vo. 2. Residence and Tour in U.S., 1833, '34, Svols. 
 p. 8vo. 
 
 Abdy, Stotherd, Archdeacon of Essex. 1. A Sermon 
 before the Sons of the Clergy, 1759. 2. A Sermon at a 
 School Feast, 1763. 3. Sermon preached at the Assizes 
 holden at Chelmsford, before the Hon. Mr. Baron Perrot, 
 1773. 
 
 Abdy, T. A., Rector of Thoydangarnon. A Sermon 
 preached before the Epping Troop of West Essex, Y~ C., 
 1797. 
 
 Abdy, Wm. Jervis, Rector of St. John's, South wark. 
 The British Christian's Duty to make Prayers and Suppli 
 cations for the King in the Day of Trouble, a Sermon, 
 Psalm xx. 1-4, London, 1812. 
 
 Abdy, Mrs., an English lady, favourably known as a 
 contributor to the periodical literature of the day. A vol 
 ume of her poems has been printed for private circulation. 
 Her writings are deserving of high praise for their reli 
 gious spirit and grace of style. 
 
 A Becket, Gilbert Abbott. See BECKET, p. 152. 
 
 A Becket, St. Thomas. See BECKET, p. 152. 
 
 Abeel, David, 1804-1846, b. New Brunswick, N.J., a 
 missionary of the Dutch Reformed Church to the East. 1. 
 Journal of a Residence in China, 1829-33. 2. Missionary 
 Convention at Jerusalem, 1838, N. York, 12mo. 3. The 
 Claims of the World to the Gospel. See Memoirs, by Rev. 
 G. R. Williamson, 1849. 
 
 Abel, Clark, M.D., 1780-1826, principal medical officer 
 and naturalist to the embassy of Lord Amherst to China in 
 1816. Personal Observations made during the Progress of 
 the British Embassy through China, and on its Voyage to 
 and from that Country, in the Years 1816-17, 1818, 4to. 
 This work, valuable as it is, would have been much fuller 
 had not many of the doctor's papers been lost in the "Al- 
 ceste" on her return voyage. 
 
 Abel, Thomas. See ABLE. 
 
 Abell, John, an English musician. A Collection of 
 Songs in several Languages, London, 1701. 
 
 Abell, Mrs. L. G. Gems by the Wayside, N. York, 
 12mo. The Skilful Housewife's Book, N. York, 12mo. 
 
 Abercrombie, John, 1726-1806, a Scotchman, who 
 wrote many works on Horticulture. His first work, the 
 Gardener's Calendar, was published in the name of Mr. 
 Mawe, gardener to the Duke of Leeds. For. this loan of 
 his name, Mr. Mawe received a gratuity of twenty guineas. 
 Abercrombie published fourteen works on his favourite 
 subject, the most important of which was The Universal 
 Gardener and Botanist, or a General Dictionary of Gar 
 dening and Botany, exhibiting in botanical arrangement, 
 according to the Linnaean System, every Tree, Shrub, and 
 Herbaceous Plant that merits Culture, &c., London, 1778. 
 
 Abercrombie, John, M. D., 1781-1841, born at 
 Aberdeen. He was deservedly esteemed in his profession, 
 and equally so as a writer upon Metaphysics. He made 
 the physician the instructor of the philosopher, and sanc 
 tified the knowledge of the one and the meditations of the 
 other by the most fervent piety. With these qualifications 
 for usefulness, the death of Dr. Abercrombie was indeed a 
 public calamity. He studied in Edinburgh, and took his 
 degree there on June 4, 1803. He became a Fellow of the 
 Royal College of Surgeons in 1805. On the decease of the 
 celebrated Dr. Gregory, in 1821, he began to occupy the 
 most prominent position as a practising and consulting 
 physician not only in Edinburgh, but in all Scotland. 
 
 " The writings of Dr. Abercrombie contribute no less to the esta 
 blishment and maintenance of his fame than his very useful career 
 as a practical member of his profession." 
 
 1. Pathological and Practical Researches on Diseases 
 of the Spinal Cord, Edin., 1828, 8vo. 
 
 "In this work, which is characterized by no ordinary degree 
 Of purely scientific knowledge, he also gave an indication of the 
 bent of his genius to the study of mind and its relations to the 
 body." 
 
 2. Pathological and Practical Researches on the Diseases 
 of the Intestinal Canal, Liver, and other Viscera of the Ab 
 domen, Edin., 1828, 8vo. His Inquiries concerning the In 
 tellectual Powers was published in 1830, The Philosophy 
 of the Moral Feelings in 1833. 
 
 " On the whole, this work [Intellectual Powers] must be con 
 sidered as containing much useful information. If some of his 
 
 arguments are formed with little attention to vigour, we must re 
 member that he wrote for many who cannot appreciate a course 
 of reasoning that is not conducted in a popular manner." Nortti 
 American Review. 
 
 Abercrombie, Patrick, M. D., 1656-1720, born at 
 Forfar, in Angus. His principal work was The Martial 
 Achievements of the Scots Nation, Edinburgh, 1711-15, 
 of which Lowndes says : 
 
 " The first volume abounds in the marvellous, but the second is 
 valuable on account of its accurate information respecting the 
 British history in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Rox 
 burgh, 5. 7. 6." 
 
 Abercromby, David, a Scotchman, the author of a 
 number of medical works, published from 1684-87. 
 
 Abercromby, David, supposed to be the same as the 
 preceding, wrote, 1. Protestancy to be embraced, or a Me 
 thod to reduce Romanists from Popery to Protestancy, 
 London, 1682. 2. A Moral Discourse on the power of 
 Interest, London, 1690-94, and 1744. 
 
 Aberdeen, George, Earl of. An Inquiry into the 
 Principles of Beauty in Grecian Architecture, Lond., 1822. 
 
 Aberdour, Alexander. Observations on Small Pox, 
 Ac., Edinburgh, 1791. 
 
 Abernethie, Thomas, sometime a Jesuit. 1. Ab 
 juration of Popery, Edinburgh, 1638. 2. His Speech, 
 wherein is discovered the Villany and Hellish Plots, 
 wrought in the Pope's Court, against these our Three King 
 doms, London, 1641. 
 
 Abernethy, John, Bishop of Caithness. Christian 
 and Heavenly Treatise concerning Physicke for the Soule. 
 London, 1622. 
 
 Abernethy, John, 1680-1740, born at Coleraine, died 
 at Dublin, a Presbyterian divine, and noted for his zeal in 
 the cause of the Protestant religion. 
 
 " He was a burning and a shining light in his day. Polished in 
 manners, possessing a rich fund of intelligence, with uncommon 
 powers of conversation, &c., he was esteemed and admired as a 
 man, in the private intercourse of life." JAMIESOX. 
 
 His Sermons on the Being and Perfections of God were 
 widely celebrated, as is evinced by the many editions which 
 have been printed. Four volumes of Posthumous Sermons 
 were published in 1748, 1751, with a life of the author 
 prefixed. 
 
 "For solidity of argument, strength and clearness of reasoning, 
 and justness of sentiment, the Discourses on the Attributes are 
 equal, if not superior, to any thing of the kind in the English lan 
 guage." Protestant Preacher. 
 
 These Discourses were published, London, 1740, &c. 
 
 Abernethy, John, 1763-1831, Surgeon to St. Bar 
 tholomew's Hospital, London, and Teacher of Anatomy 
 and Surgery. His birthplace is a matter of doubt , either 
 the town of Abernethy in Scotland, or Derry in Ireland. 
 He was sixteen years of age when apprenticed to Mr. 
 (afterwards Sir Charles) Blick, then Surgeon to St. Bar 
 tholomew's Hospital. At the age of twenty-two, he was 
 appointed Assistant Surgeon, and at the death of Sir Charles 
 Blick he succeeded to the principal post. In 1793, he 
 commenced his series of physiological and surgical essays, 
 which in 1797 were combined into an 8vo volume. In 
 1784, he published part of his Surgical Observations, con 
 taining a classification of tumours, with cases to illustrate 
 the history of each species, &c., and two years afterwards, 
 Part Second appeared, presenting an account of disorders 
 of the health in general, and of the digestive organs in 
 particular, which accompany local diseases and obstruct 
 their cure. In 1809, he gave to the public his work on the 
 Constitutional Origin and Treatment of Local Disease, 
 and on Aneurism. A separate volume was likewise pub 
 lished by him on Diseases resembling Syphilis, and In 
 juries of the Head ; as also, (in 1814,) An Inquiry into 
 the Probability and Rationality of Hunter's Theory of 
 Life, in which he embodied the substance of the first two 
 lectures he delivered before the College of Surgeons, as 
 their professor, and wherein he maintained and illustrated 
 the doctrines of his great master. He expired at his coun 
 try residence at Enfield, April 20, 1831. His disease 
 was asthma, (complicated probably with diseased heart, 
 although he attributed much to the stomach,) and conse 
 quent dropsy. His body was not examined, in accordance, 
 as it is understood, with his own desire. As a surgeon, 
 Abernethy was surpassed by none of his contemporaries. 
 Hunter had previously proposed and practised the appli 
 cation of ligature on the femoral artery for the cure of 
 popliteal aneurism; and this principle was further and 
 successfully extended by Abernethy to the external iliac 
 and carotid arteries, in the treatment of the same disease in 
 some of their offsets. His simple and impressive style of lec 
 turing never failed to enchain the attention of his audience ; 
 while a certain degree of dogmatism and contempt of those 
 
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 ABR 
 
 who differed from him had too much the effect of render 
 ing his hearers any thing but humble-minded in their judg 
 ment of others. In his writings, as in his lectures, his 
 style is clear, simple, and concise. Rose's New Biog. Diet. 
 His great success in life must be, in a great measure, attri 
 buted to his having directed the attention of the public to 
 the influence of derangement of the organs of digestion 
 on all the diseases to which flesh is heir. This view of the 
 subject was not altogether novel, but the profession had 
 not paid sufficient attention to it. Abernethy always op 
 posed, with great zeal, the artificial line of demarcation 
 drawn between surgery and medicine j he considering the 
 two sciences as " one and indivisible." Let the reader 
 imagine a snug, elderly, sleek, and venerable-looking man, 
 approaching seventy years of age, rather below than above 
 the middle height, somewhat inclined to corpulency, and 
 still upright in his carriage, with his hair most primly 
 powdered, and nicely curled round his brow and temples. 
 Let them imagine such a person habited in sober black, 
 with his feet thrust carelessly in a pair of unlaced half- 
 boots, and his hands deposited in the pockets of his "pe 
 culiars," and they have the " glorious John" of the pro 
 fession before their eyes. Physic and Physicians. Aber 
 nethy's rudeness of manner is well known, and was a great 
 blemish in the character of one who really possessed a 
 most benevolent heart. We subjoin some anecdotes of this 
 eminent physician, collected from various sources. 
 
 His eccentricities disgusted so many patients, that Sir 
 Astley Cooper used to say, "Abernethy's manner was 
 worth a thousand a year to him." 
 
 Some of his patients he would cut short with " Sir, I 
 have heard enough! You have heard of my book?" 
 " Yes." " Then go home and read it." To a lady com 
 plaining of low spirits, he would say, " Don't come to me ! 
 Go and buy a skipping-rope !" Sometimes, however, he 
 met with his match : Cutting a gentleman, one day, short, 
 the patient suddenly locked the door, slipped the key into 
 his pocket, and protested he would be heard; which so 
 pleased Abernethy, that he not only complied with the 
 patient's wishes, but complimented him on the resolute 
 manner he adopted. 
 
 He was a great enemy to prolix explanations on the part 
 of his patients. " People come here," he would often say, 
 " to consult me, and they will torture me with their long, 
 foolish, fiddle-de-dee stories ; so we quarrel ; and then they 
 blackguard me all about this busy town ; but I can't help 
 that." A lady, determined to treat him after his own 
 fashion, having in some way injured her thumb, on enter 
 ing his room, merely thrust it out towards him, with " My 
 thumb, sir !" " You, madam," said he, " are the only sen 
 sible woman I ever had for a patient." 
 
 The Duke of W , having insisted on seeing him out 
 
 of his usual hours, abruptly entered his parlour one day ; 
 he asked him how he got into the room. " By the door," 
 was the reply. " Then," said Abernethy, " I recommend 
 you to make your exit by the same way." He refused to 
 attend George the Fourth until he had delivered his lecture 
 at the hospital ; in consequence of which he lost a royal 
 appointment. 
 
 On Abernethy's receiving the appointment of Professor 
 of Anatomy and Surgery to the Royal College of Physi 
 cians, a professional friend observed to him that they 
 should have something new. "What do you mean?" 
 asked Abernethy. " Why," said the other, " of course you 
 will brush up the lectures which you have been so long de 
 livering at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and let us have 
 them in an improved form." " Do you take me for a fool 
 or a knave ?" rejoined Abernethy. " I have always given 
 the students at the hospital that to which they were enti 
 tled the best produce of my mind. If I could have made 
 my lectures to them better, I would certainly have made 
 them so. I will give the College of Surgeons precisely the 
 same lectures, down to the smallest details ; nay, I will tell 
 the old fellows how to make a poultice." Soon after, when 
 he was lecturing to the students at St. Bartholomew's, and 
 adverting to the College of Surgeons, he chucklingly ex 
 claimed, " I told the big wigs how to make a poultice." 
 It is said, by those who have seen it, that Dr. Abernethy's 
 explanation of the art of making a poultice was irresisti 
 bly entertaining. His hobby retained full possession of 
 his mind to the end of his life. He attributed, as we have 
 seen, his disease in a great measure to the stomach. He 
 said, " It is all stomach : we use our stomach ill when we 
 are young, and it uses us ill when we are old." 
 
 He wrote for Dr. Rees's Cyclopaedia the anatomical and 
 physiological articles, from the letter A to the word Canal ; 
 of which that on Artery is considered the most important. 
 Georgian Era ; "Physic and Physicians." 
 
 The following is a list of his works : 1. Surgical and 
 Physiological Essays, London, 1793-97, three parts. 2. 
 Surgical Observations, containing a Classification of Tu 
 mours, with cases to illustrate the History of each Species. 
 An account of Diseases which strikingly resemble the Ve 
 nereal Disease, and various Cases illustrative of different 
 Surgical Subjects, London, 1804. 3. Surgical Observa 
 tions, Part Second, containing an Account of the Disorders 
 of the Health in general, and of the Digestive Organs in 
 particular, which accompany Local Diseases, and obstruct 
 their cure. Observations on the diseases of the Urethra, 
 particularly of that part which is surrounded by the Pros 
 tate Gland : and observations relative to the Treatment 
 of one species of the Nsevi Maternse, London, 1806, 1816. 
 The four following articles may be considered as an en 
 larged edition of this and the preceding : 4. Surgical Ob 
 servations on the Constitutional Origin and Treatment of 
 Local Diseases, and on Aneurisms, London, 1809 ; third 
 edition, 1813. 5. Surgical Observations, Part Second, 
 containing Observations on the Origin and Treatment of 
 Pseudo-syphilitic Diseases, and on Diseases of the Urethra, 
 London, 1810. 6. Surgical Observations on Injuries of 
 the Head, and other Miscellaneous Subjects, London, 1810. 
 7. Surgical Observations on Tumours, and on Lumbar Ab 
 scess, London, 1811. This and the preceding are intended 
 to form two volumes. 8. An Inquiry into the Probability 
 and Rationality of Mr. Hunter's Theory of Life, being the 
 subject of the first two Anatomical Lectures before the 
 Royal College of Surgeons, London, 1814. 9. The Intro 
 ductory Lecture for the year 1815, exhibiting some of Mr. 
 Hunter's Opinions respecting Diseases; delivered before 
 the Royal College of Surgeons, London, 1815. 10. Phy 
 siological Lectures, 1817. Surgical Works, anew edition, 
 1815. 11. An Account of a singular Disease in the Upper 
 Maxillary Sinus. Trans. Med. et Chir. 2p. 309, 1800. 12. 
 Account of Two Instances of Uncommon Formations in 
 the Viscera of the Human Body. Phil. Trans., 1793, Abr. 
 18p. 295. 13. Observations on the Foramen Thebesii of 
 the Heart. Phil. Trans., 1798, Abr. 18p. 287. 14. Some 
 Particulars in the Anatomy of the Whale. Phil. Trans. 
 IV. 1796, Abr. 18p. 675. The celebrated "My Book," to 
 which he was so fond of referring his patients, was the 
 " Surgical Observations, <fcc." (See Nos. 2 and 3 above.) He 
 thus addresses a patient, " Well, sir, as to the question of 
 diet, I must refer you to my book. There are only about 
 a dozen pages, in which you will find (beginning at page 
 73) all that is necessary for you to know. I am christened 
 ' Doctor My-Book,' and satirized under that name all over 
 England ; but who would sit and listen to a long lecture 
 of twelve pages, or remember one-half of it when it is 
 done ? So I have reduced my directions into writing, and 
 there they are, for anybody to follow, if they please." 
 
 The reader should procure Mr. George Macilwain's Me 
 moirs of John Abernethy, with a view of his Writings, 
 Lectures, and Character, London, 2 vols., p. 8vo. 1853. 
 
 " Abernethy's memory is worthy of a good biographer, and hap 
 pily it has found one. Mr. Macilwain writes well; and, evidently, 
 in giving the history of his deceased friend he executed a labour 
 of love." London Standard. 
 
 'Abingdon, Earl of. See BERTIE, WILLOUGHBY. 
 Abingdon, or Abiugton, or Habington, Thomas. 
 
 Antiquities of the Cathedral Churches of Chichester and 
 Litchfield, London, 1717. Reprinted under the title of 
 Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Worcester, to -which 
 are added the Antiquities of the Cathedrals of Chichester 
 and Litchfield, London, 1723. 
 
 Abington, William. See HABINGTON. 
 
 Able or Abel, Thomas, an English divine, executed 
 at Smithfield, temp. Henry VIII., 1540. The title which 
 follows sufficiently explains the offence given to the king ; 
 to which Able added the still further provocation of 'de 
 nying the king's supremacy in matters ecclesiastical: 
 1. Tractatus de non dissolvendo Henrici et Catherine 
 matrimonio, Invicta Veritas. An Answer that by no man 
 ner of means it may be lawful for the King to be divorced 
 from the Queen's Grace, his lawful Wife. The king did 
 not, as in the case of Luther, attempt to confute Dr. Able 
 by polemical arguments, but this being a question where 
 the sword was likely to be more powerful than the pen, 
 his majesty brought into requisition a logic which has 
 never failed to silence if not convince. Dr. Abie's rea 
 soning may have been perfect, but he argued at a disad 
 vantage. Between a syllogism and an axe the contest is 
 unequal. The king gained his point, for he was divorced, 
 and remarried; while good Dr. Able sealed his testimony 
 at Smithfield. 
 
 Abrabahel, Solomon. Complaints of the Children 
 of Israel, <fec., London, 1736. This refers to the Test Act. 
 
ABR 
 
 ADA 
 
 Abraham, J. H.. Juvenile Essays, <fcc., London, 1806. 
 
 Acca, died 740. In the course of his numerous writ 
 ings, Bede introduces the names of several of his literary 
 friends, most of whom, as we learn from other sources, 
 were eminently distinguished for their learning and virtues. 
 
 Many of the most important of his commentaries on the 
 Scriptures were composed at the desire of Acca, Bishop 
 of Hexham, and dedicated to that prelate. Acca was a 
 man of considerable learning, and great piety ; he had re 
 ceived his first instructions among the congregation of 
 scholars assembled around Bishop Bosa, and he quitted 
 their society to place himself under Wilfred, who ordained 
 him a presbyter. He continued to be one of Wilfred's 
 most faithful followers until his death, accompanied him 
 on his last journey to Rome, (where he finished his studies,) 
 and was chosen to succeed him in the see of Hexham. 
 Bede describes the zeal with which he laboured to adorn 
 and enlarge his church, and to enrich it with " a most 
 ample and noble library." In 731, when Bede completed 
 his history, Acca is mentioned as still holding the bishop 
 ric of Hexham ; but soon afterwards, in 732 or 733, he was 
 driven from it for some cause now unknown. He seems 
 to have retired to Whitern, (Candida Casa,) where he re 
 mained a few years. The date of his death is uncertain ; 
 but the best authorities place it on the twentieth of Oc 
 tober, 740, when his body was carried to Hexham, to be 
 hurled in the church which owed to him so much of its 
 beauty. Bale and Pits have so far misunderstood the 
 words of Bede, as to attribute to Acca a collection of lives 
 of the saints whose relics were deposited in the church of 
 Hexham, and a treatise, " De ecclesiasticis sui chori offi- 
 ciis." On the same authority also, Leyser places the name 
 of Acca in the list of mediaeval Latin poets. Leland speaks 
 as having seen a collection of his letters, one of which, 
 addressed to Bede, is still preserved, in which he urges 
 that scholar to devote his learning to the illustration of 
 the Scriptures. Abbreviated from Wright's JB log. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Accum, Frederick, 1769-1838, born at Westphalia, 
 teacher of practical chemistry, pharmacy, and mineralogy, 
 London. 1. System of Theoretical and Practical Che 
 mistry, plates, 2 vols., 1803. 2. A Practical Essay on the 
 Analysis of Minerals, exemplifying the best methods of 
 analyzing ores, earths, stones, inflammable fossils, and mi 
 neral substances in general, 1804. 3. A Manual of Ana 
 lytical Mineralogy, intended to facilitate the Practical 
 Analysis of minerals, 2 vols., 1808. 4. A Practical Trea 
 tise on Gas-lights, exhibiting a summary Description of the 
 Apparatus and Machinery best calculated for illuminating 
 streets, houses, and manufactories, illustrated with seven 
 coloured plates, 1815. 5. Chemical Recreations. 6. A 
 Practical Essay, or Chemical Re-agents, or Tests, illus 
 trated by a series of experiments, 1816. 7. Chemical 
 Amusements, comprising a series of curi-us and instructive 
 Experiments in Chemistry, 1817. In addition to these 
 works, Mr. Accum was the author of many contributions 
 to Nicholson's Journal. 
 
 Achard. Remarks on Swallows, Ac., Phil. Trans. 
 
 Achard. Treatises on Chemistry, 1784. 
 
 Achard, F. C. Cultivation of the Beet; Phil. Trans. 
 
 Acherley, Roger. 1. Britannic Constitution; or, 
 The Fundamental Form of Government in Britain, demon 
 strating the original contract entered into by the King and 
 People, Lon., 1727. 2. The Free Parliament, 1731, 8vo. 3. 
 Reasons for Uniformity in the State : being a Supplement 
 to the Britannic Constitution, 1780, 8vo. 
 
 Achesone, James. Military Garden, Edin., 1629. 
 
 Ackin, Joseph. Mysteries of Counterfeiting, 1696. 
 
 Ackland, J. True Patriotism, 1818. 
 
 Ackland, J., a political economist. An Answer to a 
 Pamphlet published by Edward King, Esq., in which he at 
 tempts to prove the Public Utility of the National Debt; a 
 confutation of that pernicious doctrine, and a true state 
 ment of the real cause of the present high price of pro 
 visions, 1796. 
 
 Ackland, Thomas Gilbank, of St. John's College, 
 Cambridge, author of Miscellaneous Poems, 1812. Two 
 Sermons, published 1789, 1813. 
 
 Ackworth, George, LL.D, an English divine and 
 civilian, temp. Queen Mary. He assisted Archbishop 
 Parker in his Antiquitates Britannicae, and wrote against 
 the Roman Catholic Church. His works were published, 
 1562, 1573, 1577. 
 
 Acland, Hugh Dyke. A Brief sketch of the History 
 and Present Situation of the Vaudois, 1825. 
 
 Acres, Joseph. Author of sundry sermons, London. 
 1714-23. 
 
 Acryse, L. Church Catechism explained, Lond., 1702. 
 
 Acton, E. de. Published sundry novels, 1803-10. 
 34 
 
 Acton. Fruit from Canaan, London, 1709. 
 
 Acton, George. Medical writer, published London, 
 1668-70. 
 
 Acton, Henry. Six Lectures on the Dignity, Office, 
 and Work of our Lord Jesus Christ. In explanation of 
 Unitarian views of the Gospel, 12ruo., London, 1830. 
 
 Acton, J. Contributor to Nich. Journal. 
 
 Acton, S. Published sundry sermons, 171417. 
 
 Acton, T. Herman, of the Middle Temple. Reports 
 of cases argued and determined before the Commissioners 
 of Appeals in prize causes ; also, an appeal to the king in 
 Council, concerning the judgments in June, 1809, vol. i., 
 part i., 1809; vol. i., part ii., 1811. 
 
 Acton, W. A new Journal of Italy, Lond. 1691,1794. 
 
 Acton, William, late Surgeon at Islington Dispensary. 
 Diseases of the Urinary and Generative Organs in both 
 Sexes: Non-Specific Diseases ; Syphilis, Lon., 8vo; 2d ed. 
 
 Aculeus. Letters on the Cow-Pox, 1805. 
 
 Adair. A Sketch of the Character of the late Duke 
 of Devonshire, London, 1811. 
 
 Adair, James, died 1798, Sergeant-at-Law, M.P. 
 
 1. Thoughts on the Dismission of Officers for their con 
 duct in Parliament, 1764. 2. Observations on the Power 
 of Alienation in the Crown, 1768. 3. Discussions of the 
 Law of Libels, 1785. 
 
 Adair, James, a trader and resident among the 
 North American Indians for 40 years. He published the 
 History of the American Indians, particularly those na 
 tions adjoining the Mississippi, East and West Florida, 
 South Carolina, Georgia, and Virginia, London, 1775. 
 Mr. Adair espouses the opinion that the North American 
 Indians are descended from the Hebrews. 
 
 Adair, James Makittrick, M.D., 1728-1802, was 
 born at Inverness. He resided for some time in the West 
 Indies, and took much interest in the exciting question 
 of the Abolition of Slavery. His kindness to the slaves 
 was so marked as to gain their warmest affections. He 
 was a most determined opponent of quackery, and thereby 
 became involved in many controversies. Philip Thick- 
 nesse and Adair, either no mean hand at a quarrel, took 
 up the cudgels against each other. He wrote a number 
 of medical and miscellaneous works. 
 
 Adair, John. A hydrographer; pub. 1688-1703. 
 
 Adair, Robert, M.P. A poetical writer, 1796-1802. 
 
 Adair, W. James. A lawyer and native of London, 
 author of several legal treatises, 1764-1785. 
 
 Adair, William. A medical writer, 1793. 
 
 Adalard is only known as one of the early biogra 
 phers of Dunstan, who probably brought him over from 
 Ghent, as he states that he was a monk of the same 
 monastery in which Dunstan had found an asylum during 
 his exile. He dedicated his Life of Dunstan to Archbishop 
 Alfheh, at whose desire it was written, and who was 
 raised to the see of Canterbury in 1006. Adalard's Life 
 of Dunstan is called in some manuscripts an "Eulogium;" 
 it is, in fact, rather a commemorative sermon than a his 
 tory, and is written in a declamatory style. Wright's 
 Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Adam, Alexander, LL.D., 1741-1809, Rector of 
 the High School of Edinburgh. An excellent scholar, as 
 his works on Ancient Geography and on Roman Antiqui 
 ties sufficiently prove. The Summary of Geography and 
 History was first published, Edinburgh, 1784. Roman An 
 tiquities, Edinburgh, 1791. The latter work is preferred 
 to Dr. Kennet's on the same subject. 
 
 Adam, Archibald, M.D. Medical contributor to 
 Phil. Trans. 
 
 Adam, Dean. A Funeral Sermon, 1766. 
 
 Adam, or Adams, James. Practical Essays on 
 Agriculture, London, 1789, 2 vols., and 1794, 2 vols. 
 
 Adam, John. A writer on Mathematics, London, 
 1794, Ac. 
 
 Adam, Robert, 1728-1792, an architect of much 
 note. His father, also an architect, sent him to the Uni 
 versity of Edinburgh, where he made the acquaintance of 
 Hume, Robertson, Ac. He went to Italy, and profited by 
 his diligent observation. Desirous of obtaining a know 
 ledge of the habitations of the ancients, in 1757 he 
 visited, with M. Clerisseau, the ruins of Dioclesian's 
 palace at Spalatro. The result of this visit was given to 
 the world in 1764, in Ruins of the Palace of the Emperor 
 Dioclesian, at Spalatro, in Dalmatia, illustrated with 71 
 plates. In 1762 he received the appointment of Architect 
 to their Majesties. In conjunction with his brother, Mr. 
 James Adam, he published several numbers of a book en 
 titled The Works in Architecture of R. and J. Adam. 
 These contain descriptions of Sion-house, Caen-Wood, 
 Lecton Park-house, and some edifices at Whitehall, Edin- 
 
ADA 
 
 burgh, Ac., 4 parts, 1773-76. His buildings in Edin 
 burgh and Glasgow have been much commended. The 
 Adelphi and Portland Place in London are specimens of 
 the taste of Mr. R. Adam. In the former he was assisted 
 by his brother James, who died in 1794. 
 
 Adam, Robert, B.A., Minister of the Episcopal con 
 gregation, Blackfriars Wynd, Edinburgh. The Religious 
 World Displayed, <fcc., Edinburgh, 1809. 
 
 "Generally correct and candid, though with a natural leaning 
 to the Episcopal Church of Scotland, of which the author was a 
 member." Evangelical Magazine, 
 
 Adam Scotus, or the Scotchman, died 1180, was a 
 monk of the order of Premontre, and a famous Sorbonne 
 doctor. He wrote the Life of David I. of Scotland, who 
 died 1153. Many of his works are still in MS. A selec 
 tion was printed in Antwerp in 1659. 
 
 Adam De Marisco, (of the Marsh,) date of birth 
 and death unknown. Born in Somersetshire, England; 
 studied at Oxford, and became famous for his learning. 
 He was a friend of Robert Grossteste and Roger Bacon. 
 Many of his works exist in MS. A copy of his letters, 
 very curious and interesting, is in the British Museum. 
 
 Adam of Murimouth, an English historian of the 
 fourteenth century, was educated at Oxford, and after 
 wards a canon of St. Paul's, London. His history com 
 prehends only a portion of the fourteenth century. 
 
 " It was printed at Oxford in 1722, by Anthony Hall : and a 
 small portion was edited by Thomas Hearne, who was ignorant of 
 its author, and gave it anonymously in the appendix to the His 
 tory of Walter Hemingford, printed at Oxford in 1731." dose's 
 Biog. Die. 
 
 Adam, Thomas, 1701-1784, born at Leeds, was for 
 58 years the rector of Wintringham, Lincolnshire. No 
 offers of preferment could induce him to relinquish his 
 charge. He was the author of a number of religious 
 works. The Exposition of St. Matthew's Gospel was 
 published in 1805, and in 1837 the Rev. A. Westoby added 
 to the above the notes on St. Mark, St. Luke, and St. 
 John, and prefixed to the work a life of the author. 
 
 " Perhaps few were better fitted to write a practical experimental 
 commentary on any part of the Scriptures than this author, whose 
 pregnant briefness of remark, and deep acquaintance with experi 
 mental religion, would preserve him from prolixity, and enable 
 him to present the most useful view of the subject to the mind. 
 The present posthumous work will be found characterized by all 
 the best peculiarities of the author." Record. 
 
 The Rev. Thomas Hartwell Home, a most competent 
 judge in the premises, gives this high character to " The 
 Exposition :" 
 
 " Brevity of remark, fervent piety, and intimate acquaintance 
 with the human heart, characterize this Exposition of the Four 
 Gospels." 
 
 " Such a writer as Mr. Adam takes us out of our ordinary track 
 of reading and reflection, and shows us ourselves. He scrutinizes 
 the whole soul, dissipates the false glare which is apt to mislead 
 the judgment; exposes the imperfections of what is apparently 
 most pure and inviting ; and thus teaches us to make our religion 
 more and more spiritual, holy, solid, practical, humble, and sin 
 cere." REV. DANIEL WILSOX. 
 
 "This work has been justly pronounced a masterly and excel 
 lent exposition." 
 
 Adam, William, Esq., Chancellor and Keeper of the 
 Great Seal. The Correspondence between Mr. Adam and 
 Mr. Bowles respecting the Duke of Bedford, London, 
 1794. A number of Mr. Adam's speeches in the House 
 of Commons have been published. 
 
 Ada in 11 a n is supposed to have been a native of Ire 
 land, but the date of his birth is not known. 
 
 Editions of Adamnan's works : 1. Canisii Antiques 
 Lectiones, 4to, 1601, torn. iv. Edward Basnage, fol. Ant 
 werp, 1725, torn, i., p. 678. The Life of St. Columba. 2. 
 Adamanni Scotohiberni Abbatis celeberrimi, de Situ Terrae 
 Sanctae, et quorundam aliorum locorum ut Alexandriae et 
 Constantinopoleos, Libri tres. Ante annos nongentos et 
 amplius conscripti, et nunc primum in lucem prolati, 
 studio Jacobi Gretseri Societatis Jesu Theologi. Accessit 
 eorundem librorum Breviarium, seu Compendium, brevia- 
 tore venerabili Beda Presbytero, cum prolegomenis et 
 notis. Small Quarto, Ingolstadt, 1619. 3. Messingham, 
 Florilegium Insulse Sanctorum seu Vitae et Acta Sancto 
 rum Hiberniae, fol., Paris, 1624, p. 141. The life of St. 
 Columba, reprinted from Canisius, who edited it from a 
 MS. at Windberg, in Bavaria. 4. Colgan, Triadis Thau- 
 maturgae seu Divorum Patricii, Columbae, et Brigidae, 
 trium veteris et majoris Scotise, seu Hiberniae Sanctorum 
 insulae, communium patronorum Acta, fol., Lovanii, 1647, 
 torn, ii., p. 336. The Life of Columba, from a MS. at 
 Augst, exhibiting a more complete and better text than 
 that of Canisius. 5. Acta Sanctorum Ordinis S. Bene- 
 dicti. Saeculum III., pars secunda, fol., Paris, 1672. 
 The treatise De Locis Sanctis, from Gretser's edition, com- 
 
 ADA 
 
 pared with three MSS. 6. Acta Sanctorum Junii, torn, ii., 
 fol., Antverpiie, 1698, p. 197. The Life of Columba, re 
 printed from Colgan. Abbreviated from Wright's Biog. 
 
 Adams, Abigail, wife of John Adams, second Presi 
 dent of the United States of America, and mother of John 
 Quincy Adams, sixth President of the United States. Her 
 grandson, Charles Francis Adams, q. v., has published a 
 collection of her Letters ; fourth edition, Bost., 1848, 12mo. 
 
 Adams, Amos, 1727-75, minister at Roxbury, Massa- 
 husetts, was graduated at Harvard College, 1752. He 
 published a number of sermons, 1756-69. In two dis- 
 jourses on the General Fast, April 6, 1769, he gave A 
 Concise Historical View of the Difficulties, Hardships, 
 and Perils, which attended the planting and progressive 
 mprovement of New England, with a particular Account 
 of its long and destructive Wars, expensive Expeditions, 
 <fec. ; republished in London, 1770. 
 
 Adams, C. Edgar Clifton, 16mo, 1854; Boys at 
 Home, 16mo, New York, 1854. 
 
 Adams, Charles B., 1814-1853, an American natural 
 ist, has published a number of papers on Conchology. 
 Catalogue of Shells collected at Panama, New York, 1852, 
 4to and 8vo. 
 
 Adams, Charles Francis, son of John Quincy 
 Adams, born 1807, Boston, Massachusetts. Editor "Let 
 ters of Mrs. Adams," fourth edition, 1848. Ed. " Letters 
 of John Adams, addressed to his Wife." Ed. "Life and 
 Works of John Adams," 10 vols., 8vo. Mr. Adams has 
 rendered great service to American literature, in the pre 
 paration of the voluminous and highly-important works 
 of his grandfather. 
 
 Adams, Eliphalet, 1676-1753, a minister of New 
 London, Connecticut, published sundry sermons, 1709-27. 
 
 Adams, Francis. Plans for raising the Taxes. 
 London, 1798. 
 
 Adams, Francis. Writing Tables, 1594. 
 
 Adams, George. Several religious works, Lon. 
 
 Adams, George, father and son. Lectures, Lon., 
 1794, 5 vols. 8vo ; new ed., enlarged by William Jones, 
 1799, 5 vols. 8vo. Various treatises on mathematical in 
 struments, <fec., Lon., 1747-95. 
 
 Adams, George. New System of Agriculture and 
 Feeding Stock, Lon., 1810. 
 
 Adams, Hannah, 1755-1832, b. at Medfield, Mass. 
 Believing that a work upon a comprehensive plan which 
 should give the history of the various religions of the world 
 was much wanted, she undertook to compile one, which 
 was published under the title of View of Religion, in three 
 parts : Part 1, containing An Alphabetical Compendium 
 of the Denominations among Christians ; 2, A Brief Ac 
 count of Paganism, Mohammedanism, Judaism, and Deism ; 
 3, An Account of the Religion of the Different Nations of 
 the World. She also wrote : 2. A History of New England. 
 3. The Evidences of Christianity. 
 
 Adams, H. C. 1. New Greek Delectus, Lon., 12mo; 
 new ed., 1857. 2. Greek Text of the Gospels, p. 8vo. 3. 
 Latin Delectus, 12mo. 4. First of June, 1856, 12mo. 5. 
 Greek Exercises. 6. Sivan the Sleeper, 1857, 12mo 
 
 Adams, H. G. 1. British Butterflies, Lon., 16mo 2. 
 Poetical Quotations, 12mo. 3. Sacred Poetical Quotations, 
 12mo. 4. Favourite Song Birds ; 2d ed., 1855, 12mo. 5. 
 Kentish Coronal, 12mo. 6. Nests and Eggs of British 
 Birds; 1st and 2d Series, 16mo. 7. Story of the Seasons ; 
 2d ed., 1855. Other works. 
 
 Adams, or Adam, James. Practical Essays on 
 Agriculture, Lon., 1789, 2 vols.; 1794. 
 
 Adams, James. The Pronunciation of the English 
 Language vindicated from imputed Anomaly and Caprice, 
 Edin., 1799; and other works. 
 
 Adams, John. 1. Index Villaris; or, An Exact Register, 
 alphabetically digested, of all the Cities, <fec. in England 
 and Wales, Lon., 1680, '88, 1700. 2. The Renowned City of 
 London surveyed and illustrated in a Latin poem ; trans 
 lated into English by W. F., of Gray's Inn, Lon., 1670. 
 Reprinted in vol. x. of the Harleian Miscellany. 
 
 Adams, John, d. 1719, Provost of King's College, 
 a native of London, and a very eloquent preacher, pub. a 
 number of serms., Lon., 1700-16. 
 
 Adams, John. The Young Sea-Officer's Assistant, 
 both in his Examination and Voyage, 1773. 
 
 Adams, John, Master of the Academy at Pultney. A 
 View of Universal History, 1795. He wrote many other 
 useful educational works. 
 
 Adams, John. Works on Horsemanship, Lon., 1799. 
 Adams, John. The Young Ladies' and Gentlemen's 
 Atlas, Lon., 1805. 
 
 Adams, John, F.L.S., a writer on Conchology, 1797- 
 1800. 
 
ADA 
 
 ADA 
 
 Adams, John, 1704-1740, son of John Adams, of Nova 
 Scotia, graduated at Harvard College, 1721. A volume of 
 his poems was published at Boston, 1745. He is stated to 
 have been the "master of nine languages, and conversant 
 with Greek, Latin, Italian, French, and Spanish authors." 
 Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. 
 
 Adams, John, 1735-1826, second President of the 
 United States of America, was born at Braintree, Mass. 
 
 " His father determined to give him a collegiate education, and 
 placed him in consequence under the care of Mr. Marsh, that he 
 might be prepared for entrance into the University of Cambridge. 
 He remained in that institution until the year 1755, when he re 
 ceived his Bachelor's degree, and, in 1758, that of Master of Arts." 
 
 In 1765, he published in the Boston Gazette several 
 pieces, which were reprinted in London, in 1768, by Mr. 
 Thos. Hollis, and called by him A Dissertation on Canon 
 and Feudal Law. He also wrote certain pieces for the 
 Boston Gazette, under the anonymous signature of Nov- 
 anglus, which were inserted in Almon's Remembrancer. 
 These papers were afterwards collected and pub. in Lon 
 don, in a pamphlet entitled A History of the Quarrel be 
 tween Great Britain and the American Colonies; A Defence 
 of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of 
 America against the attack of Mr. Turgot in his letter to 
 Dr. Price dated March 22, 1778, Lon., 1787, '88. This work 
 was reprinted by Stockdale in 1794, who prefixed to it the 
 title of History of the Principal Republics of the "World. 
 
 " This is both a learned and a judicious work. The writings of 
 Mr. Adams are less known in this country than their merit de 
 mands." Rose's New Biog. Diet. 
 
 Discourses on Davila: a Series of Papers on Political 
 History, by an American Citizen, Bost., 1805. This work 
 was compiled from articles in the Gazette of the United 
 States written by Mr. Adams in 1790. For a complete list 
 of Mr. Adams's pamphlets, Ac., see Life and Works of John 
 Adams, second President of the United States ; edited by 
 his grandson, Charles Francis Adams, lOvols.Svo, 1850-56. 
 
 " The collection is edited by the Hon. Charles Francis Adams, the 
 depositary of all the manuscripts as well of John Adams as of his 
 father, the late John Quincy Adams, and is intended as the first of 
 two great publications elucidating the history of the rise and 
 progress of these United States from the year 1761, in which the 
 Revolutionary struggle first began, down 'to the year 1848, when 
 the younger Adams died." 
 
 " Of the writings of our Revolutionary worthies none have been 
 presented to the public with so much ability, care, and good faith 
 as those of John Adams. The main portion of the labor devolved 
 on Charles Francis Adams, who has devoted to it several years, and 
 has set an example of thorough research and sound judgment 
 which cannot be too highly commended." DR. RUFUS W. GRISWOLD. 
 
 "A contribution to the materials of American history not second 
 in importance and interest to any of the great publications with 
 which it is most obviously to be compared." .ZV. Amer. Pev. 
 
 Letters to his Wife, Bost,, 1841, 2 vols. 12mo. See ADAMS, 
 CHARLES FRANCIS. 
 
 Mr. Adams and Mr. Jefferson, by a remarkable coinci 
 dence, expired on the same day, July 4, 1826, the anni 
 versary of American Independence, which they both had 
 so large a share in promoting. 
 
 Adams, John. 1. The Doctrine of Equity: being a 
 commentary of the law as administered by the Court of 
 Chancery, Lon., 8vo; 3d Amer. ed., with the Notes and 
 References to the previous ed., by J. R. Ludlow and J. M. 
 Collins; and Additional Notes and References to recent 
 English and American Decisions, by Henry Wharton, 
 Phila., 1855, 8vo. The text-book at Cambridge Law- 
 School, William and Mary College, Cincinnati Law- 
 School, University of Virginia, University of Mississippi, 
 Ac. See COLLINS, JOHN M. 2. Treatise on the Principles 
 and Practice of the Action of Ejectment, Lon., 8vo; with 
 Amer. Notes and Precedents, by J. L. Tillinghast and T. 
 W. Clerke ; with Additional Notes, by Wm. Hogan and T. 
 W. Waterman, N. York, 1854, 8vo. 
 
 Adams, Captain John* Sketches taken during two 
 Voyages to Africa, Ac., Lon., 1833, 8vo. 
 
 " A valuable little work." LOWNDES. 
 
 Adams, John Couch, b. 1817, Cornwall, Eng., a dis 
 tinguished astronomer, contrib. many valuable papers to 
 Mem. Ast. Soc., Phil. Trans., Ac. 
 
 Adams, Rev. John Greenleaf, b. 1810, Portsmouth, 
 New Hampshire. Practical Hints to Universalists. Chris 
 tian Victor. Edited and contrib. to " Our Day ; a Gift for 
 the Times." Also, in connexion with Rev. E. H. Chapin, 
 The Fountain, a Gift for Temperance ; and Hymns for 
 Christian Devotion. Editor of Gospel Teacher, Ac. 
 
 Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848, sixth President 
 of the United States, was b. July 11, at Quincy, Mass., son 
 of John Adams, second President of the U. States. At the 
 age of ten he accompanied his father to Europe, and, under 
 his eye, prosecuted his studies during the greater part of 
 the ensuing ten years, being part of the time at school in 
 
 Leyden, and a part accompanying Mr. Dana on his 
 mission to St. Petersburg, acting as Secretary and French 
 interpreter. Again he was sent to Europe, in 1795, on a 
 public mission to Holland. From thence he was trans 
 ferred to Berlin, where he passed four years, in the last of 
 which he made a journey through Silesia. His letters were 
 collected by Mr. Asbury Dickens and published without 
 authority in London in 1804. They were trans, into Ger 
 man by F. G. Friese, with remarks by F. A. Zimmerman, 
 and pub. at Breslau, 1805; trans, into French by J. Dupuy, 
 Paris, 1807. Mr. A. trans, the work of Frederick de Gentz, 
 entitled The Origin and Principles of the American Revo 
 lution compared with the Origin and Principles of the 
 French Revolution, Phila., 8vo. He also trans. Wieland's 
 Oberon, MS. Of his numerous productions the principal 
 are A Report on Weights and Measures made to Congress, 
 Wash., 1818, 8vo; Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory, Camb., 
 2 vols. 8vo; Derniot McMorrogh, an Historical Tale, Bost., 
 1832, Svo; Letters on the Masonic Institution, 1847, 8vo ; 
 Eulogies on Madison, (1836,) Monroe, (1831,) and La Fa- 
 yette, (1834;) Jubilee of the Constitution, N. York, 1837. 
 See Memoir of the Life of J. Q. Adams, by Josiah Quinoy, 
 LL.D., Bost., 1858. A collective ed. of Mr. Adams's works 
 is promised by his son, Charles Francis Adams. 
 
 Adams, Jonas, a writer on law, 1593. 
 
 Adams, Joseph, M.D., 1756-1818, an able physician 
 and teacher of the Institutes and Practice of Medicine. He 
 pub. twelve treatises, Ac. of a professional nature, Lon., 
 1795-1816. See Life of John Hunter. 
 
 Adams, Joseph, of N. Hampshire, 1719-1783, pub. 
 some serms., 1757, Ac. 
 
 Adams, Matthew, d. 1753, of Boston, Massachusetts, 
 wrote some fugitive essays. Dr. Benjamin Franklin ac 
 knowledges his obligations for access to his library. 
 
 Adams, Nehemiah, D.D.,b. 1806, Salern, Mass., set 
 tled in Boston. 1. The Baptized Child. 2. Remarks on 
 the Unitarian Belief. 3. Life of John Eliot. 4. South- 
 Side View of Slavery, 12mo. 5. Friends of Christ in the 
 New Testament, 1853. 6. Christ a Friend. 7. Communion- 
 Sabbath. 8. Agnes and the Little Key. 9. Bertha and 
 her Baptism. 10. Assurance of Faith : being a Sermon 
 preached before the Massachusetts Convention of Congre 
 gational Ministers. 11. Truths for the Times: a Series of 
 Tracts. 12. Catherine; or, The Early Saved, 1858. Various 
 pamphlet sermons. Contrib. to Spirit of Pilgrims, Lit. 
 Theol. Rev., Bibliotheca Sacra, Ac. 
 
 Adams, Q., a writer on Longitude, Lon., 1811. 
 
 Adams, R.N., D.D. The Opening of the Scaled Book 
 of the Apocalypse shown to be a Symbol of the Future Re- 
 publication of the Old Testament, Lon., 1838. See Church 
 of Eng. Quar. Rev., Oct. 1838. 
 
 Adams, Rice, a theological writer, 1708-1736. 
 
 Adams, Richard. True and Terrible Relation from 
 Maltravis, in Malaga, Lon., 1648. 
 
 Adams, Richard, d. 1684, a Non-Conformist divine, 
 educated at Cambridge; expelled for Non-Conformity, 1662. 
 He compiled the Notes on St. Paul's Epistles to the Philip- 
 pians and Colossians in Phole's Bible, and assisted his 
 brother, Thomas Adams, in some other works. 
 
 Adams, Robert. Expeditionis Hispanorum in Ang- 
 liam, vera Descriptio, anno 1588, Roberto Adamo, Au- 
 thore, 1589. 
 
 Adams, Robert, b. Hudson, N. York. Narrative of 
 Robert Adams, a sailor, who was wrecked on the Western 
 Coast of Africa in 1810, was detained three years in slavery 
 by the Arabs of the Great Desert, and resided several months 
 in the city of Timbuctoo. Pronounced an imposition by the 
 N. Amer. Rev., vol. v., 1817. 
 
 " A curious, marvellous, but authentic narrative." LOWNDES. 
 
 Adams, S. Elements of Reading, Lon., 1781. 
 
 Adams, Samuel, D.D., pub. some serins., 1716. 
 
 Adams, Samuel, 1722-1803, Governor of Massa 
 chusetts, graduated at Harvard College, 1740. He wrote 
 a number of political essays. 
 
 Adams, Sarah Flower, d. 1848, a musical composer; 
 authoress of works collected under the title of Adoration, 
 Aspiration, and Belief. She wrote some poetical pieces and 
 criticisms. 
 
 Adams, T. Democracy Unveiled, Lon., 1811. 
 
 Adams, T. History of the Town of Shaftesbury, 1809. 
 
 Adams, Thomas. Serm. on Rev. xxii. 12, 1660. 
 
 Adams, Thomas, a theological writer, pub. 1613-33. 
 
 Adams, Thos., d. 1670, wrote in opposition to the Es 
 tablished Ch. of Eng., and on the Principles of Religion. 
 
 Adams, Wm. Complete History of the Civil Wars in 
 Scotland, 1644-46; 2d ed., Edin., 1724. 
 
 Adams, Wm. Fifteen Occasional Serms., Oxoa.,1716 
 
ADA 
 
 ADD 
 
 Adams, Wm. Vitruvius Scoticus, &c., Edin. 1750. 
 Adams, Wm., Surgeon, London. Disquisition on 
 the Stone, Gravel, and the Diseases of the Bladder, Kid 
 neys, <fcc., London, 1773. 
 
 Adams, Wm., D.D., 1707-1789, Master of Pembroke, 
 Oxford, <fcc., author of a number of sermons, and an An 
 swer to Hume's very absurd Essay on Miracles. Dr. Adams 
 was a valued friend of Dr. Johnson's. Boswell tells us : 
 
 " We then went to Pembroke College, and waited on his old 
 friend Dr. Adams, the master of it, whom I found to be a most 
 polite, pleasing, communicative man. He had distinguished him 
 self by an able answer to David Hume's ' Essay on Miracles.' He 
 told me he had once dined in company with Hume in London ; 
 that Hume shook hands with him, and said, ' You have treated 
 me much better than I deserve;' and that they exchanged visits." 
 Adams, Wm. Political treatises, 1796-97. 
 Adams, Sir Wm., Surgeon and Oculist Extraordinary 
 to the Prince Regent. Among other professional works, 
 this eminent oculist has published, A Practical Inquiry 
 into the Causes of the frequent Failure of the Operations 
 of Depression, and of the Extraction of the Cataract, as 
 usually performed, Ac., Lond., 1817. This work has been 
 commended as one of great value to the chirurgical library. 
 Adams, William, 1814-1848, Vicar of St. Peter's, 
 Oxford, acquired considerable celebrity as a writer of re 
 ligious works. See some notices of his life in A Remem 
 brancer of Bonchurch, Isle of Wight, the burial-place of 
 the Rev. W. Adams, Lon., p. Svo. I. Sacred Allegories; 
 2d ed., 1844, 12mo ; 3d ed., 1855, cr. 8vo; illustrated by 
 Foster, 1855, sm. 4to : this is composed of Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 
 6. 2. Shadow of the Cross, 1842, 12mo ; 8th ed., 1849. 
 3. The Old Man's Home; 8th ed., 1853, 12mo. 4. Distant 
 Hills; 4th ed., 1847, 12mo. 5. The Fall of Croesus, 1846, 
 fp. Svo. 6. The King's Messengers, 1847, 12mo; 2d ed., 
 1852, 12mo. 7. Warnings of the Holy Week ; 3d ed., 1849, 
 12ino; 4th ed., 1852, 12mo. 8. Cherry-Stones ; edited by 
 H. C. Adams, 1851, fp. Svo; 4th ed., 1855, 12rno. 
 
 Adams, Zabdiel, 1730-1801, of Massachusetts, cousin 
 to John Adams, second President of the United States of 
 America, pub. some serms., 1771-88. 
 
 Adamson. Poemata Sacra, <fec., Lon., 1619. 
 Adamson. A work upon Elect Sinners, Lon., 1768. 
 Adamson, Henry. Muses Threnodie, Edin., 1638. 
 Adamson, John. The Muse's Welcome to King 
 James VI. at his return to Scotland, anno 1617, Edin., 
 1618. The speeches will be found in Nichols's Progress of 
 King James. He published several other works. 
 
 Adamson, John, M.A., Rector of Burton Goggles. 
 1. The Duty and Daily Frequenting of the Public Service 
 of the Church ; a Sermon on Matt. xxi. 13, 1698. 2. 
 Funeral Serm., Rev. xiv. 13, 1707. 
 
 Adamson, John, 1787-1855. 1. Memoir of Camoens, 
 1820. 2. History, Antiquities, and Literature of Portugal, 
 vol. i., 1842, Svo; vol. ii., 1846, Svo. 
 
 Adamson, M. A Friendly Epistle to Neighbour John 
 Taylor, of Norwich, Lon., n. d. 
 
 Adamson, Patrick, 1543-1591, Archbishop of St. 
 Andrew's, was born at Perth. He wrote a number of theo 
 logical works in Latin. 
 
 Adamsou, W. Contrib. to Phil. Mag., i. 256, 1817. 
 Adamthwaite, John, theological writer, Birming 
 ham, 1771-78. 
 
 Aday. A work upon Distilling, Lon. 
 Addams, J. Reports of Cases determined in the Eccle 
 siastical Courts, 1822-25, 2 vols. Svo; Lon., 1823-25. 
 Addenbrooke, J. Essay on Free-Thinking, Lon., 1714. 
 Adderley, Thomas, Published a Sermon on Psalm 
 cxxii. 6, Cambridge, 1676. 
 
 Addington, A., M.D. On Sea-Scurvy, &c., Lon., 1753. 
 Addington, Rt. Hon. Henry, (Lord Sidmouth,) 
 son of the preceding. Political speeches, <fcc., 1799-1803. 
 Addington, John. History of the Cow-Pox, 1801. 
 Addington, Stephen, 1729-1796, a dissenting minis 
 ter, a native of Northampton, a pupil of the celebrated Dr. 
 Doddridge. He was a schoolmaster of considerable repute. 
 He wrote a number of educational and theological works, 
 1757-83. 
 
 Addington, Sir Wm., Author of Abridgment of 
 Penal Statutes, <fec., London, 1775. 6th. ed. 1812. 
 
 Addison, Alexander, of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, 
 1759-1807. Reports of Cases in County Courts, High Court 
 of Errors and Appeals in Pennsylvania, Washington, 1800, 
 Obs. on Gallatin's Speech, 1798; Report of Committee, 
 Virginia Assembly, 1800. 
 
 Addison, Anthony, Vicar of St. Helen's, Abington, 
 Berkshire. Sermon on Psalm Ixviii. 28, Oxford, 1704. 
 
 Addison, C. G. 1. Temple Church, Lon., 1843. 2. 
 Law of Contracts, Lon., 1846; Phila., 1847; 2d ed., Lon.. 
 
 1849, 2 vols. r. Svo. 3. History of the Knights Templars, 
 Svo. 4. Journey to Damascus and Palmyra, 2 vols. Svo. 
 5. Wrongs and their Remedies, Lon. and Phila., 1857. 
 
 Addison, G. H., 1793-1815, author of Indian Re 
 miniscences, or the Bengal Moofussul Miscellany, 1837. 
 
 Addison, Joseph, 1672-1719, one of the most emi 
 nent of English authors, was the eldest son of Lancelot 
 Addison, D.D., Dean of Lichfield, the author of some theo 
 logical treatises noticed hereafter. Joseph was born at 
 Milston, near Ambros-Bury, Wiltshire, May 1, 1672. After 
 passing through his preliminary studies at Amesbury and 
 Salisbury, he became an inmate of the Charter-house, 
 where he made the acquaintance of a youth who subse 
 quently became celebrated as his associate, and an im 
 portant literary character : the names of Richard Steele 
 and Joseph Addison have become so closely united, that 
 they must descend in unbroken partnership to the latest 
 generations. At the age of fifteen he was entered at King's 
 College, Oxford, where his father had preceded him. He 
 here applied himself with such diligence to classical learn 
 ing, that he "acquired an elegant Latin style before he 
 arrived at that age in which lads usually begin to write 
 good English." The excellence of his Latin poetry soon 
 made him famous in both universities. At a later day 
 these fruits of early scholarship were collected and pub 
 lished in the Musae Anglicanae. 
 
 " Our country owes it to him, that the famous Monsieur Boileau 
 first conceived an opinion of the English genius for poetry, by 
 perusing the present he made him of the Musae Anglicanae." 
 TICKELL: Preface to Addison's Works. 
 
 When about twenty-two years of age, he addressed some 
 verses to Dry den, commending his translations, which 
 were highly praised by the most eminent judges, and were 
 so fortunate as to elicit the plaudits of Dryden himself. A 
 translation of the greater part of the fourth book of Vir 
 gil's Georgics, confirmed the good opinion which the great 
 poet was inclined to entertain of the abilities of this youth 
 ful follower. The excellent critical preface to Dryden's 
 version of the Georgics, and many of the arguments, were 
 from the pen of the new aspirant to poetical distinction. 
 A running criticism in verse on some of the principal 
 English poets, addressed to Sacheverell, and some other 
 productions of merit, still further increased the reputation 
 of the author. So far, all was most encouraging; but 
 this "fancied life in others' breath," as one of the poets 
 styles Fame, was an unsubstantial dependence for the every 
 day necessities of life. At this juncture, in 1695, a poem 
 addressed to King William, on one of his campaigns, de 
 dicated to Lord Keeper Somers, vsecured the favour of this 
 nobleman, and a pension of 300 per annum. About this 
 period he published his Latin poems, inscribed to another 
 great man of the day, Mr. Montague, the Chancellor of 
 the Exchequer, afterwards Lord Halifax. It is said to have 
 been chiefly owing to the discouragement of this eminent 
 statesman, that Addison resigned his original intention of 
 taking holy orders. Other accounts represent his own 
 humility to have suggested to his mind distrust of his 
 qualifications and fitness for a position so sacred and re 
 sponsible. Whether the voice of ambition at this season 
 of youthful triumph was permitted to drown the pleadings 
 of conscience, it is impossible to decide ; but there appear 
 to us to be many intimations in the future writings of the 
 lay moralist, that the convictions of religious duty ever 
 remained stronger than the arguments by which they were 
 overruled. About the end of the year 1699, Addison de 
 termined to gratify an inclination which insufficient means 
 had heretofore obliged him to postpone, and he left Eng 
 land on a visit to the classic soil of Italy. Fortunately, we 
 are not left to conjecture what must have been the effects 
 of scenes so inspiring upon a mind so well educated to ap 
 preciate their power. In his remarks on several parts of 
 Italy, in the years 1701, 2, 3, we have a record of his im 
 pressions, which deserves more notice than it receives in 
 the present day, or indeed has secured in any preceding 
 generation of readers. The death of King William, in 
 1702, brought a new set of statesmen in power, and the 
 loss of Addison's pension awakened the young traveller 
 from his classic dreams of past ages to the necessary pro 
 vision for the day which was passing over him. He re 
 turned home, and found himself in England with no means 
 of livelihood, and no prospects beyond the uncertain de 
 pendence of a literary hack. He was not allowed to remain 
 long in this unenviable condition. The battle of Blenheim, 
 fought August, 1704, had excited the attention of Europe 
 to the conquerors, and the opportunity must not be lost to 
 celebrate the event in the most august strains of which 
 the poetic muse was capable. Lord Treasurer Godolphin 
 inquired anxiously for a poet, and Lord Halifax named 
 
 37 
 
ADD 
 
 ADD 
 
 Addison as the proper person. Mr. Treasurer Boyle, after 
 wards Lord Carleton, was sent to prefer the request to the 
 poet, who, as it will readily be believed, immediately un 
 dertook the duty. THE CAMPAIGN was written, and the 
 successful bard became Commissioner of Appeals, and in 
 1706, Under-Secretary of State. There was much wisdom 
 in this appointment. The aid of such a penman was not 
 to be despised by any ministry, however powerful. The 
 Present State of the War, an anonymous pamphlet, pub 
 lished in November, 1707, was credited to the new secre 
 tary. In 1709, our poet attended the Marquis of Wharton 
 to Ireland as secretary. Whilst absent, Steele published 
 the first number of The Tatler, April 12, 1709. 
 
 He soon became a most useful contributor to his friend's 
 paper. He also contributed five articles to a political pa 
 per, The Whig Examiner, the first number of which ap 
 peared on the 14th September, 1710. The Tatler was 
 brought to a close, January 2, 1711, and the first of the en 
 suing March, the Spectator made its appearance. This 
 periodical, of which as many as 20,000 copies were sold in 
 a day, still retains its popularity. Addison's contributions 
 may be known by the signature C. L. I. or 0., forming the 
 word " Clio." The Guardian, commenced March 12, 
 1713, was also largely indebted to Addison. In 1713 ap 
 peared the celebrated tragedy of Cato, which was acted for 
 thirty-five successive nights, notwithstanding Pope's opi 
 nion that it was not so well suited to the stage as it was to 
 the closet. In this year was published a political squib of 
 our author's, entitled The Trial and Conviction of Count 
 Tariff. On the breaking out of the rebellion in 1715, 
 Addison supported the government with great vigour in 
 the Freeholder, which was published from September 23 
 to June 29, of the next year. His verses to Sir Godfrey 
 Kneller, and a few other minor pieces, were given to the 
 world about this time. 
 
 In 1716, he married the dowager Countess of Warwick : 
 of this match Dr. Johnson remarks : " This marriage, 
 if uncontradicted report can be credited, made no addition 
 to his happiness ; it neither found nor made them equal. 
 She always remembered her own rank, and thought her 
 self entitled to treat with very little ceremony the tutor of 
 her son." He breathed his last at Holland-house on the 
 17th June, 1719, when just entering the 48th year of his 
 age. " Before he expired, he sent for his step-son, the Earl 
 of Warwick, then in his 21st year, and while the young 
 nobleman stood at his bedside to receive his commands, 
 grasping his hand, he said he had called him that he might 
 see with what peace a Christian could die. He left an only 
 daughter by the countess." 
 
 Sir Richard Steele acknowledges himself indebted to 
 Addison for a considerable part of his comedy of the Ten 
 der Husband, which appeared in 1704; and he is also 
 known to be the author of the Drummer, or The Haunted 
 House. Some papers in a continuation of The Spectator, 
 which was attempted, but soon dropped, and one or two in 
 a publication of a similar nature, entitled The Lover, were 
 contributed by him during the years 1713 and 1714. 
 
 It is well known that Addison has always laboured under 
 the suspicion, not only of envying his great literary rival, 
 Pope, but also of exhibiting that envy in the most unjus 
 tifiable manner. We have not space to enter upon this 
 question at length. How far he may have prompted the 
 virulence of Philips and the slander of Gildon, is not likely 
 to be satisfactorily ascertained at this late hour. We refer 
 the curious reader to Sir William Blackstone's able paper 
 in the Biographia Britannica, and to the article Addison, 
 in Rose's New Biog. Diet. Blackstone, certainly a com 
 petent judge of evidence, considers that Addison's memory 
 has been much calumniated, although he admits that the 
 publication of Tickell's (?) version of the Iliad just at the 
 moment of the appearance of Pope's translation was " in 
 discreet and ill-timed." 
 
 The literary merits of Addison have been discussed at 
 length by Dr. Johnson in his Lives of the Poets. Perhaps 
 we cannot better please and edify our readers than by 
 quoting some opinions of the great critic, together with 
 those of other authors, upon the writings and character of 
 one who must always occupy the first rank in the list of 
 English classics : 
 
 "If any judgment be made from his books, of his moral charac 
 ter, nothing will be found but purity and excellence. It is justly 
 Observed by Tickell, that he employed wit on the side of virtue and 
 religion. He not only made the proper use of wit himself, but 
 taught it to others, and from his time it has been generally sub 
 servient to the cause of reason and of truth. No greater felicity 
 san genius attain than that of having purified intellectual plea- 
 ure, separated mirth from indecency, and wit from licentiousness ; 
 f having taught a succession of writers to bring elegance and 
 
 gayety to the aid of goodness; and, if I may use expressions yet 
 more awful, of having -turned many to righteousness.' 
 
 ' His sentences have neither studied amplitude, nor affected 
 brevity ; his periods, though not diligently rounded, are voluble and 
 easy. Whoever wishes to attain an English style, familiar, but 
 not coarse, and elegant, but not ostentatious, must give his days 
 and nights to the study of Addison." DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 " Mr. Addison wrote very fluently ; but he was sometimes very 
 slow and scrupulous in correcting. He would show his verses to 
 several friends ; and would alter almost every thing that any of 
 them hinted as wrong. He seemed to be too diffident of himself; 
 and too much concerned about his character as a poet ; or (as he 
 worded it) too solicitous for that kind of praise which is but a 
 very little matter after all! Many of his Spectators he wrote very 
 fast; and sent them to the press as soon as they were written. It 
 seems to have been best for him not to have had too much time to 
 correct. Addison was perfectly good company with intimates ; and 
 had something more charming in his conversation than 1 ever 
 knew in any other man : but with any mixture of strangers, and 
 sometimes only with one, he seemed to preserve his dignity much, 
 with a stiff sort of silence." POPE: Spence's Anecdotes. 
 
 " There is a grove at Magdalen College which retains the name 
 
 of Addison's Walk, where still the student will linger Never, 
 
 not even by Dryden, not even by Temple, had the English lan 
 guage been written with such sweetness, grace, and facility. 
 But this was the smallest part of Addison's praise. Had he 
 clothed his thoughts in the half-French style of Horace Walpole, 
 or in the half-Latin style of Dr. Johnson, or in the half-German 
 jargon of the present day, his genius would have triumphed over 
 all faults of manner. As a moral satirist he stands unrivalled. If 
 ever the best Tatlers and Spectators were equalled in their own 
 kind, we should be inclined to guess that it must have been by 
 the lost comedies of Menander. In wit. properly so called. Addi 
 son was not inferior to Cowley or Butler. >io single ode of Cow- 
 ley contains so many happy analogies as are crowded into the 
 lines to Sir Godfrey Kneller ; and we would undertake to collect 
 from the Spectators as great a number of ingenious illustrations 
 as can be found in ' Hudibras.' The still higher faculty of inven 
 tion Addison possessed in still larger measure. . . . But what 
 shall we say of Addison's humour? . . . We own that the hu 
 mour of Addison is, in our opinion, of a more delicious flavour 
 than the humour of either Swift or Voltaire." T. B. MACAULAY. 
 
 " Dope's character of Addison is one of the truest, as well as 
 one of the best, things he ever wrote. Addison deserved that 
 character the most of any man. Yet how charming are his prose 
 writings! He was as much a master of humour as he was an in 
 different poet." DR. LOCKIER, Dean of Peterborough. 
 
 " Mr. Addison did not go any depth in the study of medals : all 
 the knowledge he had of that kind, I believe he had from me; 
 and I did not give him above twenty lessons upon that subject." F. 
 
 "Mr. Addison would never alter any thing after a poem was 
 once printed ; and was ready to alter almost every thing that was 
 found fault with before. I believe he did not leave a word un 
 changed that I might have any scruple against in his Cato." P. 
 
 "The last line in that tragedy originally was 
 4 And, oh, 'twas this that ended Gate's life.' 
 Mr. Pope suggested the alteration as it stands at present : 
 
 'And robs the guilty world of Cato's life.' 
 
 Mr. Addison stayed about a year at Blois. He would rise as early 
 as between two and three in the height of summer, and lie a-bed 
 till between eleven and twelve in the depth of winter. He was 
 untalkative while here, and often thoughtful : sometimes so lost 
 in thought that I have come into his room, and stayed five 
 minutes there, before he has known any thing of it." ABE 
 PHILIPPEAUX OF BLOIS. 
 
 "The Spectators, though there are so many bad ones among 
 them, make themselves read still. All Addison's are allowed to 
 be good." ABB^ B. 
 
 " Old Jacob Tonson did not like Mr. Addison. He had a quarrel 
 with him : and after his quitting the secretaryship used frequently 
 to say of him, 'One day or other you'll see that man a bishop! 
 I'm sure he looks that way ; and, indeed, I ever thought him a 
 priest in his heart.' " P. 
 
 " It was my fate to be much with the wits. My father was ac 
 quainted with all of them. Addison was the best company in the 
 world." LADY M. W. MONTAGU. 
 
 " Addison usually studied all the morning, then met his party 
 at Button's ; dined there, and .stayed five or six hours, and some 
 times far into the night. I was of the company for about a year, 
 but found it was too much for me, and so I quitted it." POPE : 
 Spence'f Anecdotes. 
 
 "To the keenest perception of the beautiful and sublime in 
 composition, he added a taste pre-eminently delicate and correct, 
 and the most engaging and fascinating style that this country 
 had ever witnessed; with these were combined the most unri 
 valled humour, a morality lovely and interesting as it was p\ire 
 and philanthropic, and a fancy whose effusions were peculiarly 
 sweet, rich, and varied." DR. DRAKE. 
 
 Dr. Blair censures Addison for occasional redundancies, 
 and gives some instances from Nos. 412 and 413 of the 
 Spectator. He proceeds to remark : 
 
 " Although the free and flowing manner of such an author as 
 Mr. Addison, and the graceful harmony of his periods, may palli 
 ate such negligences; yet, in general, it holds that style freed 
 from this prolixity appears both more strong, and more beautiful. 
 The attention becomes remiss, the mind falls into inaction, when 
 words are multiplied without a corresponding multiplication of 
 ideas." Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles- Lettres. 
 
 " When this man looks from the world whose weakness he de 
 scribes so benevolently, up to the heaven which shines over us 
 all, I can hardly fancy a human face lighted up with a more serene 
 rapture; a human intellect thrilling with a purer love and adora 
 tion, than Joseph Addison's 1 Listen to him : from your childhood 
 
ADD 
 
 you have known the verses, but who can hear their sacred music 
 without love and awe ? 
 
 ' Soon as the evening shades prevail, 
 The moon takes up the wondrous tale,' Ac. 
 
 It seems to me those verses shine like the stars. They shine out 
 of a great, deep calm. When he turns to heaven, a Sabbath comes 
 over that mans mind: and his face lights up from it with a glory 
 of thanks and prayer. ... If Swift's life was the most wretched, 
 I think Addison's was one of the most enviable. A life prosperous 
 and beautiful a calm death an immense fame, and affection af 
 terwards for his happy and spotless name." Thackeray's English 
 Humorists of the Eighteenth Century. 
 
 " We must remember that, however narrow, and prejudiced, and 
 exclusive may seem to us the dogmas of Addison's literary criti 
 cisms, yet that these were the first popular essays in English to 
 wards the investigation of the grounds and axioms of aesthetic 
 science, and that even here, in innumerable instances, (as, for ex 
 ample, 'in the celebrated reviews of Paradise Lost, and of the old 
 national ballad of Chevy Chase,) we find the author's natural and 
 delicate sense of the beautiful and sublime triumphing over the 
 accumulated errors and false judgment of his own artificial age, 
 and the author of Cato doing unconscious homage to the nature 
 and pathos of the rude old Border ballad-maker." PROF. T. B. 
 SHAW. 
 
 " In a word, one may justly apply to him what Plato, in his al 
 legorical language, says of Aristophanes; that the Graces, having 
 searched all the world for a temple wherein they might forever 
 dwell, settled at last in the breast of Mr. Addison." MELMOTH. 
 
 " Addison wrote little in verse, much in sweet, elegant, Virgilian 
 prose; so let me call it, since Longinus calls Herodotus most 
 Homeric; and Thucydides is said to have formed his style on 
 Pindar. Addison's compositions are built with the finest mate 
 rials, in the taste of the ancients. I never read him. but I am 
 struck with such a disheartening idea of perfection, that I drop 
 my pen. And, indeed, far superior writers should forget his com 
 positions, if they would be greatly pleased with their own." DR. 
 YOUNG. 
 
 "In refined and delicate humour Addison has no superior, if he 
 has any equal, in English prose literature. . . . Who can set 
 limits to the influence which such a mind has exerted? And 
 what a lesson should it read to the conductors of our periodic 
 press, from the stately quarterly to the daily newspaper! What 
 untold gain would it be to the world if they would think less of 
 party, and more of TRUTH : if they would ever be found the firm 
 advocates of every thing that tends to elevate and bless man, and 
 the steadfast, out-spoken opponents of all that tends to degrade, 
 debase, and brutalize him !" PROF. C. D. CLEVELAND. 
 
 " In Addison the reader will find a rich but chaste vein of hu 
 mour and satire ; lessons of morality and religion, divested of all 
 austerity and gloom; criticism at once pleasing and profound; 
 and pictures of national character and manners that must ever 
 charm from their vivacity and truth." DR. KURD. 
 
 " Greater energy of character, or a more determined hatred of 
 vice and tyranny, would have curtailed his usefulness as a public 
 censor. He led the nation insensibly to a love of virtue and 
 constitutional freedom, to a purer taste in morals and literature, 
 and to the importance of those everlasting truths which so 
 warmly engaged his heart and imagination." ROBERT CHAMBERS. 
 
 " It is praise enough to say of a writer, that, in a high departr 
 ment of literature, in which many eminent writers have distin 
 guished themselves, he has no equal ; and this may, with strict 
 justice, be said of Addison. He is entitled to be considered not 
 only as the greatest of the English essayists, but as the forerunner 
 of the great English novelists. His best essays approach near to 
 absolute perfection ; nor is their excellence more wonderful than 
 their variety. His invention never seems to flag; nor is he ever 
 under the necessity of repeating himself, or of wearing out a 
 subject." MACAULAY. 
 
 " He was not only the ornament of his age and country, but he 
 reflects dignity on the nature of man. He has divested vice of 
 its meretricious ornaments, and planted religion and virtue in 
 the modest and graceful attire which charm and elevate the 
 heart." DR. ANDERSON. 
 
 " Of Addison's numerous and well-known writings, it may be 
 affirmed that they rest on the solid basis of real excellence, in 
 moral tendency as well as literary merit. Vice and folly are 
 satirized, virtue and decorum are rendered attractive; and while 
 polished diction and Attic wit abound, the purest ethics are incul 
 cated." MAUNDER. 
 
 " As a writer, as a man, and as a Christian, the merit of Addison 
 cannot be too highly extolled. His style has been always es 
 teemed a model of excellence by men of taste. His humour has 
 a charm which cannot be described ; his philosophy is rational, 
 and his morality is pure." Aihenceum,. 
 
 The Life of Addison, by Lucy Aikin, 2 vols., London, 
 1843, post Svo, with Portrait. 
 
 ' ; Miss Aikin has not left a stone unturned, that her monument 
 to one of our most polished writers and complete minds may be 
 fair, upright, and symmetrical. Her book contains the first com 
 plete life of Addison ever put forth. As a literary biography it is 
 a model ; and its pages are besides enriched by many hitherto un 
 published letters of Addison." London Athenceum. 
 
 In concluding our sketch of this eminent author, we 
 may observe, that perhaps no English writer has been so 
 fortunate as Addison in uniting so many discordant 
 tastes in a unanimous verdict of approbation. Browne 
 has been thought pedantic, Johnson inflated, Taylor con 
 ceited, and Burke exuberant ; but the graceful simplicity 
 of Addison delights alike the rude taste of the unedu 
 cated, and the classic judgment of the learned. His ex 
 quisite humour charms our youth, and his affectionate ad 
 monitions impress upon our hearts those religious verities 
 which can alone confer dignity upon age. 
 
 ADI 
 
 We subjoin a list of Addison's works: 1. Remarks on 
 several parts of Italy in the years 1701, 1702, 1703, London, 
 1705, 1718, 1761. The same translated into Latin, under 
 the title of Addisoni Epistola Missa ex Italia, ad illustrem 
 Dominum Halifax, anno 1701. Auctore A. Murphy, 1799. 
 2. Campaign ; a Poem with a Latin version. 3. Poems, 
 1712. 4. The Five Whig Examiners, 1712. 5. Cato; a 
 tragedy, 1713. The same in Italian and French, 1715. 
 In Latin, under the following title : Cato Tragsedia, Auc 
 tore Clarissimo Viro Josepho Addison inter Anglia nostrae 
 Principes Poetas, jure nemerando, omissis Amotoriis 
 Scenis. Latino Carmine Versa, 1763. This translation 
 has been commended as 
 
 "In general elegant, and executed with great spirit. The 
 style approaches that of Seneca, the tragedian." 
 
 6. Essay concerning the Error in Distributing Modern 
 Medals, 1715. 7. A Poem to the Princess of Wales; 
 another to Sir Godfrey Kneller, 1716. 8. Freeholder, 
 1716. 9. The Drummer, or the Haunted House, 1716. 10. 
 Freethinker, 1722. 11. Dissertations on the most cele 
 brated Roman Poets; Englished by Charles Hayes, 1718. 
 12. Notes upon the Twelve Books of Paradise Lost, col 
 lected 1719. 13. Dialogues upon the Usefulness of An 
 cient Medals, especially in relation to the Latin and 
 Greek poets, 1726. 14. Ode to Dr. Thomas Burnet, 1727. 
 15. Divine Poems, 1728. 16. On the Evidences of the 
 Christian Religion, 1730. 17. Discourses on Ancient and 
 Modern Learning. 
 
 His papers contributed to The Tatler, Spectator, Guar 
 dian, and Freeholder, together with his Treatise on the 
 Christian Religion, were collected into 4 vols., Edinburgh, 
 1790. In the Tatler his papers have no signature; in the 
 Spectator, as we have remarked, they are either C. L. I. 
 or 0. (Clio.) In the Guardian, they are marked by a 
 hand. 
 
 Addison's works, portrait and plates, 4 vols. 4to. 
 Baskerville's splendid edition, Birmingham, 1761. 
 
 " He who hath the Baskerville edition hath a good and even & 
 glorious performance. It is pleasant (and, of course, profitable) 
 to turn over the pages of these lovely tomes at one's Tusculum, 
 on a day of oppression from heat or of confinement from rain." 
 DIBDIN. 
 
 Addison's Complete Works, the first complete edition 
 ever published, including all of Bishop Hurd's edition, 
 with numerous pieces now first collected, and copious 
 notes, by Prof. G. W. Greene. A new issue, in 6 vols., 
 12mo, with Vignettes, &c., N. York, 1854 ; ed., with addi 
 tions by H. G. Bohn, 6 vols. 
 
 " Nothing stamps the literary reading of the present day with 
 a more exalted character than the fact of the profitable republish- 
 ment of the old English classics. We congratulate the public 
 upon having it in their power to purchase an edition of Addison's 
 works, so complete as this promises to be, such an ornament to 
 the library as it will prove, and edited with so much tact. To 
 undertake to praise the writings of Joseph Addison is a work of 
 supererogation. It is sufficient to say, that more persons have 
 formed their style on his prose writings than on those of any 
 other English writer." 
 
 Addison, Lancelot, D.D., 1632-1703, father of 
 the preceding, was born at Crosby Ravensworth, in West 
 moreland. He was the son of a clergyman, and adopted 
 the same profession. He was noted at college for his ac 
 quirements. Not being in favour with the rulers of the 
 day, he obtained no preferment until the Restoration. His 
 first post was that of chaplain at Dunkirk. He was ap 
 pointed king's chaplain in 1670. Dr. Addison wrote a 
 number of works, which met with a moderate share of 
 approbation. They relate principally to the early history 
 of Mohammedanism, to the present state of the Jews, 
 and to the sacraments of the Christian church, published 
 1671-98. 
 
 Addison, William, M.D. Healthy and Diseased 
 Structure, Consumption, &e., Lon., Svo. 
 
 "A work deserving the perusal of every one interested in the 
 late rapid advance of physiology and pathology." Medico-Chirur- 
 gical Review. 
 
 2. Malvern Waters in Cases of Consumption, Svo. 3. Cell 
 Therapeutics, 12mo, 1856. 
 
 A tidy, William. Stenograpbia, Lon., 1695. 
 
 " More remarkable for the accuracy and elegance of its graphical 
 execution, than for any considerable improvement in the art." 
 LOWNDES. 
 
 Adee, Herbert. Sermon on 1 Cor. ii. 14, Lond., 1712. 
 Adee, Nicholas. Sermon on Luke xx. 41, Lond., 1685. 
 Adee, S. Con.to Phil. Tran. and to Archaeol., 1755, Ac. 
 Adey, author of Sermons, pub. London, 1755-60. 
 Adhelm. See ALDHELM. 
 
 Adis, Henry. Sermon on 2 Chron. xxxii. 25, Lon 
 don, 1660. 
 
ADK 
 
 AIK 
 
 Adkin, L. Serms. pub. 1782-86 and 1806. 
 Adkins, W. The Hortorian Miscellany, <fcc., 1768. 
 Adler, George J., b. 1821, in Germany; came to U. 
 
 States, 1833 j grad. N. York Univ., 1844 j Prof. German 
 Language in same institution, 1846-54. 1. German Gram 
 mar, 1846. 2. German Reader, 1847. 3. German and Eng 
 lish Dictionary, 1848, N. York, 8vo : the most complete 
 work of the kind pub. in the U. S. 4. Abridgment of same, 
 12mo, 1851. 5. Manual of German Literature, 1853. 6. 
 Latin Grammar, 1858. 
 
 Adolphus, John, 1766-1845, b. in London, barrister- 
 at-law. 1. Hist, of England from the Accession of George 
 III. to 1783, 3 vols., 1802 ; new ed., 7 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " We have no hesitation in recommending the volume before us 
 as a useful and interesting work. The future historian will recur 
 to it as a valuable . magazine of facts which will tend much to 
 diminish the labour of his investigations." Edin. Rev. 
 
 2. Biog. Memoirs of French Revolution, 2 vols., 1799. 
 
 " A work in which, with great ability, collecting everywhere from 
 the most authentic sources, and subjoining uniformly a full refer 
 ence to his authorities, he gives the only accurate history yet extant 
 of those tremendous times and the principal agents in them." 
 British Critic. 
 
 He pub. other works, and assisted Archdeacon Coxe in 
 preparing for the press his Memoirs of Sir Robert Walpole. 
 
 Adolphus, John Leycester, son of the preceding. 1. 
 Letters to Richard Heber, 1821. This work was written to 
 prove that Sir Walter Scott was the author of the Waverley 
 Novels. 
 
 " From its appearance Sir Walter felt that his incognito was 
 ended, and thenceforth he wore his mask loosely." 
 
 2. In connexion with T. F. Ellis, Reports of Cases argued 
 and determined in the Court of King's Bench 4 Wm. IV., 
 1834-40, 12 vols. r. 8vo ; Lon., 1835-42 ; new series, 1841- 
 47, 8 vols. r. 8vo ; 1842-48. 
 
 A dorno, J. N. Harmony of the Universe, 8vo, Lon. 
 
 Adrian IV., d. 1159, was the only Englishman who ever 
 attained the papal throne. His name originally was Nicho 
 las Breakspear; his native place, Langley, near St. Alban's. 
 He wrote an account of his legation, a treatise on the 
 Miraculous Conception, and some sermons. 
 
 Adrian, Robert, LL.D., 1775-1843. Improved ed. 
 of Button's Mathematics, &c., Scientific papers, &c. 
 
 Ady, J. The Harmony of the Divine Will, Lond., 1811. 
 
 Ady, T., a writer upon Witchcraft, Lond., 1656-61. 
 
 Adye, R. W. Bombardier and P. Gunner, Lond., 1813. 
 
 Adye, S. P. Treatise on Ct. Martials, &c., Lond., 1778. 
 
 jEry, T.,M.D., a medical writer, Whitehaven, 1774, <fec. 
 
 yEton. A treatise on the Church, Edinburgh, 1730. 
 
 Affleck, Capt. Agitation of the Sea, <fcc., Phil. Trans. 
 
 Agar, W. Fourteen Sermons, Ac., London, 1756-59. 
 
 Agard, Arthur, 1540-1615, a learned antiquary, born 
 at Foston, Derbyshire. He wrote a number of treatises 
 upon the High Court of Parliament, the Antiquity of Shires, 
 of the Houses or Inns of Court, and Chancery, and upon 
 Doomsday Book. 
 
 Agas. See AGGAS. 
 
 Agassiz, Louis Jean Rodolphe, born 1807, at 
 Motiers, Canton of Freyburg, in Switzerland. His ances 
 tors were of French origin, and were among the number 
 of those Protestants who, in 1685, at the time of the Revo 
 cation of the Edict of Nantes, were forced to fly from France. 
 
 His father, who was a Protestant minister, intended him 
 for the church ; but, owing to an intuitive love for Natural 
 History, he preferred the study of Medicine, as affording 
 a fuller scope for the bent of his genius. To carry out 
 this design, he entered the Medical School of Zurich, but 
 completed his professional studies at -the University of 
 Heidelberg, where he particularly devoted his attention to 
 anatomy, under the direction of Professor Tiedemann. As 
 a student and anatomist, he gained a reputation far above 
 his compeers. About this time he acquired some celebrity 
 among his fellow-students as a lecturer on Natural Histo 
 ry ; but very soon his extensive knowledge and accurate 
 discrimination attracted the notice of men of science. 
 
 From Heidelberg he entered the University of Munich, 
 where he remained four years. His rare attainments in 
 duced Martius to employ him to prepare the ichthyological 
 department of the Natural History of Brazil, which added 
 greatly to his scientific fame. His parents remonstrated 
 against this devotion to science, and, finding persuasion 
 ineffectual, determined to reduce his regular stipend ; but 
 his unmitigated ardour, and indomitable perseverance in the 
 pursuit of his favourite studies, attracted the notice of the 
 great German publisher, Cotta, who advanced him such 
 sums as he required. After taking the degrees of Doctor 
 of Medicine and Philosophy, he repaired to Vienna, where 
 he entered upon the study of fossil fishes. Through the 
 liberality of a friend, he visited Paris, where he gained the 
 40 
 
 friendship of Cuvier, which continued till his death. At 
 Paris he became intimately acquainted with Humboldt. 
 
 Agassiz was appointed Professor of Natural History in 
 the College of Neufchatel, on his return to Switzerland. 
 Here he remained until 1846, when he embarked for Ame 
 rica, and soon after was appointed Professor of Zoology 
 and Geology in the Lawrence Scientific School. At thirty, 
 he was a member of nearly every scientific academy of 
 Europe, besides having the degree of Doctor of LaAvs con 
 ferred on him by the Universities of Edinburgh and Dublin. 
 He first promulgated the Glacial Theory in 1837. To 
 collect facts relating to this subject, he spent eight sum 
 tners upon the glacier of the Aar, 8000 feet above the level 
 of the sea, and twelve miles from any human habitation. 
 The following are his chief scientific works : 
 " Recherches sur les Poissons fossiles, 5 vols. 4to, and 400 plates, 
 folio, Neufchatel, 1834-44. Histoire naturelle des Poissons d'eau 
 douce, 1 vol. 8vo, and 2 portfolios of plates, Neufchatel, 1839. Etudes 
 sur les glaciers, 1 vol. 8vo, d'atlas in folio, Neufchatel, 1840. Systeme 
 I glacier, 1 vol. 8vo, d'atlas in folio, Paris, 1847. Monoaraphies 
 I d'Echnodermes, 4 parts, 4to, Neufchatel, 1838-42. Etudes critiques 
 ! BUT les Mollesques fossiles. 5 parts, 4to. Neufchatel, 1840-45. No- 
 menclator Zoologicus, 1 vol. 4to, Joloduri, 1842-46. Bibliographia 
 Zoologiae et Geolopa% London, 3 vols. 8vo, Ray Soc., 1848. Lake 
 Superior; its physical character, &c.. plates and maps, 8vo, 1850. 
 Twelve Lectures on Comparative Embryology, 8vo, 1849. In con 
 nection with Dr. A. A. Gould, Principles of Zoology, 2d ed., 1851 . 
 Contributed many valuable articles in Trans. Lond. Zool. Soc.; Brit. 
 Assoc. ; Filliman's Jour. ; Edin. New. Phil. Jour.; Proc. Lond. Geol. 
 Soc.; Phil. Mag.; Bibl.Univ.; L.u.Br. N.Jahrb. Proc. Am. Assoc.; 
 Trans. Amer. Acad. Science and Arts ; Smithsonian Contrib., &c. 
 
 Contributions to the Natural History of the U. States, 
 Bost., 1857, 2 vols. 4to, to be complete in 10 vols. 
 
 "There are 2500 subscribers to this work in the United States. 
 A magnificent support of a purely scientific undertaking, executed 
 on a grand and expensive scale; a tribute to the worth of science, 
 and an appreciation of the labours of a great original investigator, 
 such as has never before been exhibited to the world." PROF. C. C. 
 FELTON: Appleton's New Amf.r. Cyc. 
 
 Agate, John. Theological Treatise, Oxford, 1708. 
 
 Agate, VV. Sermons, published 1750-58. 
 
 Agg, John, a novelist. Published Lon., 1808-13. 
 
 Aggas, Ralph, a surveyor and engraver. 
 " This celebrated surveyor published the first map of London in 
 1560, republished in 1618 and likewise in 1637." LOWNDES. 
 
 Aglionby, E. Latin Poem in Wilson's Epigram., 1552. 
 
 Aglionby, John, D.D., 1566-1609, originally De 
 Aguilon, educated at Queen's College, Oxford, was chaplain 
 to James I., and one of the divines engaged in the version 
 of the Scriptures set forth by that monarch. 
 
 Aglionby, W. Works upon Painting, Lond., 1 685, Ac. 
 
 Aguilar, Grace, was born at Hackney, England, 
 June, 1816. Her father was Emanuel Aguilar, a merchant, 
 descended from the Jews of Spain. She went abroad for 
 her health, and died in Frankfort, in 1847. She could not 
 speak for some time before her decease j but having learned 
 to use her fingers in the manner of the deaf and dumb, 
 almost the last time they moved, it was to spell upon them 
 feebly, " Though He slay me, yet will I trust in Him." 
 She wrote The Magic Wreath, a little poetical work ; Home 
 Influence, Mother's Recompense, Jewish Faith, its Conso 
 lation, <fec., Records of Israel, Women of Israel, Vale of 
 Cedars, Woman's Friendship, Days of Bruce, and Home 
 Scenes and Heart Studies. Several of these were pub 
 lished after her death. 
 
 Home Influence, a Tale for Mothers and Daughters, 
 second edition, in 1 vol., with a. Memoir of the Author. 
 
 Agutter, Wm. Sundry Sermons, Lond., 1796-1808. 
 
 Ahlers, C. Woman of Godalming, London, 1726. 
 
 Aickin, J. On Grammar, 1693; Counterfeiting, 1696. 
 
 Aickin, J. Sermon, published Dublin, 1705. 
 
 A i Ken. Sermons, Edinburgh, 1767. 
 
 Aikin, Anna L. See BARBAULD. 
 
 Aikin, Arthur, was one of the editors of the Annals 
 of Philosophy, and a voluminous writer upon Mineralogy 
 and Chemistry. He edited The Annual Review, 1803, <fec., 
 7 vols. His Journal of a Tour through North Wales, Ac., 
 1797, Stevenson praises as "an admirable specimen of a 
 mineralogical and geological tour." 
 
 Aikin, C. R., surgeon, London, in conjunction with 
 the above published a Dictionary of Chemistry, 1807-14. 
 He was the author of several other professional works. 
 
 Aikin, E. Architectural works, London, 1808-1810. 
 
 Aikin, J., contributor to Phil. Trans., 1774. 
 
 Aikin, John, M.D., 1747-1822, born at Kibworth, 
 Harcourt, was the only son of Rev. J. Aikin, LL.D., and 
 brother of Anna Letitia Aikin, afterwards Mrs. Barbauld. 
 He attended the lectures of Dr. John Hunter in 1770, and 
 took the degree of M. D. at Leyden. His first publications 
 were professional, and very favourably received. In 1772 
 he published his vol. of Essays on Song Writing, which has 
 
AIK 
 
 AIN 
 
 been commended as "a much esteemed and elegant collec 
 tion." In 1775 he published A Specimen of the Medical 
 Biography of Great Britain, which was sufficiently approved 
 to induce him to prepare a volume of Biographical Me 
 moirs of Medicine in Great Britain, from the revival of 
 Literature to the time of Hervey, London, 1780. About 
 the year 1792, in conjunction with his sister, he commenced 
 the Evenings at Home, completed in 6 volumes in 1795. 
 Almost the whole of the matter was the production of the 
 doctor's pen. 
 
 " These little books are too well known to require any comment ; 
 and they have led the way to many others of a similar nature, and 
 been translated into almost every European language." 
 
 He next published the Letters from a Father to a Son. 
 From 1796-1807 he was literary editor of the Monthly 
 Magazine. In January, 1807, he started the Athenaeum, 
 which was discontinued in 1809. He commenced, in 1796, 
 a General Biography, in which Mr. Nicholson, Drs. En- 
 field and Morgan, and others, assisted him. This work 
 extended to ten quarto volumes, and was published 1799- 
 1815, having employed the doctor nearly twenty years; 
 yet time was found by him for various other literary works. 
 Rose's New Biog. Diet. Widely different opinions have 
 been entertained as to the merit of Aikin's Biographical 
 Dictionary. Mr. Gifford calls it a " worthless compilation," 
 whilst Roscoe, in his Life of Leo X., praises it as " a work 
 which does not implicitly adopt prescriptive errors, but 
 evinces a sound judgment, a manly freedom of sentiment, 
 and a correct taste." Here is a vast difference of opinion ! 
 We find some reference to this work in Mr. Southey's Cor 
 respondence : 
 
 " Did I tell you," he writes to his brother, " that I have promised 
 to supply the lives of th Spanish and Portuguese authors in the 
 remaining volumes of Dr. Aikin's great General Biography?" In 
 1807, he tells Longman & Co., " At Dr. Aikin's request, I have un 
 dertaken (long since) the Spanish and Portuguese literary part of 
 his biography. Some articles appeared in the last volume, and few 
 as they are, I suppose they entitle me to it. Will you ask Dr. A. 
 if this be the case?" 
 
 From 1811-15, he edited Dodsley's Annual Register. In 
 1820, his last publication, the Select Works of the British 
 Poets, (Johnson to Beattie,) made its appearance. A con 
 tinuation of the series by other hands has been published. 
 Dr. Aikin died December 7, 1822. He was emphatically 
 a literary man. Dr. Watt gives a list of about fifty publi 
 cations of this industrious and useful writer. 
 
 Aikin, Lucy, daughter of the preceding, authoress of 
 several historical and other works. Epistles. Juvenile 
 Correspondence. Memoirs of the Court of James I., Lon., 
 1822, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " An admirable historical work, nearly as entertaining as a novel, 
 and far more instructive than most histories." Edinburgh Review. 
 
 Miss Aikin has also given to the world, Mem. of the Court 
 of Queen Eliz., 1818, 2 vols. 8vo; of the Court of Charles 
 L, 1833, 2 vols. 8vo ; Life of Addison, 1843, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Aikman, Jas. Poems, chiefly lyrical, Edin., 1816. 
 
 Ailmer, John. See AYLMER. 
 
 Ailred of Rievaux, 1109-1166. The name of this 
 eminent writer, which was properly Ethelred, is variously 
 spelt in old manuscripts, Ailred, Aelred, Aired, Ealred, 
 Alured, <fcc. Ailred, the most usual form, appears to be 
 merely a north-country abbreviation of Ethelred. He was 
 born in 1109, and was educated in company with Henry, 
 eon of David, King of Scotland, whose friendship, as well 
 as that of his father, he continued long to enjoy; and the 
 latter would have raised him to a bishopric, but he prefer 
 red entering himself as a Cistercian monk in the Abbey of 
 Rievaux, in the North Riding of Yorkshire. Here his vir 
 tues and abilities were soon acknowledged by his fellow- 
 monks, and he was made master' of the novices. His 
 monkish biographer tells us that his extraordinary sanctity 
 was exhibited by miracles which he performed almost in 
 his childhood. After remaining some time at Rievaux, 
 Ailred was removed to be made abbot of the monastery of 
 Revesby in Lincolnshire, which was a more recent founda 
 tion of the Cistercian order. He died on the 12th oi" Janu 
 ary, 1 166, at the age of fifty-seven. As an historical writer, 
 Ailred has little importance in comparison even with the 
 ordinary chroniclers of his age, for he too generally pre 
 fers improbable legends to sober truth. His historical 
 works are not very numerous. They consist of, 1. The 
 Life of Edward the Confessor, which has been frequently 
 printed. 2. An account of the Battle of the Standard, 
 printed by Twysden. 3. A work entitled in the old cata 
 logue of Rievaux, De Generositate et Moribus et Morte 
 regis David, which also has been printed by Twysden, who 
 gives it the title Genealogia regum Anglorum. This book, 
 dedicated to Henry II. before his accession to the throne, 
 
 begins with an account of David, King of Scotland, which 
 is followed by a brief history of the Anglo-Saxon and 
 Anglo-Norman kings. The old bibliographers have made 
 more than one book out of this tract. 4. The Life of St. 
 Margaret, Queen of Scotland, which is only preserved in 
 an abridged form. 5. The Story of a Nun of Watton in 
 Yorkshire, who was seduced and afterwards repented. 
 6, 7. The early catalogue of the library of Rievaux, 
 printed in the Reliquiae Antiquae, enumerates, among Ail- 
 red's writings, a Vita Sancti Niniani Episcopi, and a trea 
 tise De Miraculis Hagustaldensis Ecclesiae. The Life of 
 St. Ninianus was formerly in MS., Cotton. Tiberius D. 3, 
 now nearly destroyed. The Miracles of the Church of 
 Hexham are preserved in the Bodleian Library. John of 
 Peterborough, under the date 1153, observes, "Here ends 
 the chronicle of Ailred." Ailred's theological writings are 
 more numerous, and consist of, 8. Thirty-three homilies or 
 sermons, De Onere Babylonis, on the thirteenth, fourteenth, 
 fifteenth, and sixteenth chapters of Isaiah, addressed to 
 Gilbert, Bishop of London, and therefore written after 1161. 
 9. The Speculum, or Mirror of Divine Love. 10. A Com 
 pendium Speculi Charitatis. 11. A dialogue De Spiritual! 
 Amicitia, the plan of which arose from the perusal of the 
 treatise De Amicitia of Cicero. 12. A tract on the words 
 of the evangelist, Cum factus esset Jesus annorum duode 
 cimo anno Christi, which is sometimes entitled De duo 
 decimo anno Christi. This work, and the four preceding, 
 were collected and printed at Douai early in the seventeenth 
 century, by Richard Gibbons, a Jesuit, and were reprinted 
 in the Bibliotheca Patrum. 13. Liber de Institutione In- 
 clusarum, or the Rule of Nuns. This, being found with 
 out the name of the author, was printed among the works 
 of St. Augustine, but it was given under Ailred's name in 
 the collection of monastic rules published by Lucas Hol- 
 stenius. It is enumerated among Ailred's works in the 
 early catalogue of the Rievaux library. 14. He wrote a 
 considerable number of homilies and sermons, some of 
 which have been printed. Thirty-two of his sermons are 
 intermixed with those of St. Bernard in a manuscript at 
 Lambeth, and twenty-five inedited sermons of th& same 
 writer were printed in the Bibliotheca Cisterciensium. 
 15. A large collection of epistles by Ailred appear to be 
 entirely lost. 16. His dialogue De Natura Animae is pre 
 served in the Bodleian Library, MS. Bodl. Mus. 52. 
 17. The old catalogue of Rievaux mentions a work by 
 Ailred, entitled Fasciculus Frondium. 
 
 His rhythmical prose in honour of St. Cuthbert, as well 
 as his " Epitaph on the Kings of Scotland," is lost, unless 
 the latter be the prosaic Chronicon Rhythmicum printed 
 at the end of the Chronicon of Mailros, in the edition by 
 Mr. Stevenson. Among the manuscripts of Caius College, 
 Cambridge, according to Tanner, there is a version of the 
 Life of St. Edward in Leonine Latin Elegiacs, ascribed to 
 Ailred, and commencing with the line, 
 
 Cum tibi, Lauren ti, cogor parere jubentl. 
 
 On account of this poem, Leyser admits Ailred into his 
 list of mediaeval Latin poets. Abbreviated from Wright's 
 Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Ainslie, Alex., M.D. Medical writer, Edin., 1753, Ac. 
 
 Ainslie, Hew., b. 1792, Ayrshire, Scot., settled in 
 America, 1822. 1. Pilgrimage to the Land of Burns. 2. 
 Scottish Songs, Ballads, and Poems, 1855, N. York, 12mo. 
 
 Ainslie, J. Treatise on Surveying, Edinburgh, 1812. 
 Tables for computing Weights of Hay, <fec., London, 1806. 
 Farmer's Pocket Companion, Edinburgh, 1812. Treatise 
 on Land Surveying. A new and enlarged Edition, em 
 bracing Railway, Military, Marine, and Geodetical Sur 
 veying. Edited by W. Galbraith, M.A., F.R.A.S. In 8vo, 
 with a quarto volume ofc plates, price 21s. 
 
 " The best book on surveying with which I am acquainted." 
 WILLIAM RUTHERFORD, LL.D., F.R.A^B., Royal Military Academy. 
 Woolwich. 
 
 Ainslie, Robert. Blindness and Indifference of Men 
 to Futurity; a Discourse occasioned by the Death of 
 George the Fourth, London, 1830. 
 
 " It is rich in practical and pointed reflections upon the thought 
 lessness of men in reference to their eternal destiny. The dis 
 course is very creditable to the author, both as a literary and 
 theological composition." Evan. Mag., 1830. 
 
 Reasons for the Hope that is in us. A Series of Essays 
 on the Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion, the 
 Immortality of the Soul, &c., London, 1838. 
 
 Ainslie, Sir Robert. Views in Egypt, Palestine, and 
 the Ottoman Empire, London, 2 vols. fol. 
 
 Ainslie, W., M.D., A. Smith and M. Christie, M.D. 
 Medical, Geographical, and Agricultural Report by them, 
 on the Causes of the Epidemical Fever, which prevailed 
 
 41 
 
AIN 
 
 AIT 
 
 in the Provinces of Caimbatore, Madeira, Dinigal, and 
 Tinnevelly, in 1809-10-11, Lon., 1816. 
 
 Ains worth, Henry, D.D., d. 1662, date and place of 
 birth unknown. He became a Brownist in 1590, and suf 
 fered in the persecutions which that sect endured. He 
 found a refuge in Holland, where he laboured with Mr. 
 Johnson in raising a church at Amsterdam, and in com 
 piling A Confession of Faith of the People called Brown- 
 ists. He was noted, even in his youth, for his knowledge 
 of the learned languages, especially for his skill in the 
 Hebrew tongue. He applied himself with great diligence 
 to the study of the Rabbins, and is thought to have owed 
 his death to his zeal for the conversion of the Jews. Hav 
 ing found a diamond of great value, he restored it to its 
 owner, a Jew, who begged him to accept a reward. Ains 
 worth stipulated for an opportunity of a disputation with 
 some of the Rabbis upon the Old Testament prophecies 
 relating to the Messiah. The Jew acceded to his request, 
 but unable or unwilling to perform his promise, had the 
 zealous divine poisoned, thus evincing the odium theolo- 
 gicum to a remarkable degree. Narrations of this character 
 are to be received with great caution. His Annotations 
 on the Psalms were printed in 1612, 4to ; on the Pentateuch, 
 2 vols. 4to, 1621; and (folio) in 1627 and 1639. His trea 
 tise, A Counter-Poison against Bernard and Crashaw, 1608, 
 excited much attention, and was answered by Bishop Hall. 
 Few authors have been more quoted by learned men of 
 various countries than Dr. Ainsworth. Walch observes of 
 his Commentaries on the Psalms, "Monstrant istse erudi- 
 tioncm non mediocrum ac merito laudantur." In 1690, 
 the work was translated into Dutch, and Poole has incor 
 porated the substance of it in his Latin synopsis. 
 
 Dr. Doddridge and Dr. Adam Clarke express a high 
 opinion of the value of the Annotations. 
 
 Ainsworth, J. Obs. rel. to a pro. Duty on Cotton, 1813. 
 Ainsworth, Robert, 1660-1743, well known as the 
 author of a work which many profit by at first against 
 their will the Dictionary of the Latin Tongue. Mr. 
 Ainsworth was born at Woodyale near Manchester. His 
 Dictionary cost him twenty years' labour, and was first 
 published in 1736. It was dedicated to that eminent 
 scholar, one of the brightest ornaments of the medical pro 
 fession, Dr. Richard Mead, of whom we shall have more 
 to say in his place. Of the Dictionary, there have been 
 improved editions by Patrick, Ward, Young, Carey, <fcc. 
 This work was far better than any that preceded it. Since 
 its publication the treasures of the Latin tongue have 
 been greatly developed by classical scholars in Germany 
 and elsewhere. The lexicons of Gesner, Facciolati, Shel- 
 ler, Georges, and Freund are of inestimable value to the 
 student. The Wb'rterbuch der Lateinischen Sprache of Dr. 
 Wilhelm Freund was published in Leipzig in four volumes, 
 containing 4500 pages, in the following order: vol. i. 
 (A C) in 1834; vol. iv. (R Z) in 1840; vol. ii. (D K) 
 in 1844; and vol. iii. (L Q) in 1845. Upon the basis of 
 this work Dr. E. A. Andrews's Lexicon is founded. 
 
 Ainsworth, Wm., author of Marrow of the Bible, in 
 Verse, Lon., 1652, and of other works. 
 
 Ainsworth, Wm. Triplex Memoriale, &c., 1650. 
 Ainsworth, William Francis, M.D., b. 1807, at 
 Exeter; studied medicine and graduated at Edinburgh; 
 took charge of the Journal of Natural and Geographical 
 Science, 1828. 1. Researches in Babylonia, Syria, <fcc., 1842, 
 Lon., 8vo. 2. Travels and Researches in Asia Minor 
 Mesopotamia, <&c., 2 vols. p. 8vo. 3. Travels in the Track 
 of the Ten Thousand Greeks, 1844, p. 8vo. 4. The Claims 
 of the Christian Aborigines in the East. 
 
 Ainsworth, W. Harrison, novelist, b. 1805, and in 
 tended for the law. In 1826, he pub. a novel, John Cheverton, 
 which was commended by Sir Walter Scott. In 1834, Rook- 
 wood appeared, followed (after pub. of Crichton) by another 
 bad book of the same class, Jack Sheppard. Works of this 
 mischievous character might be very appropriately pub 
 lished as a series, under the title of the " Tyburn Plutarch." 
 We are glad that the author has struck upon a better vein 
 in his later works of fiction. The Tower of London, Old 
 Saint Paul's, Windsor Castle, and St. James's Palace, are 
 thought much more creditable to the novelist than the 
 works above censured. Mr. Ainsworth resides in the 
 neighbourhood of Kilburn; he edits the New Monthly, 
 and the magazine which bears his name. 
 
 Ainsworth, T. The Validity of Episcopal Ordina 
 tion, and invalidity of any other, considered in Three 
 Letters between a Presbyter of the Church of England 
 (T. Ainsworth) and a Dissenting Teacher, (Asher Hum 
 phreys,) Oxford, 1719. 
 
 Ainsworth, Thomas, Vicar of Kimbolton. Sermon : 
 42 
 
 I Cor. iii. 21-23. True Riches, or the Christian's Posses 
 sions, London, 1840. Sermon : 2 Tim. iv. 5. Pastoral 
 Duties, (Visitation,) London, 1844. 
 
 Airay, Christopher, 1601-1670, of Queen's College. 
 Oxford, author of a work on Logic, and some other treatises. 
 
 Airay, Henry, 1559-1616, Provost of King's College, 
 Oxford, author of a number of theological works. The 
 Lectures upon Philippians were published 1618. 
 
 Aird, James* Case of Spasms in the Oesophagus; 
 Medical Essay. 
 
 Aird, Thomas, b. 1802, at Bowden, Roxburyshire. 
 A poet of much promise, author of the beautiful stanzas 
 entitled My Mother's Grave. He has pub. The Captive 
 of Fez; Old Bachelor in the Old Scottish Village; Ithuriel, 
 and other poems ; Poetical Works, new and complete ed., 
 Edin,, 1846, sm. 8vo: see Lon. Athen., 1485, April 12, 1856. 
 Religious Characteristics. Ed. Poems of David Macbeth 
 Moir, (the " Delta" of Blackwood's Mag.,) with Memoir 
 prefixed, 1852, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 Aires, Joseph. Two Serins, on Prov. xiv. 34, 1715. 
 
 Airy, George Biddell, b. July, 1801, at Alnwick, 
 Northumberland, Astronomer-Royal of England; entered 
 Trinity Coll. at the age of 18 ; took the degree of B.A., 
 1823 ; in 1826, took the degree M.A., and was appointed to 
 the Lucasian Professorship; in 1828, was elected Plumian 
 Prof, of Astronomy and Director of the newly-erected Ob 
 servatory at Cambridge; he was appointed Astronomer- 
 Royal in 1835, on the resignation of Mr. Pond, and, in 
 the same year, was elected President of the Roy. Ast. Soc. 
 1. Reductions of Observations of the Moon, 1750-1830, 2 
 vols. 4to. 
 
 "An immense magazine of dormant facts contained in the 
 Annals of the Royal Observatory are rendered available to astro 
 nomical use." ADMIRAL SMYTH. 
 
 2. Astronomical Observations, Greenwich, 1845-53, 9 vols. 
 4to. 3. Explanation of the Solar System, 8vo. 4. Lectures 
 on Astronomy at Ipswich, 1848, Svo; 3d ed., 1856. 5. 
 Mathematical Tracts on Physical Astronomy, Svo; 4th ed., 
 1858. 6. Treatise on Gravitation, Svo. Contrib. " Figure 
 of the Earth" and " Tides and Waves" to Encyclopedia 
 Metropolitana, " Gravitation" to Penny Cyclopedia, and 
 numerous valuable papers to Philosophical Transactions, 
 Memoirs of Astronomical Society, Trans. Cambridge Phil. 
 Soc., <fcc. 
 
 " Prof. Airy, of Cambridge, the first of living mathematicians 
 and astronomers, the first of this country, at least." Sir Robert 
 Peel to Robert Southey, Whitehall, April 4, 1835 : Soutiuy's Life and 
 Corresp., chap, xxxvi. 
 
 The Royal Astronomical Society awarded two of its 
 medals to Prof. Airy, one for his " Observations of the 
 Moon and Planets from 1750 to 1830 ;" the other for his 
 discovery of the "Long Inequality of Venus and the 
 Earth." This paper was communicated to the Royal So 
 ciety, and was published in the Philosophical Transactions. 
 
 Aisbatie, J. Speech before the House of Lords, 1721. 
 
 Aitchison. Modern Gazetteer, Perth, 1798. 
 
 Aitken, D., Surgeon R.N. Con. to Ann. of Med., vii. 
 309, 1802. 
 
 Aitken, John, M.D., d. 1790, a teacher of anatomy, 
 surgery, &c. at Edinburgh ; he published a number of pro 
 fessional essays, 1771-90. 
 
 Aitken, Robert, 1734-1802, came to America in 
 1769, and was for a long time a printer in Philadelphia. 
 He has the credit of the authorship of An Inquiry con 
 cerning the Principles of a Commercial System for the 
 United States. He published an edition of the Bible, 
 copies of which are now exceedingly rare, and worth a 
 high price among bibliographers. 
 
 Aitken, William. Ten Sermons, Edinburgh, 1767. 
 
 Aitkens, J. A work upon Fire Arms, London, 1781. 
 
 Aitkinson. Epitome of the Art of Navigation, 1759. 
 
 Aitkinson. Sermons, London, 1772. 
 
 Aiton, John, D.D., Minister of Dolphinton. The 
 Lands of the Messiah, Mohammed, and the Pope, as visited 
 in 1851, pub. 1852, Svo, London. 
 
 " We doubt whether there has yet been produced a more amus 
 ing volifhie upon the East. . . Dr. Alton's account of his ascent 
 of the Pyramids is so graphic that we must give it in his own 
 words; indeed, we question whether it would have been possible 
 to Smollett, in his broadest comic mood, to heighten the effect of 
 the picture. . . His sketches of the banks of the Jordan, and 
 the shores of the Dead Sea, possess considerable merit." Slack- 
 wood/ 's Magazine. 
 
 " Dr. Aiton, in composition, is always clear, sometimes eloquent, 
 and occasionally graphic. He is honest and unprejudiced, and 
 looks on all with which he comes in contact with a fresh and 
 penetrating eye. . . . The volume has honesty and freshness, 
 and is never dull or wearisome." Fraser's Magazine, 
 
 Aiton, William, agricultural writer, Glasg., 1805-16. 
 
 Aiton, William, 1731-93 an eminent botanist, and 
 
AIT 
 
 ARE 
 
 gardener to George III. Hortus Kewensis : or, a Cata 
 logue of the Plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gar 
 dens at Kew, illustrated with engravings, London, 1789, 
 3 vols. 1810-11, 5 Vols. See AITON, W. T. 
 
 " A most curious, instructive, and excellent botanical work, 
 which for scientific arrangement and execution has never been 
 surpassed." LOWNDES. 
 
 Alton, William T., son of the former, and suc 
 ceeded him as gardener to the king. He published a new 
 edition of Hortus Kewensis, (also an epitome of the same,) 
 and some other horticultural works. 
 
 Akenside, Mark, M.D., 1721-1770, was born Novem 
 ber 9, at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. His father, a butcher of 
 that place, intended him for the ministry among the Dis 
 senters, and he was accordingly sent to the University of 
 Edinburgh, where he remained three years. Preferring 
 the study of physic to that of divinity, he returned a sum 
 he had received for the prosecution of his studies, and 
 took up his residence at Leyden, where, after three years' 
 application, he took his degree of M.D., May 16, 1744. 
 In the same year he published his Pleasures of the Ima 
 gination. 
 
 " I have heard Dodsley, by whom it was published, relate, that 
 when the copy was offered him, the price demanded for it, which 
 was a hundred and twenty pounds, being such as he was not in 
 clined to give precipitately, he carried the work to Pope, who, hav 
 ing looked into it, advised him not to make a niggardly offer; for 
 ' this was no every-day writer.' " DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 The poem was well received ; and its circulation not in 
 jured by an attack from Warburton, elicited by Akenside's 
 having adopted Shaftesbury's assertion respecting ridicule 
 as a test of truth. Jeremiah Dyson took up the cudgels 
 for Akenside, and thus the young author "awoke and 
 found himself famous." The Epistle to Curio was his 
 next publication. This was an attack upon Pulteney, 
 Earl of Bath, upon political grounds. Different opinions, 
 of course, were expressed of the merits of this epistle. 
 
 " A very acrimonious epistle." DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 "Impressive, moral, and sensible production." Hutchinsori's 
 Biographia Medica. 
 
 In 1745 he published his first collection of odes, and 
 soon after commenced the practice of medicine at North 
 ampton, which he quitted for Hampstead, and in two 
 years and a half for London. His generous friend, Mr. 
 Dyson, who had before drawn his pen on his behalf, now 
 generously drew his purse, and made him the handsome 
 allowance of 300 per annum. In June, 1751, the Royal 
 College of Physicians associated him as a licentiate, and 
 in April, 1754, he was elected a Fellow of the College, 
 having received a doctor's degree the preceding year by 
 mandamus at Cambridge. In 1759 he received the ap 
 pointment of assistant physician to St. Thomas's Hospital, 
 and was shortly after made one of the physicians to the 
 queen. He was selected by the College of Physicians to 
 deliver the Gulstonian lectures in 1755, and the Croonian 
 in 1756. Akenside was obtaining considerable eminence, 
 when he was attacked by a putrid fever, which proved 
 fatal on the 23d of June, 1770, in his 49th year. We 
 should not omit to mention that his thesis upon taking 
 his degree of M.D. at Leyden, entitled De Ortu et Incre- 
 mento Foetus Humani, took new grounds upon the subject, 
 which experience has since confirmed. 
 
 In his professional conduct to the indigent patients 
 placed under his charge, Akenside cannot be too much 
 blamed. Dr. Lettsom, a pupil at the hospital, tells some 
 unpleasant truths respecting this matter, which the bio 
 grapher would gladly spare. He was 
 
 " Supercilious and unfeeling. If the poor affrighted patients 
 did not return a direct answer to his queries, he would instantly 
 discharge them from the hospital; he evinced a particular disgust 
 to females, and generally treated them with harshness. One leg 
 of Akenside was considerably shorter than the other, which 
 obliged him to wear a false heel. He had a pale, strumous coun 
 tenance, but was always very neat and elegant in his dress. He 
 wore a large white wig, and carried a long sword." 
 
 We are told that sometimes he would order some of the 
 attendants on his visiting days to precede him with 
 brooms to clear the way, and prevent too near an approach 
 of the patients. Biography is a faithful friend to the 
 race, when obliged to register the faults and follies of 
 genius. The living are thus taught circumspection in 
 their " walk and conversation." How little did Akenside 
 suppose that a century hence thousands who admired the 
 poet, would be forced to detest the physician, and despise 
 the fop ! The pride of Akenside, and his rough treatment 
 of his indigent patients, are the more striking when we 
 consider that he himself was a pensioner of the generous 
 Jeremiah Dyson. His lofty pretension, too, was suicidal to 
 bis pride, as it was a continual remembrancer of his obscure 
 
 parentage : obscure, but no subject for shame. As a son 
 of a butcher, he was perfectly respectable ; when aping 
 fashion and rank, he was supremely ridiculous. Roche 
 foucauld truly says that "we are never ridiculous for 
 what we are, but only for what we pretend to be." 
 
 We turn to a more agreeable theme. The Pleasures of 
 the Imagination has been deservedly commended for all 
 the excellencies of style, language, and illustration which 
 constitute a poem of the first order. Dr. Johnson speaks 
 of it as raising expectations that were not very amply 
 satisfied : 
 
 "It has, undoubtedly, a just claim to very particular notice, as 
 an example of great felicity of genius, and uncommon amplitude 
 of acquisitions; of a young rniiid stored with images, and much 
 exercised in combining and comparing them. . . . The subject is 
 well chosen, as it includes all images that can strike or please, and 
 thus comprises every species of poetical delight." 
 
 "As I know that Akenside ; s work on the Pleasures of Imagina 
 tion is deservedly one of your most favourite poems, I send you 
 enclosed what, I have no doubt, you \yill set a due value upon 
 no less than a copy of all the corrections he made with his own 
 hand on the poem. They were inserted in the margin of his 
 printed copy, which afterwards passed into the hands of a gentle 
 man, from a friend of whom, and of my own, a very ingenious 
 young Templar, I received them." PINKERTON : Heron's Letters. 
 
 These marginal alterations were published by Mr. 
 Pinkerton. 
 
 "Had Akenside completed his plan, his poem would have lost 
 as much in poetry as it would have gained in philosophy." DR. 
 AIKIN. 
 
 Akenside intended to revise and enlarge this poem, but 
 he died before his intention was fulfilled. 
 
 " His periods are long but harmonious, the cadences fall with 
 grace, and the measure is supported with dignity." 
 
 Johnson declares that 
 
 " Of his odes nothing favourable can be said ; the sentiments 
 commonly want force, nature, or novelty ; the diction is some 
 times harsh and uncouth," &c. 
 
 Yet when Mr. Elliott (father of Lord Minto) was com 
 mended for his eloquent speech in support of the Scotch 
 militia, he exclaimed, 
 
 " If I was above myself, I can account for it ; for I had been 
 animated by the sublime ode of Dr. Akenside." 
 
 Gray censures the tone of false philosophy which is to 
 be observed in the Pleasures of the Imagination : 
 
 " The pleasures which this poem professes to treat of, proceed 
 either from natural objects, as from a flourishing grove, a clear 
 and murmuring fountain, a calm sea by moonlight, or from works 
 of art, such as a noble edifice, a musical tune, a statue, a picture, 
 
 Dr. Dibdin denominates Akenside 
 
 "The most perfect builder of our blank verse. Why are his 
 Pleasures of the Imagination so little perused ? There are a hun 
 dred (I had wellnigh said a thousand) electrical passages in this 
 charming poem." 
 
 " Akenside's picture of man is grand and beautiful, but un 
 finished. The immortality of the soul, which is the natural con 
 sequence of the appetites and powers she is invested with, is 
 scarcely once hinted throughout the poem." WALKER. 
 
 "If his genius is to be estimated from this poem, it will be 
 found to be lofty and elegant, chaste, correct, and classical." 
 MRS. BARBAULD. 
 
 " In his poem, as an elegant critic has observed with great pro 
 priety, he has united the grace of Virgil, the colouring of Milton, 
 the incidental expression of Shakspeare, to paint the finest fea 
 tures of the human mind, and the most lovely forms of true 
 morality and religion." Sucre's Life of Akenside. 
 
 "Akenside's Pleasures of the Imagination is a very brilliant 
 and pleasing production. Every page shows the refined taste and 
 cultivated mind of the author. That it can strictly be called a 
 
 work of genius, I am not prepared to admit His Hymns 
 
 and Odes have long since fallen into oblivion, and I do not feel 
 inclined to disturb their rest. His Inscriptions, however, have 
 an attic terseness and force, which are unequalled by any produc 
 tions of the same class in our language, excepting, perhaps, a few 
 by our contemporary, Southey." Neele's Lectures on English 
 Poetry. 
 
 Campbell remarks : 
 
 " The sweetness which we miss in Akenside is that which should 
 arise from the direct representations of life, and its warm realities 
 and affections. We seem to pass in his poem through a gallery of 
 pictured abstractions, rather than of pictured things." 
 
 " If any young man of genius, classical learning, and poetical 
 ardour, would present the world with a Greek translation of 
 Akenside's Hymn to the Naiads, and submit it to the correction 
 of an experienced Greek scholar before publication, he might es 
 tablish a learned and honourable reputation for himself, and add 
 another composition worthy of Homer or Callimachus. Sic liceat 
 magnas Graiorum implere catervas." Pursuits of Literature. 
 
 " BOSWELL : ' Akenside's distinguished poem is his Pleasures of 
 Imagination ; but, for my part, I never could admire it so much 
 as most people do.' JOHNSON : ' Sir, I could not read it through.' 
 BOSWELL : ' I have read it through ; but I did not find any great 
 power in it.' " 
 
 But on another occasion Johnson gave it as his opinion 
 that Akenside was a poet superior to both Gray and Ma 
 son. Boswell tells us that 
 
 43 
 
ARE 
 
 ALB 
 
 " When Akenside's Pleasures of Imagination first came out, 
 he did not put his name to the poem. Kolt went over to Dublin, 
 published an edition of it, and put his own name to it. Upon the 
 fame of this he lived for several months, being entertained at the 
 best tables, as the ingenious Mr. Rolt." 
 
 We need hardly inform those conversant with literary 
 history that this story has been refuted. We shall excite 
 a smile from our reader, when we beg him to remember 
 that bigoted worshipper of the Greeks and Romans, that 
 getter-up of that renowned " dinner after the manner of 
 the ancients," the inimitable physician in Peregrine 
 Pickle! The original of this mirth-compelling son of 
 jEsculapius was no less a person than our pompous friend 
 Doctor Akenside. Tobias Smollett was a rare hand at 
 a portrait! Mr. D'Israeli rates Dr. S. soundly for thus 
 " taking off" his brother of the lancet and bolus : 
 
 " Piqued with Akenside, for some reflections against Scotland, 
 Smollett has exhibited a man of great genius and virtue as a most 
 ludicrous personage; and who can discriminate, in the ridiculous 
 physician in Peregrine Pickle, what is real from what is fictitious ?" 
 ^Calamities of Authors. 
 
 Akenside's works: 1. Pleasures of Imagination, Lon 
 don, 1744, 4to, 1763, 8vo, with a Critical Essay by Mrs. 
 Barbauld, London, 1795, 12mo. Numerous editions. In 
 Italian. Par. 1764. 2. Ode to Lord Huntingdon, London, 
 1748. 3. An Ode to the Country Gentlemen of England, 
 London, 1757. 4. An Ode to the late Thomas Edwards, 
 London, 1763. 5. Notes on the Postscript of a Pamphlet, 
 entitled, Observations Anatomical and Physiological, by 
 Alexander Munro, Jr., London, 1758. 6. Oratio Har- 
 veiana, 1760. 7. De Dysenteria Commentarius, London, 
 1764. The same, translated into English, by Dr. Ryan, 
 London, 1766, and by Mr. Motteux, 1768. 8. Poems, Lon 
 don, 1772. 9. Poetical Works, including the Virtuosa, a 
 Fragment never before published, with the Life of the 
 Author, London, 1804. 10. Observations on Cancers, 
 Medieal Transactions, i. p. 64, 1768. 11. Of the use of 
 Ipecacuanha in Asthmas, ibid. p. 93. 12. A Method of 
 treating White Swellings of the Joints, ibid. p. 104. 
 13. Observations on the Origin and Use of the Lymphatic 
 Vessels of Animals, being an extract from the Gulstonian 
 Lectures, Phil. Trans. Abr. xi. 145. 14. Of a Blow on the 
 Heart, and its Effects, ibid. xii. 39, 1763. 
 
 In speaking of Akenside as a physician, we have already 
 given him credit for the new, yet legitimate, ground as- 
 Bumed by his thesis De Ortu et Incremento, <fcc. 
 
 " His principal medical work, De Dysenteria Commentarius, has 
 been commended, and is still to be valued, for the elegance of its 
 Latinity. Pathology has made great advances since the time of 
 Akenside, and the distinction between inflammation of the serous, 
 muscular, and mucous textures, are now better understood. The 
 treatment of dysentery depends upon the condition of those struc 
 tures, and Akenside's book is therefore no longer sought after but 
 as a specimen of elegant composition." 
 
 See Life, Writings, and Genius, by Bucke, 8vo, Lon 
 don, 1832; Pleasures of Imagination, by Aikin; Poems, 
 in the Memoir by Dyce ; Biog. Brit. ; Johnson's Lives of 
 the Poets. 
 
 Akerby, Geo. Life of Mr. J. Spiller, Lon., 1729. 
 
 Akerman, John Yonge. 1. A Numismatic Ma 
 nual ; or, Guide to the Collection and Study of Greek, 
 Roman, and English Coins. Illustrated by engravings 
 of many hundred Types, by means of which even im 
 perfect and obliterated pieces may be easily deciphered, 
 1 vol. 8vo. 
 
 " We have long looked for a work on Numismatics which might 
 give so much information as every well-educated man ought to 
 possess, be free from vulgar errors, and at the same time be within 
 the reach of the general reader. Just such a work has Mr. Aker 
 man given us." Church of England Quarterly Review, Oct. 1840. 
 
 2. Descriptive Catalogue of Rare and Unedited Roman 
 Coins; plates on India paper, 2 vols. royal 8vo, large 
 paper, 1834. 3. Ancient Coins : Hispan., Gallia, Britan 
 nia, 8vo. 4. Archaeological Index to Remains of Anti 
 quity, 8vo. 5. Introd. to Study of Anct. and Mod. Coins, 
 12mo. 6. Legends of Old London, p. 8vo. 7. Numis 
 matic Illustrations of the New Testament. 8. Roman 
 Coins relating to Britain, 8vo. 9. Spring Tide, 12mo. 10. 
 Tradesmen's London Tokens, 1648-72, 8vo and 4to. 11. 
 Remains of Pagan Saxondom, 1855, 4to. Other works. 
 
 Alabaster, Wm., D.D., flourished in the end of the 
 16th and beginning of the 17th century. He was born 
 in Suffolk, educated at Cambridge, and afterwards incor 
 porated of the University of Oxford. He attended Robert, 
 Earl of Essex, as chaplain in the Cadiz voyage, where he 
 became a Roman Catholic, and published Seven Motives 
 for his Conversion, answered by Racster, 1598, and by 
 Fenton, 1599 ; but it has been observed that he discovered 
 more for returning to the Church of England. He pub 
 
 lished Commentarius de certa Apocalyptica, London, 1621 ; 
 Lexicon Pentaglotton Hebraicum, Chaldaicum, Syriacuni, 
 Ac.. 1637; and several other works. Anthony Wood is 
 loud in his praises : 
 
 " He was the rarest poet and Grecian that any one age or nation 
 ever produced. He hath written Koxana, Tragedia. admirably 
 well acted more than once in Trin. Coll. Hall in Cambr., and was 
 soon after published, full of faults, contrary to the author's mind : 
 whereupon he took great pains to correct and amend it." Atheiice 
 Oxonienses. 
 
 Dr. Johnson commends Roxana "as a composition equal 
 to the Latin poetry of Milton; and Richard Herrick, the 
 poet, in his Hesperides, doth highly celebrate Alabaster 
 for his elaborate works. He died about 1640, and was 
 buried according to the discretion of his dear friend, Nich, 
 Bacon of Grey's Inn." 
 
 Alaino, R. A treatise on Astron. Instruments. 
 
 Alan De Lynn, flourished about 1420; was born at 
 Lynn, Norfolk. He applied himself to theology and 
 philosophy at Cambridge, where he took the degree of 
 doctor. He was a preacher of note, and left many works, 
 a list of which will be found in Tanner. Let it be recorded 
 to his credit, for all time, that he was a famous hand at 
 those invaluable literary charts indexes. May his ex 
 ample be ever honoured by laudable imitation ! 
 
 Alan, Allen, or Allyn, William, 1532-1594, car 
 dinal of the Church of Rome. His name occurs as one of 
 the translators of the New Testament, Rheims, 1582. He 
 was the author of a number of works, principally in de 
 fence of his church, of which he was so zealous an advo 
 cate that he used his influence to persuade Philip of Spain 
 to invade England. Indeed, he wrote two books to prove 
 the efficacy of the Bull of Sixtus V., by which he con 
 tended that the queen was accursed and deprived of her 
 crown, and her subjects no longer bound to allegiance. 
 Fuller says : 
 
 " Hear what different characters two authors of several per 
 suasions bestow upon him. ' He was somewhat above an ordi 
 nary man in stature, comely of countenance, composed in his gait, 
 affable in all meetings, and, for the gifts of his mind, pious, 
 learned, prudent, grave, and though of great authority, humble, 
 modest, meek, patient, peaceable ; in a word, beautiful and adorned 
 with all kinds of virtues.' Pits de Anglia Scriptoribus. p. 792. 
 Look first upon this picture ; then on this : ' He was the last of 
 our English cardinals in time, and first in wickedness ; deserving 
 not to be counted among Englishmen, who, as another Herostratus, 
 to achieve himself a name amongst the grandees of earth, endea 
 voured to fire the Church of England, the noblest (without envy 
 be it spoken) in the Christian world : so that his memory deserveth 
 to be buried in oblivion.' Godwin, in his Catalogue of Cardinals : 
 ' Let them say what they please, certain it is, he was an active 
 man, and of great parts and prudence.' " ANTHONY WOOD. 
 
 Aland, John Fortescue, first Baron Fortescue of 
 Credan, 1670-1746, descended from the famous Sir John 
 Fortescue, Chancellor of England in the reign of Henry VI. 
 A collection of reports taken by him, and called by his 
 name, was published in 1748. 
 
 " So highly were his literary attainments esteemed, and his 
 judicial merits appreciated, that the University of Oxford conferred 
 on him by diploma, in 1733, the degree of civil law." 
 
 Aland was a friend of that eminent Saxon scholar, Wil 
 liam Elstob ; and in the preface to his Book of Absolute and 
 Unlimited Monarchy, he gives an account of Elstob's pro 
 ject of compiling a very valuable edition of all the Saxon 
 laws, both in print and MSS. This design was cut short 
 by Elstob's death. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. 
 iv. pp. 117, 120. 
 
 Alane. On the authority of the Word of God, <fec. 
 
 Alanson, E. Sermons. Liverpool, 1723-34. 
 
 Alanson, E., surgical writer, London, 1771-82. 
 
 Alanus de Insulis, of the 12th century, called Doc 
 tor Universalis, is supposed to have been an Englishman, 
 as well from other circumstances as from the notice of Jo 
 seph of Exeter's poem on the Trojan war 
 
 " Illic pannoso plebescit carmine nosier 
 Ennius, et priami fortunas intonat." 
 
 In addition to the Anti-Claudianus, he was the author 
 of numerous works in prose and verse. See Histoire Lit- 
 teraire de France. His contemporary of the same name 
 (called " Senior," for distinction) was a native of Lille, in 
 Flanders. 
 
 Albericus de Vere, a canon of St. Osyth's, in Essex, 
 
 contemporary with Richard, wrote a life of St. Osyth. 
 
 Dugdale makes him the second son of the second Alberic 
 
 de Vere, Earl of Oxford, who died early in the reign of 
 
 : Stephen. A life of St. Osyth, printed in the collection of 
 
 j Surius, is supposed to be the work of Alberic; but its 
 
 brevity renders it more probable that it is a mere abridg- 
 
 ! ment of it. Bale and Pits also attribute to him a history 
 
 i of his monastery, (which Tanner supposes to have been 
 
ALB 
 
 only a part of the life of St. Osyth,) and a treatise on the 
 Eucharist. Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Albert, fictitious title of ARMSTRONG, REV. JOHN. 
 
 Albin, Eleazar, a drawer and painter in natural 
 history, and publisher of many works upon insects, birds, 
 and Fishes, London, 1720, <fcc. 
 
 Albin, J. History of the Isle of Wight, Newport, 1795. 
 
 Albine, or De Seres, John, author of a Notable 
 Discourse against Heresies, 1576, directed against Calvin 
 and his disciples, answered by Thomas Spark and Robert 
 Crowley. 
 
 A I his, Thomas De. See WHITE, THOMAS. 
 
 Albricius lived in the reigns of Kings John and 
 Henry III., according to Leland. Bale gives London as 
 the place of his birth, and states that he studied both at 
 Oxford and Cambridge. He was eminent as a physician 
 and philosopher, was a great scholar, and travelled in quest 
 of knowledge. 1. De Origine Deorum. 2. De Ratione 
 Veneni. 3. Virtutes Antiquorum. 4. Canones Speculativi. 
 A treatise, De Deorum Imaginibus, in the Mythographi 
 Latini, has the name of Albricius attached to it, but the re 
 ference may be to Albricius, Bishop of Utrecht, 8th century. 
 
 Albyn, B. Appeal to God and the King, Lon., 1697. 
 
 Albyne. Sermons for Benefit of Bath Hospital, 1786. 
 
 Alchorne, W. B., B.D. Funeral Sermon, Col. iii. 
 4, 1674. 
 
 Alcock, John, LL.D., died 1500, was successively 
 Bishop of Rochester, Worcester, and Ely. He was born 
 at Beverly, Yorkshire, educated at Cambridge. He wrote 
 several works : 1. Mons Perfectionis. 2. Abbatia Spiritus 
 Sancti. 3. Homilje Vulgares. 4. Meditationes Pise. 5. 
 Spousage of a Virgin to Christ, <fcc. In allusion to his 
 own name, he wrote a treatise entitled Galli Cantus ad 
 Confratres suos, decorated with prints of the bird. He 
 was an excellent architect, and comptroller of the royal 
 works and buildings under Henry VII. He was also 
 preferred Lord Chancellor of England by the same 
 monarch. 
 
 Alcock, Mrs. Mary, sister to R. Cumberland. 
 Poems, London, 1789. 
 
 Alcock, Nathan, M.D. The Rise of Mahomet ac 
 counted for on Natural and Civil Principles, Londi, 1796. 
 
 Alcock, T., pub. Sermons, Essays on Poor Laws, 
 Ac., 1756, <fcc. 
 
 Alcott, Amos Bronson, b. 1799, at Wolcott, Conn. 
 He devoted many years to the cause of education, and his 
 original views on the subject attracted considerable atten 
 tion in Europe and America. Conversations with Children 
 on the Gospels, Bost., 1836, 2 vols. 12mo. See Appleton's 
 New Amer. Cyc. 
 
 Alcott, J. Jesus, King of Saints, Ac., 1794. 
 
 Alcott, William A., M.D., born 1798 at Wolcott, 
 Connecticut. Distinguished author and public lecturer on 
 Physiology, Hygiene, and Practical Education. Has 
 written and edited upwards of 100 vols. on various sub 
 jects, of which the following are a part : House I live in ; 
 Young Man's Guide; Young Woman's Guide; Young 
 Mother; Young Husband; Young Wife; Young House 
 keeper; Lectures on the Ten Commandments; Lectures on 
 Life and Health; Vegetable Diet Defended; Water Cure; 
 Prize Essay on Tobacco; &c. &c. <fcc. Also has been 
 editor of and contributor to many moral and educational 
 journals. Many of Dr. Alcott's works have been very 
 popular. 
 
 Alcuin, 735-804. The last of the distinguished 
 Anglo-Saxons, whose name shed lustre on the empire of 
 the Frankish monarchs in the eighth century, was Alcuin. 
 There is only one early life of Alcuin, which is anonymous, 
 and was written in 829, by a person who obtained much 
 of his information from Sigulf, Alcuin's friend and dis 
 ciple : it is printed in the editions of Alcuin's works, in 
 the Acta SS. Ord. S. Bened. of Mabillon, in the collection 
 of Surius, and in the Acta Sanctorum of the Bollandists. 
 The richest source of information relating to his history 
 is his Epistles. Much has been written concerning Alcuin 
 in modern times ; a sketch of his life is given by Mabil 
 lon ; a more extensive life was composed in Latin by the 
 prince-Abbot Frobenius, and prefixed to his edition of 
 his works. More recently Alcuin's life has been published 
 by Dr. Frederick Lorenz, Professor of History at the Uni 
 versity of Halle, (1829,) translated into English by Jane 
 Mary Slee, (sm. 8vo, London, 1837.) Born at York about 
 the year 735, of a noble family, Alcuin was scarcely 
 weaned from his mother's breast when he was dedicated 
 to the church, and intrusted to the care of the inmates of 
 the monastery; and on reaching the proper age he was 
 placed in the school of Archbishop Egbert, then cele- 
 
 ALC 
 
 brated for the number of noble youths who crowded thither 
 to imbibe instruction from the lips of that prelate. Al 
 cuin was distinguished above his fellows by his applica 
 tion to the study of the sciences, which were taught by 
 Egbert's kinsman, Aelbert, who succeeded him in 766 in 
 the see of York, and in the management of the school. 
 Alcuin was Aelbert's favourite pupil ; when about twenty 
 years of age he was chosen to accompany him on a visit 
 to the Continent in search of books and of new discoveries 
 in science, and on that occasion he resided a short time at 
 Rome. In 781, Alcuin visited Parma, on his return from 
 Rome, and there met with Charlemagne, who had also 
 been at Rome. That monarch was then meditating the 
 foundation of scholastic institutions throughout his domi 
 nions, and being well informed of Alcuin's great reputa 
 tion for learning, if not already personally acquainted 
 with him, he invited him to settle in France, and to be 
 come his adviser and assistant in his projects of reform. 
 Alcuin readily complied with the king's desires ; but he 
 continued his journey home to fulfil his original commis 
 sion, and to obtain the consent of the Archbishop of York 
 and the King of Northumbria (Alfwold) to the proposed 
 arrangement. With the approbation of his spiritual and 
 temporal superiors, having chosen some of his own pupils 
 as companions, he returned to France in the year 782. 
 
 The position of Alcuin at the court of Charlemagne 
 during his first residence in France has been compared 
 and contrasted with that of Voltaire and other learned 
 foreigners, who were patronized by Frederick the Great. 
 Without holding any actual employment, he lived as the 
 friend and counsellor of the Frankish monarch, was the 
 companion of his private hours, which were spent in dis 
 cussing questions of theology and science, and acted as 
 the instructor of his children. After remaining about 
 eight years in France, he resolved to return to York. 
 Charlemagne begged him to come back speedily, and make 
 the court of France his lasting home ; a request to which 
 Alcuin was willing to consent, if he could make it consist 
 ent with his duties to his native country. "Although,," 
 he said, " I possess no small inheritance in my own coun 
 try, I will willingly resign it, and in poverty serve thee ; 
 let it be thy care to obtain the permission of my king and 
 my bishop." Alcuin came to England in the year 790, as 
 ambassador from Charlemagne to King Offa, to arrange 
 some misunderstanding which had arisen between these 
 two great monarchs. From 792 to 796 Alcuin continued 
 to reside at the court of Charlemagne, in the same relation 
 to his patron as before his visit to England. His position 
 was rendered agreeable, not only by the favour of the 
 royal family, but by the society of a circle of learned 
 friends ; yet his happiness was frequently interrupted by 
 grief at the troubles with which his native country was 
 visited. 
 
 Alcuin's letter to the monks who had escaped from the 
 massacre at Lindisfarne will serve as a specimen of his 
 epistolary style. We give some extracts : 
 
 " Beatissimi Patris sancti scilicet Cudbercti Episcopi optimis in 
 Christo filiis Hugibaldo Episcopo omni Congregation! Lindisfar- 
 iiensis Ecclesiae, Alchuinus Diaconus, coelesti in Christo benedic- 
 tione salutem. 
 
 "Vestrae vero caritatis familiaritas praesentem multum me 
 lastificare solebat : sed versa vice vestrae tribulationis calamitas, 
 licet absentem, multum me quotidie contristat. Quomodo pagani 
 contaminaverunt sanctuaria Dei, et fuderunt sanguinem sancto 
 rum in circuitu altaris. Vastaverunt domum spei nostrse, calca- 
 verunt corpora sanctorum in templo Dei quasi sterquilinium in 
 platea. Quid nobis dicendum est, nisi plangendum animo vobis- 
 cum ante altare Christi, et dicere : Parce Domine, parce populo 
 tuo, et ne des haereditatem gentibus, ne dicant pagani, ubi est 
 Deus Christianorum ? Quae est fiducia Ecclesiis Britannia?, si 
 Sanctus Cudberctus suam non defendit cum tanto sanctorum 
 numero? Aut hoc majoris initium est doloris, aut peccata habi- 
 tantium hoc exegerunt. Non enim quiddam casu contingit, sed 
 magni cuilibet ineriti judicium est. Sed modo, qui residui estis, 
 state viriliter. pugnate fortiter, defendite castra Dei. Mementote 
 Judam Machabeum, quia tempi um Dei purgavit, et populum 
 eruit, ut eliberavit extranea. Si quid corrigendum sit in moribus 
 mansuetudinis vestrae, citius corrigite. Patronos vestros ad vos 
 revocate, qui vos ad tempus dereliquerunt. Non defuit illis potes- 
 tas apud Dei clementiam; sed nescimus, cui tacuerunt. Nolite 
 gloriari in vanitate vestium; haec non est gloria sacerdotum et 
 servorum Dei, sed contumelia. Nolite in ebrietate verba oration um 
 vestrarium delere. Non exeatis post luxurias carnis et avaritias 
 seculi ; sed in servitio Dei et regularis vita? disciplina firmiter per- 
 manete, ut sanctissimi patres, qui vos genuerunt, vobis protec- 
 tores esse non cessent. . . . Et tu, Pater Sancte, Dux populi Del. 
 Pastor gregis sancti, medicus animarum, lucerna super candela 
 brum posita, esto forma in omni bonitate cunctis te videntibus. 
 Sit tuus comitatus honestis moribus, aliis exemplum ad vitam, 
 non ad perditionem. Sint tibi epulye, non in ebrietate, sed in so- 
 brietate. Sint vestiinenta tuo gradui condigna. Noli te confor- 
 mare seculi hominibus in vanitate aliqua. Inanis ornatus vestl- 
 mentorum, et cultus inutilis tibi est opprobrium ante homines, et 
 
ALC 
 
 ALC 
 
 peccatnm ante Deum. Melius est animam in perpetuum perma- 
 nentem bonis ornare moribus, quam corpus cito in pulvere pu- 
 trescens exquisitis comere vestibus. Yestiatur et satietur Chris- 
 tus in paupere, ut hsec faciens regnet cum Christo. Redemptio 
 viri proprias divitiae. Si aurum diligamus, preemittamus nobis in 
 coelum, ubi servabitur nobis, et quod amemus, habemus. Amemus 
 seterua, et non peritura. Veras diligamus divitias, et non caducas ; 
 sempiternas non transitorias. Paremus nobis laudem a Deo, et 
 non ab hominibus. Faciamus, quod fecerunt, sancti, quos lauda- 
 mus. Sequamur illorum vestigia in tenis, ut illorum glorias con- 
 sortes esse mereamur in coelis." 
 
 In 803, Alcuin's zeal in defending the privileges of the 
 church drew upon him the temporary displeasure of Charle 
 magne, and his grief on that occasion probably hastened 
 his death. He died at Tours, on Whitsunday, the 19th of 
 May, 804, and was buried with great pomp in the church 
 of St. Martin. An epitaph, written by himself in Latin 
 elegiacs, was placed on his tomb, and is preserved by his 
 ancient biographer. 
 
 The Epistles form the most interesting portion of Al 
 cuin's works, not only as being the principal source of in 
 formation relating to his character and life, but for the light 
 which they throw upon contemporary history. Though 
 his Latin is far from pure, these Epistles are in general 
 clear and dignified ; the latter characteristic sometimes de 
 generates into inflated pompousness. Next in importance 
 to the Epistles, are his Poems, which are extremely varied 
 in character, consisting of a long piece in hexameters on 
 the bishops and saints of the church of York, an elegy on 
 the destruction of Lindisfarne by the Danes, and a con 
 siderable number of epigrams, epitaphs, and aenigmata. 
 The best of these poems in point of composition, and that 
 which has been most frequently quoted, is the Elegy on 
 the Destruction of Lindisfarne. Latin poetry did not flou 
 rish in the age of Alcuin, and it is not much in favour of 
 this piece to say that it is superior to most of the poems 
 of the time. The following reflections on the uncertainty 
 of human happiness, are perhaps the most striking pas 
 sage it contains : 
 
 " Postquam primus homo Paradisi liquerat hortos, 
 
 Et miseras terrae miser adibat opes : 
 Exilioque gravi pcenas cum prole luebat, 
 
 Perfidiae quoniam furta maligna gerit : 
 Per varies casus mortalis vita cucurrit, 
 
 Diversoque dies omnis habetat homo : 
 Fatali cursu nriscentur tristia laatis; 
 
 Nulli firma fuit regula laetitias. 
 Nemo dies cunctos felices semper habebit, 
 
 Nemo sibi semper gaudia certa tenet. 
 Nil manet aeternum celso sub cardine coali, 
 
 Omnia vertuntur temporibus variis. 
 Una dies ridet, casus eras altera planget, 
 
 Nil flxum faciet tessera laeta tibi. 
 Prospera conturbat sors tristibus impia semper, 
 
 Alternis vicibus ut redit unda maris. 
 Nunc micat alma dies, veuiet nox atra tenebris, 
 
 Ver floret gemmis, hiems ferit hocque decus. 
 Sidereum stellis culmen depingitur almis, 
 
 Quas nubes rapuint imbriferse subito. 
 Et sol ipse die media subducitur ardens, 
 
 Cum tonat undosi auster de vertice poli. (sic.) 
 Saepius excelsos feriunt ut fulgura moutes, 
 
 Summaque silvarum ilumnia ferire solet; 
 Sic major magnis subito saepissime rebus 
 
 Eveniet casu forte ruina malo." 
 
 The theological writings of Alcuin are generally divided 
 into three classes : his Commentaries on the Scriptures, 
 which are characterized by the same partiality for typical 
 interpretations as characterizes those of Bede, his Dog 
 matic Treatises, and his Liturgic Works, (Opera Liturgica.) 
 The Commentaries consist of the Questions and Answers on 
 the Book of Genesis, which were translated into Anglo- 
 Saxon, the Comments on the Penitential Psalms, on the 
 Song of Solomon, and on the Book of Ecclesiastes, the 
 Interpretationes Nominum Hebraicorum, and the Com 
 mentaries on St. John, and on the three Epistles of St. 
 Paul. His principal Dogmatic writings are the treatises 
 de Fide Trinitatis and De Processione Spiritus Sancti, and 
 his books against Felix and Elipandus. Under the head 
 of Opera Liturgica are classed the Liber Sacramentorum, 
 the treatise De Psalmorum Usu, the Officia per Ferias, and 
 the tracts De Virtutibus et Vitiis and De Animse Ratione. 
 To these works are joined four lives of Saints, three com 
 piled by Alcuin, those of St. Martin of Tours, of St. 
 Richarius, and of his countryman Wilbrord, (the latter in 
 prose and in verse,) and one, that of St. Vedastus, com 
 posed by an older writer, but corrected and edited by bfato- 
 self. The tracts which Alcuin compiled for the purposes 
 of instruction are few, and are not remarkable for their 
 manner or the information they contain ; they consist of 
 four treatises, De Grarnmatica, De Orthographia, De Rhe- 
 torica et Virtutibus, and De Dialectica, with several brief 
 tracts, some of which are of doubtful authenticity. The 
 tt 
 
 last editor of the works of Alcuin has given a collection 
 of pieces either doubtful or decidedly supposititious, among 
 which the only one of any importance is the Confessio 
 Fidei, which has been believed by many scholars and theo 
 logians to be a genuine work of the preceptor of Charle 
 magne. There can be no doubt that some of the writings 
 of Alcuin are lost : among these the most important must 
 have been the Biography of Charlemagne, attributed to 
 him on the authority of an expression of Eginhard ; though 
 it is somewhat doubtful whether such a work ever existed. 
 
 Many of the writings of Alcuin were published sepa 
 rately, or in collections, during the 16th century. His 
 works were first printed collectively, but very imperfectly, 
 by Andre Duchesne (under the Latinized name of Andreas 
 Quercetanus) in 1617. A far more complete edition was 
 published in 1777, by Frobenius, Prince-Abbot of St. Em- 
 meram at Ratisbon. But this also might be rendered much 
 more perfect by a collection of the manuscripts preserved 
 in our English libraries. Many of the separate editions of 
 the writings of Alcuin are extremely rare. It is probable 
 that some of them have entirely escaped our researches. 
 Of others we can only speak from the indications of biblio 
 graphers. Some of the letters have been printed singly in 
 books, which, it was not considered necessary to point out. 
 It may be observed that the manuscripts in England con 
 tain several inedited letters. 
 
 EDITIONS OF ALCUIN. Alcuinus de Fide Trinitatis, in the Homi- 
 liarum, Basilia> per Nicolaum Kessler, anno MCCCCXCVIII. No 
 nas Augusti. Reprinted in other Homiliaria of the 16th century. 
 Alcuinus de Fide Trinitatis. Impressum est praesens Opusculum 
 in Uttinpurrha Monasterio SS. MM. Alexaudri et Theodori, Ord. 
 S. Ben. Anno MDIX. Cal. Sept. This was the first production of 
 the printing-office established in the monastery of Ottoburg by 
 Abbot Leonard. Albini Diaconi Anglic! in D. Joannis Evangelion 
 commentariorum libri septem, Christiana fruge refertissimi. Ar- 
 gentorati, Anno MDXXYII. Svo. D. Albini Caroli illius Magni 
 olim pra-ceptoris, in Genesiin Qua^stiones, a Menardo Molthero 
 restitutae. Haganoas per lo. Sec., Anno MDXXIX. Svo. Alcuini 
 Dialectica and the Dialogus de Khetorica, edited together by Me- 
 nardus Moltherus, Svo, Hagenoae, 1529. Alcuinus de Fide Trini 
 tatis, Svo, Argentorati, 1530. Albini Theologorum suaetatis doctis- 
 simi, in Ecclesiasten Commentaria. Basilre, ex offlcina Bebeliana, 
 MDXXXI. Svo. Frobenius states it as doubtful if this edition 
 were printed at Basil or Strasburg. It is dedicated to John Long- 
 land, Bishop of Lincoln. Albiui in Septem Psalmos Poenitentiales 
 et cxviii. Psalmum, et in Cantica Graduum, Expositio. Paris, ap. 
 Nicolaum Divitem, 1547, Svo. MiKpoirpeafivTinov, Basil, 1550, p. 
 445. The Questiones in Genesin. The Quaestiones in Genesin, and 
 the Expositio in Psalmos Poenitentiales, were printed in the collec 
 tion of the Orthodoxographi, fol. Basil, 1555. Alcuini Liber Sacra 
 mentorum, was printed in Jacobi Pamelii Opera Liturgica, Colon., 
 1561, 1571, and 1609. Alcuini Institutions Rhetoricse, per Mat. 
 Gallenum, 4to, Duaci, 1564. Commentarius in Psalmos Poeniten 
 tiales, Svo, Paris, 1568. De Yirtutibus et Yitiis, in the Bibl. Pat- 
 rum, Paris, 1575. Homeliae, Col., 1576. The Quarstiones in Gene- 
 sin, inserted in the Bibliotheca Patrum, fol. Paris, 1579, torn. ix. 
 Commentaria in Ecclesiasten, cum Epistola de Baptismi Caeremo- 
 niis, Svo, Paris, 1589. De Sanctissima Trinitate Libellus; Admo- 
 dum reverend! patris F. R. Alcuini Albini Abbatis quondam S. 
 Martini Turonensis : ad serenissimum ac potentissimum regem ac 
 imperatorem A ugustum Carolum Magnum. Repertus primum et 
 descriptus e vetusto codice in celeberrimo virorum divino cultui 
 mancipatorum ccenobio Augiae Divitis nuncupate, acnuncdemum 
 industria Nicolai Kalttypisdivulgatus, Constantife,1596. Antiqui 
 Rhetores Latin!. Ex bibliotheca Francisci Pithoei 1C. 4to, Paris, 
 1599, pp. 359-382. Alcuini sive Albini de Ar'te Rhetorica Dialogus. 
 Some of his epistles were printed at Ingolstadt, 4to, 1601. Cani- 
 sius, Lectiones Antiquae. fol. 1601. Ed. Basnage, fol. Antverpiaa, 
 torn. ii. p. 376. Supplementuin ad Alcuini librum de Virtut. et 
 Vitiis, pp. 379-456. Alcuin's Epistles, from a MS. at St. Gallen, 
 pp. 457-471. his homily on Wilbrord, and the metrical life of that 
 Saint, pp. 488-505. Alcuini Dialectica, pp. 506-538. Alcuini Gram- 
 matica, 539-548. Epistola de Canticorum Loco, and the treatise 
 De Caeremoniis Baptismi attributed to him. Thesaurus Homiliarum 
 seu Concionum, ex probatissimorum patrum, et SS. Ecclesiae Ca- 
 tholicae tarn Graecorum quam Latinorum Doctorum monumentis, 
 ab Alcuino Flacco, jussu Caroli Magni primum acri judicio erectus, 
 commodoque ordine pro ratione temporis in totius anni Evangelia 
 distributus. Tandem vero pro meliori usu, religi osissimi et doc- 
 tissimi F. Laurentii Surii Carthusian! opera, in totius anni Episto- 
 las concionibus exegeticis ex eisdem antiquissimorum Patrum 
 adytis petitis plurimum auctus, ab innumerisque mendis vindiea- 
 tus, fol. Col. Agrip., 1604. The homilies of Alcuin only form the 
 foundation of this work. Dialectica Alcuini. 4to, Ingolstadt. 1004. 
 Grammaticac Latinae Auctores Antiqui. Opera et Studio Ileliae 
 Putschii, 4to, Hanov., 1605, coll. 2075-2142. Flacci Alcuini. Caroli 
 Magni Imp. Magistri, Grammatica. Opera, collected and edited by 
 Andre Duchesne, fol. Paris, 1617. Alcuiui Dialectica, cura Met. 
 Weiss, Salisburgi, 1629. Historiae Francorum Scriptores. Opera 
 ac Studio Andrese du Chesne Geographi Regis, fol. Lut., Paris, 
 1636, Tomus ii. pp. 668-690. Twenty-eight letters of Alcuin, pp. 
 690-693. four Epitaphs, and his Versus ad Carolum Imperatorem. 
 Compendium in Canticum Canticorum, ex edit. Patr. Junii, Lon 
 don, 1638. D'Achery, Spicilegium sive Collectio veterum aliquot 
 Scriptorum, 4to, 1654, torn. vi. pp. 391 and 396, three letters of Al 
 cuin, torn, ix.p.lll, preface to the Exposition of the Psalms. Nova 
 editio, fol. Paris, 1723, torn. iii. 321, 322, 323, the letters and preface 
 to the Psalms. Confessio, seu Doctrina de Deo. edited by Chifflet, 
 4to, 1656. Acta Sanctorum, etc., 1658. The Life of St. Vedastus. 
 Acta Sanctorum Ordinis S. Benedict!, Saec. ii. fol. Lut. Par., 1669, 
 
ALD 
 
 pp. 187-197. The life of St. Richarius, Saec. iii. pars prima, fol. Lut., 
 Paris, 1672, pp. 601-629. The two lives of Wilbrord, Sxc. iii. pars 
 secunda, fol. Lut. Par., 1672, pp. 558-569. A large portion of the 
 poem on the Bishop of York, given as anonymous. Mabillon, Vetera 
 Analecta, 8vo, Paris, 1675-85, torn. i. p. 369. Versus de Cuculo, torn, 
 iv. pp. 272-312. Twenty-six letters of Alcuin previously inedited, p. 
 522. Alcuini versus de Aquila Episcopo Saltzburg. Nov. Ed. fol. 
 Paris, 1723, pp. 398-408. The twenty-six Epistles, p. 409. Alcuini 
 versus de Cuculo, p. 348. The verses on Aquila (Arno.) Historiae 
 Britannicae, Saxonicae, Anglo-Danicte, Scriptores xv. Opera Th. Gale, 
 vol. j. fol. Oxon., 1691, pp. 703-732. The poem De Pontificibus et 
 Sanctis Ecclesiae Eboracensis. Pezius, Thesaurus Anecdotorum No- 
 vissitnus, fol. Augustse Vindelicorum, 1721, torn. ii. pars. 1. col. 1-10. 
 Alcuini Opusculum de Comparatione Novi et Veteris Testamenti, 
 and seven Epistles to Arno. Recueil des Ilistoriens des Gaules et 
 de la France. Tome Cinquieme, Par Dom Marten Bouquet, fol. 
 Paris, 1744, pp. 604-620. Twenty-five Epistles of Alcuin. Beati 
 Flacci Albini seu Alcvini Abbatis, Caroli Magni Regis ac Imperatoris 
 Magistri, Opera. Post primam editionem. a viro clarissimo D. An 
 drea Quercetano curatam, de novo collecta, multis locis emendato, 
 et opusculis primum repertis plurimum aucta, variisque modis 
 illustrata. Cura ac Studio Frobenii, S. R. I. Principis et Abbatis 
 ad S. Emmeramum Ratisbonae. Tomi duo in quatuor volumini- 
 bus, fol. Ratisbon, 1777. Abbreviated from Wright's Sing. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Alday, J. Trans, of Theatrum Mundi, Ac., Lon., 1754. 
 
 Aldeu, Joseph, D.D., LL.D., b. 1807, in Green county, 
 N.Y.; grad. at Union College, N.Y., 1828; received the 
 degree of D.D. from the same institution, 1838, and that 
 of LL.D. from Columbia College, N.Y., 1857. He pur 
 sued his theological studies at Princeton, N. J. ; was for 
 two years a tutor in Nassau Hall ; was for many years Pro 
 fessor of Rhetoric in Williams Coll., Mass.; Prof, of Moral 
 Philosophy in Lafayette Coll., Pa. In Jan. 1857, he became 
 President of Jefferson Coll., Pa. Dr. Alden has confined 
 his efforts as a writer chiefly to the department of Sunday- 
 school literature. Among his numerous works for the young 
 may be mentioned The Example of Washington, The 
 Patriot's Fireside, Religion in Fashionable Life, &c. At 
 one time editor of the New York Observer, and has been a 
 large contributor to its columns. He is engaged [1858] in 
 the preparation of a text-book on Intellectual Philosophy. 
 
 Alden, Rev. Timothy, 1771-1839. Collection of 
 American Epitaphs, 5 vols. 18mo, N. York, 1814. 
 
 Alden, T. J.F. Index to the Reports of the Decisions 
 of the Supreme Ct. of the U. States, from Dallas to 14th 
 Howard, inclusive, 3 vols. 8vo, Phila., 1854. 
 
 Alder, Robert, Wesleyan Missions, London, 1842. 
 
 Alder, Thomas. Medical Treatises, London, 1804-05. 
 
 Aldersey, S. Voyage to Alexandria and Cairo, 1586. 
 
 Alderson, J., M. D. Besides writing professional 
 treatises, Dr. A. published several upon Agriculture and 
 Geology, 1788, Ac. 
 
 Aldhelm. We shall meet with more than one great 
 scholar formed by the teaching of Theodore and Adrian. 
 The most celebrated of these was Aldhelm, a scion of the 
 illustrious family of the West-Saxon kings. Aldhelm was 
 born in Wessex; but the date of his birth is uncertain, 
 although it maybe placed with sufficient probability about 
 the year 656. Aldhelm was not a voluminous writer. The 
 works which alone have given celebrity to his name are 
 his two treatises on Virginity and his ^Enigmata. The 
 prose treatise De Laude Virginitatis continued to be a fa 
 vourite book with our Anglo-Saxon forefathers up to the 
 time of the Norman Conquest, and numerous early manu 
 scripts of it are still preserved. Aldhelm's Latin compo 
 sitions have been frequently cited as an example of the 
 false style of the early Anglo-Latin writers. Even as far 
 back as the 12th century, William of Malmsbury felt him 
 self obliged to offer an apology for him, grounded on the 
 taste of the age in which he lived. His writings are on 
 the one hand filled with Latinized Greek words, and with 
 awkward expressions that render them obscure ; while on 
 the other they abound in the alliterations and metaphorical 
 language which characterized his native tongue. Aldhelm's 
 prose is much less pleasing than his verse, because it is far 
 less harmonious. 
 
 Aldington, Maj. Military treatises, Lon., 1804. 
 
 Aldington, J. Poem on Shooting, 1767. 
 
 Aldini, John. 1. An Account of the Late Improve 
 ments in Galvanism, &c., Lon., 1803, 4to, with plates. 2. 
 Application of Galvanism to Medical Purposes, 1819. 
 
 Aldred, died about 1069, an Anglo-Saxon prelate. 
 Tanner gives him credit, perhaps without much probability, 
 for two works : 1. Pro Edgaro Rege contra Tyrannidem 
 Normannorum, lib. i. 2. Epistolas ad Exiles, lib. i. 
 
 Aldred, Jer. Sermon on Psalm xviii. 48, 49, 1716. 
 
 Aldrich, C. Sermon after the Plague, Ex. xxxiii. 19. 
 
 Aldrich, Henry, D. D., 1647-1710, of Christ Church, 
 Oxford. He was eminent as a controversialist, (in oppo 
 sition to Popery,) as an architect, and as a musician. Hit 
 principal works were, 1. Reply to Two Discourses concern- 
 
 ALE 
 
 ing the Adoration of our B. Saviour in the Holy Eucharist, 
 Oxford, 1687-88. 2. Artis Logicae Compendium, Oxford, 
 1692, 1696, 1704, 1750. 3. Elementa Architecture Civilis ad 
 Vitruvii Veterumque Disciplinam et recentiorum praeser- 
 tim ad Paladii exenipta probatiora concinnata, Oxf., 1789. 
 In his first character as a disputant Burnet places 
 him among the more distinguished divines " who managed 
 and directed this controversial war." 
 
 Aldrich, James, 1810-1856, an American poet and 
 journalist, b. near the Hudson, in the county of Suffolk. 
 He received his education partly in Orange county, and 
 partly in the city of New York, where, early in life, he re 
 linquished the occupation of a merchant and devoted his 
 attention entirely to literature. Edited two or three popular 
 periodicals. See specimens of his poetry in Griswold's Poets 
 and Poetry of America. In the words of his physician, Dr. 
 Kissam, 
 
 " He not only wrote poetry, but lived the life of a true poet." 
 
 Aldrich, or Aldridge, Robert, died 1555-1556, 
 was Bishop of Carlisle in the reigns of Henry VIIL, Ed 
 ward VI., and Mary. He was a friend of Leland's, and 
 corresponded with Erasmus. 1. Epistola ad Gulielmum 
 Hormanum. 2. Epigrammata varia. 3. Several Resolu 
 tions concerning the Sacraments. 4. Answers to certain 
 Queries concerning the abuses of the Mass. Biog. Brit. 
 
 Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, b. 1836, Portsmouth, 
 N.H., Asst. Ed. Home Journal, N. York, a poet of much 
 promise. 1. Miscellaneous Poems, 12mo. 2. The Course 
 of True Love never did run Smooth, 1858, N. York, 12mo. 
 
 " This piquant little volume, by the author of ' Babie Bell,' tells 
 of the haps and mishaps of two Eastern lovers whom a whimsical 
 old caliph endeavors to keep apart, and illustrates, in most deli 
 cious verse, the truth of Shakspeare's line, 
 
 ' The course of true love never did run smooth.' " 
 
 Aldridge. See ALLDRIDGE, W. T. 
 
 Aldridge, W. Doct. of the Trinity, on John v. 5, 1777. 
 
 Aldridge, W., and Holdsworth, W. Natural Short 
 Hand, London, 1769. 
 
 Alen, or Allen, Edmond, died about 1559, was a 
 native of Norfolk. Strype praises him as a great proficient 
 in Greek and Latin, an eminent Protestant divine, and a 
 learned minister of the gospel. He wrote a number of 
 theological works, and translated some into English. 
 
 Ales, or Alesius, Alexander, 1500-1565, born at 
 Edinburgh, a divine of the Confession of Augsburg. 
 Patrick Hamilton, the first Scotch martyr, was the means 
 of his conversion to the doctrines of the Reformation. He 
 wrote a number of theological works, and translated Ed 
 ward VI.'s first Liturgy for the benefit of Bucer. 
 
 Ales. See ALEXANDER DE HALES. 
 
 Alexander, Archibald, D.D., 1772-1851, was a na 
 tive of Rockbridge county, Virginia. He was educated at 
 Hampden Sydney College, and studied theology with Rev. 
 Mr. Graham. He was licensed to preach October 1, 1791, 
 ordained by the Presbytery of Hanover, June 9, 1794, and 
 for some years was a pastor in Charlotte and Prince Ed 
 ward. He was chosen President of Hampden Sydney 
 College in 1796, pastor of the 3d Presbyterian Church in 
 Philadelphia in 1807, and first Professor of Didactic and 
 Polemic Theology of the Princeton (New Jersey) Theolo 
 gical Seminary on its establishment in 1812, which office 
 he retained until his death in 1851. Dr. Alexander's cha 
 racter was most exemplary in all the relations of life. His 
 principal works are, Evidences of Revealed Religion ; On 
 the Canon of Scripture ; Christian Experience ; History of 
 African Colonization ; History of the Israelites ; Annals of 
 the Jewish Nation ; Advice to a Young Christian ; Bible Dic 
 tionary ; Counsels from the Aged to the Young ; Thoughts 
 on Religious Experience; History of the Log College. 
 
 " Professor Alexander published his very useful volume on the 
 Canon of Scripture, as a supplement to a treatise on the Evidences 
 of the Christian Religion, which has been very favourably received 
 in North America. This treatise on the Canon is avowedly com 
 piled from the previous labours of the most eminent critics, espe 
 cially Bishop Cosin's Scholastic History of the Canon of the Old 
 Testament, and the ample collections of the impartial and indefa 
 tigable Dr. Lardner, and the learned Jeremiah Jones. The first 
 part of Dr. Alexander's treatise discusses the Canon of the Old 
 Testament; in the second part are considered the Canon of the 
 New Testament, and the reasons for which the Apocryphal books 
 are deservedly rejected from the Sacred Canon. To divines and 
 students (especially in North America) who may not have access 
 to numerous and more costly works, this treatise is a very useful 
 and acceptable present." Home's Introduction. 
 
 This work was published, Princeton, 1826, 12mo, Lon 
 don, 1828, 12mo. A new ed. was published, Lond., 1833, 
 12mo, with introductory remarks by John Morison, D.D. 
 " A useful Treatise on the Canon." BICKERSTETH. 
 " Morison's preface is well worthy of a perusal. . . . The ' Evi 
 dences of Christianity' is a masterly performance." LOWNDES. 
 
 47 
 
ALE 
 
 ALE 
 
 After Dr. Alexander's decease, there was pub. from his 
 MS. a work entitled Outlines of Moral Science, 1852. 
 
 " Though not aspiring to the dignity of a treatise, it forms a most 
 compact and convenient text-book. . . . The author has had a clear 
 perception of the limits of his subject, and has not aimed at making 
 it a manual of - the whole duty of man.' ... It is a calm, clear stream 
 of abstract reasoning, flowing from a thoughtful, well-instructed 
 mind, without any parade of logic, but with an intuitive simplicity 
 and directness which gives an almost axiomatic force. From this 
 characteristic we could almost have conjectured what is stated in 
 the preface, that the study of ethical philosophy was the author's 
 fovourite pursuit for at least threescore years, and that for forty 
 years it formed a branch of academic instruction in connection with 
 his theological course." Westm. Rev., Jan. 1853. 
 
 Alexander, B., M.D., d. 1768, trans. Morgagni's Seats 
 and Causes of Diseases inves. by Anatomy, Lon., 1769. 
 
 Alexander, Caleb, D.D., of Mass., U.S. of America, 
 d. 1828. 1. Essay on the Deity of Jesus Christ, Ac., 1796. 
 2. Latin Grammar, 1794; and an English Grammar. 
 
 Alexander, D. Con. to Annals of Med., vi. p. 303, 1801. 
 
 Alexander, D., M.D. Treatise on Croup, Hudd., 1794. 
 
 Alexander, D. T. A Call to the Jews, Lon. 
 
 Alexander De Hales, d. 1245, a celebrated English 
 theologian, was called by his contemporaries the Irrefragable 
 Doctor and the Fountain of Life. So highly was he esteemed 
 by Pope Innocent that he ordered him to compile the Summa 
 Theologica. He also wrote some commentaries on the Scrip 
 tures. The comments, were printed at Venice, 1496, 1575; 
 Leipsic, 1594; Cologne, 1621. The Summa, at Venice, 1475, 
 '96,1576; Nuremb., 1481-82; Paris, 1489; Basel, 1502, Ac. 
 
 Alexander, E. Con. to Med. Com., xv. p. 373, 1790. 
 
 Alexander Essebiensis, an English poet and theo 
 logian, flourished about 1220. He wrote a Chronicle of Eng 
 land ; A Medical Compendium of Bible History; A Life of 
 St. Agnes, Ac. See Bale ; Tanner's Bibliotheca. 
 
 Alexander, J. God's Covenant Displayed, Lon., 1684. 
 
 Alexander, J. Theological works, Lon., 1680, 1727. 
 
 Alexander, J. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1740. 
 
 Alexander, J. Dissert, on Quick Lime, Glasg., 1760. 
 
 Alexander, J. Essays, Lon., 1768. 
 
 Alexander, J. Con. to Med. Com., iii. p. 186, 1775. 
 
 Alexander, J. Eau de Luce, Ac.; Med. Com., xiv. p. 
 297, 1789. 
 
 Alexander, Sir J. E. (Captain.) This celebrated 
 traveller has given us his adventures and observations in 
 fourteen volumes, pub. 1827-38. 1. Travels from India to 
 England, 1825-26, Lon., 1827. 
 
 " Containing many lively and interesting descriptions, more par 
 ticularly of scenes in Burmah." Quar. Rev. 
 
 2. An Expedition of Discovery into the Interior of Africa, 
 Ac., Lon., 1838. 
 
 " In this narrative we find Captain Alexander, as hitherto, lively 
 and entertaining." Lit. Gaz. 
 
 3. Life of the Duke of Wellington, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " It condenses within popular limits the dry military details." 
 London Globe. 
 
 Alexander, James Waddell, D.D., b. 1804, Louisa 
 county, Va., eldest son of Dr. Archibald Alexander, suc 
 cessively Prof, at Princeton in College and Theol. Sem., 
 Pastor in Charlottesville, Va., Trenton, N. J.. and Fifth Ave. 
 Presb. Church, N. York. 
 
 " He is highly appreciated as an author; and his works have a 
 practical utility which renders them highly popular. 
 
 1. Gift to the Afflicted. 2. A Geography of the Bible, Phila., 
 1830, 12mo, compiled by J. W. and J. A. Alexander. 3. 
 The American Mechanic and Workingman's Companion, 
 N. York and Phila., 2 vols. 
 
 "We can but touch upon these excellent little volumes; for the 
 variety which they contain forbids all hope of giving a just idea of 
 their contents without numerous extracts. We hope their circu 
 lation will widen until better books of the same kind are written, 
 which is allowing them a long lease of public favour." Lit. World. 
 
 4. Thoughts on Family Worship, 12mo. 5. Consolation ; 
 or, Discourses to the Suffering Children of God, N. York, 
 8vo. 6. Memoir of Rev. Archibald Alexander, N. York, 8vo. 
 7. Plain Words to a Young Communicant, 12mo ; also in 
 Welsh. He has written more than thirty juvenile works for 
 the Amer. Sunday-school Union, of which the best-known 
 are : Infant Library, Only Son, Scripture Guide, Frank 
 Harper, Carl The Young Emigrant, Ac. 8. The American 
 Sunday-School and its Adjuncts, Phila,, 1856 : a valuable 
 book to all interested in Sunday-schools. Contributed to 
 Princeton Rev. since its commencement in 1825. 
 
 Alexander, John, 1736-1765, an Irish Unitarian mi 
 nister. 1. A Paraphrase upon the 15th Chapter 1 Corinth. : 
 see Monthly Rev., 0. S., vol. xxxiv. 443-451. 2. Com 
 mentary on the 6th, 7th, and 8th Chapters of Romans; and 
 a Serm. on Eccles. ix. 10, composed the day preceding his 
 death, Lon., 1766. 
 
 " This work contains a few good critical remarks ; but the theo 
 logical creed of the writer occupies a most prominent place through 
 out. The denial of the doctrine of the atonement, of a state of hap 
 
 piness of departed spirits, and of the resurrection of the same body, 
 (it will perhaps surprise the reader,) is founded on the loth chapter 
 of the 1st Epistle to the Corinthians. None of these important truths, 
 however, could Mr. Alexander find here." ORME. 
 
 Alexander, John Henry, b. 1812, at Annapolis, Md. 
 1. Treatise on Mathematical Instruments used in Survey 
 ing, Levelling, and Astronomy, by F. W. Simms ; edited, 
 with Copious Additions, Bait., 1835, 8vo ; 1839, 8vo; 1848, 
 8vo. 2. Treat, on Levelling, by F. W. Simms ; with large 
 Additions, Bait., 1838, Svo. 3. Contrib. to a History of the 
 Metallurgy of Iron : Pt. 1, Bait., 1840, Svo, pp. xxiv., 264, 
 plates. 4. Contributions, Ac. : Pt. 2, Bait, 1842, Svo. 5. 
 Intro'its ; or, Ante-Communion Psalms for the Sundays and 
 Holy-Days throughout the Year, Phila., 1844, 12mo. 6. Re 
 port on Standards of Weights and Measures for the State of 
 Maryland, 1846, Svo, pp. iv., 213. 7. Universal Dictionary 
 of Weights and Measures, Ancient and Modern, Bait., 1850, 
 r. Svo, pp. viii., 158. 8. Catena Dominica, Phila., 12mo. 9. 
 Reports on the New Map of Maryland; annual from 1838 
 to 1840, Annapolis Public Printer. Various papers, to be 
 found in the scientific journals of America, England, France, 
 and Germany. 
 
 Alexander, Joseph Addison, D.D., b. 1809, Phila 
 delphia, third son of Dr. Archibald Alexander, (q. v.,) grad. 
 at Coll. of N. J., Princeton, 1826 ; was appointed Adjunct 
 Prof, of Ancient Languages and Literature in his alma 
 mater, 1830, which office he resigned in 1833 ; elected Prof, 
 of Biblical Criticism and Ecclesiastical History 1838, and 
 in 1852 he was transferred to the Chair of Biblical and 
 Ecclesiastical History. 1. The Earlier Prophecies of Isaiah, 
 N. York, 1846, Svo. 2. The Later Prophecies of Isaiah, N. 
 York, 1847, Svo. The two reprinted in 1 vol., 968 pp., by 
 Collins, of Glasgow, with an Introduction by the Rev. John 
 Eadie, LL.D., Prof, of Biblical Literature to the United 
 Presbyterian Church. 
 
 " Truly such a theologian as Professor Alexander is a credit to 
 his country and a blessing to the age. His introduction alone to 
 his commentary on Isaiah is a contribution of surpassing value. 
 It evinces a vast range of acquaintance with the early and modern 
 schools of interpretation." Evangelical Mag. 
 
 " We reckon it among the best commentaries on Isaiah of any 
 age or language." DR. EADIE. 
 
 3. The Psalms Translated and Explained, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 N. York, 1850. Of this work 10,000 volumes were sold in 
 less than four years. 
 
 " Dr. Alexander's recentty-published work on the Psalms is well 
 known in the literary M'orld. It is a splendid exegetical work, and 
 places its author at once in the highest rank of this department of 
 1 iterature." Knickerbocker. 
 
 4. Isaiah Translated and Explained, [An abridgment of 
 Nos. 1 and 2,] 2 vols. 12mo, N. York, 1851. 
 
 5. Essays on the Primitive Church Offices, [reprinted 
 from the Princeton Reriew,] N. York, 1851. 
 
 Dr. A., in connexion with Dr. Hodge, is preparing a 
 Commentary on the New Testament, several vols. of which 
 have been published. 
 
 Alexander, L. Jewish Poor in London, Ac., 1802. 
 
 Alexander Le Partiger, an English ecclesiastic of 
 the thirteenth century. See Tanner for a list of his works. 
 
 Alexander Neckam. See NECKAM. 
 
 Alexander, Stephen, LL.D., b. 1806, at Schenectady, 
 N.Y., grad. at Union Coll. 1824, and matriculated at the 
 Theol. Sem. at Princeton, 1832; was elected Adjunct Prof, 
 of Mathematics in the same institution, 1834, which position 
 he filled until 1840, when the Professorship of Astronomy 
 was created and assigned to him. In 1845, he succeeded 
 to the Chair of Mathematics, which he exchanged, in 1854, 
 for the Professorship of Mechanics and Astronomy. He 
 occupies a deservedly high position as an astronomer. 
 Among his papers which attracted the most attention is 
 one on the Physical Phenomena attendant upon Solar 
 Eclipses, read before the Amer. Phil. Soc. at their centen- 
 nary meeting, 1843, and pub. in their proceedings. Funda 
 mental Principles of Mathematics, in Amer. Jour. Sci., 
 1849. On the Origin of the Forms and the Present Con 
 dition of some of the Clusters of Stars and several of the 
 Nebulae, pub. Amer. Ast. Jour. This valuable paper has 
 attracted the notice of the leading astronomers of the world. 
 He has contributed other important papers to many of the 
 principal scientific journals. SeeAppleton's New Amer. Cyc. 
 
 Alexander, Thomas S. Practice of the Court of 
 Chancery and County Courts as Courts of Equity, in Mary 
 land, Bait,, Svo, 1839. 
 
 Alexander, W. L, 1. The Connection and Harmony 
 of the Old and New Testaments, Lon., 1841. 2. High 
 Catholicism not Apostolical, Edin., 1843. 3. Switzerland 
 and the Swiss Churches, Glasg., 1846. 4. Life and Corre 
 spondence of Dr. Wardlaw; 2d ed., p. Svo. 
 
 Alexander, Wm. Medulla Historia Scotise, Ac. 
 
 Alexander, Wm., draftsman to Ea rl Macartney during 
 
ALE 
 
 ALF 
 
 the embassy to China, afterwards in the print-department 
 of the Brit. Museum. 3. Sketches from Nature made in China, 
 Lon., 1797. 4. The Costume of China, pub. in numbers. 
 
 Alexander, Win. Hist. Cat. II. Scriptures, Lon., 1815. 
 
 Alexander, Wm. Conduct of Maj.-Gen. Shirley, Ac. 
 
 Alexander, W., "of the University of Pennsylvania." 
 Poetical Works, including Christian Dramas, and Minor 
 Poems, with Dissertation on Poetry, and a Sketch of his 
 Life, Phila., 1847. 
 
 " Vie are rather inclined to think that Mr. Alexander has alto 
 gether mistaken his vocation. A scholarly appreciation of what is 
 beautiful in literature, with earnest religious feelings, is not enough 
 to make a poet/' Literary World. 
 
 Alexander, Wm., M.D. Short Survey of the Lineal 
 Descent of the Sov. Princes of Europe, Edinburgh, 1703. 
 
 Alexander, Wm., M.D. Medical works, &c., Edin. 
 and Lond., 1767-79. 
 
 Alexander, Wm., Earl of Stirling, 1580-1640, 
 commenced to be an author at the early age of fourteen. 
 He was born at Menstrie, Scotland, and was a descendant 
 of the family of Macdonald. James I. and Charles I. were 
 both much attached to him. The first gave him a grant of 
 Nova Scotia in 1621, which charter has since been the 
 cause of considerable discussion. In his Aurora he pre 
 sented the public with more than a hundred sonnets, songs, 
 and elegies, as a poetical display of an ill-requited pas 
 sion, which distance from the object of his attachment 
 could not remove. 
 
 " He was greatly superior to the style of his age." HORACE 
 WALPOLE. 
 
 " The Paraenesis of Sir William Alexander is a noble poem." 
 
 PlNKERTON. 
 
 After perusing our author's poems, Addison remarked 
 that 
 
 "The beauties in our ancient English poets are too slightly 
 passed over by modern writers, who, out of a peculiar singularity, 
 had rather take pains to find fault than endeavour to excel." 
 
 Among his other works are four tragedies in alternate 
 rhyme, denominated Monarchicke, viz. : Darius, published 
 1603; Croesus, 1604 j The Alexandrian Tragedy, and Ju 
 lius Caesar, 1607. 
 
 "These pieces are not calculated for the stage; hut inchide 
 some admirable lessons for sovereign power, and several choruses 
 written with no small share of poetic vigour." DR. DRAKE. 
 
 " My philosophical poet." JAMES I. 
 
 " His Paraenesis and Aurora are almost classical performances, 
 and well merit republication." DR. ANDERSON. 
 
 " John Dunbar, Arthur Johnston, and Andrew Ramsay, have 
 lauded the Earl of Stirling in their Latin poetry. Daniel has com 
 plimented him before the edition of his Philotas in 1605 ; Davies of 
 Hereford has done the same in his Scourge of Folly and Wit's Bed 
 lam ; Hayman addressed two plaudits to him in his Quodlibets ; 
 Habington commended his Tragick Kaptures and Doomes-Day in 
 Castara; Dray ton gave him affectionate praise in his epistle to 
 Henry Eeynolds, Esq. Park's W.dpolc's R. & N. Authors. 
 
 Aleyn, Charles, died about 1640, was a poet of con 
 siderable reputation. 1. The Battle of Cressey and Poic- 
 tiers, 1632. 2. The History of Henry VII., &c., 1638. 
 3. The History of Euriolus and Lucretia, 1639, translated 
 from ./Eneas Sylvius. Dr. Thomas Wykes says he had 
 read over the "Historic of Henrie," and "judges it worthy 
 of being made public." 
 
 " For I was certain that this book by thee 
 Was dedicated to eternity." 
 
 Aleyn, J. Reports Select Cases in Banco Regis,16Sl-88. 
 
 Alford, Rev. Henry, B.D., b. 1810, London, Vicar of 
 Wymeswold, Leicestershire, grad. at Trinity Coll., Cam 
 bridge. Poems and Poetical Fragments, Camb., 1831. The 
 School of the Heart, and other Poems, 2 vols., 1835. Abbot 
 of Muchelnaye, and other Poems, 12mo. Chapters on the 
 . Poets of Ancient Greece, 8vo, 1841. The Consistency of the 
 Divine Conduct in Revealing the Doctrines of Redemption : 
 being the Hulsean Lectures for 1841. To which are added 
 two Sermons preached before the University of Cambridge, 
 Cainb., 1842. Part the Second, 1843. Psalms and Hymns 
 adapted to the Sundays and Holydays throughout the Year, 
 to which are added some occasional hymns, Lon., 1844. 
 Poetical Works, 2 vols. 12mo. Select Poetical Works, 12mo; 
 Bost., 1853, 12mo, pp. 424. Serms., 8vo. Serms. at Quebec 
 Chapel, 2 vols. 8vo. Village Serms., 12mo. Greek Testa 
 ment, with Notes, &c. : vol. i., 1844 : vol. ii., 1852 ; vols. 
 iii. and iv., 1856, '57. See Memoirs by his son, 8vo, 1855. 
 
 Alford, J., Trans, of a work upon the Lute, Lon., 1568. 
 
 Alford, Joseph. The Church Triumphant, Lon., 1649. 
 
 Alford, or Griffith, Michael, 1587-1652, born at 
 London. Britannia Illustrata, 1641. Fides Regia Bri- 
 tannica, sive Annales Ecclesia Britannica, <fec., 1663. 
 
 " A work of no very ordinary occurrence, and, at the same time, 
 of very considerable utility ; as treating fully of the church his 
 tory of this country from the earliest period to the reign of Henrv 
 
 11." DI3MN. 
 
 Alfred the Great, 848-901, the youngest child of 
 Ethelwolf and Osburgha, was born in the royal manor of 
 Wantage in Berkshire, where the kings of the West-Sax 
 ons had a palace, supposed to have been built on the site 
 of a Roman station. History has preserved several anec 
 dotes of the childhood and youth of this great prince. 
 He was distinguished above all his brothers by his beauty, 
 graceful manners, and early display of talent, and was on 
 that account the favourite of his parents. Alfred's efforts 
 for the restoration of literature in England were great, 
 and to a certain degree successful. The following works 
 were either written by him or have been attributed to him : 
 
 1. In order to make his subjects more generally ac 
 quainted with ancient history, Alfred translated into Eng 
 lish the historical work of Orosius. A manuscript of this 
 translation is in the Cottonian Library, Tiberius, B. 1, 
 from which it was printed by Daines Barrington. Ano 
 ther copy is now, with the other manuscripts belonging to 
 the Lauderdale Library, in the possession of Lady Dysart. 
 
 2. The Anglo-Saxon version of Bede's History of the 
 Anglo-Saxon Church has also been generally attributed to 
 Alfred. Manuscripts of this work are in the Public Li 
 brary of the University of Cambridge, and in Corpus 
 Christi College, Cambridge, No. 41, the latter of which 
 belonged to Leofric, Bishop of Exeter. The other manu 
 script (MS. Cotton. Otho, B. xi.) was destroyed by the 
 fire in the Cottonian Library. This book also has been 
 printed. 
 
 3. Alfred translated for the more especial use of his 
 clergy the Pastorale of Pope Gregory, and is said to have 
 sent a copy of it to each of his bishops, whose names 
 were severally inserted in the translator's preface. Three 
 of the original copies thus sent are still preserved, ad 
 dressed to Wulfsige, Bishop of Sherborne, (in the Public 
 Library, Cambridge,) to Waerferth, Bishop of Worcester, 
 (in the Bodleian Library, MS. Hatton, No. 88,) and to 
 Plegmund of Canterbury, (MS. Cotton. Tiberius, B. xi.) 
 The latter is very much injured by the fire. The Cam 
 bridge MS., which had been preserved in the cathedral of 
 Wells, and was sent by Bishop Jewel to Archbishop Par 
 ker, is as clean and fresh in appearance as when it came 
 from the hands of Alfred's scribe, and is a noble specimen 
 of Anglo-Saxon writing. The Cottonian MS. Otho, B. ii., 
 now destroyed by the fire, contained a copy from the one 
 sent by the king to Hehstan, Bishop of London, appa 
 rently of the 10th or beginning of the llth century. There 
 is also a somewhat later transcript of Wulfsige's copy of 
 the Pastorale in the library of Trinity College, Cam 
 bridge, and another manuscript of the book in the library 
 of Corpus Christi College, No. 12. This work has not 
 been printed. The Dialogues of Pope Gregory were 
 translated by Waerferth, Bishop of Worcester, under Al 
 fred's direction. 
 
 4. Another work of the king's, which is still preserved, 
 is a select translation of the Soliloquies of St. Augustine. 
 A copy of it is in MS. Cotton. Vitellius, A. xv., but it has 
 not been printed. 
 
 5. One of the most interesting of Alfred's translations 
 is that of the treatise of Boethius De Consolatione Philo 
 sophise, a work exceedingly popular during the Middle 
 Ages. It is more freely translated than his other books, 
 and exhibits, more than any of them, the philosophical 
 turn of Alfred's mind. The original is said to have been 
 glossed for the king by Asser, to render it more easily in 
 telligible. A manuscript of this work, written in the 
 common hand of the 10th century, Otho, A. vi., has been 
 so much injured by fire that it consists only of a few 
 ragged leaves. A transcript of it is preserved among the 
 manuscripts of Junius in the Bodleian Library. Another, 
 written towards the beginning of the 12th century, is in 
 the Bodleian Library. It has been twice printed. 
 
 6. Alfred's Manual, or Hand-book, (as he called it,) ex 
 isted in the time of William of Malmsbury. Asser says 
 that it was about the size of a Psalter, and that Alfred 
 entered in it prayers and psalms, and his daily observa 
 tions, and that he always carried it about with him. It 
 appears, from William of Malmsbury, that it also contained 
 historical anecdotes and miscellaneous entries. 
 
 7. William of Malmsbury informs us that the king, at 
 the time of his death, had commenced an Anglo-Saxon 
 version of the Psalms, which he left unfinished; some 
 have pretended that Alfred translated other parts of the 
 Bible. 
 
 8. Most writers who have given lists of Alfred's works 
 include among them what they call Alfred's Proverbs. 
 This work, which has been recently printed, is preserved 
 in two manuscripts, in MS. Trin. Coll., Cambridge, B. xiv. 
 
 49 
 
ALF 
 
 xxxix., and in MS. Col. Jes., Oxford, i. xxix. ; a third, 
 MS. Cotton. Galba, A. xix., perished in the fire. They 
 are of the beginning of the 13th century. It is a collec 
 tion of moral instructions in verse, conveyed in popular 
 proverbs, supposed to be addressed by him to his people 
 and to his son, but it has no claim to be ranked among 
 his works. This tract must have been in existence early 
 in the 12th century, for it is mentioned by Ailred of 
 Rievaux. 
 
 9. The translation of Esop's Fables attributed to King 
 Alfred was probably not more genuine. Our knowledge 
 of this book is derived from the Epilogue to the fables of 
 the Anglo-Norman poetess Marie, who says that she 
 translated them from Alfred's English version : 
 
 Qu 'il translate e fist escrire; 
 
 De Griu en Latin le turna. 
 
 Li reis Alvrez, que inert 1'ama, 
 
 Le translate, puis en Engleis ; 
 
 Et jeo 1'ai rimwe en Franceis, etc." 
 
 MS. Harl, No. 978, fol. 87, w. 
 
 Some of the manuscripts of these fables give a different 
 reading of the name, but that of Alfred is the best sup 
 ported. His name long continued to be popular, and was 
 probably affixed in different ways to many such works as 
 the two last mentioned. The introduction to a Latin ver 
 sion of Esop, preserved in a manuscript in the British 
 Museum, also mentions Alfred's English translation, in a 
 manner which can leave little doubt of the existence of 
 such a book bearing that monarch's name. 
 
 The old bibliographers, such as Bale and Leland, enu 
 merate other works under the name of Alfred, for which 
 there is no authority. We think also that it is not neces 
 sary to place among the king's literary productions his 
 enactments, which are printed in all the editions of the 
 Anglo-Saxon laws. 
 
 His translations are executed with much spirit. As he tells 
 us himself, he " sometimes interprets word for word, and 
 sometimes meaning for meaning ;" and he not unfrequently 
 inserted passages of his own. The most interesting of his 
 works in respect to this latter point are, his version of 
 Boethius, containing several very remarkable additions, 
 and his Orosius, in the geographical part of which he has 
 given the valuable narratives of two northern navigators, 
 Ohtere and Wulfstan, whom he had personally examined. 
 In point of style, Alfred's translations may be considered 
 as the purest specimens we possess of Anglo-Saxon prose. 
 
 Former biographers have been induced to give him the 
 fame of being a poet as well as a prose writer ; this is ow 
 ing to Asser's account of the love which the king showed 
 always to his native poetry, and of the metrical version 
 of the Metres of Boethius, attributed to him. We have 
 already stated it as our opinion that these metres were not 
 the work of Alfred; they were probably composed by 
 some obscure writer of the 10th century, who imagined 
 that Alfred's version of Boethius was imperfect so long as 
 the metres were only given in prose. If Alfred had 
 written verse, it would certainly have possessed some of 
 the higher characteristics which distinguish that class of 
 compositions in the Anglo-Saxon language ; and we can 
 not believe that he would have submitted to the puerile 
 occupation of arranging his own words in alliterative 
 couplets. 
 
 He died on the 28th of October, 901. His children, and 
 even his grand-children, inherited from him the same great 
 ness of mind, and love of science and literature, which 
 were so conspicuous in his own character. His name con 
 tinued to be cherished among his countrymen till the ex 
 tinction of Anglo-Saxon independence, and it was without 
 doubt the subject of numerous traditionary stories and 
 anecdotes. Even in the 12th and 13th centuries his memory 
 waa kept alive as the burden of popular songs, and by 
 productions similar to the fables and proverbs already 
 mentioned. 
 
 EDITIONS OP KINO ALFRED'S WORKS. The preface to the Pasto 
 rale was printed with Asser's Life, by Matthew Parker, fol., Lond., 
 1574; it was reprinted at Leyden, in 1597, par Bon. Vulcanium 
 Brugensem, in a scarce, anonymous work, entitled De Literis et 
 Lingua Getarum, sive Gothorum : it was again printed by Camden, 
 in his Anglica Normanica, &c. Scripte, fol. Francof., 1603; and 
 afterwards by Wise, in his edition of Asser, 8vo, Oxon., 1722. 
 
 Historic Ecclesiastics; Gentis Anglorum Libri V. a Venerabili 
 Beda Presbytero scripti. Edited by Wheloc., fol., Cantebr., 1643. 
 Alfred's Anglo-Saxon version of Bede. 
 
 An. Manl. Sever. Boethii Consolationis Philosophise Libri V. 
 Anglo-Saxonice redditi ab Alfredo, inclyto Anglo-Saxonum Regl. 
 Ad apographum Junianum, expresses edidit Christophorus Raw- 
 linson, e Collegio Reginse, 8vo, Oxon., 1698. 
 
 Historic Ecclesiasticae Gentis Anglorum, &c. Auctore Baeda. 
 Edited by Smith, fol., Cantabr., 1722, pp. 471-649. Anglo-Saxon 
 version of Bede. 
 50 
 
 ALF 
 
 The Anglo-Saxon version, from the historian Orosius, by JElfred 
 the Great, together with an English Translation from the Anglo- 
 Saxon, 8vo, London, 1773. By Daines Barrington. 
 
 The Will of King Alfred. Oxford: at the Clarendon Press, 
 1788, 4to. 
 
 The Will of King Alfred, reprinted fiom the Oxford ed. of 1788 ; 
 with a preface and additional notes by Thomas Astle, 8vo, 1828. 
 
 King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon version of Boethius de Consolatione 
 Philosophize, with an English Translation, and notes. By J. S. 
 Cardale, 8vo, London, 1829. 
 
 King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon version of the Metres of Boethius, 
 with an English Translation, and Notes. By the Rev. Samuel Fox. 
 8vo, London, 1835. 
 
 Reliquiae Antiquae. Edited by Thomas Wright and James 
 Orchard Halliwell, vol. i. 8vo, London, 1841, pp. 170-188. The Pro 
 verbs of King Alfred. Abbreviated from Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Alfred of Beverly, born about 1100, derives his 
 chief importance from the dispute which has arisen whether 
 he preceded or came after Geoffrey of Monmouth. Histo 
 rians and bibliographers have all fixed at too early a date 
 the period when Alfred of Beverly compiled his history. 
 All that we know of his life is derived from his own writ 
 ings. While occupied with his historical researches, it 
 appears that the history of Geoffrey of Monmouth was 
 published, and began to create a great sensation. Alfred 
 hearing people talk of British kings of whom he was en 
 tirely ignorant, and ashamed to be obliged continually to 
 confess that he knew nothing about them, became anxious 
 to obtain a sight of the new history, and with much diffi 
 culty succeeded. He perused it with avidity, and, charmed 
 with the novelty of its contents, he would have made a 
 transcript of it for himself if he had been allowed suffi 
 cient time, and had possessed money enough to buy the 
 materials at once; but this not being the case, he deter 
 mined to make an abridgment of it. Alfred informs us 
 that, having abridged the history of the Britons, he de 
 termined to abridge other historians, so as to continue his 
 book through the Saxon and Norman times. We trace, as 
 having gone through this process, among others, Bede, 
 Florence of Worcester, and the Northern writer Simeon 
 of Durham, which historian appears to have been the last 
 he used, for Alfred's history closes in the same year with 
 that of Simeon, A.D. 1129, the 29th year of Henry I. His 
 historical notices are extremely brief, and his style is that 
 of the ordinary writers of his age. Bale has increased the 
 number of works attributed to Alfred of Beverly, by mak 
 ing three different titles out of his one known historical 
 epitome. He is said to have written a life of John of 
 Beverly ; but we know with more certainty that he was the 
 author of a work on the rights and privileges of his church, 
 which he is said in the title to have translated from Eng 
 lish into Latin, and which was preserved in the Cottonian 
 Library, but the volume containing it unfortunately pe 
 rished in the fire. Edition, Aluredi Beverlacensis Annales, 
 sive Historia de Gestis Regum Britanniae, Libris ix., e co- 
 dice pervetusto. . . . Descripsit ediditque Tho. Hearnius, 
 Oxon., 1716, 8vo. Abbrev.from Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Alfred, (flourished 1170,) who by some writers is 
 named the Philosopher, is enumerated by Roger Bacon 
 among those who had translated the Arabian books of 
 science into Latin. Pits, partly on the authority of Boston 
 of Bury, tells us that he wandered in search of learning 
 through France and Italy, and that at Rome he was re 
 ceived into the family of Cardinal Ottobini, who made him 
 his chaplain, and brought him to England, when he was 
 sent as legate by Pope Urban IV. to make peace between 
 Henry III. and his barons. This however cannot be cor 
 rect, for one of Alfred's principal works, the translation 
 (from the Arabic) of Aristotle's treatise, De Vegetabilibus 
 et Plantis, is dedicated to Roger of Hereford, whose con - 
 temporary he must have been. In the manuscripts of thii 
 book, preserved in the BibliothSque Royale at Paris, the 
 author is sometimes named simply Magister Alfredus, and 
 at others Alfredus de Sarchel. M. Jourdain states reasons 
 for believing that this work was translated in Spain. Pits 
 mentions the titles of several other books attributed to 
 him, most of which are still extant : they are, 1. De Musica, 
 of which he gives as the first words, Licet mihi inter medi- 
 tandum. 2. In Boethium de Consolatione Philosophias, in 
 five books, not now known to exist. 3. In Meteora Aristo- 
 telis. This is preserved in a manuscript in the Royal 
 Library at Paris, where the author's name is corruptly 
 spelt Alphiolus. 4. De Rerum Natura. M. Jourdain be 
 lieves this to be the treatise De Causis Elernentorum, which 
 is found in most of the manuscripts joined to the transla 
 tion of Aristotle De Vegetabilibus, and clearly resembles 
 it in style. 5. De Motu Cordis. M. Jourdain thinks this 
 may be the same as a short treatise, evidently translated 
 from the Arabic, which is found under the same title in a 
 MS. in the Royal Library at Paris, MS. Lat. No. 6443. 
 
ALF 
 
 ALI 
 
 6. Leland mentions a treatise by this writer, (or some per 
 son of the same name,) De Educatione Accipitrum. Per 
 haps the Aluredus Anglicus, mentioned by Boston of Bury 
 as Cardinal Ottoboni's chaplain, and as the author of the 
 treatise on music, and the Commentary on Boethius, was a 
 different person from the philosopher. Abbreviated from 
 Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Alfric, or Alfred of Malmsbury? flourished in 990. 
 William of Malmsbury tells us that he was a learned man. 
 The old bibliographers attribute to this writer a scientific 
 treatise De Naturis Rerum, and a history of his abbey, De 
 Rebus sui Coenobii. No such works, however, are now 
 known to exist. William of Malmsbury has wrongly at 
 tributed to this Alfric the writings of Alfred of Canter 
 bury. Abbreviated from Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Alfric of Canterbury, died 1006. No Anglo-Saxon 
 writer has excited so much interest in modern times by his 
 works as Alfric the Grammarian, as he has been generally 
 named, from his grammar; and yet there are few whose 
 personal history is involved in so much confusion and un 
 certainty. This arises, in part, from the name having been 
 extremely common among the Anglo-Saxons, and from 
 the difficulty of identifying the author of the different 
 books which bear this name by internal evidence. Leland 
 separated one Alfric into three, and Bale gave each of 
 these three a distinct chapter. On the other hand, Usher 
 joined three into one, confounding Alfric of Canterbury 
 with Alfric of York and Alfric of Malmsbury. The his 
 torians of the 12th and 13th centuries, such as William of 
 Malmsbury, and Matthew Paris, do not seem to have es 
 caped from the same confusion. 
 
 Alfric is said to have been descended from a noble family, 
 his father being Ealderman or Earl of Kent. When young, 
 his education was intrusted to one of the secular priests, 
 who, as he says, could with difficulty understand Latin, 
 and from whose misconduct he seems to have derived a 
 contempt for the whole class of secular clergy. We think 
 it probable that Alfric remained at Winchester, until A.D. 
 988 or 989, when he was sent by Alf heh, then Bishop of 
 Winchester, to regulate or govern the newly-established 
 Abbey of Cerne, in Dorsetshire, at the request of the foun 
 der, Ealderman Ethelmer. The next event in the life of 
 Alfric is his promotion to the Bishopric of Wilton. We 
 are justified in believing that he filled this bishopric during 
 a very brief period previous to the death of Sigeric of 
 Canterbury, in 995. In 995, Alfric succeeded Sigeric as 
 Archbishop of Canterbury; and it is remarkable that in 
 the instrument of his election he is called simply a monk 
 of Abingdon. All we know of the remainder of his life 
 is, that he ruled his diocese with vigour and piety during 
 a period of continual sufferings from the inroads of the 
 Danes. Bridferth, who dedicated to him his life of Dun- 
 stan, speaks of the wonderful extent of his learning. Alfric 
 died on the 16th of November, 1006. 
 
 It is probable that the greater part of Alfric's numerous 
 writings are still extant. They consist chiefly of transla 
 tions, and may be conveniently divided into three classes : 
 those intended for the instruction of youth, theological 
 works written after his mission to the Abbey of Cerne, and 
 those which he composed after his elevation to the Bishop 
 ric of Wilton. 1. The Latin Grammar, which is a trans 
 lation from the old grammars of Donatus and Priscian, 
 and from which Alfric has derived his title of Gramrnati- 
 cus. Several manuscripts of his grammar are preserved, 
 and it was printed by Somner in the 17th century. The 
 second, or Anglo-Saxon, preface alludes to his homilies, 
 and therefore must have been written after he left Win 
 chester. 2. The Glossary of Latin words most commonly 
 used in conversation, (for which purpose it was intended,) 
 which is generally found in the same manuscripts with the 
 Grammar, was also published by Somner. 3. The Collo 
 quium, or conversation in Latin, with an interlinear Saxon 
 gloss, intended to further the same object as the Glossary, 
 and forming a second book to it. 4. We ought probably 
 to attribute to Alfric the Anglo-Saxon Manual of Astrono 
 my, which occurs so frequently in early manuscripts. It 
 is found in a large manuscript of Alfric's works in the 
 Public Library of the University of Cambridge, and con 
 tains many of the characteristics of Alfric's writings, par 
 ticularly his expressions of contempt for the "unlearned 
 priests ;" recently printed. 5. A collection of homilies, 
 (the greatest of all Alfric's works,) amounting in number 
 to eighty, and written, as he acknowledges, at the sugges 
 tion of Ethelmer and Ethelward. 6. After this collection 
 was completed, Alfric, at the request of Ethelward, com 
 piled from the Latin another set of homilies, commemo 
 rative of the different saints revered by the Anglo-Saxon 
 
 church, divided, like the former, into two books. A copy 
 of this work will be found in MS. Cotton. Julius, E. vii. 
 7. One of the next works of Alfric, or at least one of those 
 completed before he was raised to a bishopric, was the 
 translation of the Heptateuch. 8. A treatise on the Old 
 and New Testament, addressed to Sigward aet East-Heolon, 
 which was printed with a translation by Lisle. 9. A treatise 
 on the Trinity, addressed to Wulfgeat aet Ylmandune, 
 preserved in manuscript in the Bodleian Library. 10. The 
 abridgment of Ethelwold's Constitutions, for the monks of 
 Eynsham, preserved in manuscript at Cambridge, MS. 
 Coop. Chr. Coll., No. 265. 11. Perhaps Alfric was the 
 author of the translation of the life of Guthlac, by Felix 
 of Croyland, preserved in MS. Cotton. Vespas. D. xxi. 
 12. An Epistle to Sigferth, on the marriage of the clergy. 
 While Bishop of Wilton he probably wrote, 13. The Sermo 
 ^llfrici episcopi ad clericos, and 14. The Sermo ad Sacer- 
 dotes, both preserved in MS. Coop. Chr. Coll., Camb., No. 
 265, and in other manuscripts. The latter found also in 
 MS. Cotton. Tiber. A. iii., is addressed to Bishop Wulfsine, 
 and is also known as Alfric's Canons. It has been printed. 
 These are in Latin and in Anglo-Saxon. Abbreviated 
 from Wrights Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Alfric IJata, a. 1051. He informs us that he was the 
 disciple of the elder Alfric (not of Ethelwold) at Winches 
 ter. He is known principally as having republished and 
 enlarged some of the books of scholastic instruction com 
 piled by his master, more particularly the Colloquium, 
 printed by Mr. Thorpe. It is probable that he also repub 
 lished Alfric's Grammar and Glossary, for they are joined 
 with the Colloquium in the manuscript of the latter pre 
 served at Oxford ; and in the copy of the grammar printed 
 by Somner there is a short epistle connecting Alfric's name 
 with that of King Canute, which cannot refer to Alfric of 
 Canterbury. He is supposed to be the author of the Life 
 of Ethelwold; also of one of the homilies (entitled in some 
 manuscripts In Natale Unius Confessoris) a marginal 
 note to which, in one of the manuscripts, states that it was 
 composed at the desire of the younger Ethelwold, Bishop 
 of Winchester, who is said to have succeeded Cynewulf in 
 1008. Abbreviated from Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Alfrid. 1. Appeal in the Case of M. A. Fitzherbert, 
 1790. 2. Letters : View of the Polit. State of Europe, 1793. 
 
 Alger, William Rounseville, b. 1823, at Free 
 town, Mass. 1. Symbolic History of the Cross of Christ, 
 ISmo. 2. Oriental Poetry, or Metrical Specimens of the 
 Thought, Sentiment, and Fancy of the East ; with an His 
 torical Introduction, 12mo. 3. History of the Doctrine of 
 a Future Life as it has prevailed in all Nations and Ages, 8vo. 
 
 " An extraordinary amount of solid learning and deep research, 
 abounding with innumerable beauties of thought." 
 
 Ed., with an Introduction, Studies of Christianity; or, 
 Timely Thoughts for Religious Thinkers, by Rev. Jas. 
 Martineau, Bost., 1858. 
 
 Algernon. The Royal Wanderer, &c.; a Tale, 1815. 
 
 Algood, M. Funl. Serm. on Rev. G. Richbell, 1684. 
 
 Alingham. Account of the Nat. and Use of Maps, 1203. 
 
 Alison, Alexander. 1. History of the Future, p. 8vo. 
 2. Second Reformation, p. 8vo. 
 
 ' Alison, Archibald, 1757-1839, son of Andrew Alison, 
 of Edinburgh, was matriculated at Baliol College, Oxford, 
 in 1775. He was senior minister of the Episcopal Chapel, 
 Cowgate, Edinburgh. In 1790 he published Essays on the 
 Nature and Principles of Taste, which work has attained 
 a wide celebrity. He gave to the world a number of ser 
 mons, 1809-15, also a Memoir of the Life and Writings of 
 Lord Woodhouslee. Trans. Ed. R. Soc. vii. 515, 1818. 
 
 " Mr. Alison maintains that all beauty, or, at least, that all the 
 beauty of material objects, depends upon the associations that may 
 have connected them with the ordinary affections of our nature; 
 and in this, which is the fundamental point of his theory, we con 
 ceive him to be no less clearly right, than he is conTincing and 
 judicious in the copious illustrations by which he has sought to 
 establish its truth." LORD JEFFREY. 
 
 Dr. Dibdin extols Mr. Alison's style highly : 
 
 " The beautiful and refined fancy, and melodious style of this 
 writer, render his works deserving of a conspicuous place in every 
 well-chosen library." 
 
 " An excellent and highly-pleasing work on taste." LOWNDES. 
 
 Mr. Alison's sermons have been greatly commended : 
 
 " These remind us more of the beautiful harangues of Fenelon, 
 or of the celebrated Oraisons Funebres of Bossuet, than of any 
 British growth and manufacture. The beauty of the style and 
 imagery is almost sure to attract the attention ; and the mind must 
 be dull and sullen indeed that offers a long resistance to the stronger 
 charms which form the grand characteristics of these eloquent dis 
 courses. . . . We can hardly help envying the talent by which 
 Mr. Alison has clothed so much wisdom in so much beauty, and 
 made us find in the same work the highest gratifications of taste, 
 and the noblest lessons of virtue." Edinburgh Review. 
 
ALI 
 
 ALL 
 
 Alison, Sir Archibald, Bart., D.C.L., eldest son 
 of the preceding, was b. at Kenley, Shropshire, Dec. 29, 
 1792, at which place his father was then vicar. He was 
 educated in Edinburgh, where his father was then settled. 
 Ho studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1814, and 
 that and the following year he travelled on the Continent, 
 and pub. his Travels in France ; 2d ed., 1816, 8vo. He 
 was made Sheriff of Lanarkshire in 1828 ; Rector of Glas 
 gow Univ., 1851; created a baronet, 1852. He esta 
 blished a high reputation by his Principles of the Criminal 
 Law, Edin., 1832, and The Practice of the Criminal Law, 
 which have become standard authorities with the Scottish 
 bar. His History of Europe from the Commencement of 
 the French Revolution to the Restoration of the Bour 
 bons, pub. in 10 vols. 8vo, 1839-42, established his reputa 
 tion in Europe and America. The 8th Edinburgh ed. 
 New Library Edition was pub. 1849-51, 14 vols. 8vo, 
 10 10s. ; in r. 8vo, 21. 9th ed., People's Edition, 
 1853-55, 12 vols. p. 8vo, and Index vol., 2 Us. It has 
 been reprinted in Paris, Brussels, America, Ac., and 
 trans, into French, German, Hindostanee, and Arabic. 
 
 Mr. Alison is a high Tory in politics, evidences of which 
 fact will be found in his Essays, Political, Historical, <fcc., 
 (originally pub. in Blackwood's Mag.,) 1850, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 In 1840 he pub. Principles of Population, 2 vols. 8vo, in 
 which he combats the theory of Malthus. 
 
 " Mr. Alison takes alarger perhaps a loftier view of the subject 
 of Population than all others. His work possesses a vast fund of 
 matter and personal observation ; and those who peruse the volumes 
 will have their minds expanded by various and enlarged specula 
 tion and instructed by the new light in which existing information 
 is placed." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 In 1847, he pub. a treatise on Free Trade and Fettered 
 Currency, 8vo ; and in the same year, The Life of the Duke 
 of Marlborough ; 2d ed, 1852, 8vo; 3d ed., 1855, 8vo. In 
 1852-57 he pub. vols. i.-vi. of the History of Europe from 
 1815-52. Of Sir Archibald's first historical work (1789- 
 1815) we have many criticisms before us, but can afford 
 room for brief extracts from two or three only. 
 
 " It is, upon the whole, a valuable addition to European litera 
 ture, evidently compiled with the utmost care : its narration, so 
 far as we can judge, is not perverted by the slightest partiality. 
 Its defects, or what we deem such, are matters partly of taste and 
 partly of political opinion. Its merits are minuteness and honesty, 
 qualities which may well excuse a faulty stylo, gross political 
 prejudices, and a fondness for exaggerated and frothy declama 
 tion. . . . Whenever we have been led to compare the conflicting 
 accounts of any important event in Mr. Alison's history, we have 
 almost invariably found that his narrative steers judiciously be 
 tween them and combines the most probable and consistent par 
 ticulars contained in each. Mr. Alison's general style is not at 
 tractive. It is not, however, at least in the narrative part of it, 
 either feeble or displeasing. Its principal defect is the cumbrous 
 and unwieldy construction of its sentences, which frequently 
 causes them to appear slovenly and obscure, and sometimes ren 
 ders their precise meaning doubtful." Edin. Rev., Ixxvi. 1. 
 
 " No work could have made such progress in national opinion 
 without substantial qualities. Its vigour of research and its manli 
 ness of principle, its accurate knowledge and its animation of style, 
 have been the grounds of its remarkable public favour, as they are 
 the guarantees for its permanent popularity." Blackw. Mag. 
 
 '^.An accomplished civilian of our own has lately closed with an 
 account of this final struggle (battle of Waterloo) a voluminous 
 history, which has, we know, enjoyed in its progress a very high 
 share of popularity. Agreeing as we do with many of Mr. Alison's 
 political opinions, and approving the spirit of his moral reflections, 
 we have no disposition to question the general merits of a work, 
 &c. We may be pardoned for remarking, in general, that a writer 
 of Mr. Alison's particular qualifications would have acted wisely 
 in compressing the military narratives and disquisitions which 
 abound in his volumes, and in abstaining from certain conclu 
 sions which, coming from him, possess, indeed, no other authority 
 than that which his mere powers of language can invest them, 
 but may be quoted by interested persons for their own purposes. 
 persons who would otherwise pay little attention to Mr. Alison or 
 his work." Lon. Quar. Rev., Ixx. 467. 
 
 ** The History of Europe during the French Revolution is by far the 
 most remarkable historical work of the century." For. Quar. Rev. 
 Those who desire to pursue the subject still further are 
 referred to Lon. Quar. Rev., vols. Ixx., Ixxii., Ixxiii., Ixxvi. ; 
 Edin. Rev., Ixxvi. j Blackw. Mag., xlii., xlvi., xlviii., 1., 
 Hi.; Westm. Rev., xli., (by W. R. Gregg;) N. Amer. Rev., 
 Ivi., (by F. Bowen;) Dubl. Univ. Mag., viii., x., xi., xx. ; 
 Amer. Whig Rev., i. 341, (in which will be found strictures 
 on his Toryism ;) and other articles in various periodicals. 
 Sir Archibald Alison's Life of John, Duke of Marlbo 
 rough, with some Account of his Contemporaries and of 
 the War of the Succession, must be read as a preface to his 
 histories. Of the 2d ed. the author remarks, 
 
 "In this edition, which will be considerably more than double 
 the size of the first, the author has endeavoured to convert the 
 military sketch which alone was attempted in the first edition 
 into a more complete history, on the same plan in respect to de 
 tail and reference to authority as his History of Europe. No 
 pains have been spared in consulting the best authorities on the 
 subject, both in Great Britain and on the Continent." 
 
 Alison, R. A Plaine Confutation of a Treatise of 
 Brownism, entitled A Description of the Visible Church, 
 London, 1590. An Houre's Recreation in Musicke, apt 
 for Instruments and Voyces, London, 1606. 
 
 Alison, William Pulteney, M.D., political econo 
 mist, physician, and Professor of the Practice of Medicine 
 in the University of Edinburgh, is a younger brother of the 
 historian, and, like him, highly conservative in his politics, 
 but very popular with the opposite party, on account of 
 the interest he has bestowed on the poor and suffering 
 classes. In connexion with this subject he has been led 
 to the consideration of certain great national questions, 
 and, together with his brother, he has always opposed the 
 existing system of Poor Laws. 
 
 Outlines of Physiology ; 3d ed., Edin., 1839, 8vo ; Out 
 lines of Pathology and Practice of Medicine, 1848, 8vo ; 
 Remarks on the Report on the Poor-Laws of Scotland, 
 1848, 8vo. 
 
 " Every individual who cannot afford time to wade through the 
 monstrous volumes of evidence which have been so digested, (by 
 Dr. Alison,) and who feels interested in the subject, must acknow 
 ledge himself deeply indebted to the performer of this disinte 
 rested act of labour." Scotsman. 
 
 In a work published at Edinburgh in 1850, entitled A 
 Dissertation on the Reclamation of Waste Lands, he fully 
 examines the subject, and recommends the colonization of 
 waste lands by paupers and criminals. Men of the Time. 
 
 Allam, Andrew, 1655-1685, born near Oxford, (at 
 Garsingdon,) was a pupil of William Wildgoose, a teacher 
 well known at that time. He took holy orders in 1680. 
 He had a predilection for antiquarian pursuits ; and be 
 sides assisting Anthony Wood in his Athenae Oxon., he 
 made additions to Notitia, (1684,) and to Helorius's His 
 torical and Chronological Theatre, (pub. 1687.) He also 
 wrote the Epistle prefixed to Dr. Cosin's Ecclesias Angli- 
 canse Politeia, <fec., containing an account of the doctor's 
 life; a translation of the Life of Iphicrates, Oxf., 1684. 
 He projected a Notitia Ecclesise Anglicanse, or History of 
 Cathedrals, but was prevented by death from completing 
 his design. Biog. Brit. 
 
 Allam and. Unannealed Glass Vessels, Phil. Trans., 
 1745. 
 
 Allan. Power of the C. Magistrate, Ac., Edin., 1807. 
 
 Allan, Charles. See ALEYN, C. 
 
 Allan, D. 1744-96, Plates illus. of Scottish Song. 
 
 Allan, George, died 1800, an English antiquary of 
 note, was an attorney at Darlington. He published a 
 number of works, and, among others, struck off the follow 
 ing at his private printing-press : Collections relating to 
 Sherburn Hospital, 1773; others for Greatham and St. 
 Edmund's Hospital at Gateshead; A Sketch of the Life 
 and Character of Bishop Trevor, 1776. Mr. Hutchinson's 
 History of Durham was much aided by him. 
 
 " Nor is it any discredit to Mr. Hutchinson's industry to say, 
 that it proceeded under the guidance of Mr. Allan's judgment." 
 
 Mr. Allan presented the Antiquarian Society of London 
 with 26 quarto vols. of MS. relating chiefly to the Univer 
 sity of Oxford. 
 
 " In the way from Darlington to Blackwell you pass the Grange 
 .... long eminently distinguished as the seat of benevolence 
 and the virtues." Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. 
 
 Allan, George, 1768-1828, M.P. for Durham, son of 
 the above, inherited his father's passion for literary pur 
 suits. He was a contributor to that invaluable literary 
 store-house, Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. 
 
 Allan, J. H. Pictorial Tour in the Mediterranean, 
 Lon., 4to. 
 
 Allan, R. 1. A Dictionary of the Ancient Languages 
 of Scotland, Edin., 1804. 2. A Treatise on the Operation 
 of Lithotomy, <fcc., Edin., 1808. 3. A System of Patho 
 logical and Operative Surgery, founded on Anatomy, 3 
 vols., 1819-24. 
 
 Allan, Robert. Manual of Mineralogy, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Allan, Thomas. Works on Mineralogy, 1808-18. 
 
 A Hanson. Sermon on John xiii. 34, 1780. 
 
 Allanson, J. A. Picturesque Representations of the 
 Manners of the Russians, 3 vols. fol. Lond., 1813. 
 
 AHardyce, A. Ad. respect. Bank of Eng., 1798-1801. 
 
 A I las oil, J., D.D. Sermon on 2 Sam. xviii. 3, 1713. 
 
 Allason, T. Pict. Views : Anti. of Pola., Lond., 1819. 
 
 A II but. Elements Useful Knowledge, &c., Lond., 1809. 
 
 Allchin, R. Address to Young Persons on the Truth 
 and Importance of Christianity, 1803. 
 
 Alldridge, W. T. The Goldsmith's Repository, 
 London, 1789. 
 
 " A useful work." LOWNDES. 
 
 Alle, T, Nar. rel. to Edward's Gangrsena, Lon., 1646. 
 
 Allein, Thomas. See ALLEN. 
 
ALL 
 
 ALL 
 
 Alleine, or Allein, Joseph, 1633-1688, an emi 
 nent Nonconformist minister, was b. at Devizes, Wilt 
 shire, and entered Lincoln College, Oxford, in 1649. He 
 was admitted scholar of Corpus Christi in 1651, and two 
 years afterwards was elected to the chaplainship. So 
 diligent was he in his studies, that he allowed himself but 
 three hours' sleep, and often gave away his "commons" to 
 save more time for his books. He accepted the post of 
 assistant minister to Mr. Newton at Taunton, in 1655. He 
 suffered greatly from imprisonment, and other annoyances, 
 in consequence of his conscientious refusal to accept the 
 act of uniformity of 1662. He was " abundant in la 
 bours," holy in his " walk and conversation," and exem 
 plary in all the relations of life. He published a number 
 of religious works, 1656-1674, the best known of which 
 is An Alarm to Unconverted Sinners, 1672, of which 
 20,000 copies were sold. It appeared three years after 
 wards, under the title of A Sure Guide to Heaven, when 
 50,000 copies were disposed of. Since then it has run 
 through many editions, and been the means, through the 
 Divine blessing, of turning "many to righteousness." 
 " A very awakening and judicious work." BICKERSTETH. 
 Alleine or Allein, Richard, 1611-1681, a Noncon 
 formist minister, was of St. Alban's-hall, Oxford, and 
 became Rector of Bateaube, Somersetshire. Like his name 
 sake, the subject of the preceding article, he was noted for 
 zeal in labours and piety in deportment. He published a 
 number of religious works, of which the Vindicise Pietatis, 
 or Vindication of Godliness from the imputations of Folly 
 and Fancy, Lon., 1663, is still in considerable estimation. 
 Allen. Farrier's Assistant, London, 1737. 
 Allen. Specimina Iconographica, or Nature of In 
 ventions and Experiments, Lon., 1730. Twenty-six ser 
 mons on important subjects, Lon., 1751. 
 
 Allen, Anthony, d. 1754, collected a biographical 
 account of the members of Eton College, and considerable 
 materials for an English dictionary of obsolete words. Of 
 the former, one copy was placed in King's, one in Eton 
 College Library, and one by his will was to be given to 
 Mr. Speaker Onslow, his patron. Chalmers's Diet. 
 
 Allen, B. Treatises on Mineral Waters, Ac., Lon., 
 1689-1711. 
 
 Allen, B. A Poem ins. to his Brit. Majesty, 1761. 
 Allen, Charles. See ALEYN. 
 
 Allen, Charles. Operator for the Teeth, Dubl., 1687. 
 Allen, David O., D.D., b. Barre, Mass., grad. Union 
 Coll., 1823 ; proceeded to India as a missionary of the 
 American Board, 1827 ; returned to U.S., 1853. India, 
 Ancient and Modern, 8vo, pp. 618 ; 2d ed., Bost., 1858. 
 See a review in Lon. Athen., No. 1497, July 5, 1856. 
 Contrib. extensively to journals in India and America. 
 Allen, E. Argument resp. Island of Jersey, Lon., 1812. 
 Allen, K d mo ml. See ALEN. 
 
 Allen, Ethan, 1742-1789, a brigadier-general in the 
 war of the American Revolution, b. in Roxbury, Conn. 
 He pub. a number of controversial pamphlets, a narrative 
 of his observations during his captivity, and Allen's Theo 
 logy, or The Oracle of Reason, 1786. 
 
 "This lust work was intended to ridicule the doctrine of Moses 
 and the prophets. It would be unjust to bring against it the 
 charge of having effected great mischief in the world ; for few have 
 had the patience to read it." Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. 
 
 As might be expected of one silly enough to espouse the 
 absurdities of infidelity, Mr. Allen held some very foolish 
 opinions : viz. that man after death would transmigrate 
 into beasts, birds, fishes, reptiles, Ac. ; and that he himself 
 should live again in the form of a large white horse. 
 
 Allen, F., Archd. of Middlesex. Sermons, Lon., 
 1739-51. 
 
 Allen, G. Tables for Tolls and Freight, 1800. 
 Allen, H. Letters, &c., 1774. 
 
 Allen, Henry, 1748-1784, b. at Newport, R.I., pub. 
 a volume of Hymns, several treatises and sermons. 
 Allen, Hezekiah. A Sacred Drama, 1798. 
 Allen, I. N. Diary of a March through Sinde and 
 Aflghanistan, Ac., and sermons, Lon., 1843. 
 
 Allen, Ira, 1752 ?-1814, first Secretary of Vermont, 
 was a brother of Ethan Allen. Natural and Political 
 History of Vermont, Lon., 1798. Statements applicable 
 to the Olive Branch, Phila., 1807. 
 
 Allen, J. The Younger Brother, Ac., Oxf., 1624. 
 Allen, Jas. The Danger of Philosophy, Ac., Lon.,1807. 
 Allen, Jas., 1632-1710, minister in Boston, Mass., 
 came to America in 1662. 1. Healthful Diet, a sermon. 
 New England's Choicest Blessings, an election sermon, 
 1679. Serious Advice to Delivered Ones. Man's Self-re 
 flection, &c. ; and two practical discourses. 
 
 Allen, Jas., 1691-1747, first minister of Brookline, 
 1. Thanksg. Sermon, 1722. 2. Discourse on Pro 
 vidence, 1727. 3. Doctrine of Merit exploded, Ac., 1727. 
 4. A Fast Sermon, 1727. 5. Sermon to a Society of Young 
 Men, 1731. 6. On the Death of Saml. Aspinwall, 1733. 
 7. Election Sermon, 1744. 
 
 Allen, Jas., 1739-1808, Boston, Mass. Poems. 
 
 Allen, J. Fisk. Practical Treatise on the Culture 
 and Treatment of the Grape- Vine, 1853, N.Y., 12mo ; 3d 
 ed., enlarged. 
 
 Allen, John, 1476-1534, Archbishop of Dublin in the 
 reign of Henry VII. ; author of Epistola de Pallii Signi- 
 ficatione. De Consuetudinibus ac Statutis, Ac., and some 
 other treatises. 
 
 Allen, John. Judicial Astrologers, Ac., Lon., 1659 
 
 Allen, John. Ser. on Perjury, Lev. xix. 12, 1682. 
 
 Allen, John, M.D. Synopsis Medicinae ; or a Sum 
 mary View of the whole Practice of Physick, Lon., 1719. 
 Printed in Paris, 1728 j Amsterdam, 1730. 
 
 Allen, John. Sermon on Ps. cxxxiii. 1, 1725. On 
 
 Tit. ii. 15, 1740. 
 
 Allen, John. 
 1730. 
 
 Allen, John. 
 
 Narrative of New Inventions, Lon., 
 
 Sermons, 1740-56. 
 
 Allen, John, Vice Principal of St. Mary Magd. Hall 
 Oxford. Pub. various sermons, 1758-73. 
 
 Allen, John. Spiritual Magazine, or the Christian's 
 Grand Treasure, 1752. A new edit, with preface by Ro 
 maine, Lon., 1810, 3 vols. 
 
 Allen, John, a learned dissenting layman, the au 
 thor of several religious works, and of excellent transla 
 tions of Calvin's Institutes, and Outram on Sacrifice, Ac. 
 
 Mr. Allen is best known by Modern Judaism, or a Brief 
 Account of the Opinions, Rites, and Ceremonies of the 
 Jews in Modern Times, Lon., 1817. 
 
 " This is the best work on modern Judaism in our language. 
 The various topics mentioned in the title are treated very judicious 
 ly, and passages of Scripture are occasionally illustrated." ORME. 
 
 " Useful information." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 "The various traditions, &c. received and adopted by the mo 
 dern Jews (that is, by those who lived during and subsequently 
 to the time of Jesus Christ) are fully and perspicuously treated 
 in this well-executed volume, which illustrates various passages in 
 the New Testament with great felicity." T. H. HORNE. 
 
 Allen, John, M.D., 1770-1843, b. Colinton, near 
 Edinburgh. 1. Illustrations of Mr. Hume's Essay con 
 cerning Liberty and Necessity, in answer to Dr. Gregory, 
 of Edinburgh, by a Necessitarian. 2. Trans. Cuvier's 
 Study of the Animal Economy, Edin., 1801. 3. Inquiry 
 into the Rise and Growth of the Royal Prerogative in 
 England, 1830. A valuable constitutional work. A new 
 ed., with the author's revisions, was published after his 
 death. Contrib. extensively to Edin. Rev., chiefly on 
 subjects connected with the British Constitution and with 
 French and Spanish history. Forty-one articles in that 
 periodical are attributed to him, the principal of which 
 are Regency Question, 1811; Constitution of Parlia 
 ment, 1816 ; Review of Lingard's England ; Church Rates, 
 1839, Ac.; Hist, of Europe in the Annual Register for 
 1806; and a Biog. Sketch of Mr. Fox, 1820. See Lord 
 Brougham's Hist Sketches, pp. 342-348, Third Series. 
 
 Allen, John, 1596-1671, first minister of Dedham, 
 Mass., born in England, driven thence by persecution. 
 Mr. Cotton speaks of him with respect in his preface to 
 Norton's Answer to Apollonius. He pub. a Defence of the 
 Nine Positions, in which, with Mr. Shepard of Cambridge, 
 he discusses the points of Church Discipline, and a de 
 fence of the Synod of 1662, against Mr. Chauncy, under 
 the title of Animadversions upon the Antisynodalia, 4to, 
 1664. (In N. England Library.) His last two sermons 
 were pub. after his death. HaynaL iii. 132, Prentiss's 
 fun. serm. on Haven. 
 
 Allen, Jos. Evil Communications, 1 Cor. xv. 33, 1712. 
 
 Allen, Joseph, R.N. 1. Battles of the British 
 Navy; new ed., revised and enlarged, Lon., 2 vols. p. 
 8vo, 1852. 2. Navigation-Laws of Great Britain, 8vo. 
 
 Allen, Jos. H. Discourses on Orthodoxy, Bost., 12mo. 
 
 Allen, Joshua. On James ii. 10, 1730. The Trinity, 
 Ac., 1751. 
 
 Allen, Lydia. Experimental Christianity, Ac., 2d 
 ed., greatly enlarged, Lon., 1741. 
 
 Allen, Otis. Duties and Liabilities of Sheriffs, re 
 vised and enlarged, Albany, 1845, 8vo. See 5 Am. Law 
 Mag., 456. 
 
 Allen, Paul, 1775-1826, was born at Providence, R. 
 I. He graduated at Brown University in 1796. He was 
 a contributor to the Phila. Port Folio, the United States 
 Gazette, and The Portico, (associated with Pierpout and 
 
ALL 
 
 Neal.) He was also an editor of the Federal Republican 
 at Baltimore, of the Journal of the Times, and of the 
 Morning Chronicle. He was employed to prepare for the 
 press the travels of Lewis and Clarke. He had long pro 
 mised a History of the American Revolution, and a large 
 subscription had been secured. It at last appeared in his 
 name, but was written by John Neal and Mr. Watkin. 
 His principal poem has been commended as possessing 
 " simplicity and feeling." He published Original Poems, 
 Serious and Entertaining, 1801. Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. 
 
 His poem of Noah was pub. 1821, in 5 cantos : it origin 
 ally consisted of 25 ; but, having been placed in the hands 
 of Mr. Neal for revision, he judiciously reduced it to its 
 present dimensions. 
 
 Allen, R. 1. Doctrine of the Gospel, 1606. 2. On 
 Proverbs, 1612. 
 
 Allen, R. 1. Singing of Psalms, 1696. 2. Sermons, 
 1675-1702. 
 
 Allen, R. Great Importance of Havannah, Lon., 
 1712-62. 
 
 Allen, or Alleine, Richard. An Antidote against 
 Heresy, Lon., 1648. 
 
 Allen, Robt. Christian Beneficence, Lon., 1660. 
 
 Allen, Robert. 1. Forms of Wills, Lon., 12mo. 2. 
 Prac. Com. Law Courts, 1841, 12mo. 3. Insolvent Debtors' 
 Court, 1839, 12mo. 
 
 Allen, T. Expedient rel. to Ch. of England, 1 Pet. 
 v. 1-4, 1719. 
 
 Allen, Thomas. 1. History and Antiquities of the 
 Parish and Palace of Lambeth, Lon., 1824-27, 8vo, and 
 also 4to. 2. History and Antiquities of London, Ac., 1827 
 -29, 5 vols. 8vo. 3. History of the County of York, 1829, 
 6 vols. 8vo. 4. History of the County of Lincoln, 2 vols. 
 4to. 5. History of the County of Surrey, 8vo. 6. History 
 of the Counties of Surrey and Sussex, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Allen, Sir T. A work rel. to the Pirates of Algiers, 1670. 
 
 Allen, or Alleyn,Thos., 1542-1632, celebrated for his 
 knowledge of mathematics and astrology, was one of the 
 most noted men of his day. He wrote, 1. Claudii Ptolemei 
 Pelusiensis de Astrorum judiciis aut, ut vulgo vocant, 
 quadripartite constructionis, Liber secundus, cum Expo- 
 sitione. Th. Alleyn Angli Oxoniensis. 2. Ejusdem Lib. 
 Tertius. These works in MS. fell into the hands of Lilly, 
 who gave them, in 1652, to Elias Ashmole. He likewise 
 wrote notes on many of Lilly's books, and some on John 
 Bale's book, De Scriptoribus Maj. Britanniae. He was 
 born at Uttoxeter, in Staffordshire, being descended, through 
 six generations, from Henry Allen, or Alan, Lord of the 
 Manor of Buckenhall. 
 
 "In 1561, he was admitted scholar of Trinity College, Oxford, 
 and in 1563, Master of Arts. . . . Being thus accomplished with 
 various sorts of learning, he was several times invited to the 
 houses of princes and noblemen, not only of his nation, but of 
 others. Robert, Earl of Leicester, had a particular esteem for Mr. 
 Allen. It is certain the earl placed such confidence in Mr. Allen, 
 that nothing material in the state was transacted without his 
 knowledge. ... He was also highly respected by other famous men 
 of his time, as Sir Thomas Bodley, Sir Henry Saville, Mr. Camden, 
 Sir Robt. Cotton, Sir Henry Spelman, Mr. Selden, &c."Biog. Brit. 
 
 Allen, Thos., 1572-1636, a clergyman, and literary 
 friend of Sir Henry Saville, was probationer fellow of 
 Merton College, Oxf. Observationes in Libellum Chrysos- 
 tomi in Esaiam. 
 
 "He entered into the sacred function, but instead of frequent 
 
 reaching, he exercised himself much in crabbed and critical learn- 
 :ig. He was one that helped Sir H. Saville in making and fram 
 ing his Annotations on Chrysostome's Homilies, on Matthew and 
 the other Evangelists, as he doth acknowledge in his preface to the 
 said Annotations, wherein he styles this our author Vir doctrissi- 
 mus, Graecorum literarum non minus quam Theologiae peritissimus, 
 &c." ANTHONY WOOD. 
 
 Allen, Thos. The Excellency of the Royal Hands' 
 Handy Work, Lon., 1665. 
 
 Allen, Thos., 1608-1673, a Nonconformist minister, 
 born and stationed at Norwich. In 1636, Bishop Wren 
 silenced him for refusing to read the disgraceful Book of 
 Sports. Chain of Scripture Chronology, from the Creation 
 to the Death of Christ in seven periods, Lon., 1639. 
 Preface to Shepard's work on Liturgies. The Glory of 
 Christ, Ac. 
 
 Allen, or Allein, or Alleine, Thos., 1682P-1755, 
 died while reading prayers in his church, at Kettering, 
 Northamp. The Practice of a Holy Life, Ac., Lon., 1716. 
 The Christian's Sure Guide to Eternal Life : both trans 
 lated into the Russian language. He wrote a number of 
 other works. 
 
 Allen, Thos., 1743-1810, first minister of Pitts- 
 field, Mass. 1. Sermon on the death of Elizabeth White j 
 1798. 2. On the death of Moses Allen ; 1801. 3. On the 
 death of Anna Collins j 1803. 4. On the death of his son, 
 54 
 
 ALL 
 
 Thos. Allen, Jr. ; 1806. 5. Election Sermon ; 1808. Some 
 of his letters were published in Edin. Miss. Mag. for Oct., 
 Nov., and Dec., 1799. 
 
 Allen, Thos., M.D. History and Description of a Her 
 maphrodite, in a Latin letter, Phil. Trans. Abr. i. 223, 1668. 
 
 Allen, W., D.D. Religious works, Lon., 1673-1703. 
 
 Allen, Wm. A Glass of Justification, Lon., 1658, 
 1660. A Relation of the Gratious Release of Mrs. Huish 
 from the Tempter, Lon., 1658. 
 
 Allen, Wm. Under this name was published in 1659, 
 the celebrated tract entitled, Killing no Murder, with some 
 additions fit for Public View, to deter and prevent Single 
 Persons and Councils from Usurping Supreme Power. 
 This tract has been attributed both to Colonel Silas Titus 
 and to Colonel Sexby. It invited all patriots to assassina 
 tion, proclaiming that the greatest benefit any Englishman 
 could render his country would be to murder Cromwell. 
 A copy was thrown into the Protector's coach, and it is 
 said that he afterwards always carried loaded pistols, and 
 never knew another moment's peace. 
 
 Allen, Wm. Ways and Means, Ac., Value of Land, 
 Lon., 1736. 
 
 Allen, Wm. Ascension Sermon, Ex. xx. 16, 1743. 
 
 Allen, Wm., pub. an edition of the Twelve Orations 
 by which Demosthenes endeavoured to animate the Athe 
 nians with the spirit of liberty. 
 
 " This edition (1757) is allowed to possess much merit." Watt's 
 Bib. Brit. 
 
 Allen, Wm., 1770-1843, a distinguished member of 
 the Society of Friends, elected Fellow Roy. Soc., 1807, and 
 contrib. many valuable papers to the Society's Phil. 
 Trans., being the results of his more important chemical 
 investigations. See Life and Corresp., Lon., 3 vols. 8vo; 
 Memoir by Jas. Sherman, new ed., p. 8vo, 1857 ; Pharma 
 ceutical Jour, and Trans., Feb. 1844. 
 
 Allen, William, D.D., b. Jan. 2, 1784, at Pittsfield, 
 Mass., son of Rev. Thos. Allen, first minister of Pittsfield, 
 (q. v.); grad. at Harvard Coll., 1802; was Pres. of Bow- 
 doin Coll., 1820-39, at which time he resigned. He was 
 successor of Dr. Channing as a Regent in Harvard Coll. 
 While in that office he prepared the first edition of his 
 American Biographical and Historical Dictionary, pub. 
 1809, containing notices of about 700 Americans. This 
 was the first book of general biography issued in the U.S. ; 
 2d ed., 1832, contained more than 1800 names; 3d ed., 
 Bost., 1857, r. 8vo, contains the names of 7000 Americans 
 more or less distinguished. In 1807 he prepared the lives 
 of American ministers for the Rev. David Bogue's History 
 of Dissenters, Lon., 1809, 3 vols. Svo ; 1812, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 He made a collection of more than 10,000 words not found 
 in the dictionaries of the English language, 1500 being 
 contributed to Worcester's Dictionary in 1846, 4000 to 
 Webster's in 1854, and 6000 for the projected new ed. of 
 Webster. Baccalaureate Addresses, 1823-29. Junius Un 
 masked, to prove that Lord Sackville was the real Junius, 
 Bost., 1828, 12mo : see JUNIUS. Accounts of Shipwrecks ; 
 Psalms and Hymns, with many Original Hymns, 1835. 
 Memoir of John Codman, 1853. Historical Discourse on 
 the Fortieth Anniversary of the Second Church in Dor 
 chester, 1848. Discourse at the Close of the Second 
 Century of the Settlement of Northampton, Mass., 1854. 
 Wunnissoo, or The Vale Hoosatunnuk ; a Poem, with 
 learned Notes, 1856. He is the author of the biographical 
 articles, in Dr. Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit, 
 on John Wise, John Graham, Eleazer Wheelock, and 
 Thomas Allen. We are indebted to Dr. Allen's Bio 
 graphical Diet, for many facts relating to the early Ame 
 rican authors. See Appleton's New Amer. Cyc., vol. i. 
 
 Allen, Wm. Views of the River Niger, Lon., ob. 4to. 
 Views in the Island of Ascension, imp. 4to. Dead Sea: a 
 New Route to India, 2 vols. cr. Svo, 1855. In conjunction with 
 Mr. Thompson, Expedition to the Niger, 1841, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Allen, Wm. Minutes for Gent. Yeomanry, Lon., 1798. 
 
 Allen, Wm. Chem. Con. to Phil. Trans., Ac., 1807-9. 
 
 Allen, Wm. Grammatical works, Lon., 1813-15. 
 
 Allen, Wm. See ALAN, W. 
 
 Allen, Z., b. 1796, at Providence, R. I. Science of 
 Mechanics, 1829, Svo. Travels in Europe, 2 vols. Svo. 
 Philosophy of the Mechanics of Nature, 1852, Svo. 
 
 Allestree, Chas. Sermons, Judg. v. 31; Num. xxiii. 
 10, 1685-95. 
 
 Allestree, Richard, D.D., 1619-1681, was Provost 
 of Eton, and Regius Professor of Divinity in the University 
 of Oxford. Privileges of the University of Oxford, Ac., 
 1647. Sermons pub. 1660, 66, 73, and 84. 18 Sermons, 
 1669 ; 40 Sermons before the King, Ac., 1684. Dr. Pri- 
 deaux was of opinion that the books 
 
ALL 
 
 " Assigned ferroneously, he thought,] to the same author, as 
 The Whole Duty of Man, were written by Bp. Fell and Dr. Alles- 
 tree. ... As to what Bp. Fell says in a folio edition at Oxford, in 
 which all these books are comprised together, where he mentions 
 the author as lately dead, it was generally understood to be meant 
 of Dr. Allestree, who was then lately deceased. ... Of Dr. Alles- 
 tree's writing there is a folio volume of sermons, which may be 
 compared with these treatises." IfichoWs Literary Anecdotes. 
 
 " He was a person richly furnished with all variety of rich and 
 solid learning, requisite to recommend them with the greatest ad 
 vantage to the more intelligent world for one of the most eminent 
 divines of our age." Wood's At hen. Oxon. 
 
 Allestree, Thos. Funeral Hdkf. and three sers.,1691. 
 
 Allestry, Jacob, 1653-1686, author of several pieces 
 in the Examen Poeticum; one of the many poetical vic 
 tims to dissipation. 
 
 Allet, Thos. Sermon on the Funeral of H. Clements, 
 with the Christian Support under the Loss of Friends, 
 2 Sam. xii. 22, Lon., 1720. 
 
 Alley, Sir Geo., M.D. 1. An Essay on a Peculiar 
 Eruptive Disease, arising from the Exhibition of Mercury; 
 Illustrated with Cases, taken at the Westmoreland Lock 
 Hospital, Dublin ; Dubl., 1804. 2. Observations on the 
 Hydrargyria, or that Vesicular Disease arising from the 
 Exhibition of Mercury, Lon., 1810. 
 
 Alley, Jerome, b. 1760. Political and religious works, 
 Lon., 1778-1806. 
 
 Alley, Peter. The Tears of the Muses, Lon., 1794. 
 
 Alley, William, D.D., 1512?-1570, consecrated 
 Bishop of Exeter, 1560, translated the Pentateuch for 
 Archbishop Parker's Bible. He was educated at Eton; 
 thence, in 1582, he went to King's Coll., Camb., where he 
 took the degree of B.A., and removed thence to Oxford. 
 He wrote a Hebrew Grammar, and was author of the 
 Poor Man's Library ; being Rhapsodies of Preelections on 
 1st Epist. St. Peter, 2 vols. fol. Lon., 1571. 
 
 " He was a person universally learned, especially in Divinity 
 and in the Tongues, preached almost every Holyday, and read a 
 lecture every day while he lived at Exeter." Wood's Atfien. Oxon. 
 
 He became lecturer in St. Paul's ; I say lecturer, which name, 
 though since it hath sounded ill in some jealous ears, as infected 
 with faction, was an ancient office founded in some cathedrals, to 
 read divinity there ; and this Master Alley's learned lectures (ac 
 cording to that age) are extant in print. ... He Heth buried 
 under a fair marble in his own cathedral." FuUer's Worthies. 
 
 Alleyn, J. Episcopacy the Great Bond of Union, 
 Ephes. iv. 11-13, 1701. Unanimity in the Truth a Neces 
 sary Duty, with the Means of Acquiring it, Rom. xv. 5, 
 6, 1707. 
 
 Alleyne, J. Leg. Decrees of Marriage, &c., Lon., 1774. 
 
 Alleyne, J., M.D. New Eng. Dispensatory, Lon., 1733. 
 
 Alleyne, or Alleyn. See ALLEX. 
 
 Allibond, John, D.D., died 1658, son of Rev. Peter 
 Allibond, was of Magd. Coll., Oxford, where his father 
 had preceded him. Anthony Wood gives him a high cha 
 racter as a scholar and a divine : 
 
 " This worthy Doctor, who was a Buckinghamshire Man born, 
 and lately the chief master of the Free School joyning to Magd. 
 Coll., was a most excellent Latin poet and philologist, and hath 
 published Rustica Academics Oxoniensis nuper Reformatse de- 
 scriptio : una cum comitiis ibidem, 1648 habitis. 'Tis a Latin poem, 
 and was twice printed in 1648. He died at Bradwell in Glouces 
 tershire, (of which place he was rector,) an. 1658." 
 
 Of the above satire now very rare on the Parliament 
 ary Visitors, a MS. Key is referred to in Wood's Fasti, by 
 Bliss, ii., 69. 
 
 " A Latin poem of exquisite humour, twice printed in 1648 ; re 
 printed in 1705, fol.; and again with an Hudibrastic translation 
 by Edward Ward, in the fifth volume of Somers's Collection of 
 Tracts. A very curious copy, with a complete Key in MS., is to 
 be found in Wood's study, No. 423." LOWNDES. 
 
 Allibond, Peter, 1560-1629, father of the preceding. 
 
 " An ingenious man in the opinion of all who knew him, was 
 born at Wardenten. near to Banbury in Oxfordshire, where his 
 name and family had for some generations lived, became a student 
 of Magd. Hall in the beginning of 1578, aged 18 years or there 
 abouts, took the degree in Arts, travelled for some time beyond 
 the seas, and, on his return, became Rector of Cheyneys in Bucks, 
 where, continuing many years, did much improve the ignorant 
 with his sound doctrine. What he hath written I know not, nor 
 translations which he hath made, only these two from French into 
 English: 1. Comfort for an Afflicted Conscience, wherein is con 
 tained both consolation and instruction for the sick, &c., Lon., 
 1591, Oct., written by John do L'Espine. 2. Confutation of the 
 Popish Transubstantiation, together with a Narration how that 
 the Mass was at sundry times patched and pieced by sundry Popes, 
 fee., Lon., 1592. And a translation from Latin into English, en 
 titled The Golden Chain of Salvation, Lon., 1604, qu., written by 
 Harman Renecher." Wood's Athen. Oxon 
 
 Allies, T. W. 1. Church of England Cleared from the 
 Charge of Schism, Lon., 8vo. 2. Journal in France in 
 1845, '48, 8vo. 3. Name and Office of St. Peter, 8vo. 4. 
 Royal Supremacy, 8vo. 5. See of St. Peter, 8vo. 6. Ser 
 mons on Romans, 8vo. 
 
 Allin, Abby, of Pomfret, Connecticut. Home Bal- 
 
 ALL 
 
 lads : a Book for New Englanders, 1850. A contributor to 
 several periodicals under the signature of " Nilla." 
 
 " The writings of Miss Allan are filled with warm sympathies for 
 the working-day world : she has a cheerful, hopeful philosophy. 
 . . . The expression of these feelings makes her ballads popular." 
 Woman's Record. 
 
 Allingham. Mathematical works, &c., Lon., 1710-14. 
 
 Allingham, J. Till. Fortune's Frolics, 1799. 
 
 " There is both fun and morality in this entertainment." Biog. 
 Eh-am. 
 
 Other pieces, pub. Lon., 1803-05. 
 
 Allingham, W Poems, Lon., 12mo. Music-Master, 
 Ac. ; new ed., 1857, 12mo. 
 
 Allington, John. Sermons, pub. Lon., 1655-78. 
 
 Allison, B. Con. to Amer. Trans., v. 87, 1800 ; ib., 87. 
 
 Allison, F., 1705-1777, Presby. minister in Phila. 
 Serin, on Eph. iv. 7, 1758. 
 
 Allison, P., of Pa., d. 1802. Treatises on Liberty, Ac. 
 
 Allison, R. The Ps. of Dauidin Metre, Ac., Lon., 1599. 
 
 Allison, T. Voyage from Archangel in Russia, in 
 1697, Ac., Lon., 1699. See Pinkerton's Voyages and Tra 
 vels, vol. i. 
 
 Allix, Peter, 1641-1717. This eminent divine and 
 profound scholar became so completely Anglicised, and 
 reflected so much credit upon the land of his adoption, 
 that we are willing to make an exception in his case, as we 
 have done in some few others, and give him a place in our 
 register. He was born at Alencon in France, and stationed 
 in the principal church of the Reformed at Charenton near 
 Paris. The Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, in 1685, 
 drove him to England, where he became the pastor of a 
 French congregation in conformity with the Established 
 Church. He was profoundly versed in Hebrew and classi 
 cal literature. His works are very numerous. Reflexions 
 on the Books of the Holy Scripture, &c., Lon., 1688. 
 
 " These Reflections are not in the form of a continued commen 
 tary on the Bible; but take up what may be called the spirit of it, 
 under distinct heads, chiefly with a view, as the title expresses it, 
 to establish the divine origin of Christianity. They were pub 
 lished in French about the same time [1687] that they appeared in 
 English. They were also translated into German, and published 
 at Nuremberg in 1702." ORME: Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " These Reflexions have always been held in great repute for the 
 plainness and erudition with which they are written." BISHOP 
 WATSON. 
 
 The Judgment of the Ancient Jewish Church against 
 the Unitarians, Lon., 1699. 
 
 " It affords much curious and interesting information on those 
 passages of the Old Testament which have been supposed to con 
 tain the doctrine of the Trinity. He successfully shows, that if 
 the ancient Jews were not strictly Trinitarians, they were firm 
 believers of a plurality in the Godhead." ORME. 
 
 " It is not remarkable for accurate statement or judicious rea 
 soning." DR. SMITH. 
 
 "A noble storehouse of arguments to confound the Jews by 
 proving that Jesus Christ is the Messiah; and at the same time to 
 put all the Free-thinkers to silence." DR. WOTTON. 
 
 The Book of Psalms, Ac., Lon., 1701. 
 " Of no great value. It is too brief to be satisfactory, either to 
 the critic or the lover of practical exposition." ORME. 
 
 Diatriba de anno et Mense Natali Jesu Christi, etc., Lon., 
 1710. 
 
 " In this Latin tract, Allix endeavours to show that the Messiah 
 was born not in winter, but in the spring." ORME. 
 
 Allman, Wm. Math. Con. to Phil, and Irish Soc. 
 Trans., 1814/Ac. 
 
 Allnut, A. C. Poverty, and other Poems, Lon., 1801. 
 
 Alliiut, G. S. Practice of Wills, 12mo. 
 
 Allnut, Z. Treatises on Navigation, Lon., 1806-10. 
 
 Allot, Robert, is believed to have been the compiler 
 of a very curious and valuable volume of early poetry, 
 which had a large share in the remarkable development of 
 BIBLIOMANIA which characterized the first quarter of the 
 present century. England's Parnassus; or the choycest 
 Flowers of our Modern Poets, with their Poeticall compa 
 risons. Descriptions of Bewties, Personages, Castles, Pal- 
 laces, Mountaines, Groues, Seas, Springs, Rivers, Ac. 
 Whereunto are annexed other various discourses, both 
 pleasant and profitable. Imprinted at London, for N. L., 
 C. B., and T. H., 1600. 
 
 Of Allot's history nothing is now known. We find a 
 surmise in Brydges' Restituta, (vol. iii, 234,) that he was the 
 Robert Allot who was Fellow of St. John's College in 1599. 
 With regard to the Parnassus, as it " has preserved portions 
 of many scarce poets, whose very names, without such care, 
 might have probably sunk into oblivion, it must ever rank 
 as a book both valuable and curious." Wood seems to have 
 attributed this collection to Charles Fitz-Geffrey : 
 
 " He hath also made, as 'tis said, A Collection of choice Flowers 
 and Descriptions, as well out of his, as the works of several others, 
 the most renowned Poets of our Nation: collected about the be- 
 
 
 55 
 
ALL 
 
 ALS 
 
 23. Gervase Markham. 
 
 24. Christopher Marlowe. 
 
 25. John Marston. 
 
 26. Christopher Middleton. 
 
 27. Thomas Nash. 
 
 28. Oxford, Earl of. 
 
 29. George Peele. 
 
 30. Matthew Roydon. 
 
 31. Sackville, Lord Buckhurst. 
 
 32. William Shakspeare. 
 
 33. Edmund Spenser. 
 
 34. Thomas Storer. 
 
 35. Surrey. Earl of. 
 
 36. Sir Philip Sidney. 
 
 37. Joshua Sylvester. 
 
 38. George Tuberville. 
 
 39. William Warner. 
 
 40. Thomas Watson. 
 
 41. John Weever. 
 
 42. William Weever. 
 
 43. Sir Thomas Wyatt. 
 
 ginning of the reign of K. James I ; but this, tho' I have been many 
 years seeking after, yet I cannot get a sight of it." Athen. Oxm. 
 " It is valuable not only on account of its variety, but also on 
 account of its intrinsic worth as a Compilation pretty ingeniously 
 executed." Watt's Bib. Brit. 
 
 A copy is priced in the Bib. Anglo-Poetica 20, and one 
 was sold in the Roxburghe sale, (3171,) for 21. Having 
 been reprinted by Mr. Park in the Heliconia, " the reprints 
 have pulled down the prices more than one peg." Dibdin. 
 
 " Had the editor of this curious volume, besides citing the names 
 of his authors, added the titles of the works from which he culled 
 bis specimens, an infinity of trouble would have been saved to 
 subsequent research ; yet the deficiency has served, in a peculiar 
 manner, to mark the successful progress of modern bibliography. 
 When Oldys wrote his preface to Hayward's British Muse, which 
 was fif-st published in 1738, he complains grievously of this omis 
 sion, observing that most of Allot's poets ' were now so obsolete 
 that not knowing what they wrote, we can have no recourse to 
 their works, if still extant.' Since this sentence was written, such 
 has been the industry of our literary antiquaries, that almost every 
 poem which Allot laid under contribution in forming his volume, 
 has been ascertained, and rendered accessible to the curious in 
 quirer; and so far from the writers being obsolete, after nearly 
 eighty years have been added to their antiquity, we may venture 
 to affirm that, excepting about half a dozen, they are as familiar 
 to us as the poets of the present reign." Drake's Shakspeare and 
 His Times. 
 
 The contributors to England's Parnassus were the fol 
 lowing : 
 
 1. Thomas Achelly. 
 
 2. Thomas Bastard. 
 
 3. George Chapman. 
 
 4. Thomas Churchyard. 
 
 5. Henry Constable. 
 
 6. Samuel Daniel. 
 
 7. John Davies. 
 
 8. Thomas Dekkar. 
 
 9. Michael Drayton. 
 
 10. Edmund Fairfax. 
 
 11. Charles Fitz-Geffrey. 
 
 12. Abraham Fraunce. 
 
 13. George Gascoigne. 
 
 14. Edward Gilpin. 
 
 15. Robert Greene. 
 
 16. Sir John Harrington. 
 
 17. John Higgins. 
 
 18. Thomas Hudson. 
 
 19. James, King of Scots. 
 
 20. Benjamin Jonson. 
 
 21. Thomas Kyd. 
 
 22. Thomas Lodge. 
 
 "Robert Allot is a joint sonneteer with E. Gilpin before Mark- 
 ham's ' Devereux,' 1597. They were probably friends, and though 
 Gilpin's name occurs in no other book, he is not unfrequently 
 quoted in England's Parnassus. This affords some slight confir 
 mation that Allot was the compiler of it." Chttier's I*bet. Decameron. 
 
 Oldys has taken to task the judgment of the editor in 
 his selection of authors and extracts ; but Warton, a far 
 higher authority, declares that, 
 
 " The method is judicious, the extracts copious, and made with 
 a degree of taste." 
 
 Allott, R. Sermon before H. of Commons. Fast-Day. 
 1806. 
 
 Allston,\Vashington, 1779-1843. This distinguished 
 artist was the author of a number of poetical and prose 
 compositions. He was born in Georgetown, South Caro 
 lina, and entered Harvard College in 1796. In 1813 he 
 published in London, a volume entitled, The Sylphs of the 
 Seasons and other Poems, which seems to have passed un 
 noticed in the multitude of works issuing from the London 
 press. The principal portion of the contents of this vol 
 ume had been perused and much admired in MS. by Mr. 
 Allston's friends in Boston. The volume is made up of 
 quite a number of poems, the largest containing between 
 six and seven hundred lines. 
 
 " Mr. Allston's versification is peculiarly easy, and seems thrown 
 put with as little effort as it is read. With all his ease, however, he 
 is always musical, and we have only to object to a loose line here and 
 there. ... Our author's language is all good, but is not strictly 
 the poetical language; and we should think that he had not been 
 a wide and constant reader of the old English poets. ... We 
 would advise our readers to make themselves acquainted with it 
 They certainly will find it worthy their pride, in the general poverty 
 of literature in our country." North American Review, vol. v. 365. 
 
 The Romance of Monaldi, which had been written twenty 
 years before, and intended as a contribution to Mr. Dana's 
 Idle Man, was published in 1841, anonymously. Monaldi 
 is a graduate of the Othello school, infuriated by iealousy, 
 and determined himself to become a murderer, because he 
 imagines his wife to be unfaithful. The Rev. Dr. Griswold 
 remarks with reference to Mr. Allston's style : 
 
 " All the specimens that I have seen of his prose indicate a re 
 markable command of language, great descriptive powers, and rare 
 philosophical as well as imaginative talent." 
 
 The North American Review speaks in high terms of 
 the literary character of Monaldi : 
 56 
 
 "We have often pored over Allston's pages to admire the grace 
 and delicacy of his English poetical style. This book is equally 
 remarkable for its rich and harmonious prose. The nice selection 
 of epithets, the faultless arrangement of the members of the sen 
 tences, and the rhythmical cadence to which thought and expres 
 sion seem to move united, combine to make it one of the most 
 finished works in American literature." Vol. liv. 397. 
 
 Mr. Allston was distinguished for his conversational 
 powers and amiability of deportment, as well as for artistic 
 genius and literary taste. " His tongue wrought on his 
 associates and acquaintances like an enchanter's spell, 
 preventing their taking any note of time ; and the small 
 hours would be close upon them before they had thought 
 of retiring." See Lectures on Art, and Poems, by Wash 
 ington Allston, edited by R. H. Dana, Jr., New York, 
 1850, 12mo. 
 
 Allwood, P. Literary Antiquities of Greece, fcc. 
 Lon., 1794. 12 Lectures on the Prophecies, Ac., Lon., 1815. 
 
 Allyn. See ALAN and ALLEN. 
 
 Almon, Mr., and T. Dawkes, Phil. Trans., Abr. ix., 
 95, 1745. 
 
 Almon, and Debrett. Parliamentary Register, 1743-74, 
 Lon., 11 vols. 2d Ed., with additions, Lon., 1792, 7 vols. 
 
 Almon, John, 1738-1805, combined the three pro 
 fessions in London, of Bookseller, Author, and Editor. 
 He pub. a number of political tracts of a violent character, 
 some of which he is supposed to have written. Anecdotes 
 of Lord Chatham, 1792, often reprinted. Biographical, 
 Literary, and Political Anecdotes, 1797. 
 
 " This work, though partial, is interesting, as containing many 
 curious particulars of the political characters and contests of the 
 day." LOWNDES. 
 
 Almond. Mistery of Godliness, Lon., 1671. 
 
 Almond, R. English Horseman, <fec., Lon., 1673. 
 
 Alsop, Ann. Letters to Rev. T. Edmonds, Lon., 1801. 
 
 Alsop, Anthony, d. 1726, was elected from West 
 minster to Christ Church, where he became censor, M.A., 
 1696, B. D., 1706. Fabularum JEsopicarum Delectus, 
 Oxon., 1698. Antonii Alsopi ^Edis Christi Olim Alumni 
 Odarum libro duo, 1751. He made use of the Sapphic 
 numbers in his familiar correspondence, in which 
 " he showed a facility so uncommon and a style so natural and 
 easy that he has not been unjustly esteemed inferior only to hia 
 master Horace." Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. 
 
 Concerning the notable controversy on the Epistles of 
 Phalaris we shall have more to say hereafter. See BENT- 
 LEY, DR. ; BOYLE, CHARLES, EARL OF ORRERY, <fcc. 
 
 Alsop, Benj. Theolog. Works, Lon., 1675-90. 
 
 Alsop, Geo. The Character of the Province of Mary 
 land, Lon., 1666. A rare work. Sernis., Ac., 1669-70. 
 
 Alsop, John, 1776-1841, brother of Richard Alsop, 
 and a poet of some taste. See specimens in Everest's Poets 
 of Connecticut. 
 
 Alsop, N. Sermons, pub. Lon., 1682-90. 
 
 Alsop, Richard, 1761-1815, a native of Middleton, 
 Connecticut, was a poet of some note. He was the prin 
 cipal of the " Hartford wits," including Theodore Dwight, 
 Hopkins, Trumbull, <fcc., who wrote the satire entitled The 
 Echo, pub. in a vol. in 1807. He translated several pieces 
 from the French and Italian, and wrote a Monody on the 
 Death of Washington, which was received with great 
 favour, and was published at Hartford, Conn., in 1800. 
 See Duyckincks' Cyc. Amer. Lit. ; also Everest's Poets of 
 Connecticut. Edited Captivity and Adventures of J. R. 
 Jewett among the Savages of Nootka Sound, 1815. 
 
 Alsop, Vincent, d. 1703, an English Nonconformist 
 minister, pub. some Theolog. Works, Lon., 1679-98, the 
 principal of which was a witty reply to Sherlock, entitled 
 Anti Sozzo, a Vindication of some Great Truths opposed 
 by W. Sherlock, Ac., 1675. 
 
 " Sherlock's Discourse concerning the knowledge of Jesus Christ, 
 tending to Socinian views, and marking the low divinity of the 
 times, produced two valuable replies the one above by Alsop, and 
 the other by Edward Polhill, both in 1675. South also published 
 animadversions." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 "He had a flowing fancy, and his wit was excellent." 
 " A second Alsop for polemic skill." DUNTON. 
 
 Alston, (has., 1682-1760, an eminent botanist and 
 physician, " is to be looked upon as one of the founders 
 of the celebrity of the Edinburgh School of Medicine, 
 acting in concert with Monro, Rutherford, Sinclair, and 
 Plummer." He wrote a number of works on Medicine 
 and Botany, pub. Edin. 1740-54. Dr. John Hope gives 
 him a character worthy of the imitation of every physician 
 and instructor of the young. 
 
 " As a man, he was candid, upright, and sincere; learned in his 
 profession, and humane; as a professor, communicative, and know 
 ing no greater pleasure than to form the minds of his pupils in 
 such a manner as to render them able in their profession, and 
 useful members of society." 
 
ALS 
 
 Alston, J. W. Treatise on Painting, Lon., 1804. 
 
 Altham, Arthur, or perhaps Michael. Vindication 
 of the Ch. of England, against the Ch. of Rome, &c., 
 1686 ; and other controversial works. 
 
 Althan, Roger, D.D. Sermons, pub. Lon., 1712-32. 
 
 Alton. Sermon on Mark iv. 9, Lon., 1767. 
 
 Alton, John D'. Dermid, <fcc., a Poem, Lon., 1815. 
 
 Alurcdis, Alredis. See ALFRED OP BEVERLY. 
 
 Alves, Robt., d. 1794, a Scottish Poet and miscella 
 neous writer. His principal work is the Sketches of the 
 History of Literature, <fec., Edin., 1794. 
 
 Alvey, Thos. A Medical Work, Lon., 1680. 
 
 Alynton, Robt. Libellus Sophistarum, Lon., per W. 
 de Worde, 1525, 4to. 
 
 Dibdin notices five editions of this work ; three by W. 
 de Worde, and two by Pynson. Typ. Antiquities. 
 
 Aiimntl, Geo. St. A work upon Parliament,Lon.l725. 
 
 Ambler, Chas. Reports of Chancery Cases, &c., 
 Lon., 1790. 
 
 " This vol. consists of cases in Lord Hardwicke's time, with a 
 few later determinations in the Court of Chancery, and fills up 
 the time between Lord Hardwickeand Lord Thurlow." LOWNDES. 
 
 Ambrose, Isaac, d. 1664. In 1641 he joined the 
 Presbyterians, having been one of the King's preachers. 
 He pub. a number of practical religious works, Lon., 1649- 
 62. He has many devout and admirable thoughts ; bor 
 rows from Bishop Hall. 
 
 " The Ministration and Communion with Angels is a devotional 
 and edifying work, but sometimes fanciful." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Looking unto Jesus, 1658. 
 
 " Very experimental and practical, and deserving a devout pe- 
 
 rU Ambross, Miss. Life of Miss Catley, Ac., Lon., 1790. 
 
 Amerie, Robt. Chester's Triumph in Honour of 
 her Prince, as it was performed upon St. George's Day, 
 1610, in the foresaid citie, Lon., 1610, 4to. Sold in Dent's 
 sale for 7.10. Rhodes, 8.12. 
 
 Ames. The Double Descent, a Poem, Lon., 1692. 
 
 Ames, Edwd., Bp. of Cork and Ross. Pub. sermons 
 on 2 Sam. xv. 11, and on Heb. xii. 14, Lon., 1682. 
 
 Ames, Fisher, 1758-1808, born in Dedham, Massa 
 chusetts, was a leading statesman during the administra 
 tion of General Washington. Rev. Dr. Kirkland published 
 some of his essays, speeches, Ac. in 1809. He was elected 
 President of Harvard College in 1804, but his ill health 
 obliged him to decline the post. His speech in relation to 
 the British Treaty, delivered in 1796, has been much com 
 mended. He drew his eloquence from the best source. 
 " I will hazard the assertion," he remarks, 
 
 " That no man ever did or ever will become truly eloquent, with 
 out being a constant reader of the Bible, and an admirer of the 
 purity and sublimity of its language." 
 
 The Works of Fisher Ames ; with a Selection from his 
 Speeches and Correspondence, edited by his Son, Seth 
 Ames, 2 vols. 8vo. with portrait, 1854. 
 
 " We congratulate the public on possessing the works of one of so 
 elevated a genius and so pure a fame, in a form which must satisfy 
 the most fastidious taste." Christian Examiner. 
 
 " These volumes, as was the man, are an honour to our country ; 
 and they will be extensively read by old men and young men, 
 especially those in political life and of the legal profession. The 
 numerous letters in the first volume are rich in information relat 
 ing to the origin and early history of our government." Norton's 
 Gazette. 
 
 " It is a very substantial addition to the political literature of 
 the country." W. C. BRYANT. 
 
 Ames, Joseph, 1689-1759, an ironmonger in London, 
 gained deserved celebrity and commendation by his excel 
 lent Typographical Antiquities ; being an Historical Ac 
 count of Printing in England, with some Memoirs of 
 our ancient Printers, and a Register of the Books printed 
 by them from the year 1471 to 1600 ; with an Appendix 
 concerning Printing in Scotland and Ireland, to the same 
 time, Lon., 1749. The Rev. Mr. Lewis, who had been 
 collecting materials for a History of Printing in England, 
 urged Mr. Ames to undertake the task. The latter was 
 unwilling to accede to this proposition, doubting his com 
 petency, and being aware that Mr. Palmer was occupied 
 with the same design. Mr. Palmer's work, The General 
 History of Printing, <fec., appeared in 1732, and so much 
 disappointed the expectations of those conversant with the 
 subject, that Mr. Ames determined to take the matter in 
 hand. It should be stated that Mr. Palmer did not live to 
 complete his book. The portion relating to the English 
 printers was written by George Psalmanaazar of" Formosa" 
 celebrity: the Scotch and Irish printers were not noticed 
 at all. Mr. Ames had most valuable aid in his undertak 
 ing. The good rector of Margate, who had originally 
 urged him to the task, laid his "auld warld" collections at 
 hia feet. The enthusiastic John Anstis, Garter King-at- 
 
 AME 
 
 arms, that " boast of heraldry," who had devoted his days 
 and nights to poring over the dusty scrolls of antiquity, 
 
 " Their ample page, 
 
 Rich with the spoils of time, did now unroll" 
 to the edification and vast delight of our learned man of 
 iron. That prince of literary baronets, Sir Hans Sloane, 
 permitted him to labour in his library and rest in his 
 garden ; where, after dining on 50,000 books and 3500 
 manuscripts, he could gather his dessert from luscious fruit- 
 trees, weighed down with their golden burden. 
 
 Lord Orford's library was at his command, and the eru 
 dition of many friends, ready to supply knowledge, to cor 
 rect error, and to suggest improvement. Mr. Ames him 
 self had been amassing literary treasures for a quarter of 
 a century. We can imagine with what gratification, after 
 the traffic of the day, he closed his doors at twilight's first 
 haze, and left his iron for his books. Surely Dr. Johnson 
 was right when he said that the happiest life in the world 
 is that of a man of business with a taste for literature ! 
 Always in his library, he might tire even of his books; but 
 obliged to be much apart, like a true lover, he leaves them 
 with regret, and hastens to them with delight. In 1749 
 the Magnum Opus made its appearance. For the times, it 
 was a good book ; and its reception was truly gratifying 
 to the author. It told pretty much what was then known ; 
 but, better still, it set literary miners to work, and by their 
 researches much more was made known. 
 
 Ames modestly declares, 
 
 " I do also ingenuously confess, that in attempting this History 
 of Printing I have undertaken a task much too great for my abili 
 ties, the extent of which I did not so well perceive at first. ... I 
 have at least cleared away the rubbish, and furnished materials 
 towards a more perfect structure." 
 
 Doubtless much of its merit was owing to our friendly 
 Garter, who tells Ames : 
 
 " Use no ceremony in commanding any thing in my power, 
 (1737.) . . . You may without any apology command me, for I 
 have thought it my duty to assist, as far as it is in my power, all 
 who oblige the public." ANSTIS. 
 
 Ames would put down his questions on a folio sheet, and 
 Anstis wrote out answers for him. 
 
 Mr. William Herbert, another literary man of business, 
 was so fortunate as to obtain from Sir Peter Thompson, 
 Ames's own copy of his work, interleaved with a great 
 number of his MS. additions and notes. Herbert zealously 
 devoted himself to preparing a new edition of the Typo 
 graphical Antiquities. He published volume 1st in 1785, 
 volume 2d in 1786, and volume 3d and last in 1790. This 
 was a considerable advance upon the original work, but 
 much was yet required to make a complete History of 
 British Typography. The great objections to Herbert's 
 volumes are their dry technicality and catalogue stiff 
 ness. His accuracy and laborious perseverance cannot 
 be too much commended ; but we want more in a book than 
 precision and faithfulness. We want a volume which can 
 be read not merely consulted. 
 
 Now of all Englishmen who have ever lived, there never 
 was a man better suited to make a dry study attractive, 
 and a learned subject plain, than Dr. Dibdin of Roxburghe 
 memory. This magician could with his pen dress up a 
 begrimed, uncouth-looking volume in more attractive 
 style than could Grolier's binder with his most cunning 
 tools. He could convert "Belindas" and "Almasas" into 
 BIBLIOMANIACS, and make a dry catalogue of old English 
 poetry more attractive than the last novel. It was but 
 necessary for him to apply the epithets " excessively rare," 
 or " exceedingly curious," and the neglected Caxton in your 
 garret would buy you a year's clothing for your household, 
 and the old family Bible would defray your Christmas 
 festivities. We shall have more to say of him in his place. 
 Now, Dr. Dibdin, so exactly fitted to give us a well-digested, 
 accurately arranged, and withal readable and attractive, 
 History of British Typography, undertook the task. Our 
 zealous editor gave no less than 42 for the interleaved 
 Ames we have referred to, and set manfully to work to let 
 the world see what could be done in this department. In 
 1810 the first volume appeared, supported by a most re 
 spectable subscription, headed by Geo. III., the Dukes of 
 York and Kent, and eighteen public libraries. The 2d 
 volume was published in 1812, the 3d in 1816, and the 
 4th in 1820. 
 
 Ames, Samuel. See AKGELL, JOSEPH K. 
 
 Ames, (Amesius,) Wm., 1576-1633, alearned Puri 
 tan divine, was educated at Cambridge, under Dr. Perkins. 
 His strictness gave offence to some in authority at his col 
 lege, and he took the post of chaplain in the English 
 church at the Hague. Afterwards he accepted the divinity 
 chair at Franeker in Friesland, which he filled for twelve 
 
 67 
 
AME 
 
 years. His works, principally casuistical and controver 
 sial, attracted great attention. He wrote chiefly in Latin. 
 Explicatio Utriusque Epistolse St. Petri, Amsterd., 1625, 
 1635. The same in English, Lon., 1641. 
 
 " It is not a critical work, but it gives a very accurate analysis 
 of the two Epistles, and deduces doctrinal observations from them. 
 The theological writers of that age, and especially the Puritans, 
 were generally more remarkable for the accuracy of their logical 
 reasoning, than for their critical or philological speculations." 
 ORME: Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " The productions of Ames are not void of merit, considering 
 the times in which they were written." MOSHEIM. 
 
 " This work deduces doctrines and practice with much clearness. 
 Ames's are valuable writings, both on practical and controversial 
 
 Subjects." BlCKERSTETH. 
 
 He wrote against Dr. Burgess, Fresh Suit against Cere 
 monies, &c., Lon., 1633. 
 
 " Remote from danger, he hath spoken freely against the ceremo 
 nies of the English church." 
 
 Lectiones in Omnes Psalmos Davidis, Amst., 1635 ; 
 
 Lon., 1647. 
 
 " Many excellent thoughts in this exposition." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 "Ames was a judicious and solid divine." ED. LEIQH. 
 
 Amesbury, Joseph. 1. Deformities of the Spine 
 Chest, and Limbs, Lon., 1840, 4to. 2. Fractures of the 
 Trunk and Extremities, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Amhurst, Nicholas, 1706-1742, was connected with 
 Pulteney and Bolingbroke in the management of The 
 Craftsman. He was expelled for libertinism from St. 
 John's College, Oxf., and in revenge satirized his Alma 
 Mater in his Oculus Britanniae, Lon., 1724 ; and the Terras 
 Filius, or the Secret History of the Universities of Oxford; 
 1726. He pub. some other works. 
 
 Amner, John. Sacred Hymns, Ac., Lon., 1615. 
 
 Amner, Richard, 1736-1803, a dissenting minister, 
 remarkable as being made a literary butt by Geo. Stevens, 
 and as making a theological butt of himself, by his Essay 
 on the Prophecies of Daniel, had charge of a congregation 
 at Cosely, in Staffordshire. Whilst stationed at Hempstead, 
 Stevens wrote some immoral notes on Shakspeare, and 
 subscribed them with Amner' s name : this was a trick ex 
 actly suited to George's spirit of malignant fun. But as 
 Amner survived this unkind attack, in an unhappy mo 
 ment he committed suicide by publishing some theological 
 crudities which have perhaps received more notice than 
 they deserve. T. H. Home thus belabours poor Amner : 
 An Essay towards the Interpretation of the Prophecies of 
 Daniel, Ac., Lon., 1776 : 
 
 " The author adopts the exploded and untenable hypothesis of 
 Grotius, (who has been followed by Le Clerc and others,) that all 
 the prophecies of Daniel terminated in the persecution of the Jews 
 by Antiochus JEpiphanes. This work (which is noticed only to 
 
 Jut the unwary reader on his guard against it) was reprinted in 
 798, with some other tracts, tending to show that certain passages 
 of Scripture, which clearly announce a future resurrection, relate 
 to nothing more than a mere temporal deliverance. An exposure 
 of some of this author's erroneous notions may be seen in the 
 British Critic, 0. S., vol. xiii. p. 290-295." 
 " It is sometimes ingenious, but not successful."-ORME : Bibl.Bib. 
 
 Amory, Thos., 1701-1774, an English Presbyterian 
 minister of Arian sentiments, pub. a number of theolog. 
 works, 1724-66. 
 
 " He was much conversant with ethics, natural and experimental 
 philosophy, and the best ancients, especially their moral writings." 
 Biog. Brit. 
 
 Amory, Thos., 1691-1789, a humorous writer, pub 
 lished several curious works, Lon., 1755-56. He seems to 
 have intended a portrait of himself in The Life and Opi 
 nions of John Buncle, Esq., 1756-66, 2 vols. 
 
 " John Buncle is the English Rabelais. The soul of Francis Ra 
 belais passed into John Amory, the author of the Life and Adven 
 tures of John Buncle. Both were physicians, and enemies of too 
 much gravity. Their great business was to enjoy life. Rabelais 
 indulges his spirit of sensuality in wine, in diied neats' tongues, 
 in Bologna sausages, in Botorgas. John Buncle shows the same 
 symptoms of inordinate satisfaction in bread and butter. "While 
 Rabelais roared with Friar John and the monks, John Buncle gos 
 siped with the ladies, &c. &c."HazlitPs Round TabU, vol. i., p. 151. 
 
 Memoirs of Several Ladies of Great Britain, 1755. 
 
 "We are thankful for the opportunity we have met with of 
 forming an acquaintance with an author who is. at the same time, 
 a deep scholar and a good gentleman." Retrosp. Rev. vi. 100, 
 which see. 
 
 Amos. Panasophise Prodromus, Lon., 1639. 
 
 Amos, Andrew. 1. Expediency of Admitting Tes 
 timony of Parties to Suits, Lon., 8vo. 2. Gems of Latin 
 Poetry, with translations, 1851 and '53, 8vo. 3. Lectures 
 on the Advantages of a Classical Education, 1846, 8vo. 4. 
 Trial of Earl and Countess of Somerset for Poisoning, 
 8vo. 5. Ruins of Time exemplified in Sir Matthew Hale's 
 Hist of the Pleas of the Crown, 1856, 8vo. See Lon. 
 Athen., 1489, May 10, 1856. 6. In conjunction with J. 
 58 
 
 AND 
 
 Ferard, Treatise on the Law of Fixtures, Lon., 8vo; 2d 
 Amer. ed., by Wm. Hogan, N. York, 1855, 8vo. 
 
 Amos, J. Letter to Ld. Mayor rel. to the Poor, Ac., 
 1809-13. 
 
 Amos, Wm. Agricultural Works, Lon., 1794-1810. 
 
 Amphlett, Wm., dram, and poet, writer, Lon., 1796. 
 
 Amsinck, P. Tunbridge Wells, &c., Lon., 1810. 
 
 Amy, S. Pref. to a Memento Eng. Protestants, Lon., 
 1681. 
 
 Amyand, C. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., Lon., 1708-46. 
 
 Amyot, T., 1775-1850. Speeches of W. Windham, 1812. 
 
 Anaya, A. Essay on Spanish Literature, Lon., 1818. 
 A Treatise on the Living Languages, Lon., 1818. 
 
 Anbury, Thos. Travels in America, Lon., 1789. 
 
 Anccll, S. Blockade and Siege of Gibraltar, pub. 1784. k 
 
 Anchoran, J. Gate of Tongues Unlocked, Lon., 1639. 
 
 Ancram, (Robt. Kerr) Earl of, a favourite of King 
 James I., and gentleman of the Bed-chamber to Prince 
 Charles, was the author of 
 
 " A short but very pretty copy of verses to Drummond of Ilaw- 
 thornden." II. WALPOLE. 
 
 " The beautiful and sweetly plaintive sonnet referred to by Lord 
 Orford, and the interesting letter which accompanied it, must be 
 considered as ornamental to this or to any publication." Park's 
 Walpok's It. <L N. Authors. 
 
 Ancram, Earl of. Description of some Improvements 
 in the Arms and Accoutrements of Light Cavalry. Trans. 
 Ed. R, Soc. N. 245., 1805. 
 
 Anderson, Adam, 1692-1765, for forty years con 
 nected with the South Sea House, was author of the His 
 torical and Chronological Deduction of Trade and Com 
 merce. First ed. in 2 vols. fol., 1762; 2d ed. in 1764; 
 3d ed., 4 vols. 4to ; 4th vol. by a new hand, 1787-9 ; and 
 4 vols. 4to, 1801. 
 
 " We congratulate the public upon the appearance of so ample 
 and valuable a treasure of real knowledge, collected with indefatiga 
 ble industry from almost innumerable authors." Monthly Review. 
 
 Anderson, .Kiieas. Narrative of British Embassy 
 to China (Earl Macartney's) in 1792, '93, '94, Lon., 1795. 
 
 " This narrative of Earl Macartney's Embassy is of little value in 
 comparison with that of Sir G. L. Staunton, Bart." LOWNDES. 
 
 Anderson, Alex., a native of Aberdeen, Prof, in the 
 University of Paris. Supplementum Apollonii Redi- 
 vivi, Paris, 1612, 4to; Supplemento, Paris, 1615, 4to. Ad 
 Angularium Sectionum Analyticen Theorernata, Ac., 
 Paris, 1615, 4to; Vindicise Archimedis, Paris, 1616, 4to. 
 Exercitationum Mathematicarum, Dicas Prima, Paris, 
 1619, 4to. All these works are very scarce. 
 
 Anderson, Alexander, M.D., d. 1813. Account of 
 a Bituminous Lake or Plain in the Island of Trinidad ; 
 Phil. Trans., 1789. The State of some of the most valu 
 able Plants in his Majesty's Botanic Garden in the Island 
 of St. Vincent; Trans, of Soc. for the Encouragement of 
 Arts and Manufactures, 1798, vol. xvi. The bread-fruit 
 tree of Otaheite is described in this paper, for which he 
 received the silver medal. Other papers, on Cinnamon, 
 Clove-Plant, &c. 
 
 Anderson, Ant. Theolog. works, Lon., 1573-81. 
 
 Anderson, C., M.D. Works on Mineralogy, Lon., 
 1809-10. 
 
 Anderson, Christopher, pastor of a Baptist church 
 in Edinburgh from 1808 until a few months before his 
 death, in 1851. 1. On the Services and Design of the Do 
 mestic Constitution, 1826; last ed., 1847, 8vo. 2. His 
 torical Sketches of the Ancient Native Irish, 1828 ; last 
 ed., 1846, fp. 8vo. 3. The Annals of the English Bible, 
 1845, 2 vols. 8vo ; 2d ed., with Historical Index, 1848, 2 
 vols. 8vo ; 3d ed., 1855, 2 vols. 8vo. By far the best book 
 on the subject. See Cotton's Editions of the Bible, Ac., 
 ed. to 1852, x., xi., 1, n., 39, n., <fec. 4. Singular Introduc 
 tion of the English Bible, 1849, 8vo. See Life and Letters 
 of Rev. Christopher Anderson, by his Nephew, 1854, 8vo. 
 
 Anderson, D. Fergus II., 1810. Ace. of Canada, 1814. 
 
 Anderson, Sir Edmund, d. 1605, was Chief Justice 
 of the Common Pleas in the reign of Elizabeth. Resolu 
 tions and Judgments in all the Cases and Matters agitated 
 in all the Courts of Westminster, in the latter end of the 
 reign of Q. Elizabeth, Lon., 1653. Reports des Principales 
 Cases, Ac., Lon., 1664. 
 
 " He, by his indefatigable study, obtained great knowledge in the 
 Municipal Laws. ... In 1586 he sate in judgment on Mary Queen 
 of Scots. . . . being then a learned Man of the Law." Wood's 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Anderson, G. M. Abbey of St. Denis, 1812. 
 
 Anderson, Geo. Remonstrance against Lord Boling- 
 broke's Philos. Religion, address, to Mallet, 1756. 
 
 Anderson, Geo. Trans, of Arenarius, Lon., 1784. 
 
 Anderson, Geo. On Grapes ; Trans. Hort. Soc., 1 817. 
 
 Anderson, Henry. The Court Convert. 
 
AND 
 
 Anderson, Henry. Poemata, Amst., 1637. 
 
 Anderson, Henry. Serm. on Ps. Ixxiii. 25, 1685. 
 
 Anderson, Dr. Henry J., Prof. Mathematics, Ac. 
 Columbia Coll., N.Y., 1825-43. 1. Geology of Lieut. 
 Lynch's Expedition to the Dead Sea. 2. Geological Re- 
 connoissance of Part of the Holy Land, 1848 ; pub. by U. 
 States Government. 
 
 Anderson, J. S. 1. Addresses, Lon., 12mo. 2. 
 Cloud of Witnesses : Discourses on Hebrews, 2 vols. Svo. 
 3. Life of Moses, 12ino. 4. History of the Church and 
 the Colonies, 2 vols. Svo. 5. Memoir of Mrs. Chisholm, 
 12mo. 6. Sermons at Lincoln's Inn, Michaelmas, 185U, 
 Svo. 7. Sermons on Elijah and John the Baptist, Svo. 
 8. Sermons on Various Subjects, Svo. 
 
 Anderson, J. W. The manner pointed out in which 
 the Common Prayer was read in private by the late Mr. 
 Garrick, 1797. The incident which gave rise to this pub 
 lication is no doubt known to many of our readers. See 
 an excellent paper on the proper " reading of the Common 
 Prayer," Spectator, No. 147. See CULB, RICHARD. 
 
 Anderson, Jas. Ane godly Treatis calit the first and 
 second Gumming of Christ, with the Tone of the Winters- 
 nycht, 1595, Edin., be Robt. Smith. Another ed. was 
 printed at Edin. by Andro Hart. 
 
 Anderson, Jas. A General History of the House of 
 Yvery, Lon., 1742. Written principally by the first Earl 
 of Egmont; privately printed; edited by J. Anderson. 
 
 " Dear and covetable is the possession of a PERFECT COPT. . . . 
 It has long been accounted a crack article in the most finished col 
 lection. A perfect c opy runs hard upon twenty guineas." DIBDIN. 
 
 Royal Genealogies, or the Genealog. Tables of Emperors, 
 Kings, and Princes, from Adam to these times, folio, Lon., 
 1732. 
 
 "The most useful and valuable work of the kind, and probably 
 the most difficult and laborious one ever undertaken by author or 
 printer." Moule's Scottish Billiolheca Heraldica. 
 
 Anderson, Jas., 1662-1728, a distinguished antiqua 
 ry, gained great credit by his Historical Essay showing 
 that the Crown of Scotland is Imperial and Independent, 
 in answer to Mr. Atwood, Edin., 1705. Atwood's book was 
 burnt by the common hangman, whilst Anderson, sur 
 rounded by admiring high dignitaries, received the thanks 
 of the Parliament of Scotland, delivered by the Lord 
 Chancellor. So much for being on the right side ! More 
 over, Parliament encouraged the rejoicing champion of the 
 " Imperial Crown" to undertake the publication of a col 
 lection of the Ancient Charters of Scotland, with fac-similes 
 of the seals of the Scottish Kings. 300, and afterwards 
 1050, (the latter it is said was never paid,) were voted to 
 him for this purpose. This work, Selectus Diplomatum et 
 Numismatum Scotiae Thesaurus, Ac., was not published 
 until 1739, eleven years after the author's death. Thomas 
 Carte the laborious, faithful, ill-used Thomas Carte, whose 
 devotion to his historical labours put even Dr. Mangey to 
 the blush writes in 1736 : 
 
 " They are printing on copper-plates Mr. Anderson's Collection 
 of the Seals of the Kings of Scotland; the price is great, being six 
 guineas." Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. 
 
 The plates were engraved by Strutt. 
 
 " It is a work of extreme rarity and great value." WATT. 
 
 "A highly valuable and useful work. The introduction by 
 Ruddiman was afterwards inadequately translated, and published 
 with notes." LOWNDES. 
 
 Collections relating to the History of Mary, Queen of 
 Scotland, Edin., 1727-28, 4 vols. 4to. 
 
 " A friend of mine once bought a copy out of sheets, and bound 
 the work m black morocco, with blood-coloured insides! Such was 
 
 s order to the binder; and poor George Faulkener was that 
 binder. ' DIBDIN. 
 
 Anderson, Jas. The Constitution of Free Masons, 
 Ac., Lon., 1723. Discovery of their Ceremonies, Lon., 
 
 Anderson, Jas. Sermons pub., Lon 1714-20 
 
 Anderson, Jas., M.D. Med. Works, Lon'. and 
 Madras, 1788, Ac. 
 
 Anderson, Jas., LL.D., 1739-1808, published 
 many works upon agriculture, Lon., 1771-1802. He was 
 a practical, as well as theoretical, farmer, having 1300 
 acres under cultivation in Aberdeenshire. He qualified 
 himself for usefulness by attending the chemical lectures 
 of Dr. Cullen, whose friendship was of great advantage 
 to him in his pursuit of general knowledge. In 1790 he 
 commenced the pub. of The Bee, (1790-94, 18 vols.) con 
 sisting of Essays Philosophical and Miscellaneous. Dr. 
 A. wrote those marked Senex, Timothy Hairbrain, Alci- 
 biades, and many others without signatures. 
 
 "Complete sets of this valuable periodical work, in which Dr 
 Anderson received material assistance from men of taste and 
 learning, are of rare occurrence. It was printed on three caoers 
 coarse, common, and fine." LOWNDES 
 
 AND 
 
 Selections from his Correspondence with General Wash 
 ington, in which the causes of the present scarcity are 
 fully investigated, Lon., 1800. 
 
 Anderson, Jas. Work on Yellow Fever, Edin., 1798. 
 Anderson, Jas. Con. to Ann. of Med., 1799. 
 Anderson, Jas. Chain Bridge, Queensferry, 1818. 
 Anderson, Jas. 1. Ladies of the Covenant, Lon., 
 1851, 12mo. 2. Ladies of the Reformation, 2 vols. p. 4to, 
 1854-56. 
 
 Anderson, John. Theolog. Works, Glasg., 1711-14. 
 Anderson, John. Sound at Elsineur: the Duties, 1771. 
 
 Anderson, John, M.D., 1726-1796, "an English 
 physician, was professor of Natural Philosophy at Glas 
 gow for 41 years. Five editions of his Institutes of 
 Medicine (Glasg., 1786) were pub. during his lifetime." 
 Biog. Univ. He also pub. Observations on Roman An 
 tiquities discovered between the Frith and Clyde, Edin., 
 1800. See an amusing account in Boswell's Life of John 
 son, of a tea-party at Glasgow, where Professors Reid 
 and Anderson, Johnson and Boswell, and the Messieurs 
 Foulis discussed their bohea together. 
 
 Anderson, John. Med. Works, Lon., 1787-95. 
 
 Anderson, John. Account of a Mission to the East 
 Coast of Sumatra in 1823, Ac., Lon., 1826. 
 
 " It was one great object of our author's mission to create a de 
 sire among the people for British and Indian manufactures ; and 
 in this to a certain extent he seems to have succeeded. . . . Java 
 and Sumatra have given birth to two very excellent books, every 
 way worthy of them the one on Java, by Sir Stamford Raines ; 
 the other on Sumatra, by Mr. Marsden." Quarterly Review. 
 
 Anderson, John. Chronicles of the Kirk; or Scenes 
 and Stories from the History of the Church of Scotland 
 from the Earliest Period to the Second Reformation. 
 
 " Its gracefulness and brevity give it much adaptation for its 
 purpose." British Quarterly Review. 
 
 Anderson, M. Ten Discourses on Moses, Lon., 1834. 
 
 Anderson, Patrick. Jesuit. Ground of the Catholic 
 and Roman Religion in the word of God, 1623. 
 
 Anderson, Patrick, M.D. The Colde Spring of 
 Kinghorne Craig, &c., Edin., 1618. Rare, sold in the 
 Gordonstoun sale for 1 11s. 6d. Grana Angelica, Ac., 
 Edin.,1635. Also rare. 
 
 Anderson, R. Rud. of Tamul Grammar, Lon., 1821. 
 
 Anderson, Ralph, Polit. and poet, writer, 1797-1808. 
 
 Anderson, Robt. Treatises on Gauging and Gun 
 nery, Lon. 1660-96. 
 
 Anderson, Robt. Theolog. works, Lon., 1834-46. 
 
 Anderson, Robt., M.D., 1751-1830, best known as 
 the editor and biographer of the British poets, was edu 
 cated at the University of Edinburgh, in which city he 
 resided for the last forty years, devoted to literary pur 
 suits. Life of Samuel Johnson, with Critical Observations 
 on his Works, Lon., 1795. Life of Dr. Smollett, Edin., 
 1803. The Works of the British Poets; with Prefaces, 
 Biographical and Critical, 1799, 13 vols. He edited the 
 works of Dr. Moore. 
 
 " He also made numerous contributions to various publications, 
 but more through his fondness of literature than any love of 
 money. His correspondence with literary men was extensive, by 
 whom he was held in the greatest esteem, not more for his talents 
 than the frankness of his temper, and the warmth of his heart." 
 ' See Nichols's Illustrations of Literary History, vol. vii., 
 for a number of interesting letters between Bishop Percy 
 and Dr. Anderson. The correspondence was commenced 
 by the Bishop as follows : 
 
 "Your edition of the Poets of Great Britain does so much 
 honour to their biographer and critic, that every friend to litera 
 ture should assist his candid and ingenious labours ; this, I hope, 
 will serve as my apology for addressing a letter to you, without a 
 more regular introduction." 
 
 " To good old Anderson, the poets and literature of the country 
 are deeply beholden." Quarterly Review. 
 
 The following notice of some of Walter Scott's early 
 essays in literature will interest our readers : 
 
 " An ingenious friend here wished to avail himself of the oppor 
 tunity to submit to your lordship's inspection one or two of his 
 compositions in the style of the ancient Scottish ballad, in testi 
 mony for his high respect for your character, and of his gratitude 
 to the editor of ' The Reliques,' upon which he formed his taste for 
 ballad-thinking and expression. . . The name of my friend is 
 Walter Scott, Esq." Anderson to Percy. 
 
 Anderson, Rnfus, minister of Wenham, Mass. 2 
 Serm. on the Fast, 1802. Letters on Baptists, 1805. 
 
 Anderson, Thos. Con. to Medical Com., 1774, Ac. 
 
 Anderson, W. Mercantile Correspond., 12mo, N. Y. 
 
 Anderson, Walter, D.D., d. 1800, for fifty years 
 minister of Chirnside, in Scotland. The History of 
 France, 1769-75-83, Lon., 5 vols. 4to. 
 
 " In that genius, that natural discernment, that knowledge of 
 the world, which are so absolutely necessary to the historian, he Is 
 surprisingly defective." New Oat. of L. English Authors. 
 
 " A heavy compilation of very little value." Rose's Biog. Diet, 
 
AND 
 
 AND 
 
 The Philosophy of Anc. Greece investigated, Edin., 1791. 
 " This work is more respectable in point of matter. It is fuller 
 than the work of Stanley on the same subject, and less extensive 
 ind prolix than that of Brucker." Gent. Mag. 
 
 Anderson, Win., Chap. E. India Co. 4 Serms., 1708. 
 Anderson, Wm. Hamilton and Douglas Case, ed. 1768. 
 Stacking Corn, 1816. 
 See Med. Com. and Phil. Trans., 
 
 Anderson, Wm 
 Anderson, Wm 
 1776-78. 
 
 Anderson, Wm 
 Anderson, Wm 
 Anderson, Wm 
 
 The Russian Empire, Lon., 1815. 
 See Trans. Hort, Soc., 1817. 
 Lon. Commercial Diet., Lon., 1826. 
 
 _________ , _____ 
 
 Anderson, William, LL.D., b. 1800, at Kilsyth, 
 Scotland, a popular preacher of Glasgow. Discourse on 
 Regeneration, 12mo. Discourses on Various Subjects, 
 12mo. Lectures on the Mass, Popery, &c. 
 
 Anderson, William. Landscape Lyrics, Lon., 1839, 
 12mo. Gift for all Seasons, 1843, 12mo. Author of His 
 torical Memoirs of British newspapers in Eraser's Mag., 
 1838-39. 
 
 Anderson, W. J, 1. Causes and Treatment of Ner 
 vous Affections, Lon., p. 8vo. 2. Treatment of Diseases 
 of Pregnancy, p. 8vo. 
 
 Anderton, or Anderson, .las., published, under 
 the name of John Brerely, in 1604, The Apology of Pro 
 testants for the Roman Religion. This was answered by 
 Morton's Appeal, 1606. Anderton's 2d ed. and rejoinder 
 appeared in 1608. Translated into Latin by Reynes in 
 1615. A Treatise on the Mass. Religion of St. Augustine, 
 Latin, Cologne, 1620. 
 
 Anderton, Lawrence, also a Lancashire man, a 
 Jesuit. Treatise on the Origin of Catholics and Protest 
 ants, Rouen, 1632. The Triple Cord, St. Omer, 1634. 
 
 Andever, Lord. Two Speeches, 1641. 
 
 Andre, J. W. Brit. Eclogue for 1805 ; a Poem, 1805. 
 
 Andre, Major John, a talented and amiable young 
 British officer, well known for his unfortunate end, having 
 been executed as a spy, Oct. 2, 1780, during the Revolu 
 tionary war of the U. States of N. America. He was the 
 author of the Cow Chase, an heroic poem in three cantos, 
 pub. in Lon. in 1781. 
 
 " It was originally pub. in Rivington's Royal Gazette, N. York, 
 in the morning of the day on which Andre was taken prisoner. 
 The last stanza, intended to ridicule Gen. Wayne for his failure in 
 an attempt to collect cattle for the army, is this : 
 ' And now I've closed my epic strain; 
 
 I tremble as I show it, 
 Lest this same warrior-drover Wayne 
 Should ever catch the Poet !' "Allen's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Andre, Wm. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1782-84. 
 
 Andreas, B. Serm. on 5th Chapiter Song Sol., Lon., 
 1583. 
 
 Andree, John, Surgeon and Teacher of Anatomy, 
 London, pub. many profess, treatises, Lon., 1737-78. 
 
 Andree, R. J. Vocabulary in 6 Languages, Lon., 1725. 
 
 Andrescoe. Sermons, 1581. 
 
 Andrew, Dr. Theolog. Treatise, Lon., 1735. 
 
 Andrew, .las. Astronomical Tables, Lon., 1810. 
 
 Andrew, Jas., 1773-1833. Insti. of Grammar, 1817. 
 
 Andrewe, Thos. The Unmasking of a Feminine 
 Machiavell. Est nobis valuisse satis, Lon., 1604. 
 
 " A poetical tract of little value, containing a description of the 
 battle at Newport." LOWNDES. 
 
 Andrewes, B. See ANDREAS, B. 
 
 Andrewes, Gerard, 1750-1825, Dean of Canterbury, 
 refused the Bishopric of Chester a clergyman of exem 
 plary piety. A Serm. pub. 1798. Do. pub. 1803; and 
 Borne Lectures in the publication called " Onesimus." 
 
 Andrewes, Geo. Dictionary of the Slang and Cant 
 Languages, Lon. 
 
 Andrewes, Thos. Serm. 1 Pet. ii. 17; Rom. xiv. 
 19, 1717. 
 
 Andrewes, Thos. Rates and Tables, Bristol, 1787. 
 
 Andrews, D. Letter to Dr. Wakefield, Lon., 1794. 
 
 Andrews, Eliza. The MSS. of Virtudo, 1801. The 
 Beauties of Sturm's Reflections. 
 
 Andrews, Ethan Allen, LL.D., 1787-1858, b. at 
 New Britain, Conn., graduated at Yale Coll., 1810, Prof. 
 of Ancient Languages Univ. N. Carolina, 1822-28. He 
 succeeded Mr. Jacob Abbott as Principal of the Young 
 Ladies' School of Boston, and was Senior Editor of the 
 Religious Mag. in connexion with Jacob and John S. C. 
 Abbott. The Latin works of Dr. Andrews are : First 
 Latin Book; Latin Reader; Viri Romae ; Latin Lessons; 
 Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar; Synopsis of 
 Latin Grammar; Questions on the Latin Grammar; Latin 
 Exercises; Key to Latin Exercises; Exercises in Latin 
 Etymology; Caesar's Commentaries; Sallust; Ovid; Latin 
 60 
 
 Dictionary. His most elaborate work is his Latin-English 
 Lexicon ; a condensed trans., with alterations, of the Wb'r- 
 terbuch der Lateinischen Sprache of Dr. Wilhelm Freund. 
 At the time of his death he was engaged in revising a new 
 ed. of the above work, which will be completed by his 
 family. See AINSWORTH, ROBERT. 
 
 Andrews, G. H. Agricultural Engineering. The 
 Practical Farmer; Modern Husbandry, Lon., 1854, 8vo. 
 
 Andrews, Geo. Reports of Cases Court K. Bench 
 in the 11 and 12 years of Geo. II., 2d ed., with notes, and 
 an appen. cont. additional cases, by G. W. Vernon, Dub., 
 1791. 
 
 Many of the cases contained in these Reports are also reported 
 by Strange, and in cases tempore Lord llardwicke. Andrews, 
 however, has usually given a fuller and more satisfactory report 
 of these cases than is found in reports of the same period. His 
 reports are ' accurate, judicious, and satisfactory.' The 1st ed. was 
 in fol., 1754. See Wallace's Reporters, 63, 2d ed." Marvin's Legal 
 Bibl ioc/raphy. 
 
 AridreAVS, H. C. Botanical works, Lon., 1796-1812. 
 
 Andrews, G. P. Tables of Rates and Taxes, 1815. 
 
 Andrews, J. Love and Chastity. A Poet. Ess., 1760, 
 
 Andrews, J. Petit, 1737-1797, a London magis 
 trate, and miscellaneous writer. His principal works were, 
 1. Anecdotes, Ancient and Modern, Lon., 1789. 
 
 " An amusing and humorous collection." LOWNDES. 
 
 " A person of extensive reading, who, with judicious selection, 
 and good taste, keeps a common-place book, and afterwards com 
 municates the contents to the public, certainly merits the grateful 
 acknowledgments of those who, at so cheap a rate, and in so easy 
 a manner, are furnished with rational entertainment ; the fruit of 
 many years' attention, and much labour, on the part of the com 
 piler. . . Mr. Andrews seems in his preface to be apprehensive 
 that his compilement might meet with an ungracious reception 
 from the reviewers. Surely his fears were groundless! Those 
 critics, we conceive, must be very ill-natured who could snarl at 
 the well-intended offer of a book, by no means ill-calculated for 
 their entertainment." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 We might say much in praise of good compilations of 
 anecdotes and ana, but we shall prefer to quote a higher 
 authority than our own : 
 
 "I love anecdotes. I fancy mankind may come, in time, to 
 write all aphoristically, except a narrative ; grow weary of prepa 
 ration, and connection, and illustration, and all those arts by 
 which a big book is made. If a man is to wait till he weaves 
 anecdotes into a system, we may be long in getting them, and get 
 but few, in comparison of what we might get." DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 2. The History of Great Britain connected with the 
 Chronology of Europe, with Notes, Ac., containing anec 
 dotes of the times, lives, Ac. of the learned, and speci 
 mens of their works, Lon., 1794-95. 
 
 " In the work before us we hav<j the history of all authors most 
 interesting to a Briton, that of his own country, treated on a 
 new, and, we think, an excellent plan. . . Mr. Andrews's style is, 
 in general, well adapted to his subject ; perspicuous, though con 
 cise, and at once elegant and nervous. . . When his plan is com 
 pleted, he will have supplied a desideratum in English literature, 
 by giving, within a reasonable compass, and connected with the 
 events of neighbouring states, the history of Great Britain, se 
 lected with judgment, abridged with accuracy, enriched with erudi 
 tion, and occasionally embellished with wit." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 " The Notes to this valuable historical work contain a great va 
 riety of curious and amusing particulars." LOWNDES. 
 
 3. A Continuation of Henry's History of Great Britain, 
 Lon., 1796. 
 
 The plan of Dr. Henry's History was most admirable, 
 and we are not surprised that Mr. Andrews should have 
 fallowed so good a model. We shall dwell more at largo 
 upon the advantages of this arrangement in the proper 
 place. (See HENRY, ROBT.) Dr. Henry's work concluded 
 with the accession of Henry VIII. Mr. Andrews continued 
 the history to the accession of James I. The hope ex 
 pressed, by a reviewer of the work, "that the author's 
 health and spirits would enable him to complete the un 
 dertaking, and to bring it down to the present time," (1797,) 
 was disappointed. The author "rested from his many 
 useful labours" within six months from the date of tho 
 expression of this hope. See Obituary, Gent. Mag., Sept., 
 1797. Having long ardently desired the appearance of a 
 complete History of England, and the English of the 
 people as well as their kings of the customs of the fire 
 side, as well as the intrigues of the court we acknowledge 
 with gratitude the accomplishment of our wish in tho 
 Pictorial History of England pub. by Charles Knight, one 
 of the first literary benefactors of the age. This excellent 
 work is arranged upon Henry's plan, with advantages 
 which neither Henry nor any one man could have secured. 
 We entirely concur with the intelligent eulogium of the 
 Edinburgh Review, that it is the 
 
 " Very thing required by the popular taste of the present day, 
 [by the erudite judgment as well, we should have added;] adding 
 to the advantage of a clear historical narrative, all the varie 
 trations of which the subject is capable." 
 
AND 
 
 Andrews, John, called by Wood "A painful Preacher 
 of God's Word," pub. a number of religious works, (Ana 
 tomies of Basenesse, <fcc.,) Lon., 1615-45. 
 
 Andrews, John. Serm. on Peter iv. 11, 1744. 
 
 Andrews, John, hydrographer, pub. an Atlas Sur 
 vey, Ac., 1797-1808. 
 
 Andrews, John. Scripture Doctrine of Grace, in 
 answer to Bishop Warburton, 1763. For some curious 
 letters between Warburton and Andrews, see Nichols s 
 Literary Anecdotes, vol. v. 620. Sermons on the most 
 important subjects, 1814. 
 
 " Beine a strict and serious man, and carrying his notions ol 
 grace pretty high in the above-noticed publication, he was called 
 a Methodist. Archbp. Seeker had ever a good opinion of him, and 
 afterwards preferred him in Kent. Though Bp. Warburton did 
 not give him the living in Gloucestershire, yet he calls himself 
 his patron." Dr. Lori's MS. 
 
 Andrews, John, LL.D., 1736-1809, a voluminous 
 historical, political, and miscellaneous writer, pub. in Lon., 
 1773-1807. His History of the War with America, France, 
 Spain, and Holland, 1755-1783, was chiefly compiled from 
 the public prints, and the proceedings of the House of 
 Commons. 
 
 " In some circumstances we think the author has not been fully 
 informed, but these are few. Impartiality seems to have been 
 much attended to." Lon. Montfily Review. 
 
 Andrews, John, D.D., 1746-1813, Provost of the 
 Univer. of Pennsylvania, was an Episcopal clergyman, 
 and a scholar of considerable attainments. He pub. Ele 
 ments of Logic, and a sermon. 
 
 Andrews, Capt. Jos. Journey from B. Ayres, <fcc., 
 Lon., 1827, 2 vols. 
 
 " A clear and sensible work, containing much valuable informa 
 tion." LOWNDES. 
 
 Andrews, Lancelot, 1555-1626, successively Bishop 
 of Chichester, Ely, and Winchester, was a native of Lon 
 don. He was educated at Merchant-Tailor's School and 
 Pembroke Hall, Cambridge. The Church of England con 
 tains no name more truly venerable than that of this good 
 prelate. For polish and suavity of manners he was excelled 
 by no gentleman of the court ; in piety, by no anchorite 
 of better times and purer days. In the discharge of all 
 the duties of religion, he so walked as to be an illustrious 
 exemplar to his flock and to the church of God. James I. 
 had so high an opinion of his abilities, that he employed 
 him to answer Bellarmine's Treatise against his own De 
 fence of the Right of Kings. He was also a favourite 
 with Charles I. Casaubon, Cluverius, Vossius, Grotius, 
 Peter du Moulin, Barclay, and Erpenius were among his 
 correspondents. Lord Clarendon regrets that he was not 
 raised to the primacy on the death of Archbishop Bancroft. 
 Thus respected in life, he was not less honoured at his 
 death, by a Latin elegy from the author of Paradise Lost. 
 He wrote a number of works, pub. 1589-1610, and some 
 others were made public after his decease. His Manual 
 of Devotion in Greek and Latin, was translated by Dean 
 Stanhope, and has been frequently reprinted. He was one 
 of the translators of the authorized version of the Holy 
 Scriptures, for which duty he was well qualified : " a scholar, 
 and a ripe and good one," he had the credit of understand 
 ing fifteen languages. We are less surprised at the holy 
 character of this good man, when we are informed that 
 he devoted several hours each day to private prayer. Thus 
 he drew his strength from an unfailing fountain, and his 
 wisdom from the " Father of Lights." 
 
 " This is that Andrews, the ointment of whose name is sweeter 
 
 than spices! This is that celebrated Bishop of Winton, whose 
 
 learning King James admired above all his chaplains!" HACKET. 
 
 Fuller calls him a "peerless prelate," and tells us in his 
 
 own style of quiet humour : 
 
 " He was an inimitable preacher in his way; and such plagiaries 
 who have stolen his sermons could never steal his preaching, anc 
 could make nothing of that whereof he made all things as he de 
 sired. Pious and pleasant Bishop Felton (his contemporary and 
 colleague) endeavoured in vain, in his sermons, to assimilate hit 
 style ; and therefore said merrily of himself, ' I had almost marrec 
 my own natural trot, by endeavouring to imitate his artificial 
 amble.' " 
 
 " His life was a life of prayer : a great part of five hours every 
 day did he spend in prayer and devotion to God." BISHOP BUCKE 
 RIDGE : Funeral Sermon on Bp. Andrews. 
 
 - He was so skilled in all, that the world wanted learning to 
 know how learned he was." FULLER. 
 
 " Indeed, he was the most apostolical and primitive-like divine 
 in my opinion, that ever wore a rochet, in his age; of a most vene 
 rable gravity, and yet most sweet in all commerce; the most de 
 vout that ever I saw when he appeared before God; of such a 
 growth in all kinds of learning, that very able clerks were of low 
 stature to him. ... In the pulpit, a Homer among preachers.' 
 BP. HACKET : Life of Williams. 
 
 Bp. Andrews has the credit, or discredit, as tastes vary 
 of being the father of the quaint school of composition, of 
 
 ANG 
 
 which Donne is one of the most prominent specimens, 
 lis Posthumous and Orphan Lectures have been greatly 
 ,dmired. 
 
 " A theological student will do well to make himself acquainted 
 with his writings. There is frequently a force and vividness hi 
 lis language, a picturesqueness in his way of exhibiting the subject, 
 a point in his expressions, and a harmony in his periods, that we 
 hall vainly seek in the more sober and popular divines of the 
 succeeding schools. His sermons contain a rich mine of wisdom 
 ind erudition." 
 
 This Manual is composed of sentences from the Sacred 
 Scriptures, and extracts from the fathers. It was eom- 
 iiled for his own use, (praeces privatae,) and was found 
 ifter his death " worn in pieces by his fingers, and wet 
 with his tears." 
 
 " When thou hast bought the book, enter into thy closet and 
 shut the door, pray with Bishop Aiidrewes for one week, and he 
 will be thy companion for the residue of thy years; he will be 
 pleasant in thy life, and in thy death he will not forsake thee." 
 
 " It is a compact and ably-executed selection; without the con 
 straint of a precise form, it presents a rich collection of materials 
 for prayer; and whether as an enchiridion of devotional aspira 
 tions, a guide to self-examination, or an aid to pious reflection, it 
 will be found of great utility." 
 
 The good bishop's motto was 
 
 ' And who is sufficient for these things?" 
 
 Andrews, Loring, d. 1805, was editor successively 
 of The Herald of Freedom, Boston ; The Western Star, 
 Stockbridge ; and in 1803 he established The Charleston 
 Courier, a paper of considerable reputation. Allen's 
 Biog. Diet. 
 
 Andrews, M. W. On Lunar Caustic, Lon. 1807. 
 
 Andrews, Peter Miles, d. 1814, son of a London 
 merchant, wrote a number of dramatic pieces. Perhaps 
 the title of one will satisfy our readers, and cause them to 
 excuse the rest of the catalogue : The Baron KINKVER- 
 VANKOTSDORSPRAKENGOTCHDKRN, 1781. After the perform 
 ance of the Baron, an extensive maxillary dislocation of 
 the members of the dramatic corps need not excite sur 
 prise. The Biographia Dramatica gives Mr. Miles this 
 cruel blow 
 
 " This gentleman is ... a dealer in gunpowder ; but his works, 
 in their effect, by no means resemble so active a composition, be 
 ing utterly deficient in point of force and splendour." 
 
 Andrews, R. Work against Transubstantiation, 1755. 
 
 Andrews, or Androse, R. Trans, from Italian of 
 last book of Alexis' Secret, Lon., 1578. 
 
 Andrews, R. Gaol of Newgate Unmasked, Lon., 1809. 
 
 Andrews, R. Virgil Englished, 1766, etc. 
 
 Andrews, S. Obedience to Divine Kule, 1786. 
 
 Andrews, Stephen Pearl, b. 1812, in Mass. Com 
 parison of the Common Law with the Roman, French, or 
 Spanish Civil Law on Entails and other limited property in 
 Real Estate. Phonographic Class Books. Phonographic 
 Reader. Phonographic Reporter, Ac., pub. J. F. Trow,N. Y. 
 Science of Society, N. Y., 12mo. Love, Marriage, and Di 
 vorce, N. Y., 12mo. French, with or without a Master, N. Y., 
 12mo. Contributor to the London Times and other journals. 
 
 Andrews, T. Vindication of Ch. of England, 1799. 
 
 Andrews, Thos. Sermon on Matt. v. 20, 1717. 
 
 Andrews, Thos. Inquiry rel. to T. Eccleston's Re- 
 plv, Lon., 1709. Serm. on Prov. iv. 10-14, 1712. On 
 John i. 14, 1731. 
 
 Andrews, W. E. Review of Fox's Book of Martyrs. 
 
 Andrews, Wm. Serm. on John i. 46, 47, Lon., 1638. 
 
 Andrews, Wm. Year Books, Ac., Lon., 1656-83. 
 
 Andrews, Wm. Address to the Public, 1774. 
 
 Andros, Edmund, d. 1714, Governor of New Eng 
 land and other States of America. A Narrative of his 
 Proceedings in New England, in 1691 ; republished 1773. 
 
 Androse, R. See ANDREWS. 
 
 Aneley, Samuel. See ANNESLEY. 
 
 Angas, G. F. 1. Illustrations of New Zealand, 1847, 
 fol. 2. Illustrations of South Australia, 1847, fol. 3. Il 
 lustrations of the Kaffirs ; or, Port Natal, 1849, fol. 4. 
 Rambles in Malta and Sicily, 1842, r. 8vo. 5. Savage Life 
 and Scenes in Australia; 2 vols., 2d ed., 1847, p. 8vo. 6. 
 Views of the Australian Gold-Fields, 1852, r. 4to. 
 
 Angel, or Angell, John, d. 1655, of Magdalen Hall, 
 Oxf., after "taking the degrees in Arts and Holy Orders, 
 became a frequent and painful preacher," Wood's Athen. 
 Oxon. He was a Nonconformist. The Right Government 
 of the Thoughts, Lon., 1659. Four Sermons, 1659. 
 
 " He shone as a burning light, until God translated him to shine 
 above as a Star forever." T. B. 
 
 " As his name was Angell, so he was a man indeed of Angelical 
 understanding and Holiness, a burning and shining Light." THOS. 
 CASE. 
 
 Angel, John. History of Ireland, Dub., 1781. 
 
 Angell, John. An Essay on Prayer, Lon., 1761. 
 
ANG 
 
 ANN 
 
 Stenography, or Short-Hand Improved, Lon., 1759. His 
 system is described as " complex and difficult." Dr. John 
 son wrote the preface to the work. 
 
 Angell, Joseph K., 1794-1857, b. Providence, R. L, 
 graduated at Brown Univ., 1813. Treatise on the Com 
 mon Law in Relation to Water- Courses, with an Appendix 
 containing the principal adjudged cases and forms of de 
 claration ; 3d ed., Boston, 1840; 4th ed., 1850 ; 5th ed., 8vo. 
 
 " The law in relation to water-courses is becoming daily of in 
 creasing importance, and Mr. Angell, in his work, has commend- 
 ably discussed the subject. Local legislation has altered, in many 
 of the States, the common law relative to water-courses, but this 
 does not preclude the necessity in many cases of resorting to well- 
 settled principles, in order to expound these legislative acts. No 
 intelligent lawyer can well practise without Mr. Angell's treatise 
 on water-courses." 3 Kent's Com,. 453. 
 
 United States Law Intelligencer and Review, Providence, 
 1828-31, 3 vols. Treatise on the Right of Property in Tide 
 Waters, Boston, 1826; 2d ed., 1847. 
 
 " The only regular treatise upon this branch of the law, besides 
 the one under consideration, is Lord Hale's De jure Maris et Bra- 
 chiorum ejusdem. Mr. Angell has furnished the profession, in the 
 present publication, with a work that was much needed. He has 
 collected the materials for his book with great industry, from a va 
 riety of sources that are not generally accessible, and his work is 
 a valuable contribution to our jurisprudence." Marvin's Legal 
 Bibliography. 
 
 Inquiry, Ac., relative to an Incorporeal Hereditament, 
 Boston, 1827. A Treatise on the Limitation of Actions at 
 Law and Suits in Equity and Admiralty, Boston ; 2d ed., 
 1846 ; 4th ed.,8vo, revised and enlarged by J. Wilder May. 
 
 " It is now more full and complete than any other treatise upon 
 this subject extant." Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 " Lord Brougham begs Mr. A. would kindly communicate to Mr. 
 Angell his very grateful sense of the favour done him by the valu 
 able present of Mr. A.'s work. Lord B. has already consulted it, 
 and found it to be by much the best treatise on this very important 
 subject." Lord Brougham's Note to Mr. Arnold. 
 
 A Practical Summary of the Law of Assignments, Bos 
 ton, 1835. 
 
 " It is a neat and valuable little manual of the law of voluntary 
 assignments by insolvent debtors." 2 Kent's Com., 536 n; 13 Am. 
 Jur. 234. 
 
 Mr. Angell, in conjunction with Samuel Ames, has pub 
 lished a Treatise on the Law of Private Corporations Ag 
 gregate; 2d ed., Boston, 1843 ; 4th ed., 1858; 6th ed., 8vo. 
 
 " To these authors belongs the honour of first producing an Ame 
 rican treatise upon corporations, and whatever its defects may be in 
 style, arrangement, or in profusion of citations from English or 
 American reports, it is undoubtedly the best work upon corpora 
 tions that an American lawyer can possess. . . . Chancellor Kent 
 highly commends the work." Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 " It is a very learned, full, and finished treatise, and cannot be 
 too highly praised." CHAXCELLOR KENT. 
 
 Treatise on the Law concerning the Liabilities and Rights 
 of Common Carriers; 2d ed., Boston, 1845, 8vo; pub. in 
 Lon. in 1849, royal 8vo. 
 
 " It displays thorough research and learning, and cannot fail to 
 be welcomed as a valuable accession to the legal literature of the 
 age." 
 
 A Treatise on the Law of Fire and Life Insurance ; with 
 an Appendix, containing Forms, Tables, <fec., 8vo. A Treat, 
 on the Law of Highways, by Joseph K. Angell and Thomas 
 Durfee, Esqrs., 8vo. 
 
 " We have here the last of Mr. Angell's useful labours for the 
 profession of which he was a distinguished ornament. Being left 
 incomplete, it was finished in a very satisfactory manner by Mr. 
 Durfee. 
 
 " The work contains a thorough and accurate analysis of all the 
 cases, English and American, upon the important subject ou which 
 it treats, and, in addition, a chapter upon canals, railways, ferries, 
 and navigable rivers, which gives much valuable matter in a con 
 densed and perspicuous style. It presents, as is usual in all Mr. 
 Angell's treatises, the very point decided in each case." 
 
 Angelo, Henry. 1. Reminiscences, Lon., 2 vols. 
 8vo. 2. Instructions for Cavalry Sword-Exercises, 12mo. 
 Angler, Lord. State of II. M. Revenue in Ireland, 
 1673. 
 
 Angler, John. An Help to Better Hearts for Better 
 Times, in several Sermons, Lon., 1647. 
 Angler, Saml. Polite Modern Divine, Lon., 1756, etc. 
 Anglesey. The Case of Ann, Countess of Anglesey, 
 lately deceased, lawful wife of Richard Anglesey, late 
 Earl Anglesey, and of her three surviving daughters by the 
 said Earl, Lon., 1766. Written by one of the daughters. 
 
 "This state of a very hard case indeed is drawn up by one 
 of the three distressed daughters of a most unnatural father, 
 and will not, we are persuaded, fail of increasing (if it is pos 
 sible to increase) the public detestation of a character too well 
 known to require our animadversion on it." London Monthly 
 Review, 1766. 
 
 For an Epitome of this curious pamphlet, see Gentle 
 man's Magazine for November, 1766, p. 537. This Richard, 
 Earl Anglesey, is the same nobleman who was defendani 
 
 n the celebrated suit brought by James Annesley in 1744, 
 to recover the Annesley title and estate. 
 
 Anglesey, Arthur, Earl of. See ANNESLEY. 
 
 Anglicus, Gilbertus. See GILBERTUS. 
 
 Anglicus, Richard. See RICHARD. 
 
 Anguish, Thos. Serms. pub. 1732-45-56. 
 
 Angus, Joseph, D.D. 1. Bible Hand-Book, Lon., 
 1854, 22mo. 2. Christ our Life, p. 8vo. 3. Prize Essay on 
 the Voluntary System, 1839, p. 8vo. 4. Bishop Butler's Ana 
 logy, &c., also Fifteen Sermons ; with a Life of the Author, 
 a Copious Analysis, Notes, and Indexes, 1855, 12mo, pp. 
 551. In a letter to the author of this Dictionary, written 
 just after the publication of this volume, Dr. T. Hartwell 
 Home styles it the best edition of the Analogy which has 
 appeared. 
 
 Angus, W. Seats of the Nobility, Lon., 1787-1810. 
 
 Angus, Wm. Educational Works, Glasg., 1808-15. 
 
 Anley, Miss. 1. Earlswood, Lon., 1852, 12mo. 2 
 Influence, 4th ed., 1845, 12mo. 3. Miriam; 10th ed., 1845 
 12mo. 4. Prisoners of Australia, 1841, 12mo. 
 
 Annand, Alex. Legal Government of India, Lon., 4to. 
 
 Annand, Wm., 1633-1689, educated at Univer. Coll., 
 Oxf., was made Dean of Edinburgh, 1676. He was of 
 " good repute for his ready and edifying way of preaching." 
 He was the author of Fides Catholica, Lon., 1661-62. 
 Panem Quotidianum; in defence of set form, and of the 
 Book of Common Prayer, 1661. Pater Noster, 1670. Mys- 
 terium Pietatis, 1672. Dualitas, Edin., 1674, etc. 
 
 " As his life was pious and devout, so was his sickness and death, 
 to the great comfort of those then present with bun." Wood's 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Annerson, or Anneson, James. See MAXWELL, 
 JAMES. 
 
 Annesley, Alexander, author of several treatises 
 on Political Economy, and of the Compendium of the Law 
 of Marine, Life, and Fire Insurance ; pub. Lon., 1800-8. 
 
 Annesley, Arthur, Earl of Anglesey, 1614-1686, 
 was Lord Privy-Seal under Charles II. He became a 
 Fellow-Commoner of Magd. Coll., Oxf., about 1630. At 
 the Restoration he was created Earl of Anglesey. His 
 lordship was the author of a number of political and theo 
 logical works. Truth Unveiled, with a treatise on Tran- 
 substantiation, Lon., 1676. The King's Right of Indul 
 gence in Spiritual Matters, with the equity thereof asserted, 
 1688. Happy Future State of England, 1688. Memoirs, 
 Ac., 1693, etc. 
 
 " He was a person very subtil, cunning, and reserved in the 
 managery and transacting his affairs ; of more than ordinary parts, 
 and one who had the command of a very smooth, sharp, and 
 keen pen. He was also much conversant in Books, and a great 
 Calvinist, but his known countenance and encouragement given 
 to persons of very different persuasions in matters of religion, hath 
 left it somewhat difficult, at least in some men's judgments, per 
 emptorily to determine among what sort of men, as to point of re 
 ligion, he himself ought in truth to have been ranked." Wood's 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Bishop Burnet describes him as a tedious and ungraceful 
 orator ; a grave, abandoned, corrupt man, whom no party 
 would trust. But on the other hand, see Dr. Campbell's 
 life of his lordship in the Biographia Britannica, who de 
 clares that " it is not easy to say any thing worthy of so 
 great a man's character." When Drs. Burnet and Camp 
 bell disagree, who shall decide ? 
 
 " That his Lordship sailed with the times, remains notorious. 
 Those principles must be of an accommodating temper which could 
 suffer the same man to be president of a republican council of 
 state, and recommend him for chancellor to an arbitrary and 
 popish king. Once when the Earl of Essex charged him iu the 
 House of Lords with being prayed for by the Papists, Anglesey 
 said, ' He believed it was not so; but if Jews in their synagogues, 
 or Turks in their mosques, would pray for him unasked, he should 
 be glad to be the better for their devotion.' " Walpole's K. & N. 
 Authors. 
 
 " He was capable of great application, and a man of a grave de 
 portment; but stuck at nothing and was ashamed of nothing 
 
 He seemed to have no regard to common decencies, but sold every 
 thing that was in his power, and sold himself so often, that at last 
 the price fell so low that he grew useless." Burners History of 
 the Kfign of Charles II. 
 
 Dr. Kippis, the editor of the Biographia Britannica, was 
 quite indignant at Walpole's styling it (for giving, as he 
 thought, too favourable an opinion of our author) " Vindi- 
 catio Britannica," or a "Defence of Everybody;" where 
 upon the editor remarks, in his 2d edition, 
 
 " If we have been guilty of an excess of gentleness, we must 
 guard for the future against this amiable error. It will behoove us, 
 for instance, when we come to the Life of Sir Robert \Valpole, to 
 take care that we be not too milky." 
 
 The lively Horace could have afforded to laugh at this 
 threat; his alphabetical distance from the Doctor's ven 
 geance rendered him very secure. Before the glowly-fi'l- 
 vancing foe could reach the letter "W," the "Blue" aud 
 
ANN 
 
 the " Red Chambers," the " Round Tower," and the Tri 
 bune" of Strawberry Hill, would, in all probability, know 
 no more the collector of trinkets, and the distributor of bons 
 mots. True enough ! some eighteen years were required to 
 reach the letter " F," and the "force of" book-making 
 " could no further go." At this rate, would it not require a 
 Methuselah of an editor to punish Walpole, Sir Robert, for 
 the sins of Walpole, Horace ? Let not the alphabetical 
 editor threaten in " A" what he intends to do in " W !" 
 " Life is short," and biographies are " long ;" which last 
 consideration induces us to resume, that we may speedily 
 cut short, that of Arthur, Earl of Anglesey. We shall 
 gratify Anthony Wood, who seems in this instance quite 
 sanguinary, by permitting him to despatch our " Author 
 Anglesey," as he rather contemptuously designates the earl : 
 
 " At length, after our author, Arthur. Earl of Anglesey, had acted 
 the part of a Politician, and ran with 'the times for more than 45 
 years, he gave way to fete in his house in Drury Lane, in 1686. 
 He left behind him a choice library of books, which were exposed 
 to sale by way of Auction, in Oct., Nov., &c. following." 
 
 The mention of that " Library of books" will touch, a 
 chord in the bosom of many a Bibliomaniac ; and being 
 slightly of that order ourselves, we shall crave the indul 
 gence of the general reader to linger a moment in this 
 " Library." Dr. Campbell gives the earl no small praise 
 for his book-collecting zeal : 
 
 " He was one of the first English Peers who distinguished him 
 self by collecting a fine library, which he performed with great 
 care, as well as at a large expense ; and as he was desirous that so 
 valuable a collection might not be quickly dissipated, but remain 
 in his femily, he caused it to be disposed in a manner suitable to 
 its worth in a particular department of Anglesey House. But 
 these precautions proved fruitless, as his Lordship's good inten 
 tions likewise did ; his books, within a few months after his de 
 cease, being exposed to public sale by Mr. Millington, a famous 
 auctioneer." 
 
 We marvel that Dr. Dibdin omitted to place our Biblio 
 maniac in his list of " Collectors of Books in Great Bri 
 tain." See BIBLIOMANIA. Now this auction sale would 
 be memorable were it only for the discovery of the " fa 
 mous memorandum," made by the earl on the blank leaf 
 of a copy of EIKON BASILIKE; but we must not prolong 
 this hydra-headed article by any further dissertations. 
 How this curious memorandum was accidentally disco 
 vered, how it was purposely published, how a great contro 
 versy thence arose, how sundry controversialists were " set 
 together by the ears," how men, usually amiable enough, in 
 disputing about the EIKON BASILIKE presented any thing 
 but the portraiture of unprejudiced judges in the premises 
 all these matters will be found in the Life of Bp. Gauden, 
 in the present volume. For a detailed account of the 
 whole controversy, the reader is referred to the Biog. Bri- 
 tannica, article Gauden. 
 
 Annesley,' or Anslay. Trans. The Boke of the Cyte 
 of Ladyes, Lon., 1521. 
 
 Annesley, Sir James. 1. Researches into the 
 Causes of Diseases of India, Lon., 2 vols. imp. 4to, 14 14. 
 2d.; 2d ed., 1841, 12s.; 3d ed., 1855, 8vo. 2. Sketches of 
 Diseases Prevalent in India, 8vo. 
 
 Annesley, Sir Francis. Copy of Sentence of War, 
 Ac., with his Petition against Earl of Stafford, Lon., 1641. 
 
 Annesley, or Aneley, Saml., LL.D., 1620 ?-1696, a 
 very eminent Nonconformist minister, pub. sermons, Lon., 
 1655-92, and wrote a supplement to the Morning Exercise 
 at Cripplegate. 
 
 " He with much ado (being naturally dull, yet industrious) got 
 to be Bach, of Arts, notwithstanding he that presented him to that 
 degree (who did swear that he knew him to be aptus, Tiabilis, and 
 idoneus) did take a hard oath for him."- Wood's Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Anneson, or Annerson, James. See MAXWELL, 
 JAMES. 
 
 Annet. Short-Hand Perfected, 1761. 
 
 Annet, Peter. A Collection of the Tracts of a cer 
 tain Free Enquirer, noted by his sufferings for his opin 
 ions, 1766, respecting himself. 
 
 "The tracts here reprinted, are chiefly those which appeared 
 on the infidel side of the question, in the notable controversy con 
 cerning the resurrection of Christ, in the years 1744 and 1745 ; the 
 answers to Mr. Jackson's Letter to the Deists, and to Lord Lytleton's 
 Observations on St. Paul, with some others." Lon. Monthly Rev. 
 
 See CHANDLER, SAMUEL, p. 367, post. 
 
 Annet's Works, 1739, contains also the tract Social Bliss 
 considered, (or all things in community,) which is the 
 germ of Owenism and Socialism. 
 
 Anselm, 1033-1109, like his predecessor Lanfranc, 
 was a native of Italy. He was born at Aosta, in Pied 
 mont, at the foot of the Graian Alps, about the year 1033. 
 In his childhood he had imbibed religious sentiments from 
 the teaching and example of his mother, and exhibited an 
 early taste for learning. His father discouraged the child 
 
 ANS 
 
 in his pursuits, and when, at the age of fifteen, Anselm 
 ventured to declare his wish to embrace a monastic life, 
 the anger of the parent was so strongly expressed, that the 
 youth determined to quit his home and country, and throw 
 himself upon the wide world. Of the next three years of 
 Anselm's life, we only know that they were spent, perhaps 
 fruitlessly, partly in Burgundy and partly in France. It 
 does not appear how he was occupied during this period, 
 but in the course of his wanderings he arrived at Avranches, 
 and there he first heard of the fame of his countryman 
 Lanfranc and the school of Bee. The eagerness after 
 learning which had distinguished Anselm in his childhood 
 now returned, and he hastened to Bee to place himself un 
 der Lanfranc's tuition. He devoted himself to his studies 
 with wonderful perseverance, scarcely quitting his books 
 by night or by day, and often forgetting his meals. When 
 Lanfranc at length made him a partner in his labours, and 
 intrusted to him the instruction of others, Anselm showed 
 little taste for his occupation; he preferred solitude and 
 meditation to an active life, and after much doubting as to 
 where and how he should take the habit, and after con 
 sulting with Lanfranc and with Maurilius, Archbishop of 
 Rouen, he became a monk in the abbey of Bee, in the 
 twenty-seventh year of his age, (A. D. 1060.) Still he was 
 not allowed to remain inactive; for, when Lanfranc was 
 made Abbot of Caen, (not, as commonly supposed, in 1063, 
 but in 1066,) Anselm was chosen to succeed him as Prior 
 of Bee, an office which he held till Abbot Herluin's death 
 in 1078, when he was further raised to be his successor. 
 As monk and prior, he was distinguished so much by 
 his piety and virtues, that his brethren believed him to 
 be possessed of the power of working miracles. The abbey 
 of Bee had possessions in England, and soon after his 
 election Abbot Anselm found it necessary to visit them. 
 This was a favourable opportunity of consulting with his 
 ancient friend Lanfranc, by whom he was received at 
 Canterbury with the greatest marks of distinction and 
 esteem. He spent a short time in the society of the monks 
 of Canterbury, and gave his advice in the question then 
 agitated relating to the sanctity of the Saxon Archbishop 
 jElfege. In other parts of England, Anselm was received 
 with the same marks of respect as at Canterbury. In 
 1088, Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, died, and in 
 1093, Anselm, much against his will, obeyed the commands 
 of William Rufus, by accepting the vacant see. He died 
 of a lingering illness, attended by a distaste for all kinds 
 of nourishment, on the 21st of April, 1109, in the seventy- 
 sixth year of his age, after having held the see of Canter 
 bury sixteen years. He was buried in his cathedral, at 
 the head of his friend and predecessor, Lanfranc. 
 
 By his rare genius he did much towards bringing 
 metaphysics into repute. He laid the foundation of a new 
 school of theology, which was free from the servile cha 
 racter of the older writers, who did little more than collect 
 together a heap of authorities on the subjects which they 
 treated. The Monologium and the Proslogium are admir 
 able specimens of abstract reasoning. His reading was 
 extensive, and his style is clear and vigorous. His pub 
 lished writings are, 1. The Monologion, a metaphysical 
 treatise, in which Anselm attempts to establish, by ab 
 stract reasoning, the existence of God, his attributes, &c. 
 He submitted this work to the judgment of Lanfranc, be 
 fore he ventured to publish it. 2. The Proslogion, in which 
 he undertakes to prove the existence of God by one single, 
 continued argument. 3. The answer to Gaunilo, a monk 
 of Marmoutier, who had criticised the Proslogion, and 
 espoused the cause of the incipiens (whom Anselm had 
 introduced as his imaginary opponent) against Anselm's 
 arguments. In this tract he enlarges and explains some 
 of his arguments which had been misunderstood. 4. On 
 the Trinity and the Incarnation, a controversial treatise 
 against the celebrated philosopher Roscelin. 5. On the 
 Procession of the Holy Ghost, another controversial trea 
 tise, in which he collected the arguments he had employed 
 in the Council of Bari against the Greeks, who denied that 
 the Holy Ghost proceeded from the Son. Anselm is said 
 to have written this book between 1100 and 1103, at the 
 request of Hildebert, Bishop of Mans. 6. Dialogue in 
 twenty-eight chapters, De casu Diaboli, treating chiefly on 
 the subject of the origin of evil. 7. A treatise entitled 
 Cur Deus Homo ? in two books, written in the form of a 
 dialogue between the author and Boso, Abbot of Bee, for 
 j the purpose of showing the necessity of the Christian 
 scheme of redemption, and proving the resurrection of the 
 1 body. It was begun in England, and finished in Italy. 
 8. A treatise in twenty-nine chapters on the Conception 
 of the Virgin, and on Original Sin, composed at Lyons, 
 
ANS 
 
 ANS 
 
 and addressed to the same Abbot Boso who appears in the 
 Cur Deus Homo ? 9. A dialogue De Veritate between a 
 Master and his Disciple. 10. A treatise De Voluntate, 
 first published by Gerberon, who found it without the 
 name of the author, but with strong internal proofs that 
 it was the work of Anselm. 11. A dialogue De Libero 
 Arbitrio. 12. The treatise De Concordia praescientiae et 
 praedestinationis et gratiae Dei cum libero arbitrio. This 
 was Anselm's last, and perhaps his most profound work, 
 in which he undertakes to prove, first, that prescience is 
 not repugnant to free-will ; secondly, that predestination 
 does not exclude free-will j and, thirdly, that grace does 
 not exclude free-will. 13. A short tract De Fermento 
 et Azymo. 14 and 15. Two brief treatises on Priests who 
 keep Concubines, and on Marriage between certain degrees 
 of affinity, questions then agitated in England. 16. A 
 dialogue on Dialectics, entitled De Grammatico. 17. A 
 very short treatise De Voluntate Dei. 18. Sixteen homilies. 
 
 19. A treatise on the Contempt of Temporal Things. 
 
 20. Another short tract in question and answer, entitled, 
 Admonitio morienti. 21. Twenty-one Meditations, of 
 some of which the authenticity is doubtful. 22. A collec 
 tion of seventy-four prayers. 23. Hymns, and a Psalter 
 of the Virgin, which are probably erroneously attributed 
 to Anselm. 24. A large collection of miscellaneous letters, 
 many of which afford valuable materials for the history 
 of the time. 25. His Constitutions. In addition to these, 
 the writers of the Histoire Litteraire de France enumerate 
 no less than thirty-six treatises which have been wrongly 
 attributed to Anselm. Among these we may place the 
 poem De Conteinptu Mundi, which was the work of Alex 
 ander Neckham. Some additions might still be made from 
 manuscripts to his authentic works, particularly to the 
 Homilies, Meditations, and Letters ; and perhaps some of 
 Anselm's writings are entirely lost, such as the poem on 
 the death of Lanfranc, mentioned by Ordericus Vitalis. 
 
 Opera et tractatus beat! Anselmi archiepiscopi Cantuarien. ordi- 
 
 nis sancti Benedicti. At the end, Opera sancti Anselmi que is 
 
 scripsit hoc libro quam salutari sidere clauduntur. Anno xp'i. 
 
 M. cccc. Ixxxxj. die vero vicesima septima martii Nurenberge. per 
 
 Caspar Hochfeder: opifecem mira arte ac diligentia impressa. fol. 
 
 This volume contains the Duo libri cur Deus homo; liber unus de 
 
 incarnatione verbi ; De conceptu virginali et peccato originali ; De- 
 
 claratio cujusdam de eodem; Proslogion; Monologion; De proces- 
 
 sione spiritus sancti contra Graecos ; Dyalogus de casu Dyaboli ; 
 
 Pro insipiente; contra insipientem; De diversitate sacramen to- 
 
 rum ; De fermento et azimo ; Expositiones membrorum et actuuin 
 
 Dei et vestimentorum; Devoluntate; De concordia prsescientiae et 
 
 praedestinationis et gratiae Dei cum libero arbitrio ; De libero arbi 
 
 trio; De veritate; De similitudinibus ; De mensuratione crucis; 
 
 Meditationes magnae Anselmi ; Meditatio ejusdem de redemptione 
 
 generis humani; De passione Domini; Speculum evangelici ser- 
 
 monis ; Homelia, Intravit Jesus in quoddam castellum ; Epistolae 
 
 Sancti Anselmi ; De imagine mundi. This edition was reprinted 
 
 in 1494. Sermones tres de passione Christi. Argentie, M. cccc. 
 
 xcvj. 4to. At the end, sig. & 4, is added, Anselmi devotissimi de 
 
 passione Jesu Christi queretis de gloriosissime b't'e Marie V'gnis 
 
 respondent! dyalogus incipit feliciter. Opuscula beati Anselmi 
 
 archiepiscopi Cantuariensis ordinis sancti benedicti. fol. without 
 
 name of place or date. It contains two tracts not in the edition 
 
 of 1491, De miseria hominis, and De excellentia Virginis Mariae. 
 
 It also contains an index. There was another edition of the Opus- 
 
 cula without date. Omnia divi Anselmi Cantuariensis archiepis 
 
 copi theologorum omnium sui temporis facile principis Opuscula, 
 
 Antonii Democharis Ressonaei industria nunc primum restituta. 
 
 Parisiis, 1544, fol. This contains, in addition to the previous edi 
 
 tions, the tracts De similitudinibus, and De voluntate Dei. Re 
 
 printed in 1549. D. Anselmi Cantuariensis archiepiscopi, theolo 
 
 gorum omnium sui temporis facile principis, neminique eorum qui 
 
 post eum fuerunt vel sanctitate, vel eruditione, vel eloquentia se- 
 
 cundi, luculentissimae in omnes sanctissimi Pauli apostoli epistolas 
 
 et aliquot Evangelia enarrationes. Has enarrationes alii D. Heroaeo 
 
 ascribunt., Parisiis, 1544, fol. Opera Venet. 1549. This edition ap 
 
 pears to have been reprinted at the same place in 1568. Anselmi 
 
 'Elucidarium, Paris, 1560. Opera Colon. 1560, fol., and again, Co 
 
 lon. 1573, fol. B. Anselmi Vita et Opera iv. tomis, ubi ejus Epis 
 
 tolae adjectae sunt et notis illustrates, per Job. Piccardum. Col. 
 
 Agr. 1612. More complete than any of the preceding editions. 
 
 B. Anselmi Opera extraneis in Sacros Libros Commentariis exone- 
 
 rata, recensuit et edidit Theoph. Raynaudus. Lugd. 1630, 3 vols. 
 
 fol. S. Anselmi Cantuariensis archiepiscopi de Felicitate Sancto 
 
 rum disssrtatio, Exscriptore Eadinero Anglo canonico regulari. 
 
 Editore Joanne Bapt. de Machault, Parisino, Soc. Jesu. Parisiis. 
 
 1639, 8vo. The dialogue De libero arbitrio, was published in the 
 
 third volume of the Opuscula of St. Augustine, 4to, Lovan. 1648. 
 
 Divi Aurelii Augustini Hippon. episcopi Meditationes, Soliloquia, 
 
 et Manuale, Meditationes B. Anselmi, cum tratatu de humani 
 
 generis redemptione, Ac. Coloniae Agrippinae, 1649, 16mo. D'Ache- 
 
 rii Spicilegium, 4to, 1653-1677, torn. iii. p. 24. Second Edit. Paris, 
 
 1723, fol. vol. i. pp. 443-449. Sancti Anselmi Cantuariensis archie 
 
 piscopi tractatus asceticus, 4to. torn. iii. p. 121, tom.ix. pp. 116-123, 
 
 Second ed. torn. iii. p. 433-435. Some letters of Anselm. Usher, 
 
 Veterum Epistolarum Hibernicarum Sylloge., 4to. Dublin., 1633; 
 
 pp. 88-99. Six letters of Anselm. Sancti Anselmi ex Beccensi al> 
 
 bate Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi Opera . . . labore ac studio D 
 
 Gabrielis Gerberon monachi congregationis S. Mauri ad MSS. fidom 
 
 64 
 
 expurgata et aucta. Secunda editio, correcta et aucta. Lutetia 
 Parissiorum, 1721, fol. The first edition was published at Paris in 
 1675. A third was printed at Venice, 1744, in 2 vols. folio. The 
 works of S. Anselm, more or less complete, will also be found in 
 different collections printed under the title of Bibliotheca Patrum. 
 
 Translations. 
 
 A French translation of the Meditations of Anselm was pub 
 lished in 1571, and reprinted in 1588, 1602, and 1042. Another 
 French translation of the Meditations, by Cerizius, appeared in 
 1660. A German translation of the Meditations had been printed 
 at Lunenberg in 1638. The Mount of Olives; or, Solitary Devo 
 tions. By Henry Vaughan, Silurist. With an excellent discourse 
 of the blessed state of Man in Glory, written by the most reverend 
 and holy father Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, and now done 
 into English, London, 1652, 12mo. A third French translation 
 of the Meditations was published anonymously in 1700. Pious 
 Breathings. Being the Meditations of St. Augustine, his Treatise 
 of the Love of God, Soliloquies, and Manual, to which are added 
 Select Contemplations from St. Anselm and St. Bernard. Made 
 English by George Stanhope, D.D., chaplain in ordinary to his 
 Majesty, London, 1701, 8vo. A translation into French of the 
 treatise Our Deus homo * has been recently published in Paris. 
 Abbreviated from Wright's Ping. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Alison, George, Lord, 1697-1762. Voyage round 
 the World in 1740-2-3-4; compiled from his papers, and 
 published under his direction ; with Charts of the Southern 
 part of South America, of part of the Pacific Ocean, and 
 of the Track of the " Centurion" round the World, by 
 Richard Walter, A.M., Lon., 1748. Most of this work was 
 composed by Peter Robbing. 
 
 " Anson's Voyage will contribute more to call forth genius, and 
 open the blossoms of the mind, than a dull didactic treatise of the 
 most sagacious philosopher." Knox's Essays. 
 
 A voyage which is still about the most delightful of any with 
 which we are acquainted." Edinburgh Review, April, 1839. 
 
 In 1752 was pub. a Supplement to Lord Anson's Voyage 
 round the World, containing a Discovery and Description 
 of the Island of Frivola. By the Abbg Coyer. To which is 
 prefixed an introductory Preface by fhe translator. This 
 a satirical romance, in which the French nation (Fri 
 vola) is most severely ridiculed. 
 
 " The modern French are represented as a race of triflers, wit 
 lings, and fops, whose effeminate manners, and slavish notions of 
 government, are contrasted with the supposed manlier conduct of 
 the English. As our judgment may be thought biassed on the 
 present occasion, we shall say the less of this entertaining per 
 formance of the Abbess." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 " Anson was the veriest Bull Dog of all circumnavigators, lov 
 ing nothing better than tough contests, by sea and by land; a 
 Spanish Galleon, or a hostile town, was equally an object of attack, 
 and he returned from his three years and nine months' absence 
 laden with more spoil and wealth than it had fallen to the lot of 
 any individual to bring home." DIBDIN. 
 
 See Life of Lord Anson, by Sir J. Barrow, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Anspach, Elizabeth, Margravine of, 1750-1828. 
 the youngest daughter of Augustus, fourth Earl of Berke 
 ley, pub. a number of works, 1778-1826. The principal 
 are, 1. Journey through the Crimea to Constantinople, 
 Lon., 1789. 2. Letters from Lady Craven to the Mar 
 grave of Anspach, during her Travels through France, 
 Germany, Russia, Ac., in 1785-87, Lon., 1814. 3. Me 
 moirs of the Margravine of Anspach, written by herself, 
 Lon., 1826. 
 
 "These delightful volumes remind us of the best French me 
 moirs, a species of literature in which we are wofully deficient." 
 Lon. N. Monthly Magazine. 
 
 " The Margravine of Anspach claims attention rather from cir 
 cumstances than talent. She was a light and vivacious woman, 
 of a school which is rapidly going by, and which it is of the least 
 possible consequence to renovate." 
 
 Anspach, Rev. F. R., b. 1817, Penn. Systematic 
 Benevolence, 1853. Sepulchres of our Departed, 12mo. 1854. 
 
 " A fine tone pervades the volume, and it abounds in just sen 
 timents ornately expressed." Presbyterian. 
 
 Anspach, Rev. L. A., a magistrate of Newfound 
 land. A Sermon in French, 1798. Summary of the 
 Laws of Commerce and Navigation, adapted to the present 
 State, Government, and Trade, of the Island of New 
 foundland, Lon., 1809. 
 
 " The law on these several matters is here laid down with groat 
 precision, and expounded with clearness." Lon. Monthly Itevirw. 
 
 Ansted, David Thomas, b. 1812, London, a dis 
 tinguished geologist, educated at Cambridge, Prof. Gcol. 
 King's Coll., London, Ass. Sec. Geol. Soc. and ed. of its 
 Journal and Proceedings. 1. Geology, Introductory, De 
 scriptive, and Practical, 1844, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo. This 
 work gave its author a high position as a geologist. 2. 
 Geologist's Text-Book, 1845. 3. The Ancient World; or, 
 Picturesque Sketches of Great Britain, 1847. 4. The Gold- 
 Seeker's Manual, 12mo. 5. Elementary Course of Geology, 
 Mineralogy, &c., p. 8voj 2d ed., 1856. 6. Notes on 
 Scenery, Science, and Art, 8vo. 
 
 Anster, John, LL.D., b. 1793, Charleville, Ireland, 
 Regius Prof. Civil Law in Trinity College, Dublin. Prize 
 
ANS 
 
 APL 
 
 Poem on the death of the Princess Charlotte, 1817. Poems, 
 with trans, from the German, 1819. Faustus ; from the 
 German of Goethe, 1835. Highly praised by S. T. Cole 
 ridge, Blackwood's Mag. and Edin. Rev., and Dr. Mac 
 kenzie. Xeniola, with other Poems and Translations, 1837. 
 Introductory Lecture on the Study of the Civil Law, 1849. 
 Contrib. largely to Blackwood's Mag., Dublin Univ. Mag., 
 Ac. 
 
 Anstey, Christopher, 1724-1805, was a son of the 
 Rev. Christopher Anstey, Rector of Brinkeley, in Cam 
 bridgeshire. He pub. a number of works, 1766-1804; 
 but his fame rests upon The New Bath Guide, one of the 
 most popular poems of the day, pub. in Lon., 1766. 
 Dodsley gave 200 for the copyright, which Anstey be 
 stowed in aid of the hospital at Bath. The publisher de 
 clared that the profits on the sale weie greater than he 
 had ever gained in the same period by any other book, 
 and in 1777 he returned it to the author. 
 
 ' There are a thousand strains of humour in these high wrought 
 Epistles, some of which do not occur to you at the first reading ; 
 si propius, te capiet magis : the author frequently heightens 
 and enriches his humour by parodies and imitations." Lon. 
 Monthly Review, 1766. 
 
 Smollett has borrowed so largely from Anstey, that 
 Humphrey Clinker may almost be called The New Bath 
 Guide in Prose, so far as characters and situations are 
 concerned. 
 
 " But Anstey's diverting satire was but a slight sketch compared 
 to the finished and elaborate manner in which Smollett has, in the 
 first place, identified his characters, and then filled them with lan 
 guage, sentiments, and powers of observation in exact corres 
 pondence with their talents, temper, condition, and disposition." 
 SIR WALTER SCOTT. 
 
 Several authors, who shall be nameless, have committed 
 a grave error in charging Anstey with borrowing from 
 Smollett ; whereas The New Bath Guide was published in 
 1766, whilst Humphrey Clinker was not written until 
 1770, and was published in 1771. 
 
 Anstey, John, son of the preceding. The Pleader's 
 Guide. A Didactic Poem, Lon., 1796. The Poet. Works 
 of the late Christopher Anstey, Esq., Ac., Lon., 1808. 
 
 Anstey, T. C. Guide to the Laws of England- af 
 fecting Roman Catholics, Lon., 1842. 
 
 "This is the only professed treatise upon the laws of Great Bri 
 tain relative to the Koman Catholics, and contains much valuable 
 information respecting Nonconformists of every denomination. 
 The author has ably discussed the conflict of imperial with local 
 laws a branch of the conflict of laws that Mr. Justice Story and 
 Mr. Burge have omitted in their treatise upon the Conflict of 
 Laws. He is also of opinion that confessions made to a Catholic 
 clergyman are, upon legal principles, privileged communications. 
 Mr. Anstey's work is a complete and valuable treatise upon the 
 rights and liabilities of Catholics. 24 L. 0. 535; E. Jurist, 25 E." 
 Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 Lectures on Laws and Constitution of England, p. 8vo. 
 
 Anstice, Robt. Work on Wheel-Carriages, Lon., 
 1790. Inquiry into Laws of Falling Bodies, Lon., 1794. 
 
 Anstie, J. Works upon Commerce, Lon., 1787-1802. 
 
 Anstis, John, 1699-1745, a learned heraldic writer, 
 and Garter king-at-arms, was born at St. Neot's, in Corn 
 wall, and educated at Oxford, and at the Middle Temple. 
 He was M.P. in the reigns of Anne and George I. He 
 left a number of very curious and laborious works in MS. 
 Of his published essays the most important are, The Re 
 gister of the most noble Order of the Garter, Lon., 1724 
 2 vols. folio; usually called The Black Book, from its 
 black velvet cover. Observations introductory to an His 
 torical Essay on the Knighthood of the Bath,. Lon., 1725 
 
 Anstruther, Alex. Reports of Cases in the Court 
 of Exchequer from E. T. 32 George III. to T. T. 37 Geo 
 III., Lon., 1796-97, 3 vols. 2d ed., Lon., 1817 
 
 " Anstruther's Reports are carefully ami accurately compiled 
 L^dBibl yS conside reda good authority.--JfaS 
 
 Anstruther, Sir John. On Drill Husb., Lon 1796 
 
 "He must have possessed a very ample and correct practical 
 knowledge of agriculture." DONALDSON: AfjricuU Bioo 
 
 Anstruther, Sir W. Essays, Moral and Divine 
 Edin., 1701. 
 
 Antes, J. Obs. on M. and C. of the Egyptians, Lon., 
 
 Anthon, Chas., LL.D., was born in the city of New 
 York in 1797. In 1820 he was appointed adjunct Profes 
 sor of Languages in Columbia College. New York, and in 
 1835 he was advanced to the station filled for many years 
 by Professor Moore, and vacated by his resignation. He 
 received the^degree of LL.D. from his Alma Mater in 1831. 
 Mr. Anthon's publications have been numerous. His edi 
 tion of Lempriere's Classical Dictionary, was very favour 
 ably received, and immediately republished in England 
 In 1830 appeared his larger edition of Horace, with various 
 
 readings, and a copious commentary; a smaller edition 
 was published in 1833. In 1835, in connection with the 
 publishing house of the Messrs. Harper, Professor Anthon 
 projected a classical series, which should comprise as well 
 the text-books used in academies and schools preparatory 
 to college, as those usually read in colleges and universi 
 ties. This series includes some of the most important 
 Greek and Latin authors. Dr. A. has pub. larger works 
 on Ancient Geography, Greek and Roman Antiquities, 
 Mythology, Literature, &c., in all about 50 vols. 
 
 Dr. Anthon's Classical Series has proved one of the most 
 successful enterprises of the kind in America. 
 
 Anthon, Charles E. Pilgrimage to Treves in 1844, 
 N. York, 12mo. 
 
 Anthon, Henry. Easy Catechism, N. York, 18mo. 
 Catechism on the Church Homilies ; Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, N. 
 York, ISmo. 
 
 Anthon, John, b. at Detroit, 1784, an eminent Ame 
 rican lawyer and legal writer, brother of Chas. Anthon, 
 LL.D. Essay on the Study of Law ; improved and finally 
 prefixed to Mr. A.'s Analysis of Blackstone. 
 
 " This essay is worth the perusal of the legal aspirant." Marvin' t 
 Legal Bill 
 
 Notes to Tidd's Practice. Analysis of Blackstone, 2d 
 ed., Phila., 1832, 8vo. 
 
 " Especially valuable in this country, because it is prepared with 
 peculiar reference to our circumstances." 
 
 " It cannot fail to be a great fevourite with elementary stu 
 dents." Hoffman's Leg. Stud. 160. 
 
 Nisi Prius Cases ; 2 edits. The Law Student American 
 Digest, 1 vol. Edited by J. A. : Booth on Real Actions ; 
 American Precedents, 1821, 8vo, 4th ed.; West Brook- 
 field, 1848, 8vo; Espinasse's Nisi Prius. Shepherd's 
 Touchstone. Oration, July 4, 1812. Contribution to the 
 American Jurist. 
 
 Anthony, Elliot. A Digest of Cases in the Supreme 
 Court of Illinois from 1819 to 1854, Philadelphia, 1855, 8vo. 
 
 Anthony, Dr. Francis, 1550-1623, a noted empiric 
 and chemist, was the father of the controversy concerning 
 the Aurum Potabile, in which Dr. Gwinne and Dr. John 
 Gotta took part. He declared that he could produce an 
 extract, or honey, of gold, which he calls the " Universal 
 Medicine," from its marvellous effects upon the human 
 system. His first treatise on this subject was published in 
 1598. In 1610 he pub. Medicinae Chymicae et veri pota- 
 bilis Auri Assertio, <fec. 
 
 Anthony, John, 1587-1655, son of the preceding. 
 Lucas Redivivus, or the Gospel Physician, prescribing (by 
 way of Meditation) Divine Physic, to prevent diseases not 
 yet entered upon the Soul, and to cure those maladies 
 which have already seized upon the Spirit, Lon., 1656. 
 The Comfort of the Soul, 1654. 
 
 So great was the demand for the father's Aurum Pota 
 bile, that the son made a handsome living by its sale. 
 
 Anthony, Susanna, of Rhode Island. Extracts 
 from her writings were pub. by Dr. Hopkins, 2d ed., 1810. 
 
 A n till, Ed., of N. Jersey. Cultivation of the Vine. 
 Amer. Trans., i. 181, 1789. Method of Curing Figs. Ib. 
 i. 266. 
 
 Antisel, Thos. Manual of Agricultural Chemistry, 
 12mo. 2. Irish Geology. 
 
 "These little works are worth notice." Donaldson's Agricutt. 
 Slog. 
 
 Anton, Robt., a minor poet temp. James I. Vice's 
 Anatomy Scourged and Corrected; or, the Philosopher's 
 Satyrs, Lon., 1616. 
 
 " These satires possess little claim on the reader's notice, although 
 there are a few slight notices of the eminent poets contemporary 
 with this almosMorgotten author." Rose's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Antrobus, Benj. Buds and Blossoms of Piety, with 
 some Fruit of the Spirit of Love, Lon., 1691. 
 
 Antrobus, J. 1. Clifton ; a Poem, Lon., 12mo. 2. 
 Parental Wisdom, 8vo. 3. Pilgrim's Dream, and other 
 Poems, 12mo. 4. Student's Manual, 1840, p. 8vo. 5. 
 Wrongs of Poland; a Poem, 8vo. 
 
 Antrobus, R. Brevia Selecta; or, Choice Writs, col 
 lected out of the writings of R. Antrobus and T. Impy, 
 Lon., 1663. 
 
 Antrobus, Thos., Surgeon, Liverpool. An Ampu 
 tation of a Leg, without any subsequent Haemorrhage, 
 Mcd. Obs. and Inq. ii. p. 152, 1762. 
 
 Anvers, Alicia D'. See D'ANVERS. 
 
 Anvers, Caleb D'. See D'ANVERS. 
 
 Anvers, Henry D'. See D'ANVERS. 
 
 Anvers, K. D'. See D'ANVERS. 
 
 An wick. Med. upon God's Monarchic, Lon., 1587. 
 
 Anyan, T. Sermons Acts x. 34, 35. Ps. i. 3, Lon., 1612. 
 
 Apletre,'J. Proposals rcl. to Raw Silk, Lon. 1719. 
 
 65 
 
APP 
 
 ARC 
 
 , Appelins, J. Death of Earl of Hanaw, Lon., 1612. 
 
 Apperley. Essays and Reflections, Lon., 1793. 
 
 Apperley, Charles James, 1777-1843, a popular 
 writer on sporting-subjects. 1. The Chase, Turf, and Road, 
 12mo, pub. in Quar. Rev., 1827. 2. Hunting Reminiscences, 
 8vo. 3. Hunting Tours, Svo. 4. Life of a Sportsman, 
 8vo. 5. Nimrod Abroad, 2 vols. p. Svo. 6. Northern Tour. 
 7. Remarks on the Choice of Horses, Svo. 8. Sporting 
 Annual, imp. 4to. 9. Treatise on the Horse and Hound, 
 p. Svo. Most of the above works were written for periodi 
 cals under the nom deplume of "Nimrod." 
 
 Apperley, T. Observations on Physic, Lon., 1731. 
 
 Applegarth, H. The Common Law Epitomized. 
 Lon., 1660. 
 
 Applegarth, Robt., formerly a Quaker, became a 
 member of the Church of England, and wrote Apology for 
 the Two Ordinances of Jesus Christ, by the Holy Com 
 munion and Baptism, recommended to the Quakers, Lon., 
 1789. Mr. Applegarth pub. some other works on Theology 
 and Political Economy, 1776-92. 
 
 Appleton, Mrs. Eliz. 1. Private Education, 1815. 
 
 " Many practical directions are given in this volume which will 
 be really useful to those who undertake the education of children." 
 Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 This lady had been governess in the family of the Earl 
 of Leven and Melville. 2. Edgar; a National Tale, 3 
 vols. 1810. 
 
 Appleton, Jesse, D.D., 1772-1819, was the second 
 President of Bowdoin College. He pub. several sermons, 
 1797-1818. 
 
 Appleton, John. Reports of the Supreme Judicial 
 Court of Maine in 1841, 2 vols. Svo, being vols. xix. and 
 xx. of Maine Reports, Hallo well, 1842-43. 
 
 Appleton, Nathaniel, D.D., 1693-1784, minister of 
 Cambridge, Mass., pub. a number of Theological works, 
 1728-70. 
 
 Appreece. See RHESE, JOHN DAVID. 
 
 Apsley, Sir Allen. Order and Disorder; or the 
 World made and undone, Lon., 1679. A Poem. 
 
 Apthorp, East, 1732-1816, an Episcopal minister, 
 xras the son of Charles Apthorp, a merchant of Boston, 
 New England. He studied at Jesus College, Cambridge, 
 England, and in 1790 became prebend of Finsbury in St. 
 Paul's Cathedral. He pub. a number of Theological works, 
 1761-86, some of which are held in high estimation. Let 
 ter on the Prevalence of Christianity before its civil estab 
 lishment : with observations on a late History of the De 
 cline of the Roman Empire, Lon., 1778. 
 
 This is one of the many answers to the illogical insinua 
 tions of Gibbon in the above-named work. 
 
 " The author has enriched this work with many learned remarks, 
 and especially with a catalogue of civil and ecclesiastical historians, 
 which the reader will find to be very useful." BISHOP WATSON. 
 
 Discourses on Prophecy, 2 vols., 1786. 
 
 " These discourses were read at the Warburtonian Lectures, at 
 which the celebrated Discourses of Bishop Hurd were also de 
 livered ; and are not unworthy of the object which the learned 
 prelate had in view in the establishment of that foundation. The 
 topics embraced by Dr. Apthorp are, the history of prophecy ; Ca 
 nons of Interpretation ; prophecies of the birth of Christ ; chrono 
 logical characters of the Messiah; theological characters of the 
 Messiah; prophecies of the death of Christ; of the kingdom of 
 Christ; characters of Antichrist; the mystic Tyre, and the origin 
 and progress of the Reformation. These subjects are discussed 
 with considerable ability and originality, and abound with clear and 
 satisfactory views of the great doctrines of Christianity." ORME. 
 
 " A most excellent and highly-esteemed work." LOWNDES. 
 
 Arbuckle, Jas., 1700-1734. 1. Hibernicus's Letters, 
 pub. in the Dublin Journal, Lon., 1729, 2 vols. 2. Poems. 
 
 Arbuthnot, Rev. Alexander, 153S-1582, was Prin 
 cipal of the University of Aberdeen. He edited Bucha 
 nan's History of Scotland, pub. 1582. His only produc 
 tion is his Orationes de Origine et Dignitate Juris., Edin., 
 1572. He was very serviceable to the Church of Scotland. 
 James VI. was much displeased at his editing Buchanan's 
 History. See Delit. Poet. Scot, for Latin verses by Thomas 
 Maitland, and an epitaph by Andrew Melvil, both in ho 
 nour of our author. 
 
 Arbuthnot, Arch. Life, &c., of Lord Lovat, Lon., 
 1746. Life, &c., of Miss Jenny Cameron, Lon., 1746. 
 
 Arbuthnot, John, M.D., 1675-1734-5, was a native 
 of Arbuthnot, near Montrose. He studied at the College 
 of Aberdeen, where he took his degree of M.D. Upon his 
 removal to London, his uncommon powers of wit and ripe 
 scholarship introduced him to the society of the principal 
 literary characters of the day, with whom he was a great 
 favourite. For some time he supported himself by teaching 
 mathematics. In 1697, Dr. Woodward pub. an Essay to 
 wards a natural history of the Earth, in which he threw out 
 some singular views respecting the Deluge. Arbuthnot at 
 
 tacked this Essay with great success in an Examination of 
 Dr. W.'s Account, <fec., which at once established his fame. 
 In 1700, he pub. a treatise On the Usefulness of Mathemati 
 cal Learning, which increased his reputation. An interest 
 ing paper On the Regularity of the Births of both Sexes, (a 
 most conclusive proof of a superintending Providence,) 
 procured his election in 1704 into the Royal Society. In 
 1712 appeared the first part of The History of John Bull, 
 intended to ridicule Maryborough, and dissatisfy the nation 
 with the war. There "never was a political allegory ma 
 naged with more exquisite humour, or with a more skilful 
 adaptation of characters and circumstances." Swift, in 
 his Journal to Stella, and Pope, in Spence's Anecdotes, 
 both attribute this work to Arbuthnot, and certainly their 
 testimony should settle the question. Arbuthnot published 
 a number of other works, the most celebrated of which waa 
 Tables of Ancient Coins, Weights, and Measures; 2d ed.,1727. 
 
 " Although there are several inaccuracies in it, which could 
 hardly be avoided in so intricate a subject, it is a work of great 
 merit, and has ever since been considered as the standard author 
 ity." Encyc. Britannica. 
 
 The "Miscellaneous Works of Dr. Arbuthnot," pub. in 
 2 vols. in 1751, were publicly denied by his son to be his 
 father's productions. 
 
 " Positive as is this assurance, and though some few may be 
 spurious, the style and character of many fully prove them to be 
 genuine." Rose's Biog. Diet. 
 
 The celebrated Scriblerus Club was formed in 1714. 
 Arbuthnot and his intimate friends, Pope, Gray, and Swift, 
 together with Harley, Atterbury, and Congreve, were mem 
 bers of this brilliant circle. The object of these wits was 
 to "ridicule all the false tastes in learning, under the cha 
 racter of a man of capacity enough, that had dipped into 
 every art and science, but injudiciously in each." POPE. 
 The club was not of long continuance, but we have as its 
 fruits, The First Book of Martinus Scriblerus, The Travels 
 of Gulliver, and The Art of Sinking in Poetry. 
 
 " There seems to be every reason to believe, that of the three 
 pieces. Arbuthnot was the sole author of the first, Swift of the 
 second, and Pope of the last." Retrosp. Review. 
 
 Dr. Johnson has asserted that no one was ever wiser, 
 better, or merrier for reading the Memoirs of Scriblerus. 
 During the last illness of Queen Anne, in 1714, Doctors 
 Arbuthnot and Mead attended her majesty : to this Gay 
 alludes in the Prologue to the Shepherd's Week : 
 " This leach Arbuthnot was yclept, 
 Who many a night not once had slept, 
 But watched our gracious sovereign still ; 
 For who could rest while she was ill ?" 
 
 Swift replied to a lady who desired to know his opinion 
 concerning Arbuthnot, " He has more wit than we all have, 
 and his humanity is equal to his wit." In one of his 
 poems, he laments that he is 
 
 " Far from his kind Arbuthnot's aid, 
 "Who knows his art, but not his trade." 
 
 Dr. Johnson, when talking of the eminent writers in 
 Queen Anne's reign, observed : 
 
 " I think Dr. Arhuthnot the first man among them. He was 
 the most universal genius, being an excellent physician, a man 
 of deep learning, and a man of much humour." 
 
 Pope declared that he was fitter to live or die than any 
 man he knew : 
 
 " His good morals were equal to any man's, but his wit and 
 humour superior to all mankind." 
 
 " Oh if the world had but a dozen Arbuthnots in it, I would 
 burn my travels! but. however, he is not without fault. There 
 is a passage in Bede highly commending the piety and learning 
 of the Irish in that age, where, after abundance of praises, he 
 overthrows them all, by lamenting that, alas ! they kept Easter 
 at a wrong time of the year. So our doctor has every quality and 
 virtue that can make a man amiable and useful, but, alas! he 
 hath a sort of slouch in his walk.' : DEAN SWIFT. 
 
 This slouch in the doctor's walk is noticed in a letter 
 from Pope to Mr. Digby, in which, after recommending 
 Arbuthnot to Mrs. Mary Digby, he says : 
 
 " But, indeed, I fear she would not walk with him, for, as Dean 
 Swift observed to me the very first time I saw the doctor, ' He is 
 a man that can do every thing but walk.' " 
 
 "Although he was justly celebrated for wit and learning, there 
 was an excellence in his character more amiable than all his other 
 qualifications : I mean the goodness of his heart. . . . He is seldom 
 serious, except in his attacks upon vice, and there his spirit rises 
 with a manly strength and noble indignation." LORD ORRERY. 
 
 Archard. Essay on the French Nobility, 1798. 
 
 Archbold, J. F., an eminent writer on Law. 1. The 
 Practice qf the Court of King's Bench, in personal Ac 
 tions and Ejectments, 8th ed., by Thomas Chitty. Includ 
 ing the Practice of the Courts of Common Pleas and Ex 
 chequer, 2 vols. 12mo, Lon., 1840, '45, '47; 9th edit., 
 adapted to the Common Law Procedure Act, 1852, entitled 
 ! Proc. Courts Queen's Bench. 2 vols. Svo, 1855; 2d Ame- 
 i rican ed., 2 vols. Svo, New York, 1838. 
 
ARC 
 
 ARC 
 
 "This is the leading work on practice in England. In the 
 United States, Tidd's Practice is probably in more general use 
 than any other English book upon the common law practice, and 
 ' has been universally allowed to be a model of completeness and 
 accuracy.' The reputation of Mr. Archbold's treatise, is mainly 
 attributable to its excellent arrangement and perspicuous style. 
 It had passed through two editions, when Mr. T. Chitty first edited 
 the book, into which he has incorporated the changes made in the 
 English practice, by the ' Uniformity of Process Act,' and the rules 
 and decisions consequent upon its passage. Warren's Law Stu 
 dies, 752 ; 1 Jurist, 46." Marvin's Legal Bill. 
 
 2. The Law and Practice in Bankruptcy, as founded 
 on the recent statutes, 9th ed., by J. Flather, 12mo, Lon., 
 1842; 10th ed., 1844; llth ed., by John Flather, 1858, 
 12mo. 3. A Summary of the Law relative to Pleading 
 and Evidence in Criminal Cases, with the statutes, pre 
 cedents of indictments, <fcc., and the evidence necessary to 
 support them; 9th ed., by Sir J. Jervis, Knt., 12mo, Lon., 
 1843; llth ed., by W. N. Welsby, 1849 ; 18th ed., by Welsby, 
 Lon., 1856 ; 4th American ed., 8vo, New York, 1843 ; 5th, 
 from 10th Lon. ed., 1846. 
 
 " Trifling as it may seem, it has cost me much time and great 
 labour. I have taken infinite pains to simplify my subject; to 
 reject every thing redundant or irrelevant; to compress the whole 
 into the smallest possible compass consistent with perspicuity ; and 
 to clothe it in language plain, simple, and unadorned." 
 
 " This treatise is a standard work of great practical utility in 
 England and America." Marvin's Legal Bill. 
 
 4. A Digest of the Law relative to Pleadings and Evidence 
 in Civil Actions; 2d ed., 12mo, Lon., 1837; 2d Amer. ed., 
 from the 2d Lon. ed., N. York, 1838. 5. The New Practice 
 of Attorneys in the Courts of Law at Westminster; with 
 forms, including the recent statute as to attorneys ; also 
 an appendix, comprising questions of practice, 2 vols. 
 12mo, Lon., 1844; 3d ed., 1846, 1847. 
 
 " The author, feeling himself aggrieved at the liberties taken by 
 Mr. Chitty, as editor of his treatise upon The Practice of the Court 
 of Queen's Bench, appears to have prepared this book of Practice 
 is a rival work to that altered by T. Chitty, 2 Jurist, 571." Mar- 
 rin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 6. Peel's Acts, and all other Criminal Statutes, passed 
 from 1 G. IV. to the present time, including the criminal 
 clauses of the Reform Act, with the forms of indictments, 
 tc., and the evidence necessary to support them; 3d ed., 
 J vols. 12mo, Lon., 1835. 
 
 " Peel's Acts, and the Statutes subsequently enacted upon the 
 ubject of the Pleas of the Crown, now form nearly an entire body 
 if Crown Law ; all the great offences (with the exception of High 
 'reason) and many of the minor offences have been made the sub- 
 ect of their provisions. The present edition contains the whole 
 >f the Criminal Statutes passed since the 60th George III ; and 
 ach section, defining an offence, is followed by the form of the 
 ndictment, &c., and the evidence necessary to support it." Mar- 
 Ms Legal Bibl. 
 
 7. Collection of Forms and Entries in the Courts of K. 
 5. and C. P. ; 2d ed., 12mo, Lon., 1828. 8. The Jurisdic- 
 ion and Practice of the Court of Quarter Sessions, with 
 )rms of indictment, notices of appeals, &c., 12mo, Lon., 
 836. 
 
 " This production is in part compiled from the author's previous 
 ublications. Dickinson's treatise upon the same subject, written 
 'iany years since, in consequence of the many changes in the law. 
 as now little practical value. Mr. Archbold's book will be of great 
 Distance to every professional man practising in the Court of 
 uarter Sessions, 1 Jurist, 61." Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 9. Digest of the Laws relative to offences against God and 
 eligion, with the Laws which affect Protestant Dissenters 
 id Roman Catholics, with the Toleration Act, 8vo, Lon., 
 313. 10. Digest of the Pleas of the Crown, 8vo, Lon., 1813. 
 " This is one of three volumes of a Digest of Criminal Law, that 
 r. Archbold had prepared for the press, but about the time this 
 )lume was published, several similar books were issued, and the 
 vo remaining volumes never appeared. However, he has incor- 
 >rated these parts of his unpublished Digest into his Summary 
 ' Pleading and Evidence in Criminal Cases. 9. V." Marvin's Le- 
 il Bibl. 
 
 11. Law relative to Commitments and Convictions by 
 istices of the Peace, with forms, 12mo, London, 1828. 
 {. Recent Criminal Statutes, with forms of indictment, 
 >tes, and index, 12mo, Lon., 1837. 13. The New Bank- 
 pt Act, 5 and 6 Viet. c. 122, with observations, showing 
 e alterations effected in the law and practice, arranged 
 i the plan of, and intended as a supplement to, the 9th 
 1. of Archbold's Bankruptcy, &c. By John Flather, 
 Imo, Lon., 1842. 14. Justice of the Peace and Parish 
 Seer, comprising the Law relative to their several duties, 
 ith all the necessary Forms of Commitments, Convictions, 
 tiers, Ac., 3d ed., 3 vols. 12mo, Lon., 1845 ; 4th ed., 
 146; continued to 1850. The third volume of this work 
 also published separately under the title of Archbold's 
 ior Laws. 15. The Poor Laws. Comprising all the 
 nthorities to 1844; 4th ed., 8vo, Lon., 1845. 
 Mr. Archbold has long since earned a fair and deserved reputa- 
 m for the work of which this is the fourth edition. We think 
 i upon the whole, the best of the Archboldiana. ... Its com- 
 
 plained-of defects are the citing of manuscript cases, without re 
 ferring to the volumes in which they were subsequently printed, 
 unnecessarily increasing ' the perplexing distinctions which beset 
 this vexed branch of the law,' and the omission of the Title Bas 
 tardy." Mirvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 " Notwithstanding its occasional sins of omission and hardihood, 
 we find far more in this book to praise than to criticise, and pro 
 nounce it, in every sense of the word, a useful work." 2 London 
 Law Mag., N. S. 198. 
 
 16. The Law of Nisi Prius; comprising the Declarations 
 and other Pleadings in Personal Actions, and the Evidence 
 necessary to support them, 2 vols. ]2mo, Lon., 1843; 2d 
 ed., 1845 ; 3d Amer. ed., annotated by Hon. J. K. Findlay, 
 Phila., 1853, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "The plan of this work is, to give under each head precedents 
 of the various pleadings in strict accordance with the new system; 
 the evidence necessary to support the various issues taken ; and a 
 concise and correct statement of the general law on all the topics 
 treated of in the work. 
 
 " Mr. Archbold has no superior as a writer of practical works, 
 whether we regard their number, or utility, and but one equal, 
 Mr. Chitty. This treatise is more compressed than Mr. Stephen's 
 Nisi Prius, treating only of personal actions, as assumpsit, account, 
 debt, &c. This work is well arranged, and valuable as far as it 
 goes. Warren's Law Stud. 772; 26 L. 0. 31." Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 17. The Magistrate's Pocket Book, or an epitome of the 
 duties and practice of a Justice of the Peace out of Ses 
 sions, alphabetically arranged, with forms of commitments ; 
 to which is added a copious and general index ; 4th ed., 
 (W. Robinson,) 1842, 12mo. 18. Practice in the Crown 
 side of the Queen's Bench, with forms, <fec., 12mo, Lon., 1844. 
 
 " This work fully sustains the reputation of Mr. Archbold, and 
 higher praise could not well be given." Law Times. 
 
 19. Act for the Amendment of the Poor Laws 4 and 5 
 Wm. IV. c. 76, with a practical introduction, notes, and 
 forms ; 5th ed., 12mo, Lon., 1839. 20. Summary of the Law 
 relative to Appeals against orders of removal, against rates, 
 and against orders of filiation ; together with the Practice of 
 the Court of Quarter Sessions in Appeals; 2d ed., 2 vols. 
 12mo, Lon., 1831. New System of Criminal Procedure, 
 Ac., 1852, 12mo ; Amer. ed. by T. W. Waterman, N. York, 
 1852. In 1811, this useful writer published an edition of 
 Blackstone's Commentaries, with notes, in 4 vols. royal 
 8vo. He is the author of several legal compilations, <fec., 
 in addition to those above noticed. For Mr. Archbold's 
 invaluable labours the thanks of the profession, and the 
 gratitude of the public at large, are eminently due. 
 
 Archbold, John. Serm. on 1 Pet. i. 16, Lon., 1621. 
 
 Arch dale, John. A new Description of the fertile 
 and pleasant Province of Carolina, Lon., 1707. This gen 
 tleman was governor of Carolina, 1695-1701 ? 
 
 " A captain of a vessel from Madagascar, on his way to Great 
 Britain, anchored off Sullivan's Island, and made a present to the 
 governor of a bag of seed rice, which he had brought from the East. 
 This rice the governor divided among some of his friends, who 
 agreed to make an experiment. The success equalled their expec 
 tation, and from this small beginning arose the staple commodity 
 of Carolina." 
 
 Archdall, Mervyn, 1723-1791, an "exemplary Pro 
 testant divine and learned antiquary," was a native of 
 Dublin. He prepared himself, by forty years of zealous 
 labour, for the compilation of his Monasticon Hibernicum; 
 or, as History of the Abbeys, Priories, and other Religious 
 Houses in Ireland, Dublin, 1786. 
 
 " It contains many particulars which will gratify the antiquary's 
 curiosity. ... It is the more valuable on account of its being com 
 piled from authentic official records, the truth of which cannot be 
 called in question." Lon. Monthly Review, 1786. 
 
 " The late learned Dr. Pocock. Bishop of Ossory and of Meath, 
 pointed out the method here adopted, procured many necessary 
 documents, and had the goodness to encourage the author with 
 solid favours. . . . We sincerely congratulate the sister kingdom 
 on such a compilation." Lon. Gentleman's Magazine, 1786. 
 
 In 1789 our learned author pub. an edition of Lodge's 
 Peerage of Ireland, which he increased from four to seven 
 volumes. 
 
 " The cause of the extension of the latter work, however, is at 
 tributed to Mrs. Archdall's skill in deciphering the short-hand 
 notes of Mr. Lodge." Rose's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Let Mrs. Archdall's name be handed down from anti 
 quary to antiquary to the end of time ! 
 
 Archdekin, (called also Mac Gilla Cuddy,) Richard, 
 1619-1690 ? a Jesuit, was a native of Kilkenny. He pub. 
 several theological works, which enjoyed extensive popu 
 larity. His Essay on Miracles was pub. (Louvanii) 1667. 
 The Theologicse Triparta Universa reached the eleventh 
 edition in 1700. "At the time the eighth edition was un 
 dertaken, there were 16,000 copies of this work disposed 
 of, and a great demand for more." 
 
 Archer, A. Serm. on Victory at Blenheim, 1704. 
 
 Archer, C., Observ. on the Effect of Oxygen, &c., 
 Lon., 1798. 
 
ARC 
 
 ARM 
 
 Archer, C. P. Digest of Reports Common Law, 
 Ireland, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Archer, E. Sermon, Zech. vii. 4, 5, 1710. Sermon, 
 1711, Lon. 
 
 Archer, Edmoiid. Charity Sermon on 2 Cor. viii. 
 9, 1712. 
 
 Archer, Jas., a Roman Catholic clergyman. 1. Ser 
 mons for all the Sundays in the Year, Lon., 1788, 4 vols. 
 2. Sermons for the principal Festivals in the Year. Both 
 pub. incorporated, Lon., 1794, 5 vols. 
 " Excellent Catholic sermons." LOWNDKS. 
 
 " It has been Archer's aim to satisfy reason, whilst he pleased, 
 charmed, and instructed her; to impress upon the mind just no 
 tions of the mysteries and truths of the gospel; and to show that 
 the ways of virtue are the ways of pleasantness, and her paths 
 the paths of peace. To almost every Protestant library, and ; to 
 many a Protestant toilet, these sermons have found their way." 
 CHARLES BUTLER. 
 
 Archer, John. Personal Reign of Christ, Lon., 1643. 
 Archer, John, an English physician temp. Charles 
 II. Every Man his own Doctor, Lon., 1671. The same, 
 completed with an Herbal, 1673. Secrets Disclosed; or, 
 a Treatise of Consumptions, their various Causes and 
 Cures, Lon., 1684, 1693. Beloe (Anecdotes, vol. i. 203) 
 gives an account of several inventions by Dr. Archer. 
 
 Archer, J. Statis. Survey of County of Dublin, DubL, 
 1803. 
 
 Archer, John. A Sermon, 1 Kings ii. 15, 1714. 
 Archer, Major, R.A., late Aide-de-Camp to Lord 
 Combermere. Tours in Upper India and Himalaya, Lon., 
 1833, 2 vols. 8vo. Reviewed in Edin. Rev., Iviii. 358. 
 
 Archer, Sir Simon, b. 1581, a zealous antiquary, 
 contributed to King's Vale Royal. Sir Wm. Dugdale, 
 who was greatly aided by Sir Simon in his literary outset, 
 used his patron's collections for Warwickshire when he 
 pub. his Antiquities of that county. See Dugdale's Cor 
 respondence. 
 
 Archer, T. C. First Steps to Economic Botany, 
 Lon., r. 16mo. Popular Economic Botany, sq. 8vo. 
 Archer, W. N. The Double-Armed Man, 1625. 
 Arcy, D'Azile. Prejudice and Physiognomy, 1817. 
 Arcy, Patrick D'. See D'AVERY. 
 Ardern, John, an eminent English surgeon of the 
 4th century. The MSS. of several of his works arc in 
 he British Museum; only one has been printed, Fistula 
 n Ano, translated and pub. by John Read, in 1588. 
 
 " His method of treatment was in accordance with that proposed 
 >y Celsus and Paulus jEgineta. He superseded the cruel practice 
 -f his day, the cautery, as used by Albucasis. ... He may be 
 Doked upon as having been the earliest to introduce a rational 
 >ractice into England." 
 
 Freind and Eloy give an example of his rapacity for 
 ees in cases of operation for the fistula. 
 
 " Centum Marcas (a Nobili) vel XI. libras cum robis et feodis et 
 entum solidos per annum ad terminum vitae. After stipulating 
 vith his patients in regard to the fees he was to receive, he took 
 security for the payment." Rose's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Arderne, Jas., d. 1691, an English divine, was of 
 Christ Coll., Camb., and Brasenose Coll., Oxf. Direc 
 tions concerning the Matter and Style of Sermons, 1671 ; 
 and some other works. He 
 
 " Run with the humour of K. James II., and, therefore, did 
 suffer several indignities and affronts from the vulgar of and near 
 Chester. ... By his will he bequeathed his books and chief part of 
 his estate to provide and maintain a public library in the cathe 
 dral church of Chester for the use of the city and clergy." Food's 
 At/ien. Oxon. 
 
 Such benefactors are "worthy of double honour." 
 Arderon, Wm., a contributor of many papers on 
 Natural Philosophy to Phil. Trans., 1744-63. 
 
 Ardesoif, J. P. A work upon Gunnery, &c., Gos- 
 port, 1772. 
 
 Ardley, Geo. Autumn Leaves ; a Poem, Lon., 1803. 
 Argall, John, d. 1606, of Christ Church, Oxf., be 
 came parson of a market-town in Suffolk, called Hales- 
 worth. 1. De Vera pcenitentia, Lon., 1604. 2. Intro- 
 ductio ad artem Dialecticam, Lon., 1605. 
 " Very facete and pleasant." Wood's Athen. Oxon. 
 Argall, Richard, was author of The Song of Songs 
 Lon., 1621; The Bride's Ornament, Lon., 1621; and some 
 other works. " I must let the reader know," says Anthony 
 Wood, " that in my searches I find one Rich. Argall to be 
 noted in the reign of K. James I. for an excellent divine 
 poet." 
 
 Argall, Sir Samuel, deputy Governor of Virginia 
 1617-19. An account of his voyage from Jamestown, be 
 ginning June 19, 1610, in which, "missing Bermuda, he 
 put over towards Sagadahoc and Cape Cod," and his 
 Letter respecting his voyage to Virginia, 1613, will be 
 found in the collection of Purchas 
 
 Arganston, J. The Mutations of the Seas, Lon., 1683, 
 Argus, Arabella. The Juvenile Spectator, Lon., 
 1812, &c. 
 
 Argyle. See CAMPBELL, GEORGE JOHN DOUGLAS. 
 Arkwright, T. Essay upon Raising Ore, Tr. Soc. 
 Arts, 1791. 
 
 Arlington, Earl of. Letters to Sir Wm. Temple, 
 (1665-70,) and others, Lon., 1701. 
 
 "These letters afford an insight into the secret and obscure 
 management of affairs during the above interesting period." 
 LOWNDES. 
 
 Armigix, T. Varicose Aneurism, Med. Obs. and 
 Inq., 1771. 
 
 Armin, or Armyn, Robert, was attached to the 
 company licensed by K. James I., 1603, under Fletcher 
 and Shakspeare. He was of note as an actor, and the 
 author of several works. Discourse of Eliz. Caldwell, 
 i., 1604. Nest of Ninnies, 1608. Italian Taylor and 
 his Boy, (from the Italian,) 1609. The Biog. Dramatica 
 rives him credit for The Valiant Welshman, pub. by A. 
 I., Lon., 1615. This was reprinted in 1663. A copy of 
 he first edition was sold at Sotheby's, in 1831, for 4 7s. 
 At the Gorclonstoun sale, The Italian Taylor and his Boy 
 old for 12 12s. Reprinted in fac-simile, 1811, price 5s. 
 !n the preface to this tract he anticipates a rough hand 
 ing from the Grub-street critics of his day : 
 
 " Every pen and inck-horne boy will throw up his cap at the 
 lornes of the Moone in Censure, although his wit hang there." 
 
 Armstrong. History of the Minority, Lon., 1764. 
 
 Armstrong. Scottish Atlas, Edin., 1727, <fec. 
 
 Armstrong, Arch. Archy's Dream, Lon., 1641. Ar- 
 chee's Banquet of Jests, 1657; Jests, posthumous, 1660. 
 
 Armstrong, Chas.,M.D. Med. Essays, Lon., 1783- 
 1812. 
 
 Armstrong, F. C. 1. Two Midshipmen; a Novel, 
 Lon.. 3 vols. p. 8vo. 2. War Hawk, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 Armstrong, Fras., M.D. Med. Essays, Ac., 1783-85. 
 
 Armstrong, Geo., M.D. An Essay on the Diseases 
 most fatal to Infants, &c., Lon. 1767. This popular work 
 was repub. in 1771, again in 1788 ; and in 1808 another 
 edition, enlarged, was pub. by A. P. Buchan, M.D. 
 
 'That part of medicine which regards the diseases of infants has 
 hitherto lain uncultivated. I do not pretend to account for this 
 stranjre neglect; nor is it to my purpose." Preface to first editi'm. 
 A load of medicines is in all cases to be condemned, but par 
 ticularly where infants are the patients. The little es?ay before 
 us is chiefly to be commended for its simplicity in this respect. 
 Many of the observations are plain and useful; and the medicines 
 few, efficacious, and easy to be administered." Month. Review, 1767. 
 
 Armstrong, James. Practical Sermons, Lon., 1605. 
 
 Armstrong, John. The Soul's Work and Danger, 
 1704. 
 
 Armstrong, John, Priest-vicar of Exeter Cathedral, 
 and Rect. of St. Paul's, Exeter. Sermons on the Festivals, 
 Oxf., 1845. 
 
 Armstrong, John, M.D. , 1709 ?-1779, a celebrated 
 physician and poet, was the son of a clergyman, and born 
 in the parish of Castleton, in Roxburghshire. He graduated 
 at the University of Edinburgh, receiving his degree of 
 M.D. Feb. 4th, 1732. His first poem, Winter, although 
 written in 1725, was not published until 1770, thirty-five 
 years after his earliest production. A Dialogue between 
 Hygeia, Mercury, and Pluto. The work which established 
 his fame was The Art of Preserving Health, Lon., 1744. 
 Benevolence, a poetical Epistle to Eumenes, appeared seven 
 years later, and in 1753 he gave to the world. Taste, an 
 Epistle to a young Critic. The Art of Preserving Health 
 has been warmly commended by many eminent author 
 ities. Warton praises it for classical correctness ; Dr. Beat- 
 tie predicted that it would " make him known and esteemed 
 by posterity ;" but adds, "And I presume he will be more 
 esteemed if all his other works perish with him." 
 
 " To describe so difficult a thing, gracefully and poetically, as the 
 effects of distemper on a human body, was reserved for Dr. Arm 
 strong, who accordingly hath executed it at the end of his third 
 book of his Art of Preserving Health, where he hath given us that 
 pathetick account of the sweating sickness. There is a clAHUB 
 correctness and closeness of style in this poem, that are truly ad 
 mirable, and the subject is raised and adorned by numberless 
 poetical images." Dr. Warton's Reflections on Didactic Poetry. 
 
 A Short Ramble through France and Italy in 1771; 
 Med. Essays, 1773, 4to. 
 
 Churchill was so enraged at Armstrong's styling him a 
 "bouncing mimic," in his Epistle to John Wilkes, that h< 
 attacked him most savagely in his poem of The Journey. 
 
 Armstrong was of a very querulous temper; and his 
 friend Thomson, the author of The Seasons, remarks, 
 
 " The doctor does not decrease in spleen ; but there is a certain 
 kind of spleen that is both humane and agreeable, like Jacques 
 the play." 
 
ARM 
 
 ARN 
 
 Armstrong, John, M.D., 1784-1829, took the degree 
 of doctor of medicine of the University of Edinburgh in 
 June, 1808. 1. Facts and Observations relative to Puerpe 
 ral Fever, Lon., 1814. 2. Practical Illustrations of Typhus 
 and other Febrile Diseases, 1816. 3. Practical Illustra 
 tions of the Scarlet Fever, Ac., 1818. The second-named 
 work went through three large editions in three successive 
 years, and conferred great celebrity upon its author. The 
 last named publication reached its second edition before 
 the expiration of the year, (1818.) 
 
 " Armstrong was a man of genius; but his attempted contempt 
 of learning much disfigures his orations. He never failed to em 
 brace any opportunity to hold up to ridicule the learning of schools 
 and colleges, and to treat with neglect the claims of learned prac 
 titioners.'' dose's Bing. Diet. 
 
 Contributed to Edin. Med. and Surg. Jour. ; Med. Intel. ; 
 and Trans, of the Associated Apothecaries of England and 
 Wales. Published Ann. Rep. of the Fever Hospital alter 
 nately with Dr. Cleverley. His Lectures appeared in The 
 Lancet, 1825; and again, after his death, in a separate 
 form, edited by one of his pupils. Lectures on the Morbid 
 Anatomy, Nature, and Treatment of Acute and Chronic 
 Diseases, by the late John Armstrong, M.D. ; edited by 
 Joseph Rix, 8vo, Lon., 1834. See Mem. of the Life and 
 Medical Opinions of J. Armstrong, M.D., and by Francis 
 Boot, M.D., 2 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1834. 
 
 Armstrong, John. Hist, of the Is. of Minorca, 1752. 
 
 Armstrong, John, Vicar of Tidenham. The Pastor 
 in his Closet, or, A Help to the Devotions of the Clergy, 
 Oxf., 1847. 
 
 Armstrong, Col. John. History of the Navigation 
 of the Port of King's Lyn and of Cambridge, <fec., Lon. 1725. 
 
 " In 1766, the old title, prefaces, and contents, were cancelled, 
 and new ones printed, and after the table of contents is an addi 
 tion of an Abstract, consisting of two pages." LOWNDES. 
 
 Armstrong, John, 1771-1797, pub. Juvenile Poems, 
 <fec., Lon., 1789. Under the fictitious name of Albert, he 
 pub. 1. Confidential Letters from the Sorrows of Werter, 
 Lon., 1790. 2. Sonnets from Shakspeare, Lon., 1791. 
 
 Armstrong, John, General in the U. S. army, 1758- 
 1843, a native of Carlisle, Penna. Newburg Addresses. 
 Treatise upon Gardening. Treatise upon Agriculture. 
 Review of Genl. Wilkinson's Memoirs. War of 1812, 
 2 vols. Biographical Notice. Gen. A. had partially pre 
 pared a History of the American Revolution. 
 
 Armstrong, John, D.D., late Lord-Bishop of Grahams- 
 town, d. 1856. 1. Parochial Sermons ; 2d ed., Lon., 1857, 
 fp. 8vo. 2. Pastor in his Closet; 2d ed., 1857. fp. 8vo, 
 3. Sermons on the Festivals, 1857. 4. Essays on Church 
 Penitentiaries, 1858. 5. Tracts for the Christian Seasons; 
 1st and 2d Series, 8 vols. 6. Sermons for the Christian 
 Seasons, 4 vols. 7. Tracts for Parochial Use, 7 vols. 8. 
 National Miscellany, 4 vols. 8vo. See Life by Rev. T. 
 T. Carter, M.A., Rector of Clewer; with an Introduction 
 by Samuel, Lord-Bishop of Oxford, fp. 8vo, 1857. 
 
 Armstrong, Leslie. The Anglo-Saxons, Lon., 1806. 
 
 Armstrong, M.J. Geographical Works, Lon.,1776-91. 
 
 Armstrong, Macartney, and Ogle. Reports of 
 Cases Civ. and Crim., 2 B. C. P., Ac., Dublin, 1843. 
 
 Armstrong, R. A. Gaelic Dictionary, Lon., 1825. 
 
 Armstrong, Uobt. El. of the Lat. Tongue, Lon., 1798. 
 
 Armstrong, Simon, M.D. Con. to Annals of Med., 
 ri. 370, 1801. 
 
 Armstrong, Wm. Work on Military Tactics, Lon., 
 1808. 
 
 Armstrong, Wm. Theolog. Treatises, 1796-1812. 
 
 Arnald, Richard, 1696F-1756, a Fellow of Emma- 
 mel College, Camb., pub. a number of works, chiefly theo- 
 ogical, 1726-1752. He is best known as the author of 
 ;he Commentary on the Apocryphal Writings, which 
 generally accompanies the Commentaries of Patrick, 
 liowth, and Whitby. 
 
 " A judicious and valuable work." LOWNDES. 
 
 " This valuable commentary is deservedly held in hi-h estima- 
 ion." T. H. HORNE. 
 
 " The five volumes by Patrick. Lowth, and Arnald contain th 
 >est commentary on the Old Testament and the Apocrypha which 
 re have in the English language." BISHOP WATSON. 
 
 In the 2d edition, Arnald's Commentary was enriched 
 >y the notes of Jeremiah Markland, for an account of 
 rhich, and of the literary character of Arnald, see Nichols's 
 jiterary Anecdotes. 
 
 " The Commentary of Arnald, which was published at first in 
 epurate parts, is the only English work on the subject. It is gene- 
 ally judicious, and affords considerable assistance in understand- 
 ag these books." ORME. 
 
 The Commentaries of Patrick, Lowth, Whitby, Low- 
 lan, and Arnald have been published together in four 
 >yal 8vo volumes, and form a valuable manual for the 
 
 student. In this connexion, we notice the excellent Com 
 prehensive Commentary, in six volumes, edited by Rev. 
 Dr. Jenks, of Boston, U. States of America. Published bv 
 J. B. Lippincott & Co. We consider it the best Family 
 Commentary in the language, and admirably adapted to 
 the wants of Bible-class and Sunday-school teachers. 
 
 Ai mill, \Vm. A zealous supporter of the administra 
 tion of Sir Robt. Walpole, editor of the True Briton, (for 
 which service he is said to have been compensated by 400 
 per annum,) and author of some political tracts, Ac., <fcc. 
 
 A rn and, Jasper. An alarm to all persons touching 
 their health, Lon., 1740. 
 
 Arne, Thos. Augustine, 1710-1778, a celebrated 
 musical composer, is of interest to literary men from his 
 being th son of Thomas Arne, the upholsterer, the person 
 supposed to have been intended by Addison in his charac 
 ter of the Politician, in Nos. 155 and 160 of The Tatler. 
 In 1738 Arne produced music for Milton's masque of Comus. 
 
 " In this masque he introduced a light, airy, original, and pleas 
 ing melody, wholly different from Purcell and Handel, whom all 
 English composers had hitherto pillaged or imitated. Indeed, the 
 melody of Arne at this time, and of his Vauxhall songs afterwards, 
 forms an era in English music ; it was so easy, natural, and agree 
 able to the whole kingdom, that it had an effect upon our national 
 taste." DR. BURNEY. 
 
 The well-known song of " Rule Britannia" was first in 
 troduced in Mallet's masque of Alfred, set by Arne in 1740. 
 
 " The general melody of our countryman, if analyzed, would 
 perhaps appear to be neither Italian nor English, but an agreeable 
 mixture of Italian, English, and Scots. . . . From the death of 
 Purcell to that of Arne a period of more than fourscore years 
 no candidate for musical fame among our countrymen had appeared, 
 who was equally admired by the nation at large." DR. BURNEY. 
 
 Arnett, J. A. An Inquiry into the Nature and Form 
 of the Books of the Ancients j with a History of the Art 
 of Bookbinding, Lon., 1837. 
 
 Arnold, A. C. L. History of Free Masonry, 1854. 
 
 Arnold, C. Poetical Essays: Distress, 1751. The 
 Mirror, 1755. Bookbinders' School of Design, 4to. 
 
 Arnold, C. H. Hist, of N. and S. America, &c., 1782. 
 
 Arnold, Edmund. Sermons, 1740-45. 
 
 Arnold, Edwin, M.A. 1. Poems, Narrative and 
 Lyrical, Lon., 12mo. 2. Griselda, a Tragedy; and other 
 Poems, 1856, fp. 8vo. 3. The Wreck of the Northern Belle, 
 1857, 8vo. 
 
 Arnold, Fred., Curate of St. Mary de Crypt, Glou 
 cester. Sermons, Lon., 1840. 
 
 Arnold, John. Works upon Chronometers, Lon., 
 1780-82. 
 
 Arnold, Josiah Lynden, 1768-1796, of Providence, 
 Rhode Island, was the author of some poetical essays. 
 
 Arnold, Matthew, a son of Dr. Thomas Arnold, 
 of Rugby, b. Dec. 24, 1822, at Satcham, near Staines, 
 Middlesex, England, educated at Winchester, Rugby, and 
 Oxford, and elected a Fellow of Oriel College in 1845. In 
 1847 he became private secretary to Lord Lansdowne, 
 and he retained that position until his marriage in 1851, 
 when he was appointed to the post which he now occu 
 pies, Lay Inspector of Schools under the Committee of 
 the Council of Education. He was elected Prof, of Poetry 
 in Univ. of Oxford, 1857. 1. The Strayed Reveller, and 
 other Poems, by A., Lon., 1848. Commended in the Lon 
 don Athenaeum, 1848, 982. 2. Empedocles on Etna, and 
 other Poems, 1853. 3. Poems, June, 1854. 4. Poems; 
 2d Scries, Dec. 1854, Bust., 1856; 1st Series, 3d ed., 1857. 
 
 "For combined culture and fine natural feeling in the matter of 
 versification. Mr. Arnold has no living superior. Though some 
 times slovenly in the versification of his smaller poems, when he 
 is put upon his mettle by a particular affection for his subject, he 
 manages the most ' irregular' and difficult metres with admirable 
 skill and feeling." Edin. Rev., Oct. 1856, q. v. 
 
 4. Merope; a Tragedy, fp. 8vo. See Lon. Athen, No. 
 1575, Jan. 2, 1858. 
 
 "His narrative poems are better than his lyric. In more than 
 one of the latter he has aimed at a simplicity which, on proof, 
 turns out to be puerility." Lon. Athen., 1854, 305. 
 
 Arnold, R. Writing, Arithmetic, and Mathematics 
 1792. 
 
 Arnold, or Arnolde, Richard, an ancient English 
 chronicler, compiler of a work, the first edition of which 
 is very rare : The Names of the Balyfs, Custos, Mayres, 
 and Sherefs of ye Cite of London from the Tyme of Kynge 
 Richard the first, <fec., (1502?) This book is commonly 
 called Arnold's Chronicle. The second edition, published 
 circa 1521, is also of rare occurrence; a copy sold at the 
 sale of George Mason's library, in 1798, for 15 15s. 6d. The 
 basis of the Chronicle is supposed to be the MS. in the 
 town-clerk's office, (London,) known as the Liber de Anti- 
 quis Legibus. An edition was published in 1811, (London,) 
 with introductory matter entitled, The Customs of London, 
 otherwise called Arnold's Chronicle. See this preface, by 
 
ARN 
 
 that eminent antiquary, Francis Douce, for a discussion as 
 to the origin of the celebrated poem, The Not-Brown (Nut- 
 Brown) Mayde, (which appeared first in Arnold's Chroni 
 cle,) modernized by Prior into the ballad of Henry and 
 Emma. 
 
 "This is perhaps the most heterogeneous and multifarious mis 
 cellany that ever existed. The collector sets out with a catalogue 
 of the mayors and sheriffs, the customs and charter of the city of 
 London. Soon afterwards we have receipts to pickle sturgeon, to 
 make vinegar, ink, and gunpowder ; how to raise parsley in an 
 hour; the arts of brewery and soap-making; an estimate of the 
 livings in London; an account of the last visitation of Saint Mag 
 nus's Church; the weight of Essex cheese ; and a letter to Cardinal 
 Wolsey. The NotrBrown Mayde is introduced between an estimate 
 of some subsidies paid into the exchequer, and directions for buy 
 ing goods in Flanders." Warton's History of English Poetry. 
 
 For a further description of this work, see Herbert's 
 Ames's Typ. Antiq., the Censura Literaria, and especially 
 the table of contents of this curious olla podridain Oldys's 
 British Librarian, p. 22. 
 
 " Arnolde was a citizen of London, who, being inflamed with 
 the fervente love of good learninge, travailed very studiously 
 therein, and principally in observing matters worthy to be remem 
 bered of the posteritye; he noted the charters, liberties, lawes. 
 constitutions, and customes of the citie of London." STOWE. 
 
 " Arnolde of London wrote certayne collections touching histo 
 rical matters." HOLIXSHED. 
 
 He is supposed to have died circa 1521. 
 
 Arnold, Samuel, 1740-1802, a celebrated musical 
 composer, son of Baron Arnold. His published works are 
 very considerable in number, viz : 
 
 " 4 oratorios, 8 odes, 3 serenatas, 47 operas, 3 burlettas, besides 
 overtures, concertos, and many smaller pieces." WATT. 
 
 His most famous oratorio was that of the Prodigal Son. 
 
 " His oratorios are not unworthy of the disciple of so great a 
 master as Handel." Rees's Cyclopedia. 
 
 At the particular request of Geo. III., he superintended 
 the pub. of a magnificent edition of all the works of Han 
 del, in score, of which he completed 36 folio volumes. 
 
 Arnold, Samuel J., son of the above, pub. a num 
 ber of dramatic pieces. We find 12 credited to him in the 
 Biog. Dram.: 1. Auld Robin Gray, 1794. 2. Who Pays 
 the Reckoning? 1795. 3. Shipwreck, 1796. 4. Irish Le 
 gacy, 1797. 5. Veteran Tar, 1801. 6. Foul Deeds will 
 Rise, 1804. 7. Prior Claim, (in conj. with Mr. Pye,) 1805. 
 8. Up all Night, 1809, N. P. 9. Britain's Jubilee, 1809, 
 N. P. 10. Man and Wife, 1809. 11. The Maniac, 1810, 
 N. P. 12. Plots, 1810, N. P. He died Aug. 16, 1582. As 
 manager of a theatre in London, he produced Von Weber's 
 opera of Der Freischutz, in 1824. 
 
 Arnold, Stuart A. Merchant's and Seaman's Manuals, 
 Lon., 1778. 
 
 Arnold, T. J. Reports of Cases C. Pleas, <tc., Lon., 
 1840; do. of Controverted Elections before Com. of II. 
 Commons, &c. 
 
 "These reports are in continuation of those of Messrs. Baron 
 and Austin, Falconer and Fitzherbert, Knapp and Ornbler, Perry 
 and Knapp, and Cockburn and Howe." Marvin's Legal Bill. 
 
 Manual of the Law, with regard to Public Meetings and 
 Political Societies, 12mo, Lou., 1833. 
 
 Arnold, Thomas. Sermon on Dan. vi. 10, 1660. 
 
 Arnold, Thomas, M.D., d. 1816, of Leicester, pub. a 
 number of professional works. Edin. and Lon., 1766-1809. 
 Observations on the Nature, Kinds, Causes, and Prevention 
 of Insanity, Lon., 1800, 2 vols. 
 
 "A very entertaining work, containing the opinions both of 
 ancients and moderns upon this subject, illustrated by a variety 
 of curious facts." LOWNDES. 
 
 The first edition was pub. 1782-86. 
 
 Arnold, Thomas, D.D., 1795-1842, head master of 
 Rugby School, from 1827 till his death, and successor of 
 Dr. Nares (in 1841) as Regius Professor of Modern History 
 in the University of Oxford, was one of the brightest orna 
 ments of his age. He was educated at Winchester School, 
 and from thence went, in 1811, to Corpus Christi College, 
 Oxf., where he took a first class in Classics, in Easter term, 
 181 4. In the next year he gained the prize for an English 
 Essay, and in 1817, being then a Fellow of Oriel College, 
 he gained the Latin Essay. The principal works of Dr. 
 Arnold are his History of Rome, (unfinished;) The Later 
 Roman Commonwealth ; Lectures on Modern History; and 
 Sermons, in 3 volumes. He published an edition of Thu- 
 cydides, which has been highly commended, as an evidence 
 of ripe scholarship and critical acumen. As a teacher, he 
 laboured to instil into the minds of his scholars those re 
 ligious principles, founded upon a just sense of responsi 
 bility to God and to society, which so eminently shone forth 
 in his own " walk and conversation." 
 
 " He will strike those who study him more closely as a complete 
 character complete in its union of moral and intellectual gifts, 
 and in the steady growth and development of both: for his great- 
 70 
 
 ARN 
 
 ness did not consist in the pre-eminence of any single quality, but 
 in several remarkable powers, thoroughly leavened and pervaded 
 by an ever-increasing moral nobleness." Lon. Quarterly Rev., 
 Ixxiv. 507. 
 
 The Edinburgh Review, comparing Arnold to Milton, 
 remarks : 
 
 " There is the same purity and directness about them both : the 
 same predominance of the graver, not to say, sterner, elements ; 
 the same confidence, vehemence, and elevation. They both sc 
 lived in their ' great Task-Master's eye' as to verify Bacon's obser 
 vation, in his Essay on Atheism, 'made themselves of kin to God 
 in spirit, and raised their nature by means of a higher nature than 
 their own.'" 
 
 " As a writer, Dr. Arnold was remarkable for vigorous thought, 
 clearness of expression, and purity of style. His edition of Thu- 
 cydides, and his (unfinished) History of Home, are works which 
 will always hold a high place in our literature." Lon. Gtnt. Mag., 
 August, 1852. 
 
 "His correspondence is the best record of his life and affords 
 the most vivid representation of his character. It presents us with 
 the progressive development of his mind and views till the one 
 reaches the vigour and the other the comprehensiveness for which 
 at length they became distinguished. He combined the intellectual 
 and the moral in a degree and with a harmony rarely found. 
 The most strongly-marked feature of his intellect was the strength 
 and clearness of his conceptions. It seemed the possession of an 
 inward light so intense that it penetrated on the instant every 
 subject laid before him, and enabled him to grasp it with the 
 vividness of sense and the force of reality. Hence, what was said 
 of his religious impressions may be used to characterize his intel 
 lectual operations: 'he knew what others only believed; he saw 
 what others only talked about.' Hence also, perhaps, arose in a great 
 measure the vehemence with which he opposed views and notions 
 contrary to his own." Knight's Eng. Cyc., Biog., vol. i. 
 
 See Arnold's Life and Correspondence by Stanley; also 
 Tom Brown's School-Days at Rugby, Lon. and Bost, 1857, 
 12mo. 
 
 Arnold, Thos. Kerchever, d. March 9, 1853, "has 
 acquired a very wide-spread reputation as the author and 
 editor of a whole library of books adapted for educational 
 purposes." His publications consist principally of school 
 manuals of the Latin, Greek, French, and German lan 
 guages. See London Catalogue for a list of 45 different 
 works. 
 
 Arnold, W. D., son of Dr. Thomas and brother of 
 Matthew Arnold, an officer in the British army. Oak- 
 field, or Fellowship in the East; a Novel, p. Svo, 2 vols. 
 
 "This work is intended to represent the trials of a young officer 
 who is determined to act up to Christian principles in a British 
 regiment stationed in India." 
 
 Arnot, C. A. Letter respecting Bank of Eng., 1818. 
 
 Arnot, Hugo, pub. a number of works, Edin. and 
 
 Lon., 1777-85. Collection and abridgment of celebrated 
 
 Trials in Scotland, from 1 536 to 1784, with Historical and 
 
 Critical Remarks, Edin., 1785. History of Edinburgh, 
 
 from the earliest accounts to the present time. Edin., 1789. 
 
 " A useful and entertaining work." 
 
 Arnot, Hugo. Address to the British Nation, 1812. 
 Letters to the County of Fife Freeholders, 1812. 
 Arnot, J., Surgeon. Profess. Works, Edin., 1800-16. 
 Arnot, Thos., Surgeon. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess. 1736. 
 Arnot, W. Harmony of Law and Gospel, 1786. 
 Arnot, W. Race for Riches, Glasgow, 1851 ; repub. 
 Phila., 1852, 18mo. 
 
 Arnott, Neil, M.D., b. 1788, at Dysart, near Mont- 
 rose, Scotland. He and Lord Byron were fellow-pupils 
 at the Grammar-School of Aberdeen in 1797. In 1801 he 
 gained the first prize of his class and entered the Uni 
 versity ; took the degree of M.A. in 1806, and pursued his 
 professional studies under Sir Everhard Home, Surgeon of 
 St. George's Hospital, London. 1. Elements of Physics; 
 or, Natural Philosophy, General and Medical, Explained 
 j in Plain or Non-Technical Language, 1827. 
 ! "Of this work, five editions, amounting to 10,000 copies, were 
 i called for within six years, and it was translated into all European 
 I languages except Italian. The author published originally the 
 first half-volume, and he had become so occupied professionally 
 1 that the chapters on Light and Heat were ready only fir- the third 
 ! edition. The two remaining chapters, on Electricity and Astro- 
 ! nomy, had to wait until still further leisure." 
 
 A new and enlarged edition of this work is now (1857) 
 i in course of preparation, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Essay on Warm- 
 | ing and Ventilating, 1838. 3. Smokeless Fireplace, Svo, 
 1855. 
 
 i Arnould, Joseph. Law of Marine Insurance and 
 ! Average, Lon., 1848, 2 vols. roy. Svo. ; edited with addits. 
 i by J. C. Perkins, Boston, 1850, 2 vols. roy. Svo. 
 I "The student will here find, within a convenient compass, the 
 j learning of the Continental jurist; the just and politic judgments 
 i of the first intellects of England, in Westminster Hall, and the 
 j clear and satisfactory determinations of the American commercial 
 tribunal and judges, at once eminently scientific and practical." 
 American Laio Journal. 
 Arnulph. See ERNULPH. 
 Arnway, John, of St. Edmund's Hall, Oxf., a zealoua 
 
ART 
 
 supporter of K. Charles I. He was the author of The Tablet, 
 or Moderation of Chas. I., Martyr, Hague, 1650. Alarum 
 to the Subjects of England. He died in Virginia. 
 
 " He had quitted a large fortune to serve his Prince, and there 
 fore was plundered by the Rebels, and lost his Books and Papers, 
 which he could never recover." Wood's Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Arrowsmith. The Reformation. A Comedy. 
 
 Arrowsmith, Aaron, 1750-1823, settled in London, 
 1770. 1. Large Map of the World on Mercator's Projec 
 tion, 1790. 2. Map of the World, with a Companion of 
 Explanatory Letter-Press, 1794. 3. Map of the Northern 
 Regions of America. 4. Map of Scotland, 1807. 5. Me 
 moir relative to the Construction of the Map of Scotland, 
 1809. He published upwards of 130 maps. 6. His Geo 
 metrical Projection of Maps was pub. 1825, after his death. 
 
 "Arrowsmith's maps obtained a high reputation throughout 
 Europe fur their distinctness, the result of good engraving and 
 arrangement. It has been the fashion of late to undervalue his 
 acquirements as a geographer ; but, though he is inferior to Berg- 
 haus and some other map-makers of the present day, he was supe 
 rior to any one in Europe at the time he commenced his career." 
 Eng. Cyc., vol. i. 
 
 The School Atlases and Skeleton Maps for Eton Col 
 lege, and the Manuals of Geography, Ancient and Modern, 
 by Aaron Arrowsmith, are the works of his son. 
 
 Arrowsmith, Ed. Sundry-serm., pub. Lon., 1724-45. 
 
 Arrowsmith, John, 1602-1659, an eminent Puritan 
 divine, educated at St. John's College and Catherine Hall, 
 Cambridge, pub. several works which were highly esteemed. 
 
 Armilla Catechetica, or a Chain of Principles wherein the Chief 
 Heads of the Christian Religion are Asserted and Improved, Lon., 
 1659. "This and his Tractica Sacra are valuable treatises." 
 
 BlCKERSTETH. 
 
 Tractica Sacra, sive de Milite Spiritual! pugnate, vin- 
 oente, et triumphante Dissertatio, Cantab., 1647. 
 
 " This work contains, along with a great deal of controversy, 
 some ingenious remarks on those passages of Scripture which re 
 late to the spiritual warfare. The author was a man of learning 
 and genius, and maintained a highly respectable character during 
 the difficult times in which he lived. He wrote a work on part of 
 the Gospel of John, and some other things, which rank high among 
 the puritanical writings." ORME. 
 
 His sweet and engaging disposition, Dr. Salter remarks, 
 appears through all the sourness and severity of his opi 
 nions in his Tractica Sacra. 
 
 "A book written in a clear style, and with a lively fancy; in 
 which he displayed at once much weakness and stiffness, but withal 
 great reading." A contemporary describes him as "holy and 
 learned, diligent, zealous, and sincere, doing all that could be done 
 with a weak and sickly body." 
 
 Dr. Whichcote also speaks of him with high respect, and 
 even the querulous antiquary, Cole, (MS. Athen. Cantab, 
 in British Museum,) does not scruple to commend Dr. 
 Arrowsmith. 
 
 Arrowsmith, J. P. Art of instructing the Infant 
 Deaf and Dumb. 
 
 " In this interesting little volume, the plan of the celebrated 
 Abbe de 1'Epee is reprinted." LOWNDES. 
 
 Arrowsmith, R. G. Doubts upon the reasoning of 
 Dr. Paley relative to, and observations upon, the Criminal 
 Law, Lon., 1811. 
 
 Arscott, Alex. Upon the Christian Religion. Lon., 
 
 Arthington, Henry. Theolog. Works, Lon., 1592- 
 94. See Weever's Funeral Monuments. ' , 
 
 Arthur, Archibald, 1744-1797, was Professor of 
 Moral Philosophy in the University of Glasgow. Dis 
 courses on Theolog. and Literary Subjects, <fcc., (pub. by 
 Prof. Wm. Richardson,) 1803. See Edin. Review, vol. iv. 
 168. 
 
 Arthur, Ed. Sermons on various subjects, 1783. 
 
 Arthur, Jas., d. 1670, at Lisbon, pub. a Commentary 
 in Latin, on the works of St. Thomas Aquinas, two vols. 
 folio. 
 
 ^It is said that he had ten volumes more in preparation on the 
 
 Arthur, M. Exposition, Critical, Doctrinal, and Prac 
 tical, of the Assembly's Shorter Catechism, vol. i. 1789. 
 
 Arthur, T. S., of Philadelphia, born in 1809, near 
 Newburgh, Orange county, New York, is a voluminous 
 and highly popular writer. 
 
 We subjoin a list of a portion of his works. 1. Sketches 
 of Life and Character, 8vo, pp. 420. 2. Lights and Sha 
 dows of Real Life, 8vo, pp. 500. 3. Leaves from the Book 
 of Human Life, 12mo. 4. Golden Grains from Life's 
 Harvest-Field, 12 mo. 5. The Loftons and the Pinker- 
 tons, 12mo. 6. Heart-Histories and Life-Pictures. 7 
 Tales for Rich and Poor, 6 vols. 18mo. 8. Library for 
 the Household, 12 vols. 18mo. 9. Arthur's Juvenile 
 Library, 12 vols. 16mo. 10. Cottage Library, 6 vols. 
 18mo. 11. Ten Nights in a Bar-Room, 12mo. 12 Six 
 
 ARV 
 
 Nights with the Washingtonians, 18mo. 13. Advice to 
 Young Men, 18mo. 14. Advice to Young Ladies, 18mo. 
 15. Maiden, Wife, and Mother, 3 vols. 18mo. 16. Tales 
 of Married Life, 3 vols. 18mo. 17. Stories of Domestic 
 Life, 3 vols. ISmo. 18. Tales from Real Life, 3 vols. 
 ISmo. 19. Tired of Housekeeping, ISmo. 20. True 
 Riches; or, Wealth without Wings, 12mo. 21. The Hand 
 but not the Heart, 12mo. 
 
 " Mr. Arthur writes very unexceptionable tales, illustrative of 
 American and domestic life and adapted to the capacities of the 
 young and uneducated classes. All bis stories inculcate a moral ; 
 and some of them are pleasing specimens of invention, and very 
 true reflections of manners in the sphere for which they are de 
 signed." N. Y. Literary World. 
 
 22. The Good Time Coming, Phila., 1855, 12mo. 
 
 "Mr. Arthur's writings, though not of a very high order, have 
 yet generally had a certain genial character and domestic tone 
 which have given them a wide circulation. The new volume be 
 fore us, however, is calculated to be very mischievous. Tha 
 author verges on Spiritualism, Swedenborgianism, and Reichuti- 
 bachism, if not actually engulfed." 2V. Y. Criterion. 
 
 In connection with W. H. Carpenter, a series of his 
 tories of the several States of the Union, prepared with 
 care, and well adapted to district, school, and other 
 libraries. 23. Steps towards Heaven, N.Y., 1858, 12ino. 
 Upwards of 20 novels in cheap form. 
 
 " In the princely mansions of the Atlantic merchants and in the 
 rude log cabins of the backwoodsman the name of Arthur is 
 equally known and cherished as the friend of virtue." Graham's 
 Mag. 
 
 "The most popular of all our American writers on domestic 
 subjects." Godey's Lady's Book. 
 
 A large number of Mr. Arthur's works have been re- 
 published in London. 
 
 Artis, Edmund Tyrrell. Antediluvian Phytology, 
 illustrated by the Fossil Remains of Plants peculiar to 
 Coal Formations, Lon., 1825, r. 4to, plates. They have 
 since been incorporated in Mantell's Pictorial Atlas, 1850. 
 
 Arthy, Elliott. Seamen's Medical Advocate, Lon., 
 1798. 
 
 Arundale, F. Picturesque Tour through Jerusalem, 
 Mount Sinai, and the Holy Land, with maps, and 21 
 plates, Lon., 1837. 
 
 Arundel, Countess of, Anne, d. 1630, married 
 Philip, Earl of Arundel, who died in the Tower, Nov., 
 1595. Mr. Lodge has rescued from oblivion an interest 
 ing copy of verses by her, produced, he thinks, by the 
 
 " Melancholy exit of her lord, which abound with the imperfect 
 beauties, as well as with the common errors, of a strong, but un 
 taught, poetical fancy." Illus. of Brit. History, vol. iii., p. 359 : 
 Brydges'sMem.,p.n3; Park's Walpole's R. <& N. Authors. 
 
 Arundel, Countess of, Mary, married first to 
 Robert Ratcliffe, Earl of Sussex, and afterwards to Henry 
 Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel. She translated from English 
 into Latin, Sententias et praeclera Facta Alexandri Severi, 
 Imperatoris. Extant in MS. in the King's Library. De 
 stirte et Familia Alexandri Severi, et de Signis quse ei 
 portendebant Imperium. 
 
 From Greek into Latin, Selectas Sententias septem Sa- 
 pientum Graecorum. Similitudines ex Platonis, Aristo- 
 telis, Senecae, et aliorum Philosophorum Libris collectas. 
 Dedicated to her father. 
 
 " Learning had now taken a considerable flight since the days 
 of Edward the Fourth. Sir Thomas More mentions it as very ex 
 traordinary that Jane Shore could read and write." Park's Wal 
 pole's R. <& 2V. Authors. 
 
 Arundel and Surrey, Countess of, Althea 
 Talbot. Nature embowelled; her choicest secrets di 
 gested into receipts, whereunto are annexed many rare 
 and hitherto unimparted inventions, Lon., 1665, with por 
 trait by Hollar. 
 
 Arundel of Wardour, Lord Henry, is credited 
 with " five little Meditations in verse" in A Collection of 
 Eighty-six loyal Poems, printed in 1685. These Medita 
 tions are said to have been written whilst his lordship was 
 a prisoner in the Tower. (Imprisoned for the Popish 
 
 Arundell, F. V. J. A Visit to the Seven Churches 
 in Asia, &c., Lon., 1828. Discoveries in Asia Minor, Ac., 
 Lon., 1834. This latter work is illustrated by references 
 to the preceding. 
 
 " As far as he has been able to explore the land, Mr. Arundell's 
 inquiries and discoveries are well deserving of attention." Lite 
 rary Gazette. 
 
 Arundell, J. Sermon on death of Rev. E. Williams, 
 1813. 
 
 Arvine, Kazlitt. Cyclopaedia of Anecdotes of Lite 
 rature and Fine Arts. Containing a copious and choice 
 selection of anecdotes of the various forms of literature, 
 of the arts of architecture, engravings, music, poetry, 
 painting and sculpture, and of the most celebrated literary 
 characters and artists of different countries and ages, <fec. 
 
ARW 
 
 ASC 
 
 With numerous illustrations. 725 pp. octavo. Boston, 1854. 
 Cyclopaedia of Moral and Religious Anecdotes, of which 
 several edits, have been pub. in Lon., 8vo, and N. Y., 8vo. 
 
 Arwarker, E. Theolog. and other works, Lon.. 
 1686-1708. 
 
 Ascham, or Askam, Anthony, a physician and 
 ecclesiastic, was the author of A lytel Treatyse of Astro 
 nomy, Lon., 1552, which ran through many editions. 
 
 " It is a very poorly-written tract, and scarcely deserves a notice 
 in the real history of English science." 
 
 A Little Herbal of the Properties of Herbes, Lon., 1550. 
 Ascham, Anthony, murdered 1650, at Madrid, by 
 six English Royalists, was the author of a work entitled 
 Of the Confusion and Revolutions of Government, Ac., 
 Lon., 1648. Bishop Sanderson wrote a censure of this 
 work. 
 
 Ascham, Roger, 15157-1568, was born at Kirby- 
 Wiske, a village near Northallerton, in Yorkshire. In 
 1530, he entered St. John's Coll., Cambridge, where he 
 displayed great aptness in acquiring the Greek and Latin 
 languages. Dr. Metcalf, the master, he informs us, was 
 "a man meanly learned himself, but not meanly affec- 
 tioned to set forward learning in others, and I lacked not 
 his favour to further me in learning." In the 18th year 
 of his age he was chosen Fellow of his college. In 1544 
 he succeeded Sir John Cheke as public orator of the Uni 
 versity of Cambridge, and was made by King Edward VI. 
 his secretary for the Latin tongue. In the controversy 
 concerning the right pronunciation of the Greek language, 
 Ascham opposed the method introduced by Sir Thomas 
 Smith and Sir John Cheke, but afterwards espoused their 
 opinion and practice. " It is probable that it is in part 
 owing to the ingenuity with which he defended it, (see his 
 letter to Hubertus Languetus,) that this mode of pronun 
 ciation was generally adopted, and has since prevailed in 
 the schools of England." In 1548, the Princess Elizabeth 
 called Ascham from his college to direct her studies. He 
 instructed his pupil in the learned languages with great 
 diligence and success for two years, during which time he 
 read with her the greater part of Cicero and Livy, the se 
 lect orations of Socrates, the plays of Sophocles, and the 
 Greek Testament. 
 
 In 1550, he travelled for three years on the Continent, 
 as secretary to Sir Richard Morysine, who was appointed 
 ambassador to the Emperor Charles V. Who that has 
 ever perused it can forget his deeply-interesting descrip 
 tion of his visit, before his departure, to Lady Jane Grey ? 
 The place at which she then resided was her father's seat 
 at Broadgate, in Leicestershire. Ascham found that the 
 hall was deserted : the family were engaged in hunting in 
 the park, and he discovered, after some search, Lady 
 Jane, then in her 14th year, in her apartment, deeply im 
 mersed in the Phaedo of Plato ! " with as much delight 
 as some gentlemen would read a merry tale in Boccace.' 
 The worthy Ascham, however delighted at such devotion 
 to the studies he was himself so much in love with, could 
 not coaceal his surprise at the choice of this very young 
 lady. After the first compliments, he asked her why she 
 " lost such pastime as there must needs be in the park ?" 
 At which, smiling, she answered, " I wist all their sport is 
 but a shadow to that pleasure that I find in Plato. Alas 
 folk! they never felt what true pleasure meant!' 
 _ is " naturally leading him to inquire how a child of her 
 age had attained to such a depth of pleasure both in the 
 Platonic language and philosophy," she made him (Mr. 
 Ascham himself tells us) the following remarkable reply : 
 " I will tell you," quoth she, " and tell you truth, which 
 perchance, you will marvel at. One of the greatest bene 
 fits which ever God gave me, is that be sent so sharp anc" 
 severe parents, and so gentle a schoolmaster. For wher 
 I am in presence either of father or mother, whether ] 
 speak, keep silence, sit, stand or go ; eat, drink, be merry, 
 or sad ; be sewing, playing, dancing, or doing any thing 
 else, I must do it, as it were, in such weight, measure 
 and number, and even so perfectly, as God marie the 
 world, or else I am so sharply taunted, so cruelly threat 
 ened, yea, presently, sometimes with pinches, nips, am 
 bobs, (or other ways, which I will not name, for the honou 
 I*bear them,) so without measure disordered, that I think 
 myself in hell, till time come that I must go to Mr. El 
 mer, who teacheth me so gently, so pleasantly, with fai 
 allurements to learning, that I think all the time nothing 
 while I am with him ; and when I am called from him, ] 
 fall a-weeping, because whatsoever I do else but learning 
 is full of grief, trouble, fear, and wholly misliking untc 
 me ; and this my book hath been so much my pleasure 
 and bringeth daily to me more pleasure, and more yet 
 72 
 
 n respect to it, all other pleasures, in very deed, be but 
 rifles and troubles unto me !" Ascham' 8 Schoolmaster. 
 Ascham dwells with great pleasure upon this interview in 
 n epistle to his friend Sturmius. This learned young 
 ady promised to write him a letter in Greek upon condi- 
 ion of his sending her one first from the emperor's court. 
 n a letter to Lady Jane, he assures her that, among all 
 he agreeable varieties which he had met with in his tra- 
 r els abroad, nothing had occurred to raise his admiration 
 ke that incident in the preceding summer, when he found 
 er, a young maiden, by birth so noble, in the absence of 
 icr tutor, and in the sumptuous house of her most nobk 
 ather, at a time, too, when all the rest of the family, 
 oth male and female, were regaling themselves with the 
 leasures of the chase " I found," continues he, " Ju- 
 _ >iter and all ye gods ! I found, I say, the divine virgin 
 diligently studying the divine Phaedo in the original 
 Greek. Happier certainly in this respect than in being 
 descended, both on the father and mother's side, from 
 kings and queens." On the accession of Queen Mary, he 
 was appointed Latin secretary to her Majesty, the same 
 )ost which he held formerly under Edward VI., and, sub 
 sequently, under Elizabeth. No better proof is needed of 
 lis facility in Latin composition. Of this we have sum- 
 lent evidence in the fact that in three days he wrote 
 forty-seven despatches to foreign personages of the highest 
 rank, on the subject of electing Cardinal Pole to the 
 sapal chair. In 1554, he resigned his Fellowship, and 
 narried Miss Margaret Howe, a young lady of good 
 amily. 
 
 His last illness has been ascribed to too close applica 
 tion to the composition of a Latin poem, which he designed 
 for the Queen on the New- Year's day of 1569. He ex 
 pired on the 30th December, 1568, "universally lamented." 
 Queen Elizabeth was one of the loudest mourners, and 
 declared that she would " rather have lost ten thousand 
 pounds than her tutor Ascham." He was interred in St. 
 Sepulchre's Church ; and his funeral sermon was preached 
 by Dr. Alex. Nowel, Dean of St. Paul's. Buchanan drew 
 a character of his friend in the following epigram : 
 " Aschamum extinctum patria? Graecaque 
 Et Latitiae vera cum pretate dolent. 
 Principibus vixit carus, jucundus amicis, 
 Re modica ; in mores dicere lama nequit." 
 
 Anthony Wood speaks of him as " leaving behind him this cha 
 racter by a learned person, that he inter primes nostrre nationis 
 literas Latinas et Grtecas, stylique puritatem cum eloquentiae 
 laude excoluit." 
 
 " He had a facile and fluent Latin style, (not like those who, 
 counting obscurity to be elegancy, weed out all the hard words 
 they meet in authors :) witness his ' Epistles,' which some say are 
 the only Latin ones extant of any Englishman, and if so. the more 
 the pity. What loads have we of letters from foreign pens, as if no 
 author were complete without those necessary appurtenances! 
 Whilst surely our Englishmen write (though not so many) as 
 good as any other nation. In a word, his 'Toxophilus' is ac 
 counted a good book for young men, his ' Schoolmaster' for old 
 men, his ' Epistles' for all men." Fuller's Worthies. 
 
 Ascham's first publication (not his first work) was elicited 
 by the censure with which some meddlesome people thought 
 proper to rebuke his love of archery. It is entitled " Toxo 
 philus; the School and Partitions of Shooting." (1544.) 
 The author embraced the opportunity thus presented of 
 teaching to his countrymen the as yet undeveloped riches 
 of their native tongue. 
 
 " He designed not only to teach the art of shooting, but to give 
 an example of diction more natural and more truly English than 
 was used by the common writers of that age, whom he censures 
 for mingling exotic terms with their native language, and of whom 
 he complains that they were made authors, not by skill or educa 
 tion, but by arrogance and temerity. He has not failed in either 
 of his purposes." DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 He has been called "The Father of English Prose." 
 Certain it is that "previous to the exertions of Ascham, 
 very few writers can be mentioned as affording any model 
 for English style. If we except the translation of Frois- 
 sart by Bourchier, Lord Berners, in 1520, and the History 
 of Richard III., by Sir Thomas More, certainly composi 
 tions of great merit, we shall find it difficult to produce an 
 author of much value for his vernacular prose. On the 
 contrary, very soon after the appearance of the 'Toxo 
 philus/ we find harmony and beauty in English style em 
 phatically praised and enjoined." DR. DRAKE. 
 
 So unfashionable was it at this time for the learned to 
 condescend to the use of English, that Ascham prefaces 
 his work by an apology for writing in his own language, 
 doubting not that he should be blamed for 
 
 ' Writing it in the English tongue. ... As for the Latin or 
 Greek tongue, every thing is so excellently done in them, that 
 none can do better; in the English tongue, contrary, every thing 
 in a manner so meanly both for the matter and handling, that no 
 man can do worse. ... He that will write well in any tongue 
 
ASC 
 
 must follow this counsel of Aristotle: to speak as the common 
 people do, to think as wise men do: as so should every man un 
 derstand him, and the judgment of wise men allow him.' 
 
 The book is a dialogue supported by Philologus, a stu 
 dent, and Toxophilus, a lover of archery. We have a 
 modification of the practice of the art, the regulations which 
 should govern it, and its inestimable advantages for va 
 rious purposes. The modest archer, with true humility, 
 acknowledges that he had not done his weighty subject 
 full justice. 
 
 Tox. : " This communication handled of me, Philologe, as I know 
 well, not portitely, yet, as I suppose trulye, you must take in good 
 worthe; wherein, if divers thinges do not altogether please you, 
 thancke yourselfe, which would rather have me faulte in mere 
 follve, to take that thinge in hand, which I was not able for to 
 perfourme, than by any shamefastnesse with-saye your request and 
 minde, which I know well 1 have not satisfyed." 
 
 The enthusiastic son of the bow, with an admirable 
 stroke of policy, lets his friend understand that he has no 
 desire to monopolize " The seat of Gamaliel," but he will 
 be glad " to occupy the place of the unlearned," and pro 
 mises to be a patient auditor when Philologe shall himself 
 think proper to " hold forth :" 
 
 " But yet I will thincke this labour of myne the better bestowed, 
 if to-morrow, or some other day when you have leysure, you will 
 spende as much time with me here in this same place, in entreat 
 ing the question de arigine animae, and the joyning of it with the 
 bodye, that I maye knowe howe farre Plato, Aristotle, and the 
 Stycians have waded in it." 
 
 The worthy Philologe would be hard-hearted indeed not 
 to be exceedingly amiable on the reception of so delicate 
 a compliment as this ; accordingly he replies, with evident 
 complacency : 
 
 " How you have handled this matter, Toxophile, I may not well 
 tell you myselfe now, but for your gentlenesse and good-will towards 
 learniiige and shootinge, I will be content to shewe you anye plea 
 sure whensoever you will ; and nowe the sunne is downe, therefore, 
 if it please you, we will go home and drincke in my chamber, and 
 then 1 will tell you plainlye what I thincke of this communica 
 tion, and also what daye we will appointe, at your request, for the 
 other matter to ujeete here, againe." 
 
 " The Schole Master," pub. 1571, (colophon, 1573,) was 
 written at the suggestion of Sir Richard Sackville. The title 
 of this excellent work is the best indication of its object. 
 " The Schole Master, or plaine and perfite way of teaching chil 
 dren to understand, write, and speak, the Latin Tonge, but spe 
 cially purposed for the private bringing up of Youth in lentlemen 
 and Noblemen's houses, and commodious also for all such as have 
 forgot the Latin Tonge, and would, by themselves, without a 
 schole master, in short time, and with small paines, recouer a suf 
 ficient habilitie to understand, write, and speak Latin. At Lon 
 don, printed by John Daye. dwelling over Aldersgate, Lon., 1571." 
 " A book that will be always useful, and everlastingly esteemed 
 on account of the good sense, judicious observations, excellent cha 
 racters of ancient authors, and many pleasant and profitable pas 
 sages of English history ,which are plentifully strewed therein." 
 DR. CAMPBELL. 
 
 " Perhaps the best advice that ever was given for the study of 
 languages." DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 " A more interesting and judicious treatise has not appeared 
 upon the subject in any language." DR. DRAKE. 
 
 " The work is strongly expressive of the author's humanity and 
 good sense, and abounds with proofs of extensive and accurate 
 erudition. It contains excellent practical advice, particularly on 
 the method of teaching classical learning." Cunningham's Biog. 
 History. 
 
 " The writings of the learned and judicious Ascham possess, both 
 in style and matter, a value which must not be measured by their 
 inconsiderable bulk. Their language is pure, idiomatic, vigorous 
 English; they exhibit great variety of knowledge, remarkable sa 
 gacity, and sound common sense." SPALDING. 
 
 " Ascham is a thorough-bred philologist, and of the purest water. 
 . . . After Ascham and Wilson, we look in vain, during the mid 
 dle of the sixteenth century, for any names equally illustrious in 
 the annals of English philology." DR. DIBDIN. 
 
 " Ascham is a great name in our national literature. He was 
 one of the first founders of a true English style in prose composi 
 tion, and one of the most respectable and useful of our scholars. 
 He was' amongst the first to reject the use of foreign words and 
 idioms a fashion, which in the reign of Henry the Eighth, began 
 to be so prevalent, that the authors of that day, by ' usinge 
 straunge wordes, as Latine, Frenche, and Italian, did make all 
 thinges darke and harde.' ... As a scholar, he was acute, learned, 
 and laborious." Retrns. Review, vol. iv. p. 76. 
 
 It is truly remarkable that the English works of Ascham 
 seem for so long a period to have been almost entirely for 
 gotten ! Dr. Johnson truly remarks : 
 
 " That his English works have been so long neglected, is a proof 
 of the uncertainty of literary fame. He was scarcely known as an 
 author in his own language till Mr. Upton published his School- 
 Master with learned notes. His other pieces were read only by 
 those few who delight in obsolete books." 
 
 The Life of Ascham, and the Dedication to the Earl of 
 Shaftesbury, prefixed to Bennet's edition of his English 
 works, (Lon., 1761,) were written by Dr. Johnson. 
 
 Apologia pro Cosna Dominica contra Missam, <fec., Lon- 
 
 dini, 1577. With dedication to the Earl of Leicester, some 
 
 hexameters, and an epistle to the reader. Reprint, 1587. 
 
 Epistolarum Libri tres, Ac., Londini, 1587, dedicated to 
 
 ASG 
 
 Queen Elizabeth. Reprinted, 1581. Ibid, edidit Elstob. 
 Oxon., 1703, with a frontispiece by M. Burghers, contain 
 ing ten English portraits, and the author reading to Queen 
 Elizabeth. Considered the best edition of the Letters: 
 poems not included. These Letters are held in great 
 esteem for style and matter, and are one of the few classi 
 cal collections of the kind written by Englishmen. Warton 
 considers that "the Latinity of Ascham's prose has little 
 elegance," but we have seen Buchanan's commendation in 
 the Epigram quoted ante. 
 
 A Report and Discourse of the Affaires and State of 
 Germany, and the Emperor Charles his Court, durying 
 certaine years, (1550-1552.) The result of Ascham's per 
 sonal observations when attached to the embassy to the 
 emperor. Dr. Campbell praises this Report as 
 
 " One of the most delicate pieces of history that ever was penned 
 in our language, evincing its author to have been a man as capable 
 of shining in the cabinet as in the closet." 
 
 One of the two editions bears date 1570, the other is 
 sine anno. 
 
 The Rev. John Walters pub. in 1588 a reprint of the 
 first edition of Toxophilus, with extracts from books sub 
 sequent to the date of its appearance. 
 Ascheton, William. See ASSHETON. 
 Ascu, E. Historie, containing the Warres, Treatises, 
 Marriages, and other Occurents, between England and 
 Scotland, from King William the Conqueror, untill the 
 happy union of them both in King James, 1607. 
 
 Asgill, John. An Apologetical Oration, on an extra 
 ordinary occasion, Lon., 1760. 
 
 "A pretty respectable defence of Lord George Sackville." WATT. 
 Asgill, John, d. 1738, at an advanced age, was a 
 lawyer, and the author of a number of books, pub. Lon., 
 1700-1727. He is remarkable as having been subjected 
 to much persecution in consequence of a work pub. in 1700, 
 entitled Argument, proving that Men may be translated to 
 Heaven without dying, according to the Covenant of Eter 
 nal Life, revealed in the Scriptures, although the Human 
 Nature of Christ himself could not thus be translated till 
 he had passed through Death. This unfortunate publica 
 tion, which a later judgment has pronounced rather absurd 
 than impious, was condemned by Dr. Sacheverell as " one 
 of the blasphemous writings which induced him to think 
 the church in danger." He sat as a member of the Irish 
 House of Commons only four days, when he was expelled 
 for this performance. Returning to England he was chosen 
 member tor Bramber, county of Sussex, in 1705. In 1707, 
 he was expelled from his seat upon a representation of a 
 committee of which Edward Harley, Esq., was chairman, 
 that the book " contained several blasphemous expressions, 
 and seemed to be intended to ridicule the Scriptures." 
 
 " From this time his affairs grew more desperate, and he was 
 obliged to retire first to the Mint, and then became a prisoner in 
 the King's Bench, but removed himself thence to the Fleet, and in 
 the rules of one or other of these prisons continued thirty years." 
 Among the principal of his works were : Several Asser 
 tions Proved, in order to create another Species of Money 
 than Gold or Silver. An Essay on a Registry for Titles 
 of Lands, 1771. This work is written in a very hu 
 morous style. The Succession of the House of Hanover 
 Vindicated, Lon., 1714. This was an answer to Mr. Bed 
 ford's famous book. Dr. Southey is disposed to think that 
 Asgill's theological treatise which gave so much offence, 
 was the result of a professional habit of mind, which led 
 him to take nothing for granted, but induced him to ex 
 amine every question critically for his own satisfaction. 
 
 " The whole strength of his mind was devoted to his profession, in 
 which he had so completely trammelled and drilled his intellectual 
 powers, that he at length acquired a habit of looking at all sub 
 jects in a legal point of view. He could find flaws in an hereditary 
 crown. But it was not to seek flaws that he studied the Bible ; he 
 studied it to see whether he could not claim, under the Old and 
 New Testament, something more than was considered to be his 
 share." 
 
 For copious extracts from Asgill's Argument, see The 
 Doctor : part the Second. Asgill, in contending that men 
 had made a great mistake in dying for so many years, 
 only because they thought they were obliged to die, had 
 to admit that the evidence told strongly against him ! He 
 was not able to deny that " this custom of the world to 
 die, hath gained such a prevalency over our minds by pre 
 possessing us of the necessity of death, that it stands ready 
 to swallow my argument whole without digesting it." Yet 
 nothing daunted by this startling fact, of men's daily in 
 sisting upon dying, he stoutly contends that " the custom 
 of the world to die is no argument one way or other \" 
 He explains all this in a trice, by declaring that the 
 dominion of death is supported by our fear of it, "by which 
 it hath bullied the world to this day." We have seen 
 that his ungrateful contemporaries, not appreciating his 
 
ASH 
 
 ASH 
 
 friendly efforts to extend their longevity, punished, in 
 stead of rewarding, him, and insisted upon following their 
 old custom with that pertinacious adherence to the man 
 ners of their forefathers for which Englishmen have been 
 always proverbial. Asgill no doubt pitied their delusion, 
 and deplored their folly, as he saw them dropping off one 
 by one ; and as he is said to have almost attained his 100th 
 year, perhaps the new generation were beginning to sus 
 pect that Lawyer Asgill was not so far wrong after all, and 
 .that their progenitors had the weak side of an argument 
 to which they had yielded themselves martyrs. But death 
 had only "stayed execution," not "abandoned his claim;" 
 and, in November, 1738, Asgill was forced to be a witness 
 against himself, and, to use old Anthony Wood's favourite 
 phrase, he " gave way to fate," to prove, we trust, the truth 
 of the old motto which he so much censured, that " Death 
 is the Gate of Life," the entrance to a blissful immortality, 
 to those who by " patient continuance in well-doing, have 
 waited their appointed time till their change come," justi 
 fied, sanctified, and made meet for the " inheritance of the 
 saints in light." We believe Asgill to have been a good 
 man, but one who had 
 
 " Found it pleasant 
 To sail, like Pyrrho, on a sea of speculation," 
 
 until fancy had usurped the province of reason, and the 
 deductions of judgment been displaced by the vagaries of 
 the imagination. 
 
 Ash, Charles. Adbaston : a Poem, 1814. 
 
 Ash, Edward, M.D. d. 1829, conducted a weekly 
 paper, published in numbers, entitled The Speculator, 1790. 
 
 " He amused himself with the elegancies of literature, and as 
 sisted the College of Physicians in the arrangement and style of 
 their official papers and publications ; but he did not publish any 
 work on medical science." Rose's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Ash, St. George, Bishop of Cloyne, 1658-1717, pub. 
 six sermons separately, 1694-1716 ; and contributed to the 
 Phil. Trans., 1684-98. He was a member of the Royal 
 Society. 
 
 Ash, John. Account of Affairs in Carolina, 1703. 
 
 Ash, John, M.D., 1723-1798, of Trinity Coll., Oxf., 
 attained great eminence in his profession. He practised 
 for many years in Birmingham and London. In 1788 he 
 pub. (the result of his own investigations) Experiments 
 and Observations to investigate by Chemical Analysis the 
 Medicinal Properties of the Mineral Waters of Spa and 
 Aix-la-Chapelle, in Germany ; and of the Waters and Boue 
 near St. Amand, in French Flanders. Dr. Ash was founder 
 and president of the celebrated Eumelian club, of which 
 Sir Joshua Reynolds, Mr. Windham, Boswell, and others, 
 were members. See Boswell's Life of Johnson. 
 
 Ash, John, LL.D., 1724-1779, a dissenting minister 
 at Pershore in Worcestershire, pub. several works, 1766- 
 77, the principal of which is, A New and Complete Eng 
 lish Dictionary, Lon., 1775. 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "The plan was extensive beyond any thing of the kind ever 
 attempted, and perhaps embraced much more than was necessary, 
 or useful. It is valuable, however, as containing a very large pro 
 portion of obsolete words, and such provincial or cant words as 
 have crept into general use." CHALMERS. 
 
 Ash, T. Entick's Spelling Diet, abridged. 
 
 Ashburner, A. M. Sermon at Ordination of the late 
 Sir Harry Trelawney, 1777. 
 
 Ashburnham, John, 1603-1671. Narrative of his 
 Attendance on King Charles I., Lon., 1830. 
 
 " This work is valuable from throwing much light on a portion 
 of history which has hitherto been involved in unusual obscu 
 rity." Lon. Athenaum, 
 
 Ashburnham, Wm. Restoration of the Jews. A 
 Poem, Lon., 1794. Elegiac Sonnets, <fcc., Lon.,1795. 
 
 Ashburnham, Sir Wm., Bishop of Chichester. Ser 
 mons pub. separately, 1745-64. 
 
 Ashby, George, an English poet of the reign of 
 Henry VI. He wrote, for the instruction of Prince Edward, 
 a poem on the Active Policy of a Prince. A copy is pre 
 served among the MSS. in the Public Library of the 
 University of Cambridge. Its author states that he wrote 
 it in his eightieth year. RITSOX. 
 
 Ashby, George, 1724-1808, an English divine and 
 antiquary, educated at St. John's Coll. Camb., was a valu 
 able contributor to several important works. Bishop Percy, 
 Mr. Granger, Richard Gough, and a number of others, 
 acknowledged his intelligent aid. Mr. Ashby was the 
 Suffolk clergyman spoken of so handsomely by the Rev. 
 Thomas Harmer, in his preface to the third volume of Ob 
 servations on Scripture. James Barrington refers to his 
 assistance in his work on the Statutes, ed. 1775, p. 12; and 
 Mr. Nichols remarks that, 
 
 " To this respectable divine, I have repeatedly expressed my ob 
 ligations in the course of the History of Leicestershire, for prompt 
 
 and useful information on every subject of literature, gee par 
 ticularly his Dissertation on the Leicester Military, vol. i. p. 155." 
 
 magazine of entertainment and information, NICHOLS'S 
 LITERARY ANECDOTES. 
 
 Ashby, Sir John. His and Rear Admiral Rook's 
 Account of the Engagement at Sea, between the Dutch, 
 ; English, and French Fleets, June, 1690, Lon., 1691. 
 
 Ashby, Richard, a Quaker. A Sermon preached on 
 no text, at St. Martin's Le Grand, Feb. 16, 1693, Lon., 1694. 
 
 Ashby, Saml. The Young Analyst's Exercise, Lon., 
 
 Ashdowne, J. Ch. Warden's and Overseer's Guide 
 1835. 
 
 Ashdowne, Wm. Theolog. Works, 1777-98. 
 
 Ashe. Sermons, 1741. 
 
 Ashe, Isaac. The Book of Revelation, with com 
 pendious notes, <fec., Dublin, 1834. 
 
 " The author has so condensed the result of his reading, as to 
 present in a very brief and convenient form all that is worth pos 
 sessing in the voluminous writings of those who have addicted 
 themselves to the study of the prophetic Scriptures." ion. Evan 
 gelical Mag. 
 
 Ashe, J. Life of William Bagshaw, 1704. 
 
 Ashe, Jonathan. The Masonic Manual, or Lectures 
 on Free Masonry, 1813. 
 
 Ashe, Nicholas. Panthia; a Tragedy, 1803. 
 
 Ashe, Robert Hoadly, D.D. Poet. Trans, by J. 
 Brown, a boy eleven years old, 1787. Letter to John 
 Milner, relative to Bishop Hoadly, 1799. 
 
 "An excellent scholar." NICHOLS. 
 
 Ashe, Simeon, d. 1662, a Puritan divine temp. 
 Charles I. and the Commonwealth. He pub. separately 
 several sermons, Lon., 1642-55, and wrote prefaces to va 
 rious works. 
 
 " He was a Christian of the primitive simplicity, and a Noncon 
 formist of the old stamp. He was eminent for a holy life, a cheer 
 ful mind, and a fluent elegancy in prayer." DR. CAI.AMY. 
 
 Ashe, Thos., of Gray's Inn, pub. a number of works 
 intended as Indexes, &c. to the Year Books and Law Re 
 ports, Lon., 1602-33. In 1618 appeared his Fasciculus 
 Florum; or an handful of flowers gathered out of the 
 several books of the Right Hon. Sir Edward Coke. His 
 Promptuaire was pub. in 1614. 
 
 " By the helpe thereof, that which was heretofore confused, full 
 of paines, and ambiguous, will uow become short, plain, easy, aud 
 compendious." 
 
 " The author seems to have had a passion for writing Indexes 
 and Digests, which he prepared with great care, but which are now 
 of comparatively little use." Marvin's Legal Bibl., which see. 
 
 Ashe, Thos. Carolina; or, Description of the Present 
 State of that Country, &c., Lon., 1682. See Hist. Coll. of 
 South Carolina, by B. R. Carroll, N.Y., 1836, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Ashe, Thos., Esq., pub. several works, Lon., 1808- 
 12. Travels in America in 1806, Lon., 1808. 
 
 " He has spoiled a good book by engrafting incredible stories on 
 authentic facts." Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 Life and Corresp. of Thos. Ashe, 1814, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 Asheburne, Thos., wrote in 1384 (in the Cottonian 
 MS. Ap. vii.) a religious poem, De Contemptu Mundi. 
 
 Asheton, Wm. See ASSHETON. 
 
 Ashhurst, Sir H. Life of Rev. N. Hay wood, 1695. 
 
 Ashhurst, Sir W. H. Charge to the Grand Jury.l 792. 
 
 Ashley. The Art of Painting, &c. in Glass, 1801. 
 
 Ashley, Anthony. The Mariner's Mirror, <fec., 1588. 
 
 Ashley, Henry. The Doctrine and Prac. of Attach 
 ment in the Mayor's Court, Lon. 2d ed. Lon., 1819. 
 
 Ashley, John. A work rel. to Brit. Col. in America, 
 Lon., 1740. 
 
 Ashley, Jonathan, 1713-1780, minister at Deerfield, 
 Massachusetts, pub. Sermons, <fcc., 1741-45. 
 
 Ashley, Robt., 1565-1641, translated a number of 
 works into English: 1. Urania, a Celestial Muse, Lon., 
 1589. 2. Of the Interchangeable Course, 1594. 3. Al- 
 mansor, 1627. 4. Cochin China, 1633. 5. David Perse 
 cuted. 
 
 Ashmand, J. M. Trans. Ptolemy's Tertrabiblos, or 
 Quadriparti, &c., Lon., 1822. 
 
 Ashmead, John W. Reports in the Courts of Com 
 mon Pleas, Quarter Sessions, Oyer and Terminer, and 
 Orphan's Court of the First District of Pennsylvania, 
 2 vols. 8vo, Philada., 1838-41. 
 
 "The second volume contains many adjudications of law and 
 of equity decided after the act of June 16, 1836. by which exten 
 sive equity powers were conferred upon the judges of this court. 
 
 " Mr. Ashmead appears to have performed his task with accu 
 racy and general fare." 
 
 Ashmole, Elias, 1617-1693, the founder of the Ash- 
 molean Museum at Oxford, a celebrated philosopher, an- 
 
ASH 
 
 tiquary, and chemist, was born at Lichfield, in Stafford 
 shire. In 1641 he became attorney of the Common Pleas. 
 In 1644 he entered himself of Brasenose College, Oxford, 
 where he zealously devoted himself to the study of Mathe 
 matics, Natural Philosophy, and Astronomy. Upon his 
 return to London, he became an associate of Moore, Lilly, 
 Booker, and other astrologers and Rosicrucianists, the 
 effects of which studies were seen by his publication, in 
 1650, of Dr. Arthur Dee's Fasciculus Chemicus ; together 
 with another tract of the same character, by an unknown 
 author. In 1652 appeared his Theatrum Chemicuni Bri- 
 tannicum, a collection of the works of such English Chem 
 ists as had remained in manuscript. In a letter to Mr. 
 (afterwards Sir William) Dugdale, whom he accompanied 
 in his Survey of the Fens, he gives an account of the 
 Roman Road called Bennevanna, in Antoninus's Itinerary. 
 In 1655 or 1658 he began to collect materials for his 
 History of the Institutions, Laws, and Ceremonies of the 
 most Noble Order of the Garter, which he published in 
 1672 : upon presenting a copy to King Charles II., he 
 granted him a privy seal for 400. In 1679 he lost, by a 
 fire, a collection of 9000 coins, a fine library, and many 
 curiosities. In 1682, the University of Oxford having 
 prepared a building for their reception, he sent thither his 
 collection of coins, medals, <fcc. ; and at his death the Ash- 
 molean Museum was still further enriched by the bequest 
 of the books and MSS. of the learned founder. His His 
 tory of Berkshire was published after his death (in 1715) 
 in 3 vols. folio, and is not thought to do the author justice. 
 
 " He was the greatest virtuoso and curioso that ever was known 
 or read of in England before his time. Uxor Solis took up its 
 habitation in. his breast, and in his bosom the great God did 
 abundantly store up the treasures of all sorts of wisdom and 
 knowledge. Much of his time, when he was in the prime of his 
 years, was spent in chemistry ; in which faculty, being accounted 
 fomous, he did worthily deserve the title of Mercuric philus An- 
 glicus." Wood's Ath'.n. Oxon. 
 
 Ashmole's Diary, reprinted at the end of Lilly's History 
 of his Life and Times in 1774, "abounds so much in ab 
 surd and whimsical facts as to be almost an injury to Ash- 
 mole's memory." Ashmole was thrice married ; his third 
 wife was the daughter of his friend, Sir William Dugdale. 
 The History of the Order of the Garter 
 
 " Was his greatest undertaking, and had he published nothing 
 else, would have preserved his memory, as it certainly is, in its 
 kind, one of the most valuable books in our language." CHALMERS. 
 
 The work " obtained great applause, not only from his 
 majesty, but from all the Knights Companions, and others 
 attached to studies of that kind." 
 
 Among other Knights Companions who testified their 
 approbation of our author's performance, was Christierne, 
 King of Denmark, who sent to Ashmole a gold chain with 
 a medal hanging to it. 
 
 " Whereupon Mr. Ashmole showing it to his majesty, his ma 
 jesty commanded him to wear it : which he accordingly did in 
 some public solemnities that followed. . . Frederick William, 
 Prince Elector of the Empire, was so exceedingly taken with it, 
 that he not only sent to the author a golden chain of 90 Phila- 
 green links, in great knotts most curiously worked, with a gold 
 medal hanging to it, containing on one side his father's picture, 
 and on the other an escutcheon of his arms, but took order that 
 "it should be translated into the Dutch language ; but whether it 
 was so, I cannot yet tell, for I have not yet seen it." WOOD. 
 
 For an analysis of this work, see Oldys's British Libra T 
 rian, p. 119-26 ; and see an interesting correspondence 
 between Earl Harcourt and Richard Gough, in Nichols's 
 Literary Anecdotes, vol. vi. p. 324, in which the subject of 
 females wearing the Order of the Garter is considered. In 
 Thoresby's Diary, we find a notice calculated to excite 
 pensive emotions, of a visit paid by him to the former 
 residence of Ashmole : 
 
 " June 1, 1712. In our return, passing by the house where Mr. 
 Ashmole once lived, we visited the widow, who showed us the re 
 mains of Mr. Tradescant's rarities, amongst which some valuable 
 shells and Indian curiosities." 
 
 With what delight would the master of these "rarities," 
 the great " virtuoso and curioso," have displayed them to 
 this kindred spirit ! How would he have expatiated upon 
 those wonderful " Coynes and Meddals" which Anthony 
 Wood describes with such true antiquarian gusto ! Like 
 Hezekiah, he would doubtless have " shewed them all the 
 house of his precious things, the silver and the gold, and 
 the spices and the precious ointment, and all the house of 
 his armour, and all that was found in his treasures : there 
 was nothing in his house" that he would have " shewe 
 them not." But let us not forget, that although it was a 
 woman's province to gratify the erudite taste of Ralph 
 Thoresby, by displaying these antiquarian rarities, that 
 woman was the widow of Eliaa Ashmole and the daueh- 
 ter of Sir William Dugdale ! 
 
 Ashmore. Views in Scotland, Perth, 1794. 
 
 ASH 
 
 Ashmore, John, an English poet of the early part of 
 the 17th century. The only work of his extant, is Certain 
 Selected Odes of Horace Englished, &c., Lon., 1621. The 
 Epigrammes, <fcc. consist principally of short addresses 
 
 " To several of the author's patrons and friends, except a few 
 more translations at the end, dedicated to Sir Thomas Wharton, 
 son and heir of Philip, Lord Wharton." Censura Littraria, which 
 see for further description. 
 
 Ashmore, Thos. Work upon Bk. of Eng., Lon., 1774. 
 
 Ashmun, Jehudi, 1794-1828, agent of the American 
 Colonization Society, pub. The Memoirs of Rev. Samuel 
 Bacon, and some papers in the African Repository. 
 
 Ashton, Charles, 1665-1752, admitted of Queen's 
 Coll. Camb., 1682, was an eminent scholar. He con 
 tributed anonymously to the Bibliotheca Literaria of 
 Wasse, <fec. ; wrote some treatises upon ecclesiastical an 
 tiquities, and prepared for the press an edition of Justin 
 Martyr, published after his death by Mr. Kellett. 
 
 Ashton, G. The Prisoner's Plaint, Lon., 1623. 
 
 Ashton, J. Answer to the Paper delivered by him at 
 his execution to Sir Wm. Child; and the paper itself, 
 Lon., 1690. 
 
 Ashton, J. The Christian Expositor, Lon., 1774, etc. 
 
 Ashton, J. Conscience ; a Tragedy, 1815. 
 
 Ashton, P. Translated A short Treatise upon the 
 Turke's Chronicle : printed by Whitechurch, Lon., 1546. 
 
 Ashton, R. See ASTON, R. 
 
 Ashton, Sophia Goodrich, b. 1819, Mass., daughter 
 of Rev. C. A. Goodrich. Mothers of the Bible ; Series of 
 Juveniles. 
 
 Ashton, Thos., b. 1631, a Fellow of Brasenose Col 
 lege, Oxf. Wood calls him a "forward and conceited 
 scholar, and a malapert in and near Oxford." Pert enough 
 he seems to have been from the titles of his two little books 
 directed against Colonel Mason, the Governor of Jersey : 
 
 1. Blood-thirsty Cyrus unsatisfied with blood, <fcc., 1659. 
 
 2. Satan in Samuel's Mantle, Ac., 1659. 
 
 Ashton, Thos., 1716-1775, of Eton and King's Coll. 
 Camb., pub. Sermons separately, 1745-70 ; and some let 
 ters arid pamphlets : On the question of electing Aliens 
 into the vacant places in Eton College, 1771. See a letter 
 addressed to him by Horace Walpole from Florence. 
 
 Ashton, Walter. Serm. on Ps. ciii. 1, Lon., 1623. 
 
 Ashton, William. See ASSHETON. 
 
 Ashwell, George, 1612-1693, rector of Hanwell, in 
 Oxfordshire, pub. Fides Apostolica, Oxon., 1653; Gestus 
 Eucharisticus, Oxon., 1663; De Socino et Socianismo, 
 Oxon., 1680; De Ecclesia, Oxon., 1688. He also trans. 
 Philosophus Antodidactus, Lon., 1686. Wood gives him 
 a high character : 
 
 " This Mr. Ashwell, who was a quiet and pious man, and every 
 way worthy of his function, had been an excellent logician, and 
 of a very rational head and understanding, was also well read in 
 the Fathers and Schoolmen, and, therefore, very much valued by 
 Divines whose learning lay that way." 
 
 Ashwell, John, Prior of Newnham. Abbey, near 
 Bedford. "The Letters which Johan Ashwell, Priour of 
 Newnham Abbey besydes Bedforde, sente secretley to the 
 Byshope of Lyncolne. M.D.XXVII. Where in the 
 sayde Pryour accuseth George Joye, that Tyme beyng 
 Felow of Peter College in Cambrydge, of fower opinions : 
 with the Answere of the sayde George unto the same opi 
 nions." 
 
 "At Straszburge 10 Daye of June. Thys lytell Boke 
 be delywered to Johan Ashwell, Priour of Newnha Abbey, 
 besydes Bedforde, with Spede." 
 
 This work is of great interest, not only to the biblio 
 grapher, and lover of rare works, but as connected with 
 the history of one of the first men who stood forth in 
 England, and boldly advocated the " universal diffusion" 
 of the gospel. The Prior of Newnham accused Joye of 
 heresy, and Joye answers the charge. 
 
 " He was a great friend to Master Tiudall, and, therefore, per 
 fectly hated by Wolsey, Fisher, and Sir Thomas More. The par 
 ticulars of his sufferings, if known, would justly advance him 
 into the reputation of a confessor. He translated some parts of 
 the Bible into English, and wrote many works, reckoned up by 
 Bale. Notwithstanding many machinations against his life, he 
 found his coffin where he fetched his cradle, ' in sua patria sepul- 
 tus,' being peaceably buried in his native country, 1553, the last 
 year of King Edward the Sixth." Putter's Worthies. 
 
 For an interesting account of Ashwell's Letters, <fcc., 
 see the Retrospective Review, N.S., vol. ii. 
 
 Ashwell, Samuel, M.D. 1. Diseases Peculiar 
 to Women, Lon., Svo; Phila., 8ro. 2. Parturition, 
 8vo. See GODDAUD, PAUL B., M.D. 
 
 Ashwell, Thos., Compos, of Church Music, temp. 
 | Hen. VIII. 
 
 Ashwood, Bart. The Heavenly Trade, Lon., 1688. 
 I Ashwood, John. Discourses, 1707. 
 
 75 
 
ASH 
 
 Ashworth, Caleb, 1721-1775, presided for 23 years ! 
 over the Dissenting theological institution established 
 upon Coward's Foundation. Dr. Doddridge in his last 
 will recommends Mr. Ashworth for this responsible post. 
 He pub. three Funeral Sermons on the deaths of Dr. ! 
 Watts, Mr. Floyd, and Mrs. Clark ; A Coll. of Tunes and j 
 Anthems ; a Hebrew Grammar ; and An intro. to Plane j 
 Trigonometry. 
 
 " With indefatigable application, with genuine and well-regu- 
 lated zeal, and with growing reputation and success, he exerted 
 his eminent abilities and extensive acquaintance with sacred and 
 human literature in the service of his great Master, and in pro 
 moting the important interest of learning, religion, and charity." 
 Inscription on his monument. Rose's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Aske, James, author of Elizabetha Triumphans, 
 written in commemoration of the defeat of the Spanish 
 Armada, 1588, and pub. in that year. It is in blank \ 
 verse; and as such included in Dr. Percy's volume of j 
 Blank Verse anterior to Milton. It will be found com- | 
 plete in the second volume of Nichols's Progresses of 
 Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 Askew, Anthony, M.D., 1722-1772, a distinguished 
 classical scholar, was educated at Sedburgh School, and j 
 Emmanuel Coll., Cambridge. He studied medicine for a j 
 year at Leyden ; after which he still remained abroad for ! 
 three years, and returned to Cambridge in 1750, and com- | 
 menced practice. He published no medical works, and 
 his easy fortune prevented the necessity of any effort to 
 retain the large professional business which his father, 
 Dr. Adam Askew, had long enjoyed. Whilst abroad, he 
 laid the foundation of his choice library by the purchase 
 of many valuable books and manuscripts. Amongst 
 these treasures was a complete collection of the editions 
 of JEschylus, a new edition of which Dr. Askew intended 
 to have given to the world. Whilst yet a student at 
 Leyden, he issued a specimen of his intended edition, 
 dedicated to Dr. Richard Mead : Novae Editionis Tragae- 
 diarum JEschyli Specimen, curante Antonio Askew, <fec., 
 Lugd. Batav., 1746. This pamphlet is now of great rarity. 
 
 Askew has been properly esteemed one of the fathers of 
 the " BIBLIOMANIA" in England. He estimated his rare 
 books and dingy manuscripts as more precious than rubies 
 or fine gold, and was careful how he permitted them to 
 pass from his own hands. We have an amusing account 
 of his displaying (but sub oculis only manibuaque was 
 too much for a king to ask !) to his visitors some of his 
 choicest volumes, safely enshrined within glass cases, 
 whilst the happy owner, perched upon his library ladder, 
 would read from an " Editio princeps," or an " Exemplar 
 elegans," some scrap of philosophic wisdom of the " elder 
 time." How could the enthusiastic Askew ever resign 
 those darlings of his soul ! But Death, who has no re 
 spect for men's " hobbies," and who stops not to ask, when 
 he has levelled his shaft, whether his intended victim be 
 of Athens or Boeotia, entered the doctor's retreat at Hamp- 
 stead one day, and summoned him to leave his books and 
 manuscripts, the cherished acquisition of so many happy 
 years ! His collection went the way of most libraries 
 through the hands of the auctioneer, into the vacant 
 niches or shelves which had long waited for the demise of 
 the owner.. The Rev. Mr. Cracherode's long purse swal 
 lowed many an " Exemplar Askevianum." Dr. Hunter 
 expended 500 upon the spot, and Dr. Maty purchased to 
 a considerable amount for the British Museum. But 
 more than this ! Even Royalty was a competitor in this 
 day's struggle. The King of England was a purchaser 
 of 300 worth of rare tomes, and his Majesty of France, 
 and some other foreign collectors, absorbed, through the 
 agency of De Bure, no less than the value of 1500. 
 
 We quote from our copy of the BIBLIOMANIA (richly in 
 terleaved with original letters of Dr. Dibdin and Richard 
 Heber for we ourselves are something of a BIBLIOMA 
 NIAC) the prices at which a few of the great guns were 
 disposed of. 
 
 " No. 684. Boccacio, il Teseide, Ferar. 1475. Prima Edizione 85 
 
 1576. Durandi Rationale, 1459. In Membranis. 61. 
 
 2656. Platonis Opera, apud Aldum, 2 vols. fol., 1513 Edit 
 Prin. On vellum. 55 13s. Qd. Purchased by Dr. Wm. Hunter. 
 The reader can have no idea of the beauty of these vellum leaves! 
 The ink is of the finest lustre, and the whole typographical ar 
 rangement may be considered a masterpiece of printing 
 
 2812. Plinii Hist. Natural; apud Spiram, fol., 1469. Edit. Prin 
 ceps. 43 Os. Od. This copy bears no kind of comparison with 
 the copy in Lord Spencer's, Dr. Hunters, and the Cracherode col 
 lections. These latter are giants to it. 
 
 3537. Terentianus Maurus de Literis, Syllabis, et Metris Ho- 
 ratii Mediol., fol., 1497 ; 12. 12*. Qd. This is judged to be the only 
 copy of the edition in England, if not in the whole world. Dr. 
 Askew could find no copy in his travels over Europe, though he 
 made earnest and particular search in every library which he had 
 an opportunity of consulting." 
 
 AST 
 
 " Rare and magnificent as the preceding articles may be consi 
 dered, I can confidently assure the reader that they form a very 
 small part of the extraordinary books in Dr. Askew's library. 
 Many a ten and twenty has been omitted many a prince of an 
 edition passed by unguarded. [Dibdin quotes nineteen articles.] 
 The articles were 3570 in number; probably comprehending about 
 7000 volumes. They were sold for 4000." 
 
 Dr. Askew was a warmly-attached friend of Dr. Richard 
 Mead. (See MEAD, RICHARD.) Of the classical attain 
 ments of Askew, Dr. Parr speaks in high praise. 
 
 Aspin, J. Educational Works, 1801-9-13, etc. 
 
 Aspin, Wm. Sermon on Envy, Eccl. iv. 4, 1684. 
 
 Aspin all, James. The Crisis, Liverp., 1831. 
 
 Aspinwall. Translated "Rodogune," 1765. 
 
 Aspinwall,Edward. A Preservation against Popery, 
 Lon., 1715 ; Arguments in proof of Christian Religion, 1731. 
 
 Asplaud, Robert, 1782-1845, a Dissenter, b. at 
 Wicken, county of Cambridge, Eng. He was at one time 
 a Churchman, afterwards a Baptist, and finally a Unita 
 rian. For forty years he was pastor of the Gravel-Pit 
 Chapel, Hackney. In 1806, he established the Monthly 
 Repository and founded the Unitarian Fund Society ; in 
 1815, established the Christian Reformer, a monthly maga 
 zine, which is continued by his son, the Rev. R. Brook 
 Aspland, of Dukinfield. His publications number about 
 fifty. A vol. of Sermons, arid several pamphlets from his 
 pen, have been edited by his son, 1 vol. 8vo. See Memoir 
 and Correspondence, by R. B. A., 1850, 8vo ; Appleton'a 
 New Amer. Cyc. 
 
 Aspley, J. Work on Navigation, Lon., 1668. 
 
 Asplin, Saml. Sermons, pub. 1711-15. 
 
 Asplin, Wm. Upon Worship'g towards the East, 1728. 
 
 Asser, d. 910, Bishop of Sherborne, and perhaps of 
 another see antecedently, has had attributed to him seve 
 ral works, the principal of which is the Life of Alfred, 
 (JElfredi Regis Res Gestae, pub. by Archbp. Parker, 1574 :) 
 but see an elaborate argument by the learned Thomas 
 Wright (Biog. Brit Lit) against the authenticity of this 
 biography. 
 
 Assheton, Wm., 1641-1711, fellow of Brasenose 
 College, Oxf., pub. a number of theological, controversial, 
 and moral works, Lon., 1662-1710. Among his principal 
 productions were: 1. Toleration Disapproved and Con 
 demned by the Authority and Convincing Reasons of, <fec., 
 Oxf., 1670; 2. The Cases of Scandal and Persecution, 
 Lon., 1674; 3. A Seasonable Vindication of the Blessed 
 Trinity, [a compilation from Tillotson and Stillingfleet,] 
 Lon., 1679 ; 4. The Royal Apology, or An Answer to the 
 Rebel's Plea, <fcc., 2d ed., Lon., 1685 ; 5. The Country 
 Parson's Admonition to his Parishioners against Popery; 
 6. Directions for the Conversation of the Clergy, [from 
 Stillingfleet,] Lon., 1710. 
 
 " The writer of his life gives him the-highest character for piety, 
 probity, and inflexible adherence to the doctrines and interests of 
 the Church of England." 
 
 Astell, J. P. Liquor Alcahest, or a Discourse of that 
 immortal dissolvent of Paracelsus and Helmot, Lon., 1675. 
 
 Astell, Mary, 1668 ?-1731, a writer of considerable 
 note in her day, pub. a number of theological and niiscel. 
 works. 
 
 A Serious Proposal to the Ladies for the Advancement 
 of their True and Greatest Interest, <fcc. ; also, Part the 
 Second : wherein a method is offered for the improvement 
 of their minds, Lon., 1697. 
 
 " These books contributed not a little towards awakening their 
 minds, and lessening their esteem for those trifling amusements 
 which steal away too much of their time." BALLARD. 
 
 An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex. "A witty piece." 
 Reflections on Marriage, occasioned, it is said, by a disap 
 pointment she experienced in a marriage contract, 1700. 
 
 " Some people think she has carried her arguments with regard 
 to the birthrights and privileges of her sex a little too far; and that 
 there is too much warmth of temper discovered in this treatise." 
 
 But surely a little asperity should be excused when we 
 consider the circumstances ! A Fair Way with Dissenters, 
 and their Patrons, 1704; The Christian Religion, as Prac 
 tised by a Daughter of the Church of England, 1705; 
 Six Familiar Essays upon Marriage, Crosses in Love, and 
 Friendship, 1706. Poor Mary ! still harping upon that 
 
 fay deceiver ! Bart'lemy Fair, or an Inquiry after Wit, 
 700 ; republished in 1722, with the words " Bart'lemy 
 Fair" omitted. 
 
 " She was extremely fond of obscurity, which she courted and 
 doated on beyond all earthly blessings ; and was as ambitious to 
 slide gently through the world, without so much as being seen or 
 taken notice of, as others are to bustle and make a figure in it. . . . 
 Notwithstanding her great care to conceal herself, her name was 
 soon discovered, and made known to several learned persons, 
 whose restless curiosity would otherwise hardly have been satis 
 fied." BAU.ARD. 
 
 These remarks apply more particularly to the publica- 
 
AST 
 
 AST 
 
 tion of her Letters to Mr. John Norris concerning The 
 Love of God. 
 
 Mrs. Astell was held in great estimation by some of 
 the most distinguished persons of her day. Dr. John 
 Walker calls her " The most ingenious Mrs. Astell ;" Henry 
 Dodwell styles her "The admirable gentlewoman, Mrs. 
 Astell." Evelyn acknowledges the satisfaction which he 
 derived from her writings. But as perfection is not for 
 man nor woman either, it seems we must confess tha 
 Bishop Atterbury in writing to Dr. Smalridge complain 
 in this wise: 
 
 " I happened about a fortnight ago to dine with Mrs. Astell 
 She spoke to me of my sermon, and desired me to print it ; am 
 ai'UT 1 had given the proper answer, hinted to me that she shoulc 
 be glad of perusing it ; I complyed with her, and sent her the ser 
 mon next day. Yesterday she returned it with this sheet of re 
 marks, which I cannot forbear communicating to you, because '. 
 take 'em to be of an extraordinary nature, considering they came 
 from a woman. Indeed one would not imagine that a woman ha( 
 wri tten them. There is not an expression that carries the leas 
 air of her sex from the beginning to the end of it. She attacks 
 me very home, you see, and artfully enough, under a pretence oi 
 taking my part against other divines, who are in Hoadley's Mea 
 sures. [Probably it was the sermon against Bishop Hoadley's 
 Measures of Submission.] Had she had as much good breeding 
 as good sense, she would be perfect; but she has not the most de 
 cent way of insinuating what she means, but is now and then a 
 little offensive and shocking in her expressions; which I wonder 
 at, because a civil turn of words is what her sex is always mis 
 tress of. She, I think, is wanting in it. [No doubt he though 
 so : and pray, what controversialist, " his soul in arms, and eage: 
 for the fray," ever thought a hostile criticism " civil ?" But the 
 good Bishop in the midst of his chagrin will still be just; and 
 goes on to say :] But her sensible and rational way of writing 
 makes amends for that defect, if indeed [here the wounded author 
 gets uppermost again] any thing can make amends for it. I dreac 
 to engage her ; [quite an admission !] so I only writ a general civi 
 answer to her, and leave the rest to an oral conference." 
 
 It is not a little amusing that Mrs. Astell's Christian 
 Religion as Professed by a Daughter of the Church of 
 England, was attributed to the pen of the prelate who 
 thus winces under her criticism. 
 
 Lord Stanhope writes to Bishop Atterbury : 
 " I am informed this day that you have put out in print a mighty 
 ingenious pamphlet; but that you have been pleased to lather \\ 
 upon one Mrs. Astell, a female friend and witty companion of your 
 wife's." 
 
 Mrs. Astell was a truly exemplary character, and devoted 
 her talent to the best ends, the interests of true religion, 
 and the improvement of her own sex ; indeed, of all 
 capable of appreciating moral excellence and intellectual 
 elevation. 
 
 Astle, Mary. See ASTELL. 
 Astle, Thomas, 1734-1803, an eminent antiquary, 
 and Keeper of the Records in the Tower of London, was 
 descended from the ancient family of the Astles, lords of 
 the Manor of Fauld, in Staffordshire. In 1770 he was ap 
 pointed by the House of Lords to superintend the printing 
 of the Ancient Records of Parliament : succeeding his 
 father-in-law in this duty, who had been appointed at the 
 instance of Mr. Astle, when consulted on this subject by 
 the House of Lords in 1766. The Records were published 
 in six folio volumes. Of the Society of Antiquaries he 
 was a useful and distinguished member, and contributed 
 several valuable papers to the Archaeologia in v6ls. iv., vii., 
 x., xii., and xiii. ; and to the Vetusta Monumenta. To the 
 Catalogue of the Harleian MSS. he wrote a preface and 
 index. In 1777 appeared his Catalogue of the MSS. in the 
 Cottonian Library, with a catalogue of the charters. Mr. 
 Planta's Cat. of MSS. has superseded Astle's, but the lat 
 ter is still useful as containing the only cat. of the charters 
 in that library. 
 
 The Will of King Henry VII., Lon., 1775. The Will 
 of King Alfred, Oxon., 1788. Mr. Astle's great work is, 
 The Origin and Progress of Writing, as well hieroglyphic 
 elementary ; illustrated by engravings taken from Mar- 
 bios, MSS., and Charters, Ancient and Modern ; also some 
 Account of the Origin of Printing, Lon., 1784. A second 
 and improved edition appeared in 1803. To this produc 
 tion the high praise has been awarded of being " the com- 
 pletest work on the subject of Writing in this or any other 
 language." In the last chapter he labours to prove that 
 the art of printing took its origin from the Chinese. Upon 
 this hydra-headed theme we have no space here to enter. 
 We shall have to meet it somewhere, we presume, before 
 we finish our volume. Apropos, we take it very ill of Mr. 
 Brunet that he condescends not to favour Astle's great 
 work with a single bibliographical comment. He can ex 
 pend a column upon Bodoni, (who deserves honourable 
 mention,) but not a line for Astle. He should remember 
 " the swashing blow" of good Master Dibdin, when the 
 hero of Dijon " bit the dust," and Lesne" and Licquet " fled 
 the field" discomfited. Let M. Brunet (one of the first 
 
 I of living bibliographers) profit by their example, lest he 
 provoke a second C'rapelet war ! His silence is the more 
 inexcusable after the glowing eulogy of Peignot, who in 
 his Essai sur 1'Histoire du Parchemin et du Velin calls 
 Astle's book " le plus ample et le plus savant sur 1'histoire 
 de la calligraphic." 
 
 " The general character that we have to give of Mr. Astle's book 
 is, that the authors reflections are all very ingenious, most of them 
 just, and the engraved specimens properly chosen for the enter 
 tainment of curious readers, and for the information of men of 
 business. But we are far from being satisfied with his speculations 
 on language, and the origin of writing." Lon. MontlJy Jteriew lor 
 October, 1784: see this whole article, which has been highly com 
 mended. It is in opposition to some of Astle's views. 
 
 " This work, it is needless to add, will fully establish Mr. Astle's 
 literary feme, and will transmit his name with lustre to posterity, 
 together with those of his fellow-labourers, Mr. Harris and Lord 
 Monboddo." Lon. Gent. Mag. for 1784: see Home's Introd. to the 
 Study of Bibliography, vol. i. p. 72. 
 
 Astle's remarks upon the character and reign of Henry 
 VII. have been highly praised. 
 
 " His learning, which is various, cannot escape observation ; and 
 his authorities in general are the best that could be found. His 
 judgment, precision, and minuteness, are all to be highly com 
 mended. There is even a considerable spirit of philanthropy in 
 his work; and in so far he advances beyond the character of a mere 
 antiquary. He displays not, however, any splendour or brightness 
 of genius. He is simple and judicious, but not original." Atw 
 Catalogue of English Living Authors. 
 
 We subjoin an interesting letter from Dr. Johnson to our 
 author: "July 17, 1781. 
 
 " SIR, I am ashamed that you have been forced to call so often 
 for your books, but it has been by no fault on either side. Ihey 
 have never been out of my hands, nor have I ever been at home 
 without seeing you ; for to see a man so skilful in the antiquities 
 of my country is an opportunity of improvement not willingly to 
 be missed. 
 
 " Your notes on Alfred appear to me very judicious and accurate, 
 but they are too few. Many things familiar to you are unknown 
 to me and to most others ; and you must not think too favourably 
 of your readers: by supposing them knowing, you will leave them 
 ignorant. Measure of land, and value of money, it is of great im 
 portance to state with care. Had the Saxons any gold coin ? 
 
 "I have much curiosity after the manners and transactions of 
 the Middle Ages, but have wanted either diligence or opportunity, 
 or both. [Then, good Doctor ! why attempt to edit Shakspeare ?] 
 You, sir, have great opportunities, and I wish you both diligence 
 and success. 1 am, sir, &c., 
 
 "SAM. JOHNSON." 
 
 Astley, F. F. Hints to Planters, Lon., 1807. 
 
 Astley, John, Master of the Jewel House, and Gen 
 tleman of Queen Elizabeth's Privy Chamber, was not only 
 a great equestrian himself, but much concerned to improve 
 the bad riding which he was pained to see around him, 
 when taking the air for his health or amusement. The 
 Art of Riding was especially worthy of cultivation in the 
 reign of a queen so fond of getting up parties of pleasure 
 to the castles of her rich subjects, that the worthy anti 
 quary, John Nichols, had materials enough to make up 
 three quarto volumes of The Progresses of Queen Elizabeth, 
 a work so highly esteemed that copies have been repeatedly 
 sold by public auction for upwards of 40. In such ex 
 cursions as that to Kenilworth Castle, so glowingly de 
 scribed by Master Laneham, where on the road " after 
 great cheer at dinner, there was pleasant pastime in hunt 
 ing by the way after," wo to the knight who knew not 
 how to " sit his horse aright." The queen set an example 
 of the use of the saddle to her "loving subjects," for Lane- 
 bam tells us " So passing into the inner court, her ma 
 jesty (that never rides but alone) there set down from 
 her palfrey, was conveyed up to her chamber." 
 
 But to return to Master Astley. In 1584, his zeal for good 
 horsemanship induced him to put forth a work entitled 
 
 The Art of Hiding set foorth, in a Breefe Treatise, with a due 
 Interpretation of certaine Places, alledged out of Xenophon and 
 3ryson, very expert and excellent Horsemen: wherein also the 
 true Vse of the Hand, by the said Qryson's Rules and Precepts, is 
 speciallie touched : and how the Author of this present Worke 
 hath put the same in Practise ; also, what Profit men may reape 
 thereby ; without the knowledge whereof, all the residue of the 
 Art of Riding is but vaine. Lastlie. is added a short Discourse of 
 the Chaine of Cauezzan, The Trench and the Martingale. Lon.. 
 1584, 4to. 
 
 In the same year, not unwilling to call in the aid of n 
 foreigner in the reformation of bad riding, he published 
 
 The Art of Riding, conteining diverse necessarie Instructions, 
 Demonstrations, Helps, and Corrections, appertaining to Horse 
 manship, not heretofore expressed by anie other Author ; written 
 at large in the Italian Toong, by Maister Claudio Corte, a man 
 most excellent in this Art. Here brieflie reduced into certaine 
 English Discourses to the benefit of Gentlemen desirous of such 
 knowledge, Lon., 1584. 
 
 Astley, Jos. On the Doctrine of Heat; Nic. Jour. v. 
 23, 1801. 
 
 Astley, Philip, 1742-1814. Remarks on the Duty 
 and Profession of a Soldier, 1794. A Description and His- 
 
 77 
 
AST 
 
 ATH 
 
 torical Account of the places near the theatre of war in the 
 Low Countries, 1794. System of Equestrian Education. 
 1801. 
 
 Astley, Thos. Collection of Voyages and Travels. 
 The first number appeared in Dec., 1744, and the last in 
 1747. The author was Mr. John Green. 
 
 Aston, Anthony. This "gentleman, lawyer, poet, 
 actor, soldier, sailor, exciseman, and publican," (we quote 
 his own words,) was the author of Love in a Hurry, 1709 ; 
 Pastora, 1712; The Fool's Opera, 1731 (with account 
 of his life appended.) In 1742 he pub. A Brief Supple 
 ment to Colley Gibber, Esq., his Lives of the late famous 
 Actors and Actresses, by Tony Aston : " which contains 
 some information not preserved elsewhere." 
 
 Aston, Ed. Manners, Laws, and Customs of all Na 
 tions, translated from the Latin of John Boenus, Lon., 1611. 
 
 Aston, J. Lancashire Gazetteer, <fec., 1808. 
 
 Aston, H. H. A Sermon on Heb. xiii. 16, 1745. 
 
 Aston or Ashton, R. Placita Latinae Redivivae ; a 
 Book of Entries of Approved Precedents of Courts, <fec., 
 3d ed., 1661 ; again reprinted, 1673. 
 
 " The swarms of books of precedents of various kinds in modern 
 times, obviate the necessity of reference to Aston, written in 
 crabbed, abridged Latin, with its marginal notes in Law French." 
 Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 Aston, Sir Thos., d. 1645, " a brave and loyal gentle 
 man" attached to the cause of Charles L, and killed in the 
 act of making his escape from prison, wrote : 1. A Remon 
 strance against Presbytery, Lon., 1641. 2. A Short Survey 
 of the Presbyt. Discipline, and a Brief Review of the In 
 stitutions, <fec. of Bishops. 3. A Collection of Petitions to 
 the King and Parliament, 1642. 
 
 Aston, Thos. Sermons, pub. 1658-91. 
 
 Aston, W. H. Select Psalms in Verse, Lon., 1811. 
 
 Aston, Sir Walter, deserves mention as the patron 
 of Drayton, who dedicated to him one of his England's 
 Heroical Epistles, and in his Polyolbion thus acknow 
 ledges his patron's favours. 
 
 " Trent, by Tixall graced, the Astons' ancient seat, 
 Which oft the Muse hath found her safe and sweet retreat." 
 
 Astrey or Astry, Sir Jas. General Charges to all 
 Grand Juries, and other Juries, <fcc., Lon., 1703. 
 
 Astry, Francis. Sermons, pub. Lon., 1716-33. 
 
 Astry, T. Case of a Young Man struck Dumb, Lon., 
 1671. 
 
 Atcheson, Nath. Report of the Case of Hevelock 
 v. Rookwood, to the K. B., &c., Lon., 1800. Case of 
 Fisher v. Ward, Lon., 1803. American Encroachments, 
 Lon., 1805. Collection of Reports, <fec., relative to the 
 Trade of Great Britain, Ireland, and the Brit. Colonies in 
 the W. Indies and America, Lon., 1807. 
 
 Atchison, Robt. Obs. on Dysentery, Med. Com., 1785. 
 
 Athelard of Bath, flourished 1110-1120, is the great 
 est name in English science before Robert Grossetete and 
 Roger Bacon. His name would lead us to believe that he 
 was of Saxon blood. He was born probably in the latter 
 part of the eleventh century, and first quitted England to 
 study in the schools of Tours and Laon. In the latter 
 place he opened a school, and had, among other disciples 
 his nephew, to whom he appears to have been affection 
 ately attached. But Athelard's love of knowledge was 
 unsatisfied with the state of science in France, and he left 
 his school, and crossed the Alps to Salerno, from whence he 
 proceeded to Greece and Asia Minor, and it is very pro 
 bable that he went to study among the Arabs in the East. 
 Bagdad and Egypt were then the seats of Arabian learn 
 ing. On his arrival in his native country, after an absence 
 of seven years, the throne, he tells us, was occupied by 
 Henry I. ; and one of the first books he published after 
 his arrival, being dedicated to William, Bishop of Syracuse, 
 must have been written before 1116, the date of that pre 
 late's death. The manner in which Athelard speaks of 
 the reception of the Arabian sciences, seems to show that 
 they were then quite new among the Christians of the 
 West, and to contradict the opinion founded on a legend 
 preserved by William of Malmsbury, that they had been 
 introduced long before by Gerbert. We know nothing 
 more of Athelard's personal history. His celebrity was 
 great in after times ; and in the thirteenth century Vincent 
 of Beauvais gives him the title of Philosophus Anglorum. 
 
 Athelard's writings appear to have enjoyed a great po 
 pularity. We may divide them into two classes original 
 works, and translations from the Arabic. Among the 
 former are, 1. The treatise De eodem et diverse, already 
 mentioned, of which the only copy known to exist is pre 
 served in a manuscript in the Bibliotheque Royale at 
 Paris. It is written in the form of a letter to his nephew, 
 and dedicated to William, Bishop of Syracuse. 2. Tan- 
 78 
 
 ner mentions a tract with the somewhat similar title of 
 De sic et non sic, which he says commenced with the 
 words Meministi ex quo incepirnus. 3. The Qugestiones 
 Naturales, of which there are many manuscripts existing 
 under a great variety of titles. This treatise was printed 
 apparently as early as the fifteenth century. It is written 
 in the form of a dialogue between Athelard and his ne 
 phew, and is dedicated to Richard, Bishop of Bayeux, 
 (1108-1133.) In this tract Athelard gives his opinion on 
 various physical questions concerning animals, man, and 
 the elements. At the conclusion he promises a treatise on 
 higher philosophical subjects, De initio de initiis. 4. Re- 
 gulae Abaci. This tract, on a subject which since the time 
 of Gerbert had employed the pens of a multitude of ma 
 thematicians, was perhaps one of Athelard's earliest writ 
 ings. It is preserved in a MS. of the library of Leyden, 
 where it is preceded by a short preface containing Athe 
 lard's name, and without the preface or name, in a manu 
 script in the Bibliotheque Royale at Paris. 5. A treatise 
 on the Astrolabe, evidently taken from Arabian writers. 
 A copy is preserved in the British Museum. Leland, who 
 sometimes speaks rather extravagantly of the style of the 
 mediaeval writers, calls this " libellum argutum, numero- 
 sum, rotundum." It is certainly the one of Athelard's 
 works which least merits that character. 6. Problemata. 
 Leland mentions a work of Athelard's under this title, 
 which he had seen in the library of the Franciscans at 
 London, but which had afterwards disappeared. 7. De 
 septem artibus liberalibus. Tanner, on the authority of 
 Boston of Bury, mentions a work of Athelard's bearing 
 this title, written partly in prose and partly in verse, and 
 commencing with the words Sgepernumero est a philosophis. 
 8. A treatise on the Compotus, mentioned by Tanner as 
 having formerly been in the library of the Earl of Stam 
 ford. 9. Tanner states that a tract is indicated in the old 
 table of contents of a manuscript in the King's Library, 
 under the title Liber magistri Adelardi Bathoniensis qui 
 dicitur Mappaa clavicula, but the tract itself had been 
 torn out. 
 
 The most important of Athelard's translations from the 
 Arabic was : 1. The Elements of Euclid. This became 
 the text-book of all succeeding mathematicians. The 
 manuscripts of Athelard's Euclid are numerous. It was 
 afterwards published with a commentary under the name 
 of Campanus, and printed at Venice as early as 1482. 
 Mr. Halliwell has mentioned some reasons for believing 
 that the commentary also was in reality the work of Athe 
 lard. Dr. Dee possessed a manuscript which contained 
 translations of Euclid's Optics and Catoptrics under the 
 name of Athelard. Athelard also translated, 2. The Isa- 
 goge minor Jafaris mathematici in Astronomiam. There 
 is a copy of this work in the Bodleian library. 3. Ezich 
 Elkauresmi, hoc est, tabulae Chawaresmicae ex Arabico 
 traductae. A translation of the Kharismian tables. There 
 is a copy of this also in the Bodleian library. Leland 
 mentions a work translated from the Arabic by Athelard, 
 under the title Erith Elcharetmi, which Bale and Boston 
 of Bury give, more correctly, Ezich-Jafarim or Ezich-Jafa- 
 ris : it appears to be a corruption of Zydj Djafar, and was 
 probably only another name for the Kharismian tables. 
 4. The Praestigia astronomica Thebedis, which formerly 
 existed in a manuscript of the library of Avranches. Per 
 haps some other tracts of Athelard exist in manuscripts as 
 yet unexamined, or pass as anonymous treatises. M. Jour- 
 dain was inclined to attribute to him a piece entitled Liber 
 imbrium secundum Indos, preserved in the Bibliotheque 
 Royale at Paris. 
 
 Editions. Sequitur tabula istius libelli. . . . Incipit prologus 
 Adelardi Bathoniensis in suas questiones naturales perdifflciles. 
 At the end, Expliciunt questiones naturales Adelardi Bachonien- 
 sis. Laus deo et virgini, AMEN. Qui petit occultas rerum agnos- 
 cere causas Me videat, quia sum lasvis explanator earum, 4to, with 
 out other title, or the name of place or date, but printed in an 
 early-shaped Gothic type. There are two different editions an 
 swering to this description, the one evidently a reprint of the other. 
 They are both in the British Museum. Martene and Durand, 
 Thesaurus novus Anecdotorum. Tomus i. Lutet. Paris, 1717, fol. 
 col. 291. The preface to the Naturales Quaestiones. Jourdain, 
 Recherches Critiques sur 1' age et 1' origine des Traductions Latines 
 d' Aristote, Paris, 1819, 8vo, pp. 494-497. The dedication and com 
 mencement of Athelard's treatise De eodem et diverso. Abbreviated 
 from Wrights Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Atherley, E. G. A Treatise on the Law of Mar 
 riage and other Family Settlements, Lon., 1813. 
 
 " An able and excellent treatise." CHANCELLOR KENT. 
 
 Atherstone, Edwin, a poet of uncommon merit, 
 author of the Last Days of Herculaneum ; and Abradates 
 and Panthea, Lon., 1 821. These poems have been praised 
 by high authority for 
 
 Power and vigour, splendid diction, and truly poetic feeling. 
 
ATH 
 
 . . The style often resembles Thomson's, and In some places we 
 might instance imitations of that poet, as well as of Akenside. 
 London Literary Gazette. 
 
 The Fall of Nineveh ; a Poem. 
 
 "The fall of the Assyrian Empire is a subject worthy of the 
 historical epic; and Mr. Atherstone has genius to insure its treatr 
 ment in a grand and striking manner." s / 
 
 Sea Kings in England, a Romance, 3 vols. 
 
 Atherton. Christian Physican, Lon., 1683. 
 
 Atherton, W. An Elementary and Practical Trea 
 tise on the Commencement of Personal Actions, &c., 
 Lon., 1833. 
 
 " This is a very useful guide on the commencement of personal 
 actions. The work is well executed, and the authentic and prac 
 tical forms diligently collected." Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 At kens, John. Surgical Works, Lon., 1723-58. 
 
 Atkey, A. A Sermon on Jer. xii. 1, 1732. 
 
 Atkins. Essay on Spirituous Liquors, Lon., 1803. 
 
 Atkins, H. On the Trinity Bill, 1813. 
 
 Atkins, J. The Ascension; a Poem, Lon., 1780. 
 Treatise on the Horizontal Sun and Moon, Lon., 1793. 
 
 Atkins, John. Sermon on Heb. xii. 1-10, Lon., 1624. 
 
 Atkins, John. A Meteorol. Journal for 1782. 
 
 Atkins, John. Relation of a Voyage to Guiana, 
 Brazil, and the W. Indies, Lon., 1737. 
 
 " This volume, which chiefly consists of the personal adventures 
 of the author, will, however, afford some insight into the manners 
 and habits of the people." LOWNDES. 
 
 Atkins, Robt. Six Sermons on the Sin and Danger 
 of Popery, 1712. A Farewell Sermon, 1715. 
 
 Atkins, Robt. A Comp. History of the Israelites, 
 Lon., 1810. 
 
 Atkins, Saml. Sermon on Ps. xxvii. 13, 1703. 
 
 Atkins, Wm. A Discourse on the Gout, Lon., 1694. 
 
 Atkinson and Clarke. Naval Pocket Gunner, 1814. 
 
 Atkinson. Med. Contrib. to Phil. Trans., 1722-25. 
 
 Atkinson, B. A. Sermons, pub. 1734-37. 
 
 Atkinson, Chris. Theolog. Treatises, Lon., 1653-54. 
 
 Atkinson, Chris. Address to the Public, 1783. 
 
 Atkinson, Geo. A Practical Treatise on Sheriff 
 Law, Lon., 1839. 
 
 " This book is said to be an unequal performance, some parts of 
 it being written very carefully, and others very carelessly. It has 
 the reputation, however, upon the whole, of being a useful and 
 convenient book." Marvin's Leg. Bibl. 
 
 Treatise on the Shipping Laws of the British Empire, 8vo. 
 
 Atkinson, Henry, Sermons, Doctrinal and P"racti- 
 cal, Lon., 1822. 
 
 Atkinson, Henry. 1786F-1831, a mathematician, 
 contributed to the Ladies' and Gentlemen's Diaries, the 
 Royal Astron. Society's Transactions, (vol. ii.,) and was 
 mathematical editor of the Newcastle Magazine. 
 
 Atkinson, Jas. Rodolphus; a Poet. Romance, 
 Edin., 1701. 
 
 Atkinson, Jas. The Necessity of Preaching the 
 Gospel in Gospel Language, Newc.-upon-Tyne, 1729. 
 
 Atkinson, Jas. Account of the State of Agricul 
 ture and Grazing in New South Wales, Lon., 1827. 
 
 Atkinson, Jas. Med. Bibliography, vol. i. royal Svo. 
 
 ''We have never encountered so singular and remarkable a 
 book. It unites the German research of a Plouquet with the rav 
 ings of Rabelais, the humour of Sterne with the satire of Demo- 
 critus, the learning of Burton with the wit of Pindar." Dr. 
 Johnson's Review. 
 
 " In Mr. Atkinson, I have found a gentleman, and a man of 
 varied talent, ardent and active, and of the most overflowing 
 goodness of heart. In his retirement from an honourable profes 
 sion, (Medicine and Surgery,) he knows not what the slightest 
 approximation to ennui is. The heartiest of all the octogenarians 
 I ever saw, he scorns a stretch, and abhors a gape. It is ' up and 
 be doing' with him from sunrise to sunset. His library is suffo 
 cated with Koburgers, Frobens, the Ascensii, and the Stephens." 
 Dibdin's Northern Tour. 
 
 Atkinson, Jasper. A Letter rel. to the Bullion 
 Coin, Lon., 1811. 
 
 " Mr. Atkinson seems adequately impressed with a sense of the 
 evils of war." Lon. MontJdy Review. 
 
 Atkinson, John. Tariff at Elsingoer, Glasg., 1770. 
 
 Atkinson, John. The Holy Scriptures the Word of 
 God. Two sermons, Heb. i. 1, 2, Lon., 1731. 
 
 Atkinson, John. Compendium of the Ornithology 
 of Great Britain, Lon., 1820. 
 
 " As a neat and commodious text-book, we would recommend 
 this unpretending, but respectable, volume to all who are desirous 
 of entering on the study of British Ornithology." Lon. Mrmthly 
 Review. 
 
 Atkinson, John Augustus, and Jas. Walker. 
 A Picturesque Representation of the Manners of the 
 Russians, Lon., 1803-05, or 1812, pub. at 15 15s., 3 vols. 
 imp. fol. Pic. Rep. Costumes of Great Britain, 1807, pub. 
 at 15 15s., 3 vols. folio. 
 
 Atkinson, M. The Necessity of National Reforma 
 tion; a Sermon on 2 Chron. xii. 7, 1779. 
 
 ATK 
 
 Atkinson, S. 1. Practical Points in Conveyancing, 
 from the MSS. of Butler, Preston, and Bradley, Lon., 
 1829. 2. Common Forms and Precedents in Conveyanc 
 ing, <fcc., Lon., 1829. 3. Acts relating to the Law of Real 
 Property passed in the 3 and 4 W. IV. <fcc., Lon., 1833. 
 4. Sir E. B. Sugden's Acts, Lon., 1830. 5. The Convey 
 ancer's Manual, Lon., 1830. 6. Essay on Marketable 
 Titles, &c., Lon., 1833. 7. The Theory and Practice of 
 Conveyancing, comprising the Law of Real Property, 2d 
 ed., 2 vols. Svo, Lon., 1841. 
 
 " This is an excellent work, evincing considerable industry and 
 learning in the author, and is written in a perspicuous and logical 
 style." 
 
 8. Practice of the Court of Chancery, Lon., 1842. 
 
 "This is a brief, convenient, and useful, practical work." 
 MARVIN. 
 
 " We must not deny Mr. Atkinson the credit of having brought 
 together much of the learning, and many useful observations, ap 
 plicable to the subject he has treated of." See No. 6. 
 
 Atkinson, Thos., d. 1639, of St. John's Coll., Oxf. 
 
 " I have seen of his compositions as Andrei Melvini Anti-Tami 
 cunicategoria, written in Sapphics, and Melvinus delirans, in 
 Iambics." WOOD. 
 
 " To which may be added that there is in the Harleian Library 
 of Manuscripts, in the British Museum, a Latin tragedy by this 
 author, entitled Homo, which is dedicated to Laud, then the Pre 
 sident of St. John's College, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury. 
 The MSS. is numbered 6925." Rose's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Atkinson, Thos. Poet, and other works, 1791-99. 
 
 Atkinson, Thomas VVitlam. 1. Gothic Ornaments 
 of English Cathedrals, Lon., imp. 4to. 2. Oriental and 
 Western Siberia, Lon., 1857, r. 8vo ; N. York, 1858, Svo. 
 Highly commended by the Lon. Athenaeum, 1857, 1477, 
 Lon. Examiner, and other authorities. 
 
 Atkinson, Wm. Poetical Essays, Lon., 1789. 
 
 Atkinson, Wm. Picturesque Views of Cottages, 180& 
 
 Atkyns, or Atkins, John, pub. An Account of a 
 Voyage in a Cruise against African Pirates, and his Tra 
 vels, Lon., 1735. 
 
 Atkyns, John Tracy. Reports of Cases argued 
 and determined in the High Court of Chancery in the 
 time of Lord Hardwicke, from 1737 to 1754. 3d ed., re 
 vised and corrected with notes and references by F. W. 
 Saunders. 
 
 " Lord Hardwicke's decisions at this day, and in our own courts, 
 do undoubtedly carry with them a more commanding weight of 
 authority than those of any other judge ; and the best editions 
 of the elder Vesey and Atkyns will continue to fix the attention 
 and study of succeeding ages." 
 
 For an extended examination of the imputed merits 
 and demerits of these reports, concerning which there has 
 been such a variety of opinion, see that useful work, 
 Marvin's Legal Bibliography. 
 
 Mr. Saunders, the editor of the 3d edition, remarks : 
 
 " The editor must take this opportunity, however, of observing 
 that he has frequently experienced his researches in the Register's 
 Books anticipated in the previous labours of Mr. Atkyns." 
 
 Atkyns, Richard, 1615 P-1677, of Baliol Coll., Oxf., 
 pub. a work on the Original and Growth of Printing in 
 England, collected out of History and the Records of this 
 Kingdom; wherein is also demonstrated, that printing 
 appertaineth to the prerogative royal, and is a flower of 
 the crown of England, Lon., 1664. 
 
 The object of this work was to give the right and title 
 qf printing to the Crown, and by that means to ascertain 
 the validity of the patents which had been granted by the 
 j Crown. Atkyns endeavours to rob Caxton of the credit 
 j of having introduced printing into England, which he 
 ascribes to Frederick Corsellis. Atkyns was an interested 
 disputant, being a patentee under the Crown for printing, 
 and at issue with the Stationers' Company on this point. 
 We have no space for a review of Atkyns's argument, 
 or rather assumption ; and we regret this the less as Dr. 
 Middleton and others have settled the question in favour 
 of Caxton. 
 
 " Atkyns, who, by his manner of writing, seems to have been 
 a bold and vain man, might possibly be the inventor : for he had 
 an interest in imposing upon the world.'' DR. MIDDLETON. 
 
 But charity forbids our entertaining this suspicion. 
 Wood gives him a good character : 
 
 " He was an ingenious and observing man, and saw the vanity 
 of this world sooner than others, though of elder vears which 
 fitted him the better for another." 
 
 He also pub. A Vindication, &c., to which is added his 
 Sighs and Ejaculations, 1669. 
 
 Atkyns, Sir Robt., 1621-1709, Lord Chief Baron of 
 the Exchequer temp. William III., was the son of Sir Ed 
 ward Atkyns, a baron of the Exchequer. For nearly 200 
 years there was always one of this family filling a judicial 
 station in the kingdom. He was sent to Baliol Coll. Oxf. ; 
 from thence removed to Lincoln's Inn, and "applied him 
 self very closely to the study of the law." He was knighted 
 
ATK 
 
 ATT 
 
 in 1661, and 1672 sworn a judge of the Court of Common ! 
 Pleas. In April, 1689, he was appointed by William III. j 
 Chief Baron of the Exchequer, and on the 19th Oct. in j 
 the same year was made speaker of the House of Lords, j 
 from which post he retired in 1692. Two years later he | 
 resigned his seat in the Exchequer, and spent the remain- j 
 ing fifteen years of his life in retirement, at his seat at 
 Sapperton, in Gloucestershire. His principal works were 
 An Inquiry into the Power of Dispensing with Penal j 
 Laws, Lon., 1689 ; The Power of Jurisdiction and Privi 
 lege of Parliament, and the Antiquity of the House of 
 Commons Assured, Lon., 1689; The True and Ancient 
 Jurisdiction of the House of Peers, Lon., 1699 j Enquiry 
 into the Jurisdiction of the Chancery, in Causes of Equity, 
 Lon., 1695. He pub. two pamphlets in defence of Lord 
 Eussel's innocency, 1689. When applied to for his advice 
 in the case of Lord William Kussel, he freely gave it, and 
 
 rnounced the following memorable declaration, for which j 
 is entitled to the thanks of all friends of constitutional 
 liberty: 
 
 " There is, nor ought to be, no such thing as constructive treason ; 
 it defeats the very scope and design of the statute of the 25th of 
 Edward III., which is to make a plain declaration what shall be 
 adjudged treason by the ordinary courts of justice." 
 
 Atkyus, Sir Robt., 1647-1711, son of the preceding, 
 is chiefly known by his work entitled The Antient and Pre 
 sent State of Glostershire, " a large folio volume, beauti 
 fully printed" in 1712, the year after Sir Robert's decease. 
 Dr. Parsons, a former chancellor of the diocese, had been 
 at great pains and trouble to collect the materials for a 
 history of the county, but was prevented by ill health i 
 from completing his design. Atkyns had the advantage 
 of his valuable collection. 
 
 " It was very expensive to the undertaker, who printed it in a 
 pompous manner, adorning it with variety of views and prospects 
 of the seats ef the gentry and nobility, with their arms." " It 
 were to be wished that more authorities had been given and the 
 charters and grants published in the original language." GOUGH. 
 The transcripts of all these were collected by Parsons. 
 On the night of Jan. 29-30, 1712-13, a fire took place at 
 Mr. Bowyer's printing office, and 
 
 " Among the articles which perished by this sudden and awful 
 visitation was by far the greater number of Sir Robert Atkyns' valu 
 able 'History of Gloucestershire;' a few copies only of it having 
 been snatched from the flames, of which they still retain indelible 
 marks." Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. i. 
 
 Mr. Herbert republished this work in 1768. Great part 
 of this second edition was also destroyed by fire. Dr. Du- 
 carel, in the preparation of his Repertory of Endowments 
 of Vicarages, drew for Gloucester principally from Atkyns 
 and the Worcester Register. 
 
 Atlay, Jos. Work on Distillery, Lon., 1794. 
 Atlee, Washington L., M.D., born Feb. 22d, 1808, 
 at Lancaster, Penn. ; a distinguished lecturer and medical 
 writer. Prof. Atlee has rendered great service to the cause 
 of medicine in the United States, having contributed up 
 wards of forty valuable papers to the principal Medical 
 Journals in the Union. He is also the author of thirteen 
 pamphlets, addresses, and lectures on Medicine, Chemistry, 
 Botany, &c. 
 
 Atmore, C. Chandler's Hist, of the Persecution, 1813. 
 Atterbury, English glee composer, the author of the 
 popular glee, " Come, let us all a Maying go," <fcc. 
 
 Atterbury, Francis, 1662-1732, Bishop of Roches 
 ter, was born at Milton Keynes, near Newport-Pagnell, 
 where his father, Dr. Lewis Atterbury, was rector. In 
 1676 he was admitted a King's scholar at Westminster, 
 under Dr. Busby ; in 1680 he was elected a student of 
 Christ Church, Oxford. His proficiency in the classics 
 soon brought him into considerable notice. In 1682 he 
 published a Latin version of Dryden's Absalom and Ahith- 
 ophel, and two years later edited some Latin poems by 
 Italian authors. In 1690 he married Miss Osborn, a lady 
 celebrated for her beauty said to be a niece of the Duke 
 of Leeds. He took a considerable part in the famous con 
 troversy respecting the authenticity of the Epistles of 
 Phalaris, in which battle Dr. Richard Bentley and the Hon. 
 Charles Boyle were the principal combatants. We know 
 from his own assertion that more than half of Boyle's 
 " Examination" was written by Atterbury : Dr. Smalridge 
 and others bearing a part in this unfortunate production. 
 (See BENTLEY, RICHARD; BOYLE, CHARLES.) 
 
 The Sermons of Atterbury attracted great attention 
 from the first, and soon gave rise to controversies which 
 we have merely time to refer to. Hoadley, Burnet, and 
 Wake, were no mean antagonists, but our champion seems 
 never to have been intimidated by numbers or awed by 
 the fear of names. See a list of works on both sides the 
 Convocation Controversy in the Biographia Britannica. 
 
 
 Our author, always willing to lend a hand in a contest, 
 composed for Dr. Sacheverell a great portion of the speech 
 delivered by him at his trial. In 1713 Atterbury was 
 raised to the see of Rochester, with the deanery of West 
 minster in commendam. It has been thought that the pri 
 macy would not have been above his reach, had not the 
 Queen's death, in 1714, interposed an effectual bar to all 
 his prospects of advancement. The present prosperity, 
 and hopes for the future, of Atterbury, and the political 
 party to which he was attached, were buried with Queen 
 Anne. There had been some talk among the ministers of 
 proclaiming the Pretender upon the death of the Queen, 
 and Atterbury is said (upon doubtful authority) to have 
 offered to proclaim the Pretender in his lawn sleeves at 
 Charing Cross, and to have declared while Bolingbroke 
 and Ormond were protesting "Never was better cause 
 lost for want of spirit." George I. naturally regarded At 
 terbury with distrust, and in 1722 there was thought suf 
 ficient grounds to authorize his arrest and committal to 
 the Tower on a charge of high treason. How far this 
 charge was justifiable by the facts will perhaps always 
 remain a matter of uncertainty. On the 16th of May, 1722, 
 he was condemned to the " deprivation of all his offices 
 and benefices, and to suffer perpetual exile." His defence 
 excited great admiration for the boldness and eloquence 
 by which it was distinguished. On going ashore at Ca 
 lais, he was informed that Lord Bolingbroke who, after 
 the rising of parliament, had received the king's pardon 
 was arrived at the same place on his return to England, 
 whereupon he is reputed to have observed, with an air of 
 pleasantry, " Then I am exchanged." Abroad he was ac 
 tive in behalf of the Pretender, which gives good grounds 
 for the belief that he was not hardly dealt with in the 
 sentence of exile. Atterbury died at Paris, Feb. 15th, 
 1731-2, in the 70th year of his age. His favourite daugh 
 ter, Mrs. Morice, visited him in Paris, 1729, she being then 
 in a decline, and only survived the voyage twenty-four 
 hours. Pope (who was warmly attached to the bishop) 
 has recorded this affecting incident in the following lines : 
 SHE : " Yes, we have lived, one pang and then we part ! 
 May Heaven, dear father, now have all thy heart 1 
 Yet, ah ! how much we loved, remember still, 
 Till you are dust like me." 
 HE: "Dear shade, I will! 
 
 Then mix this dust with thine, spotless ghost 1 
 Oh more than fortune, friends, or country lost! 
 Is there on earth one care, one wish beside ? 
 Yes! Save my country, Heav'n! he said, and died!" 
 Atterbury's writings were almost entirely of a contro 
 versial character. His publications commence with the 
 Absalomand Ahithophel, trans, into Latin verse 1682, and 
 conclude with a belligerent title, in The Voice of the people 
 no voice of God, 1710. The Memoirs of his Life and 
 Conduct, were pub. in 1723. Four volumes of his Sermons 
 in 1740. His Epistolary Correspondence, <fcc., by J. Nichols, 
 8vo. 4 vols., in 1783. Private Correspondence in 1768. 
 Miscellaneous Works with Historical Notes, by J. Nichols, 
 5 vols. Three vols. containing Sermons, Discourses, and 
 Letters, have been since republished, 1789-98. 
 
 With Pope, Swift, and many of the principal literary 
 characters of his day, he was on terms of friendship, and 
 was held in great esteem by his associates, as a man of 
 great abilities and a skilful politician. We need hardly 
 say that we cannot consider him as a fitting representative 
 of primitive episcopacy. There have been many brighter 
 illustrations of the true character of a Christian bishop 
 than our bold, declamatory, and mettlesome prelate. Pope 
 thus alludes to his friend when transferred, from the wonted 
 comforts and luxuries of his own halls, to the hospitalities 
 of the house of bondage : 
 
 " How pleasing Atterbury's softer hour! 
 How shined his soul unconquered in the Tower!" 
 
 Epilogue tn the Sat. Dialogue. 
 
 Swift, in an imaginary dialogue between himself and 
 Stella, speaks of a dean to be discovered by Stella's inge 
 nuity : 
 
 " A little black man of pretty near fifty." " The same." " A 
 good pleasant man." "Aye, the same." "Cunning enough." 
 " Yes." " One that understands his own interest." " As well as 
 any body." " A very good face, and abundance of wit. ... I 
 mean Dr. Atterbury, Dean of Carlisle." See JRose's Biog. Did.; 
 Cunningham's Biog. History of England. 
 
 " His person, it is to be confessed, is no small recommendation, 
 but he is to be highly commended for not losing that advantage. 
 and adding propriety of speech which might pass the criticism of 
 Longinus an action which would have been approved by Demos 
 thenes. He never attempts your passions till he has convinced 
 your reason." A writer in the Tutler. 
 
 
 Smalridge styles him 
 " Vir in nullo literarur 
 
 im genere hospes, in plerisque artibus e 
 
 studiis duo et feliciter exercitatus, in maxime perfectis literarum 
 disciplines perfectissimus." 
 
ATT 
 
 Atterbury was, on the whole, rather a man of ability than a 
 jrenius. He writes more with elegance and correctness, than with 
 force of thinking or reasoning. His letters to Pope are too much 
 crowded with very trite quotations from the classics." WARTON. 
 
 Dr. Warburton had a mean opinion of his critical abili 
 ties, and of his Discourse on the lapis of Virgil. 
 
 "A very learned correspondence took place between Bishops 
 Potter and Atterbury respecting the times in which the Four Gos 
 pels were written; which is preserved in the Epistolary Corres 
 pondence of Atterbury." Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. 
 
 " His controversial writings are brilliant, but shallow ; his criti 
 cisms evince more taste and fancy than erudition ; and his trans 
 lations from Horace, have, as it is now generally admitted, obtained 
 greater praise than they merit. His sermons, however, it must be 
 confessed, are clear, forcible, and, though never sublime, occasion 
 ally eloquent and pathetic ; and his letters, on which his fame as 
 a writer, must principally depend, are superior even to those of 
 p ope ." Georgian Era. 
 
 " Atterbury was nothing more nor less than a Jacobite priest : 
 his writings were extolled by that faction ; but his letter on Cla 
 rendon's History is truly excellent." HORACE WALPOLE. 
 
 " Sir John Pringle had expressed a wish that I would ask Dr. 
 Johnson's opinion what were the best English sermons for style. 
 I took an opportunity to-day of mentioning several to him. ' At 
 terbury ?' JOHNSON : ' Yes, sir, one of the best.' " BoswcWs Johnson. 
 With reference to the mention of Atterbury 's letters, read 
 his very affecting epistle to Pope, when the bishop was 
 about embarking for a foreign shore ; an exile, in adver 
 sity and disgrace ! His influence over Pope must have 
 been great, as the following instances prove : 
 
 " I had flung all my learning into the Deucalion in my Epic 
 Poem, as indeed Milton has done too much in his Paradise Lost. 
 The Bishop of Rochester advised me to burn it: I saw his advice 
 was well grounded, and followed it, though not without some re 
 gret. Again : I wrote four books towards it, [Alcander, Prince of 
 Rhodes,] of about a thousand verses each ; and had the copy by me 
 till I burnt it, by the advice of the Bishop of Rochester, a little 
 before he went abroad." See Spencers Anecdotes. 
 
 " He is the glory of our English orators. In his writings we see 
 language in its strictest purity and beauty. There is nothing 
 dark, nothing redundant, nothing obscure, nothing misplaced." 
 DR. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 Bickersteth commends The Rights and Powers and Pri 
 vileges of an English Convocation, as " written with vigour 
 and perspicuity," but considers Archbishop Wake's answer 
 as " a full reply :" of his sermons he remarks, " A low tone 
 of divinity, in a polished style of writing." 
 
 "He was a polite writer. His Sermons probably owed most 
 of their fame, among his contemporaries, who have lavishly ap 
 plauded him, to his mode of delivery in the pulpit, for the Tatler 
 says it was such as would have been approved by Longinus and 
 Demosthenes." DR. KNOX. 
 
 " In Sherlock and Atterbury are apparent the highest powers of 
 the mind, and the most unaffected eloquence." Quarterly Revieiv. 
 " Atterbury excels in purity of language, delicacy of thought, 
 and graceful allusions." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 Atterbury, Lewis, 1631-1693, father of the preced 
 ing, was entered at Christ Church, Oxf., in 1647. 
 
 ' He submitted to the Authority of the visitors appointed by the 
 Parliament." WOOD. 
 
 He pub. three Sermons, viz : 1. A Good Subject, on Prov. 
 xxiv. 21, 22, Lon., 1684. 2. The Ground of Christian 
 Feasts, Lon., 1685. 3. Babylon's Downfall, Lon:, 1691. 
 
 Atterbury, Lewis, 1656-1731, eldest son of the pre 
 ceding, was entered at Christ Church, Oxf., in 1674. He 
 pub. several sermons, 1687-1705; two treatises on the 
 Popish controversy, and translated from the French, Ma 
 dame La Valliere's Penitent Lady, 1684, and the Re-union 
 of Christians, 1708. Mr. Yardley pub. his Select Sermons 
 in 1743. 
 
 " He was happy in a plain and intelligible way of expressing 
 himself, and therefore was the less careful of turning and smooth 
 ing his periods." YARDLEY. 
 
 Attersol, Wm. Commentary upon Philemon, Lon., 
 1612. The New Covenant, 1614. Commentary upon 
 Numbers, 1618. 
 
 "A very full exposition; practical and evangelical." BICKER- 
 STETFI. 
 
 Three Treatises, upon Luke xiii. 1; xii. 1, and upon 
 Jonah iii. 4. 
 
 ^Atton. On Beautifying a Church; Serm. Mark iv. 9, 
 1767. 
 
 Atwell, George, of Cambridge, author of a Defense 
 of Astrology, Lon., 1660. The Faithful Surveyor, Camb., 
 1662. Mr. Atwell is spoken of with respect by his illus 
 trious contemporary, Sir Isaac Newton. 
 
 Atwell, Jos., d. 1768, "eminent for his learning and 
 
 piety," was a contributor to Phil. Trans., 1732-36. 
 
 Atwood, G. Serm. Death Prince of Wales, 1751. 
 
 Atwood, G. Review of Stat. and Ord. of Assize, 1801. 
 
 Atwood, Geo., 1745-1807, a mathematician of note, 
 
 and financial private secretary to Wm. Pitt, completed his 
 
 studies in Trinity Coll., Camb., where he was afterwards a 
 
 Fellow and a tutor. He was an excellent lecturer, and 
 
 Mr. Pitt was one of his most attentive auditors. In 1784 
 
 ae pub. his Treatise upon the Rectilinear Motion and Ro- 
 
 AUB 
 
 ,ation of Bodies, which was very favourably received. 
 He pub. An Analysis of a course of Lectures on the Prin 
 ciples of Natural Philosophy, in the same year. Disserta 
 tion on Arches, 1801-5. He was a contributor to the Phil. 
 Trans., 1781-98. 
 
 " The latter years of his life were spent in much suffering, from 
 the infirmities brought on by intense application by that worst 
 of all complaints, the literary malady. His powers of application 
 were very great, and his accuracy as a calculator never surpassed." 
 Rose's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Atwood, Thos. History of Dominica, Lon. 1791. 
 Observations relative to Negro Slaves in the Brit. W. I. 
 Islands, Lon., 1790. Observations on Currency, Popula 
 tion, and Pauperism, in two letters to A. Young, Esq., 1818. 
 Atwood, Thos., 1765-1838, an Eng. Mus. Composer 
 of note. 
 
 Atwood, Wm., published a number of Historical and 
 Antiquarian Treatises, Lon., 1680-1705. The best known 
 of his works is The Superiority and Direct Dominion of 
 the Crown of England over the Crown and Kingdom of 
 Scotland, asserted against Sir Thomas Craig, in which he 
 endeavoured to prove that the Kings of Scotland had done 
 homage and paid fealty for their kingdom to the Kings of 
 England as lords paramount; so distasteful was this doc 
 trine to the parliament of Scotland, that they ordered the 
 offensive production in which it was contained to be burned 
 by the common hangman, whilst Dr. Anderson, for his an 
 swer to this alleged libel, under the title of An Historical 
 Essay, showing that the Crown and Kingdom of Scotland 
 is Imperial and Independent, received a vote of thanks from 
 the same august body. See ANDERSON, JAMES. Atwood 
 was Chief-Justice of New York, but fled in 1702. 
 
 Auale, Lemeke. A Commemoration or Dirge of 
 Bastarde Edmonde Boner, alias Sauage, vsurped Bisshoppe 
 of London. Compiled by Lemeke Auale, 1569. 
 
 " A most virulent piece of personal invective, written in the 
 Skeltonic measure, in which the descent of Bonner is pretended 
 to be traced from a juggler, a cut-purse, and a Tom o'Bedlam." 
 Bindley's sale, 3 15s. 
 
 Auber, Peter, Secretary to the East India Co. 
 Analysis of the Constitution of the East India Company, 
 and of the laws passed by Parliament for the government 
 of their affairs at home and abroad, Lon., 1826. 
 " A valuable and useful publication." 
 Rise and Progress of the Brit. Power in India, 1837. 
 " A valuable work, in the preparation of which the author en 
 joyed access, from his position, to official materials of the most 
 important character." 
 
 Aubert, Alex.V., 1729-1805, President of th'e Society 
 of Antiquaries, contributed to Phil. Trans. 1769, 76, 83, 84. 
 An bin, P. Life and Adven.of the Lady Lucy,Lon.,1726. 
 Aubrey, John, 1627-1697, an eminent antiquary and 
 naturalist, was entered a gentleman-commoner of Trinity 
 Coll., Oxf., in 1642. His k; Miscellanies" is a very curious 
 collection of remarks upon a variety of supernatural sub 
 jects, such as Transportation in the Air, Day Fatality, 
 Local Fatality, Blows Invisible, Knockings, Impulses, 
 Converse with Angels and Spirits, &c. ; pub. in 1696, and 
 often reprinted. He left a number of works in MS. His 
 Perambulation of the County of Surrey, with additions 
 of Dr. Rawlinson, 5 vols., was pub. 1719-25. In 1813, 
 appeared Letters written by eminent Persons in 17th and 
 18th Centuries, with Lives of Eminent Men, by John 
 Aubrey, 3 vols. Aubrey's Collection for Wilts was pub 
 lished in 1821. Anthony Wood, who has drawn consider 
 ably in his Athen. Oxon. from Aubrey's biographical MSS., 
 speaks highly of him in the second volume of his Fasti, 
 and in his History of the University of Oxford; but after 
 his quarrel with him, he gives him the character of 
 
 " A shiftless person, roving and magotie-headed, and sometimes 
 little better than erased. And being exceedingly credulous, would 
 stuff his many letters sent to A. W. with fooleries and misinforma 
 tions, which sometimes would guide him into the paths of error." 
 Mr. Toland remarks of our author 
 " Though he was extremely superstitious, or seemed to be so, 
 yet he was a very honest man, and most accurate in his account 
 of matters of feet. But the facts he knew, not the reflections he 
 made, were what I wanted." 
 
 " Whatever Wood, in a peevish humour, may have thought or 
 said of Mr. Aubrey, by whose labours he highly profited, or how 
 ever fantastical Aubrey may have been on the subject of chemistry 
 or ghosts, his character for veracity has never been impeached; 
 and as a very diligent antiquary, his testimony is worthy of at 
 tention." M ALONE. 
 
 It is worthy of observation that Wood's account of 
 Milton was literally transcribed from Aubrey's MS., who 
 was intimately acquainted with the great poet. Gifford 
 despatches Aubrey in his usual Jeffrey style : 
 
 "Whoever expects a rational account of any fact, however 
 trite, from Aubrey, will meet with disappointment. . . . Aubrey 
 thought little, believed much, and confused every thing." Life 
 of Ben. Jonson. 
 
 But Mr. Gifford is not infallible. Sir Richard Colt 
 
 81 
 
AWS 
 
 AYS 
 
 gory Scott's Brief Treatise against certayne Errors, 1574." 
 Rose's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Awsiter, John, M.D. Prof. Works, Lon., 1763-69. 
 
 Axferd, John. Coins, Weights, and Measures of ; 
 the Bible. 
 
 Ayckbourn, Hubert. The New Chancery Practice; | 
 a condensed Treatise of the Practice of the Court of Chan- j 
 eery, as altered by the recent statutes and orders; 
 2ded. 
 
 In connexion with T. Ayckbourn, Chancery Practice; 
 5th ed., 1855, 12mo. Forms of Proceedings in Chancery, 
 12mo; 5th ed., 1855. 
 
 Ayerigg, Benj. Wedding Sermon, 1 Cor. vii. 20, 1715. 
 
 Ayers, Ph. The Fortunate Fool. 
 
 Ayerst, Win. The Duty and Motives of Praying for 
 Peace. Ps. cxxii. 6-9, 1712. 
 
 Aylesbury, Thomas. Sermons, pub. 1622-59. 
 
 Aylesbury, Wm. Trans, into English, Davila's His 
 tory of the Civil Wars of France. 
 
 " The king [Charles I.] was pleased to command him to translate ' 
 Davila's History, (he being a perfect master of the Italian Ian- j 
 guage,) which he did with the assistance of his constant friend, Sir i 
 Charles Cotterel." 
 
 Aylett, Geo. Surgical Works, Lon., 1744-59. 
 
 Aylett, Robt, LL.D., a Master in Chancery. Peace 
 with her four Garders ; (including Susanna, <fec.,) Lon., 
 1622. A Wife not ready made, but bespoken, 1653. A 
 poetical Pleading for and against Marriage. Divine and 
 moral Speculations, 1654. Devotions ; viz. : 1. A good Wo 
 man's Prayer. 2. The humble Man's Prayer, 1 655. See '': 
 Censura Literaria; Restituta; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. Dr. 
 Aylett gives the following as his own epitaph. 
 " Haec suprema dies, sit mini prima quies." 
 " Lord! let this last be my first day of rest." Restituta. 
 
 Wood states that it was the common report that Robt. 
 Aylett was the author of Britannia Antiqua Illustrata, 
 published under the name of his nephew. Aylett Sammes. 
 When speaking of this unlucky gentlemen, old Anthony 
 " remembers his swashing blow," and disposes of him in 
 the following trenchant style : 
 
 " The common report then was, that not he, but his quondam 
 Uncle, was the author ; and to confirm it, was his great ignorance 
 in Matters and Books of Antiquity. I was several times in his 
 company when he spent some weeks this Year in Oxon., and found j 
 him to be an impertinent, girning, [grinning,] and pedantical cox 
 comb ; and so ignorant of Authors, that he never heard, before I : 
 mentioned it to him, of the great Antiquary, John Leland, or of his ] 
 printed or manuscript Works, nor any thing of Baleus; nor could 
 he give any account of Authors that are quoted in the said Brit- 
 tannia Antiqua Illustrata, Ac." 
 
 Ayleway, or Ayleworth, Wm. Epithalamia in 
 Nuptias Caroli II., Lon., 1652. Sermon, 1662. Metaphy- 
 sica Scholastica, <fec., Colon., 1675. 
 
 Ayliffe, John, LL.D., a Fellow of New College in 
 Oxford, pub. The Ancient and Present State of the Uni 
 versity of Oxford, (Lon., 1714,) compiled chiefly from 
 Wood's History of Oxford. The work gave so much offence 
 from alleged aspersions and misrepresentations, that an 
 order was decreed consigning it to the hands of the hang 
 man to be burnt, and Ayliffe was degraded, and expelled 
 the University. In 1716 he pub. an account of this matter 
 in this " Case." He also gave to the world, 1. Parergon 
 Juris Canonici Anglican!, 1726; 2. The Law of Pawns, 
 Lon., 1732; A New Pandect of the Roman Civil Law, 1734. 
 
 "Ayliffe's work, though learned, is dull and tedious, and stuffed 
 with superfluous matter, delivered in a most confused manner." 
 Preface to Browns Civ. Law. 
 
 Aylmer,G. J. Introduc. to Prac.Arithmetic,Lon.,1812. 
 
 Aylmer, or /Elmer, John, 1521-1594, an eminent 
 English prelate, was at one time chaplain to the Marquis 
 of Dorset, afterwards Duke of Suffolk, and tutor to his 
 daughter, Lady Jane Grey. See ASCHAM, ROGER. In 
 the convocation held in the first year of Queen Mary, he 
 was one of the six learned men who offered to dispute all 
 the controverted points in religion against the most learned 
 champions of the Papists. Obliged to leave his country, 
 he found a quiet retreat at Zurich. Whilst abroad, he 
 answered a treatise pub. by John Knox, at Geneva, in 
 1558, against the government of women. The title of this 
 answer is sufficiently curious to be extracted : 
 
 " An Harborowe for faithfull and trewe subiectes, against the 
 late blowne Blaste concerning the Gouerinet of Wemen ; wherein 
 be confuted al such reasons as a straunger of late made in that be- 
 halfe. With a Brief Exhortation to Obedience. Strasb., 1559, 4to." 
 
 Upon the accession of Elizabeth, he returned, and in 
 1562 was made Archdeacon of Lincoln, and in 1576 was 
 promoted to the bishopric of London, upon the translation 
 of Bishop Sandys to York. 
 
 " He was well learned in the languages, was a ready disputant, 
 and a deep divine." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Wood tells us of an instance of his tact in exciting the 
 
 attention of an inattentive auditory, which device, or 
 something equally efficacious, we commend to some preach 
 ers of our own day. 
 
 " When his Auditory grew dull and inattentive he would, with 
 some pretty and unexpected conceit, move them to attention. 
 Among the rest was this : He read a long Text in Hebrew, where 
 upon all seemed to listen what would come after such strange 
 Words, as if they had taken it for some conjuration : then he 
 shewed their folly, that when he spake English, whereby they 
 might be instructed and edified, they neglected, and hearkened 
 not to it ; and now to read Hebrew, which they understood no 
 word of, they seem'd careful and attentive." 
 
 Aylmer, John. Musas Sacra: seu Jonas, Jeremiae, 
 Threni, et Daniae, Graeco redditne, carmine, Oxon., 1652. 
 
 Aylmer, Justin. Assize Sermon : 1 Pet. ii. 7, 1704. 
 
 Aylmer, Wm., a convert from Popery. A Recanta 
 tion Sermon, on 2 Pet. ii. 1, against the errors of Popery, 
 particularly Transubstantiation, &c., Oxon., 1713. 
 
 Aylotfe, Sir Joseph, 1709-1781, a distinguished anti 
 quary, was entered at St. John's College, Oxf. in 1724. He 
 completed a Calendar of the Ancient Charters, and of the 
 Scotch and Welsh Rolls in the Tower of London, (pub. 
 Lon., 1780,) commenced by the Rev. Philip Morant. He 
 contributed some papers to the Archeologia, (see vol. iii., 
 pp. 185, 239, 376,) and aided in editing second editions of 
 Hearne's Leland's Collecteana, his Liber Niger, and his 
 Curious Discourses. Mr. Thorp had the benefit of his ser 
 vices in the publication of the Registrum Roffense, in 
 1769. He also contributed to the publication of the So 
 ciety of Antiquaries, and to the Vetusta Monumenta. Mr. 
 Gough, referring to his own Sepulchral Monuments of 
 Great Britain, thus deplores the loss of our author, to 
 whom he applies a title which few men better deserved 
 than Mr. Gough himself: 
 
 " The Society of Antiquaries have published engravings of Five 
 Monuments in Westminster Abbey, with an accurate description 
 by the Montfaucon of England, the late Sir Joseph Ayloffe. When 
 I reflect on his intimate acquaintance with every part of that 
 valuable structure, and the opportunities he had for pursuing 
 his inquiries there, I am at a loss whether to lament his reluctance 
 to continue what he had so happily begun, or my own presumption 
 in attempting to supply his knowledge by vain conjectures. He 
 closed a life devoted to the study of our National Antiquities be 
 fore three sheets of this work had passed the press ; and it can 
 only pay a tribute to his abilities." Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. 
 
 " His extensive knowledge of our national antiquities and mu 
 nicipal rights, and the agreeable manner in which he communi 
 cated it to his friends and the public, made him sincerely regretted 
 by all who had the pleasure of his acquaintance." 
 
 Ayme, Isaac. Trichiasisadmodumrara,&c.,Lon.,1684. 
 
 Aymes, John. A Rich Storehouse for the Diseased, 
 Lon., 1670. 
 
 Ayray, Jas. A Sermon at the Spanish Ambassador's 
 Chapel, on John i. 19, 1689. 
 
 Ayre, John. The Mystery of Godliness, Lon., 1837. 
 
 Ayre, Joseph. Christian Philanthropist's Pilgrim 
 age ; a Poem, Lon., 12mo. Nature and Origin of Dropsies, 
 8vo. Disorders of the Liver, 8vo. Treatment of Cholera 
 by Calomel, 8vo. Dropsy in the Brain, 8vo. 
 
 Ayre, Wm. Memories of Alex. Pope, Lon., 1745; 
 Four Ethic Epistles opposing some of Mr. Pope's Opinions 
 of Man., 1752. 
 
 Ayres, J. A. Legends of Montauk, 12mo, N. Y. 
 
 Ayres, John. Works upon Arithmetic and Writing, 
 1693-1700. The most celebrated penman of his day. 
 
 Ayres, P. Emblems of Love, 1687; Poems, 1687; 
 Fables, Lon., 1689. 
 
 Ayres, W. T. Notes on Blackstone's Com., Dub., 1780. 
 Severely criticized in the Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Ayrton, John. Pharmacologia, or the History of 
 Medical Substances, 1818. 
 
 Ayrton, S. Practice in Bankruptcy, Lon., 1840. 
 
 Ayrton, Edmund, d. 1808, an Eng. musical composer. 
 
 Ayscough, Francis. Sermons pub. 1736-55. 
 
 Ayscough, Geo. Edward, edited the Works of 
 George, Lord Lyttleton, 1744; pub. Semiramis, a Tra 
 gedy, 1777 ; Letters from an Officer, 1778. 
 
 Ayscough, Philip. Sermon, Rom. i. 19, 1729, etc. 
 
 Ayscough, Saiul., 1745-1804, a clergyman, for about 
 twenty years assistant librarian in the British Museum. 
 In 1783 Mr. Ayscough pub. Remarks on the Letters of an 
 American Farmer, or a Detection of the Errors of Mr. J. 
 Hector St. John, <fcc. Charles Lamb refers to the work 
 reviewed in a letter in 1805 : 
 
 " Oh ! tell Hazlitt not to forget to send me the American Farmer. 
 I dare say it is not so good a book as he fancies ; but a book's a book. 
 
 Catalogue of the MSS. Preserved in the British Museum, 
 hitherto undescribed, consisting of 5000 volumes, Ac., 
 Lon., 1782. 
 
 " This elaborate catalogue is upon a new plan, for the excellence 
 of which an appeal may safely be made to every visitor of tbe 
 Museum since the date of its publication." CIIALMEKS. 
 
AYS 
 
 Mr. Ayscough, Dr. Maty, and Mr. Harper each contri 
 buted a third of the labour in the preparation of Cata 
 logues Libroruin Irnpressorum, qui in Museo Britannico 
 ad servantur, 2 vols. folio, 1787. 
 
 In 1790, Mr. Stockdale pub. a new edition of the works 
 of Shakspeare, with a " Copious Index to the remarkable 
 Passages and Words," by Mr. Ayscough. The first octavo 
 edition of the great bard in one volume was put forth by 
 Mr. Stockdale in 1784. Some objected to the bulk of the 
 volume, and in the above edition a second title-page was 
 printed for the convenience of those who chose to bind 
 the work in two volumes. 
 
 " But the most valuable circumstance attending this edition is 
 the extensive index to Shakspeare, which occupies nearly 700 
 payees. . . . Indices, useful in general, are still more so in the case 
 of such authors as Shakespeare, whose language has in many 
 places become obsolete and obscure from time. . . . An index, 
 like the present, will often be found to throw more light on a dif 
 ficult passage of our celebrated bard, than all his commentators 
 put together." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 We need hardly say that Mr. Ayscough's index, and all 
 other works of a similar character, have been entirely su 
 perseded by the invaluable Concordance to Shakspeare of 
 Mrs. Mary Cowden Clarke. (See her name.) Mr. Ays- 
 cough also compiled indexes for the Monthly Review, 
 The British Critic, the first 56 yearly volumes of the Gen 
 tleman's Magazine, <fec. 
 
 " His labours in literature were of the most useful- cast, and 
 manifested a patience and assiduity seldom to be met with ; and 
 his laborious exertions in the vast and invaluable library of the 
 British Museum, form a striking instance of his zeal and indefati 
 gable attention, lie soon acquired that slight degree of knowledge 
 in several languages, and that technical knowledge of old books 
 and of their authors, and particularly that skill in decyphering dif 
 ficult writing, which amply answered the most useful purposes of 
 the librarian as well as the visiting scholar." CHALMERS. 
 
 Mr. Ayscough died at his apartments in the British Mu 
 seum, Oct. 30, 1804. We avail ourselves of this oppor 
 tunity to recommend most earnestly to all authors and 
 publishers the adoption, in all cases where books are of 
 any permanent value, of a copious index. Which of our 
 readers of a literary turn has not, perhaps a dozen times 
 in a day, replaced a book on its shelf, in disappointment and 
 disgust, knowing that some passage was there to which he 
 wished to refer, but which, after an exhaustion of time and 
 patience, he was unable to find from the want of a good 
 index ? It is well remarked by the Lon. Monthly Review : 
 
 " The compilation of an index is one of those useful labours for 
 which the public, commonly better pleased with entertainment 
 than with real service, are rarely so forward to express their grati 
 tude as we think they ought to be. It has been considered as a 
 task fit only for the plodding and the dull : but with more truth, 
 it may be said that this is the judgment of the idle and the shal 
 low. The value of any thing, it has been observed, is best known 
 by the want of it. Agreeably to this idea, we, who have often ex 
 perienced great inconveniences from the want of indices, entertain 
 the highest sense of their worth and importance. We know that, 
 in the construction of a good index, there is far more scope for the 
 exercise of judgment and abilities, than is commonly supposed. 
 We feel the merits of the compiler of such an index, and we are 
 ever ready to testify our thankfulness for his exertions." 
 
 Authors and editors are often deterred from making an 
 index by the fear of labour : but this is no excuse ; if the 
 book be worth publishing, it is worth an index, and the 
 labour can be much reduced by system. 
 ^ " A youth of 18 has transcribed the whole of Xenophon's Cyri 
 Expeditio, in order to an Index; and has entered upon Thucy- 
 dides for the same purpose. Another young man here has attacked 
 Ilarduin's folio edition of Themistius; and the senior youths of 
 Magdalen School in Oxford are jointly composing an Index to the 
 first volume of Dr. Battie's Isocrates. ... Give me leave to ob 
 serve to you that, experience has shown us a way of saving much 
 time (perhaps more than half of the whole time required) in trans 
 cribing an Author for an Index, by first transcribing all the words 
 of a page, and then getting down the number of the page and line 
 after each word of the page, instead of adding the number imme 
 diately as each word is written." (The learned Mr. Merrick in a 
 letter to Dr. M harton.) Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. iv. 
 
 The following remarks abundantly support our position : 
 
 " Those authors, whose subjects require them to be voluminous, 
 will do well, if they would be remembered as long as possible, not 
 to omit a duty which authors in general, but especially modern 
 authors, are too apt to neglect^that of appending to their works 
 a good index. For their deplorable deficiencies in this respect 
 Professor De Morgan, speaking of historians, assigns the curious 
 reason, ' that they think to oblige their readers to go through them 
 from beginning to end, by making this the only way of coming at 
 the contents of their volumes. They are much mistaken ; and 
 they might learn from their own mode of dealing with the writ- 
 1 K ! others, how their own will be used in turn.' We think 
 that the unwise indolence of authors has probably had much more 
 v ? * W the matter than th reason thus humorously assigned ; 
 te fact which he proceeds to mention 'is incontestably true. 
 
 AO WRITER (Of this Class) IS SO MUCH READ AS THE ONE WHO MAKES 
 A GOOD INDEX, OR 80 MUCH CITED.' "HENRY ROGERS : The VanitV 
 
 and Glory of Literature. 
 
 Among modern works which might be mentioned as 
 presenting copious indexes are Ball's edition of Robert- 
 
 AYS 
 
 son's Works, Lon., 1840 j Westley and Davis's edition of 
 Gibbon's Decline and Fall, Lon., 1837 j some of the publi 
 cations of that enterprising bibliopole, H. G. Bohn, and 
 many other works that might be cited. But of all full in 
 dexes within our knowledge, commend us to that appended 
 to Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, where to eight volumes 
 of text we have more than fourteen hundred columns 
 of index! This scale is, of course, too vast for general 
 imitation, but it teaches a lesson to those who content 
 themselves with giving a few lines of index to a vast body 
 of text! But the greatest example of zeal in this line on 
 record the first index-maker in the world is the British 
 House of Commons ! In 1778 there were paid for compil-' 
 ing indexes to the Journals of the House of Commons, the 
 following sums : To Mr. Edward Moore, 6,400 as a final 
 compensation for thirteen years' labour j Rev. Mr. Forster, 
 3,000 for nine years' ditto ; Rev. Dr. Roger Flaxman, 
 3,000 for nine years' ditto ; and to Mr. Cunningham, 500 
 in part for ditto j making a total of 12,900 ! Nor is this 
 the end thereof. For we may say with Nestor in another 
 
 " In such indexes, although small 
 To their subsequent volumes, there is seen 
 The baby figure of the giant mass 
 Of things to come, at large." Trottus and Cressida. 
 
 To quote the same author, give us a good " index," and 
 we will almost excuse an " obscure prologue." Of course, 
 like all good things, indexes may be abused ; the pretender 
 will make them the end of his journey, whilst to the true 
 student they will be merely the sign-posts of the road; 
 such charlatans they were, who two centuries since excited 
 the ire of Joseph Glanville, and caused him to exclaim : 
 
 " Methinks 'tis a pitiful piece of knowledge, that can be learnt 
 from an index ; and a poor ambition to be rich in the inventory of 
 another's treasure." The Vanity of Dogmatizing. 
 
 Pope, too, tells us 
 
 " How index-learning turns no student pale, 
 Yet holds the eel of science by the tail." Dunciad, B. 2. 
 
 But we doubt if much harm was ever done in this way. 
 The very ambition thus censured may lead to real acqui 
 sition, and often has. Watts appreciated a good index so 
 highly, that he tells his reader, 
 
 " If a book has no index or good table of contents, 'tis very use 
 ful to make one as you are reading it." 
 
 We may conclude this rather prolix (we hope it may 
 prove to be a useful) article, by citing the authority of a 
 man of letters, who was never excelled for a practical com 
 mon-sense view of subjects which engaged his attention. 
 
 Dr. Johnson to Richardson respecting a new edition of 
 Clarissa : 
 
 " I wish you would add an index rerum, that when the reader 
 recollects any incident, he may easily find it, which at present he 
 cannot do, unless he knows in which volume it is told ; for Clarissa 
 is not a performance to be read with eagerness, and laid aside for 
 ever; but will be occasionally consulted by the busy, the aged, 
 and the studious; and therefore I beg that this edition, by which 
 I suppose posterity is to abide, may want nothing that can facili 
 tate its use. I am, sir, yours, &c., SAM. JOHNSON." 
 
 It was excellently said by the learned Michael Mattaire 
 a Corypheus of index-makers himself: 
 
 " Non est acutisshni, fateor, ingenii, non altissimae eruditionis, 
 Indices contexere. Majorern tamen nil molestiam editori, nil lec 
 tori utilitatem affert; curnque rei cujuslibit necessitas ex ipsius 
 utilitate oriatur, et in eadem consistat ; quidni affirmem nihil fere 
 esse magis necessarium ? Non itaque sum sollicitus, quantillo esse 
 ingenio, quam parum eruditione videar valere, dum literatorum 
 commodis quomodocunque inserviam. In construendis aedibus, 
 operarius bajalusque, non minus architecto prodest." Mattaire's 
 Epist. ad D. P. Des Maizeaux ; cited at large in vol. iv. pp. 561- 
 565 of Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. 
 
 That true worthy, Fuller Thomas the quaint gives his 
 testimony on the same side : 
 
 " An Index is a necessary implement and no impediment of a 
 book, except in the same sense wherein the Carriages of an Army 
 are termed Impediments. Without this, a large Author is but a 
 labyrinth, without a clue to direct the Reader therein. I confess, 
 there is a lazy kind of Learning which is only indical; when 
 Scholars (like Adders which onely bite the Horse-heels) nible but 
 at the Tables, which are calces librorum, neglecting the body of the 
 Book. But, though the idle deserve no crutches, (let not a staff be 
 used by them, but on them.) pity it is the weary should be denied 
 the benefit thereof, and industrious Scholars prohibited the accom 
 modation of an Index, most used by those who most pretend to 
 contemn it." Worthies. 
 
 ^The index to Nicholas Antonio's Bibliotheca of Spanish 
 Writers has received great commendation : 
 
 " I have quoted Mr. Baillet, who shews the value of it particu 
 larly. He had good reason for recommending even the Indexes, 
 for they are very well formed and useful. The Author has added 
 a short preface to them, which shews his excellent taste and judg 
 ment ; he has quoted there the thought of a Spanish writer, Indi- 
 cem Libri ab Autore, Librum ipsum a quovis alio conficiendum 
 esse. ' An Author ought to make the Index to his book, whereas 
 the book itself may be written by any person else.' The contrary 
 method is generally taken ; Authors refer to others the pains of 
 making alphabetical Indexes; and it must be owned, that those 
 
AYS 
 
 AYT 
 
 Gentlemen who are not patient of labour, and whose talent con 
 sists only in the fire and vivacity of imagination, had much better 
 let others make the Index to their works ; but a man of judgment 
 and application will succeed incomparably better iu composing the 
 Tables to his own writings, than a stranger can. There might be 
 a variety of good directions given for the composition of these Ta 
 bles, which may be justly called the soul of books." BAYI.E. 
 
 When Baillet lauded Antonio's Index, he was like an 
 epicure, who commends the dish which tickles his own 
 palate. Baillet was such an admirer of a good plump 
 Index, that when Hermant had him snugly installed as 
 Librarian to M. De Lamoignon, the uncouth hellun libro- 
 rum sets to work to make an Index, and an Index Rerum 
 at that ! 
 
 " Though troubled with a great pain in his legs, which some 
 times grew very violent, and notwithstanding the many visits be 
 received, which continually interrupted his labours, he applied 
 himself with so much diligence to the drawing up of an Index 
 of all the subjects treated of in the books in M. De Lamoignon's 
 library, that he finished it in August, 1682, [about two years' la 
 bour.] That Index grew to such a length, by the additions he 
 continued to make to it, that it contains thirty-five volumes in 
 folio, all written by M. Bafllet himself. When he had finished 
 that laborious, but useful, work, he wrote a Latin preface to it, | 
 which he published. We find there an account of the manner in j 
 which he drew up that Index. He promised in the same place to 
 write an Index, or Catalogue, of all the authors, whose books 
 were in M. De Lamoignon's library." 
 
 Gruter's great work on Inscriptions Inscriptiones an- 
 tiquae totius orbis romani in absolutissimum corpus re- 
 dactae, (1st edit., Heidelberg, 1602) was not only greatly 
 aided by Scaliger, but so anxious was this eminent scho 
 lar that the work should be complete, that he devoted ten 
 months to writing an index of 24 classes. 
 
 " If it appears surprising that so great a man should undertake 
 so laborious a task, and which seemed so much below him, we 
 ought to consider that such Indexes cannot be made but by a 
 very able man. Jo succeed in that task, it is necessary to under 
 stand perfectly the inscriptions, and know how to distinguish 
 what is peculiar from what is common ; and sometimes to illus 
 trate them by some remarks, and explain the sense, not only of 
 words, of which there remain but one or two syllables, but even 
 of single letters." LE CLERC : BibUoth. Choisie. 
 
 After finishing his Index, Scaliger wrote the following 
 epigram : 
 
 " Si quern dura manet sententia Judicis. olim 
 Damnatum serumnis suppliciisque caput; 
 Hunc neque fabrili lassent Ergastula massa, 
 Nee rigidas vexent fossa metalla manus. 
 Lexica contexat : nam caetera quid moror? omnes 
 Poenarum facies his labor unus habet." 
 Le Clerc truly hints that it is not every man that can 
 write, who is capable of making an Index : we have an 
 amusing instance of the evils resulting from carelessness 
 in this matter, in the case of 
 
 "The writer who drew up the Index to Delechamp's Athenaeus, 
 who says that Euripides lost in one day, his wife, two sons, and 
 a daughter, and refers us to page 60, where nothing like this is 
 found: but we find in page 61, that Euripides going to Icaria, 
 wrote an epigram on a disaster that happened at a peasant's house, 
 where a woman, with her two sons and a daughter, died by eating 
 of mushrooms. Judge, from this instance, what hazards those run 
 who rely on Index-makers." BATLE. 
 
 This only proves that we must have good Index-makers, 
 not that we must do without such aids. 
 Ayscu, Edward. See ASCII. 
 
 Ayshford, Henry, M.D. Tabular Views of the 
 Anatomy of the Human Body, Lon., 1810. 
 
 Ayton, Richard. A Voyage round Great Britain, 
 undertaken in the Summer of 1813, and commencing 
 with the Land's End, in Cornwall; the views taken by 
 William Daniel, A.R.A., 1814. 
 
 Ayton, or Aytoun, Sir Robert, 1570-1638, a na 
 tive of Fifeshire, in Scotland, was the author of poetical 
 pieces in several languages, viz. : Greek, Latin, French, 
 and English. Among his productions are the following : 
 1." Ad Jacobum VI. Britanniavum Regem, Angliam peten- 
 tem, Panegyris, p. 40 inter Delitias Poetarum Scotorum, 
 edit, ab Arturo Jonstono, Arnst., 1637, 8vo. 2. Basia, 
 eive strena ad Jacobum Hayum, equitem illustrissimum, 
 p. 54. 3. Lessus in Funere Raphaelis Thorei, Medici, et 
 Poetae praetantissimi, Londini peste extincti, p. 61, ibid. 
 4. Carina Caro, p. 63, ib. 5. De Proditione Pulverea, 
 quas incidit in diem Martis, p. 65, ib. 6. Gratiarum Actio, 
 cum in privatum Cubiculum admitteretur, p. 66, ibid. 7. 
 Epigrammata Varia, ib. 8. In Obitum Ducis Bucking- 
 amii, a Filtono cultro extincti, M.D.C.XXVIIL p. 74, ibid. 
 Sir Robert was educated at St. Andrew's. He was em 
 ployed both at home and abroad in the service of James I. 
 and Charles I. He was knighted by King James, and ap 
 pointed by him one of the gentlemen of his bed-chamber, 
 and private secretary to his queen. Ben Jonson declared 
 to Drummond that Sir Robert had an affection for him, 
 (Jonson.) Some of his English pieces, which have been 
 highly commended for their style, were published in Wat 
 
 son's Collection of Scottish Poems, (1706-11.) Aubrey 
 remarks that Mr. John Dryden has seen verses of his, 
 some of the best of that age, printed with some other 
 verses. " Aubrey further states that he was acquainted 
 with all the wits of his time in England." He died at 
 London, March, 1638, and was buried in Westminster 
 Abbey, under a handsome monument of black marble. 
 
 Aytoun, William Edmondstoune, b. 1813, is a 
 member of the Edinburgh bar. He succeeded Mr. Moir 
 as Professor of Literature and Belles Lettres in the Univer 
 sity of Edinburgh, where his lectures, distinguished by 
 great ability and correct literary taste, are in high estima 
 tion. He is now editor of that sterling periodical, Black- 
 wood's Edinburgh Magazine, to which he has long been a 
 valued contributor. Norn de plume Augustus Dunshunner. 
 
 Mr. Aytoun married a daughter of the gentleman who 
 for so many years delighted the literary world as con 
 ductor of Blackwood Christopher North, alias Professor 
 Wilson. 
 
 ' At the time of the railway mania he flung off a series of pa 
 pers, the first entitled ' How we got up the Glen Mutchkin Kail- 
 way,' descriptive of the doings in the Capel Court of J- dinburgh 
 and Glasgow ; papers which for broad, vigorous humour, and feli 
 citous settings forth of genuine Scotch character, are almost unri 
 valled." Men of the Time. 
 
 Mr. Aytoun wrote many pieces in the Book of Ballads, 
 edited by Bon Gaultier, a twm de plume, under which he 
 and Mr. Theodore Martin have contributed to a number of 
 periodicals. 1. Lays of the Scottish Cavaliers, and other 
 Poems, Lon. and Edin., 1849. The popularity of thia 
 work is evinced by its having reached its 10th ed. in 
 1857. It has been printed in America. 
 
 , ' Professor Aytoun has appreciated the wealth of his country's 
 history in themes for the historical ballad. ... In the volume now 
 before us. he puts forth a sustained power, which, in our estima 
 tion, places him in the foremost rank of the poets of his time. His 
 lays combine the best qualities of Macaulay and of William Muller. 
 They have all the historic truth and picturesque force of the former, 
 with all the poetic fire and stately march of the latter. We feel, in 
 reading these lays, that we are dealing, not with shadows, but with 
 living men. We are swept back into the stirring times of old, 
 when brave hearts and high souls declared themselves in brave 
 deeds; when honour, self-denial, devotion, were living things; 
 when patriotism and loyalty were active principles, and the wor 
 ship of mammon had not shrivelled up the sons of men into self- 
 seeking and sordid pride. We thank the poet who elevated out 
 soul by a noble thought by a delineation of some generous and 
 lofty nature, woven from the visions of his own brain. We doubly 
 thank him who links noble thoughts and noble deeds with some 
 great historic name ; who places the hero living before us, till we 
 can read his eye, and hear his voice, and be swayed by his in 
 fluence. But above all do we thank him when he rescues some 
 great name from dishonour, and drowns the slander forever in the 
 torrent of our sympathies. This Professor Aytoun has done for 
 two of the noblest, yet most misrepresented, names in Scottish 
 annals. 'The Execution of Montrose' and 'The Burial March of 
 Dundee,' are tributes of historical as well as of poetical justice to 
 the two men of all others the most conspicuous for chivalrous vir 
 tue in the annals of modern Europe." Dublin University Maga 
 zine., xxxiii. 215. 
 
 "The lays before us possess fluency, vigour, and movement, 
 with an elevation of mind which is historical, if not poetical ; they 
 have the polish and the skill in the use of figures which might be 
 expected from the professor of rhetoric and belles lettres ; they are 
 animated by the sentiment of Jacobitism which is reviving among 
 a certain class of well-minded subjects of Queen Victoria; and 
 they not only display the common knowledge of history, but show, 
 in the prose introductions, that Mr. Aytoun has investigated and 
 thought for himself." London Spectator. 
 
 " Professor Aytoun has selected his ballad themes from striking 
 incidents and from stirring scenes in our mediaeval Scottish histo 
 ry; some remote as the field of Flodden; others as recent as that 
 of Drummossie Muir; and he has thrown over them the light of 
 an imagination at once picturesque and powerful. . . . The perfer- 
 vidum ingenium Scotorum that burning, irrepressible energy of 
 character which, whether directed towards good or towards evil, 
 has ever distinguished our country breathes throughout all his 
 Lays, and lends even to stern feet the etherealizing hues of fiction.' 1 
 D. M. Mom: Sketches of the Pbetical Literature of the Past Half- 
 Century. 
 
 " Finer ballads than these, we are bold to say, are not to be found 
 in the language." London Times. 
 
 " A volume of verse which shows that Scotland has yet a poet. 
 Full of the true fire, it now stirs and swells like a trumpet tone- 
 now sinks in cadences sad and wild as the wail of a Highland 
 dirge." Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 2. Fermilian j a Spasmodic Tragedy, by T. Percy Jones, 
 1854, Edin. and Lon., 12mo. 
 
 " It is designed to satirize some modern manifestations of a moat 
 false and extravagant taste in poetry ; and, although the parod 
 is somewhat long and elaborate, there runs throughout such J 
 happy vein of humour, and the harmony of the verse is so lul 
 and flowing, that the reader's interest is never allowed to flag. 
 Westm. Rev., Oct. 1854. 
 
 3. Poland, and other Poems. 4. Bothwell ; a Poem; 
 2d ed., 1856, 8vo. 5. Life and Times of Richard t 
 First, King of England, 1840, 8vo. 6. Ballads of Scot- 
 land, 2 vols. fp. 8vo, 1858. See Lon. Athen., 1858, 43. 
 
BAB 
 
 BAB 
 
 B. 
 
 Babbage, Charles, b. 1790, an eminent mathe 
 matician, entered at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he 
 took his degrees, that of B.A. in 1814; was appointed 
 Lucasian Professor in the Univ. of Camb., 1828 ; resigned 
 in 1839 ; a member of the principal scientific societies of 
 the world. For a full account of Mr. Babbage's Calculating 
 Machine, see Calculating Machines, Division Arts and 
 Sciences, English Cyclopedia. The following complete 
 list of his writings has been prepared with care : 
 
 1. The Preface, jointly with Sir John Herschel; and (2) Con 
 tinued Products, in Memoirs of the Analytical Society, 4to, Camb., 
 1813. 3. Essay towards the Calculus of Functions ; Phil. Trans., 
 1815. 4. Essay towards the Calculus of Functions, Pt. 2; Phil. 
 Trans., 1816. 5. Demonstrations of some of Dr. Matthew Stewart's 
 General Theorems ; to which is added an Account of some New 
 Properties of the Circle; Roy. Inst. Jour., 1816, vol. i. 6. Observa 
 tions on the Analogy which subsists between the Calculus of Func 
 tions and other Branches of Analysis; Phil. Trans., 1817. 7. Solu 
 tion of some Problems by means of the Calculus of Functions ; 
 Roy. Inst. Jour., 1817. 8. Note respecting Elimination; Roy. 
 Inst. Jour., 1817, p. 355. 9. Account of Euler's Method of Solving 
 a Problem relating to the Knight's Move at Chess; Roy. Inst. 
 Jour., 1817. 10. Some New Methods of Investigating the Sums 
 of Several Classes of Infinite Series ; Phil. Trans., 1819. 11. Demon 
 stration of a Theorem relating to Prime Numbers; Edin. Phil. 
 Jour., 1819. 12. Examination of some Questions connected with 
 Games of Chance ; Trans, of Roy. Soc. of Edin., 1820, vol. ix. 13. 
 Observations on the Notation employed in the Calculus of Func 
 tions; Trans, of Camb. Phil. Soc., 1820, vol. i. 14. Application of 
 Analysis, &c. to the Discovery of Local Theorems and Porisms; 
 Trans, of Roy. Soc. of Edin., vol. ix. 15. Letter to Sir II. Davy, 
 P.R.S., on the Application of Machinery to the Purpose of Calcu 
 lating and Printing Mathematical Tables, 4to, July, 1822. 16. 
 Note respecting the Application of Machinery to the Calculation 
 of Mathematical Tables ; Memoirs of the Astron. Soc., June, 1822, 
 vol. i. 17. Theoretical Principles of the Machinery for Calculating 
 Tables ; Brewster's Edin. Jour, of Science, 1823, vol. viii. 18. Ob 
 servations on the Application of Machinery to the Computations 
 of Mathematical Tables, Dec. 1822 ; Memoirs of Astron. Soc., 1824, 
 vol. i. 19. Determination of the General Term of a New Class of 
 Infinite Series ; Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc., 1824, vol. ii. 20. Observa 
 tions on the Measurement of Heights by the Barometer ; Brew 
 ster's Edin. Jour, of Science, 1824. 21. Account of the Repetition 
 of M. Arago's Experiments on the Magnetism Manifested by Va 
 rious Substances during Rotation, by C. Babbage, Esq., and Sir 
 John Herschel, Bart. ; Phil. Trans., 1825. 22. Diving-Bell ; Encyc. 
 Metrop., 1826. 23. Electric and Magnetic Rotation ; Phil. Traus., 
 1826, vol. ii. 24. Method of Expressing by Signs the Action of 
 Machinery; Phil. Trans., 1826. vol. ii. 25. Influence of Signs in 
 Mathematical Reasoning; Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc., 1826, vol. ii. 
 26. Notation; Edin. Encyc. 27. Porisms; Edin. Encyc. 28. Trans 
 lation of the Differential and Integral Calculus of La Croix, 1 vol. 
 29. Examples to the Differential and Integral Calculus, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 These two works were executed in conjunction with the Rev. G. 
 Peacock, Dean of Ely, and Sir John Herschel, Bart. 30. Compara 
 tive View of the Different Institutions for the Assurance of Life, 
 8vo, 1826. A German translation of this work was published for 
 the purpose of establishing at Gotha a society for the assurance of 
 lives. 31. A Table of the Logarithms of the Natural Numbers, 
 from 1 to 108,000, 8vo, 1826. These logarithms were used by the 
 computers in the whole of the trigonometric survey of Ireland, 
 and in that part of the English survey subsequent to their publica 
 tion. There have been several impressions on different-coloured 
 paper. white, yellow, and fawn. Editions also have been pub 
 lished on white, yellow, and green paper, with the Preface and In 
 troduction translated into the German and Hungarian languages, 
 1834. 32. Notice respecting some Errors common to many Tables 
 of Logarithms; Mem. Astron. Soc., 4to, 1827, vol. iii. 33. Essay 
 on the General Principles which Regulate the Application of Ma 
 chinery; Encyc. Metrop. 34. Reflections on the Decline of Science 
 m England, and on some of its Causes, 4to and 8vo, 1830. 35. 
 Examples of the Solution of Functional Equations, 8vo. 36. Sketch 
 of the Philosophical Characters of Dr. Wollaston and Sir H. Daw 
 extracted from the Decline of Science. 37. Letter to T. P. Courte^ 
 nay on the Proportion of Births of the two Sexes amongst Legiti- 
 "f " a J2 leg i{ m v to Chlldren ? Brewster's Edin. Jour, of Science 
 iSySS^Si 38. Economy of Manufactures and Machinery, 8vo, 
 1832; 4th ed. There are American reprints, and several transla 
 tions of this woik into German, French, Italian, Spanish, and 
 Russian. 39. Letter to Sir David BreWster on the Advantage of a 
 Collection of the Constants of Nature and Art; Brewster's Edin 
 Jour, of Science, 1832, vol. vi. p. 334. Reprinted by order of the 
 British Association for the Promotion of Science, Camb., 1833. See 
 also pp. 484, 490,-Report of the Third Meeting of the British As 
 sociation. 40. Letter, written in Cypher, from Mr. Abraham Sharp 
 to Mr. J. Crosthwait, 2d Feb. 1721-22, relative to a Supposed Error 
 in he Division of the Mural Arc at Greenwich. Decvphered by Mr. 
 
 ' 
 
 Flamsteed b y Mr. F. Baily,' Appendix, pp. 
 
 M , 41 " Specimen of Logarithmic Tables, printed 
 
 with different-coloured inks and on variously-coloured papers, in 
 
 J VOlS. OVO, Loll.. 1831. 
 
 The object of this work, of which one single copy only was 
 panted, is to ascertain by experiment the tints of the paper and 
 colours of the inks least fatiguing to the eye. 
 
 One hundred and fifty-one variously-coloured papers were 
 cbosen, and the same two pages of my stereotype Table of Loga 
 
 rithms were printed upon them in inks of the following colours : 
 light blue, dark blue, light green, dark green, olive, yellow, light 
 red, dark red, purple, and black. 
 
 Each of these twenty volumes contains papers of the same 
 colour, numbered in the same order ; and there are two volumes 
 printed with each kind of ink. 
 
 The twenty-first volume contains metallic printing of the same 
 specimen in gold, silver, and copper, upon velluin and on va 
 riously-coloured papers. 
 
 For the same purpose, about thirty-five copies of the complete 
 table of logarithms were printed on thick drawing-paper of various 
 tints. 
 
 An account of this work may be found in the Edin. Jour, of 
 Science, (Brewster's,) 1832, vol. vi. p. 144. 
 
 42. Barometrical Observations made at the Fall of the Staub- 
 bach, by Sir John Herschel, Bart., and C. Babbage, Esq.; firew 
 ater's Edin. Jour, of Science, 1832, vol. vi. p. 224. 43. The Ninth 
 Bridgewater Treatise, 8vo, May, 1837; 2d ed., Jan. 1838. 44. 
 Essay on the Principles of Tools for Turning and Planing Metals, 
 (inserted in the second volume of Turning and Mechanical Mani 
 pulation of Charles Holtzapfel.) 1846. 45. Observations on the 
 Temple of Serapis at Pozziioli, near Naples, with an attempt to 
 explain the causes of the frequent elevation and depression of 
 large portions of the earth's surface in remote periods, and to 
 prove that those causes continue in action at the present time ; 
 Proceedings of the Geological Society, 1847. 46. The same Me 
 moir, with a Supplement, Conjctures on tho Physical Condition 
 of the Surface of the Moon, 8vo : privately printed, 1847. 47. The 
 Exposition of 1851 ; or, Views of the Industry, Science, and Gkv 
 vernment of England, 1851, 8vo. 
 
 Babcock, J. S. Visions and Voices, 12mo, Hart. 
 Baber, Rev. H. H. Wickliffe's Trans, of the New 
 Testament, Lon., 1811. Psalterium Graecum, a Codice 
 MS. Alexandrino, Lon., 1812. Mr. Baber published this 
 (by subscription) as a portion of the remainder of the task 
 left unfinished by Woide. Twelve copies were printed 
 upon vellum, to match with the same number of vellum 
 copies of the New Testament published by his predeces 
 sor. Mr. Baber, with praiseworthy zeal, was desirous of 
 completing the Old Testament; but this "enterprise of 
 great pith and moment" was more than Mr. Baber could 
 himself, with any propriety, be expected to assume. The 
 trustees of the British Museum applied to Parliament for 
 protection in supplying the means to complete the under 
 taking. The application was successful ; and this great 
 work Vetus Testamentum Grgecum ex Cod. MS. Alexan 
 drino, cura et labore H. H. Baber, A.M. was completed 
 in 1828, (1816-28,) in 4 vols. fol., published at 36 15. 
 
 " The types cast in metal by Jackson for Woide are quite fresh 
 and perfect ; and, instead of the contracted various readings in the 
 margin being spun out by the letters in full, (as Woide has given 
 them,) fac-similes of such various readings, cut in wood, are in 
 serted precisely in the places where they occur, filling up only the 
 same space with the original. The tail-pieces, or rude arabesque 
 ornaments at the end of each book, are also represented by means 
 of fac-similes in wood; so that the identity of the original is per 
 fectly preserved. 
 
 " The work, when complete, will consist of 4 folio volumes, three 
 of the text of the Old Testament, with a fourth containing prole 
 gomena and notes. The subscribers for the velluin copies are 
 
 " His Majesty's Library. Sir M. M. Sykes, Bart. 
 
 " The French King's Library. John Dent, Esq. 
 
 " The Royal Library of Berlin. Turner, Esq., Trin. Coll., Dubl. 
 
 "The Archbishop of Canterbury. Longman, Hurst & Co., (Pen 
 tateuch only.) 
 
 "The Duke of Devonshire. The Author. 
 
 " The Earl Spenser. (One copy undisposed of.)" Dibdirfs Biblio 
 graphical Decameron. 
 
 250 copies were printed on paper : the price of the vel 
 lum copies was 184 guineas each. 
 
 Babington, Benj. Trans, of Gooro Paramatan 
 Lon., 1820. 
 
 Babington, Gervase, d. 1610, successively Bishop 
 of Llandaff, Exeter, and Worcester. Comfortable Notes 
 upon the Five Books of Moses. Exposition upon the 
 Creed, the Commandments, and the Lord's Prayer; with 
 a Conference between Man's Frailty and Faith, and three 
 Sermons : printed in one 4to vol. ; again, with additions, in 
 1615; again, 1637. 
 
 Babington, Humphrey. Serm. on Ps. ci. 1, 1678. 
 
 Babington, Jno. Geometry and Fireworks, Lon., 1656. 
 
 Babington, R. The Law of Auction, Lon., 1826. 
 
 Babington, Wm., M.D., 1756-1833. 1. Systematic 
 Arrangement of Minerals, 1795. 2. New System of Mine 
 ralogy, 1799. 3. Syllabus of the Course of Chemical Lec 
 tures, 1802. 4. Case of Exposure to the Vapour of Burn 
 ing Charcoal, 1809. 
 
 Babington, Zachary. Advice to Grand Juries in 
 Cases of Blood, from Law and Reason, Lon., 1677. 
 
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 BAG 
 
 Bache, Alexander Dallas, one of the most distin 
 guished philosophers of the nineteenth century, b. July 
 19, 1806, in Philadelphia, a great-grandson of Dr. Benj. 
 Franklin; educated at the U.S. Military Acad., West 
 Point ; grad. with the highest honours, and became Lieu 
 tenant of Engineers of Fortification in 1825: Prof. Math, in 
 Univ. Penna., 1827 ; organized High School of Phila., and 
 Principal of it, 1841-42; returned to Univ. Penna. 1842-43 
 as Prof, of Nat. Philos. and Chemistry ; resigned on being 
 appointed President of Girard College, Phila. He visited 
 Europe to examine the systems of instruction there, the re 
 sults of which have been published in one large vol., Phila., 
 1839, 8vo. A valuable work. In 1833 he edited an ed. of 
 Brewster's Optics, with Notes, Phila., 12mo ; Observations 
 at the Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory at the 
 Girard Coll., 3 vols. 8vo, 1 vol. plates, 1840-45, Wash., 
 1847. In 1843, he was appointed Superintendent of the 
 U.S. Coast Survey, which position he still occupies, (1858.) 
 
 " Under his energetic and wise direction it has been fruitful not 
 only in practical benefit to navigators, but in valuable contri 
 butions to geodetic and physical science." 
 
 The Reports of the U.S. Coast Survey are pub. annually 
 in one large vol. 4to, under the supervision of Professor 
 B., to whose talents it owes its present high position 
 among the learned of both Europe and America. He is a 
 member of the principal scientific societies of the world, 
 and received the medal of the Royal Geog. Soc. for 1858. 
 His principal contributions are 35 valuable papers in the 
 Proc. of the Amer. Ass. for the Advancement of Science, 
 1849-50-51-53-54-55-56-57-58; 19 papers in the Jour, 
 of the Franklin Institute of Penna., 1831-32-34-35-36- 
 42 ; 6 papers in the Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., 1834-35-37- 
 40, (fee.; Annual Reports to Treasury Dept. on Weights 
 and Measures from 1844 to '56 ; Amer. Jour, of Science, 
 1832-33 ; Proc. Brit. Ass. for Adv. of Science, 1838, <fcc. 
 
 Hat-he, Mrs. Anna. 1. Clara's Amusements, N. 
 York. 2. The Fireside Screen; or, Domestic Sketches, 
 Phila., 1843, 12mo. 3. Little Clara, 18mo. 4. The Sibyl's 
 Cave. 5. Scenes at Home, 12mo. 
 
 Bache, Franklin, M.D., eldest great-grandson of 
 Franklin, b. in Philadelphia, Oct. 25, 1792 ; grad. A.B. in 
 the Univ. of Penna., 1810, and M.D., 1814; Surgeon's 
 Mate, U. States Army, 1813, and full Surgeon, 1814; re 
 signed from the army and entered upon private practice in 
 Phila., 1816 ; Physician to the Walnut Street Prison, 1824- 
 36 ; Prof, of Chemistry in the Franklin Institute of Penna., 
 1826-32; Physician to the Eastern Penitentiary of Penna,, 
 1829-36 ; Prof, of Chemistry in the Phila. College of Phar 
 macy, 1831-41 ; Prof, of Chemistry in Jefferson Med. Coll. 
 of Phila., 1841, which appointment he still holds (1858); 
 President of the American Philos. Society, 1853-54. 
 
 Author of: 1. A System of Chemistry for the Use of 
 Students of Medicine, Phila., 1819, 8vo. 2. Supp. to the 
 Amer. ed. of Henry's Chemistry, forming vol. iii., com 
 piled from the addits. in last English ed., 1823. 3. Let 
 ter to Roberts Vaux on the Separate Confinement of Pri 
 soners, 1829, pamph. 4. Second do., pub. in Journal of 
 Law, Oct. 1830. 5. In conjunction with George B. Wood, 
 M.D., The Dispensatory of the United States, 1st ed., 1833, 
 8vo, pp. 1073; llth ed., 1858, 8vo, pp. 1583. 6. Intro 
 ductory Lectures on Chemistry, 1841, '43, '44, '48, '49, '52. 
 
 Editor of: 1. In conjunction with Robert Hare, M.D., 
 1st Amer. ed. of Ure's Dictionary of Chemistry, 1821, 
 2 vols. in 1, 8vo. 2. A System of Pyrotechny, by James 
 Cutbush, 1825, 8vo. 3. In conjunction with others, North 
 Amer. Med. and Surg. Journal, 1826-32, 12 vols.; and 
 contrib. to vols. i., ii., iii., v., vi., viii., ix., x., xi. 4. Tur 
 ner's Chemistry ; 3d, 4th, 5th, and 6th Amer. eds., 1830- 
 32-35-40. 5. Dr. Hare's Chemical Compendium, 1836. 
 
 Contributor to The Aurora, 1811 (on Muriatic Acid); 
 Memoirs of the Columbian Chemical Soc. of Phila., 1813, 
 8vo; Amer. Med. Recorder, vol. i., 1818, iv., 1821; Phila. 
 Jour, of Health, 1830 ; Hays's Amer. Cyc. of Med. and 
 Surg., 1834-36 (only two vols. pub.); in vol. i., eleven 
 articles, in vol. ii., four articles ; Amer. Jour, of Phar 
 macy, vol. i., 1835, vol. viii., 1842, vol. iii., N.S., 1855. 
 
 Dr. Bache also trans, from the French M. Morand's Me 
 moir on Acupuncturation, 1825, 12mo ; and he was a member 
 of the Pub. Com. of the U. States Pharmacopoeia, as pre 
 pared upon the decennial revisions of 1830, '40, and '50. 
 
 Bache, R. The Manual of a Pennsylvania Justice 
 of the Peace, Phila., 1810-14. The Case of Alien Enemies 
 Considered and Decided, <fcc., 1813. 
 
 Bache, Richard, 1794-1836, Captain of Ordnance 
 U.S. Army. Notes on Colombia, 1822-23, Phila., 1827, 8vo. 
 
 Bache, William. Inaugural Dissertation on Car 
 bonic Acid Gas, Phila., 1794, 8vo. 
 
 Bachman, John, D.D., LL.D., b. 1790, Dutchesa 
 co., N.Y., a distinguished naturalist; licensed to preach in 
 1813 ; pastor of the German Lutheran Church in Charles 
 ton, S.C., from 1815 to the present time, (1858.) He was 
 an associate of Audubon, (q. v.,) whom he assisted in the 
 preparation of his great work on Ornithology, and was the 
 principal author of the work on the Quadrupeds of North 
 America, illustrated by Audubon and his sons. Defence 
 of Luther and the Reformation, Charleston, 1853. Ser 
 mon on the Doctrine and Discipline of the Evangelical 
 Lutheran Church, 1837. Design and Duties of the Chris 
 tian Ministry, 1848. The Doctrine of Unity of the Humat 
 Race Examined on the Principles of Science, 1850. Notice 
 of the Types of Mankind, (by Nott and Gliddon ;) with an 
 Examination of the Charges contained in the Biography 
 of Dr. Morton, 1854. Examination of Prof. Agassiz'a 
 Sketch of the Natural Provinces of the Animal World, 
 and their Relations to the Different Types of Men, 1855. 
 Characteristics of Genera and Species as applicable to the 
 Doctrine of the Unity of the Human Race, 1854. Cata 
 logue of Phoenogamous Plants and Ferns growing in the 
 Vicinity of Charleston, S.C. See South Car. Med. Jour. 
 
 Back, Sir George, 1796-1857, b. at Stockport, 
 entered the navy at an early age. He accompanied Sir 
 John Franklin on his Northern voyage in 1818 and those 
 of 1819 and '23 to explore the Arctic regions. In 1833 
 he undertook an overland journey in search of Capt. Ross. 
 1. Narrative of the Arctic Land Expedition to the Mouth 
 of the Great Fish River and along the Shores of the Arctic 
 Ocean in the Years 1833-34-35. 
 
 " Of all the voyages of discovery entered upon within our recol 
 lection, none engaged public interest so thoroughly as the expedi 
 tion the fruits of which are before us." Lon. Athen. 
 
 2. Perils and Escape of H.M. Ship Terror, 1838, 8vo. 
 
 Backhouse, James. Sermon on 2 Cor. iv. 5, 1758. 
 
 Backhouse, Thos. Surveys of Harbours in N. Scotia. 
 
 Backhouse, W. On Life Annuities, 1778. 
 
 Backhouse, Wm., Fellow of Christ's Coll. and Vicar 
 of Meldreth. The History of the Man of God who was 
 sent from Judah to Bethel : Sermon on 1 Kings xiii. 1 : a 
 Caution against Religious Delusion, Camb., 1763. 
 
 Backhouse, Wm., 1593-1662, a noted alchemist. 
 He trans, from the French The Pleasant Fountain of 
 Knowledge, 1644. The Complaint of Nature and the 
 Golden Fleece; a trans, from Solomon Trismosin, Master 
 to Paracelsus. Backhouse adopted Elias Ashmole as his 
 son in mystical philosophy. 
 
 Backus, Azel, D.D., 1765-1816, Pres. of Hamilton 
 Coll., New York, pub. Sermons, 1797-1813. 
 
 Backus, Chas., D.D., 1749-1803, a native of Nor 
 wich, Connecticut, pub. Sermons, 1795-1801, and a volume 
 on Regeneration. 
 
 Backus, Isaac, 1724-1806, a distinguished Baptist 
 minister of Massachusetts, was b. at Norwich, in Con 
 necticut. His principal work is a History of New Eng 
 land, with particular reference to the Baptists, 1777-84. 
 He pub. an Abridgment in 1804, bringing down the work 
 to that date. 
 
 Backus, J. Laws rel. to Sheriff, Ac. in Conn. 
 
 Bacon, Mr. An Ordinance for Preventing the Spread 
 ing of Heresies, presented to the House of Commons by 
 him and Mr. Teat, with Observations thereupon, Lon., 1646. 
 
 Bacon, of Gray's Inn. Rights of the Kingdom, or Cus 
 toms of our Ancestors touching our Kings and Parliament, 
 Lon., 1682. 
 
 Bacon, Anne, 1528?-1600? was the second daughter 
 of Sir Anthony Cooke, the wife of Sir Nicholas Bacon, and 
 mother of the illustrious Sir Francis Bacon, Baron Veru- 
 lam. It is worthy of observation that the four daughters 
 of Sir Anthony Cooke all formed distinguished matrimonial 
 alliances : 1. Mildred married Lord Burleigh ; 2. Anne, 
 Sir Nicholas Bacon ; 3. Elizabeth, Sir John Russell, sol 
 of the Earl of Bedford; and, 4. Catherine, Sir Henry Kil 
 ligrew. The subject of our memoir was eminent for learn 
 ing and piety, and well versed in the Greek, Latin, and 
 Italian tongues." At an early age she translated from the 
 Italian into English twenty-five sermons, written by Bar- 
 nardine Ochine, concerning the Predestination and Elec 
 tion of God, published about 1550. She translated Bishop 
 Jewel's Apology for the Church of England, from the ori 
 ginal Latin into English. This translation has been com 
 mended as "both faithful and elegant." Archbishop 
 Parker, to whom the manuscript had been submitted, re 
 turned it printed, " knowing that he had hereby done for 
 the best, and in this point used a reasonable policy ; that 
 is, to prevent such excuses as her modesty would have 
 made in stay of publishing it." It was printed in 1564 
 
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 and in 1600. When she sent the archbishop the MS., it 
 was accompanied with a letter to the prelate in Greek, 
 which he answered in the same language. Beza dedicated 
 to this learned lady his Meditations. Interesting details 
 connected with her literary history will be found in Bal- 
 lard's Memoirs of British Ladies, and in Birch's Memoirs 
 of Queen Elizabeth, where are some of her letters at length. 
 
 Bacon, Anthony, b. 1558, brother of Sir Francis 
 Bacon. Mem. of Reign of Q. Eliz., pub. by Dr. Birch. 
 
 Bacon, Delia. Philosophy of the Plays of Shak- 
 Bpeare Unfolded; with a Preface by Nathaniel Hawthorne, 
 Lon., 1857, 8vo. 
 
 "From Mr. Hawthorne we learn that Miss Bacon originally 
 meant to issue this book in America, as 'she wished her own 
 country to have the glory of solving the enigma of those mighty 
 dramas and thus adding a new and higher value to the loftiest 
 productions of the English mind.' We grieve to think her pur 
 pose failed, and that the book appears with the disadvantage of an 
 English name on the title. Mr. Hawthorne as every reader of 
 the ' Scarlet Letter' knows is a humourist of peculiar kind ; but 
 his concluding paragraph of introduction to this wild and silly 
 book crowns the list of his drolleries. In the preface to a volume 
 designed to rob Shakspeare of his literary glories, Mr. Hawthorne 
 says, ' It is for the public to say whether my countrywoman has 
 proved her theory. In the worst event, if she has failed, her 
 failure will be more honourable than most people's triumphs; 
 since it must fling upon the old tombstone at Stratford-on-Avon 
 the noblest tributary wreath that has ever lain there.' Fie! Mr. 
 Hawthorne!" Lon. Athen., April 11, 1857. 
 
 Bacon, Francis, Baron Verulam, Viscount 
 
 St. Al ban's, 1560-1-1626, one of the most illustrious of 
 modern philosophers, was the youngest son of Sir Nicholas 
 and Lady Anne Bacon. He was b. at York-House, in the 
 Strand, London, on the 22d of January. As a child he 
 was remarkable for quickness of thought and great pre 
 cision and force of language. These qualities attracted 
 the notice of Queen Elizabeth, who playfully called him j 
 her young Lord Keeper, intimating his probable succession 
 to his father's honours. Ben Jonson represents him as 
 marked for this distinction, even before the sagacity of the 
 Queen had prompted the prediction. Jonson was one of 
 the party who partook of Chancellor Bacon's hospitality 
 at York-house, on January 22, 1620, the sixtieth birth-day 
 of the host; the poet celebrated the occasion in choice 
 poetry, of which the following is a specimen : 
 " Hail, happy genius of this ancient pile! 
 
 How comes it all things so about thee smile ? 
 
 The fire, the wine, the men and in the midst 
 
 Thou stand' st, as if some mystery thou didst. 
 
 England's high Chancellor, the destined heir 
 
 In his soft cradle, to his father's chair; 
 
 Whose even thread the fates spin round and full, 
 
 Out of their choicest and their whitest wool." 
 
 In his 13th year he was entered of Trinity College, 
 Cambridge, where he remained for three years and a half. 
 We must make great allowances for the statement so con 
 fidently asserted, that at this early age he had not only 
 detected the fallacies of the philosophy of Aristotle, but 
 had mentally projected the substitution of that "more ex 
 cellent way" of arriving at truth, the introduction of 
 which has placed him in the first rank of modern philoso 
 phers. That he was dissatisfied with the canonical author 
 ities of the prevailing school, and felt that there was a 
 vitality in the teachings of truth which revolted at the ar 
 tificial barriers so rigidly imposed by the "philosophy 
 falsely so called," to which it was the habit to bow with 
 unquestioning submission this we do not doubt. He 
 had, to use his own words in later years, taken " all know 
 ledge to be his province," and his was not a mind to be 
 patiently trammelled by any system. After leaving col 
 lege he visited France, in the train of Sir Amias Paulet. 
 Whilst abroad, he wrote the Notes on the State of Europe, 
 which we find in his works. In February, 1580, he was 
 summoned home by the death of his father. Being very 
 slenderly provided for, he made an application to govern 
 ment to obtain some certain source of income, wbich would 
 allow him to devote his attention to literature and politics. 
 Most unfortunately for the cause of science, this applica 
 tion was unsuccessful. Choosing the law as his profession, 
 he obtained a good deal of practice, but it is not unlikely 
 that the opinion of the queen was shared by many, and 
 prevented his gaining any brilliant reputation as a pro 
 found lawyer. " Bacon," said Elizabeth, " has a great 
 wit and much learning, but in law showeth to the uttermost 
 of his knowledge, and is not deep." There is great rea 
 son to suspect much injustice in this opinion. Where he 
 had every right to expect encouragement and aid from his 
 powerful relative, Lord Burleigh, he seems to have en 
 countered any thing but a spirit of kindness and good 
 will. It was natural, therefore, that he should attach 
 himself to the party of Burleigh s opponent, the Earl of 
 
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 Essex ; and this nobleman heartily espoused his cause. 
 We grieve to say that the disinterested kindness of the 
 earl was repaid by the basest ingratitude. When his un 
 happy patron bowed his head in his hour of darkness and 
 desolation, Francis Bacon was by his side, not as the 
 sympathizing friend, to cheer, to comfort, and to console, 
 but he was there as the accusing fiend, to condemn, as 
 the heartless executioner, to bind and manacle the victim, 
 and cast him " to the lions." Nor satisfied with this, he 
 hesitated not to affix a stigma to his benefactor's grave, 
 and rehearse, for the information of posterity, the " Decla 
 ration of the Treasons of Robert, Earl of Essex !" When 
 we remember this disgraceful transaction, we feel that we 
 have no right to censure the portrait drawn by a great 
 poet, of our greater author 
 
 " The wisest, brightest, meanest, of mankind." 
 
 Yet Mr. Montagu can herein justify Bacon, and plead 
 for him " as a man pleadeth for his first-born !" How 
 true it is that the biographer and the lover are almost sy 
 nonymous terms ! Mr. Montagu, in order to defend a bad 
 cause, is obliged, as is usual in such cases, to plead a bad 
 principle; viz. that a lawyer in the advocacy of his brief 
 is permitted, nay obliged, to ignore moral honesty, truth, 
 justice, and every other virtue, if the interest of his client 
 shall require such a tremendous sacrifice, such wholesale 
 abnegation of the very foundations of public and private 
 morality. We do not use Mr. Montagu's phraseology, but 
 we do not "in the estimation of a hair" overstrain the 
 statement of what is done every day in our " courts of 
 justice."( !) Mr. Macaulay's remarks upon this subject, 
 and in the same connexion, are much to the purpose. 
 See his Essay on Lord Bacon. 
 
 In 1593 he sat as member for the county of Middlesex. 
 Fortunately, wo have a graphic sketch of Bacon as the 
 orator, by his friend Ben Jonson : 
 
 " There happened in my time one noble speaker who was full of 
 gravity in his speaking. His language, when he could spare or 
 pass by a jest, was nobly censorious. No man ever spoke more 
 neatly, more pressly, more weightily, or suffered less emptiness, 
 less idleness, in what he uttered. No member of his speech but 
 consisted of his own graces. His hearers could not cough or look 
 aside from him without loss. He commanded where he spoke, 
 and had his judges angry and pleased at his devotion. No man 
 had their affections more in his power. The fear of every man 
 that heard him was lest he should make an end." Discoveries. 
 
 Bacon's earliest publication was the first part of his cele 
 brated Essays, or Counsels, afterwards considerably aug 
 mented. The Elements of the Common Law of England, 
 written in 1596, and The History of the Alienation Office, 
 written in 1598, were not published until after his death. 
 The Essays attained immediate popularity, and were trans 
 lated into Latin, French, and Italian. 
 
 In July, 1603, Bacon was presented to King James I., 
 at Whitehall, and received the honour of knighthood. In 
 1604 he was appointed King's Counsel ; shortly after which 
 he married Alice, the daughter of Benedict Barnham, Esq., 
 Alderman. In the next year appeared his treatise on The 
 Advancement of Learning, which was the basis of the 
 De Amjmentis. The De Sapientia Veterum was published 
 in 1609. 
 
 In 1616, Sir Francis Bacon was sworn of the Privy 
 Council, and in March, 1617, he received the appointment 
 of Keeper of the Great Seal. He was much beholden for 
 his preferment to the influence of Buckingham, and not a 
 little to his personal solicitation of the King, in which he 
 was not backward to assert his merits and fitness for the 
 post of Lord Keeper. On the 4th of January, 1618, he 
 was made Lord High Chancellor, and on the llth of July 
 ensuing he was ennobled by the title of Baron of Verulam, 
 and three years later was raised to the dignity of Viscount 
 St. Alban's. Fain would we leave him in this exalted posi 
 tion, but, alas ! a great fall was at hand. King James had 
 been compelled by his necessities to summon a Parliament; 
 and its Committee in the Courts of Justice reported on 
 the 15th March, that abuses of no common order had been 
 charged. 
 
 " The Person," said the chairman, " against whom the things 
 are alleged, is no less than the Lord Chancellor ; a man so endued 
 with all parts, both of nature and of art, as that I will say no more 
 of him, being not able to say enough." 
 
 Our limits forbid any other than a brief notice of this 
 melancholy portion of the Lord Chancellor's history. The 
 reader will find an admirable analysis of the whole subject, 
 as well as of the Baconian philosophy, in Mr. Macaulay'fc 
 well-known essay on Lord Bacon. That there were extenu 
 ating circumstances in the well-founded charges against 
 the Chancellor, may be admitted, without making him a 
 false witness against himself in his memorable confession . 
 
 " Upon advised consideration of the charges, descending into 
 my own conscience, and calling my memory to account as far as I 
 
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 am able, I do plainly and ingenuously confess that I am guilty of j 
 corruption, and do renounce all defence." 
 
 To the committee of the Lords who were sent to inquire 
 if this confession were indeed signed by himself, his pa 
 thetic answer was : " My Lords, it is my act, my hand, | 
 my heart. I beseech your lordships to be merciful to a 
 broken reed !" 
 
 The sentence passed upon the offender was a fine of 
 40,000, imprisonment in the Tower during the King's 
 .pleasure, incapacity to hold any office in the state, or to 
 sit in Parliament, and banishment for life from the verge j 
 of the Court This heavy sentence proved to be little more j 
 than a matter of form. He was confined in the Tower 
 but two days, his fine was released by the King, he was 
 Buffered to appear at Court, and in 1624 the political inca 
 pacity under which he still suffered was removed. His 
 seat as a peer in the House of Lords was again open to 
 him, and he was summoned to the next Parliament, though 
 he thought proper to decline attendance. His habits of 
 improvidence still followed him in his retreat. The teacher 
 of philosophic humility and moderation excited the asto 
 nishment of a prince by his ostentation, and the author of 
 the Essays on Economy and Improvidence was continually 
 harassed by domestic debts. Prince Charles, encounter 
 ing his imposing equipage and numerous train on the road, 
 exclaimed with admiration : " Do what we can, this man 
 scorns to go out in snuff." 
 
 His faithful friend, Rare Ben Jonson, groups together 
 his sunshine and twilight in a few pathetic lines : 
 
 " My conceit of his person was never increased towards him by 
 his place or honours ; but I have and do reverence him for the 
 greatness that was only proper to himself, in that he seemed to me 
 ever, by his work, one of the greatest men and most worthy of admi 
 ration that had been in many ages. In his adversity I ever prayed 
 that God would give him strength ; for greatness he could not want." 
 The ex-chancellor survived his political bankruptcy 
 five years. The cause of his death is well known. Anx 
 ious to test a theory that he had formed relative to the 
 efficacy of snow in arresting animal putrefaction, he one 
 cold day left his coach, near Highgate, bought a fowl at an 
 adjoining cottage, and stuffed it with snow. He was sud 
 denly seized with an alarming sensation of chilliness, and 
 was carried to the mansion of the Earl of Arundel, at 
 Highgate, where he lingered for a week, and expired on 
 Easter morning, 1626, in the arms of his friend, Sir Julius 
 Caesar. His last letter was written to his host, who was 
 then absent from home. In this letter he calls himself the 
 " martyr of science," and compares himself to Pliny the 
 Elder, who lost his life in the cause of investigation. In 
 his will he leaves his name and memory to men's charita 
 ble speeches, " to foreign nations, and to my own country 
 men, after some time be passed over." 
 
 We shall now proceed to review, briefly, the literary pro 
 ductions of the distinguished subject of our memoir. We 
 have already referred to Mr. Basil Montagu as a biogra 
 pher, and frankly expressed our dissent from some of his 
 conclusions respecting the character of one the influence 
 of whose name is great enough for any thing but success 
 ful resistance to the verdict of unconquerable truth. But 
 we should be justly blamed did we omit to record our grati 
 tude to Mr. Montagu for his splendid edition of the Works 
 of Lord Bacon, in 17 vols. 8vo, 1825-34 : 8 18. &d. j 
 large paper, 26 15. Qd. See ELLIS, R. LESLIE. 
 
 It is deeply to be regretted that Lord Bacon never car 
 ried out a favourite plan long cherished by him, of 
 
 " Reducing or perfecting the course, or corps, of the Common 
 Law, digesting or recompiling them, so that the entire body and 
 substance of Law should remain ; only discharged of idle, or un 
 profitable, or hurtful matter. I dare not advise to cast the law 
 into a new mould. The work which I propound tendeth to prun 
 ing and grafting the Laws, and not to ploughing up and planting 
 it again ; for such remove I hold a perilous innovation." 
 
 His Elements of the Laws of England, published in 
 1636, consists of, 1. A Collection of some Principal Rules 
 and Maxims of the Common Law, with their Latitude and 
 Extent. We have here but twenty-five out of three hun 
 dred Rules which he had collected : 
 
 " I thought good, before I brought them all into form, to publish 
 some few, that by the taste of other men's opinions, in this first, 
 I might receive either approbation in my own course, or better ad 
 vice for the altering of others which remain ; for it is great reason 
 that that which is intended to the profit of others, should be guided 
 by the conceits of others." 
 
 The excellence of that which we possess makes us grieve 
 that we have so small a proportion of that which the au 
 thor designed : 
 
 " Though some great masters of the Law did outgo him in bulk 
 and particularly in cases : yet in the science of the grounds, and 
 mysteries of the Law, he was exceeded by none." Preface to Slack- 
 state's Anal. 
 
 What an invaluable acquisition to the legal and philoso- 
 90 
 
 phical literature of the world would have been Bacon's Illus 
 trations of Three Hundred Rules and Maxims of the Com 
 mon Law ! With that keenness of perception, profundity 
 of judgment, and critical accuracy of definition, which dis 
 tinguished this legal philosopher, we should have had a 
 noble compend of juridical wisdom ; an invaluable auxiliary 
 to the teachings of that Volume which enforces equity and 
 truth in the duties of this life by the solemn sanctions of 
 the life to come. Bacon's royal master would then have 
 had a double claim upon the gratitude of mankind, in the 
 inestimable version of the inspired Scriptures, and in one 
 of the grandest conceptions of human wisdom. The se 
 cond portion of The Elements of the Common Law, was 
 styled by its author, The Use of the Law for Preservation 
 of our Persons, Goods, and Good Names, according to the 
 Laws of this Land. This treatise has been praised as 
 
 "Not only completely fitted for the improvement of such as 
 study the Law, but also the Book in the world best calculated to 
 give every man of good sense and unbiassed judgment, both a ge 
 neral idea, and a good opinion of the Law, which is represented 
 therein in that light which is at once the fairest, fullest, and most 
 agreeable." 
 
 The best-known law treatise of Lord Bacon is his Read 
 ing on the Statute of Uses, which was delivered before the 
 Society of Gray's Inn about the year 1600. This can be 
 considered only an unfinished design : 
 " A profound treatise on the subject, as tar as it goes."" HARGRAVE. 
 The History of the Alienation Office has been cited as a 
 proof of 
 
 " How great a master he was not in one Law only, but in our 
 History and Antiquities ; so that it may be justly said, there never 
 fell any thine; from his pen which more clearly and fully demon 
 strated his abilities." 
 
 The History of Henry VII. has been censured by Dr. 
 Johnson as evincing a want of care usual to the day : 
 
 "It is but of late that Historians bestow pains and attention 
 in consulting records, to attain to accuracy. Bacon, in writing 
 bis History of Henry VII., does not seem to have consulted any, 
 but to have just taken what he found in other histories, and blend 
 ed it with what he learned by tradition." 
 
 But Bishop Nicolson, speaking of the authors who have 
 written concerning the reign of Henry VII., cannot suffi 
 ciently commend our historian : 
 
 "This good work was most effectually undertaken and com 
 pleted by the incomparable Sir Francis Bacon, who has bravely 
 surmounted all those difficulties, and passed over those rocks and 
 shallows, against which he took such pains to caution other less 
 experienced historians. He has perfectly put himself into King 
 Henry's own garb and livery, giving as sprightly a view of the 
 secrets of his Council, as if himself had been President in it." 
 English Historical Library. 
 
 Catherine Macaulay, on the other hand, blames the his 
 torian for flattering King James 
 
 " So far as to paint his grandfather, Henry the Seventh, in an 
 amiable light." Catherine Macauluy's History of England, vol. i. 
 We proceed to the consideration of Bacon's philosophi 
 cal writings. His Essays, or Counsels, Civil arid Moral, 
 were first published in 1597; 2d edition, with additions, 
 in 1612; 3d, still further augmented, in 1624. In the 
 dedication to his brother, Anthony Bacon, the author states 
 that he published his Essays " because many of them had 
 stolen abroad in writing," and he was anxious to give a 
 correct impression of them. 
 
 "To write just treatises requires leisure in the writer, and lei 
 sure in the reader. . . . The word [Essays] is late, but the thing 
 is ancient; for Seneca's Epistles to Lucilius, if you mark them 
 well, are but Essays, that is, dispersed meditations, though con 
 veyed in the form of Epistles." From the intended Preface to the 
 2d edition. 
 
 This is the work by which Bacon is best known to the 
 majority of readers. 
 
 " The first in time, and, we may justly say, the first in excel 
 lence, of English writings on moral prudence, are the Essays of 
 Bacon. . . . The transcendent strength of Bacon's mind is visible 
 in the whole tenor of these Essays, unequal as they must be 
 from the very nature of such compositions. They are deeper and 
 more discriminating than any earlier, or almost any later, work 
 in the English language; full of recondite observations, long ma 
 tured, and carefully sifted. . . . Few books are more quoted, and, 
 what is not always the case with such books, we may add, that 
 few are more generally read. In this respect they lead the van of 
 our prose literature; for no gentleman is ashamed of owning that 
 he has not read the Elizabethan writers ; but it would be some 
 what derogatory to a man of the slightest claim to polite letters, 
 were he unacquainted with the Essays of Bacon/' Hullam's In- 
 troduc. to the. Lit. of Europe. 
 
 "The virtue of these Essays is too well allowed to require any 
 comment. Without the elegance of Addison, or the charming 
 egotism of Montaigne, they have acquired the widest circulation ; 
 and if Bacon had written no more, they would have bequeathed 
 his name undying to posterity. Burke preferred them to the rest 
 of his writings, and Dr. Johnson observed, that ' their excellence 
 and value consists in their being the observations of a strong mind 
 operating upon life, and, in consequence, you will find there what 
 you seldom find in other books.' "Malone's Life of Sir Joxlma 
 Reynolds: Rose's Bing. Diet.: rend the whole of this excellent 
 sketch of Bacon and his writings. 
 
BAG 
 
 "Under the head of Ethics may be mentioned the small volume 
 to which he has given the title of Essay* ; the best known and 
 the n s popular C of all his works. It is also one of those where 
 the superiority of his genius appears to the greatest .advantage; 
 the novelty and depth of his reflections often receiving a strong 
 relief from the triteness of his subject. It may be read from be 
 ginning to end in a few hours; and yet, after the twentieth peru- 
 Sal, one seldom foils to remark in it something overlooked before. 
 This indeed is a characteristic of all Bacon's writings, and is only 
 to be Counted for by the inexhaustible aliment they furnish to 
 our own thoughts, and the sympathetic activity they impart to 
 our torpid fecuKies!"-tf 0oM Stewart, 1ft Prel. Diss. to Anc.yc. Brit. 
 About the 26th year of his age, Bacon formed the nrst 
 sketch of the great work which he designed completing in 
 his " Instauration of the Sciences." This sketch he enti 
 tled Temponu Partus Miucitnu* ; The Greatest Birth of 
 Time. In writing, towards the close of his life, to Father 
 Fulgentio, a learned Italian, who had asked of him an ac 
 count of his works, he remarks, 
 
 ' Equidem memini me quadraginta abhinc annis juvenile opus- 
 culum ciiva has res confecisse, quod magna prorsus fiducia et 
 ma 'iiiiico titulo, 'Temporis Patruiu Maximum,' inscripsi." 
 
 The Treatise on the Advancement of Learning, which 
 was the germ of the De Augmentis Scientiarum, (pub. 1623,) 
 was published in 1605. 
 
 ' In this, indeed, the whole of the Baconian philosophy may be 
 said to be implicitly contained, except, perhaps, the second book of 
 the Novum organum." 
 
 De Sapientia Veterum [The Wisdom of the Ancients] 
 1609. '' Written," as he says, "in the midst of a terra and 
 Parliament." 
 
 " A work which, if it had proceeded from any other writer, would 
 have been considered as a masterpiece of wit and learning, but 
 which adds little to the fame of Bacon." T. B. MACAULAY. 
 In this work, he applies morally or politically 
 " Most of the fables of the Greek Mythology, sometimes display 
 ing remarkable acuteness and penetration ; at other times an ex 
 uberance of fancy which amuses rather than instructs." 
 
 Novum Organum, 1620. This work was immediately 
 honoured by " the warmest expressions of admiration from 
 the ablest men of Europe." 
 
 " The greatest of all his works, and the central pile of that ed 
 fice of philosophy on which the world has bestowed his name. 
 The Novum Organum was received with unbounded applause of 
 the learned, both in his own and foreign nations, and placed the 
 fame of its author at once above that of every other living author." 
 This work was valued by Bacon above all his other 
 writings; twelve times was it revised, altered, and cor 
 rected, year by year, before publication. This ambitious 
 title, in which the author enters the lists with the ancient 
 " Organon," the logical text-book of Aristotle, shows the 
 confidence which the modern philosopher entertained in 
 the value of his improvements in the art of reasoning 
 This production is to be accepted as the second part of 
 the Instauratio Magna, which he tells us was to be "the 
 science of a better and more perfect use of reason in the 
 investigation of things, and of the true aids to the under 
 standing;" in other words, an exposition of the inductive 
 method; what we now term the Baconian philosophy 
 The Novanum Organum by no means answers the ex 
 pressed design of the author. We mean that he has no 
 filled his own sketch. 
 
 " The aphorisms into which he has digested it being rather the 
 heads or theses of chapters, at least in many places, that woulc 
 have been farther expanded. And it is still more important t< 
 observe that he did not achieve the whole of this summary that h< 
 had promised; but out of nine divisions of his method, we onl; 
 possess the first, which he denominates preerogitivae. Eight others 
 of exceeding importance to logic, he has not touched at all, excep 
 to describe them by name, and to promise more. . . . His termino 
 logy is often a little affected, and, in Latin, rather barbarous. Th 
 divisions of his prerogative instances in the Novum Organum, ar 
 not always founded upon intelligible distinctions. And the gene 
 ral obscurity of the style, neither himself nor his assistants bein 
 good masters of the Latin language, which, at the best, is neve 
 flexible or copious enough for our philosophy, renders the perusa 
 of both his great works too laborious for the impatient reader 
 Brucker has well observed that the Novum Organum has been ne 
 glected by the generality, and proved of far less service than i 
 would otherwise have been in philosophy, in consequence of thes 
 very defects, as well as the real depth of the author's mind " 
 HAU.AM. 
 
 To the celebrated Sir Henry Wotton the author sen 
 three copies of this book, which gift was rewarded by 
 very laudatory letter from this famous statesman, diplo 
 matist, and author. The Novum Organum has receive 
 the commendations of very eminent authorities, both 
 the author's own time, and in every successive generation 
 Like all productions of genius, it likewise elicited som 
 censorious criticisms. 
 
 " The geniuses laughed at it, and men of talent and acquii 
 rnent, whose studies had narrowed their minds into particul- 
 channels, incapable of understanding its reasonings, and appre 
 ciating its originality, turned wits for the purpose of ridiculin 
 the new publication of the philosophic Lord Chancellor. Dr. Ar 
 drews, a forgotten wit of those days, perpetrated a vile pun upo 
 the town and title of St. Alban's, by saying, in some doggere 
 
 BAG 
 
 erses, that it was on the high road to Dunce table, i. e. Dunstable, 
 nd therefore appropriate to the author of such a book. Mr. Se- 
 etary Cuffe said that it was ' a book which a fool could not have 
 ritten, and a wise man would not.' King James declared it was 
 ke the Peace of God ' it passeth all understanding.' Coke 
 rote, under a device on the title page, of a ship passing through 
 ie pillars of Hercules, 
 
 ' It deserveth not to be read in schools. 
 But to be freighted in the ship of fools.' " 
 To such hypercriticism, the author's faithful friend in 
 rosperity and affliction the friend who had rejoiced in 
 he rise, and wept over the fall, of " England's High Chan 
 cellor," who not only participated in his festive hospitality 
 n that " high day," when " all things did about him smile," 
 out entered into his closet on his behalf, in his hour of 
 darkness and disgrace, to pray that God would " give him 
 strength in his day of adversity," twice Rare Ben Jonson 
 hus adverts, when he declares that the Novum Organum, 
 " Though by the most of superficial men who cannot get be- 
 vond the^title'of Nominals, it is not penetrated or understood, it 
 eally openeth all defects of learning whatsoever, and is a book 
 ' Qui longum noto scriptori proragat aevum. 
 1 To latest time shall band the author's name.' " 
 Morhof, in his Polyhistor, commends this work in the 
 highest terms, remarking that he 
 
 " Had found but very little in the books since written by English 
 men the grounds of which he had not long before met with in 
 Bacon ; the extent of his genius struck him with admiration, as 
 t must do every man who takes the pains to understand him ; 
 because, though this new knowledge of his be very difficult, and 
 requires much study and application to master it, yet it leads to 
 ;he knowledge of things, and not of words." 
 Voltaire is not behind in commendation : 
 " The most singular and the best of all his pieces is that which 
 s most useless and least read, I mean his Novum Scientiarum 
 Organum ; this is the scaffold with which the new Philosophy was 
 raised, and when the edifice was built, part of it, at least the scaf 
 fold, was no longer of service. The Lord Bacon was not yet ac 
 quainted with nature, but then he knew, and pointed out, the 
 several paths that led to it." Letters on the English Nation; quoted 
 in the Biog. Brit. The whole of this excellent article should be 
 perused. 
 
 Let us quote the opinions of a few modern writers : 
 ; ' Thouirh he possessed, in a most eminent degree, the genius of 
 philosophy, he did not unite with it the genius of the sciences ; 
 the methods proposed by him for the investigation of truth, con 
 sisting entirely of precepts which he was unable to exemplify, had 
 little or no effect in accelerating the rate of discovery." CONDOR- 
 CET: in Dugald Stewart's P>-el. Diss. to Encyc. Brit. 
 
 " The merits of Bacon, as the father of Experimental Philosophy, 
 are so universally acknowledged, that it would be superfluous to 
 touch upon them here. The lights which he has struck out in 
 various branches of the Philosophy of Mind have been much less 
 attended to. . . In the extent and accuracy of his physical know 
 ledge, he was far inferior to many of his predecessors; but he sur 
 passed them all in his knowledge of the laws, the resources, and 
 the limits of the human understanding." DUGALD STEWART, ibid. 
 "\Vithout any disparagement to the admirable treatise De Aug- 
 rnentis, we must say, that, in our judgment, Bacon's greatest per 
 formance is the first book of the Novum Organum. All the pecu 
 liarities of his extraordinary mind are found there in the highest 
 perfection. Many of the aphorisms, but particularly those in 
 which he gives examples of the influence of the idola, show a 
 nicety of observation that has never been surpassed. Every part 
 of the book blazes with wit, but with wit which is employed only 
 to illustrate and decorate truth. No book ever made so great a 
 revolution in the mode of thinking, overthrew so many prejudices, 
 introduced so many new opinions." T. B. MACAULAY: the reader 
 should peruse and reperuse this admirable article. 
 
 The De Augmentis Scientiarum, a translation of the 
 Advancement of Learning, revised and enlarged, (see ante,) 
 was published in 1623. The Biblical Simile of King 
 James has been imputed to this, as well as the preceding, 
 work. The translation was made by Ben Jonson, George 
 Herbert, and other friends. 
 Apothegms, 1625. 
 
 ' The best jest-book ever given to the public." Edin.I?ev.,No. 132. 
 Translation of Psalms into English Verse, 1625. 
 " Aubrey declared Lord Bacon to have been a good poet, but in 
 this work his piety is more to be commended than his poetry. It 
 was dedicated to his friend, the incomparable George Herbert." 
 
 Among his principal works may also be reckoned the 
 Sylva Sylvarum and the New Atlantis. A list will be 
 found in Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica. Mr. Montagu's 
 complete edition, published 1825-34, comprises no les g than 
 17 volumes. As the reader will frequently find in notices 
 of Bacon's philosophy references to the. Instauratio Magna, 
 or Instauration of the Sciences, we can hardly properly 
 dismiss our subject without giving a brief programme 
 (abbreviated from Mr. Hallam's excellent Introduction to 
 the Lit. of Europe a book which should be in every li 
 brary) of this noble project of Lord Bacon : 
 
 " The Instauratio Magna, dedicated to James, is divided, accord 
 ing to the magnificent ground-plot of its author, into six parts. 
 
 " The first of these he entitles Partitiones Scient a urn. compre 
 hending a general summary of that kind of knowledge which 
 mankind already possess; yet not merely treating this affirma 
 tively, but taking special notice of whatever should seem deficient 
 or imperfect; sometimes even supplying, by illustration or pre- 
 
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 cept, these vacant spaces of science. This first part he declares to 
 be wanting iu the Instauratio. It has been chiefly supplied by 
 the treatise De Augmentis Scientiarum; yet, perhaps, even that 
 does not fully come up to the amplitude of his design. 
 
 " The second part of the Instauratio was to be, as he expresses 
 it, ' the science of a better and more perfect use of reason in the 
 investigation of things, and of the true aids of the understanding,' 
 the new logic or inductive method in which what is eminently 
 styled the Baconian philosophy consists. This, as far as he completed 
 it, is known to all by the name of the Novum Organum. But he 
 seems to have designed a fuller treatise in place of this ; the apho 
 risms into which he has digested it being rather the heads or 
 theses of chapters, at least in many places, that would have been 
 farther expanded. It is entitled by himself Partis secundae sum- 
 ma, digesta in aphorismos." See preceding remarks. 
 
 " The third part of the Instauratio Magna was to comprise an en 
 tire natural history, diligently and scrupulously collected from 
 experience of every kind ; including under that name of natural 
 history every thing wherein the art of man has been employed on 
 natural substances, either for practice or experiment ; no method 
 of reasoning being sufficient to guide us to truth as to natural 
 things, if they are not themselves clearly and exactly apprehended. 
 It is unnecessary to observe that very little of this immense chart 
 of nature could be traced by the hand of Bacon, or in his time. 
 His Centuries of Natural History, containing about one thousand 
 observed facts and experiments, are a very slender contribution 
 towards such a description of universal nature as he contem- 
 
 Cted : these form no part of the Instauratio Magna, and had 
 n compiled before. . . . 
 
 " The fourth part, called Scala Intellects, is also wanting, with 
 the exception of a very few introductory pages. ' By these tables,' 
 says Bacon, ' we mean not such examples as we subjoin to the 
 several rules of our method, but types and models, which place 
 before our eyes the entire progress of the mind in the discovery 
 of truth, selecting various and remarkable instances.' . . . 
 
 " In the fifth part of the Instauratio Magna, Bacon had designed 
 to give a specimen of the new philosophy which he hoped to raise 
 after a due use of his natural history and inductive method, by 
 way of anticipation or sample of the whole. He calls it Prodromi, 
 sive Anticipationes Philosophise Secundae. And some fragments 
 of this part are published by the names Cogitata et Visa, Cogita- 
 tiones de Natura Rerum, Filum Labyrinthi, and a few more, being 
 as much, in all probability, as he had reduced to writing. In his 
 own metaphor, it was to be like the payment of interest till the 
 principal could be raised; tanquam foenus reddatur, donee sors 
 haberi possit. 
 
 " For he despaired of ever completing the work by a sixth and 
 last portion, which was to display a perfect system of philosophy, 
 deduced and confirmed by a legitimate, sober, and exact inquiry, 
 according to the method which he had invented and laid down. 
 
 " ' To perfect this last part is above our powers, and beyond our 
 hopes. We may, as we trust, make no despicable beginnings ; the 
 destinies of the human race must complete it ; in such a manner, 
 perhaps, as men looking only at the present would not readily 
 conceive. For upon this will depend not only a speculative good, 
 but all the fortunes of mankind, and all their power.' And with 
 an eloquent prayer that his exertions may be rendered effectual to 
 the attainment of truth and happiness, this introductory chapter 
 of the Instauratio, which announces the distribution of its por 
 tions, concludes. Such was the temple, of which Bacon saw in 
 vision before him the stately front and decorated pediments, in all 
 their breadth of light and harmony of proportion, while long 
 vistas of receding columns and glimpses of internal splendour re 
 vealed a glory that it was not permitted him to comprehend. In 
 the treatise De Augmentis Scientiarum, and in the Novum Orga 
 num, we have less, no doubt, than Lord Bacon, under different 
 conditions of life, might have achieved ; he might have been more 
 emphatically the high-priest of nature, if he had not been the 
 Chancellor of James I. ; but no one man could have filled up the 
 vast outline which he alone, in that stage of the world, could have 
 so boldly sketched." 
 
 It is proper to refer to Bacon's celebrated division of 
 Human Learning, into the three branches of 1. History; 
 2. Poetry; and 3. Philosophy; (vide De Augmentis Sci 
 entiarum, lib. i.,) connected with 1. Memory ; 2. Ima 
 gination ; and 3. Reason. Bacon's Intellectual Chart has 
 been corrected and improved by his ingenious disciple, 
 D'Alembert. The subject is a tempting one for enlarge 
 ment, but we have already far exceeded our intended 
 limits, and must refer our reader for information on this 
 and other topics connected with the Baconian philosophy 
 to the 1st and 3d Prel. Diss. to the Encyc. Brit. The 
 names of Stewart and Playfair afford a sufficient guaran 
 tee for instruction and entertainment. 
 
 Having thus reviewed at some length the principal 
 works of Lord Bacon, perhaps a fitting conclusion to our 
 sketch will be a citation of some opinions, in addition to 
 those we have presented, respecting an author who has 
 been not extravagantly lauded as the "Glory and orna 
 ment of his age and nation :" 
 
 " Though there was bred in Mr. Bacon so early a dislike of the 
 Physiology of Aristotle, yet he did not despise him with that 
 pride and haughtiness with which youth is wont to be puffed up. 
 He had a just esteem of that great master of learning, greater 
 than that which Aristotle expressed himself towards the philoso 
 phers that went before him ; for he endeavoured (some say) to stifle 
 all their labours, designing to himself an universal monarchy 
 over opinions, as his patron Alexander did over men. Our hero 
 owned what was excellent in him, but in his inquiries into nature 
 he proceeded not upon his principles. He began the work anew, 
 and laid the foundation of philosophic theory in numerous expe 
 riments " ARCHBISHOP TENISON : Baconia. 
 92 
 
 George Sandys, the poet and traveller, in his learned 
 notes on his version of Ovid's Metamorphoses, acknow 
 ledges himself to be much beholden to the De Sapientia 
 Veterum, and styles the writer the " crown of all modern 
 authors." 
 
 " This plan as laid down by him looks liker an universal art than 
 a distinct logic, and the design is too great, and the induction too 
 large to be made by one man, or any society of men in one age, if at 
 all practicable. For whatever opinion he might have of the con- 
 clusiveness of this way, one cross circumstance in an experiment 
 would as easily overthrow his induction, as an ambiguous word 
 would disorder a syllogism; and a man needs only make a trial in 
 any part of natural history, as left us by my Lord Bacon, to see how 
 conclusive his induction was like to have been. To say nothing, 
 that notwithstanding his blaming the common logics, as being too 
 much spent in words, himself runs into the fault he condemns : for 
 what else can we make of his Idola Tribus, Idola Specus, Fori, 
 Theatri; or of his instantise, solitarize, migrautis, ostensivas, clan 
 destinae, constitutive, Ac., but fine words put to express very 
 common and ordinary things?" BAKER. 
 
 Mr. T. B. Macaulay has a criticism upon the Baconian 
 terminology somewhat of the same character as Mr. Baker's, 
 which he thus humorously phrases : 
 
 "We are not inclined to ascribe much practical value to the 
 analysis of the inductive method which Bacon has given in the 
 second book of the Novum Organum. It is indeed an elaborate 
 and correct analysis. But it is an analysis of that which we are 
 all doing from morning to night, and which we continue to do even 
 in our dreams. A plain man finds his stomach out of order. He 
 never heard Lord Bacon's name. [He must, indeed, be a " plain 
 man," like Jacob, " dwelling in tents, '' never to have heard of Lord 
 Bacon.] But he proceeds in the strictest conformity with the rules 
 laid down in the second book of the Novum Organum, and satis 
 fies himself that minced pies have done the mischief. ' I ate minced 
 pies on Monday and Wednesday, and I was kept awake by indi 
 gestion all night.' This is the comparentia ad intdlectum instan- 
 tiurum convenientem. ' I did not eat any on Tuesday and Friday, 
 and I was quite well.' This is the comparentia instantiarum in 
 proximo quce natura data privantur. ' I ate very sparingly of them 
 on Sunday, and was very slightly indisposed in the evening. But 
 on Christmas-day I almost dined on them, and was so ill that I was 
 in some danger.' This is the cmnparvntia instantiarum Sf.cundum 
 magis tJt manus. ' It cannot have been the brandy which I took 
 with them ; for I have drunk brandy daily for years without being 
 the worse for it.' This is the rejectio natuarum. Our invalid then 
 proceeds to what is termed by Bacon the Vindemiatis. and pro 
 nounces that minced pies do not agree with him. We might go 
 on to what are called by Bacon prcprogativce instantiarum. For 
 example: ' It must be something peculiar to minced pies, for I can 
 eat any other pastry without the least bad effect.' This is the in- 
 stantia solitaria.. We might easily proceed, but we have already 
 sufficiently explained our meaning." 
 
 Now this is all very amusing, but whether it have any 
 other merit, we leave it to the reader to decide. We contend 
 that this devotee to minced pies argues more like a philoso 
 pher who had profited by the inductive mode, (although 
 perhaps ignorant of its terminology,) than " plain men who 
 have never heard of Lord Bacon" are apt to reason. Fur 
 ther, it is not indispensable to a "plain man's" profiting by 
 the Baconian system, that he should have heard of Lord 
 Bacon. It is with philosophy as with the light of the sun 
 thousands enjoy its advantages where one understands its 
 nature. The question is whether the reveller in minced 
 pies in the 19th century, be not more favourably situated 
 for the correction of undue indulgence, than was his brother 
 epicure of the 16th century. Or whether a man who was 
 put to bed by minced pies under the Organon of Aristotle, 
 would not suffer a daily repetition of the offence and pen 
 alty, instead of reasoning and abjuring, as does Mr. Ma 
 caulay 's invalid, under the brighter dispensation of the 
 Organon of Bacon. Besides, the whole business of life is 
 not to luxuriate in minced pies : the Mart, the Forum, the 
 Altar, and the Camp, all have their duties and their codes, 
 which, if based upon reason, may be perfected by induc 
 tion ; and unless Mr. Macaulay indited his able essay about 
 Christmas-time, for the January number of the Edinburgh, 
 we cannot conceive how he happened to select so odd an 
 illustration of the inetantiarum convenientem. But to be 
 serious : we happen to remember a passage of Mr. Hallam's, 
 bearing upon such objections as those advanced by Mr. 
 Baker and Mr. Macaulay ; whether meant for these gen 
 tlemen or not, we have no means of knowing, but his reflec 
 tions could not be more to the purpose: 
 
 " Those who object to the importance of Lord Bacon's precepts 
 in philosophy, that mankind have practised many of them imme- 
 morially, are rather confirming their utility, than taking off much 
 from their originality to any fair sense of that term. Every logical 
 method is built on the common faculties of human nature, which 
 have been exercised since the Creation in discerning, better or worse, 
 truth from falsehood, and inferring the unknown from the known. 
 That men might have done this more correctly, is manifest from 
 the quantity of error into which, from want of reasoning well on 
 what came before them, they have habitually fallen. In experi 
 mental philosophy, to which the more special rules of Lord Bacon 
 are generally referred, there was a notorious want of that very- 
 process of reasoning which he has supplied." Introduction to Lit. 
 Europe, vol. ii. 
 
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 Bushel, in his Abridgment of Bacon's Philosophical 
 Theory in Mineral Prosecutions, gives a pathetic account 
 of the sad fall of the Lord Chancellor : 
 
 " Shortly after the king dissolved the Parliament, but never re 
 stored that matchless lord to his place, which made him then to 
 wish the many years he had spent in state policy and law study 
 had been solely devoted to true philosophy : for (said he) the one, 
 at the best, doth but comprehend man's frailty in its greatest 
 splendour; but the other the mysterious knowledge of all things 
 created in the six days' work." 
 
 We need no voucher for the authenticity of this reflec 
 tion ! It is Lord Bacon's ! The image and the superscrip 
 tion are there ! We are told by Rushworth that 
 
 " He treasured up nothing for himself or family, but was over 
 indulgent to his servants, and connived at their takings, and their 
 ways betrayed him to that error : they were profuse and expensive, 
 and had at their command whatever he was master of." 
 
 " Who can forbear to observe and lament the weakness and in 
 firmity of human nature? To see a man so far exalted above the 
 common level of his fellow-creatures, to sink so far below it ; to see 
 a man who, like Seneca, gave admirable rules for the conduct of 
 life, and condemning the avaricious pursuit after riches, and, what 
 is unlike Seneca, condemning them in his own person, and yet be 
 denied thereby." Stepfiens's Introduction to Bacon's Letters. 
 
 " The Chancellor being convicted of bribery, pretends, as if being 
 weary of honour, he would resign his place, being much loaded 
 with calumnies." Oamdcn's Annuls of King James. 
 
 ' ' His great spirit was brought low, and this humiliation might 
 have raised him again, if his offences had not been so weighty as 
 to keep him down. ... He was a fit jewel to have beautified and 
 adorned a flourishing kingdom, if his flaws had not disgraced the 
 lustre that should have set him off." Wilson's Life and Reign of 
 King James. 
 
 ' The Parliament was prorogued at Easter, from the 27th of 
 March to the 18th of April, the marquis having his eye therein 
 upon the Lord Chancellor, to try if time could mitigate the dis 
 pleasure, which in both Houses was strong against him." HACKET : 
 Life of Archbishop Williams. 
 
 An eminent authority remarks that 
 
 " The Earl of Salisbury was an excellent speaker, but no good 
 penman; Lord Henry Howard was an excellent penman, but no 
 good speaker; Sir Francis Bacon alike eminent for both." SIR 
 WALTER RALEIGH. 
 
 Lord Bacon committed his Orations and Epistles to the 
 care of Archbishop Williams, who addressed him as follows : 
 
 " Your Lordship doth most worthily, therefore, in preserving 
 these two pieces among the rest of those matchless monuments 
 you shall leave behind you ; considering that as one age hath not 
 bred your experience, so is it not fit it should be confined to one 
 a;jre. and not imparted to the times to come ; for my part therein, 
 I do embrace the honour with all thankfulness, and the trust im 
 posed upon me with all religion and v devotion." 
 
 " Your Lordship hath done a great and everlasting benefit to all 
 the children of Nature, and to Nature herself in her utmost ex 
 tent of latitude, who never before had so noble nor so true an in 
 terpreter, or (as I am readier to style your Lordship) never so in 
 ward a Secretary of her cabinet." Letter from Sir Henry Wotton, 
 on receiving a copy of the Nbvum, Organum. 
 
 The University of Oxford, shortly after his fall, acknow 
 ledged, in the most laudatory terms, the gift of a copy of 
 the De Augmentis Scientiarum : 
 
 " Right honourable, and what in nobility is almost a miracle, 
 most learned Viscount! Your honour could have given nothing 
 more agreeable, and the University could have received nothing 
 
 more acceptable than the Sciences She readily acknowledged, 
 
 that though the Muses are born in Oxford, they grow elsewhere : 
 grown they are, and under your pen, who, like some mighty Her 
 cules in learning, have by your own hand, further advanced those 
 pillars in the learned world, which by the rest of that world were 
 supposed immovable." 
 
 Mr. Francis Osborn declares that Bacon was 
 
 " The most universal genius he had ever seen, or was ever like 
 to see, had he lived ever so long. He was so excellent, so agree 
 able a speaker, that all who heard him were uneasy if he was in 
 terrupted, and sorry when he concluded. . . . Now this general 
 knowledge he had in all things husbanded by his wit, and digni 
 fied by so majestical a carriage, he was known to own, struck such 
 an awful reverence in those he questioned, that they durst not 
 conceal the most intrinsic part of their mysteries from him, for 
 fear of appearing ignorant or saucy : all which rendered him no 
 less necessary than admirable at the Council-table, where in refer 
 ence to impositions, monopolies, &c., where the meanest manufac 
 tures were a usual argument; and, as I have heard, did in this 
 baffle the Earl of Middlesex, that was born and bred a Citizen 
 yet without any great, (if at all,) interrupting his other studies^ 
 as is not hard to be imagined of a quick apprehension, in which 
 he was admirable." Miscell. Works of Francis Osborn, 1722. 
 
 " Pity it was he was not entertained with some liberal salary, 
 abstracted from all affairs both of court and judicature, and fur 
 nished with sufficiency both of means and helps for the going on 
 of his design ; which, had it been, he might have given us such a 
 body of Natural Philosophy, and made it so subservient to the 
 public good, that neither Aristotle nor Theophrastus amongst the 
 Ancients, nor Paracelsus, or the rest of our latest chymists, would 
 have been considerable." DR. PETER HEYLIN : Life ofArchb. Laud. 
 
 Cowley, in his Pindaric on the Royal Society, lauds the 
 " mighty discoveries of the great Lord Bacon." 
 
 " Methinks," says Bishop Sprat in his History of the Royal So 
 ciety, " m this one man I do at once find enough occasion to ad 
 mire the strength of human wit, and to bewail the weakness of a 
 mortal condition; for is it not wonderful, that he who had run 
 through all the degrees of that profession which usually takes up 
 
 men's whole time, who had studied, and practised, and governed 
 the Common Law, who had always lived in the crowd, and borne 
 the greatest burden of civil business, should yet find leisure 
 enough for these retired studies, to excel all those men who sepa 
 rate themselves for this very purpose ? He was a man of strong, 
 clear, powerful imagination; his genius was searching and in 
 vincible, and of this I need give no other proof than his style it 
 self; which, as, for the most part, it describes men's minds as well 
 as pictures do their bodies, so it did his above all men living ; the 
 course of it vigorous and majestic ; the wit, bold and familiar ; the 
 comparisons, fetched out of the way, and yet the most easy ; in 
 all, expressing a soul equally skilled in men and nature." 
 
 " The incomparable Mr. Boyle speaks often of our author in his 
 works, and always with honour ; he styles him sometimes an il 
 lustrious, at others, an admirable and excellent, Philosopher, and, 
 which is a higher commendation than any phrase could have ex 
 pressed, he often imitates him, and professes a desire of treading 
 in his paths. Dr. Power, one of the most active and judicious 
 among the first members of the Royal Society, in a learned treatise 
 of his, places at the head of his chapters the Latin text from the 
 Lord Verulam's works, to shew that all the honour he had claimed 
 was to have prosecuted his views." 
 
 " No trivial passages, [referring to the Life of Henry VII.,] such 
 as are below the notice of a statesman, are mixed with his sage 
 remarks ; nor is any thing of weight or moment slubbered over 
 with that careless haste and indifferency which is too common in 
 other writers. No allowances are given to the author's own con 
 jecture or invention, where a little pains and consideration will 
 serve to set the matter in its proper and true light. No imperti 
 nent digressions, nor fanciful comments distract his readers ; but 
 the whole is written in such a grave and uniform style, as be 
 comes both the subject and the artificer." BISHOP NICOLSON: 
 English Historical Library. 
 
 On the other hand, Catherine Macaulay objects to the 
 portraiture of Henry VII., as we have seen, and prefaces 
 her dissent with some very severe strictures on the author: 
 
 "Thus ignominious was the fall of the famous Bacon! despica 
 ble in all the active parts of life, and only glorious in the con 
 templative. Him the rays of knowledge served but to embellish, 
 not enlighten ; and philosophy itself was degraded by a conjunc 
 tion with his mean soul : we are told that he often lamented that 
 ambition and vain glory had diverted him from spending his 
 whole time in the manner worthy of his extensive genius ; but 
 there is too much reason to believe, from his conduct, that these 
 sentiments arose from the weight of his mortifications, and not 
 from the conviction of his judgment. He preferred mean applica 
 tions to James, and continued to flatter him so far, as to paint his 
 grandfather, Henry the Seventh, in an amiable light." History 
 of England, vol. i. 
 
 Rushworth remarks, that 
 
 " His decrees were generally made with so much equity, that, 
 though gifts rendered him suspected for injustice, yet never any 
 decree made by him was reversed as unjust." Collections, vol. i. 
 
 The Chancellor made an earnest defence, both when first 
 accused and after sentence. When first suspected, he con 
 fidently declares his innocence in a letter to Buckingham : 
 
 " Your Lordship spoke of Purgatory. I am now in it. But my 
 mind is in a calm ; for my fortune is my felicity. I know I have 
 clean hands and a clean heart; and, I hope, a clean house for 
 friends or servants. But Job himself, or whosoever was the just- 
 est Judge, by such hunting for matters against him, as hath been 
 used against me, may for a time seem foul, especially in a time 
 when greatness is the mark, and accusation is the game." 
 
 This indignant defence compares strangely with his 
 after confession, and with his letter to the Lords before 
 his formal and detailed acknowledgment. He remarks, 
 that understanding some justification was expected from 
 him, he had 
 
 "Chosen one only justification instead of all others; for after 
 the clear submission and confession which he should then make 
 to their Lordships, he hoped he might say, and justify with Job 
 in these words, I have not hid my sin as did Adam, nor con 
 cealed my fault in my bosom." 
 
 Not only so, but when he resigned the seals, he accom 
 panied the act with the pathetic exclamation : " Rex dedit, 
 cuTpa abstulit !" that is, " The King gave, and my own 
 faults have taken away I" 
 
 Yet Mr. Montagu, with charming naivett, asks us to be 
 lieve that Bacon was innocent ; that he could have proved 
 his entire innocence ; but was generously willing to sacri 
 fice himself at the command of the King and the favourite. 
 Like the Roman of old, he determined to close the " great 
 gulf fixed" between the throne and the Parliament, by 
 self-immolation. Mr. Montagu is grave ; therefore, we pre 
 sume, serious. We have seen that he defends Bacon's 
 prosecution of Essex by that rule of legal morality which 
 makes the advocate abjure every consideration which may 
 interfere with his official character. He now makes Bacon 
 utter the grossest falsehoods, and expose himself to the 
 merited condemnation of the world for judicial corrup 
 tion, in order to gratify his King and please the King's 
 favourite. First, he sacrifices his friend to his court brief, 
 and then immolates himself to his King's whim. Verily, 
 the golden rule itself is but selfishness compared to such 
 abnegation ! Damon and Pythias will fade in story, and 
 the Suttee pyre hardly arrest the attention of the pass 
 ing stranger ! 
 
 Addison, after stating that he would "show that all the 
 
BAG 
 
 BAG 
 
 laymen who have exerted a more than ordinary genius in } 
 their writings, and were the glory of their times, were 
 men whose hopes were filled with immortality, and the 
 prospect of future rewards, and men who lived in a duti 
 ful submission to all the doctrines of revealed religion," 
 goes on to remark : 
 
 " I shall in this paper only instance Sir Francis Bacon, a man 
 who, for greatness of genius, and compass of knowledge, did ho 
 nour to his age and country ; I could almost say to human nature 
 itself. He possessed at once all those extraordinary talents which 
 were divided amongst the greatest authors of antiquity. He had 
 the sound, distinct, comprehensive knowledge of Aristotle, with 
 all the beautiful lights, graces, and embellishments of Cicero. 
 One does not know which to admire most in his writings, the 
 strength of reason, force of style, or brightness of imagination." 
 TaOer, No. 267. 
 
 Sheffield, Duke of Buckinghamshire, asserts that 
 " All his works are, for expression, as well as thought, the glory 
 of our nation and of all latter ages." 
 
 Conde de Gondamar wrote him a letter on his fall, in 
 which he assures him of the King of Spain's interposition, 
 if he judged it any way convenient for the restoring of his 
 condition. Stephens'* Collection. 
 
 Lord Cavendish, afterwards Earl of Devonshire, received 
 a letter from Italy, in which it was stated that 
 
 " Lord Bacon was more and more known, and his books more 
 and more delighted in; so that those men who had more than 
 ordinary knowledge in human affairs, esteemed him one of the 
 most capable spirits of that age." 
 M. Voiture writes : 
 
 " I find every thing perfectly fine that you have sent me of Ba 
 con, but do you not think that Horace, who said, ' Visum Britan- 
 nos hospitibus feros,' would be much more astonished to hear a 
 barbarian talk in this manner, and to see that there is not perhaps 
 at this day a Roman who speaks so good Latin as this English 
 man ? And would not Juvenal say, with greater reason than ever, 
 ' Nunc totus Grajas nostrasqne habet orbis Athenas ?' " 
 
 This compliment of M. Voiture will perhaps recall to 
 some of our readers the epigram with which the learned 
 Grotius honoured John Barclay's classical erudition : it 
 will be found under his portrait prefixed to the " Argenis :" 
 " Gente Caledonius, Gallus natalibus. hie est 
 Rornam Romano qui docet ore loqni.' 
 A Scot by blood and French by birth this man 
 At Rome speaks Latin as no Roman can.' " 
 Grotius speaks most favourably also of Bacon's Life of 
 Henry VIL, and the learned Conringius fully agrees with 
 this opinion. 
 
 Baron Puffendorf commends him in the most exalted 
 terms: 
 
 " The late most wise Chancellor of England was the chief writer 
 of our age, and carried as it were the standard that we might press 
 forward, and make greater discoveries in Philosophic matters, than 
 any of which hitherto our schools had rung. So that if in our 
 time any great improvements have been made in Philosophy, 
 there has been not a little owing to that great man." Specimen 
 Controvert., cap. L 
 
 Puffendorf s representation of Bacon as a "standard- 
 bearer," instantly reminds us of the philosopher's own mo 
 dest and beautiful comparison. In a letter to the Earl of 
 Salisbury, he remarks that in his book he was " contented 
 to awake better spirits, being himself like a bell-ringer, 
 who is first up to call others to church." To carry on the 
 ecclesiastical simile, as Aristotle has been called the Pope 
 of Philosophy until " a greater arose in his place," we may 
 compare Bacon, not to the bell-ringer in the steeple, but to 
 the Luther in the pulpit, who questioned his infallibility, 
 and struck a fatal blow at the supremacy of that school 
 which " made nothing perfect," though the bringing in of 
 a better system did. 
 
 Francis Buddeus styles Bacon a 
 
 " New light in Philosophy, one who first united speculation and 
 practice, and opened a passage to those mighty discoveries that have 
 been made since his time." Compendium Histories PhuosophiccR. 
 Voltaire calls him 
 
 " The father of experimental philosophy, owning that what sur 
 prised him most was to find the Doctrine of Attraction, which 
 is looked upon to be the foundation of another philosophy, ex 
 pressly set down in Lord Bacon's, in words not to be controverted 
 or mistaken." 
 
 " Bacon was generous, easy, good-natured, and naturally just. 
 But he had the misfortune to be beset by domestic harpies, who, 
 in a manner, farmed out his office ; and he had given way to into 
 lerable impositions upon the subject among the masters in Chan 
 cery." GCTHKIE. 
 So Addison : 
 
 " His principal fault seems to have been the excess of that vir 
 tue which covers a multitude of faults. This betrayed him to so 
 great an indulgence towards his servants, who made a corrupt use 
 of it, that it stripped him of all those riches and honours which a 
 long series of merits had heaped upon him." Taller, No. 267. 
 
 This is indeed a specimen of suaviter in modo. But 
 
 Wilson, " who is acknowledged not to have been prejudiced 
 
 against the chancellor," speaks in a very different strain : 
 
 " He was the true emblem of human frailty, being more than 
 
 a man in some things, and less than a woman in others. His 
 
 crimes were bribery and extortion ; and these he had often con- 
 
 M 
 
 demned others for as a judge, which now he came to suffer for as a 
 delinquent. And they were proved and aggravated against him 
 with so many circumstances, that they Ml very foully upon him, 
 both in relation to his reception of them, and his expending of 
 them." Kennefs History of England. 
 
 It may be pertinent to remark here that Buckingham's 
 displeasure at the manner in which Williams received his 
 suggestions relative to depending cases in the Court of 
 Chancery, gives reason to fear that the preceding Lord 
 Keeper was more compliant. Bacon's Letters, by Birch; 
 Racket's Life of Archbp. Williams. 
 
 Hume remarks that 
 
 " Bacon was a man universally admired for the greatness of his 
 genius, and beloved for the courteousness and humanity of his 
 behaviour. He was the great ornament of his age and nation ; 
 and nought was wanting to render him the ornament of human 
 nature itself, but that strength of mind which might check his in 
 temperate desire of preferment, that could add nothing to his dig 
 nity, and restrain his profuse inclination to expense, that could be 
 requisite neither for his honour nor entertainment." History of 
 Great Britain. 
 
 " The great glory of literature in this Island, during the reign 
 of James, was my Lord Bacon. Most of his performances were 
 composed in Latin ; though he possessed neither the elegance of 
 that, nor of his native tongue. If we consider the variety of 
 talents displayed by this man as a public speaker, a man of 
 business, a wit, a courtier, a companion, an author, a philosopher 
 he is justly the object of great admiration. If we consider him 
 merely as an author and philosopher, the light in which we view 
 him at -present, though very estimable, he was yet inferior to his 
 contemporary, Galileo, perhaps even to Kepler. Bacon pointed 
 out at a distance the road to true philosophy : Galileo both pointed 
 it out to others, and made himself considerable advances in it." 
 Ibid. 
 
 Upon which we have in the British Biography : 
 
 "Galileo was undoubtedly an illustrious man. and Kepler an 
 admirable astronomer : but though we admit their superiority in 
 astronomy, mechanics, and some particular branches of physical 
 knowledge, it does by no means follow that either of them were 
 greater philosophers than Bacon. The praise of Bacon is founded 
 not upon his skill in this or that particular branch of knowledge, 
 but on his great and comprehensive understanding, which took 
 in almost the whole extent of universal science. And he was so 
 little indebted to the partiality of his countrymen, that his writ 
 ings appear, for some time at least, to have been more esteemed 
 and admired in foreign countries than in England." 
 
 His eminent French disciple, D'Alembert, by whose 
 means his writings were more widely introduced to the 
 French than they had been previously, cannot sufficiently 
 commend our author : 
 
 " On considering attentively the sound, intelligent, and exten 
 sive views of this great man, the multiplicity of objects his pierc 
 ing wit had comprehended within its sphere, the elevation of his 
 style, that everywhere makes the boldest images to coalesce with 
 the most vigorous precision, we should be tempted to esteem him 
 as the greatest, the most universal, and the most eloquent of phi 
 losophers. His works are justly valued, perhaps more valued 
 than known, and, therefore, more deserving of our study than 
 eulogium." An. Reg., vol. xvi. ; see th& whole of this article. 
 
 We consider Mr. Hume to be sufficiently punished. He 
 was the last man to weigh Bacon, who has displayed so 
 little of the spirit of the true philosopher himself. His 
 theory of evidence would never have been allowed to ex 
 pose his folly to the world, had he understood even the 
 Comparentia ad intellectum instantiarum convenientem. 
 Bacon's genius was indeed comprehensive. Sir John 
 Hawkins states that 
 
 " Lord Bacbn, in his natural history, has given a great variety 
 of experiments touching music, that show him to have been not 
 barely a philosopher, an enquirer into the phaenomena of sound, 
 but a master of the science of harmony, and very intimately ac 
 quainted with the precepts of musical composition." 
 
 Sir John quotes the following remark of Lord Bacon 
 as a proof of his knowledge of the sciences : 
 
 " The sweetest and best harmony is when every part or instru 
 ment is not heard by itself, but a conflation of them all ; which 
 requireth to stand some distance off; even as it is in the mixture 
 of perfumes, or the taking the smells of several flowers in the 
 air." History rtf Music. The above authorities, quoted from the 
 Biographia Britannica, should be read at length. 
 
 His chaplain tells us that our great philosopher pursued 
 the true plan of acquiring general knowledge : " He would 
 light his torch at every man's candles." We have referred 
 to the graphic picture which Osborn gives us of his puz 
 zling Lord Middlesex at the council-table by his minute 
 knowledge of manufactures and the rules of trade. Os 
 born further tells us : 
 
 ** I have heard him entertain a country lord in the proper terms 
 relating to hawks and dogs ; and at another time out>cant a Lon 
 don chirurgeon." 
 
 Pope refers to the precision of Bacon's language : 
 " Words that wist Bacon or grave Kaleigh spake." 
 
 An English dictionary, Mr. Seward remarks, might be 
 composed from his works; but this compliment is very in 
 definite, and not one, we think, which Bacon would have 
 coveted. Dugald Stewart remarks, in reference to Bacon's 
 i design of classifying the multifarious objects of human 
 j knowledge: 
 
BAG 
 
 "Nor must it be forgotten, to the glory of his genius, that what 
 he failed to accomplish remains to this day a desideratum in 
 science that the intellectual chart delineated by him is. with all its 
 imperfections, the only one of which modern philosophy has yet 
 to boast and that the united talents of D' Alembert and Diderot, 
 aided bv all the lights of the eighteenth century, have been able 
 to add "but little to what Bacon performed." 1st Prd. Ihss. to 
 
 "At' the time when Bacon wrote, it might truly be said, that a 
 small portion, even of the learned ages, and of the abilities of 
 learned men, had been dedicated to the study of natural philoso 
 phy. This served, in his opinion, to account for the imperfect 
 state in which he found human knowledge in general; for he 
 thought it certain that no part of knowledge could attain much 
 excellence without having its foundation laid in physical science." 
 
 PROF. PLAYFAIR : 3d Prd. Diss. to Encyc. Bril. 
 
 Professor Playfair further remarks, after an analysis of 
 a portion of the Novum Organum, the second part of the 
 Instauration of the Sciences : 
 
 " The power and compass of a mind which could form such a 
 plan beforehand, and trace not merely the outline, but many of 
 the most minute ramifications of sciences which did not yet exist, 
 must be an object of admiration to all succeeding ages." Ibid. 
 
 " We must constantly remember that the philosophy of Bacon 
 was left exceedingly incomplete. Many lives would not have 
 sufficed for what he had planned, and he gave only the horce sub- 
 secivtf of his own. It is evident that he had turned his thoughts 
 to physical philosophy, rather for an exercise of his reasoning facul 
 ties, than from any peculiar aptitude for their subjects, much less 
 any advantage of opportunity for their cultivation. He was more 
 eminently the philosopher of human than of general nature. . . . 
 Burke, perhaps, comes, of all modern writers, the nearest to him; 
 but though Bacon may not be more profound than Burke, he is 
 still more comprehensive." HALLAM : Introduc. to Hist. Lit. 
 
 After this " cloud of witnesses" to the surpassing merits 
 of our great philosopher, let us revert to the opinions of 
 some of his contemporaries. " The Queen did acknow 
 ledge," says the Earl of Essex in a letter to Bacon himself, 
 "you had a great wit, and an excellent gift of speech, and 
 much other good learning. But in law, she rather thought 
 you could make shew to the utmost of your knowledge, 
 than that you were deep." 
 
 " If it be asked, says Dr. Hurd, how the Queen came to form 
 this conclusion, the answer is plain. It was from Mr. Bacon's 
 having a great wit, an excellent gift of speech, and much other 
 good learning." Hard's Dialogues. 
 
 But Mr. Stewart opposes to Queen Elizabeth's judgment 
 on the law item that of Mr. Hargrave : 
 
 " What might we not have expected from the hands of such a 
 master, if his vast mind had not so embraced within its compass 
 the whole field of science, as very much to detach him from pro 
 fessional studies?" 
 
 Of the exact sciences, Bacon was by no means a master; 
 he neither knew, nor cared to know, much of the Mathe 
 matics. He underrated the value of this instrumentality, 
 undoubtedly. Hobbes was an intimate of Bacon, and, we 
 presume, supplied Aubrey with the pleasing information he 
 communicates, that, " in short, all that were great and good 
 loved and honoured him." 
 
 Let us not forget the commendation of our great favour 
 ite, quaint Thomas Fuller : 
 
 He fell into a dislike of Aristotle's Philosophy as barren and 
 jejune, enabling some to dispute, more to mangle, few to find out 
 truth, and none, if confining themselves to his principles. Hence 
 it was that afterwards he traded so largely in experiments: so 
 that, as Socrates is said to be the first who stooped towering specu 
 lations into practical morality. Sir Francis was one of the first who 
 reduced notional to real and scientifical philosophy. . . . His 
 abilities were a clear confutation of two vulgar errors, (libels on 
 learned men :) first, that judgment, wit. fancy, and memory can 
 not conveniently be in conjunction in the same person; whereas 
 our knight was a rich cabinet, filled with all four, besides a golden 
 key to open it. Elocution. Secondly, i That he who is something 
 in all. is nothing in any one art :' whereas he was singular in sm- 
 gvlif, and. being in-at-all, came off with credit. Such who condemn 
 him for pride, if in his place, with the fifth part of his parts, had 
 been ten times prouder themselves. ... He may be said to have 
 left nothing to his executors, and all to his heirs, under which 
 notion the learned of all ages may be held." WorUiies. 
 
 ' Bacon, when like himself for no man was ever more inconsist 
 entsays. Prudens questio dimidum scientize est." COLERIDGE 
 litblf Talk: 
 
 When I look at the mind of Lord Bacon, it seems vast original 
 penetrating, analogical, beyond all competition. When I look at 
 his character, it is wavering, shuffling, mean. In the closing scene, 
 and in that only, he appears in true dignity, as a man of profound 
 contrition." OctTs Remains. 
 
 " Lord Bacon was the greatest genius that England, or perhaps 
 any other country, ever produced." POPK : fence's Anecdotes 
 
 ' In his Xovum Organum he has laid down the whole method 
 that Descartes afterwards followed." LORD BOLIXGBROKE : SPEXCE. 
 
 It is no little satisfaction to observe that the melancholy 
 fall of this great man seems to have excited but little at 
 tention in foreign countries : where known, doubtless in 
 many cases it was attributed to political prejudices, or the 
 effects of that envy and malignity which, as Bacon him 
 self phrases it, makes " greatness the mark, and accusa 
 tion the game." 
 
 Bayle, one of the most inquisitive and gossiping of 
 
 BAG 
 
 encyclopaedists, seems to be ignorant of any criminal 
 charges against the ex-chancellor. His name was in high 
 renown on the continent, and " eminent foreigners crossed 
 the seas on purpose to see and discourse with him." When 
 the Marquis D'Effrat, who caused his Essays to be trans 
 lated into English, escorted Henrietta Maria, the Queen 
 of Charles I., to England, he visited Bacon, and was re 
 ceived by his Lordship, who was confined to his bed by 
 sickness, with the curtains drawn : " You resemble the 
 angels," remarked the Marquis : " we hear those beings 
 constantly talked of, we believe them superior to mankind, 
 and we never have the consolation to see them." His 
 lordship replied that, " If the charity of others compared 
 him to an angel, his own infirmities told him he was a man." 
 Stephens'* Account of Lord Bacon's Life. The Marquis 
 returned home, bearing the philosopher's picture with him, 
 corresponding with him ever after, and esteemed it a pe 
 culiar honour to be styled, by his illustrious friend, his son. 
 We have referred to that memorable dinner at York 
 House, when the Lord Chancellor, with a chosen party of 
 distinguished friends, "celebrated his entrance into his 
 sixtieth year." We shall quote Ben Jonson's poem (a 
 specimen of which we have already given) on this inte 
 resting, we may say august, occasion. As few of our readers 
 have the opportunity of seeing the lines in their original 
 dress, we shall retain the antiquated orthography of the 
 day. The form of the poem 
 
 " Implies a very beautiful fiction ; the poet starting, as it were, 
 on his entering York House, at the sight of the Genius of the 
 place performing some mystery, which, penetrating from the gaiety 
 of his look, affords matter for the compliment :" 
 
 LORD BACON'S BIBTH DAT. 
 " Haile, happie Genius of this antient pile! 
 How comes it all things so about thee smile? 
 The fire, the wine, the men, and in the midst 
 Thou stand'st, as if some mystery thou did'st! 
 Pardon, I read it in thy face, the day 
 For whose returnes, and many, all these pray : 
 And so doe I. This is the sixtieth year, 
 Since Bacon, and thy Lord, was borne and here ; 
 Son to the grave, wise Keeper of the Seale, 
 Fame and foundation of the English weale : 
 What then his father was, that since is he, 
 Now with a title more to the degree. 
 England's High Chancellor! the destined beire 
 In his soft cradle to his father's chair; 
 Whose even thred the Fates spinne round and full, 
 Out of their choycest and their whitest wooll. 
 'Tis a brave cause of joy ; let it be knowne, 
 For 'twere a narrow gladnesse, kept thine owne. 
 Give me a deep-crowned bowle, that I may sing, 
 In raysing him, the wysdome of my King." 
 "Verily every man at his best estate is altogether 
 vanity !" Well was it said by the sage of old" Call no 
 man happy while he lives !" Even then, on that high 
 festal day, the handwriting was on the wall, the decree 
 had gone forth " Thy glory hath departed from thee !" 
 A few weeks more, and he who so proudly entertained the 
 chief estates of the realm on his natal day the man whom 
 the king delighted to honour, the first statesman of his 
 court, and the most illustrious philosopher of - his age 
 bowed his head in agony, and in deepest humiliation ut 
 tered the touching prayer : " I beseech your Lordships be 
 merciful to a broken reed !" 
 
 Let us trust that he proved that "sweet are the uses of 
 adversity !" That in his hour of darkness he could ex 
 claim with the Royal Psalmist, who also "passed through 
 the deep waters :" 
 
 Bonum mini quia humiliasti me : ut discam justificationes 
 tuas!" 
 
 That affliction was thus profitable to him, we have good 
 ground for believing. In that solemn and affecting prayer 
 with which he turned unto the Lord his God, we have evi 
 dence of unfeigned humiliation and heartfelt devotion. 
 Mr. Addison quotes this in the Taller, witb some most ap 
 propriate prefatory remarks : 
 
 " I was infinitely pleased to find among the works of this extra 
 ordinary man a prayer of his own composing, which, for the eleva 
 tion of thought, and greatness of expression, seems rather the 
 devotion of an angel than a man. ... In this prayer, at the same 
 time that we find nun prostrating himself before the great mercy- 
 seat, and troubled under afflictions which at that time lay heavy 
 upon him, we see him supported by the sense of his integrity, his 
 seal, his devotion, and his love to mankind : which give him a 
 much higher figure in the minds of thinking men. than that great 
 ness had done from which he had fallen. I shall beg leave to 
 write down the prayer itself, with the title with it, as it was found 
 amongst his lordship's papers, written in his own hand ; not being 
 able to furnish my readers with an entertainment more suitable 
 to this solemn time." JuOer, 267, December 23, 1710. 
 
 A Prayer, or Psalm, made by my Lord Bacon, Chancellor 
 
 of England. 
 
 "Most gracious Lord God, my merciful Father from my youth 
 up! My Creator, my Redeemer, my Comforter! Thou. O Lord, 
 soundest and searchest the depths and secrets of all hearts ; thou 
 
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 acknowledges! the upright of heart; thou judgest the hypocrite; 
 thou ponderest men's thoughts and doings as in a balance ; thou 
 measurest their intentions as with a line; vanity and crooked 
 ways cannot be hid from thee. 
 
 " Remember, Lord ! how thy servant hath walked before thee ; 
 remember what I have first sought, and what hath been principal 
 in my intentions. I have loved thy assemblies, I have mourned 
 for the divisions of thy church, I have delighted in the brightness 
 of thy sanctuary. This vine, which thy right hand hath planted 
 in this nation, I have ever prayed unto thee that it might have 
 the first and the latter rain, and that it might stretch her branches 
 to the seas and to the floods. The state and bread of the poor and 
 oppressed have been precious in mine eyes ; I have hated all cruel 
 ty and hardness of heart ; I have, though in a despised weed, pro 
 cured the good of all men. If any have been my enemies. I thought 
 not of them, neither hath the sun almost set upon my displeasure; 
 but I have been, as a dove, free from superfluity of maliciousness. 
 Thy creatures have been my books, but thy Scriptures much more. 
 I have sought thee in the courts, fields, and gardens ; but I have 
 found thee in thy temples. 
 
 " Thousands have been my sins, and ten thousands my trans 
 gressions, but thy sanctifications have remained with me, and my 
 heart, through thy grace, hath been an unquenched coal upon 
 thine altar. 
 
 " Lord, my strength ! I have since my youth met with thee in 
 all my ways, by thy fatherly compassions, by thy comfortable 
 chastisements, and by thy most visible providence. As thy fa 
 vours have increased upon me, so have thy corrections; so as thou 
 hast been always near me, Lord ! and ever as my worldly blessings 
 were exalted, so secret darts from thee have pierced me; and 
 when I have ascended before men. I have descended in humilia 
 tion before thee. And now, when I thought most of peace and 
 honour, thy hand is heavy upon me, and hath humbled me ac 
 cording to thy former loving-kindness, keeping me still in thy 
 fatherly school, not as a bastard, but as a child. Just are thy 
 judgments upon me for my sins, which are more in number than 
 the sands of the sea, but have no proportion to thy mercies ; for 
 what are the sands of the sea? Earth, heavens, and all these are 
 nothing to thy mercies. Besides my innumerable sins, I confess 
 before thee, that I am debtor to thee for the gracious talent of thy 
 gifts and graces, which I have neither put into a napkin, nor put 
 it, as I ought, to exchangers, where it might have made best profit, 
 but misspent it in things for which I was least fit ; so I may truly 
 say, my soul hath been a stranger in the course of my pilgrimage. 
 Be merciful unto me, Lord, for my Saviour's sake, and receive 
 me unto thy bosom, or guide me in thy ways." 
 
 When we admire the vast plans of this great architect, 
 and contrast the magnificent design with the compara 
 tively meagre performance, and then remember that the 
 allurements of ambition, and the seductions of pleasure, 
 were sufficiently strong to tempt from his work the wise 
 master-builder, we feel as we should on beholding the 
 gigantic but unfinished proportions of the castle of some 
 Titan, who had left his labour to chase a butterfly, or, in 
 some flowery grove, had wasted the noontide in inglorious 
 repose. 
 
 A new edition of Bacon's works is being pub. by Long 
 mans, ed. by James Spedding, Robert Leslie Ellis, and 
 Douglas Denon Heath. 
 
 Bacon, Henry, b. 1813, at Boston. Ordained, 1834. 
 Christian Comforter; Teachings and Tendencies of Uni- 
 versalism; Sacred Flora; Memoir of Mrs. C. A. Jerauld; 
 pub. more than 50 tracts and sermons. Ed. Ladies' Re 
 pository of Boston 19 years. 
 
 Bacon, Jas. A Catechism and Sermon, 1660. 
 
 Bacon, Jas. 1. The Libertine, 1791. 2. The A. 
 Indian, 1795. 
 
 Bacon, John. Con. to Medical Comm. ii. 296, 1774. 
 
 Bacon, John. Liber Regis, vel Thesaurus Rerum 
 Ecclesiasticarum ; with an appendix, containing proper 
 Directions and Precedents relating to Presentations, In 
 stitutions, Inductions, Dispensations, <fcc., Lon., 1786. 
 
 Bacon, John, 1740-1799, an eminent English sculp 
 tor, wrote the Disquisition on the Character of Painting 
 and Sculpture, pub. in Rees's edition of Chambers' Diction 
 ary ; and assisted Mr. Strutt in his Diet, of Engravers. 
 
 Bacon, John, d. 1820, a native of Connecticut. A 
 Sermon, 1772. Answer to Huntington, 1781. Speech on the 
 Courts of U.S., 1802. Conjectures on the Prophecies, 1805. 
 
 Bacon, Leonard, D.D., b. 1802, at Detroit, Mich., 
 where his father was missionary to the Indians, graduated 
 at Yale College, 1820 ; studied theology at Andover four 
 years, and became pastor of Centre Church, New Haven, 
 Conn., in 1825, which position he still occupies, (1858.) 
 
 1. Select Practical Writings of Richard Baxter, with Life 
 of the Author, New Haven, 1831 ; 2d ed., 1835, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 2. A Manual for Young Church -Members, 1833, 18mo. 3. 
 Thirteen Historical Discourses on the Completion of Two 
 Hundred Years from the beginning of the first church in 
 New Haven, 1839. 4. Slavery discussed, in occasional 
 Essays from 1833 to '46, N. York, 1846, 8vo. His nume 
 rous contributions will be found in the Chris. Spec., 1822- 
 39 inclusive, The New Englander, 1843-58 inc., The 
 Independent, 1849-58 inc., of which journal he is one of 
 the editors. 
 
 Bacon, Matthew. New Abridgment of the Law; 
 6th ed., with considerable additions by C. E. Dodd and Sir 
 Henry Gwillim, Lon., 1832, 8 vols. r. 8vo. 
 
 The second American edition of this excellent work was 
 pub. in 1842-1856, in 10 vols; edited by Judge Bouvier of 
 Philadelphia, well known as the author of the celebrated 
 Law Dictionary, and of the Institutes of American Law. 
 See BOUVIER, JOHN. 
 
 " This work is probably in more general use in the United States 
 than any other English Abridgment of the Common Law. The 
 various titles being written in the form of dissertations renders 
 it quite a law library in itself." See Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 Lord Eldon cited Bacon as an authority. Bouvier's edit, 
 has the advantage of a copious index, which renders it of 
 far greater value than any other edition. 
 
 Bacon, Mary A. 1. Sonnets on Flowers, illuminated 
 by Owen Jones, Lon., r. 8vo. 2. Sonnets on Fruits, illumi 
 nated by Owen Jones, 1848, r. 8vo. 3. Winged Thoughts, 
 illuminated by Owen Jones, 1851, r. 8vo. 
 
 Bacon, Sir Nathaniel, youngest son of Sir Nicholas 
 Bacon, the first baronet. 
 
 " There is in the Additional MS. (in the British Museum, No. 
 397) ' a relation of the state of Francis Spira,' which, it is probable, 
 was written by him." Ease's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Bacon, Nathaniel, grandson of Lord Keeper Bacon, 
 has had attributed to him the authorship of An Historical 
 Discourse of Uniformity of the Government of England, 
 1647-1652. Reprinted in 1672, and in 1682. The pub 
 lisher was prosecuted and outlawed. The Earl of Chatham, 
 in his letters to his nephew, praises this work highly. 
 
 Bacon, Sir Nicholas, 1510-1579, Lord Keeper of 
 the Great Seal in the reign of Elizabeth, father of Francis 
 Bacon, the illustrious philosopher, was educated at Bene't 
 (now Corpus Christi) College, Cambridge. His biography 
 belongs to political, rather than to literary, history. A 
 number of his Speeches are preserved in Collections of 
 MSS., of which Bishop Tanner gives a list. Holinshed 
 ranks him with those who have written something con 
 cerning the History of England. Mr. Masters refers to a 
 commentary by Sir Nicholas upon the 12 Minor Prophets. 
 In 1723 was pub. his Right of Succession in the Stuarts, 
 exclusive of Mary Queen of Scots, defended against Sir 
 Anthony Brown. 
 
 "I have come to the Lord-Keeper and found him sitting in his 
 gallery alone, with the works of Quintilian before him. Indeed, he 
 was a most eloquent man, of rare learning and wisdom as ever I 
 knew England to breed." PUTTENHAM. 
 
 Bacon, Phanuel, d. 1783, Rector of Balden, of 
 Magdalen Coll., Oxf., was author of, The Kite, a Poem, (see 
 Gent. Mag., 1758,-) 5 dramatic pieces, viz.: 1. The Taxes. 
 2. The Insignificants. 3. The Tryal of the Time-Killers. 
 4. The Moral Quack. 5. The Oculist, all, 1757, pub. in a 
 vol., and entitled Humorous Ethics, Ballads, Songs, <fcc. 
 
 Bacon, R. The Labyrinth the Kingdom is in, with 
 a Golden Thread to bring it forth into Light, Liberty, and 
 Peace again, Lon., 1646. 
 
 Bacon, R. N. Prize Essay on the Agriculture of 
 Norfolk, Lon., 1846, 8vo. 
 
 "This work is much esteemed, and contains the sentiments of a 
 sound, practical judge, and of an enlightened writer." Donaldson's 
 Agricidt. Biography. 
 
 Bacon, Robert, 1168P-1248, an eminent English 
 divine, studied at Oxford, where he subsequently read di 
 vinity lectures. Dr. Pegge thinks that he was either eJder 
 brother, or uncle, of Roger Bacon. The latter is the con 
 jecture of Leland also. He wrote, 1. Glosses on the Holy 
 Scripture. 2. On the Psalter. 3. Discourses. 4. Lec 
 tures. Pits, Leland, Hearne, Cave, and other authors, 
 have confounded this Robert Bacon with Roger. 
 
 Bacon, Robt. Miscell. Pieces in Verse, Lon., 1790. 
 
 Bacon, Bakon or Bacun, Roger, 1214-1292, an 
 English monk of the order of St. Francis, Avas born near 
 Ilchester, in Somersetshire. Although living in the cen 
 tury in which a number of great names occur Thomas 
 Aquinas, Alexander Hales, Albertus Magnus, Bonaven- 
 tura, <fec. yet he is certainly second to none, and perhaps 
 deserves to be ranked first. After studying at Oxford, 
 Bacon sought the advantages offered by the University of 
 Paris, then the resort of all desirous of perfecting their 
 education. Here he formed that intimacy with Robert 
 Grosseteste, afterwards Bishop of Lincoln, which proved 
 of such service to him in the prosecution of those studies 
 to which he devoted his life. Pegge and Chalmers deny 
 this intimacy. He was also largely indebted to the patron 
 age of Edmund Price Archbishop of Canterbury, William 
 Shirwood, Chancellor of Lincoln, and Richard Fishacre, 
 a celebrated teacher of the sciences. At Paris he took the 
 degree of doctor of theology, after which, whether in 
 France or England is not known, he assumed the monastic 
 
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 habit of the Franciscans. Returning to England, he set 
 tled at Oxford, where he is supposed to have made his 
 principal experiments in natural philosophy and other 
 branches of science and speculation. It is not a little re 
 markable that he perceived and deplored the insufficiency 
 of that system of philosophy which his illustrious name 
 sake, about four hundred years subsequently, so success 
 fully attacked : referring to the inadequacy of Aristotle's 
 canons to answer the difficulties to which they are applied, 
 he remarks : 
 
 "Si haberem potestatem super libros Aristotelis, ego facerem 
 omnes cremari; quia non est nisi temporis amissio studere in illis, 
 et causa erroris et multiplicatio ignorantiee ultra id quod valeat 
 explicari." 
 
 According to Dr. Hutton, who drew his knowledge " from 
 some scarce books," he expended in twenty years' researches 
 some 2000, a very large sum for the time, supplied by 
 some of the heads of the Universities. His proficiency in 
 learning was wonderful. He is said to have been a perfect 
 master of the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, and to have added 
 thereto a knowledge of the Arabic tongue. He was pro 
 foundly versed in metaphysics, theology, grammar, as 
 tronomy, chemistry, mechanics, logic, chronology, optics, 
 magic, and other departments of learning. He made many 
 extraordinary machines, and was so noted for this skill as 
 to ha,ve the reputation of a magician. He has the credit 
 of having invented the air-pump, the camera obscura, the 
 diving-bell, and gunpowder. Some passages from his 
 works have been cited as a proof of his having invented 
 gunpowder : 
 
 ' ; In omnem distantiam, quam volumus, possumus artiflcialiter 
 coniponere ignem comburentem ex sale petree et aliis. . . . Sed 
 tamen salis petrae luru mvpe, can ubre et sulphuris : et sic fades 
 tonitrum et coruscationem, si scies artificium." Ep. de Secretis 
 Opfrculis Artis et Natural. 
 
 Bacon is one of a number of learned men to whom the 
 vulgar imputed the manufacture of a brazen head which 
 possessed the faculty of speech. His patron, Robert Gros- 
 seteste, Pope Sylvester II., and Albertus Magnus, all had 
 the credit, or discredit, of having formed by magic a won 
 derful head of this character. Though indeed the latter, 
 not satisfied with a head only, made a man complete, who 
 "not only answered questions very readily and truly when 
 demanded," but became so loquacious as to interrupt the 
 studies of Thomas Aquinas ; " he was so flippant with his 
 brazen tongue, that Thomas Aquinas, a reserved and con 
 templative person, and pupil at that time to Albertus Mag 
 nus, knocked the idol to pieces to stop its talking !" Me- 
 thinks we see our reader smile ; perhaps he is incredulous; 
 but these were very wise men, the magicians of the 12th 
 and 13th centuries ! As to Friar Bacon's brazen head, we 
 fi nd in Rose's Biog. Diet., " an abridged version of the legend 
 from a rare tract, entitled The Farmer's Historic of Friar 
 Bacon, 4to, Lon., 1652. Friar Bacon, it is pretended, dis 
 covered after great study, that if he could succeed in 
 making a head of brass which should speak, and hear it 
 when it spoke, he might be able to surround all England 
 with a wall of brass. By the assistance of Friar Bungey, 
 and a devil, likewise called into the consultation, he ac 
 complished his object, but with this drawback the head 
 when finished was warranted to speak in the course of one 
 month, but it was quite uncertain when ; and if they heard 
 it not before it had done speaking, all their labour would 
 be lost. After watching for three weeks, fatigue got the 
 mastery over them, and Bacon set his man Miles to watch, 
 with strict injunctions to awake them if the head should 
 speak. The fellow heard the head at the end of one half- 
 hour say, ' Time is !' at the end of another, ' Time was !' 
 and at the end of another half-hour, 'Time's past!' when 
 down it fell with a tremendous crash, the blockhead of a 
 servant thinking that his master would be angry if he dis 
 turbed him for such trifles ! "We cannot conclude better 
 
 than in the words of the excellent Robert Recorde 'And 
 
 hereof came it that fryer Bakon was accompted so greate 
 a negromancier, which never used that arte, (by any con 
 juncture that I can fynde,) but was in geometrie and other 
 mathematicall sciences so experte, that he could doe by 
 them suche thynges as were wonderful in the sight of most 
 people.' Pathway to Knowledge, 4to, Lon., 1551." A 
 lengthened account of Bacon's experiments and discoveries 
 in the sciences, <fec. does not, of course, come under the 
 bead of literary history. We refer the reader to the Biog. 
 Brit., Rose's Biog. Diet., Cunningham's Biog. History, Ac., 
 ind earlier accounts. His writings were very numerous. 
 Leland complains that Bacon's MSS. were so dispersed, 
 ;hat it would be easier to collect the leaves of the Sybil 
 han the very names of the treatises he wrote. He gives 
 he titles of 30. Bale collected the titles of more than 80. 
 
 ; Pits brings the number up to nearly one hundred ; and Dr. 
 Jebb classifies them, (see Table in Biog. Brit.,) making in 
 Grammar, 5; Mathematics, Physics, Ac., 23; Optics, 10; 
 
 j Geography, 6 ; Astronomy, 7 ; Chronology, 1 ; Chemistry, 
 
 : 9; Magic, 5; Physic, 9; Theology, 6; Logic, Metaphysics, 
 
 j and Ethics, 8 ; Philology and Miscellany, 12. The Opus 
 
 j Majus was published by Dr. Jebb in London, in 1733, and 
 repub. at Venice, 1750. Speculum Alchemic Norib., 1541. 
 De Mirabili Potestate Artis et Nature, Ac., 1542. In 
 Fren-ch, Paris, 1612. Trad, par J. Girard. In English, 
 Lon., 1659. Another trans, under the title, Discovery of 
 
 | the Miracles of Art, Nature, and Magic, Lon., 1657, by T. 
 M. His Chemical tracts will be found in the Thesaurus 
 Chemicus, 8vo, Frankf., 1603. The treatise on the means 
 of avoiding the infirmities of old age was first printed at 
 Oxford in 1590. In this treatise he expatiates upon secret 
 and mysterious medicines. Dr. Richard Brown repub. 
 this work under the title of The Care of Old Age and the 
 Preservation of Youth. Many of his MSS. are unpublished. 
 Computus Rogeri Baconis; Compendium Theologicum, 
 and Liber Naturalium, are in the King's Library. Opus 
 Minus and Opus Tertian are in the Cottonian Library. 
 See Lists of his Works in Biog. Brit., and in Watts Bib. 
 Brit. The monks of his order accused him of converse 
 
 [ with evil spirits, which caused the Pope to have him im 
 prisoned, but he was released by the successor to the papal 
 
 I chair, Clement IV., by whose encouragement he wrote his 
 Opus Majus. 
 
 Dr. Freind considers that since the days of Archimedes 
 the world had seen no greater genius than Roger Bacon. 
 We shall institute no comparison between Roger and his 
 celebrated namesake, the Lord Chancellor. In point of 
 erudition, Roger far surpasses the latter. Gerard Joannes 
 
 i Vossius gives Roger no meagre praise: 
 
 " In the year 1270 flourished in every kind of learning among 
 the English, Roger Bacon, a Monk of the Franciscan order, and an 
 Oxford Divine, a man of such vast learning, that England, nay 
 the whole world beside, had not in this respect his equal, or his 
 second ; yet either through the envy or the ignorance of the age 
 in which he lived, he was stigmatized as a magician." De Na- 
 tura Artium. 
 
 " The mind of Roger Bacon was strangely compounded of al 
 most prophetic gleams of the future course of science, and the best 
 principles of the inductive philosophy, with a more than usual 
 
 1 credulity in the superstition of his own times." HALLAM : Lit. 
 of Europe. See this excellent writer's Resemblance of Roger Bacon 
 
 j to Lord Bacon, in vol. ii., ib. See also Retrospective Review, vol. 
 vii. p. 64. 
 
 Bacon, Thomas. Reliques of Rome, Lon., 1563. 
 
 Bacon, Thomas. Sermons pub. 1749-51. 
 
 Bacon, Thomas, an American Epis. clergyman. 
 Laws of Maryland, 1765. Complete System of the Reve 
 nue of Ireland, 1774. 
 
 Bacon, Thomas, Lt. First Impressions and Studies 
 from Nature in Hindostan, 2 vols., Lon., 1837. 
 
 " The graphic illustrations of this work are creditable to Mr, 
 Bacon's taste and skill as an artist." 
 
 Bacon, Vincent. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1734. 
 Bacon, Wm. A Key to Helmont, Lon., 1682. 
 Baconthorp, Bacondorp or Bacon, John, d. 
 
 1346, was born at Baconthorp, a village in Norfolk. He 
 studied first at Oxford, then at Paris. He was called " The 
 Resolute Doctor." Several of his works have been pub 
 lished : Commentaria seu Quaestiones per quatuor Libros 
 Sententiarum, Mediol., 1510. Six editions. Compendium 
 Legis Christi, et Quodlibeta, Venice, 1527. Philosophia, 
 Aug. Taur., 1667, 3 vols. 4to. A Catalogue of his writings 
 will be found in Leland, Bale, and Pits. Baconthorp was 
 the head of the followers of the philosopher Averroes. 
 Being remarkable for smallness of stature, Pits and Fuller 
 make themselves merry therewith : 
 
 " Erat quidem, ut alter Zachaeus, statura pusillus, sed ingenio 
 magnus, ut mirum sit in tarn exili corpusculo tantas habitasse 
 virtutes, et naturam in tantillo homuncione tarn sublime colo- 
 casse ingenium. Tarn ingentia scripsit volumina, ut corpus non 
 tulisset quod ingenium protulerat. Nam si moles librorum ejus, 
 composita farcina, auctoris humeris imposita fuisset, homulum, 
 sine dubio comprimere suffecisset." 
 
 " He was, like another Zacheus, a very dwarf in stature, but of 
 so great a genius, that it is surprising such exalted virtues should 
 dwell in so small a body, and that nature should have placed so 
 sublime a wit in such an epitome of a man. He wrote such large 
 volumes, that his body could not have sustained the product of 
 his mind. For if the weight of his books, bundled together, had 
 been laid upon their author's shoulder, the little man must un 
 doubtedly have sunk under it." Pits De illus. Angl. Scriptor- in 
 Biog. Brit. 
 
 Fuller, who is so ready in making occasion for a witti 
 cism, of course avails himself of so fair an opportunity as 
 the little Resolute Doctor gives him. 
 
 "First, for the dwarfishness of his stature, 
 
 4 Scalpellum calami atramentum charta libellus.' 
 
BAD 
 
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 His pen-knife, pen, ink-horn, one sheet of paper, and any of his 
 books, would amount to his full height. As for all the books of 
 his own making, put together, their burden were more than his 
 body could bear. Secondly, for his high spirit in his luw body. In 
 deed his soul had but a small diocese to visit, and therefore might 
 the better attend the effectual informing thereof. ... lie groped 
 after more light than he saw, saw more than he durst speak of, 
 spake of more than he was thanked for by those of feisuperstitious 
 order, [English Carmelites,] amongst whom, (saith Bale,) neither be 
 fore nor after, arose the like for learning and religion." Worthies. 
 
 Badcock, R. Horticul. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1746. 
 
 Badcock, Rev. Saml., 1747-1788, a dissenting 
 minister, took orders in the Church -of England in 1787, 
 when he became curate of Broad Clyst. lie was an able 
 contributor to The London Review, London Magazine, 
 General Evening Post, St James Chronicle, and to The 
 Monthly Review. In the last-named periodical, he pub 
 lished a review (June and August, 1783) of Dr. Priestley's 
 History of the Corruptions of Christianity ; it was wittily 
 remarked of this review, that no one save Dr. Priestley 
 would wish it to be shorter. The Doctor took his critique 
 so much to heart, that in less than a month he published 
 in pamphlet form A Reply to the Animadversions, <fcc. 
 in The Monthly Review for June, 1783, <fcc. This was 
 answered in the September number of the Review. The 
 principal point at issue was the Doctrine of the Primitive 
 Church concerning the Person of Christ. This review 
 " was generally admitted to be a most triumphant refuta 
 tion of Dr. Priestley's opinions, as well as one of the most 
 elaborate specimens of criticism that modern times had 
 furnished." Another writer remarks, " Badcock continued 
 his assault, sparing neither the history nor the Defence ; 
 and, in the view of many, demolished the system he had 
 assailed." He pub. some memoirs of the Wesley family, 
 which led to some controversy with the excellent John 
 Wesley. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. v, 
 
 " Mr. Badcock was one of the most distinguished literary men 
 of his day. His judgment was singularly acute and comprehen 
 sive ; his learning profound and various ; his genius fertile and 
 lively, but regulated by a most exquisite taste." Cunningham' 's 
 Biog. History. 
 
 Mr. Nichols introduced Mr. Badcock to Dr. Johnson, and 
 the following letter from Mr. B. to Mr. N., referring to Dr. 
 Johnson's opinion of Priestley, is not without interest : 
 
 " How much I am obliged to you for the favour you did me 'in 
 introducing me to Dr. Johnson ! Tantum vidi Virgilium. But to 
 have seen him, and to have received a testimony of respect from 
 him, was enough. I recollect all the conversation, and sliall never 
 forget one of his expressions. Speaking of Dr. Priestley, (whose 
 writings, I saw, he estimated at a low rate.) he said, ' You have 
 proved him as deficient in probity as he is in learning.' I called him 
 an 'Index Scholar; 1 but he was not willing to allow him a claim 
 even to that merit. He said "that he borrowed from those who 
 had been borrowers themselves, and did not know that the mis 
 takes he adopted had been answered by others.' I often think of 
 our short, but precious, visit to this great man. I shall consider 
 it as a sort of an (era in my life." 
 
 Baddam, Benj. Memoirs of the Royal Society, 
 being a new Abridgment of the Philosophical Transac 
 tions, from 1665 to 1735, inclusive, Lon., 1738-41, 10 vols. 
 4to. For an interesting article relative to the Philosophi 
 cal Transactions, see Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes, vol. i. 
 
 Baddelly,Geo. 12 Sermons,1752. 12Discourses,l766. 
 
 Baddely, R. Theolog. & Polit. pamph., Lon.,1622-53. 
 
 Badelly, John, M.D. Narrative relative to a cure 
 performed by Prince Hohenlohe on Miss B. O'Conor, 3d 
 ed., Lon., 1823. 
 
 Badenock, Jus., M.D. Con. on Med. and Ornitho 
 logy to Med. Obs. & Inq., and Phil. Trans., 1770-71. 
 
 Badeslade, Thos. Nav. of King's Lyn.,1725. River 
 Dee, 1735. 
 
 Badger, C. Admonitions to Parents, Ac., Lon., 1803. 
 
 Badger, J. Cures of the King's Evil by R. touch, 1748. 
 
 Badger, Stephen, of Mass. Discourses, 1774. Let 
 ter reL to the Indians, in Mass. Hist. Coll., 1797. 
 
 Badham, Charles, M.D. Med. Works, &c., Lon., 
 1808 18. 
 
 Badham, C. D. Esculent Mushrooms of England, 
 Lon., 1847, r. 8vo. Prose Halieutics, Ac., p. 8vo. 
 
 Badland, Thos. Sermon, 2 Cor. iv. 18, 1676. 
 
 Baeta, H. X. On Fever & Rheumatism, Lon , 1800 
 
 Baffin, Wm., 1584-1622, a celebrated English navi 
 gator, wrote an account of his voyage under James Hall, 
 in 1612, 
 
 "Which is chiefly remarkable as being the first on record in 
 which a method is laid down for determining the longitude at sea, 
 by an observation of the heavenly bodies." 
 
 He also wrote an account of his voyage under Robert 
 Bylot in 1615. His name will ever be remembered by the 
 Bay discovered byhim,in a voyage made under Bylot inl 616. 
 
 Bage, Robert, 1728-1801, a novelist of considerable 
 talent, whose memory has been honoured by having Sir 
 98 
 
 Walter Scott as his biographer, wrote Mount Heneth, pub. 
 1781 ; Burnham Downs, the Fair Syrian, and James 
 Wallace. William Button gives some particulars of him 
 in his " Life." 
 
 " Mount Heneth became justly popular, from the vivacity of its 
 style and dialogue, and the many well-drawn characters, and 
 apposite reflections on questions of morality and humanity. . . . 
 All his novels were favourably received by the public, as far su 
 perior to the common run of novels." Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Bagford, John, 1650 P-1716, an enthusiastic collector 
 of literary curiosities, was bred to the occupation of a 
 shoemaker, but did not acknowledge the obligation of the 
 old maxim, " Ne sutor ultra crepidam :" but even Apelles, 
 however, would not have desired to restrain the zeal of 
 this useful and amiable lover of antiquities. He became 
 extensively acquainted with old books, prints, and coins, 
 and possessed no slight knowledge of the Roman remains 
 in Britain. Of this there is ample evidence in his curious 
 letter to Hearne, in the 1st vol. of 2d edition of Leland's 
 Collectanea. He did not confine his researches to the 
 book-stalls and shops of London, but travelled abroad for 
 book-sellers and literary gentlemen, enriching their shelves 
 and libraries with his acquisitions. In this way he was a 
 sort of humble Dibdin to the Spensers and Hebers of his 
 time. His private collection of books, title-pages, covers, 
 &c. was very large. As must always be the case with a 
 man whose education has been picked up item by item, 
 without system, he sometimes displays amusing ignorance 
 in conjunction with his knowledge. He projected a history 
 of his favourite art, and, in 1707 published in the Philo 
 sophical Transactions, his " Proposals for a History of 
 Printing, Printers, Illuminators, Chalcography, Paper 
 Making, &c.," price to be 1 for a book of 800 pages. He 
 seems to have lacked encouragement, as the book never 
 appeared. After his death, Lord Oxford purchased his 
 collections and papers for his library. They are now in 
 the Harleian Collection in the British Museum, in 42 folio 
 volumes : but a melancholy sight a portion of them pre 
 sent; for, as Dibdin remarks, 
 
 " A modern collector and lover of perfect copies will witness, 
 with shuddering, among Bagford's immense collection of title- 
 pages, the frontispieces of the Complutensian Polyglot, and Chaun- 
 cy's History of Hertfordshire, torn out to illustrate a History of 
 Printing." 
 
 He was employed as a collector by Lord Oxford, Dr. 
 John Moore, Bishop of Ely, Sir Hans Sloane, Sir James 
 Austin, and others. Mr. Bagford was one of the many 
 ingenious men in the world whose natural talents are con 
 tinually hampered for want of early education. See in 
 teresting accounts of him in Dibdin's Bibliomania, in 
 Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, and Hearne's prefaces to 
 Guil. Roper Vita, D. Thomse Mori, 1716, and to Walter 
 Hemingford's history. "At vero in hoc genera fragmenta 
 colligendi omnes quidem alios quantum ego existimare 
 possum facile superavit JOANUS BAGFORDITJS, de quo apud 
 Hemingum, Ac." We quote a line or so from the Hemingi 
 Wigornensis Chartularium, to which reference is made. 
 
 " Had his education been equal to his natural genius, he would 
 have proved a much greater man than he was. And yet, without 
 this education, he was certainly the greatest man in the world in 
 his way." Dibdin's Bibliomania. 
 
 Baggs, Jeffrey. Essays on Amplification, Lon., 1802. 
 
 Baggs, John. View of the Millennium, Lon., 1798. 
 
 Bagley, Geo. See BAYLEY, GEO. 
 
 Bagley, Wm. The New Practice of the Courts of 
 Law at Westminster, Lon., 1840. 
 
 " The author has attempted to combine the learning and scien 
 tific method of Tidd, with the practical familiarity of Impey. and 
 to condense within the compass of a volume, not only the sub 
 stance of the statutes, rules, and decisions relating to proceedings 
 at law, but minute instructions for taking every step in such pro 
 ceedings." 
 
 The practice of the Chambers of the Judges of the 
 Courts of Common Law, in civil action, Lon., 1834. 
 
 "Mr. Bagley's work is as good as a work can be on the suTject 
 he has chosen. He has attempted, and with as much success as 
 was possible, to do that which is next to impossible, namely to 
 separate the practice at Chambers from the practice of the courts 
 generally." See Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 Bagnal, Thos. The Excellency and Usefulness of 
 Masonry : a Sermon preached before the Free Masons, on 
 Heb. iii. 4, 1767. 
 
 Bagnol, or Bagnall. A Sermon, Lon., 1763. Edu 
 cation, 1765. Trans, of Telemachus into Eng. verse, 1791. 
 
 Bagnol, Robt. The Steward's Last Account, in five 
 Sermons, on 15th St. Luke, Lon., 1622. 
 
 Bagnold, Joseph. Wisdom and Innocency; a Ser 
 mon on Matt, x. 16, 1709. 
 
 Bagot, Daniel. Treatise of the Bankrupt Laws of 
 Ireland, 1795. Other Law Treatises, 1794-1804. 
 
 Bagot, Daniel, Vicar of Neury. 1. Disciples in tho 
 
BAG 
 
 BAi 
 
 Storm. 2. Temptation of Christ in the Wilderness. 3. Trea 
 tise on the Lord's Supper. 4. Treatise on the Transfigu 
 ration. 
 
 Bagot, Lewis, 1740-1802, was successively Bishop 
 of Bristol, Norwich, and St. Asaph. He was educated at 
 Westminster School, and chosen thence student of Christ 
 Church. He pub. a number of theological works, 1772- 
 1790, the principal of which is Twelve Discourses on the 
 Prophecies concerning the first Establishment and sub 
 sequent History of Christianity, preached at the Warbur- 
 tonian Lecture, in Lincoln's Inn Chapel, 1780. 
 
 " Bishop Bagot opened his lectures by preliminary observations 
 on the nature and value of the evidences drawn from prophecies; 
 including some pointed remarks on Lord Monboddo and Mr. 
 Gibbon. The subject of his subsequent discourses were, the pro 
 mise of a second dispensation under the first; the progressive 
 nature of the kingdom of God ; the distinctive characters of the 
 Messiah, and the nature of his kingdom; the time limited by the 
 prophets, and the proofs of its fulfilment; the conformity of the 
 life of Christ and of his kingdom to the predictions ; the prophe 
 cies concerning the latter times ; and the general recapitulation 
 of the whole subject." British Critic, vol. xxvii. p. 653. 
 
 Dr. Bagot has been commended as a man of great learn 
 ing, and of the most gentle and amiable manners. 
 
 Bagot, Richard, Bishop of Oxford. A Charge at 
 his Third Visitation, Oxf., 1838. A Charge at his Fourth 
 Visitation, Oxf., 1842. 
 
 Bagshaw, Edward, 1604-1662, of Brasenose Coll., 
 Oxf., a lawyer who at first opposed the cause of Charles I., 
 but subsequently became one of his adherents, published 
 a number of theological and political works, 1633-1662. 
 Whilst imprisoned by the Parliament, he wrote a treatise 
 which does not argue much respect for the opinion of his 
 judges, viz. : The Rights of the Crown to England, as it is 
 established by Law. This he published very appropriate 
 ly in 1660 the year of the Restoration. The earliest of 
 his publications was the Life and Death of Mr. Robert 
 Bolton, 1633. Mr. Bolton was the author of the well- 
 known treatise, entitled The Four Last Things. Anthony 
 Wood refers to his sitting in " that most wicked conven 
 tion that begun at Westminster, 3 Nov., 1640. But soon 
 after, perceiving full well what mad courses the members 
 thereof took, he left them." He left two sons, Henry and 
 Edward, who are next to be noticed. 
 
 Bagshaw, Edward, 1629-1671, son of the preced 
 ing, was admitted of Christ Church, Oxf., in 1646, and 
 ordained by the Bishop of Exeter, in 1659. It is enough 
 to make him memorable that he was second master of 
 Westminster School, when the famous Dr. Busby was 
 head master. The two dominies could not agree, and 
 Bagshaw was displaced. For some time he was chaplain 
 to Arthur, Earl of Anglesey. Wood gives a long list of 
 writings, principally controversial, directed against Baxter, 
 L'Estrange, Morley, Bishop of Worcester, and others. 
 These publications have sunk into oblivion. He appears to 
 have inherited his father's belligerent spirit, as well as his 
 cacoethes scribendi. Anthony Wood, who seems to spare 
 no man in his wrath, represents young Bagshaw whilst 
 at college as any thing but a modest and well-behaved 
 young man : 
 
 He expressed himself very often intolerably impudent, saucy, 
 and refractory to the Censor, and thereupon was either Sconst 
 [mysterious ceremony!] or put out of Commons. . . . When 
 quadragesimal disputations were publicly performed in the schools, 
 he would, without any provocation, take the questions, either of 
 an under-graduate, or bachelor, purposely to dispute with him, 
 and so consequently show his parts, and be shouldered out, or 
 carried out into the quadrangle on the shoulders of his admirers. 
 ... He showed himself a turbulent and domineering person, not 
 only in his college, but in the University, where 'twas common 
 with him to disturb the Vice-chancellor with interposed speeches, 
 without formalities, and with his hat cocked." Attien. Oxon. 
 
 Added years do not seem to have mellowed his rough 
 temper. Becoming obnoxious to government, he was sub 
 jected to twenty-two weeks' imprisonment in Newgate. 
 He was undoubtedly a man of marked ability, but had too 
 much of thefortiterin re. 
 
 Bagshaw, Henry, 1632-1709, another son of Ed 
 ward Bagshaw, Senior, was educated at Westminster 
 School, and Christ Church, Oxf. He held one of the pre 
 bends in the Church of Durham. He seems to have played 
 the lamb to his brother's lion, being remarkable for in- 
 offensiveness of character. He pub. A Sermon on Ps. xxxvii. 
 37, 1676. DiatribsB, or Discourses upon select texts against 
 Papists and Socinians, 1680, etc. 
 
 Bagshaw, Henry. Sermon, Matt. xxi. 13, 1698. 
 
 Bagshaw, John. Two Sermons,2 Sam. xix.14,15, 1660. 
 
 Bagshaw, William, 1628-1702, a Nonconforming 
 divine, whose zeal and usefulness in the northern parts of 
 Derbyshire acquired for him the title of " The Apostle of 
 the Peak." He pub. a number of works, and left a large 
 
 quantity of MSS. upon various subjects : no less than 50 
 vols. in folio and quarto, written with his own hand. Among 
 his pub. works are, 1. Waters for a Thirsty Soul, in several 
 sermons on Rev. xxi. 6, 1653. 2. The Miner's Monitor, 
 or a Motion to those whose Labour lies in the Lead and 
 other Mines, 1675. 3. De Spiritualibus Pecci, or Notes con 
 cerning the Work of God, and some that have been Work 
 ers together with God, in the High Peak of Derbyshire, 
 Lon., 1702. 
 
 Bagwell, William, an English mathematician and 
 astronomer of the 17th century. Mistery of Astronomy 
 maid plaine to the meanest capacity, Lon., 1655. Sphynx 
 Thebanus, an Arith. Descrip. of both the Globes. The Dis 
 tressed Merchant, 1645. Wit's Extraction, 1664. 
 
 " A curious work, with a portrait, at the back of which is printed 
 a family group, seated at table at an evening party." LOWNDES. 
 
 Baildon, John, joint author with John de Beau- 
 chesne of A Book cont. Divers Sorts of Hands, Lon., 1570. 
 
 Baildon, Jos. Trans, of Mexia's Rarities of the 
 World, Lon., 1651. Wonder of the World,4to, 1656. 
 
 Bailey. History of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1801. Anon. 
 
 Bailey, Abr. The Spightful Sister: A Comedy, 
 Lon., 1667. 
 
 Bailey, Alexander Mabyn. See BAILEY, WM. 
 
 Bailey, B.' Exposition of the Parables of our Lord, 
 Ac., with a Prelim. Dissert, on the Parable Lon., 1828. 
 
 " This work, entirely devoid of an evangelical character, will be 
 found useful to the clerical student, as embodying a copious col 
 lection of annotation, criticism, and disquisition upon the portions 
 of Scripture illustrated." LOWNDES. 
 
 Bailey, Edw., M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1746. 
 
 Bailey, H. Reports of Cases in Court of Appeals, 
 S. Carolina, 1828-1832, 2 vols. Charleston, 1833-1834. 
 Reports of Cases in Equity, argued in Court of Appeals, 
 S. Carolina, Charleston, 1841. 
 
 Bailey, Henry, Curate of Hingham. Rituale Anglo- 
 Catholicum, Lon., 1847. 
 
 Bailey, Henry Ives, Per. Cur. of Drighlington. 
 The Liturgy compared with the Bible, Lon., 1833. 
 
 Bailey, Rev. Jacob, b. 1731, Rowley, Mass. His MS. 
 Journal has been edited by BARTLETT, REV. WM. J., (q. v.) 
 
 Bailey, Jacob Whitman, b. 1811, at Ward, Massa 
 chusetts, grad. at West Point, 1832. Appoin. Prof. Chem., 
 Ac. at the U. S. Military Acad., West Point, 1838. Con 
 tributed various valuable papers in the American Jour, of 
 Science, and in Smithsonian Contributions to Science. 
 
 Bailey, Jas. Hierogly. Origo et Natura, Cantab., 1816. 
 
 Bailey, John. Agricultural Works, &c., 1794-1811. 
 
 Bailey, Margaret L., born at Sussex, Virginia. 
 
 " Mrs. Bailey is favourably known both as a poetess and a prose 
 writer." Woman's Record. 
 
 Bailey, Nathan, d. 1742, a philologist of great abili 
 ties, was the author of the well-known dictionary which 
 bears his name. The 4th edition (1728) was long the only 
 dictionary in general use. It was enlarged into two vols. 
 8vo, 1737, and afterwards issued in folio, by Dr. Jos. Nicol 
 Scott. The last was considered the best edition, and is 
 still a favourite with some students. Johnson's first edi 
 tion of his dictionary was published in 1755. There is a 
 curious anecdote connected with Bailey's work. It was 
 studied through twice, word by word, by Mr. Pitt, after- 
 war,ds Earl of Chatham, the import and mode of construc 
 tion of each word carefully examined, so that the strength, 
 the significance, and the beauty of the English language 
 might be properly understood, and enlisted in the service 
 of oratory when required. Some of the sermons of Bar 
 row, it will be remembered, were committed to memory by 
 Mr. Pitt, for the same purpose. " Probably no man, since 
 the days of Cicero, has ever submitted to an equal amount 
 of drudgery." The effects of this philological training 
 -were witnessed in the copious vocabulary, and precision 
 in application, which distinguished Chatham's elocution. 
 Wilkes, indeed, seems to criticize his language, when he 
 tells us, "he had not the correctness of language so strik 
 ing in the great Roman orator, but he had the verba ar- 
 dentia the bold, glowing words." But Mr. Wilkes's opi 
 nion, upon any subject save the right of suffrage, and 
 choice of rare books, has but little weight with us. Ho 
 race Walpole describes Chatham's language as having 
 been amazingly fine. Not content," says Lord Ly ttle- 
 ton, " to correct and instruct his imagination by the works 
 of men, he borrowed his noblest images from the language 
 of inspiration." 
 
 We should not forget to acknowledge the improvements 
 made in the folio edition of Bailey's dictionary by G. Gor 
 don, who made additions to the mathematical part, Phil. 
 Miller to the botanical terms, and T. Lidiard to the etymo 
 logical portion : the whole being revised by Dr. Scott. 
 
BA1 
 
 BAI 
 
 Dr. Harwood's care was bestowed upon the revision of the 
 8vo edition, of which the 15th edition was pub. about 1759. 
 Mr. Bailey published several other educational works ; and 
 a Dictionarium Domesticum in 1736. 
 
 Bailey, Peter, d. 1823, editor of The Museum, (Lon 
 don,) pub. Sketches from St. George's Fields, by Giorgione 
 di Castel Chiuso. A volume containing some of his epic 
 poetry, entitled Idwal, was printed, but not published. It 
 was founded on the events connected with the conquest of 
 Wales. A Greek Poem of Mr. B.'s was pub. in the Classi 
 cal Journal. His last publication was an anonymous poem 
 in the Spenser measure, called A Queen's Appeal. 
 
 Bailey, Philip James, b. 1816, a member of the 
 Bar, son of the proprietor of the Nottingham Mercury, is 
 the author of Festus, The Angel World, 1850, and Mystic, 
 1855. Few poems upon their first appearance have ex 
 cited so much attention as Festus : 
 
 " It is an extraordinary production, out-Heroding Kant in some 
 of its philosophy, and out-Goething Goethe, in the introduction of 
 the three persons of the Trinity as interlocutors in its wild plot. 
 Most objectionable as it is on this account, it yet contains so many 
 exquisite passages of genuine poetry, that our admiration of the 
 author's genius overpowers the feeling of mortification at its being 
 misapplied, and meddling with such dangerous topics." London 
 Literary Gazette, 1839. 
 
 Mr. Bailey was but about twenty years of age when 
 Festus was finished. It was published in 1839. His youth 
 has probably mitigated the censure to which it is thought 
 Festus is liable for grave errors both of style and senti 
 ment. The second edition, published three years after the 
 first, was much enlarged, and in later editions it has been 
 still further augmented to about three times its original 
 length. " Every line has undergone the refining crucible 
 of the author's brain, and has been modified by the greater 
 maturity of his mind." A late critic, an exquisite poet 
 himself, thus speaks of Mr. Bailey : 
 
 " As a poet in actual achievement, I can have no hesitation in 
 placing him far above either Browning or Stirling. His Festus is 
 in many respects a very remarkable production remarkable alike 
 for its poetic power, and its utter neglect of all the requirements 
 of poetic art. . . . Yet with all these excesses and defects, we are 
 made to feel that Festus is the work of a poet. ... In The Angel 
 World, we have the youthful poet more sobered down ; and the 
 consequent result has been one not exactly to be wished its 
 beauties and its defects are each alike less prominent." Moir's 
 Poet. Lit. of the Past Half -Century. 
 
 The Age : Politics, Poetry, and Criticism. A Colloquial 
 Satire, 8vo, 1858. 
 
 Bailey, Rufus William, b. 1793, at Yarmouth, 
 Maine, graduated at Dartmouth College, 1813. 1. Family 
 Preacher; a vol. of Sermons. 2. Mother's Request. 3. The 
 Issue ; being Letters on Slavery. 4. Manual of Grammar. 
 Bailey, Samuel, b. 1787, at Sheffield, Eng., author 
 of a number of works on Politics, Political Economy, <fcc. 
 Essays on the Formation of Opinions, <fcc. This work, by no 
 means unobjectionable in its tendency, displays consider 
 able ability. Any writer might be proud of the commenda 
 tion of the distinguished authority whom we shall quote : 
 "It would be an act of injustice to those readers who are not 
 acquainted with that valuable volume entitled Essays on the 
 Formation of Opinions, not to refer them to it as enforcing that 
 neglected part of morality. To it may be added a masterly article 
 in the Westminster Review, occasioned by the Essays." SIB JAMES 
 MACKINTOSH : 2d Prel. Diss. to Encyc. Brit. 
 
 Essays on Pursuit of Truth and Progress of Knowledge, 
 8vo ; 2d ed., 1844. Letters on the Philosophy of the Human 
 Mind; 1st Ser., 8vo. Money and its Vicissitudes in Value, 
 1852, 8vo. Review of Berkeley's Theory of Vision, 1841, 
 8vo. Theory of Reasoning, 8vo. Discourses on various 
 subjects before Literary Societies, 1852, 8vo. 
 
 Bailey, T. List of Bankrupts, Dividends, <fcc. for 1804. 
 Bailey, Thomas, 1785-1856, father of the author of 
 Festus. Advent of Charity, and other Poems, 12m6. His 
 tory of Nottinghamshire, 3 vols. r. 8vo. Records of Lon 
 gevity, pub. just before his death. 
 
 Bailey, Walter, M.D. See BALEY. 
 Bailey, Wm. Advancement of Arts, &c.,Lon., 1772-79. 
 A Treatise respecting the Poor in Work-Houses, Lon.,1758. 
 This vol. was pub. by Alex. Mabyn Bailey. 
 
 Bailie, J. K. Fasciculus Inscriptionum Graecarum, 
 Lon., 2 vols. sm. 4to, 1844-46. 
 
 Baillie, Capt. A Solemn Appeal to the Public, 1779. 
 Baillie, Alex. A work on Scottish Calvinism, 1628. 
 Baillie, Geo. On the Bankrupt Laws, 1809. 
 Baillie, Hugh. A Letter to Dr. Shebbeare, 1775. 
 Baillie, Joanna, 1764-1851, one of the most dis 
 tinguished writers in an age prolific in good authors, was 
 born in a 
 
 " Scottish Manse, in the upper dale of the Clyde, which has, for 
 
 its mild character and lavish production of fruit, been termed 
 
 Fruit Land.' . . . One of the finest specimens of the fruit of this 
 
 100 
 
 luxuriant dale is Joanna Baillie, a name never pronounced by Scot 
 or Briton of any part of the empire but with the veneration duo 
 to the truest genius, and the affection which is the birthright of 
 the truest specimens of womanhood." HowitVs Homes of the 2 } oets. 
 Miss Baillie for the principal part of her life was a resi 
 dent of Hampstead, near London, where she died, Feb. 
 23, 1851. She always lived in retirement, and for some 
 years before her death in strict seclusion. While she re 
 ceived visitors, it is stated that nearly all the great writers 
 of the age had, at one time or another, been among her 
 guests. Scott spent many pleasant hours with her, and on 
 her visit to Scotland in 1806 she spent some weeks in his 
 house at Edinburgh. Her last visit to Scott and to Scot 
 land was in 1820. See Life of Scott. 
 
 Their father was a Scottish clergyman; their mother, 
 a sister of the celebrated Dr. William Hunter ; and 
 Matthew Baillie, M.D., another distinguished physician, 
 was brother to Joanna and Agnes. Miss Baillie's earliest 
 poetical works appeared anonymously; her first dramatic 
 efforts were published in 1798, under the title of A Series 
 of Plays, in which it is attempted to delineate the stronger 
 passions of the mind ; each passion being the subject of 
 a tragedy and a comedy. A second edition was demanded 
 in a few months; in 1802, and in 1812 a third volume ap 
 peared. In 1804 she published a volume of Miscellaneous 
 Dramas; and in 1810 The Family Legend, a tragedy, 
 made its appearance. This drama, founded on a Highland 
 tradition, was brought out with success at the Edinburgh 
 theatre, under the auspices of Sir Walter Scott. 
 
 " Jan'y 30, 1810. My Dear Miss Baillie, You have only to ima 
 gine all that you could wish to give success to a play, and your 
 conceptions will still fall short of the complete and decided tri 
 umph of the Family Legend. . . . Every thing that pretended to 
 distinction, whether from rank or literature, was in the boxes, and 
 in the pit such an aggregate mass of humanity as I have seldom, 
 if ever, witnessed in the same place." Scott to Miss Baillie. 
 
 " Miss Baillie's play went oif capitally here. ... We wept till 
 our hearts were sore, and applauded till our hands were blistered: 
 what could we more?" Scott to Mr. Morritt. 
 
 It was played 14 nights, and in 1814 was acted in Lon 
 don. In 1836 our authoress published three more volumes 
 of Plays. Thus an interval of 38 years had occurred be 
 tween the first and the last publication of her dramas. 
 In 1823 the Poetic Miscellanies appeared, containing 
 Scott's dramatic sketch of MacdufFs Cross, some of Mrs. 
 Heman's poetry, and Miss Catherine Fanshaw's jeux 
 d'esprit. A few months before her death, Miss Baillie 
 completed an entire edition of her dramatic works. The 
 Martyr had been published separately. She also pub 
 lished Metrical Legends of Exalted Characters; and A 
 View of the general Tenor of the New Testament regard 
 ing the Nature and Dignity of Jesus Christ. 
 
 Although so advanced in years, Miss Baillie retained 
 the complete possession of her faculties until the last. 
 Lord Jeffrey writes : 
 
 " April 28, 1840. I forgot to tell you that we have been twice 
 out to Hampstead to hunt out Joanna Baillie, and found her the 
 other day as fresh, natural, and amiable as ever ; and as little like 
 a Tragic Muse. Since old Mrs. Brougham's death, 1 do not know 
 so nice an old woman." 
 
 Again, January 7, 1842, he writes : 
 
 " We went to Hampstead, and paid a very pleasant visit to Jo 
 anna Baillie, who is marvellous in health and spirits, and youth 
 ful freshness and simplicity of feeling, and not a bit deaf, blind, 
 or torpid." 
 
 The literary stranger from a distant land sought an in 
 troduction to her whose writings had been " household 
 words" since childhood ; and who, secluded from the busy 
 world, considered herself a mother to the poor, and was 
 by them esteemed the "Lady Bountiful" of the neigh 
 bourhood. 
 
 "I am glad that Mrs. Ellis and you have derived any amuse 
 ment from the House of Aspen. . . . But the Plays of the 1'as- 
 sions have put me entirely out of conceit with my German i/od 
 brat; and "should I ever again attempt dramatic composition, I 
 would endeavour after the genuine old English model." Scott to 
 George Ellis. Esq. 
 
 In a letter to Miss Baillie, dated 1810, Scott remarks: 
 " You say nothing about the drama on Fear, for which you have 
 chosen so admirable a subject, and which, I think, will be in 
 your own most powerful manner. I hope you will have an eye to 
 its being actually represented. Perhaps of all passions it is the 
 most universally interesting." 
 
 We find the tragedy of Fear again referred to, after its 
 publication in the volume issued in 1812 : 
 
 " It is too little to say I am enchanted with the said third 
 volume, especially with the two first plays, which in every point 
 not only sustain, but even exalt, your reputation as a dramatist 
 The whole character of Orra is exquisitely supported, as well t 
 imagined, and the language distinguished by a rich variety oi 
 fancy, which I know no instance of, excepting in Shakspeare. 
 
 " If Joanna Baillie had known the stage practically, she would 
 never have attached the importance she does to the development 
 of single passions in single tragedies : and she would have m 
 vented more stirring incidents to justify the passion of her cha- 
 
BAI 
 
 BAI 
 
 racters, and to give them that air of fatality which, though pecu 
 liarly predominant in the Greek drama, will also be found, to a 
 certain extent, in all successful tragedies. Instead of this, she 
 tries to make all the passions of her main characters proceed from 
 the wilful natures of the beings themselves. Their feelings are 
 not precipitated by circumstances, like a stream down a declivity, 
 that leaps from rock to rock; but, for want of incident, they seem 
 often like water on a level, without a propelling impulse." CAMP 
 BELL : Lift, of Mrs. Siddons. 
 
 We appeal to the reader whether this criticism is not, 
 in fact, just the highest compliment which could have 
 been paid to Miss Baillie's management of her characters. 
 Mr. Campbell's censure really amounts to this : Miss 
 Baillie prefers the exhibition of human nature to catering 
 for stage effect and slavishly following an unnatural code 
 and a heathen morality. Her object was not so much to 
 " take the house by storm," as to take the heart by truth. 
 " That air of fatality," the absence of which Mr. Camp 
 bell deplores, is the very error to be eschewed by the 
 Christian teacher, whose duty it is to illustrate the truth 
 that man, as a free agent, will secure happiness by the 
 practice of virtue, and reap misery as the fruit of vice. 
 Love, Hatred, Fear, Religion, Jealousy, Revenge, and 
 Remorse, may each be made to enforce the truth that 
 " the way of the transgressor is hard," or to impress the 
 mind with the abiding conviction that Wisdom's ways are 
 " ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace." 
 What does Miss Baillie set forth as her own canon ? 
 
 " Let one simple trait of the human heart, one expression of 
 passion, genuine and true to nature, be introduced, and it will 
 stand forth alone in the boldness of reality, whilst the false and 
 unnatural around it fades away on every side, like the rising ex 
 halation of the morning." Preparatory Discourse to first vol. of 
 Dramas, 1798. 
 
 "Joanna Baillie, as the author of Count Basil and De Montfort, 
 is entitled to a much higher place among dramatists than the au 
 thor of Metrical Legends is among mere poets. With much ima 
 ginative energy, much observant thought, and great freedom and 
 force of delineation, together with a fine feeling of nature, and an 
 occasional Massingerian softness of diction, it may be claimed for 
 Joanna Baillie that she uniformly keeps apart from the trite and 
 common-place ; yet we cannot help feeling a deficiency of art, and 
 tact, and taste, alike in the management of her themes and the 
 structure of her verse." Moir's Poet. Lit. of Past Half-Century. 
 
 Baillie, John. A Letter to Dr. , in answer to a 
 
 Tract in the Biblio. Anc. et Mod. Rel. to Freind's Hist. 
 Phys., 1727. 
 
 Baillie, John, Prof, of Arabic, etc. in the New Col 
 lege, Fort William, Bengal. Sixty Tables elucidatory of 
 the 1st part of a Course of Lectures on the Grammar of 
 the Arabic language, Calcutta, 1801, folio. 
 
 Five Books upon Grammar, together with the principles 
 of Inflection in the Arabic language ; collected from an 
 cient MSS., Calcutta, 1802-03, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 " Of all the publications on this department of Literature, these 
 are the most useful and important." DR. ADAM CLARKE. 
 
 Digest of Mohammedan Law, according to the Tenets 
 of the twelve Imans. compiled under the Superintendence 
 of Sir Wm. Jones, Calcutta, 1805, 4 vols. 10 10*. 
 
 ' ; A highly valuable work." LOWNDES. 
 
 Baillie, Marianne. First Impressions on a Tour 
 upon the Continent, in the summer of 1818, through France, 
 Italy, Switzerland, the Borders of Germany, and a part 
 of French Flanders, Lon., 1819. 
 
 " Without being a striking, it is, at least, a superior sort of itine 
 racy. The style is easy, without being very pure, and the whole 
 fashion of the performance is that of & gentlewomanliLe sort, with 
 out those high literary pretensions which sometimes make, and 
 sometimes mar, tourists and writers of other descriptions." Lon 
 don Literary Gazette. 
 
 Lisbon : Manners and Customs of Portugal, 1821-2-3 
 Lon., 1825. 
 
 " These pleasing little volumes, full of feminine vivacity in their 
 descriptions, put it in our power to diversify the graver character 
 of our Reviews with an entertaining selection of Portuguese anec 
 dotes and delineations. A residence of two years and a half in 
 the country, afforded sufficient opportunity for studying the neo- 
 ple and observing their manners, and her pictures are most pin uant 
 and^original." London Literary Gazette. 
 
 " This is a very agreeable book, and a very faithful one for we 
 are well acquainted with the places which it describes, and can 
 vouch for its fidelity." Quarterly Review. 
 
 Baillie, Matthew, M.D., 1761-1823, a very distin 
 guished physician, was the son of the Rev. James Baillie 
 D.D., and Dorothea, sister of the celebrated William and 
 John Hunter : his sister, Joanna Baillie, became as emi 
 nent in the walks of literature as her brother in the graver 
 S"^T^ f medical science. In 1779 he was admitted of 
 Baliol College, Oxf., where he took his degree of physic 
 in 1789. He enjoyed the great advantage of studying 
 under his uncle, William Hunter. Upon the death of the 
 latter, in 1783, he succeeded to the Lectures with Mr Cruik 
 shank, and gained great popularity by the clearness of his 
 demonstrations, and his power of simplifying abstruse 
 
 subjects. Although not successful for some time in obtain 
 ing much practice, his merits gradually, but surely, forced 
 his way, until his fees were known to amount in one year 
 to 10,000. His quickness of perception in ascertaining 
 the localities of disease made him in great request as a 
 consulting physician. In 1810 he was made physician to 
 Geo. III., and a baronetcy was offered to him, but he de 
 clined the honour. 
 
 " No one in his day could compete with him in anatomical know 
 ledge, or in an acquaintance with morbid anatomy, or pathology, 
 which of late years has been so successfully cultivated, and which 
 must in a degree be attributed to the example and renown of 
 ! Baillie." dose's Biog. Diet. 
 
 He was an extensive contributor to various learned 
 Transactions. See Phil. Trans., 1788-89 j Trans. Med. et 
 I Chir., 1793-1800; Med. Trans., 1813-15. Dr. Baillie pub. 
 in 1793, The Morbid Anatomy of some of the most Im 
 portant Parts of the Human Body. 
 
 " This work, like every thing he did, was modest and unpre 
 tending, but it was not on that account the less valued. A 
 j perfect knowledge of his subject, acquired in the midst of the fullest 
 j opportunities, enabled him to compress into a small volume more 
 I accurate and more useful information than will be found in the 
 works of Bonetus, Morgagni, and Lieutaud. This work consisted 
 j at first of a plain statement of facts, the description of the appear- 
 I ances presented on dissection, or what could be preserved and ex 
 hibited ; and he afterwards added the narration of symptoms cor 
 responding with the morbid appearances. This was an attempt 
 of greater difficulty, which will require the experience of successive 
 lives to perfect." SIR CHARLES BELL. 
 
 The Appendix was pub. in 1798 ; the 2d edition, corrected 
 and greatly enlarged, in 1797 ; since which there have been 
 many editions. Two years later he pub. A Series of En 
 gravings, tending to illustrate the Morbid Anatomy of some 
 of the most Important Parts of the Human Body, Fascio. 
 LX.,Lon., 1799-1802. Royal 4to, 2d edition, 1812. 
 
 " His next work was the Illustration of Morbid Anatomy, by a 
 series of splendid engravings ; creditable at once to his own taste 
 and liberality, and to the state of the arts in this country. He 
 thus laid a solid foundation for pathology, and did for his profession 
 what no physician had done before his time." SIR CHARLES BELL. 
 Sir Walter Scott was tenderly attached to Doctor Baillie 
 and his sister Joanna ; on the death of the Doctor, he wrote 
 a most eloquent letter to the poetess, which see in Lock- 
 hart's Life of Scott. 
 
 " We have, indeed, to mourn such a man as, since medicine was 
 first esteemed a useful and honoured science, has rarely occurred 
 to grace its annals, and who will be lamented as long as any one 
 lives who has experienced the advantage of his professional skill, 
 and the affectionate kindness by which it was accompanied." 
 
 " We cannot estimate too highly the influence of Dr. Baillie's 
 character on the profession to which he belonged. I ought not, 
 perhaps, to mention his mild virtues and domestic charities; yet 
 the recollection of these must give a deeper tone to our regret, and" 
 will be interwoven with his public character, embellishing what 
 seemed to want no addition." From Sir Charles BeWsMoae on Dr 
 BaiUie. 
 
 Baillie, Robert, 1597-1662, a Presbyterian divine 
 of considerable note, and Principal of the University of 
 Glasgow, published a number of learned works, 1633-47, 
 and several were pub. after his death. The best-known 
 of the latter is his Letters and Journals, containing an 
 Impartial Account of Public Transactions, Civil, Ecclesi 
 astical, and Military, in England and Scotland, from 1637 
 to 1662 : with an Account of the Author's Life, and Glos 
 sary. This work, the best edition of which was put forth 
 by Mr. Laing in 1841-43, in 3 vols. royal 8vo, was first 
 given to the public in 1775, at the recommendation of Dr. 
 Robertson and David Hume ; it contains much valuable 
 information respecting the Civil Wars, and the Proceed 
 ings of the Westminster Assembly. His Opus Historicum 
 et Chronologicum, Amst., 1663, is a learned work. 
 
 " The author endeavours to give a succinct and connected ac 
 count of sacred and profane history, from the Creation to the Age 
 of Constantine. He divides the Old Testament into seven epochas, 
 and the New Testament into a number more. At the end of the 
 sections, or epochas. he discusses a variety of chronological ques 
 tions, in which he discovers his learning and acuteness." ORME. 
 Bailly, James. Sermons on Hosea ii. 19, Lon., 1697. 
 Bailly, J. S. Letters on the Atlantis of Plato, and 
 Ancient History of Asia, Ac., Lon., 1801, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Baily, Caleb. Life of Jesus, collected in the words 
 of the English Version of the New Testament, Lon., 1726. 
 Baily, Francis, 1774-1844, of the Stock Exchange, 
 was the founder of the Astronomical Society and the 
 principal contributor to its Memoirs. 1. Tables for the 
 Purchasing and Renewing of Leases, 1802-07-12, 8vo. 2. 
 Doctrine of Interest and Annuities, 1808, 4to. 3. Doctrine 
 of Life Annuities and Assurances, 1810, 8vo. 4. Account 
 of several Life-Assurance Companies, 1810-11, 8vo. 5. 
 Life of Flamsteed : see FLAMSTEED. 
 
 Baily, John, 1643-1697, a native of Lancashire, 
 England, emigrated to New England in 1684, and was 
 ordained minister of Watertown in 1686. In 1692 he re- 
 
 101 
 
BAI 
 
 moved to Boston, where he resided until his death. He 
 pub. an Address to the people of Limerick, and a Sermon 
 preached at Watertown in 1689. His brother Thomas 
 wrote some Latin odes at Lindsay in 1668, which are in MS. 
 in the library of the Mass. Hist. Society. 
 
 Bailzie, or Baillie, Wm., M.D., a Scottish physi 
 cian of the 15th century, was a defender of the Galenic 
 system, in preference to the Empiric. He wrote Apologia 
 pro Galeni doctrina contra Empiricos, Lyons, 1552. Mac 
 kenzie ascribes to him, De Quantitate Syllabarum Grseca- 
 rum et de Dialectis; pub. in 1600. 
 
 Bain, or Bairn. Faith's Reply, Ac. Death of Col. 
 Velly, 1805-06. 
 
 Bain, Wm., R.N. Variation of the Compass, 181T. 
 Bainbridge, C. G. The Fly Fisher's Guide ; illus 
 trated by Coloured Plates, representing upwards of forty 
 of the most useful Flies, accurately copied from Nature, 
 Liverp., 1816, 8vo, 15s. 12 copies coloured with great care, 
 Bot intended for sale, 4to, 2 2*. 
 
 Bainbridge, John, 1582-1643, an eminent physi 
 cian and astronomer, a student of Emanuel ColL,. Gam- 
 bridge. In 1619 Sir Henry Savile appointed him his first 
 Professor of Astronomy at Oxford. He pub. An Astro 
 nomical Description of the late Comet, Nov. 18, 1618, to 
 16th Dec., Lon., 1619. Procli sphaera de Hypothesibus 
 Planetarum Ptolemaei, Lon., 1620. Canicularia, Oxf., 1648. 
 " He left all his papers to Archbishop Usher. They are now in 
 the library of Trinity Coll., Dublin. Among them are several un 
 published works : 1. A Theory of the Sun. 2. A Theory of the 
 Moon. 3. Discourse concerning the period of the year. 4. Two 
 Books of Astronomical Calculations. 5. Miss. Papers on Math, 
 and Astron. A large collection of his scientific correspondence, 
 with drafts of his own letters, are also preserved in the same 
 library ; including some from Edward Wright, one of the most 
 celebrated astronomers of his day, and, we believe, the only me 
 morials of him that are now extant." See Smith's Vita Erudit. ; 
 Biog. Brit; Athen. Oxon.; Hose's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Bainbridge, Wm. A Practical Treatise on the Law 
 of Mines and Minerals, Lon., 1841. 
 
 " The author, a resident in the mining district, has the honour 
 of first producing a regular legal treatise- upon the law of mines. 
 The work is ably written, and deserves to be more generally known 
 in this country, [America,] where the enterprise of the people has 
 already opened so many sources of mineral wealth." Marvin's 
 Legal BiU. 
 
 Baine, Bernard. Con. to Med. Obs. & Inq., 1762. 
 Baine, Duncan. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess. 1736. 
 Baine, James. Sermon,1758. Discourses, Edin.,1778. 
 Baine, Paul. Mirror of God's Love. ASer.,Lon.,1619. 
 Baines, Edward, 1774-1848, b. at Ripon, Yorkshire. 
 History of the Wars of the French Revolution, 1814, con 
 tinued under the title of a History of the Reign of George 
 the Third. History, Directory, and Gazetteer of the County 
 of York, 1822, '23. A similar work for the county of Lan 
 caster, 1824, '25. Enlarged as a History of the County 
 Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster, 1836. See Life by his 
 son, E. B., 1851. In 1801, he purchased the copyright of 
 the Leeds Mercury, which he pub. until his death. 
 
 Baines, Edward, b. 1800, son of the preceding. 
 History of the Cotton Manufacture, 1835, 8vo. He became 
 a partner in the Leeds Mercury in 1827, which he has con 
 tinued to conduct since his father's death. 
 
 Baines, John, 1786P-1835, a mathematician of note, 
 who contributed largely to the mathematical periodicals 
 of the day. See the name in Rose's Biog. Diet., where 
 will be found an interesting paper upon the subject of 
 mathematical studies in England during the last century. 
 Baines, John. Danger to the Faith, [on the Papal 
 Aggression,] Lon., 1850. 
 
 Baines, John, or Edward. Essay on Fate, 1806. 
 Wars of the French Revolution, 1816-18. 
 
 Baines, Thomas, b. 1802, son of Edward Baines, 
 for many years editor of the Liverpool Times. History of 
 the Commerce of the Town of Liverpool, 1852, Lon., r. 
 8vo. Scenery and Events in South Africa, Part 1, fol. 
 
 Baird, Robert, D.D., b. 1798, in Fayette county, 
 Pennsylvania, has become widely known in America and 
 Europe by his labours for the extension of the Protestant 
 religion. Dr. Baird has published a number of works, 
 some of which have been translated into foreign tongues. 
 A View of the Valley of the Mississippi, Phila., 1832. 
 History of the Temperance Societies : in French, Paris, 
 1836 ; translated into German, Dutch, Swedish, Finnish, 
 and Russian. A View of Religion in America, Glasgow, 
 1842 : translated into French, German, Dutch, and Swed 
 ish. Protestantism in Italy, Boston, 1845. The Christian 
 Retrospect and Register, New York, 1851. See Men of 
 the Time. History of the Waldenses, Albigenses, and 
 A^audois. Visit to Northern Europe. Besides these and a 
 102 
 
 BAR 
 
 few other works, Dr. Baird has been an extensive con 
 tributor to periodical literature, and has embodied the re 
 sults of his observation in foreign countries in popular 
 lectures, which have been frequently delivered in several 
 of the larger cities of the United States. Sketches of 
 Protestantism in Italy, Past and Present; including a 
 Notice of the Origin, History, and Present State of the 
 Waldenses, new edition, much improved, portrait of the 
 Duchess of Ferrara, 12mo. 
 
 " A most interesting volume, which has had great success in 
 America. The present edition contains many important additions, 
 collected during the author's third Tisit to Italy in Dec., 1846, and 
 now first published." 
 
 Dr. Baird's sons inherit the literary taste of their father. 
 The Rev. Chas. W. Baird had charge of a Protestant chapel 
 at Rome, and another son has gained distinction by his 
 proficiency in Greek literature. 
 
 Baird, Spencer F., b. 1823, at Reading, Penn.,Prof. 
 Nat. Sci., Dickinson Coll. Asst. Sec. Smithsonian Inst. 
 The able editor and translator of the Iconographic En 
 cyclopedia, 4 vols. 8vo, 2 vols. plates, 500 steel plates, N. 
 York, 1851. Author of various minor papers on Zoology, 
 and of reports on Natural History collections made by 
 Capt. Stansbury, Capt. Marcy, Lieut. Gilliss, the U.S. 
 and Mexican Boundary Survey, and the Pacific R.R. 
 Survey. 
 
 Baird, Thomas. Gen. View of the Agriculture of 
 the county of Middlesex, <fec., Lon., 1793, 4to. 
 
 " The matter is well arranged, and very sensibly expressed. It 
 was the first report of the county of Middlesex, and was followed 
 by those of Foot and Middleton." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Baird, Thomas. A Treatise on the laws of Scot> 
 land, relative to master and servant, and master and ap 
 prentice, Edin., 1841. 
 
 " A learned, elaborate, carefully written, and authoritative trea 
 tise." Marvin's Legal BiU. 
 
 Bairdy, John. Balm from Gilead, Lon., 1681. 
 
 Bairn, John. See BAIN. 
 
 Baitman, Geo. The Arrow of the Almighty shot 
 against the Uncalled Ministers of England, Lon. 
 
 Baker. On Small Pox. Mem. Med., 1792. 
 
 Baker, Aaron. Sermon, 2 Sam. xv. 31, Lon., 1678. 
 
 Baker, Anne. Glossary of Northamptonshire, 2 
 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 Baker, Arthur. Sermons on Holy Joy, Lon., 1847. 
 
 Baker, Benj. Franklin, b. 1811, in Massachusetts. 
 Musical Author. Ed. Choral, Timbrel, Haydn, Union 
 Glee-Book, Theory of Harmony, School Chimes, <fec. Ac. 
 
 Baker, Charles, superintendent of the Yorkshire In 
 stitution for the Deaf and Dumb at Doncaster, England. 
 His contributions to the Penny Cyclopedia in 1835 on the 
 Deaf, Dumb, and Blind, and to the publications of the Soc. 
 for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, have been pub 
 lished in 1 vol. 8vo. 
 
 Baker, D. Poems, Hicathrift; duellum,etc.,Lon.,1697. 
 
 Baker, D. B. Nature and causes of doubt in reli 
 gious questions, (Anon.,) Lon., 1831. Discourses to a Vil 
 lage Congregation, Lon., 1832. 
 
 Baker, Daniel. Relation of some of the cruel suf 
 ferings of Kath. Evans, and Sar. Chevers, in the Inquisi 
 tion at Malta, Lon., 1662. 
 
 Baker, Daniel, D.D., Prest. of Austin College, Texas, 
 a Presbyterian minister. Affectionate Address to Mothers, 
 Phila., 18mo. Affectionate Address to Fathers, ISmo. A 
 Plain and Scriptural View of Baptism, ISmo. Revival 
 Sermons, 12mo ; 1st and 2d series. The 3d ed. of the First 
 Series was pub. in 1855. 
 
 Baker, David, or Father Augustin, 1575-1641, 
 made collections for ecclesiastical history, which are sup 
 posed to be lost. Reyner's Apostolatus Benedictoruin in 
 Anglia is said to be chiefly derived from Baker's MSS. 
 Hugh Cressy's Church History owes much to the labours 
 of Baker. Cressy pub. at Doway, 1657, Sancta Sophia, 
 or Directions for the Prayer of Contemplation, extracted 
 out of the treatises written by F. Aug. Baker. 
 
 Baker, David Erskine, d. 1767 ? was the first com 
 piler of the Biographia Dramatica, which appeared in 2 
 vols., 1764. It was continued to 1782 by Isaac Reed, and 
 brought down to the end of November, 1811, by Stephen 
 Jones. The whole work is comprised in three volumes, 
 bound in four, Lon., 1812. He was also the author of 
 some fugitive poetry, of The Muse of Ossian, Edin., 1763, 
 and of some papers in the Phil. Trans., 1747-54. He was 
 a grandson of the celebrated Daniel Defoe. For a severe 
 critique, by Octavius Gilchrist, on the enlarged edition of 
 the Biographia Dramatica, see the Quarterly Review, vu. 
 283-93 : this was answered by Jones in a pamphlet enti 
 tled Hypercriticism Exposed, 1812. 
 
 
BAK 
 
 Baker, Ezekiel. A work on Rifle Guns, Lon., 1805. 
 
 Baker, Geoffrey, a monk of Oseney, trans, into 
 Latin, in 1347, Thomas De La More's French History of 
 the reigns of Edward I. and Edward II. Camden pub 
 lished his chronicle. TANNER. 
 
 Baker, George, d. 1599? surgeon in ordinary to 
 Queen Elizabeth, pub. a number of professional works, 
 1574-79, and trans, into English, from the French, the 
 Apologie and Voyages of Ambrose Pare. 
 
 Baker, George, Archdeacon of Totness, and father 
 of Sir Geo. Baker, the distinguished physician. The Re 
 spect due to a Church of God, 1 Cor. xi. 22, 1733. 
 
 Baker, George. Trans. The History of Rome, by 
 Titus Livius, Lon., 1797. The Unitarian Refuted, 1818. 
 
 Baker, George. Navy of England, and other 
 Poems, 1807, Ac. 
 
 Baker, George. History and Antiquitiesof North 
 amptonshire, 2 vols. in 4 parts. Imp. folio, 1822-36, 
 large paper, pub. at 25 4*. ; small paper at 12 12*. 
 
 " One of the most valuable topographical works ever published, 
 displaying the most minute research aud industry." LOWNDES : 
 Notice of Parts I. and II. 
 
 Part IV., being the first of vol. ii., was pub. in 1836. 
 This portion comprises the whole of the two Hundreds of 
 Norton and Cleley, the former containing nine parishes, 
 and the latter thirteen. It also contains a variety of other 
 interesting and valuable matter. Part V. was published 
 in 1841. This is but a fragment, a third of one of the 
 usual numbers ; yet embracing the entire history of the 
 Hundred of Towcester. 
 
 " The History of Northamptonshire has not been exempt from 
 the usual difficulties appertaining to works of a topographical na 
 ture, yet. under all hinderances, it has gradually, though slowly, 
 progressed, whilst each successive portion has been as ably pro 
 duced ; and each has been made as singularly valuable as the pre 
 ceding ones, for its manorial history, for the accurate fulness of 
 its pedigrees, [in which matter Mr. Baker had to contend with 
 great difficulties,] and for the comprehensive account of the respect 
 ive parishes or hamlets that were brought under review." Lon. 
 Gent. Mag., 1841. 
 
 See this periodical for an interesting account of the dis 
 couragements under which Mr. Baker found himself 
 placed. At the time of the publication of Part V. he had 
 suffered a loss of no less than 220 subscribers since he 
 first issued his prospectus. The arduous labours of such 
 able and indefatigable topographers should be encouraged 
 by hearty co-operation and a spirit of prompt liberality. 
 
 Baker, Sir George, Bart., M.D., 1722-1809, was 
 the son of the Rev. George Baker, archdeacon and regis 
 trar of Totness. He was entered at King's College, Cam 
 bridge, in 1742, and took the degree of M.D. in 1756. 
 He was honoured by the appointment of physician in or 
 dinary to Queen Charlotte, and afterwards to Geo. III. 
 
 Sir George was eminent as a classical scholar; both his 
 Latin and English compositions have been highly com 
 mended by severe judges. He pub. Dissertatio de Affec- 
 tibus Animi, Cantab., 1755. Oratio Haveriana, Lon., 
 1755, 1761. Calci Oratione, Lon., 1761. De Catarrho et 
 de Dysenteria Londinensi Epidemicis utrisque, 1762. An 
 Inquiry into the Merits of a Method of Inoculation of the 
 Small Pox, which is now practised in several of the coun 
 ties of England, Lon., 1766. An Essay concerning the 
 cause of the Endemial Colic of Devonshire, Lon., 1767. 
 Opuscula Medica, iterum edita, Lon., 1771. He also con 
 tributed to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1762, 78, and 85; and to 
 Med. Trans., 1785. 
 
 " He died in his 88th year, after having passed a long life with 
 out any of those infirmities from which he had relieved thousands 
 in the course of his practice ; and died so easily, and apparently 
 so free from pain, that the remarkable words of Cicero may be said 
 of him, Non iUifuit vita erepta, sed mors donata : ' He was not de- 
 
 g rived of life, but presented with death.' 'Dieu', says Bishop 
 ossuet, on the death of a great man, ' ria, pas lui ote la vie, mais 
 lui a fait un present de la mart.' No man, perhaps, ever followed 
 the career of physic, and the elegant paths of the Greek and Ro 
 man Muses, for the space of several years, with more success than 
 Sir George Baker ; the proofs of which may be seen in his pub 
 lished and unpublished works, the splendour of his fortune, the 
 esteem, respect, and admiration of his contemporaries." Nichols's 
 Literary Anecdotes, vol. iii. 
 
 Baker, Henry, 1703-1774, a learned naturalist, with 
 some pretensions as a poet. An Invocation to Health ; a 
 Poem, Lon., 1722. Original Poems, 1725-26. The Mi 
 croscope made easy, a work highly commended, Lon., 
 1743: several editions; trans, into German, Amst., 1744. 
 Employment for the Microscope, Lon., 1753. The Uni 
 verse; a Philosophical Poem, intended to restrain the 
 pride of Man : often reprinted. He contributed to the 
 Lin. Trans., 1740 ; to the Phil. Trans., 1744, '48, '50, '55, 
 '57, and '60. Mr. Baker was very successful in imparting 
 knowledge to the deaf and dumb, of which art he made a 
 profession. He married the youngest daughter of Daniel 
 
 BAK 
 
 Defoe. The Bakerian Lecture of the Royal Society was 
 founded by this gentleman. 
 
 Baker, Henry, son of the preceding, wrote Essays, 
 Pastoral and Elegiac, Lon., 1756. 
 
 Baker, Humphrey. The Weil-Spring of Science, 
 Lon., 1562 : a very popular work on arithmetic. 
 
 " Of all werks on arithmetic prior to the publication of Cocker's 
 celebrated book on the same subject, (1668,) this of Baker's ap 
 proaches nearest to the masterpiece of that celebrated arithmetician. 
 ... It continued to be constantly reprinted till 1687, the latest 
 edition we have met with." Rose's Biog. Diet. 
 
 He translated from the French, Rules and Documents 
 concerning the Use and Practice of the Common Alma 
 nacs, Lon., 1587. 
 
 Baker, J. His. of the Inquisition in Spain, &c^ 
 Weston, 1734. 
 
 Baker, J. B. Grammar of Moral Philos. and N. 
 Theol.,1811. 
 
 Baker, James. Guide of Wales, 1795. Imperial Guide. 
 
 Baker, John. Lectures upon the Articles, Lon., 
 1581-3-4. 
 
 Baker, John W. Experiments in Agricult., vol. vi. 
 1665, 8vo. 
 
 Baker, Osman C.,b. 1812, at Marlow, N.H., Bishop 
 M. E. Church. 1. Discipline of the M. E. Church, 12mo, 
 pp. 253. 2. Last Witness, 24mo, pp. 108. 
 
 JBaker,Peter. Exposition on Acts xi. 27-30,Lon.,1597. 
 
 Baker, Rachel. Sermons del'd during Sleep, 1815. 
 
 Baker, Richard. Idea of Arithmetick, Lon., 1655. 
 
 Baker, Richard, Chap, to the Brit. Residents at 
 Hamburg. The German Pulpit: being a Selection of 
 Sermons by the most eminent modern Divines of Ger 
 many, Lon., 1829. 
 
 Baker, Richard, pub. several theolog. works, Lon., 
 1782-1811. The Psalms of David Evangelized, 1811. 
 
 " A practical work, adapted to the use of serious people ; ena 
 bling them to read the Psalms with understanding and devotion. 
 ... It will be found both pleasant and profitable to pious per 
 sons." Evangelical Magazine. 
 
 Baker, Sir Richard, 1568F-1645, the grandson of 
 Sir John Baker, chancellor of the exchequer to Henry VIII., 
 was born at Sissingherst, in Kent. In 1584 he was en 
 tered as commoner at Hart Hall in Oxford, where he re 
 mained for three years. In 1603 he was knighted by King 
 James I. He married a daughter of Sir George Mainwar- 
 ing of Ightfield, in Shropshire ; and becoming surety for 
 the obligations of some members of this family, he was 
 stripped of his property, and thrown into the Fleet prison, 
 where he remained until his death. 
 
 He turned author in the hope of soothing his sorrows, 
 profitably employing his time, and providing for his ne 
 cessities. His earliest work bears date 1636, when the 
 author was 67 or 68 years of age. It is entitled Cato Va- 
 riegatus, or Cato's Moral Distiches varied. This is a poem. 
 In addition to his " Chronicle," of which we shall speak 
 presently, he published a number of other works, the prin 
 cipal of which are : Meditations and Disquisitions on the 
 Lord's Prayer, 1637. This attained its 4th edition in 1640. 
 Sir Henry Wotton,. his quondam fellow-studnt, examined 
 this work in MS.,, and spoke of it in the following hand 
 some manner : 
 
 1 " I much admire the very character of your style, which seemeth 
 to me to have not a little of the African idea of S. Austin's Age ; 
 full of sweet raptures, and of researching conceits ; nothing bor 
 rowed, nothing vulgar, and yet all flowing from you (I know not 
 how) with a certain equal facility." 
 
 Meditations and Disquisitions on the three last Psalms 
 of David, 1639. On the 50th Psalm ; the 7 Penitential 
 Psalms ,- the first Psalm ; the seven Consolatory Psalms, 
 1639-1640. Med. and Prayers on the 7 days of the week, 
 1640. Apology for Laymen's writing Divinity, 1641. 
 Theatrum Redivivum, in answer to Mr. Piynne's Histrio- 
 Mastrix, 1662. Theatrum Triumphans. The two last are 
 ascribed to him, though not pub. until after his death. It 
 is supposed that Archbishop Williams purchased our au 
 thor's books for 500. He made some translations from 
 the French and Italian;. 
 
 Sir Richard is best known by the- Chronicle of the Kings 
 of England, (1641,) which was the historical treasury of 
 our ancestors before the publication of Rapin's History. 
 It was repub. in 1653 and 1658. To the last edition was 
 added the reign of Cha-rlea I., with a continuation to 1658, 
 by Edward Phillips, nephew to Milton. A fourth edition 
 appeared in 1665, with a continuation to the coronation of 
 Charles II. The Account of the Restoration was princi 
 pally written by Sir Thomas Clarges, (brother-in-law of 
 the Duke of Albemarle,) though adopted by Phillips. 
 | Thomas Blouat published a severe criticism upon the 
 i work, unde-r the title of Animadversions upon Sir Richard 
 
BAK 
 
 Baker's Chronicle and its Continuation, which Anthony 
 Wood considered to be well deserved : 
 
 " But so it was, that the Author Baker, and his continuator 
 Phillips, having committed very many errors, Thorn. Blount pub. 
 Animadversions, &c. . . which book containing only a specimen of 
 the errors, it may easily be discerned what the whole Chronicle j 
 containeth." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Another ed. 1684. Another abridged, and a continua 
 tion to 1726, was pub. 1730. In all, 12 editions have been 
 printed. Another in 1733, called the best edition, but it 
 lacks many curious papers contained in the early editions, 
 especially in the first ed., (1641.) 
 
 Thomas Blount was not the only censurer of Sir Rich 
 ard's Chronicle. Bishop Nicolson remarks that 
 
 " The author was a person of those accomplishments in wit and 
 language, that his Chronicle has been the best read and liked of 
 any hitherto published ; the method is new, and seems to please 
 the rabble ; but learned men will be of another opinion." Histori 
 cal Library, Part i. 
 
 "It is a very mean and jejune performance; and nowise to be 
 relied upon." Biog. Brit. 
 
 "Being reduced to method, and not according to time, pur 
 posely to please gentlemen and novices, many chief things to be ob 
 served therein, as name, time, &c. are egr'egiously false, and con 
 sequently breed a great deal of confusion in the peruser, especially 
 if he be curious or critical." A. WOOD. 
 
 In utter contempt of the critics, edition after edition 
 appeared, with all the old blunders and erroneous dates 
 repeated. The edition of 1730 contains corrections of 
 Baker's errors ; but then Phillips's continuation is corrected, 
 many public places, lists of names, &c. being omitted, or 
 the substance only of them given. So we say with the 
 Hebrew of ancient time " The old is better." 
 
 Bishop Nicolson complains that 
 
 " So little regard have we for truth, if a story be but handsomely 
 told, the chronicle has been reprinted since that time, and sells as 
 well as ever notwithstanding that no notice is taken of the ani 
 madversions, but all the old faults remain uncorrected." 
 
 It was a great book for the country squire's round-table ; 
 the companion of the Family Bible, the dog-eared, pie- 
 crusted Shakspeare, and Fox's Book of Martyrs. Sir 
 Roger de Coverley knew and loved it, for Addison tells us 
 that he found 
 
 " Since I was with him in the country, he had drawn many ob 
 servations together, out of his reading in Baker's Chronicle." 
 Spectator, No. 269. 
 
 But Daines Barrington seems to think that this notice 
 did not benefit Baker's reputation any : 
 
 " Baker is by no means so contemptible a writer as he is gene 
 rally supposed to be : it is believed that the ridicule on his Chroni 
 cle, arises from its being part of the furniture of Sir Roger de 
 Coverley's hall in one of the Spectators." 
 
 But who doubts that this notice by Addison has sold 
 many hundreds of copies since ? Nay, who does not feel a 
 violent desire to possess the book himself, when he is told 
 that the good Sir Roger thumbed its pages, and drew from 
 them his " many observations ?" 
 
 How Dibdin can so misrepresent Anthony Wood as to 
 charge him impliedly with commending Baker's work, we 
 cannot understand. Anthony Wood does any thing else, 
 as we have just shown ; and as the reader will see at large 
 by referring to the Athen. Oxon. Dibdin likewise does 
 great injustice to Baker in presuming that he was " a gay 
 and imprudent man," because he died in the Fleet prison. 
 Imprudence, indeed, of one description brought him into 
 the prison ; but not that kind of imprudence for which gay 
 men are generally reproached. 
 
 Baker made no secret of his opinion as to the merits of 
 his Chronicle. He was not like some authors who apologize 
 for writing until we wonder why they have written, and 
 then deplore their many faults, until we marvel they have 
 not thrown their hooka into the fire. On the contrary, 
 Sir Richard assures us that his 
 
 " Chronicle was collected with so great care and diligence, that 
 if all other of our Chronicles were lost, this only would be suffi 
 cient to inform posterity of all passages memorable or worthy to 
 be known." 
 
 Having thus kindly dispelled any fears which the world 
 might entertain of the consequences of a general literary 
 conflagration, Sir Richard goes on in the same liberal 
 spirit, to assure his readers that he gives them " all pas 
 sages of State and Church ;" and determined to satisfy 
 every craving for information however extravagant, he 
 promises to record "all other observations proper for a 
 Chronicle." This is tolerably liberal ; but nothing is too 
 large for Sir Richard's charity. What entertainment did 
 that Goth of a son-in-law of his keep from us that " one 
 Smith," as he is contemptuously denominated, and rightly 
 enough, when with unhallowed hands he destroyed Sir 
 Richard's autobiography ! 
 
 Fuller speaks of him affectionately : 
 
 " His youth he spent in learning, the benefit whereof he reaped 
 in his old age, when his estate through suretyship (as I have heard i 
 104 
 
 BAK 
 
 him complain) was very much impaired. But God may smile on 
 them on whom the world doth frown; whereof his pious old age 
 was a memorable instance, when the storm on his estate forced 
 him to fly for shelter to his studies and devotions, lie wrote au 
 ' Exposition on the Lord's Prayer,' which is co-rival with the best 
 comments which professed divines have written on that subject " 
 Worthies. 
 
 Baker, Robt., d. 1580 ? wrote in verse an account of 
 two voyages he made to Guinea in 1562-63. See Hakluyt's 
 Collection. 
 
 Baker, Robert. Cursus Osteologicus, Lon., 1697. 
 
 Baker, Robert. Witticisms and Strokes of Hu 
 mour, 1766. 
 
 Baker, S. Manners and Gust, of the Turks, Lon., 1796. 
 
 Baker, Saml. Sermons, pub. 1710-29. 
 
 Baker, Saml. Rebellion ; Ser. on Mark vii. 13, 1745. 
 
 Baker, S. W. 1. Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon, 
 Lon., 1856, Svo. 2. The Rifle and the Hound in Ceylon, Svo. 
 
 Baker, T. Poem on Winter, &c., 1767. 
 
 Baker, Thomas, Rector of Stanmercum-Falmer, 
 Sussex. Sermons extracted from the Lectures of Bishop 
 Porteus, intended for the use of the younger clergy and 
 for families, Lon., 1817. 
 
 Baker, Thomas, 1625-1690, an English mathema 
 tician of note, born at Ilton in Somersetshire, entered at 
 Oxford in 1640. He pub. The Geometrical Key, or the 
 Gate of Equations Unlocked, Lon., 1684. This work was 
 highly valued both at home and abroad. An edition was 
 pub. in Latin. 
 
 " Baker discovered a rule or method for determining the centre 
 of a circle, which shall cut a given parabola in as many points as 
 a given equation, to be constructed, has real roots. This method 
 is generally known as the central rule. The central rule is founded 
 on this principle of the parabola : that if a line be inscribed in the 
 curve perpendicular to any diameter, the rectangle of the segments 
 of this line is equal to the rectangle of the intercepted part of the 
 diameter and the parameter of the axis." Hose's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Baker, Thomas, 1656-1740, a learned antiquary, 
 was born at Crook, in the parish of Lancaster, in the Bi 
 shopric of Durham. In 1674 he was entered at St. John's 
 College, Cambridge, and in 1679 became a Fellow of the 
 college ; in 1686 he was ordained priest by Bishop Barlow. 
 He accepted the post of chaplain to Crew, Bishop of Dur 
 ham, who gave him, in 1687, the rectory of Long Newton. 
 He proved his conscientiousness by refusing to read the 
 deolaration of indulgence of James II., and afterwards 
 by declining to take the oaths to the new government. In 
 1717, with twenty-one others, he was deprived of his fel 
 lowship. After this event, he was accustomed to add to 
 his signature Socius Ejectus. He continued to reside in 
 his college as a commoner-master until his death. Having 
 now time and opportunities for study, he devoted himself 
 to investigations in history, biography, and antiquities, 
 with a zeal seldom witnessed. So extensive were his in 
 quiries, and so liberal was he in his communications of 
 their results, that 
 
 " There is scarcely a work in the department of English History, 
 Biography, and Antiquities, that appeared in his time, in which 
 we do not find acknowledgments of the assistance which had 
 been received from Mr. Baker. "\Ve may mention, particularly, Dr. 
 Walker, in his Account of the Sufferings of the Clergy; Burnet; 
 Dr. John Smith, the editor of Bede ; Dr. Knight, in his Life of 
 Erasmus ; Browne Willis ; Francis Peck ; Dr. Ward, in his Lives 
 of the Gresham Professors; Dr. Richardson, in his work on the 
 Lives of the English Bishops ; Ames in his Typographical Antiqui 
 ties ; Lewis, in his History of the English Translations of the Bible ; 
 Strype and Hearne, in many of their works." Rose's Biog. Did. 
 
 He made large transcriptions from historical and other 
 documents ; 23 vols. of MSS. he gave to the Earl of Ox 
 ford. These form part of the Harleian MSS., (Brit. Mu 
 seum, 7028 to 7050.) He also left 19 vols. of his MSS. to 
 the public library at Cambridge. Mr. Baker published 
 but one work, Reflections on Learning, showing the insuf 
 ficiency thereof in its several particulars, in order to evince 
 the usefulness and necessity of Revelation, Lon., 1710. 
 This work went through eight editions, and was one of 
 the most popular books in the language. The author has 
 a curious passage on philosophy, which we quote : 
 
 " Since Aristotle's philosophy has been exploded in the schools, 
 under which we had more peace, and possibly almost as much truth 
 as we have had since, we have not been able to fix any more, but 
 have been -wavering from one point to another." 
 
 Mr. Bosworth, m his Method of Study, ranks this work 
 among the classics for purity of style ; but different views 
 have been expressed : 
 
 " Though the style is perspicuous and manly, it can scarcely be 
 applauded as rising to any degree of elegance. It is, undoubtedly, 
 in several respects, a work of very considerable merit." 
 
 Great disappointment was felt that Mr. Baker did not 
 complete his design of writing an Athence Cantabrigiensi- 
 bus, on the plan of Wood's Athence Oxoniensia. His MSS. 
 collections relative to the history and antiquities of the 
 
BAR 
 
 BAL 
 
 University of Cambridge amounted to 39 vols. in folio, 
 and 3 in 4to : (in British Museum, and Pub. Lib. of Camb. 
 See above.) Has Cambridge no son with sufficient zeal to 
 undertake the still-neglected duty of an Athen. Cantab. ? 
 Baker was a striking instance of the truth of Hearne's 
 complaint of the students of monuments and records, quoted 
 by Dr. Johnson in the Rambler. Biog. Brit. 
 
 " As their employment consists first in collecting, and afterwards 
 in arranging, or abstracting, what libraries afford them, they ought 
 to amass no more than they can digest ; but when they have un 
 dertaken a work, they go on searching and transcribing, call for 
 new supplies when they are already over-burdened, and at last 
 leave their work unfinished. It is, says he. the business of a good 
 antiquary, as of a good man, to have mortality always before him." 
 
 Of our author Hearne speaks highly : 
 
 "Optandum est ut sua quoque collectanea de antiquitatibus. 
 Cantabrigiensibus juris faciat publici el. Bakerus, quippe qui 
 eruditione summa judicioque acri et subacto polleat." 
 
 Dr. Knight styles him, " the greatest master of the an 
 tiquities of this our university." Horace Walpole wrote a 
 Life of Baker (in the quarto ed. of his works) in 1778, of 
 which a friend of Mr. Nichols writes to him : " I never 
 thought that the sprightly, inquisitive Horace Walpole 
 could ever have written any thing of so little information 
 or curiosity." 
 
 Dr. Richard Rawlinson gives a very great character of 
 Mr. Baker : 
 
 " That the people of St. John's should have highly respected Mr. 
 Baker, is surely much to the credit of the Society ; especially if 
 we consider how little people, not actually members, are liked for 
 staying and taking up room." T. F., in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, 
 which see for a detailed account of Baker. 
 
 Mr. Master pub. Memoirs of the Life and Writings of 
 our author, with a Catalogue of his MS. collections : a sy 
 nopsis of the latter may be seen in the Biog. Brit. 
 
 That the people of St. John's did " highly respect Mr. 
 Baker," we have evidence in a letter of Warburton's : 
 (Correspond, with Dr. Birch in Brit. Museum.) 
 
 "Good old Mr. Baker of St. John's has indeed been very oblig 
 ing. The people of St John's almost adore the man ; for as there 
 is much in him to esteem, much to pity, and nothing (but in vir 
 tue and learning) to envy, he has all the justice at present done 
 him, that few people of merit have till they are dead." 
 
 In lamenting over the non-execution of Mr. Baker's 
 Athen. Cantab., we are led to bestow a few more tears on 
 the abortive plan of Dr. Dibdin's intended magnificent 
 History of the University of Oxford. But we cannot 
 linger more. Let the reader refer to Dibdin's Reminis 
 cences, vol. ii. p. 849. We shall defer our remarks upon 
 the subject until we overtake old Anthony Wood, some 
 years hence, in the letter W. " Some years hence," did 
 we say? Let us remember, "Vitas summa brevis spem 
 nos vetat inchoare longam !" 
 
 Baker, Thomas, Surgeon. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1739. 
 
 Baker, Wm., Bp. of Norwich. Sermon, Lon., 1709. 
 
 Baker, Win., Bp. of Bangor. Sermon, Lon., 1724. 
 
 Baker, Wm. Sermons pub. 1716, '20, '26, '28. 
 
 Baker, Wm., 1742-1785, a learned English printer, 
 carried on his business in Cullum Street and Ingram 
 Court, London. He wrote Peregrinations of the Mind, 
 through the most general and interesting Subjects which 
 are usually agitated in Life, by the Rationalist, Lon., 
 1770. Theses Graecae et Latinse Selectse, 1780. 
 
 " An elegant correspondence between him and Mr. Robinson, 
 author of The Indices Tres, printed at Oxford, 1772, and some let 
 ters of inquiry into the difficulties in the Greek Language, which 
 still exist, are proofs of his great erudition, and the opinion enter 
 tained of him by some of the first scholars ____ In the Greek, Latin, 
 French, and Italian Languages, he was critically skilled, and had 
 some knowledge of the Hebrew ____ Such was his modesty, that 
 many among his oldest and most familiar acquaintance were igno 
 rant of his learning, and when learning was discussed, his opinion 
 could never be known without an absolute appeal to his iudsr- 
 ment." Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Bakewell. Domestic Guide in Insanity, 1805. Moor 
 land Bard, 1807. 
 
 Bakewell, F. C. Natural Evidence of a Future 
 Life, derived from the Properties and Actions of Animate 
 and Inanimate Matter; a contribution to Natural Theo 
 logy, designed as a Sequel to the Bridgewater Treatises, 
 1840. This work has been highly commended. Mr. B. 
 is the author of the Philosophical Conversations. 
 
 "Mr. Bakewell establishes by analogical reasoning a strong 
 probability for the immortality of the soul ; his arguments are al- 
 . ways ingenious, and candidly stated, and he draws strong conclu 
 sions from his premises." London Athmteum. 
 
 \ T ,l lis ma - v claim to rank as a tenth Bridgewater Treatise." 
 We strongly recommend this volume. Mr. Bakewell is evi- 
 
 ntly a master of reasoning and language. The reader who ac 
 companies him through his arguments, will be delighted by the 
 acutenesa of his reasoning, and have his mind enriched bv much 
 b th ln pbysical and P^siological science."- 
 
 Bakewell, Robt., father of the preceding. Intro 
 
 duction to Geology, Lon., 1813, 8vo. A number of edits, 
 have been pub. Mineralogy and Crystallography, 1819, 8vo. 
 Influence of Soil and Climate upon Wool, 1808, 8vo. 
 
 Bakewell, Thos. Work against Antinomianism, 
 Lon., 1644. Defence of Infant Baptism, 1646. 
 
 Bakewell, Thos. Letter on Mad-Houses, Lon., 1815. 
 
 Balam, R. Treatise on Algebra, Lon., 1650. 
 
 Balantyn. See BALLENDEN, JOHN. 
 
 Balbernie, A. Obs. for the benefit of the Empire, 1810. 
 
 Balbirnie, John. 1. Philosophy of Water Cure, 
 Lon., 12mo. 2. Speculum applied to Diseases of the Womb, 
 8vo. 3. Water Cure in Consumption and Scrofula, 8vo. 
 4. Words of a Water-Doctor, 8vo. 5. Hydropathic Apho 
 risms, 1856, 12mo. 
 
 Balcanqual, W. Sermons, fcc., Lon., 1634. 
 
 Balcanquhall, Dean. On the Troubles in Scotland. 
 
 Balcarras, Earl of. A Brief Account of the Affairs 
 of Scotland, relating to the Revolution in 1688, Lon., 1714; 
 Edin., 1754. Also inserted in the llth volume of the 
 Sbmers Collec. of Tracts. A valuable historical document. 
 
 Balch, Wm., 1704-1792, born at Beverly, Massachu 
 setts, pub. Sermons, <fec., 1740-46. 
 
 Bald, Robt. Coal Trade, 1808, 8vo. Agriculture of 
 the County of Mid-Lothian, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Balderston, Geo., Surgeon, Edin. Con. to Med. 
 Ess., ii. p. 359. 
 
 Balderston, R. R. Sermons from Archbp. Tillot- 
 son, Lon., 1810. 
 
 Baldgrave, O. Descrip. of Trees,Herbs,<fcc.,Lon.,1674. 
 
 Baldock, Baldocke, or Baudake, Ralph de, 
 d. 1314, Bishop of London, and lord high chancellor of 
 England, was educated at Merton College, Oxford. He 
 was a prebendary of St. Paul's Cathedral, arch-deacon of 
 Middlesex, and succeeded Richard de Gravesend in the 
 See of London in 1304. His election being controverted, 
 the pope's confirmation was requisite. The necessary de 
 lay postponed his consecration until 1306, when he was 
 consecrated at Lyons by the Bishop of Alba. He con 
 tributed 200 marks towards building the chapel of St. 
 Mary on the east side of St. Paul. He founded also a 
 chantry of two priests in the same church, near the altar 
 of St. Erkenwald. He wrote, 1. Historia Anglica, or a 
 \ history of the British affairs down to his own time. Not 
 ! extant : Leland says he saw it in London. 2. A Collec- 
 j tion of the Statutes and Constitutions of the Church of St. 
 Paul's, extant in the library of the Cathedral in 1559. 
 Biog. Brit. 
 
 Baldwin, Edward. The Pantheon, Lon., 1814. 
 
 Baldwin, Geo. Political Recollections relative to 
 Egypt, Lon., 1801. Works from the Italian, <fec., 1811-18. 
 
 Baldwin, Henry, 1779-1844, Judge of the Supreme 
 Court U.S. A General View of the Origin and Nature 
 of the Constitution and Govt. of the U. States, Phila., 
 1837. 
 
 Baldwin, Jas. Serm., 1718. To a Quaker, 1757. 
 
 Baldwin, R. Visitation Ser., Phil. i. 27, Norw., 1706. 
 
 Baldwin, Saml. Survey of the Brit. Customs, 
 Lon., 1770. 
 
 Baldwin, Thos., d. 1190, the celebrated preacher of 
 the third Crusade, was born at Exeter. In 1181 he was 
 elected Bishop of Worcester, and in 1184 was translated 
 to the Archbishopric of Canterbury. He accompanied 
 Richard I. to the Holy Land, and died at the siege of 
 Ptolemais. He wrote a number of works. 
 
 " The treatise De Sacramento Altaris, Tanner states, was pub. at 
 Cambridge in 1521, 8vo; and in 1531, 4to. 
 
 " Bibliotheca Patrum Cisterciensium . . . tomus quintus . . . 
 Labore et 'studio F. Bertrandi Tissier, Bono-fonte, Anno Domini, 
 1662, fol. pp. 1-159. Baldwini, ex abbate Fordensi ordinis Cisterc. 
 Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi, opera. The sixteen tracts, and the 
 treatises, De Commendatione Fidei and De Sacramento Altaris. 
 
 " The old bibliographers ascribe to him, in addition to the works 
 already mentioned, commentaries on the books of Kings; on the 
 sacraments of the Church; a collection of thirty-three sermons; 
 a collection of epistles ; and other books, with the titles, De Ortho- 
 doxaefideidogmatibus; De sectis haereticorum ; De unitate charita- 
 tis; De sacerdotio Joannis Hyrcani ; Super eruditione Giraldi; De 
 amore; Contra Henricum Wintoniensem; Commendatio virginita- 
 tis; Carmen devotionis; Decruce; Deangeli nuncio; Mythologia; 
 De utilitate et virtute sermonis dei viri. Several of his tracts and 
 sermons are preserved in a MS. at Lambeth. Some of the books 
 mentioned in the above list are of very doubtful authority." 
 Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Baldwin, Thos. Aeropaidia; Hints on Balloons, 1786. 
 
 Baldwin, Thos., 1753-1825, a Baptist minister, set 
 tled at Boston, Mass., was born at Norwich, Connecticut. 
 He pub. sermons and theological treatises, 1789-1806. 
 
 Baldwin, Thomas, for many years a teacher in Phi 
 ladelphia. Pronouncing Gazetteer, 12mo, new ed., Phil., 
 1855. In conjunction with J. Thomas, M.D., a new and 
 
 105 
 
BAL 
 
 BAL 
 
 complete Gazetteer of the United States, large 8vo, 10th ! 
 thousand, Phil., 1855. Pronouncing Gazetteer of the World, [ 
 large 8vo, Phil., 1855. See THOMAS, J., M.D. 
 
 Baldwin, Sir Timothy, of Burwarton, in Shropshire, 
 became a Commoner of Baliol College, Oxford, in 1634, 
 and Fellow of All Souls' in 1640. In 1654 Baldwin wrote 
 The Privileges of an Ambassador, elicited by the case of 
 Don Pantaloon Sa, brother to the Portuguese ambassador, 
 who had killed an Englishman. In 1656 he pub. a treatise 
 left by Lord Herbert, Expeditio Buckingami Ducis in Ream 
 'Insulam ; and in 1663, a treatise of Dr. Richard Zouch, 
 The Jurisdiction of the Admiralty of England asserted 
 against Sir Edward Coke's Articuli Admiralitatis in 22d 
 chap, of his Jurisdiction of Courts. Hose's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Baldwin,Walter. Impris.for Debt,1813 ; Letter,1810. 
 
 Baldwin, Win. Sermon, Eccles. iii. 12, Lon., 1701. 
 
 Baldwin, orBaldwyn, William, born in the west 
 of England, spent several years at Oxford in the study of 
 logic and philosophy. He was subsequently a schoolmaster 
 and divine. He is said to have been one of those scholars 
 who followed printing in order to promote the Reformation. 
 In this last capacity he was employed by Edward Whit- 
 church. Bale and Pits ascribe some comedies to him ; and 
 it is known that he was " engaged in the reigns of Edward 
 VI., and Philip and Mary, if not earlier, in preparing thea 
 trical entertainments for the court." He compiled A 
 Treatise of Moral Philosophy, printed by Whitchurch, 
 1547-1549, and sine anno, (Bib. Anglo-Poet. 10 10s. j) 
 afterwards enlarged by Palfryman, and several more edi 
 tions pub. The Canticles or Balades of Salomon, phrase- 
 lyke declared in English meters, 1549 : printed by himself. 
 Funeralles of King Edward the Sixth, 1560. This little 
 tract of 24 pp. was sold at the Roxburghe sale for 19 19. 
 A copy in the Bib. Anglo-Poet, is priced 25. It is the 
 rarest of his works : see British Bibliographer, vol. ii. p. 97. 
 
 " A great error concludes the description, viz. : The subject of 
 this article escaped the researches of Ritson. A reference to Hit- 
 son's Bibliographica Poetica, p. 122, will shew that he has given 
 the accurate title, date, and printer's name." Bib. Anglo-Poet. 
 
 Another edition, Lon., 1817. Presented to the members 
 of the Roxburghe Club by the Rev. J. W. Dodd. Another 
 reprint appeared in 4to, 10s. 6d. 
 
 Wood ascribes to Baldwin, The Use of Adagies, Similies, 
 and Proverbs, and some Comedies. "When printed, or 
 where, I cannot find." That intelligent antiquary, Mr. J. 
 Payne Collier, considers Baldwin to have been the author of 
 a tract of great rarity, Beware the Cat, 1561-84. (See Hist, 
 of Eng. Dram. Poetry.) In this tract are some notices of 
 matters connected with the reputed author's history. But 
 may Baldwin's name ever be honoured as one of the au 
 thors and editors of the noble MIRROUR FOR MAGISTRATES ! 
 Of this grand work, which " illuminates with no common 
 lustre that interval of darkness which occupies the annals 
 of English poetry from Surrey to Spenser," we had in 
 tended to give an account, but to do justice to the subject 
 requires far more space than we can afford. It will be re 
 ferred to again under the name "Sackville." Let the 
 reader refer to Warton's History of English Poetry, Brydges' 
 Censura Literaria, and Haslewood's edition of the work, 
 (Introduction,) 1815. The Induction by Sackville, Earl 
 of Dorset, has been lauded as containing 
 
 " Some of the finest strains of English poetry, and some of the 
 most magnificent personifications of abstract ideas in our language ; 
 exceeding Spenser in dignity, and not short of him in brilliance." 
 
 That man or woman who possesses A MYRROVRE FOR 
 MAGISTRATES, Wherein may be seen by example of others, 
 with how greuous plages vices are punished, and how frayl 
 and vnstable worldly prosperitie is founde, euen of those 
 whom Fortvne seemeth most highly to favour ; we say, that 
 man or woman who possesses this vast treasury of poetry, 
 philosophy, morality, and divinity, can afford to dispense 
 with three-fourths of the modern productions of the Muse. 
 We contemplate our beautiful copy with complacency as 
 we pay this deserved tribute. 
 
 Baldwyn, Rev. Edward, author of a number of 
 miscell. and educational works, Lon., 1787-1812. 
 
 Bale, John, 1495-1564? Bishop of Ossory, in Ire 
 land, was one of the early English dramatists, and by his 
 literary and other labours, a zealous promoter of the Re 
 formation. He was educated at the monastery of the 
 Carmelites in Norwich, and from thence was sent to Jesus 
 College, Cambridge. The date of his renunciation of the 
 Roman Catholic Church cannot be certainly ascertained, 
 but he attributes to " the illustrious the Lord Wentworth, 
 that he was stirred up to discover the glory of the Son of 
 God and his own depravity." This nobleman and Lord 
 Cromwell were his patrons ; and on the execution of the 
 latter he withdrew into Flanders, where he remained for 
 106 
 
 eight years. In 1552 he was nominated by King Edward 
 VI. to the see of Ossory. He incurred the dislike of the 
 Roman Catholics by two plays, intended to promote the 
 Protestant faith, John the Baptist, and God's Promises, 
 which were publicly acted on a Sunday in Kilkenny. On 
 the death of Edward VI. he was obliged to fly for refuge 
 to Holland, and from thence to Basle in Switzerland. 
 After the death of Queen Mary he returned to England, 
 but preferred a prebend in the Cathedral church of Can 
 terbury, which he retained until his death, to the resump 
 tion of his former Bishopric. Bale was a voluminous au 
 thor. His dramatic pieces were intended and calculated 
 to promote the cause of the Reformation. He tells us 
 (Scriptor Illustr. M. Brit. Summ.) that he was the author 
 of nineteen Miracle Plays, eleven of which represent 
 events in the life of our Saviour, and eight are miscella 
 neous. The titles of these plays will give some idea of 
 their character : 
 
 Series of the Life of Christ. 
 
 1. OF CHRIST, WHEN HE WAS 12 YEARS OLD, one comedy. 
 2-3. OF HIS BAPTISM AND TEMPTATION, two comedies. 
 
 4. OF LAZARUS RAISED FROM THE DEAD, one comedy. 
 
 5. OF THE COUNCILLS OF THE BISHOPS, one comedy. 
 
 6. OF SIMON THE LEPER, one comedy. 
 
 7. OF THE LORD'S SUPPER, AND WASHING THE FEET, one 
 
 comedy. 
 
 8-9. OF THE PASSION OF CHRIST, two comedies. 
 10-11. OF THE SEPULTURE AND RESURRECTION, two corns. 
 Miscellaneous Dramas. 
 
 12. UPON BOTH MARRIAGES OF THE KING. (Henry VIII.) 
 
 13. AGAINST MOMUS AND ZOILUS. 
 
 14. THE TREACHERIES OF THE PAPISTS. 
 
 15. AGAINST THE ADULTERATORS OF GOD'S WORD. 
 
 16. OF KING JOHN OF ENGLAND. 
 
 17. OF THE IMPOSTURES OF THOMAS A BECKETT. 
 
 18. OB THE CORRUPTIONS OF THE DIVINE LAWS. 
 
 19. THE IMAGE OF LOVE. 
 
 " Each of these he states that he ' compiled,' not merely because 
 he borrowed his materials from the Old and New Testaments, but, 
 perhaps, because he adopted portions of pieces of the same de 
 scription already existing. The subjects are treated as in the 
 older specimens, and even in point of language and versification 
 Bale has not much the advantage of his predecessors." Collier's 
 History of Eng. Dram. Poetry. 
 
 In 1538 these plays were printed abroad in 4to. They 
 contain the first attempts to instruct the public mind 
 in the doctrines of the Reformation, by the instrumen 
 tality of the stage. Bale says that the representation 
 of his plays, referred to before, at the Market Cross of 
 Kilkenny, in August, 1553, "was to the small conten- 
 tation of the prestes and other papistes there." The Vo- 
 cayon of Johon Bale. Dramatic entertainments, represent 
 ing the lives of saints, and scriptural stories, had long be 
 fore this time been a favourite entertainment with the 
 populace. The play of Saint Catherine was acted at Dun- 
 stable about the year 1100. 
 
 " London, for its theatrical exhibitions, had holy plays, or the 
 representation of miracles wrought by confessors, and of the suf 
 ferings of martyrs." Description of London, by William Fitz-Ste- 
 phen, of the 12th century. 
 
 Matthew Paris, about the year 1240, says that they 
 were such as " Miracula Vulgariter Appellamus," proving 
 their publicity. See Warton's History of English Poe 
 try. This learned writer, speaking of Bale's plays, re 
 marks : 
 
 "What shall we think of the state, I will not say of the stage, 
 but of common sense, when these deplorable dramas could be en 
 dured ? Of an age when the Bible was profaned and ridiculed 
 from a principle of piety ? But the fashion of acting mysteries 
 appears to have expired with this writer." 
 
 A dramatic piece of Bale's, thought to be the most re 
 markable of his productions, entitled De Joanne Anglo- 
 rum Rege, and Kynge Johan, was printed in 1838 by the 
 Camden Society from the author's MS., preserved in the 
 library of the Duke of Devonshire. 
 
 " It is a most singular mixture of history and allegory ; the 
 events of the reign of John being applied to the times of Henry 
 VIII., and to the struggles between Protestantism and Popery." 
 
 In the introduction to this impression, it is remarked 
 of Bale : 
 
 " He possesses no peculiar claims as a poet ; and though he could 
 be severe as a moral censor, and violent as a polemic, he had little 
 elevation and a limited fancy ; his versification is also scarcely as 
 good as that of some of his contemporaries." 
 
 Bale's most celebrated work in his collection of British 
 Biography, first published under the title of Illustruin 
 Majoris Britannicae Scriptorum, hoc est, Anglise, Cambriae, 
 et Scotise, Summarium, Ipswich, 1549 : this edition con 
 tained only five centuries of writers. To these he added 
 four more centuries, and made corrections and additions. 
 The book thus enlarged was entitled Scriptorum Illustrium 
 
BAL 
 
 Maioris Britannia}, quam nunc Angliam et Scotiam vocant, 
 Catalogue; a Japheto per 3618 annos, usque ad annum 
 hunc Domini, Ac., Basil, 1557-59. Of this work ver 
 different opinions have been given. Warton censures 
 
 k, perhaps originally undertaken by Bale as a vehicle 
 of his sentiments in religion, is not only full of misrepresentation 
 and partialities, arising from his religious prejudices, but of general 
 inaccuracies, proceeding from negligence or misinformation Lven 
 those more ancient Lives which he transcribes from Leland's com 
 mentary on the same subject, are often interpolated with false 
 facts and impertinently marked with a misapplied zeal for refor 
 mation. He is angry with many authors who flourished before 
 the 13th century for being Catholics." Hat. of Eng. Poetry. 
 
 But Gesner, Bishop Godwin, Laurence Humphrey, 
 Toiler, Bishop Montagu, and others, appear on our au 
 thor's side. But, on the other hand, again we have Vos- 
 sius, John Pits, (Hie Lelandi Catalogum non tarn prolixe 
 auxit, quam prodigrose depravavit,) Wharton, Nieolson, 
 Harrington, and Leland, who array themselves against 
 the venerable bishop. 
 
 Bales, Peter, 1547-1610 ? the most skilful English 
 penman of his own, or probably of any, period, is sup 
 posed by Wood to have been a member of Oxford Univ. 
 
 " He spent many years in sciences among the Oxonians, particu 
 larly at Gloucester Hall." . . 
 
 He is the author of Brachygraphy, or the Writing 
 Schoolmaster, in Three Books, teaching Swift Writing, 
 True Writing, and Fair Writing, 1590-97, 1673. We are 
 told of a Bible, written by him in short-hand, so small 
 that it would lie in an English-walnutrshell ! 
 
 Bales, Peter. The Lord's Prayer pleading for better 
 entertainment ; on Luke xi. 2, Lon., 1643. Infirmities in 
 ducing to Conformity ; on James iii. 2, 1650, etc. 
 
 Baley, or Bailey, Walter, M.D., 1529-1592, was 
 admitted perpetual Fellow of New College, Oxf., in 1550. 
 In 1561 he was appointed the Queen's Professor of Physic 
 in the University of Oxford. He wrote a number of profes 
 sional works, which were pub. 1587-1602. Directions for 
 Health, posthumous, 1626. See Wood's Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Balfour, Surgeon. Con. to Med. Obs. & Inq. 1670. 
 
 Balfour, Alexander, 1767-1829, a tradesman, and 
 subsequently a clerk in the publishing house of Mr. Black- 
 wood at Edinburgh, wrote Campbell, or the Scottish Pro 
 bationer, 1819. Contemplation, and other poems, 1820. 
 The Foundling of Glenthorn, or the Smuggler's Cave, 1823. 
 Highland Mary. He edited the poetical works of Richard 
 Gall, and contributed to the Edinburgh Magazine until 
 its expiration in 1826. Prof. Muir pub. a selection from 
 his writings under the title of Weeds and Wild Flowers. 
 A notice of the author's life is prefixed to this volume. 
 Chambers's Eminent Scotsmen. 
 
 Balfour, Sir Andrew, 1630-1694, a Scottish bota 
 nist and physician. Letters relative to France and Italy, 
 Edin., 1700. 
 
 Balfour, Francis, a Scottish physician of note, a 
 native of Edinburgh, and surgeon of the Hon. East India 
 Company, resided chiefly at Calcutta. He pub. a number 
 of prof, works, Edin., Calcut., and Lon., 1767-95. A col 
 lection of Treatises on the Effect of Sol-Lunar Influence 
 in Fevers, Lon., 1812 : this is a 2d edition of a Treatise 
 on the Influence of the Moon in Fevers, Calcut., 1784. 
 His theory is that all fevers are affected by the influence 
 of the moon. He found that the "accession of fever takes 
 place during the three days which either precede or follow 
 the full moon." These opinions it is said have met with 
 " support and confirmation from the observations of Lind 
 in Bengal, of Cleghorn in Minorca, of Fontana in Italy, 
 of Jackson in Jamaica, of Gillespie at St. Lucia, of An- 
 nesley in Madras." 
 
 Balfour, Sir James, d. 1657, a Scottish antiquary 
 and poet, was a friend of Sir Robert Aytoun, Drummond 
 of Hawthornden, Segar, Dodsworth, and Dugdale. To 
 the last-named he communicated the facts which we 
 find in the Monasticon Anglicanum, in the department 
 Coenobia Scotia. Balfour subsequently pub. these papers 
 with some other matter, under the title of Monasticon Sco- 
 ticum. He received a diploma in 1628 from the London 
 College of Arms, which proves the zeal and knowledge 
 which marked his antiquarian researches. He was a strong 
 opponent to the attempt to force the liturgy of the Church of 
 England upon the people of Scotland. Anumber of his MSS 
 are preserved in the Advocates' Lib. at Edinburgh. There 
 was pub. in Edin., 1824, Lon., 1825, his Annales of Scotland 
 from MLVII.-MDCXL. ; and Memorials and Passages of 
 Church and State from MDCXLI.-MDCLIL, Ac. Pub. 
 from the original MSS. preserved in the Lib. of Faculty of 
 Advocates, (by James Haig,) 4 vols., with portrait by 
 Lizars. 
 
 BAL 
 
 Balfour, James, 1703-1795, of Pilrig, Scotland. 1. 
 Delineation of Morality. 2. Philosophical Dissertations, 
 Edin., 1782. These two treatises were an attack on the 
 speculations of David Hume ; but they were written with 
 so much candour and good feeling that Hume wrote to him 
 to express his feelings of esteem and request his friend 
 ship. 3. Philosophical Essays, 8vo. 
 
 Balfour, John Hutton, M.D., F.R.S.E., b. in Edin 
 burgh, where he commenced the practice of his profession; 
 Prof, of Botany in the Univ. of Glasgow, in which he suc 
 ceeded Sir Wm. Jackson Hooker ; Regius Keeper of the 
 Royal Botanic Garden, and Prof, of Med. and Bot. in the 
 Univ. of Edinburgh. 1. Manual of Botany, Edin., 1849, 
 cr. 8vo; 3d ed., revised and enlarged, 1857. 2. Class-Book 
 of Botany, 8vo, 1800 Illustrations. The same work is also 
 pub. in two Parts : Part 1, Structural and Morphological 
 Botany; Part 2, Elements of Vegetable Physiology, 
 Classification, Botanical Geography, and Fossil Botany, 
 with a Glossary of Terms. 
 
 " In Dr. Balfour's Class-Book of Botany the author seems to have 
 exhausted every attainable source of information. Few, if any, 
 works on the subject contain such a mass of carefully-collected and 
 condensed matter; and certainly none are more copiously or better 
 illustrated." Hooker's Journal of Botany. 
 
 3. Outlines of Botany: being an Introduction to the 
 Study of the Structure, Functions, Classification, and Dis 
 tribution of Plants, 1854, 12mo. 4. Biographical Sketches 
 of the late Dr. Golding Bird, 1855, 12mo. He contrib. the 
 articles on Botany to the last ed. of the Encyc. Brit., and 
 has pub. many papers in connexion with the Bot. Soc. of 
 Edin. and the Brit. Ass. for the Advancement of Science. 
 
 Balfour, or Balforeus, Robert, a Scottish philo 
 sopher of the seventeenth century, President of Guyenne 
 College at Bordeaux. Barthius praises in high terms an 
 edition of Cleomedes pub. (Burd., 1605) by Balfour. 
 
 " His writings display an extent of erudition which reflects honour 
 on the literary character of his country." Irving' 's Lives of Scottish 
 Poets, q. v. 
 
 Versio et Notse ad Gelazium, 4o., Par., 1599. Versio et 
 Comm. ad Cleomedis Meteora, Burd., 1605. Commentarii, 
 &c. Aristotelis, Burd., 1616. Comm. in Organum Aristo- 
 telis, Burd., 1618. Do. in Ethica, <fcc., Par., 1620. 
 
 Balfour, Robert, D.D., late minister of the Outer 
 High Church, Glasgow. Serms., Glasg., 1819. 
 
 Balfour, Walter, 1776-1852, a native of Scotland, d. 
 in Massachusetts. He was educated for the Church of Scot 
 land by Robert Haldane, but became a Baptist at 30 years 
 of age, and afterwards a Universalist. Three Essays on the 
 Intermediate State of the Dead, 12mo, Charlestown, 1828. 
 Other works. 
 
 Balfour, Wm. Medical Works, Edin., 1814-18. 
 
 Balgrave, J. Sup. to Culpepper's E. Physic, Lon., 
 1666. 
 
 Balguy,Chas., M.D. Epistolo de Morbo Miliari, Lon., 
 1758. Con. to Med. Ess., 1736 ; Phil. Trans., 1734. 
 
 Balguy, John, 1686-1748, was entered of St. John's 
 College, Cambridge, in 1702, where he took the degree of 
 M.A. in 1726. He took part in the Bangorean controversy, 
 and pub. three pamphlets in defence of Dr. Hoadly, under 
 the name of Silvius. His treatises were levelled against 
 Drs. Stebbing and Sherlock. In 1726, he attacked the 
 'opinions of Lord Shaftesbury, in A Letter to a Deist. In 
 1728, he pub. The Foundation of Moral Goodness; or, A 
 Further Inquiry into the Original of our Idea of Virtue. 
 This was in answer to Mr. Hutcheson's Inquiry into the 
 Original of our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue. His Essay on 
 Redemption, pub. 1741, was one of his most popular works. 
 He burned many of his sermons, that his son (see next 
 article) might be thrown entirely on his own resources. 
 
 Balguy, Thomas, D.D., 1716-1795, son of the above, 
 was admitted of St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1732, and 
 took the degree of D.D. in 1758. In the same year Bishop 
 Hoadly appointed him Archdeacon of Winchester. He 
 preached at the consecration of Bishops Shipley, Shute, 
 Barrington, North, Hurd, and Moore. These Sermons were 
 all pub. separately, 1769-75. Divine Benevolence As 
 serted and Vindicated from the Reflections of Ancient and 
 Modern Skeptics, 1782. He edited the Serms. of Dr. Powell, 
 to which he prefixed his Life, and in 1785 edited a new 
 edition of his father's Essay on Redemption. Two years 
 later he pub. Discourses on Various Subjects. 
 
 " His work on Divine Benevolence is a most able answer to An 
 cient and Modern Skeptics." LOWNDES. 
 
 Ball. Essay on Agriculture, Svo. The Farmer's Guide, 
 8vo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog., and Weston's Tracts. 
 
 Ball, Edward. The Idiot Boy, <fec., Poems, Norw., 
 1814. Author of over 100 dramatic pieces, under the nom 
 de plume of Edward Fitzball. 
 
 107 
 
BAL 
 
 BAL 
 
 Ball, J. On an Epistle to Rev. R. Hill, 1807. 
 
 Ball, J. The Importance of Right Apprehensions of 
 God, &c. In a Letter to a Friend, Lon., 1736. 
 
 Ball, John, a preacher who participated in the Kent 
 insurrection in 1381, of which Wat Tyler was the hero, is 
 famous for having preached a sermon to a congregation of 
 one hundred thousand insurgents on Blackheath, from the 
 text 
 
 " When Adam delved, and Eve span, 
 Who was then the gentleman?" 
 
 The preacher, in company with Jack Straw, and about 
 1500 others, was hanged July 2, 1381. Some of his letters 
 are preserved in the chronicles of the times. He used his j 
 pen as well as his voice to propagate sedition. 
 
 Ball, or Balle, John, 1585-1640, a Puritan divine 
 of considerable note, entered Brasenose College, Oxford, 
 1602 ; B. A. at St. Mary's Hall, 1608. He wrote a number 
 of theological and ecclesiastical works. A Short Treatise 
 concerning all the principal grounds of the Christian Reli 
 gion. A very popular work, which Wood tells us was pub. 14 
 times ante 1632. It was extensively used in the instruc 
 tion of children. In 1666 it was translated into Turkish 
 by William Seamen, an English traveller, under the title 
 of Catechism, or Principal Grounds of the Christian Reli 
 gion, Oxf. A Treatise of Faith, Lon., 1632. Several of 
 his works were in opposition to publications in favour of 
 secession from the Church of England. 
 
 " Though somewhat disaffected to ceremonies and Church disci 
 pline, yet he confuted such as conceived the corruption therein 
 ground enough for a separation." Athen. Oxon. ; Fuller's Worthies. 
 
 Baxter speaks of him in high terms : 
 
 " He deserved an high esteem and honour as the best bishop in 
 England ; yet looking after no higher things than these :" 
 t. e. the small profits of the little school, and his 20 yearly 
 salary. 
 
 " He was an excellent schoolman and schoolmaster, (qualities 
 seldom meeting in the same man,) a painful preacher, and a pro 
 fitable writer; and his Treatise of Faith cannot be sufficiently 
 commended. Indeed he lived by faith, having but small means 
 to maintain him, . . . and yet was wont to say he had enough, 
 enough, enough : thus contentment consisted not in heaping on 
 more fuel, but in taking away some fire. He had a holy facetious- 
 ness in his discourse. When his friend, having had a fall from 
 his horse, and said that he never had the like deliverance, ' Yea,' 
 said Mr. Balle, 'and an hundred times when you never fell;' ac 
 counting God's preserving us from, equal to his rescuing us out of 
 dangers. ... He hated all new lights and pretended inspirations 
 besides Scripture : and when one asked him, ' whether he at any 
 time had experience thereof in his own heart,' ' No,' said he, ' I 
 bless God; and if I should ever have such phantasies, I hope God 
 would give me grace to resist them.' Notwithstanding his small 
 means, he lived himself comfortably, relieved others charitably, 
 left his children competently, and died piously." Worthies, 
 
 Ball, John* Antiquities of Constantinople, in 4 books, 
 trans, from the Latin of Gyllius, &c., Lon., 1729. 
 
 Ball, John. Medical works, Lon., 1758-71. 
 
 Ball, Nathaniel. Sermons, 1683-92. 
 
 Ball, Nathaniel, Rector of Wisley, <fcc. Recte vi- 
 vendi Ratio, <fec., 1754. He pub. a number of sermons at 
 different times, 1745-63. 
 
 Ball, Richard. An Astrolophysical Compendium, or 
 a Brief Introduction to Astrology, Lon., 1697. Astrology 
 Improved, Lon., 1723. 
 
 Ball, Richard. Sermon, Matt. xxii. 21, 1682. 
 
 Ball, Thomas, 1590-1659, a Puritan divine, was a 
 native of Shropshire, and educated in King's College, 
 Cambridge. He pub. a life of his tutor, Dr. John Preston, 
 and Pastorum Propugnaculum, Lon., 1656. 
 
 Ball, Thomas, and Beatty, F. Reports of Cases 
 in the High Court of Chancery, Ireland, 1807-11, Dub., 
 1821-23, 2 vols.; 2d ed., 1833-34; Philadelphia, 1839. 
 
 Ball, Wm. Political works, Lon., 1641-55. 
 
 Ball, Wm. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1666. 
 
 Ballantine, Wm. Treatise on the Statute of Limi 
 tations, (21 Jac. I. c. 16,) Lon., 1810; New York, 1812; 
 Albany, 1829 ; edited by J. L. Tillinghast. 
 
 " This small work is compiled by stringing together a number 
 of cases without the least possible labour of thought on the part 
 of the author. The American edition of 1812, purporting to con 
 tain the American law of Limitations, has reference to seventy-one 
 decisions." Marviris Legal Bibl. 
 
 Ballantine, Wm. Introduc. to Latin Reading, 1815. 
 
 Ballantyne, James, d. 1833, the friend and co-part 
 ner of Sir Walter Scott, contributed many articles to the 
 Edinburgh Evening Courant ante 1817 ; after which period 
 he edited the Edinburgh Weekly Journal, which was the 
 property of his firm. 
 
 Ballantyne, John, d. 1821, brother of the preceding, 
 was the confidant of, and manager for, the Great Unknown. 
 He was the author of The Widow's Lodgings, a novel. 
 
 Ballard. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1608. 
 
 Billiard, Edward. Sermons, 1734-46. 
 108 
 
 Ballard, Edward. Stock-broker's Vade Mecum, 
 Lon., 1799. 
 
 Ballard, George, d. 1755, was born at Carnpden, in 
 Gloucestershire. Whilst employed in the shop of a habit- 
 maker, he devoted his spare hours to the study of the Saxon 
 language. His zeal for learning attracted the notice of that 
 excellent Saxon scholar, Mrs. Elstob. By the kindness 
 of the first Lord Chedworth, he was removed to Oxford, 
 and an annuity of 60 (he declined to accept 100, which 
 was offered to him) was allowed him. He was appointed 
 one of the eight clerks of Magdalene College, and was 
 subsequently chosen one of the University beadles. He 
 pursued his researches with great zeal in the Bodleian Li 
 brary, and left the results in the shape of large collections 
 of MSS., now preserved in the same depository. His ac 
 count of Campden Church was read before the Society of 
 Antiquaries, Nov. 21, 1771. His only printed work is 
 Memoirs of Several Ladies of Great Britain, who have 
 been celebrated for their Writings, or Skill in the learned 
 Languages, Arts, and Sciences, Oxford, 1752 ; Lon., 1775. 
 Sixty-two ladies are here chronicled, commencing with 
 Juliana of Norwich, born about 1347, and ending with 
 Constantia Grierson, who died in 1733. 
 
 " It is pretty certain that England hath produced more women 
 famous for literary accomplishments, than any other nation in 
 Europe." Preface. 
 
 " We find that the lives of eminent or worthy persons are gene 
 rally, and deservedly, well received by the public : of which we 
 have here a new instance, added to the many of prior date, that it 
 would be needless to cite, in Mr. Ballard's Memoirs; a work that 
 has not wanted the assistance and encouragement due to so com 
 mendable an undertaking." Monthly Review, 1753. 
 
 Hearne notices Mr. Ballard's labours : 
 
 " I know not what additions Mr. George Ballard can make to Mr. 
 Stowe's life ; this I know, that being a taylor himself, he is a great 
 admirer of that plain, honest antiquary." Letter to Baker, 1735 ; 
 quoted by Nichols. 
 
 Ballard, Reave. Sermons, 1745-46. 
 
 Ballenden, or Bellenden, or Balantyn, Sir, or 
 Dr. John, d. 1550, a Scottish poet and historian, was a 
 doctor of the Sorbonne at Paris. By command of James 
 V., he translated Hector Boethius's History from the Latin 
 into the Scottish tongue. The translation was made " with 
 a good deal of freedom, departing often from his author, 
 but generally for the sake of truth ; and sometimes, also, 
 adding circumstances which, perhaps, might not be known 
 to Hector Boece. However, his version, as he called it, 
 was very well received both in Scotland and England, and 
 soon became the standard of that History." Biog. Brit. 
 
 He was archdeacon of Murray, canon of Rosse, and 
 clerk of the register. His trans, of the first five books of 
 Livy has been highly commended : 
 
 " As a specimen of the ancient language of Scotland and of the 
 prose style of the purest of her early writers, this translation of 
 Livy is peculiarly valuable. In rendering the animated descriptions 
 of Livy's pictured page, the translator evinces all the imagination 
 and vigour of a writer untrammelled by the necessity of adopting 
 the thoughts and sentiments of another." 
 
 Bailer, Richard. Psalms Evangelized, 1811. 
 
 Ballidon, J. See BALIDON. 
 
 Ballin, Miss. The Statue-Room: an Hist. Tale, 1790. 
 
 Ballingall, Sir George, d. 1855; from 1823 to '55, 
 Prof. Military Surgery in the Univ. of Edinburgh. 1. Out 
 lines of Military Surgery, 8vo. 2. On the Site and Con 
 struction of Hospitals, 4to. 3. Observations on the Dis 
 eases of the European Troops in India, 
 
 "This is a very interesting volume; Sir George Ballingall is 
 already favourably known to the profession by former writings, 
 and the present work will not derogate from his literary or his 
 professional reputation." Johnson's Journal. 
 
 " We are glad to see this admirable work attain to its third edi 
 tion. If the place of a great school of Military Surgery could be 
 supplied by a book, Sir George Ballingall has gone far to supply 
 that desideratum." United Service Magazine. 
 
 Ballon, Rev. Hosea, 1771-1852, b. Richmond, N.H., 
 a prominent Universalist minister. 1. Notes on the Parables, 
 1804. 2. Treatise on the Atonement. 3. Candid Review. 
 4. Authenticity of the Scriptures. In 1819, he commenced 
 The Universalist Mag., to which he contrib. many original 
 hymns. In connexion with his great-nephew, Rev. Hosea 
 Ballou, 2d, he commenced, in 1831, the pub. of the Uni 
 versal Expositor, now pub. as the Universalist Quarterly 
 Review. 5. Lecture Serms., 1831. 6. An Examination of 
 the Doctrine of Future Retribution, 1834. Life by his son, 
 M. M. Ballou, (q. v.) His published works would make 
 more than one hundred 12mo vols. 
 
 Ballou, Hosea, 2d, b. 1796, Guilford, Vt. The An 
 cient History of Universalism, from the time of the Apos 
 tles to its Condemnation in the Fifth General Council, 
 A.D. 553, Bost., 1829, 12mo; Providence, 1842. Ed. Sis- 
 mondi's History of the Crusades, Bost, 1833, 12mo ; Ex- 
 
 
BAL 
 
 positor and Universalist Rev., Bost, 1831-40 ; Univ. Quar. 
 and General Rev., Bost., 1854-55. 
 
 Ballou, Maturin M., b. 1822, at Boston, Mass. 1. 
 History of Cuba; or, Notes of a Traveller in the Tropics. 
 2. Biography of Rev. Hosea Ballou, (his father.) 3. Life- 
 Story of Hosea Ballou : a juvenile work. Editor and pro 
 prietor of Ballou's Pictorial and the Flag of our Union. 
 
 Ballou, Moses, b. 1811, Monroe, Mass., nephew of 
 Rev. Hosea Ballou. 1. Memorial of Sanford. 2. The 
 Divine Character Vindicated : a Reply to Beecher's Con 
 flict of Ages. Contrib. to Universalist Quarterly since 1840. 
 
 Bally, George. Four Poems, pub. 1754, '56, '58, '67. 
 
 Balmain, VV. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1799. 
 
 Balmanno, Mrs. Mary, wife of the succeeding, b. in 
 Derbyshire, England, has gained some reputation as an 
 artist, poetess, and composer of music. She has contrib. 
 many articles to the English Annuals, and pub. several 
 lyrics since her residence in America. She has edited the 
 Gems of Moore's Poetry, (illustrated,) with prose introduc 
 tion and conclusions to each, and an illustrated edition of 
 Byron's Works. She pub., N.Y., 1858, 8vo, a vol. entitled 
 Pen and Pencil, illustrated with cuts, a majority of which 
 were drawn on the block by her own hand. The beautiful 
 drawing of all the flowers mentioned by Shakspeare, which 
 excited so much attention at the New York Crystal Palace 
 in 1853-54 and was so highly lauded in the English and 
 American papers, was the production of Mrs. Balinanno. 
 Her force and depth of colouring have elicited great ad 
 miration. 
 
 Balmanno, Robert, b. 1780, near Aberdeen, Scot 
 land, is a descendant of an ancient family, of which there 
 are records existing temp. James VI. of Scotland and I. 
 of England. Mr. B. has contributed many articles to the 
 London periodicals and to the New York Knickerbocker, 
 Evening Post, and Graham's (Phila.) Magazine. For many 
 years he has been a resident of New York ; and, although 
 now (1858) at an advanced stage of life, he is still distin 
 guished for that literary enthusiasm and exquisite taste in 
 letters and the fine arts which rendered him so great a 
 favourite with Sir Thomas Lawrence, C. A. Stothard, Henry 
 Fuseli, Thomas Moore, Sir Martin A. Shee, Crofton Croker, 
 and a host of departed worthies, whose numerous unpub 
 lished letters to Mr. B. and now in his possession would 
 form a rich entertainment to the present generation. For 
 some notices of Mr. Balmanno, see Mrs. Stothard's Life 
 of C. A. Stothard, and a Letter from Sir Walter Scott to 
 Sir Adam Ferguson, dated August 2, 1827. 
 
 Balmer, Robert, D.D., 1787-1844, Prof, of Syste 
 matic Theology to the United Secession Church. Aca 
 demical Lectures and Pulpit Discourses, 2 vols.,Edin.,1845. 
 
 Balmford, James, the son of a carpenter, studied 
 at Oxford, and entered the Church. Carpenter's Chippes, 
 1607. A Short and plain Dialogue concerning the Un- 
 la\vfulness of Playing at Cards, or Tables, or any other 
 Games consisting in Chance. Short Catechism, 2d ed., 
 1607. A Modest Reply to a work of Gataker's, upon Lots. 
 
 Balnaves, Henry, d. 1579, was a native of Kirk- 
 caldy, county of Fife, Scotland. He was a zealous pro 
 moter of the Reformation. John Knox gives him the cha 
 racter of a very learned and pious divine. In 1563 he was 
 made one of the Lords of Session, and was one of the com 
 mittee appointed to revise the book of discipline. Whilst 
 imprisoned in the castle of Rouen, he wrote what is called 
 by Knox, a Comfortable Treatise of Justification, Edin., 
 1550. The high estimation in which this work is still 
 held, is evinced by its having been lately republished at a 
 cheap rate by the London Religious Tract Society, for 
 wide circulation. Confession of Faith, concerning how 
 the troubled Man should seek refuge in God, Edin., 1584. 
 This work has a prefatory Epistle from John Knox. There 
 i< a poem of Balnaves's in Ramsay's Collection. 
 
 " He was a godly, learned, and long experimented counsellor." 
 SIR JAMES MELVIL. 
 
 See Knight's English Cyclopedia, Biography, vol. i. ; 
 Rymer, Foedera, xiv. 781, 783,786, 792, xv. 142, 144; Sad 
 ler, State Papers, i. 83, 430; Balf., Ann., i. 305; Hist, of 
 King Jaines VI., 35; Knox, Hist., 35,41; Keith, Hist., 
 529; McCrie, Life of Knox, 39, n.; Catalogue of Senators 
 of the Coll. of Just., 60, seq. 
 
 Baltharpe, John. The Straight's Voyage, [contain 
 ing an expedition to Algiers,] or St. David's Poem. Sold 
 at Lloyd's sale for 6 12. Qd. 
 
 Baltimore, Lord. Answer to Town-tell-Truth, Lon., 
 1642. His Case concerning the Province of Maryland 
 Lon., 1653. 
 
 Baltimore, Fred. Calvert, Lord, d. 1772. Tour 
 to the East, in the years 1763 and 1764, with remarks on 
 the City of Constantinople and the Turks. Also select 
 
 BAM 
 
 Pieces of Oriental Wit, Poetry, and Wisdom, Lon., 1767; 
 Dubl., 1768. 
 
 Gaudia Poetica, Latina, Anglica, et Gallica Lingua 
 composita, anno 1769. Augustse, 1770, 4to, with plates. 
 Privately printed (10 copies only) for presents. Sold at 
 Reed's Sale for 6 10* ; Bindley's, 7 7*. 
 
 Coelestes et Inferni, Venet. 1771. 
 
 Balward, John. Sermon, 1774. 
 
 B amiield, or Bamford, Joseph, an active soldier in 
 the civil war between King Charles I. and the Parliament, 
 published an Apology, an historical tract, now very rare. 
 
 " A man of wit and parts." EARL OF CLARENDON. 
 
 Bamfield, S. A. New Treatise of Astron., Oxon, 1764. 
 
 Bamfield, Thos. Reply to Dr. Wallas's Report con 
 cerning the Christian Sabbath, Lon., 1673. 
 
 Bamford, James. Plague's Infection, Lon., 1600. 
 
 Bampfield, or Bampfylde, Francis, d. 1684, 
 entered Wadham College, Oxford, in 1631. He had a pre 
 bend in the Church of Exeter, and subsequently was a 
 minister at Sherburn in Dorsetshire, of which he was de 
 prived by the Act of Uniformity of 1662. His independ 
 ence of character is amply proved by the peculiarities of 
 the views which he not only held, but zealously promul 
 gated. His principal works are Judgment for Observation 
 of the Jewish Sabbath, Lon., 1672, sent in a letter to Mr. 
 Will Ben. All in One, Lon., 1677. 
 
 " The design of which fantastic and unintelligible book is for the 
 advancement and augment of useful Arts, and of profitable Sci 
 ences, in a Scriptural way, and that all Philosophy be taught out 
 of the Scripture, and not from Heathen authors. . . . 'Tis full of 
 bombast, great swelling, and forced language, and oftentimes un 
 intelligible." WOOD. 
 
 The House of Wisdom, 1681, 
 
 " In which fantastical book the author would have the Hebrew 
 tongue and language to be the universal character over all the in 
 habited earth, to be taught in all schools, and children to be 
 taught it as their mother language. He proposes a way for the 
 erection of Academies to have it taught, and all Philosophy to pro 
 ceed from Scripture, to have all books translated into that lan 
 guage, and I know not what." Ibid. 
 
 Historical Declaration of The Life of Shim Asher, 1681. 
 Grammatical Opening of some Hebrew Words and Phrases 
 in the beginning of the Bible. Falling under the displea 
 sure of the government having refused to take the oaths, 
 on the plea that " the King of kings forbade him to take 
 them" he was cast into prison, where he died in 1684. 
 Anthony Wood makes him the subject of one of his 
 strongly-drawn portraits : 
 
 " He was always a person so strangely fickle and unsteady in 
 his judgment, that he was first a Churchman, then a Presby 
 terian, afterwards an Independent, or, at least, a sider with them, 
 an Anabaptist, and at length almost a compleat Jew, and what 
 not. He was also so enthusiastical and canting, that he did al 
 most craze and distract many of his disciples by his amazing and 
 frightful discourses." 
 
 Bampfield, or Bamfylde, John. Sixteen Sonnets, 
 Lon., 1779. 
 
 " The author was truly a man of genius ; he published his son 
 nets at a very early age ; they are some of the most original in our 
 language. He died in a private mad-house after twenty years' 
 confinement." Southey's Specimens of the Later English Poets. 
 
 These sonnets will be found in Park's Collection of 
 the Poets. 
 
 Bampfield, R. W. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1814. 
 treatise on Tropical Dysentery, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 On Curvatures and Diseases of the Spine, including all 
 the forms of Spinal Distortion, Lon., 8vo. Amer. ed., by 
 John K. Mitchell, M.D., Prof. Prac. Med. in Jefferson 
 Med. Coll., Phila. 
 
 " The very best treatise on spinal diseases and their treatment 
 extant." Med. Examiner. 
 
 " We heartily recommend this book to all who feel an interest 
 in the matter, and especially in these days of degenerating spe 
 cialities."^. Y. Jour, of Med. 
 
 " The treatise is a very valuable one, and we cheerfully recom 
 mend it to the profession." New Orleans Med*. Jour. 
 
 Bampton, John, of New Coll., Oxon. Serm., 1611. 
 
 Bampton, Rev. Jno., Canon of Salisb., 1689-1751, 
 educated at Trinity College, Oxford, deserves honourable 
 mention as the founder of the celebrated series of Lectures 
 which bear his name. He gave his lands and estates to 
 the University of Oxford, upon trust, for the endowment 
 of Eight Divinity Lecture-Sermons, to be delivered annu 
 ally : the subjects, To confirm and establish the Christian 
 Faith, and to confute all heretics and schismatics upon the 
 divine authority of the Holy Scriptures : The authority 
 of the writings of the Primitive Fathers as to the faith and 
 practice of the primitive Church : The Divinity of our 
 Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ : The Divinity of the Holy 
 Ghost: The articles of the Christian Faith as compre 
 hended in the Apostles' and Nicene Creeds. The Bamp 
 ton Lectures form a most valuable body of divinity : for 
 
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 BAN 
 
 notices of them, consult the names of the Lecturers in the 
 
 present volume. We append a list, chronologically arranged. 
 
 1780. J. Bandinell. 
 
 1805. E. Nares. 
 
 1829. E. Burton. 
 
 1781. T. Neve. 
 
 1806. J. Browne. 
 
 1830. H. Soames. 
 
 1782. R. Holmes. 
 
 1807. T. Le Mesurier. 
 
 1831. T.W.Lancaster. 
 
 1783. J. Cobb. 
 
 1808. J. Penrose. 
 
 1832. R.D. Hampden. 
 
 1784. J. White. 
 
 1809.J.B.S.Carwithen. 
 
 1833. F. Nolan. 
 
 1785. R. Churton. 
 
 1810. T. Falconer. 
 
 1834. None. 
 
 1786. G. Croft. 
 
 1811. J. Bidlake. 
 
 1835. None. 
 
 1787. W. Hawkins. 
 
 1812. R. Mant. 
 
 1836. C. A. Ogilvie. 
 
 1788. R. Shepherd. 
 
 1813. J. Collinson. 
 
 1837. T. S. L. Vogan. 
 
 1789. E. Tatham. 
 
 1814. W. Van Mildert 
 
 1838. H. A.Woodgate. 
 
 1790. IL Kett. 
 
 1815. R, Heber. 
 
 1839. W.D.Conybeare. 
 
 1791. R. Morres. 
 
 1816. J. H. Spry. 
 
 1840. E. Hawkins. 
 
 1792. J. Eveleigh. 
 
 1817. J. Miller. 
 
 1841. Not preached. 
 
 1793. J. Williamson. 
 
 1818. C. A. Moysey. 
 
 1842. J. Garbett. 
 
 1794. T. Wintle. 
 
 1819. H. D. Morgan. 
 
 1843. A. Grant. 
 
 1795. D. Veysie. 
 
 1820. G. Faussett. 
 
 1844. W. J. Jelf. 
 
 1796. R. Gray. 
 
 1821. J. Jones. 
 
 1845. C. A. Heurtley. 
 
 1797. W. Finch. 
 
 1822. R. Whateley. 
 
 1846. A. Short. 
 
 1798. C. Hall. 
 
 1823. C. Goddard. 
 
 1847. W. H. Shirley. 
 
 1799. W. Barrow. 
 
 1824. J.J.Convbeare. 
 
 1848. E. G. Marsh. 
 
 1800. G. Richards. 
 
 1825. G. Chandler. 
 
 1849. R, Michell. 
 
 1801. G. S. Faber. 
 
 1826. W. Vaux. 
 
 1850. E.M.Goulburn. 
 
 1802. G. F. Nott. 
 
 1827. H. H. Milman. 
 
 1851. H. B. Wilson. 
 
 1803. J. Farrer. 
 
 1828. T. Home. 
 
 1852. J. E. Riddle. 
 
 1804. R. Laurence. 
 
 
 
 Complete sets are rarely to be found : several volumes 
 being very scarce. A set, 1780-1850, is worth about 40 
 to 45. 
 
 Banaster, Banastre, or Banestre, Gilbert, a 
 poet and musician of the 15th century. His only work 
 extant is The Miracle of St. Thomas, 1467: in "MS. in 
 Bene't College Library.'' RITSON. 
 
 " The Prophesies of Banister of England are not uncommon 
 among manuscripts. In the Scotch Prophesies, printed at Edin 
 burgh, 1680, Bannister is mentioned as the author of some of them, 
 ' As Berlington's books and Banaster tell us.' p. 2. Again, ' Beid 
 hath brieved in his book, and Banester also,' p. 18. He seems to be 
 confounded with William Banister, a writer of the reign of Edward 
 the Third." Wartoris History of English Poetry. 
 
 Bancks, J. Miscell. Works, Lon., 1738-39. 
 
 Bancks, Robt. Mathemat. Con. to Nic. Jour., 1808. 
 
 Bancroft, A. Hist, of C. Wentworth, Esq., Lon., 1770. 
 
 Bancroft, Aaron, D.D., 1755-1839, for more than 
 half a century minister of a Congregational (Unitarian) 
 church at Worcester, Mass. Life of George Washington, 
 1807. Pub. in London, by Stockdale, in 1808. 
 
 Several editions of this work have been published. 
 
 Bancroft, E. N., M.D., son of the following, was a 
 military physician, and author of two publications, both 
 in 1808, respecting the Medical Department of Armies. 
 He warmly opposed the opinions of Drs. McGregor and 
 Jackson on this subject. He also pub. an Essay on the 
 Yellow Fever, 1811, and a Sequel thereto in 1817. 
 
 Bancroft, Edward, M.D., d. 1821, was noted for his 
 extensive knowledge of science in general. He was inti 
 mate with Drs. Franklin, Priestley, and other philosophers 
 of the day. An Essay on the Natural History of Guiana, 
 Lon., 1769. 
 
 " Besides natural history, this work may be consulted with ad 
 vantage on the manners, <xc. of the natives." 
 
 " Written in a very unaffected manner, and containing a great 
 deal of information which was new at the time." 
 
 Experimental Researches concerning the Philosophy of 
 Permanent Colours, Lon., 1794. The same arranged, with 
 large additions, Lon., 1813, 2 vols. 
 
 " The most scientific work on the subject." 
 
 Bancroft, George. Trans, of the Answer of the 
 Preacher's at Basle respecting the Administration of the 
 Lord's Supper, 1548-49, 8vo. 
 
 Bancroft, George, b. 1800, in Worcester, Mass., is a 
 son of the Rev. Aaron Bancroft, D.D., author of a Life of 
 Washington. (See ante.) He entered Harvard College at 
 the early age of 13, and graduated with the second honours 
 of his class in 1817. In 1818 he visited Germany, where 
 he prosecuted his Studies under the eminent scholars Heeren 
 and Schlosser. His original destination was the pulpit, and 
 he preached several discourses, which produced a favourable 
 opinion of his talents in this department; but a love of lite 
 rature proved the stronger attachment. For a short period 
 he held the post of Greek Tutor in Harvard College. His 
 first publication was a volume of Poems, (1823,) followed in 
 the next year by a translation of Heeren's Reflections on the 
 Politics of Ancient Greece. Shortly before this, in conjunc 
 tion with Dr. Joseph G. Cogswell, (now superintendent of 
 the Astor Library,) he opened the Round Hill School at 
 Northampton, and in the intervals of instruction he occu 
 pied himself in supervising and publishing a translation of 
 Heeren's Histories of the States of Antiquity and of the Po 
 litical System of Europe and its Colonies from the Discovery 
 of America to the Successful Termination of the Struggle for 
 Freedom of the British Colonies. Mr. Bancroft now turned 
 110 
 
 his attention to politics, in which field he displayed consi 
 derable ability. In January, 1838, he was appointed, by 
 President Van Buren, Collector of the Port of Boston, and 
 discharged the duties of this office with great fidelity for 
 three years. In 1844 he was the candidate of the Demo 
 cratic party for the office of Governor of the State of Massa 
 chusetts, and received a large vote, though not elected. 
 In 1845, Mr. Bancroft was appointed Secretary of the Navy, 
 and proved a most useful public officer: he suggested many 
 reforms, established the Nautical School at Annapolis, and 
 improved the Astronomical Observatory at Washington. 
 In 1846, he was appointed minister-plenipotentiary to Great 
 Britain, and resided in London until 1849, receiving those 
 gratifying testimonials of esteem and respect which mere 
 official position is unable to command. On his return to 
 America he adopted the city of New York as his residence. 
 Some of his orations have been published; and he is the 
 author of several articles in the North American and 
 Boston Quarterly Reviews. He printed a Fourth-of-July 
 Oration in 1826, delivered at the request of the town of 
 Northampton; and, in 1836, an oration delivered at Spring 
 field was published, and went through several editions. 
 
 As an author, Mr. Bancroft is best known by his His 
 tory of the United States, the first part of which, embrac 
 ing the History of the Colonization of the United States, 
 is comprised in three volumes : 1st, pub. 1834; 2d, 1837; 
 3d, 1840. Vol. iv., being vol. i. of the History of the 
 Revolution, was pub. in 1852, and vol. v. in 1853. The 
 first portion of this work contains an account of the set 
 tlement of the 13 original states, the Spanish settlements 
 in Florida, the French discovery, and colonization of Mi 
 chigan and Wisconsin; the discovery of the Mississippi, 
 the colonization of Illinois and Indiana, of Mississippi 
 and Louisiana, and the attempts at colonizing Texas by 
 La Salle. The topics 
 
 " Most interesting to the people of the great Valley of the Mis 
 sissippi, are delineated more fully than in any American work, 
 and from original sources; the work is richly illustrated by maps, 
 sketches, and engravings, particularly by heads of the Winthrops, 
 of Smith, of William Perm, and Franklin; fee-similes of the maps 
 of the Valley of the Mississippi, and of Lake Superior, with 
 sketches illustrating Indian life and appearance." 
 
 " The History of the United States is a work of great research, 
 and, while the author states his own opinions decidedly and 
 strongly, it is pervaded by a fair and just spirit. The style is 
 vigorous, clear, and frank, not often rising into eloquence, but 
 frequently picturesque, and always free from imitation apd from 
 pedantry ; it is, in fact, what it professes to be, a national work, 
 and is worthy of its great theme." Knight's Eng. Cyc. 
 
 So great has been the demand for this work, that the 
 15th edition of the first 3 vols. was published in 1853. 
 
 We quote some notices of the History of the Coloniza 
 tion of the United States, comprising vols. i., ii., and iii. 
 The commendation of the author's distinguished friend 
 and quondam tutor, Professor Heeren, must have been 
 very gratifying to Mr. Bancroft : 
 
 " We know few modern historic works in which the author has 
 reached so high an elevation at once as an historical inquirer and 
 an historical writer. The great conscientiousness with which he 
 refers to his authorities, and his careful criticism, give the most 
 decisive proofs of his comprehensive studies. He has founded his 
 narrative on contemporary documents, yet without neglecting 
 works of later times, and of other countries. His narrative is 
 everywhere worthy of the subject. The reader is always instructed, 
 often more deeply interested than by novels or romances. The 
 love of country is the muse which inspires the author; but this 
 inspiration is that of the severe historian, which springs from the 
 heart." PROF. HEEREN. 
 
 The value of this opinion is well known to the student 
 of history. Edward Everett justly remarks that 
 
 " Few writers have better succeeded than Mr. Heeren in treat 
 ing questions of antiquity with the spirit of modern philosophical 
 criticism. He is a prudent mediator between the bold specula 
 tions of some of his countrymen, and the credulous learning of 
 the last century. ... Mr. Heeren holds a place in the front rank 
 of the professors at Gottingen, is one of the most esteemed Ger 
 man writers of the present day, is a correspondent of the National 
 Institute of France, and worthy of the fame which he enjoys at 
 home and abroad." North American Review. 
 
 Laudari a viro laudato Mr. Bancroft must feel to be a 
 sufficient reward for his arduous labours. 
 
 Frederick Von Raumer does not scruple to say that 
 
 " Bancroft, Prescott, and Sparks have effected so much in his 
 torical composition, that no living European historian can take 
 precedence of them, but rather might feel proud and grateful to 
 be admitted as a companion." 
 
 As we have quoted Mr. Everett, this seems to be a 
 proper place for a short extract from this distinguished 
 scholar's review of Mr. Bancroft's 1st volume : 
 
 " A History of the United States, by an American writer, pos 
 sesses a claim upon our attention of the strongest character, 
 would do so under any circumstances; but when we add that the 
 work of Mr. Bancroft is one of the ablest of the class which has 
 for years appeared in the English language; that it compares ad 
 vantageously with the standard British historians; that as far as 
 
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 it goes, it does su^h justice to its noble subject as to supersede 
 the necessity of any future work of the same kind ; and if com 
 pleted as commenced, will unquestionably forever be regarded 
 both as an American and as an English classic, our readers would 
 justly think us unpardonable if we failed to offer our humble tri 
 bute to its merit." N. American Review, xl. 99. 
 
 On another occasion Mr. Everett remarks : 
 
 " This noble theme has been treated with a beauty and a power 
 by one whom I need not name in this presence, (the historian of 
 the United States,) which, without impairing their authenticity, 
 have converted the several pages of our history into a magnificent 
 Odyssey of national adventure." Everett's Lecture on the Discovery 
 of America. 
 
 The 3d volume was reviewed by a brother historian, W. 
 H. Prescott: 
 
 " In closing our remarks we must confess our satisfaction, that 
 the favourable notice we took of Mr. Bancroft's labours, on his first 
 appearance, has been fully ratified by his countrymen, and that 
 his Colonial History establishes his title to a place among the 
 great historical writers of the age. The reader will find the pages 
 of the present volume filled with matter not less interesting and 
 important than the preceding. He will meet with the same bril 
 liant and daring style, the same picturesque sketches of character 
 and incident, the same acute reasoning, and compass of erudition." 
 3". American Review, Hi. 75. 
 
 The Edinburgh Review, in concluding a notice of the 
 3 vols., (9th edition, Boston, 1841,) remarks : 
 
 " We cannot take leave of this work without again enforcing 
 upon the mind of the English reader the necessity of perusing it 
 with a catholic spirit. All that is of chief importance in it is en 
 titled to his esteem. The real liberality, the general fairness, 
 the labour and conscientious research it evinces, deserve, and we 
 are assured will receive, his warmest approbation. There are some 
 peculiarities, however, of style, some modes of expression, 
 some habits of thought, which are novel; and may, perhaps, not 
 prove entirely grateful to our cisatlantic taste. But Mr. Bancroft's 
 is an American, not an English, production, and must be judged 
 by a reference to American feelings. We treat a German or a 
 French work after this fashion, and this one. although written 
 in our language, is not subject to our conventional criticism." 
 Vol. Ixxxv. 115. 
 
 The democratic animus, thus hinted at, has not been un 
 noticed at home. Dr. Griswold, while highly commend 
 ing the History as a whole, observes : 
 
 ' Entering deeply into the spirit of the times, he becomes insen 
 sibly the advocate of the cause of freedom, which invalidates his 
 testimony. He suffers too much 'his passion to instruct his rea 
 son.' He is more mastered by his subject than himself master of 
 it. Liberty with him is not the result of an analytical process, 
 
 contests of the people with their governors in the attempt of the 
 latter to subvert their liberties. It describes minutely the pro 
 gress of each event that tended toward the general result, now 
 sketching with a vigorous hand the reckless management of the 
 ' Board of Trade,' in their endeavours for the enforcement of arbi 
 trary power; then again, holding up to our admiring view the 
 great Pitt, with his masterly genius stemming the storm which 
 was almost ready to break over Europe, and raising his country 
 to the highest pinnacle of greatness by his consummate states 
 manship. The work is full of such artistic groupings, and rises 
 at times to the highest point of eloquence. But yet it is not uni 
 form, and sometimes sinks almost to mediocrity. In fact, we have 
 seldom read a more uneven book, some of its chapters, by their 
 extreme terseness of style, rendering you weary, and others car 
 rying you along with resistless mterest."-vJVo?-tow's N. Y. Lit. Gazette. 
 Vol. 5th appeared in 1853. It comprises a period of 
 three years, 1763-1766, and gives a history of the causes 
 of dispute between Great Britain and her American Colo 
 nies. The enforcement of the Navigation Act, the passage 
 of the Stamp Act, the Pontiac War, the Rockingham 
 Ministry, the temper with which the Stamp Act was re 
 ceived in the Colonies, and its bold rejection by the first 
 American Congress, the advocacy of the Colonial cause on 
 the floor of Parliament by the first man in England the 
 great Pitt the Repeal of the Stamp Act, and the other 
 exciting events of this period are drawn by the hand of a 
 master. 
 
 " The further this work proceeds, the more do we feel that it 
 must take its place as an essentially satisfactory History of the 
 United States." London Athenceum. 
 
 We quote some more notices of Mr. Bancroft's History, 
 as a whole : 
 
 " Aside from its artistic excellence, its remarkable unity, bril 
 liant narrative, and vivid description, the whole work is full of 
 facts that can be found nowhere else ; for no one has had at com 
 mand richer or more costly materials, or has brought to them 
 greater ability or more persevering industry." 
 
 " There are more graceful narrators than Bancroft. There may 
 be annalists more searching and profound though we can scarcely 
 name them but for union of history and philosophy, the actual 
 and the ideal, in a continuous synthetic composition/he certainly 
 bears away the palm. . . . Mr. Bancroft's narrative is distinguished 
 for its freedom from vagueness, and its exact nicety of description. 
 In the sphere of facts, he deals in no unmeaning generalities. 
 Whether delineating character or natural scenery, his epithets are 
 choice, short-cut, and of expressive fidelity. He never falls into 
 the error, so common with inferior writers, of losing all distinct 
 
 but the basis of his work, and he builds upon it synthetically." ness of statement in a cloud of general assertions. He is always 
 Prose Writers of America, 4th ed., 1852, 405. (Notice of vols. i.-iii. | specific in his detail, instead of trusting to indefinite sketches. He 
 
 See also, to the same effect, N. Amer. Rev., Ixxxiv. 426 
 (by Rev. G. E. Ellis.) The London Monthly Review speak 
 with enthusiasm both of the author and his theme : 
 
 "Mr. Bancroft, who is an American himself, possesses the best 
 qualities of an historian. His diligent research, his earnest ye 
 tolerant spirit, and the sustained accuracy and dignity of his style 
 have been nobly brought to bear upon one of the grandest sub 
 jects that ever engaged the study of the philosopher, the legislator 
 or the historian. There can be no doubt of his being possessed o 
 the highest requisites of an historian." 
 
 Whilst there are many on this side of the Atlantic wh< 
 would not feel disposed to endorse without reservation th( 
 following imprimatur, the literary competency of the his 
 torian will be questioned by few : 
 
 " Bancroft is the acknowledged historian o/ the United States 
 lo him has been awarded by universal consent the task of makinr 
 the record of our nation's life, with a confidence in his ripe scholar 
 ship, extensive historical knowledge, just discrimination, and the 
 purity of his style, that has in no respect been disappointed. His 
 work is, and must be, the standard history of the country and as 
 such should reach every family, and be studied by every person 
 who would be acquainted with the events of our past existence " 
 We have stated that vol. 4th, being vol. 1st of the His 
 tory of the American Revolution, was published in 1852 
 It comprises a period of 16 years, from 1748 to 1763, and 
 is styled The American Revolution: Epoch First the 
 Overthrow of the European Colonial System. For the pre 
 paration of this volume Mr. Bancroft had a large stock of 
 
 valuable materials never before used 
 
 "Particularly the original, unpublished Journal of the Com 
 mittee of Correspondence of Massachusetts; letters from public 
 committees from places as far south as Savannah, most of them 
 unpublished, and never read by any writer of American history 
 and letters from almost every town and village in Massachusetts' 
 from very many m Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Con 
 necticut; unpublished letters, giving the history of the periods 
 from 1765 to 1776, from Samuel Adams, Benjamin Franklin as 
 agent for Massachusetts, John Adams, Richard Henry Lee Arthur 
 ;? o \V illiam Lee, Christopher Gadsden ; from Charles Thompson 
 Dickinson, and many others; a large file of most valuable letters' 
 from Joseph Warren; beside letters from William SSeott Josiah 
 Quincy, Jr., John Hancock, Gerry, Hawley, Dr. Cooper, and other 
 leading characters in New England." 
 From such materials and so skilful an architect, much 
 
 ected, and expectation was not disappointed. 
 i,.* IfZSTSf? 2Si.fi preliminary survey of the events that 
 its of the American Continent for th 
 
 d- 
 
 hrmTI , Y^ t W* WM * Open before them ' and ** contnued 
 through a period of fifteen momentous years, embracing th P SP, 
 years' war, the expulsion of the French from Cana^S the fS 
 
 does not paint in uncertain colours the localities which he wishes 
 to illustrate, but presents their natural features in prominent re 
 lief." GEO. RIPLET. 
 
 "At once a philosopher, a poet, a statesman, and an assiduous 
 student, it is not surprising that he has produced a monument of 
 genius and toil which embodies the highest attributes of the in 
 tellect, and will challenge the admiration of ages." New York 
 Quarterly Review. 
 
 " Among the historians who have attained a high and deserved 
 reputation in the United States, within the last few years, we are 
 inclined to yield the first place to George Bancroft. 
 
 " His experience in political and diplomatic life, no less than his 
 rare and generous culture, and his singular union of the highest 
 mental faculties, enable us to predict with confidence that his 
 work will be reckoned among the genuine masterpieces of historical 
 genius." Westminster Review. 
 
 Vol. vi., pub. 1854, comprises the history of eight years, 
 1766-74, bringing us down to the very verge of the Re 
 volution. It has received the high commendation of being 
 " in no respect inferior to its predecessors." In 1858 appeared 
 revised eds. of vols. i. and ii., and in the same year was pub. 
 vol. vii., being vol. i. of the American Revolution. 
 
 " This volume, while it forms the Continuation of the History as 
 already published, is the first of four volumes embracing the period 
 of the American Revolution, from the Blockade of Boston to the 
 Treaty of Peace at Paris, in 1782, and contains (in a great degree 
 from manuscript and unpublished sources) the history of the nation 
 during the first portion of this eventful period, including the 
 blockade of Boston Harbor, the general organization of the country, 
 the alteration of the Charter of Massachusetts, the resistance of the 
 people of Massachusetts, the spirit of the South, the Congress of 
 1774, the progress of measures in England, France, and elsewhere, 
 the battles of Lexington and Concord, the siege of Boston, the 
 Congress of 1775, the choice of Washington as commander-in-chief, 
 the battle of Bunker Hill, Ac." 
 
 " Having thus recognized the claims of the work in general 
 terms, we may be allowed a critical word or two. In the first place, 
 then, the absence of references, notwithstanding the author's ex 
 planation, is a great defect. We have heard much of the original 
 and unedited historic material in his possession, but fail to trace 
 any striking evidence thereof in the text. The ground over which 
 he leads us is familiar and endeared : Marshall and Sparks, Ramsay 
 and Gordon, Botta, Everett, and Frothingham, Irving, Lossing, 
 and others, have been our guides in the same series of events; and 
 we find little that is novel in the facts narrated by Mr. Bancroft. 
 The prominence given to Samuel Adams, the details of public 
 opinion and sentiment on both sides of the Atlantic, the sketches 
 f European character, and many generalizations, philosophic and 
 >ohtical, are the chief features of freshness ; and these do not always 
 .dd to the effect. Many of the longest quotations, though apt and 
 llustrative, are household words to us all. such as Lord Chatham's 
 amous speech, Burke's description of the whale-fishery, Logan's 
 
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 aboriginal eloquence, and Patrick Henry's appeal." H. T. TUCKER- 
 MAN. (Review of vol. vii., 1858.) 
 
 " In spite of all its partiality and all its short-comings, Mr. Ban 
 croft's work is a remarkable contribution to the history of that 
 great and memorable revolution. Possibly, had he been less 
 national he would have been less in earnest ; and it is good to have 
 an opportunity of seeing from all points of view." Lon. Critic. 
 (Review of vol. vii.) 
 
 " The opinion which we have more than once expressed upon 
 the style of Mr. Bancroft's History applies with full force to the 
 volume before us. It is exceedingly picturesque and bright and 
 processional, yet scarcely equal to the vigour of debate or the storm 
 of revolutionary battle. We have only glimpses of the men of the 
 Revolution, and are left to a good deal of surmise as to the secrets 
 of the time. We miss the authoritative notes that lighted up the 
 text of the earlier volumes, and cannot but, on the whole, express 
 our regret that the author has not had such complete access to 
 papers as would have given fulness and certainty to this without 
 doubt the only American National History." Lon. Athen., June 
 12, 1858. (Review of vol. vii.) 
 
 " Mr. Bancroft, who was Ambassador to London in 1846-49, had 
 
 the Government archives of England and France freely thrown open 
 
 to him for the purposes of this histor 
 
 was allowed free access to the private papers of the noble and 
 
 ry while thus engaged, and also 
 
 political families in both countries whose ancestors had been 
 mixed up in our contest. Well and wisely has he used them. 
 We had occasion, when his sixth volume appeared, to go over it 
 as critically as we could ; and it is to the credit of his accuracy that 
 we were able to discover only a single inaccuracy. That was where 
 he committed tautology, by speaking of ' the county of Yorkshire.' 
 Let us hope that the continuation of this national work will be 
 pushed forward with some rapidity. Nearly four years have elapsed 
 between the appearance of the two last volumes. Mr. Bancroft 
 describes battles as well as Sir William Napier, who fought them." 
 DR. R. SHELTON MACKENZIE. 
 
 Mr. B. pub. an Abridg. of his Hist, of the Colonization 
 of the U. States, 2 vols. 16mo, out of print, and not repub- 
 lished. In 1855, a vol. of his Miscellanies was pub., N. 
 York, 8vo, and has passed through several edits. 
 
 Bancroft, John. Sertorius ; a Tragedy, Lon., 1679. 
 
 Bancroft, Richard, 1544-1610, Archbishop of Can 
 terbury, was a native of Farmsworth in Lancashire. He 
 took the degree of B.A. at Christ's College, Cambridge, in 
 1567, and then removed to Jesus College. He was in fa 
 vour with Queen Elizabeth, whom he attended in her last 
 illness. She nominated him to the see of London, and 
 King James in 1604, promoted him to the Archbishopric 
 of Canterbury. He was a zealous opponent of the Puri 
 tans, and Clarendon thinks that had his life been prolonged, 
 he would have succeeded in destroying that formidable 
 power which after his death swallowed up both the Church 
 and the Monarchy. On the 12th of January, 1588, he 
 preached a sermon at St. Paul's Cross, in which he handled 
 the Puritans with great severity. See Hickes's Biblio- 
 theca Script. Eccles. Anglicanse. 
 
 In 1593 he published, 1. Dangerous Positions and Pro 
 ceedings published and practised within this Island of 
 Britain, under pretence of Reformation and of the Presby 
 terian Discipline. 2. A Survey of the pretended Holy 
 Discipline. These works 
 
 " Were liked and greatly commended by the learnedest men in 
 the realm." WHITGIFT. 
 
 Archbishop Bancroft was 
 
 " A person of singular courage and prudence in all matters relat 
 ing to the discipline and establishment of the Church." CAMDEN. 
 
 Bancroft, Thomas, b. probably about 1600, was 
 educated at Catherine Hall, Cambridge. Two Bookes of 
 Epigrammes and Epitaths. Dedicated to two top branches 
 of Gentry : Sir Charles Shirley, Baronet, and William 
 Davenport, Esq., London : printed by J. Okes, for Matthew 
 Walbancke, and ate to be sold at his shop in Grayes-Inne- 
 gate, 1639. This very rare volume contains 481 " Epi 
 grammes and Epitaths." Priced in Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 20. 
 In the first Book occur two "Epigrammes" on Shakspeare: 
 " Shooke thy Speare," seems to allude to his Crest, which 
 was a Falcon supporting a Spear. 
 
 Bancroft was a contributor to Lachrymae Musarum, 
 1650, in which his poem is thus inscribed : 
 
 " To the never-dying Memory of the noble Lord Hastings, &c., 
 the meanest son of the Muses consecrates this Elegie." Sib. Anglo- 
 
 See Dyce's account of James Shirley, the dramatist, 
 for his lines to that author. 
 
 Glutton's Feavers. This was reprinted for the members 
 cf the Roxburghe Club, by J. D. Phelps, Esq. In the 
 Restituta, vol. ii. p. 490-96, will be found 19 Epigrams 
 from Bancroft's first work. 
 
 Heroical Lover, Lon., 1658. Sold in the Reed Sale for 
 1 10. Qd. 
 
 Bancroft, Thomas. Prolusiones Poeticse, Lon.,1788. 
 
 Bandinel, Rev. Bulkeley. For many years he has 
 
 had the principal care of the Bodleian Lib., Oxford. Dug- 
 
 dale's Monasticon Anglicanum, to be completed in 4 vols : 
 
 Parts 1 and 2, 1813, fol. A Catalogue of Books relating to 
 
 112 
 
 British Topography and Saxon and North. Lit., bequeathed 
 to the Bodleian Library by Richard Gough, Esq., 1814 
 4to. 
 
 "The most complete catalogue of English Topography extant" 
 
 Bandinel, J. Lufra; a Poem, 12mo. Milton Dave- 
 nant, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Sermons, Devotional and Practical 
 12mo. Treatise on Slavery, 1842, r. 8vo. 
 
 Bandinell, James. Eight Sermons preached be 
 fore the University of Oxford, in 1780, Lon., 1780, on the 
 Doctrines of Christianity. 
 
 " These discourses manifest considerable abilities in their author. 
 Their style and language are generally easy, accurate, and expres^ 
 sive. They discover sense and ingenuity, learning and criticism 
 The subjects of them are chiefly the truth of Christianity, and its 
 peculiar doctrines." Monthly Review, 1781. 
 
 Banfill, S. A letter to D. Giddy, M.P., 1811. 
 
 Bangs, Nathan, D.D., b. 1778, at Stratford, Fairfield 
 co., Connecticut, entered the ministry of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church in 1801. 1. The Errors of Hopkinsian- 
 isin. 2. Predestination Examined. 3. Reformer Reformed. 
 4. Life of the Rev. Freeborn Garrettson. 5. History of Mis 
 sions. 6. An Original Church of Christ. 7. Hist, of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, 4 vols. 12mo. 8. Emancipa 
 tion. 9. State Prospects and Responsibilities of the M. E. 
 Church. 10. Letters on Sanctification. ll.Lifeof Arminius. 
 Dr. Bangs has contributed largely to the periodical litera 
 ture of his Church. By appointment of the Gen. Conference 
 he assumed the duties of editorship of the Christian Ad 
 vocate and Journal, and the oversight of all the books issued 
 from the Church establishment. As editor of the Quarterly 
 Review and of the Methodist Book Concern, he has been 
 widely useful to the ecclesiastical connexion of which he is 
 a member. 
 
 Banim, John, is4he author of a number of highly 
 popular novels. The Tales of the O'Hara Family, 1st and 
 2d series, 1825-26, excited a very strong interest in the pub 
 lic mind. 
 
 " He appears to know the affairs of his native land thoroughly, 
 and to have entered into all its circles." London Literary Gazette. 
 
 Croppy; a Tale of 1798, pub. in 1828. This work is 
 distinguished by Mr. Banim's graphic powers of descrip 
 tion. Anglo-Irish of the 19th Century, 1828. The De 
 nounced, 1830. Father Connell, 1842, 12mo ; 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " An excellent specimen of the O'Hara ware. . . . Good Father 
 Connell ought to be a welcome guest in Protestant as well as in 
 Catholic houses." Lon. Athen. 
 
 Bit o' Writin, 3 vols. p. Svo. Boyne Water, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 Crohoore of Bill-hook, 12mo. Ghost-Hunter and his Family, 
 12mo. John Doe, 12mo. Mayor of Wind-Gap, 3 vols. p. Svo. 
 Nowlans, 12mo. Smuggler, 12mo; new ed., 1857. He was 
 the author of the celebrated tragedy of Damon and Pythias. 
 See Life, with Extracts from his Correspondence by Patrick 
 John Murray, 12mo, 1857. 
 
 " The Ghost Hunter and his Family, and the Mayor of Wind- 
 Gap, and several other works, are proofs of Mr. Banim's remarkable 
 talent of eliciting the interest and sympathies of his reader. Fault 
 has been found with him on the ground that there is throughout 
 the whole of his writings a sort of overstrained excitement, a wil 
 ful dwelling upon turbulent and unehastened passions, which, as 
 it is a vice most incident to the workings of real genius, more 
 especially of Irish genius, so perhaps it is one which meets with least 
 mercy from well-behaved, prosaic people." Westminster Review. 
 
 Banister, A. A Model for a'School, by A. B. 
 
 Banister, James. Arts and Sciences, Lon., 1785. 
 
 Banister, John, a physician, studied at Oxford; he 
 took the degree of bachelor in 1573. 1. A Needful, New, 
 and Necessary Treatise of Chirurgery, Lon., 1575. 2. The 
 Historic of Man, sucked from the Sappe of the most ap 
 proved Anatomist, <fcc., Lon., 1578. He pub. several other 
 professional works. 
 
 Banister, John, and Thos. Low. New Ayres, Ac., 
 Lon., 1678. 
 
 Banister, John, an eminent botanist, born in Eng 
 land, settled in Virginia, where he was killed by a fall 
 from the rocks whilst on a botanical excursion. His death 
 cut short a work on which he was engaged The Natural 
 History of Virginia. " His herbarium came into the pos 
 session of Sir Hans Sloane, who thought it a valuable 
 acquisition." He contributed botanical papers to Phil. 
 Trans., 1693, 1700 ; and a Catalogue of Plants, observed 
 by him in Virginia, will be found in Ray's Historia Planta- 
 rum, 1704. Ray speaks of him as very eminent in his de 
 partment. Dr. Houston named a plant Banisteria, after 
 him, and Lawson remarks, 
 
 Banister, John. A Synopsis of Husbandry,Lon.,l 799. 
 
 Banister, Richard. A Treatise of 133 Diseases of 
 the Eyes and Eyelids, Lon., 1622 ; Tr. from Guillemeau. 
 
 " In my treatise of the Eyes, I have named the best oculists 
 that have been in this land for fifty or sixty years, who were no gra 
 duates either in Cambridge or Oxon." Extract from above work. 
 
BAN 
 
 Bankes, Henry, b. about 1757, d. 1835, was a great- 
 great-grandson of Sir John Bankes, Lord Chief Justice 
 of the Common Pleas in the reign of Charles I. He was 
 educated at Westminster, and Trinity College, Cambridge. 
 He became M.P., 1780, and was an acting and useful Trus 
 tee of the British Museum. In 1818 he pub. The Civil 
 and Constitutional History of Rome, from the foundation 
 to the Age of Augustus. This work met with but little 
 favour from the Quarterly Review. See Early History 
 of Rome, vol. xxvii. 273 : but audi alteram partem : 
 
 " Mr. Bankes, by his History, has undoubtedly rendered a service 
 to the literature of his country, and conferred material obligation 
 on the philosopher and the scholar. This work is written in a spirit 
 of inquiry and examination, which throws much light on subjects 
 that have hitherto been greatly neglected." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Bankes, Sir John, of Queen's Coll., Oxford, Lord 
 Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in the reign of Charles I. 
 A table of his Reports will be found in the Hargrave MSS., 
 No. 523. 
 
 " Bankes, the attorney, hath been commended that he exceeds 
 Bacon in eloquence, Chancellor Ellesmere in judgment, and Wil 
 liam Noy in Law." Letter of Lord Stratford. 
 
 Bankes, Lawr. Safe-Guard of the Soul, Lon., 1619. 
 
 Bankes, Thos. Concio ad Clerum Cantabrigiae Ha- 
 bita in Que. v. x., Lon., 1611. 
 
 Bankes, W. H. A Hebrew-Eng. Lexicon, Lon., 1812. 
 
 Banks* Religion and Reason Adjusted, Ac., Lon., 1 696. 
 
 Banks, Sir Jacob. Argument in the Case of Skip 
 Money. 
 
 Banks, John, a dramatic writer, was bred an attor- 
 ney-at-law, and at one time was a member of New Inn. 
 His pieces were very popular, and several of them main 
 tained possession of the stage for a long time. Rival 
 Kings, Lond., 1677. Destruction of Troy, 1679. Virtue 
 Betrayed, 1682. Island Queens, 1684. Unhappy Favour 
 ite, or the Earl of Essex, 1682. Innocent Usurper, 1694. 
 Cyrus the Great, 1696. A notice of his writings will be 
 found in the Biog. Dramat., where his power of interesting 
 the feelings is dwelt upon at length. 
 
 " Mr.Banks's writings hare in the general drawn more tears from, 
 and excited more terror in, even judicious audiences, than those 
 of much more correct and more truly poetical authors." 
 
 " Yesterday we were entertained with the tragedy of the Earl of 
 Essex, in which there is not one good line, [perhaps too severe !] 
 and yet a play which was never seen without drawing tears 
 from some part of the audience." SIR RICHARD STEELE : Tatler. 
 No. 14. 
 
 "His style gives alternate specimens of vulgar meanness and 
 of bombast. But even his dialogue is not destitute of occasional 
 nature and pathos ; and the value of his works as acting plays is 
 very considerable." Knight's Eng. Cyc. 
 
 Banks, John, 1709-1751, was born at Sunning, in 
 Berkshire. He wrote a number of poems, Ac. for periodi 
 cals, pub. for a time The Weaver's Miscellany, and assisted 
 in a Life of Christ. He pub. a Critical Review of the Life 
 of Oliver Cromwell, which has been frequently reprinted. 
 He was encouraged in his poetical efforts by Pope's sub 
 scribing for two copies of his book. 
 
 " A pleasing and acceptable companion, and a modest and unas 
 suming man, free from every inclination to indulge in contests, or 
 indulge envy or malevolence." Gibber's Lives. 
 
 Banks, John. Treatise on Mills, etc., 1795-1812. 
 
 Banks, Jona. Educational works, Ac.,Lon.,1679-1721. 
 
 Banks, Sir Joseph, 1743-1820. This distinguished 
 naturalist was born, according to some accounts, at Reves- 
 by Abbey, in Lincolnshire, the country-seat of his fa 
 ther, William Banks, Esq. Others judge, from the register 
 of his baptism, that he was born in Argyle street, London. 
 In 1760 he entered a gentleman commoner at Christ 
 Church, Oxford. After a voyage to Labrador and New 
 foundland, in 1768, he sailed in the Endeavour with Cap 
 tain Cook on his first circumnavigation of the world. In 
 this expedition he was accompanied by Dr. Solander, a 
 naturalist of great acquirements. A Short Account of the 
 Causes of the Diseases in Corn, called by Farmers the 
 Mildew and the Rust, Lon., 1803. Circumstances Relative 
 to Merino Sheep, chiefly collected from the Spanish Shep 
 herds, Lon., 1809. Contributions to Pennant's Tour in 
 Scotland, ( Account t>f Staffa;) to Archaeol., 1796 ; to Trans. 
 Hortic. Society, 1815 ; and to Nic. Jour., 1804. Sir Joseph 
 was President of the Royal Society from the year 1777 to 
 the time of his decease in 1820. 
 
 " Never perhaps has the chair been filled with more honour to 
 the individual, or more advantage to the interest of science. His 
 time, his wealth, his influence, his talents, an incomparable libra 
 ry of science and art; knowledge and judgment to advise; affabi 
 lity to conciliate and encourage ; generosity to assist; all, in short, 
 of which he possessed, and it was all something either goodness or 
 greatness, he made the patrimony of the studious and learned, not 
 of his own country, but of the whole world." Lon. Gent. Mag., 1820. 
 
 Sir Joseph left his books and botanical collection to the 
 British Museum. 
 
 8 
 
 BAN 
 
 Catalogus Bibliothecse historieo naturalis Josephi Banks, 
 Baroneti, Ac., Auctore Jona. Dryander, Londini, 1798- 
 1800, 5 vols. 
 
 " An excellent and admirable arranged catalogue, certainly the 
 most comprehensive of the kind ever published. It contains a 
 collection of all the articles in the library, and is illustrated with 
 much curious and important information." 
 
 5 to 6 have been paid for this catalogue at public sales. 
 
 Banks, P. W. Railways of Europe and America, Ac. 
 Remarks and Suggestions concerning the Trial of Contro 
 verted Elections, or Returns of Members to serve in Par 
 liament, Lon., 1838. 
 
 " This pamphlet adds one more to the numerous proofs already 
 existing, of how much easier it is to find fault with the work of 
 others, than to show how things may be done better ; to call the 
 Reform Bill a piece of most clumsy legislation, than to give any 
 reasonable and tangible remedy for its defects." 
 
 Banks, Robert. Sermon, Ps. cxix. 136, 1700. 
 
 Banks, Thomas Christopher, 1760-1854. Dor 
 mant and Extinct Baronage of England, from the Norman 
 Conquest to the Year 1809, Lon., 1807-09, 3 vols. 4to. 
 
 " A work of no merit. The greater part of its contents was co 
 pied from Dugdale's Baronage ; but as many of that -writer's most 
 important statements, and all his references to his authorities, are 
 omitted, it is of infinitely less value. The account of titles created 
 since Dugdale wrote, is chiefly taken from Collins." LOWNDES. 
 
 Stemmata Anglicana, Lon., 1825. 
 
 " The only valuable portion of the work is that entitled Barones 
 Rejecti, being an account of individuals who appear to have held 
 the rank of Barons, but who are not noticed by other writers, 
 which in many instancesexhibits proofs of considerable research." 
 Ibid. 
 
 See Monthly Review, vol. liv., 1807. Mr. Banks has 
 pub. several works of a similar character to the above. 
 
 Bankton, Lord Andrew McDouall. Institutes 
 of the Law of Scotland in Civil Rights, Ac., Edin., 1750. 
 
 Bannantine, James. Memoirs of Col. Despard, 
 1799. Other publications, 1803-15. 
 
 Bannatyne,Dugald. Essay on Polit. Economy, 1816. 
 
 Bannatyne, George, 1545-1607, was the compiler 
 of the celebrated MS. Corpus Poeticum Scotorum, now in 
 the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. The MS. was for a 
 long time preserved in the family of Mrs. Foulis, (Banna- 
 tyne's daughter.) In 1712 it came into the hands of the 
 Hon. Wm. Carmichael of Stirling, brother to the Earl of 
 Hyndford. In 1772 it was presented by the then earl to 
 the Advocates' Library. Allen Ramsey drew the specimens 
 in his Evergreen from this MS. Sir David Dalrymple, 
 afterwards Lord Hailes, published a selection from it in 
 1770, 12mo. A reprint, Leeds, 1815, 200 copies on com 
 mon paper, and 31 on coloured paper. Of Bannatyne we 
 know but little. Sir Walter Scott remarks, (Diary,) 
 
 "Wrought upon an introduction to the notices which have been 
 recovered of George Bannatyne. . . . They are very jejune, these 
 same notices ; a mere record of matters of business, putting forth 
 and calling in sums of money, and such like. Yet it is a satisfac 
 tion to know that thjs great benefactor to the literature of Scot 
 land had a prosperous life, and enjoyed the pleasures of domestic 
 society, and in a tune peculiarly perilous lived unmolested, and 
 died in quiet." 
 
 The Memorials of George Bannatyne, 1545-1608, edited 
 by Sir Walter Scott and D. Laing, Esq., was pub. in 1826 : 
 it is No. XXXI. of the works issued by the Bannatyne 
 Club. This club was founded in 1823 by Sir Walter Scott, 
 an4 he regularly presided over its meetings, from 1823 to 
 1831. It consisted originally of only 31 members; but as 
 many persons of rank and literary distinction were anx 
 ious to become connected with it, in 1828 the number 
 was increased to 100. 
 
 " The Bannatyne Club was a child of his own, and from first to 
 last he took a most fatherly concern in all its proceedings. His 
 
 Sractical sense dictated a direction of their funds widely different 
 om what had been adopted by the Roxburghe. Their club-books 
 already constitute a very curious and valuable library of Scottish 
 history and antiquities : their example has been followed with not 
 inferior success by the Maitland Club of Glasgow which was 
 soon afterwards instituted on a similar model, and of which, also, 
 Sir Walter Scott was a zealous associate ; and since his death a 
 third club of this class, founded at Edinburgh in his honour, and 
 styled the Abbotsford Club, has taken a still wider range ; not 
 confining their printing to works connected with Scotland, but 
 admitting all materials that can throw light on the ancient history 
 or literature of any country, anywhere described or discussed by 
 the author of Waverley." Lockhart's Life of Scott. 
 
 Sir Walter's hope expressed in his Diary "I hope the 
 Bannatyne Club will be really useful and creditable," 
 has been amply fulfilled : Q. E. D. by the list of its pub 
 lications recorded in "Hume's Learned Societies and Print 
 ing Clubs." We have a noble specimen of its press now 
 before us ; the Catalogue of the Library at Abbotsford, 
 presented to the President and Members by Major Sir 
 Walter Scott, (December, 1838.) This grand catalogue 
 was compiled by that able bibliographer, Mr. Cochrane, 
 of the London Library. 
 
 113 
 
BAN 
 
 In some instances Sir Walter's MS. notes to the various books 
 have been extracted, but there are numberless references to his 
 works where the books have been used or quoted." 
 
 Think of that, thou non-possessor, and weep! Thrice 
 happy niay that man deem himself who can " number in 
 his list" of BIBLIOGRAPHY a copy of the ABBOTSFORD 
 CATALOGUE! And here we have it, "sub oculis mani- 
 busque !" 
 
 Bannatyne, Richard, Secretary to John Knox. 
 Journal of the Transactions in Scotland during the Con 
 test between the Adherents of Queen Mary and those of 
 her son, in 1570, '71, '72, '73, Edin., 1806. 
 
 Bannatyne, Sir Wm., 1743-1834, an eminent Scot 
 tish lawyer, one of the founders of the Highland Society i 
 of Scotland, contributed some pieces, which have been 
 highly commended, to the Mirror and Lounger. 
 
 Banner, Richard. On Symony, Lon., 1716. 
 
 Banner, Richard. Music at Worcester; a Sermon, 
 
 1737. 
 
 Bannerman,Anne. Poems, Ed. 1800. Tales, 1802. | 
 
 Bannister, Rev. James. Translation from Euri- i 
 pides, Lon., 1780. Pindar, 1791. Other works, 1785-1802. ! 
 
 Bannister, S. Reports of Judgments by Sir Orlando i 
 Bridgman, from M. T., 1660, to T. T., 1667, edited from the 
 Hargrave MSS., Lon., 1823. 
 
 Bansley, Charles. A Rhyming Satire on the Pride ; 
 and Vices of Women now-a-days. Black letter, commenc 
 ing with 
 
 " Bo-peep, what have we spied ?" 
 
 This author, unfortunate in having lived in such evil 
 days, has affixed no date to his ill-natured Satire against 
 the ladies. Perhaps he was an unworthy, and, therefore, 
 justly rejected, suitor, and revenged himself by this 
 wholesale attack on the sex. This is supposed to have 
 been written circa 1540. 
 
 Banson, John. A Fast Sermon, Lon., 1730. 
 
 Banvard, Rev. Joseph. Illust. of the Life, &c. 
 of Danl. Webster, N. York, 16mo. Plymouth and the 
 Pilgrims, 16mo. Novelties of the New World, 16mo. 
 Romance of American History, 16mo. The Christian 
 Melodist, 18mo. 
 
 Banyer, Edward. Sermons, Lon., 1739-47. 
 
 Banyer, Henry, M.D. Profess. Works, Lon., 1717-40. 
 
 Banyer, Josiah. Sermon, Heb. xi. 29, 1666. 
 
 Barbauld, Anna Letitia, 1743-1825, was born at 
 Kibworth, Leicester, where her father, the Rev. John 
 Aikin, LL.D., a Dissenting minister, was master of an ex 
 cellent academy. See the memoir of her brother, Dr. 
 John Aikin, in this volume. She gave early indications 
 of uncommon powers of mind, which were cultivated by 
 a thorough English and classical education. In 1773 she 
 was persuaded to publish a volume of miscellaneous 
 poems, which was so well received that four editions were 
 issued within the year. In the same year her brother and 
 herself published a volume of Miscellaneous Pieces in 
 Prose. In 1774 she was married to the Rev. Rochemont 
 Barbauld, a Dissenting minister, descended from a family 
 of French Protestants. The newly-married pair opened a 
 school at the village of Palgrave, and Mrs. Barbauld's 
 literary fame, and her devotion to the duties of instruc 
 tion, soon secured celebrity and success to the academy. 
 Her Early Lessons for Children, and Hymns in Prose for 
 Children, proved useful, not only to her own pupils, but 
 also to many thousands who have lived to carry out the 
 excellent principles inculcated by these invaluable ma 
 nuals for the young. In 1775 appeared her Devotional 
 Pieces, composed from the Psalms and the Book of Job. 
 
 "The author of the thoughts prefixed to these Devotional 
 Pieces hath employed her able and masterly pen to show that a 
 devotional spirit is not beneath the attention of the most culti 
 vated and philosophical spirits, or, in the expressive words which 
 she has chosen for the motto of her work, that 
 
 Praise is devotion jit for migMy minds. 
 
 . . . Before we take our leave of this ingenious production, the 
 author will pardon us if we express a wish that she would not 
 suffer herself to be so enamored of David's harp, as entirely to lay 
 aside her own charming lyre." Lon. Monthly Review, 1785. 
 
 In 1785 Mr. and Mrs. Barbauld, finding repose neces 
 sary, gave up their school, and visited Switzerland and 
 France, where they remained for nearly a twelvemonth. 
 In 1790 Mrs. Barbauld published A Poetical Epistle to 
 Mr. Wilberforce, on the Rejection of the Bill for Abolish 
 ing the Slave Trade. In 1792 appeared Remarks on Gil 
 bert Wakefield's Inquiry into the Expediency and Proprie 
 ty of Public and Social Worship. 
 
 Evenings at Home, the joint production of Mrs. Bar- 
 bauld and her brother, Dr. John Aikin, was commenced 
 in 1792, and completed in 1795, in 6 vols. In this excel 
 lent work Mrs. Barbauld's share was not considerable. It 
 
 114 
 
 BAR 
 
 is said that not more than one-twelfth of the whole was 
 contributed by her pen. See more respecting Evenings 
 at Home in memoir of Dr. John Aikin. 
 
 In 1802 Mr. Barbauld became pastor of a congregation 
 at Newington-Green, and a resident of the village of 
 Stoke-Newington. Mrs. Barbauld pub., in 1804, Selec 
 tions from the Spectator, Tatler, Guardian, and Free 
 holder. In the same year she contributed a Life of Samuel 
 Richardson to his Correspondence. In 1808 she was 
 called to mourn the death of her husband, who had given 
 up the exercise of his ministerial duties two years previ 
 ously. In 1810 she edited a series of the British Novel 
 ists, pub. in 50 vols. The Female Spectator appeared in 
 1811; and in the next year was pub. Eighteen Hundred 
 and Eleven, a Poem of a political character, and any 
 thing but cheerful in its tone. 
 
 This excellent lady lived to the advanced age of 82. An 
 edition of her works was published in two volumes after 
 her death, with a memoir of the authoress, by her niece 
 Lucy, daughter of Dr. John Aikin, herself a writer of 
 considerable note. Mrs. Barbauld's imitation of Dr. 
 Johnson, in her Essays on Romance, was thus noticed by 
 the doctor himself: 
 
 "The imitators of my style have not hit it. Miss Aikin has 
 done it the best; for she has imitated the sentiments as well us 
 the diction." BoswtWs Life of Johnson. 
 
 We find another reference by the Doctor to Miss Aikin : 
 " Too much is expected from precocity, and too little performed. 
 Miss Aikin was an instance of early cultivation, but in what did 
 it terminate ? In marrying a little Presbyterian parson, who keeps 
 an infant boarding-school, so that all her employment now is 
 
 ' To suckle fools, and chronicle small beer.' 
 
 She tells the children, ' This is a cat, and that is a dog, with four 
 legs and a tail ; see there ! you are much better than a cat or a dog, 
 for you can speak.' If I had bestowed such an education on a 
 daughter, and had discovered that she thought of marrying such 
 a fellow, I would have sent her to the Congress." 
 
 Nemo mortalium omnibus horia sapit ; and this is one of 
 the many very foolish speeches of a very wise man. Could 
 the highly-educated young lady have been better employed 
 than in promoting the mental, moral, and religious im 
 provement of those who were in a few years to influence 
 society so greatly for good or for evil ? 
 
 " Her earliest pieces, as well as her more recent ones, exhibit in 
 their imagery and allusions the fruits of extensive and varied 
 reading. In youth the power of her imagination was counter 
 balanced by the activity of her intellect, which exercised itself in 
 rapid but not unprofitable excursions over almost every field of 
 knowledge. In age, when this activity abated, imagination ap 
 peared to exert over her an undiminished sway." LUCY AIKIN. 
 
 " To claim for Mrs. Barbauld the praise of purity and elevation 
 of mind, might well appear superfluous. She is decidedly one of 
 , the most eminent female writers which England has produced; 
 and both in prose and poetry she takes the highest rank. Her 
 prose style is easy and graceful, alike calculated to engage the most 
 ! common and the most elevated understanding." C. D. CLEVELAND. 
 Of her songs, Charles James Fox is said to have been a 
 ! warm admirer. 
 
 " The moral qualities of this admirable woman reflected back a 
 double lustre on her intellectual endowments. Her principles were 
 pure and exalted, her sentiments on all occasions mild, candid, 
 and generous. . . . Her society was equally a benefit and a de 
 light to all within her sphere. She possessed many and warm 
 friends, and passed through a long life without an enemy." ion. 
 Gent. Mag., 1825. 
 
 Barber. Book of Psalm Tunes, in four parts, 1687. 
 Barber, Capt. Military Treatises, 1804-05. 
 Barber, Ed. Treatise of Baptism, Lon., 1641. 
 Barber, Elizabeth G. See BARBER, JOHN W. 
 Barber, J. T. A Tour throughout South Wales and 
 Monmouthshire, <fec., with a Map and 20 Views. This 
 i work, although chiefly picturesque, describes the manners 
 j of the people. 
 
 Barber, Jas. The Navy the Sole Defence of the 
 1 Nation ; a Sermon on Ps. cvii. 23, 24, 1735. 
 
 Barber, John, of All Souls' College, Oxford, graduated 
 doctor of civil law in 1532. He resided with, and was 
 greatly esteemed by, Archbishop Cranmer. He contributed 
 to the compilation of The Necessary Doctrine and Erudi 
 tion of a Christian Man. 
 
 Barber, John W., born 1798, 'at Windsor, Conn. 
 History and Antiquities of New Haven, 12mo, 1831. Re 
 ligious Events from the Commencement of the Christian 
 Era, 12mo, 1832. Connecticut Historical Collections, Svo, 
 1836; of this work several editions have been issued. 
 Massachusetts Historical Collections, Svo, 1839. Incidents 
 in American History, 12mo, 1847. Elements of General 
 History, 16mo, 1844. Religious Emblems and Allegories, 
 12mo, 1848. European Historical Collections, Svo, 1855. 
 In connection with H. Howe, New York Historical Collec 
 tions, Svo, 1841. New Jersey Historical. Collections, 8vo, 
 1844. In connection with Elizabeth G. Barber, Historical, 
 ; Poetical, and Pictorial American Scenes, 12rno, 1850. 
 
BAR 
 
 Barber, Joseph. Six Sermons on Regeneration, 
 1770. Sermon on the death of the Rev. N. Trottman, 
 Lon., 1793. 
 
 Barber, Mary, 1712 F-1757, one of Dean Swift's lite 
 rary friends, pub. a volume of Poems, 1734, 4to, under the 
 patronage of Lord Orrery and the Dean. 
 
 " The}' are moral, and not inelegant." 
 
 Barber, Wm. Farm Buildings and Rural Economy, 
 Lon., 1805, etc. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Barbier, J. The Famous Game of Chesse Play, 
 Lon., 1672. 
 
 " A treatise of no merit." LOWNDES. 
 
 Barbier, John. Liturgy, a most divine Service, in 
 answer to a late pamphlet against it; also twelve Argu 
 ments against Bishops are clearly answered, Oxf., 1663. 
 
 Barbon, Nicholas. A work on Coining, Lon., 1696. 
 
 Barbot, John. A Description of the Coasts of North 
 and South Guinea, and of Ethiopia Inferior, vulgarly called 
 Angola. See Churchill's Voyages, vol. v* p. 1. 
 
 Barbour, Barber, Barbere, or Barbar, John, 
 Archdeacon of Aberdeen, d. 1396, is one of the earliest 
 Scottish poets and historians. The date (1316-20-26-30 ?) 
 and place of his birth are involved in obscurity : both have 
 excited much controversy : (see the dissertations of Irving, 
 Pinkerton, Henry, Jamieson, Warton, Lord Hailes, Ac.) 
 The only production of his extant may be entitled a na 
 tional work : it is called The Bruce, and is a metrical 
 chronicle of the warlike deeds of Robert the First (1306- 
 1329) in his efforts for the independence of his beloved 
 country. Dr. Henry is of opinion that this work was un 
 dertaken at the request of David II., the son and successor 
 of Barbour's hero; but of this we have no evidence. Bar 
 bour appears to have composed another book, most probably 
 in rhyme, in which a genealogical history of the Kings of 
 Scotland was set forth, and their origin deduced from the 
 Trojan Colony of Brutus. To this work, apparently the 
 same which is quoted by the Prior of Lochleven, under 
 the title of the Brute, we find references in Winton's 
 Chronicle : 
 
 " Fra quham BARBERE sutely 
 Has made a propyr Genealogy, 
 Tyl Robert cure secovrnd kyng, 
 That Scotland had in governyng. 
 " Of Bruttus lyneage quha wyll her, 
 He luk the tretis of BARBERE, 
 Mad in-tyl a Genealogy 
 Rycht vrele, and mare perfytly 
 Than I can on ony wys 
 Wytht all my wyt to yowe dewys." 
 
 Winton's Chronyldl of Scotland; quoted by Dr. Irving in Encyc. 
 Brit.: see this article. 
 
 Editions of The Bruce were pub. in 1616, 1648, 1655, 
 1670, 1671, 1672, 1737, 1758, Ac., in all, it is said, 20 edi 
 tions have been pub. in Scotland since 1616. In 1790 Mr. 
 Pinkerton pub. an edition in 3 vols. ; and in 1820 Dr. 
 Jamieson pub. one in 2 vols., with a Life of the Author 
 prefixed. Warton notices Barbour and Henry the Minstrel 
 in these terms : 
 
 ' Although this work is professedly confined to England, yet I 
 cannot pass over two Scotch poets of this period, who have adorned 
 the English language by a strain of versification, expression, and 
 poetical imagery far superior to their age ; and who, consequently, 
 deserve to be mentioned in a general review of the progress of our 
 national poetry." History of English Poetry, vol. ii. 
 
 The historian had some claim to include Barbour in his 
 worthies, as his is one of the eminent names that adorn 
 the proud scroll of Oxford. In 1357 a safe-conduct was 
 granted by Edward III. of England, by request of David 
 II. of Scotland, to "John Barber, Archdeacon of Aber 
 deen, with three scholars in his company, coming [into 
 England] in order to study in the University of Oxford, 
 and perform his scholastic exercises." We need not inform 
 the scholar conversant with literary history, that it is still 
 a mooted point what we are to understand by this phrase 
 ology : our own opinion is that the safe-conduct of 1357 
 can be easily interpreted by the aid of a similar document 
 of 1364, and the one which refers to France, dated 1368. 
 But we have no space for the discussion of "mooted points;" 
 therefore must hasten on. 
 
 " Barbour seems to have been acquainted with those finer springs 
 of the human heart which elude vulgar observation : he catches 
 the shades of character with a delicate eye, and sometimes pre 
 sents us with instances of nice discrimination. His work is not 
 a mere narrative of events ; it contains specimens of that minute 
 and skilful delineation whichmarks the hand of a poet." Dr. Ir- 
 ring's Lives of the Scottish Poets. 
 
 Mr. Pinkerton speaks of Barbour in no measured terms 
 of commendation : 
 
 " Perhaps the editor may be accused of nationality, when he 
 says, that, taking the total merits of this work together, he prefers 
 it to the early exertions of even the Italian muse, to the melan 
 choly sublimity of Dante, and the amorous quaintnessof Petrarca, 
 
 BAR 
 
 as much as M. Le Grand does & fabliau to a Provengal ditty. Here 
 indeed the reader will find few of the graces of fine poetry, little 
 of the attic dress of the muse ; but here are life and spirit, and 
 ease and plain sense, and pictures of real manners, and perpetual 
 incident and entertainment. The language is remarkably good 
 for the time, and for superior in neatness and elegance even to that 
 of Gawin Douglass, who wrote more than a century after." Pre 
 face to Barbour. 
 
 With regard to the language of The Bruce, it is cer 
 tainly " very remarkable that Barbour, who was contem 
 porary with Gower and Chaucer, is more intelligible to a 
 modern reader than either of these English poets." 
 
 " Our archdeacon was not only famous for his extensive know 
 ledge in the philosophy and divinity of those times, but still more 
 admired for his admirable genius for English poetry ; in which he 
 composed a history of the life and glorious actions of Robert Bruce. . . 
 A work not only remarkable for a copious circumstantial detail of 
 the exploits of that illustrious prince, and his brave companions 
 in arms, Randolff, Earl of Moray, and the Lord James Douglass, 
 but also for the beauty of its style, which is not inferior to that 
 of his contemporary, Chaucer." Henry's History of Great Britain : 
 Mackenzie's Lives. 
 
 Dr. Nott, also, speaks of the resemblance to Chaucer : 
 
 " He had given to his countrymen a fine example of the simple, 
 energetic style, which resembled Chaucer's best manner, and 
 wanted little to make it the genuine language of poetry." Diss. 
 on the State of English Poetry, <6c. 
 
 But Mr. Spalding does not set quite so high an estimate 
 on the Archdeacon's poetry : 
 
 " If we were to compare it with the contemporary poetry of Eng 
 land, its place would be very high; Chaucer being set aside as 
 unapproachable, Barbour must be pronounced much superior to 
 Gower, and still more so to the anonymous writers of the very 
 best of the metrical romances." History of English Literature. 
 
 " Sir Walter Scott, whose ' Lord of the Isles' owes much to ' The 
 Bruce,' and might profitably be compared with it, has not forgot 
 ten one of the finest of those passages in which we are told how 
 the king, pursued by a superior force, ordered his band to turn 
 and face the enemy, rather than abandon to them a poor woman 
 who had been seized with illness." Ibid. 
 
 See a letter from Sir Walter Scott to George Ellis, May 
 26, 1805 : 
 
 " If you will turn to Barbour's Bruce, (Pinkerton's edition, p. 66,) 
 you will find that the Lord of Lorn, seeing Bruce covering the re 
 treat of his followers, compares him to Gow Mac Morn, (Macpher- 
 son's Gaul, the son of Morni.) This similitude appears to Barbour 
 a disparagement." Lockhart's Life of Scott. 
 
 Barbour, Oliver Lorenzo, born 1811 in Washing 
 ton co., N. Y. 1. Equity Digest, embracing English, Irish, 
 and American Reports, 4 vols. 8vo, 1836-41. 
 
 " To the student and practitioner in Chancery this book will be 
 a valuable, and almost necessary, key to the multitudinous deci 
 sions in Chancery which are scattered throughout upwards of 300 
 vols. of American Reports." Am. Jurist, vol. 17, p. 366. 
 
 2. Collyer on Partnership, edited with notes and refer 
 ences to recent decisions, 1838. 3. Chitty on Bills, edited 
 with notes and references to recent decisions, 2d ed., 1841. 
 4. Criminal Law ; A Treatise on Criminal Law, and on the 
 Jurisdiction, Duty, and Authority of Justices of the Peace, 
 and the Power and Duty of Sheriffs, Constables, <fec. in 
 Criminal Cases, 8vo, 2d ed., 1852. 
 
 " We heartily recommend it to the profession, to magistrates, to 
 District Attorneys, and to all those who are desirous of becoming 
 familiar with Criminal Law." 10 Legal Observer, p. 224. 
 
 5. A Treatise on the Law of Set-off, 1841. 6. A Trea 
 tise on the Practice of the Court of Chancery, 2 vols., 1843. 
 
 " The work of Mr. Barbour on Chancery Practice appears to mo 
 entitled to high approbation for its completeness, accuracy, and 
 clear method." JUDGE STORY. 
 
 7. Reports of Cases decided in the Court of Chancery 
 of the State of New York, 3 vols., 1847-49. 
 
 " The Reports of Mr. Barbour, both in Law and Equity, sustain 
 a high rank in Legal Bibliography." 2 Law Reporter, N. S., 271. 
 
 " The precision and neatness which characterize these Reports 
 are worthy the author of one of the best works on Chancery Prac 
 tice which has been written in this country." Pennsylvania Law 
 Journal. 
 
 8. Reports of Cases decided in the Supreme Court of 
 the State of New York, 18 vols., 1848-54. 
 
 " The selection of the cases appears most judicious : the prepara 
 tion of the points, or head-notes, to each case, exhibits a combina 
 tion of care and skill ; and the same may be said of the index, 
 which is so full and complete, that a reference to any of the points 
 decided is a matter of easy attainment." Code Reporter, Aug., 1849. 
 
 " The way in which these cases have been reported by Mr. Bar 
 bour reflects great credit upon him." 8 Legal Observer, p. 240. 
 
 Barbour, Robt. An Essay on Weaving, Glasg., 1 759. 
 
 Barbut, Jas. Genera Insectorum of Linnaeus, Lon.. 
 1781. 
 
 "Indispensable to the student In Linnsean Entomology." 
 HAWORTH. 
 
 Genera Vermium, Lon., 1783-88. 
 
 Barchnam or Barkham, John, 1572-1642, a di 
 vine and antiquary, admitted of Exeter College, Oxf., 1587, 
 
 " Was a person very skilful in divers tongues, a curious critic, a 
 noted antiquary, especially in the knowledge of coins, an exact His 
 torian, Herald, and, as 'tis said, an able Theologist." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 He wrote the Lives of Kings Henry II. and John, in 
 
BAR 
 
 BAR 
 
 Speed's History of England; and was author of a Pre 
 face to Crakanthorpe's Defensio Ecclesiae Anglicanse, Lon., 
 1625. But the most remarkable fact in his literary history 
 is his authorship of The Display of Heraldry, Lon., 1610, 
 bearing the name of John Guillim. Anthony Wood, after 
 remarking that this book was "much used by Novices, 
 and the best in that kind that ever before was published," 
 proceeds 
 
 "This book being mostly composed in his younger years, he 
 deemed it too light a subject for him to own, being then (when 
 published) a grave Divine, Chapl. to an Archbishop, and not un 
 likely a Dean. Whereupon, being well acquainted with John Guil- 
 lim, an Officer of Arms, he gave him the copy, who, adding some 
 trivial things to it, published it, with leave from the author, un 
 der his own name, and it goeth to this day under the name of 
 Guillim's Heraldry. He also wrote a book concerning coins in MS., 
 but where it is now I know not. Sure I am that he had the best 
 Collection of Coins of any Clergyman in England, which being 
 given by him to Dr. Laud, Archb. of Cant., (who much desired 
 them,) they came soon after, by his gift, to Bodley's Library, and 
 are at this day reposed in the Gallery adjoining." Athen. Oxon. 
 Fuller also refers to his coin-collecting propensity : 
 " He was a greater lover of coins than of money ; rather curious 
 in the stamps than covetous for the metal thereof." Worthies. 
 
 Barckley, Sir Richard. Discourse of the Felicitie 
 of Man, or his Summum Bonum, Lon., 1598 : reprinted 
 1603, 1631. 
 
 " A garner filled with the most amusing and best histories and 
 little narrations, told in the author's own words, and occasionally 
 enlarged, but in perfect keeping and consistency. ... It purports 
 to be an ethical treatise on human happiness, consisting of six 
 books. In the first, the author offers to prove, and by example to 
 show, that felicity consists not in pleasure ; in the second, not 
 in riches ; in the third, not in honour and glory ; in the fourth, 
 not in moral virtue, after the academicks and peripateticks, nor in 
 philosophical contemplation; in the fifth, he declares his own 
 opinion of the happiness of this life ; and in the sixth, he shows 
 wherein consists the true felicity and Summum Bonum of man, 
 and the way to attain it." Retrospective Review, vol. i. 271. Read 
 this interesting article, which contains extracts. 
 
 The good knight, after considering the disappointment 
 to which those are subjected who are still anxiously in 
 quiring " who will show us any good ?" comes to a con 
 clusion which we trust each one of our readers will endorse. 
 " To worship and glorifie God in this life, that we may be joined 
 to him in the world to come, is our beatitude, or Summum Bonum." 
 Barclay, Barcley, Barklay, or de Barklay, 
 Alexander, d. 1552, at an advanced age, is supposed by 
 Wood to have been a native of Somersetshire, or its vici 
 nity; Warton assigns him to Gloucestershire, or Devon 
 shire ; Bale and Pits are of opinion that he was from north 
 of the Tweed, and Dr. Bulleyn declares he was a Scotch 
 man. In 1495 we find him of Oriel College, Oxford. He 
 was first a priest of the college of St. Mary Ottery, in De 
 vonshire ; secondly, of the order of St. Benedict ; thirdly, of 
 the order of St. Francis. After the dissolution of the monas 
 tery of Ely, he became vicar of Wokey, in Somersetshire, was 
 afterwards translated to Baddow Magna in Essex ; and last 
 ly was presented to the vicarage of All Saints, Lombard 
 Street, on April 30, 1552 ; a few weeks after which, he died. 
 The principal work in which Barclay was concerned is 
 one the very mention of which excites the enthusiasm of the 
 true Bibliomaniac. It is entitled THE SHYP OP FOLYS OF 
 THE WORLDE, and was printed by Pynson, in 1509. It 
 is founded upon the original work of this name, of Sebas 
 tian Brandt a German satire upon the follies of all ranks 
 and upon the French and Latin translation thereof. 
 Barclay's poem is in the balade, or octave, stanza: we give 
 an extract which is as severe a satire on the ignorant book- 
 collector as the invective of Lucian, or the humour of 
 La Bruy^re : 
 
 The First Fool in the Ship is the Ignorant Bookworm : 
 (loquitur:) 
 
 " Lo in likewise of Bookes I have store, 
 But few I reade, and fewer understande; 
 I folowe not their doctrine, nor their lore. 
 It is enough to bear a booke in hande : 
 It were too much to be in such a lande, 
 For to be bounde to lok e within the booke: 
 I am content on the fayre coveryng to looke. . . . 
 " Still am I busy bookes assembling, 
 For to have plentie it is a pleasaunt thing, 
 In my concey t to have them ay in hand ; 
 But what they meane do I not understande. 
 But yet I have them in great reverence 
 And honour, saving them from filth and ordure ; 
 By often brushing and much diligence : 
 Full goodly bounde in pleasaunt coverture 
 Of dames, sattin, orels of velvet pure: 
 I keepe them sure fearing lest they should be lost, 
 For in them is the cunning wherein I me boast. 
 " But if it fortune that any learned man 
 Within my house fall to disputation, 
 I drawe the curtaynes to shewe my bokes then, 
 That they of my cunning should make probation : 
 I love not to fell in alternation : 
 116 
 
 And while the common, my bookes I turne and winde, 
 For all is in them, and nothing in my minde." Warton's 
 History of Eng, Poetry ; which see for a copious account of Bar 
 clay's writings. 
 
 " There are few books more interesting to the collector, than 
 editions of the SHYP of FOLYS, of which Pynson's has the dis 
 tinguished honour of being the parent impression in our own 
 country." 
 
 Vide Dibdin's edition of Ames, vol. ii. p. 431, where will 
 be found a particular description of this rare volume, with 
 specimens of the curious engravings on wood. 
 
 " All ancient satirical writings, even those of an inferior cast, 
 have their merit, and deserve attention, as they transmit pictures 
 of familiar manners, and preserve popular customs. In this light, 
 at least, Barclay's Ship of Fools, which is a general satire on the 
 tunes, will be found entertaining. Nor must it be denied, that his 
 language is more cultivated than that of many of his contempora 
 ries, and that he contributed his share to the improvement of the 
 English phraseology. His author, Sebastian Brandt, appears to 
 have been a man of universal erudition, and his work, for the 
 most part, is a tissue of citations from the ancient poets and his 
 torians." WARTOX. 
 
 Barclay's abilities gained him great distinction, even in 
 his life-time : 
 
 " He was admired for his wit and eloquence, and for a fluency 
 of style not common in that age. This recommended him to many 
 noble patrons. . . . That he was a polite writer, a great refiner of 
 the English tongue, and left behind him many testimonies of his 
 wit and learning, cannot be denied." 
 
 Bale treats his memory with great indignity, but Pits 
 assures us that he was devoted to the promotion of religion 
 and to personal improvement. THE SHYP OF FOLYS, espe 
 cially Pynson's edition, 1509, is a very rare work. A copy 
 in the Bibl. Anglo-Poet, is priced 105; Cawood's edition, 
 1570, 12 12s. De Worde printed an edition in 1517, 
 translated by H. Watson into prose. 
 
 A Ryght fruteful treatyse intituled the Myrrour of good 
 Maners. This is sine anno ; printed by Pynson. It is a 
 translation of a poem by Mancini, entitled De Quatuor 
 Virtutibus. His Egloges were printed by Pynson, sine 
 anno. 
 
 " Our author's Egloges, I believe, are the first that appeared in 
 the English language. They are, like Petrarch's and Mantuan's. 
 of the moral and satirical kind, and contain but few touches of 
 rural description and bucolic imagery." WARTON. 
 
 For further notices of Barclay's works, see Dibdin's 
 Ames's; Ellis's Specimens; Warton's History of English 
 Poetry, Ac. 
 
 Barclay, David. Emancipation in Jamaica, 1801. 
 
 Barclay, Geo. Vindic. of the Bp. of Edin., 1712. 
 
 Barclay, H. The Law of the Road, Glasg., 1836. 
 This treatise contains the statutes and abstracts of the de 
 cisions of the courts in Scotland and England, relative to 
 highways. 
 
 " We can safely recommend this volume as displaying a com 
 bination of much accuracy and research, with a thorough know 
 ledge of the subject." 2 Edin. Law Journal, 523. 
 
 A Treatise on the Law and Practice in Applications 
 against Debtors, as in meditatione fugas, Edin., 1832. 
 
 " This small and unpretending work will be found of great uti 
 lity. It contains all that is materially important on the subject, 
 and there is no class of persons, whether magistrates, agents, or 
 creditors, by whom it may not be consulted with profit and ad 
 vantage." Vide 2 Edin. Law Journal, 266. 
 
 Barclay, Henry, D.D., d. 1765, an Episcopal cler 
 gyman in New York, graduated at Yale College in 1734: 
 he was ordained in England, and appointed missionary to 
 the Mohawk Indians. Subsequently he was Rector of 
 Trinity Church, New York, which office he held until his 
 death. In conjunction with Rev. W. Andrews and J. 
 Ogilvie, he superintended the translation of the Liturgy 
 into the Mohawk language. This translation was printed 
 in 1769. 
 
 Barclay, Jas. Educational works, Edin., 1743-58. 
 
 Barclay, Jas. Sermons. 1763-1777. A Complete and 
 Universal English Dictionary, 1774. 
 
 Barclay, John, 1582-1621, son of William Barclay 
 of Aberdeenshire, was born at Pont-a-Mousson. He was 
 educated at the college of the Jesuits of his native place, 
 and made such progress in his studies, that at the age of 
 nineteen he is said to have published notes on the Thebais 
 of Statius. He makes no secret of his thirst for distinction : 
 
 " I had no sooner left school than the juvenile desire of fame in 
 cited me to attack the whole world, rather with a view of promot 
 ing my own reputation, than of dishonouring individuals." Pre 
 face to the Apology for Euphormion. 
 
 In 1605 he visited England, where he remained about a 
 year. Subsequently he resided there for several year?. 
 Upon the death of his father, in 1606, he went to Paris, 
 where he married Louisa Debonnaire. His latter years 
 were spent in Rome, amidst his books and flowers, dis 
 playing more wisdom in the Bibliomania than in the 
 Tulip-mania, of which last disease he is supposed to have 
 been one of the first victims. In his Euphormion he had 
 
BAR 
 
 BAR 
 
 pronounced the plant " Golden Rod" to be a specific for 
 the stone, yet of this painful complaint he died in 1621. 
 
 In 1604 he pub. the first part of his Latin satire, Eu- 
 phormion ; the second part was pub. at Paris, and a com 
 plete edition at Amsterdam in 1629. This satire made so 
 many enemies, that in 1610 he pub. his Apology for Eu- 
 phormion. (See extract from the preface above.) 
 
 His account of the Gunpowder Plot (Barclay was always 
 a zealous son of the Church of Rome) was pub. in 1806. 
 For some verses referring to his poverty whilst in Eng 
 land, see Delit Poet. Scot., i. 93-100. In 1611 he pub. his 
 father's work, De Potestate Papae, a curious production 
 for an adherent of the Church of Rome ; as it lays down 
 the positions, 1. That the pope has no power direct or in 
 direct over sovereigns in temporals. 2. That they who 
 allow him any such power, whatever they may intend, do 
 very great prejudice to the Roman Catholic religion. 
 This work was attacked by Cardinal Bellarmin, to whom 
 Barclay responded in his J. Barclay Pietas, &c., Paris, 
 1612. He afterwards repented having written this work, 
 as it displeased many of his own faith, and gratified those 
 whom he esteemed heretics. As some reparation, it is sup 
 posed, he pub. in 1617 Paraenensis ad Sectarios. 
 
 His Icon Animarum was pub. in 1614. It is a delinea 
 tion of the genius and customs of the European nations, 
 with remarks of a moral and philosophical cast on the pe 
 culiarities of mankind. In style it has been compared to 
 Goldsmith's Traveller. Barclay's principal work, the Ar 
 genis, or the Loves of Poliarchus and Argenis, was first 
 pub. in Paris in 1621, by means of the friendship of the 
 celebrated antiquary, M. de Peiresc. The first English 
 translation was pub. by Kingsmill Long, gent., in 1625, 
 4to. Of this there was a second edition, " beautified with 
 pictures, together with a key prefixed to unlock the whole 
 story," in 1636. There was also a translation in 1628 by 
 Sir Robert Le Grys, " the verses by Thomas May," (the 
 continuator of Lucan ;) this version is said to have been 
 undertaken at the request of Charles I. In 1772 Clara 
 Reeve pub. a translation under the title of The Phoenix, 
 or the History of Polyarchus and Argenis. There are 
 three French translations of The Argenis, 1624, 1732, 1736; 
 and it was also rendered into the Italian, Spanish, and 
 Dutch. The Argenis is a political allegory, a romance, 
 and a system of politics : 
 
 "In it the various forms of government are investigated, the 
 causes of faction detected, and the remedies pointed out for most 
 of the evils that can arise in a state. ... It affords such a variety 
 of entertainment, that every kind of reader may find in it some 
 thing suitable to his own taste and disposition : the statesman, 
 the philosopher, the soldier, the lover, the citizen, the friend of 
 mankind, each may gratify his favourite propensity, while the 
 reader who conies for his amusement only, will not go away dis 
 appointed." Preface to Clara Reeve's Translation. 
 
 The characters in the Argenis are intended to represent 
 various distinguished personages in history and real life. 
 Poliarchus is meant for Henry of Navarre ; Aquilius is the 
 Emperor of Germany; Calvin is Usinulca; Radirobanes 
 is the King of Spain, and Hyanisbe is thought to resemble 
 in some traits Elizabeth of England. Richelieu was very 
 fond of perusing this work, and it is thought from thence 
 he drew many of his political maxims. Cowper pro 
 nounced it the most amusing romance ever written : 
 
 " It is interesting in a high degree ; richer in incident than can 
 be imagined, full of surprises, which the reader never forestalls, 
 and yet free from all entanglement and confusion. The style, too, 
 appears to me to be such as would not dishonour Tacitus him 
 self." Camper's Letter to Saml. Rose, Esq. 
 
 As to the style to which Cowper thus refers, Coleridge 
 prefers it to that of Livy or Tacitus : (Remains, vol. i.,) 
 but Mr. Hallam remarks upon this : 
 
 " I cannot by any means go this length ; it has struck me that 
 the Latinity is more that of Petronius Arbiter, but I am not well 
 enough acquainted with that writer to speak confidently. The 
 same observation seems applicable to the Euphormio." Introduc. 
 to Lit. of F M rope. 
 
 We may be permitted to remind classical critics of the 
 recorded opinion of Grotius : 
 
 " Gente Caledonius, Callus natalibus hie est, 
 
 Romam Romano qui docet ore loqui." 
 " A Scot by blood, and French by birth, this man 
 
 At Rome speaks Latin as no Roman can." 
 Mr. Hallam well remarks that 
 " Barclay has mingled so much of mere fiction with his story, 
 that no attempts at a regular key to the whole work can be suc 
 cessful, nor in fact does the fable of this romance run in any paral 
 lel stream with real events. His object seems in great measure to 
 have been the discussion of political questions in feigned dialogue 
 But though in these we find no want of acuteness or good sense 
 they have not at present much novelty in our eyes; and though 
 the style is really pleasing, or, as some have judged, excellent, and 
 the incidents not ill-contrived, it might be hard to go entirely 
 through a Latin romance of 700 pages, unless indeed we had no 
 
 alternative given but the perusal of the similar works in Spanish 
 or French." Introduc. to Lit. of Europe. 
 
 The correctness of the opinion of this intelligent author 
 is evinced by the general neglect into which this once 
 popular allegory has now fallen. 
 
 "It absolutely distresses me, when I reflect that this work, ad 
 mired as it has been by great men of all ages, (and lately by the 
 [et Cowper,) should be only not unknown to the general reader." 
 COLERIDGE. 
 
 Barclay, John. Grammatica Latina, R. Pynson,1516. 
 
 Barclay, John. Descrip. of the R. Catholic, 1689. 
 
 Barclay, John, M.D., was author of Nepenthes seu 
 de Nicotiana Herba Viribus, Edin., 1614. He praises To 
 bacco as " this happie and holie herbe," and strongly ad 
 vocates its use, King James and the Pope to the contrary 
 notwithstanding. 
 
 Barclay, John, 1734-1798, the founder of a religious 
 sect in Scotland known as Bereans or Barclayans, pub. 
 an edition of his works (theological) in 3 volumes. 
 
 Barclay, John, M.D., 1760-1826, b. in Perthshire. 
 Professional Works, Edin., 1803-12. 
 
 Barclay, J.T., M.D., b. 1807, at Hanover C.H., Va., 
 for three years and a half a missionary to Jerusalem. The 
 City of the Great King ; or, Jerusalem as it was, as it is, 
 and is to be. Illustrated from photographs and original 
 drawings, Phila., 1857, 8vo. A reliable work, highly com 
 mended. In 1858, he returned to Jerusalem with his 
 family to reside permanently, 
 
 Barclay, Patrick. The Universal Traveller, 1735. 
 
 Barclay, Patrick. A Letter to the People of Scot 
 land, in order to remove their prejudice to The Book of 
 Common Prayer, with an Appendix, wherein are answered 
 The Objections against the Liturgy, in two late Pamphlets, 
 called Dialogues between a Curate and a Countryman, 
 Lon., 1713. 
 
 Barclay, Robert, 1648-1690, the celebrated apolo 
 gist for the doctrines and principles of the Society of 
 " Friends," sometimes called " Quakers," was born at 
 Gordonstoun, in Morayshire, December 23d. He was a 
 descendant of a very " ancient and honourable family in 
 Scotland, by his father's side, who was Colonel David Bar 
 clay, of Mathers, a man universally esteemed and beloved, 
 and by his mother, Mrs. Catherine Gordon, daughter of 
 Sir W. Gordon, from the noble house of Huntley ; so that 
 if his principles had not led him to slight the advantages 
 of birth, few gentlemen could in that particular have gone 
 beyond him." His father, who had held a commission in 
 the Swedish army in Germany, where he rose to the rank 
 of Major, and had also commanded in the Royalist army 
 under Charles I., embraced Quakerism whilst confined in 
 prison from political persecutions, in the year 1666. 
 
 Robert was sent to Paris at an early age, to complete 
 his education, and placed under the care of his uncle, 
 principal of the Scots' College. This relative was a zeal 
 ous Roman Catholic, and Robert was naturally disposed 
 to embrace a religion so favourably commended to his re 
 gard. His uncle was so anxious to retain him in Paris, 
 where he could both enjoy his society, and preserve him 
 from the baneful influence of heretical doctrines, that he 
 offered to present him with a considerable fortune at once, 
 and leave the balance of his property to him on his de 
 mise. It is not unlikely that Robert would have con 
 sented to these conditions, had not a summons from his 
 father, who dreaded his becoming a convert to the Roman 
 Church, recalled him home. With that regard to strict 
 principle which was always a characteristic of Robert 
 Barclay, he was not disobedient to the paternal command, 
 but at once resigned the flattering prospects which had 
 been held out to him, and returned to Scotland in 1664. 
 
 So great had been his application to his studies, that, al 
 though scarcely sixteen years of age, he possessed consi 
 derable knowledge of the sciences, and was skilled in the 
 French and Latin tongues ; the latter he wrote and spoke 
 with facility and correctness; subsequently he attained 
 Greek and Hebrew. 
 
 Many authors have told us that Colonel Barclay had 
 become a convert to Quakerism (we use the term for con- 
 venience, and, of course, without any disrespect) before 
 the return of Robert from France : but we have the testi 
 mony of Robert himself that his father did not join this 
 sect until 1666. This date approaches so closely to that 
 of the first promulgation of the doctrines of Quakerism, 
 that a brief notice of the history of the society in Scot 
 land for the first twenty years of its existence, may not be 
 out of place. George Fox, born in 1624, (see Fox, 
 GEORGE,) became a public preacher of his religious tenets 
 about the year of Robert Barclay's birth 1648: In 1657 
 he visited Scotland, and preached with such success, that 
 
BAR 
 
 BAR 
 
 large numbers, especially in the north, about Aberdeen 
 and Elgin, became converts to the doctrines which he 
 proclaimed. One of the most distinguished disciples was 
 the celebrated John Swinton of Swinton, one of the most 
 learned and accomplished men of his time, and so much 
 in favour with Oliver Cromwell that it was notorious that 
 the Protector " trusted him more than anybody, and al 
 most every thing in Scotland was done by his advice." 
 At the Restoration, Swinton and Barclay were imprisoned 
 by the government, and by "long and frequent conversa 
 tions" the latter was convinced by the former of the excel 
 lency of the doctrines preached by George Fox. 
 
 Colonel Barclay sought to impress the truth of his new 
 opinions upon the mind of Robert, but for some time 
 without success. He did not, however, refuse to place 
 himself in the way of conviction, and, whilst attending a 
 religious meeting of the society, he was so deeply im 
 pressed by a discourse of one of their ministers, that he 
 felt it his duty to unite with the body. He became a most 
 zealous propagator of his new tenets ; and laboured with 
 great success in England, and on the Continent, especially 
 in Holland. He travelled with William Penn through 
 the principal parts of England, Holland, and Germany. 
 He was " everywhere received with respect, and dismissed 
 with concern j for though his conversation as well as his 
 manners were strictly suitable to his doctrine, yet there 
 was such a spirit and liveliness in his discourse, and such 
 a serenity and cheerfulness in his deportment, as rendered 
 him extremely agreeable to all sorts of people." 
 
 Robert Barclay was no common character, either as re 
 spects natural capacity, extensive learning, indomitable 
 energy, or persevering zeal. At an age when many young 
 men are triflers of fashion, or slaves to vice, this noble 
 youth girded up his loins, and went forth into the world 
 to battle with sin, and promote the glory of God through 
 the salvation of man. Born to prosperous fortunes, and 
 of an illustrious line, the heir of the De Berkleys was 
 willing, for the sake of truth and righteousness, to " eat 
 his bread with scarceness," and to exchange the society of 
 the great, and the lordly halls of nobles, for the " tender 
 mercies" of a brutal jailer, the companionship of felons, 
 and the untold horrors of the convict's cell. We can ima 
 gine few more affecting pictures than that which disgraced 
 the year 1677, and the town of Aberdeen, when the aged 
 Colonel Barclay, his son Robert, and a number of other 
 Quakers, were cast into jail for the second time in a twelve 
 month. His father, who, to borrow the words of Croese, 
 "was venerable in his appearance, just in all his actions, 
 who had shewed his courage in the wars of Germany, and 
 his fortitude in bearing all the hard usage he met with in 
 Scotland with cheerfulness, as well as patience" this 
 good old man, now well stricken in years, but strong in 
 conscious integrity, and supported by a noble zeal, was 
 ready to go with his beloved child to prison and to death, 
 rather than to deny his faith, or to hold his peace when 
 he believed that his God bade him to " lift up his voice, 
 and show the people their sins." Our worthy ancestors 
 had what they esteemed a sovereign remedy for heresy. 
 When any inquirer after truth was so hardy as to doubt 
 their infallibility, they forthwith put him into the stocks, 
 or immured him in the next jail, fed him with bread and 
 water, and cropped off his ears, and, if he still continued 
 obstinate, perhaps hung him at Tyburn, or burnt him at 
 Smithfield. Who can doubt that such substantial evi 
 dences of the true Christian spirit of love, charity, and 
 goodwill, were admirably calculated to convince all here 
 tics of the evil of their own ways, and the orthodoxy of 
 those who were so solicitous for their spiritual welfare ? 
 Robert Barclay had not long been united to the society of 
 " Friends," when he commenced that powerful use of his 
 pen on behalf of their doctrines, by which his name has 
 been widely known to all succeeding generations. 
 
 His first work appeared in 1670 : 
 
 " Truth cleared of Calumnies, wherein a book entitled, A Dia 
 logue between a Quaker and a stable Christian, (printed at Aber 
 deen, and, upon good ground, judged to be writ by \Villiam Mitchell, 
 a preacher near by to it, or, at least, that he had the chief hand in 
 it,) is examined, and the Dis-ingenuity of the author in represent 
 ing the Quakers is discovered ; here is also their case truly stated, 
 cleared, demonstrated, and the Objections of their Opposers an 
 swered according to Truth, Scripture, and Kight Reason." 
 
 This hydra-headed treatise might well have alarmed 
 the imprudent William Mitchell, who had little idea when 
 preparing his Dialogue what sore punishment he was 
 drawing down upon his own head. To use the significant 
 phraseology of the author to the Preface of Barclay's 
 works, (Lon., 1692,) this answer showed Barclay "to be 
 inuch an overmatch for his antagonist." In this work 
 118 
 
 Barclay reviews the objections which had oeen urged 
 against the doctrines of the Quakers. 
 
 " The business of this book is to shew they had been extrava 
 gantly abused by their adversaries, who sometimes would have 
 them pass for people distracted, and, at other times, for men pos 
 sessed of the devil, and practising abominations under pretence 
 of being led to them by the Spirit ; as denying the existence of 
 Christ, the reality of a heaven and a hell, the being of angels, the 
 resurrection of the body, and the day of judgment. He shews 
 upon what slight pretence these notions were taken up, how con 
 sistent all the doctrines of the Quakers were with the gospel in 
 respect to these points, and how unjust the persecution they had 
 sustained for maintaining what the apostles maintained, the light 
 of CHRIST JESUS shining in the mind of man." Biog. Brit. 
 
 Some Things, of Weighty Concernment, Ac. This second 
 treatise was an appendix to the first ; in this he proposes 
 twenty questions relating to those who had distinguished 
 themselves in representing the Quakers in ridiculous lights, 
 
 " When if that kind of language had been allowed among this 
 sort of people, they might themselves have been rendered far more 
 ridiculous. These writings made Mr. W. Mitchell so uneasy, and 
 rendered it so apparent that either he was in the wrong, or wanted 
 abilities necessary to prove himself in the right, that he immedi 
 ately had recourse again to the press, in order to return an answer 
 to Robert Barclay, which produced our author's third book upon 
 this subject, in which he effectually silenced that angry and im 
 patient writer." 
 
 The preface to the third treatise W. Mitchell unmask 
 ed, or the staggering infallibility of the pretended stable 
 Christian discovered, Ac. is dated from Ury, our author's 
 residence, December 24, 1671. In 1675 he published a 
 work intended to explain and defend the doctrines and 
 principles of the Quakers. This work is entitled 
 
 " A Catechism and Confession of Faith, approved of and agreed 
 unto by the General Assembly of the Patriarchs, Prophets, and 
 Apostles, Christ himself chief Speaker in and among them, which 
 containeth a true and faithful Account of the Principles and Doc 
 trines which are most surely believed by the Churches of Christ 
 in Great Britain and Ireland, who are reproachfully called by the 
 name of QUAKERS, yet are found in one Faith with the Primitive 
 Church and Saints, as is most clearly demonstrated by some plain 
 Scripture Testimonies, (without Consequences or Commentaries.) 
 which are here collected and inserted by way of Answer to a few 
 weighty, yet easy and familiar, Questions, fitted as well for the 
 wisest and largest, as for the weakest and lowest, Capacities. To 
 which is added an Expostulation with an Appeal to all other Pro 
 fessors, by R. B., a Servant of the Church of Christ." 
 
 Our author seems to have determined that those who 
 would not pursue their investigations further than his title- 
 pages, should not even then escape wholesome instruction. 
 The preface to this work is dated Urie, 1673. The author 
 endeavours to prove that Quakerism is the perfection of 
 Protestantism : that there is properly no middle ground 
 between the doctrines he espouses, and those of the Church 
 of Rome. 
 
 The Anarchy of the Ranters, &c., which has been praised 
 as " a learned and excellent treatise, containing as much 
 sound reason as any book of its size, in our, or perhaps in 
 any modern, language," was published in 1676. Its ob 
 ject was to prove that the Quakers were not justly liable 
 to the objections urged against the fanaticism of the Rant 
 ers. This work met with so much censure, that in 1679 he 
 pub. a Vindication of it. He also gave to the world A 
 True and Faithful Account of some of his disputes with 
 some of the students of the University of Aberdeen; and 
 in 1686 he pub. The Possibility and Necessity of the In 
 ward and Immediate Revelation of the Spirit of God, 
 towards the foundation and ground of true Faith, proved 
 in a Letter written in Latin to a person of Quality in 
 Holland, and now also put into English. 
 
 Like Bunyan, Sir Richard Baker, Boethius, Grotius, 
 Buchanan, and many other good men, he made even the 
 employment of his prison hours useful to his fellow-men. 
 It was whilst in the jail of Aberdeen that he composed 
 that "noble description of Christian Beneficence," Uni 
 versal Love considered and established upon its right 
 Foundation, being a serious Enquiry how far Charity may, 
 and ought to extend towards Persons of different Judg 
 ments in matters of Religion, and whose Principles among 
 the several Sects of Christians, do most naturally lead to 
 that due Moderation required, writ in the Spirit of Love 
 and Meekness for the removing of Stumbling-Blocks out 
 of the Way of the Simple, by a Lover of the Souls of all 
 Men, R. B. This work was written and pub. in 1677. 
 The author divides his subject into five sections. 
 
 1st. He gives his own experience, and his reasons for 
 writing this treatise. 
 
 2d. The nature of Christian Love and Charity is de 
 monstrated. 
 
 3d. The controversy is stated with respect to the different 
 religious bodies, <fcc. 
 
 4th. An examination of the principles held by many call 
 ed Christians, and those principles proved to be defective. 
 
BAR 
 
 BAK 
 
 5th. Some " principles of Christianity are proposed, as 
 they are held by a great body of people, and some gath 
 ered churches in Great Britain and Ireland which do very 
 well agree with true Universal Love." 
 
 Having thus noticed the other works of Robert Barclay, 
 we are prepared to consider that by which he will always 
 be best known, viz : 
 
 " An Apology for the true Christian Divinity, as the same is held 
 forth and preached by the People called in Scorn, Quakers; being 
 a full Explanation and Vindication of their Principles and Doc 
 trines, by many Arguments deduced from Scripture and Right , 
 Reason, and the Testimonies of famous Authors, both Ancient 
 and Modern, with a full Answer to the strongest Objections usu 
 ally made against them : Presented to the King. Written and 
 published in London, for the Information of Strangers, by ROBERT j 
 BARCLAY, and now put into our Language for the Benefit of his 
 Countrymen," London, 1678. 
 
 The Address to Charles II. has been admired for clear 
 ness and vigour of style, and faithful boldness of exhorta 
 tion. Was there ever a greater contrast than between the 
 subject and the king? the selfish, dissolute, effeminate 
 monarch, and the noble-hearted, self-sacrificing preacher of 
 Universal Love ? The Theses Theologicse, which were the 
 ground- work of the Apology, had been previously published 
 and sent abroad in Latin, French, High and Low Dutch, 
 and English, addressed to the Clergy of what sort soever, 
 
 " And that his candour, impartiality, and sincere love of truth, 
 might be still more manifest, he sent them to the Doctors, Pro 
 fessors, and Students in Divinity, both Popish and Protestant, in 
 every country throughout Europe, desiring they would seriously 
 examine them, and send him their answers. As soon as the Apo 
 logy was finished, he sent two copies of it to each of the public 
 ministers, then at the famous Congress of Nimeguen, where it was 
 received with all imaginable favour and respect, and the know 
 ledge, charity, and disinterested probity of its author justly ap 
 plauded." 
 
 The Latin version, Theologicae vere Christianae Apolo 
 gia, was pub. at Amsterdam in 1676 ; the English transla 
 tion, as we have seen above, in 1678. Other English edi 
 tions were published in 1701-36, a beautiful edition by 
 Baskerville in 1765, another edition in 1780, and many 
 since; besides Abridgments in 8vo. and 12mo. &c. Ant. 
 cle Alvarado translated it into Spanish in 1710 ; and trans 
 lations have appeared in most of the European languages. 
 The author pub. a Vindication of his work in 1679; in 
 cited thereto by an attack in Latin by John Brown upon 
 the Latin version of the Apology. The Vindication was 
 esteemed by William Penn, and many others, to be equal 
 in every respect to the Apology. 
 
 Our author's doctrines, as contained in the Theses, and 
 more largely expounded in the Apologia, were attacked 
 by other writers also, viz. : Nicholas Arnoldus, Professor 
 in the University of Franequer; John George Bajerus, 
 Professor of Divinity at Jena., (who was answered by 
 Geo. Keith, then a stout supporter of Quaker doctrines ;) 
 Christopher Holthusius, a famous preacher at Franck- 
 fort ; George Keith, (the quondam advocate of the Apology,) 
 in the Standard of the Quakers Examined, Lon., 1702; 
 Ant. Keiser of Hamburg ; Thomas Bennet, in a Confu 
 tation of Quakerism, 1705; Mr. Trenchard; Thos. Chubb, 
 1721; Wm. Notcutt, 1738; Daniel Gittius, 1758; S. New 
 ton, 1771, Ac. 
 
 As we have nothing to do in this place with the theo 
 logical opinions of Barclay, or of his antagonists, we dis 
 charge our duty by enabling the reader to possess himself 
 of the expositions of the views of both sides of the con 
 troversy. 
 
 Of the literary character of a theological, as of any other, 
 work, it does become us to speak ; and here we are very 
 safe in assigning a distinguished place among the produc 
 tions of the human mind to Barclay's Apology for the true 
 Christian Divinity. Language of uncommon purity is made 
 the powerful instrument of reasoning embellished with wit, 
 and persuasion fortified by argument. To the merits of 
 Barclay as a writer, we have, besides many others, the at 
 testations of the learned Gerard Croese, Norris of Bemer- 
 ton, Jeremiah Jones, Bennet, Trenchard, and Voltaire. 
 The latter observes in his Letters on the English Nation, 
 that the Apology is " as well executed as the subject would 
 possibly admit." Norris of Bemerton, a very famous man 
 in his day, remarks 
 
 " I take him to be so great a man, that I profess freely, I had 
 ather engage against an hundred Bellarmines, Hardings, and 
 Stapletons, than with one Barclay." Second Treatise of the Light 
 
 William Sewell speaks of him as 
 
 "A man of eminent gifts and great endowments, expert not only 
 In the languages of the learned, but also well versed in the writ 
 ings of the ancient Fathers, and other ecclesiastical writers, and 
 furnished with a great understanding, being not only of a sound 
 judgment, but also strong in arguments." Hist, of the Quakers. 
 
 Dr. Williams remarks : 
 
 "Barclay was a man of extraordinary abilities, and bis work af 
 fords considerable information, not only concerning the peculiar 
 tenets of the Quakers, but also on other subjects. His method and 
 style are far superior to most of his contemporaries." 
 
 We could multiply testimonies, but this is needless. 
 
 As regards Barclay's personal character, his energy was 
 evinced by his laborious and self-denying pilgrimages and 
 ministrations ; his benevolence by his burning zeal for the 
 souls of his fellow-men ; his patience and humility by the 
 uncomplaining submission with which he " bore the loss 
 of all things" for the advancement of what he deemed to 
 be the truth. 
 
 " We sometimes travelled together." says his faithful friend and 
 fellow-sufferer, William Penn, " both in this kingdom and in Hol 
 land, and some parts of Germany, and were inward in diverse ser 
 vices from first to last ; and the apprehension I had of him was 
 this, he loved the truth and way of God, as revealed among us, 
 above all the world, and was not ashamed of it before men, but 
 bold and able in maintaining it, sound in judgment, strong in 
 argument, cheerful in travels and sufferings, of a pleasant dispo 
 sition, yet solid, plain, and exemplary in his conversation. He 
 was a learned man and a good Christian, an able Minister, a duti 
 ful son, and a loving husband, a tender and careful father, an 
 easy master, and a good and kind neighbour and friend." 
 
 With such a character we need not be surprised that 
 it was his 
 
 " Peculiar felicity to gain so entire a conquest over envy as to 
 pass through life (and which is so much the more wonderful, such 
 a life as his was) with almost universal applause, and without the 
 least imputation on his integrity. The great business of his life 
 was doing good, promoting what he thought to be the knowledge 
 of God, and consequently the happiness of man." 
 
 For further information concerning this truly eminent, 
 and far higher commendation truly excellent man, see 
 the Biographia Britannica, to which this article is largely 
 indebted ; Sewell's History of the Quakers, Mosheim's Ec 
 clesiastical History, Genealogical Account of the Barclays 
 of Urie, <fec. 
 
 Who would not have supposed that this touching ap 
 peal to the second Charles would have influenced even his 
 selfish and vice-enslaved heart? 
 
 " Thou hast tasted of prosperity and adversity ; thou knowest 
 what it is to be banished thy native country, to be overruled, as 
 well as to rule and sit upon the throne ; and being oppressed, thou 
 hast reason to know how hateful the oppressor is both to God and 
 man." Preface to the. Apology. 
 
 Truly little cause had the poor Quaker in his prison to 
 envy the ungodly monarch on his throne ! Deeply grieved 
 to witness the bold licentiousness which prevailed among 
 the scoffing courtiers and their graceless king, he might 
 well adopt the prayer, " my soul, come not thou into 
 their secret; into their assembly, mine honour, be not 
 thou united !" 
 
 Towards the close of his life, Robert Barclay was in 
 great favour at court ; and had James II. been wise enough 
 to profit by his advice in 1688, and make timely conces 
 sions to an outraged people, it is possible that the question 
 of the " Succession" would never have tested the wisdom 
 of the English parliament. 
 
 In 1682 Barclay was elected Governor of East Jersey 
 by the proprietors. 
 
 " To induce him to accept of the office, he was made a joint pro 
 prietor, with a power of bestowing five thousand acres more, as he 
 should think fit. Upon account of his peculiar merit, the govern 
 ment was to be held for life, though no other Governor was to be 
 continued longer than three years. He had, likewise, a power of 
 appointing a Deputy Governor, which he accordingly did." 
 
 Robert never came to America, but his brother John 
 settled there, and his brother David, a youth of great pro 
 mise, who had gone out with the same intention, died upon 
 the voyage. " His brother John died at Amboy, in 1731, 
 leaving two sons. His grandson, Alexander, was comp 
 troller of the customs in Philadelphia, and died in 1771." 
 A Scottish poet, writing of the two famous Barclays, Wil 
 liam and John, concludes with these verses upon Robert : 
 " But lo ! a third appears with serious air ; 
 His Prince's darling, and his country's care. 
 See his religion, which so late before 
 Was like a jumbled mass of dross and ore, 
 Refined by him, and burnish'd o'er with art, 
 Awakes the spirit, and attracts the heart." 
 
 After a life marked with such activity and suffering for 
 conscience' sake, this good man was permitted to spend the 
 last few years of his life in peace. He died October 3, 
 1690, at his mansion at Ury, in Kincardineshire, Scot 
 land. The estate of Ury had been purchased by Colonel 
 David Barclay in the year of Robert's birth, (1648.) The 
 Colonel was obliged to part with two estates, which had 
 been in his family, one, three hundred, and the other, five 
 hundred years. About 1679 Robert obtained a charter, 
 under the Great Seal, from King Charles the Second, erect 
 ing his lands of Ury into " a free Barony, with a civil and 
 criminal jurisdiction to him and his heirs forever." This 
 charter was ratified by Act of Parliament temp. James the 
 
 119 
 
BAR 
 
 BAR 
 
 Seventh of Scotland, and Second of England, "for the 
 many faithful services done hy Colonel David Barclay, 
 and his son, the said Kobert Barclay, to the King, and his 
 most royal progenitors in times past." This barony, with 
 all similar jurisdictions, was extinguished by the changes 
 effected in the government of Scotland temp. George II. 
 Robert Barclay left seven children, all of whom were alive 
 in October, 1740, fifty years after their father's death. At 
 the same time there were living between fifty and sixty 
 grand-children and great grand-children. 
 
 " A good man leaveth an inheritance to his children's 
 children," and a good name has these advantages over 
 all other bequests; it can be shared without division, 
 enjoyed without diminution, and remains an imperishable 
 capital, stimulating to and aiding like acquisitions. 
 
 Barclay, Robert, (Allerdyce,) 1779-1854, the 
 great pedestrian who first walked one thousand miles in 
 one thousand hours. Agricultural Tour in the U. States, 
 Lon., 1842, p. 8vo. 
 
 Barclay, Thomas, a Scottish scholar, studied lite 
 rature and philosophy at Bordeaux ; going afterwards to 
 Toulouse he became head of the Squellanean School. Sub 
 sequently he taught law both at Poitiers and at Toulouse. 
 "His writings were neither numerous nor important."-DEMPSTER. 
 Barclay, William, 1546-1605? an eminent civilian, 
 father to John Barclay, author of the "Argenis," was born 
 in Aberdeen shire, Scotland. He was in favour with Mary 
 Queen of Scots : after her dethronement he went to France, 
 applied himself to the study of belles-lettres, law, and 
 philosophy, and graduated doctor in the civil and canon 
 laws. The Duke of Lorraine appointed him professor of 
 civil law in the University of Pont-a-Mousson, and a 
 counsellor and master of requests to his hospital. He 
 visited England at the request of James I., and was offered 
 a professorship of civil law at one of the universities, and 
 other honours, upon condition of his attaching himself to 
 the Church of England. These offers he declined, return- 
 ed to France in 1604, and accepted the professorship of 
 civil law in the University of Angers. One of his prin 
 cipal works is De Regno et Regali Potestate adversus 
 Buchananum Brutum, Boucherum et Beliquos Monarcho- 
 machos, Paris, 1600. Boucher had put forth a treatise 
 in 1589, here referred to, entitled De Juste Henrici III. 
 Boucher was a leaguer ; Barclay, on the contrary, argues 
 in favour of the supremacy of the king even over the 
 laws, and the right of the monarch to the implicit obe 
 dience of his people, save in cases of outrageous oppression ; 
 which last flaw, of course, quashes the whole indictment 
 against any case of resistance, as opinion must of necessity 
 be the umpire. Although a zealous Roman Catholic, Bar 
 clay defended the sovereignty of the crown of France, even 
 against the Pope. His work, De Potestate Papae an et 
 quatenus in Reges et Principes seculares Jus et Imperium 
 habeat, was pub. Franck., 1609, London, in English in 
 1611. We have already given an account of this work in 
 the biography of the author's son ; also of the response 
 of Cardinal Bellarmin, the circulation of which was for 
 bidden by the Parliament of Paris. Barclay also pub. 
 Proemetia in Vitain Agricolae, Paris, 1599. Comm. in 
 Titl. Pandectarum de Rebus Creditis et de Jurejurando, 
 Paris, 1605. 
 
 Our learned civilian, like some other philosophers, seems 
 not to have been so fond of simplicity as some of the Gre 
 cian sages, for 
 
 " He went every day to school, attended by a servant, who wen 
 bare-headed before him, he himself having a rich robe lined with 
 ermine, the train of which was supported by two servants, and 
 his son upon his right hand; and there hung about his neck a 
 great chain of gold, with a medal of gold, with his own picture.' 
 Maclcenzie's Lives. 
 
 Bard, John, M.D., 1716-1799, President of the Med 
 Society of the State of New York. Con. to Phil. Trans. 
 1750. Med. Obs. and Inq. xii. p. 369, 1762. 
 
 Bard, Samuel, M.D., 1742-1821, son of the preced 
 ing, family physician to General Washington, and a man 
 of most estimable character, pub. a treatise, De Viribus 
 Opii, 1765 ; on Angina Suffocativa, repub. in vol. i., Amer 
 Phil. Soc. On the Use of Cold in Hemorrhage ; Compen 
 dium of Midwifery, 1807 ; and subsequent editions ; seve 
 ral Addresses to Public Bodies, and Anniversary Discourses 
 to Medical Students. 
 
 Bardouin, F. G. Essay on Job xix. 23-27, in 3 let 
 tars, 1767. 
 
 Bardsley, S. A., M.D. Profess, and other works 
 Lon., 1800-1807. 
 
 Bardwell, Thos. The Practice of Painting an 
 Perspective made easy, Lon.. 1756. 
 
 " Mr. Bardwell appears throughout his book a professed enemj 
 120 
 
 Theory ; and disgraces the Art he attempts to teach, by suppos- 
 
 ng it may be got, like a knack, by mere practice, rather than com- 
 
 unicated as a Science, consisting of certain principles founded on 
 
 nvariable and fixed laws; from which Nature never deviates." 
 
 . Monthly Review, 1756. 
 
 The critique, from which the above is extracted, is very 
 evere. Mr. Edwards finds fault with the Perspective 
 )ortion of the works, but commends the instructions, so 
 ar as they relate to the process of paintings, as the best 
 hat had been published. See Edwards's Anecdotes of 
 Minting. 
 
 Barecroft, Charles. Lets, against Popery, Lon., 1688. 
 Barecroft, J., D.D. Ars Concionandi: or an in- 
 truction to young students in divinity. Being advice to 
 , son in the university, with rules for preaching, 4th ed., 
 751, enlarged by a Short View of the Lives, &c. of the 
 Fathers, Lon., 1715. 
 Barese, Sir Rd. See BENESE. 
 Baret, John, a scholar of Cambridge, of the 16th 
 century. An Alvearie, or Quadruple Dictionarie, English, 
 Latine, Greeke, and French, Londini, 1580. Dedicated to 
 Lord Burleigh. An edition pub. in 1573 contains En 
 glish, Latin, and French, only. 
 
 Baret, Michael. An Hipponimie, or the Vineyard 
 of Horsemanship, Lon., 1618. 
 
 Barfett, John* Funeral Sermon on the Rt. Hon. 
 Baroness Barham: 2 Tim. iv. 6-8. The Contest, Con 
 quest, and Reward, of the Christian. 
 
 Barfoot, P. Letters to W. Pitt on Taxation, <fcc., 1786. 
 
 Barford, Rd. The Assembly, 1726. Epistle to Ld. 
 C., 1730. 
 
 Barford, Wm., D.D., d. 1792, was admitted into 
 King's College, Cambridge, in 1737. For one session he 
 was chaplain to the House of Commons, and pub. a Ser 
 mon delivered before that body, 1770. In Pindari Pri- 
 mum Pythium Dissertatio, &c., 1751. A Latin Oration, 
 1756. Concio ad Clerum, 1784. 
 
 He died as he had lived, universally respected by all learned 
 and good men, at his rectory of Kimpton." See Bryant's System 
 of Mythology, vol. iii. 
 
 Bargrave, Isaac, 1586-1643, Dean of Canterbury. 
 Sermon on Hosea x. 1, Lon., 1624. Sermons, 1624, 1627. 
 He was chaplain to Sir Henry Wotton in one of his em 
 bassies. At Venice he enjoyed the intimate acquaintance 
 of Father Paul, 
 
 " Who once said to him that he thought the hierarchy of the 
 Church of England the most excellent piece of discipline in the 
 whole Christian world." 
 
 Barham, Francis. Socrates, Trag., Lon., 1842. A 
 Key to Alisin., 1847. Trans, of Guizot's Syncretism and 
 Coalition. Other works, 1847-1851. 
 
 Barham, Henry. Hortus Amcricanus; containing an 
 Account of the Trees, Shrubs, and other Vegetable Produc 
 tions of South America and the West India Islands, particu 
 larly of the Island of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica, 1794* 
 
 " Interspersed with many curious and useful observations re 
 specting their uses in medicine, diet, and the arts. He gives a 
 particular description of the manufacture of indigo." 
 
 An Essay upon the Silk Worm, Lon., 1719. Con. to 
 Phil. Trans., 1718-1719. 
 
 Barham, J. F. On Use of Corn in Distilleries, 1808-10. 
 
 Barham, Richard Harris, 1788-1845, Rector of 
 St. Augustine's, and St. Faith, London, was better known 
 by the literary name of Thomas Ingoldsby. His Ingolds- 
 by Legends were contributed to Bentley's Miscellany, and 
 since collected in volumes. Of the First Series, a 5th ed. 
 was pub. in 1852 ; Second Series, 3d ed., 1842 ; Third Se 
 ries, 2d ed., with Life of the Author, 1847. Mr. Barham, 
 during many years, contributed to a number of periodicals, 
 viz. : The Edinburgh Review, Blackwood's Magazine, The 
 Literary Gazette, Ac. His popular novel, My Cousin Ni 
 cholas, was pub. in three vols. 
 
 " Of his poetical pieces it is not too much to say, that for origi 
 nality of design and diction, for quaint illustration and musical 
 verse, they are not surpassed in the English language. The 
 Witches Frolic is second only to Tarn O'Shanter; and the Hon. Mr. 
 Sucklethumbkin's Story of the Execution is as satirical a reproof 
 of a vile, morbid appetite, as ever was couched in laughable mea 
 sure. But why recapitulate the titles of either prose or verse, 
 the lays of dark ages belonging to the fables of St. Cuthbert, St. 
 Aloys St. Dunstan, St. Nicholas, St. Odille, or St. Gengulphus. 
 since they have been confessed by every judgment to be singularly 
 rich in classic allusion and modern illustration. From the days 
 of Hudibras to our time, the drollery invested in rhymes has never 
 been so amply or felicitously exemplified ; and if derision has been 
 unsparingly applied, it has been to lash knavery and imposture. 
 BenOetfs Miscellany. 
 
 Barham, T. F. Introduc. to Greek Grammar, 1829, 
 8vo. Unitarian Doctrine, 1835, 8vo. Greek Roots in Eng. 
 Rhymes, 1837, 18mo. 
 
 Baring, Alex., Lord Ashburton, 1774-1S48. On 
 the Orders in Council, Lon., 1808. 
 
BAR 
 
 Baring, Charles. Peace in our Power, Lou., 1793. 
 
 Baring, Sir Francis, 1740-1810. Commutation Act, 
 1785. Establishment of the Bank of England, <fcc., 1797. 
 On a Publication of Walter Boyd's, Esq., M.P., 1801. 
 
 Barker. Complete List of Plays, from the Commence 
 ment of Theatrical Performances to 1803. To which is 
 added, A Continuation of the Theatrical Bemembrancer, 
 showing collectively each Author's "Works, 1804. 
 
 Barker, Andrew. The Overthrow of Captain Ward 
 and Wanseker, two Pirates, Lon., 1609. 
 
 " Daborne took the plot of A Christian turn'd Turk, from the 
 above." [Pub. 1612.] LOWNDES. 
 
 Barker, Charles. Sermons, Lon., 1806-07. 
 
 Barker, Charles. Charity Sermon, Hull, 1825. 
 
 Barker, Edmund. Sermons, 1660-61. 
 
 Barker, Edmund. Trans, of Heister's Practice of 
 Physic, 1757. 
 
 Barker, Edmund Henry, 1788-1839, entered Tri 
 nity College, Cambridge, in 1807. He was a contributor 
 to the Classical Journal for twenty years. 
 
 " His first article appeared in No. 3, and nearly every succeed 
 ing number exhibited either his sign manual, or else an anony 
 mous article that carried with it internal evidence of his being 
 the author, from the numerous references to, and scarcely less nu 
 merous extracts from, writers but little known ; and by a similar 
 test it is easy to trace his contributions to the British Critic, pre 
 viously to its change from a monthly to a quarterly periodical, 
 and more recently in the pages of the Monthly Magazine during 
 the editorship of Mr. Reynolds." Lon. Gent. Mag. 
 
 On leaving the University, about 1810, Mr. Barker took 
 up his residence with Dr. Parr, at Hatton, where he re 
 mained for five years. Soon after the death of his learned 
 friend, he pub. Parriana, which is, with injustice, described 
 in the Lon. Monthly Review as " a metrical effusion of ig 
 norance, vanity, and absolute imbecility." Whilst turn 
 ing over rare classical tomes, in a true Dominie Sampson 
 spirit, in Dr. Parr's curious library, Mr. Barker conceived 
 the idea of preparing a new edition of Stephens's Thesau 
 rus Linguae Graecae ; " intending to introduce whatever 
 materials the lapse of two centuries and a quarter could 
 furnish for the improvement of the Greek Lexicography." 
 The editor engaged in this undertaking with great zeal, 
 accumulated a large stock of materiel, paid pounds each 
 for volumes, which, at the sale of his library, scarcely 
 brought shillings, and was encouraged by a list of 800 
 (Quarterly Review states 1100) subscribers. Vol. 1, Parts 
 I.-IV., appeared in 1815-1818 ; and the classical enthu 
 siast was prepared to wear his blushing honours with no 
 little delectation ; when, in an evil hour for our Hellenist, 
 Greek met Greek in a terrible charge in the Quarterly 
 Review, (vol. xxii. p. 302,) and if Demosthenes did not fly 
 from Chaeronea, the friends of the discomfited warrior 
 carried him away on their shields. Blomfield's " swashing 
 blow" was not fully met by the " Aristarchus Anti-Blom- 
 fieldianus," which has been called "telum imbelle sine 
 ictu." 
 
 Barker indeed was not silenced, as was Bentley by the 
 famous "Remarks" of Conyers Middleton ; but though 
 the Thesaurus with its cargo appeared, the colours of the 
 captain were not nailed to the mast. The name of the 
 owner only was blazoned on the craft. The work, how 
 ever, "at last made its way through the press, and con 
 sists of several ponderous folios, forming the most com 
 plete lexicographical collection that ever yet has appeared. 
 This is, in fact, its principal merit ; for in detail it is liable 
 to much criticism." 
 
 This MAGNUM OPUS comprises no less than 11,752 pages 
 of double columns ! but, " nihil sine labore, et labor ipse 
 voluptas" was so true of Barker, that 
 
 " When a friend once condoled with him on the horrible bore of 
 making the index, that had occupied three years in the composing 
 and printing, Mr. B. observed that they were the happiest years 
 of his life; for he had thus read again and again the Thesaurus, 
 which he should not have otherwise done." SURGES. 
 
 Mr. Barker pub., in 1812, Classical and Biblical Recre 
 ations, one volume only of which ever appeared. He 
 gave to the world editions of the Latin Esop, Caesar, Ci 
 cero, Tacitus, Demosthenes, and Xenophon, with English 
 Notes. He also edited a translation of Buttman's Greek 
 Grammar, and, in conjunction with Professor Dunbar, of 
 Edinburgh, pub. a Greek-English and English-Greek 
 Lexicon. He transmitted to Sturtz, Notes on the Etymo- 
 logicon Gudianum, which work the latter was editing. 
 These notes were considered by Barker evidences of his 
 skill in Greek lexicography. He also pub. a volume to 
 disprove the claims of Sir Philip Francis to the author 
 ship of Junius's Letters. An English reprint of Professor 
 Anthon's American edition of Lempridre's Classical Dic 
 tionary. A Letter to Rev. T. S. Hughes. A reprint of 
 
 BAR 
 
 South's Sermons, &c. An edition of an unpub. Greek au 
 thor, Arcadius de accentibus. He also edited (?) The 
 Toy-Shop ; The Picture Exhibition ; Juvenile Rambles 
 through the Paths of Nature ; Mrs. Brown's Crooked 
 Sixpence. There has been published lately (1852) Lite 
 rary Anecdotes, and Contemporary Reminiscenses of Pro 
 fessor Person and others; from the MS. papers of Mr. 
 Barker, 2 vols., London. These volumes are before us. 
 They appear to be of the kind which we are contented to 
 " hope to read sometime," but do not feel impelled to de 
 vour instanter. 
 
 For further particulars of our author, see memoir in 
 Lon. Gent. Mag., May, 1839; and Preface to the Literary 
 Anecdotes cited above. 
 
 Barker, George. Sermons, 1697. 
 
 Barker, J. The Character and Tendency of the 
 Christian Religion, on Rom. i. 17, Sheffield, 1833. 
 
 Barker, James. Sermon on Col. iii. 12, 1661. 
 
 Barker, James N., a native of Philadelphia, U. S. 
 America, has pub. Tears and Smiles, How to Try a Lover, 
 and other works. See a poem of Mr. B.'s, entitled Little 
 Red Riding Hood, in Griswold's Poets and Poetry of 
 America. 
 
 Barker, John. Sermon on John xvii. 20, 21, 1683. 
 
 Barker, John. Treasury of Fortification, Lon., 1707. 
 
 Barker, John, M.D., d. 1748, at London, was author 
 of a work on the nature of the fevers which raged at 
 London in 1740-41 ; also of An Essay on the Agreement 
 between Ancient and Modern Physicians, <fec., Lon., 1747. 
 In French, Amst., 1749. Paris, with notes by Lorry, 1767. 
 
 Barker, John. Sermons, 1720-64. An eminent 
 Presbyterian minister at Salter's Hall. He was usually 
 styled the " Silver-tongued Barker," from his fascinating 
 delivery. 
 
 " His Sermons are composed in a natural and easy style ; the 
 subjects are of a practical nature, and treated in a manner highly 
 judicious and evangelical." WALTER WILSON. 
 
 Barker, John. Medical Works, 1786-96. 
 
 Barker, Matthew. Natural Theology. Sermons, 1674. 
 
 Barker, Peter. Exps. on the Ten Commandments, 
 1624. 
 
 Barker, Ralph. Sermons on John xxi. 17, 1691. 
 
 Barker,Richard. Consilium Anti-Pestilentiale,1665. 
 
 Barker, Richard. Sermon on Gal. i. 10, 1707. 
 
 Barker, Root., M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1736-77. 
 
 Barker, Robt. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1785. 
 
 Barker, Robt. Medical work, Oxford, 1801. 
 
 Barker, S. Providential Deliverances, 1806. 
 
 Barker, Saml. Funeral of the Countess of Oxford; 
 a Sermon on 1 Thess. iv. 13, 1702. 
 
 Barker, Saml. Poesis Vetus Hebraica resti tutus, 
 Ac., 1761. 
 
 Barker, Thomas, 1721-1809, son of the above, and 
 grandson of the celebrated William Whiston, pub. several 
 theological treatises, and contributed Meteorological Jour 
 nals, (1761-98,) and other papers, to the Phil. Trans., 
 1749-99. A Work on Baptism, 1771. The Messiah, 1780. 
 The Demoniacs in the Gospel, 1780. Whiston gives a 
 very high character to the father of our author : 
 
 " Nor is it easily possible for one man to be more obliged to ano 
 ther than I and my family have long been to Mr. Barker : May 
 God Almighty reward him for the same both in this and the next 
 world." Whiston's Memoirs. 
 
 Barker, Thomas. Art of Angling, Lon., 1651. An 
 edit. 1653, anon. In 1820 the edit, of 1651 was reprinted 
 at Leeds, 1817, of which one copy was struck off in 4to. 
 Barker's Delight, or the Art of Angling. The 2d edit., 
 much enlarged, Lon., 1657-59. Reprinted 1820, of which 
 four copies were printed on yellow paper, and one on vel 
 lum. LOWNDES. 
 
 Barker, Thomas. Dr. Wells's Letter, Ac., Lon., 
 1706. Funeral Sermon on 1 Pet. iii. 4, 1712. 
 
 Barker, W. H. Grammar of the Hebrew Language, 
 1774. Hebrew and English Lexicon, 1812. 
 
 Barker, Bark am, or Bercher, Wm. Trans, of 
 some theological.historical, <fcc., works into English, Lon . 
 1554-99. 
 
 Barker, Wm. Principles of Hair-dressing, 1785. 
 
 Barkham. See BABCHAM, JOHN. 
 
 Barksdale, Clement, 1609-1687, entered as a ser 
 vitor in Merton College, Oxford, in 1625. After pursuing 
 his studies with great assiduity he took holy orders, and 
 in 1637 supplied the place of chaplain of Lincoln College 
 at the church of All Saints. At the Restoration, Charles 
 II. gave him the living of Naunton near Hawling, in 
 Gloucestershire, which he retained until his death. 
 
 " He was a good Disputant, a great admirer of Hugh Grotius, a 
 frequent Preacher, but very conceited and vain, a great pretender 
 
 121 
 
BAR 
 
 BAR 
 
 to Poetry, and a Writer and Translator of several little Tracts, 
 most of which are moir Scribbles." A. WOOD. 
 
 Barksdale's works were pub. from time to time, 1640-79. 
 They are chiefly little religious tracts. Of others, the 
 principal are Nympha Libethris, or the Cotswold Muse : 
 presenting some extempore Verses to the imitation of young 
 Scholars. In four parts, Lon., 1651. Wood takes care to 
 inform us that this book does not refer to the " Cotswold 
 Games," which for forty years were carried on under the 
 superintendence of Eobt Dover : 
 
 " Endimion Porter, Esq., did to encourage Dover, give him some 
 Of the King's old Cloaths, with a Hat and Feather and Ruff, pur 
 posely to grace him, and consequently the Solemnity. Dover was 
 constantly there in Person well mounted and accoutred, and was 
 the chief Director and Manager of those Games frequented by the 
 Nobility and Gentry, (some of whom came 60 Miles to see them,) 
 even till the rascally Rebellion was began by the Presbyterians, 
 which gave a stop to their Proceedings, and spoiled all that was 
 generous or ingenious elsewhere." Athm, Oxon. 
 
 Life of Hugo Grotius, Lon., 1652 : from Meursis and 
 others. Hooker's Judicious Illustrations of Holy Scripture, 
 Lon., 1675. 
 
 Memorials of Worthy Persons. Two Decads, Lon., 1661. 
 The third Decad, Oxon., 1662. The fourth, Oxon., 1663. 
 A Remembrance of Excellent Men, Lon., 1670. 
 
 " This, which goes for the fifth Decad, contains the character of 
 9 Divines and one Layman, taken and scribbled as the rest of the 
 Decads were, from the Sermons preached at their Funerals, their 
 Lives and Characters, occasionally given Of them in Public Authors." 
 
 The Nympha Libethris is a very rare volume. A copy 
 in the Bibl. Anglo-Poet, is priced 20. See a description 
 of, and extracts from, this volume, by Mr. Park in the 
 Censura Literaria. A reprint, consisting of 40 copies, was 
 pub. in 1816 by Sir Egerton Brydges. 
 
 Barkshire, Earl of. Publication of Guianas Plan- 
 tation, newly undertaken by the Earl of Barkshire, Lon., 
 1623. 
 
 Barkstead, Wm., an actor temp. James I. The In 
 satiate Countess [from Bandello] which bears J. Marston's 
 name in some copies of the editions of 1613, 1631, has 
 been ascribed to Barkstead. (See Biog. Dramat. Vol. ii. 
 Rose's Biog. Diet.) Myrrha, the Mother of Adonis, or 
 Lust's Prodigies, a Poem, Lon., 1607. Hirem, or the Fair 
 Greek, a Poem, Lon., 1611. 
 
 Barkwith, W. Cases before Ld. Hardwick, Ac. 
 
 Barlace, G. Sketch of the Progress of Knowledge 
 in England, with notices of learned men, Lon., 1820, 4to. 
 
 Barlee. Doctrine of Predestination, 1658. 
 
 Barlee, Edward. Free and Explanatory Version 
 of the Epistles, Lon., 1837. 
 
 "The translator has taken great liberties with the authorized 
 version." LOWNDES. 
 
 Barley, Wm. Martyrdome of St. George, Lon., 1614. 
 
 Barlow, Edward. 1. Meteor. Essays. 2. The Tide, 
 Lon., 1715-17. 
 
 Barlow, Edward. Con. to Annals of Med., 1802. 
 
 Barlow, Frederic. English Peerage, Lon., 1773. 
 
 "In no estimation as a genealogical work." LOWNDES. 
 
 Barlow, J. The Loss of the Abergavenny : a Poem. 
 1805. 
 
 Barlow, Joel, 1755-1812, was a native of Reading, 
 Connecticut. He was first placed at Dartmouth College, 
 but returned to New Haven, where he graduated in 1778. 
 After a very insufficient preparation, he obtained a license 
 to preach, and joined the American army in the capacity 
 of chaplain. In 1783, when the army was disbanded, 
 Barlow threw aside his clerical character, and resumed 
 his law studies. He was not successful at the bar, and 
 was induced to visit Europe in 1788 as an agent of the 
 Scioto Company. At Paris he was a zealous adherent of 
 the Girondists. Whilst yet at Paris, in 1795, he was ap 
 pointed, by President Washington, consul to Algiers. 
 Returning to the French capital, he resumed some mer 
 cantile operations in which he had previously been en 
 gaged. His enterprise was rewarded by a handsome for 
 tune. After 17 years' absence he returned to America in 
 1805, and purchased a house in Washington, where he 
 took up his residence. In 1811 he was appointed minister 
 plenipotentiary to the French government. His negotia 
 tions at Paris for a commercial treaty, and indemnification 
 for spoliation, were not successful. In the autumn of 1812 
 he received an invitation to a conference with Napoleon 
 at Wilna, in Poland. Whilst on his journey, his progress 
 was arrested by an attack of inflammation of the lungs, 
 of which he died at Zarnowitch, a small village near Cra 
 cow. Barlow's first literary production, a poem written in 
 1778, may be found in a volume entitled American Poems, 
 pub. at Litchfield in 1793. In 1791, when made Master 
 of Arts, he recited a poem called The Prospect of Peace, 
 which was subsequently merged in The Columbiad. The 
 122 
 
 germ of this epic, The Vision of Columbus, was pub. in 
 1787. His next literary employment was editing Watts's 
 Version of the Psalms, pub. in 1786. He was concerned 
 about this time in a weekly paper, a book store, and in 
 contributing to the Anarchiad. In 1791 he pub. in Lon 
 don the first part of his Advice to the Privileged Orders. 
 Part II. appeared in 1795. In 1792 he gave to the public 
 The Conspiracy of Kings, a poem of about 400 lines. 
 Whilst at Chambery, in Savoy, he wrote The Hasty Pud 
 ding, the most popular of his poems. 
 
 " This is a very pleasing performance. . . . His versification is 
 successfully modelled upon that of Goldsmith : he has interspersed 
 the poem with several ludicrous parodies on the most popular pas 
 sages of English poetry, and his subject naturally presented him 
 with many images and views of life, which, if not in themselves 
 highly poetical, have, at least, all the fresh bloom and fragrance 
 of untried novelty." Anakctic Magazine. 
 
 We should not omit to mention Barlow's zealous at 
 tempts to establish a great national academy under the 
 patronage of the federal government. In 1806 he drew 
 up a prospectus of a national institution. Mr. Logan, of 
 Pennsylvania, introduced a bill into the Senate of the 
 United States, and it passed to a second reading. It was 
 referred to a committee who never reported, and the pro 
 ject came to nothing. 
 
 In 1808 The Columbiad made its appearance in the most 
 magnificent volume which had ever been pub. in America. 
 The engravings were executed in London. A few copies 
 were sold, but the high price was an obstacle to circula 
 tion. A cheaper edition was issued in 1809 ; and in the 
 same year it was pub. in London by Philips. The Colum 
 biad is composed of a number of visions, in which Hesper, 
 the genius of the western Continent, presents to Columbus, 
 whilst immured in prison at Valladolid, " that which shall 
 be hereafter." The War of the Revolution, the events 
 which are to precede, and those which are to follow, form 
 part of the vast materiel of this epic. 
 
 " This poem has a radical defect of plan, which it would have 
 been difficult for any degree of poetical genius to have completely 
 overcome. It is the narrative of a vision and a dialogue, conti 
 nued through ten cantos, and nearly 7000 lines. Its time of ac 
 tion extends from a remote period of antiquity to distant futurity, 
 and the scene shifts, with the rapidity of a pantomime, from one 
 part of the globe to another. It has no regularly connected nar 
 ration, or series of action, by which characters might be developed, 
 interest excited, and the attention kept alive. Besides, the con 
 stant mixture of real and familiar history with allegory and fic 
 tion, is a combination utterly destructive of that temporary illu 
 sion by which we are led to interest ourselves in the adventures 
 of an epic hero. . . . His verses bear no signs of poetical inspira 
 tion ; it is evident that they have all been worked by dint of reso 
 lute labour." Analectic Mag. t vol. iv. 
 
 The faults, both of plan and execution, of the Colum 
 biad, " were remarked upon, with their usual severity, by 
 the Edinburgh reviewers, as well as several other critical 
 journals of this country and of Great Britain." Barlow 
 bore these attacks without making any formal defence, 
 yet with less dignity than became a philosopher, attribut 
 ing them all to political enmity, and, like Sir Fretful Pla 
 giary in the play, often expressing his utter contempt and 
 disregard of all his assailants. 
 
 " In sketching the history of America from the days of Manco 
 Capac down to the present day, and a few thousand years lower, 
 the author, of course, cannot spare time to make us acquainted 
 with any one individual. The most important personages, there 
 fore, appear but once upon the scene, and then pass away and are 
 forgotten. Mr. Barlow's exhibition accordingly partakes more of 
 the nature of a procession, than of a drama. River gods, sachems, 
 majors of militia, all enter at one side of his stage, and go off at 
 the other, never to return. Rocha and Oella take up as much 
 room as Greene and Washington ; and the rivers Potowmak and 
 Delaware, those fluent and venerable personages, both act and 
 talk a great deal more than Jefferson or Franklin." LORD JEF 
 FREY : Edinburgh Review. See OLMSTEAD, REV. LEMUEL G. 
 
 Barlow, John, became a student of Hart Hall, Oxf., 
 in 1600. He pub. a number of sermons, (vide Athen. Oxon.,) 
 1618-32. 
 
 Barlow, Peter, b. 1776, at Norwich, an eminent ma 
 thematician, although he had only the advantages of a 
 common-school education. In 1806, he was appointed 
 one of the mathematical masters in the Royal Military 
 Academy at Woolwich, and filled the chair until 1847, 
 when he resigned. 1. Elementary Investigation of tho 
 Theory of Numbers, 1811, 8vo. 2. New Mathematical 
 Tables, 1814. 3. Mathematical and Philosophical Dic 
 tionary, 1814. 4. Essay on Strength of Timber and other 
 Materials, 8vo. 5. Magnetic Attractions, 1820, 8vo, 6. 
 Treatise on the Manufactures, &c. of Great Britain, 4to. 
 7. Tables of Squares, Cubes, Square Roots, Ac. ; new ed., 
 1843, 8vo. Con. to Nic. Jour., 1802-09-10. Mr. Barlow 
 is a Fellow of Ast. Soc. Mem. Acad. at St. Petersburg, 
 Brussels, and Paris. 
 
BAR 
 
 Barlow, R. A Philosophizing Spirit, <fcc. ; a Sermon, 
 1808. 
 
 Barlow, Sir llobt. On the B. India Company, 1813. 
 
 Barlow, Stephen. History of Ireland, 1813-14. 
 
 Barlow, Theodore. Justice of Peace, Lon., 1745. 
 
 Barlow, Thomas, 1607-1691, descended from the 
 ancient family of Barlow-moore in Lancashire, was born 
 at Langhill, in Westmoreland. In his 16th year he was 
 entered of Queen's College, Oxford, and in 1633 was chosen 
 Fellow of his College. Two years later he received the 
 appointment of metaphysic-reader in the University. His 
 lectures were highly commended, and were pub. in 1637-38. 
 In 1652 he was elected keeper of the Bodleian Library, 
 and in 1657 was chosen provost of his college, succeeding 
 Dr. Langbaine. On the death of Bishop Fuller he was 
 consecrated his successor in the see of Lincoln. He was 
 a voluminous writer. Among his principal works are the 
 following : A Letter on Redemption, 1651. For Toleration 
 of the Jews, 1660. Mr. Cottington's Case of Divorce, 1671. 
 Confutation of the Infallibility of the Church of Rome, 
 1673. The Gunpowder Treason, 1679. Against Popery, 
 
 1679. Quincii Cornelii Europaei Monarchia Solipossorum, 
 
 1680. Several Treatises relative to Dissenters, and the 
 Church of Rome, 1676-88. He left directions that none 
 of his MSS. should be printed after his death; neverthe 
 less Sir Peter Pett pub. his Cases of Conscience in 1692, 
 and Genuine Remains of Bishop Barlow in 1693. On the 
 latter work Henry Brougham pub. Reflections in 1694: 
 the list of books was pub. separately by W. Offley in 1699. 
 
 " There are many valuable hints in the Remains." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Among them was Directions for the Choice of Books in 
 the Study of Divinity, which was pub. from MSS. by Offley 
 in 1699 , this latter edition is more correct than the pre 
 vious one. 
 
 "This, as likewise Bp. Wilkins's Ecelesiastes, (9th ed. pub. 1718,) 
 contains much valuable information respecting older books of di 
 vinity." LOWNDES. 
 
 Two Letters of Bp. Barlow's on Justification were repub. 
 in 1826. 
 
 " In these excellent letters the Bishop ably establishes the doc 
 trines of the Reformation." 
 
 " A powerful polemical defence of the Doctrine. See Carlisle's 
 Old Doctrine of Faith, 1823, and Essay on the extent of human 
 and Divine Agency in producing Faith, Edinburgh, 1827." BICK 
 ERSTETH. 
 
 "If the Reader wishes to see this subject treated with a degree 
 of closeness of reasoning and logical accuracy which defies confuta 
 tion, he will do well to peruse these Letters." ARCHDEACON BROWNE. 
 
 Wood quotes a florid commendation of our author by 
 Arthur, Earl of Anglesey. 
 
 " I never think of this Bishop, and of his incomparable know 
 ledge both in Theology and Church History, and in the Ecclesias 
 tical Law, without applying to him in my Thoughts, the Cha 
 racter that Cicero gave Crassus, viz. : Non unus e rmiltis, sed units 
 inter omnes, prop singularis." Memoirs. 
 
 Barlow, or Barlowe, William, d. 1568, was be 
 fore the Reformation a monk in the Augustine Monastery, 
 of St. Osith in Essex, and was educated there, and at Ox 
 ford. It is a very remarkable fact that he was succes 
 sively bishop of four sees, viz.: 1. St. Asaph; 2. St. 
 David's; 3. Bath and Wells; 4. Chichester; and was 
 father-in-law to four bishops, and one archbishop, viz. : 
 the bishops of, 1. Hereford. 2. Winchester, (Day.) 3. Lich- 
 field and Coventry. 4. Winchester, (Wickham.) 5. Arch 
 bishop of York. (The five daughters were all by one wife, , 
 Agatha Wellesbourne.) So that our author was not with 
 out "benefit of Clergy." He wrote Christian Homilies, 
 Cosmography, (?) The Buriall of the Mass, Lutheran Fac 
 tions, (?) Lon., 1553, 2d ed. He assisted in the compila 
 tion of The Godly and Pious Institution of a Christian 
 Man, commonly called The Bishop's Book, Lon., 1537. 
 He is said to have trans, into English, in Edward VI.'s 
 reign, The Apocrypha as far as the Book of Wisdom. 
 There is in Bishop Burnet's History of the Reformation, 
 His Answers to certain Queries concerning the Abuses of 
 the Mass. 
 
 " In 1553, upon Queen Mary's coming to the Crown, he was de 
 prived of his Bishoprick [Bath and Wells] for being married; com 
 mitted for some time to the Fleet, whence escaping, he retired with 
 many others into Germany under pretence of Religion, and lived 
 there in a poor and exile condition." A. WOOD. 
 
 He was noted for his propensity to levity and jesting. 
 Archbishop Cranmer would sometimes say at the conclu 
 sion of a long debate, 
 
 " This is all very true : but my brother Barlowe, in half an hour, 
 will teach the world to believe it is but a jest." See Strype's 
 Cranmer, Parker, Annals., Biog. Brit., Harrington's Brief Tiew. 
 
 Barlow, William, d. 1613, successively Bishop of 
 Rochester and Lincoln, was a native of Lancashire. He 
 was a Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and Chaplain 
 to Queen Elizabeth and to Archbishop Whitgift. In 1605 
 he was elected Bishop of Rochester, and in 1608 was trans- | 
 
 BAR 
 
 lated to Lincoln. His principal works are Defence of the 
 Articles of the Protestant Religion against a Certain Libel, 
 Lon., 1601 ; Authentic Relation of the Famous Conference 
 between Archbishop Whitgift and the Puritans, held at 
 Hampton Court, Jan. 14, 15, 16, 1603, before King James I., 
 Lon., 1604. He trans, three Sermons from Lavater, Lon., 
 1596, and pub. a Life of Dr. Richard Cosin, an eminent 
 civilian, with whom he had lived in his youth. See Has- 
 sted's Kent, vol. ii., and Willis's Cathedrals. He Avas re 
 puted a learned and excellent preacher. 
 
 Barlow, or Barlowe, W illiam, d. 1625, a divine 
 and an eminent mathematician, was the son of William 
 I Barlow, Bishop of St. David's, <fcc. (See ante.) He en- 
 j tered a commoner at Baliol College, Oxford, in 1560; 
 | B. A., 1564; about which time he went to sea, where he 
 ! acquired a considerable knowledge of navigation, which 
 j he put to profitable use in his writings. About 1573 he 
 i took holy orders, and in 1588 became prebendary of Lich- 
 | field. He deserves commendation as a practical philoso- 
 i pher, and acute observer in the department which engaged 
 I his attention. He wrote several works on his favourite 
 subjects. 
 
 The Navigator's Supply, Lon., 1597. 
 
 " This booke was written by a bishop's sonne, 
 
 And by affinity to many bishops kinne :" 
 We have seen [BARLOW BP. WILLIAM, ante] that he had 
 five episcopal brothers-in-law. 
 
 " Considering the period at which it was written, this is certainly 
 a most extraordinary production." 
 
 Magnetical Advertisement, concerning the Nature and 
 Properties of the Loadstone, Lon., 1616 ; A Brief Discovery 
 of the Idle Animadversions of Mark Ridley, M.D., upon 
 a Treatise entitled Magnetical Advertisement, Lon., 1618. 
 " This was the person who had knowledge in the Magnet 20 
 years before Dr. Will Gilbert published his Book of that subject, 
 and therefore by those that knew him, he was accounted superior, 
 or at least equal to that Doctor for an industrious and happy 
 searcher and finder out of many rare and magnetical secrets. He 
 was the first that made the inclinatory instrument transparent, 
 and to be used pendant, with a glass on both sides and ring on 
 the top, whereas Dr. Gilbert's hath it but of one side, and to be set 
 on a foot. And moreover, he hang'd it in a Compass-box, where 
 with two ounces weight, it was fit for use at sea. Secondly, ho 
 was the first that found out and shewed the difference between 
 Iron and Steel, and their tempers for Magnetical Uses, which 
 hath given life and quickening, universally to all Magnetical In 
 struments whatsoever. Thirdly, he was the first that showed the 
 right way of touching Magnetical Needles. Fourthly, he was the 
 first that found out and showed the piercing and cementing of 
 Loadstones. And lastly, the first that showed the reasons why a 
 Loadstone being double capped, must take up so great weight." 
 Athen. Oxen. ; also see Button's Mathematical Dictionary. 
 
 As the first English writer on the nature and properties 
 of the magnet, and the inventor of the compass-box, as 
 now used at sea, Barlow's name should ever be held in 
 high esteem, not only by those " who go down to the sea 
 in ships and occupy their business in the great waters," 
 but by all who are in any way interested and who can 
 be excepted? in the profitable uses of navigation. 
 
 Barlow, William. 1. A Treatise. 2. A Sermon, 
 Lon., 1690. 
 
 Barlow, William. Con. to Phil., Trans., 1740-41. 
 Barlow, William. Theory of Numbers, Lon., 1811. 
 Barnaby, A. Proposals for Duty on Malt, 1696. 
 Barnard, Lady Anne, 1750-1825, was the daughter 
 of James Lindsay, fifth Earl of Balcarras, and wife to Sir 
 Andrew Barnard, librarian to George III. She was au 
 thoress of the well-known ballad, Auld Robin Gray ; the 
 authorship of which was kept a secret for more than fifty 
 years. In 1823, in a letter to Sir Walter Scott, Lady 
 Barnard acknowledges the ballad as her own, and gives 
 an interesting account of the circumstances attending its 
 production. Captain Hall tells us that during a visit to 
 Abbotsford in 1825, 
 
 " Sir Walter entertained us much by an account of the origin 
 of the beautiful song of ' Auld Robin Grav.' ' It was written,' he 
 said, 'by Lady Anne Lindsay, now Lady Anne Barnard. She 
 happened to be at a house where she met Miss Suff Johnson, a 
 well-known person, who played the air, and accompanied it by 
 words of no great delicacy, whatever their antiquity might be; 
 and Lady Anne, lamenting that no better words should belong to 
 such a melody, immediately set to work, and composed this very 
 pathetic story. Truth, I am sorry to say, obliges me to add that 
 it was a fiction. Robin Gray was her father's gardener, and the 
 idea of the young lover going to sea, which would have been quite 
 out of character here amongst the shepherds, was natural enough 
 where she was then residing, on the coast of Fife. It was long 
 unknown who the author was; and indeed there was a clergyman 
 on the coast whose conscience was so large that he took the burden 
 of this matter upon himself, and plead guilty to the authorship. 
 About two years ago I wrote to Lady Anne to know the truth, 
 and she wrote back to say she was certainly the author, but won 
 dered how I could have guessed it, as there was no person alive to 
 whom she had told it. When I mentioned having heard it long 
 ago from a common friend who was dead, she then recollected mo, 
 
BAR 
 
 BAR 
 
 to Poetry, and a "Writer and Translator of several little Tracts, 
 most of which are moir Scribbles." A. WOOD. 
 
 Barksdale's works were pub. from time to time, 1640-79. 
 They are chiefly little religious tracts. Of others, the 
 principal are Nympha Libethris, or the Cotswold Muse : 
 presenting some extempore Verses to the imitation of young 
 Scholars. In four parts, Lon., 1651. Wood takes care to 
 inform us that this book does not refer to the " Cotswold 
 Games," which for forty years were carried on under the 
 superintendence of Robt. Dover : 
 
 " Endimion Porter, Esq., did to encourage Dover, give him some 
 of the King's old Cloaths, with a Hat and Feather and Ruff, pur 
 posely to grace him, and consequently the Solemnity. Dover was 
 constantly there in Person well mounted and accoutred, and was 
 the chief Director and Manager of those Games frequented by the 
 Nobility and Gentry, (some of whom came 60 Miles to see them,) 
 even till the rascally Rebellion was began by the Presbyterians, 
 which gave a stop to their Proceedings, and spoiled all that was 
 generous or ingenious elsewhere." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Life of Hugo Grotius, Lon., 1652 : from Meursis and 
 others. Hooker's Judicious Illustrations of Holy Scripture, 
 Lon., 1675. 
 
 Memorials of Worthy Persons. Two Decads, Lon., 1661. 
 The third Decad, Oxon., 1662. The fourth, Oxon., 1663. 
 A Remembrance of Excellent Men, Lon., 1670. 
 
 " This, which goes for the fifth Decad, contains the character of 
 9 Divines and one Layman, taken and scribbled as the rest of the 
 Decads were, from the Sermons preached at their Funerals, their 
 Lives and Characters,oceasionally given Of them in Public Authors." 
 
 The Nympha Libethris is a very rare volume. A copy 
 in the Bibl. Anglo-Poet is priced 20. See a description 
 of, and extracts from, this volume, by Mr. Park in the 
 Censura Literaria. A reprint, consisting of 40 copies, was 
 pub. in 1816 by Sir Egerton Brydges. 
 
 Barkshire, Earl of. Publication of Guianas Plan 
 tation, newly undertaken by the Earl of Barkshire, Lon., 
 1623. 
 
 Barkstead, Wm., an actor temp. James I. The In 
 satiate Countess [from Bandello] which bears J. Marston's 
 name in some copies of the editions of 1613, 1631, has 
 been ascribed to Barkstead. (See Biog. Dramat. Vol. ii. 
 Rose's Biog. Diet.) Myrrha, the Mother of Adonis, or 
 Lust's Prodigies, a Poem, Lon., 1607. Hirem, or the Fair 
 Greek, a Poem, Lon., 1611. 
 
 Barkwith, W. Cases before Ld. Hardwick, &c. 
 
 Barlace, G. Sketch of the Progress of Knowledge 
 in England, with notices of learned men, Lon., 1820, 4to. 
 
 Barlee. Doctrine of Predestination, 1658. 
 
 Barlee, Edward. Free and Explanatory Version 
 of the Epistles, Lon., 1837. 
 
 "The translator has taken great liberties with the authorized 
 version." LOWNDES. 
 
 Barley, Wm. Martyrdome of St. George, Lon., 1614. 
 
 Barlow, Edward. 1. Meteor. Essays. 2. The Tide, 
 Lon., 1715-17. 
 
 Barlow, Edward. Con. to Annals of Med., 1802. 
 
 Barlow, Frederic. English Peerage, Lon., 1773. 
 
 "In no estimation as a genealogical work." LOWNDES. 
 
 Barlow, J. The Loss of the Abergavenny : a Poem, 
 1805. 
 
 Barlow, Joel, 1755-1812, was a native of Reading, 
 Connecticut. He was first placed at Dartmouth College, 
 but returned to New Haven, where he graduated in 1778. 
 After a very insufficient preparation, he obtained a license 
 to preach, and joined the American army in the capacity 
 of chaplain. In 1783, when the army was disbanded, 
 Barlow threw aside his clerical character, and resumed 
 his law studies. He was not successful at the bar, and 
 was induced to visit Europe in 1788 as an agent of the 
 Scioto Company. At Paris he was a zealous adherent of 
 the Girondists. Whilst yet at Paris, in 1795, he was ap 
 pointed, by President Washington, consul to Algiers. 
 Returning to the French capital, he resumed some mer 
 cantile operations in which he had previously been en 
 gaged. His enterprise was rewarded by a handsome for 
 tune. After 17 years' absence he returned to America in 
 1805, and purchased a house in Washington, where he 
 took up his residence. In 1811 he was appointed minister 
 plenipotentiary to the French government. His negotia 
 tions at Paris for a commercial treaty, and indemnification 
 for spoliation, were not successful. In the autumn of 1812 
 he received an invitation to a conference with Napoleon 
 at Wilna, in Poland. Whilst on his journey, his progress 
 was arrested by an attack of inflammation of the lungs, 
 of which he died at Zarnowitch, a small village near Cra 
 cow. Barlow's first literary production, a poem written in 
 1778, may be found in a volume entitled American Poems, 
 pub. at Litchfield in 1793. In 1791, when made Master 
 of Arts, he recited a poem called The Prospect of Peace, 
 which was subsequently merged in The Columbiad. The 
 
 123 
 
 germ of this epic, The Vision of Columbus, was pub. in 
 1787. His next literary employment was editing Watts's 
 Version of the Psalms, pub. in 1786. He was concerned 
 about this time in a weekly paper, a book store, and in 
 contributing to the Anarchiad. In 1791 he pub. in Lon 
 don the first part of his Advice to the Privileged Orders. 
 Part II. appeared in 1795. In 1792 he gave to the public 
 The Conspiracy of Kings, a poem of about 400 linos. 
 Whilst at Chambery, in Savoy, he wrote The Hasty Pud 
 ding, the most popular of his poems. 
 
 " This is a very pleasing performance. . . . His versification is 
 successfully modelled upon that of Goldsmith : he has interspersed 
 the poem with several ludicrous parodies on the most popular pas 
 sages of English poetry, and his subject naturally presented him 
 with many images and views of life, which, if not in themselves 
 highly poetical, have, at least, all the fresh bloom and fragrance 
 of untried novelty." Anakctic Magazine. 
 
 We should not omit to mention Barlow's zealous at 
 tempts to establish a great national academy under the 
 patronage of the federal government. In 1806 he drew 
 up a prospectus of a national institution. Mr. Logan, of 
 Pennsylvania, introduced a bill into the Senate of the 
 United States, and it passed to a second reading. It was 
 referred to a committee who never reported, and the pro 
 ject came to nothing. 
 
 In 1808 The Columbiad made its appearance in the most 
 magnificent volume which had ever been pub. in America. 
 The engravings were executed in London. A few copies 
 were sold, but the high price was an obstacle to circula 
 tion. A cheaper edition was issued in 1809 ; and in the 
 same year it was pub. in London by Philips. The Colum 
 biad is composed of a number of visions, in which Hesper, 
 the genius of the western Continent, presents to Columbus, 
 whilst immured in prison at Valladolid, " that which shall 
 be hereafter." The War of the Revolution, the events 
 which are to precede, and those which are to follow, form 
 part of the vast materiel of this epic. 
 
 " This poem has a radical defect of plan, which it would have 
 been difficult for any degree of poetical genius to have completely 
 overcome. It is the narrative of a vision and a dialogue, conti 
 nued through ten cantos, and nearly 7000 lines. Its time of ac 
 tion extends from a remote period of antiquity to distant futurity, 
 and the scene shifts, with the rapidity of a pantomime, from one 
 part of the globe to another. It has no regularly connected nar 
 ration, or series of action, by which characters might be developed, 
 interest excited, and the attention kept alive. Besides, the con 
 stant mixture of real and familiar history with allegory and fic 
 tion, is a combination utterly destructive of that temporary illu 
 sion by which we are led to interest ourselves in the adventures 
 of an epic hero. . . . His verses bear no signs of poetical inspira 
 tion ; it is evident that they have all been worked by dint of reso 
 lute labour." Analectic Mag., vol. iv. 
 
 The faults, both of plan and execution, of the Colum 
 biad, " were remarked upon, with their usual severity, by 
 the Edinburgh reviewers, as well as several other critical 
 journals of this country and of Great Britain." Barlow 
 bore these attacks without making any formal defence, 
 yet with less dignity than became a philosopher, attribut 
 ing them all to political enmity, and, like Sir Fretful Pla 
 giary in the play, often expressing his utter contempt and 
 disregard of all his assailants. 
 
 " In sketching the history of America from the days of Manco 
 Capac down to the present day, and a few thousand years lower, 
 the author, of course, cannot spare time to make us acquainted 
 with any one individual. The most important personages, there 
 fore, appear but once upon the scene, and then pass away and are 
 forgotten. Mr. Barlow's exhibition accordingly partakes more of 
 the nature of a procession, than of a drama. River gods, sachems, 
 majors of militia, all enter at one side of his stage, and go off at 
 the other, never to return. Rocha and Oella take up as much 
 room as Greene and Washington ; and the rivers Potowmak and 
 Delaware, those fluent and venerable personages, both act and 
 talk a great deal more than Jefferson or Franklin." LORD JKF- 
 FRET : Edinburgh Review. See OLMSTEAD, REV. LEMUEL G. 
 
 Barlow, John, became a student of Hart Hall, Oxf., 
 in 1600. He pub. a number of sermons, (vide Athen. Oxon.,) 
 1618-32. 
 
 Barlow, Peter, b. 1776, at Norwich, an eminent ma 
 thematician, although he had only the advantages of a 
 common-school education. In 1806, he was appointed 
 one of the mathematical masters in the Royal Military 
 Academy at Woolwich, and filled the chair until 1847, 
 when he resigned. 1. Elementary Investigation of the 
 Theory of Numbers, 1811, 8vo. 2. New Mathematical 
 Tables, 1814. 3. Mathematical and Philosophical Dic 
 tionary, 1814. 4. Essay on Strength of Timber and other 
 Materials, 8vo. 5. Magnetic Attractions, 1820, Svo, 6. 
 Treatise on the Manufactures, Ac. of Great Britain, 4to. 
 7. Tables of Squares, Cubes, Square Roots, Ac. ; new ed., 
 1843, Svo. Con. to Nic. Jour., 1802-09-10. Mr. Barlow 
 is a Fellow of Ast. Soc. Mem. Acad. at St. Petersburg, 
 Brussels, and Paris. 
 
BAR 
 
 Barlow, R. A Philosophizing Spirit, &c. ; a Sermon, 
 1808. 
 
 Barlow, Sir Robt. On the E. India Company, 1813. 
 
 Barlow, Stephen. History of Ireland, 1813-14. 
 
 Barlow, Theodore. Justice of Peace, Lon., 1745. 
 
 Barlow, Thomas, 1607-1691, descended from the 
 ancient family of Barlow-moore in Lancashire, was born 
 at Langhill, in Westmoreland. In his 16th year he was 
 entered of Queen's College, Oxford, and in 1633 was chosen 
 Fellow of his College. Two years later he received the 
 appointment of metaphysic-reader in the University. His 
 lectures were highly commended, and were pub. in 1637-38. 
 In 1652 he was elected keeper of the Bodleian Library, 
 and in 1657 was chosen provost of his college, succeeding 
 Dr. Langbaine. On the death of Bishop Fuller he was 
 consecrated his successor in the see of Lincoln. He was 
 a voluminous writer. Among his principal works are the 
 following : A Letter on Redemption, 1651. For Toleration 
 of the Jews, 1660. Mr. Cottington's Case of Divorce, 1671. 
 Confutation of the Infallibility of the Church of Rome, 
 1673. The Gunpowder Treason, 1679. Against Popery, 
 
 1679. Quincii Cornelii Europaei Monarchia Solipossorum, 
 
 1680. Several Treatises relative to Dissenters, and the 
 Church of Rome, 1676-88. He left directions that none 
 of his MSS. should be printed after his death ; neverthe 
 less Sir Peter Pett pub. his Cases of Conscience in 1692, 
 and Genuine Remains of Bishop Barlow in 1693. On the 
 latter work Henry Brougham pub. Reflections in 1694: 
 the list of books was pub. separately by W. Ofiiey in 1699. 
 
 " There are many valuable hints in the Remains." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Among them was Directions for the Choice of Books in 
 the Study of Divinity, which was pub. from MSS. by Ofiiey 
 in 1699 ; this latter edition is more correct than the pre 
 vious one. 
 
 "This, as likewise Bp. Wilkins's Ecelesiastes, (9th ed. pub. 1718,) 
 contains much valuable information respecting older books of di 
 vinity." LOWXDES. 
 
 Two Letters of Bp. Barlow's on Justification were repub. 
 in 1826. 
 
 " In these excellent letters the Bishop ably establishes the doc 
 trines of the Reformation." 
 
 " A powerful polemical defence of the Doctrine. See Carlisle's 
 Old Doctrine of Faith, 1823, and Essay on the extent of human 
 and Divine Agency in producing Faith, Edinburgh, 1827." BICK 
 ERSTETH. 
 
 " If the Reader wishes to see this subject treated with a degree 
 of closeness of reasoning and logical accuracy which defies confuta 
 tion, he will do well to peruse these Letters." ARCHDEACON BROWNE. 
 
 Wood quotes a florid commendation of our author by 
 Arthur, Earl of Anglesey. 
 
 " I never think of this Bishop, and of his incomparable know 
 ledge both in Theology and Church History, and in the Ecclesias 
 tical Law, without applying to him in my Thoughts, the Cha 
 racter that Cicero gave Crassus, viz.: Non unus e muUis, sed unus 
 inter omnes, prop singitlaris." Memoirs. 
 
 Barlow, or Barlowe, William, d. 1568, was be 
 fore the Reformation a monk in the Augustine Monastery, 
 of St. Osith in Essex, and was educated there, and at Ox 
 ford. It is a very remarkable fact that he was succes 
 sively bishop of four sees, viz.: 1. St. Asaph; 2. St. 
 David's; 3. Bath and Wells; 4. Chichester; and was 
 father-in-law to four bishops, and one archbishop, viz.: 
 the bishops of, 1. Hereford. 2. Winchester, (Day.) 3. Lich- 
 field and Coventry. 4. Winchester, (Wickham.) 5. Arch 
 bishop of York. (The five daughters were all by one wife, , 
 Agatha Wellesbourne.) So that our author was not with 
 out "benefit of Clergy." He wrote Christian Homilies, 
 Cosmography, (?) The Buriall of the Mass, Lutheran Fac 
 tions, (?) Lon., 1553, 2d ed. He assisted in the compila 
 tion of The Godly and Pious Institution of a Christian 
 Man, commonly called The Bishop's Book, Lon., 1537. 
 He is said to have trans, into English, in Edward VI.'s 
 reign, The Apocrypha as far as the Book of Wisdom. 
 There is in Bishop Burnet's History of the Reformation, 
 His Answers to certain Queries concerning the Abuses of 
 the Mass. 
 
 " In 1553, upon Queen Mary's coming to the Crown, he was de 
 prived of his Bishoprick [Bath and Wells] for being married; com 
 mitted for some time to the Fleet, whence escaping, he retired with 
 many others into Germany under pretence of Religion, and lived 
 there in a poor and exile condition." A. WOOD. 
 
 He was noted for his propensity to levity and jesting. 
 Archbishop Cranmer would sometimes say at the conclu 
 sion of a long debate, 
 
 " This is all very true : but my brother Barlowe, in half an hour, 
 will teach the world to believe it is but a jest." See Strype's 
 Cranmer, Parker, Annals., Biog. Brit., Harrington's Brief Tiew. 
 
 Barlow, William, d. 1613, successively Bishop of 
 Rochester and Lincoln, was a native of Lancashire. He 
 was a Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and Chaplain 
 to Queen Elizabeth and to Archbishop Whitgift. In 1605 j 
 he was elected Bishop of Rochester, and in 1608 was trans- { 
 
 BAR 
 
 lated to Lincoln. His principal works are Defence of the 
 Articles of the Protestant Religion against a Certain Libel, 
 Lpn., 1601; Authentic Relation of the Famous Conference 
 between Archbishop Whitgift and the Puritans, held at 
 Hampton Court, Jan. 14, 15, 16, 1603, before King James I., 
 ' Lon., 1604. He trans, three Sermons from Lavater, Lon., 
 1596, and pub. a Life of Dr. Richard Cosin, an eminent 
 civilian, with whom he had lived in his youth. See Has- 
 i sted's Kent, vol. ii., and Willis's Cathedrals. He was re 
 puted a learned and excellent preacher. 
 
 Barlow, or Barlowe, William, d. 1625, a divine 
 and an eminent mathematician, was the son of William 
 I Barlow, Bishop of St. David's, <fcc. (See ante.) He en- 
 j tered a commoner at Baliol College, Oxford, in 1560 ; 
 ! B. A., 1564; about which time he went to sea, where he 
 ! acquired a considerable knowledge of navigation, which 
 j he put to profitable use in his writings. About 1573 he 
 ! took holy orders, and in 1588 became prebendary of Lich- 
 I field. He deserves commendation as a practical philoso- 
 ) pher, and acute observer in the department which engaged 
 I his attention. He wrote several works on his favourite 
 subjects. 
 
 The Navigator's Supply, Lon., 1597. 
 
 " This booke was written by a bishop's sonne, 
 
 And by affinity to many bishops kinne :" 
 We have seen [BARLOW Bp. WILLIAM, ante] that he had 
 five episcopal brothers-in-law. 
 
 " Considering the period at which it was written, this is certainly 
 a most extraordinary production." 
 
 Magnetical Advertisement, concerning the Nature and 
 
 Properties of the Loadstone, Lon., 1616 ; A Brief Discovery 
 
 ; of the Idle Animadversions of Mark Ridley, M.D., upon 
 
 a Treatise entitled Magnetical Advertisement, Lon., 1618. 
 
 " This was the person who had knowledge in the Magnet 20 
 
 years before Dr. Will Gilbert published his Book of that subject, 
 
 and therefore by those that knew him, he was accounted superior, 
 
 j or at least equal to that Doctor for an industrious and happy 
 
 searcher and finder out of many rare and magnetical secrets. He 
 
 was the first that made the inclinatory instrument transparent, 
 
 and to be used pendant, with a glass on both sides and ring on 
 
 ! the top, whereas Dr. Gilbert's hath it but of one side, and to be set 
 
 !on a foot. And moreover, he hang'd it in a Compass-box, where 
 with two ounces weight, it was fit for use at, sea. Secondly, ho 
 j was the first that found out and shewed the difference between 
 Iron and Steel, and their tempers for Magnetical Uses, which 
 hath given life and quickening, universally to all Magnetical In 
 struments whatsoever. Thirdly, he was the first that showed the 
 right way of touching Magnetical Needles. Fourthly, he was the 
 first that found out and showed the piercing and cementing of 
 Loadstones. And lastly, the first that showed the reasons why a 
 Loadstone being double capped, must take up so great weight." 
 Athen. Oxon. ; also see Hutton's Mathematical Dictionary. 
 
 As the first English writer on the nature and properties 
 of the magnet, and the inventor of the compass-box, as 
 now used at sea, Barlow's name should ever be held in 
 high esteem, not only by those "who go down to the sea 
 in ships and occupy their business in the great waters," 
 but by all who are in any way interested and who can 
 be excepted? in the profitable uses of navigation. 
 
 Barlow, William. 1. A Treatise. 2. A Sermon, 
 Lon., 1690. 
 
 Barlow, William. Con. to Phil., Trans., 1740-41. 
 
 Barlow, William. Theory of Numbers, Lon., 1811. 
 
 Barnaby, A. Proposals for Duty on Malt, 1696. 
 
 Barnard, Lady Anne, 1750-1825, was the daughter 
 of James Lindsay, fifth Earl of Balcarras, and wife to Sir 
 Andrew Barnard, librarian to George III. She was au 
 thoress of the well-known ballad, Auld Robin Gray ; the 
 authorship of which was kept a secret for more than fifty 
 years. In 1823, in a letter to Sir Walter Scott, Lady 
 Barnard acknowledges the ballad as her own, and gives 
 an interesting account of the circumstances attending its 
 production. Captain Hall tells us that during a visit to 
 Abbotsford in 1825, 
 
 " Sir Walter entertained us much by an account of the origin 
 of the beautiful song of ' Auld Robin Gray.' ' It was written,' he 
 said, ' by Lady Anne Lindsay, now Lady Anne Barnard. She 
 happened to be at a house where she met Miss Suff Johnson a 
 well-known person, who played the air, and accompanied it by 
 words of no great delicacy, whatever their antiquity might be; 
 and Lady Anne, lamenting that no better words should belong to 
 such a melody, immediately set to work, and composed this very- 
 pathetic story. Truth, I am sorry to say, obliges me to add that 
 it was a fiction. Robin Gray was her father's gardener, and the 
 idea of the young lover going to sea, which would have been quite 
 out of character here amongst the shepherds, was natural enough 
 where she was then residing, on the coast of Fife. It was long 
 unknown who the author was; and indeed there was a clergyman 
 on the coast whose conscience was so large that he took the burden 
 of this matter upon himself, and plead guilty to the authorship. 
 About two years ago I wrote to Lady Anne to know the truth, 
 and she wrote back to say she was certainly the author, but won 
 dered how I could have guessed it, as there was no person alive to 
 whom she had told it. When I mentioned having heard it long 
 ago from a common friend who was dead, she then recollected uio, 
 
BAR 
 
 and wrote me one of the kindest letters I ever received, saying she 
 had till now not the smallest idea that I was the little lame boy 
 she had known so many years before.' " 
 
 In 1825, Sir Walter Scott edited for the Bannatyne Club 
 a tract containing a corrected version of the original bal 
 lad, and two continuations by the authoress. 
 
 Barnard, Mrs. Caroline. A Parent's Offspring; 
 or Tales for Children, 1812, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " In these tales, our young readers will find considerable variety 
 and interest, together with some humour, and a good moral ten 
 dency." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Barnard, Edward, 1721-1774, minister at Haver- 
 hill, Massachusetts, was an excellent scholar, and a highly 
 esteemed preacher and minister. He pub. sermons, <fcc., 
 1754, '65, '73. 
 
 Barnard, Francis. Funl. serin, on Mrs.Fularton,1735. 
 Barnard, Frederick A. P., LL.D., b. 1809, Shef 
 field, Mass., graduated at Yale College, 1828; in 1831-33, 
 instructor in the American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb 
 at Hartford; in 1833-38, tutor in the N. Y. Inst. for Deaf 
 and Dumb ; in 1848-54, Prof, of Nat. Philos., Math., and 
 afterwards Chemistry, in the Univ. of Alabama; in 1856, 
 Prest. Univ. of Mississippi. 1. Treatise on Arithmetic, 
 1830. 2. Grammar, 1834. 3. Letters on College Govern 
 ment, and the Evils inseparable from the American College 
 System in its Present Form, 1855. 
 
 "This is a work of extraordinary ability, and has excited the at 
 tention of the ablest minds in the country." Appleton's New 
 Amer. Gyc. 
 
 Barnard, Henry, b. at Hartford, Connecticut, 1811 ; 
 graduated at Yale College in 1830 ; received the degree of 
 LL.D. from Yale College in 1852, from Union College in 
 1852, and from Harvard College in 1853. Mr. B. is well 
 known for his laborious efforts and many publications on 
 behalf of the system of Public Schools. We have before 
 us a list of no less than twenty-eight documents, reports, 
 &c., for which the country is indebted to this public bene 
 factor. Such men are worthy of all honour. 1. School 
 Architecture; 5th ed., 1854, N. York, pp. 464. 2. Practical 
 Illustrations of School Architecture, pp. 175. 3. Normal 
 Schools in the United States, pp. 215. 4. Normal Schools 
 in the U. States and Europe, pp. 670. 5. National Educa 
 tion in Europe, pp. 890. This work should accompany 
 Prof. A. D. Bache's Education in Europe. 6. Reports on 
 Common Schools in Connecticut from 1838 to 1842. 7. Do., 
 1850-51-52. 8. History of Education in Connecticut from 
 1638 to 1854, pp. 600. 9. Report on Public Schools in 
 Rhode Island, 1845 and '48. 10. Documentary History 
 of Public Schools in Providence, pp. 96. 11. Education 
 and Employment of Children in Factories, pp. 84. 12. 
 Connecticut Common School Journal, 183842, 4 vols. 
 
 13. Rhode Island Journal of Instruction, 1845-49, 3 vols. 
 
 14. Discourses on Life and Character of T. H. Gallaudet, 
 pp. 60. 15. Tribute to Doctor Gallaudet, with History of 
 the American Asylum, pp. 268. 16. Hints and Methods 
 for the Use of Teachers, pp. 128. 17. Life of Ezekiel 
 Cheever, and Notes on the Free Schools of New England. 
 18. American Journal of Education, 1856-57, 4 vols. 
 
 " Dr. Barnard, by his writing on school-architecture, has created 
 a new department in educational literature." DR. VOGEL, Leipzig. 
 
 " I cannot omit this opportunity of recommending the reports 
 which have emanated from this source, as rich in important sug 
 gestions, and full of the most sound and practical views in regard 
 to the whole subject of school-education." BISHOP ALONZO POTTER, 
 in the School and Schoolmaster, p. 159, 1842. 
 
 "The several reports of Henry Barnard, Esq., Secretary of the 
 Board of Education, the most able, efficient, and best-informed 
 officer that could, perhaps, be engaged in the service, contain a 
 digest of the fullest and most valuable importance that is readily 
 to be obtained on the subject of common schools, both in Europe 
 and the United States. I can only refer to these documents with 
 the highest opinion of their merits and value." Kent's Com 
 mentaries, 5th ed., vol. ii. 196. 
 
 "Mr. Barnard, in his work on 'National Education in Europe,' 
 has collected and arranged more valuable information and statistics 
 than can be found in any one volume in the English language. It 
 groups under one view the varied experience of nearly all civilized 
 countries." Westminster Review, Jan. 1854. 
 
 Barnard, James. The Divinity of Christ demon 
 strated from Holy Scripture, and from the Doctrine of the 
 Primitive Church, in a Series of Letters addressed to the 
 Rev. Joseph Priestley, in answer to his Letters addressed 
 to the Rev. Dr. Geddes,Lon.,1789. See HORSLEY, SAMUEL ; 
 PRIESTLEY, JOSEPH. 
 
 Barnard, or Bernard, John, d. 1683, an English 
 divine, was first of Cambridge, but removed himself to 
 Oxford. By the visitors deputed by Parliament, he was 
 in 1648 made Fellow of Lincoln College. Afterwards 
 marrying a daughter of Dr. Peter Heylyn, he became rec 
 tor of Waddington in Lincolnshire. 
 
 "In 1669 he took the degrees in Divinity, being then in some 
 repute in his country for his learning and orthodox principles." 
 124 
 
 BAR 
 
 Censura Cleri, against scandalous ministers, not fit to be 
 restored to the Church's livings, in point of prudence, piety, 
 and fame, Lon., 1660 ; in 3 sheets. 
 
 " His name is not set to this Pamphlet, and he did not care after 
 wards, when he saw how the event proved, to be known that he 
 was the author." WOOD. 
 
 Theologo-historicus, or the true life of the most reverend 
 divine, and excellent historian, Peter Heylyn, D.D., Lon . 
 1683. 
 
 " Published, as the author pretended, to correct the errors, sup. 
 ply the defects, and confute the calumnies of a late writer, viz : 
 George Vernon, who had before published the said doctor's life." 
 
 To this work is added, An Answer to Mr. Baxter's false 
 accusation of Mr. Heylyn. He also pub. a Catechism for 
 the use of his parish. 
 
 Barnard, or Bernard, John, Enlarged Bohun'g 
 Geog. Dictionary, Lon., 1693, fol. and wrote some politi 
 cal pieces. 
 
 Barnard, John, 1681-1770, minister in Marblehead, 
 was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He was a man of 
 great sagacity in temporal affairs, and by his judicious 
 advice, greatly improved the commercial wealth and ship 
 ping interest of Marblehead. As a minister, he was emi 
 nent for his learning and piety, and zealous devotion to 
 his duties. He pub. a number of sermons, and other 
 theological treatises, 1717, '24, '25, '27, '31, '34, '38, '42, 
 '46, '47, '50, '52, '56, '61, '62. A Proof of Jesus Christ's 
 being the Messiah : the first published Dudleian Lecture, 
 1756 : A Version of the Psalms, about 1751 : A Letter to 
 Pres. Stiles, pub. in the Massachusetts Hist. Collections. 
 
 Barnard, John, 1690-1758, minister in Andover, 
 Massachusetts. He pub. a discourse on the earthquake ; 
 to a society of young men; on sinful mirth, 1728 ; election 
 sermon, 1746. 
 
 Barnard, Sir John, 1685-1764, Lord Mayor of the 
 city of London, and its representative in parliament for 
 nearly forty years. 1. A Defence of Seven Proposals for 
 raising of Three Millions, <fcc., Lon., 1716. 2. Reducing 
 the Interest on the National Debt, 1749 : anon. Another 
 treatise has been ascribed to Sir John. 
 
 Barnard, Jon. Assize Sermon, Ps. cxxvii., 1707. 
 
 Barnard, Jon. Sermons, 1727. One do., 1742. 
 
 Barnard, Hon. Richard Boyle, M.P. Tour 
 through some parts of France, Switzerland, Savoy, Ger 
 many, and Belgium, 1815. 
 
 Barnard, S. Sermon, Amos iii. 3, Hull, 1789. 
 
 Barnard, Thomas. Sermons, &c., 1710, '18, '42. 
 
 Barnard, Thomas, 1714-1776, minister in Salem, 
 Massachusetts, was the son of the preceding. He pub. 
 sermons, 1743, '57, '58, '62, '63, '68. 
 
 Barnard, Thomas, 1748-1814, minister in Salem, 
 Massachusetts, pub. sermons, 1786, (at the ordination of 
 A. Bancroft,) '89, '93, '94, '95, '96, 1803, '06. 
 
 Barnard, Wm., Bp. of Derry. Serm. Matt. iii. 9, 1752. 
 
 Barnard, Wm. Con. to Phil. Trans. 1773-80. 
 
 Barnard is sometimes written Bernard, q. v. 
 
 Barnardiston, J., Master of Corpus Christi College. 
 Serm. preached before the House of Commons, Matt. xxii. 
 21, 1766. 
 
 Barnardiston, Thomas. Reports of Cases in the 
 High Court of Chancery, 13 and 14 Geo. II,, from April 
 25, 1740, to May 9, 1741; folio, Lon., 1742. Respecting 
 the merits of these reports there has been a wide differ 
 ence of opinion. Lord Mansfield, who knew the reporter, 
 and was at the bar when the reports were taken, consi 
 dered them as lacking authority, and went so far as to for 
 bid counsel to refer to them in arguing cases before him. 
 We find the following anecdote in Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 " Mr. Preston, in an argument before the Lord Chancellor, re 
 marked, ' We come now, my lord, to the important case of Eliot 
 v. Merryman, on which conveyancers have at all times relied as 
 very material to the law affecting the case now before the court, 
 which is in Barnardiston' s Reports.' Lord Lyndhurst : ' Barnardis 
 ton, Mr. Preston! I fear that is a book of no great authority ; I 
 recollect, in my younger days, it was said of Barnardiston, that 
 he was accustomed to slumber over his note-book, and the wags 
 in his rear took the opportunity of scribbling nonsense into it.' 
 Mr. Preston : ' There are some cases in Barnardiston, which in my 
 experience, and having had frequent occasion to compare that re 
 porter's cases with the same cases elsewhere, I have found to be 
 the only sensible and intelligible reports, and I trust I shall show 
 your lordship that it may be said of Barnardiston, non omnibus 
 dormio.' Lord Manners, relying on a case in these reports, says : 
 ' Although Barnardiston is not considered a very correct reporter, 
 yet some of his cases are very accurately reported.' And Lord 
 Eldon, in reference to the same work, observed, ' I take the liberty 
 of saying, that in that book there are reports of very great autho 
 rity.' The doubts as to the accuracy of the reporter, have led, in 
 several instances, to a comparison of the volumes with the regis 
 ter's book, which proves that Barnardiston, for the most part, has 
 correctly reported the decisions of the Court. These reports have 
 a peculiar value, from the fact of containing the decisions of the 
 great Lord Hardwicke; and if the author has occasionally fallen 
 
BAR 
 
 Into slight errors, they are nether so glaring, or numerous, as to I 
 detract much from their merits, or render them unworthy of a 
 place in every lawyer's library." 
 
 Reports of Cases in the Court of King's Bench, <fcc., from 
 1726-31. 2 vols. folio, Lon., 1744. Frequently condemned, 
 and yet often cited. The accuracy of some of the reports 
 is proved by a comparison with other reporters. 
 
 Not of much authority in general." LORD KENTON. See Wal 
 lace's Reporters; Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 Barnby, Mrs. Novels, 1803, '4, '8. 
 
 Barne, Miles. Sermons, 1670, '75, '82, '83, '84. 
 
 Barne, Thos. Serm. at Paul's Crosse,1591. Oxf.,1591. 
 
 Barnes, Major . Tour through St. Helena, 1817. 
 
 Barnes, Albert, b. 1798, is a native of Rome, New 
 York. In 1817 he entered Fairfield Academy, Connecti 
 cut, where he remained nearly three years. In 1819 he 
 entered the senior class of Hamilton College, and gradu 
 ated in July, 1820. He had intended devoting himself to 
 the practice of the law, but was led by convictions of duty 
 to prepare for the ministry. He pursued his theological 
 studies at the Princeton Seminary. He was licensed April 
 23, 1823, at Lawrence ville, New Jersey, by the Presbytery 
 of Elizabethtown. After preaching at various places in 
 Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Jersey, he took 
 charge of the First Presbyterian Church in Morristown, 
 New Jersey. In 1830 he received a call from the First Pres 
 byterian Church in Philadelphia, and was installed June 25, 
 1830, and still continues pastor of that congregation, (1858.) 
 
 The particulars of the ecclesiastical experience of this 
 eminently useful and highly esteemed gentleman it does 
 not come within our province to notice. 
 
 In this country and in Great Britain, Mr. Barnes (for 
 he has repeatedly refused the title of D.D. from conscien 
 tious motives) is widely known for his commentaries on 
 the books of the New Testament, (pub. at intervals, in 
 eleven volumes,) on Job, Isaiah, and Daniel. The notes 
 upon the New Testament have been very extensively cir 
 culated among Sunday-school teachers, and others, and 
 form one of the most useful instrumentalities in the Scrip 
 tural education of the young. With the doctrinal views 
 of the author we have here nothing to do : it is however 
 but justice to others to remark that many of the eminent 
 gentlemen whose favourable opinions of Mr. Barnes we 
 shall quote below, do not coincide with his views in seve 
 ral important points. 
 
 "Mr. Barnes's style is plain, simple, and direct; and though his 
 pages teem with the materiel of deep scholarship, yet he is, for the 
 most part, eminently happy in making himself intelligible and 
 interesting to every class ; while the rich practical remarks, every 
 now and then grafted upon the critical details, transfuse the de 
 votional spirit of the writer into the bosom of his reader." Amer. 
 Biblical Repository. 
 
 " We here have a work [Notes on the Epistle to the Romans] 
 better calculated, probably, than any other single volume that 
 could be named, to furnish a correct and competent acquaintance 
 with that important part of Scripture of which it treats, and one 
 that may be safely recommended to all classes, not only on this 
 particular ground, but also on its general merits as a manual of 
 Christian doctrines and of Christian ethics of experimental and 
 practical godliness. We should like to see it in the hands of all 
 our young people." Congregational Magazine. 
 
 Of the same work the Rev. James Hamilton remarks : 
 
 " Judging from that specimen I cannot but rejoice in the popu 
 larity and extensive circulation of the work. [The Notes on the 
 New Testament.] The notes are simple, direct, and satisfactory; 
 the production of a mind clear, fresh, and furnished with abun 
 dant learning, which is not ostentatious of itself." 
 
 The late very distinguished divine, Rev. J. Pye Smith, 
 D.D., remarks : 
 
 "Of Barnes's Notes on the New Testament, I purchased, as they 
 arrived, the volumes of the New York edition." 
 
 "The Notes of Albert Barnes, practical and explanatory, on the 
 New Testament, possess great excellence. They give within a 
 short compass the results of extensive reading and of much 
 thought; and they generally bring out the sense of the text with 
 clearness and force." Rev. William Lindesay, D.D., Prof. Bib. Criti 
 cism, U. P. Synod. 
 
 " Barnes has many excellencies as a commentator. His indus 
 try is great, and he has made a free but not unfair use of all avail 
 able sources of information. Possessed naturally of a clear and 
 vigorous understanding, his opinions are uniformly expressed in 
 a brief, perspicuous manner. He has a singular facility in draw 
 ing practical conclusions from the doctrinal statements and his 
 torical incidents of the Scripture. They are distinguished by good 
 sense and piety; they are natural without being obvious; and 
 often so striking and pointed as to partake of the character of 
 originality." Rev. N. Me Michael, Prof. ofEcdes. Hist. U. P. Synod. 
 
 "I have perused a considerable portion of Barnes's Notes on the 
 New Testament, to ascertain their suitableness for the use of Sab 
 bath-school teachers, and for the instruction of the young in fa 
 milies. These notes are neither very learned nor very profound ; 
 but they are characterized by good sense, earnest piety, and the 
 
 natural graces of a style remarkable for its simplicity and ease " 
 
 Rev. W. M. Hetherington, LL.D., Free. St. Paul's. Edinburgh. 
 
 " Barnes is so well known in this country as a commentator who 
 combines some of the most important qualifications for the work 
 
 BAR 
 
 he has undertaken, that he needs no further recommendation. I 
 know no guide to the understanding of the sacred oracles more 
 trustworthy. With respectable biblical scholarship, there is con 
 nected so much of evangelical sentiment, and genuine spiritu 
 ality of mind, that I earnestly wish the work were in the hands 
 of all persons who are engaged as missionaries or teachers of the 
 young." Rev. William Brock, Bloomsbury, London. 
 
 " I consider Barnes's Notes on the New Testament to be one of 
 the most valuable boons bestowed in these latter days on the 
 Church of Christ. The perspicuous and forcible manner in which 
 he presents the sense of Scripture, and the decidedly practical 
 bearing with which he universally invests his expositions, cannot 
 fail to recommend the work to all persons of enlightened and 
 vigorous piety." Rev. E. Henderson, D.D., London. 
 
 " Barnes's Notes on the New Testament are entitled to recom 
 mendation for their general simplicity and practical usefulness. 
 They are of such a description that they may be read with interest 
 and profit by all." Rev. Alex. Hitt, D.D., Prof, of Divinity in the 
 University of Glasgow. 
 
 " There are some peculiar excellencies in Barnes, and these are 
 such, and so important, as to give his book special claims on our 
 attention and gratitude. The clearness and simplicity of his ex 
 position, his devotional spirit, and his practical remarks, greatly 
 enhance his commentary." Rev. James Morgan, D.D., Belfast. 
 
 " His style is generally plain and perspicuous, but where occa 
 sion offers, energetic and effective." Rev. H. Cooke, D.D., LL.D., 
 Belfast. ' 
 
 " The primary design of Barnes's Commentary on the New Tes 
 tament, is to furnish Sunday-school teachers with a plain and 
 simple explanation of the more common difficulties of the book 
 which it is their province to teach. For this purpose it is admi 
 rably adapted ; and if it be carefully perused by the interesting 
 class of benefactors for whose advantage it is immediately in 
 tended, it cannot fail, under the divine blessing, greatly to ad 
 vance their efficiency and usefulness." Rev. David King, LL.D., 
 United Presb. Church, Glasgow. 
 
 The above opinions, which are all connected with com 
 mendations of Blackie & Son's (Glasgow, Edin., and Lon.) 
 edition, with supplementary notes, are the more to be 
 prized, as each one of the divines cited objects to some of 
 Mr. Barnes's doctrinal views. The supplementary notes 
 are intended, and by these gentlemen accepted, as correct 
 ives to this real or supposed want of soundness in the faith. 
 We subjoin an expression of opinion from a very distin 
 guished authority : 
 
 " Barnes is an admirable commentator. The ease and vigour of 
 his style ; the clear and natural manner in which he elicits the 
 sense of the text ; the point, variety, and impressiveness of his 
 practical reflections, and the evangelical spirit which pervades the 
 whole, combine to render him deservedly popular." Rev. John 
 Harris, D.D., Author of Mammon, <c. 
 
 " Mr. Barnes has attained to just celebrity both in America and 
 England, as a sound and judicious expositor of Holy Scripture. 
 His comments on Isaiah, on the Gospels, on the Acts of the Apos 
 tles, and on the Epistle to the Romans, have all enhanced his 
 credit as < a scribe well instructed in the mysteries of the king 
 dom.' As an interpreter of the word of God, he is remarkably free 
 from vague hypothesis and hazardous speculation." Lon. Ev. M. 
 
 The sale of the eleven vols. of Notes on the New Testa 
 ment is said to have reached nearly 400,000 vols. up to 
 1856. Inquiry into the Scriptural Views of Slavery, 12mo; 
 new ed., 1857. Manual of Prayers, 12mo. Sermons on 
 Revivals, 12mo. The Way of Salvation, 12mo. Practical 
 Sermons designed for Vacant Congregations, 12mo. The 
 Church and Slavery, 1857, 12mo. Prayers adapted to Family 
 Worship ; new ed., 1858, 12mo. Miscellaneous Essays and 
 Reviews, N. York, 1855, 2 vols. 12mo. The Atonement, in 
 its Relations to Law and Moral Government, 1859, 12mo. 
 
 Barnes, Barnaby, b. about 1569, was younger son 
 to Dr. Barnes, Bishop of Durham. He became a student 
 of Brasenose College in 1586, and left without a degree. 
 In 1591, according to Dr. Bliss, (Athen. Oxon., edit. 1815,) 
 he accompanied the Earl of Essex into France. He re 
 lieved his military duties by writing sonnets, Ac. 
 
 Parthenophil and Parthenope. Sonnettes, Madrigals, 
 Elegies, and Odes. The Printer's Address is dated May, 
 1593 ; see an account of this volume in Beloe's Anecdotes, 
 vol. ii. pp. 77-79. Many of the Sonnettes are inscribed to 
 Henry, Earl of Southampton ; the most vertuous, learned, 
 and bewtifull Ladie Marie, Countesse of Pembrooke; to 
 the right vertuous and most bewtifull, the Lady Strangue. 
 The Lady Brigett Manners, Ac. Neither Wood nor Watt 
 seem to have known any thing of this book. A copy in 
 the Bib. Anglo-Poet, is priced 30. The opening sonnet 
 is in a very pious strain : 
 
 " Thy wounds, my Cure, deare Sauiour! I desire 
 To pearce my thoughts! thy fierie Cherubinne, 
 (By kindling my desires,) true zeale t' infuse, 
 Thy loue my theame, and Holy Ghost my muse." 
 
 The Sonnettes are 100 in nnmber, and are succeeded by 
 a Hymne to the glorious honovr of the most blessed and 
 indivisible Trinitie. A Divine Centvrie of Spiritual Son 
 nets, Lon., 1595 ; reprinted in the second vol. of the Heli- 
 conia. Dedicated to Dr. Tobie Mathew. 
 
 Foure Bookes of Offices, enabling privat Persons for the 
 speciall Service of all good Princes and Policies, Lon., 
 
 125 
 
BAR 
 
 BAR 
 
 1606, folio, dedicated to King James. See Restituta, vol. 
 iv. p. 127-135. 
 
 Devil's Charter, a Tragaedie; conteining the Life and 
 Death of Pope Alexander the Sixt, Lon., 1607, 4to. Barnes 
 in 1598 wrote a Sonnet, prefixed to Florio's World of 
 Words; in 1606 he presented another, printed as a pre 
 face to Fame's Memorial to Ford, and in the same year 
 translated Cicero's Offices. See Ellis's Specimens for seve 
 ral of Barnes's Sonnets, which "at least have the merit of 
 combining an arbitrary recurrence of rhyme with the dig 
 nified freedom of blank verse." We have an amusing spe 
 cimen cf humility in his dedication of his Offices to King 
 James : he presents his work " under a speciall pardon for 
 his boldness in daring to do it as a poore unlearned schol- 
 ler, which offereth his ignorance in some rude exercise 
 unto his learned schoole-master." 
 
 " So little however is his work to be regarded as proceeding from 
 the head or hand of an unlearned scholar, that it consists chiefly 
 of citations from the writings of the ancient historians, philoso 
 phers, and poets, who penned their productions in the Greek and 
 Latin languages." Restitida: See ante. 
 
 Barnes, Daniel H., d. 1818, a Baptist preacher, 
 and an eminent conchologist of New York, originated and 
 conducted, in conjunction with Dr. Griscom, the high 
 school of New York ; he was also an active member of the 
 Lyceum of natural history in that city. He presided over 
 several seminaries, and refused the presidency of the col 
 lege at Washington City. He contributed several valuable 
 papers, illustrated by explanatory plates on Conchology, 
 to Silliman's Journal, viz., Geological Section of the Ca 
 naan Mountain, v. 8-21 ; Memoir on the genera unio and 
 alasmodonta, with numerous figures, vi. 107-127, 258-280; 
 Five species of chiton, with figures, vii. 69-72 ; Memoir on 
 batrachian animals, and doubtful reptiles, xi. 269-297, 
 xiii. 66-70. On magnetic polarity, xiii. 70-73 ; Reclama 
 tion of Unios, xiii. 358-364. (Sill. Jour. xv. 401 ; Allen's 
 Amer. Biog. Diet.) 
 
 Barnes, David, D.D., 1731-1811, minister of Scitu- 
 ate, Massachusetts, pub. Sermons, 1756, '95, 1800, '01, '02, 
 and 1803. A volume of his sermons, with a biographical 
 sketch, has been published. 
 
 Barnes, E. W., a native of Portsmouth, New Hamp 
 shire, has pub. a number of compositions in poetry and 
 prose in Annuals and Magazines. 
 
 Barnes, George. Cicero, or the Complete Orator, 
 in 3 Books or Dialogues, &c. Trans, into English, 1762. 
 
 Barnes, Henry. Legal Treatises, Ac. Notes of 
 Cases in point of Practice, taken in the Court of Common 
 Pleas, 1732-60. Best ed. 2 vols., Lon., 1815. 
 
 " The cases in this volume are very briefly reported, and are not 
 always to be relied on. Indeed, it could hardly be expected, in a 
 volume containing more than 2500 cases, upon points of practice 
 decided by various judges, whose opinions were not always coinci 
 dent, that there would be uniformity and agreement throughout." 
 Jfamn's Legal Bibl. 
 
 We extract some opinions from Wallace's Reporters, 
 which, with the volume cited above, should be in the library 
 of every lawyer and man of general reading. Both of 
 these excellent manuals have become very scarce, and 
 should be reprinted. 
 
 " Barnes has in general reported the practice of the court with 
 accuracy." SIR FRANCIS BULLER. 
 
 " Many cases reported in Barnes are not law." MR. JUSTICE 
 HEATH. 
 
 " When a ' rule absolute' was claimed from Chief Justice Abbot, 
 and Barnes was instanced as authority, the chief justice replied, 
 ' You may find rules absolute in Barnes for any thing.' " 
 
 " Barnes is an authority of little weight. ... His cases are so 
 contradictory that they destroy each other." WILLIAMS, of the Jf. 
 York Bar. 
 
 " The cases cited from Barnes are good as historical evidence to 
 prove the point of practice in issue." CHANCELLOR KENT. 
 
 "Barnes is good authority, I believe, for points of practice, though 
 for little beside." CHIEF JUSTICE GIBSON of Penn. 
 
 Barnes, J. Educational works, 1811-12. 
 
 Barnes, John, an English Roman Catholic, of-a Lan 
 cashire family, studied for some time at Oxford, 
 
 " But being always in animo ChViolicus, he left it, and his coun 
 try, and going into Spain, was instructed in Philosophy and Di 
 vinity by the femous Doctor J. Alp. Curiel, who was wont to call 
 Barnes by the name of John Huss, because of a spirit of contra 
 diction which was always observed in him." WOOD. 
 
 In 1625, at which period he was one of the confessors 
 of the Abbey of Chelles, he pub. a work against mental 
 reservation, entitled Dissertatio contra equivocationes. 
 Paris ; a French trans, was pub. at the same time. Theo- 
 
 ?hilus Raynaud attempted to answer this book in 1627. 
 n the same year, Barnes wrote Catholico-Romanus Paci- 
 ficus : an edition was pub. at Oxford in 1680 ; part of it 
 had been before made use of by Dr. Basire in his Ancient 
 Liberty of the Britannic Church. He also wrote an an- 
 flwer to Clement Reyner's Apostolatus Benedictinorum in 
 126 
 
 Anglia. Wood tells us that " This learned person being a 
 very moderate man in his opinion, and deeply sensible'by 
 his great reading and observation of several corruptions 
 of the Romish Church and Doctrine, which partly were 
 expressed in his Discourse, but mostly in a book which he 
 wrote, called Catholico-Romanus Pacifieus," <fcc. Barnes 
 was seized in Paris, " was carried out from the midst of 
 that city by force, was divested of his habit, and like a 
 four-footed brute, was in a barbarous manner tied to a 
 horse, and violently hurried away into Flanders." He 
 escaped from prison at Mechlin, but was retaken and thrown 
 into a prison of the Inquisition, where he died after thirty 
 years' confinement. Wood repels with scorn the story of 
 Barnes's insanity whilst in prison : 
 
 " Certain fierce people at Rome, being not contented with his 
 Death, have endeavoured to extinguish his Fame, boldly publish 
 ing that he died distracted." 
 
 Barnes, John* An Essay on Fate, and other Poems. 
 Published at the age of 14, 1807. 
 
 Barnes, John. A Tour through France, 1816. 
 
 Barnes, Joseph. The Praise of Marie, Oxford. 
 
 Barnes, Joshua, 1654-1712, a learned divine, and 
 professor of Greek at Cambridge, was a native of London. 
 He was educated at Christ's Hospital, where his early pro 
 ficiency in Greek was the subject of remark. In 1671 he 
 was admitted a servitor in Emanuel College, Cambridge, 
 was elected fellow in 1678, and in 1686 took the degree of 
 B.D. In 1695 he was chosen Greek professor of the Uni 
 versity of Cambridge. In his loth year he pub. a collec 
 tion of English poems, and was interested at an early age 
 in several other works. He gave to the world in 1675, 
 Geramia, or a New Discovery of a little sort of People, 
 called Pigmies. In the next year appeared his poetical 
 paraphrase of the History of Esther, which had been for 
 a long time in preparation. Select Discourses appeared in 
 1680. In 1688 was pub. The History of that most victo 
 rious monarch, Edward III. The author has imitated 
 Thucydides in putting long speeches into the mouths of 
 his characters. Nicolson remarks : 
 
 " Above all, Mr. Joshua Barnes has diligently collected whatever 
 was to be had, far and near, upon the several passages of this great 
 King's reign. His quotations are many ; and generally, his authors 
 are as well chosen as such a multitude can be supposed to have 
 been. His inferences are not always becoming a statesman ; and 
 sometimes his digressions are tedious. His deriving of the famous 
 institution of the Garter from the Phoenicians, is extremely oblig 
 ing to good Mr. Sammes; but came too late, it seems, to Mr. Ash- 
 mole's knowledge, or otherwise would have bid fair for a choice post 
 of honour in his elaborate book. In short, this industrious author 
 seems to have driven his work too last to the press, before he had 
 provided an index, and some other accoutrements, which might 
 have rendered it more serviceable to his readers." English Histo 
 rical Library. 
 
 The want of an index ! How often have we groaned 
 over indexless books ! How often have we been obliged to 
 do for ourselves what the witless author would not do for 
 us and make an index to his book ! His edition of Euri 
 pides, dedicated to Charles, Duke of Somerset, was pub. in 
 1694. In 1705 appeared his Anacreon, dedicated to the 
 Duke of Marlborough; and in 1701 he pub. an edition of 
 Homer : the Iliad dedicated to the Earl of Pembroke, and 
 the Odyssey to the Earl of Nottingham. He wrote many 
 other treatises, a list of which, including those which he 
 had published, and those which he contemplated giving to 
 the world, will be found prefixed to the edition of his Ana 
 creon, pub. in 1705. , We here find enumerated no less than 
 43 works ! His facility in writing and speaking Greek was 
 remarkable. He tells us in the parody of Homer, prefixed 
 to his poem on Esther, that he could compose sixty Greek 
 verses in an hour. He also avows in the preface to Esther 
 that he found it much easier to write his annotations in 
 Greek than in Latin, or even in English, "since the orna 
 ments of poetry are almost peculiar to the Greeks, and 
 since he had for many years been extremely conversant in 
 Homer, the great father and source of the Greek poetry." 
 He could off-hand turn a paragraph in a newspaper, or :i 
 hawker's bill, into any kind of Greek metre, and has been 
 often known to do so among his Cambridge friends. Dr. 
 Bentley used to say of Barnes that he "understood as 
 much Greek as a Greek cobbler :" meaning doubtless by 
 this that he had rather the " colloquial readiness of a vulgar 
 mechanic," than the erudition, taste, and judgment of a 
 scholar. The inscription suggested for his monument 
 first used by Menage in his satire upon Pierre Montmaur 
 we think too profane for repetition. The Greek Anacreon- 
 tiques written for his monument have been thus translated 
 " Kind Barnes, adorn'd by every Muse, 
 
 Each Greek in his own art out-does : 
 
 No Orator was ever greater; 
 
 No poet ever chanted sweeter. 
 
BAR 
 
 H' excellei in Grammar Mystery, 
 And the Black Prince of History : 
 And a Divine the most profound 
 That ever trod on English ground." 
 
 See the Biog. Brit, where find, also, this note : 
 
 " Mr. Barnes read a small English Bible, that he usually carried 
 about with him, one hundred and twenty-one times over, at leisure 
 hours." 
 
 All this is upon his monument 
 Barnes, Juliana. See BERNERS. 
 Barnes, Philip Edward, B.A., b. 1815, Norwich, 
 England. Electoral Law of Belgium, 1851. Translator 
 of D' Aubigne"s History of the Reformation in France, 1853. 
 
 Barnes, Ralph. Assize Sermon, 1759. 
 
 Barnes, Ralph. 1. Office of Sheriff, 1816. 2. Rela 
 tive to Modus for Tythes, 1818. 3. Voting at County 
 Elections, 1818. 
 
 Barnes, Robert, a reformer and martyr in the reign 
 of Henry VIIL, came to the stake in consequence of ad 
 vocating Luther's doctrines, in answer to a sermon of 
 Bishop Gardiner. He wrote Supplicacion vnto Pry nee H. 
 the VIII. The Cause of my Condempnation. The hole 
 Disputacion between the Byshops and Doctour Barnes, 
 London, by me, Johan Byddell, 1534, 4to. Again, by Hugh 
 Syngelton sine anno. Articles of his Faith, pub. in Latin 
 and in Dutch. Vitae Romanorum Pontificum, <tc. The 
 list extends from St. Peter to Alexander II., pub. with a 
 preface by Luther at Wirtemberg, 1536 ; afterwards at 
 Leyden, 1615, together with Bale's Lives of the Popes. 
 Luther pub. an account of the martyrdom of this holy man 
 Works collected by John Fox, Lon., 1573 : this edition in 
 cludes the works of W. Tyndall and John Frith. 
 
 Barnes, Root., of Mag. Coll. Visit Ser., Oxf., 1626. 
 
 Barnes, Robert, M.D., b. 1816, Norwich, England. 
 Pamphlets andMemoirs on Obstetrics,Hygiene,<fcc.,1850,'58. 
 
 Barnes, Root., of Mag. Coll. Vist Ser., Oxf., 1626. 
 
 Barnes, S. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1818. 
 
 Barnes, Susan Rebecca, an American poetess, is 
 a daughter of Mr. Richard H. Ayer of the city of Man 
 chester, in New Hampshire. 
 
 "Her poems are marked by many felicities of expression; and 
 they frequently combine a masculine vigour of style, with tender 
 ness and a passionate earnestness of feeling." Griswold's Female 
 l\)etx of America, where see specimens : Imalee, &c. 
 
 " Her poems have been favourably received, and show greater 
 strength and vigour than those that are written by the generality 
 of her sex." Woman's Record. 
 
 Barnes, Thomas, a Puritan divine of the 17th cen 
 tury, is mentioned by Cole as one of the authors of the 
 University of Cambridge. Among his productions is The 
 Wise Man's Forecast against the Evil Time, Lon., 1624; 
 reprinted in the Harleian Miscellany. 
 
 Barnes, Thomas. A Discourse on Exod. xxxiii. 14, 
 Lon., 1702. 
 
 Barnes, Thomas. Of Propagat Shrubs, Lon., 1758. 
 
 Barnes, Thomas, 1747-1810, a Presbyterian minis 
 ter, had, for thirty years, charge of a congregation in Man 
 chester, England. He pub. in 1786 A Discourse upon the 
 commencement of the Academy : an institution at Man 
 chester, over which he presided from 1786 to 1798. He 
 contributed some papers to the Trans. Manchester Society, 
 and to other periodicals. 
 
 A Funeral Sermon on the Death of the Rev. Thomas 
 Threlked of Rochdale, April 13, 1806. 
 
 This Mr. Threlked possessed a most remarkable memory : 
 He was a perfect Living Concordance to the Scriptures. You 
 could not mention three words, except perhaps those words of mere 
 connection which occur in hundreds of passages, to which he could 
 not immediately, without hesitation, assisnlhe Chapter and Verse 
 where they were to be found. And inversely, upon mentioning 
 the Chapter and Verse, he could repeat the Words. It was, as might 
 be expected, a favourite amusement of his fellow students to trv 
 his powers, and they were never known to feil him in a single in 
 stance. This Faculty continued with him unimpaired, to the day 
 ol his death. For, astonishing as the assertion may appear, it is 
 believed by all his friends to be literally true, that he never through 
 us whole life forgot one single number, or date combined with any 
 name or fact, when they had been once joined together, and laid 
 up m his Memory. When once there, they were engraved as upon 
 
 Thomas Barnes has been well called 
 
 " A man of uncommon activity and diligence with his pen, and 
 is said to have written many hundred sermons which he never 
 preached : a fact very extraordinary if we consider the number he 
 must have been obliged to preach in the course of forty-two years." 
 
 Barnes, William. Epigrams, Lon., 1803. 
 
 Barnes, William Geo. Sermons and Discourses, 
 Lon., 1752. 
 
 "The subjects of these discourses are chiefly practical; and tho' 
 there is nothing very striking or animated in them, yet they are 
 worthy the perusal of all serious and well disposed persons " 
 7xw. Monthly Review. 
 
 Barnet. God's Lift-up Hand for Lancashire, 1648. 
 
 BAR 
 
 Barnet, A. Funeral Sermon, Ps. ii. 3, 4, 1794. 
 
 Barnett, Richard. Odes, 1761. Lat & Eng. Poems, 
 1809. 
 
 Barnewall, R. V. Reports of Cases in King's Bench, 
 with E. H. Alderson, 1817-1822, pub. in 5 vols., Lon.) 
 1818-1822. (A continuation of Maule and Selwyn's Re 
 ports.) With C. Cresswell, 1822-1830, pub. in 10 vols., 
 Lon., 1830-1835; with J. L. Adolphus, 1830 to H. T. 
 4 Wm. IV., pub. in 5 vols., Lon., 1831-1835. Continued by 
 Adolphus and Ellis, 1835-1856. 
 
 Barnfield, Baruefield, or Barnefielde, Rich 
 ard, b. 1574, was entered at Brasenose College, Oxford, 
 in 1589. He wrote The Affectionate Shepherd, pub. 1594, 
 12mo; Cynthia, 1595, 12mo. The author bespeaks the 
 patience of the reader for his rude conceit of Cynthia : 
 
 " If for no other cause, yet for that it is the first imitation of the 
 verse of that excellent poet, Maister Spencer, in his Fayrie Queene." 
 
 In 1589 he pub. The Encomium of Lady Pecunia, or 
 the Praise of Money. The Complaint of Poetrie for the 
 Death of Liberalitie. The Combat between Conscience 
 and Covetousnesse in the Minde of Men ; and poems in 
 j divers humours. A second edit, of this work, considera 
 bly altered, appeared in 1605. Greene's Funerals was 
 erroneously attributed to Barnfield, but the ode, As it fell 
 upon a Day which was printed in England's Helicon, 
 1600, signed lynoto, and had the year before been given 
 as Shakspeare's, in the Passionate Pilgrim, really be 
 longs to our author. Come live with me, and be my love, 
 is another well-known poem of our author's. See Rose's 
 Biog. Diet: Ellis's Specimens; Ritson's Bib. Poet ; War- 
 ton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry. It is interesting to us to read 
 the opinions of any of Shakspeare's contemporaries upon 
 the great bard ; therefore we shall quote a few lines of 
 Barnfield's, written in 1598, eighteen years before Shaks 
 peare's death : 
 
 " And Shakspeare, thou, whose honey-flowing vein, 
 (Pleasing the world) thypraises doth contain; 
 Whose Venus and whose Lucrece, sweet and chaste, 
 Thy name in fame's immortal book hath plac'd, 
 Live ever you, at least in fame live ever! 
 Well may the body die, but fame die never." 
 
 A copy of the Affectionate Shepherd sold in Reed's sale 
 for 16 10. Beloe notices a copy in Sion College Library. 
 In 1816 James Boswell presented to the Members of the 
 Roxburghe Club a reprint (34 copies, 4to) of Poems by 
 Richard Barnfield, including Remarks by the late Ed 
 mund Malone. One of these copies was disposed of at 
 Bindley's sale for 6 16s. Qd. Boswell's sale, 4 6s. 
 
 Barnham, Sir Francis, a scholar and writer temp. 
 James L, one of the 84 who were to compose an Academy 
 Royal connected with the Order of the Garter. His His 
 tory of his family has never been published. 
 
 Barnham, T. C. A Series of Questions on the most 
 important Points connected with a legal Education, de 
 signed for the Use of Students preparing for Examina 
 tion, previously to their Admission in the Courts of Law 
 and Equity, 4th ed. By E. Ings, 12mo, Lon., 1840. 
 
 Barnum, Phineas T., born July 5th, 1810, in Be 
 thel, Conn. Autobiography, N. Y., 1854. Writer and 
 Lecturer on Agriculture and Temperance. Has an 
 nounced A History of Humbugs from the Earliest Ages 
 to the Present Day. 
 
 Baro, or Baron, Peter, d. about 1600, was born at 
 Etampes, in France, but resided the principal part of his 
 life in England, where he pub. a number of works. For 
 this reason we have given him a place in our volume. Ho 
 left his native country to avoid persecution, being a Pro 
 testant, and was received into the family of Lord Trea 
 surer Burleigh. Upon the invitation of Dr. Pierce he 
 settled at Cambridge, and there entered himself a student 
 of Trinity College. In 1575 he was appointed successor 
 to Dr. John Still as Margaret professor of divinity. His 
 doctrine did not give satisfaction to some of his hearers, 
 and he was involved in a number of controversies. Some 
 went so far as to think that he was acting a traitor's part 
 at Cambridge; designing to seduce those under his in 
 fluence to the Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 " For so it was, and they could not be beaten out of it, that they 
 thought, that as a certain Spaniard named Ant. Corranus was 
 brought to, and settled in, Oxon., purposely to corrupt the true 
 doctrine; so Peter Baro, a Frenchman was for Cambridge." WOOD. 
 
 Baro retained his chair until 1595, when he resigned, or 
 as Wood says, was removed, " not without the consent of 
 Dr. Whitgift, Archbishop of Canterbury." He removed 
 to London, where he died about 1600. 1. In Jonam Pro- 
 phetam Praelectiones XXXIX. 2. Conciones tres ad Cle- 
 rum Cantabrigiensem, Ac. 3. Theses Publicse in scholis 
 perorartae et disputatae. 4. Precationes quibus Usus est 
 Author in suis Prsclectionibus inchoandis et finiendis. The 
 
 127 
 
BAR 
 
 BAR 
 
 three first-named were trans, into English by John Lud- 
 ham. The whole were pub. in one vol., Lon., 1579, folio, 
 by the care of Osmond Lake. Baro wrote several other 
 works, which were pub. in 1580, 1613, et sine anno. 
 
 Baro, Baron, or Bonaventura, b. about 1600, d. 
 1696, was a Fitz-Gerald of Burnchurch in the county of 
 Kilkenny. He was born at Clonmell in Ireland, and was 
 a nephew of the celebrated Luke Wadding, a Franciscan 
 friar, eminent for his theological works. Baro entered the 
 Order of St. Francis, and resided almost entirely at Home. 
 
 He was attached to the college of St. Isidore, a society 
 of the Order of St. Francis, founded by Wadding, for the 
 education of Irish students in the liberal arts, divinity, 
 and controversy, to serve as a seminary out of which the 
 mission into England, Scotland, and Ireland might be 
 supplied. Baron was celebrated for the purity of his 
 Latin style. His Opuscula varia were pub. in 1666. This 
 contains his Metra Miscellanea, pub. 1645 ; Orations, 1645; 
 Prolusiones Philosophies, 1651 ; Scotus Defensus, 1662 ; 
 and all his separate works pub. ante 1666. Theologia was 
 pub. at Paris in 1676, in 6 vols. Vol. 1st of The Annales 
 Ordinis SS. Trinitatis Redemptionis Captivorum, which 
 begins with the year 1198 and is carried down to 1297, 
 was pub. at Rome in 1686. 
 
 Baron, John. Sermons pub. at Oxf., 1699, 1703. 
 Baron, Peter. Sermons, Acts xx. 23, 24, 8vo, 1742. 
 Baron, Richard, d. 1768, a dissenting minister, but 
 more noted as an ardent advocate for the cause of civil 
 and religious liberty, pub. what may perhaps be called 
 Thomas Gordon's Collection of Curious Tracts. 1. A Cor 
 dial for Low Spirits. 2. The Pillars of Priestcraft and 
 Orthodoxy shaken; enlarged to 4 vols., Lon., 1768. 3. Im 
 pression revised and improved with many additional Ar 
 ticles, Lon., 1763, 12mo, in 3 vols. Baron edited a num 
 ber of works reprinted by Thomas Hollis, among which 
 were the Iconoclastes of Milton, and a complete edition of 
 the works of this great poet. 
 
 Baron, Robert, b. about 1630, was a student at Cam 
 bridge. He pub. in 1647 The Cyprian Academy, Poculia 
 Castalia, &c., Lon., 1650. He was also the author of 
 Mirza, a Tragedy ; Gripus et Hegio ; and Deorum Dona. 
 See Winstanley, Philips, and Biog. Dramat., for other pieces 
 ascribed to Baron : some of which are evidently not his. 
 
 " The author seems [in Mirza] to have propos'd for his pattern 
 the famous Catiline, writ by Ben. Jonson, and has in several 
 places not only hit the model of his Scenes : but even imitated the 
 Language tolerably, for a young -writer." See Langbaine's Dra- 
 matick Poets : this author quotes an Anagram on Baron by his 
 friend, John Quarles : 
 
 . f Robertus Baronus 1 __ _, 
 Anar 1 Rarus Ab Orbe Notus f gram ' 
 
 Rarus, hand cuiquam peperit Natura Secundum Notus es et scrip- 
 tis (Baron) ab orbe tuis." 
 
 Baron, Robert, professor of divinity in Marischal 
 College, Aberdeen, was the author of Metaphysica Gene- 
 ralis, Lugd. Bat., 1657, which was in great favour with 
 eminent scholars on the continent. He pub. several theo 
 logical works, 1621-27, and '31. He was elected to the see 
 of Orkney, but was never consecrated, being driven by 
 persecution from Scotland. He died at Berwick. 
 
 Baron, Samuel. Description of the Kingdom of 
 Ton queen : see Churchill's Voyages, vol. vi., p. 117. 
 
 Baron, Stephen. Sermones, etc., Lon., per De 
 Worde. 
 
 Baron, William. Assize Sermon, 1683, 4to. 
 
 Barr. Con. to Phil. Trans. 1778. 
 
 Barr, John. Thanksg. Serm. after Rebellion, 1746, 8vo. 
 
 Barr, John. The Scripture Student's Assistant. 
 Glasg., 1829. 
 
 Barr, Robt. M. Penna. State Rep., 1845-56, Phil. 
 
 Barrand. Con. to Me. Jour., 1808. 
 
 Barrand, Philip. New book of Single Cyphers, 
 Lon., 1782. 
 
 Barrell, Miss. Riches and Poverty, 1808 ; The Test 
 of Virtue, and other Poems, 1811. 
 
 Barrell, And. Fens in Norfolk, Suffolk, Ac., 1642. 
 
 Barrell, Edmund. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1717-27. 
 
 Barret. Recantation of Certain Errors, Lon., 1628. 
 
 Barret, or Barrett, B. Analysis of the Nature of 
 Sublimity, &c., 1812 ; Life of Card. Ximenes, Lon., 1813. 
 
 Barret, John. Sermons, Ac., 1698-99. 
 
 Barret, John. Funeral Sermon, 1777. 
 
 Barret, John. See BARET, JOHN. 
 
 Barret, Onsow. Treatise on the Gout, 1785. 
 
 Barret, Phineas. European Exchanges, Lon., 1722. 
 
 Barret, Robert. Theorike and Pracktike of Mo- 
 derne Warres, Discoursed in Dialogue Wise, Lon., 1598, 
 folio. George Chalmers is of the opinion that Shakspeare 
 refers to this work in his " All's Well that Ends Well." 
 128 
 
 Barret, Robert. The Tarrier, Lon., 1660; Compa 
 nion, Ac., 1699. 
 
 Barret, or Barrett, Stephen, 1718-1801, a cla# 
 sical teacher and poet, wrote War, a Satire; and trans. 
 Ovid's Epistles into English Verse, (1759;) the latter work 
 is thought inferior to the former. 
 
 Barrett, Bryan. The Code Napoleon, Ac., 1812. 
 
 Barrett, Eaton Staunard, author of several poems, 
 novels, and humorous effusions, the best known of which 
 is The Heroine, or Adventures of Cherubina, a novel in 
 3 vols., Lon., 1813. 
 
 " The idea of this work is not new, since the pernicious effects 
 of indiscriminate novel-reading have been already displayed by 
 Mrs. Lenox in The Female Quixote, and by Miss Charlton in the 
 pleasing story of Rosella ; but the present tale is more extravagant 
 than either of those works; and the heroine's cruelty towards her 
 father indisposes the reader for being interested in her subsequent 
 fete. Mr. Barrett may also be censured for not confining his ridi 
 cule to allowable subjects: 'what should be great he turns to 
 farce,' both in his frequent sarcasms on the clergy, and in his ludi 
 crous parodies of scenes taken from our best novels : although it 
 might be presumed that, if CheruMna's reading had been limited 
 to respectable works of fiction, or if these had made the chief im 
 pression on her mind and memory, she would not have fallen into 
 the follies which she commits. Still, however, her adventures are 
 written with great spirit and humour; and they afford many scenes 
 at which ' To be grave exceeds all power of face.' " Lon. M. Rev. 
 
 Woman; a Poem, Lon., 1810, sm. 8vo. 
 
 Barrett, Elizabeth B. See BROWNING, MRS. 
 
 Barrett, Francis, Professor of Chemistry, Natural 
 and Occult Philosophy, pub. The Magus, or Celestial In 
 telligencer, being a Complete System of Occult Philoso 
 phy, illustrated with a great variety of curious engrav 
 ings, magical and cabalistical figures, Ac., Lon., 1801, 4to; 
 Lives of Alchemistical Philosophers, with a Critical Cata 
 logue of Books in Occult Chemistry, and a Selection of 
 the most Celebrated Treatises on the Theory and Practice 
 of the Hermetic Art, 1815, 8vo. The ignorant may dis 
 miss the " System of Occult Philosophy" with a contemptu 
 ous laugh, but the student of human nature will naturally 
 feel a desire to investigate the pretensions of a "science" 
 which has turned the brains of so many men of vast learn 
 ing and unquestioned integrity of purpose. 
 
 Barrett, Henry. The Alps; from the German of 
 Haller, Lon., 1796. 
 
 Barrett, John, D.D., 1746?-1821, Vice-Provost of 
 Trinity College, Dublin, and Professor of the Oriental Lan 
 guages in that University. An Enquiry into the Origin 
 of the Constellations that compose the Zodiac, and the 
 Uses they were intended to promote, 1800, 8vo. 
 
 " As several authors have given an explanation of the signs of 
 the Zodiac, it was to be presumed that Dr. Barrett would attempt 
 to demolish their theories, before he advanced his own ; and ac 
 cordingly, his first pages contain an examination of the systems 
 of Macrobius, La Pluche, and La Nauze. In opposing these hy 
 potheses, Dr. B. is more happy than in establishing his own ; for, 
 though endowed with much learning, and qualified by much re 
 search, he has fallen into the wildest and most fanciful conjec 
 tures." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Essay on the Earlier Part of the Life of Swift, with seve 
 ral original pieces ascribed to him, 1808, 8vo. This work 
 is incorporated in Nichols's edit, of Swift. 
 
 "We see no ground for questioning any of his conclusions. 
 Those who are fond of similar investigations will be much enter 
 tained by his researches." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ex Codice. 
 
 Rescripto in Bibliotheca Collegii St. Trinitatis juxt.i, 
 Dublin, 1801, 4to. This is a fac-simile of a MS. of the 
 New Testament, the writing of which had been erased to 
 give place to another work. 
 
 "In the Prolegomena, he discusses, at considerable length and 
 much ability, the gospel genealogy of our Lord. . . . An elegant file- 
 simile of this work is given in Mr. Home's Introduction ; and an 
 excellent critique on it will be found in the third volume of the 
 old series of the Eclectic Review, pp. 193 and 586." See Ornit/s 
 Bibl. Bib., and the works referred to. 
 
 Barrett, Joseph. A Funeral Sermon, Lon., 1699. 
 
 Barrett, Joseph. Sermons, 1795, 1806-13. 
 
 Barrett, Richard A. F. A Synopsis of Criticisms 
 upon those Passages of the Old Testament in which Modern 
 Commentators have differed from the Authorized Version ; 
 together with an Explanation of Various Difficulties in tbe 
 Hebrew and English Texts, 2 vols., in 2 Pts. each, and vol. 
 iii., Pt. 1, large 8vo, Lon., 1847. Perhaps in no depart 
 ment of letters have there been more important additions 
 to the library than in that which treats of the history, pre 
 servation, integrity, and interpretation of the sacred text. 
 Among the new works on this subject, Mr. Barrett's is said 
 to deserve a high place : 
 
 " This laborious and learned work is indispensable to the Bi 
 student. The Hebrew, Greek, and English versions of donhtliu 
 ; passages are given in juxtaposition, and the different opinion 
 ' commentators are quoted at length." 
 
BAR 
 
 BAR 
 
 This portion of the work, all yet pub., (1853,) includes j 
 all the historical books, finishing at Esther. Darling's 
 Cyc. Bibl. 
 
 Barrett, Serenus. Sermons, <fcc., 1715-22-25. 
 
 Barrett, William, d. 1789, an eminent Surgeon at 
 Bristol, pub. in 1788 the History and Antiquities of the 
 city of Bristol, 1 vol., 4to. This work had been in pre 
 paration for twenty years. Park calls it 
 
 " A motley compound of real and supposititious history." 
 
 " The promiscuous mode of citing authors, we had almost said, 
 concealing authorities, is unworthy a correct or faithful writer. 
 
 "The book abounds with curious and authentic information; 
 and, in excuse for many of its inaccuracies, it may be necessary to 
 remind the reader that it is the first which has ever been pub 
 lished on that subject." Lon. Gent. Mag., lix. 533 : but see pages 
 921-924, same vol. 
 
 Mr. Barrett was the gentleman who urged Chatterton to 
 produce the poems which he declared he had transcribed 
 from the originals in Kowley's handwriting. Many of the 
 "original MSS." were in Mr. Barrett's possession. For an 
 interesting paper on Chatterton's forgeries, see Gent. Mag. 
 for 1789, p. 1081 ; and see the name in this volume. 
 
 Barrey, Lod. Ram Alley, or Merry Tricks; a 
 Comedy, Lon., 1612, 4to. See Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Barrie, Alex. A Collection of Prose and Verse, 
 Edin., 1781. 
 
 Barrifee, Wm., Lt. Col. Mars, his Trivmph, Lon., 
 1639, 4to. Militarie Discipline, Lon., 1639, 4to; 4th ed., 
 1643. 
 
 Barrington, Hon. Daines, 1727-1800, was the 
 fourth of five celebrated sons of an illustrious father, John, 
 Lord Viscount Barrington. He .studied for some time at 
 Oxford, which he quitted for the Temple, and was admitted 
 to the bar. He retired from the bench (being a judge in 
 Wales) in 1785, and devoted himself to the study of anti 
 quity, natural history, &c. The fruits of his researches 
 were given to the public in 1766, in his learned Observa 
 tions on the Statutes, 4to. This work has been frequently 
 reprinted, 1767, '69, '75. 5th edit. 1795. The later edi 
 tions contain new matter. 
 
 " Mr. Barrington, in his Observations, has contributed very 
 much to the elucidation of the more ancient laws of England, by 
 introducing historical illustrations of the times during which the 
 statutes were enacted. The volume abounds in curious, learned, 
 and valuable information." Marvin's Legal Bill. 
 
 " Like an active general in the service of the public, the author 
 storms the strongholds of chicane, wheresoever they present them 
 selves, and particularly fictions, \s ithout reserve." " 
 
 "Mr. Daines Barrington is more of the anti [uarian and histo 
 rian than of the philosopher or lawyer. He has selected from the 
 earliest volume of our statute-book a number of acts, upon which 
 he has given a commentary, curious rather in an antiquarian 
 point of view, than in its illustration of the changes introduced 
 into our legal polity. Many of the statutes commented upon af 
 ford an ample field for the display of much research into the man 
 ners and customs of the times. Others again throw much light 
 upon the historical events of the period. Upon some occasions 
 the author digresses considerably, but the matter thus introduced 
 is always curious and valuable." Retrospective Review, vol IK., p. 
 250 : read the whole of this long article. 
 
 In 1767 was pub. his Naturalist's Calendar; in 1773 his 
 edit, of the Saxon trans, of Orosius, ascribed to King Al 
 fred. In 1775 appeared his tracts on the Possibility of 
 reaching the North Pole. These tracts were designed to 
 promote a favourite project of Mr. Barrington's, which he 
 had the pleasure of seeing carried out in the voyage of 
 Captain Phipps, afterwards Lord Mulgrave. 
 _ '-It must be allowed that the learned author bestowed much 
 time and labour on this subject, and accumulated an amazing 
 quantity of written, traditionary, and conjectural evidence, in 
 proof of the possibility of circumnavigating the globe ; but when 
 his testimonies were examined, they proved rather ingenious than 
 satisfactory." Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 The edit, of 1818 contains some of Capt. Beaufoy's spe 
 culations on the same subject. These tracts are also con 
 tained in his Miscellanies on Various Subjects, [Natural 
 History, Ac.,] pub. 1781, 4to. Mr. Barrington contributed 
 several papers to the Archaeologia, 1770, '75, '77, and to 
 the Phil. Trans., 1767, '71, '73. 
 
 Barrington, George, superintendent of the convicts 
 at Paramatta. A Voyage to New South Wales, 1795. 
 Sequel, 1800. The History of New South Wales, 1803, 2 
 vols. This author was the well known, or, rather, widely 
 known, light-fingered gentleman to whom is ascribed the 
 witty couplet : 
 
 " True patriots we! For be it understood, 
 We left our country for our country's good." 
 
 On the voyage out Barrington gained the good-will of 
 the officers of the ship, by assisting so materially to quell 
 a conspiracy of the convicts, that he was considered the 
 preserver of the vessel and the lives of the honest men 
 on board. 
 
 " We distrusted the pretensions of the ostensible author [Voy 
 
 age to N. S. Wales,] being weir aware that there are methods of 
 picking pockets unknown, perhaps, to Mr. B., eminent as he has 
 been for skill in the profession. We had doubts whether some in 
 genious hand had not made free with Mr. B. himself; or. at least, 
 with a name of so much celebrity and promise. On perusing, how 
 ever, a few pages of the work, our suspicions abated ; and before 
 we arrived at its conclusion, not a doubt remained of its authen 
 ticity." ion. Monthly Review. 
 
 Barrington, John Shute, Lord Viscount of the 
 Kingdom of Ireland, 1678-1734, was the youngest son of 
 Benjamin Shute, of London. Francis Barrington, of the 
 ancient house of Barrington in Essex, who had married 
 his cousin-german, Elizabeth Shute, settled upon him his 
 estate in Essex, and, by act of parliament, Mr. Shute was 
 permitted to assume the name and arms of Barrington. 
 He was distinguished at an early age for his talent and 
 judgment. 
 
 " One Mr. Shute is named the secretary to Lord Wharton [Lord 
 Lieutenant of Ireland.] He is a young man, but reckoned the 
 shrewdest head in England. ... As to his principles, he is a mo 
 derate man, frequenting the church and meeting indifferently." 
 DEAN SWIFT. 
 
 In 1723 his lordship retired from political life, and de 
 voted himself to theological researches, for which he al 
 ways cherished a predilection. He married a daughter 
 of Sir William Daines, by whom he had six sons; the 
 five who lived to man's estate all became distinguished 
 characters. 1. William, Lord Barrington; 2. John, a 
 major-general in the army; 3. Daines, justice of Chester; 
 4. Samuel, an admiral; 5. Shute, Bishop of Durham. 
 Lord Barrington pub. a number of works, 1696-1733, the 
 principal of which is Miscellanea Sacra; or a New Me 
 thod of considering so much of the History of the Apostles 
 as is contained in Scripture ; in an Abstract of their His 
 tory, an Abstract of that Abstract, and four Critical Es 
 says, Lon., 1725, 2 vols. 8vo. A new edit., under the su 
 pervision of the author's son, the Bishop of Durham, in 3 
 vols., 1770, 8vo. The 1st edit, was pub. anonymously. 
 
 " This work contains some very valuable information on sub 
 jects not usually discussed. The first essay is on the teaching 
 and witness of the Spirit, and affords some ingenious illustrations 
 of the miraculous gifts of the primitive churches. The second is 
 on the distinction between Apostles, Elders, and Brethren, in 
 which the nature of the apostolic office is particularly examined. 
 The third is on the time when Paul and Barnabas became, and 
 were known to be, apostles ; in which he contends that Paul was 
 not constituted an apostle till his second visit to Jerusalem, men 
 tioned Acts xxii. 17-21. The last is on the Apostolical decree, 
 Acts xv. 23-30." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 The 2d edit, contains an Essay On the Several Dispen 
 sations of God to Mankind, in the order in which they lie 
 in the Bible ; or a Short System of the Religion of Nature 
 and Scripture, 1st edit., 1725. Both works will be found 
 in the Rev. G. Townsend's edit, of Viscount Barrington'e 
 works, Lon., 1828, 3 vols. 
 
 " Much valuable information may be derived from this work. 
 [An Essay, &c.]" Quarterly Review. 
 
 Dr. Benson acknowledges his obligation to the Miscel 
 lanea Sacra, in his history of the first planting of Chris 
 tianity, and in some other of his works. 
 
 " The merit of this work [Miscellanea Sacra] is generally ao- 
 knowledged." REV. T. H. HORNE. 
 
 " His theological works will always remain the fairest and most 
 durable monument of his literary reputation. Few writers in the 
 last century possessed higher qualifications for the attainment of 
 a profound and extensive knowledge of the Scriptures." REV. 
 GEO. TOWNSEND. 
 
 1 Barrington, Sir Jonah, 1767-1834, Judge of the 
 Court of Admiralty in Ireland. Personal Sketches of his 
 Own Time, Lon., 1830, 3 vols. 8vo. Historic Anecdotes 
 and Secret Memoirs relative to the Legislative Union 
 between Great Britain and Ireland, 5 parts, pub. 1809-15, 
 in 4to, at 21s. per part. Published complete in 2 vols. 
 imp. 4to, 1835, with 40 portraits, at 5 5*. 
 
 " This remarkable work was begun publishing in parts several 
 years ago, and excited a considerable sensation at the time. It 
 was announced to appear in ten parts, at one guinea each, and 
 several were speedily published. From some unexplained cause, 
 however, the progress of the work was suddenly suspended, and 
 reports were circulated of its having been officially suppressed on 
 account of the freedom of its language; which gave the published 
 parts a great marketable value, and they could not afterwards be 
 obtained at any price. It remained for that enterprising publisher, 
 Mr. Colburn, to rescue it from being lost to the public, which ha 
 did by purchasing the whole materials, after they had been sup 
 pressed for several years, from the family. The work is now com 
 pleted as originally intended by the author." 
 
 The Historic Memoirs have been issued in cheap form, 
 entitled The Rise and Pall of the Irish Nation. 
 
 Barrington, Hon. andRt.Rev.Shute,1734-1826, 
 successively Bishop of Llandaff, Salisbury, and Durham, 
 was the sixth son of the first Lord Barrington. (See ante.) 
 He was educated at Eton, and in 1752 became a gentle 
 man-commoner at Merton College, Oxford. His lordship 
 edited in 1770 an edit, of his learned father's Miscellanea 
 
 129 
 
BAR 
 
 Sacra, and pub. several sermons, charges, tracts, Ac., 1772- 
 1815. He also contributed many valuable notes to the 
 enlarged edition of Bowyer's Conjecture on the New Tes 
 tament, and prepared for the press the Political Life of 
 his brother William, second Viscount Barrington, which 
 work was edited by Sir Francis Bernard. 
 
 "His remarks on the Greek Testament inserted in Bunyan's 
 Critical Conjectures are characterised by sound judgment and great 
 caution. . . His tracts, sermons, and charges, are alike characterised 
 by sound judgment, clearness of expression, and fervent piety." 
 
 (Rev. Geo. Townsend : read this interesting memoir of a 
 true "man of God," prefixed to Mr. Townsend's edit, of 
 Viscount Barrington's Works, Lon., 1828, 3 vols.) 
 
 Barren, Arthur, and Alfred Austin. Reports of 
 Cases of controverted Elections, Lon., 1844; and Arnold, 
 T. J., ditto with other matter, Lon., 1845. 
 
 Barren, Wm., pub. several works, Edin. and Lon., 
 1770-1806. Essays on the Mechanical Principles of the 
 Plough, Edin., 1775, 8vo; Letters on Belles Lettres and 
 Logic, Lon., 1806, 8vo, 2 vols. 
 
 " A valuable work for the student." LOWJTDES. 
 
 Barrongh, Philip. Method of Physick, containing 
 the Causes, Signs, and Cures of Inward Diseases in Man's 
 Body, from Head to Foot, Lon., 1610, '17, '34, '39, 4to. 
 
 Barroughby, or Barrowby, W., M.D. Trans, of 
 the Medical Works of Astruc and others, Lon., 1737-38. 
 
 Barrow, Henry. The Pollution of University Learn 
 ing, Lon., 1642. 
 
 Barrow, Henry. See BARROWES. 
 
 Barrow, Humphrey. The Relief of the Poor, and 
 Advancement of Learning Proposed, Lon., 1656. 
 
 Barrow, Isaac, D.D., 1630-1677, an eminent mathe 
 matician and divine, was born in the city of London. His 
 father was linen-draper to Charles I., whom he followed 
 to Oxford. After the decapitation of his king, he (Tho 
 mas Barrow) attended Charles II. in his exile, and con 
 tinued with him till the Restoration. His brother, Isaac 
 Barrow, uncle to the subject of our memoir, was made 
 Bishop of the Isle of Man. The early youth of Isaac 
 Barrow was unpromising. At the Charter-House School 
 he was remarkable for an uncommonly belligerent dispo 
 sition, and dealt as hard blows to his schoolfellows as he 
 afterwards directed at the Supremacy of the Pope. His 
 father, wearied with the exercise of unavailing discipline, 
 intimated that the loss of the young warrior would not be 
 a heart-breaking affair, by expressing the opinion that if 
 it pleased Providence to remove any of his children, Isaac 
 could be the best spared from the group. Placed at school 
 at Felstead in Essex, Isaac suddenly assumed a new cha 
 racter; that of a diligent, persevering student. In 1643 
 he was admitted a pensioner of Peterhouse, Cambridge, 
 and two years later entered Trinity College. A Latin 
 oration displeasing some of the Fellows, Dr. Hill, the 
 master, replied to their complaints, " Barrow is a better 
 man than any of us." The writings of Lord Bacon, Des 
 Cartes, Galileo, and other profound philosophers, were 
 now his favourite study. In 1649 he commenced B.A. ; 
 in 1652 he proceeded M.A. ; and in the same year was 
 incorporated in the same degree at Oxford. 
 
 He thought at this time of becoming a physician, and 
 studied anatomy, botany, and chemistry. Shortly, how 
 ever, he resumed the study of divinity. In 1655 he started 
 on a continental tour. The vessel in which he was a pas 
 senger being attacked by an Algerine corsair, Barrow as 
 sumed carnal weapons, and fought manfully until the pirate 
 was driven off. As we have seen he had a strong natural 
 inclination for hostilities, perhaps he was not sorry for 
 this opportunity of once more taking up the cudgels in a 
 lawful combat. This voyage and combat Barrow has re 
 corded in a long poetical narrative in hexameter and pen 
 tameter verse. At Constantinople he read through the 
 works of Chrysostom ; this city having been the diocese 
 of the " golden-mouthed" bishop. It was reasonably ex 
 pected at the time of the Restoration that Barrow would 
 have received immediate preferment; but the profligate, 
 ungrateful monarch, when in the possession of wealth and 
 power, was too much sunk in sensuality and criminal in 
 dolence, to make any exertions for the benefit of those 
 who had aided him in the day of adversity. The Egyp 
 tian butler is the type of too many in this world, " yet did 
 he not remember Joseph, but forgat him." It was at this 
 time that Barrow wrote his celebrated epigram : 
 " Te magis optavit, rediturum, Carole, nemo, 
 
 Et nemo sensit, te redisse minus." 
 " Thy restoration, Royal Charles, I see, 
 By none more wished, by none less felt, than me." 
 
 In 1660 he was chosen professor of Greek at Cambridge. 
 In 1662 he received the appointment of Professor of Geo- 
 
 BAR 
 
 metry, in Gresham College. In 1669 he felt it his duty to 
 apply himself to his profession as a divine. " At his or 
 dination he had vowed to serve God in the gospel of his 
 Son, and he could not make a Bible out of Euclid, nor a 
 pulpit out of his mathematical chair. His only redress 
 was to quit them both." He therefore resigned his pro 
 fessorship at Gresham College to his friend, the afterwards 
 illustrious ISAAC NEWTON. In 1670 he was created doctor 
 of divinity, by royal mandate, and in Feb., 1672, he was 
 promoted to the Mastership of Trinity College, the king 
 observing that he had bestowed it upon " the best scholar 
 in England." In 1675 he was chosen vice-chancellor of 
 his university. The life of this great man was now draw 
 ing to a close. In April, 1677, he was attacked by a fever, 
 in London, which terminated fatally on the fourth of May 
 following. As a mathematician, Barrow undoubtedly oc 
 cupies a very high station, although there is a difference 
 of opinion as to the exact position which it is proper to 
 assign to him. Dr. Pemberton remarks, "He may be 
 esteemed as having shown a compass of invention equal, 
 if not superior, to any of the moderns, Sir Isaac Newton 
 only excepted." It must be remembered that it was at 
 the early age of thirty-two he was chosen professor of 
 geometry ; which he resigned seven years later. Had he 
 felt it consistent with his higher obligations, to continue 
 his mathematical researches, it is impossible to predict 
 the progress he might have made in science. 
 
 " On Geometry, as a platform, he paved the way, with his theory 
 of Infinitesimal, for the discovery of the Fluxional and Differ 
 ential Calculi, by Newton and Leibnitz. Barrow originated the 
 idea of what has been called the incremental triangle, and showed 
 the error of his predecessors, in affirming that a portion of a curve 
 maybe taken so small that it may, in calculation be considered as 
 a straight line. This notion, although one which the mind readily 
 admits, is utterly untrue, and contradictory to the first principles 
 of geometry. . . Barrow is the author of a work which, in the eyes 
 of sober-minded mathematicians, will always be as classically dear 
 as the aroi%tia of Euclid were to the school of Alexandria ; we 
 mean his Mathematics Lectiones, perfect models in the hands of 
 those who are attached to the reasoning of sound geometry." Hose's 
 Biog. Die. 
 
 His English Theological works collected, first appeared 
 in 3 vols., folio, in 1685, published under the superintcmd- 
 ance of Dr. Tillotson and Abraham Hall ; several edits., 
 last in 1741. The Opuscula were first published in 1687, 
 His mathematical works appeared: Euclidis Elemata, 
 Cantab., 1655; Euclidis Data, Cantab., 1675; Lectiones 
 Opticse, Lon., 1669; Lectiones Geometrica, Lon., 1670; 
 Archimedis Opera ; Apollonii Conicorum, Libri IV. ; Theo- 
 dosii Sphserica, Lon., 1675. The following were published 
 after his death : Lectio de Sphaera et Cylindro, Lon., 1678 ; 
 Lectiones Mathematics, 1783. 
 
 The English works were republished at the Clarendon 
 Press in 1818, 6 vols. 8vo ; again, Oxford, 8 vols. 8vo. Two 
 edits, have been pub. with the Opuscula (first printed in 
 1687) added. The one edited by the Rev. T. S. Hughes, in 7 
 vols. 8vo, omits the greater part of Barrow's learned quo 
 tations. The other, edited by the Rev. James Hamilton, 
 Edin., 1842, 3 vols. 8vo, "is complete and correctly 
 printed." Darling's Cyc. Bill. 
 
 Three years later (i. e. in 1845) an excellent edit, was 
 pub. by Mr. John C. Riker of New York, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 This contains all of the works of Barrow, save his mathe 
 matical compositions, which are of little use to the gene 
 ral reader. Biographical notices from Hill, Hamilton, Ac. 
 are prefixed, and copious indexes add greatly to the value 
 of this creditable edition. 
 
 Barrow was a man of great wit His description of 
 facetiousness has been quoted by Addison, and was consi 
 dered by Dr. Johnson the finest thing in the language. 
 We quote an instance of his ready wit : Meeting the Earl 
 of Rochester one day, the witty peer exclaimed, " Doctor, 
 I am yours to the shoe-tie ;" to which the clergyman re 
 plied, " My lord, I am yours to the ground." The peer 
 rejoined, " Doctor, I am yours to the centre." " My lord," 
 retorted the Doctor, " I am yours to the antipodes." Deter 
 mined not to be outdone, his lordship blasphemously added, 
 " Doctor, I am yours to the lowest pit of hell ;" on which 
 Barrow turned on his heel, and said, "And there, my lord, 
 I leave you." Here was true wit, and something much 
 better than wit ; a reproof to a scorn er. Of his humanity, 
 we have the following instance on record : 
 
 " Walking about the premises of a friend in the evening, he 
 was attacked by a fierce mastiff, which was left unchained at night, 
 and had not become acquainted with the doctor's person. 1 
 struggled with the dog, and threw him down ; but when on tb( 
 point of strangling him, he reflected that the animal was only 
 doing his duty in seizing a stranger; for which, therefore, he di< 
 not deserve to die. As he durst not loose his hold, lest the a< 
 should seize and tear him, he laid himself down on the animal, 
 and there remained till some one came to his assistance.' 
 
BAR 
 
 BAR 
 
 Of the Dr.'s extreme neglect of his personal appearance 
 and the consequences resulting therefrom, we have a ludi 
 crous story in the Biographia Britannica. He was noted 
 for the length of his sermons. His Spital Sermon, or the 
 Duty and Reward of Bounty to the Poor, " took up three 
 hours and a half in its delivery. When asked at its con 
 clusion, if he was not fatigued, he acknowledged that he 
 began to be weary of standing so long !" 
 
 " We were once going from Salisbury to London, he, Barrow. 
 in the coach with the Bishop, and I on horseback. As he was en 
 tering the coach, I perceived his pockets strutting out near half i 
 foot, and I said to him, ' What have you got in your pockets ? 
 He replied, ' Sermons' ' Sermons !' said I, ' give them to me ; my boy 
 shall carry them in his portmanteau, and ease you of that luggage. 
 'But,' said he, 'suppose your boy should be robbed?' 'That is 
 pleasant,' I said; ' do you think there are persons padding on the 
 road for sermons ?' ' Why, what have you?' said he. ' It may be 
 five or six guineas,' I answered. Barrow replied, ' I hold my ser 
 mons at a greater rate, for they cost me much pains and time." 
 ' Well then,' said I, ' if you will secure my five or six guineas 
 against lay-padders, I will secure your sermons against ecclesiasti 
 cal highwaymen? This was agreed. He emptied his pockets, anc 
 filled my portmanteau with his divinity; and we had the good 
 fortune to come safe to our journey's end, and bring both our trea 
 sures to London." Pope's Life of Ward, p. 143. 
 
 When Barrow presented himself with others for exami 
 nation, as a candidate for the ministry, he gave the follow 
 ing proof of his remarkable readiness. The old prelate 
 proceeded to satisfy himself in a summary way, of the 
 candidates' qualifications, " by addressing in turn to each 
 one, three test questions. Commencing with the first, he 
 asked 'Quid est fides?' to which each answered in turn. 
 Barrow stood last, and when the bishop addressed to him 
 the question, ' Quid est fides ?' he received the prompt 
 reply, ' Quod non vides.' The Bishop was a scholar, 
 although age had somewhat benumbed his energy. On 
 receiving this answer, he raised himself in his chair, and 
 looking from whence the answer proceeded, gave vent to his 
 satisfaction in the exclamation ( Excellente !' He then 
 commenced his second round, interrogating each in turn, 
 as before 'Quid eat spes?' to which Barrow promptly 
 replied, 'Non dum res !' ' Bene, Bene, excellentius !' re 
 joined the gratified Bishop, and proceeded to his last ques 
 tion, ' Quid est caritas ?' From the others he received 
 various replies, but when Barrow was addressed, he an 
 swered, 'Ah, magister, id est paueitas.' ' Excellentis- 
 sime !' shouted the good old man, unable to suppress his 
 delight, 'aut Erasmus est aut diabolus !'" 
 
 At the time of his appointment to the Mastership of 
 Trinity College, influence the most powerful was ready to 
 further his claims, if necessary. 
 
 " lie was then the King's chaplain in ordinary, and much in 
 favour with the Duke of Buckingham, then Chancellor of the 
 University of Cambridge; as also of Gilbert, Lord Archbishop of 
 Canterbury ; both of whom were ready, if there had been any need. 
 to have given him their assistance to obtain this place." DR. POPE. 
 " He was in person of the lesser size, and lean ; of extraordinary 
 strength, of a lair and calm complexion, a thin skin, very sensible 
 of the cold ; his eyes grey, clear, and somewhat short-sighted ; 
 his hair of a light auburn, very fine and curling." 
 
 See his friend Abraham Hill's letter to Dr. Tillotson, 
 dated April 10, 1683. Hill gives Barrow the most exem 
 plary character, concluding with, 
 
 " All I have said, or can say, is far short of the idea which Dr. 
 Barrow's friends have formed of him, and that character which he 
 ought to appear to them who knew him not. Besides all the de- 
 Ms on my part, he had in himself this disadvantage, of wanting 
 toils to augment his lustre, and low places to give eminence to his 
 heights ; such virtues as his, contentment in all conditions, candour 
 m doubtful cases, moderation among differing parties, knowledge 
 without ostentation, are subjects fitter for praise than narrative." 
 Another intimate friend, Dr. Pope, tells us, 
 "He was of a healthy constitution, used no exercise or physic, 
 besides smoking tobacco, in which he was not sparing, saying it 
 was an instar omnium, or panpharmacvn. He was unmercifully 
 cruel to a lean carcass, not allowing it sufficient meat or sleep 
 During the winter months, and some part of the rest, he rose 
 always before it was light, never being without a tinder-box and 
 other proper utensils for that purpose. I have frequently known 
 him, after his first sleep, rise, light, and after burning out his can 
 dle, return to bed before day." 
 
 His distinguished friend, Archbishop Tillotson, is not a 
 whit behind Abraham Hill in his commendation of our 
 divine : 
 
 "Of all the men I ever had the happiness to know, he was the 
 
 freest from offending in word, coming as near as is possible for hu 
 
 man frailty to do, to the perfect idea of St. James, his perfect man " 
 
 The names of the two friends are thus beautifully united 
 
 V>y Thomson : 
 
 " And for the strength and elegance of Truth, 
 
 A Barrow and a Tillotson are thine!" Apos. to Brit. 
 "It is one of the regrets of his executor, Hill, that he could 
 hear of no enemy and calumny from which to vindicate him. . 
 
 * matter where be dw el^-for if he had not friends 
 
 Having thus largely considered the character of this ex 
 cellent man, it is proper that we should speak more parti 
 cularly than we have yet done of those great works of his 
 which have ever been ranked among the most remarkable 
 productions of the human mind. 
 
 Montucla, in his Histoire des Mathematiques, An. VII., 
 torn. II., p. 88, is full of "admiration" and "enchantment" 
 when he speaks of the fertility of ideas and the multitude 
 of new and curious theorems "de ce savant geometre." 
 The Treatise on the Pope's Supremacy would of itself have 
 placed Barrow in the first class of scholars and controver 
 sialists. This he did not live to publish. 
 
 " The state of his manuscript, preserved in Trinity College Li 
 brary, indicates the prodigious pains which he had bestowed upon 
 it, chiefly in the compilation of authorities. As it is, no one can 
 open it at any page without being struck by its amazing research. 
 Yet Barrow was not satisfied with what he had already quoted. 
 Many confirmatory passages were still in his mind, for the inser 
 tion of which he had left blank spaces at the time. When on his 
 death-bed, he placed the whole in the hands of Dr. Tillotson, say 
 ing, ' I hope it is indifferent perfect, though not altogether as I in 
 tended it, if God had granted me longer life.' Had he himself not 
 indicated those omissions, no one could have detected them." 
 HAMILTON. 
 
 Archbishop Tillotson observes : 
 
 " No argument of moment, nay hardly any consideration pro 
 perly belonging to it, hath escaped his large and comprehensive 
 mind. He hath said enough to silence the controversy forever, 
 and to deter all wise men, of both sides, from meddling any fur 
 ther with it." 
 
 Hamilton remarks : " What the Archbishop has said 
 about its arguments is equally true of its testimonies." 
 
 " We can imagine nothing whereunto to liken the glorious work 
 of Barrow, but the mighty telescope of Herschel an instrument 
 which brings up, from the abyss of space, a countless multitude 
 of luminaries, which hid themselves from the search of unassisted 
 vision. Even so does the gigantic labour of Barrow call up from the 
 depths of antiquity a galaxy of witnesses, who pass over our field 
 of view in perfect order and distinctness, and shed a broad and 
 steady illumination over the path of the inquirer." British Critic. 
 " Barrow, not so extensively learned as Taylor, who had read 
 rather too much, but inferior, perhaps, even in that respect to 
 hardly any one else, and above him in closeness and strength of 
 reasoning, combated against Rome in many of his sermons, and 
 especially in a long treatise on papal supremacy. . . . The sermons 
 of Barrow display a strength of mind, a comprehensiveness and 
 fertility, which have rarely been equalled. No better proof can be 
 given than his eight sermons on the government of the tongue ; 
 copious and exhaustive, without tautology or superfluous decla 
 mation, they are in moral preaching what the best parts of Aris 
 totle are in ethical philosophy, with more of development and 
 more extensive observation. . . . His quotations from ancient phi 
 losophers, though not so numerous as in Taylor, are equally un 
 congenial to our ears. In his style, notwithstanding its richness 
 and occasional vivacity, we may censure a redundancy and excess 
 of apposition : his language is more antiquated and formal than 
 that of his age ; and he abounds too much in uncommon words of 
 Latin derivation, frequently such as appear to have no authority 
 but his own. His Latin verse is forcible and full of mind, but not 
 sufficiently redolent of antiquity." HALLAH. 
 Chas. II. used to call Barrow an 
 
 " Unfair preacher, because he exhausted every topic, and left no 
 room for any thing new to be said by any one who came after him." 
 Similar to this is the criticism of Le Clerc : 
 " Les sermons de cet Auteur sont plutSt des Traite's, ou les Dis- 
 sertationes exactes, que de simples Harangues pour plaire a la 
 multitude." Sib. Uhiverselle, tome iii. p. 325. 
 
 Dr. Pope, his intimate friend, had anticipated this cri 
 tique. 
 
 " He thought he had not said enough, if he omitted any thing 
 thai belonged to the subject of his discourse ; so that his sermons 
 seemed rather complete treatises, than orations designed to be 
 spoke in an hour." 
 
 Coleridge complains that 
 
 " Barrow often debased his language merely to evidence his loy 
 alty. It was, indeed, no easy task for a man of so much genius 
 and such a precise mathematical mode of thinking, to adopt, even 
 for a moment, the slang of L'Estrange and Tom Brown ; but he 
 succeeded in doing so sometimes. With the exception of such arts, 
 Barrow must be considered as closing the first great period of the 
 English language. Dryden began the second." 
 
 We must not forget the commendation of the Lectiones 
 Opticse, conveyed in a letter of James Gregory, the Scot 
 tish Mathematician, to John Collins. Several years after 
 publication, Barrow had heard of only two men who had 
 given them a careful perusal, Slusius of Liege, and James 
 Gregory ; the latter thus writes : 
 
 "Mr. Barrow in his opticks sheweth himself a most subtile ?e- 
 ometer, so that I think him superior to any that ever I looked 
 upon. I long exceedingly to see his Geometrical Lectures, espe 
 cially because I have some notions upon that subject by mee. I 
 entreat you to send them to mee presently, as they come from the 
 presse, for I esteem the author more than yee can imagine." 
 
 The author informs us that the publication of these Lec 
 tures was urged by his pupil, the afterwards illustrious 
 Isaac Newton. " D. ISAACUS NEWTON, COLLEGA NOSTER, 
 
 PEREGREGI^E VIR INDOLIS AC INSIGNIS PERITLE," had re- 
 
 rised the text, and not only suggested some corrections, 
 but supplied some important additions from his own store. 
 
BAR 
 
 BAR 
 
 His executor gives us an instance of the ardour with which 
 he prosecuted a study once begun ; he found written at the 
 end of his copy of Apollonius "April 14-Mai 16, Intra 
 hcec temporis intervalla peractum hoc opus." 
 
 " The school of Hooker, Chillingworth, Mede, and Barrow, is 
 the school of acute perception and close reasoning. Yet Barrow 
 was perhaps the most able of the four writers just named; not 
 only in the systematic division, and masterly elucidation of the 
 various subjects of which he treats, but in the copiousness of his 
 ideas and of his language. There is a power and prodigality of 
 expression in many of Barrow's discourses, as if the writer were 
 conscious of the inefficiency of his vernacular tongue to convey 
 precisely the views and bearings of his thesis. His sermon on the 
 Atonement is one of the most astonishing instances, which present 
 themselves to my memory, of an eloquence as powerful and per 
 suasive as the ideas are original and sublime." DR. DIBDIN. 
 
 Bishop Heber, speaking of Taylor, Hooker, and Barrow, 
 thus distinguishes them : 
 
 " Of such a triumvirate, who shall settle the pre-eminence ? The 
 first av~es most, the second convinces most, the third delights and 
 persuades most. . . . To Barrow, the praise must be assigned of 
 the closest and clearest views, and of a taste the most controlled 
 and chastened." 
 
 The Rev. E. Bickersteth adds, 
 
 "Hooker was more correct in doctrine, Barrow most full in 
 practical instruction, and Taylor most rich in devotional composi 
 tion. . . . The powers of Barrow's mind were of the highest order; 
 and in his sermons on the passion of Christ, and 011 his incarna 
 tion, we have very able statements of the fundamental truths of 
 the gospel; and his treatise on the Pope's Supremacy has been 
 said to be the most valuable on that topic in the English language. 
 In his sermons on Faith there are some magnificent passages ; but 
 there are others in which we cannot concur, though he distinctly 
 acknowledges it to be a fruit of the Spirit. . . . His Sermons on 
 Industry are admirable as comprehending a very valuable mass 
 of weighty and important motives for industry in general, and in 
 our callings as Christians, scholars, and gentlemen. It is a book 
 which may be read through more than once with much advantage ; 
 almost every topic relating to the subject seems discussed, and al 
 most every text quoted, but we see not evangelical motives fully 
 developed. ... In such a sermon as his on the Passion, we are 
 glad to sit at his feet and learn the very best lessons." 
 
 Robt Hall, in his Review of Gisborne's Sermons, refers 
 to the 
 
 " Extraordinary merits of Barrow, who has cultivated Christian 
 morals with so universal an applause of the English public. We 
 admire, as much as it is possible for our readers to admire, the rich 
 invention, the masculine sense, the exuberantly copious, yet pre 
 cise and energetic diction, which distinguish Barrow, who, by a rare 
 felicity of genius, united in himself the most distinguishing quali 
 ties of the mathematician and the orator. We are astonished at 
 perceiving in the same person, and in the same composition, the 
 close logic of Aristotle, combined with the amplifying powers of 
 Plato." 
 
 We find an admirable notice of Barrow in Dugald Stew 
 art's Prelim. Diss. to the Encycl. Britannica : 
 
 " Among the divines who appeared at this era, it is impossible to 
 pass over in silence the name of Barrow, whose theological works, 
 (adorned throughout by classical erudition, and by a vigorous, 
 though unpolished, eloquence,) exhibit, in every page, marks of the 
 same inventive genius which in mathematics has secured to him 
 a rank second alone to that of Newton. As a writer, he is equally 
 distinguished by the redundancy of his matter, and by the pregnant 
 brevity of his expression; but what more peculiarly characterizes 
 his manner, is a certain air of powerful and of conscious facility 
 in the execution of whatever he undertakes. Whether the subject 
 be mathematical, metaphysical, or theological, he always seems to 
 bring to it a mind which feels itself superior to the occasion ; and 
 which in contending with the greatest difficulties, ' puts forth but 
 half its strength.'" 
 
 Professor Playfair lauds our author's 
 
 "Lectures on Optics, delivered at Cambridge in 1668, which 
 treated of all the more difficult questions which had occurred in 
 that state of the science, with the acuteness and depth which are 
 found in all the writings of that geometer." 
 
 " No man that reads Dr. Barrow on any subject which he has 
 handled, need rack his invention for topics upon which to speak, 
 or for arguments to make these topics good." DR. WOTTON. 
 
 " He pushes his inquiries to the very verge or confines of which 
 they are capable of being pushed ; and his works afford a sort of 
 logical Encyclopedia. He had the clearest head with which ma 
 thematics ever endowed an individual, and one of the purest and 
 most unsophisticated hearts that ever beat." 
 
 " Barrow's Sermons are too well known to require description. 
 For profundity of thought and fertility of invention, for bold and 
 majestic language, for peculiar beauty and propriety of description, 
 for great strength of argument, and ingenious and sprightly ex 
 pression, they are perhaps unrivalled in the English language, or 
 in any other." 
 
 "Dr. Barrow's Sermons are master-pieces of the kind." LOCKE. 
 
 Bishop Warburton remarked that " in reading Bacrow, 
 he was obliged to think." The great Earl of Chatham, 
 when in early life qualifying himself for public speaking, 
 read Barrow's Sermons again and again, till he could recite 
 many of them memoriter. He recommended his son, the 
 younger Pitt, to study them frequently and deeply. It 
 was probably the example of these great men which caused 
 the late Daniel Webster, one of the most prominent of 
 American statesmen, to be so frequent a reader of these 
 extraordinary specimens of reasoning, eloquence, profun 
 dity, and perspicuity; combining the keenness of the 
 132 
 
 Damascus blade with the weight of the Highland clav 
 more. 
 
 We do not wonder that infidelity was put to rout, and 
 the enemy abashed by the public exposure of the worthless- 
 ness of the armour wherein he trusted. 
 
 " In Barrow we shall remark the deliberate species of eloquence 
 existing in the highest force. ... If we look for a manly and fer 
 vid eloquence, for a mighty and sustained power, kept under con 
 trol by the severest logic, for a peculiar quality of mastery and 
 vigour to which all tasks appear equally easy, we may point with 
 pride to the writings of Barrow. He is an admirable specimen of 
 a class of men who fortunately for the political, the literary, and 
 the theological glory of England, have adorned her two great seats 
 of learning, Oxford and Cambridge, at almost every period of her 
 history. Possessed of vast, solid, and diversified learning, with 
 practice and experience in the affairs of real life corrected and ren 
 dered philosophical by retirement and meditation, with the intense 
 and concentrated industry of the monk, guided by the sense of 
 utility of the man of the world, these vigorous scholars seem pe 
 culiarly adapted by Providence to become firm and majestic pillars 
 of such an ecclesiastical establishment as the Church of England. 
 ' Blessed is she' we may venture to apply the words of Scripture 
 ' for she has her quiver full of them.' "-Prof. Shaw's Outlines of 
 English Literature. 
 
 " He once uttered a most memorable observation, which charac 
 terizes both the intellectual and moral constitution of his mind- 
 would that it could be engraven on the mind of every youth, as 
 his guide through life ' A STRAIGHT LINE is THE SHORTEST IN MORALS 
 AS WELL AS IN GEOMETRY.' " Cleveland's Comp. of Eng. Lit. 
 
 In an article in the Quarterly Review, vol. xxix., on 
 Pulpit Eloquence, we have a very satisfactory explanation 
 of the exhaustive character of Barrow's Sermons, which 
 was referred to by Chas. II. when he called him an " unfair 
 preacher." 
 
 "At the Restoration, men's minds were weary of religious, as 
 well as civil, turbulence; the country had been so long distracted 
 by the multiplicity of sects, all equally fierce and intolerant, that 
 repose was the prevailing wish of almost all parties. There was 
 wanted, therefore, a writer, who, as it were, once for all, should search 
 every question to the bottom with laborious impartiality ; who 
 should lay it in all its possible bearings before the understanding; 
 who should not merely confute every error, but trace it to its ori 
 gin, and detect its secret operation on the mind; who should, in 
 short, exhaust as it were, theology. Such a preacher was Barrow. 
 Endowed with an acuteness which could penetrate every subject, 
 with a nicety and precision of definition more nearly approaching 
 than any other modern, except perhaps Bacon, to Aristotle; with 
 a copiousness and variety of language, which enabled him to con 
 vey to the mind with the utmost perspicuity the most minute dif 
 ferences ; Barrow added to all this some of the yet unextinguished 
 warmth which had animated his predecessors, and is occasionally 
 glowing, vehement, impassioned." 
 
 The following eloquent eulogium on our author is from 
 the same able periodical : 
 
 " Never may the English student of theology be weary of the 
 study of Barrow ! The greatest man of our church the express 
 image of her doctrines and spirit the model, (we do not hesitaiv 
 to say it,) without a fault a perfect master of the art of reasoning, 
 yet aware of the limits to which reason should be confined, now 
 wielding it with the authority of an angel, and now again stooping 
 it before the deep things of God with the humility of a child- 
 alike removed from the Puritan of his own generation, and the 
 Rationalist of the generation which succeeded him no precisian, 
 no latitudinarian: full of faith, yet free from superstition, a stead 
 fast believer in a particular Providence, in the efficacy of human 
 prayers, in the active influence of God's Spirit, but without one 
 touch of the visionary: Conscious of the deep corruption of our 
 nature, though still thinking he could discover in it some traces 
 of God's image in ruins, and under a lively sense of the cons,*- 
 quences of this corruption, casting himself altogether upon God's 
 mercy through the sufferings of a Saviour for the consummation 
 of < that day which he desired with a strong desire to attain unto, 
 when, his mind purged, and his eye clear, he should be permitted 
 to behold and understand without the labour and intervention of 
 slow and successive thought, not this our system alone, but more 
 and more excellent things than this.' " 
 
 We have devoted more space than we intended to the 
 works of this great man. But which of our readers will 
 blame us ? Exalted as is our theme, it stands not upon its 
 own merits alone. Great as is the name of Barrow, it is 
 as but one of the lesser genii who announces the corning 
 of one far mightier, before whom all subordinate powers 
 bow in lowly reverence. Barrow was the most conspicuous 
 star that had arisen in that twilight dawning which pre 
 ceded the full burst of a new day of scientific truth ; but 
 as the brightest star must pale before the glory of the sun 
 when he "goeth forth in his strength," so must the fame 
 of Barrow give place to the mighty name of NEWTON. 
 
 In imagination we are carried some two centuries back, 
 and in the classical halls of Trinity College we behold, in 
 studious converse, a tutor who softens the austerity of in 
 struction with the benignity of parental interest, and a 
 pale-faced youth, whose ductile mind gladly receives those 
 seeds of knowledge, which, by the richness of its soil, it shall 
 shortly reproduce, augmented a hundred fold. Yes ! here is 
 the " Isaac Newton of our college," as Barrow affectionately 
 styles him; "peregregise vir indolis ac insignis peritiae.' 
 Thou hast read him well, philosopher! Thy master is 
 
BAR 
 
 before thee in that modest tyro, who now drinks in every 
 accent of thy words of wisdom. Thy place shall be given 
 to one greater than thou ; yet shalt thou be highly exalted 
 in the noble office of making known to a perishing world 
 the glad tidings of eternal life, through the proclamation 
 of the everlasting gospel. The scholar assumed the ma 
 thematical chair, when his master, who had resigned it in 
 his favour, ascended the pulpit. Between such men, the 
 idea of rivalry is out of place. They laboured for one 
 end, they advanced the same cause, though in different 
 departments of the Master's vineyard. 
 
 The distinguished tutor and his illustrious pupil, ISAAC 
 NEWTON and ISAAC BARROW, the philosopher-divine and 
 the divine-philosopher, the one from the scientific chair, 
 and the other from the sacred desk, served their genera 
 tion as chosen expositors of the ways of Providence and 
 the revelation of His word ; and their recorded teachings 
 shall, to remotest times and as yet unpeopled regions, de 
 clare the " wonderful works of God !" 
 
 Barrow, James. A Poem on the Peace between 
 Great Britain and France, Lon., 1802, 4to. 
 Barrow, John. Visitation Sermon, 1683, 4to. 
 Barrow, John. New Medicinal Dictionary, con 
 taining an Explanation of all the Terms used in Physic, 
 Ac., Lon., 1749, 8vo. New Essay of the Practice of Phy 
 sic, Lon., 1767. 
 
 Barrow, John. Navigatio Britannica, or a complete 
 System of Navigation in all its Branches, Lon., 1750, 4to. 
 " In this performance, the author, from a few self-evident prin 
 ciples, and in a methodical and perspicuous manner, leads the 
 learner, as it were, by the hand, thro' a gradual ascent, till he be 
 comes a complete master both of the theory and practice of the 
 whole art." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 A New and Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, 
 Lon., 1753, folio. A Supplement, 1755, fol. A Collection 
 of Authentic, Useful, and Entertaining Voyages and 
 Discoveries, digested in a Chronological Series, 1675, 3 
 vols. 12mo. ; the first edit, of this was pub. anonymously 
 in 1756, and was entitled A Chronological Abridgement, 
 or History of Discoveries made by Europeans in different 
 parts of the World. The 2d edit, was much enlarged, 
 and succeeded so well that Targe pub. a translation in 
 French, in the next year, at Paris, in 12 vols. 
 
 Barrow, Sir John, 1764-1848, distinguished him 
 self by his scientific acquirements and his valuable 
 accounts of Travels and Voyages. As private secretary 
 to Sir George Staunton, who accompanied the Earl of 
 Macartney in his expedition to China, and as under 
 secretary to the Admiralty, he enjoyed peculiar advantages 
 for personal observation and access to the recorded expe 
 rience of others. Parry and Franklin have been much 
 indebted to the suggestions of Sir John Barrow, and most 
 of the scientific expeditions that have been undertaken by 
 England for the last twenty years have been referred to 
 Sir John for approval. His work on Cochin China has 
 been translated (!) into French by Malte Brun. De 
 Guignes wrote a treatise on one of his works, entitled Ob 
 servations sur les voyages de Barrow a la Chine. See 
 Georgian Era. A work on Mathematical Drawing Instru 
 ments, Lon., 1790. Account of Travels into the Interior 
 of Southern Africa in the years 1797 and 1798, Lon., 4to, 
 2 vols., 1801-04; 2d ed., 1806. 
 
 " Very few writers of travels have possessed such a variety and 
 extent of information, both political and scientific, as Mr. Barrow ; 
 hence these volumes are acceptable and instructive to all classes 
 of readers, and have attained a celebrity not greater than they de 
 serve." STEVENSON. 
 
 Travels in China, 4to, Lon. 1804; 2d edit,, 1806. 
 "The most valuable and interesting account of the Chinese na 
 tion that has been yet laid before the public." Edinburgh Review 
 A Voyage to Cochin China in the years 1792 and 1793 
 to which is annexed an Account of a Journey made in 
 the years 1801 and 1802 to the residence of the Chief of 
 the Booshuana Nation, 4to, Lon., 1806. 
 
 " Perhaps the most valuable of all Mr. Barrow's travels, as i 
 relates to a country not previously known, except by the accoun 
 of the missionaries. ... In 1809, a pretended French translation 
 by Malte Brun appeared, in which the text of Barrow was com 
 pletely perverted and corrupted." LOWNDES. 
 
 Some Account of the Public Life, and a Selection from 
 the unpublished Writings, of the Earl of Macartney, Ac. 
 2 vols. 4to, Lon, 1807. This work should accompany 
 Sir George Staunton's account of his Lordship's embass 1 
 to China. 
 
 " The short sketch relating to Russia contains more information 
 than is to be met with in many 4to volumes." Quarterly Review 
 Chronological History of Voyages into the Polar Re 
 gions, Ac., 8vo, Lon., 1818. 
 
 " His most elaborate work is An Historical Account of Voyage 
 Into the Arctic Regions, for which his situation as under-secretary 
 
 BAR 
 
 o the Admiralty and his own extensive geographical information 
 rell fitted him." Georgian Era. 
 
 Life of Lord Howe, Admiral of the British Fleet, 
 hiefly compiled from Original and unpublished Docu 
 ments, 8vo, 1838. 
 
 " An admirable piece of biography, which should be perused by 
 ^/very Englishman glowing with the love of his country, and be 
 >laced in the hands of every youth destined for the naval profes- 
 iion. There had previously been no even tolerable life of this 
 great hero of the glorious first of June. The new materials at 
 the disposal of Sir John Barrow, consisted of Earl Howe's journal, 
 during all the time his flag was up upwards of four hundred let 
 ters in his own hand-writing, and many addressed to him by royal 
 and official persons, as well as by his private friends ; and, as may 
 be supposed, the author's station and long experience as Secretary 
 of the Admiralty have opened for him all our Government depo 
 sitories and qualified him to make an excellent use of whatever 
 these or other sources afforded him." Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 "We conceive that this work is calculated, in many respects, to 
 do more good as a manual in the hands of our rising young offi 
 cers, than even Southey's Life of Nelson." Edinburgh Review. 
 
 Life of Lord Anson, Admiral of the British Fleet, in 
 cluding an Outline, of his Voyage Round the World, com 
 piled from Official Documents and the Family Papers, 
 8vo, Lon., 1839. 
 
 " That Anson's Life and memorable Voyages should be illus 
 trated by one who has superintended the equipment and progress 
 of so many similar undertakings, is every way fitting; and we 
 therefore congratulate the public on this acceptable publication. 
 We have often looked anxiously for a life of Anson; particularly 
 as we know that amongst officers of the navy, this blank in their 
 professional literature was much lamented. It is a piece of good 
 fortune both to the service and the country, that the task has 
 fallen into the hands of one so pre-eminently competent as well 
 by his position as by his scientific knowledge and literary talents." 
 Edinburgh Review. 
 
 Dibdin in the Library Companion remarks, referring to 
 Anson, "considering what he saw, and what he accom 
 plished, it is to be regretted that we are not in possession 
 of a more perfect record of his achievements." 
 
 This work is exactly what was required. 
 
 Great Britain, France, Russia, America, &c., and on the manning 
 and health of the navy, is a very important document, and will be 
 read with immediate and infinite interest." Literary Gazette. 
 
 The Life, Voyages, and Exploits of Admiral Sir Francis 
 Drake, Knt., p. 400 ; 2d edit, abridged, p. 200. Reprinted 
 in Murray's Colonial Library. Autobiographical Memoir. 
 Memoirs of Naval Worthies. Mutiny of the Bounty. 
 Sketches of the Royal Society and its Club. 
 
 Autobiography of Sir John Barrow, Bart., late of the 
 Admiralty, 8vo, 1847. 
 
 " Sir John Barrow undertakes his task in a manner which must 
 set every reader at ease. Possessing not idly boasting a mens 
 sana in corpore sann bearing testimony, throughout his narra 
 tive, to the honourable and healthy influences of work, and to the 
 certainty with which energy and self-improvement will advance 
 the fortunes of one lowly born we have rarely looked into a re 
 cord of eighty years which chronicles so much of prosperity and 
 happiness. Nor can we forget that Sir John Barrow's public career 
 lay in the most interesting and varied hemisphere of the official 
 world. In short, here is another pleasant English book to be 
 added to the Englishman's library." Athenaeum. 
 
 Barrow, John, Jr., son of the preceding. Excur 
 sions in the North of Europe, Ac., 8vo, Lon., 1835. 
 
 " If the work were less meritorious than it is, we should still 
 have applauded the spirit of the undertaking; but, in fact, thu 
 execution is fully equal to the purpose, and we have seldom read 
 a more amusing narrative. Nothing is barren to this inquisitive 
 ,and candid traveller." Quarterly Review. 
 
 Visit to Iceland, by way of Tronyem, in the summer of 
 1834, Lon., 8vo, 1835. 
 
 " We found Mr. Barrow's former journal (Excursion to the North 
 of Europe) so pleasant, and, compared with the writings of travel 
 lers on the beaten hizh road of the Continent, so fresh, that we 
 were glad to receive his Visit to Iceland, and think it quite as 
 interesting, and fully as unaffected in style as its predecessor. 
 The book is. on the whole, a manly and pleasant one, and we hope 
 Mr. Barrow will not give up his summer rambles." Lnn.Athenceum.. 
 Tour round Ireland in the Autumn of 1835, Lon., 8vo, 
 1836. Tour in Austrian Lombardy, Bavaria, Ac., p. 8vo, 
 1840. Memoir of his Father, Sir John Barrow. 
 
 " Mr. Barrow's volume is shrewd and lively : his eyes are sharp, 
 and what he sees he never fails to place in a clear and entertain 
 ing manner before us." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 Barrow, John H., d. 1858. 1. Mirror of Parlia 
 ment. 2. Emir Maleck, and other works. For many 
 years connected with the London press. 
 
 Barrow, S. Religious School-Books, Lon., 1812, '13. 
 Barrow, William, b. about 1754, d. 1836, studied at 
 Queen's College, Oxford. He delivered the Bampton Lec 
 tures for 1799 ; when published in a volume, they met with 
 a rapid sale. An Essay on Education, 12mo, Lon., 1802. 
 Two large editions were sold in a few years. Sermons 
 pub. at various dates. After retiring from the duties of a 
 school, of which he had charge for 17 years, 
 " He divided his time between his books, to which he always re- 
 
 133 
 
BAR 
 
 BAR 
 
 tained a strong attachment, and the conversation and society of 
 his friends, to whom his visits were always acceptable ; not declin 
 ing, however, to give gratuitous assistance to his clerical friends in 
 the duties of his profession, or to preach occasional sermons, of 
 which many were published at the request of the audiences to 
 which they were respectively addressed." Lon. Gent. Mag. 
 
 The Familiar Sermons on several of the Doctrines and 
 Duties of the Christian Religion, (Lon., 1818,) were pub. 
 with the avowed design of presenting the junior clergy 
 with models of pulpit composition. 
 
 Barrowes, or Barrowe, Henry, a Brownist, was 
 executed at Tyburn with John Greenwood, April 6, 1592, 
 being found guilty under an indictment (statute 23 Eliz.) 
 " for writing and publishing sundry seditious books and 
 pamphlets tending to the slander of the queen and govern 
 ment." See Brook's Lives of the Puritans. He wrote 
 
 I. A Brief Discoverie of the False Church ; as is the Mother 
 such the Daughter is, Lon., 1590, 4to ; containing 263 pages. 
 Reprinted in 1707. 2. Platform, which may serve as a Pre 
 parative to drive away Prelatism, 1593, 8vo. A copy of 
 this rare work is in the British Museum. 
 
 Barrs, George. Sketch rel. to Church of Rowley 
 Regis, 1813. 
 
 Barry, Lord Yelverton. Speech in House of Lords 
 on Union between Gr. Britain and Ireland, 1800. 
 
 Barry, Earl Farnham. Exam, of a Speech by 
 Lord Minto, &c v 1800. 
 
 Barry, Sir David, M.D., 1780-1835. Researches on 
 the Influence exercised by Atmospheric Pressure upon the 
 Progression of the Blood in the Veins, upon the function 
 called Absorption, and upon the Prevention and Cure of 
 the symptoms caused by the Bites of Rabid or Venomous 
 Animals, Lon., 1826. 
 
 " Without admitting all the inferences drawn by Dr. Barry upon 
 this subject, the work must be allowed to be very important, and 
 to display great ability on the part of the author. It excited con 
 siderable interest both at home and abroad." 
 
 Barry, Edward, M.D., D.D., b. about 1759, d. 1822, 
 studied at the University of St. Andrews. He pub. a num 
 ber of works on medicine, law, divinity, and politics, Lon., 
 1783-1809. 
 
 Barry, Sir Edward, M.D., d. 1776, studied at Ley- 
 den, under Boerhaave. Treatise on Consumption of the 
 Lungs, Dub., 1726; Lon., 1727, 8vo. On Digestions, Dis 
 charges, <fcc., Lon., 1759. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1732-44. 
 On the Wines of the Ancients, Ac., Lon., 1775. 
 
 " The substance of this work will be found in Dr. Alex. Hender 
 son's History of Wines." LOWNDES. 
 
 But Mr. Lowndes should have stated that Dr. Barry's 
 was a prior publication. Henderson's History was pub. 
 in 1824. 
 
 Barry, Garret. Discourse of Military Discipline de- 
 vided into three Boockes, Bruxelles, 1634, sm. fol. 
 
 " This singular and extremely curious work is not noticed by 
 Grose in his history of the English Army." LOWNDES. 
 
 Barry* George, 1747-1804, was minister of the parish 
 of Shapinshay. He was a contributor to Sir John Sin 
 clair's Statistical Account of Scotland, Edin., 1792-99, 8vo. 
 He devoted several years to collecting materials for a civil 
 and natural history of the 67 Islands of Orkney, and in 
 1805 pub. The History of the Orkney Islands, &c., Edin. 
 and Lon., 4to. 
 
 "No inconsiderable interest is certainly imparted to the con 
 tents of this volume, by the remoteness of the Orkneys, the little 
 intercourse which they hold with the central parts of the empire, 
 the incidents of a foreign population, their long connection with 
 another state, their subsequent incorporation with the crown of 
 Scotland, and the differences of their manners, laws, and usages." 
 Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Barry, Girald, usually called Giraldus Cam- 
 brensis, or Girald of Wales, was born about 1146, 
 and is supposed to have died about the year 1223. His 
 father, William de Barri, was a powerful Norman baron, 
 his mother was a descendant of the princes of South Wales. 
 His education was completed at the University of Paris, 
 where he studied for three years, and proved his natural 
 genius and assiduity in study by his famous lectures on 
 rhetoric and polite literature. Returning to England in 
 1172, he entered into holy orders, and obtained several 
 benefices in England and Wales. Upon the death of his 
 uncle, David Fitz-Gerald, Bishop of St. David's, who had 
 directed his early studies, the chapter made choice of Gi 
 raldus as his successor; but the opposition of King Henry 
 
 II. prevented this promotion. Hereupon Giraldus, in 1176, 
 returned to Paris, and renewed his studies in theology, 
 and in the civil and canon law, paying especial attention 
 to the decretals, or papal constitutions. In 1180 he again 
 visited England, and in 1185, whilst acting as secretary 
 and privy counsellor to Prince (afterwards King) John, 
 who was at this time in Ireland, he commenced collecting 
 
 134 
 
 the materials for his Topographia Hiberniae, which he 
 completed in 1187. In this year he read this work, the 
 three books, on three successive days, before a public audi 
 ence at Oxford. Knowing that men are accessible in other 
 ways than through love of letters, he gave sumptuous 
 entertainments one day to the poor of the town, the second 
 day to the doctors and scholars of celebrity, and the third 
 day to the scholars of lower rank, the soldiers, townsmen, 
 and burgesses. 
 
 Giraldus is not at all too modest to inform us of his uni 
 form success as a disputant, and of the marvellous effects 
 of his eloquence. So great he assures us was the latter, 
 that those who were ignorant of the Latin or French, in 
 which he addressed them, were still moved to tears by his 
 orations ! 
 
 In 1198 Peter de Leia, preferred by the choice of Henry II. 
 to the bishopric of St. David's, in place of Giraldus, was 
 removed by death, and again Giraldus was elected, but the 
 Archbishop of Canterbury refused to accept the nomina 
 tion. The chapter again elected him, and Giraldus visited 
 Rome to plead on their behalf. The pope decided against 
 the bishop-elect in 1203, and Geoffrey de Henlawe was 
 elected Bishop of St. David's. Thus disappointed, he re 
 nounced all ambitious hopes, and devoted himself to lite 
 rary composition. When overtures were made to him in 
 1215 to accept of the again vacant see of St. David's, he 
 judged it best under the circumstances of the case to de 
 cline all advances. He finished two of his most important 
 works, De Principis Instructione, and the Speculum Eccle- 
 sise,in 1210, in which year he also revised a second edition 
 of the dialogues of the church of St. David's. Tanner 
 quotes a document which states that in 1223 the church 
 of Chesterton in Oxfordshire was vacant "by the death 
 of Master G. de Barri," from which we presume this to 
 have been the date of his death. Giraldus was undoubt 
 edly one of the brightest ornaments of his age. 
 
 " Noble in his birth, and comely in his person ; mild in his man 
 ners, and affable in his conversation ; zealous, active, and un 
 daunted in maintaining the rights and dignities of his church ; 
 moral in his character, and orthodox in his principles; charitable 
 and disinterested, though ambitious; learned, though supersti 
 tious : such was Giraldus. And, in whatever point of view we exa 
 mine the character of this extraordinary man, whether as a scho 
 lar, a patriot, or a divine, we may justly consider him as one of 
 the brightest luminaries that adorned the annals of the twelfth 
 century." 
 
 So writes Sir Richard Colt Hoare, who, in 1806, pub. in 
 two splendid quarto volumes, the Itinerary of Archbishop 
 Baldwin through Wales, A. D. 1188, by Giraldus de Barri ; 
 translated into English, and illustrated with views, anno 
 tations, and a life of Giraldus. 
 
 Giraldus was a voluminous author : his own list con 
 sists of 
 
 1. The Chronography and Cosmography in Latin hexa 
 meters and pentameters. Not known to be in existence. 
 2. The Topographia Hiberniae, in 3 books, printed Franc- 
 fort, 1602, and in Holinshed. 3. The Expugnatio Hiber 
 niae, sive Historia Vaticinalis ; an Account of the Norman 
 Conquest of Ireland, being a sequel to the preceding work. 
 
 " The many invectives contained in it against Ireland, and the 
 natives of it, the fables with which it abounded, and the gross 
 errors through the whole, alarmed many of the Irish, and set their 
 pens a-going." 
 
 Archbishop Usher's opinion is highly favourable : 
 
 " Virum Antiquitatum, non Hiberniae solum suae, sed aliarum 
 etiam gentium scientissimum." 
 
 4. Legends of Saints. Some of these lives have been 
 printed in Wharton's Anglia Sacra. 5. The Life of Geof 
 frey, Archbishop of York. Printed by Wharton. Com 
 piled in 1193. 6. Symbolum Electorum. Not printed. 
 7. Liber Invectionum. 8. Speculum duorum commonitorum 
 et consolatorium. Both of these books are supposed to be lost. 
 9. Gemma Eeclesiastica. 10. The Itinerary of Cambria. 
 11. The Topographia Cambrise, in 2 books. The 1st only 
 was printed in the earliest editions. The 2d was first 
 printed in the Anglia Sacra. 12. De Fidei Fructu fideli- 
 que Defectu; which is lost. 13. De Principis Instruc 
 tione. 14. De Gestis Giraldi Laboriosis. 15. De Jure et 
 Statu Menevensis ecclesiae. 
 
 The above (from Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.) complete 
 Giraldus's own list; but the Speculum Ecclesice, one of his 
 latest and most remarkable productions, must be added. 
 
 Barry, J. M., M.D. The Cow-Pox, Cork, 1800. 
 
 Barry, James, Lord of Santry, 1598-1673. The 
 Case of Tenures, <fcc., Dubl., 1637, fol.; repr. 1725, 12mo. 
 
 Barry, James, 1741-1806, a distinguished painter, 
 b. at Cork. He pub. a number of profess, works, 1775- 
 98, which were collected and pub. in 2 vols. 4to, 1809, 
 Lon. ; Life prefixed. In early life Barry was enabled to 
 study his art in Italy, through the bounty of that orna- 
 
BAR 
 
 ment to human nature, Edmund Burke. See Barry's Let 
 ters to Burke, in the " Correspondence" of the latter. 
 
 Barry, M. J., and W. Keogh. A Treatise on the 
 Practice of the High Court of Chancery in Ireland, Dubl., 
 1841, 8vo. 
 
 " It is the condensation of the works of Daniell, Mitford, Story, 
 Harrison, and Hare upon the subject of Equity Pleading and 
 Practice adapted to the Irish Equity Rules and Decisions. Ihe 
 authors have written their work with a constant reference to the 
 best authorities ; and it will be consulted with advantage by every 
 Equity lawyer." Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 Barry, Thos. Monsipi Indians, 1797-1800. 
 
 Barry, Thos. de, a Scottish poet, flourished about 
 1390. He was a canon of Glasgow, and the first provost 
 of Bothwell. He was the author of a Latin poem in ho 
 nour of the battle of Otterbourne. See Extracts in For- 
 iun's Scoti-Chronicon, by Bower, lib. xiv. cap. 54. 
 
 " Of the leonine kind, and sufficiently barbarous." DR. IRVING. 
 
 Barston, John. Safeguarde of Societie, Lon., 1576. 
 
 Bin tell, Ed., Jr. Town of Cromer, 1800. Hints, 1804. 
 
 Barter, Charles. Sermon, 1806. 
 
 Barthlet, J. Pedegrewe of Pop. Heretiques, Lon., 1566. 
 
 Bartholomaeus, Bishop of Exeter, d. about 1187, is 
 honourably mentioned by Giraldus Cambrensis as one of 
 the great luminaries of his country. His best-known work 
 is a Penitential : a compilation from similar works, and 
 the canons and constitutions of the Church. Among his 
 other works were Dialogues against the Jews, (in MS. in 
 the Bodleian Library,) and, according to Leland, a treatise 
 De Praedestinatione et Libero Arbitrio. Bale and Pits 
 ascribe several other works to this author. See Bale, 
 Pits, and Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Bartholomaeus Anglicus, or Glanvil, flourished 
 about 1360. He was of the family of the Earls of Suffolk, 
 and by profession a Franciscan monk. He pursued his 
 studies at Oxford, Paris, and Rome, paying especial atten 
 tion to the writings of Aristotle, Plato, and Pliny. The 
 result of his learned investigations (besides articles of less 
 note) was his celebrated work in Latin, De Proprietatibus 
 Rerum, which is composed of 19 dissertations, upon the 
 Supreme Being, angels, devils, the soul, the body, animals, 
 &c. In some copies there is an additional book not of his 
 composition. Glanvil was largely indebted to the Specu 
 lum Naturale of Beauvais. This work was very popular, 
 and translations were made into the English, French, 
 Dutch, and Spanish languages. For an account of the 
 various editions and for other works of this author, see 
 Bale, Tanner, Brunei, Watt, Lowndes, Ac. John Trevisa's 
 translation into English is the most splendid production of 
 the press of Wynkyn de Worde, (sine anno.} A copy was 
 sold at the White Knight's sale (1778) for 53 11*. ; Al- 
 chorne, (158,) imperfect, 13 13s. ; Roxburghe, (1569,) two 
 leaves wanting, 70 7*. The next edition was printed in 
 1535, fol., and the 3d and last ed. in 1582, fol. 
 
 Bartholomew, Mrs. Annie E., b. at Sodon, Nor 
 folk, Eng., during the early part of the present century. 
 The Songs of Azrael : a vol. of Poems. The Ring, or the 
 Farmer's Daughter; a Play, 1829. It's Only My Aunt; 
 a Farce, 1849. 
 
 ^Bartholomew, John. Fall of the French Monarchy, 
 
 Bartholomew, Wm. Sermon on Proclaiming King 
 Charles II., Luke xi. 21, 22, 1660, 4to. 
 
 Bartlet, Richard. Serm., John xii. 13, Lon., 1655. 
 
 Bartlet, Wm. Congregational Way, Lon., 1647. 
 
 Bartlet, Wm. Sermons, 1714-18. 
 
 Bartlet, William S., A.M., b. 1809, at Newburyport, 
 Mass., Rector of St. Luke's Church, Chelsea, Mass. The 
 Frontier Missionary : a Memoir of the Life of the Rev. 
 Jacob Bailey, A.M., forming the 2d vol. of the collections 
 of the Prot. Epis. Hist. Soc., Bost., 1853, Svo. Highly 
 commended in the Chris. Exam., N. Amer. Rev., &c. 
 
 Bartlett, Benj., 1714-1787, a writer on numismatics 
 and topography. The Episcopal Coins of Durham and 
 the Monastic Coins of Reading, minted during the Reigns 
 of Edward I., II., and III., appropriated to their respec 
 tive owners j Archaeol., v. 335, 1779. On the Episcopal 
 Coins of Durham, Newcastle, 1817 : 105 copies printed. 
 Episcopal Coins of Durham and Monastic Coins of Read 
 ing ; Darlington. Manduessedum Romanorum, [Manches 
 ter,] Lon., 1791. This is the first portion of the continua 
 tion of the Biblioth. Topog. Brit. Mr. Bartlett formed a 
 valuable collection of coins, &c 
 
 Bartlett, David W., b. 1828. What I Saw in Lon 
 don. Life of Lady Jane Grey. Life of Frank Pierce 
 Pen-Portraits of Modern Agitators, Ac. 
 
 Bartlett, Elisha, M.D., 1805-1855, b. Smithfield, 
 K.I. ; grad. Med. Dept. Brown Univ., 1826 ; Prof, in Dart- 
 
 BAR 
 
 mouth Coll., 1839 j Transylvania Univ., Ky., 1841 j Univ. 
 Md., 1844, and again at Trans. Univ., 1846 ; Louisville in 
 1849 j in Univ. of New York, 1850 j and in 1851 in the 
 N.Y. Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons, which position he 
 held until his death. 1. Inquiry 'in to the Certainty of 
 Medicines. 2. Philosophy of Medicines, Svo. 3. Fevers 
 of the U.S., Svo ; other medical works. 4. A vol. of Poems 
 entitled Simple Settings in Verse for Portraits and Pic 
 tures from Mr. Dickens's Gallery, 1855. 
 
 Bartlett, J. Diseases of Horses, &c., Lon., 1754, '58, '64. 
 
 Bartlett, John. A Collection of Familiar Quota 
 tions, Cambridge, Mass., 1855; 3d ed., with Supp., 1858, 
 12mo. 
 
 Bartlett, John Russell, b. Oct. 23, 1805, at Provi 
 dence, R.I., a merchant; from 1850-53, Commissioner on 
 the part of the U.S. for running the Mexican boundary- 
 line. Progress of Ethnology: an Account of Recent 
 Archaeological, Philological, and Geographical Researches 
 tending to elucidate the Physical History of Man, N.Y., 
 
 1847, Svo. Reminiscences of Albert Gallatin, N.Y., 1849. 
 Dictionary of Americanisms : a Glossary of Words and 
 Phrases usually regarded as peculiar to the United States, 
 N.Y., 1848, 8vo, pp. 412 ; new ed., 1858. Personal Nar 
 rative of Explorations and Incidents in Texas, New 
 Mexico, California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, connected 
 with the United States and Mexican Boundary Commission 
 in the Years 1850, '51, '52, '53, N.Y., 1854, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " This work of Mr. Bartlett is replete with interest from the 
 manner in which he has jotted down his observations. The style 
 is simple and unpretending, and all the more graphic and attractive 
 on that account. The incidents many exciting, some amusing, 
 others humorous, and all entertaining evidently were recorded 
 while they were fresh in the mind of the author ; and in the same 
 fresh way they will reach the mind of the reader." N.Y. Knicker 
 bocker, July, 1854. 
 
 Official Despatches and Correspondence connected with 
 the United States and Mexican Boundary Commission, 
 Senate Document -No. 119, 31st Congress, 1st Session. 
 
 Bartlett, Joseph, 1763-1827, grad. at Harvard, 
 1782. In 1799 he delivered a poem on Physiognomy be 
 fore the Phi Beta Kappa Soc. of Harvard. An ed. of his 
 poems was pub. at Boston, 1823, and dedicated to John 
 Quincy Adams ; appended to which were a number of 
 Aphorisms on Men, Manners, Principles, and Things. 
 
 Bartlett, Josiah, M.D., 1759-1820, b. in Charles- 
 town, Mass. Progress of Medical Science in Mass., 1810. 
 History of Charlestown, 1814. Address to Free Masons, 
 1797. Oration on Death of Dr. John Warren, 1815. 
 
 Bartlett, William Henry, 1809-1854, a native of 
 Kentish Town, the most eminent pupil educated by John 
 Britton, the architectural antiquary, travelled extensively 
 through Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, and gave 
 many graphic illustrations of the results of his investiga 
 tions. In addition to nearly one thousand miscellaneous 
 plates engraved from his drawings made in Switzerland, 
 Scotland, Ac., he pub. the following volumes. 1. American 
 Scenery, Lon., 1840, 2 vols. 4to : literary department by 
 N. P. Willis. 2. Beauties of the Bosphorus, 1840, 4to : 
 descriptions by Miss Pardoe. 3. Scenery and Antiquities 
 of Ireland, 1842, 2 vols. 4to : the literary portion by N. P. 
 Willis. 4. Walks in and about Jerusalem, 1845, r. 8vo ; 
 4th ed., 1852, r. Svo. 5. Topography of Jerusalem, 1845. 
 6. Forty Days in the Desert : Cairo to Mount Sinai, 
 
 1848, r. Svo; 5th ed., 1853, r. Svo. 7. The Nile Boat; or, 
 Glimpses of the Land of Egypt, 1849, sup. r. Svo; 2d ed., 
 1852, sup. r. Svo. 8. Pictorial Gleanings on the Overland 
 Route, 1850, r. Svo ; 2d ed., 1851, r. Svo. 9. Scriptural 
 Sites and Scenes, 1851, p. Svo. 10. Footsteps of our Lord 
 and his Apostles, 1851, r. Svo; 4th ed., 1856, r. Svo. 11. 
 Pictures from Sicily, 1852, r. Svo. 12. The Pilgrim 
 Fathers, 1853, r. Svo. 13. Jerusalem Revisited, 1854, 
 r. Svo. See A Brief Memoir of the late William Henry 
 Bartlett, by William Beattie, M.D., author of Switzerland 
 Illustrated, &c., [and the friend and fellow-traveller of 
 Mr. Bartlett,] 1855, sm. 4to, pp. 52. See a review of this 
 volume in Lon. Gent. Mag., Nov. 1855, 511, and a bio 
 graphical notice of Mr. Bartlett in the same periodical, 
 Feb. 1855, 212. See also BEATTIE, WILLIAM, M.D. 
 
 Bartlett, Wm. H. C., b. 1804, Lancaster co., Penna, 
 Elementary Treatise on Optics, 1839, Svo. Treatise on 
 Synthetic Mechanics, in Elements of Nat. Phil. ; 2d ed., 
 1851. Analytical Mechanics; 2d ed., 1854. Treatise on 
 Acoustics and Optics, 1852, Svo. Treatise on Spherical 
 Astronomy, 1855, Svo. Contrib. Silliman's Journal, Phi 
 losophical Society of Phila., &c. 
 
 Bartley, Neh. Conversion of Pasture Lands into 
 Tillage, <fcc., Lon.. 1802, Svo. Letters on Clothing Wool, 
 1802, Svo. 
 
 135 
 
BAR 
 
 BAR 
 
 Hartley, O. W. Vaccination, Bristol, 1810. A 
 Treatise on Forensic Medicine, Bristol, 1815. 
 
 Bartol, Cyrus Augustus, b. 1813, Freeport, Maine; 
 grad. Bowdoin Coll., 1832 ; at Harvard Divinity School, 
 1835. 1. Sermons on the Christian Spirit and Life, 12mo. 
 2. Sermons on the Christian Body and Form, 12mo. 3. 
 Pictures of Europe, 12mo: see Lon. Athenaeum, No. 1473, 
 Jan. 19, 1856. 4. West Church and its Ministers. 5. 
 Church and Congregations : a Plea for their Unity, 1858 : 
 see N. A. Rev., July, 1858. 6. Grains of Gold : a Selection 
 from his writings. Contrib. to Chris. Exam., N. A. Rev., &c. 
 
 Barton. Italian Grammar, Lon., 1719. 
 
 Barton, Benjamin Smith, M.D., 1766-1815, an 
 eminent physician, botanist, and philologist, was the son 
 of the Rev. Thomas Barton, an Episcopal minister, a native 
 of Ireland, who emigrated to America and in 1753 married 
 at Philadelphia a sister of Mr. David Rittenhouse. The 
 subject of our memoir was born at Lancaster, Pennsylvania. 
 He pursued his studies for some years in New York and 
 Philadelphia,- and in 1786 went to Edinburgh, where for 
 about two years he enjoyed the great advantage of hear 
 ing the lectures of Professors Walker, Gregory, Black, and 
 Home. He obtained his medical degree at Gottingen. In 
 1789 he returned to Philadelphia, and in the same year 
 was appointed professor of Natural History and Botany 
 in the College of Philadelphia, and continued to occupy 
 the chair, when, in 1791, the college was incorporated with 
 the University of Pennsylvania. He continued his con 
 nection with this institution until his death in 1815. In 
 1795 he succeeded Dr. Griffith in the chair of Materia 
 Medica; and upon the death of Dr. Rush in 1813, he was 
 appointed his successor in the chair of the practice of 
 Physic, which he held in conjunction with that of Botany 
 and Natural History, during his life. In 1809 he was 
 elected President of the Phila. Medical Society. In 1797 
 he married a daughter of Edward Penington, Esq., an 
 eminent citizen of Philadelphia, by whom he had one son 
 and a daughter. 
 
 Edward Penington was a descendant of the celebrated 
 Isaac Penington of London, whose father was lord mayor 
 in 1642. (See PENINGTON, ISAAC, in this volume.) His 
 family at the present day, (1854,) after the lapse of two 
 centuries, is one of the first in America. From John Pen 
 ington, Esq., of Philadelphia, (grandson to the father-in- 
 law of Dr. Barton,) well known for his erudition and lite 
 rary taste, we learn that the subject of our memoir was 
 taught to draw by Major Andre, at the time a prisoner 
 of war in Lancaster. See PENINGTON, JOHN. 
 
 Dr. Barton united untiring industry with great natural 
 talents, a warm zeal in scientific investigation, and un 
 common attainments in many branches of knowledge. 
 At the age of 16, Barton composed an Essay on the Vices 
 of the Times. Thus early did he assume the position of 
 a teacher ! 
 
 Observations on some parts of Natural History, to which 
 is prefixed an account of several remarkable vestiges of 
 an ancient date, which have been discovered in different 
 parts of North America. Part L, Lon., 1787, 8vo, Dilly. 
 This was pub., it will be noticed, whilst the author was 
 resident in London. It was not continued. It relates to an 
 tiquities, giving an account of the Indian ruins in the Mus- 
 kingum, with some remarks on the first peopling of America. 
 " A prefixed advertisement to this work informs us that it is the 
 production of a very young man. written chiefly as a recreation 
 from the laborious studies of medicine. It is, however, a curious 
 tract; we have here only the first part; the other three, which 
 will complete the work, are to be published in a few months." 
 Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Papers relative to certain American Antiquities, Phil., 
 1796, 4to. Collections for an Essay towards a Materia 
 Medica of the United States, Phila., 1798, 8vo. Frag 
 ments of the Natural History of Pennsylvania, Part I, 
 Phila., 1800, fol. Memoir concerning the Fascinating 
 Faculty ascribed to the Rattle Snake, Phila., 1796, 8vo. 
 Printed only for private distribution. Supplement to ditto. 
 Some account of the Siren Lacertina, and other species of 
 the same genus of Amphibious Animals : in a letter to Mr. 
 J. G. Schneider of Saxony. 50 copies printed in 1808. 
 Reprinted 1821. Elements of Botany, Phila., 1803 j Lon., 
 1804, R. 8vo. Contributions to Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., 
 1793-99 ; to Nic. Jour., 1805-12. In 1805 he commenced 
 the Med. and Physical Journal, to which he contributed 
 many articles of value. For further information respect 
 ing Dr. Barton and his works, see Biog. Sketch by his 
 nephew, W. P. C. Barton, M.D., etc. ; Rose's Biog. Diet., 
 and Th a cher's Med. Biog. 
 
 Barton, Bernard, 1784-1849, often called THE 
 QUAKER POET, was born in the vicinity of London. In 
 
 j 1810 he obtained a clerkship in the Messrs. Alexander's 
 bank at Woodbridge, which situation he held for the rest 
 of his life. At one time he thought of resigning his post 
 and devoting himself entirely to literature ; but his friend 
 Charles Lamb interposed a timely remonstrance. 
 
 Mr. Barton's first volume of poems was pub. in 1811. 
 He wrote much, his poems filling eight or nine volumes. 
 His Household Verses, a collection of his fugitive pieces, 
 pub. in 1845, "contain more of his personal feelings than 
 perhaps any previous work of his pen." Mr. Barton was 
 remarkable for great amiability of manners, extensive in 
 formation, and a refined taste in the arts. Of the English 
 drama his knowledge, as may be supposed, was limited : 
 
 " I am amused with your knowledge of our drama being con 
 fined to Shakspeare and Miss Baillie. What a world of fine terri 
 tory between Land's End and Johnny Groat's have you missed 
 traversing ! I could almost envy you to have so much to read. . . 
 Oh, to forget Fielding, Steele, &c., and read 'em new .'" Charlet 
 Lamb to B. B., Dec. 1822. 
 
 Lord Byron thought highly of Barton's poetical talents, 
 but did not hesitate to proffer the same advice which Lamb 
 had given : 
 
 " I think more highly of your poetical talents than it would 
 perhaps gratify you to have expressed ; for I believe, from what I 
 observe of your mind, that you are above flattery. To come 
 to the point, you deserve success ; but we knew before Addison 
 wrote his Cato, that desert does not always command it. But sup 
 pose it attained, 
 
 You know what ills the author's life assail, 
 Toil, envy, want, the patron, and the jail.' 
 
 Do not renounce writing, but never trust entirely to authorship." 
 Byron to Barton, June, 1812. 
 
 " I have read your poems with much pleasure, those with most 
 which speak most of your own feelings." R. Southey to Barton, 
 Dec. 1814. 
 
 In 1820 Mr. Barton requested Southey's opinion whether 
 the Society of Friends were likely to be offended at his 
 publishing a volume of poems. We give a short extract 
 from Southey's reply : 
 
 " I know one, a man deservedly respected by all who know him, 
 (Charles Lloyd the elder, of Birmingham,) who has amused his old 
 age by translating Horace and Homer. He is looked up to in the 
 society, and would not have printed these translations if he had 
 thought it likely to give offence. Judging, however, from the 
 spirit of the age, as affecting your society, like every thing else, I 
 should think they would be gratified by the appearance of a poet 
 among them who confines himself within the limits of their gene 
 ral principles. . . . They will not like virtuous feeling and reli 
 gious principle the worse for being conveyed in good verse. If 
 poetry in itself were unlawful, the Bible must be a prohibited 
 book." (See an amusing letter of Barton's to Southey, respect 
 ing the fitness of the latter to be the biographer of George Fox.) 
 
 The volume appeared, and was highly commended : 
 
 " The staple of the whole poem is description and meditation, 
 description of quiet home scenery, sweetly and feelingly wrought 
 out; and meditation, overshadowed with tenderness, -and exalted 
 by devotion, but all terminating in soothing, and even cheerful, 
 views of the condition and prospects of mortality." Edin. Rev. 
 
 Wilson reviews Barton in vol. xii. of Blackwood : 
 
 " He possesses much sensibility, and his mind has a strong tinge 
 of poetry. Every now and then he surprises us with glimpses of 
 something infinitely better than the general tone of his concep 
 tions." 
 
 " If we cannot compliment Mr. Barton on being naturally a 
 great poet, he possesses feeling, has long studied his art, and has 
 attained to a point of merit which we did not anticipate." Lon. 
 Monthly Review, 1820. 
 
 " There is in Barton's poems a higher beauty than the beauty 
 of ingenuity, and something of more worth than the exquisiteness 
 of workmanship. His works are full of passages of natural ten 
 derness, and his religious poems, though animated with a warmth 
 of devotion, are still expressed with that subdued propriety of 
 language, which evinces at once a correctness of taste and feeling." 
 Lon. Gent. Mag. 
 
 " A man of a fine and cultivated, rather than of a bold and ori 
 ginal, mind." LORD JEFFREY. 
 
 The Widow's Tale, and other Poems. 
 
 "We should always rejoice to see this volume on any table." 
 Lon. Literary Gazette, March, 1827. 
 
 " This interesting little volume contains some of the sweetest 
 poetry Mr. Barton has ever written." Lon. Lit. Magnet, April, 1827 
 
 Devotional Verses. 
 
 " Mr. Barton's style is well suited to devotional poetry. It has 
 great sweetness and pathos, accompanied with no small degree of 
 power, which well qualify it for the expression of the higher and 
 purer feelings of the heart." Lon. New Monthly Mag., March, 1826. 
 
 Mr. Barton was a brother to Maria Hack, the authoress 
 of a number of juvenile works of great merit, and his 
 daughter, Miss Lucy Barton, has devoted her talents to 
 the composition of scriptural works, principally intended 
 for the young. 
 
 Barton, Charles, of the Middle Temple. Profess. 
 works, 1794-1811. Mr. Barton has been highly commended 
 as a legal writer. Modern Precedents in Conveyancing, 7 
 vols., Lon., 1821, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Barton, in various parts of these Precedents, has intro 
 duced dissertations on the nature and use of the different spech-s 
 of assurances contained in the collection. These essays are ably 
 
BAR 
 
 BAR 
 
 written, and contain very full references to authorities on the sub 
 jects of which they treat." Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 Historical Treatise of a suit in Equity. 
 
 " I feel it my duty to advise the student to use considerable cau 
 tion in perusing this essay, as it may (and probably does) contain 
 many more inaccuracies than the author is at all aware of." 
 Author's Preface. 
 
 " A useful historical treatise, admirable for its clear and judicious 
 wrangement." BLAKE. 
 
 Barton, Charles. Sermons, 1800-03. 
 
 Barton, Cutts. Sermons, 1754-58. 
 
 Barton, David. Sermon, 1670. 
 
 Barton, Edward. Description of the Antiquities 
 and other Curiosities of Rome, Lon., 1822. 
 
 Barton, Henry. Sermon, 1762. 
 
 Barton, James. Honorina, a Novel, 1804, 2 vols. 
 
 Barton, John. Agricultural Labour, Lon., 1820. 
 
 Barton, John, supposed to have been Chancellor of 
 the University of Oxford in the 15th century, wrote a treatise 
 against Wicliffe; Symbolurn Fidei Catholicae. TANNER. 
 
 Barton, Lucy. See BARTON, BERNARD. 
 
 Barton, Philip, of Christ Ch., Oxf. Sermons, 1735, 
 '40, '50. 
 
 Barton, Philip, of Portsea, Sermons, 1754-55. 
 
 Barton, Philip, of Buriton, Hants. Consecration of 
 Bp. Lowth, a sermon, 1 Tim. iii. 7, 1766. 
 
 Barton, Richard. Divine Analogy, Lon., 1737-38. 
 Dialogue respecting Ireland, Dubl., 1751, 4to. Lectures 
 on Natural Philosophy, Dubl., 1751, 4to. 
 
 " In the second, which he calls the popular Elementary Lecture, 
 he enumerates and proves the properties of the four 'elements, 
 principally from the most obvious appearances; treating the sub 
 ject in a popular manner, and using short and easy demonstra 
 tion." L'm. Mmthly Review, 1751. 
 
 Remarks respecting Lough Lene, Dubl., 1751, 4to. 
 
 Barton, Saml. Sermons, 1689, '90, '92, '96, '97, '98, 
 1701-05. 
 
 Barton, Thomas. A Counter-Scarfe against those 
 that Condemn all External Bowing at the Name of Jesus; 
 with a Defence of it against Masive Giles, Lon., 1643, 4to. 
 
 Barton, Thomas, 1730-1780, an Episcopal minister, 
 a native of Ireland, received his education at the University 
 of Dublin. In 1753 he married at Philadelphia the sister 
 of Dr. David Rittenhouse. To this eminent philosopher, 
 his talents and extensive acquirements enabled him to 
 render invaluable assistance. He officiated in Reading 
 Township, York County, Pennsylvania, as a missionary of 
 a society in England from 1755 to 1759. He was a chap 
 lain in the expedition against Fort Du Quesne in 1758. 
 His acquaintance with Washington, Mercer, and other dis 
 tinguished officers of the Revolution, proved no bar to his 
 continued adherence to the royal government. Refusing 
 to take an oath required of him. he removed in 1778 to 
 New York, where he died, May 25, 1780. His eldest son, 
 Wm. Barton of Lancaster, wrote the memoirs of Ritten 
 house; Professor Benj. Smith Barton, M.D., was another 
 of his eight children. His widow continued to reside with 
 her nephew, the excellent Samuel Bard, M.D., (see ante ) 
 until her death in 1821. Dr. Barton published a Sermon 
 on Braddock's Defeat, 1755. Memoir of Kittenhome ; 
 lhacher* Medical Biog.; Allen's Amer. Diet. 
 
 Barton, William. Decimal Arithmetic, Lon 1634 
 
 Bar t n Wil liam. View of man y Error s a nd some 
 gross Absurdities in the old translation of the Psalms in 
 English Metre, as also in some other Translations lately 
 published Lon., 1655, 4to. A Century of Select Hymns, 
 Lon., 1659, 12mo. Two Centuries of Hymns and Spiritual 
 
 ?Z gS l' J ? V 6 ni'i 8VO ' A Catal ogue <> f Virtuous Women 
 recorded in the Old and New Test., in verse, Lon., 1671, Svo. 
 .f TV. ^ ' Wllham - Observations on the Probabilities 
 of the Duration of Human Life, and the Progress of Popu 
 lation in the United States of America. Trans. Amer. 
 Pmlos. Soc., in. 25, 1793. 
 
 - '-- - -v JAT.I., *-?) ncpiiow tu jueiij. Smitli 
 _.^, ^.^., o, uu his successor as Professor of Botany in 
 the University of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Florae Philadelphicae Prodromus, Phila., 1815,4to,pp. 96. 
 Vegetable Materia Medica of the United States, or Medical 
 lotany, containing a botanical, general, and medical his 
 tory of the medicinal plants indigenous to the United States 
 Illustrated by coloured engravings, Phila,, 2 vols., 50 plates! 
 was not <f P0rtions of . this work were P ul >. in 1817, but it 
 6 8 6r p urb P y e Hir s r tl1 1825; L0nd n ' 1821 ' 4to > 2 vols -> 
 the a t) r ? wm ^* an< * colouring of the plates have been made by 
 
 "From a close attention to our Materia Medica, and. from somo 
 experiments he has recently made, he is convinced that not a few 
 of our indigenous plants are sufficiently important to be introduced 
 into the daily practice of the physician." Autfior's Preface, p. 13. 
 
 Compendium Florae Philadelphicae. Containing a de 
 scription of the Indigenous and Naturalized Plants found 
 within a circuit of ten miles around Philadelphia, 12mo, 
 2 vols., Phila., 1818. 
 
 " The Compendium, containing only brief descriptions of plants, 
 with occasional popular observations, as it is the most unassuming, 
 so we think it the most meritorious, among the botanical works of 
 Dr. Barton. . . . Dr. Barton has published books on the subject of 
 our botany of greater pretension than almost any other living au 
 thor.''^. Amer. Review, vol. xiii. 119-20. 
 
 Flora of North America, illustrated by coloured Figures, 
 drawn from Nature, 3 vols. 4to, Phila., 1821-^23, pub. in 
 numbers. Compendium Floras Philadelphicae, 1818, 2 vols. 
 12mo, Phila. 
 
 Materia Medica and Botany, 2 vols. 12mo, Phila. Medi 
 cal Botany, 2 vols. Svo. Hints to Naval Officers cruising 
 in the West Indies, 1830, ISmo, Phila. Plan for Marine 
 Hospitals in the United States, 1817, Svo. 
 
 Bartram. Trial of Nightingale, 1809 ; of Lt. Col. 
 Johnston, 1811. 
 
 Bartram, Isaac. Distillation of Persimmons. 
 
 Bartram, John, 1701-1777, an eminent botanist, was 
 born at Marple, Delaware co., Pennsylvania. He took 
 great pleasure in the care of a botanical garden, laid out 
 and planted by himself, on the west bank of the Sehuyl- 
 kill, four miles below Philadelphia. He became so famous 
 for his proficiency in his favourite pursuit, that Linnaaus 
 pronounced him " the greatest natural botanist in the 
 world." Sir Hans Sloane, Mr. Catesby, Dr. Hill, Peter 
 Collinson, and other friends of science, furnished Bartram 
 with books and apparatus, stimulated his zeal by their 
 sympathy, and aided his labours by active co-operation. 
 
 " Be so kind as to give him [Bartram] a little entertainment and 
 recommendation to a friend or two of yours in the country, for 
 he does not value riding 50 or 100 miles to see a new plant." 
 Peter Collinson to Col. Custis, of Virginia, 1737. 
 
 He received the appointment of American Botanist to 
 George III., which office he held until his death in Sep 
 tember, 1777. Observations on the Inhabitants, Climate, 
 Soil, Divers Productions, Animals, Ac., made in his tra 
 vels from Pennsylvania to Onondaga, Oswego, and the 
 Lake Ontario, &c., Svo, p. 94, and plan. Lon., 1751. An 
 Account of East Florida, [by William Stork,] with a jour 
 nal kept by John Bartram of Philadelphia, upon a journey 
 from St. Augustine's up the river St. John's, Svo, pp. 90 
 and 70, Lon., 1766; 3d ed. much enlarged, 4to, Lon., 1769. 
 Mr. Bartram also contributed several papers to the Phil. 
 Trans., 1740, '44, '50, '62, '63. See an interesting volume 
 entitled Memorials of John Bartram and Humphrey Mar 
 shall, Phila., 1849, by William Darlington, M.D., of West 
 Chester, Pennsylvania; also a sketch of the life of Peter 
 Collinson, by Wm. H. Dillingham of Phila., Phila., 1851. 
 
 Bartram, Moses. Observations on the Native Silk 
 Worms of North America, Amer. Trans. 1789. 
 
 Bartram, William, 1739-1823, son of John Bar- 
 tram, (ante,) inherited the botanical zeal of his father. 
 In 1773, at the request of Dr. Fothergill, he travelled 
 through several of the Southern States, &c. in order to ex- 
 amine the natural productions of the country. These in 
 vestigations occupied him for five years. His collections 
 and drawings were forwarded to Dr. Fothergill. The fruits 
 of this enterprise were given to the world in 1791 : Tra 
 vels through N. and S. Carolina, Georgia, E. and W. Flo 
 rida, the Cherokee Country, the extensive Territories of 
 the Muscogules or Creek Confederacy, and the country of 
 the Choctaws ; containing an Account of the Soil and Na 
 tural Productions of those Regions, together with Obser 
 vations on the Manners of the Indians. Embellished with 
 copper-plates, Svo, map and 16 plates, Phila., 1791 ; pub. 
 in Lon., in 1792, and again in 1794. In the English edi 
 tion only 8 of the 16 plates, principally of plants, are 
 given. In 1799 it was trans, into French by P. V. Benoist, 
 Paris, 1801, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " It is a delightful specimen of the enthusiasm with which the 
 lover of nature, and particularly the botanist, surveys the beauti 
 ful and wonderful productions which are scattered over the face 
 of the earth." 
 
 Mr. Bartram contributed to Nic. Jour., 1805, Anecdotes 
 of an American Crow. See American Farmer's Letters. 
 
 Bartu, or Bertie, Robert, Earl of Lindsay. His 
 Declaration and Justification, wherein he declares the Jus 
 tice of his Majesty's Cause in taking Arms, <fec., 1664, folio. 
 
 Baruh, Raphael. Critica, Sacra Examined, 1775, Svo. 
 
 Barville, John. Account of his Conversion from 
 Popery to the Church of England, Lon., 1710, Svo. 
 
 137 
 
BAR 
 
 BAS 
 
 BarAvell, Mrs. Juvenile and other works. 
 Harwell, Richard, Demonstrator of Anatomy at 
 St. Thomas's Hospital. Asiatic Cholera : its Symptoms, 
 Pathology, and Treatment, Lon., post 8vo. 
 
 " The chapter on the Morbid Anatomy is very interesting. The 
 book exhibits considerable ability." Lon. Medical Times. 
 
 " Here is a book well worthy of attention, for Mr.Barwell writes 
 from the bedside of the numerous cholera patients placed under 
 his care at St. Thomas's Hospital." Lon. Lancet. 
 
 Barwick, Edward. A Treatise on the Church, 
 chiefly in relation to its Government, in which the divine 
 right of Episcopacy is maintained, the supremacy of the 
 Bishop of Rome proved to be contrary to the Scriptures 
 and primitive Fathers, and the Reformed Episcopal Church 
 in England. Ireland, and Scotland, proved to be a sound 
 and orthodox part of the Catholic Church. Compiled from 
 the most eminent divines, Belfast, 1813, 8vo; 2d ed., en 
 larged and improved, Lon., 1815, 8vo. 
 " Containing much matter in a short compass." BICKERSTETH. 
 B arwick, Henry. An Essay on Nature ; a Poem, 1807. 
 Barwick, Humphrey. Manual Weapons of Fire, 
 &c., Lon., 1590, 4to. 
 
 Barwick, John, 1612-1664, Fellow of St. John's Col 
 lege, Cambridge, was a zealous adherent to Charles L, and 
 was imprisoned for corresponding with Charles II. in his 
 exile. This monarch at the Restoration offered him the 
 bishopric of Carlisle, but this he declined, accepting the 
 deanery of Denham, and subsequently the deanery of 
 St. Paul's. He pub. a Piece against the Covenant, Oxf., 
 1644. Life of Thomas Merton, Bp. of Durham, <fcc., Lon., 
 1660, 4to. Deceiver Deceived, 1661, 4to. His brother, 
 Peter Barwick, M.D., pub. an account of his life in Latin, 
 Lon., 1721, 8vo; trans, into English in 1724. Hilkiah 
 Bedford was editor of both. In Thurloe's State Papers 
 will be found many of his letters to Chancellor Hyde. 
 Some of these epistles were intercepted, and although 
 written in cipher, were understood, whereat the Chancel 
 lor expresses great amazement : 
 
 " I was confident that the Devil himself cannot decypher a let 
 ter that is well written, or find that 100 stands for Sir Harry Vane. 
 I have heard of many of the pretenders to that skill, and have 
 spoken with some of them, but have found them all to be Mounte 
 banks." Hyde to Barwick. 
 
 Barwick, Peter, M.D., 1619-1705? brother to the 
 preceding, and physician in ordinary to King Charles II., 
 composed a life of his brother John (noticed in preceding 
 article) which has been much admired for the elegance of 
 its Latinity. He wrote a Defence of Harvey's Discovery 
 of the Circulation of the Blood, which was considered one 
 of the best pieces of the controversy. He was also author 
 of a treatise appended to the life of his brother, in favour 
 of the Eikon Basilike, (in opposition to Dr. Walker,) and 
 pub. a medical work under the title of Medicorum Animos 
 exagitant, Londini, 1671, 4to. 
 
 Barwis, Jackson. Dialogue concerning Liberty, 
 1793, 4to. 
 
 Barwis, John. Sermons, 1804-5, 4to. 
 Bascom, Henry Bidleman, b. May 27, 1796, 
 Hancock co., N.Y., d. Sept. 8, 1850; entered the itinerant 
 ministry in the Ohio Conference, 1813; was ordained 
 Bishop of the M.E. Church South, at St. Louy?, in May, 
 1850 ; was distinguished as a pulpit orator. Works, 4 vols. 
 12mo: vol. i., Sermons from the Pulpit; vol. ii., Lectures 
 on Infidelity, &c. ; vol. iii., Lectures and Essays on Moral 
 and Mental Science, &c. ; vol. iv., Sermons and Sketches, 
 Nashville, Tenn., 1856. See Life of Bp. Bascom by Rev. 
 M. M. Henkle, D.D., 12mo, Nash., 1857. 
 
 Bascom e, E., Dr. A History of Epidemic Pestilences 
 from the Earliest Ages, Lon., 1851, 8vo. 
 
 " This book will be found useful as a work of reference, as it 
 contains a notice of all the most remarkable pestilences that have 
 occurred from 1495 years before the birth of our Saviour to 1848." 
 Lon. Athen. 
 
 Baseley, J. Sermons, Lon., 1801, 8vo. 
 Baseley, Thomas. Serms., Lon., 1801, '05, '06, '08. 
 Basier, Basiere, or Basire, Isaac, 1607-1676, 
 vras b. in the island of Jersey, according to Wood ; but 
 this is contradicted by a writer in the Biog. Brit. About 
 1640 he was made chaplain-in-ordinary to King Charles I., 
 and three years afterwards was installed into the seventh 
 prebend of Durham. In 1646 he left England for a mis 
 sionary tour among the Greeks, Arabians, &c. Deo et 
 Ecclesia Sacrum, Ac., Oxf., 1646, 4to ; Diatriba de Antiqua 
 Ecclesiae Britannicae Libertate. Richard Watson found 
 this work in Lord Hopton's closet after his decease. He 
 printed it at Bruges in 1658, 8vo, and translated it into 
 English, and pub. it under the title of The Ancient Liberty 
 of the Britannic Church and the Legitimate Exemption 
 thereof from the Roman Patriarchate, discoursed in four 
 138 
 
 positions, Lon., 1661, 8vo. Basire was the author of several 
 other works. See Biog. Brit. ; Wood's Fasti ; Hutchinson's 
 Durham. 
 
 Basing, Basinge, Basingtochius, or Basing- 
 Stoke de, John, d. 1252, studied first at Oxford, then 
 at Paris, and visited Athens for the purpose of perfecting 
 himself in the Greek language. He brought with him to 
 England many curious Greek MSS., and Matthew Paris 
 gives him credit for introducing the Greek numerals into 
 England. Robert Grosteste, Bishop of Lincoln, with 
 whom he was a great favourite, preferred him to the arch- 
 leaconry of Lincoln, as he had been before to that of 
 London. He translated from Greek into Latin a grammar 
 which he styled The Donatus of the Greeks. He also 
 e to the world A Latin Translation of a Harmony of 
 the Gospels. A Volume of Sermons. Particulae Senten- 
 tiarum per distinctione, or a commentary upon part of 
 Lombard's Sentences. 
 
 Basire, John. Letter to his Son, Lon., 1670, 12mo. 
 Basnett, Mills. Lay and Private Patronage. 
 Bass, J. H. A Greek and English Manual Lexicon 
 to the New Testament, 1829, 12mo. 
 
 " A useful manual for youth." BICKERSTETH. 
 Bass, William. Sword and Buckler; or, Serving 
 Man's Defence, Lon., 1602, 4to. In six-lines stanzas. 
 Steevens's, 1767, 1 19. 
 
 Bassantin, James, d. 1568, an eminent Scotch 
 astronomer. 1. Astronomia, <fcc., Latin and French, Ge 
 neva, 1599, fol. 2. Paraphrase de 1'Astrolabe, &c., Lyons, 
 1555 ; Paris, 1617, 8vo. 3. Super Mathematica Geneth- 
 liaca; i. e., of the Calculation of Nativities. 4. Arith- 
 metica. 5. Musica secundum Platonem. 6. De Mathesi 
 in genere. We see that judicial astrology was not de 
 spised by our philosopher; to this branch of his studies 
 Sir James Melvil refers, when he states that his brother, 
 Sir Robert, while he was using his endeavours to reconcile 
 the two Queens, Elizabeth and Mary, met with one Bas 
 santin, a man learned in the high sciences, who told him 
 that all his labour would be in vain. 
 
 For they will never meet together; and next, there will never 
 be any thing but dissembling and secret hatred, for a while; and 
 at length, captivity and utter wreck to our Queen from England. 
 . . . The kingdom of England at length shall fall, of right, to the 
 crown of Scotland; but it shall cost many bloody battles; and the 
 Spaniards shall be helpers, and take a part to themselves for their 
 labour." Memoirs. 
 
 Basse, J. H. Catechism of Health, Lon., 1794, 12mo. 
 Basse, William, a minor poet, temp. James I., wrote 
 an epitaph (probably the first) upon the Poette Shakspeare ; 
 printed in 1633 in the 1st edit, of Dr. Donne's poems. 
 That Which Seems Best is Worst, has been ascribed to him, 
 (Restituta, vol. i. 41,) and in 1651 he contemplated pub. a 
 volume of his poems. 
 
 "To Mr. Wm. Basse, upon the intended publication of his 
 poems, Jan. 13, 1651." 
 
 A Poem by Dean Bathurst. Warton's Life and Remains 
 of Bathurst) 1761, 8vo. 
 
 Basset, J. Sermon, 1734, 8vo. 
 Basset, John. Hermaeologium, Lon., 1695, 8vo. 
 Basset, John. A Pathway to Perfect Sailing, Lon., 
 1664, 4to. A Nautical Discourse to prove the Way of a 
 Ship, Lon., 1644, 4to, (an appendix to Potter's work.) 
 He was one of the disputants in Bond's controversy on 
 the longitude. 
 
 Basset, Joseph D. Letter to J. B. Chadwick, 
 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Basset, Joshua. Ecclesiaa Theoria Nova Dodwel- 
 liana Exposita, Lon., 1713, 8vo. 
 
 Basset, Peter. Acta Regis Henrici V. In MS. in 
 the College of Arms. The author was chamberlain to 
 Henry V. 
 
 Basset, Thomas. Catalogue of Common and Sta 
 tute Law Books of this Realm, Lon., 1671, 8vo; 1694, 
 12mo. Enlarged, 1720, 8vo. 
 
 Basset, William. Sermons, 1670, '79, '83, '84, 4to. 
 An Answer to The Brief History of the Unitarians, called 
 also Socinians, Lon., 1693, 8vo. 
 
 Bassnett, Thos., b. 1808, in Eng. Mechanical 
 Theory of Storms, 1853. 
 
 Bassol, John,d. 1347, a Scotch philosopher, studied 
 divinity under Duns Scotus at Oxford. His preceptor had 
 so high an opinion of his pupil that he used to say, "If 
 John Bassol be present, I have a sufficient auditory." In 
 1304 he accompanied his master to Paris. Commentaria 
 seu Lecturae in quatuor Libros Sententiarum, Paris, 1517, 
 fol.; a work in such high reputation as to procure him 
 from his brethren, the schoolmen, the title of "Doctor 
 1 Ordinatissimus," in allusion to his method and perspi- 
 
BAS 
 
 cuity. Miscellanea Philosophica et Medica, in the same 
 volume. 
 
 Bastard, Thomas, d. 1618, a clergyman, and an 
 epigrammatist of considerable note in his day, was made 
 perpetual Fellow of New College, Oxford, in 1588, 
 
 "But being much guilty of the vices belonging to poets, and 
 given to libelling, he was in a manner forced to leave his fellow 
 ship in 1591." WOOD. 
 
 The " libel" which gave so much offence was " upon all 
 persons of note in Oxford who were guilty of amorous ex- 
 
 Sloits." It was entitled An Admonition to the city of 
 xford, &c. Bastard disclaimed the authorship. After 
 his expulsion he wrote, Jeukin, why man ? why Jenkin ? 
 fie, for shame ! Neither of these were printed. H pub. 
 Chrestoleros ; seven bookes of Epigrames, Lon., 1598, 12mo. 
 See Censura Literaria, vol. iv. Magna Britannia, a 
 Latin Poem, in three books, Lon., 1605, 4to. Five Ser 
 mons, Lon., 1615, 4to. Twelve Sermons, Lon., 1615, 4to. 
 Bastard was thrice married. 
 
 " He was a person endowed with many rare gifts, was an excel 
 lent Grecian, Latinist, and poet, and, in his elder years, a quaint 
 preacher. His discourses were always pleasant and facete, which 
 made his company desired by all ingenious men. He was a most 
 excellent epigrammatist, and, being always ready to versify upon 
 any subject, did let nothing material escape his fancy, as his com 
 positions, running through several hands in MS., shew." Athen. 
 Oxon. 
 
 Warton speaks of him as an elegant classic scholar, and 
 " better qualified for that species of the occasional pointed 
 Latin epigram established by his fellow-collegian, John 
 Owen, than for any other sort of English versification." 
 The res anyusta domi, however, to which poets are so pro 
 verbially subject would appear to have sobered his wit : 
 " But now, left naked of prosperitie, 
 And subject unto bitter injurie ; 
 So poor of sense, so bare of wit I am, 
 Not neede herselfe can drive an epigram." 
 
 Lib. I., Epig. 2. 
 
 We extract a stanza from an Epigram in honour of our 
 author by no less a person than Sir John Harrington : 
 
 " To Master Bastard, a minister, that made a pleasant Book of 
 English Epigrams: 
 
 You must in pulpit treat of matters serious ; 
 As it beseems the person and the place; 
 There preach of faith, repentance, hope, and grace ; 
 Of sacraments, and such high things mysterious : 
 But they are too severe, and too imperious, 
 That unto honest sports will grant no space. 
 For these our minds refresh, those weary us, 
 And spur our doubled spirit to swifter pace." 
 (From the most Elegant and Witty Epigrams of Sir John Har 
 rington, Knight, digested into four bookes, Lon., 1625, sm. 8vo.) 
 
 Bastard, William. On the Culture of Pine Apples, 
 Phil. Trans. Abr., 1777. 
 
 Baston, Robert, d. about 1315 ? a native of York 
 shire, was, according to Bale, poet laureate and public 
 orator at Oxford, but this has been disputed. He became 
 a Carmelite monk, and prior of that order in Scarborough. 
 Edward I. carried him with him in his expedition against 
 Scotland, in 1304, that he might be an eye-witness of and 
 celebrate his victory. But, alas for human expectations ! 
 Baston was made prisoner, and, as the price of his ransom, 
 obliged to write a panegyric on Robert Bruce ! Baston 
 wrote principally in Latin, and it is doubtful if any of his 
 English compositions are now in existence. The rhyme 
 Baston is so called from our author. The panegyric men 
 tioned above will be found in Fordun's Scoti-Chronicon; it 
 was pub. Oxon., 1722. He also wrote, 1. De Strivilniensi 
 obsidione ; of the Siege of Stirling, a poem in one book. 
 2. De Altero Scotorum Bello, in one book. 3. De Scotiae 
 Guerris variis, in one book. 4. De variis mundi Statibus, 
 in one book. 5. De Sacerdotum luxuriis, in one book. 
 6. Contra Artistas, in one book. 7. De Divite et Lazaro. 
 8. Epistolao ad diversos, in one book. 9. Sermones Syno- 
 dales, in one book. 10. A Book of Poems. 11. A volume 
 of tragedies and comedies in English, the existence of 
 which is doubtful. See Bale; Pits; Holingshed; Leland; 
 Saxii Onomasticon; Warton's History of English Poetry. 
 Baston, Saml. Case Vindicated, 1695. Dialogue, 1697. 
 Baston, Thos. Obs. on Trade and Public Spirit, 1732. 
 Basturde, A. Trans. The Cessyos of Parlyamet, etc. 
 Bastwick, John, M.D., 1593-1650? was distin 
 guished for his violent opposition to the jure divino claim 
 for Episcopacy. He was educated at Emanuel College, 
 Cambridge, after which he took his doctor's degree at 
 Padua. His first work, Elenchus Religionis Papisticse, 
 in quo probatur neque Epistolicam neque Catholicam, imo 
 neque Romanam esse, was pub. at Ley den, in 1624. In 
 1635 he pub. in England, Flagellum Pontificis et Episco- 
 porum Latialium. For this publication he was cited be 
 fore the High Commission Court; by which he was sen 
 tenced to a fine of 1,000, prohibited from practising his 
 
 BAT 
 
 profession of medicine, his book to be burnt, himself ex 
 communicated, to pay costs of suit, and be imprisoned 
 until he recanted. Whilst imprisoned, he wrote Apologe- 
 ticus ad Prajsules Anglicanos, 1636 ; and the Letany for 
 the especiall Use of our English Prelates, 1637. For this 
 new attack, Laud had an information exhibited against 
 him in the Star Chamber. Wm. Prynne for his Histrio- 
 Mastix, and Rev. Dr. Burton for publishing two seditious 
 sermons, were also brought under discipline. The three 
 defendants, to the disgrace of the court, were sentenced 
 to lose their ears, to pay a fine of 5000 each, and to 
 suffer perpetual imprisonment ! This barbarous sentence 
 was executed. When the Parliament obtained the Supre 
 macy, the three were brought back to London in great 
 triumph, and an order passed for the repayment of the 
 fine of 5000 to each of them. It is said that they never 
 received the money. Bastwick afterwards wrote several 
 pamphlets against the Independents. 
 
 Independency not God's Ordinance, Lon., 1645. De 
 fence of himself against Lilburn, 1645. Utter Routing 
 of the whole Army of all the Independents and Sectaries, 
 with the total overthrow of their Monarchy, 1646. The 
 Church of England the true Church. Poor Bastwick 
 fared better than the Patriarch Job in his hour of trial. 
 The wife of his bosom did not " add affliction to his mise 
 ry;" but when Bastwick mounted the scaffold, he was 
 immediately followed by his wife, who, 
 
 " Like a loving spouse, saluted each ear with a kiss, and then his 
 mouth ; whose tender love, boldness, and cheerfulness, so wrought 
 upon the people's affections, that they gave a marvellous great 
 shout for joy to behold it." 
 
 The martyr was worthy of such a wife. 
 " So far," said he, " am I from base fear, or caring for any thing 
 they can do, or cast upon me, that had I as much blood as would 
 swell the Thames, I would shed it every drop in this cause. As I 
 said before [in his noble speech before the Star-Chamber] so I say 
 again, had I as many lives as I have hairs on my head or drops 
 of blood in my veins, I would give them all up for this cause I" 
 
 The Letany will be found in the 5th vol. of the Somers 
 Collection of Tracts ; and an interesting review of it in 
 The Retrospective Review, vol. x. 
 
 Batchelor, Thos. Village Scenes, 1804, 8vo. Ana 
 lysis of the English Language, 1809, 8vo. Agricult. of 
 Bedfordshire, 1806, Svo. See Donaldson's Agrict. Biog. 
 Batchilor, John. The Virgin's Pattern, Lon., 1661. 
 Bate, Edward. The Speculative and Practical 
 Atheist. Sermons on Rom. i. 20, 21, 1748, Svo. 
 
 Bate, George, M.D., 1608-1668, had the remarkable 
 fortune of being physician to Charles I., Cromwell, and 
 Charles II. He is quite as well known as an historian as 
 a professor of the healing art. He studied at Oxford ; suc 
 cessively at New College, Queen's College, and Edmund's 
 Hall. He contributed to de Rachitide, pub. Lon., 1650, 
 Svo. After his death, Shipton pub. Pharmacopoeia Bate- 
 ana, Lon., 1688. Dr. Wm. Salmon trans, this work into 
 English under the title of Bate's Dispensatory; it was 
 very popular, and ran through many editions. His prin 
 cipal work is an Account of the Rebellion, with a Narra 
 tive of the Regal and Parliamentary Privileges, entitled, 
 Elenchus Motuum nuperorum in Anglia simul ac Juris 
 Regis et Parliamentarii brevis narratio, Paris, 1649; 
 Franckfort, 1650, 4to. It was revised by Dr. Peter Hey- 
 ,lyn, who 
 
 " Made several observations on it, greatly tending to the honour 
 of the king and church." 
 
 Reprinted with additions to 1660, Lon., 1661, Svo; with 
 further additions to 1663, Svo; and with a third part by 
 Dr. Thomas Skinner, in 1676, Svo. The whole trans, into 
 English by Mr. Lovel, in 1685. 
 " A work worth reading." BISHOP WARBURTON. 
 It was answered by Robt. Pugh. Elenchus Elenchi, 
 sive Animadversiones in Elenchum M. Anglias, Paris, 
 1664, Svo. Pugh was an officer in the king's army. 
 
 " To which Bate made a reply, but, as his son had told me, he 
 did not publish it, only put it in MS. in the Cottonian Library; 
 and upon that report 1 did in my Hist. Antiq. Univ. Oxon. say as 
 much in the life of Dr. Bate. Whereupon Pugh, having had notice 
 of, or else had read it, he made a search after it in the said Library 
 (as he himself hath told me several times) but could not find it, 
 otherwise he would have made a rejoynder " WOOD. 
 
 Dr. Bate also wrote The Royal Apology ; or the Declara 
 tion of the Commons in Parliament, Feb. 11, 1647-48, 4to. 
 Bate, George. The Lives, Actions, and Execution 
 of the prime Actors and principal Contrivers of that horrid 
 Murder of our late pious and sacred Sovereign, King 
 Charles L, Lon., 1661. 
 
 " He is not to be understood to be the same with the doctor, but 
 another far inferior to him in all respects; on ethat run with the 
 mutable times, and had, after his majesty's Bestoration, endea 
 voured, by scribbling, to gain the favour of the royalists." WOOD. 
 Bate, Rev. Henry. See DUDLEY, Sm H. B. 
 

 BAT 
 
 Bate, James, 1703-1755, elder brother of Julius | 
 Bate, was admitted a pensioner of Corpus Christi Col 
 lege, Cambridge, in 1720. He took holy orders, and at 
 tended the Rt. Hon. Horace Walpole as chaplain, in his 
 embassy to Paris. In the preface to the second edition of 
 his Rationale, <fcc., 1766, he laments that 
 
 " It was his hard fate, in his younger years, to serve one of our 
 ambassadors as his chaplain at a foreign court." 
 
 His principal works are, Infidelity scourged, or Christi 
 anity vindicated against Chubb, &c., 1746, 8vo. An Essay 
 towards a Rationale of the literal doctrine of Original 
 Sin, <fcc., occasioned by some of Dr. Middleton's writings, 
 1752, 8vo. He also pub. several sermons, 1734-45. 
 
 Bate, John, d. 1429, a learned divine, was the author 
 of a number of works in grammar, logic, and divinity. 
 He studied at Oxford, where he was noted for his know 
 ledge of the Greek tongue. On leaving Oxford, he became 
 ! resident of the house of the Carmelite friars at York. Le- 
 and, Bale, and Pits enumerate 14 treatises by this author. 
 
 Bate, John. Relation of the Holland Fleet, <fcc., 
 1626, 4to. 
 
 Bate, John. Mysteries of Nature and Art, Lon., 
 1634, 4to. 
 
 Bate, Julius, b. about 1711, d. about 1771, a divine 
 of the Hutchinsonian school, pub. a number of theological j 
 works, principally in defence of his peculiar system of in 
 terpretation. We give the titles of some of them. An 
 Essay towards explaining the third chapter of Genesis, 
 and the Spiritual Sense of the Law, in answer to Mr. War- 
 burton, Lon., 1641, 8vo. 
 
 " This is a reply to Warburton's third proposition, which he cer 
 tainly succeeds in overturning; but there is too much refinement 
 of spiritualizing in his exposition." ORME. 
 
 The irascible prelate treated the champion of Hutchin- 
 son with but little ceremony : " one Bate, ... a zany to 
 a mountebank." The Philosophical Principles of Moses, 
 asserted against the Misrepresentations of David Jennings, 
 1744, 8vo. Remarks upon Mr. Warburton's Remarks, 
 showing that the Ancients knew there was a Future State, 
 <fcc., 1745, 8vo. An Inquiry into the Occasional and Stand 
 ing Similitudes of the Lord God, in the Old and New Tes 
 taments, 1756, 8vo. 
 
 "This mild Hutchinsonian is very angry with his humble ser 
 vants, the Reviewers, whom he calls Infidels and Scorpions ; but as 
 he treats the worthy Archdeacon of Northumberland as a mere 
 Jesuit, page 76,' we could not expect better words from him." 
 Monthly Review, 1756. See Review of Reviews, by the author of 
 this Dictionary, in Putnam's Mag., vol. i. p. 264, New York, 1853. 
 
 Critica Hebraica,or aHebrew English Dictionary, with 
 out points, <fcc., the whole supplying the place of a Com 
 mentary on the Words and more difficult Passages in the 
 Sacred Writings, 1767, 4to. In the preface Mr. Bate 
 warmly attacks the "hydra of pointing;" he commends 
 the courage of Capellus, "who ventured to encounter this 
 monster, and vanquished it, together with its renowned 
 advocate, Buxtorf." 
 
 Parkhurst quotes this work (and the Essay on the 
 Similitudes) with approbation, but it has never come into 
 general use as a Hebrew Dictionary. 
 
 " His work will doubtless be useful according to its plan, and to 
 the principles on which he proceeds. The followers of Mr. Hut- 
 chinson's system will not fail to pronounce it a Chef cFceuvre ; 
 while the Rationalists will consign it to a peaceful place on the 
 same undusted shelf on which the great Calasio reposes, undis 
 turbed, in the friendly arms of the Rev. Mr. Win. Romaine." 
 
 A New and Literal Translation from the Original He 
 brew of The Pentateuch of Moses, and of the Historical 
 Books of the Old and New Testament, to the end of the 
 Second Book of Kings, with Notes, Critical and Explana 
 tory, 1773, 4to. This work was the principal literary oc 
 cupation of its author for a great part of his life. What he 
 completed of the Old Testament was pub. two years after 
 his death. 
 
 " As a translation, It greatly fails in perspicuity, smoothness, 
 and grammatical accuracy. Many of the renderings are really 
 amusing. The Giants of Genesis, vi. 4, are, according to him, 
 'apostates.' The window of the ark, chapter vi. xvi., was to be 
 ' finished in an arm above.' At the commencement of the deluge, 
 ' the air cracks were opened,' and at the conclusion of it, the ' air 
 cracks were shut.' The notes are full of the peculiarities of his 
 system, and discover no correct acquaintance with the principles 
 of philology or enlightened criticism." ORME. 
 
 " Bate, by giving the Hebrew idiom too literally, has rendered 
 his version neither Hebrew nor English." LOWNDES. 
 
 " It is most certainly a new translation, and so very literal as 
 to be really unintelligible to a plain English reader." Monthly 
 Review. 
 
 Bate, R. B. On the Camera Lucida, Nic. Jour., 1809. 
 
 Bate, Randall. Certain Observations, 1630, 8vo. 
 
 Bate, Thomas. The duty of frequenting the pub- 
 lick service of the Church of England, wherein the beauty 
 
 BAT 
 
 and excellency of the Book of Common Prayer are ex 
 plained to the meanest capacities. In a dialogue between 
 a clergyman and his parishioners, pp. 42, 12mo, Lon., 1734. 
 Bate, James, Surgeon in Maryland. On the re 
 markable Alteration of Colour in a Negro Woman, Phil. 
 Trans., 1759. 
 
 Batecumbe, or Badecombe, William, an emi 
 nent mathematician of Oxford, nourished about the com 
 mencement of the 15th century. 1. De Sphaerge concavao 
 fabrica et usu. 2. De Sphaerae Solida. 3. De Operationc 
 Astrolabii. 4. Conclusiones Sophiaa. It is not known that 
 either of his works was printed. 
 
 Bateman, A. W. Serm. on Rom. i. 20, 21, Cant, 1746. 
 
 Bateman, Edmund. Sermons, 1738, '40, '41, '43. 
 
 Bateman, Joseph. Metropolitan Turnpike Act, 
 12mo, Lon., 1826. The Laws of Excise, 8vo, Lon., 1843. 
 " Mr. Bateman has collected more than 100 different statutes, 
 and added notes of decisions illustrative of them. Those most 
 competent to judge of its value, pronounce it a convenient and 
 able compilation, in which the writer's aptitude for his undertak 
 ing is apparent, and one that is worthy of his former reputation." 
 
 The General Turnpike Road Act, 3 Geo. IV., c. 126, 3d 
 ed. 120, Lon., 1836. 
 
 " This is a convenient manual of the Statutes relating to Turn 
 pike Roads in Great Britain. It is furnished with suitable forms 
 and an appendix of decisions upon the Statutes, and contains 
 other useful infoumation relative to the construction and manage 
 ment of roads." Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 Mr. Bateman is the author of several other valuable 
 legal treatises. 
 
 Bateman, James. Orchidaceae of Mexico and 
 Guatemala, 8 parts, elephant folio, 40 splendid plates, 
 Lon., 1837-43 ; pub. at 16 16*. 
 
 " This is without question the greatest botanical work of the 
 present age. Mr. Bateman has got it up perfectly regardless of 
 expense, and would be a considerable loser even had the edition 
 been published at double the price. Only one hundred copies 
 were printed, which were all subscribed for." 
 
 Bateman, Josiah. Sermons preached in India, Lon., 
 1839, 12mo. La Martiniere, <fcc., Lon., 1839, 8vo. 
 
 Bateman, R. T. Serm. on Regeneration, 1747, 8vo. 
 
 Bateman, Stephen. See BATMAN. 
 
 Bateman, Thomas, Chaplain to the Duke of Gor 
 don, and Vicar of Walpole, Lincoln. A Treatise on Tithe, 
 <fcc., Lon., 1778, 8vo. Appendix, 1779. New ed., 1808, 8vo. 
 Ecclesiastical patronage of the Church of England, Lon., 
 1782, 8vo. The Royal Eccle. Gazetteer, Lon., 1781, 12mo. 
 Sermons, 1778, 'SO. 
 
 Bateman, Thomas, M.D., 1778-1821, was born at 
 Whitby in Yorkshire. He enjoyed the great advantage of 
 pursuing his medical studies under the eminent Dr. Willan, 
 physician to the public dispensary in Carey street. When 
 Dr. Willan's health obliged him, in 1811, to depart for Ma 
 deira, Dr. Bateman succeeded to his extensive practice in 
 diseases of the skin. In 1813 he pub. A Practical Synopsis 
 of Cutaneous Diseases, according to the arrangement of 
 Dr. Willan, exhibiting a Concise View of the Diagnostic 
 Symptoms, and the Method of Treatment, Lon., 8vo, 3d 
 ed., 1814; 8th ed., 1836. This work was trans, into French, 
 German, and Italian. The Emperor of Russia was so 
 much pleased with this work that he sent the author a ring 
 of 100 guineas value. In 1815 the doctor pub. Delineations 
 of Cutaneous Diseases, comprised in the classification of 
 the late Dr. Willan, including the greater part of the En 
 gravings of that Author, in an improved state, and com 
 pleting the Series, as intended to have been finished by 
 him, Lon., 4to, 1815-17; 12 fasciculi pub. at 1 Is. each; 
 again Lon., 1840. 
 
 'Dr. Bateman' s valuable work has done more to extend the 
 knowledge of cutaneous diseases than any other that has ever ap 
 peared." DR. A. T. THOMSON. 
 
 " We consider it the only book extant that contains a compre 
 hensive yet explicit account and scientific arrangement of the dis 
 eases of the skin." Med. and Physical Journal, Nov.. 1813. 
 
 A Succinct Account of the Contagious Fever of this 
 Country, <fcc., Lon., 1818. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1810- 
 14. See Some Account of the Life and Character of Dr. 
 Bateman, Lon., 1826, 8vo. 
 
 Bates. Life of Henry of Whitechurch, 1712, 8vo. 
 
 Bates, David, an American poet, resident of Phila 
 delphia. The JEolian, a collection of Poems, Phila., 1848, 
 12mo. 
 
 Bates, Elisha. The Doctrine of Friends, or Quakers, 
 Providence, 1843, 12mo. 
 
 Bates, Ely. Observations on some important points 
 in Divinity, extracted from an Author, [Baxter,] of the 
 last century, Lon., 1793 ; 2d ed., with addit., 1811, 8vo. 
 Bickersteth considers this as a " middle course" between 
 the Armenians and the Calvinists. Christian Politics, 
 1802-06, 8vo. 
 
 " Useful. He adopts Baxter's sentiments." BICKERSTETH. 
 
BAT 
 
 Philosophy, 1803, 8vo; 2d ed., 1804. 
 Bates, Geo. Ferae. Sermon, 1814. 
 Bates, J. Sermon, 1707, 8vo. 
 
 Bates, Joah, 1740-1799, an eminent musical compo- 
 er, a Fellow and tutor of King's College, Cambridge. He 
 was the author of the celebrated ode, Here shall soft charity 
 repair. 
 
 Bates, John. Sermons, 1714. 
 
 Bates, Thomas. Enchiridions of Fevers incident to 
 Seaman, Lon., 1709, 8vo. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1718. 
 
 Bates, Thomas. Address to the Bd. of Agriculture, 
 <fcc., on improving the breed of Live Stock, Lon., 1808, 8vo. 
 Bates, William, D.D., 1625-1699, an eminent Puri 
 tan divine, studied in Emanuel College, and King's Col 
 lege, Cambridge. On the passing of the Act of Uniformity 
 in 1662, he retired from the Church. He pub. a number 
 of theological treatises, 1663-99. These were collected 
 and pub. in a folio vol. in the year after his decease, and 
 again in 1723. His principal works were, The Harmony 
 of the Divine Attributes in the Redemption of Man, 1697. 
 " Bates on the Attributes is too much confined to one, to answer 
 the purposes of a practical familiar treatise." BICKERSTETH. 
 Spiritual Reflection Unfolded and Enforced, 1699. 
 " In the Spiritual Reflection there is no leaning to fanaticism on 
 the one hand, or to lukewarmness on the other." Dr. J. Pye Smith, 
 in his introductory essay to an edition of this work, pub. in 1834, 
 " does ample justice both to the history and character of the author. 
 . . . This non-conformist divine is charming and elegant as a writer." 
 Bates was sometimes called the "silver-tongued," and 
 was reckoned the politest writer, if not the best scholar, of 
 the whole body of ministers who retired from the church 
 in 1662, on the passage of the Act of Uniformity, and 
 formed what is sometimes called the " Dissenting Interest." 
 Bickersteth remarks that he has "many happy similes." 
 Vitae Selectorum aliquot virorum qui Doctrina, Dignitate, 
 aut Pietate inclaruere, 1681. A valuable collection of 
 Lives : 32 in number. Discourse about the Four Last 
 Things, viz. : Death, Judgment, Heaven, and Hell, 1691. 
 
 " Perhaps the most elegant of Bates's works. . . . The Discourses 
 are admirable specimens of sound and practical theology, conveyed 
 in an elegant and most attractive style. Any one, however, who 
 reads it carefully, will find, that some of his best passages are just 
 the expansion of ideas picked up in the course of an extensive 
 study of the fathers. The same remark, indeed, applies to all his 
 works." 
 
 Bates, William, Fellow, Lect, and Heb. Lect. of 
 Ch. Coll., Camb. College Lectures on Eccles. History ; 
 with complete sets of Cambridge, Dublin, and Durham 
 University Examination papers, r. 12mo, Lon., 1844. Col 
 lege Lectures on Christian Antiquities, <fcc., r. 12mo, Lon., 
 1845. 
 
 Bateson, or Batson, Peter. Draining of Marsh, 
 Lon., 1700, 4to. Navigation of Lyn, Ac., 1720, 8vo. 
 
 Bateson, Thomas. A writer of Madrigals ; organist 
 of Chester Cathedral about the year 1600. 
 Bath, Earl of. See PULTENEY, WILLIAM. 
 Bath,Robt, Surgeon. Profess, works, Lon., 1777-1805. 
 Bathe,Wm., 1564-1614, a learned Jesuit, born in Dub 
 lin, was professor of languages at the University of Sala 
 manca. An Introduction to the Art of Music, Lon., 1584, 
 4to. Janua Linguarum, Salam., 1611. He also pub. several 
 theological treatises. 
 
 Bather, Edward, 1779-1847, Archdeacon of Salop, 
 of Oriel Coll., Oxford. Sermons, chiefly practical, 3 vols. 
 8vo, Lon.: vol. i., 3d ed.,1840; vol. ii.,1829; vol. iii., 1840. 
 Hints on Catechizing; 2d ed., 1849. Thoughts on the De 
 mand for Separation of Church and State, Lon., 1834, 8vo. 
 He also pub. 14 charges and some separate sermons. 
 Bathie, Arch., Surgeon. Con. to Med. Com., 1775. 
 Bathurst, Henry, 1744-1837, Bishop of Norwich, 
 educated at Winchester and New Coll., Oxf. A Charge, 
 1806; do., 1815. Sermons, 1794, 1810. A Letter to Wm. 
 Wilberforce, 1818. See Memoirs by Archdeacon Bathurst, 
 2 vols. 8vo, 1837, and Supplement to do., 1842, 8vo ; also 
 Memoirs and Correspondence, by his Daughter, 8vo. 
 
 Bathurst, Henry, Earl Bathurst, 1714-1794. The 
 Case of Miss Swordfeger, Lon.,4to. Theory of Evidence, 8 vo. 
 Bathurst, Ralph, 1620-1704, a clergyman, physician, 
 and poet, educated at Trinity Coll., Oxf., was named by 
 William and Mary to the Bishopric of Bristol, but declined 
 the preferment. He was President of Trinity College, and 
 Vice-chancellor of the University. Diatribae Theologicse, 
 Philosophic^, et Philologicae ; read in the college hall, 
 1649. Dr. Derham attributes to him a pamphlet, entitled 
 News from the Dead. pub. 1651 ; and Carrere gives him 
 credit for the authorship of Prselectiones tres de Respira- 
 tione, Oxon., 1654. As a classical scholar Dr. Bathurst was 
 very eminent. His iambics prefixed to Holles's Treatise 
 of Human Nature, pub. 1650, have been greatly admired. 
 
 BAT 
 
 " His Latin Orations are wonderful specimens of wit and anti 
 thesis, which were the delight of his age. They want, upon the 
 whole, the purity and simplicity of Tully's eloquence, but even 
 exceed the sententious smartness of Seneca and the surprising 
 turns of Pliny. . . . That pregnant brevity which constitutes the 
 dignity and energy of the iambic, seems to have been his talent." 
 Life by Warton. 
 
 " Although he maintained the most exact discipline in his col 
 lege, his method of instruction chiefly consisted in turning the 
 faults of the delinquent scholars into ridicule, in which expedient 
 he always effectually succeeded; all the young students admired 
 and loved him." EARL OF BATHURST, nephew to the Doctor. 
 
 See Biog. Brit.; Wood's Athen. Oxon.; History of 
 Oxford. 
 
 Bathurst, Theodore, a student of Pembroke Coll., 
 Cambridge, trans, into Latin verse Spenser's Shepherd's 
 Calendar, pub. 1653, by Dr. Dillingham, of Emanuel 
 College. This trans, was highly commended by Sir Rich. 
 Fanshawe. 
 
 Batley, Samuel. Maximum in Minimo. 
 Batman, or Bateman, Stephen, d. 1587, a divine 
 and a poet of considerable note, is said to have been a 
 native of Bruton, in Somersetshire. He studied philoso 
 phy and divinity at Cambridge, and became chaplain and 
 librarian to Archbishop Parker. In 1569 he pub. 1. The 
 Travayled Pilgrime, bringing Newes from all Parts of 
 the Worlde, such like scarce harde before, 4to. [Lon., 
 I by John Denham.] Black Letter, with 20 wood-cuts. 
 i This is an allegorical-theological romance of the life of 
 man, in verse of 14 syllables, introducing historical inci 
 dents and characters relative to the reigns of Henry VIIL, 
 Edward VI., Queens Mary and Elizabeth. Sold at Sothe- 
 I by's, in 1821, for 29 18s. 6d. ; resold, Perry, pt. i. 618, for 
 26 15s. 6d. 
 
 2. A Christall Glasse of Christian Reformation, London, 
 
 by John Day, 1569, 4to. With many wood cuts. Joyfull 
 
 | Newes out of Helvetia, Ac., 1575, 8vo. 3. Golden Booke 
 
 of the Leaden Goddes, &c., 1577, 4to, dedicated to Lord 
 
 Henry Gary. 
 
 " Shakspeare is supposed to have consulted this book, which may 
 be considered as the first attempt towards a Pantheon, or descrip 
 tion of the Heathen Gods." 
 
 4. A Preface before John Rogers's Displaying of the 
 
 Family of Love, 1579, 8vo. 5. Doome warning all Men 
 
 to Judgement; In maner of a generate Chronicle, 1581, 
 
 4to. 6. Of the Arrivall of the 3 Graces in Anglia, lament- 
 
 ] ing the Abuses of the Present Age, 4to, sine anno. 7. 
 
 j Notes to Leland's Assertio Arthur!, trans, by Richard Ro- 
 
 j binson, sine anno. 8. Batman vpon Bartholome his Book 
 
 De Proprietatibus Rerum, newly corrected, enlarged, and 
 
 amended, fol., 1582. See BARTHOLOM^EUS ANGLICTJS, in 
 
 this volume. Batman revelled in his patron's library in the 
 
 true Dominie Sampson spirit : he tells us that he increased 
 
 its treasures by six thousand seven hundred books in four 
 
 years ; and more than one thousand manuscripts collected 
 
 by his pains bore witness to his laudable zeal. 
 
 "First by conference with Master Steuen Batman, a learned 
 preacher and friendlie fauourer of vertue and learning, touching 
 I the praise worthie progenie of this K. Arthure, he gave me this 
 1 assured knowledge on this maner taken out of his auncient re 
 cords written at Aualonia." Robinson's trans, of Leland's Arthure. 
 Batmanson, John, d. 1531, a Roman Catholic di 
 vine, studied divinity at Oxford. He wrote against the 
 doctrines of the Reformation. 1. Animadversions in An- 
 notationes Erasmi in Novum Testamentum. 2. A Trea 
 tise against some of M. Luther's writings. 3. Comnien- 
 taria in Proverbia Salomonis. 4. In Cantica Canticorum. 
 5. De Unica Magdelena, contra Fabrum Stapulensem. 6. 
 Institutiones Noviciorum. 7. De Contempti Mundi. 8. 
 De Christo duodenni ; A Homily on Luke ii. 42. 9. On 
 the words " Missus est" &c. It is supposed that several 
 of these works were never printed. 
 
 " John Batmanson controverted Erasmus's Commentary on the 
 New Testament with a degree of spirit and erudition, which was 
 unhappily misapplied, but would have done honour to the cause 
 of his antagonist in respect to the learning displayed." WARTO.Y. 
 Bale, Pits, Tanner, Biog. Brit., Athen. Oxon., Dodd's 
 Ch. History, Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Batt, C. W. Diss. on Luke vii. 19. 2d ed., 12mo, 
 Lon., 1789. 
 
 Batt, Michael. Sermon, 1 Cor. iv. 21, 1686, 4to. 
 Batt, Wm., 1744-1812, educated at Oxford, Con. Me- 
 moirs to Trans. Med. Soc. of E. of Genoa. 
 
 Batt, Wm. Sermon, Matt. xii. 25, 1754, 4to. 
 Battel, Andrew. See his Adventures, written from 
 his dictation by Purchas : Collec. of Voyages, vol. 2d. 
 Battell, Ralph. Sermons, 1683-94. 
 Battely, John, D.D., 1647-1708, an antiquary of 
 note, was Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, chaplain 
 to Archbp. Sancroft, and afterwards Archdeacon of Can 
 terbury. In 1711 Dr. Thomas Terry pub. Dr. B.'a Anti- 
 
BAT 
 
 BAX 
 
 quitates Rutupinae, 8vo. The subject is the ancient state 
 of the Isle of Thanet. 
 
 " It gives the reader a most entertaining account of the ancient 
 Rutupinae and Regulbium, with other cities and ports on the coast 
 of Kent, well known to the Romans, whose money and utensils 
 are here daily discovered, and were plentifully collected by the 
 curious author." Bp. Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Library. 
 
 A second ed. was pub. in 1745 with the author's Anti- 
 quitates Edmondburgi, an unfinished history of his native 
 place, and its ancient monastery, down to the year 1272. 
 In 1774 John Buncombe pub. a trans, of the Antiquitates 
 Rutupinse, under the title of The Antiquities of Richbo- 
 rough and Reculver, abridged from the Latin of Mr. 
 Archdeacon Battely, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 Battely, Nicholas, brother to the above, edited an 
 improved ed. of Somner's Antiquities of Canterbury, and 
 wrote some papers and accounts of Eastbridge Hospital in 
 Canterbury, pub. in Strype's Life of Whitgift. 
 
 Batterfield, R. A work on the Church of Rome. 
 
 Battersby, John. Tell Tale Sofas, 1814. 
 
 Battersiej John. Acct. of a Discourse, Lon., 1714. 
 
 Batteson, Philip. God's Revenge against Murder 
 and Adultery remarkably displayed in Thirty Tragical 
 Histories, Lon., 1779, 4to. 
 
 Battie, William. Sermons, 1678, 8vo. 
 
 Battie, William, M.D., 1774-1776, was educated at 
 Eton, and at King's College, Cambridge. In 1729 he pub. 
 Isocrates' Orationes Septem et Epistolse, Cantab., 8vo. A 
 2d ed., more complete than the first, was pub. in 2 vols., 
 1749, 8vo. De Principiis Animalibus Exercitationes, in 
 Coll. Reg. Medicorum, Lon., 1751, 4to. A Treatise on 
 Madness, Lon., 1758, 4to. Aphorism!, <fcc., Lon., 1760, 
 4to. In 1750 Battie took part in the controversy between 
 the Royal Coll. of Phys. and Dr. Schomberg. He was 
 made the subject of severe ridicule in the Battiad, of 
 which Paul Whitehead, Moses Mendez, and Dr. Schom 
 berg, were the authors. He was also engaged in a dispute 
 with Dr. John Mouro. 
 
 Batting, John. Chirurgical Facts, Ac., Oxf., 1760, 8vo. 
 
 Battishill, Jonathan, 1738-1801, an eminent mu 
 sician and composer, author of the well-known glee, Un 
 derneath this Myrtle shade, and other admired pieces. 
 
 Batty, Adam. Serm., 1728. 26 Serms., 1739, 2 
 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Batty, Barth. The Christian Man's Closet, <fec., col 
 lected in Latin ; Englished by W. Louth, Lon., 1581-82, 4to. 
 
 Batty, E. Reports of Cases in C. of K. Bench in Ire 
 land, 1825-26, Dub., 1828. 
 
 Batty, Joseph. Sermon on Gal. i. 1. 
 
 Batty, R., M.D. The Med. and Phys. Journal, con 
 ducted by Drs. Batty, Bradley, and Noehden. 
 
 Batty, or Baty, Richard, d. 1758. Serms. 1750, '1, '6. 
 
 Batty, Lt. Col. Robt. Campaigne, &c. f 1813-14. 
 Lt. Col. B. has pub. several works on Scenery, illustrated by 
 his own drawings. See Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual. 
 
 Batty, Wm., M.D. Con. to Annals of Med. 1801. 
 
 Battye, Thos. A Disclosure, <fcc., Manches., 1796, 8vo. 
 The Red Basil Book, or Parish Register, <fec., 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Bauer, F. Horticult. "Works, Lon., 1796, 1813. 
 
 Baughe, Thos. A Summons to Judgment; A Ser 
 mon, Lon., 1614, 4to. 
 
 Bavaunde, W. Trans. The Good Orderynge of a 
 Commoneweale, <fcc., Lon., 1559, 4to. 
 
 Baverstock, J. Works on Brewing, Lon., 1785-92. 
 1812. 
 
 Bauthnmley, Jacob. Theolog. Works, Lon., 1650-76. 
 
 Bawden, Wm., d. 1816, an English clergyman, un 
 dertook a trans, of Domesday Book, which was to be con 
 tained in 10 vols. He only lived to complete 2 vols., pub. 
 Lon., 1809, '12, 4to. 
 
 Baxter, Alexander. Con. to Phil. Trans. Abr., 1787. 
 
 Baxter, Andrew, b. about 1686, d. 1750, was born 
 at Old Aberdeen in Scotland, and educated at the univer 
 sity of this town. His time was usefully employed as pri 
 vate tutor to young gentlemen. Among his pupils were Lord 
 Grey, Lord Blantyre, and Mr. Hay of Drummelzier. With 
 the latter he travelled, and resided from 1741 to 1747 on 
 the continent. He pub. An Enquiry into the Nature of the 
 Human Soul, wherein its immateriality is evinced from the 
 Principles of Reason and Philosophy, Lon. 4to, sine anno; 
 2d ed., 1737, 2 vols. 8vo ; 3d ed., 1745, 2 vols. 8vo. In 1750 
 was pub. an appendix to his Enquiry, in which he answers 
 some objections of Maclaurin's. To this appendix is pre 
 fixed a dedication to the well known, or we should rather 
 say widely known, John Wilkes. In 1779 Rev. Dr. Dun 
 can pub. The Evidence of Reason in proof of the Immor 
 tality of the Soul, independent on the more abstruse In 
 quiry into the Nature of Matter and Spirit : collected from 
 
 the MSS. of Mr. Baxter, Lon., 8vo. He drew up for the 
 use of his pupils and his son, a piece entitled Matho, sive 
 Cosmotheoria puerilis Dialogus, <fcc., Lon,, 1740, 2 vols. 
 8vo. This work enlarged was pub. in English in 1745 ; 
 Matho, Ac., wherein from the Phenomena of the Material 
 World, briefly explained, the principles of Natural Reli 
 gion are deduced and demonstrated, Lon. 2 vols. 8vo ; 3d 
 ed. 1765. Baxter's treatise on the soul has been highly 
 commended. 
 
 " He who would see the justest and precisest notions of God, 
 and the soul, may read this book ; one of the most finished of the 
 kind, in my humble opinion, that the present times, greatly ad 
 vanced in true philosophy, have produced." BP. WARBURTON. 
 
 Baxter builds his reasoning upon the principle of the 
 via inertice of matter. Hume objects to his system, with 
 out naming him, in his Enquiry concerning Human Under 
 standing. We have seen that Baxter did not live to com 
 plete his design. 
 
 "I own if it had been the will of Heaven, I would gladly have 
 lived till I had put in order the second part of the Inquiry, show 
 ing the immortality of the human soul ; but infinite wisdom can 
 not be mistaken in calling me sooner. Our blindness makes us 
 form wishes." Letter to John Wilkes. 
 
 " Mr. Baxter endeavours to prove that dreams are produced by 
 the agency of some spiritual beings, who either amuse, or employ 
 themselves seriously, in engaging mankind in all those imaginary 
 transactions with which they are employed in dreaming." 
 
 " Baxter's Inquiry displays considerable ingenuity, as well as 
 learning. Some of the remarks on Berkeley's argument against 
 the existence of matter are acute and j ust. and. at the time when 
 they were published, had the merit of novelty." DUG ALD STEWART. 
 
 Baxter, Benjamin. A Posing Question by Solomon, 
 of making a Judgment of Temporal Conditions ; in seve 
 ral Sermons on Eccles. viii. 12, Lon., 1661, 8vo. 
 
 Baxter, J. Toil for Two-legged Foxes, Lon., 1600, 8vo. 
 
 Baxter^ John. Wiltshire Farmer, Lon., Svo; Agri 
 cultural Gleaner, p. 8vo ; Library of Practical Agriculture, 
 1834, 8vo, 4th ed. enlarged, 1846, 2 vols. roy. 8vo. 
 
 " It contains much useful matter that is interesting to the for 
 mer and gardener. ... Its deservings are above mediocrity." 
 Donaldson's Agricult. Biography. 
 
 Baxter, John A. The Church History of England, 
 from the Introduction of Christianity into Britain to the 
 Present Time, 2d ed., Lon., 1849, 8vo. 
 
 " We have examined with pleasure the Church History of Eng 
 land, by the Rev. J. A. Baxter, M. A. It is fairly written, with con 
 siderable ability, and will prove a serviceable manual to the stu 
 dent." Oh. of England Magazine. 
 
 Baxter, Joseph, 1676-1745, minister of Medfield, 
 Massachusetts, pub. Sermons, 1727-29. 
 
 Baxter, N. A. Soueraigne Salue for a Sinfull Soule, 
 &c., Lon., 1585, 8vo. 
 
 Baxter, R. A. Paraphrase on the N. Test., 1810, 8vo. 
 
 Baxter, Richard, 1615-1691, a celebrated Noncon 
 formist divine, was a native of Rowton in Hampshire. 
 In 1638 he was ordained by Bishop Thornborough, and 
 two years later was chosen vicar of Kidderminster. On 
 the breaking out of the civil war, he desired to remain 
 neutral; but suspecting the ambitious designs of parlia 
 ment, he resolved " to repair instantly to the army, and 
 use his utmost endeavours to bring the soldiers back to 
 the principles of loyalty to the king, and submission to 
 the church." When Cromwell was declared protector, he 
 bravely " withstood him to the face," telling him that " the 
 honest people of the land took their ancient monarchy to 
 be a blessing, and not an evil." Whilst chaplain to Colonel 
 Whalley's regiment, he wrote his best-known work, The 
 Saint's Rest. The Act of Uniformity of 1662 drove him 
 from that church of which he had been so useful a mem 
 ber. In the same year he married Margaret, daughter of 
 Francis Charleton, Esq., of Shropshire, a magistrate. In 
 1682 this excellent man was seized for coming within five 
 miles of a corporate town; again, in 1684, he was sub 
 jected to the same ill usage, and indeed for years his life 
 was harassed by these unchristian persecutions. In May, 
 1684-85,he was tried before Lord-chief-justice Jeffreys upon 
 a charge of sedition, founded upon his Notes on the New 
 Testament. On this occasion, Jeffreys displayed his usual 
 brutality. When Baxter asked for time, this upright judge 
 exclaimed, 
 
 " I will not give him a moment's more time to save his life. 
 Yonder stands Gates in the pillory with him. I would say two 
 of the greatest rogues and rascals in the kingdom stood there." 
 
 When Baxter endeavoured to speak 
 
 "Richard! Richard!" ejaculated the judge, "dost thou think 
 we'll hear thee poison the court ? Richard, thou art an old fellow, 
 an old knave; thou hast written books enough to load a cart 
 Hadst thou been whipt out of thy writing trade forty years ago, 
 it had been happy." 
 
 Jeffreys would gladly have inflicted the whipping now, 
 through the streets of the city, but the other judge had less 
 brutality; and the sentence was only a fine of 500 marks, 
 imprisonment till paid, and bonds for good behaviour for 
 
BAX 
 
 seven years ! But Lord Powis,a nobleman (in-deed) of the 
 Roman Catholic Church, exerted himself successfully to 
 have the fine remitted, and he was liberated after an im 
 prisonment of about eighteen months. The remaining 
 five years of his life were unmolested by his persecutors. 
 He continued preaching until December, 1691, when he 
 died " in great peace and joy." 
 
 Among his best known works are : 1. The Saint's Ever 
 lasting Rest, Lon., 1650. 2. A Call to the Unconverted, 
 Lon., 1669. 3. Christian Directory, Lon., 1673. 4. The 
 Poor Man's Family Book, Lon., 1674. 5. The Cure of Me 
 lancholy, <fcc., Lon., 1683. 6. A Paraphrase on the New 
 Testament, Lon., 1685. 7. Dying Thoughts, Lon., 1688. 
 8 Reliquiae Baxterianaa, or his own Narrative of his Life 
 and Times, pub. by M. Sylvester, Lon., 1696, fol. He is 
 said to have been the author of above 120 books, (Watt 
 enumerates 112,) and to have had more than half that 
 number written against him. 
 
 A collection of his Discourses was pub. in 1707, 4 vols. 
 fol. He was a deeply learned and most holy man. Lord 
 William Russell, before his execution, sent to Baxter his 
 hearty thanks for his Dying Thoughts. 
 
 " Such have made me better acquainted with the other world 
 than I was before, and have not a little contributed to my support 
 and relief, and to the fitting me for what I am to go through." 
 
 20,000 copies of the Call to the Unconverted were sold 
 in a twelvemonth, and it was translated into all the Euro 
 pean languages, and into one of the dialects of India. 
 He is said to 
 
 " Have preached more sermons, engaged in more controversies, 
 and written more boots, than any other Nonconformist of the age." 
 In his efforts for the spiritual welfare of his flock, he 
 was a bright example to all ministers : 
 
 " Visiting from house to house, prevailing on them almost uni 
 versally to practise FAMILY PRATER, and instrumentally effecting 
 a great reform among them." 
 
 Bishop Stillingfleet speaks of him as 
 " Our reverend and learned Mr. Baxter." 
 
 " A person of great devotion and piety, and of a very subtile and 
 quick apprehension." BISHOP BURNET. 
 
 Bishop Patrick refers to " his learned and pious endea 
 vours ;" and he had the esteem and friendship of many 
 great and worthy men, as Chief Justice Hale, Archbishop 
 Tillotson, the Earl of Lauderdale, <fcc. Dr. Manton thought 
 he came nearest the apostolical writings of any man of his 
 age. Archbishop Usher importuned him to write on the 
 subject of Conversion. Dr. Barrow declared, 
 
 " His practical writings were never mended, his controversial, 
 seldom refuted." 
 
 " His books, for their number and variety of matter, make a li 
 brary. They contain a rich treasure of controversial, casuistical, 
 positive, and practical divinity." DR. BATES. 
 
 " The best method of forming a correct opinion of Baxter's la 
 bours for the press, is by comparing them with some of his breth 
 ren who wrote a great deal. The works of Bishop Hall amount to 
 10 vols. 8vo ; Lightfoot's extend to 13 ; Jeremy Taylor's to 15 ; Dr. 
 Goodwin's would make about 20 ; Dr. Owen's extend to 28 ; Bax 
 ter's, if printed in a uniform edition, would not be comprised in 
 less than SIXTY VOLUMES 1" 
 
 " He was the fittest man of the age for a casuist, because he 
 feared no man's displeasure, nor hoped for any man's preferment." 
 HON. ROBT. BOYLE. 
 
 " Baxter's work on the New Testament, like most of his practi 
 cal divinity, is plain, forcible, and improving." GIRDLESTONE. 
 
 " It is rather of a practical than a critical nature. It is designed 
 not so much for the use of the learned, ' as of religious families in 
 their daily reading of the Scriptures, and of the poorer sort of 
 scholars, and ministers, who want fuller helps.' To such, the work 
 is fitted to be useful ; but even others will find occasionally some 
 very important suggestions, and the true meaning of a difficult 
 passage pointed out with no parade of learning." ORME. 
 
 " The annotations at the end of the chapters are, for the most 
 part, very short, and contain much sound sense and piety." T. 
 
 II. HORNE. 
 
 " It is very plain, but with much piety and good sense. Baxter 
 was a truly pious and practical writer, with lively views of eter 
 nity." BlCKERSTETH. 
 
 The same critic considers our author's Catholic Theology as 
 "well calculated to abate self-conceit. An extensive view of dif 
 ferent opinions :" his " Reasons of the Christian Religion is a pow 
 erful treatise :" his " Church History of the Government of Bishops, 
 contains much information respecting the errors of Councils, taken 
 from Binnius and Crabbe :" his " Narrative of his Life and Times 
 is a very instructive and entertaining work, respecting one of the 
 most interesting periods of English History. Allowance should 
 be made for the imperfection of every human writer, and for his 
 peculiarities. Bitter animadversions were published on this work 
 in 1696, entitled Vindiciaj Anti-Baxterianse." 
 
 " He must be very wise or very stupid to whom Baxter can im 
 part no instruction." ORME. 
 
 " His books of Practical Divinity have been effectual for more 
 numerous conversions of sinners to God, than any printed in our 
 time; and while the church remains on earth, will be of continual 
 efficacy to recover lost souls." DR. BATES. 
 
 Dr. Calamy says of The Saint's Everlasting Rest, 
 
 ''This is the book for which multitudes will have cause to bless 
 
 BAX 
 
 God for ever. . . . The examples of heavenly meditation which 
 Baxter gives, really breathe of heaven ; and the importance of such 
 meditation as a duty, and as a means of spiritual growth, is admi 
 rably set forth, and most powerfully enforced." 
 
 A celebrated critic remarks of Gildas Salvianus, or Re 
 formed Pastor, 
 
 "In the whole compass of divinity, there is scarcely any thing 
 superior to this valuable practical treatise, in close pathetic ap 
 peals to the conscience of the minister of Christ upon the primary 
 duties of his office. The main object is to press the necessity of his 
 bringing home the truth of the Gospel to every individual of his 
 flock, by affectionate, cathechetical instruction." 
 
 Dr. Samuel Clarke considered our author's Reasons of 
 the Christian Religion as one of the most masterly per 
 formances on the subject of any in the English language. 
 
 " In it Baxter examines Lord Herbert's book, On Truth, and 
 furnishes some ingenious, judicious, and valuable remarks by way 
 of answer." BOGUE. 
 
 " Baxter's Reasons contain an able statement of the evidences." 
 
 BlCKERSTETH. 
 
 His Key for Catholics to open the Juggling of the Je 
 suits has been commended as 
 
 " A masterly refutation of the errors and peculiar dogmas and 
 a thorough exposure of all the deceitful arts of the Romish Church 
 and Jesuitism." 
 
 His Church History of Bishops, and Treatise on Epis 
 copacy, 
 
 " Are among the best of Baxter's writings which have not been 
 republished, and well deserve the attention of inquirers into the 
 affairs of the Church." ORME. 
 
 " His vouchers are beyond all exception." WESLEY. 
 
 " There is a living energy and spirit in the practical writings of 
 Baxter, which the reader seldom meets with in any other author. 
 His appeals to the conscience are often mighty and irresistible." 
 Williams' s Christian Preacher. 
 
 " Baxter wrote as in the view of eternity ; but generally judi 
 cious, nervous, spiritual, and evangelical, though often charged 
 with the contrary. He discovers a manly eloquence, and the most 
 evident proofs of an amazing genius, with respect to which he may 
 not improperly be called the English Demosthenes." Doddridge's 
 Lect. on Preaching. 
 
 " Pray read with great attention Baxter's Life of himself; it is 
 an inestimable work. There is no substitute for it in a course of 
 study for a clergyman or public man ; I could almost as soon doubt 
 the Gospel verity as Baxter's veracity." COLERIDGE. 
 
 Dr. Dibdin describes Baxter as 
 
 " A divine of a most capricious, yet powerful and original, mind. 
 What Prynne was in law and history, Baxter was in theology : as 
 the similarity, in point of quaintness, in the titles of their re 
 spective works, testifies." 
 
 " Baxter is my particular favourite : it is impossible to tell you 
 how much I am charmed with the devotion, good sense, and pa 
 thos, which is everywhere to be found in him." DODDRIDGE. 
 
 " He cultivated every subject he handled, and if he had lived in 
 the primitive time, he had been one of the fathers of the church. 
 It was enough for one age to produce such a person." BISHOP 
 WILKINS. 
 
 " His life contains much useful matter, and many valuable par 
 ticulars of the time of Charles I." WILBERFORCE. 
 
 Boswell records the opinion of his great friend : 
 
 " I asked him what works of Richard Baxter's I should read. Ho 
 said ' Read any of them ; they are all good.'" Another of John 
 son's friends tells us that the doctor " thought Baxter's Reasons of 
 the Christian Religion contained the best collection of the evidences 
 of the divinity of the Christian system." 
 
 Works with life, by Rev. Wm. Orme, Lon., 1830, 23 vols. 
 8vo, 12 12s. Qd. Practical works, Lon., 1847, 4 vols. imp. 
 8vo, 3 3. Qd. 
 
 Baxter, Thomas. The Circle squared, Lon., 1732, 
 8vo. Matho, or the Principles of Astronomy & N. Philos., 
 accommodated to the Use of Younger Persons, Lon., 1740, 
 8vo. Once a popular work. 
 
 Baxter, Thomas. An Illustration of the Egyptian, 
 Grecian, and Rom. Costume, with Descrip., Lon., 1810, 8vo. 
 
 Baxter, William, 1650-1723, born at Llangollen, in 
 Shropshire, was a nephew of the celebrated Richard Baxter. 
 He became a proficient in antiquarian investigations and 
 in the dead languages. In 1679 he pub. a Latin Gram 
 mar; and in 1695 an ed. of Anacreon, which was reprinted 
 in 1710 with improvements, which are said to be taken 
 from the ed. of Joshua Barnes, pub. in 1705. In 1701 
 appeared his celebrated ed. of Horace ; the 2d ed. of which 
 was pub. in 1725. Dr. Harwood praises Baxter's ed. as 
 
 " By far the best edition of Horace ever published. I have read 
 it many times through, and know its singular worth. England 
 has not produced a more elegant or judicious critic than Baxter." 
 
 Gesner's Horace was based upon Baxter's, and Bishop 
 Lowth pronounced the 2d ed. of Gesner's, pub. in 1772, 
 the best ed. of Horace ever delivered to the world. Mr. 
 Baxter was engaged in several otlrer literary labours. In 
 1719 was pub. a portion of his Glossarium Antiquitatum 
 Britannicarum ; the whole of this work was pub. before 
 his death at the expense of that ornament to literature, as 
 well as to the healing art, Dr. Richard Mead. That which 
 relates to the letter A was reprinted in the Reliquiae Bax- 
 terianse. His etymologies in this work are often correct 
 and undeniable, but some are capricious. 
 
BAX 
 
 BAY 
 
 " His conjectures will sometimes appear to be too bold, and too 
 much out of the common road ; but more often surprisingly in 
 structive, and always pleasant and diverting to either a British or 
 Irish Antiquary." BISHOP NICOLSON. 
 
 Baxter, William. British Phoenogamous Botany, 
 6 vols. Svo, 5 15. ; coloured plates, 9, Lon., 1843. 
 
 Baxter, W. E. 1. America and Americans, Lon., 
 12mo. 2. Impressions of Central and Southern Europe, 
 Svo. 3. Travels in Portugal, Spain, Italy, 1850-51, 2 vols. 
 p. 8vo. 
 
 Bay, E. H. Reports of Cases in Superior Courts of 
 Law in S. Carolina since the Revolution; 2d ed., 2 vols. 
 8vo, New York, 1809-11. 
 
 Bay, W. Work on the Dysentery, N. York, 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Bayard, Elise Justine, d. in New York, was the 
 wife of Fulton Cutting, Esq., contributed a number of 
 poetical pieces to the periodicals of the day, The Literary 
 World, The Knickerbocker, &c. 
 
 "The amateur votary has shewn a vigor of thought, emotion, 
 and expression in some of her productions which gives the highest 
 promise of what she may accomplish should she devote her fine 
 intelligence to literature." Griswold's Female Poets of America. 
 
 " The few poems that she has published are enough to entitle 
 her to take a high rank among the poetesses of our country." 
 Woman's Record, 
 
 Bayard, James. A Brief Exposition of the Consti 
 tution of the United States, &c., 12mo, Philadelphia, 1833. 
 
 Bayard, James A., 1767-1815, a native of Phila 
 delphia. A speech of this distinguished American states 
 man on the Foreign Intercourse Bill was pub. in 1798, and 
 his speech on the Repeal of the Judiciary in a. vol. of the 
 speeches delivered in this controversy, pub. in 1802. 
 
 Bayard, Samuel. An Abstract of the Laws of the 
 United States which relate chiefly to the Duties and Au 
 thority of the Judges of the Inferior State Courts, and 
 the Justices of the Peace throughout the Union, 8vo, 
 New York, 1834. A Digest of American Cases on the Law 
 of Evidence, intended as notes to Peake's Compendium of 
 the Law of Evidence, 8vo, Philadelphia, 1810. 
 
 " It does not appear that these notes were ever inserted in an 
 edition of the book for which they were designed. After their first 
 preparation, the notes were expanded and published in their pre 
 sent form. These abstracts of cases, arranged under appropriate 
 titles, have long since, in substance, been incorporated into other 
 works upon the law of evidence." Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 Bayes, Joshua, 1671-1761, a Presbyterian minister, 
 was one of the writers who completed Matthew Henry's 
 Commentary on the Holy Scriptures. He pub. a work 
 against Popery, 1735, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Bayes, Rev. Thomas. Con. to Phil. Trans. Abr., 
 1763, etc. 
 
 Bayfield, Mrs. Fugitive Poems, 1805. Gleanings, 
 &c., 1806. 
 
 Bayfield, R. Bulwarke of Truth, Ac., Lon., 1657, Svo. 
 
 Bayfield, Robt. Med. works, Lon., 1655, 62, '3, '8, '77. 
 
 Bayford, A. F. Report, &c., Office of the Judge, 
 Lon., 1845, Svo. Argument against the Bp. of Exeter, on 
 behalf of Rev. G. C. Gorham, 2d ed., Lon., 1849, Svo. 
 
 Bayford, David. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1789. 
 
 Bayford, Thos. Medical treatises, Lon., 1767-72. 
 
 Bayldon, J. S. Treatise on the Poor Rate, 2d ed., 
 Lon., 1834, Svo. The Art of Valuing Rents and Tillages, 
 <fcc., 1825, Svo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Baylee, Joseph. The Institutions of the Church 
 of England are of Divine Authority, 3d ed., improved, sm. 
 Svo, Dubl., 1838. 
 
 Bayley, R. B. The Sorrows of Eliza, Lon., 1811, Svo. 
 
 Bayley, C., D.D. The Christian's Choice, Manch., 
 1801, 12mo. 
 
 Bayley, Catherine. Vacation Evenings, 1809, 3 
 vols. 12rao. Zadig and Astarte, from the French of Vol 
 taire, 1810, Svo. 
 
 Bayley, Cornelius. Theolog. works, Ac., Lon., 
 1782, '85, '86. An Easy Entrance into the Sacred Lan 
 guage, <fcc., Lon., 1782, Svo. 
 
 Bayley, Edward, M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1736. 
 
 Bayley, Fr. On Fines and Recoveries, Lon., 1828, Svo. 
 
 Bayley, Francis. Funeral Sermons, 1660, 4to. 
 
 Bayley, Frederick W. N. B., 1807-1852, British 
 
 journalist, first editor of Illustrated London News. 1. 
 
 Four Years' Residence in the West Indies, 1830. 2. New 
 
 Tale of a Tub, in Verse, 16mo and 4to. 3. Tales of the 
 
 Late Revolution, 12mo. 4. Wake of Ecstasy; a Poem, 
 
 4to. 5. Little Red Riding Hood. 6. Blue Beard, <tc. 
 
 Bayley, George. Guide to the Tongue, 1804, fol. 
 The Young Mathematician's Assistant, 1805, 4to. 
 
 Bayley, Rev. H. V. Sermon, Manchester, 1803, Svo. 
 
 Bayley, Joel. Astronom. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1769. 
 
 Bayley, Sir John, 1763-1841. A Summary of the 
 
 Law of Bills of Exchange, Cash Bills, and Promissory 
 
 144 
 
 Notes, 1st ed., 1789 ; 5th ed., edited by Francis Bayley, 
 Svo, Lon., 1830; 2d American ed., Boston, 1836. 
 
 "Bayley on Bills is, no doubt, an admirable specimen of accu 
 rate deduction of the principles to be extracted from reported deci 
 sions, and of concise and lucid statements of those principles." 
 
 Raymond's Reports, <fcc. ; 4th ed., Lon., 1790. 3 vols. i. 
 Svo. Book of Common Prayer, with Notes, 1816. 
 
 Bayley, John. The Forester; a Drama, 1798, Svo, 
 
 Bayley, John. History and Antiquities of the Tower 
 of London, Lon., 1821-25, 4to ; 2 vols. with plates. Pub. 
 at 6 16*. 6d.; large paper, 12 12. 
 
 'This exceedingly beautiful and esteemed work is very scarce 
 on large paper, and sometimes valued at more than its published 
 price." 
 
 ?' That the history of the venerable fortress could have fallen 
 into superior hands is impossible ; for there is a caution, an acute- 
 ness, and a judgment visible in the writings of Mr. Bayley, which 
 are demonstrative evidence of his accuracy and scrupulous fidelity. 1 ' 
 Gentleman's Magazine. 
 
 Bayley, John, b. 1814, in Eng. Settled in U. S., 
 1836. Confessions of a converted Infidel, <fec. Contrib. 
 to various journals. 
 
 Bayley, John B. Commentaries on the Laws of 
 England, in the order, and compiled from the text, of 
 Blackstone ; and embracing the new statutes and altera 
 tions to the present time, Svo, Lon., 1840. 
 
 " He has applied the pruning knife so assiduously, that scarcely 
 a leaf or branch remains of The Commentaries. Four volumes are 
 packed into one, and his book is a bold abridgement of a work 
 that, as it is, the most enlightened jurists have pronounced a 
 model of excellence of legal composition, and wonderful accuracy 
 in the statement of legal principles." Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 Bayley, Peter, Jr. Poems, Lon., 1803, Svo. 
 
 "These poems certainly discover some fire, and some power of 
 expression. If a second edition should be demanded, we earnestly 
 recommend to the author a steady application of the file ; and an 
 endeavour, in all parts of his book, to do better even where he may 
 at present conceive, and most readers will allow, that he has done 
 well." Monthly Review. 
 
 Bayley, Richard, M.D., 1745-1801, an eminent phy 
 sician of New York, took great interest in investigations 
 connected with the Yellow Fever. He pub. Cases of the 
 Angina Tracheatis, with the mode of Cure, New York, 
 1781, Svo. Essay on the Yellow Fever, 1797. Letters on 
 Yellow Fever, 1798. See Thacher's Med. Biography. 
 
 Bayley, Wm. Employment of the Poor, &c., Lon., 
 1757, 8vp. 
 
 Baylie, Richard. An Answer to Mr. Fisher's Re 
 lation of a Third Conference between Bp. Wm. Laud and 
 himself, Lon., 1624, fol. 
 
 Baylie, Robert. Review of Bramhall's Warning, 
 Delph., 1649, 4to. 
 
 Baylie, Thos. De Merito M. Christi, &c., Oxon., 
 1626, 4to. 
 
 Baylies, or Baylis, Wm., M.D., 1724-1787. He 
 was physician to Frederic II., King of Prussia. His ma 
 jesty, on being informed of the extensive practice which 
 Dr. B. had enjoyed, asked him how many he had killed. 
 The physician replied with "no little tact, "Pas tant que 
 votre majeste." Short Remarks on Dr. Perry's Analysis 
 made on the Stratford Mineral Water, &c., Stratford-on- 
 Avon, 1748, Svo. Essay on the Bath Water, <tc., Lon., 
 1757, Svo. Narrative of Facts, &c., Bath, 1757, 4to. His 
 tory of Bath Hospital, Lon., 1758, Svo. Reply to a Pam 
 phlet, <fec., 1759, Svo. Facts and Observations relative to 
 the Small Pox, Edin., 1781, Svo. 
 
 Baylis, John. Four dramatic Pieces, trans, from the 
 French, Lon., 1804. 
 
 Bayly, Anselm, sub-dean of his Majesty's Chapels 
 Royal, pub. a number of educational and theological works, 
 Lon., 1751-89. The Old Testament, English and Hebrew, 
 with Remarks Critical and Grammatical on the Hebrew, 
 and Corrections of the English, Lon., 1774, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " It contains scarcely any information of importance of a criti 
 cal nature; as the notes, which are placed under the English text, 
 are very few and short." ORME. 
 
 Bayly, Arthur. Con. to Phil. Trans. Abr:, 1685. 
 
 Bayly, Benjamin, d. about 1720, Rector of St 
 James's, Bristol. An Essay on Inspiration, Lon., 1707, 
 (anon.,) 2d ed. enlarged, 1708, Svo. 
 
 " The internal and external evidences required in a divine reve 
 lation are well laid down in the 2d part of this essay." KIPPIS. 
 
 Sermons on Various Subjects, 2 vols. Svo, 1721. 
 
 " He was a great admirer and master of the Sooratic way of argu 
 ing ; his sense is substantial, his reasoning sound, his persuasion 
 cogent." Cyc. Bibl. 
 
 Bayly, Edward. Sermons, 1749, '56, '83. 
 
 Bayly, John, 1595-1633, son of Lewis, Bishop of 
 Bangor, entered Exeter College, Oxford, in 1611. The 
 Angel Guardian, Lon., 1630, 4to. The Light enlighten 
 ing, Lon., 1630, 4to. 
 
 Bayly, Lewis, d. 1632, Bishop of Bangor, was born 
 
BAY 
 
 at Caermarthen, and educated at Oxford. After officiating 
 five years at Evesham in Worcestershire, he was conse 
 crated Bishop of Bangor in 1616. The Practice of Piety. 
 This work had an extraordinary popularity; the 51st ed. 
 was pub. Lon., 1714. Trans, into French, Welsh, Hun 
 garian, and Polish. 
 
 Bayly, Richard. Sermon, Lon., 1640, 8vo. 
 
 Bayly, Robert. Parallel of the Liturgy, with the 
 Mass Book, 1661, 4to. 
 
 Bayly, Tho., d. 1670, Bishop of Killala and Achonry, 
 Theophilact's Comments on St. Paul, Lon., 1636. Sermon 
 on Gal. v. 12 ; preached before King Charles I. in the time 
 of the Great Rebellion, Lon., 1707, 8vo. 
 
 Bayly, Thomas, youngest son of Lewis, Bishop of 
 Bangor, was educated at Cambridge. In 1638 he was 
 made sub-dean of Wells. In 1649 he pub. Certamen Re- 
 ligiorum, or a Conference between King Charles I. and 
 Henry, late Marquis of Worcester, concerning Religion, in 
 Ragland Castle, 1646. 
 
 The Royal Charter granted unto Kings by God himself, 
 with a Treatise wherein it is proved that Episcopacy is 
 Jure Divino, 1649, 8vo. This work gave offence, and the 
 author was imprisoned in Newgate, where he wrote his 
 Herba Parietis, or the Wall Flower as it grows out of the 
 Stone Chamber belonging to the Metropolitan Prison, 
 fol. 1650. 
 
 He escaped to the continent, and became a zealous Roman 
 Catholic, and in 1654 pub. at Douay, the End to Contro 
 versy between the Roman Catholic and Protestant Reli 
 gions, <fec. Several other works are ascribed to our author. 
 
 Bayly, Thomas Haynes, 1797-1839, was born near 
 Bath, England, where his father was an eminent solicitor. 
 He was intended for the church, and studied for some time 
 at Oxford. After his marriage, in 1826, he resided for 
 some years at a country seat in Sussex. In 1831 he ex 
 perienced a melancholy reverse in his pecuniary affairs, 
 and for the rest of his life was a sufferer from many mor 
 tifications to which poverty subjects those whose habits 
 and tastes have been formed amid affluence and elegance. 
 His literary industry was very great. In a few years he 
 wrote no less than thirty-six pieces for the stage, several 
 Novels and Tales, and his "songs came to be numbered 
 by hundreds." We give the titles of his publicatiops : 
 Aylmers, a novel, 3 vols. post 8vo. Kindness in Women, 
 tales, 3 vols. post 8vo. Parliamentary Letters, and other 
 Poems, 12mo. Rough Sketches of Bath, 12mo. Weeds 
 of Witchery, poems, r. Svo. To which must be added, 
 Poetical Works and Memoir by his Widow, 2 vols. post 
 Svo. Mr. Bayly's songs are among the best known and 
 most generally admired in the language. Who is not fa 
 miliar with the touching pathos of The Soldier's Tear; 
 We met, 'twas in a Crowd ; Oh, no, we never mention 
 Her; the joyous abandon of I'd be a Butterfly; or the 
 good-natured satire of My Married Daughter could you 
 see; and Why Don't the Men Propose? 
 
 *'The poems and songs of Mr. Haynes Bayly will not be entitled 
 to a high place in the literature of our age ; a certain air of insub- 
 stantiality attaches to them all ; the pathos rarely goes down to 
 the springs of the human feelings, and the humour scarcely ex 
 ceeds the playfulness which marks elegant society in its daily ap 
 pearances." 
 
 " He possessed a playful fancy, a practised ear, a refined taste, 
 and a sentiment which ranged pleasantly from the fanciful to the 
 pathetic, without, however, strictly attaining either the highly 
 imaginative, or the deeply passionate." Mora. 
 
 Bayly, William, d. 1810, an eminent astronomer, 
 accompanied Capt. Cook in 1772, and pub. the results of 
 his observations under the title of Astronomical Observa 
 tions on board the " Resolution" and " Adventure," in a 
 voyage round the world in 1772, Lon., 1774, 4to. Several 
 subsequent publications appeared upon the same subject. 
 
 Baylye, Thos. A Glympse of Paradise, 1710, Svo. 
 
 Baynam, Win., 1749-1814, of Virginia. Con. to Med. 
 Journals. 
 
 Baynard, Edward, M.D. Profess. Treatises, Lon., 
 1694-1706. 
 
 Bayiic, Alexander, d. 1737, Prof. Law in Edin 
 burgh Univ. Hope's Minor Practicks from MS., with a 
 Discourse on the Rise and Progress of the Law of Scot 
 land, and the Method of Studying it, 1726. Other Trea 
 tises, Edin., 1747, '48, '49. 
 
 Bayne, D., or K., M.D. Prof, treat., Lon., 1727-38. 
 
 Bayne, or Baine, James, 1710-1790, minister in 
 Edinburgh. He preached a sermon against Foote's 
 " Minor ;" Foote rejoined in " An Apology for the Minor, 
 in a Letter to the Rev. Mr. Baine, by Samuel Foote, 
 Esq.," 1771. Discourses on Various Subjects, 1778, Svo. 
 
 Bayne, or Baynes, Paul, d. 1617, was a native of 
 10 ' 
 
 BEA 
 
 London. He was elected a Fellow of Christ Church, 
 Cambridge, and succeeded the celebrated Perkins as lec 
 turer of St. Andrew's Church. 
 
 A Commentary on the 1st chap, of the Epistle to the 
 Ephesians, handling the controversy of Predestination, 
 Lon., 1618. 
 
 " A useful Puritan exposition." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 "Dr. Sibbs acknowledges himself indebted to Bayne, instru- 
 mentally, for his conversion." LOWNDES. 
 
 Devotions unto a Godly Life, Lon., 1618, Svo. Bayne 
 also wrote a Commentary upon a portion of the Epistle to 
 the Colossians, (1635,) and other works, pub. 1618-43. 
 
 Bayne, Rev. Peter, whilst pursuing his theological 
 studies at Edinburgh, contributed to the Edinburgh Maga 
 zine a number of critical articles on the writings of Sir 
 Archibald Alison, De Quincey, Tennyson, Ruskin, Mrs. 
 Browning, and other authors, which attracted attention 
 and commendation. Some of these papers have been re 
 printed in Nos. 2 and 3. 1. The Christian Life, Social and 
 Individual, Lon., 1855, p. Svo ; Bost., 1857, 12mo. 
 
 " The master idea on which it has been formed is, we deem, 
 wholly original ; and we regard the execution of it as not less happy 
 than the conception is good." HUGH MILLER. 
 
 2. Essays in Biographical Criticism: 1st Ser., 1857, 12mo; 
 2d Ser., 1858, 12mo. These two vols. were pub. at the 
 request of the Boston publishers. See N. Amer. Rev., 
 July, 1858, 274. 
 
 " They indicate the traits of mind and heart which render ' The 
 Christian Life' so intensely suggestive and vitalizing, and at the 
 same time display a critical power seldom equalled in comprehen 
 siveness, depth of insight, candid appreciation, and judicial in 
 tegrity." N. Amer. Rev. 
 
 Baynes, C. R. Notes and Reflections during a Ram 
 ble in the East, <fec. An Overland Journey to India. <fcc., 
 p. Svo, Lon., 1843. 
 
 " So many other travellers and authors have preceded him over 
 every inch of his ground, that it was impossible to have original 
 information to communicate." Literary Gazette. 
 
 Baynes, E. D. Ovid's Epistles, 1818, vol. i. Svo. 
 
 Baynes, H. S. The Church at Philippi, or the Doc 
 trine and Conduct of the Early Christians illustrated; with 
 a recomm. Introduc. by J. P. Smith, D.D., Lon., 1834, 12mo. 
 I " Intended to serve as a historical commentary upon St. Paul's 
 Epistle to the Philippians." 
 
 Baynes, or Baines, Ralph, d. 1559, a native of 
 Yorkshire, was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge. 
 
 In 1555 he was, by Queen Mary, made Bishop of Coven 
 try and Lichfield. Previously he had been royal professor 
 of Hebrew at Paris. Prima Rudimenta in Linguam He- 
 braicam, Paris, 1550, 4to. 
 
 Baynes, Robt. Discourses, Moral and Religious, 
 adapted to a Naval Audience, preached on board his Ma 
 jesty's ship the " Tremendous," during the years 1802, '03, 
 and '04, Lon., 1807, Svo. A Fast Sermon, 1809. 
 
 Baynes, Roger. Praise of Solitariness, Lon., 1577, 
 4to. The Baynes of Agvisgrane, Aug., 1617, 4to. 
 
 Baynham, William. Con. to Med. Tracts, 1791. 
 
 Baynton, Thomas. Medical Works, 1799-1813. 
 
 Beach, Abraham, of Connecticut, d. 1828. Hearing 
 the Word. A Serm., American Preacher, iii. A Fune 
 ral Serm. on Dr. Chandler, 1790. 
 
 Beach, John, of Connecticut, d. 1782. Theolog. 
 works, pub. 1732-72. 
 
 Beach, Philip. Letters to T. Burnet, Lon., 1736, Svo. 
 
 Beach, Thos. Eugenio ; a poem, Lon., 1737, 4to. 
 
 Beach, W. W. Abradates and Panthea, 1765, 4to. 
 
 Beachcroft, Robt. P. Sermons, 1809-16. 
 
 Beacher, L. Account of V. Gertru, Lon., 1665, 4to. 
 
 Beacon, R. Solon his Follie, or a Politique Discourse, 
 touching the Reformation of Common-weales conquered, 
 declined, or corrupted, Oxf., 1594, 4to. Dedicated to Queen 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 Beacon, Thomas. See BECON. 
 
 Beadle, John. The Diary of a Thankful Christian, 
 Lon., 1656, Svo. 
 
 Beadon, Richard, D.D., Bishop of Bath and Wells. 
 A Fast Day Sermon, 1793, 4to. A Sermon, 4to. 
 
 Beak,Francis. Letters against Anabaptists,Lon.,1701. 
 
 Beal, John, 1603-1683, an English divine and philo 
 sopher, contributed many papers to Phil. Trans., 1666, '67, 
 '69, '70, '75, '76, '77. 
 
 Beale, Bart. Diseases from Vicious Blood, Lon., 
 1700, Svo. 
 
 Beale, John. Horticult. works, Oxf. & Lon., 1653-77. 
 
 Beale, John. Work on the German Flute,Lon.,1812,fol. 
 
 Beale, Lionel S., M.D., Professor of Physiology and 
 General and Morbid Anatomy in King's College, London. 
 The Laws of Health in their Relations to Mind and Body: 
 A Series of Letters from an Old Practitioner to a Patient, 
 p. Svo. 
 
 145 
 
BEA 
 
 BEA 
 
 "We gladly welcome Mr. Beale's work. The observations are 
 those of a most experienced and intelligent practitioner, and do 
 equal credit to his head and heart. It is not to the lay reader only 
 that Mr. Beale's work w ill be acceptable ; and we augur for it an 
 extensive popularity." Lon. Lancet. 
 
 Treatise on Distortions and Deformities, 8vo. The Mi 
 croscope, and its Application to Clinical Medicine, p. 8vo; 
 new ed., 1857, r. 8vo. Other works. 
 
 Beale, Anne. Baronet's Family, Lon., 3 vols. p. 
 8vo. Poems, 12mo. Vale of the Towey ; or, Sketches of 
 South Wales, p. 8vo. Simplicity and Fascination, 3 vols. 
 p. Svo, 1855. 
 
 Beale, Mary, 1632-1697, a painter and poetess, con 
 tributed to Dr. Woodford's trans, of the Psalms. 
 " An absolutely complete gentlewoman." WOODFORD. 
 " That masculine poet, as well as painter, the incomparable Mrs. 
 Beale." Oldys's MSS. 
 
 Beale, Robert, d. 1601, a civilian and statesman, was 
 a zealous Protestant, and on account of his religious prin 
 ciples resided on the Continent during the reign of Queen 
 Mary. He embraced the occasion to form a valuable his 
 torical library. He wrote a treatise on the marriage of 
 Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, with Mary, the French 
 queen ; another on the marriage of the Earl of Hertford 
 with Lady Catherine Grey; and his discourse on the Pari 
 sian massacre, in the form of a letter to Lord Burghley, 
 is in the Cotton MSS. in the British Museum. His prin 
 cipal work is a collection of some of the Spanish historians, 
 entitled Rerum Hispanicarum Scriptores, France, 1579, 
 2 vols. fol. Some letters of his will be found in Lodge's 
 Illustrations of British History, and in Wright's Queen 
 Elizabeth and her Times. 
 
 Bealey, Joseph. Observations, 1790. Sermons, 1810. 
 Beanies, John. Legal treatises, Lon., 1812-27. 
 Beames, Thomas. Sermons, Lon., 1850, Ac. 
 Beamish, N. lj. Hist, of the King's German Legion, 
 1803-16, Lon., 2 vols. Svo. Discovery of America by the 
 Northmen in the Tenth Century, 1841, 8vo. 
 Bean, Charles. Sermons, 1707-16. 
 Bean, James. Theological works, 1789-1817. Pa 
 rochial Serms., Lon., 8vo. Family Worship : Morning and 
 Evening Prayers for every day in the month; 20th ed., 1846. 
 Beau, Joseph, Massachusetts. Serai., 1773. 
 Beanus, or Beyn, first Bishop of Aberdeen, d. 1047. 
 Dempster gives a list of his writings. 
 Bear, John. Sermon, 1748, 8vo. 
 Bearblock, James. On Tithes, Lon., 1805-09. 
 Bearcroft, Philip, D.D., 1697-1761, master of the 
 Charter-House, and Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, pub. 
 An Historical Account of Thomas Sutton, Esq., and of his 
 foundation in the Charter-House, Lon., 1737, 8vo. Ser 
 mons, &c., 1726-48. 
 
 Bearcroft, William. Fast Sermon, 1756, 8vo. 
 Beard, Henry. Impris. of Debtors, Lon., 1801, 8vo. 
 Beard, J. R., D.D. 1. Voices of the Church, Lon., 
 1845, 8vo. 2. Historical and Artistic Illustrations of the 
 Trinity, 8vo. 3. Illustrations of the Divine in Christianity, 
 8vo. 4. People's Diet, of the Bible, 2 vols. Svo. 5. Ser 
 mons and Prayers for Families, 2 vols. Svo. 6. Unita- 
 rianism Exhibited in its Actual Condition, Svo. 7. Religious 
 Knowledge, 1856, 2 vols. p. Svo. 8. A Revised English 
 Bible the Want of the Church and the Demand of the Age, 
 1857, cr. Svo. Other works. 
 
 Beard, Richard, M.D. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 
 1726. 
 
 Beard, Thomas, D.D., an author of the Elizabethan 
 period, is best known as the compiler of the Theatre of 
 God's Judgments, Lon., 1597, 4to, in which he is said to 
 have been assisted by Dr. Thos. Taylor. 
 
 "In the third edit., 1631, 4to, from page 542 to the end is for the 
 first time added. The 4th, and generally esteemed best, edit, ap 
 peared in 1648, small 4to." 
 
 A Retractive from the Romish Religion, Lon., 1616, 4to. 
 Antichrist the Pope of Rome, Bon., 1625, 4to. Pedantius, 
 1631, 12mo. Dr. Beard was Oliver Cromwell's schoolmaster. 
 Beare, Matt. Discourse of the Senses, Exon.,1710,4to. 
 Beare, Nicholas. Sermons, 1679-1707. 
 Bearne, Edward. Two Sermons, 1726, 4to. 
 Beart, John A. Vindication of the Eternal Law and 
 Everlasting Gospel, 1707, 12mo. Elicited by Crisp's Ser 
 mons, pub. in 1691. 
 
 Beasley, Rev. Frederick, 1777-1845, Prof. Moral 
 Philos. Univ. Penna., 1813-28. 1. A Search of Truth in 
 the Science of the Human Mind, 1822, Svo. 2. Examina 
 tion of the Oxford Divinity. 
 
 Beasley, Henry. 1. The Book of Prescriptions, 
 2900, English and Foreign. Lon., 24mo. 2. The Pocket 
 Formulary and Synopsis of the British and Foreign Phar- 
 niacoposias ; 5th ed., enlarged, 24mo. 
 
 " Extremely useful as an adjunct to the shop library ; a pocket 
 Pharmacopoeia Universalis, containing, in addition to the officinal 
 formulae, those magistral preparations which are so continually 
 required at the hands of the dispenser." Lon. Annals of Chemistry 
 and Pharmacy. 
 
 3. The Druggists' General Receipt-Book, 3d ed. 24mo. 
 
 " The General KeceipWBook is an extensive appendix to the 
 Pocket Formulary. No Pharmaceutist who possesses the latter, 
 ought to be without the former, for the two form a complete Counter 
 Companion." Lon. Annals of Pharmacy. 
 
 Beasly, Thos. J. Legal treatises, Dubl., 1837-44. 
 Lectures relative to the profession of Attorney and Soli 
 citor, Svo, Dubl., 1842. 
 
 " These Lectures are fraught with valuable historical informa 
 tion upon the origin of Attorneys in ancient and modern times, 
 and contain many valuable suggestions relative to their duties 
 and responsibilities." 
 
 Beasly, W. Inclosing Waste Lands, 1812. 
 
 Beatniffe, John. Sermon, 1590, 16mo. 
 
 Beaton, Beton, or Bethune, David, 1494-1546, 
 Archbishop of St. Andrew's in Scotland, and Cardinal of 
 the Roman Church, was educated in the University of St. 
 Andrews, and studied divinity at the University of Paris, 
 where he took orders. According to Dempster, he wrote, 
 1. Memoirs of his own Embassies. 2. A Treatise of Peter's 
 Primacy, and 3. Letters to several persons. Of these last 
 there are said to be some copies preserved in the King's 
 Library at Paris. 
 
 " His high station in the Church placed him in the way of great 
 employments; his abilities were equal to the greatest of these; 
 nor did he reckon any of them to be above his merit. . . . His 
 early application to public business kept him acquainted with the 
 learning and controversies of the age." ROBERTSON. 
 
 His persecution of the Protestants, and especially the 
 death of George Wishart, was punished by his assassina 
 tion in his castle, in 1546, by John and Norman Lesley, 
 Peter Carmichael, and James Melvil. See Biog. Brit., 
 Mackenzie, Hume, Robertson. 
 
 Beaton, Beton, or Bethune, James, 1517-1603, 
 Archbishop of Glasgow, and nephew to the preceding, was 
 educated in Paris, under the care of his uncle the cardi 
 nal. He is said to have written, 1. A Commentary on the 
 Book of Kings. 2. A Lamentation for the kingdom of 
 Scotland. 3. A Book of Controversies against the Secta 
 ries. 4. Observations upon Gratian's Decretals. 5. A Col- 
 lection of Scotch Proverbs. None of these have been 
 printed. DEMPSTER : Bioq. Brit. 
 
 Beatson, Lt.-Col. Alexander. War with Tippoo 
 Sultaun, Lon., 1800, 4to. A work on St. Helena, Lon., 
 1816, 4to. 
 
 " This work contains little else than statistical, meteorological, 
 and agricultural, observations on the Island, and plans for its 
 better administration and cultivation." 
 
 Beatson, John. Theological works, Lon., 1774, '77, 
 '79, '89. 
 
 Beatson, Robt., 1742-1818. Political Index to the 
 Histories of Great Britain and Ireland, Edin., 1786, Svo; 
 3d ed., Lon., 1806, Svo, 3 vols. This is the best ed. of this 
 useful work, which is a compilation from Dugdale's Sum 
 mons to Parliament, The Historical Register, and works 
 of like character. Haydy's Book of Dignities is founded 
 upon the Political Index. Naval and Military Memoirs 
 of Great Britain, 1727-90, Lon., 1790, 3 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 
 Lon., 1804, 6 vols. Svo. General View of the Agriculture 
 of the County of Fife, Edin., 1794, 4to. 
 
 " Many useful observations on general agriculture ; the lease of 
 land is well discussed." Donaldson's Agricult. Bing. 
 Mr. B. pub. some other works. 
 
 Beattie. Aristotelis de Rhetorica, Camb., 1728, Svo. 
 Beattie, James, LL.D., <fcc., 1735-1803, was born at 
 Laurencekirk, in Kincardineshire, Scotland, on the 20th of 
 October. His father was a shopkeeper and farmer, and is 
 said to have been something of a poet, though never dis 
 tinguished for his productions. In 1749 James was sent 
 to the Marischal College, at Aberdeen, where he remained 
 for four years. He studied divinity with the intention of 
 taking orders, but relinquished this idea. In 175S he ob 
 tained the situation of usher in the grammar-school ol 
 Aberdeen, and two years later was honoured by the ap 
 pointment of Professor of Moral Philosophy and Logic in 
 Marischal College, which post he retained until within a 
 short period of his death. In 1760 he pub. a volume oi 
 poems, the most of which had appeared anonymously m 
 the Scot's Magazine. A portion of these were reprinted m 
 1766, with the addition of a translation of one of Addison 9 
 pieces, and some verses on the death of Churchill. - 
 last, and indeed almost all of our author's earlier pieces, 
 were not deemed by him worthy of a place in future ec 
 tions of his works. In 1765 he pub. a poem entitled T 
 Judgment of Paris. The design was good, but the poetry 
 was not considered equal to the moral. In 1767 he was 
 
BEA 
 
 married to Miss Mary Dun, daughter of the rector of the 
 grammar-school at Aberdeen. Some two years before his 
 marriage he became acquainted with the poet Gray, and a 
 friendship was established which was dissolved only by the 
 death of the latter in 1771. In 1770 he pub. his Essay on 
 Truth, which was intended as an antidote to the skeptical 
 philosophy of Hume : he desired 
 
 "To overthrow .skepticism, and establish conviction in its place; 
 a conviction not in the least favourable to bigotry or prejudice, far 
 less to a persevering spirit, but such a conviction as produces firm 
 ness of miud and stability of principle, in a consistence with mo 
 deration, candour, and liberal inquiry." 
 
 The success of this work was worthy of its excellent de 
 sign. In less than four years it went through five editions, 
 and had been translated into several foreign languages. 
 He received encouragement to take orders in the Church 
 of England, but declined the overture. In 1760, Beattie 
 wrote to Dr. Blackwall that he had commenced " a poem 
 in the style and stanza of Spenser," but he had "resolved 
 to write no more poetry with a view to publication, till he 
 saw some dawnings of a poetical taste among the gene 
 rality of readers." The first book of The Minstrel, thus 
 referred to, made its appearance in 1771, and was most 
 favourably received. He was honoured by the intimacy 
 of Johnson, Goldsmith, Eeynolds, and Garrick; and in 
 1773 received a substantial token of royal favour in the 
 shape of a pension of 200 per annum. Dr. Beattie gives 
 a very interesting account of an interview with which he 
 was honoured by George III. and the queen : 
 
 " They both complimented me in the highest terms on my Essay, 
 which they said was a book they always kept by them ; and the 
 king said he had one copy of it at Kew, and another in town, and 
 immediately went and took it down from the shelf. ' I never stole 
 a book but once,' said his majesty, ' and that was yours,' speak 
 ing to me. 'I stole it from the queen, to give it to Lord Hertford 
 to read.' He had heard that the sale of Hume's Essays had failed 
 since my book was published; and I told him what Mr. Strahan 
 had told me in regard to that matter." 
 
 The author intended to add a second part to the Essay 
 on Truth, but it was never completed. 
 
 The second book of The Minstrel appeared in 1774, and 
 was received with as much favour as the former. Shortly 
 before this, Dr. Beattie had declined the offer of the Pro 
 fessorship of Moral Philosophy in the University of Edin 
 burgh. In 1776 he pub. by a subscription of nearly 500 
 names, a new edition of his Essay on Truth, with some 
 other essays in the same volume : On Poetry and Music, 
 On Laughter and Ludicrous Composition, and On the 
 Utility of Classical Learning. In 1777 a new edition of 
 The Minstrel was given to the world. In this edition was 
 comprised a selection of the author's other poetical pieces. 
 A Letter to Dr. Blair on Psalmody was printed, but not 
 published, in 1778. A List of Scotticisms appeared in 1779, 
 and during the next year he contributed to the Mirror some 
 papers. His Evidences of the Christian Religion, 2 vols. 
 8vo, was pub. 1786. 
 
 " Dr. Beattie's Evidences of Christianity is, perhaps, the most 
 popular, as it is certainly the most useful, of his prose writings." 
 SIR WM. FORBES. 
 
 In 1790 he gave to the world the first volume of his Ele 
 ments of Moral Science, edited a new edition of Addison's 
 periodical papers, and contributed a paper to the Royal 
 Society of Edinburgh's publications. Three years later 
 appeared the second volume of the Elements of Moral Sci 
 ence. The death of his two sons in 1790 and 1796, and 
 other domestic afflictions, greatly impaired his health, 
 which had been for many years declining, and after much 
 suffering, he died on the 18th of August, 1803. He pub. 
 in 1779 the Miscellanies of his son, James Hay Beattie. 
 He was buried beside his two sons in the churchyard of 
 St. Nicholas, Aberdeen. 
 
 Of the character of Dr. Beattie, it is only necessary to 
 say that he was a philanthropist and a Christian of no 
 common order. 
 
 An Account of his Life and Writings, with many of his 
 letters, was pub. at Edin., 2 vols. 4to, in 1806, by Sir Wil 
 liam Forbes. We find frequent reference to our author in 
 Boswell's Life of Dr. Johnson. Johnson remarks to 
 Boswell : 
 
 " You are a great favourite of Dr. Beattie. Of Dr. Beattie I 
 should have thought much, but that his lady puts him out of my 
 head; she is a very lovely woman. . . . We all love Beattie. Mrs. 
 Ihrale says, if ever she has another husband, she'll have Beattie. 
 IM '.. Bea i tt , ie ' s book [Essay on Truth] is, I believe, every day more 
 liked; at least, I like it more as I look more upon it." 
 
 With this favourable opinion the author was highly 
 pleased. He writes to Boswell : 
 
 " You judge very rightly in supposing that Dr. Johnson's fa 
 vourable opinion of my book must give me great delight. Indeed, 
 It is impossible for me to say how much I am gratified by it; for 
 there is not a man on earth whose good opinion I would be more 
 ambitious to cultivate." 
 
 BEA 
 
 On another occasion, Johnson contrasted Beattie favour 
 ably with Robertson : 
 
 " ' There is more thought in the novelist than in the historian. 
 There is but a shallow stream of thought in history.' BOSWELL : 
 ' But surely, sir, an historian has reflection ?' JOHNSON : ' Why, 
 yes, sir : and so has a cat when she catches a mouse for her kitten : 
 but she cannot write like [Beattie;] neither can [Robertson.]' . . . 
 Such was his sensibility, and so much was he affected by pathetic 
 poetry, that when he was reading Dr. Beattie's Hermit, in my pre 
 sence, it brought tears into his eyes. . . . The particular passage 
 which excited this strong emotion was, as I have heard from my 
 father, the third stanza, ' 'Tis Night,' &c." J. BOSWELL, Jr. " The 
 fourth." MARKLAND. 
 
 The Esjsay on Truth is now but little read. The Edin 
 burgh Reviewer of Sir William Forbes's volumes censures 
 the Essay in no measured terms : 
 
 "Every one has not the capacity of writing philosophically; 
 but every one may be at least temperate and candid ; and Dr. Beat- 
 tie's book is still more remarkable for being abusive and acrimo 
 nious, than for its defects in argument and originality. There are 
 no subjects, however, in the wide world of human speculation, 
 upon which such vehemence appears more groundless and unac 
 countable, than the greater part of those which have served Dr. 
 Beattie for topics of declamation or invective." 
 
 " Beattie, the most agreeable and amiable writer 1 ever met with , 
 the only author I have seen whose critical and philosophical re 
 searches are diversified and embellished by a poetical imagination, 
 that makes even the driest subject and the leanest a feast for an 
 epicure in books. He is so much at his ease, too, that his own 
 character appears in every page, and, which is very rare, we see not 
 only the writer, but. the man ; and the man so gentle, so well tem 
 pered, so happy in his religion, and so humane in his philosophy, 
 that it is necessary to love him if one has any sense of what is 
 lovely." COWPER. 
 
 The Minstrel was designed to "trace the progress of a 
 poetical genius, born in a rude age, from the first dawning 
 of fancy and reason, till that period at which he may be 
 supposed capable of appearing in the world as a minstrel." 
 
 " I find you are willing to suppose, that, in Edwin, I have given 
 only a picture of myself as I was in my younger days. I confess 
 the supposition is not groundless." Beattie, to Lady Forbes. 
 
 " The beauty of external nature was never more finely worship 
 ped than in the conclusion of the ninth stanza, which Gray truly 
 pronounced to be inspired." Edin. Encyclopaedia. 
 
 Bishop Warburton pronounced Dr. Beattie to be " supe 
 rior to the whole crew of Scotch metaphysicians." 
 
 Beattie, James Hay, 1768-1790, son of the preced 
 ing, a " most amiable and promising youth." Miscellanies, 
 Essays, and Fragments, with an account of his Life and 
 : Character, by James Beattie, LL.D., Lon., 1799, 12mo. 
 
 " The English poems display an energy of expression, a vivacity 
 of description, and an opposite variety of numbers, far beyond the 
 years of the author." 
 
 Beattie, William, M.D., the friend, fellow-traveller, 
 and biographer of the late W. H. Bartlett, assisted the 
 latter in several of his publications. 1. Residence in Ger 
 many, Lon., 1822-26, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. The Pilgrim in Italy, 
 12mo. 3. The Castles and Abbeys of England, imp. Svo, 
 2 Series; 2d Set., 1851. 4. Scotland Illustrated, 1838, 
 2 vols. 4to. 5. The Waldenses Illustrated, 1838, 4to. 6. 
 The Danube: its History, Scenery, <fcc., 1844, 12mo. 7. Life 
 and Letters of Thos. Campbell, 3 vols. p. Svo. See BART- 
 LETT, WILLIAM HENRY. 
 
 Beatty, Charles. Journal of a Missionary Tour in 
 Pennsylvania, 1786, Svo. The Monitor, 1786, Svo. 
 
 Beatty, Francis* Cases in Chancery, Ireland, Dubl., 
 1829, Svo. 
 
 Beatty, W., M.D., 1770-1843. Narrative of the 
 Death of Nelson, Lon., 1807, Svo. 
 
 Beaucliamps, Lord. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1741. 
 
 Beauchesne, John de, and John Baldoii. Booke 
 containing divers sortes of Hands, &c., Lon., 1570, 4to. 
 
 " I apprehend them to have been written by Mr. Beauchesne, a 
 schoolmaster in Blackfriars, and cut on wood by Mr. Baldon." 
 HERBERT. 
 
 Beauclerc, Rt Rev. James, Lord-Bishop of Here 
 ford, d. 1787. Sermon preached before the Lords, on 1 
 Sam. xv. 23, (Jan. 30,) Lon., 1752, 4to. 
 
 Beaufort, D. A., Rector of Lym. Scripture Sufficient 
 without Tradition. The Norrisian Prize Essay for 1840. 
 Lon., 1841, Svo. 
 
 Beaufort, Daniel Augustus, Rector of Navan, in 
 the county of Meath. A work on the Church of Rome, 
 Dubl., 1788, 8vo. Memoir of a Map of Ireland, Ac., Dubl. 
 and Lon., 1792, 4to. 
 
 "An exceedingly valuable work, containing a succinct account 
 of the civil and ecclesiastical state of Ireland, and an Index of all 
 the places which appear on the author's map." LOWNDES. 
 
 Beaufort, Rear- Admiral Sir Francis, K.C.B., 
 
 F.R.S., Ac., late Hydrographer to the Admiralty, d. 1857. 
 Karamania; or, A Brief Description of the South Coast of 
 AsiaMinor and of the Remains of Antiquity, Lon.,1817, Svo. 
 "A valuable addition to the maritime geography and antiquities 
 of a part of Asia not described hitherto." 
 
 147 
 
BEA 
 
 Beaufort, John. The Daughter of Adoption, Lon., 
 1800, 4 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Beaufort, Margaret, Countess of Richmond and 
 Derby, and mother of Henry VII., 1441-1509, translated 
 from French into English, The Mirrour of Golde for the 
 sinfull Soule, printed by Pynson, in 4to. Treatise of the 
 Imitation of Christ; printed at the end of Dr. Wm. Atkin 
 son's English trans, of the three first books, 1504. A Let 
 ter to her son is printed in Howard's Collection of Letters. 
 Her Will, which is very curious, is in the Collection of 
 Royal and Noble Wills, p. 376, 1780, 4to. 
 
 " That she was a zealous patroness of literature is obvious from 
 the testimony of several publications which were undertaken and 
 executed at the command, exhortation, or enticement, of the prin 
 cess Margaret." 
 
 " Right studious she was in bokes, which she had in grete num 
 ber, both in Englysh and in Latin, and in Frenshe ; and for her 
 exercise, and for the profyte of others, she did translate divers 
 matters of devocyon out of the Frensh into Englysh." Bishop 
 Fisher's Marnynge fiemembraunce. 
 ' See Park's Walpole's Royal and Noble Authors. 
 Beaufoy, Henry. Speeches, &c., 1787-88, 1810-14. 
 Beaufoy, Col. Mark. Con. to Ann. Philosoph., 
 1813-17. 
 
 Beaulieu, Liiike de, Chaplain to Lord Jeffries, and 
 Prebendary of Gloucester. Theolog. works, 1674-1706. 
 Beauman, Wm. Sermon on Mai. ii. 7. 
 Beaumont. Dutch Albanus, Lon., 1712, 8vo. 
 Beaumont, Alex. History of Spain, 1812, 8vo. 
 Beaumont, Barber. Provident, or Parish Banks, 
 Lon., 1816, 8vo. 
 
 Beaumont, Charles. The Coal Trade, Lon., 1789,4to. 
 Beaumont, Francis, 15S5P-1615-16, and John 
 Fletcher, 1576M625, united themselves so closely during 
 life, that " in death they have not been divided" by the 
 biographer. Francis Beaumont was descended from the 
 ancient and noble family of the name, whose residence was 
 at Grace-Dieu in .Leicestershire. His grand-father, John 
 Beaumont, was Master of the Rolls, and his father, Francis, 
 one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas. He was 
 entered a gentleman-commoner of Broadgates' Hall, (now 
 Pembroke College,) Oxford, Feb. 4, 1596-97. After leav 
 ing college he became a member of the Inner Temple ; but 
 is not supposed to have become very profoundly versed in 
 the principles of jurisprudence. A translation of the fable 
 of Salmacis and Hermaphroditus from Ovid into English 
 rhyme and much enlarged, printed in 1602, 4to, is ascribed 
 to his pen, though not without question. Of Beaumont's 
 life but very little is known. He married Ursula, a daughter 
 of Henry Isley, of Sundridge, in Kent, by whom he left 
 two daughters. He died before he had attained his 30th 
 year, and was buried near the entrance of St. Benedict's 
 Chapel, Westminster Abbey, near the Earl of Middlesex's 
 monument. Bishop Corbit honoured the departed poet by 
 the following epitaph : 
 
 ON MR. FRANCIS BEAUMONT. . 
 " He that hath such acuteness and such wit 
 As would ask ten good heads to husband it : 
 He that can write so well that no man dare 
 Refuse it for the best, let him beware! 
 BEAUMONT is dead ! by whose sole death appears 
 Wit's a disease consumes men in few years !" 
 His brother, also, Sir John Beaumont, intimates that 
 the mental powers of the poet were overtasked : 
 
 " Thou should'st have followed me, but Death, to blame, 
 Miscounted years, and measured age by feme : 
 So dearly hast thou bought thy precious lines, 
 Their praise grew swiftly, so thy life declines." 
 Of the collection entitled The Works of Beaumont and 
 Fletcher, (fifty-two plays, a Masque, and some Minor 
 Poems,) Beaumont alone wrote The Masque of the Inner 
 Temple and Gray's Inn, and the Minor Poems, it is be 
 lieved, with the exception of The Honest Man's Fortune, 
 which follows the play with that title : this " challenges 
 Fletcher for its sole author, and remains the single undra- 
 matic poem extant of Fletcher's, unless we add a few self- 
 commendatory verses prefixed to The Faithful Shepherd 
 ess." The Masque dedicated to Sir Francis Bacon was 
 acted and printed 1612-13 ; the Poems were printed 1640, 
 4to ; 1653, 1660, 8vo. The most celebrated is the Letter 
 to Ben Jonson. 
 
 " Beaumont's poems are all of considerable, some of them ol 
 high, merit." DR. Buss. 
 
 " His original poems give him very superior claims to a place 
 in our collections. Although we find some of the metaphysical 
 conceits so common in his day, particularly in an elegy on Lady 
 Markham, he is in general more free from them than his contem 
 poraries. His sentiments are elegant and refined, and his versifi 
 cation is unusually harmonious. Where have we more lively ima 
 gery, or in greater profusion, than in the sonnet, Like a Ring 
 without a Finger ? His amatory poems are sprightly and original, 
 nd some of his lyrics rise to the impassioned spirit of Shakspeare 
 148 
 
 BEA 
 
 and Milton. Sir E. Brydges is of opinion that the third song in 
 he play of Nice Valour afforded the first hint of the 11 Penseroso." 
 John Fletcher was the son of Richard, successively 
 Bishop of Bristol, Worcester, and London. He was edu- 
 jated at Cambridge, probably at Bene't College, and had 
 he reputation of respectable proficiency in the classics. 
 As many of the plots of his plays were taken from the 
 Spanish, French, and Italian, it is a fair inference that he 
 was versed in those languages. It is believed that he waa 
 never married. He died of the plague, in London, in 
 1625, and was buried in St. Saviour's, Southwark. In ad 
 dition to the pieces written exclusively by Fletcher, and 
 lis labours in conjunction with Beaumont, he assisted 
 Ben Jonson and Middleton in The Widow, and is supposed 
 to have been also a literary partner with Shakspeare, Mas- 
 singer, and some other authors. The Two Noble Kings- 
 men was formerly very confidently attributed to Fletcher 
 and Shakspeare; though later opinions deprive the latter 
 of any share in the authorship. Still the title-page of the 
 arst edition carries the name of both, and the assertion 
 seems to have been unquestioned by those who, living near 
 the time, may be supposed to have been as good judges as 
 the ingenious skeptics of modern times. However, we 
 offer no opinion upon the subject. Langbaine declares that 
 Shakspeare was one of the authors ; and the following re 
 marks are worthy of consideration : 
 
 " Since the truth of this statement was never questioned until 
 modern times, although many of Shakspeare's friends were living 
 when the play was published ; since all the old critics mention 
 Shakspeare as one of the writers of it ; and, more than all, since 
 the internal evidence fully bears out the tradition, we think the 
 genuineness of it can scarcely be questioned. If Shakspeare did 
 not assist Fletcher, who then did? None of the plays which 
 Fletcher alone wrote are composed in the same style, or exhibit 
 the same lofty imagination, and if there were any other dramatist 
 save Shakspeare, who could attain to such a height of excellence, 
 he has certainly handed down none of his compositions to pos 
 terity. If Shakspeare did not write part of it, all we can say is, 
 that his imitators went very near to rival himself." Cunningham's 
 Biog. Hist, of Eng. 
 
 We have stated that after deducting from " The Works 
 of Beaumont and Fletcher" those compositions of which 
 Beaumont was sole author, (and the one undrauiatic poem 
 of Fletcher's,) we have remaining fifty-two plays. Mr. 
 Darley remarks : 
 
 " Out of the fifty-two plays, Beaumont had no share in the first 
 nine here set down, it may be said with little hesitation, and with 
 none, in the next nine making in all eighteen" 
 THE LOYAL SUBJECT. First represented in 1618. 
 
 THE ISLAND PRINCESS. " 1621. 
 
 THE PILGRIM. " 1621. 
 
 THE WILDGOOSE CHASE. " 1621. 
 
 THE BEGGAR'S BUSH. " 1622. 
 
 THE WOMAN'S PRIZE ; OR, THE TAMER TAMED. 
 THE MAD LOVER. 
 LOVER'S PILGRIMAGE. 
 THE NIGHT WALKER. 
 THE FAITHFUL SHEPHERDESS. 
 
 THE PROPHETESS. Produced the 14th May, 1622. 
 
 THE SEA VOYAGE. " 22d June, 1622. 
 
 THE SPANISH CURATE. " 24th Oct., 1622. 
 
 THE MAID OP THE MILL. " 29th Aug., 1623. 
 
 A WIFE FOR A MONTH. " 27th May, 1624. 
 
 RULE A WIFE AND HAVE A WIFE. " 19th Oct., 1624. 
 THE FAIR MAID OF THE INN. " 22d Jan., 1625. 
 
 THE NOBLE GENTLEMAN. " 3d Feb., 1625. 
 
 " For this latter set of dates we have Sir Henry Herbert, the 
 licenser's, manuscript, as authority; which also decides the corre 
 sponding dramas to be by Fletcher alone, except the Maid of the 
 Mill, wherein he had Rowley's assistance. That the Faithful 
 Shepherdess was Fletcher's sole production, there is no doubt, and 
 every evidence. Two other plays by him, licensed in 1623, are 
 lost, The Devil of Dowgate ; or, Usury put to Use, and The Wan 
 dering Lovers. For the former set of dates we have authority not 
 so direct, but sufficient ; and Fletcher seems to have written with 
 out help all the dramas, dated and undated, save the last two, 
 which he left imperfect, and which Malone says were finished by 
 Sherley. These eighteen plays, therefore, furnish criticism a fair, 
 broad ground whereupon to judge of Fletcher's individual style. 
 We may perhaps add The Woman Hater, produced about 1606-7. 
 Concerning the other thirty-three dramas, (half a dozen excepted,) 
 we can ascertain the times of their representation, or, at least, 
 publication, with various degrees of precision; but it is difficult 
 to apportion their authorship I might say, impossible though 
 easy enough to hypothesize, and yet easier to pronounce abou 
 it. ... Besides the above-mentioned definite class of Eighteen 
 attributable almost entirely to Fletcher, I shall mark out another of 
 Nine, all of which may have been partly written by Beaumont, as 
 they were composed or made public before his death, and some of 
 them even claim him for their chief author on good evidence. 
 THE KNIGHT OF THE BURNING PESTLE. First rep. in 1611. 
 PHILASTER; OR, LOVE AND MADNESS. Rep. before 1611. 
 THE MAID'S TRAGEDY. " 161L 
 
BEA 
 
 KING AND No KINO. 
 
 THE HONEST MAN'S FORTUNE. 
 
 THE COXCOMB. 
 
 CUPID'S REVENGE. 
 
 THE CAPTAIN. 
 
 THE SCORNFUL LADY. 
 
 Licensed in 1611. 
 
 " 1613. 
 Acted first in 1613. 
 
 1613. 
 
 " 1613. 
 Published in 1616. 
 
 " I add The Scornful Lady, though not published till after the 
 death of Beaumont, because it was written some years earlier ; and 
 I omit the Woman Hater, though published before that epoch, be 
 cause he is understood to have had no share in this work. 
 
 " Even from the above small class we can select but three dramas, 
 verified as joint compositions of our English Damon and Pythias, 
 to wit, l-hilaster, TheMaid's Tragedy, King and No King. The 
 former two. indeed, if they be not equi-valuable with all the other 
 nlavs together of this collection, are beyond doubt those on which 
 has depended, and ever will depend, its principal charm, and the 
 chief renown of Beaumont and Fletcher. King and No King also 
 renders their genius apparent in its brightest phase. Critics, how 
 ever go further than 1 can. They affirm that of the fifty-two plays, 
 those under-named sixteen or seventeen (if we include The Knight 
 of the Burning Pestle) vindicate the time-honoured title of our 
 volume. Beaumont, it is thought, was co-parent to these, but no 
 more than these. I will particularize such of their dates as have 
 been ascertained." 
 
 THE KNIGHT OF THE BURNING PESTLE. First represented 
 
 in 1611. 
 Written before 1611. 
 
 Probably before 1611. 
 Licensed in " 
 1613 
 
 Acted first 1613 
 tt tt (( 
 
 Printed 1616. 
 
 tt tt 
 
 PHILASTER. 
 
 THE MAID'S TRAGEDY. 
 
 FOUR PLAYS IN ONE. 
 
 KING AND No KING. 
 
 THE HONEST MAN'S FORTUNE. 
 
 THE COXCOMB. 
 
 CUPID'S REVENGE. 
 
 THE SCORNFUL LADY. 
 
 WIT WITHOUT MONEY. 
 
 WlT AT SEVERAL WEAPONS. 
 
 THE LITTLE FRENCH LAWYER. 
 
 THE CUSTOM OF THE COUNTRY. 
 
 BONDUCA. 
 
 THE LAWS OF CANDY. 
 
 THE KNIGHT OF MALTA. 
 
 THE FAITHFUL FRIENDS. 
 
 " Partnership in but seventeen out of fifty-two plays gives Beau 
 mont small apparent claim on the total joint-stock reputation. It 
 seems possible, however, that some others, not brought out till 
 after his death, may have been planned, and partly or wholly 
 written, with his co operation before it." Introduction to Moxons 
 edition, Lon., 1839. 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Beaumont was author, in addition to his works already 
 named, of a drama entitled The History of Mador, King 
 of Great Britain, now lost. Several other compositions 
 have been attributed to our literary partners, as well as to 
 Fletcher, in conjunction with others; in The History of 
 Cardenio, Shakspeare is said to have been his colleague. 
 (See Darley's Introduction, and Weber's edition, Lon., 1802, 
 8vo, 1814, 14 vols.) This edition was severely handled by 
 Gifford and Oct. Gilchrist. 
 
 We have already mentioned the early editions of Beau 
 mont's Poems. The Golden Remains of Francis Beau 
 mont and John Fletcher, 2d edit., with other Drolleries by 
 severall Wits of these present Times, was pub., Lon., 1660, 
 8vo. The first collected edition of the comedies and tra 
 gedies was pub., Lon., 1647, folio, with portrait of Fletcher. 
 This edition contains a dedication by ten comedians to 
 Philip, the Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery. It was 
 edited by John Shirley, and contained 36 plays, printed 
 for the first time. Also, Lon., 1650, in 4to; 1679, folio; 
 1711, 7 vols. 8vo ; with notes by Theobald, Seward, and 
 Sympson, 1750, 10 vols. 8vo; with notes by various com 
 mentators, 1778, 10 vols. 8vo, edit, by George Colman ; edit, 
 by Theobald, 1780, 10 vols. ; with notes by Henry Weber, 
 1812, 14 vols. 8vo, with portraits; edited by Dyce, 1843- 
 46, 11 vols. 8vo. Moxon's beautiful edition, 1839, has 
 been before referred to. This enterprising and highly 
 respectable publisher has issued, in the same superior 
 style, the works of Shakspeare, Ben Jonson, Dryden 
 Spenser, Massinger and Ford, Wycherley, Congreve, Van- 
 brugh, and Farquhar. To some of the works of this selec 
 tion there are such grave objections, that we cannot desire 
 their circulation, and there is hardly one author of the 
 whole to whom the pruning-knife should not be appliec 
 before he becomes an inmate in the domestic circle. Our 
 remarks upon certain dramatic writers (see COLLIER 
 JEREMY) may be consulted in this connexion. 
 
 The friendship existing between Beaumont and Fletcher 
 was of the most endearing kind. Aubrey tells us, in his 
 remarks upon Beaumont, 
 
 " There was a wonderful consimility of phansy between him and 
 Mr. Jo. Fletcher, which caused that dearnesse of friendship between 
 them. I have heard Dr. Jo. Earle (since Bish. of Sarum) say, who 
 knew them, that his maine businesse was to correct the overflow 
 ings of Mr. Fletcher's witt. They lived together on the Banke side 
 
 BEA 
 
 not fer from the play-house, both bachelors, lay together, ... the 
 same cloaths and cloake, &c., between them." 
 
 We proceed to quote the opinions of a number of writers 
 upon the works of our distinguished poet. Shirley, in 
 the preface to the first collected edition, (1647 see ante,) 
 after a laboured description of the constituents of true 
 
 This, you will say, is a vast comprehension, and hath not hap 
 pened in many years. Be it then remembered to the glory of our 
 own that all these are demonstrative, and met in Beaumont and 
 Fletcher whom but to mention is to throw a cloud upon all former 
 names, and benight posterity ; this book being, without flattery, 
 the greatest monument of the scene that time and humanity have 
 produced, and must live, not only the crown and sole reputation 
 of our own, but the stain of all other nations and languages." 
 
 We quote some specimens from the Commendatory 
 Verses prefixed to the works. The following refer to 
 Fletcher. 
 
 " Thou hast left unto the times so great 
 A legacy, a treasure so complete, 
 That 'twill be hard, I fear, to prove thy will: 
 Men will be wrangling, and in doubting still, 
 How so vast sums of wit were left behind, 
 And yet nor debts, nor sharers, they can find." 
 
 HENRY MOODY, BART. 
 
 " Then shall the country, that poor tennis-ball 
 Of angry fate, receive thy pastorall, 
 And from it learn those melancholy strains 
 Fed the afiiicted souls of primitive swains. 
 Thus the whole world to reverence will flock 
 Thy tragic buskin and thy comic sock : 
 And winged fame unto posterity 
 Transmit but only two, this age and thee." 
 
 THOMAS PEYTON. 
 
 And, by the court of Muses be 't decreed, 
 What graces spring from poesy's richer seed, 
 When we name Fletcher, shall be so proclaimed, 
 As all that's royal is, when Caesar's named." 
 
 ROBERT STAPYLTON, KNT. 
 " Jonson, Shakspeare, and thyself did sit, 
 And sway'd in the triumvirate of Wit. 
 Yet what from Jonson's oil and sweat did flow, 
 Or what more easy Nature did bestow 
 On Shakspeare's gentler muse in thee full grown 
 Their graces both appear." J. DENHAM. 
 " Fletcher, to thee, we do not only owe 
 All these good plays, but those of others too : 
 Thy wit repeated, does support the stage, 
 Credits the last, and entertains this, age. 
 No worthies form'd by any muse, but thine, 
 Could purchase robes to make themselves so fine." 
 
 EDM. WALLER. 
 
 " Fair star, ascend ! the joy, the life, the light 
 Of this tempestuous age, this dark world's sight! 
 Oh from thy crown of glory dart one flame 
 May strike a sacred reverence, whilst thy name 
 (Like holy flamens to their god of day) 
 We, bowing, sing; and whilst we praise, we pray." 
 
 RICH. LOVELACE. 
 
 The bad taste, if not impiety, of this apostrophe is not 
 at all singular in our old writers* We quote the compli 
 mentary epistle of Ben Jonson in answer to Beaumont's 
 letter to the former on The Fox : 
 
 "To MR. FRANCIS BEAUMONT. 
 " How I do love thee, Beaumont, and thy Muse. 
 That unto me dost such religion use ! 
 How I do fear myself, that am not worth 
 The least indulgent thought thy pen drops forth I 
 At once thou makest me happy, and unmakest, 
 And giving largely to me, more thou takest : 
 1 What fate is mine that so itself bereaves ? 
 What art is thine, that so thy friend deceives? 
 When even there, where most thou praisest me 
 For writing better, I must envy thee !" 
 
 We do not discontinue quotations from want of matter, 
 for of the Commendatory Verses inscribed to Fletcher, to 
 Beaumont, and to both together, there are no less than 
 twenty -five sets ! 
 
 Gerard Langbaine tells us, 
 
 " To speak first of Mr. Beaumont, he was master of a good wit, 
 and a better judgment; he so admirably well understood the art 
 of the stage, that even Jonson himself thought it no disparage 
 ment to submit his writings to his correction. . . . Mr. Fletcher's 
 wit was equal to Mr. Beaumont's judgment, and was so luxuriant, 
 that, like superfluous branches, it was frequently prun'd by his 
 judicious partner. These poets perfectly understood breeding, 
 and, therefore, successfully copy'd the conversation of gentlemen. 
 They knew how to describe the manners of the age; and Fletcher 
 had a peculiar talent in expressing all his thoughts with life and 
 briskness." Account of Dramat. Poets, 1691. 
 
 With reference to Jonson's deference to Beaumont's 
 judgment, we may barely refer to the amusing error of 
 Dryden, who will have it that " Rare Ben" submitted "all 
 of his plots" to the supervision of his sagacious friend; 
 which, Mr. Darley truly remarks, 
 
 " Would prove our author indeed a precocious genius, as Every 
 Man in His Humour was produced in 1596, when Beaumont was 
 but ten years old. But Dryden seems to have been the loosest 
 speaker, not an intentional liar, among all our great literati." 
 Dryden tells us that Beaumont and Fletcher's plays in 
 
BEA 
 
 his time were the most pleasing and frequent entertain- | 
 ments of the stage, two of theirs being acted through the j 
 year for one of Shakspeare's or of Jonson's. Sir John Ber- | 
 kenhead has no hesitation in avowing his preference for 
 Fletcher above Shakspeare : 
 
 " Brave Shakespear flow'd, yet had his ebbings too, 
 Often above himself, sometimes below ; 
 Thou always best. . . . 
 Shakespear was early up, and went so drest 
 As for these dawning hours he knew was best ; 
 But when the sun shone forth, you too thought fit 
 To wear just robes, and leave off trunk-hose wit." 
 Mr. Cartwright is of the same mind : 
 " Shakespear to thee was dull, whose best jest lies 
 I' th' Ladies' questions, and the Fool's replies ; 
 Old-fashioned wit, which walked from town to town, 
 In turn'd hose, which our fathers call'd the Clown ; 
 Whose wit our nice times would obsceneness call, 
 And which made bawdry pass for comical. 
 Nature was all his art; thy vein was free 
 As bis, but without his scurrility." 
 
 This commendation for decency, as contrasted with 
 Shakspeare, is so exceedingly preposterous, that we cannot 
 but wonder whether Cartwright ever really perused 
 Fletcher's writings. Rymer criticizes The Maid's Tragedy, 
 The Chances, and Valentinian, with great severity. He 
 sent one of his reviews to Dryden, who, in the blank leaves 
 before the beginning and after the end of the book, made 
 several remarks, as if he designed an answer to that gen 
 tleman. The following is not without interest : 
 
 " Shakespear and Fletcher have written to the genius of the 
 age and nation in which they lived; for though nature, as he 
 [Rymer] objects, is the same in all places, and reason, too, the same ; 
 yet the climate, the age, the disposition of the people to whom a 
 poet writes, may be so different, that what pleased the Greeks 
 would not satisfy an English audience." 
 
 We cordially concur in the following censure : 
 " Among the faults of Beaumont and Fletcher, their want of 
 decency calls for particular reprehension. In this respect they are 
 far more blameable than Shakespeare. The language they put into 
 the mouths of the best characters hath sometimes a freedom, we 
 might say a coarseness, in it, which cannot be justified from the 
 manners of the age, though that circumstance has been alleged in 
 palliation of their conduct." 
 
 It has been well remarked that 
 
 " Most writers (at least those of great abilities) are commonly 
 so jealous of their own productions, that they are very unwilling 
 to have another share with them in the fame of a single thought 
 that has met with success. How great, then, must have been the 
 resignation of our two poets; how noble a sacrifice must they 
 have made to self-love in thus blending their reputations, and 
 each communicating to each that light which would have made 
 them singly conspicuous." General Biog. Diet. 
 
 " Almost every one of Beaumont and Fletcher's fifty-two dramas 
 is founded upon Love. This fact might even alone serve for a 
 
 Es to mete the genius of our authors. Among all poetic sub- 
 love is the easiest to succeed with, being the most popular, 
 lect it over-often is, therefore, a mark of weakness ; a proof 
 of impotence to handle subjects, which interest less universally, 
 enthusiastically. No dramatist who has a heart will eschew love- 
 subjects; but they will be always chosen by many dramatisers 
 who have nothing else. . . . Beaumont and Fletcher seem to have 
 caught one deep truth of nature, their women are either far 
 more angelical or diabolical than their men. They have also deli 
 neated women much better, a mark, by the bye, of their feminine 
 fenius, if we must not call it effeminate or feeble. . . . Certain of 
 heir lyrics are very good, especially the Anacreontic. ' God Lyaeus 
 ever young,' in Valentinian, breathes a fine spirit of Bacchanalian 
 enthusiasm. But the string our lyrists touched most often was 
 that which, like the Teian bard's, ' responded love;' and which 
 often did so with exquisite sweetness 
 
 ' The very twang of Cupid's bow sung to it.' 
 Indeed, throughout their works, ' Venus the Victorious' seems to 
 have been the battle-word on which they relied, rather than ' Her 
 cules the Invincible,' though not always so successfully as Caesar. r 
 DARLEY. 
 
 Milton, doubtless, was largely indebted to Fletcher's 
 Faithful Shepherdess in his Comus. 
 
 "True, those thoughts thus transferred, frequently resemble 
 motes in the sunbeams, themselves fertile particles, glittering 
 with a radiance not their own." 
 
 " He who has not perused Beaumont and Fletcher can have no 
 complete idea of the riches of English poetry ; and they are the 
 only English dramatists whose distance from Shakspeare, in his 
 more peculiar excellencies, is not so immense as to make the de 
 scent painful. . . . Shakspeare has few portraits so exquisitely 
 beautiful as those of Aspasia and Bellario. and not many more 
 comic than those of Bessus and the little French lawyer. Their 
 grand excellencies are not so much the depicting of character, as 
 a rich vein of wit ; a native elegance of thought and expression, 
 and a wandering romantic fancy, delightful even in its wildest 
 moods. They do not possess the profound knowledge of human 
 nature which alone would have made Shakspeare immortal. They 
 cannot paint with the brush of a master the gradual progress of 
 a mind from confidence to suspicion, from suspicion to jealousy 
 and from jealousy to madness; or the fearful workings of a sou 
 racked between the ardent desire of an object which seems almost 
 Within the grasp, and the dread and abhorrence of the path of 
 crime by which that object must be attained. Their characters 
 are not so much beings of lofty intellect as of deep passion ; an<j 
 150 
 
 BEA 
 
 these passions are portrayed not in their rise and gradual progress, 
 but in their highest mood." Cunningham's Biog. Hist, of Eng. 
 
 " Fletcher had an excellent wit, which, the back friends to stage- 
 plays will say, was neither idle nor well employed ; for he and 
 Francis Beaumont, esquire, like Castor and Pollux, (most happy 
 when in conjunction.) raised the English to equal the Athenian 
 and Roman theatre ; Beaumont bringing the ballast of judgment, 
 Fletcher the sail of phantasy ; both compounding a poet to admi 
 ration." Fuller's Worthies. 
 
 The justice of this apportionment of wit and judgment 
 has been questioned : 
 
 " Since on the one hand, The Maid's Tragedy. Philaster, and the 
 King and No King, in which Beaumont is generally allowed to 
 have had the chief hand, exhibit more fancy, more of the qualities 
 by which Fletcher was distinguished than the majority of the other 
 plays which they are known to have written in conjunction ; while, 
 on "the other hand, those written by Fletcher alone, are, on the 
 whole, equal in point of taste and judgment to most of those in 
 which Beaumont assisted him." 
 
 It cannot be denied that they are lyrical and descriptive poets 
 of the highest order; every page of their writings is a.Jiorihgium: 
 they are dramatic poets of the second class in point of knowledge, 
 variety, vivacity, and effect ; there is hardly a passion, character, 
 or situation, which they have not touched in their devious range, 
 and whatever they touched they adorned with some new grace or 
 striking feature: they are masters of style and versification in 
 almost every variety of melting modulation or sounding pomp of 
 which they are capable : in comic wit and spirit, they are scarcely 
 surpassed by any writers of our age." HAZLITT : Age of Elizabeth. 
 " Their charm is, vigour and variety ; their defects, a coarseness 
 and grotesqueness that betray no circumspection. There is so much 
 more hardihood than discretion in the arrangement of their scenes, 
 that, if Beaumont's taste and judgment had the disposal of them 
 he fully proved himself the junior partner. . . . But it is not pro 
 bable that their departments were so divided. Still, however, the 
 scanty lights that enable us to guess at what they respectively 
 wrote seem to warrant that distinction in the cast of their genius 
 which is made in the poet's allusion to 
 
 ' Fletcher's keen treble, and deep Beaumont's bass.' " 
 
 G-impbett's Essay on English Poetry. 
 
 That Fletcher was not entirely excluded from a share in the 
 conduct of the drama, may be gathered from a story related by 
 Winstanley, that our two bards having concerted the rough draught 
 of a tragedy over a bottle of wine at a tavern, Fletcher said he 
 would undertake ' to kill the king,' which words being caught by 
 the waiter, who had not overheard the context of their conversa 
 tion, he lodged an information of treason against them. But on 
 their explanation that it only meant the compassing the death of 
 a theatrical monarch, and their loyalty moreover being unques 
 tioned, the affair ended in a jest." 
 
 We should not omit to quote the opinion of that very 
 competent critic, Sir Walter Scott : 
 
 " Beaumont and Fletcher have still a high poetical value. If 
 character be sometimes violated, probability discarded, and the 
 interest of the plot neglected, the reader is, on the other hand, 
 often gratified by the most beautiful description, the most tender 
 and passionate dialogue, a display of brilliant wit and gaiety, or a 
 feast of comic humour. These attributes had so much effect on 
 the public, that, during the end of the 17th and the beginning of 
 the 18th centuries, many of Beaumont and Fletcher's plays bad 
 possession of the stage, while those of Shakspeare were laid upon 
 the shelf." Article "Drama," Encyc. Brit. 
 
 We refer the reader to Schlegel's review of our authors; 
 a short extract must suffice here : 
 
 " Beaumont and Fletcher were in fact men of the most distin 
 guished talents ; they scarcely wanted any thing more than a pro- 
 founder seriousness of mind, and that artistic sagacity which every 
 where observes a due measure, to rank beside the greatest dramatic 
 poets of all nations. They possessed extraordinary fecundity and 
 flexibility of mind, and a facility which, however, too often degene 
 rated into carelessness. The highest perfection they have hardly 
 ever attained ; and I should have little hesitation in affirming that 
 they had not even an idea of it: however, on several occasions 
 they have approached quite close to it. And why was it denied them 
 to take this last step? Because with them poetry was not an in 
 ward devotion of the feeling and imagination, but a means to 
 obtain brilliant results. Their first object was effect, which the 
 great artist can hardly fail of attaining if he is determined above 
 all things to satisfy himself." Dramatic Literature. 
 
 The student will do well to consult, also, the classic pages 
 of Mr. Hall am : 
 
 " The sentiments and style of Fletcher, when not concealed by 
 obscurity, or corruption of the text, are very dramatic. We cannot 
 deny that the depths of Shakspeare's mind were often unfathom 
 able by an audience ; the bow was drawn by a matchless hand, but 
 the shaft went out of sight. All might listen to Fletcher's pleas 
 ing, though not profound or vigorous, language; his thoughts are 
 noble, and tinged with the ideality of romance, his metaphors vi 
 vid, though sometimes too forced ; he possesses the idiom of Eng 
 lish without much pedantry, though in many passages he strains 
 it beyond common use ; his versification, though studiously inv.ru- 
 lar, is often rhythmical and sweet. Yet we are seldom arrested by 
 striking beauties ; good lines occur in every page, fine ones but 
 rarely; we lay down the volume with a sense of admiration of 
 what we have read, but little of it remains distinctly in the me 
 mory. Fletcher is not much quoted, and has not even afforded 
 copious materials to those who cull the beauties of ancient lore. 
 In variety of character there can be no comparison between Fletcher 
 and Shakspeare." Literary History of Europe. 
 
 Another eminent critic is of opinion that Fletcher mo 
 delled his plays upon Shakspeare's comedies : 
 
 " It was these, with their idealized truth of character, their poetic 
 beauty of imagery, their mixture of the grave with the playful in 
 
BEA 
 
 thought, their rapid and skilful transitions from the tragic to the 
 comic in feeling; it was these, the pictures in which Shakspeare 
 had made his nearest approach to portraying actual life, and not 
 those pieces in which he transports the imagination into his own 
 vast and awful world of tragic action, and suffering, and emotion 
 that attracted Fletcher's fancy, and proved congenial to his cast 
 of feeling." T. B. MACAULAT. 
 
 "> Whatever may be their just place as dramatists, Beaumont and 
 Fletcher were better poets than any of their dramatic contempora 
 ries, except Shakspeare himself. They mounted higher -on the 
 wings of ideal contemplation. None can be compared to them for 
 exuberance and grace of fancy, none for their delicacy and tender 
 ness of feeling in passages of emotion." 
 
 How much is it to be lamented that poets of such rare 
 endowments should have debased the muse to the shock 
 ing licentiousness which disfigures passages otherwise of 
 marvellous beauty ! Professor Shaw justly remarks : 
 
 "Nor is it much palliation to consider this licentiousness of 
 speech as the vice of the times. It is true that the charge of in 
 decency may be safely maintained against nearly all the writers 
 of this wonderful period, and we know that the stage has a pecu 
 liar tendency to fall into this error : but Shakspeare has shown us 
 that it is very possible to avoid this species of pruriency, and to 
 pourtray the "female character not in its warmth only and its ten 
 derness, but also in its purity. The most singular thing is, that 
 many of the more indelicate scenes and much of the coarsest lan- 
 guace in Beaumont and Fletcher will be found to have been com 
 posed with the express purpose of exhibiting the virtue and pu- 
 
 BEA 
 
 is the Britannia's Pastorals of Browne. In other respects it has 
 no pretensions to a high rank." Hattam's Literary History. 
 
 " Bosworth Field may be compared with Addison's Campaign, 
 ithout a high compliment to either. Sir John has no fancy, but 
 there is force and dignity in some of his passages." CAMPBELL. 
 
 " His poems are written with much spirit, elegance, and har 
 mony." WORDSWORTH. 
 
 " Thy care for that, which was not worth thy breath, 
 Brought on too soon thy much-lamented death. 
 But Heav'n was kind, and would not let thee see 
 The plagues that must upon this nation be, 
 By whom the Muses have neglected been, 
 Which shall add weight and measure to their sin." 
 
 Drayton to Beaumont. 
 
 Beaumont, John. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1676, '81, '84. 
 Beaumont, John, Jr., among other works, 1693- 
 1724, wrote a work to prove the existence of witches and 
 apparitions; Treatise of Spirits, <fcc., Lon., 1705, 8vo. 
 
 Beaumont, Joseph, D.D., 1615-1699, a descendant 
 of the ancient family of the name in Leicestershire, was 
 entered at Peterhouse, Cambridge, at the age of 16. He 
 was elected Fellow and tutor, but was ejected in 1643. 
 In 1663 he became master of his college. He attacked 
 Dr. Henry More's work, The Mystery of Godliness, pub. 
 in 1665, and for his zeal received the thanks of the uni 
 versity, which elected him Professor of Divinity. His 
 Poems in English and Latin were pub. in 1749, 4to, with 
 
 rity of their heroines." Outlines of Eng. Literature. 
 
 "There may be quoted from them many short passages, and | a . . ,-, . 
 
 some entire scenes, as delightful as any thing in the range of poe- j an Appendix containing comments on the Epistle to the 
 
 try ; sometimes pleasing by their rich imagery, sometimes by their 
 profound pathos, and not unfrequently, by their elevation and 
 purity of thought and feeling. But there are very few of the plays 
 whose stories can be wholly told without offence; and there is none 
 that should be read entirely by a young person." Spalding's Hist. 
 
 Colossians. 
 
 " His Latin Poems, although perhaps superior in style, are yet 
 below the purity of the Augustan age." 
 
 His principal work was Psyche, or Love's Mystery, in 
 24 cantos, displaying the Intercourse between Christ and 
 
 .1 ri i mui,, 'Urt, tn. J^\ A i .1.1 1 1 i\A *7 -fin laTiorl VmfVvrft 
 
 This unhappy mingling of nobility of style and eleva- t ne g O ul. This was begun in April, 1647, finished before 
 >n of sentiment with vulgarity of incident and obscenity | the end of " ' " ' 1 ' ^ 
 
 March, 1648, and pub. in the same year, folio, 
 
 of language this unsightly admixture of the " fine gold ! This poem was once very popular, but has been long ne- 
 of the head" with the " clay of the feet," to borrow a simile glected. Pope is reported to have said of it, 
 from the inspired vision of the prophet of the Captivity, ! 
 will ever be regretted by all who desire that literature 
 should be the hand-maid of morality, and intellectual re 
 finement the coadjutor of religious truth. 
 
 We close our sketch of these great dramatists with the 
 beautiful comparison of Mr. Campbell : 
 
 " There are such extremes of grossness and magnificence in their 
 dramas, so much sweetness and beauty interspersed with views 
 of nature either falsely romantic or vulgar beyond reality ; there is 
 
 There are in it a great many flowers well worth gathering, and 
 a man who has the art of stealing wisely will find his account in 
 reading it." 
 
 " The number of lines it contains is 38,922, being considerably 
 longer than the Fairie Queene, nearly four times the length of 
 Paradise Lost, or Henry More's Poem, five or six times as long as 
 the Excursion, and reducing the versified novels of modern times 
 to utter insignificance." See Ketrosp. Review xi. 288-307 ; xii. 
 229-48 ; where are copious extracts. 
 
 Beaumont, J. T. B. Political Works, Ac., 1803-08. 
 
 so much to animate and amuse us. and yet so much that we would j Beaumont, Joseph. Mathemat. Sleaving Tables, 
 willingly overlook, that I cannot help comparing the contrasted -~. , , 1 71 9 gyo 
 
 Love's Missives to Virtue, 
 
 impressions which they make to those which we receive from visit 
 ing some great and ancient city, picturesquely but irregularly 
 built, glittering with spires, and surrounded by gardens, but ex 
 hibiting in many quarters the lanes and haunts of wretchedness. 
 They have scenes of wealth and high life, which remind us of 
 courts and palaces frequented by elegant females and high-spirited 
 gallants, whilst their old martial characters, with Caractacus in the 
 midst of them, may inspire us with the same sort of regard which 
 we pay to the rough-hewn magnificence of an ancient fortress." 
 
 Beaumont, Francis William C. E., b. 1814. 
 Improvement of Dublin Bay, 1840. Tracts on Common 
 Road Locomotives. 
 
 Beaumont, G. The Law of Life and Fire Insurance, 
 2d ed., Lon., 1846. Copyhold Tenure, Lon., 1835. 
 
 Beaumont, G. D. B. Code of Real Property. Lon., 
 1827, 8vo. 
 
 Beaumont, Sir Harry, a name assumed by Joseph 
 Spence. See post. 
 
 Beaumont, J. A. Sermon, Acts vi. 7 ; More Bishops, 
 more Priests, more Deacons. How to Increase the Effi 
 ciency of the Church. [Visitation.] 8vo, Leeds., 1846. 
 
 Beaumont, J. F. A. Travels and other Works, 
 1792-1805. 
 
 Beaumont, Sir John, 1582-1628, was the second 
 son of Judge Francis Beaumont, and an elder brother of 
 Francis, the celebrated dramatic poet. He was entered a 
 gentleman commoner of Broadgates' Hall, (now Pembroke 
 College,) Oxford, in 1596. After some attention to the 
 study of the law, he retired to the family seat at Grace- 
 Dieu, Leicestershire. 
 
 Anth. Wood ascribes to him The Crown of Thorns, a 
 poem in 8 books, never printed. His son gave his father's 
 writings to the world, under the title of Bosworth Field, 
 with a Taste of the Variety of Other Poems, 1629. Pages 
 181-2 are missing in all copies. 
 
 " The chaste complexion of the whole shows that to genius he 
 added virtue and delicacy." 
 
 " Bosworth Field certainly contains many original specimens of 
 the heroic style, not exceeded by any of his contemporaries, and 
 the imagery is frequently just and striking. The lines describing 
 the death of the tyrant may be submitted with confidence to the 
 admirers of Shakspeare. Among his lesser poems, a few sparklings 
 of invention may now and then be discovered, and his transla 
 tions are, in general, spirited and correct." 
 
 " The commendation of improving the rhythm of the couplet is 
 due also to Sir John Beaumont, author of a short poem on the 
 
 Beaumont, Robert. 
 
 with Essaies, Lon., 1660, sm. 8vo. 
 
 "The letters are so full of the common-place inflation of affected 
 love-passion, that a very scanty specimen may suffice. . . . The 
 Essays are 15 in number; they are full of trope and figure, but 
 frequently with much force of application, though quaint and 
 sententious." See Restituta, vol. iii. p. 278. 
 
 Beaumont, Wm. Translations from the French: 
 Zimmerman, Lon., 1792, 8vo. Anacharsis the Younger, 
 Lon., 1796, 5 vols. 8vo. The Arabian Nights Entertain 
 ments, Lon., 1811, 4 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Beaumont, William, M.D., surgeon, U. S. Navy, 
 1796-1853. His physiological experiment with the Cana 
 dian, St. Martin, won him a wide and honourable name in 
 his profession. The results of his observations were pub. 
 in 1833 and 1847, and extensively republished in England 
 and on the Continent. See COMBE, ANDREW, M.D. 
 
 Beavan, Charles. Ordines Cancellariae, Lon., 1845. 
 
 Reports of Cases in the Rolls Court, 17 vols. 8vo, Lon., 
 
 1840, &G. Orders of the Court of Chancery, 1814-53, 12mo. 
 
 Beavan, Edwd. Box-hill ; a descrip. Poem, 1777, 4to. 
 
 Beavan, James. Theolog. Works, Oxf. and Lon., 
 
 1838-41. 
 
 Beaver, George. Sermons, 1796-1800. 
 Beaver, John, a monk of Westminster of the 14th 
 century. 1. A Chronicle of Britain. 2. De Rebus Coeno- 
 bii Westmonasteriensis. They remain in MS. 
 
 Beaver, John, a monk of St. Alban's, wrote some 
 pieces, which remain in MS. 
 
 Beaver, John. Roman Military Punishments, Lon., 
 1725, 4to, with plates ; which, being by Hogarth, render 
 the book of great value. Sold, large paper, with addi 
 tional plates, Steevens, 13 5s. ; with head pieces and du 
 plicates, Nassau, 21 ; Baker, 21. 
 
 Beaver, Capt. Philip, R.N. African Memoranda, 
 Lon., 1805, 4to. 
 
 "An interesting, well-written work, and of which every page 
 bears internal evidence of the strictest veracity." 
 
 Beawes, Wyndham. Lex Mercatoria; or a com 
 plete code of Commercial Law, <fec., Lon., 1750, fol.j 6th 
 ed. by Joseph Chitty, 2 vols., Lon., 1813, 4to. In part 
 compiled from Savary's Dictionnaire de Commerce, and 
 other authorities. 
 
BEA 
 
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 " Perhaps the roost comprehensive and useful that has ever been 
 compiled." CHITTY. 
 
 " This is a much superior work to that of Malyn's. It contains 
 a full and very valuable collection of the rules and usages of law 
 on the subject of bills of exchange. Beawes is frequently cited 
 in our books as an authority in mercantile customs." CH ANC. KENT. 
 
 Beazley, Samuel, 1786-1851. 1. Oxonians. 2. 
 Roue. Author of upwards of 100 dramatic pieces. He was 
 the architect of several theatres in London. 
 
 Becher, Henry, trans. Two Bookes of St. Am 
 brose, 1561. 
 
 Becher, Henry. Sermon, 1728, 4to. 
 
 Becher, J.T. The Anti-Pauper System, Lon., 1828,8vo. 
 
 Beck, Cave. The Universal Character, by which all 
 Nations may understand one another's Conceptions, Lon., 
 1657, 8vo. 
 
 " A curious work, with a frontispiece, containing, as it is sup 
 posed, a portrait of the author under the figure of the European." 
 LOWNDES. 
 
 Beck, Geo., 1749-1812, trans. Anacreon, parts of 
 Homer, &c. 
 
 Beck, John B., 1794-1851. Infant Therapeutics, N. 
 York, 1849, 12mo. 
 
 Beck, Lewis C., 1790-1853, b. in Schenectady, N. Y., 
 October, 1790; graduated at Union College. His attain 
 ments in the Natural Sciences were remarkable. He pub. 
 works on Botany and Chemistry, and one on the Mine 
 ralogy of New York. For many years he was the Profes 
 sor of Chemistry and the Natural Sciences at Rutgers 
 College in New Brunswick, N.J., and subsequently Pro 
 fessor of Chemistry in the Albany Medical College. 
 
 Beck, T. A. History and Antiquities of Furness 
 Abbey, Lon., 1844, r. 4to : a valuable work. 
 
 Beck, Theodoric Romeyn, M.D., LL.I)., 1791- 
 1855, b. at Schenectady, N. York j graduated at Union 
 College, 1807; for many years Prof. Institutes of Medicine, 
 Ac. in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Western 
 New York. In connexion with his brother, John B. Beck, 
 Elements of Medical Jurisprudence; 7th ed., brought down 
 to the present time, including the notes of Dr. Dunlap and 
 Dr. Darwell, Lon., 1842, 8vo ; 10th ed., Albany, 1850, 
 2 vols.; 1st ed., 1823. At the close of vol. ii. is a list of 
 the principal works upon Medical Jurisprudence. 
 
 " It embraces all that is really useful either to the physician or 
 lawyer." 2 Law Chron. 280 ; Warren's Law Studies, 179 ; 2 Page, 42. 
 
 T. R. Beck has also pub. 1. Botany of U. States. 2. Che 
 mistry. 3. Adulteration of Medicine. 
 
 Beck, Thos. Three Poetical Works, Lon., 1795-1808. 
 
 Beck, William. Dr. Sacheverell's Vindication, 
 Lon., 1709, 8vo. 
 
 Becke, Edmon. A Brefe Confutation of the most 
 detestable and anabaptistical opinion, that Christ dyd not 
 take hys flesh of the blessed vyrgyn Mary, [in metre,] 
 Lon., by John Day, 1550, 4to. Unnoticed by Herbert, but 
 in Ritson's Bibliographia Poetica. 
 
 Becket, Andrew. Shakespeare's himself again; or 
 the Language of the Poet asserted : comprised in a series 
 of 1600 notes illustrative of the more difficult passages in 
 his plays, 2 vols. in 1 8vo, 1815. Other works. 
 
 Dramatic Works, edited by Dr. Beattie, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 Becket, J., M.D. Professional Treatise, 1765, 8vo. 
 
 Becket, J. B. Hydrostatic Balance, 1775, 8vo. 
 
 Becket, Joseph. Mensuration, <fec., Lon., 1804, 8vo. 
 
 Becket, N. Trans. Gerard's Holie Ministrie, 1598. 
 
 Becket, St. Thomas a, Archbishop of Canterbury, 
 b. 1117 or 1119, d. 1170, was the son of Gilbert, a Cru 
 sader, afterwards a merchant of London, and Matilda, a 
 Saracen damsel, who is said to have fallen in love with 
 him when he was a prisoner to her father in Jerusalem. 
 He was born in London, cruelly murdered, and buried at 
 Canterbury. The life of this eminent prelate belongs to 
 political, rather than to literary, history. His literary re 
 mains consist only of a volume of letters, 435 in number, 
 which passed between distinguished men in Europe rela 
 tive to the affairs of the English church. To this volume, 
 printed 1495, and at Brussels in 1682, is prefixed the 
 Quadrapartite Life, or De Vita et processu S. Thomse Can- 
 tuariensis et Martyris super Libertate Ecclesiastica. This 
 Life is collected out of four historians, who were contem 
 porary and conversant with Becket, viz., Herbert de Hos- 
 Cham, Johannes Carnotensis, Gulielmus Canterburiensis 
 and Alanus Teukesburiensis, who are introduced as so 
 many relaters of facts interchangeably. The only writing 
 attributed to Becket besides his epistles, is a Latin hymn 
 to the Virgin, commencing with the words Gaude flore 
 virginali, which is in MS. Some letters of his, besides 
 those published, exist among the Cottonian MS. 
 
 " The Latinity of the Archbi&hop's letters is plain, flowing, and 
 
 perspicuous, that of a man who both spoke and wrote the lan 
 guage freely; and they display a warmth of feeling, genuine piety, 
 and highness of principle, for which those whose ideas of Becket 
 have been formed from popular historians will not give him 
 credit." 
 
 See Biog. Brit ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ; Rose's do. ; 
 Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.; Henry's History of G. Britain; 
 Lyttleton's History of Henry II. ; Berington's do. 
 
 Becket, Thps. Chirurgical Remarks, Lon., 1709, 8vo. 
 
 Becket, William. Trans. Calvin upon Philipp.. 
 Lon., 1584, 4to. 
 
 Becket, William, 1684-1738, an eminent surgeon, 
 born at Abingdon in Berkshire, was author of several 
 profess, works. Cure of Cancers, Lon., 1711, 8vo. In 
 quiry relative to the King's Evil, 1722, 8vo. A number 
 of pieces relative to the Plague, pub. anon, in 1722. Chi 
 rurgical Observations, Lon., 1740, 8vo. A Collection of 
 Chirurgical Tracts, Lon., 1740, 8vo. He also composed a 
 brief account of the History and Antiquities of Berkshire. 
 
 Becket, William a. Universal Biography ; includ 
 ing scriptural, classical, and mythological Memoirs; to 
 gether with Accounts of many eminent living Characters. 
 Illustrated with portraits, 3 vols., Lon., 1840, 8vo. 
 
 Becket, Gilbert Abbott a, 1810-1856, a noted 
 humourist, born in London. In 1825, eight of his dra 
 matic productions were published in Duncomb's British 
 Theatre. In 1828, '29, nine more appeared in Cumber 
 land's British Theatre; and, in 1837, four others were pub 
 lished in Webster's Acting Drama. Small Debts Act, 1845. 
 Comic Blackstone, 1844-46. Comic History of England, 
 1848. Comic History of Rome, 1852. Edit. George Cruik- 
 shank's Table Book, 1845 ; Quizziology of the British 
 Drama, 1846. In 1830, he started Figaro in London, which 
 was the precursor of Punch; and to the latter journal he 
 was a constant and prominent contributor. He also wrote 
 for the Times, <fec. 
 
 " The author is one of the wittiest writers of the day. Few 
 could have travestied so well the real Blackstone, following it lite 
 rally step by step." 
 
 Beckford, Peter, was a relative of the celebrated 
 William Beckford. He was an enthusiast on the subject 
 of hunting, and gave his experience to the world in his 
 Thoughts on Hunting, in a series of Letters, 1781, 4to. 
 Essays on Hunting ; containing a philosophical Inquiry 
 into the Nature and Properties of Scent : on different Kinds 
 of Hounds, Hares, <fcc., with an Introduction, describing the 
 Method of Hare-hunting among the Greeks, Lon., 1781, 8vo. 
 
 " Never had fox or hare the honour of being chased to death by 
 so accomplished a hunter, from the time of Nimrod to the preseut 
 day; never was a huntsman's dinner graced with such urbanity 
 and wit ; and never did the red wine of Oporto confuse the intel 
 lect of so politic a sportsman. He would bag a fox in Greek, find 
 a hare in Latin, inspect his kennels in Italian, and direct the eco 
 nomy of the stable in exquisite 1'rench." See this amusing re 
 view, with copious extracts, in the Retrosp. Review, xiii. '2:50-47. 
 
 Beckford, William. Negroes in Jamaica, 1788, 8vo. 
 Account of Jamaica, 1790, 2 vols. 8vo. History of France, 
 Lon., 1 794, 4 vols. 8vo. The ancient part by W. Beckford ; 
 the modern part by an English gentleman, for some time 
 resident in Paris. 
 
 " Mr. Beckford and his associate have presumed that there is still 
 room for another history of that nation. The work which their 
 joint labours have produced is, however, by no means either a com 
 plete or a uniform history." Lon. M/mthly Review. 
 
 Beckford, William, 1760-1844, was the son of the 
 well-known Alderman Beckford, Lord-mayor of London, 
 celebrated for having bearded King George III. on his 
 throne, on the occasion of presenting a petition and re 
 monstrance to his majesty. His son succeeded at the age 
 of 10 years to a fortune of upwards of 100,000 per an 
 num, consisting in part of the estate at Fonthill, and a 
 large property in the West Indies. Young Beckford had 
 the advantage of the watchful care of his sponsor, his 
 father's friend, the great Earl of Chatham. The proprie 
 tor of Fonthill determined to erect a splendid superstruc 
 ture which should embody his conceptions of architectural 
 beauty. In this design and other fancies he expended in 
 sixteen years the enormous sum of 273,000. One tower 
 employed 460 men both by day and by night through an 
 entire winter, the torches used by "the nocturnal workmen 
 being visible to the astonished travellers at miles distant 
 Fragility was a necessary consequence of such "un tem 
 pered" haste; and a gale of wind brought the lofty pile to 
 the ground. Mr. Beckford regretted that he had not been 
 present when so grand a ruin occurred ; and he ordered the 
 erection of another tower of 276 feet: this also fell in 1825. 
 Beckford purchased an estate at Cintra, that "glorious 
 Eden of the South :" here he built himself a palace for a 
 residence. Lord Byron alludes to this fairy-palace and its 
 lord in Childe Harold, canto i. 
 

 BEG 
 
 Had the philanthropic spirit of Howard, rather than the 
 ignoble idolatry of self, animated the bosom of " England's 
 wealthiest son," he had not been " lone" in heart amid his 
 regal splendour. The happiness then diffused by him 
 would have irradiated his own path, and thousands would 
 have arisen to call him blessed. It is vain for that man 
 to expect peace upon earth who perverts the design of his 
 creation' by " living to himself!" 
 
 Mr. Beckford possessed a very valuable collection of 
 pictures, books, and curiosities; his knowledge of the fine 
 arts and general accomplishments were of the highest 
 order. In 1822 Fonthill was thrown open to strangers, 
 preparatory to a sale. 7,200 catalogues were disposed of 
 at a guinea each. It was, however, sold by private con 
 tract (some books, pictures, <fcc., reserved from the collec 
 tion) to John Farquhar, Esq., for 330,000. In the follow 
 ing year the collection was sold by Mr. Philips, occupying 
 37 days. See works on Fonthill by Britton, Rutter, Sto- 
 rer, <fcc. ; Historical Notices of Fonthill Abbey, Wiltshire, 
 by Mr. Nichols, 4to, 1836; Gent. Mag. 1844. 
 
 In 1783 Mr. Beckford married Lady Margaret Gordon, 
 daughter of the Earl of Aboyne, who died in 1786, leaving 
 issue two daughters, one of whom married Lieutenant-Ge 
 neral (then Colonel) James Orde ; and the other married 
 Alexander, Duke of Hamilton, Brandon, and Chatelherault. 
 Mr. Beckford was lineally descended from the blood royal 
 of Scotland, and an "extraordinary accumulation of de 
 scents from royal and illustrious houses" concentred in his 
 person. 
 
 We may now consider Mr. Beckford as an author, and 
 here, in his own line, he is entitled to as high a position 
 as he might have justly claimed as a virtuoso. At the 
 age of 19 he pub. Biographical Memoirs of Extraordinary 
 Painters, Lon., sm. 8vo, 1780, a work satirizing some En 
 glish artists under feigned names. 
 
 " This volume is an object of curiosity, as it exhibits the germs 
 of some of the finest passages in the subsequent work of the writer, 
 Vathek. The description of the imaginary hall in the ark of Noah, 
 in the tale of Andrew Guelph, and Og of Basan, possesses much 
 of the wild sublimity and mysterious interest which characterizes 
 the account of the hall of Eblis ; and the touches of playful satire 
 which frequently occur to relieve the sombre character of the nar 
 rative, in some parts of Vathek, are not less visible in these Me 
 moirs. We conceive that few persons can read these fictitious 
 biographies, without wishing that the author had oftener favoured 
 the world with his lucubrations. Industry alone seems to have 
 been wanting to have raised him to a level with the greatest novel 
 ists of the age." 
 
 " They are a series of sharp and brilliant satires on the Dutch 
 and Flemish schools; the language polished and pointed; the 
 sarcasm at once deep and delicate; a performance in which buoy 
 ancy of juvenile spirit sets off the results of already extensive ob 
 servation, and the judgments of a refined (though far too fastidi 
 ous and exclusive) taste." Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 The celebrated romance of Vathek was published in 
 French at Lausanne in 1787. The English edition, issued 
 in 1786, was a translation not made by the author,- nor 
 by his consent. Several editions in English have been 
 published. So admirable was the French original for 
 " style and idiom, that it was considered by many as the 
 work of a Frenchman." 
 
 Lord Byron, a very competent judge both of the subject 
 and the way in which it should be treated, praises Vathek 
 in the highest terms: 
 
 "For correctness of costume, beauty of description, and power 
 of imagination, this most Eastern and sublime tale surpasses all 
 European imitations; and bears such marks of oriirinality that 
 those who have visited the East will have some difficulty 'in be 
 lieving it to be more than a translation. ... As an Eastern tale 
 even Rasselas must bow before it : his Happy Valley will not bear 
 a comparison with the Hall of Eblis." 
 
 A high authority thus comments upon the noble critic 
 and his subject : 
 
 " Vathek is, indeed, without reference to the time of life when 
 the author penned it, a very remarkable performance: but file 
 most of the works of the great poet who has thus eloquently prateed 
 it, it is stained with some poison-spots; its inspiration is too often 
 such as might have been inhaled in the Hall of Kblis. Wedo not 
 allude so much to its audacious licentiousness, as to the diabofi- 
 cal levity of its contempt for mankind. The boy-author appears 
 already to have rubbed all the bloom off his heart; and, Fn the 
 midst of his dazzling genius, one trembles to think that a strin- 
 hng of years so tender should have attained the cool cynicism of a 
 iMinht/r. Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 " Vathek. the finest of Oriental romances, as Lalla Rookh is the 
 finest of Oriental poems." North's Memoir of Beckford. 
 
 In 1834, after lying unpublished (though printed) for 
 icar half a century, appeared Italy, with sketches of Spain 
 I Portugal, in a Series of Letters written during a Resi 
 dence in those Countries, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 C^t^Llate^o^^S^ff ^ Stain- 
 thoughts, images, and expressions, which had bee adopted Thy 
 other authors whom he had from time to time received beneath 
 
 BEG 
 
 | his roof and indulged with a perusal of his secret lucubrations. 
 ... His book is entirely unlike any book of Travels in prose that 
 | exists in any European language; and if we could fancy Lord By 
 ron to have written the Harold in the measure of Don Juan, and 
 I to have availed himself of the facilities which the ottava rima af- 
 | fords for intermingling high poetry with merriment of all sorts, 
 i and especially with sarcastic sketches of living manners, we be 
 lieve the result would have been a work more nearly akin to that 
 now before us than any other in the library. He is a poet, and a 
 great one, too, though we know not that he ever wrote a line of 
 verse. His raptures amidst the sublime scenery of mountains and 
 forests, in the Tyrol, especially, and in Spain, is that of a spirit cast 
 originally in one of Nature's finest moulds; and he fixes it in lan 
 guage which can scarcely be praised beyond its deserts simple, 
 massive, nervous, apparently little laboured, yet revealing, in its 
 effect, the perfection of art. Some immortal passages in Gray's 
 letters, and Byron's diaries, are the only things, in our tongue, 
 that seem to us to come near the profound melancholy, blended 
 with a picturesque description at once true and startling, of many 
 of these extraordinary pages. Nor is his sense for the highest 
 beauties of art less exquisite. He seems to us to describe classical 
 architecture, and the. pictures of the great Italian schools, with a 
 most passionate feeling of the grand, and with an inimitable grace 
 of expression. On the other hand, he betrays, in a thousand 
 places, a settled voluptuousness of temperament, and a capricious 
 recklessness of self indulgence, which will lead the world to iden 
 tify him henceforth with his Vathek as inextricably as it has long 
 since connected Harold with the poet that drew him. . . . We risk 
 nothing in predicting that Mr. Beckford's Travels will henceforth 
 be classed among the most elegant productions of modern litera 
 ture: they will be forthwith translated into every language on the 
 Continent and will keep his name alive, centuries after all the 
 brass and marble he ever piled together have ceased to vibrate 
 with the echoes of Modenhas." Lon. Quarterly Revieiv, li. 426. 
 
 Another authority of great reputation, which has guillo 
 tined as many unhappy authors in a lustre or two past as 
 did the Edinburgh Review in the first twenty years of its 
 " destructive ravages," thus commends the book under our 
 notice : 
 
 " A work rich in scenes of beauty and of life. It is a prose poem. 
 The writer was a young enthusiast, with a passionate love of the 
 ideal and the spiritual, whether in art or nature : travelling had 
 little to do with the work but to call forth feeling; in proof, it was 
 written fifty years ago, yet, though the road has since been tra 
 velled by others to utter weariness, it is as fresh and delightful as 
 if the ink were not dry with which it was written. There are 
 scenes in these volumes not to be excelled in modern poetry; pic 
 tures where words are as rich in colour and in beauty as the pen 
 cil of Turner: the rest is but the connecting link which holds 
 them together. We are not sure that all will agree in this judg 
 ment; but the work will assuredly 'fit audience find,' and take 
 a permanent rank in our libraries. ... In the account of Portu 
 gal there is everywhere the same vivid picturing, the same rich 
 colouring, the same passion and power; but instead of scenes from 
 inanimate nature, we have them from life. . . . Our extracts, with 
 the exception of those relating to Venice, have been taken almost 
 at random, so rich is the work in scenes of beauty and of life." 
 London Athenaum, 1834. 
 
 Mr. Beckford has connected his name still more closely 
 with Portugal, by his Recollections of an Excursion to the 
 Monasteries of Alcobaca and Batalha, published in 1835. 
 The excursion was made in June, 1794, at the desire of the 
 Prince Regent of Portugal. 
 
 m "The monastery Alcobaca was the grandest ecclesiastical edifice 
 in that country, with paintings, antique tombs, and fountains; 
 the noblest architecture, in the finest situation, and inhabited by 
 monks who lived like princes. The whole of these sketches are 
 interesting, and present a gorgeous picture of ecclesiastical pomp 
 and wealth." Lon. Gent. Mag. 
 
 The travellers were " conducted to the kitchen by the 
 abbot, in his costume of High Almoner of Portugal, that 
 they might see what preparations had been made to re 
 gale them." 
 
 " Through the centre of the immense and nobly-groined hall, 
 not less than sixty feet in diameter, ran a brisk rivulet of the 
 clearest water, containing every sort and size of the finest river 
 fish. On one side, loads of game and venison were heaped up 
 On the other, vegetables and fruits, in endless variety. Beyond 
 a long line of stoves, extended a row of ovens, and close to them 
 hillocks of wheaten flour whiter than snow, rocks of su-ar iars of 
 the purest oil, and pastry in vast abundance, which a "numerous 
 tribe of lay brothers and their attendants were rolling out, and 
 p v," U , P lnt ? a hundred different shapes, singing all the while 
 as blithely as larks in a corn field." 
 
 This magnificent monastery was plundered and given to 
 the flames by the French troops under Massena, in 1811 : 
 One of the many sacrifices to the boundless ambition of 
 one of the smallest and greatest men who has ever dis- 
 
 raced the annals of humanity Napoleon Bonaparte! 
 mall in his narrow-minded selfishness, great in an intel 
 lect perverted to the worst purposes, and ever memorable 
 as one of the most remorseless and unscrupulous wretches 
 who e ver trod the earth for the punishment of the nations. 
 We have only room for one opinion upon the Recollec 
 tions : 
 
 " Pleasing and picturesque as the clime and places visited, this 
 is just a book for the indulgence of the dolce far niente ; and our 
 readers can hardly take a more grateful literary companion with 
 them to the couch or grove. Again we have to express the plea 
 sure which this volume has afforded us, and recommend it to the 
 
 153 
 
BEG 
 
 favour it BO richly merits ; for, though of slight texture, it is a very 
 charming production." London Literary Gazette. 
 
 See Memoirs of Beckford, Lon., 1858, 2 vols. p. 8vo, and 
 review of the same, Lon. Athenaeum, Dec. 11, 1858. 
 
 Beckingham, Charles, 1699-1730-1, a native of 
 London, wrote Scipio Africanus, Henry IV. of France, 
 (both, tragedies,) and some other pieces. He also trans, 
 from the Latin of Rapin, Christ's Sufferings, a Poem. His 
 tragedies were represented on the stage before he had com 
 pleted his twentieth year ; they were 
 
 "Not such as required the least indulgence or allowance on 
 account of his years, but such as bore evidence to a boldness of 
 sentiment, an accuracy of diction, an ingenuity of conduct, and a 
 maturity of judgment, which would have done honour to a much 
 more ripened age." Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Beckington, Bekynton, or De Bekinton, Tho 
 mas, d. 1464-65, tutor to Henry VI., Secretary of State, 
 Keeper of the Privy Seal, and Bishop of Bath and Wells, 
 was born in the parish of Beckington, in Somersetshire. 
 He wrote a book on the Right of the Kings of England to 
 the Crown of France, which with some of his Tracts is in 
 MS. in the Cottonian Library. Some of his letters are 
 preserved in the library at Lambeth. 
 
 In 1828 that eminent antiquary, Sir Nicholas Harris Ni 
 colas, pub. the Bishop's Journal during his Embassy to 
 negotiate a Marriage between Henry VI. and a daughter 
 of the Count Armagnac, in 1442, 8vo. 
 
 " This Journal throws considerable light on an event of import 
 ance in the history both of this country and of France, and af 
 fords much interesting information on an occurrence which has 
 hitherto been very briefly noticed. There are several letters of 
 Henry VI., with copies of all letters sent and received by the am 
 bassadors connected with their missions." 
 
 Beckwith, John. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1794. 
 
 Beckwith, Josiah, b. 1734, an intelligent antiquary 
 and genealogist, pub. an improved edition of Blount's 
 Fragmenta Antiquitatis, or Ancient Tenures of Land and 
 Jocular Customs of some Manors, Lon., 1784. 
 
 " Few persons were better qualified for this business; and Mr. 
 Beckwith has enriched this edition with many valuable additions 
 and improvements. ... He has subjoined many notes and obser 
 vations, which have been communicated by some of the most re 
 spectable antiquaries of the present day." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Beckwith, Thomas, 1731-1799, brother to the above, 
 and also an enthusiast in antiquarian and genealogical re 
 searches, compiled A Walk in and about the city of York, 
 on the plan of Gostling's Walk in and about the city of 
 Canterbury. Mr. B. never pub. any thing, but made ex 
 tensive collections of valuable papers on his favourite 
 subjects, which are now in the Bodleian Library, the library 
 of the College of Arms, and other depositories. 
 
 Beckwith, William. A Plan to prevent all Chari 
 table Donations for the Benefit of Poor Persons, in the 
 several Parishes of England and Wales, from loss, misap 
 plication, embezzlement, non-application, fraud, and abuse, 
 in future, Lon., 1807, 8vo. 
 
 A Letter to Sir S. Romilly rel. to Chancery Proceedings, 
 Lon., 1810. 
 
 Becon, or Beacon, Thomas, b. about 1510, d. 1570, 
 a zealous Reformer, was a native of Kent. In 1560 he 
 was presented to the rectory of Buckland in Hertfordshire, 
 and three years later to a church in London. He had a 
 prebendal stall at Canterbury. He wrote many works, 
 principally short tracts in defence of the doctrines of the 
 Reformation. His Worckes diligently perused, corrected 
 and amended, were pub. in a folio vol. in 1563-64, by 
 John Day. Only a portion of his works is included in 
 this volume. His publications bear dates 1541-77. Many 
 appeared under the assumed name of Theodore Basil. 
 For a list of his many productions, see Watt's Bib. Brit. 
 The Parker Society pub. Camb., 1843, his Early Works ; 
 being the treatises published by him in the reign of 
 King Henry VIII.; in 1844 his Prayers and other 
 pieces ; both of these books were edited by the Rev. John 
 Ayre, M.A. 
 
 " Becon is an excellent writer, and the most voluminous after 
 
 FOXe." BlCKERSTETH. 
 
 See Tanner; Strype's Parker. 
 
 Beconsall, Thos. 1. Sermon. 2. Natural Religion, 
 1697-98. 
 
 Beda, or Bede, 672-735. No name is more illustri 
 ous in the history of literature and science during the 
 Middle Ages than that of the " venerable" Bede ; and we 
 may add that in proportion to his celebrity there are not 
 many writers of whose personal history we possess so few 
 details. His studious and contemplative life probably of 
 fered few remarkable incidents to arrest the pen of the 
 biographer or historian ; and to his contemporaries, as well 
 as to after ages, (with the exception perhaps of the monas 
 tic congregation in which he resided,) he lived chiefly by 
 
 BED 
 
 ! his works. The only accurate information relating to 
 i Bede's life (with the exception of Cuthbert's account of 
 his last moments) is given by Bede himself, at the end of 
 his Ecclesiastical History. All the other biographies, which 
 are of little or no importance, are founded upon what he 
 there states. Smith has inserted in his edition of Bede's 
 historical works, an anonymous life written apparently in 
 the llth century. Mabillon has given another life, written 
 after the beginning of the 12th century, and other anony 
 mous lives are inserted in the Acta Sanctorum and in Cap- 
 grave. Notices more or less detailed are found in Simeon 
 i of Durham, William of Malmsbury, and other historians. 
 Baronius and Mabillon have collected together most of the 
 materials relating to the life of this great Anglo-Saxon 
 writer. More recently, memoirs have been published by 
 Mr. Stevenson, in his edition of the Ecclesiastical History, 
 and by Henry Gehle, in a separate work, entitled Dispu- 
 tatio Historico-Theologica de Bedae Venerabilis, Presby- 
 1 teri Anglo-Saxonis, Vita et Scriptis, 8vo, Lug. Bat., 1838. 
 The name in Anglo-Saxon was Beda; as in all words 
 of this form, and names that have continued through many 
 ages to be in people's mouths, the Anglo-Saxon termina 
 tion a became softened into the later English dumb e. The 
 i form Bede has been continued, because it is not incorrect, 
 and because it is the most popular. 
 
 Bede was born in 672 or 673, near the place where Be 
 nedict Biscop soon afterwards founded the religious house 
 of Wearmouth, perhaps in the parish which is now called 
 Monkton, and which appears to have been one of the ear 
 liest endowments of the monastery. As soon as he had 
 reached his seventh year, Bede was sent to Wearmouth to 
 profit by the teaching of Biscop, from which period to his 
 death he continued to be an inmate of that monastery. 
 After the death of Benedict Biscop, Bede pursued his stu 
 dies under his successor Ceolfrid, and at the age of nine 
 teen, about A.B. 692, was admitted to deacon's orders by 
 John of Beverley, then newly restored to his see of Hex- 
 | ham ; and in his thirtieth year (702 or 703) he was or- 
 i dained to the priesthood by the same prelate. The early 
 age at which Bede received holy orders shows that he was 
 I then already distinguishing himself by his learning and 
 ! piety ; and there can be little doubt that his fame was 
 ! widely spread before the commencement of the 8th cen- 
 i tury. At that period, according to the account which has 
 been generally received, Bede was invited to Rome by 
 Pope Sergius I., to advise with that pontiff on some diffi 
 cult points of church discipline. The authority for this 
 circumstance is a letter of the pope to Ceolfrid, expressing 
 his wish to see Bede at Rome, which has been inserted by 
 William of Malmsbury in his History of England. It 
 seems, however, nearly certain that Bede did not go to 
 Rome on this occasion; and reasons have been stated for 
 supposing the whole story, as far as Bede was concerned 
 in it, to be a misrepresentation. 
 
 The remainder of Bede's life appears to have passed away 
 in the tranquillity of study and in pious exercises. He 
 never separated himself from the monastery in which he 
 had been educated, but composed within its walls the nu 
 merous books which have thrown so much lustre on his 
 name. The larger portion of these works was probably 
 written during the fifteen years preceding 731. His smaller 
 treatise De Temporibus is supposed to have been composed 
 about 701 or 702, and the book De Natura Reruni perhaps 
 about the same time. Bede had finished the three books 
 of his Commentary on Samuel just before the death of 
 Ceolfrid, i. e. in 716. The treatise De Tcrnporum Ratione 
 was composed in 726 ; the lives of the first Abbots of Wear- 
 mouth and Yarrow were published about 716, or soon after; 
 and in 731 was completed his most important work, the 
 Ecclesiastical History of the Anglo-Saxons. 
 
 A narrative of Bede's last hours was written by his dis 
 ciple Cuthbert, and is still preserved. From this account 
 it appears that the last works on which he employed his 
 pen were a translation of the Gospel of St. John into An 
 glo-Saxon, and a collection of extracts from one of the 
 works of Isidore. At the commencement of the month of 
 April, 735, he was seized with a shortness of breathing, 
 under which he languished till the 26th of May, suffering 
 little pain, but pining away under the effects of his disease 
 and the absence of sleep. During this time he occupied 
 himself day and night either in admonishing his disciples, 
 or in prayer, or in repeating passages from the Scriptures 
 and the fathers of the church, interspersing his observations 
 from time to time with pieces of religious poetry in his 
 native tongue. On the 26th of May, the symptoms became 
 more alarming, and it was evident that death was near at 
 hand. During that day, he continued to dictate (probably 
 
BED 
 
 the translation of the Gospel of St. John) to one of the 
 younger members of the community, who acted as his 
 scribe ; and he resumed the same work early the next 
 morning, which was the Feast of the Ascension, or Holy 
 Thursday, and he told his disciples to write diligently. 
 This they did till nine o'clock, when they retired to per 
 form some of the religious duties peculiar to that day. One 
 of them then said to him, " Dearest master, one chapter 
 still remains, and thou canst ill bear questioning." But 
 Bede desired him to proceed, telling him to "take his pen 
 and write hastily." At the hour of nones, (twelve o'clock,) 
 Bede directed Cuthbert to fetch from his closet his spices 
 and other precious articles, which he shared among the 
 presbyters of the house, and begged that they would say 
 masses and prayers for him after his death. He passed 
 the remainder of the day in prayer and conversation, amid 
 the tears of his companions, till evening, when his scribe 
 again interrupted him, telling him that only one sentence 
 of his work remained unfinished. Bede told him to write, 
 and he dictated a few words, when the youth exclaimed, 
 "It is now done!" "Thou hast said right," answered 
 Bede, " it is done !" " Support my head with thy hands, for 
 I desire to sit in my holy place where I am accustomed to 
 pray, that sitting there I may call upon my Father." And 
 thus on the floor of his closet, chaunting the Gloria Patri, 
 he had just strength to proceed to the end of the phrase, 
 and died with the last words (Spiritui Sancto) on his lips. 
 The date of Bede's death is accurately fixed in the year 
 735, by the circumstance that in that year the Feast of the 
 Ascension fell upon the 27th of May. He was buried at 
 Yarrow, and, according to William of Malmsbury, the fol 
 lowing epitaph was placed on his tomb : 
 
 " Presbyter hie Bede requiescat carne sepultus. 
 
 Dona, Christe, animam in coelis gaudere per aevum; 
 
 Daque illi sophiae debriari fonte, cu'i jam 
 
 Suspiravit ovans iiitento semper amore." 
 
 Bede has given us, at the conclusion of his Ecclesiastical 
 History, the following list of the works which he had com 
 posed previously to that time, (A.D. 731.) 1. A commen 
 tary on Genesis, as far as the twenty-first chapter inclusive. 
 Part of this work will be found in the editions of Bede's 
 collected works ; the rest was edited by Henry Wharton, 
 in his collection of Tracts by Bede. 2. A treatise on the 
 tabernacle and its vessels, and on the vestments of the 
 priests, in three books. 3. A commentary on the first 
 thirty-one chapters of the first book of Samuel, (usque ad 
 mortem Saulis,) in three books. 4. The treatise de aedifi- 
 catione Templi, (an allegorical interpretation of the temple 
 of Solomon,) in two books. 5. Detached observations on 
 the books of Samuel and Kings. (In Regium librum xxx. 
 questiones.) 6. A commentary on the Song of Solomon, 
 in seven books. 7. A commentary on the Proverbs of 
 Solomon, in three books. 8. Glosses on Isaiah, Daniel, 
 the Twelve Prophets, and part of Jeremiah, extracted from 
 St. Jerome. 9. On Ezra and Nehemiah, in three books. 
 10. On the Song of Habacuc, in one book. 11. On the 
 book of Tobit, (In Librum beati patris Tobiae, explana- 
 tiones allegoricae de Christo et ecclesia,) in one book. 
 12. Heads of readings, (capitula lectionum,) on the Penta 
 teuch and on the books of Joshua and Judges. 13. A 
 commentary in libros Regum et Verba dierum. 14. A 
 commentary on the book of Job. 15. On the Proverbs, 
 Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Solomon. 16. On Isaiah, 
 Ezra, and Nehemiah. 17. A commentary on the Gospel 
 of St. Mark, in four books. 18. A commentary on St. 
 Luke, in six books. 19. Homilies on the Gospel, in two 
 books. 20. A compilation from St. Augustine In Apos- 
 tolum quajcunque in opusculis sancti Augustini exposita 
 inveni, cuncta per ordinem transcribere curavi. 21. A 
 commentary on the Acts of the Apostles, in two books. 
 22. Commentaries on the seven Catholic Epistles. 23. A 
 commentary on the Apocalypse, in two books. 24. Heads 
 of readings on the whole of the New Testament, with the 
 exception of the Gospels. 25. A book of Epistles addressed 
 to various persons. These Epistles were in fact tracts ad 
 dressed to his friends on the following subjects : On the six 
 Ages of the World, (de sex aetatibus sseculi ;) on the Man 
 sions of the Children of Israel; on the words of Isaiah, 
 Et claudentur ibi in carcerem, et post dies multos visita- 
 buntur, (Isa. xxiv. 22;) on the Bissextile; on the Equinox, 
 according to Anatolius. The second and third of these 
 tracts are lost. 26. The life of St. Felix, compiled in prose 
 from the metrical life by Paulinus. 27. A corrected edition 
 of the Life of St. Anastasius, which had been inaccurately 
 translated from the Greek. (Librum vitaj et passionis 
 eancti Anastasii, male de Graeco translatum, et pejus a 
 quodam imperito emendatum, prout potui, ad sensum cor- 
 
 BED 
 
 rexi.) 28. The life of St. Cuthbert, written first in verse, 
 and afterwards in prose. 29. The history of the Abbots 
 of Wearmouth and Yarrow. 30. The Ecclesiastical His 
 tory. 31. A Martyrology. 32. Hymns, in various metres 
 or rhythms. 33. A book of Epigrams, in Latin verse. 
 34, 35. The books De Natura Rerum and De Temporibus. 
 36. A larger book de Temporibus. 37. A book de Ortho- 
 graphia, arranged in alphabetical order. 38. A treatise 
 on Metres, (de Metrica Arte,) to which was added another, 
 de Schematibus sive Tropis. 
 
 To the foregoing list may be added a few books, which 
 are of undoubted authenticity, and which, with one excep 
 tion, were written subsequently to the completion of the 
 Ecclesiastical History. 39. The Libellus de Situ Urbis 
 Hierusalem, sive de Locis Sanctis, already mentioned as 
 an abridgment from the older work of Adamnan. We 
 know that this tract was published before the appearance 
 of the Ecclesiastical History, in which it is mentioned, and 
 it is singular that it should be omitted in Bede's list. 
 40. In his old age, soon after the completion of the Eccle 
 siastical History, Bede wrote (in imitation of St. Augustine) 
 a book of Retractationes, in which with characteristic can 
 dour he points out and corrects errors admitted into the 
 writings of his earlier years. 41. The Epistle to Albinus, 
 edited by Mabillon, and written soon after the year 731. 
 42. The Epistle to Archbishop Egbert, written at the end 
 of the year 734 or in the beginning of 735. 43, 44. The 
 Compilation from Isidore, and the Anglo-Saxon version of 
 St. John, which occupied Bede's last moments. 
 
 It will be seen by the foregoing list, that the subjects 
 of the writings of Bede are very diversified. They are the 
 works of a man whose life was spent in close and constant 
 study, industrious compilations rather than original com 
 positions, but exhibiting profound and extensive learning 
 beyond that of any of his contemporaries. He was not 
 unacquainted with the classic authors of ancient Rome ; 
 and his commentaries on the Scriptures show that he un 
 derstood the Greek and Hebrew languages. His works 
 may be divided into four classes, his theological writings, 
 his scientific treatises, his poetry and tracts on grammati 
 cal and miscellaneous subjects, and his historical books. 
 1. A very large portion of Bede's writings consists of com 
 mentaries on the different books of the holy Scriptures, 
 exhibiting great store of information and acuteness of per 
 ception, but too much characterized by the great blemish 
 of the mediaeval theology, an extravagant attachment to 
 allegorical interpretation. 2. The only scientific treatises 
 of which we can with certainty regard Bede as the author, 
 are those indicated in his own list of his writings. They 
 are still preserved, and, though no better than compila 
 tions from other writers, and more especially from Pliny 
 the elder, they exhibit to us all the scientific knowledge 
 possessed by our forefathers until a much later period. 
 The tract De Natura Rerum, which was one of Bede's 
 earliest works, and the Anglo-Saxon abridged translation 
 made in the tenth century, were the text-books of science 
 in England until the twelfth century. 3. His grammati 
 cal and philological writings show his judgment and learn 
 ing in a very favourable point of view. Hie observations 
 on the structure and characteristics of Latin verse are dis 
 tinguished by good taste, and are illustrated by examples 
 selected by himself from the best of the classic, as well 
 as from the Christian, Latin poets. He sometimes criti 
 cizes Donatus and the older grammarians. Bede's own 
 metrical compositions are a proof rather of his industry 
 I than of his genius; they are constructed according to the 
 I rules of art, and possess a certain degree of correctness, 
 j but are spiritless. 4. As a historian, the name of Bede 
 will ever stand high in the list of our national writers. 
 One of the earliest books of this class which he wrote, was 
 the history of the abbots of his own monastery, published 
 not long after A. D. 716. He composed the life of St. 
 Cuthbert at the request of Bishop Eadfrith and the monks 
 of Lindisfarne, and therefore some time before the year 
 I 721. But his most important work composed in his more 
 mature age, was his Ecclesiastical History of the Anglo- 
 Saxons. Upon this work, which was undertaken at the 
 request of two ecclesiastics, Albinus and Nothhelm, he ap 
 pears to have laboured with great diligence during several 
 years. He derived little assistance from previous writers, 
 for the books he quotes are few and unimportant ; but his 
 own reputation at this period of his life, and his acquaint- 
 I ance with the most eminent ecclesiastics of his age, placed 
 i within his reach a large mass of valuable original mate 
 rials. For a comprehensive list of the editions of Bede, 
 we refer to the learned work to which we are indebted for 
 | this memoir Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Ifil 
 
BED 
 
 BED 
 
 Translations. 
 
 King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon version of the Ecclesias 
 tical History, printed in the editions of the original by 
 Wheloc (1643) and Smith (1722.) The History of the 
 Church of England, compiled by Venerable Bede, English 
 man, translated out of Latin into English by Thomas Sta- 
 pleton, Student in Divinitie, 4to, Antwerp, 1565. Historic 
 of the Church of England, 8vo, St. Omers, 1622. This is 
 a reprint of Stapleton's Translation; Ecclesiastical His 
 tory of the English Nation from the coming of Julius 
 Caesar into this Island in the 60th year before the incar 
 nation of Christ till the year of our Lord 731 ; written into 
 Latin by Venerable Bede, and now translated into English 
 from Dr. Smith's edition. To which is added, the Life of 
 the Author, also Explanatory Notes, 8vo, London, 1723 
 The translator was John Stevens. The History of the 
 Primitive Church of England, from its origin to the year 
 731 j written in Latin by Venerable Bede, Priest of that 
 Church, a few years before his death ; in Five Books, now 
 translated by the Rev. William Hurst, of St. Mary's Ch 
 pel, Westminster, 8vo, London, 1814. The Lives of Bene 
 dict, Ceolfrid, Easterwine, Sigfrid, and Huetbert, the first 
 five abbots of the united monastery of Wearmouth and 
 Jarrow ; translated from the Latin of Venerable Bede, 
 to which is prefixed a Life of the Author, by the Rev. 
 Peter Wilcock, 8vo, Sunderland, 1818. The Ecclesiastical 
 History of the English Nation; translated from the Latin 
 of Venerable Bede, to which is prefixed a Life of the Au 
 thor, by J. A. Giles, LL.D., 8vo, London, 1840. Popular 
 Treatises on Science; written during the Middle Ages, 
 edited by Thomas Wright, 8vo, London, 1841 ; (published 
 by the Historical Society of Science,) pp. 1-19. The An 
 glo-Saxon abridged version of Bede's Treatise De Natura 
 Rerum. Abbreviated from Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Since the publication of the Biog. Brit. Lit, (in 1842,) 
 the public has been favoured with an edit, of The Com 
 plete Works of Bede, in the original Latin, collected and 
 accompanied by a new English translation of the Histo 
 rical Works, and a Life of the Author, by the learned Rev. 
 J. A. Giles, LL.D., comprised in 12 vols. 8vo, 1843-4, pub. 
 at 6 6. 
 
 Beddoes, Thomas, M.D., 1760-1808, an eminent 
 physician and chemist, was born at Shiffnall, in Shrop 
 shire. In 1776 he was entered of Pembroke College, Ox 
 ford, where he was remarkable for his assiduity in his 
 studies, and proficiency in the Latin tongue. He also 
 made himself acquainted with French, Italian, and Ger 
 man. Dr. B. married Maria Edgeworth's younger sister. 
 
 He pub. in 1784, Dissertation on Natural History, from 
 the Italian of Spallanzani, 2d ed., 1790. He added notes 
 to Dr. E. Cullen's trans, of Bergman's Physical and Che 
 mical Essays; and in 1785 trans, the same author's Essay 
 on Elective Attractions. On the death of Dr. Austin he 
 succeeded to the chemical lectureship at Oxford. Not 
 satisfied with his extraordinary attainments in chemistry, 
 physiology, mineralogy, botany, <fcc., he turned his atten 
 tion to the interests of politics, education, and political 
 economy, and in 1792 surprised his friends with a poem 
 founded upon Alexander's Expedition to the Indian Ocean. 
 This he passed off as a production of Dr. Darwin's to some 
 enthusiastic admirers of that gentleman's poetry ; one of 
 whom had declared that the poem on the Economy of Ve 
 getation was beyond imitation. As another evidence of 
 the comprehensive grasp of his mind, we may mention 
 History of Isaac Jenkins, a Moral Fiction, 1793 ; Obser 
 vations on the Nature of Demonstrative Evidence, with 
 Reflections on Language, 1792 ; A Word in Defence of the 
 Bill of Rights against Gagging Bills, 1795 ; An Essay on 
 the Public Merits of Mr. Pitt, 1796. Some of Dr. Beddoes's 
 professional Essays are, besides those mentioned, Obser 
 vations on the Nature and Cure of Calculus, Catarrh, and 
 Fever, 1792 ; Contributions to Medical and Physical Know 
 ledge, from the West of England, 1799; Popular Essay on 
 Consumption, 1799; Hygeia, 1801-2; On Fever as con 
 nected with Inflammation, 1807; Good Advice to Hus 
 bandmen in Harvest, Ac., 1808. In addition to all his 
 other literary labours he was a contributor to several of 
 the medical and literary journals. See Phil. Trans., 1791- 
 92 ; Med. Tracts, 1793, '94, '97 ; Nic. Jour. 1800, '2, '6, '9. 
 See a list of his publications in Watt's Bib. Brit. He was 
 an early patron of Sir Humphry Davy. 
 
 " He was a very remarkable man, admirably fitted to promote 
 inquiry, better than to conduct it. ... He had talents which 
 would have exalted him to the pinnacle of philosophical eminence, 
 if they had been applied with discretion." SIR HUMPHRY DAVY. 
 
 Whilst preparing for the university he resided for two 
 years with the Rev. Samuel Dickerson, who remarks that 
 " His mind was so intent upon literary pursuits, chiefly the 
 156 
 
 attainment of classical learning, that I do not recollect his bavin? 
 devoted a single day, or even hour, to diversions or frivolous 
 amusements of any kind." 
 
 A life of Dr. Beddoes was pub. by Dr. Stock in 1811. 
 
 Beddoes, Thomas Lovell, 1803-1849, son of the 
 above, and nephew to Maria Edgeworth, was entered in 
 his 17th year of Pembroke College, Oxford. In 1822 he 
 pub. The Bride's Tragedy. 
 
 " With all its extravagancies, and even sillinesses and follies it 
 shews far more than glimpses of a true poetical genius, much 
 tender and deep feeling, a wantoning sense of beauty, &c ' 
 Black-wood's Mag., xiv. 723. 
 
 The Edinburgh Review prefaces an extract by remark 
 ing: 
 
 ' The following will show the way in which Mr. Beddoes manages 
 a subject that poets have almost reduced to commonplace. We 
 thought all similes for the violet had been used up ; but he gives 
 us a new one, that is very delightful." 
 
 " The ambition that had suggested The Bride's Tragedy died in 
 the effort of producing it. As with his school fellows, now with 
 the poets, his power once acknowledged, he abandoned further 
 competition." 
 
 After his death a vol. of his Poems was pub., with a memoir 
 of the author. Works, including Death's Jest-Book, 2 vols. 
 
 "All that we have quoted, fragmentary as it is, proclaims a 
 writer of the highest order; magnificent diction, terse and close 
 in expression, various and beautiful in modulation, displaying 
 imaginative thought of the highest reach, and sweeping the cords 
 of passion with a strong and fearless hand." London Examiner. 
 
 Beddome, Benjamin. Exposition on the Baptist 
 Catechism, 1752. 20 Short Discourses, pub. from his 
 MSS., 1805. 
 
 " Evangelical and practical." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 They are commended by Robert Hall, of Leicester. 
 ^" As a preacher, Mr. Beddome was universally admired for the 
 piety and unction of his sentiments, the facility of his arrange 
 ment, and the purity, force, and simplicity of his language ; all 
 which was recommended by a delivery perfectly natural and 
 graceful. His printed Discourses, taken from the MSS. which he 
 left behind him at his decease, are fair specimens of his usual per 
 formance in the pulpit. They are eminent for the qualities already 
 mentioned ; and their merits, which the modesty of the author 
 concealed from himself, have been justly appreciated by the reli 
 gious public." KOBERT HALL. 
 
 Bedel, Henry. The Mouth of the Poore, Lon., 1571, 
 16mo. , 
 
 Bedell, Gregory Townsend, D.D., 1793-1834, for 
 iwelve years Rector of St. Andrew's Episcopal Church in 
 Philadelphia, enjoyed a wide reputation as a devoted 
 pastor, an excellent preacher, and a zealous promoter 
 of religious literature. Besides editing many books, he 
 was author of a number of excellent works. 1. Ezekiel's 
 Vision. 2. Is it well? 3. It is well. 4. Onward, or 
 Christian Progression. 5. Pay Thy Vows. 6. Renunci 
 ation. 7. Way Marks. 8. Serms., with Biographical Sketch 
 f the author by Step. H. Tyng, D.D., 2 vols. 8vo. He wrote 
 several works for the Amer. S. S. Union. This exemplary 
 man was remarkable for abundant labours persevered in 
 nder great bodily indisposition. His biographer remarks, 
 
 " For several of the last years of his life he was kept in being 
 ind in active effort, beyond any of the expectations of his friends. 
 The kind providence of God had favoured him with the kind att 
 entions of a physician, Dr. John K. Mitchell of Philadelphia, [see 
 he name in this volume,] whose remarkable skill in his profession, 
 united with the tenderest concern for his patient's comfort, a clear 
 inderstanding of his constitution and habits, and the most un- 
 iring assiduity in watching over his health, was blessed from 
 ibove to the preservation of his life, and mitigating his sufferings, 
 for several years after it was supposed by others that he was very 
 near the end of his course." 
 
 As a pulpit orator, Dr. Bedell was greatly admired. 
 
 ' Remarkable as were these many traits of excellence, it was in 
 he pulpit that the pastor shone with the highest lustre. Clear, 
 imple, chaste, logical, impassioned, he combined the most opposite 
 ualities; and, although reduced almost to a skeleton by con- 
 umption, his magnificent voice, with its clear enunciation and 
 liversified intonation, could be heard at an almost incredible dis- 
 ance. . . . Hopes of heaven, fears of hell, the beauty of holiness, 
 he deformity of sin, the goodness, the mercy, and the justice of 
 Jod, were in turn his theme ; and never did his people hear abler 
 xpositions, or more affectionately eloquent appeals." J. K. 
 MITCHELL, M.D. : Eeligious Souvenir, 1835. 
 
 Bedell, William, D.D., 1570-1641, Bishop of Kil- 
 more and Ardagh in Ireland, was one of the most exem- 
 ilary characters in ecclesiastical history. He was born 
 t Black Notley in Essex, studied in Emanuel College, 
 Cambridge, was made provost of Trinity College, Dublin, 
 n 1627, and consecrated bishop in 1629. He was chaplain 
 o Sir Henry Wotton, ambassador to the republic of Venice. 
 Adapting himself to the flock which he served, he intro- 
 luced the reading of the Common Prayer in his cathedral 
 n the Irish tongue ; he caused Archbishop Daniel's Irish 
 rans. of the New Testament to be circulated ; and had a 
 rans. made into that language of the books of the Old 
 'estament; and also of some homilies of Chrysostom and 
 Leo, in which the Scriptures are held up to reverence. 
 
BED 
 
 The trans, of the Old Testament was pub. after his death, 
 (1685, 4to.) at the expense -of the Hon. Robert Boyle. 
 Bishop Buruet wrote an account of his life, pub. in 1G85. 
 
 His Life, with Letters by Bishop Burnet, is 
 
 " A ven- useful work, containing in the appended Letters, a good 
 ivpl/ to I'op't-y." ]'.icK:-:r.sTKTiT. 
 
 Bedford, Arthur, 1008-1745, studied at Brnscnoso 
 College, Oxford, and took holy orders in 16SS. In 1724 
 lie removed to Ho.tton, having been chosen chaplain to the 
 Haberdashers-' Company at that place, and remained there 
 until his death. 
 
 Serious Reflections on the scandalous Abuse and .httects 
 of the Stage, Bristol, 1705, Svo. A Second Advertise 
 ment concerning the Piny House, Bristol, 1705, Svo. The 
 Evil and Danger of Stage Plays; showing their natural 
 
 BEE 
 
 Bedwell, Wm., 1562-1032, among other works pub. 
 a trans, out of Arabic of a treatise called A Discovery of 
 the Manifold Forgeries, Falsehoods, and Horrible Impieties 
 of the Blasphemous Seducer Mahammed. Lon., 1015, fol. 
 
 Bee, Jou. Dictionary of the Turf, Ac., Lon., 1S2:J. 
 
 Bee, Thos. Reports Dist. Court S. Carolina, 181 U. 
 
 Beearde, Richard. A Godly Psalm of Mary, Queen, 
 Lon., 1558, Svo. Alphabetmn Beeardi. 
 
 Beebe, P. O. Legal Treatises, N. York, 1834-37. 
 
 Beecher, Catherine Esther, b. 1 800, at East Hamp 
 ton, L.I., eldest daughter of Dr. Lyman Beecher. From 1822 
 to '32, sho was the Principal of a Female Seminary at Hart 
 ford, Conn., during which time she pub. a Manual of Arith 
 metic, and a series of elementary books of instruction in 
 Theology, Mental and Moral Philosophy. In 1832, sherc- 
 
 i.Midcncy to destroy Religion, and introduce a general ' movet i u Cincinnati with her father, and for two years was 
 corrnptioq of Manners, in almost two thousand instances, , tho ^ ea ^ ot - aa institution for female instruction. 1. Do- 
 taken from the plays of the last two years, against all the mcslic g.j rv i cc . 2. Duty of American Women to their 
 nu-thods lately used for their reformation, Lou., 1.00, Svo. ' (; l)Untrv< 3. 
 
 title of A Serious Remonstrance in behalf of the Christian 
 Religion against the horrid Blasphemies and Impieties 
 which arc still used in the English Play House?. 
 
 The Temple of Music. Lon., 1706, Svo. Tho Great 
 Abuse of Music. Lon., 1711, Svo. 
 
 The Scripture Chronology demonstrated by Astronomi 
 cal Calculation, etc., Lon.. 1730, folio. 
 
 _ .-, , v,.,,.ry. 3. Housekeeper's Receipt-Book, N. York. 1845, 
 
 This work was much enlarged, and pub. in 1719 under the ; ]2mo- many editions. 4. The True Itemed v for the Wrongs 
 
 ri,v!<Hnn of Woman> Bost>> ]8 r,^ 12mo . 5/ Treatise on Domestic 
 Economy, N.York, 12mo. 0. Truth Stranger than Fiction, 
 Bast., 1850, 12mo. 7. Letters to the People on Health and 
 Happiness, N. York, >855, 12mo. 8. Physiology and Callis 
 thenics, N.York, 1850, 12mo. 9. Common Sense Applied 
 to Religion, N. York, J857, 12mo. This work is said to 
 present " some striking departures from the Calvinistic 
 theology." Sec Appleton's New Amer. Cyc, 
 
 "The printed writings of 3Ii.*3 Beecher have been connected with 
 her governing idea of promoting the best interests of her own PCX, 
 and can scarcely be considered as the true index of what her genius, 
 if devot'd to literary pursuits, might have produced.'' Mrs. Hales 
 Woinan's Iff cord. 
 
 " Miss Beecher, with her profound and acute metaphysical and 
 religious writings." Griswold's Prose-Writf.rs of America. 
 Beecher, llev. Charles, son of Dr. Lyrnan Beecher. 
 
 1. The Incarnation, or Pictures of the Virgin and her Son ; 
 with an Introduction by Mrs. Stowe, 12mo, N.York, 1849. 
 
 2. Review of the Spiritual Manifestations, N. York, 1853, 
 12mo. 3. Pen-Pictures of the Bible, N.York, 1855, ISmo. 
 
 Beecher, Edward, D.D., b. 180-4, eldest son of Dr. 
 Lyman Beacher; grad. Yale Coll., 1822; Tutor in same In 
 stitution, 1825 ; Pastor of Park St. Church, Bost., 1826-31; 
 Pres. Illinois Cdl., Jacksonville, 1831-44; Pastor of Salem 
 St. Church, Bost., 1840-50. 1. Baptism : its Import and 
 Modes, N.York, 12mo. 2. Conflict of Ages, Bost., 1854, 
 12m r r. 3. Papal Conspiracy Exposed, N. York, 1855, 12mo. 
 
 Beecher, Harriet. See STOWK. 
 
 Beecher, Rev. Henry Ward,b. 1813, at Litcbfield, 
 Conn., son of Dr. Lyman Beecher ; grad. Ainherst Coll., 
 1834, and studied theology under his father at the Lano 
 Seminary. He first settled as a Presbyterian minister at 
 Lawrenceburg, Ind., 1837, and removed to Indianapolis in 
 1&39, where he remained nntil 1847, when he accepted an 
 invitation to become pastor of the Plymouth Church in 
 Brooklyn, N.Y., an organization of Orthodox Congrega 
 tional believers, which position he continues to occupy. 
 "As a preacher, he is said to have the largest uniform con- 
 
 A veiv learned and elaborate work." Du. ^ 
 
 ^Thi's is u verv elaborate work, and displays ranch learning and 
 ivseaivh. Tli hyp M he-is which it espouses, however, which is 
 the Hebivw numbers, has bwu Set aside, and 
 . i;-k alto tether superseded, by tho valuable publication of 
 -.-. ll;\l**."0rme's Uibl. liil>. 
 
 Mr. Bedford preached eight sermons on the Doctrine of 
 the Trinity, Svo, 1741, at Lady Moyer's Lecture, and a 
 number of single sermons, &c. 
 
 Bedford, Arthur, Vicar of Sharnbrooke, Bedford, 
 Thanksgiving after Rebellion. A Sermon, 1 Sam. xii.24, 
 1746, 4to. 
 
 Bedford, Gunning S., M.D., Prof, of Midwifery, Ac. 
 (T. the Univ. of X. York,!*. IS 11, at Baltimore, Md. 1. Clinical 
 Lacts. on the Diseases of Woman and Children, N. Y., 1855, 
 Svo; 5thed., 1857, Svo. We have be fore us twenty-three com 
 mendatory notices of this work. 2. Treat, on the Principle, 
 and Practice of Midwifery, 1859, Svo. Trans.from the French 
 an tl edited Chailly's Midwifery ; May grier's Anatomy ; Bau- 
 dec.loc(|ue on Puerperal Fever; Boisseau on Cholera, <fec. 
 
 Bedford, Hilkiah, 1663-1724, was admitted of St. 
 John's College in 1079, and became a Fellow thereof, and 
 a clergyman of the Church of England. Refusing to take 
 the' oaths at the Revolution, he was ejected. He was fined 
 1000 nvirks, and imprisoned 3 years for writing, printing, 
 and publishing. The Hereditary Right of the Crown of 
 England asserted, &c., fol., 1713. Of this work, Mr. George 
 Harbin, another non-juring clergyman, afterwards avowed 
 himself to be the author. See Niehols's Literary Anec 
 dotes, vol. i. p. 108. Bedford trans. An Answer to Fonte- 
 nelle's History of Oracles, The Life of Dr. Barwick, and 
 pub.. A Vindication of the Church of England in 1710, Svo, 
 and some other works. 
 
 Bedfiml, Thomas. Cure of Diseases, Lon. ,1015, Svo. 
 
 Bedford, Thomas. Theolog. works, Lon., 1038-50, 
 
 Bedford, Thomas, d. 1773, second son of Hilkiah,, 
 officiated in his clerical capacity among the non-jurors. 
 11.; studied at St. .John's College, Cambridge. He edited 
 Simoon of Durham's Do Exordio atque procursn Durhcl- 
 nunsus Eeclefiai; which was printed by subscription in 
 1732, Svo. In 1742 he pub. an Historical Catechism; tho 
 2d oil. The. 1st ed. was taken from Abbe Fleury. 
 
 Bedford, Thomas. Sermons, <fcc., 1707-78. 
 
 Bedford, William. S nnons. 10yS, <fcc. 
 
 Bedford, Rev. W. K. Riland. The Blazon of Epis 
 copacy : b.'ing a Complete List of all the Archbishops and 
 Bishops of Kn inland from tho First Foundation of their 
 :!u' Pr.--.-nt Time. Lon., 1858, Svo. 
 
 Bctiir.giield, James. A Compendium of Medical 
 Practice, illustrated by interesting and instructive Cases, 
 and by practical Pathological and Physiological Observa 
 tions, 'Lon.. 1S10, Svo. 
 
 Bcdiugfictd, Thomas. Trans. Cardan's Comfortc, 
 ' 
 
 cugc, omas. rans. arans om 
 Lon,, 1570, '4 to. The History of Florence, 1595, fol. 
 Kettle, Joseph. Sermon, Lon., 1079, -Ito. 
 Bedle, Thomas. P. P. of the Church Militant. 1010. 
 
 
 gregation in the United States," and is very popular as a 
 public lecturer. 1. Lectures to Young Men, Bost., 1S50, 
 12mo; many edits. ; also repnb. in Dublin. 2. Industry and 
 Idleness, Phila., 1850, ISmo. 3. The Star Papers, N. York, 
 1855, 12mo. This work is composed of articles contri 
 buted to the N. Y. Independent, and met with a large sale. 
 4. Tho Star Papers; 2d Series, N. York, 185S, 12mo. 5. 
 Life-Thoughts, Bost., 185S, 12mo: 25,000 copies sold 
 within a few months after publication. This work con 
 sists of selections from his extemporaneous sermons made 
 by ono of his congregation and afterwards revised by him 
 self. 0. Serins., N. York, 1858, 12mo. Ed. Plymouth Col 
 lection of Hymns, N. York, Svo, 12mo, ISmo. &c. 
 
 Beecher, Lyman, D.D., b. Oct. 12, 1775, at N. Haven, 
 Conn., grad. at Yale Coll. 1797, and studied divinity under 
 President D wight. In 1798, became pastor of a church at 
 East Hampton, L.T., and from 1810 to '20 was pastor of 
 the First Church of Litchfield, Conn. He became pastor 
 of the newly-established Hanover St. Church, Boston, and 
 took an active part in tho opposition to Dr. Channing 
 and others in the controversy which occurred among 
 members of a number of the churches of New England i 
 
 1820. In 1832, he became President of the Lane Theo 
 logical Seminary at Cincinnati, and, nt the same time, hud 
 , charge of the Second Presbyterian Church of that city. 
 
 Bcdloe, CU.pt. Wm. Narrative of the Horrid Popish j Since 1812 he has resided at Boston. He has written very 
 luinicatcd Prince, Lon., i cflfjctively in the cause of < 
 
 Piot, Lou., ir,7'., fol. The Excommunicated Prince, Lon., ! cflfjctively in the cause of temperance. 1. Pica for the 
 
 1079, fol. Jacobs ascribes this to Bcdloe, but Wood to i West, N.York. ISma. 2. Serms. on Various Occasions, N. 
 
 Thomas Walter. York, Svo, 1S42, 3. Views in Theology, 12mo. 4. Skepti- 
 
 Bedwell, Thos. Planes and Solids, Lon., 1631, 4to. I cism. 12mo. 5. Political Atheism, &c. His collected works 
 
 157 
 
BEE 
 
 BEL 
 
 have been pub. under his own supervision, Bosk, 3 vols. 
 12mo. Three sons and two daughters of Dr. Beecher oc 
 cupy a place in our Dictionary. 
 
 Beechey, Sir Frederic William, 1796-1856, dis 
 tinguished himself by his enterprise in voyages of explora 
 tion to the Pacific and Behring's Strait, and to the north 
 ern coast of Africa. He was author of Narrative of a 
 Voyage to the Pacific and Behring's Strait in the years 
 1825-28, Lon., 1831, 2 vols. 4to, pub. at 4 4s. Proceed 
 ings of the Expedition to explore the Northern Coasts of 
 Africa in 1821, '22, Ac., Lon., 1S27, 4to, pub. at 3 3s., H. 
 W. Beechey co-author. A Voyage of Discovery towards 
 the North Isle, Lon., 1843, 8vo. 
 
 The Botany of Capt. B.'s Voyage to the Pacific and 
 Behring's Strait was pub. in 10 numbers,. 4to, 1834-41, at 
 7 10s. ; the Zoology in 1839, 4to, at 5 5s. : both by that 
 enterprising publisher Henry G. Bohn, London. 
 
 " Captain Beechey's Narrative, we venture to predict, will be 
 generally considered as the most interesting of the whole series of 
 recent voyages. Part of this distinction it undoubtedly owes to 
 the much greater variety and extent of his field of observation, but 
 part of it likewise belongs to the superiority of his powers of com 
 position. His whole work, though consisting of topics of bound 
 less diversity, hangs so capitally together, that we cannot hope, 
 either by outline or extract, to give a just conception of its inte 
 rest." Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 Beeckman, Captain Daniel. Voyage to and from 
 the Island of Borneo in the East Indies, Lon., 1718, 8vo. 
 
 " An interesting work, even at this period of time." 
 
 Reprinted in the llth vol. of Pinkerton's Collection of 
 Voyages and Travels. 
 
 Beedome. Poems Divine and Humane, Lon., 1641, 
 8vo. Reprinted in Wit a Sporting, 1657. 
 
 Beek, J. Triumph Royal, Lon. 1692, Svo. 
 
 Beeke, Henry, 1751-1837, a clergyman and political 
 economist, consulted in financial affairs by Mr. Pitt and 
 Mr.Vansittart, (afterwards Lord Bexley,) pub. Observations 
 on the Income Tax, 1799, Svo, and a Letter on Peace with 
 France, 1798, Svo. 
 
 Beere, Richard. Theological works, Lon., 1789-91. 
 
 Beerman. Sermon, Lon., 1663, 4to. 
 
 Beesley, Henry. The Soul's Conflict; in 8 Serms., 
 Lon., 1656, Svo. 
 
 Beeston, Edmund. Practical Sermons, 1739, Svo. 
 
 Beeston, Sir Wm. Con. to Phil. Trans. 1696. 
 
 Begg, James A. Theolog. Works, 1831-50. 
 
 Begge, John. Contes des Fous, &c., 1812, Svo. 
 
 Begley, Corn. English-Irish Dictionary, 1732, 4to. 
 
 Behn, Aphra, Aphara, or Afra, d. 1689, was the 
 daughter of Mr. Johnson, G-overnor of Surinam. She re 
 sided for some time at Antwerp, where she was employed 
 as a secret agent of the English government. She pub. 
 Poems, 1st vol. 1684; 2d 1685 ; 3d 1688 : these were songs 
 and miscellanies by Rochester, Etherege, herself, and 
 others. She also wrote 17 plays, and several histories 
 and novels. See edits, in Lowndes's Bibl. Manual. She 
 was the authoress of the celebrated letters between A 
 Nobleman and His Sister, and 8 love-letters of her own to 
 Lycidas. Oronokoo, the American Prince, a Novel, (from 
 which Southern borrowed his Tragedy,) was the fruit of 
 her personal acquaintance with that noted personage. 
 The paraphrase of (Enone's Epistle to Paris, in the Eng 
 lish translation of Ovid's Epistles, is Mrs. Behn's : 
 
 " I was desired to say that the author, who is of the fair sex, 
 understood not Latin ; but if she do not, I am afraid she has given 
 us who do, occasion to be ashamed." Dryderis Preface to trans, 
 of Ovid. 
 
 But Dryden did not always weigh his words. The li 
 centiousness of Mrs. Behn's pen is a disgrace to her sex, 
 and the language. Pope, "by no means fastidious, yet re 
 bukes Mrs. B. in a well-known couplet : 
 
 "The stage how loosely does Astnea tread," &c. 
 
 " Most of her comedies have had the good fortune to please : and 
 tho' it must be confest that she has borrowed very much, not only 
 from her own Country Men, but likewise from the French Poets : 
 yet it may be said in her behalf, that she has often been forc'd to 
 It through haste ; and has borrowed from others Stores rather of 
 Choice than for want of Wit of her ovm."Langbaine's Drar 
 matic Poets. 
 
 ' But when you write of Love, Astrea. then 
 Love dips his Arrows where you wet your pen. 
 Such charming Lines did never Paper grace ; 
 Soft as your Sex, and smooth as Beauty's Face." 
 CHAHTJES COTTON. 
 
 "It is no wonder that her wit should gain her the esteem of Mr. 
 Dryden, Mr. Southern, and other men of genius." Biog. Dram. 
 
 Beighton, Henry. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1731, '38, '41. 
 Beilby. British Quadrupeds,1790.Svo. Birds,] 797,8vo. 
 Beilby, John. Gauging of Casks, Lon., 1694, 12mo. 
 Beilby, Saml., D.D. Sermons, 1781, '90, '95, 1804. 
 Beke, Charles Tilstone. Origines Biblicae, or 
 
 158 
 
 Researches in Primeval History, with a Map, Lon., 1834, 
 Svo, vol. i. 
 
 " The first attempt to reconstruct history on the principles of the 
 young science of geology. The author endeavours from the direct 
 evidence of the Scriptures themselves, to determine the positions 
 of the countries and places mentioned in the Old Testament, and 
 the order in which they were peopled ; and to explain the OrMn 
 and Filiation of the various races of mankind, and of the lan 
 guages spoken by them. It is intended to be completed in an- 
 
 ; other volume." LOWXDES. 
 
 Bekinsau, John, 1496-1559, a native of Wiltshire, 
 
 | studied at New College, Oxford, where he was noted for 
 his proficiency in the Greek tongue. He wrote De Su 
 premo et Absolute Regis Imperio, printed at London in 
 1546, in Svo, and subsequently in the first volume of Mo- 
 narchia Romani Imperii, <fec.,by Melchior Goldast at Franc- 
 
 j fort, 1621, fol. Dibdin mentions a doubtful edition of 1537 
 
 | ' Leaving behind him this character among the 11. Catholics, 
 that as he was a learned man. so might he have been promoted 
 according to his deserts, had his principles been constant" 
 
 ' Athen. O.rnn. 
 
 Bel, Thomas. The Fall of Papistry, Lon., 1628, 4to. 
 Bel, William. The Testament of W. B. Doway, 
 1632, 12mo. 
 
 Belbin, Peter. Sermons, 1733, '38, '41. 
 Belcamp, J. V. Consil. &c. Hibernia, Lon., 1651, fol. 
 Belcher. The Laws of Nova Scotia, 1767. 
 Belcher, or Belchier, Dabridgcourt, was ad- 
 mitted at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1598, re 
 moved to Christ Church, Oxford, where he took B. A. in 
 1600. He trans, into English Hans Beerport, his Risible 
 Comedy of See me and See me not, printed Lon., 1618, 4to. 
 Phillips and Winstanley erroneously credit Nash with this 
 piece. Wood ascribes some other pieces to him. William 
 Belcher, his father, was a friend of Guillim the herald, 
 who takes occasion to commend him as 
 
 ' A man very complete in all gentlemanlike qualities, a lover of 
 arts, and a diligent searcher after matters pertaining to honour 
 and contiguity." Display of Heraldry. 
 
 The gentleman so lauded prefixed some Latin lines to 
 the Display, in which he enumerates some early English 
 authors on heraldry: 
 
 " Armorum primus Wyrilcyn Me wordeus artem 
 Protulit, et ternis linguis Instravit eandem: 
 Accedit Leghus: concordat perbene Bosivell, 
 Armor ioque suo vivi dignatur honoris, 
 Clarorum clypeis et cristis ornat : eamque 
 Pulchre nobilitat generis blazonia, Ferni : 
 Amorum proprium docuit WirleiuK et usum." 
 
 Belcher, Capt. Sir Edward, K.C.B., F.R.S., &c., b. 
 1799. Voyage round the World, 1835-42, 1843. 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " Among the countries visited by the Sulphur which in the pre 
 sent state of science are invested with more particular interest may 
 be mentioned tho Caliibrnias, Columbia River, the N. W. Coast of 
 North America, &c." 
 
 Botany of the Voyage of H. M. Ship Sulphur, 4to. Voyage 
 to the Eastern Archipelago, 1843-46, 2 vols. Svo. The Last 
 of the Arctic Voyages, 2 vols. r. Svo, 1855. Generally un 
 favourably reviewed. 
 
 Belcher, Mrs. J., U. States. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1755. 
 
 Belcher, Joseph, D.D., b. 1794, Birmingham, Eng., a 
 Baptist minister, settled in U. States. Poetical Sketches 
 of Biblical Subjects, <fce.; Scripture Narratives; Married 
 Life; Pastoral Recollections; The Clergy of America; 
 Live Joyfully; The Baptist Pulpit of the United States; 
 Religious Denominations of the U. States, Svo, (many eds. 
 pub.;) George Whitefield, a Biography, &c. He is said to 
 have written and pub. more religious volumes than any 
 other author of the present century. Dr. Belcher has 
 edited The Complete Works of Andrew Fuller, of Robert 
 Hall, &c., and been engaged in other literary labours. 
 
 Second edition of Interesting Narratives from the sacred 
 volume, illustrated and improved. Revised and enlarged, 
 with Additional Narratives, by the author. 
 
 " Simplicity of language, and a spirit of genuine piety, cha 
 racterize these Interesting Narratives ; which, added to Mr. Bel 
 cher's happy method of improving the various incidents that pass 
 under his review, render the book a most acceptable present for 
 young people." Scripture Mag. 
 
 "In every narrative, the author holds us in rapt and densrntf 
 attention, pleases us with the chastity of his style, the elegance 
 of his simplicity, and the pertinence and propriety of bis remarks. 
 Narratives like' these are calculated to make their way almost in 
 sensibly to the youthful mind, and prepossess it in favour of those 
 pages in which they are found." Baptist Mag. 
 
 Belcher, Saml., U. States. Sermon, 1707. 
 
 Belcher, Wm. 1. Essays. 2. The Galaxy, Lon., 
 17S7, '90. 
 
 Belches, R. General View of the Agriculture of tl 
 County of Stirling, &c., Edin., 1794, 4to. 
 
 "Of superior merit." Donaldson's AgricuU. "Biog. 
 
 Belchier, John, Surgeon. Con. to Phil. Trans., 
 1732, '36. 
 
 Belchier, John. Sermon, 1754, 4to. 
 
BEL 
 
 Belfonr, Re*. Hugo James, 1802-1827, wrote the 
 Vampire, and Montezuma, dramatic pieces pub. under the 
 assumed name of St. John Dorset. 
 
 " Possessing, with much facility of composition, poetical talents 
 of no common order; his reputation as a scholar and a man of 
 genius rendered him well known, while in England, in the lite 
 rary circles." Lon. Gent. Mag., 1827. 
 
 Belfour, John. Tables, Lon., 1804. Spanish Hero 
 ism, 1809. Music; a Poem from the Spanish, 1811. Ray's 
 English Proverbs, 1813. 
 
 Belfour, John. History of Scotland, Lon.,1770,12mo. 
 
 " This epitome may prove very acceptable to those who are not 
 possessed of the larger histories of Scotland. The Author, to use 
 his own words, writes in a style 'rather elevated than lifeless;' 
 and his principles are friendly to freedom, both civil and reli 
 gious " Lfm. Monthly Review. 
 
 Belfour, Rev. Okey. Lyceum, 1809. Sermon, 1818. 
 
 Belfrage, Henry, D.D., 1774-1835. Practical Dis 
 courses for the Young, 1817. Practical Exposition of the 
 Assembly's Shorter Catechism, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " This work exhibits a system of theology in a popular form, and 
 is particularly adapted for family instruction." LOWNDES. 
 
 " A truly evangelical spirit pervades every page, and renders it 
 the property of the Universal Church." Gongreg. Magazine. 
 
 Sacramental Addresses and Meditations, &c.,2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " A most useful work, well worthy the notice of every young 
 minister." 
 
 A Guide to the Lord's Table, in the Catechetical Form,. 
 
 " A most comprehensive and Scriptural view of the solemn ordi 
 nance to which it relates." 
 
 A Monitor to Families, Edin., 1823, 12mo; several eds. 
 
 " Dr. Belfrage's Discourses should have a place in every parish 
 and family library." LOWNDKS. 
 
 A Memoir of Alexander Waugh, D.D., by Hay and H. 
 Belfrage, 1830, 8vo. Dr. B. pub. some other works. See 
 Life and Correspondence by McKerrow, 8vo. 
 
 Belgrave, Richard, D.D., flourished in 1320 under 
 the reign of Edward II., and was educated at Cambridge. 
 He wrote among other works Theological Determinations, 
 in one book, the subject of which was, Utrum Essentia 
 Divina possit videri ? Whether the Divine Essence could 
 be seen ? Ordinary Questions, in one book. Pits gives 
 him the character of a man of eminent integrity and piety. 
 
 " This single question, concerning the Divine Essence, is enough 
 to show the inutility of the inquiries and studies which engaged 
 the attention of men in that age." 
 
 Belgrove, Wm. A Treatise upon Husbandry and 
 Planting, Boston, New England, 1755, 4to. 
 
 Belhaven, Lord. Speech on the Union, 1706, 8vo. 
 Memorable Speeches in the Last Parliament of Scotland, 
 1706, 4to. 
 
 " Equally distinguished for the mighty sway of his talents and 
 the resoluteness of his temper." See Dr. C. A. Goodrich's Select 
 British Eloquence. 
 
 Beling, Richard, 1613-1677, a native of County 
 Dublin, Ireland, was a leading Roman Catholic during the 
 rebellion of 1641. Vindiciarum Catholicarum Hibernise 
 Paris, 1650, 12mo. 
 
 " A pretty accurate account of Irish affairs from 1641 to 1649." 
 
 Pub. under the name of Philopater Irengeus. Beling 
 wrote several other works. Whilst a student at Lincoln's 
 Inn, he added a 6th book to Sir Philip Sidney's Arcadia, 
 which was printed with that romance, Lon., 1633, fol., with 
 only the initials of his name. 
 
 ' Boling's account of the transactions in Ireland during the pe 
 riod of the rebellion is esteemed more worthy of credit than any 
 [other] written by the Roman party." LOWNDES. 
 
 Belisario, A. M. Trial of Arthur Hodge, 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Belke, Thomas. Scripture Inquiry, or Helps for 
 Memory in the Duties of Piety, Lon., 1641 8vo 
 
 Belknap, Jeremy, 1744-1798, was a native of Boston, 
 Massachusetts. He graduated at Harvard College in 1762 
 and entered the ministry of the Congregational Church in 
 1767. He was one of the founders of the Massachusetts 
 Historical Society, (incorporated in 1794,) and took a livelv 
 interest in its affairs. He pub. The History of New Hamp 
 shire, of which the 1st vol. was printed in Philadelphia in 
 1784, and reprinted in Boston in 1792, with the (2d 1791) 
 3d. The 3 vols. were reprinted, Boston, 1813, 8vo. The 
 4th ed. of vol. i. was pub. in Dover, N. Hampshire, in 1831 
 8vo. A Discourse intended to commemorate the Discovery 
 of America by Columbus, with 4 Dissertations, Boston 
 "92, 8vo. American Biography, 1st vol., 1794; 2d, 1798 
 Since pub. in 3 vols. The Foresters. Dr. Belknap pub a 
 "' m b u r f sermons > f "Sitive essays, historical treatises, <fcc 
 
 01 his History of New Hampshire, vols. 1st and 2d are 
 historical vol. 3d relates to climate, soil, produce, &c. 
 of New R*VS! in . natural sence, as manifested in his history 
 SessTf nT PS fl r? V 1S rendered more Prominent by the rapid pr6- 
 a dJt^n^fr f S - y S111Ce blS death ' His For esters is not only 
 tit wlf,h f , A . m . erican manners, but a work of humour and 
 w t which went into a second edition."-.^', American Bioq. 
 
 BEL 
 
 Bell. Remembrance of Christenings and Mortality,' 
 containing the Weekly Bills during the Plague, 1665, 4to. 
 
 Bell. The General and Particular Principles of Ani 
 mal Electricity and Magnetism, &c., in which are found 
 Dr. Bell's Secrets and Practice, Lon., 1792, 8vo. 
 
 " Most wonderful Dr. Bell ! We will not rob you of any of your 
 secrets by transcribing them : if our readers wish to explore them 
 they may buy the book, nudpayfor it." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Bell, Andrew, D.D., 1753-1832, obtained much ce 
 lebrity as the introducer into England of what is called 
 the Madras system of education. Joseph Lancaster is 
 considered by some as entitled to this honour, but it ia 
 thought by many that the credit belongs to Dr. B. His 
 principal work is National Education, <fcc., 1812, ST'-J. A 
 list of publications upon the subjects of the Bell and Lan 
 caster Question, and education, and a Review will be found 
 in the Lon. Monthly Review, vol. Ixviii., 1812. 
 
 " The boys at Madras taught so well, and the school under their 
 teaching prospered so much, that the doctor became intoxicated 
 with the mode, and even allowed himself to suppose that in all 
 cases and circumstances, teaching by the pupils themselves is bet 
 ter than teaching by masters. This is a supposition really too 
 weak to bear being refuted." 
 
 Bell, Archibald. Church Members' Directory, 1776. 
 
 Bell, Archibald. Use of Grain in Distilleries, 1808. 
 
 Bell, Archibald. The New Testament, with the Text 
 in Paragraphs, and illust. by Rhetorical Punctuation, 8vo. 
 
 " The rhetorical punctuation introduced by Mr. Bell gives an 
 astonishing effect to the delivery of any passage, being perfectly 
 in unison with the respiratory and vocal powers." 
 
 Cabinet : Original Essays, 2 vols. 8vo. Count Clermont, 
 tragedies, and other poems, p. 8vo. 
 
 Bell, Beaupre, d. 1745, an antiquary, assisted Blome- 
 field in the History of the County of Norfolk. 
 
 "My late friend, Mr. Beaupre Bell, a young gentleman of 
 most excellent knowledge in medals, whose immature death is a 
 real loss to this part of learning, was busy in putting out a 
 book like that of Patoral, and left his manuscripts, plates, and 
 coins to Trinity College, Cambridge." STUKJELY: Memoirs of 
 Carausius. 
 
 Bell, Benjamin, an eminent surgeon, a native of 
 Edinburgh, pub. a number of professional and other works, 
 Edin., 1778-92. His principal work is A System of Sur 
 gery, Edin., 8vo. Vol. 1, 1783; 2 and 3, 1784; 4, 1785; 
 5, 1787 ; 6, 1788. 7th edit., 1801, in 7 vols., trans, into 
 French by Bosquillon, Paris, 1796, 6 vols. 8vo; into Ger 
 man by E. G. Hebenstreit, Leipsig, 1784-89, 7 vols. 8vo: 
 again in 1792-99, and 1804-10, 8vo. His first work, Trea 
 tise on the Theory and Management of Ulcers, Edin., 1778, 
 8vo, reached its 7th edit, in 1801. Trans, into German 
 and French. 
 
 " His System of Surgery for a long time held the first place in 
 Medical libraries, and may still be referred to with advantage, as 
 it affords a true picture of the state of the art at his time, and 
 does the author credit for his endeavours to divest it of the useless 
 machinery with which it was then encumbered." 
 
 Essays on Agriculture, Edin., 1802, 8vo. 
 
 " These essays are political, rather than practical." Donaldson's 
 Agricult. Sing. 
 
 Bell, Benjamin, of Wigton. Con. to Med. Com., 1789. 
 
 Bell, Sir Charles, 1778-1842, was a native of Edin 
 burgh, and Professor of Surgery in the university of that 
 city. He settled in London in 1806, where he soon became 
 highly distinguished for skill and professional knowledge. 
 System of Dissections, Edin., 1798-99. Essay on the 
 Anatomy of Expression in Painting, Lon., 1806, 4to. The 
 pldtes for the 8vo edit, have been reduced in size, and 
 suffer materially in consequence. The 2d edit, of the 4to 
 size was pub. in 1824. 4th ed. roy. 8vo, 1847. The illus 
 trations of the author's works were all drawn by himself. 
 
 " The artist, the writer of fiction, the dramatist, the man of taste 
 will receive the present work (which is got up with an elegance 
 worthy of its subject) with gratitude, and peruse it with a lively and 
 increasing interest and delight." Lon. Christian Remembrancer. 
 
 Illustrations of the Great Operations of Surgery : Tre 
 pan, Hernia, Amputation, Aneurism, and Lithotomy, fol 
 20 c. p. engravings, 1821 and 1841. 
 
 " This is one of the most important works of its class. It is 
 needless to say that Sir Charles Bell stands in the very first rank 
 of practical contributors to the scientific literature of this country " 
 
 Anatomy of the Brain, 1811, 4to. Diseases of the Ure 
 thra, Ac., 3d ed., with Notes by John Shaw, 1822, 8vo. 
 I he Hand, its Mechanism and Vital Endowments, as evinc 
 ing Design, Lon., 1833, 8vo. This is the fourth Bridge- 
 water Treatise. 
 
 The book affords a great deal to interest and instruct the mind, 
 !? 1?TJ~ _** b y, a Promise of much rational amusement, to 
 
 susceptible of such 
 
 man, to 
 
 studies that may not apj 
 
 a purpose." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 " Sir Charles enters into the whole physical system of 
 the exposition of which who can be more competent r'Lon. Quar 
 terly Review. 
 
 " He has by a series of experiments, performed more than twen 
 ty-two years ago, determined many important questions relative to 
 the functions of the nervous system." 
 
 159 
 
BEL 
 
 BEL 
 
 See his Nervous System of the Human Body, &c., 3d 
 ed., 1844, 8vo, and other works. But Alexander Walker 
 in The Nervous System, Lon., 1814, speaking of his own 
 early discoveries, declares that the more recent doctrine of 
 Bell, Magendie, <fcc., is a plagiarism upon him, 
 
 " An inversion and a blunder, associated with useless experi 
 ments, which they hare neither understood nor explained." 
 
 " You are a bold man, Mr. Walker, and it is to be feared you 
 think too favourably of yourself. It may be true what you say, 
 but modesty and genius are very usually twins." Lon. Monthly 
 Review, 1833. 
 
 Institutes of Surgery, 1837, 2 vols. p. 8vo. For a notice 
 of other works of this eminent Surgeon, see Memoir in 
 Lon. Gent. Mag., July, 1842. 
 
 Bell, George. Sermon, 1713-18. 
 
 Bell, George. Assize Sermon, 1722, etc. 
 
 Bell, George. On Cancer, Lon., 1788, Svo. 
 
 Bell, George. On Cow Pox, Edin., 1802, 12mo. 
 
 Bell, George. Rejoice and do Good; or the Road to 
 Happiness : a Charity Sermon, 1805, Svo. 
 
 Bell, George Joseph, 1770-1847, brother to Sir 
 Charles. Legal treatises. Commentaries on the Laws of 
 Scotland, and on the Principles of Mercantile Jurispru 
 dence ; 5th ed., Edin., 1826, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 " If we were required to point out the work in our language 
 which approaches more nearly than all others to the beau ideal of 
 an elementary treatise in jurisprudence, combining the various 
 requisites of theory and practice, in the most perfect harmony, we 
 should, without hesitation, name Bell's Commentaries on the Laws 
 of Scotland." 
 
 Mr. Bell's works are highly esteemed. His Treatise on 
 the Law of Bankruptcy in Scotland, 2 vols. Svo, Edin., 
 1804, is said to have been the first general treatise written 
 upon the law of Bankruptcy in Scotland. 
 
 Bell, Henry. Original of Painting, Lon., 1728, Svo. 
 
 Bell, Henry Glasford, formerly founder and editor 
 of Edinburgh Literary Journal, 1830-32, author of Poems, 
 1829. Life of Mary Queen of Scots, Svo, 1840. Has been 
 SheriflT-Substitute of Lanarkshire, Scotland, under Sir A. 
 Alison, for the last twenty-five years. 
 
 Bell, Henry Nugent. Huntingdon Peerage, Lon., 
 1820, 4to. 
 
 " The genealogical account of the family is wholly composed from 
 the most authentic sources, and the singular circumstances attend 
 ing the establishment of the claim to the title of Huntingdon, 
 which had been unclaimed for nearly thirty years, are detailed 
 with more spirit and vivacity than truth." LOWNDES. 
 
 Bell, J., Lt. Col. Defence on his Trial, 1810. 
 
 Bell, J. A Practical Treatise on the Game Laws, Ac., 
 Lon., 1839, 12mo. 
 
 " The author has arranged his matter well ; selected his cases 
 with discretion ; prepared his forms correctly ; and. on the whole, 
 produced a work extremely creditable to his industry." Marvin's 
 Legal Bibl. 
 
 Bell, J. S. Journal of a Residence in Circassia dur 
 ing the years 1837, '38, '39, Lon., 1840, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " An exciting and well-told narrative of the Circassian struggle 
 for independence against the Russians." 
 
 Bell, James. Translated into English several works 
 in favour of the Reformation ; pub. Lon., 1578, '79, '80, '81. 
 
 Bell, James. Sermons preached before the University 
 of Glasgow, Lon., 1790, Svo. 
 
 Bell, James. Con. to Med. Facts, 1800. 
 
 Bell, James, 1769-1833. A System of Popular and 
 Scientific Geography, 6 vols., etc. 
 
 " Nothing can exceed the interest and the value of this work of 
 Mr. Bell ; indeed, as a System of Geography, it has no rival in this 
 country." Dublin University Mag. 
 
 "The author of this System of Geography is certainly one of the 
 first critical geographers in this country. It is the best work on Geo 
 graphy in the English language." Edin. Jour, of Nat. and Geog. Set. 
 
 Bell, Major James. Chronological Tables of Uni 
 versal Hist, to End of Reign of Geo. HI., Lon. 1820, r. foL 
 
 Bell, John. Gratiarum Actio, etc., Edin., 1590, 16mo. 
 
 Bell, John. Farewell Sermon, Lon., 1743, Svo. 
 
 Bell, John. Assize Sermon, 1761. 
 
 Bell, John, of Autermony, 1691-1780. Travels 
 from St. Petersburg in Russia to divers parts of Asia, 
 Glasg., 1763, 2 vols. 4to; Dublin, 1764; Edin., 1788, and 
 1806; also in the 7th vol. of Pinkerton's Collection of 
 Voyages and Travels. 
 
 " The best model for travel-writing in the English language." 
 Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 Bell, John. System of English Grammar, Glasg., 1769. 
 
 Bell, John. New Pantheon, or Historical Dictionary 
 of the Gods, Demi-Gods, Heroes, and Fabulous Personages 
 of Antiquity, 2 vols. 4to, plates, Lon., 1790. 
 
 " It is copious and generally correct, and, on the whole, very 
 faithfully and very judiciously compiled." Lon. Montfi. Rev. 
 
 " An excellent and useful compilation." LOWNDES. 
 
 Mr. Bell also pub. A Dictionary of Religion, 1815, and 
 Lectures on the Church Catechism, 1816, 12mo. 
 160 
 
 Bell, John, M.D., d. 1801. Diseases of Soldiers, Ac., 
 Lon., 1791, Svo. 
 
 Bell, John, 1763-1820, a celebrated surgeon of Edin 
 burgh, brother to Sir Charles Bell, (v. ante.) System of 
 the Anatomy of the Human Body: vol. i., Edin., 1793 ; ii., 
 1797; iii., 1802; iv., 1804; last two in conjunction with 
 Sir Charles Bell ; 6th edit, of the whole, 1826. Trans, into 
 German by J. C. A. Heinroth and J. C. Rosenmuller, Leip- 
 sig, 1806-07, 2 vols. Svo. A volume of Engravings to 
 illustrate the structure of the Bones, Muscles, and Joints, 
 Lon., 1790, 4to ; and again in 1808, Drawings by Mr. Bell ; 
 a vol. to illustrate the Arteries, in the same manner, by Sir 
 C. Bell, in 1801, Svo, and in 1806 and '11. Illustrations 
 of the Brains and Nerves, by Sir C. Bell, 2 vols. 4to, 1802-03. 
 
 Mr. Bell's ill health obliged him to visit Italy; and he d. 
 of dropsy, at Rome, April 15, 1820. In 1825, Mrs. Bell pub. 
 his Observations on Italy from notes made during his tour. 
 
 " His picturesque descriptions of the country are fresh and de 
 lightful landscapes ; while his remarks on the pictorial and sculp 
 tured treasures of Italy are replete with feeling and judgment, 
 without the cant of the connoisseur or the servile repetition of the 
 guide-instructed tourist." Lon. Lit. Gaz. 
 
 Bell, John, b. 1800, a celebrated sculptor, has pub. 
 Compositions from the Liturgy, and Free-Hand Drawing- 
 Book for the Use of Artisans. 
 
 Bell, John, M.D., b. 1796, in Ireland, settled in U. S. 
 1810 ; grad. Univ. Penn. 1817. 1. Baths and Min. Waters, 
 Phila., 1831. 2. Health and Beauty, 1838. 3. Regimen 
 and Longevity, 1842. 4. Lectures on the Prac. of Physic; 
 4th ed., 1848. 5. Baths and the Water Regimen, 1849. 
 6. Min. and Thermal Springs of the U. States and Canada, 
 1855. Dr. B. was a lecturer for many years on the Institutes 
 of Medicine, <fcc. in the Phila. Med. Inst., and for two years 
 Prof, of the Theory and Practice of Medicine in the Med. 
 Coll. of Ohio. Since 1829 has contributed to, and edited 
 | some of, the leading medical journals of the U. States. 
 
 Bell, John Gray, bookseller, Manchester, Eng. Essay 
 on the Constitution and Government of Eng., 1845, 12mo. 
 Descriptive and Critical Catalogue of Works illustrated by 
 Thomas and John Bewick; with notices of their pupils and 
 other wood-engravers, imp. Svo, illustrated : 20 copies, large 
 paper, imp. 4to, 1851. Genealog. Account of the Descendants 
 of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, large foL, portraits and plate 
 of arms. Printed for private circulation only, 1855. 
 
 Bell , Robert. Case of Legitimacy, 1811, Edin., 1825. 
 
 Bell, Robert. Rerum Hispanicarum Scrip to res ali 
 quot, Francf., 1578, 2 vols. fol. 
 
 Bell, Robert. Con. to Med. Com., 1786. 
 
 Bell, Robert. Peasantry in Ireland, Lon., 1804, Svo. 
 
 Bell, Robert, b. 1800, at Cork, Ireland. Hist, of Rus 
 sia ; in Lardner's Cab. Cyc., Lon., 1836-38, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 Lives of English Poets ; in do., Lon., 1839, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 Lives of Eng. Dramatists, by R. B., Dr. Dunham, <fcc., in 
 Lardner's Cab. Cyc., Lon., 1837, 2 vols. 12mo. Hearts and 
 Altars, 3 vols. p. Svo. Ladder of Gold, 1857, 3 vols. p. Svo, 
 and 12mo. Wayside Pictures through France, &c., Svo. 
 
 Bell, Lt.-Col. Robert. Management of Guns, Lon., 
 1809, Svo. 
 
 Bell, Robert, Jr. Legal Works, Edin., 1792-1814. 
 Diet, of the Law of Scotland, enlarged by William Bell. 
 
 Bell, S.D. Sheriff in N. Hampshire, Cone., 1843, 12mo. 
 
 Bell, S. S. The Law of Property as arising from the 
 relation of Husband and Wife, Lon., 1849, Svo. 
 
 Bell, Susanna. Her Legacy; or, Experience about 
 Conversion, Lon., 1673, Svo. 
 
 Bell, Sydney. Ct. of Session, 1808-33, Edin., 1834, 4to. 
 Reps. Scotch Appeals, H. of Lords, 1842-50, 7 vols. r. Svo. 
 
 Bell, or Bel, Thomas, author of several controversial 
 works against the R. Catholics. Motives concerning Romish 
 Faith and Religion, Camb., 1593, 4to; reprinted 1605. 
 
 " In which motives the chief grounds of Papistry are not only 
 shaken, but the bulwark thereof is beaten down as no Papist in 
 the world is or shall be able to stand in denial of the same." 
 Strype's Annals. 
 
 Anatomic of Popish Tyrannie, Lon., 1603, 4to. 
 
 "Interesting for the notices it affords of many distinguished 
 Jesuits in England during the reign of Elizabeth." LOWNDES. 
 
 Bell was engaged in controversy with the notorious 
 Robert Parsons : for a list of their pamphlets, see Lowndes's 
 Brit. Librarian, p. 1054. 
 
 Bell, Thomas, b. 1792. Hist, of British Quadrupeds, 
 with nearly 200 illustrations, 1837, Svo. 
 
 " Nothing remains to be added but an assurance as strong as our 
 
 critical character can warrant, that, without an inspection and 
 
 perusal of the work, no one can believe how rich it is in useful and 
 
 entertaining knowledge, or how graphically and exquisitely it is 
 
 I embellished." Lon. Monthly Rev. 
 
 History of British Reptiles, 1839, Svo. Monograph of 
 the Testudinata, 7 Pts. fol., 1836. Hist, of British Stalk- 
 eyed Crustacea, Svo, 1853. 
 
BEL 
 
 Bell, Thomas. Antiquitatum Romanorum Compen 
 dium, Glasg., 1672, 12mo, Lon., 1677. 
 
 " A very brief compendium, highly extolled by contemporary 
 versifiers." 
 
 Survey of Popery, 1696, 4to. 
 Bell, Thomas. Charity Sermon, 1719, 8vo. 
 Bell, Thomas. Con. to Med. Com., 1774. 
 Bell, Thomas. Military First Principles, Lon., 1770. 
 Bell, W. Latin and Greek Grammar, 1775, 12mo. 
 Bell, William, 1625-1683, Archdeacon of St. Alban's, 
 was elected scholar of St. John's College, Oxford, and after 
 wards Fellow. Sermons, 1661, '72, '78. 
 
 " Leaving behind him a precious name among his parishioners 
 for his charity, preaching, and other matters, of which they could 
 not speak enough." Atlien. Own. 
 
 Bell, William. Excellency, &c. of Patience, Lon., 
 1674, 8vo. 
 
 Bell, William. Con. to Phil. Trans. 1793. 
 Bell, William. Stream of Time, Lon., 1810, 8vo. 
 German Literature, 1811. 12mo. 
 
 Bell, William. A Dictionary and Digest of the 
 Laws of Scotland, &c., Edin., 1838, 8vo. 
 " A useful work, compiled from the best sources." 
 Bell, William, 1731-1816, prebendary of Westmin 
 ster, and treasurer of St. Paul's, was a student and Fellow 
 of Magdalen College, Cambridge. He was noted for his 
 liberality and general excellence of character. He trans 
 ferred, in 1810, 15,200 three per cent, consols to the Uni 
 versity of Cambridge, as a foundation for eight new scholar 
 ships, to be bestowed upon sons of poor clergymen. 
 
 A Dissertation on the Causes which principally contri 
 bute to render a Nation Populous, [Bachelor's Prize,] Lon., 
 1756, 4to. An Inquiry into the Missions of John the Bap 
 tist and Jesus Christ, 1761, 8vo, 2d ed.; with additions, 
 1797. A Defence of Revelation in general, 1765, 8vo. A 
 Sermon preached at the Consecration of Dr. Thomas, Bi 
 shop of Rochester, 1774. 
 
 An Attempt to ascertain and illustrate the Authority, 
 Nature, and Design of the Lord's Supper, 1780, 8vo. 
 " A most elaborate work on the subject." 
 This work elicited a Letter to the author by Dr. Lewis 
 Bagot, 1781. 
 
 "This author gives very different views of the ordinance to 
 those of Dr. Bell." 
 
 The Last Sentiments of P. F. Le Courayer, D.D., on the 
 different doctrines of Religion, with his Life, 1787, 8vo. 
 The original [in French] was given by the author to the 
 Princess Amelia, and left to her former chaplain, Dr. Bell. 
 After the doctor's death his Sermons on various subjects 
 were pub. in 2 vols., 1817, 8vo. 
 
 " As a compendium of Christian ethics these sermons deserve a 
 place among the best writers of our language." LOWNDES. 
 
 " For well digested thought, and perspicuity of language ; for 
 an intimate survey of the human heart through all its windings; 
 for accuracy, strength, and sedateness of reasoning, they can 
 scarcely be surpassed." British Critic. 
 
 Bishop Watson, also, recommends the works of Dr. Bell. 
 Bellamie, John. Commonalty of London, 1727. 
 Bellamont, Lord. Letter to Earl of Shelburne, 1783. 
 Bellamy, D. Poems, 1722; Miscellany, 1725. 
 Bellamy, D. Theolog. Works, Lon., 1743, '44, '56, '76. 
 Bellamy, Eliz. Y. Lady's Assistant, 1802, 12mo. 
 Bellamy, George Anne, 1733-1788, an actress of 
 note. Apology for her Life, 6 vols., 1785, 12mo. Said to 
 have been drawn up by Alexander Bicknell, editor of 
 Carver's Travels in Africa. Memoirs of George Anne Bel 
 lamy, by a Gentleman, 1785, 12mo. But little more than 
 an abridgment of the Apology. 
 
 Bellamy, James W. Concordance to the Holy Bible, 
 4to. Designed to accompany any quarto Bible, but parti 
 cularly that edited by Drs. Doyly and Mant, being adapted 
 to the maps and notes of that edition. 
 
 Bellamy, John. The Holy Bible, newly translated 
 from .he original Hebrew, with Notes critical and explana 
 tory, Lon., 1818-21, 4to. 
 
 "'Three parts only of this new translation have been published. 
 The arrogant claims of the author, and his extravagancies of in 
 terpretation, have been exposed in the Quarterly Review, vols. xix. 
 pp. -250-280, and xxiii. pp. 290-325 ; in the Eclectic Review, vol. x 
 N. S., pp. 1-20, 130-150, 280-299; in the Anti-Jacobin Review, vol 
 liv. pp. 97-103, 193-207, 305-316; in Mr. Whitaker's Historical and 
 Critical Inquiry into the Interpretation of the Hebrew Scriptures, 
 and Supplement to it, 8vo, Cambridge, 1819-20 ; in Professor Lee's 
 Letter to Mr. Bellamy, Cambridge, 1821 ; and last, though not 
 least in value, in Mr. Hymen Hurwitz's Vindicise Hebraicse, Lon 
 don, 1821, 8vo." Home's Introduction. 
 
 ' We find him to be a person whose arrogance, presumption, and 
 contempt of others, are perfectly intolerable; who proceeds in a 
 rash and wild spirit of innovation, setting aside, on the authority 
 of his own assertion, the decisions of the learned and wise, and 
 hazarding statements of the most intrepid kind on the slenderest 
 foundations. His knowledge of the Hebrew consists in little more 
 than a common acquaintance with the meaning of the roots and 
 
 BEL 
 
 ,he more ordinary and obvious rules of Grammar, not of the pe 
 culiarities of idiom, and the niceties of construction ; he is, besides, 
 otally destitute of judgment." Lon. Quar. Rev., xix. 250-280. 
 
 Mr. Bellamy did not relish such criticism, and pub. Lon., 
 1818, 8vo, A Reply to the Quarterly Review ; a produc- 
 ion which is condemned by Rev. J. W. Whitaker as 
 
 " An intemperate pamphlet, full of the strangest and most glar- 
 ng inconsistencies." See also Lon. Quar. Rev., xxiii, 287-325. 
 
 " Mr.Whitaker has exposed the falsehood of many of Mr. Bellamy's 
 assertions, and his ignorance of the Hebrew language." LOWNDES. 
 
 Seldom has a poor author been so berated. The Eclectic 
 Reviewers declared that the appropriate title would be 
 
 The Hory Bible perverted from the original Hebrew by John 
 Bellamy." 
 
 And Mr. Orme is as little complimentary in the assur 
 ance that 
 
 Mr. Bellamy is among the most arrogant of all translators, 
 and his version the most absurd of all translations. His work is 
 a strange hodge-podge of error, confidence, misrepresentation, and 
 abuse of learned and valuable writers in all the departments of 
 Biblical literature." Bibl. Bib. 
 
 History of All Religions. New and enlarged ed., Lon., 
 1813, 12mo. The Ophion, <fec., Lon., 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Bellamy, Joseph, D.D., 1719-1790, a native of 
 Connecticut. True Religion Delineated, 1750. The Na- 
 ,ure and Glory of the Gospel. Letters and Dialogues be 
 tween Theron, Paulinas, and Aspasio upon the Nature 
 of Love to God, Faith in Christ, and Assurance of a Title 
 to Eternal Life, 1761, 12mo. Works in 3 vols., 1811; 
 since in 2 vols., by the Boston Tract and Book Society, 8vo. 
 " Mr. Bellamy is an original and striking writer, but taking the 
 barder features of religion, without the winning and loving grace 
 of the gospel. He is useful in showing the danger of Antinomian 
 perversions. There is great decisiveness, marking the confidence 
 of a man who feels the truth." BICKEKSTETH. 
 
 " His ability to illustrate the truths of the gospel, and to trace 
 them through all connections and dependencies, and to impress 
 them on the conscience and heart, has been possessed by few." 
 
 " The author's leading object is to discriminate between the law 
 and the gospel, and to define and illustrate the duties which they 
 respectively require. We hope the circulation of this work will 
 be as extensive as the contents are interesting and important, and 
 that students of divinity, especially, will avail themselves of the 
 information which it contains." Evangelical Mag. 
 
 Bellamy, Thomas. A Caveat to Kings, Princes, 
 and Prelates, not to trust to a set of pretended Protestants 
 of Integrity ; showing that it is impossible to be Presby 
 terians and not Rebels, Lon., 1662, 8vo. Bellamy is an 
 assumed name ; see Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., iv. 139. 
 
 Bellamy, Thomas, 1745-1800, the projector of The 
 Monthly Mirror, was for 20 years a hosier in London. 
 He pub. The Friends, 1789, 8vo. Miscellanies, 1795, 2 
 vols. 8vo. Sadaski, or the Wandering Penitent, 1798, 2 
 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " A novel in Dr. Hawkesworth's manner, and possessing consi 
 derable merit." 
 
 Bellamy, William. Records in the Crown Office. 
 
 Bellas, George. Sermon, 1774-79, 4to. 
 
 Bellenden, Sir, or Dr., John. See BALLENDEN. 
 
 Bellenden, William, more generally known by his 
 Latin name of Gulielmus Bellendenus, a native of Scot 
 land, humanity professor at Paris in 1602. DEMPSTER. 
 James VI. appointed him Magister Supplicum Libellorum, 
 t. e. Reader of Petitions. He resided chiefly at Paris. 
 In 1608 he pub. Ciceronis Princeps ; an exposition of the 
 duties of a ruler, illustrated by the precepts of Cicero : to 
 this piece is prefixed De Processu et Scriptoribus Rei Poli- 
 tfcse. In 1612 was pub. his Ciceronis Consul Senator 
 Senatusque Romanus; to the 2d ed. of this dissertation, 
 pub. in 1616, was appended the Liber de Statu Prisci 
 Orbis. 
 
 " The first two books are, in a general sense, political ; the last 
 relates entirely to the Roman polity, but builds much political 
 precept on this. Bellenden seems to have taken a more compre 
 hensive view of history in his first book, and to have reflected 
 more philosophically on it than perhaps any one had done before ; 
 at least, I do not remember any work of so early an age which re 
 minds me so much of Vico and the Grandeur et Decadence of 
 Montesquieu. We can hardly make an exception for Bodin, be 
 cause the Scot is so much more regularly historical, and so much 
 more concise. The first book contains little more than forty pages. 
 Bellenden's learning is considerable, and without that pedantry 
 of quotation which makes most books of the age intolerable. The 
 latter parts have less originality and reach of thought." Hallam's 
 Lit. Mid. Ages. 
 
 The three treatises were reprinted at London in 1787, 
 with a Latin preface, by Dr. Samuel Parr ; in this preface, 
 Parr celebrates Burke, Fox, and Lord North as "the 
 three English luminaries in oratory and politics." The 
 idea was suggested by Bellenden's De Tribus Luminibus 
 Romanorum, a piece originally intended to eulogize Cice 
 ro, Seneca, and Pliny. Only the first part of this, that 
 relating to Cicero, appeared at Paris, 1634, folio, (one 
 copy, 1634;) Bellenden having died before he had time 
 to arrange his papers relating to the other two. From 
 
BEL 
 
 BEL 
 
 this work Conyers Middleton is charged by Wharton, in 
 his Essay 011 Pope, (ii. p. 324,) to have taken the idea of 
 writing Cicero's history in his own words, and also to have 
 taken the whole arrangements adopted, without acknow 
 ledgment, by himself. 
 
 Dr. Parr, in the preface referred to, repeats the same 
 charge. Of this piece Mr. Hallam remarks : 
 
 "The celebrated preface of the editor has had the effect of 
 eclipsing the original author ; Parr was constantly read and talked 
 of; Bellenden never." 
 
 Mr. De Quincey hardly permits even Parr's Preface to 
 escape his wholesale castigation of the "Birmingham 
 Doctor." 
 
 "Not one work of Dr. Parr's is extant which can, without 
 laughter, assume that important name. The preface to Bellenden 
 is, after all, by much the weightiest and most regular composition, 
 and the least of a fugitive tract. Yet this is but a jeu d'esprit, or 
 classical prolusion. And we believe the case to be unexampled, 
 that upon so slender a basis, a man of the world, and reputed a 
 man of sense, should set up for an author. Well might the author 
 of the Pursuits of Literature (1797) demand' What has Dr. Parr 
 written ?' A sermon or two, rather long ; a Latin preface to Bel- 
 lendenus, (rather long, too,) consisting of a cento of Latin and 
 Greek expressions applied to political subjects, &c." Philosophical 
 Writers. 
 
 But Dr. Irving considers this celebrated Preface to be 
 worthy of high praise : 
 
 " It is written in a style of elegant and powerful Latinity, but 
 is too much replenished with modern politics, and, in the opinion 
 of some readers, is not free from a considerable mixture of pe 
 dantry. It is, however, such a composition as no other English 
 man of that period could perhaps have produced." Encyc. Brit. 
 
 And why not ? All extravagance, whether in praise or 
 censure, is pretty sure to be incorrect. The Preface gave 
 rise to several attacks; Remarks, <fcc., 1787; Animadver 
 sions, <fcc., 1788; The Parriad, by Chapman, 1788; An 
 Epistle, <fec. 
 
 Hellers, Fettiplace. Delineation of Universal Law; 
 being an abstract of an Essay towards deducing the ele 
 ments of Universal Law, from the principles of knowledge 
 and nature of things, in five books. 1. Of Books in 
 general. 2. Of Private Law. 3. Of Criminal Law. 4. 
 Of the Law of Magistracy. 5. Of the Law of Nations, 
 Lon., 1740, 4to; 2d ed., 1754. 
 
 " This is a very curious production. It can hardly be called a 
 book, being merely a table of the contents of a proposed treatise, 
 and containing nothing but the heads, of divisions under which 
 Sellers proposed to write a work on Universal Law. The author 
 spent twenty years in studying his subject and maturing his plan. 
 It is with a feeling of regret, mingled with something like re 
 proach, that we find the labours of twenty years so wasted, and 
 reflect upon the great expenditure of time and diligence that has 
 been destitute of any useful result." Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 But are twenty years' intellectual entertainment, and 
 habits of mental discipline, and acquisition of useful 
 knowledge, to be counted for nothing ? In 1759 Mr. Bel- 
 lers pub. a treatise, (in 4to,) The Ends of Society. 
 
 Bellers, Fulk. Funeral Sermon on J. Lamotte, Esq., 
 Aid. of London, Lon., 1656, 4to, with portrait by Faith- 
 orne. 
 
 Bellers, John, a Political Economist; author of 
 Proposals for Raising a College of Industry for all useful 
 Trades and Husbandry, Lon., 1696, 4to. Essays about 
 the Poor, Manufactures, Trade, Plantation, and immoral 
 ity, 1699, 4to. Some reasons for our European State, 
 Lon., 1710, 4to. An Essay towards the Improvement of 
 Physic, in Twelve Books, with an Essay for employing 
 the Poor, Lon., 1714, 4to. An Essay for Employing the 
 Poor to profit, Lon., 1723, 4to. An Epistle to W. Friends, 
 concerning the Prisons, and Sick in the Prisons and Hos 
 pitals of Great Britain, Lon., 1724, 4to. Abstract of 
 George Fox's Advice and Warning to the Magistrates 
 concerning the Poor, Lon., 1724, 4to. 
 
 The philanthropic character of Mr. Bellers is indicated 
 by the subjects which engaged his pen. See Donaldson's 
 Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Bellew, Robt. 1. Trafalgar. 2. Irish Peasantry, 
 1806-08. 
 
 Bellewe, Richard. Legal Compilations, etc., 1585, 
 Ac. Les Ans du Roy Richard le Second, Lon., 1585, 
 8vo. This book forms a substitute for the year book of 
 that reign, which is wholly omitted. 
 
 Bellinger, Charles. Thanksgiving after Rebellion ; 
 a Sermon on Ps. Ixxv. 1, 1746, 8vo. 
 
 Bellinger, F. A Medical Work, Lon., 1717, 8vo. 
 Bellingham, O'B. On Aneurism, and its Treat 
 ment by Compression, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 " In our opinion, he has conferred a signal benefit upon the art 
 of surgery, by his improvement of the mode of employing pres 
 sure, and upon the science by his ingenious and philosophical ex 
 position of its operation." Lon. Medico-Chirur. Review. 
 Bellington, Thomas. Sermon, 1718, 8vo. 
 162 
 
 Bellon, Peter. Mock Duellist, Lon., 1675, 4to, Ac. 
 Irish Spaw, Ac., Dub., 1684, 8vo. 
 
 Belmeis, or Beaumes, Richard de, I., Bishop 
 of London, consecrated 1108, is said by Tanner to have 
 written a treatise in verse, addressed to Henry I. The 
 MS. was in the Monastery of Peterborough. 
 
 Belmeis, or Beaumes, Richard de, II., Bishop 
 of London, consecrated in 1151, is mentioned by Robert 
 Gale as the author of Codex Niger, or Black Book of the 
 Exchequer. 
 
 Belmeys, John, Joannes Eboracensis, or John of 
 York, of the 12th century, is said by Bale and Pits to 
 have written 32 Letters to Thomas Becket, An Invective 
 against the same, and certain Elegant Orations; Leland 
 mentions Aurea Joannis Eboracensis Historia, but is un 
 certain whether this John of York is the same with our 
 author. Indeed, Leland "could not find any thing cer 
 tainly written" by Belmeys. 
 
 Beloe, Rev. William, 1756-1817, was the son of a 
 tradesman of Norwich. After spending some time under 
 the care of the celebrated Dr. Parr at Stanmore, he en 
 tered Bene't or Corpus Christi, College, Cambridge, where 
 he took the degree of B.A. in 1779. Removing to Lon 
 don, in conjunction with Mr. Nares, he established the 
 British Critic, as an organ of what are styled high-church, 
 i. e. loyal and conservative, principles, in opposition to 
 the dangerous dogmas of the sympathizers with the 
 French Revolution. In 1796 he was presented to the rec 
 tory of Allhallows, London-wall. In 1797 Bishop Pretty- 
 man collated him to a stall in Lincoln Cathedral ; and in 
 1805 Bishop Porteus to one in St. Paul's. In 1804 he 
 was appointed one of the assistant librarians to the Bri 
 tish Museum. Mr. Beloe's publications are the following: 
 An Ode to Miss Boscawen, 4to, 1783. Trans, of the Rape 
 of Helen, with notes, 4to, 1786. Poems and Translations, 
 8vo, 1788. The History of Herodotus, from the Greek, 
 with notes, 4 vols. 8vo, 1799. Trans, of Alciphron's 
 Epistles, 1791. Trans, of the Attic Nights of Aulus Gel- 
 lius, 1795. 
 
 " An excellent and the only translation of a difficult and in 
 structive author." HARWOOD. 
 
 " The Commonplace Book of an elegant scholar, and the most 
 amusing miscellany of antiquity, containing anecdotes and argu 
 ments, scraps of history, pieces of poetry, and dissertations on 
 various points in philosophy, geometry, and grammar all just 
 as noted down at Athens, in the 2d century after Christ." 
 
 Miscellanies, 3 vols. 12mo, 1795. Trans, of the Ara 
 bian Nights' Entertainments, from the French, 4 vols. 
 12mo. Joseph, from the French of M. Bitaube, 2 vols. 
 12mo. A Fast Sermon, 1804. Anecdotes of Literature 
 and Scarce Books, 6 vols. 8vo, pub. 1806-12. Brief Me 
 moirs of the Leaders of the French Revolution. Mr. 
 Beloe was one of the authors of the Biographical Dic 
 tionary, 15 vols. 8vo, in which he was assisted by Messrs. 
 Tooke, Morrison, and Nares. He also contributed several 
 articles to the Gentleman's Magazine, and many to the 
 British Critic, of which he was the editor. After the de 
 cease of Mr. Beloe appeared The Sexagenarian, or the 
 Memoirs of a Literary Life, 2 vols. 8vo, 1817, written by 
 Mr. B., and edited by a friend. This work contains many 
 amusing anecdotes of the author's literary contemporaries, 
 and the freedom of his strictures is remarkable. Mr. 
 Lowndes condemns it in no measured terms : 
 
 " These volumes for presumption, mis-statement, and malignity 
 have rarely been exceeded, or even equalled." 
 
 In the next year, 1818, a 2d edit, appeared, in which 
 many passages of the 1st were omitted. Mr. B.'s trans, 
 of Herodotus- has been commended by M. Larcher, whose 
 knowledge of the original will hardly be disputed. Beloe 
 drew both from this author's researches, and from the late 
 discoveries in Africa. Classical critics are too apt to de 
 spise modern illustrations of ancient lore. 
 
 " A very valuable and elaborate performance. The language of 
 the translation is smooth and elegant; nor will any but the fasti 
 dious critic, who is often condemned to the drudgery of weighing 
 words and measuring sentences, complain that it is not sufficiently 
 literal. We must, however, remark that, though in general de 
 serving of the highest praise, we think that Mr. B. has been more 
 diffuse and paraph rastical than was necessary ; but this is a tri 
 fling defect, and let it be remembered, that no translation ran V 
 close, and, at the same time, elegant. In publishing this edition 
 of Herodotus, it is easy to perceive that the translator has spared 
 no labour. His work is enriched with a variety of learned and 
 amusing notes. Wesseling and Larcher, indeed, supplied him 
 with much useful information and critical sagacity, but a great 
 many facts, anecdotes, parallels, and illustrations, have been dili 
 gently collected from ancient writers, modern travels, &c. "he 
 work, therefore, if we mistake not, will be found very complete, 
 and will prove a treasure of historical knowledge to readers ot 
 every description." Analytical Review. 
 
 " The translation is held in very great esteem, and is justly 
 considered the best we have of this important historian, and very 
 
BEL 
 
 BEL 
 
 highly creditable to the talents of Mr. Beloe, though, as a trans 
 lator, he too frequently loses sight of his author : it is illustrated 
 with some very excellent selections of notes, which are partly ori 
 ginal and partly taken from the writings of Major Kennell, the 
 notes of Larcher, and other valuable publications." Moss's Classi 
 cal Bibliography. 
 
 The Anecdotes of Literature and Scarce Books is a 
 very valuable store-house of Bibliographical matter. It 
 has now itself become a " Scarce Book," and the Biblio 
 grapher should not fail to secure a copy when the chance 
 occurs which is seldom. The Anecdotes had the great 
 advantage of the careful revision and corrections of that 
 eminent judge of books, the Bishop of Ely, who died be 
 fore the 6th volume was published. The libraries and the 
 literary aid of the Marquis of Stafford, the Bishop of 
 Rochester, Mr. Barnard, Mr. Douce, Mr. John Kemble, 
 Mr. Malone, Mr. Chalmers, Mr. Watt, and Mr. Nares, 
 were placed at the service of Mr. Beloe whilst engaged in 
 the preparation of this work. 
 
 " A work replete with entertainment and instruction." Lon. 
 Gent. Mag. 
 
 " A work containing much bibliographical information, and ex 
 tracts from curious works." LOWNDES. 
 
 Mr. Beloe lost his situation at the British Museum in 
 consequence of the thieving propensities of a wretch whom 
 he had permitted to examine some of the books and draw 
 ings belonging to the library. See his account of this 
 unfortunate affair in Preface to the Anecdotes. (Copied 
 in Gent's. Mag., 1817, Part i.) We extract a few lines : 
 
 " A man was introduced at the Museum, with the sanction of 
 the most respectable recommendation. I mention not his name 
 the wounds of his own conscience must be so severe a punish 
 ment that I shall not increase his sufferings. ... He proved to be 
 dishonest; he purloined valuable property which was in my cus 
 tody, and it was thought that the good government of the insti 
 tution required my dismissal." 
 
 Belsham, James. Canadin, Lon., 1760, 4to. 
 
 lit' Is ham, Thomas, 1750-1829, the son of a dissent 
 ing minister at Bedford, embraced in 1789 the Unitarian 
 opinions of Dr. Priestley, whom he succeeded as minister 
 at Hackney when Priestley removed to America. The 
 Unitarian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge and 
 the Practice of Virtue was founded at the suggestion of 
 Mr. Belsham. Mr. B. pub. many occasional sermons. A 
 number of his Discourses Doctrinal and Practical were 
 pub. in 2 vols. ; also Discourses on the Evidence of the 
 Christian Religion ; Elements of Logic and Mental Philo 
 sophy; A Calm Review of the Scripture Doctrine con 
 cerning the Person of Christ, including a brief Review of 
 the Controversy between Dr. Horsley and Dr. Priestley, 
 Lon., 1811, 8vo; Memoirs of the late T. Lindsey, <fcc., 
 Lon., 1812. 8vo; A Review of American Unitarianism, <fcc., 
 2d edit., 1815, 8vo ; A Review of Mr. Wilberforce's Trea 
 tise; this work was noticed by Rev. Andrew Fuller, and 
 in the Appendix to Dr. Magee's Discourses on the Atone 
 ment; Letters to the Bishop of London, in Vindication of 
 the Unitarians, Lon., 1815, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Belsham seems to be as deeply infected as any man with 
 the itch for writing. Seldom a year passes without his sending 
 forth two or three treatises. What degree of circulation these 
 may obtain among his partizans, we have no means of knowing ; 
 but certainly, as to the public at large, they fall nearly still-born 
 from the press. ... He has shewn, as is customary with him, some 
 adroituess in misunderstanding and perverting expressions" 
 Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 Mr. B. had an important share in the New Testament 
 in an Improved Version, upon the basis of Abp. Newcome's 
 New Translation, with Notes Critical and Explanatory 
 Lon., 1808, 8vo. 
 
 "It pretends to be placed upon the basis of Abp. Newcome's, 
 by which it is basely insinuated that the primate was a Socinian 
 Nothing can be more false. Abp. Newcome's translation is strictly 
 orthodox on all the great points relating to the divinity and atone 
 ment of Christ." LOWNDES. 
 
 " Evidently prepared by persons without sufficient scholarship 
 for any real improvement." Rose's Biog. Diet. 
 
 " It mangles and misrepresents the original text, perverts the 
 meaning of its most important terms, and explains away all that 
 is valuable in the doctrinal system of Christianity." ORME. 
 
 The Improved Version was also reviewed by Archbp. 
 Lawrence, Dr. Nares, Rev. T. Rennell, Chas. Danberry 
 John Sevan, and Robert Halley. See Lowndes's Brit. 
 Librarian, p. 219. 
 
 The Epistles of Paul the Apostle translated ; with an 
 Exposition and Notes, 1822, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 This is one of the most elaborate performances on the Bible 
 which for many years have issued from the Unitarian press. Mr. 
 lirlshum has been long known as one of the chief leaders of that 
 party in England, and as one of the principal authors of the Im 
 proved \ersion of the New Testament. The translation of the 
 Epistles of Paul is constructed on the visionary scheme of inter 
 pretation of Dr. Taylor of Norwich. The tendency of the work is 
 to subvert all those sentiments respecting sin which are calcu 
 lated to affect the mind with pain, and those views of the Deity 
 and atonement of Christ which are fitted to afford relief M? 
 
 Belsham uses great freedom with the readings of the original text, 
 and still greater with the principles of enlightened interpretation. 
 He shows rather what the New Testament should be. in the opinion 
 of a Socinian, than what it really is. The work is full of erroneous 
 doctrines, incorrect learning, affected candour, and forced interpre 
 tation." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Belsham pub. some other works. The Memoirs of our 
 author with correspondence, <fcc., was pub, Lon., 1833, 8vo, 
 by John Williams. 
 
 Belsham, William, 1753-1827, younger brother of 
 the preceding, was author of a number of historical and 
 political treatises. Essays, philosophical, historical, and 
 literary, Lon., 1789-91, 2 vols. 8vo, several editions. 
 
 " On the whole, our general idea of these Essays is, that they 
 discover more extent and variety, than depth, of thinking: but 
 that the good sense and liberal spirit with which they are written, 
 may render them useful to young persons, in assisting them to 
 form a habit of inquiry and reflection." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Observations on the Test Laws, 1791, 8vo. 
 
 " We are fully convinced, with Mr. Belsham, that the Test Laws 
 are not calculated for any purpose of safety, nor of defence, but 
 merely for that of irritation." Ibid. 
 
 Historic Memoir on the French Revolution, 1791, 8vo. 
 
 " It gives a concise and judicious summary of the leading causes 
 which produced, of the interesting events which accompanied, and 
 of the principal regulations which followed, the revolution." Ibid. 
 
 In 1793 he pub. Memoirs of the Kings of Great Britain 
 of the House of Brunswick, Lunenburg, 2 vols. 8vo. In 
 1795 appeared his Memoirs of the Reign of George III., 
 to the Session of Parliament ending 1793, 4 vols. 8vo, 5th 
 and 6th vols., 1801. In 1798 was pub. his History of Great 
 Britain, from the Revolution to the Accession of the House 
 of Hanover, 2 vols. 8vo. These works were incorporated 
 under the title of History of Great Britain, from the Re 
 volution in 1688 to the Conclusion of the Treaty of Amiens, 
 1802, 12 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1806. 
 
 " We congratulate the public on the completion of Mr. Belsham's 
 History, the only one of the period which deserves to be cherished 
 and read among friends of civil liberty, and of the free principles 
 of the Constitution. The style is clear and nervous, without dog 
 matism, and eloquent without inflammation ; while the spirit is 
 temperate, and the details unimpeachable in veracity and impar 
 tiality." Lon. Monthly Mag. 
 
 Belsham's History has been honoured by the commen 
 dation, qualified, indeed, of no less an authority than Pro 
 fessor Smyth : 
 
 " Belsham will, I think, in like manner be found, for a consider 
 able part of his work, very valuable, spirited, intelligent, an ar 
 dent friend to civil and religious liberty, and though apparently a 
 Dissenter, not a Sectarian. In his latter volumes, indeed, from 
 the breaking out of the late French war in 1793, he has departed 
 from the equanimity of an historian, and has degenerated into the 
 warmth, and almost the rage, of a party writer. ... I must ob 
 serve, that a very good idea may be formed of the general subjects 
 connected with this period, [reign of Anne,] and of the original 
 memoirs and documents which should be referred to. by reading 
 the Appendix to Belsham's History : it is very well drawn up. . . 
 A good general idea may be formed of this crisis [union of England 
 and Scotland] from the History of Belsham. ... I would recom 
 mend to my readers to take the modern publication of Belsham [in 
 studying the political life of Sir Robert Walpole] and to read it in 
 conjunction with Coxe; then to refer occasionally to the two vo 
 lumes of the correspondence of Coxe; and to refer continually to 
 the Parliamentary debates, which may be read in Cobbett. . . . 
 The History of Belsham is a work, as I have already mentioned, 
 of more merit than would at first sight be supposed. But in the 
 year 1793, after the breaking out of the French war, it loses the 
 character of history, and becomes little more than a political pam 
 phlet; and through the whole of the reign of his present Majesty 
 [George III.] it is so written, that it must be considered as a state 
 ment, whether just or not, but certainly only as a statement, on one 
 side of the question, and must therefore, at all events, be compared 
 with the statement on the other side, that is, with the History of 
 Adolphus. . . These histories [with reference to the American war] 
 are drawn up on very different principles : Belsham conceiving that 
 the Americans were right in their resistance; Adolphus thinking, 
 certainly wishing his readers to think, that they were entirely 
 wrong : the one written on what are called Whig, the other on 
 Tory, principles of government. The one is, I conceive, sometimes 
 too indulgent to the Congress; the other always so to the Eng'ish 
 ministry. Belsham, I consider as by far the most reasornble of 
 the two in every thing that is laid down respecting the American 
 War." Lecture* on Modern History. 
 
 Belson, Eliz. Nelson's Fasts, Ac., abridg., Lon., 
 1810, 8vo. 
 
 Belt, Robert. Legal works, Lon., 1810, Ac. 
 
 Beltz, George. Chandos Peerage Case,Lon.,1834,8vo 
 
 Belward, John. Sermon, 1774, 8vo. 
 
 Belzoni, John Baptist, b. about 1780, d. 1823, a 
 native of Padua, in Italy, came to England in 1803. From 
 1815 to 1819, he was zealously engaged in exploring the 
 antiquities of Egypt. He died of dysentery at Benin on 
 his way to Houssa and Timbuctoo. For an interesting 
 sketeh of his life, see The Georgian Era, iii. 62. Narra 
 tive of the Operations and recent Discoveries within the 
 Pyramids, Temples, Tombs, and Excavations in Egypt and 
 Nubia, Lon., 1820, 4to; 1821, 4to; and 3d edit., 1822, 2 
 vols. 8vo. 
 
 163 
 
BEM 
 
 BEN 
 
 "Whoever has read this book (and who has not?) will agree 
 with us in opinion that its interest is derived, not less from the 
 manner in which it is written, the personal adventures, and the 
 picture it exhibits of the author's character, than for its splendid 
 and popular antiquarian researches." STEVENSON. 
 
 The credit of Belzoni's discoveries was often stolen from 
 him by others. Read the excellent Address to the Mummy 
 in Belzoni's Exhibition, by Horace Smith. 
 
 " Belzoni's Narrative is written in a pure and unostentatious 
 style, and in a tone which occasionally approaches to the poetic 
 and sublime." 
 
 Bembridge, Dr. Protestant's Reconciliation, 1687. 
 Benbrigge, John. Sermon, Lon., 1645, 4to. 
 Bendish, Sir Thomas. Relation of his Embassy 
 to Turkey, Lon., 1648, 4to. 
 
 Bendloe, or Benloe, Wm. Legal Reports, 1661, 
 Ac. See Bridgman's Legal Bibl. ; Marvin's do.; Wal 
 lace's Reporters. 
 
 Bendlowes, or Benlowes, Edward, 1602-1676, 
 a native of Essex, was a Fellow-commoner of St. John's 
 College, Cambridge. He was of too easy a nature for his 
 own welfare, and impoverished himself by lavishing his 
 favours on others. He patronized among others, Quarles, 
 Davenant, Payne, and Fisher. John Jenkyns was one of 
 his favourites : 
 
 " He was much patronized by Edward Benlowes, Esq., who hav 
 ing written a most divine poem entitled Theophila, or Love's Sa 
 crifice, printed at London, 1652, several parts thereof had airs set 
 to them by this incomparable Jenkyns. . . . Mr. Benlowes in his 
 younger days was a Papist, or at least very Popishly affected, and 
 in his elder years a bitter enemy to that party." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Mr. Bendlowes wrote a number of other pieces both in 
 Latin and in English, among which are, Sphinx Theolo- 
 gica, Camb., 1626, 8vo. A Summary of Divine Wisdom 
 Lon., 1657, 4to. A glance at the glories of Sacred Friendl 
 ship, Lon.,1657. Oxonii Encomium,0xon.,1672,fol. Oxo- 
 nii Elogia, Oxon., 1673. Oxonii Elegia. Truth's Touch 
 Stone; dedicated to his niece, Mrs. Philippa Blount. 
 
 " A whole canto of Theophila, consisting of above 300 verses, 
 was turned into elegant Latin verse in the space of one day by that 
 great prodigy of early parts, John Hall of Durham, having had 
 his tender affections ravished with that divine piece." Athen. Oxon. 
 Both Pope and Warburton are very severe in their criti 
 cisms upon our author. The first tells us that 
 
 " Bendlowes, propitious to blockheads, bows." 
 " Bendlowes was famous for his own bad poetry, and for patron 
 izing bad poets." WARBURTON. 
 
 " Theophila gives us a higher idea of his piety than his poetical 
 talents ; though there are many uncommon and excellent thoughts 
 in it. This prayer has been deservedly admired." GRANGER. 
 
 A complete copy of Theophila is very rare. The one in 
 the Nassau sale, (pt. i. 437,) said to be the most perfect 
 known, sold for no less than 26 5. 
 
 Benedict, Biscop, 629 P-690, an Anglo-Saxon monk, 
 was distinguished for his zeal in the encouragement of 
 letters and such arts as were then known. He is said to 
 have brought many books, pictures, <fec. home with him 
 from Rome. Leland ascribes to him Concordantia Regu- 
 larum, a commendation of the Rules of St. Benedict, the 
 founder of the Benedictines. 
 
 Benedict, a monk of St. Peter's, at Gloucester, wrote 
 about 1130? a Life of St. Dubricuis. Wharton's Anglia 
 Sacra. 
 
 Benedict of Peterborough, d. 1193, was educated 
 at Oxford. He was keeper of the great seal from 1191 to 
 1193. He wrote a Life of Becket, and De Vita et Gestis 
 Henrici II. et Richardi I. This history was pub. by Tho 
 mas Hearne, Oxford, 1735, 2 vols. 8vo. Other pieces. 
 
 Benedict of Norwich, d. 1340, was author of Alpha- 
 betum Aristotelis, Ac. 
 
 Benedict, David, D.D.,b. about 1780; settled in the 
 ministry in early life. In 1813, pub. Gen. Hist, of the Baptist 
 Denomination in America and other parts of the world, 2 
 vols. 8vo j new ed., enlarged and chiefly rewritten, N. York, 
 1848, r. 8vo. This work is highly esteemed by the Baptists 
 of the U. States, and has met with much success. History 
 of all Religions, 1824, 12mo. 
 
 Benedict, Erastus D., b. 1800, in Connecticut, grad. 
 at Williams Coll., 1821. Prominent member and Presi 
 dent of the Board of Education of City of N. Y., 1850- 
 54. Presbyterianism, a Review, 1838. A Distinguished 
 Educational writer. 
 
 Benedict, Joel, of Connecticut. Sermon on the 
 death of Dr. Hart, 1809. 
 
 Benedict, Noah, of Connecticut. Sermon on the 
 death of Dr. Bellamy, 1790. 
 
 Item-field, Sebastian, 1559-1630, was a native of 
 Prestonbury in Gloucestershire. He was admitted a scholar 
 of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, when 17 years of age, 
 took his D.D. in 1608, and in 1613 was chosen Margaret 
 professor of divinity. He is styled by Leach " a down 
 
 right and doctrinal Cnlvinist." His principal publications 
 are, Eight Sermons, Oxf., 1614, 4to. Twelve sermons upon 
 the 10th chap. Hebrews, Oxf., 1615, 4to. A Commentary 
 upon 1st chap, of Ainos, in 21 Sermons, Oxf., 1613, 4to. 
 1 Trans, in Latin by Henry Jackson of Corpus Christi Col 
 lege, and printed at Oppenheim in 1615, 8vo. A Com- 
 i mentary on the 2d chap, of Amos, in 21 Sermons, Lon., 
 ! 1720, 4to. A Commentary on the 3d chap, of Amos Lon ' 
 j 1629, 4to. 
 
 " He was a person for piety, strictness of life, and sincere con 
 versation, incomparable. He was also so noted an humanitarian 
 disputant, and theologist, that he had scarce his equal in the uni 
 versity." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Benese, Sir Richard de. Boke of Measurynge of 
 Lande, Lon., 1535-38, and an edition sine anno. 
 
 Benet, B., ai 00 W. Fitch. Rule of Perfection, re 
 ducing the whole Spiritual Life to this one point, the Will 
 of God, 1609, 8vo. 
 
 Benet, Gilbert. Sermons, 1746-54, 8vo. 
 Benezet, Anthony, 1713-1784. This good man, a 
 native of St. Quentin's, France, was a resident of England 
 and America from the age of two years; hence we give 
 him a place in our list. He pub. several works, princi- 
 j pally tracts, upon the topics which enlisted his philanthro 
 pic feelings. A Caution to Great Britain and her Colonies, 
 | relative to enslaved Negroes in the Brit. Dominions, 1767, 
 1 8vo. Some Historical Account of Guinea, with an enquiry 
 into the rise and progress of the Slave Trade, its nature, 
 and lamentable effects, Lon., 1772, 8vo. A Short Account 
 of the Religious Society of Friends, [of which sect Mr. B. 
 was an exemplary member,] 1780. 
 
 " The writings of this distinguished philanthropist first awak 
 ened the attention of Clarkson and "Wilberforce to the subject of 
 the Slave Trade : " 
 So true is it that 
 
 " Words are things ; and a small drop of ink, 
 Falling, like dew, upon a thought, produces 
 That which makes thousands, perhaps millions, think." 
 
 BYRON. 
 
 Benger, Elizabeth Ogilvy, 1778-1827, a native of 
 Wells in England, evinced a strong literary taste under 
 many discouragements. At the age of 13 she pub. The 
 Female Geniad; a Poem, Lon., 1791, 4to. The Abolition 
 of the Slave Trade, a Poem, was pub. 1809, 4to. The 
 Heart and the Fancy; or Valsenore; a Tale, 1813, 2 vols. 
 12mo. Klopstock and his Friends, 1814, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 Memoirs, etc., of Mrs. Eliz. Hamilton, 1818, 2 vols. Me 
 moirs of Mary, Queen of Scots, <fec., 1822, Svo, 2 vols. 
 
 "Taken principally from Chalmers's Life of this unfortunate 
 Princess." 
 
 Memoirs of Elizabeth Stuart, 1825, 2 vols. p. Svo. She 
 also pub. A Life of Anne Boleyn, and Memoirs of John 
 Tobin. 
 
 " Her historical memoirs are of no value." LOWNDES. 
 " Works of the kind before us [Memoirs of Mrs. Eliz. Hamilton] 
 are excellently fitted to supply the defects in history, where a lead 
 ing personage may not have his proper share of distinction, and 
 the result be much the same as spoiling a drama by curtailing the 
 acts and speeches of the principal character." Lon. Gent. Mag. 
 Benham, David. Genealogy of Christ, Lon.,1836,4to. 
 Benham, Thomas. Medical Works, Lon., 1620 ?-30. 
 Benjamin, Park, was born 1809, at Demerara, in 
 British Guiana, where his father, a merchant from New 
 England, resided for some years. In 1825 he entered 
 Harvard College, which he left before the end of the second 
 year in consequence of bad health. When restored to 
 health, he entered Washington College, Hartford, where 
 he graduated with the highest honours of his class in 
 1829. In 1830 he became a member of the Law School at 
 Cambridge, and in 1833 was admitted to the Connecticut 
 bar, and upon his removal to Boston soon after, to the 
 courts of Massachusetts. He has been connected edi 
 torially with the American Monthly Magazine, The New 
 Yorker, Ac. Mr. Benjamin has given many pieces both 
 in prose and verse to the world. With the exception of -A 
 Poem on the Contemplation of Nature, read at the time of 
 his taking his degree, Poetry ; A Satire, 1843, and Infatu 
 ation ; A Satire, 1845, his productions are very short. 
 
 " Mr. Benjamin's Satires are lively, pointed, and free from ma 
 lignity or licentiousness. In some of his shorter poems, Mr. Ben 
 jamin has shown a quick perception of the ridiculous ; in others, 
 warm affections and a meditative spirit; and in more, gayety. 
 His poems are adorned with apposite and pretty fancies, and st-cm 
 generally to be expressive of actual feelings. Some of bis hu 
 mourous pieces, as the Sonnet entitled Sport, are happily ex 
 pressed, but his style is generally more like that of an impro 
 visator than an artist. He rarely makes use of the burnisher." 
 SRISWOLD: Poets and Poetry of America. 
 
 We refer the reader to The Nautilus, The Tired Hunter, 
 To One Beloved, and The Departed, as poems of exquisite 
 Deauty. 
 We think, to quote the remark of George III. to Dr. 
 
BEN 
 
 BEN 
 
 Johnson, that one who writes so well should write more, 
 and favour the world with something of more imposing 
 pretension in the way of volume. Whether it be that the 
 unhappy Joel Barlow's prodigious Columbiad has fright 
 ened all succeeding American poets, and deterred them 
 from venturing more than a few stanzas at a time, certain 
 it is that they have a curious fashion of " cutting" up 
 their gems " into little stars." 
 
 Benjoin, George. Jonah, trans, from the original, 
 Ac., Lon., 1796, 4to. 
 " In little estimation." LOWNDES. 
 
 " This is not a work of great value, as the reader will believe, 
 when he is told that the author attempts ' to convince the world 
 that the present original text is in its primary perfection.' The 
 attempt and the translation are equally a failure for any important 
 purpose." ORME. 
 
 See Brit, Crit., vol. x. The Integrity and Excellence of 
 Scripture, Ac., 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Benlowe. Elements of Armories, Lon., 1610, 4to. 
 Benlowes. See BENDLOWES. 
 
 Benn, William, 1600-1680, a Nonconformist clergy 
 man, was educated at Queen's College, Oxford. Answer ' 
 to Fras. Bampfield, Lon., 1672, 8vo. Sermons on the 
 Soul's Prosperity, 1683, 8vo. 
 
 " In the course of his ministry he expounded the Scripture all 
 over, and half over again, having had an excellent faculty in the 
 clear and solid interpreting of it." WOOD. 
 
 Bennet, A. Experiments on Electricity, Ac., Lon.. 
 1789, 8vo. 
 
 Bonnet, A. Jesus, the Son of Joseph. A Sermon, 
 1807, 8vo. 
 
 Bennet, Mrs. A. M., d. 1808, authoress of a number 
 of Novels, Ac., pub. 1785-1816. Agnes De Courci, a Do 
 mestic Tale, 4 vols., 1797, 8vo. 
 
 "As a well-wrought story, it is entitled to particular regard. 
 The inventive faculty of the authoress is not to be disputed : but 
 character, that great, that almost indispensable, requisite in all 
 such performances as the present, is seldom to be found in it " 
 Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Bennet, Benjamin, 1674-1726, an eminent Presby 
 terian minister, pub. among other works, A Memorial of 
 the Reformation, Lon., 1717, 8vo, and a Defence of the 
 same, 1723, 8vo. This work gives the views of the author 
 upon The Reformation and Church History of England to 
 the year 1719. Irenicuna ; a work on the Trinity, Lon., 
 1722, 8vo. This work produced a great sensation, and its 
 influence was considerable. 
 
 Christian Oratory, or The Devotions of the Closet dis- 
 
 Bennet, Henry, Earl of Arlington, 1618-1685. Let 
 ters to Sir Wm. Temple, 1665-70, Lon., 1701, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Bennet, Hon. Henry Grey. Letter to the Com 
 mon Council of London, 1818. Con. to Trans. Geol. Soc 
 1811, '14. 
 
 Bennet, James. Star of the West, Lon., 1813, 12mo. 
 In conjunction with David Bogue, History of the Dissent 
 ers, 1689-1808, 3 vols. 8vo, 1809; 1812 in 4 vols., and 
 since in 2 vols. 
 
 " A bias in favour of Dissenters, and bitter against Churchmen." 
 
 BlCKERSTETH. 
 
 Bennet, James, M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 1787. 
 
 Bennet, John. Madrigalls to fovre Voyces, Lon., 1599. 
 
 Bennet, John. Essay on Trade, Ac., Lon., 1736, 8vo. 
 
 Bennet, John. Poems, 1774, 8vo. 
 
 Bennet, John. Theolog. and other works, 1780-87, 
 
 Bennet, Jules. The Letters of John Calvin, com 
 piled from the Original Manuscripts, with an Introduction 
 and Historical Notes, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "This collection is the fruit of five years of assiduous labor and 
 research in the libraries of France, Germany, and Switzerland, and 
 will contain about 500 letters which have never before been pub 
 lished. The editor has spared no pains in rendering as complete 
 as possible a collection which cannot fail to cast a flood of light 
 upon the great religious revolution of the sixteenth century." 
 
 Bennet, Philip. Sermons, 1745, '49, 8vo. 
 
 Bennet, R. Sermons, 1769, '76, 8vo. 
 
 Bennet, Robert, d. 1687, a Nonconformist divine, 
 pub. A Theological Concordance of the Synonymous Words 
 in Scripture, 1657, 8vo. 
 
 " An excellent work." 
 
 Bennet, Sol. The Constancy of Israel, Lon., 1809, 8vo. 
 
 Bennet, T., M.D. Essay on the Gout, Lon., 1734, 8vo. 
 
 Bennet, Thomas, 1673-1728, an eminent divine of 
 the Church of England, was admitted to St. John's Col 
 lege, Cambridge, in 1688. He pub. many theological 
 
 played, 2 vols. 8vo, 1728. Many edition 
 by Mr. Palmer in 1 vol. 8vo. 
 
 It was abridged 
 
 " A very spiritual and devotional work, that may be read more 
 than once with advantage." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 "Plain, serious, and practical, but sometimes flat, his Christian 
 Oratory is almost his only piece which had been better if some of 
 the instances had been avoided, and the plan more fully completed 
 in a single volume." DODDRIPGE. 
 
 " The title would mislead us as to the nature of the contents 
 the wo -A oratory being used in the sense of a place for meditation 
 
 Fourteen Sermons on the Inspiration of the Holy Scrip 
 tures, 1730, 8vo. 
 
 " This book should have a distinguished place in the library of 
 every theological student, for few books of its size contain a more 
 abundant treasure of divine doctrine." BOGUE. 
 
 Bennet, Christopher, 1617-1655, an English phy 
 sician, was educated at Lincoln College, Oxford. He cor 
 rected and enlarged Dr. Moufet's Health Improvement, 
 Lon., 16o5, 4to, and pub. a medical treatise in Latin, under 
 the name of Benedictus, entitled Theatri Tabidorum Vesti 
 bulum seu Excercitationes Dianoeticse, Ac., Lon 1654 
 4to He left several Latin works in manuscript ' 
 
 Bennet, George, at one time a Dissenting minister 
 subsequently in the Church of Scotland. He pub a work 
 against "a pretence of Reform," Lon., 1796, 8vo-' also 
 
 am Haneshemoth, or a View of the Intermediate State 
 i it appears in the Records of the Old and tt,>w T"*? 
 
 works, 1700-26, upon the sacraments, schism, liturgies, 
 and against Roman Catholic and Quaker doctrines. We 
 give the titles of a few of his works. Discourses on Schism, 
 showing that schism is a damnable sin, Ac., Lon., 1700, 
 8vo. A Confutation of Popery, in three parts, Camb., 
 1701, 8vo. A Confutation of Quakerism, Camb., 1705, 8vo. 
 A Brief History of the joint use of precomposed set Forms 
 of Prayer, Camb., 1708, 8vo. This work excited consider 
 able controversy, in which Benj. Robinson and T. Bowlett 
 took part, A Paraphrase with Annotations upon the Book 
 of Common Prayer, Ac., Lon., 1708, 8vo. Essay on the 
 39 Articles, with a Prefatory Epistle to Anthony Collins, 
 Esq., Lon. 1718, 8vo. Collins had pub. in 1710, a tract 
 entitled Priestcraft in Perfection, respecting the 20th Ar 
 ticle of the Church of England. It appeared in 1724 with 
 additions, as an Essay on the 39 Articles. 
 
 "Dr. Bennet was perhaps too ready to engage in the debates of 
 5Si ,?. Up n 51 uestions of divinity, which led him sometimes into 
 limculties, obliged him to have recourse to distinctions and refine 
 ments which would not always bear examination, and laid him 
 open to the attacks of his adversaries." Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Bennet, or Bennett, Thomas. 12 Lectures on 
 the Apostles' Creed, Lon., 1755, 8vo. 
 Bennet, W. H. Court of Chancery, Lon., 1834, 8vo. 
 Bennet, William. On the Teeth, Ac., Lon.,1778,12mo. 
 Bennet, William. Theolog. Works, 1780-1813. 
 Bennett, Emerson, b. 1822 in Mass., an American 
 Novelist, Bandits of the Osage ; Ella Barnwell ; Mike 
 Pink; Kate Clarendon; Forged Will; Prairie Flower; 
 Leni Leoti; Forest Rose; League of the Miami; Clara 
 Morland, Ac. 
 
 " Mr. Bennett is a novelist of undoubted ability." T. S. ARTHUR. 
 Bennett, G. J. Albanians and other Poems, 8vo. Pe 
 destrian's Guide through North Wales, 1837, Lon., 1838 8vo 
 " This is a beautiful work as delightful a one as we have met 
 with for many years. It abounds with sketches, admirably exe 
 cuted, of many of those charming vales and mountains in the 
 
 ,_, , beautiful country of which it treats, and affords us, also, speci- 
 
 the Old and New Testa- mens . of th national airs of Wales, giving us the music of them 
 
 ments, the Apocryphal Books, in Heathen Authors 'the ? s wel j as , the words - Jt is a b k of travels, written with a poet' 
 Greek and Latin Fathers, Lon^ 1801 8vo. ' lov |, of nature ' a ? d a humo st's cheerfulness."-^,-* JourS 
 
 "It is a work of various erudition and deen 
 reader must be very learned who finds not mTch i nt 
 him; very dull, if he is not delighted with the in-renui 
 
 -renuitv tbnt is 
 
 Also commended by Orme. 
 
 Bennet, H. Treasury of Wit; being a methodical 
 Selection of about twelve hundred, of the belt, ApophTe 
 Lon. 1786. * *" 86Veral Lan ua g es > 2 vols. 
 
 Bennett, James. Theolog. Works, 1828-46"" 
 Bennett, John Hughes, Prof, of Clinical Med. 
 University of Edinburgh. On Cancerous and Cancroid 
 Growths, Lon., 8vo. Diseases of the Uterus, 8vo. Cod 
 Liver Oil in Gout, Ac., 8vo. Pulmonary Tuberculosis. 
 f~il W ;?? e volume is so re P lete w ith valuable matter, that wa 
 Lon Lancet rec mmend our readers > and all, to peruse it."-. 
 
 Leucocythenia, or White-Cell Blood, 8vo. Lectures on 
 Clinical Medicine, 8vo. 
 
 Bennett, Wm. J. E. Theolog. Works, 1838-52. 
 
 Bennion, John. Sermon, Oxon., 1681, 4to. 
 
 Benoit, or Benedict, De Sainte Maur, who 
 flourished about 1180, was a troubadour, patronized by 
 Henry II., by whose direction, according to Robert Wace. 
 
 165 
 
BEN 
 
 BEN 
 
 he composed his metrical history of the Dukes of Nor- | 
 mandy. This chronicle, which extends to thirty thou 
 sand lines, 
 
 " Begins with a brief sketch of the cosmographical doctrines of ; 
 the age, which leads to the account of the origin of the Normans 
 and their first piratical voyages, and the history is continued to . 
 the death of Henry I. The larger portion is a mere paraphrase of 
 the Latin histories by Dudo of St. Quentin's, and William of Ju- 
 mieges, with some slight additions of matter not found in those ! 
 authorities; but it is inferior as a historical document and as a 
 literary composition to the similar work of Wace, which appears ! 
 from the first to have enjoyed a greater degree of popularity." ! 
 Wright. 
 
 " This old French poem is full of fabulous and romantic mat- i 
 ter." Wartmi's History of English Poetry. 
 
 But it has been remarked that if we compare this author 
 with the Norman historians who preceded him, we shall 
 find his statements to be in accordance with theirs. The 
 Chronicle was pub. by Michel, Paris, 1836-38, and '44. I 
 The MS. from which it was printed is preserved in the j 
 Brit. Museum, Harleian Collection, No. 1717. There is \ 
 also a MS. in the library of Tours in France. 
 
 Benoit's other great poem, which probably preceded the 
 Chronicle, was his metrical romance of the History of 
 Troy. It is 
 
 " Chiefly a paraphrase of the supposititious history of the Phry 
 gian Dares, with some additions from the similar work published 
 under the name of Dictys; but the Anglo-Norman trouvere, faith 
 ful to the taste of his age, has turned the Grecian and Trojan heroes 
 into medieval knights and barons. ... It contains nearly thirty 
 thousand lines. It is a heavy and dull poem, and possesses little 
 interest at the present day ; although it abounds in those repeated 
 descriptions of warfare which constituted the great beauty of such 
 productions in the twelfth century." Wriglit. 
 
 There is a complete MS. of the Roman de Troye in the 
 Harleian Collection, No. 4482. A MS. is in the Library 
 of St. Mark at Venice, extracts from which are printed by 
 Keller, in his Romvart, p. 86. 
 
 These are the only works known to have been written 
 by Benoit. Tyrwhitt ascribes to him a Life of Becket, in 
 Anglo-Norman verse, but M. de la Rue and Mr. Wright 
 decide this to be the production of a later Benoit. M. de 
 la Rue believed him to be the author of a song on the 
 Crusade, at the end of the Harleian MS. containing his 
 chronicle. But the learned Mr. Thomas Wright proves 
 this opinion to be erroneous. 
 
 House, Peter. Anglo-diaphora Trium Linguarum 
 Gall., Ital., et Hispan, <fcc., Oxf., 1637, 8vo. 
 Benson, Miss. 1. The Wife. 2. The Contrast, 1810-1 5. 
 Benson, Christopher, Preb. of Worcester. Chro 
 nology of our Saviour's Life, Ac., Camb., 1819, 8vo. Hul- 
 sean Lectures for 1820. Twenty Discourses preached be 
 fore the University of Cambridge, Camb., 1820, 8vo. Of 
 these much-esteemed discourses many editions have been 
 published. Hulsean Lectures for 1822. On Scripture Dif 
 ficulties ; Twenty Discourses, Camb., 1822, 8vo, 2d ed., 1825. 
 " The proofs and duties of Christianity have been enforced by 
 Mr. Benson with a power, an earnestness, and an unction, which 
 they who heard the preacher will be thankful for while they live ; 
 and which in the perusal must to every healthful mind commu 
 nicate satisfaction, profit, and delight; and may carry healing and 
 comfort to the diseased one." Lan. Quarterly Review. 
 
 Sermon, 1 Sam. xii. 24, 25, [Trinity House, Deptford,] 
 Lon., 1826, 4to. Discourses upon Tradition and Episco 
 pacy, preached at the Temple Church, 2d ed., Lon., 1839, 
 8vo. Discourses upon the powers of the Clergy, Prayers 
 for the Dead, and the Lord's Supper, preached at the Tem 
 ple Church, Lon., 1841, 8vo. 
 
 Benson, G. Oaths and Swearing, 1699, 4to. 
 Benson, George, D.D., 1699-1763, an English Dis 
 senting minister of considerable learning, a native of Cum 
 berland, England, studied at the University of Glasgow. 
 He was the author of a number of theological works, pub. 
 1725-64. We notice some of the principal. A Paraphrase 
 and Notes on the Epistles of St. Paul to the Thessalonians, 
 Timothy, Titus, and Philemon, and the seven Catholic 
 Epistles of Peter, James, and John, Lon., 1734, 4to; best 
 edit. 2 vols. 4to, 1752-56. This was preceded by a Speci 
 men, being a Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistle to Phi 
 lemon, 1731, 4to. The work is on the plan pursued by 
 John Locke, of making St. Paul his own expositor by illus 
 trative references to various portions of his writings. It 
 has been highly commended. 
 
 " Locke, Pierce, and Benson make up a complete commentary on 
 the Epistles; and are, indeed, all in the number of the most inge 
 nious commentators I have ever read. They plainly thought very 
 closely, and attended much to connection, which they have often 
 set in a most clear view. But they all err in too great a fondness 
 for new interpretations, and in supposing the design of the apostles 
 less general than it seems to have been. It must be allowed that 
 Benson illustrates the spirit of Paul sometimes in an admirable 
 manner, even beyond any former writer. See especially his Epis 
 tle to Philemon." DR. DODDRIDQE. 
 " This work is a continuation of Locke's attempt to illustrate the 
 
 Epistles, and, with Pierce's work, completes the design. Benson 
 possessed considerable learning, but no great portion of genius. 
 He was certainly inferior in taste aud acumen to his two coadju 
 tors; but still his labours are entitled to respect. Some of his 
 essays, inserted in the commentaries, contain important informa 
 tion on the points on which they treat. His theological sentiments 
 were Arian, verging to Socinian : on this account all his writings 
 require to be read with caution. His Paraphrase on James was 
 translated into Latin by J. D. Michaelis, and published with a pre 
 face by Baumgarten, at Halle, in 1747. The preface highly extols 
 the labours of Locke, Pierce, and Benson, and mentions with re 
 spect many others of the British commentaries. To this Latin ver 
 sion Michaelis has added many valuable notes of his own." ORME. 
 History of the First Planting of Christianity, taken from 
 the Acts of the Apostles and their Epistles, 1735, 2 vols. 
 4to ; best edit. 1756, 3 vols. 4to. 
 
 " Though this work does not profess to be a harmony of the Acts 
 of the Apostles and of the Epistles, it may justly be considered as 
 one. Besides illustrating the history of the Acts, throughout, and 
 most of the Epistles, by a view of the history of the times, the 
 occasions of the several Epistles, and the state of the churches to 
 which they were addressed, the learned author has incorporated a 
 paraphrastical abstract of these Epistles in the order of time when 
 I they were written ; and has also established the truth of the Chris- 
 i tian religion on a number of facts, the most public, important, and 
 incontestable. It is, indeed, a most valuable help to the study of 
 the Epistles; but it is to be regretted that its scarcity renders it 
 accessible to few." T. H. HORNE. 
 
 "Though but a dull book, it is full of important matter, and is 
 j of great service in explaining many parts of the book of Acts. It 
 i displays very considerable research, a great portion of candour, and 
 i an accurate acquaintance with the facts of the Jewish and Kouiaii 
 i history which relate to the Christians during the first age of Chris 
 tianity." ORME. 
 
 The Reasonableness of the Christian Religion, &c., Lon., 
 1743, 8vo, and 1746, 4to, and 3d ed., 1759, 2 vols. This is 
 | an answer to Dodwell's pamphlet, Christianity not founded 
 in Argument, Lon., 1742, Svo. Doddridge, Leland, Mole, 
 Cooksey, and others also answered Dodwell. Bishop Wat 
 son remarks of Benson's reply : 
 
 " The author not only advances many arguments in proof of the 
 truth of the Christian Religion, but obviates in a familiar way the 
 j chief objections of the Anti-revelationists." 
 
 The History of the Life of Jesus Christ, <fcc., 1764, 4to. 
 "In this work Dr. Benson discovers much attention to many 
 minute particulars in the history of Jesus, but the principles of 
 his creed prevented him from doing justice to his subject. The 
 work is divided into fifteen chapters, and is accompanied with an 
 appendix containing seven dissertations." ORME. 
 
 This work was left in an incomplete state. See Lon. 
 Congregational Magazine for July, 1833. 
 
 Benson, Joseph, 1748-1821, was a Methodist minis 
 ter of considerable note. He edited a Commentary on the 
 Scriptures, embodying the views of many Biblical critics, 
 among whom John Wesley occupies a prominent place. 
 This work was pub. in 5 vols. 4to, Lon., 1811-18; several 
 subsequent editions. 
 
 " An elaborate and very useful commentary on the sacred Scrip 
 tures, which (independently of its practical tendency) possesses 
 the merit of compressing into a comparatively small compass the 
 substance of what the piety and learning of former ages have ad 
 vanced, in order to facilitate the study of the Bible. Its late 
 learned author was particularly distinguished for his critical and 
 exact acquaintance with the Greek Testament." T. H. HORNE. 
 
 This commentary, particularly intended for family use, 
 was pub. under the direction and patronage of the Me 
 thodist Conference. Mr. B. pub. Sermons, 1790, '91, '98, 
 
 1800, Ac. A Defence of the Methodists, 1793, 12mo. A 
 farther Defence, <fcc., 1794, 12mo. A Vindication of the 
 Methodists, 1800, Svo. An Apology for the Methodists, 
 
 1801, 12mo. 
 
 "This publication is apparently written with much candour; 
 and it affords, notwithstanding the mysticism which there may be 
 among them, and which may appear in this book, a very favour 
 able view of those people whose cause it intends to plead. . . . The 
 work is well worthy of perusal." Lon. Monthly Krview. 
 
 Remarks on Dr. Priestley's System. A Vindication of 
 Christ's Divinity. After Mr. B.'s decease there was pub. 
 Sermons and Plans of Sermons on important Texts of Holy 
 Scripture, Lon., 1825-27, Svo ; 6 parts in 3 vols. 8vo ; 262 
 Sermons and Plans of Sermons, 3 vols. Svo, 1831; 219 
 Sermons and Plans of Sermons, 2 vols. Svo, 1831. 
 
 " The Plans are highly creditable to the piety and talents of the 
 writer; and while they serve as a valuable aid to the young Min 
 ister of the Gospel, are suited generally to instruct and improve, 
 to inform the understanding, and to affect the heart." Christian 
 Observer. 
 
 Mr. Benson has been warmly praised in high quarters: 
 
 " A sound scholar, a powerful and able preacher, and a profound 
 theologian." DR. AI>AM CLARKE. 
 
 " He seems like a messenger sent from the other world to call 
 men to account." REV. K. CECIL. 
 
 " His forte did not lie in that finished and sustained style, which, 
 however beautiful and attractive it may sometimes be. has a ten 
 dency to pall upon the ear; he had little of Cicero, and lessor 
 Isocrates, in his composition; his eloquence was Demosthenian. 
 Lon. Christian OhseiTer. 
 
 Benson, Martin, d. 1752, Bishop of Gloucester. Ser 
 mon before the House of Lords, 1738. Sermons, 1736-40. 
 
BEN 
 
 BEN 
 
 B enson, Martin, of Tunbridge Wells. Ser., 1794, Ac. 
 
 Benson, Richard. Momi, &c., Dubl., 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Benson, Robert. Sketches of Corsica, Ac., Lon., 
 1825, 8vo. Praised by Scott in his Life of Napoleon. 
 
 Benson, Thomas. Vocabularium Anglo-Saxonicum, 
 1701. 
 
 Benson, William, 1682-1754, commonly known as 
 Auditor (of the Imprest) Benson, was the son of Sir Wil 
 liam, formerly Sheriff of London. His first publication 
 was a letter to Sir Jacob Banks upon the Miseries of Swe 
 den after her submission to arbitrary power. Of this letter 
 100,000 copies were sold in the English language and trans 
 lations. In 1724 he pub. Virgil's Husbandry, with notes ; 
 and in 1739 Letters concerning poetical translations and 
 Virgil's and Milton's arts of verse. In 1740 appeared an 
 edition of Arthur Johnston's Psalms, with a Prefatory dis 
 course; and a criticism on this preface in 1741. In a sup 
 plement to this essay he drew a comparison between John 
 ston and Buchanan, giving the preference to the former. 
 This drew forth an unanswerable defence of Buchanan 
 from the celebrated Ruddiman. His admiration for Milton 
 and Johnson is alluded to by Pope in the Dunciad : 
 " On two unequal crutches propt he came, 
 Milton's on this, on that one Johnston's name." 
 
 Pope's indignation, and that of the country at large, was 
 excited by the appointment of Benson to the post of sur 
 veyor-general in 1718, in place of Sir Christopher Wren, 
 removed. Dr. Warton, in his notes on Pope, considers that 
 he has treated our author with too much severity : 
 
 " Benson is here spoken of too contemptuously. He translated 
 faithfully, if not very poetically, the second book of the Georgics, 
 with useful notes; he printed elegant editions of Johnston's 
 psalms; he wrote a discourse on versification; he rescued his 
 country from the disgrace of having no monument erected to the 
 memory of Milton in Westminster Abbey; he encouraged and 
 urged Pitt to translate the ^Eneid ; and he gave Dobson 1000 for 
 his Latin translation of Paradise Lost." 
 
 Towards the close of his life he evinced an unconquer 
 able aversion to books, and passed his last days in retire 
 ment at his house in Wimbledon. The Rev. Francis Peck 
 dedicated to our author his Memoirs of Cromwell: 
 
 ' Mr. Benson (I dedicate to) is the same gentleman you mention, 
 and a gentleman, I assure you, of exceeding good sense, and 
 learning, and candour. For my part, I do not sea how Westmin 
 ster Abbey is profaned by a Cenotaph in honour of Milton, consi 
 dered only as a poet. His politicks I have nothing to say to. You 
 or I may write of Milton and Cromwell, and still think as we 
 please." Mr. Peck to Dr. Grey, Dec. 15, 1739. See Nichols's Lite 
 rary Anecdotes, and Spence's Anecdotes. 
 
 Benson, William, of St. Mary Hall, Oxford. Ob 
 servations on the Impropriety of interfering with the In 
 ternal Policy of other States. In a Letter addressed to 
 The Rt. Hon. Henry Addington, <fec., Lon., 1802, 8vo. 
 
 " A censure on the conduct of our news-papers for their abuse 
 of the chief Consul of France ; eked out with the fag end of an 
 old sermon, in which the minister is instructed in the nature of 
 baptism, and on other points with which Mr. Benson (we hope) is 
 better acquainted than with politics." Lan. Monthly Review. 
 
 U ousted, John. Resources of the Brit. Empire, 1812. 
 
 Bent, J. Life and Death of Ld. Jeffries, Lon., 1693, 8vo. 
 
 Bent, J. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1774. 
 
 Bent, Thomas. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1698. 
 
 Bent, William. Lists of Publications, Ac., Lon., 
 1799, Ac. 
 
 Bentham, Edward, D.D., 1707-1776, a learned di 
 vine of the Church of England, was educated at Corpus 
 Christi College, Oxford; became vice-president of Mag 
 dalen Hall, and Fellow of Oriel College ; Prebendary of 
 Hereford, 1743; Canon of Christ Church, Oxford, and 
 Regius professor of divinity, 1763. He pub. occasional 
 sermons, 1722, '44, '50, '72. An Introduction to Moral 
 Philosophy, 1745, 8vo. Advice to a Young Man of Rank 
 upon coming to the University. Reflections upon Logic. 
 Funeral Eulogies upon Military Men, in the original 
 Greek, with Notes. Reflections upon the Study of Divi 
 nity, 8vo, 1771. An Introduction to Logic, 1773, 8vo. 
 De Tumultibus Americanus, deque eorum Concitatoribus 
 Scnilis Meditatio, etc. This last work was occasioned by 
 some members of Parliament having censured the Uni 
 versity of Oxford for addressing the king in favour of the 
 American war. 
 
 " Kven death itself found him engaged in the same laborious 
 application which he had always directed to the glory of the Su 
 preme Being, and the benefit of mankind; and it was not till he 
 was absolutely forbidden by his physicians, that he gave over a 
 particular course of reading that had been undertaken by him 
 with a view of making remarks on Mr. Gibbon's Roman History " 
 
 Bentham's Reflections upon the Study of Divinity contain 
 many judicious observations: the heads of lectures exhibit per 
 haps as complete a plan of theological studies as was ever deli- 
 vercd. LOWNDES, 
 
 Bentham, James, 1709 ?-1794, brother to the above 
 also a divine of the Church of England, was educated at 
 
 Trinity College, Cambridge. He pub. Queries to the In 
 habitants of Ely, 1757. Considerations, <fec. on the State 
 of the Fens near Ely, Camb., 1778, 8vo. Essays on 
 Gothic Architecture, in conjunction with Messrs. Warton, 
 Grosse, and Milner, pub. 1800, 8vo. But Mr. Bentham's 
 principal work is the History and Antiquities of the Con 
 ventual and Cathedral Church of Ely, 673-1771, Camb., 
 
 1771, royal 4to. This work, pub. at eighteen shillings, 
 and said to be the cheapest work ever published, had 
 
 ! reached the price of 12 to 14 guineas before the publica- 
 ' tion of the 2d edit., 1812, imp. 4to, and 25 copies on ele 
 phant paper. William Stevenson pub., in 1817, a supple 
 ment to the first, and also one to the second, edition. 
 
 " The knowledge of ancient architecture displayed in Bentham's 
 work far exceeded all that had been before written on that subject. 
 The Cathedral of Ely furnished him with examples of almost 
 every variety of style from the Saxon era to the Reformation. 
 The characteristic ornaments of each were carefully studied by 
 him; and his numerous quotations from ancient authors prove 
 his diligence in historical research. In this work was first brought 
 forward the presumed origin of the pointed arch, the chief feature 
 of the Gothic style, on which the whole style seemed to have been 
 formed. This kind of arch Bentham supposed might have been 
 derived from the intersection of two semi-circular arches, such as 
 are seen on the walls of some buildings erected soon after the 
 Norman Conquest. Dr. Milner, the historian of Winchester, has 
 since adopted this hypothesis, and supported it with a degree of 
 learned ingenuity which has given it much celebrity." 
 
 The poet Gray has been improperly credited with "the 
 architectural part of the History of Ely Cathedral." See 
 Dr. Milner's error on this subject, (in article Gothic Archi 
 tecture, in Rees's Cyclopaedia,) corrected in the Memoirs of 
 Bentham, prefixed to the new edit. (1812) of the History. 
 To this History the eminent antiquary, Rev. W. Cole of 
 Milton, and Dr. Bentham's brother, were considerable con 
 tributors. James Bentham, the son of the author, was 
 i the editor of the 2d edition. As the author commenced 
 I his history from his father's collections, we have here the 
 ! pleasing spectacle of three generations being employed 
 on the same work. 
 
 " It is probable that Mr. Bentham was determined to the pursuit 
 of ecclesiastical antiquities by the eminent example of Bishop 
 Tanner, (a prebendary of the same stall which Mr. B. afterwards 
 held,) who had honoured the family with many marks of his 
 kindness and friendship." 
 
 See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes ; Gorton's Biog. 
 Diet. ; Chalmers's do. ; Memoirs prefixed to the Hist, of 
 Ely, 1812 ; Notes on Mem. in Suppl. to Hist., 1817. 
 
 Bentham, Jeremy, 1747-1832, was a native of Lon 
 don, where his father and grandfather were attorneys. 
 He was so remarkable for an early love of books, that at, 
 the age of five years he had acquired among the members 
 of the family the name of " the philosopher." He was ad 
 mitted in his 14th year of Queen's College, Oxford, where 
 he at once became distinguished among his fellow stu 
 dents. After attending the celebrated Vinerian Lectures 
 of Sir William Blackstone, he was called to the Bar about 
 
 1772, but soon abandoned the profession from disgust at 
 the unjust charges to suitors, and other corruptions which 
 he found existing in the machinery of law. Mr. Bentham 
 visited Paris on three different occasions prior to the com 
 mencement of the French Revolution. In the second of 
 these visits he became acquainted with the celebrate'd 
 Brissot de Warville, who has left a graphic sketch of the 
 character of his friend. A still more important event was 
 his introduction to M. Dumont, the Marquis of Lans- 
 downe's Swiss librarian, then residing at Bowood. The 
 literary assistance of this gentleman in amending and 
 polishing his friend's composition, was invaluable. The 
 great object of Mr. Bentham's life was the improvement 
 of legislation and jurisprudence, and the advocacy of the 
 principle of utility as the criterion of right and wrong. 
 
 " In the phrase ' the greatest happiness of the greatest number,' 
 I then saw delineated for the first time [in Priestley's pamphlet] a 
 plain, as well as a true, standard for whatever is right or wrong 
 useful, useless, or mischievous in human conduct, whether in the 
 field of morals or politics." 
 
 But the questions immediately occur What is to be the 
 definition of the greatest happiness ? Is it happiness for 
 time or for eternity that should be man's great object? 
 Do not men's actions continually prove that, unassisted 
 by Revelation, they are equally incapable of judging what 
 is their true happiness, and of pursuing it when known ? 
 If a supposed utility, rather than a fixed principle, is to 
 direct action, men must judge what utility is, and there 
 may be as many opinions as there are judges; all cannot 
 be right, and all may be wrong; but obedience to the re 
 vealed will of God must in all cases be safe and profitable. 
 Is it to be supposed, then, that the Supreme Being has left 
 his creatures under the constant necessity of action, and 
 has given them no means save their own wild conjectures, 
 
 167 
 
BEN 
 
 BEN 
 
 of ascertaining either what will please their Creator, or 
 promote their own happiness ? Nothing, indeed, more 
 conclusively proves the necessity of a Revelation, than the 
 crude conjectures and childish fallacies, the baseless pre 
 mises and lame and impotent conclusions, of philosophi 
 cal and moral speculators, from Socrates to Voltaire, from 
 Zeno to Bentham. Jonathan Dymond, with the simple 
 Word of God as his weapon, can discomfit a host of such 
 "philosophers,"and put "to flight all the armies of the alien." 
 Mr. Bentham's first publication was A Fragment on 
 Government ; being an Examination of what is delivered 
 on the Subject in Blackstone's Commentaries, Lon., 1776, 
 8vo. This work, he tells us, was prompted by " a passion 
 for improvement in those shapes in which the lot of man 
 is meliorated by it." This was published anonymously. The 
 Lon. Monthly Review indignantly remonstrated upon the 
 writer's treatment of Blackstone : 
 
 " We cannot avoid expressing our disgust at the severity with 
 which the justly admired Commentator is treated in the critique 
 now before us. In order to convict him of obscurity and inaccuracy, 
 this anonymous Writer has taken much pains it must be owned, 
 with some ingenuity to analyze those passages in the introduc 
 tion to his work which treat of the subject of Government in gene 
 ral : and has scrutinized every word and idea with a degree of 
 rigour, which few even of the most admired writers would be able 
 to endure. ... In what the author advances concerning the Bri 
 tish constitution, he controverts, with a mixture of argument and 
 raillery, many popular opinions; with what success we shall not at 
 present undertake to determine." 
 
 His View of the Hard Labour Bill appeared in 1778, 
 and the Principles of Morals and Legislation in 1780. The 
 Defence of Usury was pub. in 1787. 
 
 " If we mistake not, this tract will furnish ground for many 
 ample discussions, that will, we hope, terminate in the emancipat 
 ing the human mind from many great errors that capitally in 
 fluence the business of human life. ... We view it as a political 
 gem of the finest water, that requires only to be examined with 
 attention in order to be admired." ion. Monthly Review. 
 
 " A work unanswered and unanswerable ; and not less admira 
 bly reasoned than happily expressed." Edinburgh Review. 
 
 " Perhaps the best specimen of the exhaustive discussion of a 
 moral or political question, leaving no objection, however feeble, 
 unanswered, and no difficulty, however small, unexplained ; re 
 markable, also, for the clearness and spirit of the style, for the full 
 exposition which suits them to all intelligent readers, for the ten 
 der and skilful hand with which prejudice is touched, and for the 
 urbanity of his admirable apology for projectors." SIR JAMES 
 MACKINTOSH. 
 
 The Principles of Morals and Legislation was pub. in 
 1789, (printed in 1780,) and in the next year he communi 
 cated a plan of making convicts useful, in his Panopticon, 
 or the Inspection House. Two years later he pub. Truth 
 versus Ashurst, <fcc., and in 1795 Supply without Burthen, 
 or Escheat vice Taxation ; to which he prefixed his Protest 
 against Law Taxes. 
 
 " It appears to us that this Essay is a hasty and undigested per 
 formance, and that it required more consideration than the author 
 has bestowed on it." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 The same periodical had remarked of the Principles of 
 Morals and Legislation, that Mr. Bentham, 
 
 " Like many other men of great and comprehensive minds here 
 seems to have engaged in a pursuit too extensive, perhaps, for the 
 powers of any individual of the human race to execute with pre 
 cision and propriety." 
 
 Mr. Bentham's principal work was first published in 
 French in 1802. It is entitled Traites de Legislation Civile 
 et Penale; prece'de's de Principes Ge"neraux de Legislation, 
 et d'une Vue d'un Corps complet de Droit ; termin6s par 
 un Essai sur 1'influence des Terns et des Lieux relative- 
 ment aux Lois, Paris, an. x., 1802. This work was trans 
 lated into French by M. Dumont "d'apres les Manuscrits 
 confies par 1'Auteur." We should not omit to notice Mr. 
 R. Hildreth's translation of this work into English, Boston, 
 2 vols. 12mo, 1840. 
 
 Other works of Bentham's are, A Plea for the Constitu 
 tion, 1803. Scotch Reform Considered, 1808. Defence of 
 Economy against Burke, 1810-17. Ditto against Rose, 
 1810-17. Elements of the Art of Packing, 1810-21. Theorie 
 des Peines et des Recompenses, redigee en Francais par 
 Dumont, 1812. 
 
 " The law student cannot fail in being much delighted with this 
 work ; it is a book replete with original and philosophical thoughts 
 and sound practical observations, conveyed in a manner of pecu- | 
 liar force, and often in language of great novelty and appropriate- ! 
 ness ; in fine, in a style not entirely Mr. Bentham's. but in his best 
 manner, with the exception of his Essay on Usury, and his Frag 
 ments on Government." Hoffman's Legal Study. 
 
 " Mr. Bentham has particularly and philosophically examined i 
 the subject of punishment. His writings have been and will be I 
 of great practical benefit to mankind. They will form the mine ' 
 wherein statesmen are to work for the ore that must be converted 
 to the uses of Legislation. In practical legislation, in the laborious, 
 and, what to most men would be, the tedious, scrutiny of existing 
 abuses, in the unwearied exposure of inconsistency in our laws, 
 and a daring without check, and before him without precedent, in 
 sifting their very foundations, and penetrating the most awful and i 
 
 mysterious recesses of the temple of Justice, he stands perhaps 
 without a rival among men." Lon. Eclectic Hevitw. 
 
 This treatise was trans, into English, under the follow 
 ing titles; The Rationale of Reward, Lon., 1825, 8vo. 
 The Rationale of Punishment, Lon., 1829, 8vo. 
 
 On the Law of Evidence, 1813. Church of Englandism 
 and its Catechism examined, 1818. Essai sur la Tactique 
 des Assemblers Politiques, par Durnont, 1816. Swear not 
 at all, &c., printed 1813, pub. 1817. Chrestomathia, 1817. 
 Codification Proposal, 1822. Traite" des Preuves Judici- 
 aires, par Dumont, Paris, 1823. M. Dumont tells us that 
 this Treatise cost the author more labour than any other 
 of his works. The editor reduced to shape a mass of ma 
 terials which had been accumulating for a long period 
 Trans, into English, Lon., 1825, 8vo. The Book of Falla 
 cies from his unfinished papers, by a Friend, appeared in 
 1824. Rationale of Judicial Evidence, specially applied 
 to English, by Mr. Mill, from the author's MSS., 5 vols. 
 8vo, 1827. 
 
 " We could have wished the present editor had translated the 
 work out of the obscure involuted Benthamic dialect in which it 
 is written. A book more disgustingly affected, and so nearly un 
 intelligible, it is not possible to produce in the English language. 
 It is a vast and most luxuriant forest of disquisition and informa 
 tion; a production which has occupied a powerful, original, and 
 active mind, with little interruption, during a long and studious 
 life." American Southern Review. 
 
 We have not thought it necessary, in our limited space, 
 to give the titles of all the publications of this voluminous 
 author. Among the last pieces of the two years preceding 
 his death were, The 1st vol. of a Constitutional Code ; Offi 
 cial Aptitude Maximized; Expense Minimized; Justice 
 and Codification Petitions; Letter to his French Fellow- 
 Citizens; Letter to the French Chamber of Peers, and Re 
 marks on the Bankruptcy Bill. An edition of his works 
 has been pub. in 11 vols. 8vo, Edin., 1843, edited by Dr. 
 Bowring, with an introduction by J. H. Burton, Esq. We 
 shall now proceed to give some opinions on our celebrated 
 author and his productions. We make a brief extract from 
 Brissot's celebrated sketch : 
 
 Candour in the countenance, mildness in the looks, serenity 
 upon the brow, calmness in the language, coolness in the move 
 ments, imperturbability united with the keenest feeling; such are 
 his qualities. . . . When he had examined all these wrecks of Gothic 
 Law, and collected his materials, he applied himself to the con 
 struction of a systematic plan of civil and criminal law, founded 
 entirely upon reason, and having for its object the happiness of 
 the human race." 
 
 Dr. Parr, a small man with a great name a man ridicu 
 lously overrated perhaps overpraises Bentham as much as 
 Bishop Butler overpraises Parr : 
 
 "Dr. Parr considered Jeremy Bentham as the wisest man of his 
 time, whose powerful and penetrating mind had anticipated the 
 improvements of coming ages, and who, on the all-important sub 
 ject of Jurisprudence has discovered and collected knowledge, 
 which will scarcely find its way to the great mass of human intel 
 lect, perhaps through the course of another century." Field's Life 
 of Parr, vol. ii., p. 203. 
 
 "In Jeremy Bentham the world has lost the great teacher and 
 patriot of his time ; the man who, of all men who were living on 
 the day of his death, has exercised and is exercising over the for 
 tunes of mankind the widest and most durable influence. . . . There 
 are some most important branches of the science of law which were 
 in a more wretched state than almost any of the others when he 
 took them in hand, and which he has so exhausted, that he seems 
 to have left nothing to be sought by future inquirers; we mean 
 the departments of procedure, evidence, and the judicial establish 
 ment." London Examiner. 
 
 The Traites de Legislation Civile et Penale was reviewed 
 at length by Lord Jeffrey in the Edinburgh Review : 
 
 " The plan which Mr. Bentham has chalked out for himself in 
 this undertaking, is more vast and comprehensive, we believe, than 
 was ever ventured upon before by the ambition of any one indi 
 vidual. It embraces almost every thing that is important in the 
 science of human nature, and not only touches upon all the hitrher 
 questions of government and legislation, but includes most of the 
 abstract principles of ethics and metaphysics, and professes to de 
 lineate those important rules by which the finest speculations of 
 philosophy may be made to exert their influence on the actual con 
 dition of society Notwithstanding all that M. Dumont has done 
 
 to render the work popular, we are afraid that it will have fe\m 
 readers than it desarves. Those who do read it, will also dissent, 
 we should imagine, from many of the author's fundamental prin 
 ciples ; but they will infallibly be delighted with the sagacity and 
 independence which distinguish all his speculations, and will 
 look forward with impatience to the publication of his entire sys 
 tem." Vol. ii., 1804. 
 
 The reviewing of the Book of Fallacies, (pub. 1824,) fell 
 to the lot of the witty author of Peter Plymley's Letters. 
 We commend the critique to the attention of our readers. 
 Sydney Smith introduces the subject in his own amusing 
 style : 
 
 "Whether it is necessary there should be a middleman between 
 the cultivator and possessor, learned economists doubted; but 
 neither gods, men, nor booksellers can doubt, the necessity of a 
 middleman between Mr. Bentham and the public. Mr. Bentham 
 is long; Mr. Bentham is occasionally involved and obscure; Mr. 
 
BEN 
 
 BEN 
 
 Bentham invents new and alarming expressions; Mr. Bentham 
 loves division and subdivision and he loves method itself, more 
 than its consequences. Those only, therefore, who know his origi 
 nality, his knowledge, his vigour, and his boldness, will recur to 
 the works themselves. The great mass of readers will not purchase 
 improvement at so dear a rate; but will choose rather to become 
 acquainted with Mr. Bentham through the Reviews after that 
 eminent philosopher has been washed, trimmed, shaved, and forced 
 into clean linen." Edin. Review, vol. xlii., 1825. 
 
 In the Papers relative to Codification were included the 
 author's correspondence with divers constituted authorities 
 in the United States of America, relative to the improve 
 ment of their legislation : 
 
 " The United States are still subject to the common law of Eng 
 land, except so far as that law has been altered or repealed by 
 British or American statutes. In the opinion of Mr. Bentham, an 
 unwritten law must always be attended with great evils; and he 
 earnestly exhorts the Americans, in the place of it, to substitute 
 a written code. The greater part of what is addressed on this sub 
 ject to America is immediately applicable to England ; and a mat 
 ter of greater or more increasing importance can hardly be presented 
 to our view. . . . What principally obstructs the circulation of Mr. 
 Bentham's writings, is the style in which they are composed. Un 
 like most authors, Mr. BenthanTs first publications are, in point of 
 writing, the most perfect; and long habit and frequent exercise, 
 instead of improving his language, seem only to have rendered it 
 perplexed, obscure, and uncouth." Edin. Review, vol. xxix., 1817. 
 
 The Rationale of Judicial Evidence, (pub. 1827,) is very 
 freely reviewed in the same periodical. The critic thus 
 concludes : 
 
 " As we have spoken plainly our real sentiments regarding the 
 flaws which strike across this great work a vein so deep and coarse 
 that there is scarce a page together which we have read with un- 
 mingled pleasure ; we are bound to state with equal sincerity, that 
 we should have thought it impossible for any book upon a subject 
 with which we had fancied ourselves well acquainted, and which, 
 in our idiomatic form of it at least, we had been long conversant, 
 to have given us so many new ideas, and to have so completely 
 changed our old ones." Ibid., vol. xlviii., 1828. 
 
 The Theorie des Peines et des Recompenses, (pub. 1811,) 
 affords an opportunity for honourable mention of the author : 
 
 " Additional time for meditating upon the subject has only con 
 firmed the conviction originally entertained, of the essential services 
 rendered to the most important branch of legislation by this pro 
 mulgation of Mr. Bentham's doctrines." Ibid., vol. xxii., 1813. 
 
 In a notice of Deontology, or the Science of Morality, 
 arranged by Dr. Bowring from the MSS. of Mr. Bentham, 
 (pub. 1834,) the Edinburgh reviewer remarks, 
 
 " That the Germans, the most accurate, learned, and philosophical 
 nation in Europe, admit the merits of Mr. Bentham as a juriscon 
 sult, in his analysis and classification of the material interests of 
 life; but their metaphysicians and moralists agree, we believe, 
 without an exception, in considering his speculative philosophy as 
 undeserving even the pomp and ceremony of an argument." 
 Vol. Ixi., 1835. 
 
 With respect to adverse criticism, Mr. Bentham pursued 
 a plan the adoption of which would save many poor au 
 thors much mortification and chagrin ; he made it a rule 
 to read nothing against his theories. 
 
 Church of Englandism and its Catechism examined, (pub. 
 1818,) is severely rebuked in the Lon. Quarterly Review : 
 
 ' It is fortunate that this book (as we have said) is not at all 
 attractive; it is too obscure to be generally understood, and too 
 ridiculous to be admired; and however mischievous the intention, 
 the tendency will be very innoxious. Of its worst part, the inde 
 cent levity with which all that is sacred is treated in it, we have 
 not spoken. These offences must be answered for at a higher tri 
 bunal ; but we would seriously recommend it to the author to 
 consider whether the decline of life cannot be better spent than in 
 captiously cavilling at the doctrines of religion, and in profane ri 
 dicule of its most holy rites." Vol. xxi.,18l9. 
 
 Rev. H. J. Rose pub. A Critical Examination of those 
 parts of Bentham's work which relate to the Sacraments 
 and Church Catechism, Lon., 1819, 8vo. 
 
 A notice of Chrestomathia, a work upon education, &c., 
 (pub. 1817,) will be found in the Monthly Review, vol. xc., 
 1819 i 
 
 " In the present treatise, as in all the works of Mr. Bentham, 
 the reader will discover much originality of thought; for the au 
 thor never sits down to examine any of the objects of intellectual 
 pursuit without illuminating them by the rays of his own en 
 lightened understanding. Mr. Bentham has long been a darino- 
 innovator in the use of words ; and he scatters his new terms over 
 his page ' thick as autumnal leaves that strew the brooks La Val- 
 lombrosa.' " 
 
 Bentham's Theory of Legislation translated into English 
 by R. Hildreth, (see ante,) was reviewed by Mr. W. Phil 
 lips in the North American Review, vol. li., 384 : 
 
 " Mr. Bentham's political speculations are not without theoreti 
 cal distortions ; but he is not very Utopian, he does not write of 
 perfect commonwealths, founded upon a state of manners, morals 
 and intelligence, of rights and obligations, that have been out of 
 vogue ever since the golden age. He takes mankind as he finds 
 them, with their passions, views, depravity, and blind prejudices: 
 and sometimes reminds his readers of Solon's modification of theo 
 ries and principles, by the rule, that you are only to give a people 
 as good a code as they will bear." 
 
 The author of the letters addressed to Sir Robert Peel 
 under the signature of Eunomus handles Bentham with 
 
 great severity ; whilst, on the other hand, Mr. E. Sinclair 
 Cullen declares that when he reads the criticisms of those 
 who 
 
 " ' Bounded by nature, narrowed still by art, 
 A trifling head, and a contracted heart,' 
 
 attack the opinions and deride the style of Mr. Bentham, I am 
 the more struck with his stupendous superiority of mind, and his 
 
 enviable superiority of feeling But I let my pen drop with 
 
 humility ; suddenly ashamed at my presumption in fancying that 
 I can offer any worthy homage to a person so celebrated in all 
 quarters of the world as a benefactor to mankind." 
 
 In a similar strain, a writer in the New Monthly Maga 
 zine does not scruple to say that "a knowledge of his 
 works is a key which unlocks all the mysteries of social 
 and political government." The advocacy of Mr. Mill 
 and the strictures of Sir Samuel Romilly, Sir James Mack 
 intosh, and Mr. Macaulay need only be referred to here. 
 Our utilitarian philosopher was not considered unworthy 
 the adulation of princes. Talleyrand made a proposal a 
 few weeks before the author's death to have a complete 
 edition of his works published at Paris in the French lan 
 guage. The Emperor Alexander sent him a diamond ring, 
 which, as Major Parry thinks, to his "immortal honour/' 
 but as we think, rather in bad taste, he returned. 
 
 In the words of Sir James Mackintosh, 
 
 " It cannot be denied without injustice and ingratitude, that 
 Mr. Bentham has done more than any other writer to rouse the 
 spirit of juridical reformation which is now gradually examining 
 every part of law ; and when further progress is facilitated by di 
 gesting the present laws, will doubtless proceed to the improve 
 ment of all. Greater praise it is given to few to earn." Prel. Dis. 
 to Encyc. Brit. 
 
 Had the philosopher been more distrustful of himself, he 
 would have proved of more benefit to others, and a greater 
 share of humility would have added to his true greatness. 
 
 Bentham, Joseph. Theolog. works, Lon., 1630-36. 
 
 Bentham, Thomas, b. about 1513, d. 1578, Bishop 
 of Lichfield and Coventry, trans, the Book of Psalms 
 into English at the command of Queen Elizabeth ; he like 
 wise trans. Ezekiel and Daniel. He also pub. a sermon on 
 St. Matt. xli. 11. 
 
 Bentinck, Henry Cavendish, Lord William, 
 K. B. Account of the Mutiny at Vallore, Lon., 1810, 4to. 
 
 Bentley, Elizabeth, daughter of a journeyman 
 cordwainer, born at Norwich, 1767. Genuine Poetical 
 Compositions, on various Subjects, Lon., 1791, 8vo. 
 
 Bentley, Hugh. British Class Book; or Exercises 
 in Reading and Elocution, Lon., 1837, 12mo. 
 
 "Mr. Bentley has made the selections with an excellent dis 
 crimination and fine taste ; and we have no doubt the work will 
 take a station in the first class of works designed for tuition. To 
 a general purchaser, it is valuable from the intrinsic worth and 
 variety of its contents." Britannia. 
 
 Bentley, John. Theolog. works, Lon., 1803-12. 
 
 Bentley, John. The Royal Convert; a Sacred Dranm, 
 1803. The Royal Penitent; a Sacred Drama, 1804. 
 
 Bentley, Richard, D.D., 1661-21742, was a native 
 of Oulton, near Wakefield, in the West Riding of York 
 shire. In 1676 he was sent to St. John's College, Cain- 
 bridge, where he gave such proofs of application to his 
 studies, that at the early age of twenty he was nominated 
 by the Fellows of St. John's to the head-mastership of the 
 grammar school of Spalding, in Lincolnshire. After hold 
 ing this situation for a twelvemonth, he accepted the office 
 of domestic tutor to the son of Dr. Edward Stillingfleet, 
 the Dean of St. Paul's, and subsequently Bishop of Wor 
 cester. In 1692 he received a prebend in Worcester Cathe 
 dral, and was appointed to deliver the first series of the 
 Boyle Lectures. In the next year he was made keeper of 
 the Royal Library at St. James's. In 1695 he was made 
 chaplain in ordinary to the King; and took his degree of 
 D.D. at Cambridge, in 1696. In February, 1700, he was 
 installed master of Trinity College, Cambridge, and in the 
 same year was collated to the archdeaconry of Ely, vacant 
 by the death of Dr. Saywell. In 1717, by the death of 
 Dr. James, the Regius Professorship of Divinity became 
 vacant, and was obtained by Dr. Bentley by the use of the 
 most skilful management. Our space will not permit ua 
 to enter into any detailed account of the unhappy contro 
 versies in which the master of Trinity bore so prominent 
 a part. His demand for an illegal fee was resisted by 
 Conyers Middleton, who was sustained by the Vice-chan 
 cellor's court. Bentley treated the authorities with the 
 same contempt which he had displayed for his accuser ; 
 and on his refusal to make reparation, the senate, by a 
 large majority, deprived him of all his degrees. This de 
 cree was followed by a lively controversy, in which Mid 
 dleton displayed great ability. The Fellows of Trinity at 
 last resolved to bring their grievances to a judicial tribu 
 nal. The cause was finally referred to the House of Lords, 
 
BEN 
 
 BEN 
 
 who commissioned Dr. Greene, the Bishop of Ely, to try 
 Dr. Bentley upon twenty out of the sixty-four articles ex 
 hibited against him. The Bishop sentenced him to be de 
 prived of his mastership, and his enemies seemed to have 
 completely triumphed. But Bentley was not easily out 
 witted. The sentence of the Bishop could be put in exe 
 cution by none but the vice-master ; Bentley placed his 
 devoted adherent, Richard Walker, in that office ; and the 
 new incumbent, pleading that lie was not the same vice- 
 master, refused to carry the sentence into execution. In 
 1738 Bishop Greene died; the proceedings were not re 
 vived, and Bentley triumphed j holding out for 28 years 
 against all right and law, despising alike ecclesiastical 
 authority, and the censure of the university. We will now 
 turn to a more pleasing subject the literary character of 
 this great scholar and eminent classical critic. 
 
 His first publication was Epistola ad clarum virum Joan- 
 nem Millium, appended to the Oxford edition of the Chro 
 nicle of Joannes Malelas Antiochenus. This dissertation 
 at once established his reputation throughout Europe as 
 " a critic of the very highest order of excellence." It was 
 received with the "loudest commendations by Graevius 
 and Ezekiel Spanheim ; and has ever since been spoken 
 of by the first critics with reverence and wonder. See, in 
 particular, Ruhnken's preface to Albert! Hesychius." 
 
 "There is, perhaps, no learned work of the same compass which 
 can be compared with it for ingenuity, originality, and copious 
 erudition. The observations on Hesychius are particularly valu 
 able." 
 
 " When we consider the number of topics discussed of which 
 many were among the most obscure and intricate within the whole 
 range of philological criticism, the reach and originality of his 
 speculations on questions supposed to have been exhausted by the 
 learning and sagacity of his predecessors, the prodigious display 
 of erudition, apparently not less extensive, and incomparably more 
 accurate than that of Salmasius, Scaliger, or Casaubon the close, 
 irresistible logic with which he supports all his discoveries and 
 conclusions, and the animation of his style, which throws a 
 charm and liveliness over subjects naturally the most devoid of 
 interest, we may safely pronounce the Epistle to Dr. Mill to be one 
 of the most extraordinary performances in the entire compass of 
 classical literature. Indeed, but for one of the subsequent pro 
 ductions of the same author, it would have remained to this day 
 unrivalled." Cunningham's Biog. Hist. 
 
 Mr. Hallam, after remarking that Bentley was the great 
 est English critic in his own, or possibly any other, age, 
 proceeds to notice the Epistle to Mill : 
 
 " In a desultory and almost garrulous strain Bentley pours forth 
 an immense store of novel learning and of acute criticism, espe 
 cially on his favourite subject, which was destined to become his 
 glory, the scattered relics of the ancient dramatists. The style of 
 Bentlev, always terse and lively, sometimes humorous and dryly 
 sarcastic, whether he wrote in Latin or in English, could not but 
 augment the admiration which his learning challenged. Grsevius 
 and Spanheim pronounced him the rising star of British litera 
 ture, and a correspondence with the former began in 1692, which 
 continued in unbroken friendship till his death." Lit. of Europe. 
 
 In 1696 he transmitted to Graevius his notes and emen 
 dations on Callimachus, with a large collection of the 
 fragments of that poet. 
 
 " The erudition and critical acumen displayed in these contri 
 butions to his friend's edition, were such as fully to sustain his 
 reputation as the first scholar of modern times." 
 
 The celebrated controversy respecting the genuineness 
 of the Epistles of Phalaris now claims our attention. Sir 
 William Temple had cited the Epistles of Phalaris and the 
 Fables of j53sop as conspicuous instances of the superiority 
 of ancient literature over modern. Wotton replied with 
 ability ; and Bentley promised to prove that the JSsopian 
 Fables were not JEsop's, and that the Epistles of Phalaris 
 were a modern forgery. A new edition of the Epistles 
 was preparing about this time at Christ Church College, 
 Oxford, and the Honourable Charles Boyle, a student in 
 the college, was selected as the editor. The preface to the 
 new edition contained a censure upon Bentley for a sup 
 posed want of courtesy respecting the use of a MS. in the 
 library at St. James's. The bookseller, Bennet, had at 
 tempted to cover his negligence by throwing the blame 
 upon Dr. Bentley, the librarian. The latter wrote to Mr. 
 Boyle, and explained the facts of the case. Boyle replied, 
 that 
 
 " What Mr. Bentley had said might be true, but that the book 
 seller had represented the matter quite otherwise, and that Mr. 
 Bentley might seek his redress in any method he pleased." 
 
 In 1697 Wotton published a new edition of his Reply to 
 Sir William Temple, and begged his friend Bentley to ful 
 fil his promise, and furnish him with the proof of the spu- 
 riousness of the Epistles to Phalaris, the Fables of ^Esop, 
 and the Letters of Themistocles, of Socrates, and of Eu 
 ripides. Dr. Bentley complied with the request, and com 
 posed a masterly demonstration of the position which he 
 had so boldly assumed. 
 
 "Considered as a whole, the dissertation must be pronounced a 
 170 
 
 masterpiece of learning and ability, to the production of which no 
 other writer of the age was equal." 
 
 The scholars of Christ Church, amazed but not silenced, 
 determined to encounter their formidable opponent, and 
 deputed a committee, consisting of Atterbury, Smalridge, 
 Anthony Alsop, and the two brothers Freind, to carry on 
 the war. Atterbury, afterwards Bishop of Rochester, was 
 the principal champion. The rejoinder appeared in March, 
 1698. It was styled Dr. Bentley's Dissertations on the 
 Epistles of Phalaris and the Fables of ^Esop, examined 
 by the Hon. Charles Boyle. This work was as contemptible 
 in point of philological learning as it was brilliant in the 
 more popular qualities of wit and satire. 
 
 "It was received by the literary world with a tempest of ap 
 plause. Wits and witlings, poets, mathematicians, and anti 
 quaries concurred in celebrating the imaginary triumph of the 
 Oxonians, and persecuting the great critic who was soon to crush 
 them at a blow." 
 
 Pope, Swift, Aldrich, Garth, Dodwell, and Conyers Mid- 
 dleton were among his opponents. Dr. Garth has stereo 
 typed his own ignorance in the well-known couplet in his 
 Dispensary : 
 
 " So diamonds owe a lustre to their foil, 
 And to a Bentley 'tis we owe a Boyle." 
 
 Swift's Battle of the Books is about the only one of all 
 the satires aimed at Bentley which is now known to the 
 general reader. But the triumphing of the Pigmies was 
 short. In 1699 the doctor carried dismay into the ranks 
 of the adversary by the " unrivalled and immortal" Dis 
 sertation upon the Epistles of Phalaris, with an Answer to 
 the objections of the Hon. Robt. Boyle. The victory was 
 complete : the enemy was made to " bite the dust," and 
 the battle was at an end. 
 
 "To those who never critically examined this truly stupendous 
 production, it is impossible to convey an adequate conception of 
 its merits. To affirm that it vindicates the character of Beutley in 
 every particular on which it had been assailed, and, with one in 
 considerable exception, sustains every position that he had ad 
 vanced in the original dissertation upon Phalaris, is saying little. 
 It is replete throughout with learning of the finest and rarest 
 quality. The same unequalled force and subtlety of intellect 
 which had distinguished the appendix to the Chronicle of Malelas, 
 is here exhibited to even greater advantage. The style, though 
 wanting in harmony and elegance, is full of energy ; and the wit 
 and sarcasm with which the whole piece abounds, if inferior to 
 that of his adversaries in the qualities of ease and grace, is equal, 
 perhaps superior, in pungency. This incomparable work was, 
 after an interval of nearly eighty years, translated into Latin by 
 Lennep, a scholar of eminence, and one of the pupils of the illus 
 trious Valckenaer." Cunningham's Biog. Hist. 
 
 " It may be said, with perfect truth, that, as a combination of 
 profound learning and great originality with lively wit and sound 
 logic, it has never been paralleled. Although it came forth as an 
 occasional and controversial work, such is the fulness with which 
 every subject in it is discussed, that it is still used as a text-book 
 in our universities, and will always continue to be read even by 
 those who have no interest in, nor acquaintance with, the book to 
 which it is professedly an answer." dose's Biog. Diet. 
 
 We have quoted Mr. Hallam's observations on the Epis 
 tle to Mill. This eminent authority proceeds to remark : 
 
 " But the rare qualities of Bentley were more abundantly dis 
 played, and before the eyes of a more numerous tribunal, in his 
 famous dissertation on the epistles ascribed to Phalaris. ... It 
 was the first great literary war that had been waged in England; 
 and like that of Troy, it has still the prerogative of being remem 
 bered, after the Epistles of Phalaris are almost as much buried as 
 the walls of Troy itself. Both combatants were skilful in wielding 
 the sword : the arms of Boyle, in Swift's language, were given 
 him by all the gods ; but his antagonist stood forward in no such 
 figurative strength, master of a learning to which nothing paral 
 lel had been known in England, and that directed by an under 
 standing prompt, discriminating, not idly skeptical, but still fur 
 ther removed from trust in authority ; sagacious in perceiving cor 
 ruptions of language, and ingenious, at the least, in removing 
 them; with a style rapid, concise, amusing, and superior to Boyl* 
 in that which he had chiefly to boast, a sarcastic wit." Lit. of 
 Europe. 
 
 Mr. Disraeli, in his Quarrels of Authors, remarks : 
 
 "Bentley's Dissertation on Phalaris is a volume of perpetual 
 value to the lovers of ancient Literature. His narrative of the rise 
 of his controversy with Boyle is a most vigorous production; it 
 heaves with the workings of a master spirit; still reasoning with 
 such force, and still applying with such happiness the stores of 
 his copious literature, that had it not been for this Literary Quar 
 rel, the mere English reader had lost this single opportunity of 
 surveying that commanding intellect. Posterity justly appreciates 
 the volume of Bentley for its stores of Ancient Literature, and the 
 author for that peculiar sagacity in emending a corrupt text, which 
 formed his distinguishing characteristic as a classical critic." 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Dyce, the learned editor of Bentley's works, 
 (Lon., 1836-38, 3 vols. only published,) observes that 
 
 "On Bentley's memorable performances, the Dissertations on 
 Phalaris, criticism has been exhausted. In the just arrangement 
 of the matter, in the logical precision of the arguments, and in 
 the readiness and skill with which the most extensive and refined 
 erudition is brought to bear upon the points contested, it is per 
 haps unrivalled by any single work. Enriched with incidental 
 disquisitions on many different topics of classical learning, it will 
 
BEN 
 
 ever be prized by the student as a storehouse of important infor- 
 
 " Good sense," says Bishop Warburton, " is the foundation of 
 criticism; this it is that has made Dr. Bentley and Bishop Hare 
 the two "reatest critics that ever were in the world. Not that good 
 sense alone will be sufficient; for that considerable part of it, 
 emending a corrupt text, there must be a certain sagacity, which 
 is so distinguishing a quality in Dr. Bentley." Bishop Warburton 
 to Dr. Birch : Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. 
 
 In 1708 Bentley addressed to Ludolph Kuster, who was 
 engaged upon an edition of Aristophanes, Three Critical 
 Epistles, containing annotations upon the Plutus and the 
 Nubes. In the next year he communicated a number of 
 notes to Davies's edition of the Tusculan Questions of 
 Cicero. These were followed by the celebrated Emenda 
 tions of Menander Philemon. How severely he rebuked 
 the presumption of Le Clerc, and the controversy which 
 ensued thereon, are matters doubtless familiar to many of 
 our readers. His edition of Horace, which had engaged 
 him for ten years, was published at Cambridge in 1711, 
 4to. This work claims both praise and censure. The 
 illustrative annotations, and many of the emendations, 
 are invaluable ; the chronology has been approved as sound, 
 and the logical acuteness and penetrating sagacity of the 
 editor cannot be sufficiently admired; but, on the other 
 hand, indefensible liberties are taken with the text, and a 
 conjectural fabric of unwieldy proportions is erected upon 
 a narrow basis of probability. The errors of so eminent 
 a critic were not allowed to pass without chastisement. 
 Ker and Johnson, and long afterwards, Cunningham, in 
 his rival edition of Horace, (1721,) visited the offences of 
 the great master with a rod of iron. In 1713, under the 
 signature of Phileleutheros Lipsiensis, our author casti 
 gated Anthony Collins for his Discourse of Free-thinking, 
 pub. in the same year. 
 
 "This volume should be studied by every man who is desirous 
 of forming just notions of Biblical Criticism." HERBERT MARSH. 
 
 His great sermon on Popery was preached and published 
 in 1715. Some Kemarks upon it were pub. by John Gum 
 ming in 1718. In 1720 he issued his Proposals for print 
 ing a New Edition of the Greek Testament. His letter to 
 Archbishop Wake upon this subject was dated four years 
 earlier. Bentley designed to restore the text of the Greek 
 Testament to the same state in which it was at the Council 
 of Nice. His plan was "to amend the Greek text through 
 the Latin Vulgate, in the same way as the version of Plato 
 by M. Ticino is made the basis for corrections of the Greek 
 text of that philosopher." The 22d chapter of the Apoca 
 lypse was published with the prospectus as a specimen ; a 
 number of MSS. had been collected, and 2000 subscribed. 
 The Proposals were assailed by Conyers Middleton in a 
 tone of great severity. Bentley replied to the attack for 
 which he held Dr. Colbatch partly responsible but he did 
 not carry out his projected new edition. Whether he would 
 have fallen into the errors apprehended by Ernesti, of 
 attaching too great weight to those Greek MSS. which have 
 been interpolated from the Latin version, and to those La 
 tin MSS. which he supposed to contain the genuine ver 
 sion of Jerome, which certainly followed the text of Ori- 
 gen it is of course impossible to decide. Ernesti draws 
 these conclusions from Bentley's proposals, but what scho 
 lar does not improve and sometimes completely alter 
 the original design ? It is proper to remark here, in con 
 nexion with the reference to Middleton, that in 1724 Bentr 
 ley was restored by a peremptory mandamus to all the de 
 grees and privileges of which he had been deprived. 
 
 In 1725 appeared his celebrated edition of Terence. This 
 is carefully prepared, and will bear the test of criticism. 
 
 " The Schediasma on Latin metres which is prefixed to it, is 
 still the best treatise on the subject. Indeed Bentley may be con 
 sidered as absolutely a discoverer in relation to Latin metres: he 
 had given a proof of his originality in this field in 1709, in some 
 notes on Cicero's Tusculari? Disputationes appended to Davies's edi 
 tion, in which he had restored, in a most ingenious and satisfoc- 
 tory manner, the fragments of the Latin poets quoted in that 
 
 Unfortunately this creditable work was followed by an 
 edition of Phaedrus and Publius Syrius, which has the un 
 enviable distinction of being the most careless and inde 
 fensible production ever published by its editor. For his 
 unwarrantable alterations of the text, and other faults, 
 Dr. Hare, whom Bentley designed to, and did, anticipate, 
 as editor to Phaedrus, rebuked him severely in his Em's- 
 tola Critica. Passing over for the moment a review" of 
 Bentley's revision of Paradise Lost, we briefly notice a 
 labour for which the critic was much better qualified his 
 design to restore the text of Homer to the state in which 
 it had been left by the ancient rhapsodists. 
 
 " This he intended to effect principally by the revival and inser 
 tion of an old letter, originally the sixth of the Greek alphabet, 
 
 BEN 
 
 which, as the exigencies of the metre showed, must have been in 
 use at the time when the Homeric poems were composed. This 
 letter, which is commonly called the digcnmma, has a significance 
 even for the readers of our lighter literature. Most persons are 
 familiar with the lines which Pope, in the fourth book of his Dun- 
 ciad, puts into the mouth of Bentley : 
 
 ' Roman and Greek grammarian, know your better, 
 Author of something yet more great than letter; 
 While towering o'er your alphabet, like Saul, 
 Stands our digamma, and o'ertops them all.' 
 "The last line refers to the representation of the digamma by a 
 capital F, in two quotations from Homer which appeared in the 
 notes to Milton." See the excellent article on Bentley in Kose's 
 Biog. Diet. ; also see Cunningham's Biog. Hist. 
 
 Bentley had now reached the ripe age of seventy-two, 
 when he was arrested in his labours upon Homer by a 
 paralytic stroke, which preceded his death about three 
 years. The corrections in his copy of the poet were used 
 by Heyne in his edition of Homer, and many of the emi 
 nent critic's suggestions have been printed by Mr. Donald 
 son in the New Cratylus. His last employment was an 
 edition of Manilius, pub. in 1739 by his nephew, Richard 
 Bentley. We made a passing reference to our author's 
 proposed emendations to the text of Milton. For this 
 delicate, and, indeed, supererogatory, task, few men of 
 learning were less qualified. In those most essential 
 points, a knowledge of the Italian and romantic writers, 
 religious sensibility, and a fervid imagination, he was re 
 markably deficient. Even the command of Queen Caro 
 line is no excuse for such an undertaking. Bentley should 
 have declined in Latin, and, if still pressed, expostulated 
 in Greek, and the business would have dropped. When 
 Adam Smith remarked upon Johnson's recitation of Bent- 
 ley's verses in Dodsley's Collection, that they were "very 
 well ! very well," Johnson replied, with his usual acute- 
 ness, "Yes, they are very well, sir; but you may observe 
 in what manner they are well. They are the forcible 
 verses of a man of strong mind, but not accustomed to 
 write verse ; for there is some uncouthness in the expres 
 sion." The application to our subject is obvious. Teuton 
 had dropped a hint that some apparent errors in Paradise 
 Lost were probably occasioned by the carelessness or mis 
 apprehension of the amanuensis who wrote what the bard 
 dictated. This conjecture is adopted by Bentley, and the 
 unlucky amanuensis is not spared. We have already far 
 exceeded our intended limits, and can devote but little 
 space to a very amusing and very instructive subject. 
 Bentley's improvements of Milton must be read to be ap 
 preciated. It is possible that some one of our readers may 
 not have met with the correction of the grand line : 
 
 " No li'ht, but rather darkness visible." 
 Bentley kindly offers us the following: 
 
 ' No light, but rather a transpicuous gloom." 
 Which does the reader prefer ? 
 
 " As from the centre thrice to the utmost pole," 
 is "amended" to 
 
 " Distance which to express all measure fails." 
 " Our torments, also, may in length of time 
 
 Become our elements," 
 is changed to 
 
 ; ' Then, as 'twas well observed, our torments may 
 
 Become our elements." 
 
 See an amusing chapter upon this subject in Disraeli's 
 Curiosities of Literature. We subjoin the following epi 
 gram on Bentley's editorial labours : 
 
 "ON MILTON'S EXECUTIONER. 
 
 Did MILTON'S PROSE, CHARLES! thy death defend? 
 A furious foe, unconscious proves a friend ; 
 On MILTON'S VERSE does BENTLEY comment ? know 
 A weak officious friend becomes a foe. 
 While he would seem his author's fame to further, 
 The MURTHEROUS CRITIC has avenged THY MURTHER." 
 But a warrior who had gained so many battles on hia 
 own element could well afford an occasional shipwreck, 
 when, like Pyrrho, he chose 
 
 " To sail upon a sea of speculation." 
 
 Whether the laudation be extravagant or not, he must 
 have great merits of whom the critic dares to say 
 
 " He stands undoubtedly the very first among all the philologi 
 cal critics of every age and nation, in ' shape and gesture proudly 
 pre-eminent.' No single individual ever contributed so much to 
 the actual stores of the learned world, or gave so strong an im 
 pulse to the study of the ancient classics." Cunningham's Biog. 
 
 With reference to Bentley's position as a scholar when 
 compared with the classical " giants of those days," it will 
 he interesting to quote the verdicts of a few others, them 
 selves more or less imbued with that love for the " wit and 
 genius of the heathen," which the great master of Trinity 
 acknowledged had " beguiled him." 
 
 Bishop Monk, his learned biographer, styles him "the 
 most celebrated scholar of modern times." 
 
 Mr. De Quincey makes an exception. 
 
 171 
 
BEN 
 
 BEN 
 
 " We should pronounce him the greatest of scholars were it not 1 unequal. He enforced the truths of revelation by the 
 
 teachings of nature, as expounded by her greatest inter 
 preter, the immortal Newton. A sermon of Bentley's 
 based upon a thesis of Newton's must have been an intel 
 lectual gratification not unworthy an angelic auditory. 
 But we fear that in simply "vindicating the ways of God 
 to man," but little would be done to reconcile the heart of 
 man to God. Accurate, precise, and exhaustive he could 
 
 that we remember Salmasius. Dr. Parr was in the habit of com 
 paring the Phalaris dissertation with that of Salmasius De Lingua 
 Hellenistica. For our own part, we have always compared it with 
 the same writer's Plinian Excercitationes. Both are among the 
 miracles of human talent, but with this difference, that the Sal- 
 masian work is crowded with errors; whilst that of Bentley, in its 
 final state, is absolutely without spot or blemish." Blackwood's 
 Mag., 1830; repub. in Philos. Writers. 
 
 Edward Everett, a ripe Hellenist, as his call to the Pro 
 fessorship of the Greek language and literature in Har 
 vard College, before he was of age, may indicate, whilst 
 allowing that " Richard Bentley is the greatest classical 
 scholar ever produced by England," proceeds to remark 
 that 
 
 " Whether his name could be safely placed above that of Eras 
 mus, Scaliger, and Hemsterhuys, not to mention any of the re 
 nowned scholars of the last generation, may be a question on 
 which the learned of England and other countries might differ. 
 But this we think may be safely said, that if Bentley, in all other 
 things the same, had passed his life in the quiet of a University 
 in Holland or Germany; if he had redeemed to those studies for 
 which he was born, the time and the talents which he wasted in 
 the petty squabbles of his college mastership, he would unques 
 tionably have made himself, beyond all rivalry, the most cele 
 brated scholar of modern times." North American Review, vol. 
 xliii. 458. 
 
 But what Mr. Everett is willing to admit Bentley might 
 have become under more favourable circumstances, Bishop 
 Monk insists he really was ; and not satisfied with the eu 
 logy we have just quoted, he carries what some will deem 
 extravagance to what many will pronounce absurdity, by 
 declaring that 
 
 " Notwithstanding his frequent abuse of his erudition, such is 
 the power of genius, and so great the preponderance of his solid 
 and unshaken merits, that Bentley has established a school of 
 criticism, of which the greatest scholars since his time have been 
 proud to consider themselves members; and, in spite of the envy 
 and opposition of his contemporaries, has attained a more exalted 
 reputation than has hitherto been the lot of any one, in the de 
 partment of ancient literature." 
 
 The biographer's episcopal brother, Bishop Lowth, ac 
 cords to Bentley no small praise in declaring him to have 
 been " the greatest critic and most able grammarian of the 
 last age," and Bishop Marsh, also, pronounces him to have 
 been "the most acute critic not only of this nation, but of 
 all Europe." 
 
 The acknowledgments of Heyne, who enjoyed the great 
 advantage of the use of Bentley's annotated Iliad, when 
 preparing his own edition, are freely expressed. The 
 following "praise" is "faint" to absurdity : 
 
 " Though a daring, and sometimes a speculative, emendator, he 
 was. perhaps, one of the first classical critics that has yet appeared 
 in this country." Lon. Monthly Review, vol. cxxii. 
 
 '' One of the first, and ' perhaps' only, not certainly even, one 
 of the first!" 
 
 This is indeed the "Nil admirari" to excess! What 
 "Daniel" have we here? 
 
 A writer in the Lon. Quarterly Review draws a com 
 parison between Bentley and Porson : 
 
 " Bentley's memory, according to his own expression, was ' none 
 of the best;' it was the unparalleled perfection of this faculty in 
 Porson on which his superiority relied. It gave him the complete 
 and instant command of all his stores of erudition; he could 
 bring to bear, at once, on any question, every passage from the 
 whole range of Greek literature which could elucidate it. [This is 
 hyperbole, even to nonsense; a university full of Bentleys and 
 Persons could not perform such a feat.] He could approximate, 
 on the instant, the slightest coincidence in thought or expression, 
 and the accuracy was quite as surprising as the extent of the re 
 collection. In another respect, no two characters could be more 
 opposite than Bentley and Porson : the former, in his immeasur 
 able self-confidence, bold, adventurous, decisive; the other, cool, 
 sure, and cautious. In his scholarship, (would that he had been 
 under as safe a guidance in all his habits !) Porson was singularly 
 prudent; hence, though Bentley is more splendidly and originally 
 right, Porson is more unerringly so; Bentley's judgments are 
 more numerous, and on a greater variety, but all are not of equal 
 authority. Person's are few, but none of them have ever been 
 reversed. Bentley's light was thrown about with greater profu 
 sion on many objects; Person's was centered on a few, but burned 
 more steadily on those. The same prudence kept Porson within 
 the province in which his strength lay, that of philological criti 
 cism; he never ventured on the more debateable ground of the 
 criticism of taste. In their style there was the same difference; 
 the careless copiousness and natural vigour of Bentley was in the 
 strongest contrast to the terseness and neatness of Person's most 
 finished writing ; and the fine irony of the latter, of which we 
 have some few examples, in the character of Gibbon for instance, 
 is the opposite extreme to the coarse vehemence and the broader 
 humour of Bentley's controversial tone." Vol. xlvi. 118. 
 
 As a preacher Bentley could not but occupy a high 
 place in point of depth, and the power of exciting that in 
 terest which follows the guidance of a great intellect in 
 the contemplation of the duties of time and the awful re 
 alities of eternity. For that style of exhortation which 
 awakens the affections, and secures the convictions of the 
 judgment by the impulses of the heart, the preacher was 
 172 
 
 not fail to be. 
 
 " Bentley is a model," says Bishop Home, " for polemic prea< fa- 
 ing, on account of the conciseness, perspicuity, and fairness wl.h 
 which objections are stated ; and the clear, full, and regular m-m- 
 ner in which they are answered." Essays and Thoughts. 
 
 " Religion was no less indebted to him than learning, for in 
 1691-92 he had the honour to be selected as the first person to 
 preach at Boyle's Lectures, (founded by that great and honourable 
 gentleman to assert and vindicate the great fundamentals of 
 natural and revealed religion.) upon which occasion he success 
 fully applied Sir Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica to demon 
 strate the Being of God, and altogether silenced the Atheists, who, 
 in this country, have since that time, for the most part, sheltered 
 themselves under Deism. In those sermons he laid the basis and 
 foundation upon which all the successors to that worthy office 
 have since built. Though this was a task of great extent, and no 
 small difficulty, yet Mr. Bentley [at this time only 30 years of age, 
 and in deacon's orders] acquitted himself with so much reputa 
 tion, that the trustees not only publicly thanked him for them, 
 but did, moreover, by especial command and desire, prevail upon 
 him to make the said discourses public, upon which he gave to the 
 world a volume, 1693, 4to, containing eight sermons, which have 
 not only undergone a number of editions, but have been trans 
 lated abroad into several languages." 
 
 " Incomparable, and well calculated to give a proper direction to 
 a young man's mind in religious inquiry, and to guard him against 
 infidelity." KETT. 
 
 We advise all of our readers to procure them; and, in 
 deed, the three volumes of Rev. Alexander Dyee's editions 
 of Bentley's works, Lon., 1836-38. We trust that this 
 edition will yet be completed. The 3 vols. already pub 
 lished contain : Vols.i. and ii., Dissertations upon the Epis 
 tles of Phalaris, Themistocles, Socrates, Euripides, and 
 upon the Fables of -53sop, and Epistola ad J. Millium. 
 Vol. iii., Theological Works, viz. : Eight Sermons preached 
 at Boyle's Lecture ; Four Letters from Sir Isaac Newton 
 to Dr. Bentley; Three Sermons on Various Subjects ; Visi 
 tation Charge; Remarks upon a late Discourse of Free- 
 Thinking; Proposals for printing a new edition of the 
 Greek Testament, and St. Hierom's Latin Version; Ora- 
 tiuncula. 
 
 "We are glad to see, at last, the works of the father of (and also 
 the best of) our critics, published collectively, and we are surprised 
 that it has not been done long ago. Every thing that Bentley 
 wrote is excellent in its kind. No man was ever so acute and ju 
 dicious in his criticism, so convincing and logical in his arguments, 
 with such extensive and profound learning, as the writer of the 
 Dissertations on the Epistles of Phalaris. We have carefully looked 
 through these volumes, and can safely say, that Mr. Dyce is a good 
 scholar, and a careful editor. Bentley could not have fallen into 
 better hands." London Literary Gazette. 
 
 The Life of Bentley by Dr. Monk, Bishop of Gloucester 
 and Bristol, must not be overlooked by the reader. It was 
 first pub. in 1830, 4to, pp. 668, Ap. 83, and since in 2 vols. 
 8vo. This work has been commended as a model for works 
 of the kind. An abridgment of it will be found in Hartley 
 Coleridge's Biographia Borealis. 
 
 " The life of Bentley, impartially and ably developed by Dr. Monk, 
 involving in great measure the literary annals of the first half of 
 last century, and the particular history of the University of Cam 
 bridge, was a desideratum which is now supplied in the most satis 
 factory manner; and a sterling work has been added to the stores 
 of British biography." London Literary Gazette. 
 
 To this invaluable work should be added The Corre 
 spondence of Dr. Bentley, edited by the Rev. Christopher 
 Wordsworth, D.D., Canon of Westminster, Lon., 2 vols. 
 8vo, 1842. The reader may form some idea of the treasures 
 contained in these volumes from the prospectus : 
 
 "This collection will consist of published and unpublished let 
 ters, arranged in chronological order, to and from Dr. Bentley. from 
 the British Museum, the Lambeth, the Bodleian, and Christ Church 
 Libraries; and from various books and several private sources; 
 and especially from the Library and Archives of Trinity College, 
 Cambridge, whence, among other materials, about a hundred in- 
 edited letters to Dr. Bentley from the Principal Continental Scholars 
 of the 18th century have been supplied, by the permission of the 
 Master and Scholars of the College, for this work." 
 
 It is proper to say that we owe the description of this 
 collection of correspondence to Bentley's admirable biogra 
 pher, Bishop Monk. His lordship transferred the duty to 
 the late Rev. J. Wordsworth, and the brother of the latter 
 took up the unfinished task as a fraternal legacy. Dr. 
 Wordsworth takes occasion to enlarge eloquently upon the 
 value of the Latin tongue as a medium of intercourse for 
 learned scholars. He takes Kuster severely to task foi 
 adding a broken English P.S. to a Latin letter. Dr. W. 
 opposes such barbarous innovations: 
 
 " When men of learning have ceased to possess a common Ian 
 
BEN 
 
 BER 
 
 guage, they will soon forget that they have a common country; 
 they will no longer regard each other as intellectual compatriots; 
 they will be Englishmen, Frenchmen, Dutchmen, but not scholars." 
 
 The classical scholar will find at the British Museum a 
 large collection of tracts written by and against Bentley. 
 
 In Mr. Richard Cumberland's Memoirs of his Own Life 
 will be found many interesting particulars concerning his 
 maternal grandfather, our illustrious critic. Mr. Cumber 
 land tells us that his mother, the great man's daughter, 
 expressed to him her regret that 
 
 <; He had bestowed so great a portion of his time and talents upon 
 criticism, instead of employing them upon original composition. 
 He acknowledged the justice of her regret with extreme sensibility, 
 and remained for a considerable time thoughtful, and seemingly 
 embarrassed by the nature of her remark ; at last, recollecting him 
 self, he said, ' Child, I am sensible I have not always turned my 
 talents to the proper use for which I should presume they were 
 given to me ; yet I have done something for the honour of my God, 
 and the edification of my fellow-creatures ; but the wit and genius 
 of those old heathens beguiled me ; and as I despaired of raising my- 
 saif up to their standard upon fair ground, I thought the only 
 chance I had of looking over their heads was to get upon their 
 shoulders.' " 
 
 Bentley, Richard, d. 1782, only son of the preced 
 ing, was a man of considerable literary talent. He was 
 educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, resided for many 
 years in the south of France, and for some time at Ted- 
 dington, near Twickenham, in consequence of his intimacy 
 with Horace Walpole. 
 
 " They carried on, for a long time, a sickly kind of friendship, 
 which had its hot fits and cold fits, was suspended and renewed, 
 but never totally broken." R. CUMBERLAND ; his nephew. 
 
 He was in great favour with Lord Bute, who gave him 
 a place under government. He was author of Patriotism, 
 a satirical poem attacking Wilkes and his friends, 1765. 
 (See Dilly's Repository, vol. iv.) Poetical Epistle to Lord 
 Melbourne, 1763. (St. James's Chronicle for April.) Phi- 
 lodamus, 1767. The Prophet, 1788. He was employed 
 in the trans, of Hentzer's Account of England. His Co 
 medy of the Wishes was performed in 1761. 
 
 ' The turn of his genius did not seem greatly adapted to dra 
 matic writing, by this specimen." Biog, Dramat. 
 
 Bentley, Richard, grandson of the celebrated Ri 
 chard Bentley, wrote Considerations on the State of Pub 
 lic Affairs at the beginning of 1796, Lon., 1796, 8vo; ditto, 
 1798, pub. 1798, 8vo. 
 
 Bentley, Thomas, nephew of the celebrated Richard 
 Bentley, was of Trinity College, Cambridge. He pub. in 
 1713 an edition of Horace, which was the text of his un 
 cle's edition, with reasons for rejecting the old, and sub 
 stituting the new, readings. In 1718 he printed an edit, 
 of Cicero de Finib. et Paradoxa; and in 1741 an edit, of 
 Callimachus, anon. : erroneously attributed by Davies to 
 his uncle. 
 
 Bentley, William, 1758-1819, a minister in Salem, 
 Massachusetts, was a native of Boston. He pub. some 
 Sermons, <fcc., 1790-1807, and a History of Salem, in the 
 6th vol. of Historical Collections. 
 
 Bently, Samuel. Poems, Lon., 1768-74, 8vo. 
 
 Bently, Thomas. Monvment of Matrones, contain- 
 taining seuen seuerall Lamps of Virginitie, or distinct 
 Treatises ; whereof the first flue concerne Praier and Me 
 ditation, the other two last, Precepts and Examples, as 
 the woorthie works, partlie of Men, partlie of Women; 
 printed by H. Denham, Lon., 1582, 3 vols. 4to. Another 
 edition sine anno. Each of these Lamps has a distinct 
 title-page. The first three Lamps form the 1st vol. ; the 1 
 fourth Lamp alone the 2d vol. ; and the remaining three 
 Lamps compose the 3d vol. The only perfect copy known 
 was sold (Inglis Catalogue, 156) for 15. 
 
 Bently, Thomas. Five Letters to them that seek 
 Peace with God, 1774, 8vo. Reason and Revelation; or, 
 a Brief Answer to Paine's Age of Reason, Lon., 1794, 8vo. 
 
 Bently, William. Hallifax and its Gibbet-Law placed 
 in a true Light, Ac., Lon., 1708. Written by Dr. Saml. 
 Midgley ; pub. after his death by Bennet, who affixed his 
 name to it as the author. 
 
 Bently, William, D.D. Sermons, 1735-38, 8vo. 
 
 Bcnton, Clark. Statement of Facts and Law, Ac 
 Troy, 1804, 8vo. 
 
 Benton, Thomas Hart, 1782-1858, an American 
 statesman, born at Hillsborough, N. Carolina, educated at 
 Chapel Hill College, and removed in early life to Ten 
 nessee. In 1815 he settled in St. Louis and devoted him 
 self to the practice of the law. He soon became a leading 
 politician, and for thirty years represented the State of 
 Missouri in the Senate of the U. States. 1. Thirty Years' 
 View; or, A History of the Working of the American Go 
 vernment for Thirty Years, from 1820 to 1850. Vol. i., N. 
 Y., 1854, 8vo ; vol. ii., N. Y., 1856, 8vo : 65,000 vols. of this 
 work were sold as soon as published. 
 
 " The literary execution of this work, the simplicity of its style, 
 and the unexceptionable taste which tempers all its author's allu 
 sions to his contemporaries, have been the subject of universal 
 admiration." W. C. BRYANT. 
 
 " Mr. Benton's opportunities as an actor and eye-witness give 
 him great advantages in this species of historical memoir, for 
 such it is, neither exactly history nor biography. In his preface 
 he quotes Macaulay, and justly claims the prestige of his expe 
 rience in public affairs for his work. If Gibbon and Fox and 
 Mackintosh wrote better for being Parliament men, Mr. Benton 
 can set forth as well for his story the quorum, magna pars fui" 
 Cfturchman. 
 
 2. Examination of the Dred Scott Case, N. York, 1857, 
 8vo. 3. An Abridgment of the Debates of Congress from 
 1789 to 1856; from Gales & Seaton's Annals of Con 
 gress; from their Register of Debates; and from the 
 Official Reported Debates by John C. Rives, N. Y., 15 vols. 
 8vo. 
 
 " In this work, even at the advanced age of seventy-six, his daily 
 labors were almost incredible: it was finally completed down to 
 the conclusion of the great compromise debate of 1850, upon his 
 very death-bed, where he dictated and revised the final portions in 
 whispers, after he had lost the ability to speak aloud." Appletan's 
 New Amer. Cyc. 
 
 " Col. Benton's eminent talent and reputation as a statesman, 
 his familiar acquaintance with our parliamentary history, and his 
 untiring industry, are a sufficient guarantee for the faithful execu 
 tion of this great undertaking." HON. EDWARD EVERETT. 
 
 Benvras, David, a Welsh poet of the 13th century, 
 wrote Encomium Leolini principis Joroverthi Filii, and 
 other poems : some of these are preserved in the Hengwrt 
 Library. 
 
 Benwell, John. Con. to Phil. Mag., 1817. 
 
 Berard, J. B. Con. to Nic. Jour., 1802, '10, '12. 
 
 Berard, Peter. Trans. The Uncle's Will, 1808, 8vo. 
 
 Berault, Peter. Theolog. works, Lon., 1680-1706. 
 ' Berdmore, Samuel. Sermons, 1710, '15, '16, '17. 
 
 Berdmore, Samuel, D.D. Specimens of Literary 
 Resemblance in the Works of Pope, Gray, and other cele 
 brated Writers, with Critical Observations, in a Series of 
 Letters, 1801, 8vo. 
 
 "This volume contains a formidable attack on Dr. Hurd's Marks 
 of Imitation, and we believe that most readers will deem it suc 
 cessful. ... In a strain of lively and ingenious raillery he has de 
 tected the sources of Dr. Hurd's explanation of Virgil's invocation 
 to Augustus, in the 3d Georgic, and he has shown that the disco 
 very of which that learned critic assumed the merit, was nothing 
 more than an obvious interpretation of the poet's words, which had 
 been previously given by different commentators." Lon. Monthly 
 Review. 
 
 Berdmore, Thomas. Treatise on the Teeth, Lon., 
 1768, 8vo. 
 
 Berdoc, Marmaduke, M.D. Med. works, Bath and 
 Lon., 1771-73, 8vo. 
 
 Bere, Thomas. Controversy between Mrs. Hannah 
 More and the Curate of Blagden, 3 pamphlets, 1801-6. 
 
 Berenger, Richard, d. 1782, aged 62, for many 
 years Gentleman of the Horse to George III., nephew of 
 Lord Cobham and Lady LytteJton, was a gentleman of 
 considerable literary talent. Dr. Johnson named him as 
 the standard of true elegance. He was the author of three 
 " excellent papers" in The World, Nos. 79, 156, and 202 ; 
 and some of his poems, "written with great ease and ele 
 gance," are in Dodsley's Collection. He pub., in 1771, 
 The History and Art of Horsemanship ; from the French 
 of Mons. Bourgelat, 1754, 4to ; Lon., 1771, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 " I dined the other day at Mrs. Boscawen's, very pleasantly, 
 for Berenger was there, and was all himself, all chivalry, blank 
 verse, and anecdote. He told us some curious stories of Pope, with 
 whom he used to spend the summer at his uncle's, Lord Cob- 
 ham." HANNAH MORE. 
 
 Berens, Edward. Theolog. works, Lon., 1822, etc. 
 
 Bereny. New Torch to the Latin Tongue, 1670, 8vo. 
 
 Beresford. Marriage with Miss Hamilton, 1782, 8vo. 
 
 Beresford, Benj. Trans, from the German of poeti 
 cal pieces, with the original Music, Ac., 1797, <fec. 
 
 Beresford, James, 1764-1840. Sermons, &c., Lon., 
 1809-15. The Miseries of Human Life; or, The Last 
 Groans of Timothy Testy and Samuel Sensitive j with a 
 few Supplementary Sighs from Mrs. Testy, <fcc., Lon.. 
 1806-07, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "A second volume of Miseries! Can flesh and blood bear it? 
 Yes! gentle reader, indeed, you must, and be wonderfully de 
 lighted to find that, by a little cookery and contrivance, a man 
 may be brought to laugh at himself for presuming to be ruffled 
 by the little cross accidents of life." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 This is one of the few books of facetiae which have sur 
 vived their half-century. The Groans of Timothy Testy and 
 Samuel Sensitive still excite the mirth of the evening cir 
 cle, and add if not to the " harmless gayety of nations," 
 at least to the hilarity of the drawing-room. Besides a 
 number of other productions, in addition to the above cited, 
 Mr. Beresford was author of Bibliosophia, or Book- Wisdom. 
 1812, 8vo. 
 
 173 
 
BER 
 
 BER 
 
 Beresford, Rt. Hon. John. Speech on his moving 
 the 6th Article of the Union, in H. Commons in Ireland, 
 1800, 8vo. 
 
 Beresford, John George, Lord Abp. of Armagh. 
 Sermon on Charity Schools. 
 
 Berg, Joseph Frederick, D.D., a voluminous con 
 troversial writer, b. 1812, at Grace Hill, island of Antigua, 
 where his parents were missionaries in the service of the 
 Moravian Church, came to the United States in 1825 and 
 was ordained by the Synod of the German Reformed 
 Church, 1835 j Pastor of German Ref. Ch., Phila., 1837- 
 52. 1. Lectures on Romanism, 1840, 12mo; several eds. 
 2. Synopsis of the Theology of Peter Dens; trans, from the 
 Latin, with copious Notes, 1840, 12mo ; 5 eds. have been 
 published. 3. Papal Rome, 1841. 4. Series of Pamphlets 
 pub. anon., entitled A Voice from Rome j Rome's Policy 
 towards the Bible; The Pope and the Presbyterians, 1844: 
 many thousands sold. 5. History of the Holy Robe of 
 Treves. 6. Oral Controversy with a Catholic Priest, 1843. 
 
 7. Old Paths ; or, A Sketch of the Order and Discipline of 
 the Reformed Church before the Reformation, 1845, 12mo. 
 
 8. Plea for the Divine Law against Murder, 1846. 9. 
 Mysteries of the Inquisition and other Secret Societies; 
 from the French, Phila., 1846, 8vo. 10. Reply to Arch 
 bishop Hughes on the Doctrines of Protestantism, ] 850 ; 
 more than 150,000 copies of this pamphlet have been cir 
 culated. 11. Expose of the Jesuits. 12. The Inquisition. 
 
 13. Church and State, or Romish Influence ; a prize essay 
 for which $100 was awarded by the Amer. Protestant Ass. 
 
 14. Farewell Words to the German Ref. Ch., and a Vindi 
 cation of the same, in reply to Dr. J. W. Nevin, 1852. 
 
 15. Prophecy and the Times, 1856, 12mo. 16. The Stone 
 and the Image, 1856, 12mo ; several edits. 17. Demons 
 and Guardian Angels ; being a refutation of Spiritualism, 
 12mo. 18. The Olive-Branch: a Conservative View of 
 Slavery, 1857. Many other works and pamphlets. 
 
 Berger, J. F., M.D., Con. to Trans. Geol. Soc., 1806, 
 '11, '14 ; and to Nic. Jour., 1807. 
 
 Bergius, John. A Treatise of Pacification between 
 the Dissenting Churches of Christ, Lon., 1655, 8vo. 
 
 Beridge, John. Sermon, 1662, 4to. 
 
 Berington, Joseph. Miscellaneous Dissertations, 
 Historical, Critical, and Moral, on the Origin and Anti 
 quity of Masquerades, Plays, &c., 1751, 8vo. 
 
 Berington, Joseph, d. 1827, aged 84, an estimable 
 clergyman of the Roman Catholic Church, and educated 
 at the College of St. Omer, was a native of Shropshire. 
 He was an object of public interest, not only from his lite 
 rary publications, but as an advocate for some reforms in 
 the communion to which he was attached. His first work 
 was A Letter on Materialism, and Hartley's Theory of 
 the Human Mind, 1776, 8vo, (anon.,) followed in 1779 by 
 Immaterialism Delineated. 
 
 " The Letters [of 1776] now before us are written with the best 
 intention: they have very considerable merit; and will serve, we 
 hope, as an antidote against the prevalence of a theory which de 
 grades man to a mere machine, and which, if pursued, must ter 
 minate in absolute Spinozism." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Letter to Dr. Fordyce, in answer to his Sermon on the 
 delusive and persecuting spirit of Popery, 1779, 8vo. The 
 State and Behaviour of English Catholics, from the Refor 
 mation till 1780, with a view of their present Wealth, Num 
 ber, and Character, Ac., 1780, 8vo. Address to the Pro 
 testant Dissenters, who have lately petitioned for a repeal 
 of the Corporation and Test Acts, Lon., 1786, 8vo. His 
 tory of the Lives of Abelard and Heloisa, comprising a 
 period of 84 years, from 1079 to 1163 ; with their genuine 
 letters, from the Collection of Amboise, Lon., 1784, 4to. 
 
 " A valuable and accurate work, composed from authentic ma 
 terials." LOWNDES. 
 
 Reflections, with an Exposition of Roman Catholic 
 Principles in reference to God and the Country, Lon., 
 1787, 8vo. Account of the Present State of Roman Catho 
 lics in Great Britain, Lon., 1787, 8vo. On the Depravity 
 of the Nation, with a view to the promotion of Sunday- 
 schools, Lon., 1788, 8vo. The Rights of Dissenters from 
 the Established Church, in relation chiefly to Roman 
 Catholics, Lon., 1789, 8vo. Communications to the Gen 
 tleman's Magazine, 1787, Ac. These were controversial, 
 and in opposition to the views of Bishop Milner. The 
 bishop pays Mr. B.'s style a high compliment : 
 
 " Mr. J. Berington possesses an enlivening pen, which will not 
 suffer any subject that it touches to languish, or grow insipid 
 Amongst all the periods that have been objected to in his nume 
 rous compositions, no one ever objected to a dull period." See 
 Lon. Gent. Mag., 1828, PI. 1. 
 
 History of the Reign of Henry II., and of Richard and 
 John his sons, with the events of this period from 1154 to 
 
 1210, in which the character of Thomas a Becket is vindi 
 cated from the attacks of George, Lord Lyttleton, Birm., 
 1790, 4to. 
 
 "This work is distinguished by industry of investigation, vigour 
 of conception, vivacity and energy of expression, and, on the fun 
 damental questions of civil polity, liberality of sentiment. We 
 know few writers more capable of exhibiting facts with lively 
 colouring, or of giving animation to his narrative by a free use 
 of the dramatic style. The structure of his periods is agreeably 
 varied, and his diction is elegant." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Memoirs of George Panzani, giving an account of his 
 agency in England in the years 1634-35 and '36 ; trans 
 lated from the Italian original, and now first published, 
 etc., Lon., 1793, 8vo. This publication gave offence to 
 many members of Mr. B.'s Church, and the Rev. Ch.-irlea 
 Plowden, a R. Catholic clergyman, pub. Remarks on Ber- 
 ington's work in 1784, in which Mr. P. questioned the au 
 thenticity of Panzani's Memoirs. The Faith of Catholics 
 confirmed by Scripture, and attested by the Fathers of the 
 first five Centuries of the Church, Lon., 1813, 8vo. (In 
 conjunction with Dr. Kirk.) Mr. Berington thus proved 
 his loyalty to his Church, though bold enough to condemn 
 what he esteemed the erroneous views of some of her mem 
 bers. An attempt to deceive the Italian populace by pre 
 tended miracles, under the French Invasion, was rebuked 
 by our author in his Examination of Events termed Mi 
 raculous, as reported in Letters from Italy, Lon., 1796, 
 8vo. The work by which Mr. Berington is best known is 
 his Literary History of the Middle Ages ; comprehending 
 an Account of the State of Learning from the Close of the 
 Reign of Augustus to its Revival in the Fifteenth Century. 
 With two Appendices, 1814, 4to. A new edit, of this work, 
 with an index, was pub. by D. Bogue, Lon., 1846, 12mo. 
 
 "This book has merit. It is a pleasant succession of notices on 
 the chief writers of the Continent, from the fall of the Roman em 
 pire downwards. It is written in a clear, popular manner, and it 
 is everywhere pervaded by a candid spirit." London AtherHEum. 
 
 " We cannot characterize the work before us as very profound, 
 either in research or in reflections." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 Berington, Simon. Dissertations on the Mosaical 
 Account of the Creation, Deluge, Building of Babel, Con 
 fusion of Tongues, Ac., Lon., 1750, 8vo. 
 
 " The production of a Roman Catholic writer, displaying con 
 siderable research, though held in little estimation." LOWNDES. 
 
 " In these dissertations, the author combats Infidels and Hutch- 
 insonians, La Pluche and Woodward, and Sir Isaac Newton, and 
 many authors. He discovers a good deal of reading, and a great 
 respect for revelation ; but advances many things that are absurd 
 in philosophy and weak in religion." Orme's Mb. Bibl. 
 
 Berjeu, John. Assize Sermon, 1775, 4to. 
 
 Berkeley, Edward. Mt. Vesuvius; Phil. Trans. 
 1707. 
 
 Berkeley, George, D. D., 1684-1753, Bishop of 
 Cloyne, in Ireland, was one of the most eminent prelates 
 and distinguished philosophers since the Reformation. 
 He was a native of Kilcrin, in the county of Kilkenny, 
 and descended from an English family zealously attached 
 to the cause of Charles I. He was admitted of Trinity 
 College, Dublin, at the age of 15, and became a Fellow in 
 1707. In this year appeared his first publication, Arith- 
 metica absque Algebra aut Euclide demonstrata. This 
 book was written before he was twenty. 
 
 " This little piece is so far curious, as it shews his early and 
 strong passion for the mathematics, his admiration of those great 
 names in philosophy, Locke and Newton, some of whose positions 
 he afterwards ventured to call in question, and the commencement 
 of his application to those more subtle metaphysical studies to 
 which his genius was particularly adapted." 
 
 In 1709 he established his reputation as a philosopher 
 by An Essay towards a New Theory of Vision, Dub., 8vo. 
 
 " The first attempt that ever was made to distinguish the im 
 mediate and natural objects of sight, from the conclusions we have 
 been accustomed from infancy to draw from them ; a distinction 
 from which the nature of vision hath received great light, and by 
 which many phamomena in optics, before looked upon as unac 
 countable, have been clearly and distinctly resolved." Dr. Reid's 
 Inquiry into the Mind. 
 
 It will be observed that this treatise was given to the 
 world when the philosopher was but 25 years of age. In 
 1733 he pub. A Vindication of this Theory. Refer to 
 Bailey's Review of Berkeley's Theory of Vision, Lon., 
 1842. In the next year, 1710, he pub. his celebrated 
 work, The Principles of Human Knowledge, Dublin, 8vo, 
 and in 1713, Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philo- 
 lonous, Ac. 
 
 " The object of both pieces is to prove that the commonly re 
 ceived notion of the existence of matter is false; that sensible 
 material objects, as they are called, are not external to the mind, 
 but exist in it, and are nothing more than impressions made upon 
 it by the immediate act of God, according to certain rules termed 
 laws of nature, from which, in the ordinary course of his govern 
 ment, he never deviates; and that the steady adherence of the 
 Supreme Spirit to these rules is what constitutes the reality of 
 things to his creatures." 
 
BER 
 
 BER 
 
 It will not be expected that we should enter here into 
 an extended examination of this theory. An isolated ex 
 ample, set up as a target for ridicule which all can appre 
 ciate and enjoy, is an easy mode of refutation, but not 
 very philosophical. Lord Byron says 
 
 " When Bishop Berkeley proved there was no matter, 
 He proved it was no matter what he said." 
 
 Boswell tells us that his " guide, philosopher, and friend," 
 referred to this theory on several occasions : 
 
 " After we came out of church, we stood talking for some time 
 together of Bishop Berkeley's ingenious sophistry to prove the non- 
 existence of matter, and that every thing in the universe is simply 
 ideal. I observed, that though we were satisfied his doctrine is 
 not true, it is impossible to refute it. I never shall forget the 
 alacrity with which Johnson answered, striking his fist with 
 mighty force against a large stone, till he rebounded from it, ' I 
 refute it thus.' This was a stout exemplification of theirs* truths 
 of P&re Bouffier, or the original principles of Reid and of Beattie ; 
 without admitting which we can no more argue in metaphysics, 
 than we can argue in mathematics without axioms. To me it is 
 not conceivable how Berkeley can be answered by pure reasoning ; 
 but I know that the nice and difficult task was to have been un 
 dertaken by one of the most luminous minds of the present age, 
 [Edmund Burke,] had not politics ' turned him from calm philoso 
 phy aside.' What an admirable display of subtlety, united with 
 brilliance, might his contending with Berkeley have afforded us." 
 
 Again : 
 
 " Being in company with a gentleman who thought fit to main 
 tain Dr. Berkeley's ingenious philosophy, that nothing exists but 
 as perceived by some mind ; when the gentleman was going away, 
 Johnson said to him, ' Pray, sir, don't leave us ; for we may per 
 haps forget to think of you, and then you will cease to exist.' " 
 
 On another occasion, the Doctor remarked : 
 
 " Berkeley was a profound scholar, as well as a man of fine im 
 agination." 
 
 Undoubtedly the latter, if his theory was nothing but a 
 creature of his imagination. 
 
 Dr. Beattie remarks that 
 
 " If Berkeley's argument be conclusive, it proves that to be false 
 which every man must necessarily believe, every moment of his 
 life, to be true, and that to be true which no man since the foun 
 dation of the world was ever capable of believing for a single mo 
 ment." 
 
 This is putting the case strongly. Berkeley was as well 
 aware of the existence of stones and tables as Dr. Johnson 
 was. Although he considered his treatises to be contribu 
 tions to the cause of revealed truth, some have construed 
 them very differently. 
 
 " These works form the best lessons of skepticism which are to 
 be found among the ancient or modern philosophers, Bayle not 
 excepted." DAVID HUME. 
 
 Even if this were true, the evidence of Revelation does 
 not stand or fall with the hypothesis of any philosopher. 
 Dr. Beattie also objects to the skeptical tendency of Berke 
 ley's theory. His argument in favour of non-existence 
 has been reduced to this syllogism : 
 Whatever is immediately perceived by sense is an idea. 
 Sensible things are things immediately perceived by sense. 
 Therefore sensible things are ideas, and consequently exist 
 only in the mind. 
 
 This syllogism has not, the reader will perceive, the im 
 pregnability of a mental Gibraltar. The philosopher was 
 not afraid to submit his proposition to the scrutiny of the 
 metaphysicians and savants of the day. Mr. Whiston 
 tells us, 
 
 "He published this metaphysic notion, that matter was not a 
 real thing; nay, that the common opinion of its reality was ground 
 less, if not ridiculous. He was pleased to send Dr. Clarke and 
 myself, each of us, a book. After we had both perused it, I went 
 to Dr. Clarke, and discoursed with him about it to this effect that 
 I, being not a metaphysician, was not able to answer Mr. Berkeley's 
 subtile premises, though I did not at all believe his absurd conclu- 
 C?V.i tn ? refore Desired that he, who was deep in such subtilities, 
 but did not appear to believe Mr. Berkeley's conclusions, would an 
 swer him : which task he declined."-^ of Dr. Clarke 
 
 Addison, many years after this, brought Berkeley and 
 Clarke together, to give them an opportunity of arguing 
 the matter out. The result may be anticipated. Berkeley 
 
 declared himself not well satisfied with the conduct oif 
 his antagonist on the occasion ; who, though he could not 
 answer, had not candour enough to own himself convinced " 
 and doubtless Clarke thought as hard of the non-material 
 ist for not acknowledging himself completely beaten out 
 of his absurd hypothesis. We are here reminded of a still 
 more lively dispute which our philosopher had with the 
 celebrated Father Malebranche. Berkeley travelled as tutor 
 with the son of the Bishop of Clogher. Resident for some 
 
 me in Paris, the good tutor, we may presume, was tho 
 roughly disgusted with the frivolity and absence of specu- 
 disposition exhibited by the thoughtless Parisians, 
 *ho persisted m believing their eyes, and asserting the 
 
 fhev h ? XM lT e f th cham P a g e d cogniac which 
 they obstinately enjoyed, whilst Berkeley held himself 
 ready to prove that there was no such thing as wineTnd 
 brandy m the world. At last the good mil, eager f or a 
 
 hearty round at metaphysical discussion, bethought him 
 self of visiting the famous author of the Search after 
 Truth, which Truth was exactly what Berkeley was pre 
 pared to give him. We are told that 
 
 " He found this ingenious father in his cell, cooking in a small 
 pipkin a medicine for a disorder with which he was then troubled, 
 inflammation of the lungs. The conversation naturally turned 
 on our author's system, of which the other had received some 
 knowledge from a translation just published. But the issue of 
 this debate proved tragical to poor Malebranche. In the heat of 
 disputation he raised his voice so high, and gave way so freely to 
 the natural impetuosity of a man of parts and a Frenchman, that 
 he brought on himself a violent increase of his disorder, which, 
 carried him off a few days after." 
 
 Mr. De Quincey, in his paper On Murder Considered as 
 One of The Fine Arts, gives the following amusing version 
 of this celebrated controversy : 
 
 " Malebranche, it will give you pleasure to hear, was murdered. 
 The man who murdered him is well known : it was Bishop Berke 
 ley. The story is familiar, though hitherto not put in a proper 
 light. Berkeley when a young man went to Paris, and called on 
 Pere Malebranche. He found him in his cell cooking. Cooks have 
 ever been a genus irritabile ; authors still more so : Malebranche 
 was both : a dispute arose ; the old father, warm already, became 
 warmer; culinary and metaphysical irritation united to derange 
 his liver : he took to his bed, and died. Such is the common ver 
 sion of the story : ' So the whole ear of Denmark is abused.' The 
 fact is, that the matter was hushed up, out of consideration for 
 Berkeley, who (as Pope remarked) had ' every virtue under heaven :' 
 else it was well known that Berkeley, feeling himself nettled by 
 the waspishness of the old Frenchman, squared at him ; a turn-up 
 was the consequence: Malebranche was floored in the first round; 
 the conceit was wholly taken out of him ; and he would perhaps 
 have given in ; but Berkeley's blood was now up, and he insisted 
 on the old Frenchman's retracting his doctrine of Occasional 
 Causes. The vanity of the man was too great for this, and he fell 
 a sacrifice to the impetuosity of Irish youth, combined with his 
 own absurd obstinacy." 
 
 In 1712 he pub. Three Sermons in favour of Passive 
 Obedience and Non-resistance, on Rom. xiii. 2, 8vo, 3 edi 
 tions. This doctrine did not recommend him to the new 
 House of Hanover on the death of Queen Anne. In 1713 
 he visited London, where he became acquainted with Swift, 
 Arbuthnot, Pope, Addison, and Steele. Steele had just 
 commenced The Guardian, and secured Berkeley's contri 
 butions on the easy terms of one guinea and a dinner each. 
 His papers are in defence of Christianity against Collins 
 and some other thick-headed gentlemen of the day. In 
 November,1713,he accompanied the Earl of Peterborough's 
 embassy to Sicily in the quality of chaplain and secretary. 
 Whilst absent he became senior Fellow of his college, and 
 in 1717 was created D.D. by diploma. He returned to 
 England in 1714, and was attacked by a fever, for which 
 Arbuthnot prescribed : 
 
 " Poor philosopher Berkeley has now the idea of health, which 
 was very hard to produce in him; for he had an idea of a strange 
 fever on him so strong, that it was very hard to destroy it by pro 
 ducing a contrary one." Arbuthnot to Swift. 
 
 Despairing of preferment under the new government, 
 he accepted an offer to travel on the continent with Mr. 
 Ashe, son of the Bishop of Clogher. They were absent 
 for four years, and returned to London in 1721, in which 
 year he pub. An Essay towards preventing the Ruin of 
 the Nation, in reference to the wild speculations engen 
 dered by the South Sea Scheme. In 1718 Mrs. Vanhom- 
 righ (Swift's Vanessa) left Berkeley, as one of her execu 
 tors, the sum of 4000, and to the other, Judge Marshall, 
 the same amount; no doubt to the great disgust of Dean 
 Swift. In 1724 Berkeley was promoted to the Deanery of 
 Deny, with 1100 per annum, and resigned his Fellow 
 ship. In 1725 he pub. A Proposal for Converting the 
 savage Americans to Christianity. To effect this purpose 
 he was anxious to establish a college in the Bermudas 
 and exerted himself with so much diligence, that for this 
 object he procured a parliamentary grant of 10,000 and 
 several large private subscriptions. The queen offered 
 him an early Bishopric if he would remain in England 
 but Berkeley declared that he should prefer the headship 
 of St. Paul's College at Bermudas to the primacy of all 
 England. A charter was granted for the erection of a col 
 lege, to consist of a president and nine fellows, who were 
 under the obligation to maintain and educate Indian 
 scholars, at the rate of 10 per annum for each. Three 
 junior fellows of Trinity College agreed to accompany 
 him, and to relinquish their hopes of preferment at home, 
 for 40 per annum, and the opportunity of extensive mis 
 sionary usefulness. Berkeley, now in the tide of apparent 
 success, gave vent to his feelings in the following ode: 
 " The muse, disgusted at an age and clime 
 
 Barren of every glorious theme, 
 In distant lands now waits a better time, 
 
 Producing subjects worthy fame. 
 
 175 
 
BER 
 
 BER 
 
 In happy climes, where from the genial sun 
 
 And virgin earth such scenes ensue, 
 The force of art by nature seems outdone, 
 
 And fancied beauties by the true, 
 In happy climes, the seat of innocence, 
 
 Where nature guides, and virtue rules, 
 Where men shall not impose for truth and sense 
 
 The pedantry of courts and schools, 
 There shall be sung another folden age, 
 
 The rise of empire and of arts, 
 The good and great inspiring epic rage, 
 The wisest heads and noblest hearts, 
 Not such as Europe breeds in her decay, 
 
 Such as she bred when fresh and young, 
 When heavenly flame did animate her clay, 
 
 By future poets shall be sung. 
 Westward the course of empire takes its way ; 
 
 The four first acts already past, 
 A fifth shall close the drama with the day: 
 
 Time's noblest offspring is the last." 
 
 In 1728 he married Anne, the eldest daughter of Mr. 
 Forster, speaker of the Irish House of Commons, and im 
 mediately after the ceremony he embarked for the western 
 continent. 
 
 Of the dean's arrival in Newport, Rhode Island, we 
 have an account in the New England Journal, which pub 
 lishes a letter from a person from Newport : 
 
 " Yesterday arrived here Dean Berkeley, of Londonderry, in a 
 pretty large ship. He is a gentleman of middle stature, of an 
 agreeable, pleasant, and erect aspect. He was ushered into the 
 town with a great number of gentlemen, to whom he behaved 
 himself after a very complaisant manner. 'Tis said he proposes 
 to tarry, with his family, about three months." 
 
 In Peterson's History of Rhode Island we are told that 
 the pilot brought to Newport a letter from Berkeley to the 
 clergyman, Mr. Honyman, and a statement that a great 
 dignitary of the Church of England, called a Dean, was ! 
 on board the vessel, and that the letter was handed to Mr. 
 Honyman, who was in the pulpit. He read it to the 
 audience, and as it appeared that the dean might land 
 at any moment, the congregation was dismissed forthwith, 
 and all, clergyman, vestrymen, wardens, male and female, 
 hurried down to the wharf to receive the great man with 
 their benedictions and welcome. At Rhode Island Berke 
 ley resided for nearly two years, preaching every Sunday 
 at Newport when there, and diligently performing pastoral 
 duty among the people. He waited in vain for a remit 
 tance of the promised funds to establish his college in 
 what might be deemed a suitable location, but no money 
 came. At last Bishop Gibson, at that time Bishop of 
 London, (in whose diocese all the West Indies are in 
 cluded,) called upon Sir Robert Walpole, and begged to 
 know whether the money would be forthcoming or not. 
 " If you put this question to me as a minister," replied 
 Sir Robert, " I must and can assure you, that the money 
 shall most undoubtedly be paid as soon as suits with pub 
 lic convenience ; but if you ask me as a friend whether 
 Dean Berkeley should continue in America, expecting the 
 payment of 10,000, I advise him by all means to return 
 home to Europe, and to give up his present expectations." 
 The advice of the miserable time-server, the Great Cor- 
 rupter, was taken, and the good dean returned home. 
 On the great day of account we would not bear Walpole's 
 responsibility for worlds ! To Yale College Berkeley pre 
 sented 880 volumes ; to Harvard Library valuable dona 
 tions of Greek and Latin Classics, and his Whitehall es 
 tate of 100 acres to Yale and Harvard Colleges, for three 
 scholarships in Latin and Greek. This endowment has 
 become very valuable. The sojourner at the beautiful 
 town of Newport will find inscribed on the organ in the 
 venerable " Trinity Church" the inscription, " The gift of 
 Bishop Berkeley." 
 
 In 1732 our author pub. A Sermon on John xviii. 3, and 
 Alciphron, or the Minute Philosopher, Lon., 8vo. This 
 work, which is a defence of religion against the systems 
 of the atheist, fatalist, and skeptic, in the form of a dia 
 logue, on the model of Plato, was written in hours of lei 
 sure, whilst at Newport. Dr. Sherlock, afterwards Bishop 
 of London, carried the work to Queen Caroline, whose ad 
 miration of the author was still further increased, and she 
 procured for him the Bishopric of Cloyne, to which he was 
 consecrated in May, 1734. The Earl of Chesterfield offered 
 him the see of Clogher, which was double the value of 
 that of Cloyne, and fines to the amount of 10,000 were 
 then due ; but the bishop declined the proffer, remarking 
 to Mrs. Berkeley, 
 
 " I desire to add one more to the list of churchmen who are 
 evidently dead to ambition and avarice." 
 
 He had not been long stationed at Cloyne before he 
 pub. The Analyst, or a Discourse addressed to an Infidel 
 176 
 
 Mathematician, Lon., 1735, 8vo. This was addressed to 
 Dr. Halley, with a view of 
 
 " Showing that Mysteries in Faith were unjustly objected to by 
 mathematicians, who admitted much greater mysteries, and even 
 falsehoods, in science, of which he endeavoured to prove that the 
 doctrine of fluxions furnished an eminent example." gee Cun 
 ningham's Biog. Diet. ; Biog. Brit. 
 
 The principal answer to the Analyst was supposed to 
 have been the production of Dr. Jurin; it was entitled 
 Philalethes Cantabrigiensis ; the bishop answered this by 
 A Defence of Free-thinking in Mathematics, 1735 ; and 
 Philalethes responded in the Minute Mathematician. In 
 1735, also, appeared Berkeley's Querist, intended to stimu 
 late the Irish to develop the resources of their own coun 
 try. His Discourse addressed to Magistrates, occasioned 
 by the enormous license and irreligion of the times, ap 
 peared in 1736; Maxims Concerning Patriotism in 1750, 
 and Measure of Civil Submission in 1784, (posthumous.) 
 We class these tracts together, as they are of the same 
 character. Having been benefited by the use of tar-water 
 during an attack of nervous colic, his active philanthropy 
 induced him to give to the world in 1774, Siris, a Chain 
 of Philosophical Reflections and Inquiries respecting the 
 virtues of Tar- Water in the Plague, 8vo ; enlarged and 
 improved, 1747, 8vo. In French, Amst., 1745, 12mo. Far 
 ther Thoughts on Tar- Water, 1752, 8vo. Many publica 
 tions on both sides of the question followed the bishop's 
 work. We shall refer to it again before we close this 
 article. The good man's health was now very infirm, and 
 he longed as we all promise ourselves to do to spend 
 some time in retirement from the world before he should 
 "go hence to be no more seen." With this object, he 
 begged leave to resign his bishopric, or exchange it for a 
 canonry at Oxford. The king however declared that Dr. 
 Berkeley should " die a bishop in spite of himself," but he 
 had full permission to reside wherever he might think 
 proper. He accordingly removed to Oxford, letting the 
 lands of his demesne at a rental of 200, which he di 
 rected to be applied to the relief of the poor during his 
 absence. He was to return no more ; he " had finished 
 his course;" and only a few months after his arrival at 
 Oxford, one Sunday evening, whilst engaged in devout 
 discourse with his family on the lesson in the Burial Ser 
 vice, he was added to the many confirmations of the solemn 
 declaration, " In the midst of life, we are in death ;" and 
 without a moment's warning was ushered into the awful 
 presence of the "Judge of all the earth." In 1776 was 
 pub. An Account of his Life, with Notes, containing Stric 
 tures upon his Works, 8vo. In 1784, his Whole Works, 
 with an Account of his life, and several of his Letters to 
 Thomas Prior, Esq., Dean Gervias, and Mr. Pope, &c., by 
 T. Prior, Esq., 2 vols. 4to. There have been two recent 
 edits, of his Works, one in 3 vols. 8vo, and another by 
 Rev. G. N. Wright, in 2 vols. 8vo, pub. in 1843. Mr. W. 
 gives a trans, of the Latin Essays, [Arithmetica, Miscel 
 lanea, Mathematica, and De Motu,] and notes on the In 
 troduction to Human Knowledge. 
 
 The reader will find in Phil. Trans., 1746, a paper of the 
 bishop's, On the Petrifaction of Lough Neagh in Ireland. 
 
 The character of this exemplary divine requires no 
 eulogy at our hands ; his contemporaries so well appreci 
 ated his virtues whilst living, that extracts from their 
 commendation sound like transcripts from the monu 
 mental marble. 
 
 " So much understanding," says Bishop Atterbury, " so much 
 innocence, and such humility, I did not think had been the por 
 tion of any but angels, till I saw this gentleman." 
 
 "I went to court to-day," writes Swift to Stella, "on purpose 
 to present Mr. Berkeley, one of your Fellows of Dublin College, to 
 Lord Berkeley of Stratton. That Mr. Berkeley is a very ingenious 
 man, and a great philosopher ; and I have mentioned him to all 
 the ministers, and have given them some of his writings, and I 
 will favour him as much as I can. This I think I am bound to, 
 in honour and conscience, to use all my little credit towards help 
 ing forward men of worth in the world." April 12, 1713. 
 
 A long and interesting letter of Swift's to Lord Carteret 
 respecting Berkeley's Bermudas project, will be found in 
 Spence's Anecdotes, p. 252. 
 
 Lord Bathurst told Dr. Warton, 
 
 " That all the members of the Scriblerus Club being met at his 
 house at dinner, they agreed to rally Berkeley, who was also his 
 guest, on his scheme at Bermudas. Berkeley, having listened to 
 all the lively things they had to say, begged to be heard in his 
 turn ; and displayed his plan with such an astonishing and anh 
 mated force of eloquence and enthusiasm, that they were struck 
 dumb, and after some pause rose up all together with earnestness 
 exclaiming, ' Let us all set out with him immediately.' " 
 
 " This plan, as well as the author of it, was pronounced to be 
 whimsical by the downright and sarcastic Doctor Douglass, in his 
 Historical and Political Summary; and he treats this excellent 
 man with some degree of severity, and principally, I apprehend, 
 because the bishop, in his Treatise on Tar- Water, had ventured 
 
BER 
 
 without license to enter the precincts of the learned doctor's pro 
 fession." CHANCELLOR KENT. 
 
 His influence with Pope, who ascribed "To Berkeley 
 every virtue under heaven," was so great that the eulo 
 gist tells us, " In the Moral Poem, I had written an ad 
 dress to our Saviour, imitated from Lucretius's compli 
 ment to Epicurus : but omitted it, by the advice of Dean 
 
 . 
 
 Dean Berkeley used to apply Horace's description of the Fortu 
 nate Island [Epod. xvi. 41 to 63] to Bermudas, and his scheme of 
 goin<* thither; and was so fond of this Epode on that account, that 
 he got Mr. Pope to translate it into English, and I have seen the 
 translation."/?. A. in Spencers Anecdotes. 
 
 The influence of Berkeley's writings in defence of Reve 
 lation was most happy : 
 
 " Alciphron, or the Minute Philosopher, written with an inten 
 tion to expose the weakness of infidelity and skepticism, is per 
 haps the most ingenious and excellent performance of the kind in 
 the English tongue." Boswdl on Study. 
 
 This, like all hyperbolical praise, is in bad taste. It is 
 folly to say that any one composition on any subject is th 
 " most ingenious and excellent in the language ;" one may 
 as well specify, as some thoughtless people do, the hand 
 somest woman, or the most polite man, or the most erudite 
 scholar ; such expressions of opinion are insulting to those 
 present, and of but little value to the absent ; for persons 
 whose good opinions are to be coveted avoid such shocking 
 absurdities. 
 
 It has been well said, 
 
 " In whatever estimation the philosophical opinions of Bishop 
 Berkeley may he held by the metaphysicians of the present day, 
 it will be admitted by all who are conversant with his writings, 
 that he was a profound scholar, eminently skilled in logic and 
 physiology, and deeply read in tho ancient systems of these 
 sciences. He has a higher claim than this to the veneration of pos 
 terity. He was a singularly good man, in whom a warm benevo 
 lence to his fellow-creatures, and a zealous piety to God, were not 
 merely the enthusiasms of his heart, but the presiding rule of 
 his life." 
 
 Dr. Drake is equally enthusiastic in his admiration of 
 the good bishop : 
 
 " It may be said of Berkeley, without exaggeration, that in point 
 of virtue and benevolence, no one of the sons of men has exceeded 
 him. Whether we consider his public or his private lite, we pause 
 in admiration of efforts uncommonly exalted, disinterested, and 
 pure. He was alike an object of enthusiastic love and admiration 
 to extensive societies and to familiar friends. . . . His knowledge 
 was of great compass, and extended to all the useful arts and oc 
 cupations of life, of which it has been said, that there is scarcely 
 one, liberal or mechanic, of which he knew not more than the 
 ordinary practitioner." Essays, vol. iii. ; and see Blackwood's Me 
 moirs of the Court of Augustus, vol. ii. 
 
 Even when engaged upon objects not directly in the line 
 of his profession, the good bishop "each fond endear 
 ment tries" to raise the minds of his readers to the exalted 
 hopes and consolations connected with a brighter sphere 
 and a higher state of being. Dr. Warton's comment upon 
 Siris is worth quoting in this connexion: 
 
 " Many a vulgar critic has sneered at Berkeley's Siris, for begin 
 ning at Tar, and ending with the Trinity; incapable of observing 
 the great art with which the transitions in that hook are finely 
 made, where each paragraph depends upon and arises out of the 
 preceding, and gradually and imperceptibly leads on the reader 
 from common objects to more remote, from matter to spirit, 
 from earth to Heaven." 
 
 A valuable Review of Siris will be found in the Retro 
 spective Review, vol. xi. 239. This periodical, now, alas ! 
 very scarce and expensive, should be purchased by the 
 lover of Old English Literature, whenever the chance may 
 present itself. 
 
 "Tar-Water rose Into general esteem as a medicine, soon after 
 Berkeley's book made its appearance. Its virtues as a tonic will 
 probably be admitted at present, [1825;] but it was at that time 
 considered by many persons, and our author was the most zealous 
 amongst them, not merely as a cure for almost every disorder in 
 cident to the human frauip. but as a sure conservative of health, 
 and a guard against infection and old age." Retrosp. Review. 
 
 For a paper on Berkeley and Idealism, and a notice of 
 Bailey's Review of Berkeley's Theory of Vision, see Black- 
 wood's Magazine, vol. li. 812. 
 
 " The doctrines of Berkeley, incomplete as they appear when 
 viewed as the isolated tenets of an individual, and short as they 
 no doubt fell, in his hands, of their proper and ultimate expres 
 sion, acquire a fuller and profounder significance when studied in 
 connection with the speculations which have since followed in 
 their train." 
 
 The value of the commendation subjoined is too well 
 known to require any thing but the names of the critics : 
 
 " Possessing a mind which, however inferior to that of Locke in 
 depth of reflection and in soundness of judgment, was fully its 
 equal in logical acuteness and invention, and in learning, fancy 
 and taste far its superior, Berkeley was singularly fitted to pro 
 mote that reunion of Philosophy and of the Fine Arts which is so 
 essential to the prosperity of both. . . . With these intellectual 
 and moral endowments, admired and blazoned as they were bv the 
 most distinguished wits of his age, it is not surprising that Berke 
 ley should have given a popularity and fashion to metaphysical 
 
 BER 
 
 pursuits which they had never before acquired in England." 
 DUGALD STEWART : 1st Prelim. Diss. to Encyc. Brit. 
 
 " Ancient learning, exact science, polished society, modern lite 
 rature, and the fine arts, contributed to adorn and enrich the 
 mind of this accomplished man. All his contemporaries agreed 
 with the satirist in ascribing 
 
 ' To Berkeley every virtue under heaven.' 
 
 Adverse factions and hostile wits concurred only in loving, ad 
 miring, and contributing to advance him. The severe sense of 
 Swift endured his visions ; the modest Addison endeavoured to 
 reconcile Clarke to his ambitious speculations. His character con 
 verted the satire of Pope into fervid praise. Even the discerning, 
 fastidious, and turbulent Atterbury said, after an interview with 
 him, ' So much understanding, so much knowledge, so much in 
 nocence, and such humility, I did not think had been the portion 
 of any but angels, till I saw this gentleman.' . . . Of the exquisite 
 grace and beauty of his diction, no man accustomed to English 
 composition can need to be informed. His works are. beyond dis 
 pute, the finest models of philosophical style since Cicero. Per 
 haps they surpass those of the orator, in the wonderful art by 
 which the fullest light is thrown on the most minute and evanes 
 cent parts of the most subtile of human conceptions. Perhaps he 
 also surpassed Cicero in the charm of simplicity." Sia JAMBS 
 MACKINTOSH : 2d Prelim. Dissert. Encyc. Brit. 
 
 In the life and in the death of Berkeley and Swift there 
 was just that contrast which aims so widely at variance 
 would lead us to expect. The one amidst labours and 
 self-sacrifioe passed his days in tranquillity, and, his last 
 years solaced by 
 
 " That which should accompany old age^ 
 
 As honour, love, obedience, troops of friends" 
 whilst engaged in enforcing those truths which his own 
 life had exemplified, exchanged confiding hope for joyful 
 fruition in " the vision of the Almighty." The other, 
 tempest-driven by the storms of passion, the victim of 
 blighted projects and disappointed schemes, at war with 
 his race and with himself, only exchanged insane ravings 
 for idiotic imbecility, and sank into an unhonoured grave, 
 a mournful beacon to all who " set their affections upon 
 the earth," and content themselves with genius unsancti- 
 fied by heavenly wisdom. Young man ! to whom God 
 hath granted mental capacity and intellectual wealth, look 
 first upon that picture, then on this, and say which shall be 
 the object of thy ambition, JONATHAN SWIFT, or GEORGE 
 BERKELEY? 
 
 Berkeley, George, 1733-1795, son of the preced 
 ing, was admitted of Christ Church, Oxford, at the age of 
 nineteen. He entered into holy orders, and held several 
 preferments Prebendary of Canterbury, <fcc., at the 
 time of his death. In 1785 he pub. two Sermons respect 
 ing the Stuarts and their adherents, 1785-89 ; and a Ser 
 mon on Good Friday, 1787. 
 
 " As an author we readily allow that merit in Mr. Berkeley to 
 which we cannot so freely subscribe when we consider him as a 
 statesman or politician. This nation never did, and, we apprehend, 
 never can, prosper under the influence of Tory principles of govern 
 ment." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 His widow pub. a volume of his Sermons in 1799. This 
 lady, who was a frequent contributor to that invaluable 
 periodical, the Gentleman's Magazine, also pub. in 1797 
 a volume of poems (with a preface of her own) written by 
 her son, George Monck Berkeley. (See below.) 
 
 Berkeley, Hon. George Charles Grantley 
 Fitzhardinge, son of the fifth Earl of Berkeley, born 
 1800, was M.P. for Gloucestershire West from 1832 to 
 '52. Author of Berkeley Castle, a Novel, London, 1836, 
 3 vols. 8vo, which was so severely reviewed by Dr. Maginn, 
 in Fraser's Magazine for August, 1836, that it led to a 
 duel between author and critic, in which three shots were 
 exchanged. Mr. Grantley Berkeley subsequently pub 
 lished another novel, Sandron Hall, 3 vols. p. 8vo, and a 
 pamphlet upon Field-Sports and Poaching. 
 
 Berkeley, George Monck, son of the preceding, 
 author of the volume of Poems mentioned above, made 
 some other contributions to the cause of literature. In 
 1789 he pub. Literary Relics, containing original Letters 
 from King Charles II., King James II., the Queen of Bo 
 hemia, Swift, Berkeley, Addison, Steele, Congreve, the 
 Duke of Ormond, and Bishop Rundle; to which is pre 
 fixed an Inquiry into the Life of Dean Swift, 8vo. 
 
 " The temper of mind with which Mr. Berkeley enters on his in 
 quiry, and its unfavourable tendency to promote truth, will be 
 seen by every one who attends to his treatment of Lord Orrery. 
 His lordship is not only denied all kind of literary merit, but his 
 name is coupled with the most reproachful epithets ; we read of 
 ' the yelps of Lord Orrery,' and ' the howl of Lord Orrery :' Lord 
 Orrery is ' a common sewer and a monster,' who, though he had 
 not even the courage of an ass to insult the dying lion, yet, mon- 
 ster-like, preyed upon the carcase." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Berkeley, George, Earl of, d. 1698, aged 71, de 
 scended in a direct line from Robert Fitzharding, of the 
 royal house of Denmark, was noted for his exemplary 
 piety and conciliating manners. From this latter charac 
 teristic Wycherley was induced to chronicle him as Lord 
 
BER 
 
 Plausible, in the Plain Dealer. His lordship was author ! 
 of an excellent book entitled Historical Applications, and 
 occasional Meditations upon several subjects, Lon., 1670, 
 12mo ; 3d edit., 1680. His lordship also pub. A Speech 
 to the Levant Company at their Annual Election, 1680. 
 He gave to the Library of Sion College a valuable collec- j 
 tion of books, formed by Sir Robert Coke. 
 
 The Historical Application serves to confirm the account of j 
 his lordship's amiable character which was given by Mr. Fenton; | 
 and though much enriched by selected passages from other wri 
 ters, has many valuable sentiments intermingled by the noble 
 moralist." nark's WalpoU's R. d-N. Attthors. 
 
 Berkeley, John. Collectanea Historica complexa 
 ipsius Negotiationem Anni 1647 cum Olivario Cromwel, 
 Ireton, et aliis Exercitus Praefectis pro Revocatione Ca- 
 roli I. in Regni Administrationem, Lon., 1699, 8vo. 
 
 Berkeley, Joshua, D.D. The Difficulties attending 
 a just Explanation of the Scriptures considered, as they : 
 have arisen from the gradual Progress of revealed Reli 
 gion, through a length of time; a Sermon on 2 Tim. ii. 
 15, 1780, 4to. [Visitation.] 
 
 Berkeley, Mary, Countess Dowager of. An 
 Address to the House of Peers of the United Kingdom, | 
 Lon., 1811, 8vo. On this claim a number of pamphlets 
 have appeared. See Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual. 
 Berkeley, Rev. Thomas. Wilderness, or Prolu 
 sions in verse, 1811, 12mo. 
 
 Berkefey, Sir William, d. 1677, for nearly 40 years 
 governor of Virginia, was the author of A Discourse and 
 View of Virginia, pp. 12, 1663, fol.; The Lost Lady; A 
 Tragi-Comedy, 1639 ; and (according to the Biog. Dramat.) 
 a play called Cordelia, 1662, not printed, ascribed to Sir 
 William Bartley. In Francis Moryson's edit, of the Laws ! 
 of Virginia, Lon., 1662, fol., the Preface informs us that 
 Sir William was the author of the best of them. 
 Berkenhead, Sir John. See BIRKENHEAD. 
 Berkenhout, Mrs. Heliiia. The History of Vic 
 toria Mortimer, Lon., 1805, 4 vols. 12ino. 
 
 Berkenhout, John, M.D., b. about 1730, d. 1791, a 
 native of Leeds, rose to the rank of Captain in the Prus 
 sian service, then studied medicine, and added the claims 
 of authorship and diplomacy to his other titles to distinc 
 tion. In 1778 he visited Philadelphia, by order of the 
 English government, to assist in the negotiations with the 
 American Congress. He has been very foolishly compared 
 to the "Admirable Crichton." His merits, however, are 
 undoubtedly great. He pub. many professional, and other, 
 works, of which we name a few : Clavis Anglica Linguae 
 Botanicae Linnaei, 1762, 8vo. Pharmacopoeia Medicae, 
 1756, 8voj 3d edit, 1762. Outlines of the Natural His 
 tory of Great Britain and Ireland ; containing an arrange 
 ment of all the animals, vegetables, and fossils, which 
 have hitherto been discovered in these kingdoms, Lon., 
 1767-71, 3 vols. 8vo j reprinted together in 1773 ; and a 
 2d edit, in 1788, 2 vols. 8vo, under the title of A Synopsis 
 of the Natural History of Great Britain, <fcc. Biographia 
 Literaria ; or a Biographical History of Literature, con 
 taining the Lives of English, Scotch, and Irish, Authors, 
 from the dawn of Letters in these kingdoms to the present 
 time, chronologically and classically arranged, vol. L, 
 Lon., 1777, 4to; this is all that appeared. Vol. i. com 
 prehends from the beginning of the 5th to the end of the 
 16th century. Vols. 2d and 3d were to have been de 
 voted to the authors of the 17th century, and vol. iv. 
 (conclusion) would have taken in the time from 1700 to 
 aboui 1777. 
 
 " The lives are very short, and the author frequently introduces 
 sentiments hostile to religious establishments and doctrines, which 
 could not be very acceptable to English readers. The dates and 
 facts, however, are given with great accuracy ; and in many of the 
 lives he profited by the assistance of George Steevens, Esq., the 
 celebrated commentator on Shakspeare." 
 
 A new edit, of Campbell's Lives of the Admirals, Lon., 
 1779, 4to. Symptomatology, Lon., 1784, 8vo. The First 
 Lines of the Theory and Practice of Philosophical Che 
 mistry, Lon., 1778, 8vo, dedicated to Mr. Eden, afterwards 
 Lord Auckland, whom the doctor accompanied to America. 
 Letters on Education, to his son at Oxford, 1791, 2 vols. 
 12mo. The doctor printed Proposals for a History of 
 Middlesex, including London, 4 vols. fol. The design was 
 abandoned, and the Proposals not circulated. The doctor 
 also pub. treatises on Gout, 1772. Lucubrations on Ways 
 and Means, 1780, and a trans, of Dr. Pomme's Treatise on 
 Hypochondria, Ac., in 1777. 
 
 " When we reflect on the variety of books that bear his name, 
 we cannot but be surprised at the extent and variety of the know 
 ledge they contain. . . . An individual so universally informed as 
 Dr. Berkenhout, is an extraordinary appearance in the republic of 
 letters." Chalmers's Biog. Diet, 
 
 BER 
 
 To sum up the doctor's various characters, he was, 1. A 
 Soldier. 2. A Doctor of Medicine. 3. An Author. 4. A 
 Classical Scholar. 5. A Mathematician. 6. A Botanist. 
 7. A Chemist. 8. A Political Economist. 9. A Diploma 
 tist. 10. A Poet. 11. A Painter. 12. A Musician. What 
 a hydra-headed member of society was Dr. Berkenhout ! 
 
 Berket, Henry. Poemata, 1645, 4to. Privately 
 printed. 
 
 Berlie, J. James. The Treasury of Drugs unlocked, 
 or a description of all sorts of Drugs, Lon., 1690. 
 
 Bernard, Andrew, an Austin Friar, born at Tou 
 louse, was Poeta Laureatus to Henry VII. and Henry 
 VIII., historiographer, and also preceptor in Grammar, to 
 Prince Arthur. He wrote some Latin pieces, which are in 
 MS. in the Cottonian Library ; among these are an Address 
 to Henry VIII., a Chronicle of the Life and Achievements 
 of Henry VII. to the taking of Perkin Warbeck, and other 
 historical commentaries on the reign of that king. 
 
 " I am of opinion that it was not customary for the royal laure 
 ate to write in English, till the reformation of religion had begun 
 to diminish the veneration for the Latin language ; or rather, till 
 the love of novelty, and a better sense of things, had banished 
 the narrow pedantries of monastic erudition, and taught us to 
 cultivate our native tongue." Warton's History of English Poetry, 
 vol. ii. 
 
 Bernard, Charles. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1696. 
 Bernard, Chris. Letter to the Netherlands, Oxon., 
 1655, fol. 
 
 Bernard, Chris. Present State of Surgery, Lon., 
 1703, 4to. 
 
 Bernard, Edward, D.D., 1638-1696, an eminent 
 critic, astronomer, and linguist, was a native of North 
 amptonshire. In 1655 he was elected scholar of St 
 John's College, Oxford, of which he was subsequently a 
 Fellow. He visited Holland three times in the course of 
 his learned investigations. In the praiseworthy effort 
 made at Oxford in 1670 to collect and publish the works 
 of the ancient mathematicians, Bernard took an active 
 part. He compiled a valuable synopsis of the authors se 
 lected for publication, which compilation will be found in 
 Dr. Thomas Smith's Life of Bernard. It is to be regretted 
 that the plan was not carried out with the same zeal which 
 first suggested it. He drew up a very complete Index to the 
 Catalogus Manuscriptorum Angliae et Hibernise, Oxon., 
 1697, fol. In this Index he specifies many valuable Greek 
 MSS. in several foreign libraries, as well as those at home. 
 In 1673 he succeeded Christopher Wren, to whom he had 
 been deputy since 1669, as Savilian Professor of Astro 
 nomy at Oxford. His contributions to the works of his 
 learned contemporaries were numerous. For a list, see 
 Watt's Bib. Brit. Dr. Smith mentions one admirable trait 
 in his character, which we desire in our present literary 
 undertaking to profit by : 
 
 "He was a candid judge of other men's performances; not too 
 censorious even on trifling books, if they contained nothing con 
 trary to good manners, virtue, or religion ; and to those which dis 
 played wit, learning, or good sense, none gave more ready and 
 ample praise." Life of Bernard. 
 
 We would fain make our Index Expurgatorius as small 
 as possible, yet at our own hazard must we remember tho 
 motto of our illustrious predecessors of the Edinburgh 
 Review the only line of Publius Syrius according to Syd 
 ney Smith, with which the critics were acquainted : 
 
 " JNDEX DAMNATUR CUM NOCENS ABSOLVITUR." 
 Many books from Dr. Bernard's Library were purchased 
 for the Bodleian Library by the agency of Humphrey 
 Wanley. 
 
 " The addition made to the Bodleian from Dr. Bernard's study 
 was of the greatest importance, and contained many of the most 
 valuable books, both printed and MSS., now in the library." See 
 Wanley's interesting memoranda in Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., 
 vol. Jv. 707. 
 
 " He was a person admirably well read in all kinds of ancient 
 learning, in Astronomy and Mathematics, a curious Critic, an ex 
 cellent Grecian, Latinist, Chronologer, and Orientalian." WOOD. 
 Bernard, Sir Francis, Bart., d. 1779, Governor, 
 first, of New Jersey, and afterwards of Massachusetts, pub. 
 Letters to the Earl of Hillsborough, and Letters to the 
 Ministry, Lon., 1769, 8vo. Select Letters on the Trade 
 and Government of America, Ac., 1774, 8vo. Some of his 
 Greek and Latin Poems were pub. in the Pietas and Gra- 
 tulatio, Camb., 1761. 
 
 Bernard, H. H. Guide to the Hebrew Biblical Stu 
 dent, Lon., 8vo. The Main Principles of the Creed, and 
 Ethics of the Jews, &c., Camb., 1832, 8vo. 
 
 " Besides communicating to the English reader the sentiments, 
 traditions, and sayings of the ancient rabbins quoted by Ma inio- 
 nides, the volume will materially contribute to supply the BibllcaJ 
 student with the means, at present scarcely within his reach, of 
 acquiring an accurate knowledge of rabbinical Hebrew." Home's 
 Introduction, 
 
BER 
 
 Sec Brit. Grit., April 1833 j and Christian Remembrancer, 
 vol. xiv., 1832. 
 
 Bernard, John. Oratio de rera Anima Tranquili- 
 tate, Londini, 1568, 4to. Trans, by Anth. Marten, Lon., 
 1570, 8vo. 
 
 Bernard, John. The Independant's Catechism, Lon., 
 
 Bernard, John. Retrospections of the Stage, 1830. 
 
 Bernard, John Peter, assisted Birch, Lockman, 
 Sale, and others in the compilation of the General Dic 
 tionary, Historical and Critical, [including Bayle's,] 1734- 
 41, 10 vols. fol. 
 
 Bernard, Nathaniel. Sermon, Oxon., 1643, 4to. 
 
 Bernard, Nicholas, D.D., d. 1661, was educated at 
 the University of Cambridge. By the interest of Arch 
 bishop Usher he was promoted to the Deanery of Ardagh. 
 A Sermon preached at the Burial of John Atherton, last 
 
 BER 
 
 the Lord Bishop of Durham on the Measures under consi 
 deration of Parliament for promoting Industry and the 
 Relief of the Poor, 1807, 8vo. The New School; being 
 an attempt to illustrate its Principles and Advantages, 3d 
 edit., 1810, 8vo. The Barrington School ; being an Illus 
 tration of the Principles, Practices, and Effects of the Sys 
 tem of Instruction, in facilitating the Religious and Moral 
 Instruction of the Poor, 1812, 8vo. An Account of the 
 supply of Fish for the Manufacturing Poor, 1813, 8vo. 
 On the Supply of Employment and Subsistence for the 
 Labouring Classes in Fisheries, Manufactures, and Culti 
 vation of Waste Land, &c., 1816. This good man also 
 wrote Spurinna, or the Comforts of Old Age ; with Notes 
 and Biographical Illustrations, 1816, 8vo. The author had 
 taken the most certain means of securing the Comforts of 
 Old Age, by devoting his days of strength and activity to 
 the good of his fellow-man, and the honour of his God. 
 
 Bishop of Waterford, Lon., 1641, 4to. The publication With the view of inducing others to seek true happiness 
 this sermon gave much offence. The Whole Proceed- in the unfailing source from which he 1 
 TS of the Sie" e of Drogheda, Lon., 1642, 4to ; Dubl., own consolations, he pub. in 1806, An 
 
 A Dialogue betweel Paul and Agrippa, Lon., 1642, Christianity, containing Select Passages from Scnpture, 
 4to. The Life and Death of Archbishop Usher, in a ser- with a Commentary by Edward^Gibbon, Esq., and^Notes 
 mon preached at his Funeral, Lon., 1656, 12mo; after 
 wards enlarged. The Judgment of Archbp. Usher on the 
 Extent of Christ's Death and Satisfaction, on the Sabbath, 
 
 and Observance of the Lord's Day, Lon., 1657, 8vo. This 
 treatise was noticed by Dr. Peter Heylyn in Respondent 
 
 Petrus, &c., 1658, 4to. Devotions of the Ancient Church, 
 
 in seven pious prayers, Lon., 1660, 8vo. Clavi Trabales, 
 
 Ac., Lon., 1661, 4to, and some other publications. 
 "Archbishop Usher, having daily opportunities of taking notice 
 
 of the parts, and the solidity of learning and judgment of Mr. 
 
 Bernard, employed him in making collections for some works he 
 
 was then meditating, and more particularly for the Antiquities of 
 
 the British Churches, which did not appear in public till the year 
 
 IG39,"Binff. Brit. 
 
 Bernard, Richard, b. 1566, or 1567, d. 1641, an emi 
 nent Puritan divine, was educated at Christ's College, Cam 
 bridge. Terence's Comedies trans, into English, 1598, 4to ; 
 
 often reprinted ; the first trans, into English of the whole 
 
 of Terence. Plain Evidence that the Church of England 
 
 is Apostolical, and the separation schismatical, 1610, 4to. 
 
 A Key for opening the Mysteries of the Revelation of St. 
 
 John, Lon., 1617, 4to. The Fabulous Foundation of the 
 
 Popedom, showing that St. Peter was never at Rome, Oxf., 
 
 1619, 4to. Faithful Shepherd, 1607, 4to. Looke beyond 
 
 Luther, Lon., 1623, 4to. He pub. several other pieces 
 
 against the Church of Rome. A Guide to Grand Jury 
 men with respect to Witches, Lon., 1627, 12mo. This part 
 
 of the country, according to Granville, was much infected 
 
 with Witches. The Isle of Man, or legal proceedings in 
 
 Man-shire against Sin, Lon., 1627, 8vo. The work reached 
 
 its 10th edit, in 1635 ! Some suppose it to have been the 
 
 germ of Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, and Holy War. We 
 
 shall refer to this subject under BUNYAN. The Bible 
 
 Battels, or the Sacred Art Military, Lon., 1629, 12mo. 
 
 Thesaurus Biblicus sive Promptuarium Sacrum, Londini, 
 
 4to, with port-rait by Hollar, Lon., 1661, fol. ; enlarged 
 
 edit, 1664. Ruth's Recompense, &c., Lon., 1628, 4to, and 
 
 other works. 
 Bernard, Samuel, Jr. The Essence, Spirituality, 
 
 and Glorious Issue of the Religion of Christ; to all God's 
 chosen exhibited in Remarks on the " Verily, Verily," as 
 used by our Lord in many parts of Scripture, 1807, 12mo. 
 Bernard, Thos. Advantages of Learning, 1736, 8vo. 
 Bernard, Sir Thomas, 1750-1818, son of Sir Francis 
 Bernard, (see ante,) was educated at Harvard College, New 
 England. He practised for a few years as conveyancer, 
 but retiring from business, devoted his life to the benefit 
 of the public. The improvement of the physical and reli 
 gious condition of the poor, and the literary and scientific 
 advancement of the wealthier classes of society equally en 
 listed the zeal and called forth the energies of this truly 
 amiable man. The chimney-sweeper of St. Giles felt the 
 ameliorating influence of his benevolent interposition, and 
 Sir Humphry Davy won undying laurels on the stage of 
 the Royal Institution, which Sir Francis Bernard con 
 tributed to found. The Free Chapel in St. Giles, the 
 British Institution, and the Hospital for Foundlings, bear 
 witness to the noble philanthropy of a man who had prac 
 tically learned the lesson that "none of us liveth to him 
 self." In the establishment of the Royal Institution, he 
 . had the active co-operation of Count Rumford. See an 
 interesting account of the first lectures at tkis Institution, 
 in Dibdin's Reminiscences, vol. i. 
 
 Sir Thomas pub. a number of works on the objects which 
 engrossed his care ; among them, are Observations relating 
 to the Liberty of the Press, Lon., 1793, 8vo. Letter to 
 
 prove the authenticity of Divine revelation from the testimony of 
 its bitterest enemies. It is a very ingenious method of turning 
 the weapons of unbelievers against themselves." LOWNDES. 
 
 He was connected with Dr. Dibdin in the publication of 
 the Director, 2 vols., 1807, 8vo, a weekly periodical, in which 
 notices of the Lectures delivered at the Royal Institution, 
 and the Pictures exhibited at the Bristol Gallery, occupy 
 a prominent place. His friend and coadjutor bears testi 
 mony to the excellence of the subject of our memoir. 
 
 " Sir Thomas Bernard did much and great good as a philanthro 
 pist. ... He resolved to devote the approaching autumn of his 
 life to objects of real practical utility, and he made BETTERING THE 
 CONDITION OF THE POOR one of those most essential objects. How 
 ard explored dungeons, Sir Thomas visited drawing-rooms, to lay 
 them under contribution for the support of his avowed darling 
 object. In short, benevolence may be said to have become fashion 
 able under his influence. Great efforts, on all sides, were made, 
 and societies and establishments out of number sprung up to ' bless 
 our victuals with increase and to satisfy our poor with bread." 
 Dibdin's Reminiscences. 
 
 Bernard, William Bayle, b. 1808, at Boston: he 
 prepared for the press his father's " Recollections of the 
 Stage," and was the author of many popular plays, the 
 jest-known of which are : The Nervous Man and the Man 
 of Nerve; Irish Attorney; The Mummy; His Last Legs; 
 Dumb Belle; The Boarding-School; Round of Wrong; 
 Life's Trials, Ac. 
 
 Bernardi, Major John, 1657-1736, an English offi 
 cer, descended from an ancient family which had flourished 
 at Lucca, Italy, from the year 1097, was a zealous adhe 
 rent of James II. In 1696 he was imprisoned as accom 
 plice in the plot for assassinating King William. There 
 was no proof against him, yet six successive parliaments 
 (under four sovereigns) passed acts to detain him and five 
 others in prison. He died in Newgate, after a confine 
 ment of nearly forty years. He wrote an account of his 
 Life, Lon., 1729, 8vo. See Biog. Brit. 
 
 Bernays, Leopold J. Goethe's Faust, part ii. A 
 trans., partly in the Metres of the Original, and partly in 
 Prose, of Part ii. of Goethe's Faust; with other Poems, 
 demy 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Bernays, an idolater of the poet, has rendered his extraor 
 dinary production partly into prose and partly into the original 
 metres ; in both he has displayed a knowledge of his principal, 
 and a command of the two languages." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 " Mr. Bernay's most exact and very excellent translation." 
 Conservative Journal. 
 
 Berners, John Bourchier, Lord, d. 1532, aged 
 63, a descendant of Edward III., Chancellor of the Ex 
 chequer under Henry VIII., and Deputy-General of Calais 
 and its Marches, is best known as a translator of the 
 grand old Chronicle of Froissart. Froissart, a canon of 
 two churches, was a resident of England, as Secretary to 
 the Queen of Edward III., from 1361 to 1366. In 1395 
 he paid another visit to England. His Chronicle which 
 is one of the most enchanting pictures or picture-galleries 
 ever devised by the wit and drawn by the pen of man 
 depicts the campaign of Edward III. upon the Conti 
 nent, and contemporaneous events in the principal coun 
 tries of Europe. In the formation of his history Froissart 
 employed 40 years. That amiable enthusiast, Dr. Dibdin, 
 thus commends this author : 
 
 " Let me press strongly on the ' Young Man's' attention, the 
 importance, the instruction, and the never-failing source of amuse 
 ment, of his history : which has alike endeared the author to the 
 antiquary, the man of taste, and even to the lover of romantic 
 lore. The pages of Froissart exhibit a perfectly natural and pleas 
 ing picture. Conversations, skirmishes, battles the country, the 
 
BER 
 
 BER 
 
 town scenes within the tent, the palace, or the church the quiet 
 of pastoral occupations, or the tumult of a popular assembly 
 these, and every thing which he touches, are hit off in a manner 
 the most simple and striking imaginable ; and severe indeed must 
 he that taste, and fastidious that feeling, which shall deny to the 
 pages of this historian the merit of great interest, candour, and 
 apparent fidelity. His episodes are occasionally delightful, and it 
 is evident that he was fond of them. He has also a peculiar art 
 in suspending the main narrative, (when the interest is becoming 
 more and more intense,) by the relation of a number of little cir 
 cumstances which only makes us return to it with a keener appe 
 tite. ... It cannot be denied that Froissart has admirably de 
 scribed the campaigns of our Edward upon the Continent, when 
 the British arms were covered with glory ; when a spirit of chi 
 valry, amounting to the romantic, stirred every breast, and nerved 
 every arm. The splendours of Cressy and Poictiers are but slightly 
 shaded, if at all, by the achievements of Agincourt and Waterloo." 
 Library Companion. 
 
 "'Did you ever read Froissart?' 'No,' was Morton's answer. 
 ' I have half a mind,' said Claverhouse, ' to contrive you should 
 have six months' imprisonment, in order to procure you that plea 
 sure. His chapters inspire me with more enthusiasm than poetry 
 itself.' "Old Mortality. 
 
 As the name of Monstrelet is closely associated with 
 Froissart, we may mention that the history of the former, 
 the Chronicles of France and England, comprehends the 
 period from 1400 to 1467, continued by others to 1516 : 
 (see notice of the translations of Froissart and Monstrelet, 
 by Colonel Thomas Johnes, under his name.) Lord Ber- 
 ners's translation of Froissart's Chronicles, made by com 
 mand of Henry VIIL, has been highly commended. 
 
 " A soldier, a statesman, and a scholar, this nobleman was sin 
 gularly well adapted for the task which he undertook. Indeed, 
 considering the period of its completion, it was a sort of literary 
 miracle." DIBDIN : Library Companion. 
 
 In correctness, as well as in other valuable qualities, 
 Lord Berners's translation has been considered superior to 
 that of Colonel Johnes. 
 
 " In imitating the style of his original; Lord Berners's transla 
 tion becomes peculiarly valuable to an English reader. His ver 
 sion is faithful, but not servile ; and he imitates the spirit and 
 simplicity of the original, without allowing us to discover, from 
 any deficiency in either of these particulars, that his own work is 
 a translation." From the reprint of Pynson's 1st edit, of 1523-25 : 
 E. V. UTTERSON. 
 
 Lord Berners's translation first appeared in 1523-25, 
 printed by Pynson in two folio volumes. A perfect copy 
 of this edition is very rarely to be found : sold at the Rox- 
 burghe sale, 7988, for 63. The latter portion of the se 
 cond volume is sometimes " made up" from the reprint by 
 Middleton, sine anno. 
 
 " He who has the reprint of 1812, 4to, two vols., [by E. V. Utter- 
 son,] may rest perfectly satisfied that he has the text of Lord Ber- 
 ners as correctly given as in the first edition by Pynson, with a 
 great number of proper names, in places and persons corrected 
 into the bargain, If, however, the ' Young Man' sigh, and sigh 
 deeply, for the oak-bounden impression of Pynson, he must pur 
 chase it but with caution and previous collation." DIBDIN. 
 
 We give a list of translations by Lord Berners. The 
 reader will notice the variable orthography of the name 
 and title of the knight ; of those cited, no two are altoge 
 ther alike. 1. The Chronicles of Englande, Fraunce, 
 Spayne, Portyngale, Scotlande, Bretayne, Flaunders, and 
 other Places adionynge, translated out of French e into our 
 maternall Englysshe Tonge, by Johan Bourchier Knight, 
 Lorde Berners. London, by Richard Pynson, 1523-25. 
 Made, as we have stated above, by command of Henry 
 VIIL 
 
 2. The Hystory of the moost noble and valyaunt knyght 
 Arthur of lytell brytayne, translated out of frensshe in to 
 englisshe by the noble Johan bourgcher Jcnyght lorde Ear 
 ners, newly emprynted. This was printed by Redborne. 
 
 " In the class of romances of chivalry we have several transla 
 tions in the black letter; such are the Mort d' Arthur, Huon of 
 Bordeaux, etc. The best translations, now very rare and high 
 priced, are those of Lord Berners, the admirable translator of Frois 
 sart, in the reign of Henry 8; and not the least of his merits is 
 now the genuine antique cast of his style." Curiosities of Litera 
 ture. 
 
 See copious notices of the translation of Arthur in the 
 British Bibliographer, iv., 228, and in Dibdin's Ames, iv., 
 190. There was a new edition by E. V. Utterson, pub., 
 Lon., 1814, 4to; with a series of plates from illuminated 
 drawings. 
 
 3. The Famous Exploits of Huon de Bourdeaux, trans, 
 by Sir John Bourchicr, Lord Bernent, Lon., 1601, 4to ; 3d 
 edit. Done at the desire of the Earl of Huntingdon. 
 Tanner, p. 116. 
 
 4. The golden Boke of Marcus Aurelius, Emperour and 
 Oratour, translated out of Frenche into Englishe by John 
 Bourchier, Knyghte, Lorde Barners. London in the House 
 of Tho. Berthelet, (1534,) 16mo. Thirteen editions be 
 tween 1534 and 1587 ! Undertaken at the desire of his 
 nephew, Sir Francis Bryan. 
 
 5. The Castle of Loue, translated out of Spaynyshe into 
 
 Englyshe by John Bowrchier KnygTit Lord Bcrners. Impr. 
 by me Robert Wyer, 8vo. Dedicated to the lady of Sir 
 Nicholas Carew, at whose desire he translated it from the 
 Spanish. 
 
 He also composed a book entitled Of the Duties of the 
 Inhabitants of Calais, and a Comedy called Ite in Vineam, 
 which was usually acted in the great Church at Calais 
 after vespers. 
 
 " Several letters by Lord Berners occur in the British Museum 
 COTTON., Calig. D. ix., Vesp. C. i. and F. xiii., HAUL., 295. In Ves 
 pasian, C. i., 147, is an original dispatch from lord Berners and 
 John Kite to king Henry the Eighth, giving an account of their 
 interview with Charles, king of Castile and Arragon. This is very 
 curious, and has been reprinted in Utterson's edition of Froissart, 
 preface p. 12." Note in Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. 
 
 " Lord Berners. . . . was instructed in several sorts of learning 
 in this university in the latter end of K. Edw. 4 ; in whose reign 
 and before, were the sons of divers of the English nobility edu 
 cated in academical literature in Baliol Coll., wherein, as 'tis pro 
 bable, this our author was instructed also. After he had left the 
 university, he travelled into divers countries, and returned a 
 master of several languages and a compleat gentleman. But that 
 which made him first known to the world, was his valour shew'd 
 in quelling the fury of the rebels in Cornwall and Devon, under 
 the conduct of Michael Joseph, a blacksmith, about 1495, whereby 
 he greatly gained the favour of K. Henry." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 " Having there [at Calais] gotten a repose, who formerly had 
 been a far traveller and great linguist, he translated many books 
 out of French, Spanish, and Italian, besides some of his own 
 making. [Bale de Scriptoribus Britannicis Cent, vii., num i., and 
 Pits, in anno 1532.] I behold his as the second (accounting the 
 lord Tiptoft the first) noble hand, which, since the decay of learn 
 ing, took a pen therein, to be author of a book." Fuller's Worthies. 
 
 "But I have shown that Lord Berners was but the fifth writer 
 among the nobility, in order of time." Walpole's Royal and Noble 
 Authors. 
 
 In this work is a long extract from Lord Berners's epis 
 tle dedicatory of the Castle of Love, to Lady Carew. We 
 give a short specimen, which is curious as exhibiting the 
 orthography of the day : 
 
 " To the good and vertuous lady ; the lady Carewe, gretynge. 
 
 " The affecciant desyre and obligation that I am bounde in to- 
 wardes you, ryghte vertuous and good lady, as well for the good 
 ness that it hath pleased you to shewe me, as for the nyreness of 
 consanguinite, hath encoraged me to accomplyshe your desyre, 
 in translating this present booke. And though my so doynge can 
 not be correspondent any thing to recompense your goodnes, yet 
 not being ignoraunt of your goodwil and desyre, the which in this 
 cause I take for the hole effecte ; thinking thereby to do you some 
 smale rememoracion, and also bycause the matter is very pleasant 
 for yonge ladies and gentlewomen : therefore I have enterpeysod 
 to reduce the same from Spanishe into the Englyshe tonge, not 
 adorned with so freshe eloquence that it should merite to be pre 
 sented to your goodnes." 
 
 Berners, or Barnes, Juliana, b. about 1388, is be 
 lieved to have been the daughter of Sir James Berners, a 
 favourite of Richard the Second, and beheaded in 1388 as 
 an evil counsellor to the king, and an enemy to the public. 
 Juliana was celebrated for her extreme beauty and great 
 learning. She was prioress of Sopewell Nunnery near St. 
 Alban's, where she varied the devotions of the cloister 
 with the sports of the field. Willing to impart to others 
 a knowledge of the mysteries which aiforded so much satis 
 faction to herself, she wrote treatises on Hawking, Hunting, 
 Fishing, and Heraldry. 
 
 " From an abbess disposed to turn author, we might more rea 
 sonably have expected a manual of meditations for the closet, or 
 select rules for making salves, or distilling strong waters. But 
 the diversions of the world were not thought inconsistent with 
 the character of a religious lady of this eminent rank, who resem 
 bled an abbot in respect of exercising an extensive manorial juris 
 diction ; and who hawked and hunted in common with other ladies 
 of distinction. This work however is here mentioned because the 
 second of these treatises is written in rhyme. It is spoken in her 
 own porson; in which, being otherwise a woman of authority, she 
 assumes the title of Dame. I suspect the whole to be a translation 
 from the French and Latin." Warton's History of English Poetry, 
 vol. ii. 
 
 " The treatise on fishing is not only the earliest, but by far the 
 most curious essay upon angling which has ever appeared in the 
 English, or porhaps any other, language. In the most important 
 features, Walton has closely followed this production. In piety 
 and virtue, in the inculcation of morality, in an ardent love 
 for their art, and still more, in that placid and Christian spirit for 
 which the amiable Walton was so conspicuous, the early writer 
 was scarcely inferior to his or her more celebrated successor." 
 Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual, which see for particulars of 
 early editions. 
 
 There are three treatises comprised in one volume with 
 this title : The Bokys of Hawking and Hunting, and also 
 of Cootarmuris, at St. Alban's, 1486, small folio. So rare 
 is this volume, that Dr. Dibdin estimates a perfect copy 
 (of which Earl Spencer and the Earl of Pembroke each 
 had one) to be worth 420 ; a very imperfect copy pro 
 duced 147 at the sale of the Library of the Duke of Rox- 
 burghe; resold at the sale of the White Knight's (Duke 
 of Marlborough's) Library for 84. The third book, on 
 Heraldic Blazonry, is supposed to be an addendum to the 
 two preceding, and a portion of a work by Nicholas Upton, 
 
BER 
 
 BER 
 
 written abont 1441. Indeed Mr. TTasTewood considers that 
 the only portions of the book which can safely be attri 
 buted to Dame Berners are : 1. A small portion of the Trea 
 tise on Hawking. 2. The Treatise upon Hunting. 3. A 
 Short List of the Beasts of Chase; and Another Short 
 one of Beasts and Fowls. We have no space for a list of 
 early editions, the last of which was printed in 1595 in 4to. 
 Mr. Haslewood's edition (Lon., 1810, folio) is an exact 
 reprint of that by Wynkyn de Worde, 1496. 150 copies 
 were printed. In the Bibliographical Introduction (a few 
 copies of which were struck off separately) will be found 
 a full account of the first editions of this curious work. 
 As few of our readers are likely to have an opportunity of 
 seeing this rare book, we shall give them a specimen of the 
 style of this Di Vernon of the elder time. Speaking of 
 "fysshynge," she affectionately exhorts the prospective 
 angler, and moralizes on this wise : 
 
 " Ye shall not use this forsayd crafty disporte for no covetysenes, 
 to the eucreasynge and sparynge of your money oonly ; but prin 
 cipally for your solace, and to cause the helthe of your body, and 
 specyally of your soule: for whaune ye purpoos to goo on your 
 dysportes in fysshynge, ye wooll not desyre gretly many persons 
 with you, whyche lett you of your game. And thenne ye may 
 serve God devoutly in saying affectuously your custumable prayer ; 
 and, thus doynge, ye shall eschewe and voyde many vices." 
 
 In order that the angler might betake him or herself 
 quietly, and without attracting attention and company, to 
 their "fysshynge dysporte," she gives instructions for a 
 walking cane-rod, which should give no indication of the 
 anticipated " dysporte," and the bewitching, though it must 
 be confessed rather sly, Juliana triumphantly declares, 
 
 " And thus shall ye make you a rodde so prevy, that ye may 
 walk therwyth; and there shall noo man wyte where abowte ye 
 goo." See an article on Angling in the London Quarterly lie- 
 view, vol. Ixvii. 
 
 The book on Armory commences with the following 
 curious piece of sacred heraldry : 
 
 "Of the offspring of the gentilman Jafeth, come Habraham, 
 Moyses, Aron, and the profettys : and also the kyng of the right 
 lyiie of Mary, of whom that gentilman Jhesus was borne, very 
 God and man : after his manhoode kynge of the land of Jude and 
 of Jues, gentilman by his modre Mary, prince of cote armure, &c." 
 
 Berrey, G. J. Legal treatise, Lon., 1833, 12mo. 
 
 Berrian, William, D.D., Rector of Trinity Church, 
 New York City. 1. Travels in France and Italy in 1817- 
 18, N. York, 1820, 8vo. 2. Devotions for the Sick-Room, 
 12mo. 3. Enter thy Closet, 12mo. 4. Family and Private 
 Prayers, 12mo. 5. On the Communion, 18mo. 6. Sailors' 
 Manual, 18mo. 7. Hist. Sketch of Trinity Church, N. York, 
 1847,8vo. 8. Recollections of Departed Friends, 1850, 12mo. 
 Ed., with Memoir, Works of Bishop Hobart, 1833, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Berridge, John, 1716-1793, entered at Clare Hall, 
 1794, vicar of Bverton, 1755. The Christian World un 
 masked; pray come and peep, 1773, 8vo; 1824, 8vo; with 
 Life, Letters, Farewell Sermons, and Zion's Songs. 
 
 Berriman, John, 1689-1768, educated at St. Ed 
 mund's Hall, Oxford, became Rector of St. Alban's, Lon 
 don, 1744. The Case of Naboth considered, &c., 1721, 
 8vo. Eight Sermons at Lady Moyer's Lecture, 1 741, 8vo. 
 Entirely of the critical kind, noting above 100 Greek MS. 
 of St. Paul's Epistles, many not before collated. A Criti 
 cal Dissertation on 1 Tim. iii. 16, 1741, 8vo. 
 
 " In this work are noticed several glaring and unpardonable errors 
 
 in the impressions of the Bible during the 17th century. A copy 
 
 is in the British Museum, with the author's MS. notes." LOWNDES. 
 
 See Orme's Bib. Bibl. He edited 2 vols. of his brother 
 
 William's sermons, pub., 1750. 
 
 Berriman, William, D.D., 1688-1750, brother to 
 the preceding, was entered, at 17, of Oriel College, Oxford. 
 By close application he became well versed in the Greek, 
 Hebrew, Chaldee, Arabic, and Syriac tongues. The Trini 
 tarian Controversy elicited his first publications. A Sea 
 sonable Review of Mr. Whiston's Account of Primitive 
 Doxologies, Lon., 1719, 8vo. A Second Review of the 
 same, 1719, 8vo. These pieces recommended him to the 
 notice of Dr. Robinson, Bishop of London, who in 1720 
 appointed him his domestic chaplain, and in 1722 collated 
 him to the living of St. Andrew-Undershaft. In 1727 he 
 became a Fellow of Eton College. An Historical Account 
 of the Trinitarian Controversy, in 8 Sermons, delivered 
 at Lady Moyer's Lecture, in 1723-24; pub. 1725, 8vo. 
 In Dr. Conyers Middleton's Introductory Discourse to the 
 Inquiry into the miraculous powers of the Christian Church, 
 and in the Inquiry also, Dr. Berriman was noticed with 
 much severity. In 1731 Berriman pub. by way of rejoinder, 
 A Defence of some passages in the Historical Account. 
 In 1733 he pub. Brief Remarks on Mr. Chandler's Intro 
 duction to the History of the Inquisition, which was fol 
 lowed by a Review of the Remarks. Both of these were 
 answered by Chandler. The Gradual Revelation of the 
 Gospel from the time of Man's Apostasy: 24 sermons 
 
 preached at the Lecture founded by the Hon. Robert Boyle. 
 1730, '31, '32, Lon., 1733, 2 vols. 8vo. He pub. a number 
 of occasional sermons, Ac. After his death 2 vols., 40 ser 
 mons, were pub. by his brother, and in 1763 1 vol., 19 ser 
 mons, appeared. 
 
 Berrington. See BERINGTON. 
 
 Berrow, Capel. Sermons, 1746. A Pre-existent 
 Lapse of Human Souls, demonstrated from Reason, shewn 
 to be the opinion of the most eminent writers of antiquity, 
 sacred and profane. Proved to be the groundwork, like 
 wise, of the Gospel Dispensation ; and the medium through 
 which many material objects, relative thereto, are set in a 
 clear, rational, and consistent light, 1762, 8vo. 
 
 " Altogether undeserving of the public attention : it is a crude 
 and irregular production, neither to be commended for its matter 
 nor its style. The allegations from Scripture are weak and uncriti 
 cal; the arguments, drawn from the depravity of the mind, are 
 declamatory and false, and several of the authorities are misrepre 
 sented, and at best nothing to the purpose." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Deism not consistent with the Religion of Nature and 
 Reason, 1780, 4to. 
 
 Berry, Charles. Sermons on the Duty of National 
 Thanksgiving, 1812. 
 
 Berry, Francis. See WHITCHEK. 
 
 Berry, Rev. Henry, was connected with the British 
 Farmer's Mag. He wrote Improved Short Horns, and 
 their pretensions stated, Lon., 1830, 8vo. 
 
 Berry, Mary, 1762-1852. Her father, sister Agnes, 
 and herself were the literary executors of Sir Horace Wai- 
 pole, and under their supervision his works were pub. in 
 5 vols. 4to. The writings of Miss Berry, entitled England 
 and France, <fcc., were pub. by her in 2 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1844. 
 She defended Walpole from the strictures of Lord Mac- 
 aulay in Edin. Rev. In 1840 she ed. and pub. for the first 
 time Sixty Letters from Walpole to Herself and Sister. 
 
 Berry, Richard. Sermon, Dubl., 1672, foL 
 
 Berry, Robert. Works of Horace Walpole, 5 vols., 
 1798, r. 4to. 
 
 Berry, William, Clerk to the Register of the College 
 of Arms. An Introduction to Heraldry, Lon., 1810, 8vo. 
 History of the Island of Guernsey, from the remotest 
 period of antiquity to the year 1814; with Particulars of 
 the neighbouring Islands of Alderney, Serk, and Jersey, 
 1815, 4to. Genealogica Antiqua; or Mythological and 
 Classical Tables, Lon., 1816, fol. Genealogia Sacra, or 
 Scripture Tables, Lon., 1819, 4to. 
 
 " Chiefly confined to the patriarchs and descendants of our first 
 parents, with references. . . . The chronological dates are taken 
 from Blair, Usher, and others. An alphabetical index is subjoined, 
 which facilitates reference to this unassuming publication." 
 T. H. HORNE. 
 
 Encyclopedia Heraldica, or Complete Dictionary of 
 Heraldry ; with the Supplement, 4 vols. 4to, 1828-40. 
 
 "The best modern dictionary of heraldry: it embraces the 
 greater part of Edmondson and others." 
 
 Pedigrees of Berks, Bucks, and Surrey Families, 1837, 
 fol., 5 5s. Do. Essex Families, 1841, fol., 2 15s. Do. 
 Hampshire Families, 1833, fol., 6 6s. Do. Hertford 
 shire Families, 1844 and '46, fol., 3 10*. Do. Kent 
 Families, 1830, fol., 6 6s. Do. Sussex Families, 1830, 
 fol., 6 6s. 
 
 Bert, Ed. Treatise of Hawkes and Hawking, Lon., 
 1619, 4to. 
 
 Bertezen, S. Food for Silk-worms, Lon., 1789, 8vo. 
 
 Bertie, Willoughby, Earl of Abingdon, 1740-1799. 
 Thoughts on Mr. Burke's Letter to the Sheriffs of Bristol, 
 on American Affairs, Oxf., 1777, 8vo; 6th ed. enlarged, 
 1780. Letter to Lady Loughborough, (ascribed to him.) 
 Many editions, 1789. Speech on the Abolition of the Slave 
 Trade, 1793,8vo. 
 
 "One of the most steady and intrepid assertors of liberty in this 
 age." Editor of Wttkes's Speeches. 
 
 Berton, William, flourished about 1381, a divine, 
 and Chancellor of the University of Oxford, was a zealous 
 opponent of Wickliffe. 1. Determinationes contra Vicle- 
 vum. 2. Sententia a super justa ejus Condemnatione. 
 3. Contra ejus Articulos. Bale and Pits give very dif 
 ferent opinions of his character. 
 
 Bertram, Charles, an English antiquary, Professor 
 of the English language in the Royal Marine Academy of 
 Copenhagen. Ethics, or Select Thoughts from several 
 Authors, the words accented to render the English pro 
 nunciation easy to foreigners. Britannicarum Gentium 
 Historiae Antiquse Scriptures tres, Ricardus Corinensis 
 Gildas Badonicus Nennius Banchorensis recensuit 
 Notisque et Indice auxit Car. Bertramus, Haun. 1757, 8vo. 
 Stukeley, to whom Bertram communicated a copy of the 
 MS., pub. an edit, of the first treatise in the above work 
 in London. Its authenticity has been much doubted. 
 
 1*1 
 
BER 
 
 BET 
 
 Berwick, Marshal, Duke of, 1670-1734, illegiti 
 mate son of James II. (when Duke of York) and Arabella 
 Churchill. Memoirs, written by himself, with a continua 
 tion, pub. by the Duke of Fitz-James, trans, from the 
 French, (Paris, 1778, 2 vols. 13mo,) Lon., 1779, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Berwick, Edward. Theolog. and Biographical 
 Works, Lon., 1809, '11, '13, '15, 'IT. 
 
 Berwick, John, D.D. Deceivers Deceived, Serm., 
 1661, 4to. 
 
 Bery, John. Sermon, Lon., 1617, 4to. 
 Besodun, or Beston, John, Prior of the monastery 
 of Carmelite Friars at Lynn, in Norfolk, graduated at 
 Cambridge and Paris. 1. Super Universalia Holcothi. 
 2. Compendium Theologies. 3. Determinationum Liber. 
 4. Sacrarum Concionum Liber. 5. Sermones in Evangelia. 
 6. Sermones in Epistolas. 7. Lecturae Sacrae Scripturae. 
 8. Rudimenta Logices. 9. De Virtutibus et Vitiis oppo- 
 sitis. 10. Epistolarum Libri Duo. 11. De Trinitate : and 
 another set of Sermons. Bale; Pita; Tanner ; Leland; 
 Hose's Biog. Diet. 
 
 " He was extremely well versed in natural philosophy, and a 
 considerable divine." LELAND. 
 
 " He was a very fluent and elegant preacher in his own language, 
 and an acute disputant in the schools." BALE. 
 
 " He used in his sermons to open and explain the fourfold sense 
 of the Scriptures with the utmost perspicuity." ALAN DE LYNN. 
 
 " He had a very happy genius and a solid judgment, and was 
 eminent for his piety and knowledge both in divine and human 
 learning ; he was highly applauded for his subtility in disputing, 
 and his eloquence in the pulpit." PITS. 
 Besombe, Robert. Sermon, 1634, 8vo. 
 Besse, Joseph. Collection of the Sufferings of the 
 People called Quakers, for the Testimony of a good Con 
 science, Lon., 1753, 2 vols. fol. The 1st vol. contains the 
 persecutions in the English Counties, alphabetically ar 
 ranged ; the 2d includes N. America, &c., the West Indies, 
 <fcc. Nearly half this work relates to America ; there is an 
 index of 100 pages of the names alone mentioned in the 
 work, very valuable for genealogical inquirers, Ac. 
 
 Best, George. A true Discovrse of the late Voyages 
 of Discouerie, for the finding of a passage to Cathaya, by 
 the North-weast, vnder the conduct of Martin Frobisher, 
 Generall; deuided into three bookes, Lon., 1578, 4to. 
 Jadis's Sale, No. 270, 8 10. 
 
 Best, Henry. The Christian Religion defended 
 against the Philosophers and Republicans of France, 
 Lon., 1793, 8vo. Sermon on John xx. 23, 1793, 8vo. 
 " The preacher seems earnestly desirous of restoring to the priest 
 hood the power of the keys." 
 
 Best, Matilda. An Original Poem, 1789, 4to. 
 Best, Hon. and Rev. Samuel. Theolog. Works, 
 Lon., 1836-52. 
 
 Best, Mrs. T. On the Prophecy of Hosea, Lon., 
 1831, 12mo. Tracts on Old and New Testament, 6 vols. 
 
 Best, Thos. Treatise on Angling, <fcc., Lon., 1787, 
 12mo. 
 
 Best, Thomas. Vindication of the Dissenters, Lon., 
 1795, 8vo. 
 
 Best, W. M. Evidence and Practice, 1849, 8vo. A 
 Treatise on Presumption of Law and Fact ; with the Theory 
 and Rules of Presumptive or Circumstantial Proof in Cri 
 minal Cases, Lon., 1844, 8vo. 
 
 " The author has executed a concise and well-digested treatise 
 upon a branch of the law of evidence which hitherto had been 
 treated in a loose and inartificial manner. He has availed him 
 self of the learning of the Continental jurists upon Presumption, 
 and his work throughout displays a thorough acquaintance with 
 the whole learning applicable to the subject." 
 
 Exposition of the Practice relative to the right to Begin 
 and right to Reply, in trials by Jury, and in appeals, at 
 Quarter Sessions, Lon., 1837, 8vo. 
 
 " This treatise contains a very ingenious inquiry into the prin 
 ciples which should govern the determination of the question ; 
 and the deductions of the author are given in clear language, 
 fully supported by the authorities advanced in favour of them. 
 The more abstruse part of the work, treating of the doctrine of 
 Presumption, is principally drawn from the treatises on evidence 
 by Mr. Phillips and Mr. Starkie; but the author has made good 
 use of the materials thus obtained." 
 
 Best, William. Sermons, 1734, '42, '46. 
 Beste, J. R. 1. The Wabash, 2 vols. p. 8vo, Lon., 
 1855. 2. Modern Society in Rome. 
 
 Betagh, William. Voyage round the World, begun 
 in the year 1719, Lon., 1728, 8vo. This will be found also 
 in vol. 1st of Harris's Collection of Voyages and Travels, 
 and the 14th vol. of Pinkerton's Collection includes the 
 Account of Peru. 
 
 Betham, John, D.D., d. 1701, a Roman Catholic di 
 vine, chaplain and preacher to James II. Annunciation ; 
 a Sermon on Luke i. 31, 1686, 4to. Catholick Sermons, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 
 182 
 
 Betham, Miss Matilda. Elegies, &c., Lon., 1798, 
 12mo. A Biographical Dictionary of the celebrated Wo 
 men of every Age and Country, Lon., 1804, 8vo. 
 
 " By the aid of Le Dictionnaire des Femrnes Celebres, and the 
 communications of several friends, Miss B. has furnished a volume 
 which, we doubt not, will be received with candour, and a due de 
 gree of approbation." 
 
 Poems, 1808, 8vo. Lay of Marie; a Poem, 1816, 8vo. 
 
 Betham, Philip. Trans, the Earl of Purtilias's Pre 
 cepts of War, Lon., 1544, 8vo. 
 
 Betham, Robert. National Vices the bane of So 
 ciety ; Fast Sermon on Rev. ii. 5, 1744, 4to. 
 
 Betham, Rev. William. Genealogical Tables of 
 the Sovereigns of the World, from the earliest to the pre 
 sent period, Lon., 1795, fol. 
 
 " A useful work, but much less valuable than Anderson's elabo 
 rate compilation, containing 715 Genealogical Tables, with an In 
 dex, pp. 5." LOWNDES. 
 
 The Baronetage of England, or the History of the Eng 
 lish Baronets, and such Baronets of Scotland as are of 
 English Families, with Genealogical Tables, and Engrav 
 ings of their Armorial bearings. Ipswich and Lcn., 5 vols., 
 1801-05, 4to. 
 
 " A very incorrect and imperfect work." 
 
 Betham, Sir William, 1779-1853, Ulster King-of- 
 Arms, <fcc., son of the preceding. 1. Irish Antiquarian 
 Researches, Dubl., 1826-27, 2 vols. 8vo, and Appendix. 
 
 "In his observations on the history of the Geraldines, Sir Wil 
 liam notices some very odd blunders of preceding writers, who fol 
 lowed legends rather than evidence in their compilations of the 
 histories of the ancient families of Ireland, by which they were 
 made nearly altogether unintelligible. In looking over Lodge's 
 Peerage and other Irish writers, and indeed Irish history gene 
 rally, we have felt the justice of this remark : it is a sad jumble of 
 contradictions." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 2. Dignities, Feudal and Parliamentary, 1830, vol. L, 
 8vo: all pub. 3. Origin and Hist, of the Constit. of England, 
 1830, 8vo. Commended by Prof. J. J. Park. 4. The Gael 
 and the Cymbri, 1834, 8vo. 5. Etruria Celtica : Etruscan 
 Lit. and Antiqs. Investigated, 1842, 2 vols. 8vo. For an 
 account of the learned labours of this industrious anti 
 quary, see Lon. Gent. Mag., Dec. 1853, 632. 
 
 Bethel, Slingsby. Political, Ac. treatises, 1681-97. 
 
 Bethell, Christopher, D. D., Bishop of Bangor. 
 Charges, 1816, Ac. An Apology for the Ministers of the 
 Church of England who hold the doctrine of Baptismal 
 Regeneration, in a Letter to the Rev. George Stanley 
 Faber, B.D., 1816. A General View of the Doctrine of 
 Regeneration in Baptism, Lon., 1822, 2d edit., with a pre 
 face against objections, 1836, 4th edit, revised, with an 
 Appendix, containing Remarks on Faber on Regenera 
 tion, 1845 ; 5th edit., 1850, 8vo. 
 
 Bethell, Samuel. Visitation Sermon, 1811, Svo. 
 
 Bethum, John. 1. Short View. 2. Essays, 1770-1. 
 Bethune, Alexander, 1804-1843, a native of Fife- 
 shire, Scotland, was the son of a farm-labourer. His bro 
 ther John, 1812-1839, was a native of " The Mount," once 
 the home of Sir David Lindsay. By the kindness of those 
 liberal patrons of literature who have done so much for 
 the improvement of the public mind William and Robert 
 Chambers of Edinburgh, Alexander Bethune made his 
 appearance as an author in 1835, by the publication of 
 two stories illustrative of Scottish Rural Life : (see Cham- 
 bers's Journal, 1835.) In 1838 appeared Tales and Sketches 
 of the Scottish Peasantry ; a small portion of this volume 
 was written by John Bethune, (see post.) It produced 
 about 20. Practical Economy Explained and Enforced, 
 in a Series of Lectures, by the brothers Alexander and 
 John, was pub. in 1809. In this year John died. The 
 Scottish Peasant's Fireside, a Series of Tales and Sketches 
 illustrating the Character of the Peasantry of Scotland, 
 made its appearance in 1843. In 1841 some Poems left 
 by John were pub. with a sketch of the author's life by 
 his brother. Alexander followed his brother to the grave 
 in 1843. William Crombie, author of Hours of Thought, 
 Ac., pub. in 1845 Memoirs of Alexander Bethune, cm- 
 bracing Selections from his Correspondence and Literary 
 Remains. 
 
 " The quantity of verse and prose which he [John Bethune] 
 produced, under the circumstances, was truly astonishing. 1 
 printed in full, they would occupy several volumes. As far as we 
 can judge from the specimens in the books which are before us, 
 the language was always correct, the lines smooth and flowing. 
 and the rhymes good: but of course he had little range of thought 
 or copiousness of diction, and further cultivation of mind would 
 probably have induced him to abandon poetry for prose." (From 
 an interesting article, to which we are indebted for the above par 
 ticulars, by Francis Bowen, in N. Amer. liev., vol. Ixvii., 1848.) 
 
 " The perusal of this book [Tales and Sketches of the Scottish 
 Peasantry, by Alexander Bethune] has affected us more than any 
 thing we have read for many years past, and has revived in our 
 bosom recollections of youth and rural manners, which, though 
 
BET 
 
 they may be dormant for a time, amid the engrossing cares of the 
 world, can never be obliterated, and can never die. . . . All is na 
 ture, all is real, because the author, instead of drawing out his 
 imagination, has written nothing but what he himself has seen or 
 known." Edinburgh Ohronicle. 
 
 Bethune, George W., D.D., b. 1S05, a minister of 
 the Dutch Reformed Church, is well known as an accom 
 plished scholar and eloquent pulpit orator. Dr. Bethune 
 is a native of the city of New York. He has been sta 
 tioned successively at Rhinebeck, Utica, Philadelphia, and 
 Brooklyn, in which latter city he now (1858) resides. Dr. 
 Bethune has been offered and has declined the chaplaincy 
 of the United States Military Academy at West Point, the 
 Chancellorship of the New York University, and the Pro 
 fessorship of Ecclesiastical History and Church Government 
 in the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Dutch Church. 
 He is author and editor of a number of volumes : A Word to 
 the Afflicted; British Female Poets; Lays of Love and 
 Faith; Fruit of the Spirit; History of a Penitent; Sermons; 
 Orations and Occasional Discourses, etc. His edition of 
 Walton's Complete Angler, with an exceedingly valuable 
 bibliographical preface, <fec., has been highly commended. 
 This work was compiled in the chance moments of relief 
 from graver studies. " I lost no time by it," the editor 
 remarked to the present writer, " for it was the occupation 
 of moments when others would have been looking out of 
 the windows." 
 
 " The American portion of the work," [The Complete Angler,] 
 remarks a critic, " so rich in rare scholarship, indicates both the 
 research and the sentiment desirable in a true brother of the angle. 
 There is always a dash of poetry in such men displaying itself 
 in a love of nature or a vein of sentiment. The latter predomi 
 nates in Dr. Bethune." 
 
 Lays of Love and Faith ; with other Poems. 
 " The songs in this volume are particularly melodious and ten 
 der, and there is a relish of mingled scholarship and fun in some 
 of the epigrams, most rare in these days. The Poems are intro 
 duced to the reader in a sonnet which so happily characterizes their 
 most characteristic qualities, that we quote it as more to the point 
 than any further remarks of our own : 
 " As one arranges in a simple vase 
 
 A little store of unpretending flowers, 
 
 So gathered I some records of past hours, 
 
 And trust them, gentle reader, to thy grace ; 
 
 Nor hope that in my pages thou wilt trace 
 
 The brilliant proof of high poetic powers ; 
 
 But dear memorials of my happy days, 
 
 When heaven shed blessings on my heart like showers; 
 
 Clothing with beauty even the desert place ; 
 
 Till I, with thankful gladness in my looks, 
 
 Turned me to God, sweet nature, loving friends, 
 
 Christ's little children, well-worn ancient books, 
 
 The charm of art, the rapture music sends ; 
 
 And sang away the grief that on man's lot attends." 
 
 New York Literary World. 
 
 A large number of Dr. Bethune's Sermons and Addresses 
 have been printed: among them are his annual discourses 
 before The Foreign Evangelical Society, The American 
 Sunday-School Union, The A. B. C. Foreign Missions, &c. 
 He has delivered Phi Beta Kappa Orations at Dartmouth, 
 Harvard, and Brown Universities, and Orations at Yale 
 and other Colleges. 
 
 Bethune, John. Allan of Olway, 1815, Svo. 
 
 Bethune, John. See BET-HONE, ALEXANDER. 
 ^ Betterton, Thomas, 1635-1710, a celebrated Eng 
 lish actor, wrote several dramatic pieces, and altered a 
 number for the stage. The Biog. Dramatica gives the fol 
 lowing list: 
 
 " 1. The Roman Virgin ; or Unjust Judge, T., 4to, 1679. 2 The 
 Revenge ; or a Match in Newgate. C., 4to, 1680. 3. The Prophetess ; 
 or the History of Dioclesian, Altered, 0., With a Masque, 4to. 1G90. 
 m n m f y the Fourth > with Th Humours of Sir John Falstaff, 
 
 JL.L.,4to 1,00. 5. The Amorous Widow; or, The Wanton Wife, 
 C., 4to, 1700. 6. Sequel of Henry the Fourth, Svo, N. D., [17191 
 . Ihe Bondman; or, Love and Liberty, T. C., Svo, 1719. 8 The 
 Woman made a Justice, Com., N. P. 
 
 " Of these we have not much more to say, than that, those which 
 are properly his own are not devoid of merit, and those which he 
 has only altered have received an advantage from his amendment." 
 
 Among other eloquent eulogies upon Mr. Betterton we 
 may refer to those of Colley Cibber, Anthony Aston, and 
 Addison. 
 
 " Such an actor as Mr. Betterton ought to be recorded with the 
 same respect as Roscius among the Romans. ... I have hardlv a 
 notion that any performance of antiquity could surpass the action 
 of Mr. Betterton in any of the occasions'in which he has appeared 
 on our stage." ADDISON: Taller. No. 167. 
 
 Betterton was an actor, as Shakspeare was an author, both 
 nthout competitors, formed for the mutual assistance and illus 
 tration of ,,,,-h other's genius." COLLEY CIBBER. 
 
 Bettesworth, Charles. Sermon, 1712, Svo. 
 
 tesworth, John. Educational works, 1778-87 
 163^ Historie of Titania and Thesevs, Lon., 
 
 "This has all the guise and manner in title, composition, and 
 to have appeared near half a century earlier." 
 
 BEV 
 
 See the account of this curious volume in the British 
 Bibliographer, ii. 436-437. 
 
 Betton, T. R., M.D. Trans. Regnault's Chemistry, 
 Phila., 1852, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Betts, John, M.D., Physician-in-Ordinary to Charles 
 II. De Ortu et Natura Sanguinis, Lon., 1669, 8vo. To 
 which was afterwards added Medicinal cum Philosopbia 
 Naturali consensus, Lon., 1692, Svo. 
 
 "After the first edit, of this book came out, it was reflected 
 upon by George Thompson, M.D., in his book entit. The True Way 
 of Preserving the Blood in its Integrity, &c., [Lon., 1670, 8vo.] Dr. 
 Betts also pub. Anatomia Thomae Parri, &c., which book was 
 drawn up by Dr. William Harvey." WOOD. 
 
 Betts, Joseph. Comets' Motions ; Phil. Trans., 1744. 
 
 Betts, Robert. Body of Divinity, drawn into a Table, 
 1636, 4to. 
 
 Betts, S. R. Admiralty Prac. in the Cts. of the U.S. 
 for the Southern District of New York, N.Y., 1838, Svo. 
 
 Betty, Jos. The Divine Institution of the Ministry, 
 and the Absolute Necessity of Church Govt., 1729, Svo. 
 
 Beulanius, a British divine and historian of the 7th 
 century, was the instructor of the celebrated Nennius, after 
 wards abbot of the monastery of Bangor. Beulanius is said 
 to have written a work entitled De Genealogiis Gentium. 
 
 Beulanius, Samuel, sou of the preceding, was born 
 in Northumberland and educated in the Isle of Wight. 
 
 " He was a man of a very humane and mild disposition, a good 
 historian, and well skilled in geometry. He gave an accurate 
 description of the Isle of Wight from his own observations, as well 
 as from the accounts of Ptolemy and Pliny." 
 
 He also wrote Annotations upon Nennius, a History of 
 the actions of King Arthur in Scotland, and an Historical 
 Itinerary. Leland is of opinion that he was a monk. 
 
 Bevan, Henry. Thirty Years' Residence in India. 
 Lon., 1839, 2 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 Bevan, Joseph Gurney, a writer of considerable 
 note, a member of the Society of Friends. 
 
 A Refutation of some of the most modern Misrepresen 
 tations of the Society of Friends, commonly called Qua 
 kers, with a Life of James Nayler, &c., Lon., 1800, Svo. 
 
 " Bevan is the ablest of the Quaker apologists. He writes with good 
 sense, good temper, and good feeling, and has for the most part di 
 vested himself of that vague and unsatisfactory mysticism in which 
 the Quaker advocates have embedded themselves." LOWNDES. 
 
 A Short Account of the Life and Writings of Robert 
 Barclay, Lon., 1802, 12mo. Memoirs of the Life of Isaac 
 Penington ; to which is added, a Review of his writings, 
 Lon., 1807, Svo. The Life of the Apostle Paul, as related 
 in the Scriptures, <fec., with select Notes, critical, explana 
 tory, and relating to Persons and Places, and a Map of the 
 Countries in which the Apostle travelled, Lon., 1807, Svo. 
 
 " The narrative of St. Paul's life is studiously related in the very 
 words of Scripture, having only such additional matter as is ne 
 cessary to introduce or connect the several parts. Attention, how 
 ever, has been paid to the task of selecting, from different parts of 
 the New Testament, such passages as belong to the regular chain 
 of the history. The notes are principally selected from the best 
 critics and commentators, and those which are geographical are 
 the most conspicuous, and stamp a real value on the work ; which, 
 though designed for young persons of his own religious communion, 
 (The Society of Friends,) may be studied with advantage by those 
 of every other class of Christians, especially such as have not many 
 commentators within their reach, ' without danger of finding any 
 thing introduced which can give the smallest bias towards any 
 principle that is not really and truly Christian.'" Home's Intro 
 duction ; British Critic, O. S. vol. xxxiii. 
 
 ' This work does credit to the talents and piety of the writer; 
 and is interesting as affording some explanation of the theological 
 sentiments of the Quakers." Orwie's Bib. Bibl. 
 
 A Reply to so much of the Sermon of H. P. Dodd as re 
 lates to the scruple of the Quakers against all Swearing, 
 Lon., 1806, Svo. Thoughts on Reason and Revelation, 
 particularly the Revelation of the Scriptures, Lon.,1810,8vo. 
 
 Bevan, Richard. Imprisonment for Debt, Lon ' 
 1781, Svo. 
 
 Bevan, Sylvanus. Con. to Phil. Trans., &c., 1743. 
 
 Bevan, Thomas. Lord's Prayer Expounded, Lon., 
 1673, 8vo 
 
 Bevans, John. A Defence of the Christian Doctrines 
 of the Society of Friends against the charge of Socini- 
 anism, <fcc.; to which is prefixed a Letter to J. Evans, Lon., 
 1805, Svo. 
 
 defence of the Societ y of Friends." 
 
 A Brief View of the Doctrines of the Christian Religion 
 as professed by the Society of Friends, Lon., 1811, 12mo. 
 A V indication of the Authenticity of the Narratives con 
 tained in the first Two Chapters of the Gospel of St. 
 Matthew and St. Luke, Ac. By a Layman, Lon., 1822, 
 Svo. 
 
 "In this very elaborate work the authenticity of Matt. 1. and ii. 
 and Luke i. and ii. are most satisfactorily vindicated from the ob 
 jections of the Editors of the Unitarian Version of the New Testa- 
 
BEV 
 
 ment; whose disingenuous alterations in successive editions of that 
 work are exposed in the Appendix." Hume's Intrnduction. 
 
 Sever, Thomas, LL.D., 1725-1781, Fellow of All j 
 Souls' College, Oxford, April 5, 1758, delivered lectures on j 
 Civil Law. In 1766 he pub. the introduction to the course | 
 under the title of A Discourse on the Study of Jurispru- j 
 deuce and the Civil Law, Lon., 4to. The History of the 
 Legal Polity of the Roman State ; and of the Rise, Pro 
 gress, and Extent of the Roman Laws, Lon., 1781, 4to. 
 
 " In this work he has made deep researches into the constitution 
 of the Roman State, and displays an extensive fund of learning, 
 connected with the investigation of the Civil Law " 
 
 " He was a better scholar than writer, and a better writer than 
 pleader." DR. COOTE. 
 
 " Bever's Legal Polity is a copious, and, we fear, a somewhat 
 tedious, work, which, however, is not destitute of merit. It was 
 translated into the German language by Volkel, who has corrected 
 many of his errors, for the author left many errors to correct. 
 Bever writes like a scholar and a man of ability, but he laboured 
 tinder the disadvantage of being, in a great measure, unacquainted ! 
 with the best civilians of the continent, more especially those of 
 recent date." DR. IRVING. 
 
 " He has. with great perspicuity, traced the progress of the civil 
 law through a series of near two thousand years. He intended, 
 in another volume, to have continued his history to a later period, 
 which never was carried into execution." Marvin's Legal Bill. 
 
 Beveridge, John, a native of Scotland, was in 1758 
 appointed Professor of Languages in the College and 
 Academy of Philadelphia. He pub. in 1715 a vol. of Latin 
 poems, entitled Epistolae familiares et alia qusedam mis- 
 cellaneae. 
 
 " In an address to John Penn he suggests that a conveyance to 
 him of some few acres of good land would be a proper return for 
 the poetic mention of the Penn family. The Latin hint was lost 
 upon the Englishman. The unrewarded poet continued to ply 
 the birch in the vain attempt to govern 70 or 80 ungovernable 
 
 Beveridge, Thomas. A Practical Treatise on the 
 Forms of Process ; containing the new regulations before 
 the Court of Sessions, inner House, outer House, and Bill 
 Chamber, the Court of Teinds and the Jury Court, Edin., 
 2 vols. 8vo, 1826. 
 
 " Mr. Beveridge's Treatise on the Forms of Judicial Proceedings 
 in Scotland, is the best manual of practice to which the lawyer, 
 practitioner, or student, can refer; and, indeed, it has superseded 
 every other publication in regard to our judicial procedure." 
 1 Edin. L. C. cxxxiii. 
 
 Beveridge, William, D.D., 1636-'37-170S, was a 
 native of Barrow, in Leicestershire, of which parish his 
 grandfather and brother were successively vicars. In 
 1653 he was admitted a sizar of St. John's College, Cam 
 bridge. He applied himself with so much assiduity to the 
 study of the oriental tongues, that at the age of 18, he com 
 posed (published when he was 20) a treatise on their great 
 utility, entitled De Linguarum Orientalium, praesertim 
 Hebraicae, Chaldaicae, Syriacae, Arabicae, et Samaritanae, 
 Prsestantia et Usu, cum Grammatica Syriaca, tribus Libris 
 tradita per G. Beveridgium, Lon., 1658, 8vo. This trea 
 tise was compiled for the use of those who desired to study 
 Walton's Polyglot. A 2d edit, of the treatise, and also 
 of the Syriac Grammar, was pub. in 1654. In 1660-61 he 
 received holy orders, and shortly afterwards was collated 
 by Bishop Sheldon to the vicarage of Baling, in Middle 
 sex. In this parish he remained for nearly 12 years. In 
 1669 he pub. his Institutionem Chronologicarum Libris duo 
 nna cum totidem Arithraetices Chronologicae Libellis, 4to. 
 " Professedly no more than a manual of the science of which it 
 treats, but extremely useful to those who wish to understand its 
 technical part, being clear of those obscurities by which Scaliger 
 and Petau had embarrassed it." 
 
 In 1672 he pub. his principal work, Synodicon, sive 
 Pandectae Canonum S. S. Apostolorum et Conciliorum ab 
 Ecclesia Graeca receptorum, Ac. This collection of the 
 Apostolic Canons, and of the Decrees of the Councils re 
 ceived by the Greek Church, together with the Canonical 
 Epistles of the Fathers, was pub. at Oxford in 2 large 
 folio volumes. 
 
 " A book to be referred to on matters relative to the doctrines 
 and discipline of the Church. Bp. Beveridire had a great attach 
 ment to antiquity, and thought the Apostolical Canons were com 
 posed near the end of the second century a much later date is 
 generally assigned to them." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 " Bishop Beveridge's notes contain much very learned exposition 
 of the canon law, and much instructive matter on other subjects 
 connected with the learning of the canons." VAN ESPEN. 
 
 In 1679 he pub. in Latin a vindication of the above- 
 named work, in answer to some observations of M. de 
 1'Arroque, pub. anonymously. In this year, also, he pro 
 ceeded to the degree of D.D. In 1674 he was collated by 
 Bishop Henchman, then Bishop of London, to the prebend 
 of Chiswick, and in 1681, Bishop Compton, successor to 
 Bishop Henchman, collated him to the Archdeaconry of 
 Colchester. He thus presented a remarkable instance of 
 the reception of preferment from three successive Bishops 
 
 BEV 
 
 of London. In 1691 he declined the see of Bath and 
 Wells, vacated by the deprivation of Dr. Thomas Ken, a 
 non-juror. In 1704 he was consecrated Bishop of St. 
 Asaph. Here, as in his former positions, he zealously la 
 boured for the increase of piety in the church. Sermons 
 were preached on Sunday evenings in some of the largest 
 churches ; the custom of weekly communion was revived ; 
 societies were established for the suppression of vice, and 
 "the poor had the gospel preached to them." Two socie 
 ties were established For Propagating the Gospel in 
 Foreign Parts, and Promoting Christian Knowledge, to 
 which the bishop left the principal part of his estate, and 
 which are this day (1858) carrying out his pious intentions. 
 Bishop Beveridge deservedly gained the title of " the great 
 reviver and restorer of primitive piety." To aid his clergy 
 in the duty to which he urged them of thoroughly ground-" 
 ing their people in the fundamentals of Christianity, he 
 prepared and sent to them The Church Catechism Ex- 
 olained ; for the Use of the Divines of St. Asaph, Lon., 
 1704, 4to; several times reprinted. After holding his see 
 for about three and a half years, this good man died in 
 tiis 71st year in his apartment in the cloister in Westmin 
 ster Abbey. He was a widower without children. He left 
 his library to St. Paul's, for the benefit of the clergy in 
 London. Among his other bequests is one intended to 
 revive the custom of daily public prayer. He bequeathed 
 to the curacy of Mount-Sorrel, and vicarage of Barrow, 
 Leicester, 20 per annum forever, on condition that 
 prayers be read morning and evening every day according 
 to the Liturgy of the Church of England, in the chapel 
 and parish church aforesaid. A few occasional sermons, 
 and the Exposition of the Catechism, are the only works 
 pub. by the bishop in English. But from his MSS. his 
 executor, Mr. Timothy Gregory, pub. a number of works : 
 Thesaurus Theologicus, or a complete system of Divinity, 
 Lon., 1710, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "This system is summed up in notes upon select places of the 
 Old and New Testaments ; wherein the sacred text is reduced un 
 der proper heads, explained and illustrated, with the opinions and 
 authorities of the ancient fathers, councils, <fcc." 
 
 Other editions, in 2 vols., 1816, '20, '23, '28. 150 Ser 
 mons and Discourses on several subjects, Lon., 1709-14, 
 12 vols. 12mo; 1720, 2 vols. fol. 
 
 " The Sermons of such as lips. Reynolds and Beveridge, of Mil- 
 ner, Richardson, Simeon, &c., will furnish more especially those 
 evangelical doctrines, which, clearly exhibiting salvation by Christ, 
 are alone eminently blessed of God in giving spiritual life to the 
 hearers." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 There have been several " Selections" pub. from the 
 bishop's sermons by Glasse, Dakins, <fec. Private Thoughts 
 upon Religion, digested into 12 Articles, with Practical 
 Resolutions framed thereupon, Lon., 1709, 8vo. Nume 
 rous editions. Written when only 23 years of age. 
 
 " Beveridge's Private Thoughts are most valuable, and fit to be 
 read by a young minister." DR. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 " They have been of inestimable service to the Church, from the 
 deep piety and devotion and evangelical sentiments of the excel 
 lent bishop." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 " His work is in a strain of popular yet close reasoning, proceed 
 ing from deep conviction of the radical truths of Christianity, and 
 a devotional spirit." WILLIAMS. 
 
 The Private Thoughts have been edited, with introduc 
 tory Essays, by Dr. Chalmers, 1828, Rev. H. Stebbing, 
 Ac. The latter adds the bishop's treatise on the Necessity 
 and Advantage of Frequent Communion, first pub. 1708, 
 8vo. A Defence of Sternhold's, Hopkins's, <fec., version 
 of the Book of Psalms, 1710, 12mo. Exposition of the 
 39 Articles. The English works of Bishop Beveridge 
 were for the first time collected and published in 9 vols. 
 8vo in 1824 by the Rev. Thomas Hartwell Home. Tho 
 greater part of the impression was destroyed by fire. 
 Since the publication of this edit, the MS. of the Exposi 
 tion of the last nine of the thirty-nine Articles was disco 
 vered, and edited by Dr. Routh. Another edit was pub. 
 in 12 vols. 8vo, Oxf., 1844-48 ; viz., vol. i.-vi., 1844-45, 
 Sermons. Vol. vii., 1845, On the Thirty-nine Articles. Vol. 
 viii., 1846, On the Church Catechism; Private Thoughts; 
 On Public Prayer; On Frequent Communion ; Defence of 
 Sternhold and Hopkins's Psalms. Vol. ix., x., 1847, The 
 saurus Theologicus. Vol. xi., xii., Codex canonum Eccle- 
 sise Primitivse Vindicatus ac illustratus; Indices and Ap 
 pendix. A more excellent person than Bishop Beveridge 
 does not adorn the Fasti of the English Church. 
 
 " Beveridge's Practical Works are much like Henry's, but not 
 equal to his." DR. DODDRIDGK. 
 
 " Beveridge was a very evangelical practical bishop, the chief 
 of whose works had the great disadvantage of posthumous publi 
 cation." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 " Those who are censorious enough to reflect with severity upon 
 the pious strains which are to be found in Bishop Beveridge, may 
 
BEV 
 
 possibly be good judges of an ode or essay, but do not seem to 
 criticise justly upon sermons, or express a just value for spiritual 
 
 th n Our l^rned and venerable bishop delivered himself with those 
 ornaments alone, which his subject suggested to him, and wrote j 
 in that plainness and solemnity of style, that gravity and simpli- | 
 city, which gave authority to the sacred truths he taught, and ( 
 unanswerable evidence to the doctrines he defended. There i 
 somethin" so great, primitive, and apostolical, m his writings, that 
 it creates an awe and veneration in our mind; the importance of 
 his subjects is above the decoration of words ; and what is great 
 and majestic in itself looketh most like itself, the less it is 
 adorned." DR. HENRY FELTON. 
 
 The author of one of the " Guardians" makes an extract 
 from one of the bishop's sermons, and remarks that 
 
 " It may for acuteness of judgment, ornament of speech, and 
 true sublimity, compare with any of the choicest writings of the 
 ancients who lived nearest to the Apostles' times." 
 
 Beverley, Charlotte. Poems, Lon., 1792, 8vo. 
 
 Beverley, John. Unus Reformationum sive Examen 
 Hoornbecki, &c., Lon., 1659, 8vo. 
 
 Beverley, John of. See JOHN OP BEVERLEY. 
 
 Beverley, Peter. The History of Ariodanto and 
 Jeneura, [daughter to the King of Scots; in English 
 verse,] Lon., by Thos. East, 12mo, sine anno; again, in 
 1600, with an altered title ; and see Warton's History of 
 English Poetry. Sold at the Gordonstoun sale for 31 10. 
 
 Beverley, R. M. A Letter to the Abp. of York, on 
 the present corrupt State of the Church of England, Svo; 
 12th edit., 1831. 
 
 " This popular tract, written in a bold, coarse, Cobbett-like style 
 of attack, deals forth the most sweeping and bitter censures on 
 the whole body of the national clergy. Several answers appeared." 
 LOWNDES. 
 
 The Posthumous Letters of the Rev. Rabshakeh Gath- 
 ercoal, late Vicar of Tuddington, now first published, with 
 Explanatory Notes, and dedicated to the Lord Bishop of 
 London, Lon., 1835, 12mo. This jeu d'esprit is generally 
 attributed to Mr. Beverley. 
 
 Beverley, Thomas, a Nonconformist minister of a 
 congregation at Cutler's Hall, London, pub. a number of 
 works upon the Prophecies and other subjects, 1670-1701. 
 We quote the titles of a few : The Prophetical History of 
 the Reformation to be performed in the year 1697, Lon., 
 1689, 4to. The late Revolution to be applied to the Spirit 
 now moving in fulfilling of all Prophecy, Lon. 1689, 4to. 
 The Command of God to his People to come out of Baby 
 lon, shewn to be a Command to come out of Papal Rome, 
 Lon., 1689, 4to. The Kingdom of Jesus Christ entering 
 its Succession at 1697 according to a Callender of Time, 
 1689, 4to. 
 
 " He fixed dates with great confidence, and lived to find his cal 
 culations erroneous. He held the doctrine of the pre-millennial 
 reign of Christ on earth." Cyc. Bibl. 
 
 See a list of his publications in Watt's Bib. Brit 
 
 Beverley, Thomas, Rect. of Lilley, in Hertford 
 shire. Discourses on the Principles of Protestant Truth 
 and Peace, Lon., 1683, 4to. 
 
 Beverly, John. Political Tracts, 1784-93, 1806-11. 
 
 Beverly, Robert, d. 1716, a native of Virginia, was 
 clerk of the council about 1697, when Andros was go 
 vernor. History of the Present State of Virginia, Lon., 
 1705, Svo; in 4 parts, embracing the first settlement of 
 Virginia, and the government thereof to time when written. 
 An edit, was pub. with Gribelin's 14 cuts in 1722, and a 
 French trans., with plates, 1707. Meusel erroneously ex 
 plains " R. B." in the frontispiece to signify R. Bird in 
 stead of Beverly. 
 
 <; This work in the historical narration is as concise and unsatis 
 factory as the history of Stith is prolix and tedious." Allen's Amer. 
 Biog. Diet. 
 
 " This work contains many pertinent remarks." LOWNDES. 
 
 " A work of considerable merit, particularly relative to the nu 
 merous Indian Tribes, then resident in the State, but now extir 
 pated or greatly diminished." PINKERTON. 
 
 Beverton, Simon. Sermon, 1717, 8vo. 
 
 Bevill, Robert, of the Inner Temple. A Treatise 
 on the Law of Homicide, etc., 1799, 8vo. 
 
 "Surely such a publication must be considered as unnecessary, 
 when the Profession possesses the able and comprehensive trea 
 tises of Chief Justice Hale and Sergeant Hawkins on the Pleas of 
 the Crown. The useless multiplication of law-books is an evil of 
 which we have frequent cause to complain ; and we shall persevere 
 in expressing our disapprobation, till the nuisance be in some mea 
 sure removed." Lon. Monthly Review, 1799. 
 
 What would the indignant reviewer say if he were liv 
 ing now ? And how ill could we afford to lose the legal 
 lore of the last half century ! 
 
 Bevin, Elway, an eminent English musician, flou 
 rished in the reigns of Queen Elizabeth and James I pub 
 a Briefe and Short Instruction of the Art of Musicke to 
 teach how to make Discant of all Proportions that are in 
 use, Ac., 1631, 4to. 
 
 BIC 
 
 " Before Bevin's time the precepts for the composition of canons 
 were known to few. Tallis, Bird, Waterhouse, and Farmer were 
 eminently skilled in this most abstruse part of musical practice. 
 Every canon, as given to the public, was a kind of enigma. Com 
 positions of this kind were sometimes exhibited in the form of a 
 cross, sometimes in that of a circle ; there is now extant one re 
 sembling a horizontal sun-dial, and the resolution (as it was 
 called) of a canon, which was the resolving it into its elements, 
 and reducing it into score, was deemed a work of almost as great 
 difficulty as the original composition." Haivldns's Hist, nf Music. 
 
 Bevis, John, 1695-1771, an eminent astronomer, was 
 a native of Wiltshire. He pub. in 1767 an Inquiry con 
 cerning the Mineral Waters at Bagnigge Wells, and con 
 tributed a number of articles to the Phil. Trans., 1737-69. 
 
 Bewick, Benj. Earthquake at Cadiz, Phil. Trans. 
 1755. 
 
 Bewick, John. Theolog. works, Lon., 1642, '44, '60. 
 
 Bewick, Thomas, 1753-1828. This eminent en 
 graver may claim a place amongst authors from his hav 
 ing written some of the descriptions in his History of 
 British Birds, Ac., and from his MS. Memoirs of himself 
 and family, which are said to be written "with great 
 naivete, and full of anecdote." 
 
 " I have seen how his volumes are loved, and treasured, and 
 reverted to, time after time, in many a country-house ; the more 
 familiar, the more prized ; the oftener seen, the oftener desired." 
 W. HnwiWs Rural Life in Eng. 
 
 " Open the work where ye will, only look at the bird, his atti 
 tude, his eye is he not alive ? I actually and ardently aver, that 
 I have gazed till I have readily imagined motion, ay, colour! . . . 
 Each bird, too, has his character most physiognomically marked. 
 . . . The moral habits of each are as distinctly marked as had he 
 painted portraits of individuals for Lavater." From a very inte 
 resting account of Bewick and his methods ofworldng by J. F. M. Do- 
 vaston, in London's Mag. of Nat. Hist., vols. ii. and iii. 
 
 See a descriptive Catalogue of the Works of Messrs. 
 Bewick appended to the Select Fables ; Newcastle, 1820, 
 8vo ; also refer to Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual. 
 
 Bewicke, Robert. Tables of Exchanges, 2 vols. 
 4to, Lon., 1802. 
 
 Bewley, Richard, M.D. A Treatise on Air, Lon., 
 1791, 8vo, 
 
 " This Doctor Bewley has so warmly espoused the theory, and 
 has so perfectly hit off the peculiar (we had almost said the inimi 
 table) style and manners of our old acquaintance, Doctor Harring 
 ton, that we suspect he is no other than Dr. H. himself; who, pos 
 sibly, thinks, under the fictitious sanction of a respectable name, 
 to obtain greater attention than he could, perhaps, have attracted 
 under his own." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Bibaud, Francois Marie Uncas Maximilian, 
 LL.D., born in Montreal, Canada, 1824, Law Professor 
 in the Jesuits' College, Montreal. Distinguished Canadian 
 writer. Among his numerous works are the following : 
 Six Indian Biographies in the Encyclopedic Canadienne, 
 1843. Sixty-four articles in the Melange Re"ligieuse of 
 Montreal, 1845. Biographie des Sagamos Illustres de 
 1'Amerique Septentrionale, Precedee d'un Index de 1'His- 
 toire fabuleuvse de ce Continent, Montreal, Lowell & Gib 
 son, 1848, 8vo. Catechisme de 1'Histoire du Canada, a 
 1'usage des 6coles, Montreal, 1853, 18mo, &c. &e. 
 
 Bibaud, Michel, born at Montreal in 1782. Al 
 though a British subject, his works have all been written 
 in the French language. La Bibliotheque Canadienne, 5 
 vols. 8vo. L'Observateur, 2 vols. 8vo. Le Magasin du Bas- 
 Canada, 8vo. L'Encyclope"die Canadienne, 8vo. L'His- 
 toire du Canada sous la Domination Francaise History 
 of Canada under the English Dominion, vol., 1. 
 1 Bibb, George M. Reports of Cases at Common 
 Law and in Chancery in the Court of Appeals of Ken 
 tucky, 1808-17, 4 vols. 8vo ; Frankfort, Ky., 1815-17. 
 
 Biber, G. E., LL.D., perpetual Curate of Roch- 
 ampton. English Church on the Continent, Lon., 1846, 
 12mo. Sermons, Occasional and for Saints' Days, 1846, 
 8vo. Standard of Catholicity, 1840, 8vo. Supremacy 
 Question, 8vo. Vindication of the Church, Svo. Bishop 
 Blomfield and his Times, Svo. 
 
 Bicheno, J. E. Observations on the Philosophy of 
 Criminal Jurisprudence, &c., Lon., 1819, Svo. The Poor 
 Laws, p. Svo. Ireland and its Economy, 1829, p. 8vo. 
 Bicheno, James. Theolog. works, Lon., 1787-1810. 
 Bickerstaff, Isaac, born probably about 1735, was 
 a native of Ireland. At one time he held a commission as 
 an officer of Marines. He was the author of many come 
 dies, farces, &c., which were great favourites with the pub 
 lic: 1. Leucothe, 1756. 2. Thomas and Sally, Ac., 1760. 
 3. Love in a Village, 1763. 4. Judith, 1764. 5. The Maid 
 of the Mill, 1765. 6. Daphne and Amintor, 1765. 7. 
 The Plain Dealer, 1766. 8. Love in the City, 1767. 9. 
 Lionel and Clarissa, 1768. 10. The Absent Man, 1768. 
 11. The Royal Garland, 1768. 12. The Padlock, 1768. 
 13. The Hypocrite, 1768. 14. The Ephesian Matron, 1769. 
 15. Dr. Last in his Chariot, 1760. 16. The Captive, 1769. 
 
 185 
 
BIG 
 
 BID 
 
 17. A School for Fathers, 1770. 18. 'Tis Well it's no 
 Worse, 1770. 19. The Recruiting Sergeant, 1770. 20. 
 He Would if he Could, Ac., 1771. 21. The Sultan, 1775. 
 To him also has been ascribed, 22. The Spoiled Child, 
 1805. Biog. Dramat. Mr. BickerstaflTs pieces present a 
 combination of excellencies seldom found in conjunction. 
 Bickersteth, Edward, 1786-1850, a native of Kirk- 
 by Lonsdale, practised as a lawyer in Norwich from 1812 
 to 1815. He took holy orders in the latter year, and be 
 came a zealous labourer in connection with The Church 
 Missionary Society and other useful departments of Chris 
 tian effort He continued in London until 1830, when he 
 was presented to the living of Walton, where he proved 
 himself a most laborious and useful parish minister. He 
 died at Walton in 1850. Mr. Bickersteth published a num 
 ber of valuable theological works, some of which we pro 
 ceed to notice. A uniform edition of his principal works, 
 in 17 vols. fp. 8vo, was pub. in 1853. It comprises Chris 
 tian Truth, The Christian Student, Scripture Help, Treat, 
 on the Lord's Supper, Treat, on Prayer, The Chief Concerns 
 of Man, Family Expositions of the Epistles of St. John and 
 St. Jude, Christian Hearer's Family Prayers, Signs of the 
 Times in the East, Promised Glory of the Church, Restora 
 tion of the Jews, Practical Guide to the Prophecies, Treat, 
 on Baptism, The Divine Warning to the Church, &c. To 
 these 17 vols. must be added the 5 vols. of his smaller works. 
 The Scripture Help, designed to assist in reading the 
 Bible profitably, has long proved a most useful manual : 
 
 " This work is professedly a practical introduction to the read 
 ing of the Scriptures. The sale of 30,000 copies of the large edi 
 tions, and of more than 130,000 copies qf the 12mo and 18mo 
 abridgments, sufficiently attests the high estimation in which this 
 manual is deservedly held. It has been translated and published 
 in the French and modern Greek languages." Home's Introduction. 
 Since the above was written, a large number of copies 
 have been sold. The Christian Student, designed to assist 
 Christians in general in acquiring Religious Knowledge; 
 with Lists of Books adapted to the various Classes of So 
 ciety; 4th edit, corrected, 1844. 
 
 " A most valuable little work, to which the compiler of these pages 
 is under the greatest obligations." Lowndes's British Librarian. 
 A Discourse on Justification by Faith, <fcc., 1827. 
 " It is a plain, judicious, and practical discourse." LOWNDES. 
 A Treatise on the Lord's Supper. 
 
 " Seven editions of this popular and truly excellent treatise have 
 been published. It is divided into two parts the first is designed 
 to explain the doctrines connected with that ordinance; and the 
 second to assist the communicant in devoutly receiving it. It 
 likewise forms a portion of the Christian's Family Library." 
 
 " Mr. Bickersteth's Sermons are excellent. They are plain and 
 simple ; there is nothing ambitious or high-wrought about them, 
 and they are throughout very scriptural." Presb. Rev. 
 
 A Practical Guide to the Prophecies, with reference to 
 their Interpretation and Fulfilment, and to Personal Edi 
 fication, 6th edit, enlarged, Lon., 1839. 
 
 " A most trustworthy guide ; it is the completest and most com 
 prehensive manual upon the subject extant, and the tone in which 
 it is written is altogether Christian. It forms an admirable text 
 book for the students of prophecy." LOWNDES. 
 
 " The fact that, within a few years, Mr. Bickersteth's Guide has 
 reached & fifth edition, is of itself sufficient to prove the command 
 ing attitude which it maintains. The popularity of the work, 
 however, is in some measure to be attributed to the deservedly 
 high standing of the pious and zealous author among the mem 
 bers of his own communion, and the deeply practical character 
 with which he has succeeded in investing the topics of discussion. 
 Bating this feature, which we cannot too highly commend, we are 
 sorry in being obliged to give it as our opinion, that we consider 
 the writer to have greatly retrograded in his views since la.st he 
 :ame under our notice. He now believes in a premillennial per 
 sonal advent of Christ, and that he will so dwell on earth as to be 
 visible in his glory; and so important does he regard the doctrine, 
 that he scruples not to designate it the generation truth. He ex 
 pects a personal, visible, by which we suppose he means an indi 
 vidual, antichrist, to head the last apostasy. He is of opinion, 
 that the Jews, when converted, are to be the eminently successful 
 missionaries to the Gentiles, and are those for whom their univer 
 sal conversion is reserved. He thinks that the first resurrection 
 (Rev. xx.) is a literal rather than a spiritual one. He has given 
 up the views which he formerly entertained respecting a merely 
 spiritual and universal kingdom of Christ. His notions of Hades, 
 p. 313, seem very different from what we believe he once taught 
 respecting the glory of that state of blessedness to which believers 
 are at death immediately admitted. Whatever edification its readers 
 may derive from the pious tone and practical character of the 
 book, certain we are, it will be found a very unsafe guide to the 
 just apprehension of the meaning of Scripture prophecy." Evan 
 gelical Mag., 1838. 
 
 The Christian Fathers of the First and Second Centu 
 ries, edited by E. B., Lon., 1838. This work contains their 
 principal remains at large, with selections from their other 
 writings. The Letters of the Martyrs ; collected and pub. 
 in 1564, with a Preface by Miles Coverdale, and with in 
 troductory Remarks by E. B., Lon., 1837, 8vo. 
 The Christian's Family Library, 40 vols. 12mo: con- 
 186 
 
 , Hist., Pract., and Devotional Works, Ori 
 ginal and Selected. Mr. B. also edited The Harmony of 
 the Gospels, Christian Psalmody, and the Walton Tracts. 
 
 " Mr. Bickersteth is justly entitled to rank among the most use 
 ful writers of the present day. His name is no inconsiderable 
 recommendation of any work, and no slight security for its ex 
 cellence." 
 
 Bickerton, G. Accurate Disquisitions in Physic 
 Lon., 1719, 8vo. 
 
 Bickham, George. First Principles of Heraldry 
 Lon., (1742,) 8vo. 
 
 " A work of no value, consisting of pp. 12. The title as well as 
 the whole book is engraved." LOWNDES. 
 
 Universal Penman, Lon., 1743, fol., engraved. British, 
 Monarchy, Lon., 1748. Other works. 
 
 Bicknell, Alex. Hist, and Poet, Works, Lon., 1777-92. 
 
 Bicknell, J. L. Proceedings against G. Wilson, Svo. 
 
 Bicknoll, Edm. Sworde against Swaryng, Lon., Svo. 
 
 Biddle, Charles J., b. 1819, at Philadelphia, son of 
 Nicholas Biddle, served in the United States Army durin 
 the war with Mexico; wrote The Case of Major Audre^ 
 in Memoirs of Historical Society of Penna., vol. vi. : see 
 MAHON, PHILIP HENRY, LORD, No. 3, p. 1204, (post.) 
 
 Biddle, Clement Cornell, 1784-1854, edited Po 
 litical Economy, from the French of J. B. Say, by C. R. 
 Prinsep, Bost., 1821, 2 vols. Svo ; last ed., Phila., 1851, 
 8vo. Commended by Dugald Stewart, 1824. 
 
 Biddle, John, 1615-1662, a noted Socinian writer, 
 was born at Wootton-under-Edge, in Gloucestershire, and 
 educated at Magdalen College, Oxford. After suffering 
 imprisonment for his publications, he was banished by 
 Cromwell to the castle at St. Mary's, one of the Scilly 
 Islands. He was restored to liberty in 1658, and returned 
 to London. When only 19 he pub. Virgil's Bucolicks 
 Englished; whereunto is added The Translation of the 
 First Two Satyrs of Juvenal, Lon., 1634, Svo. In 1647 
 he pub. Twelve Arguments on Questions drawn out of the 
 Scripture, wherein the commonly received Opinion touch 
 ing the Deity of the Holy Spirit is clearly and fully Re 
 futed, Lon., 4to. This work caused his imprisonment, and 
 he was summoned to the bar of the House of Commons, 
 by which a resolution was passed, 
 
 " That the house being acquainted with a blasphemous Pamphlet 
 in print, entitled, &c. by John Biddle, Master of Arts, all printed 
 copies should be seized and burned by the common hangman, ia 
 Cheapside and at Westminster." 
 
 In 1648 he pub. A Confession of Faith touching the 
 Holy Trinity, according to Scripture ; for this and another 
 work, The Testimony of the Fathers to these Doctrines, 
 the author was sentenced to death. This sentence was 
 not put in execution, but he was again imprisoned. The 
 Confession of Faith was reviewed by Nic. Estwick, B.D., 
 Lon., 1656, 4to. In 1654 he pub. A Brief Scripture Cate 
 chism, Lon., Svo. This was answered by Dr. John Oweu 
 in his Vindicije Evangelicse ; or the Mystery of the Gospel 
 Vindicated against the Socinians, &c., Oxf., 1655, 4to. 
 Cloppenburgius also attacked Biddle in his Vindicice pro 
 Deitate Spiritus Sancti; adversus Joan.Bidellum Anglum. 
 Francf., 1652, 4to, etc. Biddle also pub. A Twofold Scrip 
 ture Catechism, Lon., 1654, 12mo, and History of the 
 Unitarians, also called Socinians, and some comments on 
 the Revelation. See his Life by Rev. Joshua Toulmin, 
 (1789, 8vo,) who styles him the Father of the English 
 Unitarians. 
 
 " He had in him a sharp and quick judgment, and a prodigious 
 memory ; and being very industrious withal, was in a capacity of 
 devouring all he read. He was wonderfully well versed in the 
 Scriptures, and could not only repeat all St. Paul's epistles in Eng 
 lish, but also in the Greek tongue, which made him a ready dis- 
 Sutant. He was accounted by those of his persuasion a sober man 
 i his discourse, and to have nothing of impiety, folly, or scur 
 rility to proceed from him : Also, so devout, that he seldom or 
 never prayed without being prostrate or flat on the ground/' 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Biddle, Nicholas, 1786-1844, a native of Philadel 
 phia, and graduate of Princeton College, was an energetic 
 member of the legislature of Pennsylvania, and held the 
 post of President of the United States Bank from 1823 to 
 1839. Mr. Biddle's literary taste was of a hi<rh order. 
 He edited for some time the Philadelphia Port-Folio, and 
 contributed many articles to its pages. He compiled from 
 the original papers a history of Lewis and Clarke's expe 
 dition to the Pacific Ocean, and prepared by request of 
 the President of the United States a volume put forth by 
 Congress, entitled Commercial Digest, &c. A number 
 of his Essays, Speeches, Ac. have been given to the 
 world, and evince great vigour of mind and classical taste 
 of no ordinary character. A well-written biographical 
 sketch of Mr. Biddle, by Judge Robt. T. Conrad, of Phila., 
 will be found in the American National Portrait Gallery. 
 
BID 
 
 Riddle, Owen. Astronom. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1769, 
 and to Trans. Amer. Soc., 1789. 
 
 Biddle, Richard, 1796-1847, brother of Nicholas, 
 was eminent as an author, a jurist, and a statesman. A 
 Review of Captain Basil Hall's Travels in North America 
 in the Years 1827 and 1828, by an American, 1830, Svo. 
 A Memoir of Sebastian Cabot ; with a Review of the His 
 tory of Maritime Discovery, illustrated by Documents 
 from the Rolls, now first published, Phila. and Lon., 1831, 
 Svo : Lon., 1832 : anon. 
 
 " A most elaborate and successful examination into the records 
 of the past, for the sake of doing justice to the character of an 
 eminent man, whose merits have been strangely overlooked by 
 most historians and biographers. The author has accomplished 
 lu< t;i*k with signal ability, and has dispelled the darkness which 
 prejudice and carelessness had suffered to gather over the fair fame 
 of a great navigator." See a review of this work by Mr. G. S. 
 Hillard in the N. American Review, xxxiv. 405. 
 
 See also Westm. Rev., xvi. 22; Lon. Month. Rev., cxxv. 
 514; Lon. Athenaeum, 1847, 939. 
 
 Biddulph, Thomas Tregenna, 1763-1838, was a 
 native of Claines in Worcestershire. He was of Queen's 
 College, Oxford; B. A., 1784; M. A., 1787. He was or 
 dained deacon 1785, priest, 1788. He was minister of St. 
 James's from 1798 until his death in 1838. His character 
 commended him to the love and esteem of all men. 
 
 Practical Essays on the Morning and Evening Services 
 and Collects in the Liturgy, 1799, 12mo, 5 vols. 2d edit., 
 1810, 3 vols. 3d edit., 1822, Svo, 3 vols. 
 
 " The whole are distinguished for their spirit of piety and at 
 tention to practical utility." British Critic. 
 
 " These Essays have already received a very honourable testi 
 mony from the British Critic; such, however, is the importance of 
 their object, and the ability with which that object is pursued by 
 their author, that we are anxious to introduce and recommend 
 them to those of our readers who may not be already acquainted 
 with them." London Christian Observer. 
 
 "These Essays have been read with pleasure and improvement 
 by many whose opinions do not altogether accord with those of 
 Mr. Biddulph." London Quarterly Review. 
 
 Letter to John Hay, 1801, Svo. An Appeal to the Public 
 Impartiality, 1801, Svo. Sermons, 1801, '3, '4, '5. Bap 
 tism a Seal of the Christian Covenant, &c., (in opposition 
 to Dr. Mant,) 1816, Svo. See Considerations on the Doc 
 trine of Baptism, and on Conversion, as connected with 
 the Evang. Discharge of the Pastoral Function, Lon., 1816, 
 Svo. This is a Review of the publications of the Rev. 
 Dr. Mant, and Messrs. Biddulph, Scott, and Bugg, re 
 printed from the Eclectic Review for May and June, 1816. 
 
 Search after Truth in Holy Scriptures, Bristol, 1818, Svo. 
 Lectures on the Divine Influence or Operations of the Holy 
 Spirit, Bristol, 1824, Svo. 
 
 " Many valuable and excellent remarks on the history of the 
 influence of the Spirit." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 An Essay on the Doctrine of the First Resurrection, 
 Lon., 1834, Svo. 
 
 " Though the author has come to a diiferent conclusion, he gladly 
 records that the strength of the argument for a spiritual resurrec 
 tion is here stated in the meekness of wisdom and love." BICKER 
 STETH. 
 
 The Doctrine of Baptismal Regeneration as it has been 
 stated in some recent tracts, weighed in the Balance 
 of the Sanctuary. In three Dialogues, Lon., 1837, Svo. 
 The Young Churchman Armed; a Catechism for junior 
 members of the Church of England, Lon., 1836, ISrno. 
 Plain and Practical Sermons, intended chiefly for Family 
 Reading and Parochial Libraries. Three series, Lon., 1838, 
 12mo. Theology of the Ancient Patriarchs, (a defence of 
 the Hutchinsonian Philosophy,) 2 vols. Svo. Inconsist 
 ency of Conformity to the World, 12mo. Lectures on 
 Psalm li. 12mo. 
 
 Biddulph, Will, and Pet. Travels of four Eng 
 lishmen and a Preacher into Africa, Asia, Troy, Bythinia, 
 Thracia, and to the Black Sea ; and into Syria, &c., Lon., 
 1612, 4to; Black letter. Gordonstoun, 383, 4 5s. 
 
 Bidingfield, James, Surgeon. A Compendium of 
 Medical Practice ; illustrated by Cases, 1816, Svo. 
 
 Bidlake, John, 1755-1814, born at Plymouth, edu 
 cated at Christ Church, Oxford, and head-master of the 
 Grammar School at Plymouth. He pub. a number of ser 
 mons, poems, <fec., 1787-1813. Sermons on various Sub 
 jects, 3 vols, 1795, Svo. 
 
 " Agreeable effusions of pulpit oratory." LOWNDES. 
 
 Dr. Drake, a good authority, speaks highly of Bidlake's 
 poems. 
 
 Bidulph, Miss Sidney. Memoirs, 1760, 3 vols, 12mo. 
 
 Bidwell, R. Covenant of Grace, Lon., 1657, 12mo. 
 
 Bielefeld, C. F. Treatise on Papier Mach6 for 
 Decorations, Lon., 4to, 2 2. 
 
 Bieston, Roger. Bayte and Snare of Fortune, Lon., 
 fol., Sykes, 3 10. ; Inglis, 17. 
 
 BIG 
 
 Bifield. See BYFTELD. 
 
 Bigelow, Andrew, of Massachusetts. Leaves from 
 a Journal ; or, Sketches of Rambles in some parts of North 
 Britain and Ireland in 1817; Bost. 1821, Svo. 
 
 " We have read these Sketches with great and increasing plea* 
 sure, and we know of few works of a similar character executed 
 in a happier manner. The style is original, chaste, and classical ; 
 and the manner lively, buoyant, and what some critics would call 
 refreshing. His Excursion from Edinburgh to Dublin will hear 
 to be read over and over again with renewed pleasure and delight. 
 So will also his Tour to Loch. Katrine and the Grampians ; his 
 Visit to the Grave of Colonel Gardiner ; his Pilgrimage to Melrose 
 and Dryburgh Abbey; but particularly his Day in Lorn. The lat 
 ter is exquisitely romantic ; and whoever can read it without plea 
 sure, can never hope to derive pleasure from works of a descriptive 
 and romantic character." European Magazine. 
 
 This work has also been favourably noticed in the Lite 
 rary Gazette; Literary Chronicle; La Belle Assemblee; 
 Month. Mag., <fcc. <fcc. Travels in Malta and Sicily, 1831, 
 Svo. Commended in Prescott's Philip II., 1856, ii. 504. 
 
 Bigelow, Artemas, b. 1818, in Mass.; grad. Wes- 
 leyan Univ. ; botanist and scientific writer. Contrib. Sand 
 stone Formation of Alabama, in Silliman's Journal, &c. 
 
 Bigelow, George Tyler, and George Bemis. 
 Report of the Trial of Abner Rogers for Murder, Boston, 
 1844, Svo. 
 
 Bigelow, Jacob, M.D., LL.D., b. 1787, at Sudbury, 
 Mass.; graduated at Harvard College, 1806; Rumford Pro 
 fessor, and Lecturer on Materia Medica and Botany, in. 
 Harvard University since 1816. Florula Bostoniensis : a 
 Collection of Plants of Boston and its Environs, &c., Boston, 
 1814, Svo; 2d ed., greatly enlarged, Boston, 1824, 8vo; 3d 
 ed., enlarged, Boston, 1840, 12mo, pp. 468. American 
 Medical Botany, Cambridge, Mass., 1817-21, r. Svo, 3 vols., 
 1817. See Lon. Phil. Mag. for 1817. 
 
 " We have no hesitation in saying explicitly that the work just 
 analyzed has advanced the science to which it has been devoted, 
 and that we look forward with earnestness for the remaining 
 volumes." JV. Amer. Rev., vi. 368. 
 
 " We find that he has not only described the botanical properties 
 of his plants with great accuracy, which is more than can be said 
 of his predecessors, but he has also done it with perspicuity and 
 elegance of expression." N. Amer. Rev., xiii. 123. 
 
 The Useful Arts Considered in Connexion with the Ap 
 plications of Science, Bost., 1840, 2 vols. 12mo. This is 
 an enlargement of a similar work which appeared under 
 the title of The Elements of Technology. Nature in Disease 
 Illustrated in Various Discoveries and Essays ; to which are 
 added Miscellaneous Writings, chiefly on Medical Subjects, 
 Bost., 1854, pp. 391. Dr. Bigelow edited, with Notes, Sir 
 J. E. Smith's Botany, 1814, Svo, was one of the contributors 
 to the Monthly Anthology, and is the author of many grace 
 ful and witty pieces of poetry which have from time to 
 time appeared. He is the reputed author of a poetical 
 jeu d'esprit, containing imitations of several American 
 poets, under the title of Eolopoesis, N. York, 12mo. 
 
 Bigelow, John, b. 1817, at Maiden, Ulster county, 
 New York; associate editor and proprietor of the New 
 York Evening Post. Jamaica in 1850, or the Effects of 
 Sixteen Years of Freedom on a Slave Colony. Mr. B. has 
 contributed to the N. York Review and the Democratic 
 Review. His articles on Constitutional Reform, originally 
 pub. in the last-named periodical, were subsequently issued 
 in pamphlet form. To the same journal he contributed an 
 article on Lucian, a review of Anthon's Classical Dic 
 tionary, and a rejoinder to Prof. Anthon's reply. 
 , Bigelow, Lewis. A Digest of the Reported Cases 
 in the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, contained 
 in the 17 vols. of Mass. Reports, and the 1st of Picker 
 ing's Reports. 2d ed. Svo, Boston, 1825. 
 
 " The author does not, as we conceive, draw the line with suffi 
 cient distinctness between the points of a case which are solemnly 
 decided as law, and the obiter dicta of the Court, their queries, 
 extra-judicial remarks, and opinions delivered arguendo."3 U. S. 
 Rev. 201. 
 
 A Digest of Pickering's Reports, vols. ii.-vii., being a sup. 
 to the Digest of the previous volumes of the Mass. Re 
 ports, Svo, Boston, 1830. 
 
 " The above digests are now superseded by Minot's Digest, q. v." 
 Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 Bigelow, Timothy, 1767-1821, was a son of Colonel 
 Timothy Bigelow, who served in Arnold's expedition to 
 Quebec, and commanded the 16th regiment in the Revo 
 lutionary War. The subject of this notice was born at 
 Worcester, Massachusetts, graduated at Harvard College 
 in 1786, and commenced the practice of the Law in 1789, 
 at Groton. He was a prominent member of the legisla 
 ture for more than 20 years, and for 11 years was the 
 speaker of the House of Representatives. 
 
 "A learned, eloquent, and popular lawyer. It has been com 
 puted that during a practice of thirty-two years he argued not less 
 than 15,000 cases. His usual antagonist was Samuel Dana. Over 
 
BIG 
 
 BIL 
 
 the assembly of six or 'seven hundred legislators of Massachusetts 
 he presided with great dignity and energy." 
 
 He pub. an Oration before the Phi Beta Kappa Society, 
 1797. An Extract from his Eulogy on S. Dana is in the 
 Historical Collection. See Allen's American Biog. Diet.; 
 Jennison; Marine Hist Coll., i. 363, 388, 409; Mass. Hist 
 Coll., s. s. ii. 235, 252. 
 
 Bigg, J. Stanyaii, is one of a new school of poets 
 of the terrific order. Night and the Soul ; a Dramatic 
 Poem, Lon., 1854. 
 
 Bigge, Thomas. Political Treatises, 1794-95, 8vo. 
 
 Bigger, J. and H. Dunn. The Revised Statutes of 
 the State of Indiana, 8vo, Indianapolis, 1845, 8vo. 
 
 Biggin, George. Hort. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1799. 
 
 Biggs, Arthur. Con. to Trans. Horticult. Soc. i. 63. 
 
 Biggs, James. Hist, of Miranda, <fcc., Lon., 1809, 8vo. 
 
 Biggs, Noah. On the Vanity of the Craft of Physic, 
 or a new Dispensatory ; with a Motion for Refining the 
 Universities, and the whole Landscape of Physic, and dis 
 covering the Terra Incognita of Chymistry, Lon., 1651, 4to. 
 This author does not seem to have lacked self-confidence. 
 
 Biggs, Richard. Of the Truth, Ac., Bath, 1770, 
 12mo. This author takes to task Pope and his doughty 
 mastiff defender, Warburton. 
 
 Biggs, Wm. Milt. Hist, of Europe, 1739-48, Lon., 
 1755, 8vo. 
 
 Bigland, John, d. 1832, a schoolmaster, born at Skir- 
 laugh in Holderness, pub. several valuable works. Letters 
 on the Study and Use of Ancient and Modern History, 
 Lon., 1804, 12mo. 
 
 " Mr. Bigland displays in this volume a well-cultivated and 
 comprehensive mind. His style is generally correct ; his informa 
 tion is extensive, and the many pertinent remarks and inferences 
 with which he has enriched this summary of general history, meet 
 our cordial approbation." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 "We are well pleased with this publication. It is a useful un 
 dertaking, well executed." British Critic. 
 
 " This little historic digest, collected from most unexceptionable 
 authors, is executed with great neatness and propriety." Lon. 
 Critical Review. 
 
 " He has suffered no opportunity to escape him of blending re 
 ligious and moral lessons with his instructions, and he deserves 
 the highest praise for the total exclusion of all indelicate expres 
 sions." Anti-Jacobin Rev. 
 
 Letters on Natural History, exhibiting a View of the 
 Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of the Deity, <fec., Lon., 
 1806, 8vo. 
 
 " We recommend our young readers to peruse the present work 
 as a compilation of very useful and entertaining information." 
 
 The History of Spain to 1809, Lon., 1810, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " The author has produced a pleasing and useful work." Lon. 
 Eclectic Review. 
 
 Essays on Various Subjects, Doncaster, 1805, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "These essays are marked by a philosophical and unprejudiced 
 spirit of investigation on all subjects." Annual Review. 
 
 " They contain much good sense, expressed in neat and perspi 
 cuous language.'' British Critic. 
 
 A System of Geography and History. 
 
 " A very pleasing picture of the past and present state of man 
 kind, &c." London Critical Review. 
 
 Bigland, Ralph, 1711-1784, Garter Principal King 
 at Arms, was a native of Westmoreland. Observations on 
 Marriages, Baptisms, and Burials, as preserved in Pa 
 rochial Registers. 
 
 " A very curious book, containing much valuable information 
 for the genealogist." 
 
 He made large collections for a history 
 
 "Rather of the Inhabitants of Gloucestershire than of the Shire 
 itself," 
 
 A portion of which was pub. by his son RICHARD BIG- 
 LAND, Esq., in 1792. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. 
 
 Bigland, Richard. See above. 
 
 Bigland, Wm. The Mechanics' Guide, Lon., 1795, Svo. 
 
 Biglow, William, 1773-1844, b. at Natick, Massa 
 chusetts. History of the Town of Natick, Massachusetts. 
 from 1650 to the Present Time; and also of Sherburne, 
 Mass., from its Incorporation to the End of the Year 
 1830, Bost., 1830, Svo. He contributed articles in prose 
 and verse to many of the journals of the day. 
 
 Bignell, Henry, 1611-1660? an English clergyman, 
 was educated at Brasenose College, and St. Mary's Hall, 
 Oxford. The Son's Portion, Lon., 1640, Svo. English 
 Proverbs, Ac. Wood gives any thing but a flattering pic 
 ture of this author. 
 
 Bigot, (Tanner,) Bagot, (Strype,) Bygod, (Wood,) 
 Sir Francis, pub. A Treatise concerning Impropriations 
 of Benefices, Lon., 1571(?) 4to, and 1646, 4to. 
 
 " The author's purpose was chiefly bent against the monasteries, 
 who had unjustly gotten very many parsonages into their pos 
 session, as it had been complained of long before his time, especially 
 by Dr. Thos. Gascoigne, a Yorkshire man born. The said Bygod 
 translated also divers Latin books into English, which I have not 
 yet seen.'' Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Bigsby, R. Old Places Revisited, or the Antiquarian 
 Enthusiast, 3 vols. Lon., 1851, Svo. An interesting work 
 on the Antiquities, Manners, Customs, and Persons of Old 
 England, illust. by Anecdotes. Poems and Essays, Svo. 
 
 Bill, Anna. Mirror of Modestie, Lon., 1621, Svo; 
 prefixed is a portrait of Anna Bill, followed by Verses to 
 her Memory, Bindley, 3 16s. 
 
 Billing, Robert. Carrots for Cattle, Lon., 1765, 8vo. 
 
 Billing, Sidney. A Practical Treatise on the Law 
 of Awards and Arbitrations, <fcc., Lon., 1845, Svo. 
 
 " As far as our means of judging go, we think Mr. Billing has 
 executed his task with great ability and success, and has given a 
 useful work to the profession." 
 
 Billinghurst, George. Legal Treatises,Lon.,1674-76. 
 
 Billings, Joseph, Commodore. Expedition to the 
 Northern Parts of Russia, Lon., 1802, 4to. Written by 
 Martin Sauer; another account was pub. in Russian by 
 Captain Saretschewya. 
 
 Billings, Peter. Folly Predominant, 1755. 
 
 Billings, R. W. Baronial and Ecclesiastical Anti 
 quities of Scotland, 4 vols. 4to, with 240 engravings by 
 Finden and others, pub. at 8 8s. ; large paper, 12 12s., 
 Edinburgh, 1851. 
 
 "The first work which, either in point of extent or of style, has 
 any claim to be regarded as a collection worthy of the remains yet 
 spared to Scotland ; and the plates are large enough to admit of 
 the distinct delineation of minute peculiarities. Mr. Billings is a 
 masterly draughtsman, well skilled in the history and characteris 
 tics of architectural style, having an excellent eye for perspective, 
 and uniting scrupulous fidelity to good taste and knowledge of 
 effect. His engravings do him justice, and altogether nothing can 
 be more satisfactory than his representations." Lon. Qvar. Rev. 
 
 Architecture of Carlisle Cathedral, 1839, 4to. Do. Dur 
 ham Cathedral, 1844, 4to. Do. Durham County, 4to. 
 Do. Kettering Church, 4to. Do. Temple Church, 4to. 
 Geometrical Projection of Gothic Architecture, 1840, 4to. 
 Gothic Panelling in Brancepeth Church, 4to. Do. Carlisle 
 Cathedral, 1841, 4to. Infinity of Geometric Design Exem 
 plified, 1849, 4to. Power of Form applied to Geometric 
 Tracery, r. Svo. 
 
 Billingsley. Sermons, 1716-1741. 
 
 Billingsley, Sir Henry, d. 1606, a mnthematician. 
 educated at Oxford, and Lord Mayor of London in the reign 
 of Elizabeth, studied mathematics under Mr. Whitehead, 
 who resided in his house for many years. Sir Henry pub. 
 a translation of Euclid into English, in which he incorpo 
 rated the valuable MS. notes of his deceased friend and 
 preceptor; Lon., 1570, fol. To this work Dr. John Dee 
 prefixed a learned introduction. 
 
 Billingsley, John. Strong Comfort for Weak Chris 
 tians, Lon., 1656, 4to. Other works. 
 
 Billingsley, John. Sermons, 1700-27. 25 Sermons 
 against Popery, Lon., 1723, 8vo. 
 
 " His discourses are solid and judicious, the result of mature 
 thought and diligent preparation." WILSON. 
 
 He wrote the Exposition of Jude in the continuation of 
 Henry's Commentary. 
 
 Billingsley, John. General View of the Agriculture 
 of the County of Somerset, Bath, 1798, Svo. 
 
 " This has been justly reckoned a superior work of the kind." 
 Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Billingsley, Martin. Pen's Excellencie, or the 
 Secretary's Delight, Lon., 1641, 4to. A Copy Book, 1623. 
 
 Billingsley, Nicholas. Brachy-Martyrologia, or 
 a Breviary of all the greatest Persecutions which have 
 befallen the Saints and People of God from the Creation 
 to our present time; paraphrased, Lon., 1657, Svo. 
 
 "It can serve indeed as little more than an Index to copious 
 works on the same subject; but such an index is not without its 
 value, from having a chronological arrangement." Restituta, 
 iv. 454. 
 
 The Infancy of the World, Lon., 1658, Svo. 
 
 See British Bibliographer, ii. 643, and Restituta, iv. 454, 458. 
 
 Billingsley also pub. Treasury of Divine Raptures, Lon., 
 1667, Svo, and some other works. See Bibl. Anglo-Poe- 
 tica, 52, 53, 54, where the above works are priced 3 3*., 
 3 10s., and 3 3s. 
 
 Billingsley, Nicholas. Theolog. and Biograph. 
 works, Lon., 1717, '21, '28. 
 
 Billington, Rev. Linus W., b. 1802, in New Jer 
 sey. Review of Davis's Revelations, <fec. 
 
 Billyns. Five Wounds of Christ, a Poem from an 
 ancient Parchment Roll. Published by W. Bateman, 
 Manchester, 1814, 4to. Black Letter, with fac-similes, 
 25 copies printed. 
 
 Bilson, Thomas, 1536-1616, a native of Winchester, 
 was educated at the school of that place, and in 1565 ad 
 mitted perpetual Fellow of New College, Oxford. He was 
 Master of Winchester School, Prebendary of the Cathe 
 dral, and afterwards Warden of the College in the same 
 
BIL 
 
 city. He was made Bishop of Worcester in 1596, and in 
 1597 was translated to Winchester. The True Difference 
 between Christian Subjection and Unchristian Rebellion, 
 Oxf., 1585, 4to. This work was directed against the sup 
 posed political principles of the Romanists, and vindicated 
 the supremacy of Queen Elizabeth, and her interference in 
 favour of the Protestants of the Low Countries. 
 
 " This book, which served her design for the present, did contri 
 bute much to the ruin of her successor, K. Ch. I. ... To justify 
 the revolt of Holland. Bilson gave strange liberty in many cases, 
 especially concerning religion, for subjects to cast off their obedi 
 ence. . . . There is not any book that the Presbyterians have made 
 more dangerous use of against their prince, (Ch. I.,) than that 
 which his predecessor commanded to be written to justify her 
 against the King of Spain." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 The Perpetual Gouernment of Christe's Church, <fcc., 
 Lon., 1593, 1610, 4to. In Latin, 1611, 4to. This is con 
 sidered one of the best arguments for Episcopacy. A new 
 edit., with a Biog. notice by Rev. Robert Eden, Oxf., 
 1842, 8vo. 
 
 The Effect of Certaine Sermons, touching the Full Re 
 demption of Mankind by the Death and Blood of Christ 
 Jesus, &c., Lon., 1598, 8vo. 
 
 "These sermons, preached at Paul's Cross, made great alarm 
 among the puritanical brethren." WOOD. 
 
 Henry Jacob answered it, and Bilson replied in The 
 Survey of Christ's Sufferings for Man's Redemption, Ac., 
 Lon., 1604, fol. Repub. in Tracts of Ang. Fathers, ii. 73. 
 Sermon on Rom. xiii. 4; Lon., 1604, 8vo. 
 
 "The care of revising and putting the last hand to the new 
 translation of the English Bible in King James 1st reign, was 
 committed to our author, and to Dr. Miles Smith, afterwards 
 Bishop of Gloucester." 
 
 " He was as reverend and learned a prelate as England ever af 
 forded, a deep and profound scholar, exactly read in Ecclesiastical 
 authors." WOOD. 
 
 "An excellent civilian, and a very great scholler." SIR AN 
 THONY WELDON. 
 
 " A deep and profound scholar, excellently well read in the 
 fathers." FULLER. 
 
 " A very grave man ; and how great a divine, if any one knows 
 not, let him consult his learned writings." BISHOP GOODWIN. 
 
 "I find but foure lines (in Bishop Goodwin's book) concerning 
 him; and if I should give him his due, in proportion to the rest, 
 I should spend fbure leaves." SIR JOHN HARRINGTON. See Chal 
 mers's B.D.; Biog. Brit.; Athen. Oxon.; Harrington's Brief View. 
 Bilstone, John. Sermons, 1749-63. 
 Binck, James. Collectio de xxxii. Iconibus Deorum 
 BC Dearum Gentilium aere incisis, 1530, fol. A scarce work. 
 Binckes, Wm. Sermons, &c., 1702-10. 
 Bindley, James, Senior Commissioner of the Stamp 
 Office. Statutes Relating to the Stamp Duties, Lon., 1775, 
 4to. This gentleman is the LEONTES celebrated by Dr. 
 Dibdin in his Bibliomania, and in the Bibliographical 
 Decameron. He was noted for knowledge of books and 
 his valuable Library. Mr. John Nichols paid him a de 
 served compliment by dedicating to him the most valuable 
 collection of literary treasures in the language Nichols's 
 Literary Anecdotes. See NICHOLS, JOHN. 
 
 To the 1st edit, of this work Mr. Bindley was a con 
 tributor. 
 
 " LISARDO. Gratify a curiosity that I feel to know the name and 
 character of yonder respectably-looking gentleman, in the dress of 
 the old school, who is speaking in so gracious a manner to Ber 
 nardo. 
 
 " 'Tis LEONTES : a man of taste, and an accomplished antiquary. 
 Even yet he continues to gratify his favourite passion for book 
 and print collecting ; although his library is at once choice and 
 copious, and his collection of prints exquisitely fine. . . . Like 
 Atticus [Richard Heber, Esq.] he is liberal in the loan of his trea 
 sures; and, as with him, so 'tis with Leontes the spirit of book- 
 collecting ' assumes the dignity of a virtue.' Peace and comfort 
 lie the attendant spirits of Leontes, through life and in death: the 
 happiness of a better world await him beyond the grave! His 
 memory will always be held in reverence by honest biblioma 
 niacs." Bibliomania, ed. 1842, 133. 
 
 Some six years later. Dibdin again notices this worthy 
 character : 
 
 " Dear as the ruddy drops that warm my heart are the name 
 and the virtues of Leontes! That excellent and venerable cha 
 racter yet lives; lives in the increased estimation of his long-tried 
 friends, and in the very plenitude and zenith of bibliomaniacal 
 reputation. Can human felicity go beyond this? Rich in 'good 
 works' as well as in good books. . . . Gaze therefore with respect 
 and admiration upon the numerous and well-selected tomes of 
 which the library of the venerable gentleman is composed ; and 
 wish that he who knows how to make such an excellent use of 
 them, may yet live to complete his term of a ' thousand years.'" 
 Bibliographical Decameron, Hi. 26, 412. 
 
 Binfield, Wm. Travels and Adventures, 2 vols. 
 Lon., 1753. 
 
 Bingham, Caleb, of Boston, Massachusetts, was 
 author of the Hunters ; Young Lady's Accidence, 1789 : 
 Epistolary Correspondence ; The Columbian Orator. 
 
 Bingham, George, 1715-1800, a native of Dorset, 
 was educated at Westminster, and Christ Church, Oxford 
 
 BIN 
 
 Being elected Fellow of All Souls' College, he formed an 
 ntimacy with William (afterwards Sir William) Black- 
 stone, who assisted him in the preparation of his Stem- 
 mata Chicheliana. His principal works are a Vindication 
 of the Doctrine and Liturgy of the Church of England, 
 Oxf., 1774, 8vo. This was occasioned by Mr. T. Lindsey's 
 Apology for Quitting his Living, Lon., 1774, 8vo. An 
 Essay on the Millennium, <fcc., Lon., 1804, 2 vols. 8vo, and 
 Essays, Disputations, and Sermons, to which are prefixed 
 Memoirs of the Author's Life, by Peregrine Bingham,, 
 1804, 2 vols. 8vo. These four vols. were pub. by his son. 
 Also see Biographical Anecdotes of the Rev. John Bing 
 ham, being part of the Bib. Top. Brit., reprinted, with ad 
 ditions, 1813, 4to, and fol. 
 
 " It has been justly remarked to his honour and credit, that he 
 never made an acquaintance by whom he was not highly respected, 
 or formed an intimacy that was not permanent." 
 
 Bingham, Joseph, 1668-1723, the celebrated author 
 of Origines Ecclesiasticae, was a native of Wakefield in 
 Yorkshire. In 1684 he was admitted a member of Uni 
 versity College, Oxford. He took the degree of B. A. 
 in 1688, M. A. in 1691. He was elected Fellow of his 
 College in 1689. By the kindness of the eminent Dr. 
 Radcliffe he was presented, upon resignation of his fel 
 lowship, to the rectory of Headbourn-Worthy in Hamp 
 shire, with about 100 a year. Some six or seven years 
 after this event he married a daughter of Richard Pococke, 
 grandfather of the celebrated author of the Description of 
 the East. Feeling the great want which existed of a good 
 work upon Ecclesiastical Antiquities, Bingham determined 
 to endeavour to supply the void. His disadvantages were 
 great : ill health, large family, small means, and almost 
 without books. Fortunately the latter want was supplied 
 by his opportunity of access to the excellent library of the 
 cathedral church of Winchester, the bequest of Bishop 
 Morley. 
 
 " Even this was deficient in many works to which he had occa 
 sion to refer ; and yet when we turn to the Index Anctorum at 
 the end of his work, we shall perhaps be astonished at the vast 
 number of books which he appears to have consulted. But to 
 such straits was he driven for want of books, that he frequently 
 procured imperfect copies at a cheap rate, and then employed a 
 portion of that time, of which so small a portion was allotted him, 
 and which therefore could so ill be so spared, in the tedious task 
 of transcribing the deficient pages ; instances of which are still in 
 being, and serve as memorials of his indefatigable industry on 
 all occasions." 
 
 The author remarks : 
 
 " I confess that this work will suffer something in my hands 
 for want of several books, which I have no opportunity to see, nor 
 ability to purchase. The chief assistance I have hitherto had is 
 from the noble benefaction of one, who being dead, yet speaketh ; I 
 mean the renowned Bishop Morley." 
 
 He pub. the 1st vol. (Origines Ecclesiasticae, or the An 
 tiquities of the Christian Church) in 1708, and the 10th 
 and last in 1722, 8vo. Whole works, 1726, 2 vols. fol. 
 Translated into Latin, with the words of the quotations 
 given by Grischovius, Hallae,1724-29, and again in 1751. 
 
 "The author left MS. corrections, which were incorporated in 
 an edition edited by his great-grandson, in 8 vols. 8vo, 1829. Two 
 editions have since that date appeared under the able editorship 
 of the Rev. J. R. Pitman, in which the passages referred to are 
 given in the original words. The Rev. Richard Bingham, son of 
 the former editor, has prepared an edition which, when published, 
 will be of great importance, as he has verified all the quotations, 
 some of which had escaped the research of Grischovius and Mr. 
 Pitman. An edition of the Ecclesiastical Antiquities only, as it 
 originally appeared, is in print, in 2 vols. imperial 8vo." Darling's 
 Cyc. Bibliographica. 
 
 It is an interesting bibliographical incident that the 
 valuable labours of Mr. Bingham should be revised by his 
 great-great-grandson after a lapse of 130 years. Mr. Bing 
 ham also wrote : The French Church's Apology for the 
 Church of England, <fec., Lon., 1706, 8vo. A Scholastical 
 History of Lay Baptism, two parts, Lon., 1712, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 A Discourse concerning the Mercy of God to Penitent Sin 
 ners ; and a Discourse on Absolution, in his Works, 2 vols. 
 fol., 1726. 
 
 Before the publication of vols. ix. and x. of his Origines, 
 Mr. Bingham was sorely tried by the conduct of a Mr. A. 
 Blackamore, who pub. in 1722, 2 vols. 8vo, A Summary of 
 Christian Antiquities, <&c., which Mr. Bingham declared to 
 be, for the most part, an abridgment of the 8 vols. upon 
 which he had bestowed "Twenty years' hard labour." 
 He thus discourses upon the matter in the preface to vols. 
 ix. and x. : 
 
 " When I had finished these two volumes, and completed the 
 whole work that I intended, and sent it to the press, hoping to give 
 myself a little rest and vacation from hard labour, I was immedi 
 ately called to a new work by a book that was sent me, bearing 
 the title of Ecclesia Primitive Notitia in a Summary of Christian 
 Antiquities. To which is prefixed an Index Hrereticus, contain 
 ing a short account of all the principal heresies since the rise of. 
 
BIN 
 
 BIN 
 
 Christianity ; and subjoined A Brief Account of the Eight First | 
 General Councils, dedicated to the venerable Society for Propagat 
 ing the Gospel in Foreign Parts, by A. Blackamore, in two volumes 
 8vo, Lon., 1722. I confess, I was very much surprised at first with 
 the title and epistle dedicatory, thinking it to be some new work, 
 that had done some mighty thing, either in correcting my mistakes, : 
 or supplying my deficiencies, after twenty years' hard labour in > 
 compiling my Origines for the use of the church. But as soon as j 
 I looked into the preface, and a little into the book itself, I found ; 
 it to be only a transcript of some part of my Origines, under the 
 notion of an epitome, though no such thing is said in the title- I 
 page ... If he had done it in a genteel way, by asking leave, ; 
 and under direction, he should have had my leave and encourage- | 
 ment also. Or if he had done it usefully, so as truly to answer 
 the end he pretends, even without leave, he should have my par 
 don. But now he has defeated his own design, both by unneces 
 sary and hurtful additions of his own, which will not only incom 
 mode and encumber his books, but render them dangerous and 
 pernicious to unwary readers, unless timely antidoted and cor 
 rected by some more skilful hand. For which reason, since they 
 are sent into the world together with an abstract of my Antiqui 
 ties, I have thought it just both to the world and myself to make 
 some proper animadversions on them." 
 
 The justly indignant author then proceeds in a long 
 bill of indictments to substantiate his charge. The griev 
 ance complained of was one to which all authors are 
 liable, and the more meritorious their productions the 
 greater the risk. Mr. Pitman's last edit., referred to be 
 fore, was pub. in 1840, in 9 vols. 8vo. (See preceding no 
 tice of forthcoming edition, by the Rev. Richard Bingham.) 
 
 To those unacquainted with the value of the work, it 
 may be useful to give an analysis of the Twenty-three 
 Books, of which the Antiquities is composed : 
 
 1. Of Christianity in general; the Names and Orders of 
 
 both Clergy and Laity. 
 
 2. The Laws of the First Councils. 
 
 3. Of the Inferior Clerical Laws. 
 
 4. Of the Election and Ordination of the Clergy; Quali 
 
 fications, <fec. 
 
 5. Clerical Privileges, Immunities, and Revenues. 
 
 6. The Laws and Rules of their Lives, Services, Beha 
 
 viour, <fcc. 
 
 7. Of the Ascetics. 
 
 8. Of their Councils, Churches, &c. 
 
 9. Of the Divisions into Provinces, Dioceses, and Pa 
 
 rishes ; with the Origin of these Divisions. 
 
 10. Of the Catechisms, and first use of Creeds. 
 
 11. On the Administration of Baptism. 
 
 12. On Confirmation. 
 
 13. Of Divine Worship in the Ancient Congregations. 
 
 14. Of the Service of the Catechumens. 
 
 15. Of the Communion Service. 
 
 16. Of the Unity and Discipline of the Church. 
 
 17. Of the Exercise and Discipline among the Clergy. 
 
 18. Of the Penitential Laws and Rules for doing Public 
 
 Penance. 
 
 19. Of Absolution. 
 
 20. On the Festivals. 
 
 21. On the Fasts. 
 
 22. On tbe Marriage Rites. 
 
 23. On the Funeral Rites. 
 
 With Four Dissertations. In the first three, those things 
 only briefly described in his Antiquities are more fully ex 
 plained. In the fourth, he defends the English Homilies, 
 Liturgy, and Canons, from domestic adversaries, particu 
 larly the French Reformers. 
 
 The following testimonies, selected from numerous 
 others which could be adduced, will serve to show the es 
 timation in which, he is generally held by all parties : 
 
 Auguste, in his Introduction to Handbuch der ChristU- 
 chdn Archaologie, p. 11, (Leipzig, 1836,) says, after having 
 spoken of some unsatisfactory works, " But the English 
 Clergyman, Joseph Bingham, remarkable for his profound 
 learning, and his spirit of unprejudiced inquiry, was the 
 first who published a complete Archaeology, and one wor 
 thy of the name. His Origines or Christian Antiquities 
 first appeared in London, 1708-22, in 10 parts, 8vo. Un 
 doubtedly, the Latin translation by J. H. Grischovius has 
 very much contributed to the general spread of this clas 
 sical work. While Bingham was still living, a country 
 man of his own, A. Blackamore, prepared an abridgment 
 under the title of Summary of Christian Antiquities, Lon., 
 1722, with which Bingham was much displeased, it being 
 published as an original work. At a later period another 
 abridgment appeared by an anonymous Roman Catholic 
 Theologian; J. Bingbam's Christian Antiquities, an abridg 
 ment from tbe English edition, Augsburg, 1788-96. The 
 work also called Lucii Paleotimi Antiquitatum S. Origi- 
 num Ecclesiasticarum summa, Venet., 1766, is nothing 
 more than an abridgment of Bingham's work, the useful- 
 nes'} of which for both confessions is strongly indicated 
 190 
 
 by these repeated abridgments of it, as well as by the 
 manifold use of it made in other writings." 
 
 "Most strongly and vehemently do I recommend Bingham's 
 Antiquities of the Christian Church; he justly ranks among our 
 brightest church luminaries. Jortin knew the value of his labours ; 
 Gibbon stole from them, and they have been translated and reve 
 renced all over the Continent." DIBDIN. 
 
 " Opus ipsum Binghami tarn egregium est, ut merito inter libros 
 quibus Antiquitates Ecclesiastics universe enarratse sunt, prin- 
 cipatum teneat, sive ad rerum copiam atque apparatum ; sive ad 
 earum explanationem animum advertere veliinus. Commendat 
 illud se adcuratiori ordine, argumentis solidis ; sive testimoniis, 
 quae ex ipsis fontibus hausta ac diligenter adducta sunt, perspicui- 
 tate atque aliis virtutibus. Ac quamvis auctor, iis addictus, qui 
 in Anglia pro episcoporurn auctoritate pugnant, ad horum senten- 
 tias veteris ecclesice instituta trahat ; animi tamen moderationem, 
 quum in his rebus versatur, ostendit ac si quse corrigenda sunt." 
 WALCHII : Biblioiheca Thealogica, vol. iii. p. 671. 
 
 The Lon. Quarterly Review, in an article on Christian Burial, 
 says : " This is traced by Bingham with his usual erudition ;" and 
 in speaking of psalmody in the early Christian Church, " of this 
 Bingham produces abundant evidence." And again, in an article 
 on the Architecture of Early Christian Churches, " much informa 
 tion on this subject is collected in the Origines Ecclesiastics of 
 Bingham, a writer who does equal honour to the English clergy 
 and to the English nation, and whose learning is to be equalled 
 only by his moderation and impartiality." Vols. xxi. xxvii. xxviii. 
 " Let Bingham be consulted where he treats of such matters as 
 you meet with, that have any difficulty in them." Dr. Water- 
 land's Advice to a Young Student. 
 
 " This is an invaluable Treatise of Christian Antiquities, and 
 deserves the first place in works of this kind : the plan and the 
 execution do equal honour to the learning and industry of the 
 author." ORME : Bibliotheca Biblica. 
 
 "A vast body of information respecting the first Christian 
 Churches, and full of valuable learning on the Early State of the 
 Church." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 " For the elucidation of the Antiquities of the Church, we can 
 not refer to a higher authority than that of Bingham. Joseph 
 Bingham was born at Wakefield, in Yorkshire, September 1668, 
 and graduated at University College, Oxford, 1683. He was pre 
 sented by Dr. Radcliffe to the Rectory of Headbourn-Worthy, 
 near Winchester ; and there, having the use of the Cathedral Li 
 brary, he commenced his celebrated work Origines Ecclesiasticse, 
 or the Antiquities of the Christian Church." Voice, of the Church. 
 It is also recommended to be studied by Bishops Tom- 
 line, Randolph, and Coleridge ; by Dr. Burton, and in the 
 Tracts for the Times published at Oxford. 
 
 " He who seeks for information upon any ecclesiastical subject, 
 will be almost sure to find it in Bingham's Antiquities." BISHOP 
 SHORT. 
 
 Bingham, Joseph, second son of the preceding, of 
 Corpus Christi College, Oxford, died when he 
 
 " Was preparing to give public proofs of his diligence, having 
 actually printed every part, except the title-page and preikce, of a 
 very valuable edition of the Theban Story, which was completed 
 and published after his death." 
 
 Bingham, J. Elliot, Commander, R.N. A Narra 
 tive of the Expedition to China, [in 1840-42.] 
 
 Bingham, Peregrine* Pains of Memory; a Poem, 
 1811, 8vo. See BINGHAM, GEORGE. 
 
 Bingham, Peregrine. Reports and Legal Treatises, 
 1820-40. Reports in the C. Pleas. 1822-34, Lon., 10 vols. 
 roy. 8vo. New Cases in C. P. and other Courts, 1834-40, 
 6 vols. roy. 8vo. 
 
 Bingham, Richard. Sermon, &c., 1789-1811. 
 Bingham, Richard, great-grandson of Joseph 
 Bingham, edited his works, 8 vols. Svo, 1829, and is au 
 thor of a number of Discourses, &c. 
 
 Bingham, Richard, great-great-grandson of Joseph 
 Bingbam, revised his works. 
 
 Bingham, Thomas. The Triumph of Truth, or 
 Proofs of the Authenticity of the Bible, Lon., 1800. 
 
 Bingham, William, a senator of the United States, 
 d. 1804, aged 52. In 1780 he married Miss Willing of 
 Philadelphia; bis son William married in Montreal in 
 1822; a daughter was married to a son of Sir Francis 
 Baring. Mr. B. pub. A Letter from an American on the 
 subject of tbe Restraining Proclamation, with strictures 
 on Lord Sheffield's pamphlets, 1784. Description of cer 
 tain Tracts of Land in the District of Maine, 1793. In 
 this year Mr. B. purchased more than two millions of acres 
 of land in Maine, at an eighth of a dollar per acre, or for 
 more than $250,000. Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. 
 Bingley, William. Sermon, Lon., 1694, Svo. 
 Bingley, William. Discontent in Ireland, and 
 Cause of the Rebellion, 1799, 4to. 
 
 Bingley, William, d. 1823, a native of Yorkshire, 
 of St. Peter's College, Cambridge, graduated in 1799, and 
 took holy orders. He pub. a number of works, 1793-1818. 
 We notice a few of them: North Wales; including itf 
 Scenery, Antiquities, Customs, &c., delineated from two 
 Excursions in 1798 and 1801, Lon., 1804, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 "We have no hesitation in declaring that these volumes deserve 
 to be ranked among the best performances of the kind; nor will 
 
BIN 
 
 any one hereafter act wisely who should visit North Wales, with 
 out making them his companion." British Oritic. 
 
 "The language, manners, customs, antiquities, and botany, are 
 particularly attended to, and well described." STEVENSON. 
 
 Memoirs of British Quadrupeds, Ac., Lon., 1809, 8vo. 
 This work is not merely a compilatio'n from other natu 
 ralists, but a great portion consists of original observation 
 and anecdote. 
 
 Animated Nature, 1815, 8vo. 
 
 " When we reflect on the quantity of useful information which 
 Mr. Bingley has contrived to reduce within such a limited number 
 of pages on the authentic documents from which he has abridged 
 his materials, and on the easy comprehension of his style and 
 manner, we cannot hesitate to recommend this work to those 
 persons who are intrusted with the education of the young." 
 Lon. Monthly Review, Oct., 1816. 
 Useful Knowledge, 1816, 8vo. 
 
 " To the library of the young these volumes will be a most de 
 sirable addition." British Critic, Sept., 1817. 
 
 Mr. B.'s Animal Biography is one of the most enter 
 taining works in the language. 
 
 Binnell, Robert. Sermon, 1751, 8vo. 
 Biiiney, Amos, M.D., 1803-1847, a native of Boston, 
 one of the founders, and, at the time of his death, President, 
 of the Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist. His writings on the Land- 
 Shells of America are to be found in the proceedings and 
 journal of that society. Terrestrial and Air-Breathing 
 Mollusks of the United States and Adjacent Territories of 
 North America, Bost., 1851, 3 vols. 8vo. See GOULD, A. A. 
 Binney, Rev. Amos. Theological Compend., 18mo. 
 Binney, Horace, of Philadelphia, one of the most 
 eminent of American lawyers. Reports of Cases argued 
 and determined in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania 
 from 1799 to 1814, 6 vols. 8vo, Phila., 1809-15. Eulogium 
 on Chief-Justice Tilghman, 1827, 8vo. Eulogium on Chief- 
 Justice Marshall, 1836, 8vo. Argument in the Case of 
 Vidal v. the City of Philadelphia, 1844, 8vo. Murphy v. 
 Hubert, Review of the Opinion of the Supreme Court that 
 the Pennsylvania Act of Frauds and Perjuries does not 
 extend to Equitable Estates, 1848, 8vo. Centennial Ad 
 dress before the Philadelphia Contributionship, on the 
 History and Principles of that Insurance Company, and 
 of Fire-Insurance in the United States, 1852, 8vo. 
 
 Binney, Thomas, a popular Non-conformist 
 preacher, a native of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, has pub. a 
 number of theological and other works. Closet and the 
 Church ; Four Discourses on the Christian Ministry ; Illus 
 trations of the Practical Power of Faith; Sermons preached 
 at Weigh-House Chapel: Service of Song in the House of 
 the Lord; Spirit Admitted to the Heavenly House, Ac.; 
 Ultimate Design of the Christian Ministry, &c. 
 
 "The Illustrations of the Practical Power of Faith are evidently 
 the production of a man of no ordinary talents, and display con 
 siderable originality of thought united to clear and simple views 
 of scriptural truth, a correct taste, and a heart susceptible of all 
 the moral inspiration of his theme and office." Lon. JEclec. Rev. 
 
 Binney, William G., son of Amos Binney, M.D. 
 Papers on American Land-Shells, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
 Phila., 1857-58. Edited complete writings of Thomas Say 
 on the Conchology of the United States, with a copious 
 Index to the original work, N. York, 1858, 8vo, 75 pi. 
 
 Binning, Hugh, 1627-1654, a native of Ayrshire, 
 Scotland, graduated at Glasgow, where he was appointed 
 Professor of Moral Philosophy when only 19. The Sin 
 ner's Sanctuary, in 40 Sermons upon Romans viii., Edin., 
 1670, 4to. Poetical Catechism, 1671, 12mo. Common 
 Principles of the Christian Religion, 1672, 12mo. Heart- 
 Humiliation, 1676, 12mo. Works collected, Edin., 1735 
 4to ; again, 1768, 4to, and 1839, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " Binning is an old Scotch writer well worth reading. A teprinl 
 of his valuable works would be advantageous." BICKERSTETH. 
 It will be seen that a new edit, has been pub. recently. 
 Binns, Abraham. Remarks on a publication enti 
 tled a Serious Admonition to the Disciples of Thomas 
 Paine and other Infidels, 1796, 8vo. 
 
 Binns, John. A Digest of the Laws and judicial de 
 cisions of Pennsylvania, touching the authority of the 
 Justices of the Peace, Phila., 1840, 8vo ; 2d ed. pub. in 
 1845, revised and enlarged, under the title of Binns's Ma 
 gistrate's Daily Companion, or Magistrate's Manual ; again 
 1850, 8vo. Mr. Binns pub. his Autobiography in 1855 
 Phila., 12mo. 
 
 Binns, Jonathan, M.D. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1795 
 Binns, Jonathan. The Miseries and Beauties o: 
 Ireland, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " His volumes are temperate, sensible, and interesting : he has felt 
 PS well as thoxight, without being carried away by that violent spirit 
 of partisanship which for so long a period seemed to possess itself of 
 every one who wrote concerning the Emerald Isle." Lon. Athen. 
 
 "An excellent book both for interest and information."-- West- 
 Viinster Review. 
 
 BIR 
 
 Birbeck, Chris. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1701. 
 
 Birch, Rev. Busby. City Latin, 1760, 8vo. 
 
 Birch, Charles. Exposition of the Collects of the 
 Church of England, 2d ed., Lon., 1821, 12mo. 
 
 Birch, J. F. National Defence, 1808, 8vo. 
 
 Birch, John, Surgeon Extraordinary to the Prince 
 >f "Wales. Professional Treatises, 1779-1810. 
 
 Birch, John B. The Cousins of Schiras; trans, 
 from the French, 1797, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Birch, Peter, b. 1652, Prebendary of Westminster. 
 Sermon before the House of* Commons, 1689, 4to ; ditto, 
 1694, 4to. 
 
 " In the 20th page of which, were several matters running thus, 
 
 hich caused some of the said house, as 'twas then reported, to 
 cry out, Ad ignem! ' Are not our very blessings all turned into 
 a curse? Our boasted freedom is now only a liberty to bite and 
 devour one another, &c.' ... On the 20th of Feb. following, or 
 ;hereabout, came out an answer to the said sermon entit. A 
 Birchen Rod for Dr. Birch. . . . This answer, wherein are many 
 vile things against King Ch. the martyr, was supposed then to be 
 penn'd by the author of A Letter from Major Gen.Ludlow to Sir 
 B. S. (Seymour.") Athen. Oxc,n. 
 
 Funeral Sermon, Lon., 17QO, 4to. 
 
 Birch, Sampson. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1683. 
 
 Birch, Samuel, b. 1757, a public-spirited London 
 Alderman, a son-in-law of Dr. John Fordyce, pub. a num 
 ber of dramatic and other works: Consilia, 1785, 12mo. 
 The Mariners, M. E., 1793. The Packet Boat, M., 1794. 
 The Adopted Child, M. D., 1795. The Smugglers, M. D., 
 1796. Fast Asleep, M. E., 1797, N. P. Albert and Ade 
 laide, Rom., 1798, N. P. Speeches, 1805-7, 8vo. 
 
 " Animated in the cause of literature, combined with benevo 
 lence, the poetical effusions of Mr. Birch, and his mode of reciting 
 them, have frequently called forth the applause of the members 
 and visitors at the annual meetings of the LITERARY FUND." Biog. 
 Dramat. 
 
 Birch, Thomas. Sermons, 1720-29, 8vo. 
 
 Birch, Thomas, D.D., 1705-66, a native of Clerken- 
 well, received his education at Quaker schools, to which 
 persuasion his parents were attached. He was ordained 
 deacon in the Church of England, 1730, priest, 1731, by 
 the Bishop of Salisbury, the celebrated Dr. Hoadly. To 
 the friendship of this divine, he was no doubt indebted for 
 several of his preferments. He was Vicar of Ulting, Es 
 sex, 1734; Rector of St. Margaret Pattens with St. Ga 
 briel, Fenchurch-street, London, 1746 ; Secretary to the 
 Royal Society, 1752 , Rector of Depden, Essex, 1761. Dr. 
 Birch was an industrious writer, as is evinced by his nu 
 merous publications. We shall notice some of the princi 
 pal. His first literary undertaking was The General Dic 
 tionary, Historical and Critical, " in which a new and 
 accurate translation of that of the celebrated Mr. Bayle, 
 with the corrections and observations printed in the late 
 edition at Paris,is included, and interspersed with several 
 thousand lives never before published," <fec., 10 vols. folio, 
 Lon., 1734-41. In this laborious enterprise he was as 
 sisted by the Rev. John Peter Bernard, Mr. John Lock- 
 man, and others. The articles relating to Oriental history 
 were allotted to Mr. George Sale, who was admirably qua 
 lified for the task. This Dictionary is certainly one of the 
 most valuable compends of knowledge in the English lan 
 guage. It can be purchased at the present day (1854) for 
 about 7 to 8. The editors give 
 
 " Reflections upon such passages of Mr. Bayle as seem to favour 
 skepticism and the Manichee system." 
 
 Bayle's faults in these and other respects are well known. 
 Apart from such objections, he is a delightful companion, 
 and his merits have been widely acknowledged : 
 
 " He is the only man that ever collected with so much judgment, 
 and wrote with so much spirit at the same time." POPE : ^pence's 
 Anecdotes. 
 
 " If Bayle wrote his Dictionary to empty the various collections 
 he had made without any particular design, he could not have 
 chosen a better plan. By the double freedom of a Dictionary of 
 Notes, he could pitch on what articles he pleased, and say what he 
 pleased on these articles." GIBBON. 
 
 "Gibbon's eulogy of Bayle is at once concise and just, and no 
 one read him or loved him more than the eulogist himself. Bayle 
 was a man of immense but desultory reading, of a subtle under 
 standing, and of indomitable patience and industry. His Dic 
 tionary is as a Cornucopia of flowers, bright, blooming, and caoti- 
 vating." DIBDIN. 
 
 " Bayle's Dictionary is a very useful work for those to consult 
 who love the Biographical part of Literature, which is what I love 
 most." DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 In 1742, 7 vols. folio, Dr. Birch published Thurloe's 
 Collection of State Papers, containing Authentic Memo 
 rials of English Affairs from 1638 to the Restoration of 
 Charles II. 
 
 " These State Papers form an excellent History of Europe during 
 this period, and are at once a proof of Thurloe's abilities as a states 
 man and excellence as a writer." GRANGER. 
 
 Thurloe was secretary to Oliver Cromwell. 
 
 191 
 
BIR 
 
 BIR 
 
 The Heads of Illustrious Persons of Great Britain, with 
 their Lives and Characters, 2 vols. fol., 1743-52. The en 
 gravings are by Houbraken, Gravelot, and Vertue, from 
 original paintings. The 1st vol. contains 80 heads, the 
 2d vol. 28. Large paper copies have been sold at high 
 prices; Roxburghe, 25 4s.; Nassau, 26 15*. 6d.; Heath, 
 34 13*. An edition, with retouched impressions of the 
 plates, appeared in 1813, on small and large paper. 
 
 Life of the Hon. Robert Boyle, 1741, and 1744, 8vo. Of 
 the last ed. a copy with MS. notes by the author is in the 
 British Museum ; and also a^copy with his MS. notes of 
 his Life of Archbishop Tillotson, Lon., 1752. 8vo. The 
 Life of Boyle contains an Appendix of Letters from Mr. 
 John Eliot of New England to Mr. Boyle, relating to his 
 services in the propagation of the Gospel in America, with 
 particulars of the Indian Bible ; Letters of Gov. Win- 
 throp, &c. 
 
 Memoirs of the reign of Queen Elizabeth from the year 
 1581 till her death, Lon., 1754, 4to, 2 vols. 
 
 '* Dr. Birch has formed his narrative out of the most striking facts 
 in the numerous letters of the Bacon Family, though, as might be 
 expected, the letters are much abbreviated." 
 
 The character of the Earl of Essex, the Cecils, Bacons, 
 and other eminent personages of the time, will be found 
 portrayed in these volumes. Inquiry into the share which 
 King Charles I. had in the transactions of the Earl of 
 Glamorgan, <fcc., Lon., 1747, 8vo. View of the Negotia 
 tion between England, France, and Brussels from 1592 to 
 1617, Lon., 1749, 8vo. Memoirs of Dr. Ward, 1766. Life 
 of Henry, son of King James L, 1760, 8vo. Letters, 
 Speeches, Charges, Advices, &c., of Lord Bacon, 1763, 8vo. 
 Birch's Life of Bacon is prefixed to the edition of Bacon's 
 Works, 1765, 4to, 5 vols. 
 
 " This beautiful and accurate edition was corrected throughout 
 by the Rev. John Gambold, and the Latin volumes revised by Mr. 
 Bowyer." LOWNDES. 
 
 History of the Royal Society of London, Lon., 1756, 4to, 
 4 vols. This was reviewed by Dr. Johnson in the Literary 
 Magazine. 
 
 Dr. Birch left a large quantity of valuable MSS. to the 
 British Museum, and there has been lately published from 
 them The Courts and Times of James I. and Charles I., 
 4 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1848. 
 
 " In it will be found many important particulars of English His 
 tory, which have escaped the researches of every historian, even 
 the recent ones of Mr. Macaulay. ... In its illustrations of the 
 literary history of the time the work is extremely rich, abounding 
 in anecdotes of Ben Jonson, Carew, Wither, Daniel, the Killigrews, 
 Sir Henry Saville, Sir Robert Cotton, Camden, the brothers Shir 
 ley, the fiunous travellers Bacon, Sir Julius Csesar, Dr. Donne, Sir 
 Henry Wotton, and many scholars of note, both at home and 
 abroad. Added to these interesting features, the work contains 
 notices of almost every person of celebrity in the kingdom, so that 
 there is scarcely a family whose members have figured in the his 
 tory of this portion of the seventeenth century, that will not find 
 in these volumes some reference to their ancestors." See Biog. 
 Brit.; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes. 
 
 Birch, Walter. Sermons, 1809-16. 
 
 Birch, William. Delices de la Grande Bretagne, 
 Lon., 1791, oblong 4to. 
 
 " In little estimation." LOWNDES. 
 
 Songebetwene the Queue's Majestic and Englande, Lon., 
 by William Pickeringe. Reprinted in the 10th vol. Har- 
 leian MSS. from a copy in the Library of the Society of 
 Antiquaries. 
 
 Birchal, John. Funeral Sermon, York, 1644, fol. 
 
 Birchall, Samuel. Provincial Copper Coins, 1797. 
 
 Birchedns. See BIRKHEAD, HENRY. 
 
 Birchensha, John. Divine Verities, Lon., 1655, 4to. 
 
 Birchington, Brychington, orBryckinton, Ste 
 phen, d. about 1407 ? was a Benedictine monk of the 
 church of Canterbury. He is the author of a history of 
 the Archbishops of Canterbury to the year 1368. This 
 was pub. by Wharton, as the first article in his Anglia 
 Sacra, from a MS. in the Lambeth Library. There are in 
 the same MS. vol. histories of the Kings of England to 
 1367, of the Roman Pontiffs to 1378, and of the Roman 
 emperors to about the same date. Wharton ascribes these 
 to Birchington. They have never been published. 
 
 Birchley, William, i. e. AUSTIN, JOHN, which see. 
 
 Birckbeck, Simon, 1584-1656, Fellow of Queen's 
 College, Oxford, vicar of Gilling in Yorkshire. Esteemed 
 by the learned for his knowledge of patristic theology. 
 
 The Protestant's Evidence, taken out of good records, 
 showing that for 1500 years next after Christ, the weighty 
 points of Religion have, by God's Church, been held and 
 taught as the Church of England now doth, Lon., 1634, 
 4to. A much enlarged edition, 1657, fol. A new edit, 
 appeared in 1849, edited by Dr. Gumming, forming vols. 
 ii. and iii. of a Supplement to Gibson's Preservative against 
 
 192 
 
 "The book was valued by Selden, and other learned men, ,&. 
 cause therein the author had taken great and worth} 7 pains in pro 
 ducing out of every century witnesses to attest the doctrine of the 
 Church of England in the points by him adduced against the con 
 trary doctrine of the Trent Council and the Church of Home " 
 WOOD. 
 
 On the Four Last Things, Lon., 1655, 8vo. 
 Bird, Charles Smith. Theological publications; 
 Lon., 1841, <fcc. 12 Lectures on the Church Catechism. 
 
 " This little work should be read by all who regard reludon as 
 the sole means by which we can ultimately arrive at a future happy 
 state." Court Gazette. 
 
 " These sermons have considerable merit." London Spectator. 
 Bird, Edward. Tract against Predestination, Lon.. 
 1726, 8vo. 
 
 Bird, G. Musical works, Lon., 1589, 1605, 4to. 
 Bird, G. Practising Scrivener, 1728, fol. 
 Bird, Golding, M.D., 1815-1854, Professor of Materia 
 Medica at Guy's Hospital, London. This distinguished 
 physician has favoured the world with some of the results 
 of his learned investigations. 
 
 Elements of Natural Philosophy; being an Experimental 
 Introduction to the Physical Sciences. Illustrated with 
 over 300 wood-cuts, Lon., 8vo; 2d ed., 1843; 3d ed., Lon., 
 1848, fp. 8vo; 4th ed., in conjunction with C. Brooke, 1854, 
 p. 8vo. 
 
 " This work teaches us the elements of the entire circle of Na 
 tural Philosophy in the clearest and most perspicuous manner. 
 Light, Magnetism, Dynamics, Meteorology, Electricity, &c. are set 
 before us in such simple forms, and in so forcible a way, that we 
 cannot help understanding their laws, their operation, and the 
 remarkable phenomena by which they are accompanied or signi 
 fied. As a volume of useful and beautiful instruction for the 
 young, we cordially recommend it." London Literary Gazette. 
 
 " By the appearance of Dr. Bird's work, the student has now all 
 that he can desire in one neat, concise, and well-digested volume. 
 The elements of natural philosophy are explained in very simple 
 language and illustrated by numerous wood-cuts. . . . We should 
 like to know that Dr. Bird's book was associated with every boys' 
 and girls' school throughout the kingdom." Lon. Medical Gazette. 
 " We have great pleasure in welcoming a new edition of this ex 
 cellent work, which we strongly recommended to our readers on its 
 first appearance. We do not hesitate to pronounce it the best 
 Manual of Natural Philosophy in our Language." British and 
 Foreign Medical Review. 
 
 " This work marks an advance which has long been wanting in 
 our system of instruction. Dr. Bird has succeeded in producing 
 an elementary work of great merit." London Athena>um. 
 
 " The best epitome in the English language of this wide range 
 of physical subjects." N. American fieview, April. 1851. 
 Urinary Deposits ; 2d ed., 1846, p. 8vo ; 5th ed., by E. L. 
 Birkett, 1857, 8vo. Lectures on Electricity and Gal 
 vanism in their Physiological and Therapeutical Rela 
 tions, delivered at the Royal College of Physicians ; re 
 vised and extended, 1849, 12mo. 
 
 " Like every thing which proceeds from their able author, these 
 Lectures are eminently lucid. . . . We strongly recommend the 
 study of Dr. Golding Bird's valuable little volume." Lon. Journal 
 of Medicine. 
 
 ' The volume will be found useful by those practitioners who 
 desire to acquire a practical knowledge of the therapeutical appli 
 cations of electricity." London Medical Gazette. 
 
 Republished in U.S., where they are very popular. See 
 J. H. Balfour's Biographical Sketches of Dr. Bird, 1855, 
 12mo ; Lon. Gent, Mag., July, 1855, 102. 
 Bird, Henry M. National Debt and Taxes, 1780, 8vo. 
 Bird, J. Superius Cantiones,<fcc.,Lon.,1575, 6 vols. 4to. 
 Bird, J. Verschuir's Oration translated, 1810. 
 Bird, James B. Legal treatises, Lon., 1794-1815. 
 Original Precedents of Settlements, Lon., 1800, 8vo. 
 
 These are the best forms of that species of assurance with 
 which the profession has at any time been presented. They bear 
 evident marks of technical precision and skill, and the language 
 in particular of most of them, is peculiarly chaste, expressive, and 
 appropriate." 
 
 Bird, John. Grounds of Grammar, Oxf., 1639, 8vo. 
 Bird, John. Ostenta Carolina; or the late Calamities 
 of England, with the Authors of them, Lon., 1661, 4to. 
 Bird, John. Divine Ambassador, 1663, 4to. 
 Bird, John. Astronomical Instruments, Lon., 1767, 
 4to. Mural Quadrants, Lon., 1768, 4to. 
 Bird, John. Romances, 1795-1816. 
 Bird, R. A Communication, Lon., 1595, 8vo. 
 Bird, Robert Montgomery, M.D., 1803-1854, was 
 a native of Newcastle, Delaware. He gave early indica 
 tions of the uncommon powers of mind which distinguish 
 his literary productions. Selecting the profession of medi 
 cine, after a due course of studies, he graduated at the 
 University of Pennsylvania. He wrote for the stage the 
 tragedies of The Gladiator, Oraloosa, and The Broker of 
 Bogota, which were highly successful. In 1834 he pub. 
 Calavar, or the Knight of the Conquest, a Romance of 
 Mexico. This work has been commended by an eminent 
 authority in matters pertaining to Spanish-American His 
 tory: 
 

 BIR 
 
 The author has studied with great care the costume, manners, 
 and military usages of the natives, and has done for them what 
 Mr. Cooper has done for the wild tribes of the north, touched 
 their rude features with the bright colouring of a poetic fancy. 
 He has been equally fortunate in his delineations of the pictu 
 resque scenery of the land; and if he has been less so in attempt 
 ing to revive the antique dialogue of the Spanish cavalior, we must 
 not be surprised : nothing is more difficult than the skilful execu 
 tion of a modern antique." W. H. PRESCOTT, in a note to his His 
 tory of the Conquest. 
 
 " The scene is laid in Mexko, at the time of the invasion of 
 Cortez, in 1520. The romantic incidents of that renowned conquest, 
 when Spanish rule gained a steadfast footing upon the northern 
 half of this continent, have furnished the materials of a fiction 
 bordering closely upon the accuracy of history. With the excep 
 tion of Prescott's magnificent annals of this period, we are not 
 acquainted with any work from which so clear a conception of those 
 times can be gathered as from Calavar. It is crowded with graphic 
 descriptions and scenes of the most intense excitement. The au 
 thor revels among the variegated vegetation of that sunny clime, 
 and sings the beauty of the black-eyed fair ones with a rhapsodist's 
 enthusiasm " 
 
 In 1835 appeared The Infidel, or the Fall of Mexico. 
 This is a sequel to the preceding work, although each is 
 complete in itself. The Hawks of Hawk Hollow, a tradi 
 tion of Pennsylvania, was pub. in the same year. Shep- 
 pard Lee appeared (anonymously) in 1836, and in the next 
 year the publication of Nick of the Woods, or the Jibbe- 
 nainosay, gave fresh evidence of Dr. Bird's rapidity of 
 composition. A collection of the author's contributions 
 to periodicals was pub. in 1838, under the title of Peter 
 Pilgrim, or a Rambler's Recollections. The last of his 
 novels, The Adventures of Robin Day, was given to the 
 world in 1839. After living in retirement for some years 
 at Newcastle, Delaware, in 1847 Dr. Bird became associ 
 ated with another gifted son of genius, Morton McMichael, 
 (q. v.) as joint proprietor and editor of the (Philadelphia) 
 North American and United States Gazette. In the co 
 lumns of this journal, (January 24, 1854,) will be found 
 an eloquent tribute by Mr. McM. to the memory of his 
 departed friend. Dr. Bird was a man of great versatility 
 of talent, and was equally familiar with the graver investi 
 gations of the exact sciences and the flowery paths of 
 belles-lettres literature ; to which he added no slight pro 
 ficiency in the ornamental arts. 
 
 " He leaves behind him few of more vast and varied erudition, 
 of a wider range of knowledge, practical as well as scholastic, not 
 superficial nor doubtful; but profound, positive, and accurate. 
 Add to these faculties a large comprehension, quickness, and 
 power; an imagination active as the principle of light, and a 
 judgment unerring as mathematical demonstration and such was 
 the intellectual condition of Dr. Bird." MORTON MCMICHAEL. 
 
 Bird, Samuel. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1580-98. 
 
 Bird, Thomas. Almanack for 1612, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Bird, William. The Magazine of Honour, or a Trea 
 tise on the several degrees of the Nobility of this king 
 dom, with their rights and privileges, also Knights and 
 Esquires, Ac., enlarged by Sir John Dodridge, Lon., 1642, 
 12mo. 
 
 Although this treatise contains little more than the argu 
 ment of Mr. Serg. Dodridge in the disputed question regarding 
 the Barony of Abergavenny, it is well deserving of perusal by pe 
 sons interested in the history of the peerage. The volume has 
 1 had several title-pages." LOWNDES. 
 
 Bird, William. Con. to Mem. Med., Ac., 1778-95. 
 
 Bird, William. See BYRD. 
 
 Birkbeck, George, M.D., 1776-1841. A Compre 
 hensive and Systematic Display, Theoretical and Practical, 
 of the Arts and Manufactures of Great Britain and Ire 
 land, Lon., 1826, Ac. Mathematics Practically Applied to 
 the Useful and Fine Arts. By Baron Dupin ; adapted to 
 the State of the Arts in England by G. B. 
 
 "This work bids fair to supply the deficiency in an important 
 branch of science. For this purpose we most cordially recommend 
 It." Lon. New Monttdy Mag. 
 
 Birkbeck, Morris. Notes in a Journey through 
 France, 1815, 8vo. Notes on a Journey in America, from 
 the Coast of Virginia to the Territory of Illinois: 2dedit 
 Lon., 1818, 8vo. Letters from Illinois. 
 
 "We have no hesitation in pronouncing this one of the most 
 interesting and instructive books that have appeared for many 
 years." Edinburgh Review. 
 
 " Detesting, as we most cordially do, all the principles avowed 
 by Mr. Birkbeck, moral and political, (religious, as we have seen, 
 he has none,) we are ready to give him the credit of having written 
 an entertaining little volume of Notes. In his Letters from Illi 
 nois there is nothing that can excite the least degree of interest " 
 Lon.. Quarterly Jfeview. 
 
 " He has certainly made an excellent volume on the condition 
 and prospects of that country, [America,] and one which, in our 
 opinion, claims the superiority over any other that has been is 
 sued. ... A mass of curious and most valuable information and 
 :onveyed in a very truthful colouring and simple manner of writ- 
 Ing. .The travels over France are very, amusing and instruc 
 tive, and are simply expressed." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog 
 
 BIR 
 
 Birkenhead, or Bcrkenhead, Sir John, 1615 ?- 
 1679, was entered a servitor of Oriel College, Oxford, in 
 1632. During the Civil War, to Birkenhead was confided 
 the editorship of Mercurius Aulicun, or the Court Mercury, 
 the vehicle of communication between the court at Oxford 
 and the rest of the kingdom. It was printed weekly in 
 one sheet, and sometimes more. It was pub. from Janu 
 ary 1, 1642, to the end of 1645, and afterwards occasion 
 ally. This Court journal was opposed by the Parliament 
 in the Mercurius Britannicus, written by Marchamont 
 Needham. Sir John excelled in satirical wit, and pub. a 
 number of works in which this dangerous talent was not 
 spared. The Assembly Man, written in 1647, printed in 
 1662-63. This was intended as a representative of the 
 Westminster divines who favoured the Presbyterian plan. 
 
 " The copy of it was taken from the author by those who said 
 they could not rob because all was theirs : so exciz'd what they 
 liked not, and so mangled and reformed it that 'twas no character 
 of an assembler, but of themselves." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 News from Pembroke and Montgomery, 1648. Two 
 Centuries of St. Paul's Churchyard, 1649, 4to, pub. in 
 three separate sheets. 
 
 " The spirited humour of this little book is admirable, and wor 
 thy the pen of a Butler." PATERSON : Bibl. Westiana, p. 205. 
 
 Dr. Grey uses it freely in his notes on Hudibras. See 
 Censura Literaria, 1815, vi. 290. 
 
 The Four-legged Quaker. A New Ballade of a Famous 
 German Prince. Besides other pieces of his own, Birken 
 head pub. at the desire of Robert Waring, who wished to 
 be unknown, his Effigies Amoris, Ac., Lon., 1649, 12mo. 
 Mr. Norris, of Bemerton, trans, this work under the title 
 of The Picture of Love Unveiled, 1682. 
 
 " Satire was Birkenhead's principal excellence, and in genuine 
 powers of ridicule he had no superior at a time when those powers 
 were called forth and well rewarded by both parties." 
 
 The Assembly Man, Two Centuries of St. Paul's Church 
 yard, and News from Pembroke and Montgomery, will be 
 found reprinted in the Harleian Miscellany, vols. v. and ix. 
 
 Birkhead, Henry, b. 1617, was educated at Trinity 
 College, Oxford, joined the Jesuits at St. Omer's, returned 
 to the Church of England, and was, by the influence of 
 Archbishop Laud, elected Fellow of All Souls'. In Trapp's 
 Lectures on Poetry he is styled "Founder of the Poetical 
 Lectures," 1707. Poemata, Ac., Oxon., 1656, 12mo. Otium 
 Literarium, Ac., (with H. Stubbe,) 1656, 8vo. He pub. 
 some of the works of Henry Jacob, and wrote some Latin 
 elegies on the loyalists who suffered for their adherence to 
 Charles I. 
 
 " He was accounted an excellent Latin poet, a good Grecian, 
 and well versed in all human learning." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Birkhead, Henry. See BURKHEAD. 
 
 Birkin, William. A new edit, of Jones's Sheridan's 
 Dictionary, completely corrected and enlarged by the ad 
 dition of several hundred words. 
 
 " Immense pains and labour have been bestowed in revising the 
 present edition of this popular work. The accentuation, pronun 
 ciation, and definition of every word have been most carefully ex 
 amined ; and the editor trusts he has made it a valuable and use 
 ful assistant to the student." 
 
 Birkitt, Edward. Sermons, 1770-80, 4to. 
 
 Birks, A. and J. Arithmet. Collections, 1765. 
 
 Birks, T. R., Rector of Kelshall, Herts. Theolog. 
 Treatises, 1843, Ac. Rev. E. Bickersteth considers this 
 author's Elements of Prophecy (1843, 12mo) 
 
 " !A. full answer to difficulties raised by futurists." 
 
 Birnie, William, Minister of Lanark. The Blame 
 of Kirkburial, tending to persuade Cemiterial Civility. 
 Edin., 1606, 4to. Reprinted, Lon., 1833, 4to. 
 
 Birrell,Andrew. Henry and Almeira,Trag.,1802,8vo. 
 The name of this author occurs in Biographia Dramatics, 
 already noticed by us in our article on David Erskine 
 Baker, (ante.) 
 
 Birt, Isaiah. Vindication of the Baptists, 1795. 
 
 Birt, John. Theolog. Treatises, 1813-14. 
 
 Birt, John. A Summary of the Principles and His 
 tory of Popery, 8vo. 
 
 " We have seldom, if ever, seen so large a body of facts, exhi 
 bited with perfect perspicuity, within so small a compass ; the au 
 thor's complete mastery of the subject appears from the ease with 
 which he has condensed an immense mass of historical matter 
 without the least indication of disorder or confusion." REV. ROBT.' 
 HALL : Eclectic JReview, May, 1824. 
 
 Birt, William Radcliffe. The Hurricane Guide, 8vo. 
 
 " This work is one which demands the attention of all who are 
 interested in the well-being of that large portion of our fellow- 
 countrymen engaged in ' business on the deep waters.' We would 
 urge all who are in any way connected with those mighty steamers 
 to procure a copy, study it well, and follow the author's advice, 
 He is well known in scientific circles as having devoted close atten 
 tion for many years to the subject of atmospheric waves, and from 
 his position, his opinions are worthy of the most attentive regard." 
 Hampshire Independent. 
 
 193 
 
BIS 
 
 BIS 
 
 Bisbie, Nathaniel, D.D., d. 1695, rector of Long 
 Melford, near Sudbury, Suffolk. Sermons, 1682, '83, '84. 
 '86. 
 
 " Esteemed an excellent preacher, and a zealous person for the 
 Church of England ; but, 1690, refusing to take the oaths to King 
 William III. and Queen Mary, was deprived of his rectory." 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Bischoflf, David. The Nomenclator, 1781, 8vo. 
 
 Bischoff, Fred., Oculist A Treatise on the Extrac 
 tion of the Cataract, Lon., 1793, 8vo. 
 
 Bischoff, James. A Comprehensive History of the 
 Woollen Trade, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Bischoff's work will be found valuable to all persons inte 
 rested in the subject." Lon. Athe.ncmm. 
 
 " A vast mass of curious and valuable information, acceptable 
 to readers of varied tastes, even though quite unconnected with 
 manufactures and trade." Lon. Times. 
 
 Bisco, John. Theolog. Treatises, Lon., 1655-65, 8vo. 
 
 Biscoe, C. Statutes and Laws of the Isle of Man; 
 from the Original Records. Printed at Douglass, 8vo. 
 
 Biscoe, Richard, d. 1748, rector of St. Martin Out- 
 wich, London. The History of the Acts of the Holy 
 Apostles, confirmed from other authors, and considered as 
 full evidence of the Truth of Christianity; being the sub 
 stance of his sermons at the Boyle Lectures in 1736, '37, 
 '38, Lon., 1742, 2 vols. 8vo ; Oxford, 1829, 1 vol. 8vo; 
 1840, 1 vol. 8vo. Trans, into German, Magdeburg, 
 1751, 4to. 
 
 " An elaborate and valuable work, showing, in the most con 
 vincing way, how incontestably the Acts of the Apostles demon 
 strate the truth of Christianity." DR. DODDRIDQE. 
 
 " These volumes afford some valuable information on the topics 
 of which they treat. Dr. Lightfoot had before collected a great 
 deal on the same subject, but it is better digested in the work of 
 Mr. Biscoe." Orwie's Bib. Bibl. 
 
 Bishop, Alfred. Christian Memorials of the 19th 
 Century, or Select Evangelical Biography for the last 25 
 years. 
 
 " In this work will be found the memoirs of above forty eminent 
 individuals of both sexes ; and a work better suited for a present 
 to young people, or for a Sunday-school library, cannot well be 
 found." 
 
 Bishop, Charles. Sermons, 1769, 4to. 
 
 Bishop, George. New England Judged, 1661. 
 This is an account of the persecutions endured by the 
 Quakers in New England "from the beginning of the 5th 
 m., 1656, to the end of the 10th m., 1660." 
 
 Bishop, Hawley. Sermon, 1747, 8vo. 
 
 Bishop, Sir Henry Rowley, 1783-1855, Professor 
 of Music in the University of Oxford, is the only musical 
 professor who has been honoured by the compliment of 
 knighthood. He is the author of numerous musical com 
 positions. 
 
 Bishop, Joel P., b. 1814, at Volney, Oswego county, 
 N. York. Commentaries on the Law of Marriage and Di 
 vorce, and Evidence in Matrimonial Suits, Boston, 1853, 
 8vo ; 2d ed., 1856. 
 
 " His references to cases and to writers are copious ; the results 
 of the decisions, in so far as they have resulted in establishing a 
 rule, are clearly stated ; and his reasonings on open questions and 
 conflicting doctrines are forcible, suggestive, and illustrated with 
 very ample learning." RUFUS CHOATE. 
 
 " A very valuable addition to our legal literature. Such an Ame 
 rican book was much wanted, and the author has accomplished his 
 work in a manner highly creditable to him." Law Reporter. 
 
 Commentaries on the Criminal Law, Boston, 2 vols. 8vo : 
 vol.i., 1856; vol. ii., 1858. 
 
 Bishop, John. Beavtifvll Blossomes gathered from 
 the best Trees of all kyndes, &c., London, for Henrie 
 Cockyn, 1577, 4to. Reprinted, 1578, 4tb, under the title 
 of A Garden of Recreation. 
 
 Bishop, John. The Messiah, and the Creation; for 
 Voice and Piano, Lon., 2 vols. fol., 1843. 
 
 " The great merit of both these works appears to consist in the 
 different airs being thoroughly incorporated in the instrumental 
 parts." Lon. Times, Jan. 21, 1843. 
 
 Bishop, Mary. Poetical Tales and Miscellanies, 
 1812. St. Oswald; and other Poems, 1813. 
 
 Bishop, Matthew. His Life and Adventures, Lon., 
 1744, 8vo. 
 
 " Matthew was a perfect original ; and in his description of his 
 own exploits has unconsciously given an extremely laughable 
 
 Bishop, R. East India Navigator's Assistant, Lon., 
 1773, 4to. 
 
 Bishop, Rev. Samuel, 1731-1795, Master of Mer 
 chant Tailor School, London; and a poet. Essays and 
 Poems, 1763. Feriae Poeticee, 1764, 4to. Poetical Works 
 with Mem. of his Life by Rev. T. Clare, Lon., 1796, 2 vols. 
 4to. Sermons, Lon., 1798, 8vo. The Farce of High Life 
 Below Stairs, ascribed to Garrick, is said to have been the 
 production of Mr. Bishop. 
 194 
 
 Bishop, Thomas. Eight Sermons at Lady Moyer's 
 Lecture, Lon., 1726, 8vo. Abridgt. of Pearson's Exposi 
 tion of the Creed, Lon., 1729, 8vo. 
 
 Bishop, William. Sermons, Oxf., 1823, '25, '28. 
 
 Bishop, William, 1533-1624, Vicar Apostolical in 
 England, and the first Popish Bishop sent thither after the 
 Reformation, was a native of Brayles in Warwickshire. 
 A Reproof of Dr. Abbott's Defence of the Catholic Re 
 formed, by W. Perkins, Lon., 1608, 4to. Disproof of Dr. 
 Abbott's Counter-Proof against Dr. Bishop's Reproof of 
 Mr. Perkin's Reformed Catholic. Part 1, Paris, 1614, 8vo. 
 For a list of his works see Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., ii. 
 856. He pub. an edit, of Pits's De Illustribus Anglicae 
 Scriptoribus, 1623, to which he wrote a very learned 
 preface. 
 
 " He was sent into England by the holy see for the comfort of 
 Catholics, where he so modestly behaved himself, that he was by 
 all, both clergy and seculars, dearly beloved and honoured." 
 THOMAS WHITE, a Benedictine monk of Douay. 
 
 Bishop, Sir William. Con. to Med. Facts, 1800. 
 
 Bishopric, Robert. Con. to Med. Com., 1793, '94, '95. 
 
 Bishton, I. General View of the Agricult. of the 
 County of Salop, with Observations on the Means of its 
 Improvement, Lon., 1794, 4to. 
 
 " It seems to be one of the meanest county reports." Donald 
 son's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Bispham, Thomas. Iter Australe, &c., 1548, 4to. 
 
 " An ingenious Latin poem." \Vooi>. 
 
 Bissat, Bisset, or Bissart, Patrick, 1500-1568, 
 Professor of Canon Law in the University of Bonomia, in 
 Italy, was descended from the Earls of Fife in Scotland, 
 and born in that country. P. Bissarti Opera Omnia : viz., 
 Poemata, Orationes, Lectiones Feriales, Venice, 1565, 4to. 
 
 " He was not only a learned civilian, but an excellent poet, ora 
 tor, and philosopher." 
 
 Bisse, James. Sermons at Paules Crosse, 1580, '84. 
 
 Bisse, Philip, Bishop of St. David's, 1710; Here 
 ford, 1712. Sermons, 1710, '11, '17, 4to. 
 
 Bisse, Thomas, d. 1731, brother of the above, was 
 educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxf. He pub. a num 
 ber of Sermons, Ac., 1708-29, and a vol. of Discourses on 
 the Lord's Prayer was pub. 1740, 8vo. His Beauty of 
 Holiness, in the Common Prayer, has been highly com 
 mended : 
 
 ; ' Interesting and attractive, it treats upon matters entirely 
 overlooked by previous and subsequent commentators." 
 
 Bisset, Andrew. A Practical Treatise on the Law 
 of Estates for Life, Lon., 1842, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Bisset's book contains all that is essential within its pro 
 found range, and displays equal learning and judgment." Mar 
 vin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 Bisset, Charles, M.D., 1717-1791, for some time a 
 lieutenant in the royal army, pub. a number of medical and 
 other works. Treatise on Fortifications, Lon., 1751, 4to. 
 The Medical Constitution of Great Britain, 1760. Medi 
 cal Essays and Observations. These works were trans, 
 into German by Moeller, Breslau, 1779-81. In Pettigrew's 
 Memoirs and Corresp. of Lettsom, will be found an inte- 
 testing medical corresp. between Drs. Bisset and Lettsom. 
 
 Bisset, J. Poetical works, Essays on the Drama, Ac., 
 1800, '02, '04. 
 
 Bisset, Robert, a Scotchman, d. 1805, aged 46, a 
 schoolmaster and an author. Life of Edmund Burke, 
 Lon., 1798, 8vo. Douglass, a Novel, 1800. History of 
 the Reign of George III., 6 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1804. 
 
 " The author's chief aim has been to discover all that was favour 
 able in the public characters of the day ; a disposition which, how 
 ever amiable, deprives history of one of her most august func 
 tions." Lon. Montltly Review, 1804. 
 
 " Dr. Bisset's History is highly praiseworthy it narrates with 
 greater detail and completeness than Macfarlane, Belsham, or 
 Adolphus, the transactions of the present reign. The style is na 
 tural, yet elegant ; the information abundant, yet select ; tbe cri 
 ticism loyal, yet liberal. In short, it appears to us more likely than 
 any of the rival histories to annex itself to Hume and Smollett, 
 as the regular and generally-received continuation of the History 
 of England." An. Rev. vol. iii. 
 
 " We must recommend this as a work replete with both infor 
 mation and amusement and while it is free from any spirit of 
 party, it breathes throughout a firm attachment to temporal free 
 dom and the spirit of the British Constitution, a sincere regard 
 for the British character, and a just veneration for the rights of 
 reason, of religion, and morality." Lit. Jmtm., vol. iii. 
 
 Modern Literature, a Novel, 1804, 12mo. Dr. B. edit, the 
 
 " Spectator with illustrative notes, and very ingenious lives of 
 the authors." 8 vols. 8vo, 1796. 
 
 Bisset, Thomas. Sermons, Edin., 1788, 8vo. 
 
 Bisset, William, Rector of Whiston, Northampton 
 shire. Sermons on the Reformation of Manners, 1704, 8vo. 
 The Modern Fanatick, being an Account of Dr. Pacheverell, 
 1710-11, 8vo. This coarse attack was answered by Dr. S. s 
 friends, which response elicited another pamphlet from 
 Bisset. Funeral Sermon, 1727, 8vo. Bisset and his oppo- 
 
BIT 
 
 BLA 
 
 nents seem neither to have given quarter nor have aske 
 for any. 
 
 Biterswigg, Pendavid. Three Original Poems 
 with his Will and Testament, (posth.) 
 
 Blaauw, Wm. Henry. The Barons' War, in 
 eluding the Battles of Lewes and Evesham. 
 
 " I n the long reign of Henry III., the most interesting occurrenc 
 is the Barons' War, in the midst of which Parliament first acquire 
 its representative character under the influence of Simon d 
 Montfort. The circumstances of this detached period of Britis 
 history have been combined with such detailed particulars of th 
 persons who took part in them as an examination of the docu 
 ments, chronicles, and poems of that age seems to warrant." 
 
 Black. Speeches at Synod of Ulster in 1812. 
 
 Black, David, 1762-1806, Minister of Lady Tester' 
 Church, Edinburgh. Sermons on Important Subjects 
 Edin., 1808, 8vo. 
 
 " These sermons are models for pulpit composition ; they discove 
 an intimate acquaintance with the doctrines, and enforce the pre 
 cepts of Christianity upon principles arising therefrom." 
 
 Black's sermons abound in good sense and useful observations 
 and just sentiments of religion conveyed in lively and elegan 
 Language." BISHOP PORTEUS. 
 
 Black, James. Tillage of the Earth, and Theory o 
 Instruments adapted to this End, Lon., 1778, 4to. 
 
 " A long dissertation on the relative advantages of horses am 
 oxen as beasts of draught, the prime cost and maintenance of each 
 animal, is hardly able to establish the ox as superior to the horse 
 which seems to be the object of the calculation. The sketches of 
 implements are little worth." Donaldson's AffriciM. Biog. 
 
 Black, John. Palaeoromaica, or Historical and Phi 
 lological Disquisitions, <fcc., Lon., 1823, 8vo. The hypo 
 thesis maintained in this work is that the received text of 
 the Greek Testament is a servile trans, from a Latin ori 
 ginal long since lost, and that this trans, was made by a 
 writer imperfectly acquainted with both of the languages in 
 question. See criticisms upon this production in reviews 
 of it by Rt. Rev. Dr. Blomfield, Bishop of London ] Brit 
 Critic, 1823; Rev. J. J. Conybeare's Examination, Oxf. 
 1823; Rev. W. C. Broughton's Examination, Lon., 1823, 
 8vo; Bishop Burgess's P.S. to 2d ed. Vindic. of 1 John 
 v. 7, (Lon., 1823) and in Home's Introduction. 
 
 " Absurd reasonings and mischievous tendency of this paradox! 
 cal publication.''! 1 . H. HORNE. 
 
 " It is a work of very extensive reading and research, and 
 abounds with valuable quotations. But the materials are as des 
 titute of selection as the author's strictures are of simplicity and 
 candour." Postscript, p. 196. 
 
 Black, John. Theolog. and poetical works, 1785-1801 
 
 Black, John. Mutiny on the Lady Shore, Lon. 
 1798, 8vo. 
 
 Black, John, 1783-1855, Editor Lon. Morning Chron. 
 1823-44. The Life of Torquato Tasso ; with an Historical 
 and Critical Account of his Writings, Edin., 1810, 2 vols. 
 4to. This work has been highly commended. See J. H. 
 Wiffen's Jerusalem Delivered. Polit. Essay on the King 
 dom of New Spain ; from the French of A. de Humboldt, 
 Lon., 1811, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " To write a book on Mexico without referring to Baron Hum 
 boldt at almost every page is nearly impossible; he was the first 
 who applied the lights of science to the New World." H. G Ward's 
 Mexico, which see. 
 
 Memoirs of Goldoni, written by himself, trans, from the 
 Italian, Lon., 1813, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "Gibbon, the historian, has pronounced the Memoirs of Goldoni 
 to be more truly dramatic than his Comedies. Lord Byron has 
 also pronounced the Life of Goldoni to be one of the best specimens 
 ot autobiography. It is replete with anecdote." 
 
 A Course of Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature 
 from the German of Wm. Augustus Schlegel, 1815, 2 vols 
 1846 givo ^ H * G * B hn ' S Standard Library, Lon.j 
 " The present work contains a critical and historical account of 
 the ancient and modern drama-the Greek, the Latin the Italian 
 the French, the Spanish, and the German The view -which the 
 author has taken of the standard productions, whethe^ tragic or 
 POIIIIC, in these different languages, is, in general, ingeniouf and 
 just, and his speculative Reasonings on the .Principles of VtSfe ae 
 often as satisfactory as they are profound. . . . Wehave, we trust 
 sa.d enough of this work to recommend it to the reader. We oht 
 %S^*fS^ aPPearS t0 be * -pectable."- 
 || This is a work of extraordinary merit." Lon. Quart. R m 
 
 In a few pages we reap the fruit of the labour of a whole life- 
 every opinion formed by the author, every epithet given to the 
 
 The reader should procure the following work, also 
 Lectures on the History of Literature, Ancient and Modern 
 2v 8 8vo U f Frederick Schlegel, Lon., 1818, 
 
 "Though concise, Schlegel's work is so comprehensive in its 
 range, that it is alone almost sufficient to make the reader a literary 
 person." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 " By far the most rational and profound view of the history ot 
 literature which has yet been presented to Europe. .BfocA"U>o(xF s 
 Magazine.. 
 
 " Frederick Schlegel has more originality of genius than almost 
 any other celebrated man in Germany ; but, far from depending 
 on that originality, though it promised him much success, he en 
 deavours to assist it by extensive study. It is a great proof of our 
 respect for the human species, when we dare not address it from 
 the suggestions of our own minds, without having first conscien 
 tiously examined into all that has been left to us by our predeces 
 sors as an inheritance." MADAME DE STAEL." 
 
 Black, John. Key to Mair's Introduction, 1818. 
 
 Black, Joseph, M.D., 1728-1799, an eminent chemist 
 and physician, was the son of an Irish merchant who re 
 sided at Bordeaux when the subject of this notice was 
 born. He entered the University of Glasgow in 1746, and 
 became a favourite pupil of the celebrated Cullen, who 
 instilled into his youthful mind that love of chemical in 
 vestigations by which he afterwards became so highly dis 
 tinguished. He took the degree of M.D. at Edinburgh in 
 1754, and won great credit for the ability displayed in his 
 thesis Dissertatio Medica de Humore Acido a Cibis orto, 
 et Magnesia Alba. This paper, with a continuation writ 
 ten the next year, will be found in the Essays Physical 
 and Literary, Edin., 1756. In this dissertation he "gave 
 an account of one of the most important discoveries in 
 chemistry, which is generally considered as the source of 
 much that has immortalized the names of Cavendish, Priest 
 ley, and others, memorable for their acquisitions in the 
 knowledge of aerial bodies. This was no other than the 
 existence of an aerial fluid, which he denominated fixed 
 air, the presence of which gave mildness, and its absence 
 causticity, to alkalies and calcareous earths." His discove 
 ries at a subsequent period with respect to water in various 
 conditions, latent heat, cold, &c., (1762-91,) are well known 
 to the profession. The theory of latent heat was undoubt 
 edly a principal leading step to some of the grand discove 
 ries made by Lavoisier, Laplace, and others; yet these 
 chemists scarcely ever named Dr. Black in their disserta 
 tions; and Mr. Deluc had the impudence to claim the 
 theory of latent heat as his own. In 1756 he was ap 
 pointed to the chair of Chemistry and Anatomy at Glas 
 gow, but the latter being distasteful to him, he exchanged 
 it for that of Medicine. In 1766 he succeeded his old pre 
 ceptor, Dr. Cullen, as Professor of Chemistry at Edinburgh. 
 His lectures were so celebrated that few gentlemen left 
 Edinburgh without having attended one course or more. 
 At the time of his death, in 1799, he enjoyed the distin 
 guished honour of being one of the eight foreign members 
 of the Academy of Sciences at Paris. His Lectures on 
 Chemistry were pub. from his MSS. by Dr. Robison, Edin., 
 1803, 2 vols. 4to. The Papers referred to above as pub. in 
 the Essays Phys. and Lit,, vol. ii. 157, were subsequently 
 pub. in a 12mo vol. in Edin. The celebrated paper, The 
 supposed effect of Boiling on Water in disposing it to freeze 
 more readily, ascertained by experiment, will be found in 
 Phil. Trans. Abr. xiii. 610, 1775, and the Analysis of the 
 Waters of some Hot Springs in Iceland was pub. in Ed. 
 Phil. Trans, iii. part 2, 95, 1794. 
 
 " Considered as a philosopher, Black ranks amongst the highest 
 )f those who have wrought out great theories. Induction was the 
 >nly method by which he sought to discover truth. His character 
 n this respect contrasts strongly with that of some other of our 
 distinguished chemists." British Quarterly Review, vol. ii. 
 
 "The discovery which he first made was the last of being com 
 pleted. He never could be induced to publish any account of it 
 x> the world, notwithstanding the constant attempts of his rivals 
 to deprive him of the claim. He was at all times averse to publi 
 cation, and fastidious to an uncommon degree in his judgment of 
 his own compositions." 
 
 See Lord Brougham's article in Ed. Review, vol. iii. ; 
 
 ,lso his Lives of Men of Letters and Science temp. Geo. 
 
 [II; Robison's Life of Black in the Literary Journal, Ac. 
 
 Chalmers's Biog. Die.; Bibliotheque Britannique, vol. 
 
 xxviii. ; Georgian Era. 
 
 Black, Samuel, M.D. Con. to Mem. Med., 1795, 
 L805 07. 
 
 ,J5l Iack ' Wm Privilege of Royal Burrows, Edin., 
 
 1707, 1 L'IHO. 
 
 Black, Wm., M.D. Profess, works, 1771-1811. He 
 jub. m 1782, 8vo, An Historical Sketch of Medicine and 
 Surgery ; from their origin to the present time, Ac. 
 
 "We pay the author no great compliment when we observe, 
 hat the execution of it is more to be commended than the plan." 
 Lon. Monthly Review, 1783. 
 
 Blackadder, H. H., Surgeon. Observations on 
 hagedaena Gangraenosa, in 2 parts, 1818, 8vo. 
 Blackadder, Lt. Col. J. Life and Diary of, Edin., 
 824, 12mo. 
 
 195 
 
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 Blackall, Anthony. Sermon, 1704, 4to. 
 
 Blackall, John, M.D. Observations on the Nature 
 and Cure of Dropsies, Lon., 1813, Svo; 1814, 1818. 
 
 Blackall, or Blackball, Offspring, 1654-1716, was 
 a native of London, and educated at Catherine Hall, Cam 
 bridge. He was made Bishop of Exeter in 1707. He en 
 gaged in several warm controversies with Toland and 
 Bishop Hoadly; Bishop Offspring favouring the cause of 
 Charles I. and high-church principles. Besides these 
 pamphlets, he pub. 8 Sermons, 1700, Svo ; 15 do., 1706, Svo j 
 14 do., 1706; some single discourses, and in 1717 his prac 
 tical Discourses on the Sermon on the Mount were pub. in 
 8 vols. Svo. His works were pub. in 1723, 2 vols. fol., 
 with life by Archbishop Dawes. 
 
 " His manner of preaching was so excellently easy, clear, judi 
 cious, substantial, pious, affecting, and upon all accounts truly 
 useful and edifying, that he universally acquired the reputation 
 of being one of the best preachers of his time." ABP. DAWES. 
 
 " The sermons of this worthy divine are models for an easy, 
 natural, and familiar way of writing." DR. WATERLAND. 
 
 Blackall, Theophilus. Sermons, 1730, 4to. 
 
 Blackall, Thos. Poll of Oxfordshire, Oxf., 1754, Svo. 
 
 Blackamore, A. A Summary of Christian Antiqui 
 ties, Lon., 1722, 2 vols. Svo. See BINGHAM, JOSEPH. 
 
 Blackborrow, Peter. The Longitude not Found, 
 an answer to H. Bird, Lon., 1678, 4to. Navigation Recti 
 fied, 1684, Svo. 
 
 Blackbourne, John, 1683-1741, educated at Trinity 
 College, Cambridge, a Nonjuring Bishop, corrected the 
 press for Bowyer, and edited the castrations of Holinshed's 
 Chronicle, and of Bayle's Chronycle concernynge syr Johan 
 Oldecastell. Mattaire praises him in his Lives of the Paris 
 Printers, 1717, and in his Miscellanea aliquot Scriptorum 
 carmina, 1722. See Nichols's account of him in the 
 Literary Anecdotes. 
 
 Blackburn, J. Serm., 1749, Svo. 
 
 Blackburn, John. Hand-Book round Jerusalem, 
 Lon., 1849, 12mo. Prize Essay on the Religious Book So 
 ciety, 12mo. Rise and Ruin of Nineveh, 12mo, illustrated. 
 
 Blackburne, E. L. Architectural Account of Crosby 
 Place, Lon., Svo. Decorative Painting of the Middle Ages, 
 1848, 4to. 
 
 Blackburne, Francis, 1705-1787, a native of Rich 
 mond in Yorkshire, was educated at Catherine Hall, Cam 
 bridge, collated to the Archdeaconry of Cleveland in 1750. 
 He pub. some sermons, &c., 1742-63, but is best known by 
 The Confessional, or an Inquiry into the Right and Utility 
 of Establishing Systematical Confessions of Faith, Lon., 
 1766, Svo, (anony.) This work elicited a warm controversy, 
 which lasted for more than six years, and produced 70 to 
 80 pamphlets. Archbishop Seeker was very anxious to see 
 Blackburne confuted. 
 
 " The author of this work, who is well known to be a very learned 
 clergyman of the Church of England, takes so much notice of all 
 the writers who opposed his sentiments, that there is no need to 
 give a particular enumeration of the several pamphlets which were 
 written against it." BISHOP WATSON. 
 
 See a review of the controversy in the Gentleman's 
 Magazine, vols. xli. and xlii. 
 
 Historical View of the Controversy concerning an In 
 termediate State, Lon., 1772? Svo. 
 
 " Written to establish the sleep of the soul. Bishop Law, in an 
 Appendix to the Theory of Religion, seeks also to establish it He 
 was well answered by Prof. Campbell in his sixth dissertation." 
 
 BlCKERSTETH. 
 
 Works with Life, by his son, Francis Blackburne, Lon., 
 1804, 7 vols. Svo. 
 
 " A keen and energetic writer ; an elegant and persuasive 
 preacher; a faithful pastor and exemplary guide; a just, humane, 
 pious, temperate, and independent man." Life, by his son. 
 
 Blackburne, Lancelot, d. 1743, Bishop of Exeter, 
 1716, Archp. of York, 1724, pub. sermons, &c., 1694-1716. 
 
 Blackburne, Thomas, M.D., d. 1782, aged 33, son 
 of Francis, (see ante,) was educated at Cambridge. He 
 pub. De Medici Institutis, Edin., 1775; contributions to a 
 medical periodical; and a paper which will be found in Dr. 
 F. S. Simmons's work on the Tsenia, Lon., 1778, Svo. Lon. 
 Med. Journal. 
 
 Blackburne, Wm., M.D. Cure of Scarlet Fever, 
 Lon., 1803, Svo. 
 
 Blackenbury, E. 53 Discourses, 1806, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Blacker, Lt. Col. Valentine. Operations of the 
 British Army in India during the Mahratta War of 1817 
 '18, '19 ; 2 vols. 4to, 1821. Pub. at 4 14*. 6rf. Commended 
 as a very comprehensive and accurate work. 
 
 Blacker, Sir Wm. 1. Claims of the Landed Interest, 
 Svo. 2. Improvements to be made on small farms in Ireland 
 by means of green crops and feeding animals in the stalls. 
 Some pamphlets on the currency, proposing the use of an 
 inconvertible paper-money, 1834, Svo. 
 
 | " In our opinion, no writer on Ireland ever looked at the coun 
 try in the true light, except Mr. Blacker; the means that are 
 wanted must be afforded, and the demands of rent must be mode 
 rate, in order to allow the gradual possession of capital in the hands 
 of tenantry. . . . Mr. Blacker has left a name of very enviable repu 
 tation." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Blackerby, Rev. Samuel. An Historical account of 
 Penal Laws made by Papists against Protestants, and by 
 Protestants against Papists, Lon., 1689, fol. Justice of the 
 Peace, his Companion, Lon., 1734, 7 vols. 12mo. 
 
 "For his way of preaching, I am well acquainted with it: he 
 is not ambitious of that which some call the knack of preaching; 
 to start some spruce notion, or crop the flowers of elegancy. But 
 his dexterity lies in that which Luther terms the right Art of 
 Preaching to hold forth Jesus Christ, and true grace, in a search 
 ing way, that his people may learn to swim to Heaven in a Gospel 
 channel." THOMAS HOLBOROUOH. 
 
 Blacket, Joseph, 1786-1810, the son of a labourer 
 of Yorkshire, printed in 1809, for private circulation, spe 
 cimens of the Poetry of Joseph Blacket. His Remains, 
 with Life by Pratt, appeared in 1811, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " Taking Mr. Blacket's humble connections and narrow educa 
 tion into the account, we must confess that he was an extraordi 
 nary youth."- Lon. Monthly Review, 1811. 
 
 Blackett, B. E. Sermons, 1753, '60, '71, 4to. 
 
 Blackett, Mary D. Suicide, a Poem, 1789, 4to. 
 
 Blackford, C. Hints to Cultivators of the Sugar 
 Cane, Phil. Mag. xiii. 289, 1814. 
 
 Blackford, Isaac. Cases in Superior Court of In 
 diana, 1817-44, 5 vols. Svo, Indianapolis, 1830-44. 
 
 ' ; These volumes have the reputation of being among the best 
 American reports. Most of the dissentient opinions are omitted, 
 as well as the arguments of counsel, which is a very commendable 
 example to all other reporters." Marvin's Lf.gal Bibl. 
 
 Blackball, Offspring. See BLACKALL. 
 
 Blackleack, John. Endeavours aiming at the glory 
 of God, that Peace and Truth may meet together; with an 
 Account of the best Forms of Government, Lon., 1650, 4to. 
 
 Blackley, Thomas. Practical Sermons, 3 vols. 
 1826, 12rno. 
 
 " The subjects of the discourses are almost all interesting, and 
 the leading doctrines of Christianity are brought forward to notice 
 in a very prominent manner." Edinburgh Theological Magazine. 
 
 Blackley, William, domestic chaplain to the Rt. 
 Hon. Viscount Hill. Correspondence of the Rt. Hon. 
 Richard Hill. 
 
 " Mr. Hill's Correspondence, though not set forth with any such 
 view, is a supplement to the Maryborough Despatches, and a need 
 ful explanation of them on some material points." Lon. Examiner. 
 
 Blacklock, Ambrose, Surgeon, of Dumfries. Trea 
 tise on Sheep and the Wool Trade, Lon., 1838, ISmo. 
 
 ''The contents treat only the black-faced breed of Scotland, 
 which are a small portion of the feniily of sheep. The anatomy 
 of the animal and diseases are well delineated." Donaldso-n't 
 Agricult. Sing. 
 
 The 70 Weeks of Daniel, Lon., 1850, Svo. 
 
 Blacklock, Thomas, 1721-1791, was a native of 
 Annan in Scotland; his parents were English. When 
 only six months old, he lost his sight by sinall-pox, and 
 suffered under total blindness all his life. Notwithstand 
 ing this deprivation, he acquired a very respectable know 
 ledge of Greek, Latin, French, Italian, Theology, and 
 gained considerable distinction as an author. After a 
 course of study at the University in Edinburgh, he was 
 licensed as a preacher in the Church of Scotland in 1759, 
 and in 1767 received the diploma of D.D. from Aberdeen. 
 His first publication was a volume of Poems in 1754, Edin., 
 Svo, to which was prefixed an Account of his life, cha 
 racter, and writings, by his friend, the Rev. Joseph Spence, 
 Professor of Poetry at Oxford. Mr. B. contributed to a 
 Collection of Poems, pub. Edin., 1760, 12mo. Paraclesis, 
 partly trans, from Cicero, appeared in 1767, Edin., Svo. 
 Two Discourses on the Spirit and Evidences of Chris 
 tianity, from the French of Armand, 1768. He also pub. A 
 Satirical Panegyric on Great Britain; The Graham, an 
 Heroic Ballad; Remarks on the Nature and Extent of 
 Liberty. In 1793 appeared Poems, together with an 
 article on the Education of the Blind, [pub. in Encyc. 
 Brit.] to which is prefixed A New Account of the Life and 
 Writings of the Author, by Henry Mackenzie, Esq., 4to. 
 In 1762 he married"-* lady who proved admirably calcu 
 lated to promote his happiness. 
 
 " I have known him dictate from thirty to forty verses and by 
 no means bad ones as fast as I could write them ; but the mo 
 ment he was at a loss for verse, or a rhyme, to his liking, he stopt 
 altogether, and could very seldom be induced to tinish what he 
 had begun with so much ardour." Statement of a friend. 
 
 " He never could dictate till he stood up; and as his blindness 
 made walking about without assistance inconvenient or dangerous 
 to him, he fell insensibly into a vibratory sort of motion with his 
 body, which increased as he warmed with his subject and w 
 pleased with the conceptions of his mind." REV. JOSEVH SPENCJ 
 
 The attainments of Mr. Blacklock under so great a dis- 
 
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 advantage as blindness are a standing rebuke to those 
 " who having eyes see not," and pass through life with j 
 minds almost as much unfurnished as when they com 
 menced their probation. 
 
 " Few men blessed with the most perfect sight can describe 
 visual objects with more spirit and justness than this blind man." 
 BURKE : Essay on the Sublime and Bnaut>ful, which see. 
 
 " Dr. Johnson talked of Mr. Blacklock's poetry, so far as it was 
 descriptive of visible objects ; and observed, that, as its author had 
 the misfortune to be blind, we may be absolutely sure that such 
 passages are combinations of what he has remembered of the works 
 of others who could see. That foolish fellow, .S pence, has laboured 
 to explain philosophically how Blacklock may have done, by means 
 of his own faculties, what it is impossible he should do. The solu 
 tion, as I have given it, is plain. Suppose, I know a man to be so 
 lame he is absolutely incapable to move himself, and I find him 
 in a different room from that in which I left him ; shall I puzzle 
 myself with idle conjectures, that perhaps his nerves have by 
 some unknown change all at once become effective ? No, sir, it is 
 clear how he got into a different room ; he was carried." BosweWs 
 Johnson. 
 
 Blackloe, Thomas. See WHITE, THOMAS. 
 
 Blackmail, John. Collectarium Mansuetudinum et 
 bonorum Morum Regis Henrici VI., etc. Reprinted by 
 Hearne in his edition of Otterbourne. 
 
 Blackmore, John. Addresses to the Sick, 2d ed., 
 Lon., 1828, 24mo. 
 
 Blackmore, Sir Richard, M.D., d. 1729, the son 
 of an attorney in Wilts, matriculated at St. Edmund's Hall, 
 Oxford, in 1668. He was knighted by William III., to 
 whom he was appointed in 1697 physician in ordinary. 
 His publications were numerous : we notice some of the 
 principal. His first work, Prince Arthur, an Heroic Poem, 
 appeared in 1695, and three editions were called for in less 
 than two years. 
 
 " 'Tis strange that an author should have a gamester's fate, and 
 not know when to give over. Had the city-bard stopped his hand 
 at Prince Arthur, he had missed knighthood, 'tis true, but be had 
 gone off with some applause." T. Brown's Wirrks, vol. Jv. 118. 
 
 In 1700 he pub. Paraphrases on Job, the Songs of Moses, 
 Deborah, and David, and on 4 Select Psalms, chapters of 
 Isaiah, and 3d chap, of Habakkuk. The excellent Mat 
 thew Henry quotes more frequently from Blackmore in his 
 commentaries than from any other poet. In the same year 
 he pub. a Satyr against Wit, which so offended the poets of 
 the day, that in T. Brown's Works there are more than 20 
 satirical pieces against Blackmore. One of his assailants 
 joins him to Bentley, thus : 
 
 " A monument of dullness to erect, 
 Bentley should write and Blackmore should correct. 
 Like which no other piece can e'er be wrought, 
 For decency of style and life of thought, 
 But that where Bentley shall in judgment sit, 
 To pare excrescences from Black more's wit." 
 
 Sir Richard might sit very easily under a lash which 
 was aimed also at the great master of classical learning. 
 Dryden declared that Sir Richard wrote his poetry to the 
 "rumbling of his chariot wheels," and waspish little Pope 
 gave him a place in that convenient pillory the Dunciad. 
 In 1713 he commenced a periodical called The Lay Monk; 
 only 40 numbers appeared. Not forgetting his profession, 
 he gave to the world a number of medical works, viz. : On 
 
 &c., 1727. His principal work, Creation, a Philosophical 
 Poem, appeared in 1712, and reached its 4th edit in 1718. 
 This poem has been much admired. Ambrose Philips 
 told Mr. Draper, who told Dr. Johnson, (see Lives of the 
 Poets,) that 
 
 " Blackmore, as he proceeded in this poem, laid his MS. from 
 time to time before a club of wits, with whom he associated- and 
 that every man contributed, as he could, either improvement or 
 correction : so that there are perhaps nowhere in the book thirty 
 lines together that now stand as they were originally written." 
 
 This relation may be received with great doubt Den 
 nis speaks of The Creation in glowing terms : 
 
 " A philosophical poem which has equalled that of Lucretius in 
 the beauty of its versification, and infinitely surpassed -it in the 
 solidity and strength of its reasoning." 
 
 Addison's praise might well be coveted by any poet: 
 
 " It deserves to be looked upon as one of the most useful and 
 noble productions in our English verse. The reader cannot but 
 be pleased to find the depths of philosophy enlivened with all the 
 charms of poetry, and to see so great a strength of reason, amidst 
 so beautiful a redundancy of the imagination." Spectator, No. 339. 
 
 " It wants neither harmony of numbers, accuracy of thought, 
 nor elegance of diction : it has either been written with great care, 
 or, what cannot be imagined of so long a work, with such felicity 
 as made care less necessary." DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 In addition to his other titles to respect, Sir Richard had 
 that ornament without which all other advantages are of 
 little account he was a man of humble and devoted piety. 
 
 Blackmore, R. W., Chaplain of the Russian Com 
 pany in Cronstadt The Doctrine of the Russian Church, 
 
 trans, from the Slavono-Russian, Lon., 1845, 8vo. A Har 
 mony of Anglican Doctrine, with the doctrine of the Apos 
 tolic and Catholic Church of the East, which may serve as 
 an appendix to the vol. entit. The Doctrine of the Russian 
 Church, Aberd., 1846, 8vo. A trans, of Mouravieff's His 
 tory of the Church of Russia, Oxf., 1842, 8vo. 
 
 Blackrie, Alexander. A Disquisition on Medi 
 cines which dissolve the Stone, Lon., 1766, 12mo; 2d ed. 
 enlarged and improved, 1771, 8vo. 
 
 Blackstone, Henry. Reports in Common Pleas 
 and Exchequer, 1788-96, Lon., 2 vols. fol. 1793-96 ; 3d 
 edition with additions, 2 vols. 8vo, 1801; (Phil. 2 vols. 
 8vo, 1808-09 ;) 4th ed., 2 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1827. 
 
 " The reporter has uniformly confined his attention to points of 
 real importance, and throughout his work evinces much accuracy 
 and fidelity, -with as great a degree of conciseness as is consistent 
 with perspicuity." 
 
 Blackstone, Jo., an apothecary. Fasciculus Plan- 
 tarum circa Harefield, etc., Lon., 1737, 8vo. Specimen 
 Botanicum, etc., Lon., 1746, 8vo. 
 
 " Interesting and useful works on botany." 
 
 Blackstone, Sir William, 1723-1780, was the 
 fourth son of Charles Blackstone, a silkman in London. 
 He was placed in the Charter-house School in 1730, and 
 at the age of fifteen was admitted a Commoner of Pem 
 broke College, Oxford. November 20th, 1741, he entered 
 the Middle Temple. Determined to devote himself to the 
 duties of his profession, he bade adieu to the more flowery 
 paths of literature in those well-known verses, The Law 
 yer's Farewell to his Muse, subsequently pub. in vol. 4th of 
 Dodsley's Collection. In Nov., 1743, he was elected into 
 the society of All Souls' College ; June 12th, 1745, he com 
 menced Bachelor of Civil Law ; on the 28th Nov., 1746, 
 he was called to the bar, and April 26th, 1750, he com 
 menced Doctor of Civil Law. It may be some encourage 
 ment to young lawyers to remember that the talents even 
 of Blackstone were at first so much overlooked, that his 
 limited business failed to cover his very moderate ex 
 penses , he therefore resolved to retire from the apology 
 for a practice which he possessed, and support himself by 
 his Fellowship and private lecturing. Accordingly, in Mi 
 chaelmas Term, 1753, he commenced reading two Lectures 
 on the Laws of England to a large and interested auditory. 
 In order to render the duties of his class less difficult, he 
 pub. (1756) an Analysis of the Laws of England, which 
 proved of great service to a comprehension of the subject 
 He had already made his appearance as an author in his 
 Essay (1750) on Collateral Consanguinity, which had re 
 ference to the claims for Fellowships in All Souls' College 
 based upon asserted connexion with the founder, Arch 
 bishop Chicheley. In 1756, Charles Viner, the compiler 
 of an Abridgment of Law and Equity, (see VINER,) died, 
 and bequeathed the sum of 12,000 to the University of 
 Oxford for the establishment of a Law Professorship, and 
 the endowment of Fellowships and Scholarships in Com 
 mon Law. On the 20th Oct., 1758, Blackstone was unani 
 mously elected the first professor, with a salary of 200. 
 His introductory Lecture produced a most favourable im 
 pression, and the Vice-Chancellor and Heads of Houses 
 requested him to publish it. This Lecture will be found 
 prefixed to vol. i. of the Commentaries. The fame of his 
 Lectures reached the ears of George III., then Prince of 
 Wales, who tendered him an invitation to read them to 
 him. His engagements prevented his complying with this 
 flattering request, but he transmitted some specimens to 
 the prince, who begged his acceptance of a handsome 
 token of his approbation. In 1759 he resumed practice 
 in London, visiting Oxford at the periods appointed for 
 his Lectures. In the preceding year he edited a magnifi 
 cent edition of Magna Charta and the Forest Charter. 
 Of this work Professor Smyth remarks : 
 
 "Of his History of the Charters it is in vain to attempt any 
 abridgment; for such is the precision of his taste, and such the 
 importance of the subject, that there is not a sentence in the com 
 position that is not necessary to the whole, and that should not 
 be perused. Whatever other works may be read slightly or 
 omitted, this is one the entire meditation of which can in no re 
 spect be dispensed with. The claims which it has on our atten 
 tion are of no common nature. The labour which this eminent 
 lawyer has bestowed on the subject is sufficiently evident." Lec 
 tures on Modern History. 
 
 In 1761 he was elected to Parliament for the borough 
 of Hindon ; and in the same year had a patent of prece 
 dence granted to him to rank as King's Counsel, having 
 declined the office of Chief Justice of the Court of Com 
 mon Pleas in Ireland. Vacating his Fellowship by mar 
 riage, he was appointed Principal of New Inn Hall, and 
 in 1763 received the appointment of Solicitor to the Queen. 
 In 1770 he was made one of the Judges of the Court of 
 Common Pleas, which office he held for the remaining ten 
 
 197 
 
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 years of his life. As many imperfect and incorrect copies 1 
 of his Lectures were in circulation in MS. among the pro 
 fession, and a pirated edition was understood to be in the 
 press, the author determined to give a correct copy to the 
 world. The Commentaries on the Laws of England were, 
 therefore, pub. in 4 vols. 4to, Oxf., 1765-68. This great 
 work at once superseded the standard manuals Finch's 
 Law, Wood's Institutes, &c. Enemies, however, were not 
 wanting to attack the Commentaries on account of the 
 conservative tone which was charged upon them by the 
 "reformers" of the day. Jeremy Bentham pub. in 1776 
 his Comment upon the Commentaries, and censures the 
 "antipathy to reformation" which he discovered in Black- J 
 stone's volumes. This objection is happily answered by i 
 Mr. Roscoe, who remarks that 
 
 " Blackstone did not profess to be a censor, but merely an ex- j 
 posi tor, of the law." 
 
 " His object was, in fact, to show what the Law of England was, 
 not what it ought to be." Cunningham's Bir.g. Hint. 
 
 Dr. Priestley also pub. some Remarks on the 4th volume, 
 which were answered by Blackstone, 1769, 8vo. Black- 
 stone also pub. Considerations on Copy Holders, and some ; 
 other legal treatises, Reports, <fec., and is author of a vin- j 
 dication of Addison respecting his misunderstanding with : 
 Pope, in the Biog. Brit. See ADDISON. A list of edi- i 
 tions, abridgments of the Commentaries, etc., will be found 
 in Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual ; consult also Anthon, \ 
 Ayres, Bentham, Curry, Field, Furneux, Priestley, Rowe, I 
 Sedgwick, Warren, Marvin, <fec. We observe by the cata- I 
 logue of Messrs. Longman, Brown, Greeun, and Longman, ! 
 November, 1853, that they advertise as- in preparation the i 
 twenty-third edition, including the alterations to the pre 
 sent time, edited by James Stewart, Esq., of Lincoln's 
 Inn. It will not be expected that we should enter into an 
 examination of the merits of the annotations of the many 
 distinguished legal authors who have profitably exercised 
 their profound learning and critical acumen in the illus 
 tration of Blackstone. Messrs. Burn, Williams, Christian, 
 Archbold, Coleridge, Chitty, Curry, Gifford, Field, Wanos- 
 trocht, Taylor, Rowe, Stephen, Stewart, <fcc., deserve ho 
 nourable mention whenever the name of the great Com 
 mentator occurs. Not only the members of the profession 
 are debtors to these gentlemen, but for their labours the 
 gratitude of the public at large is eminently due. As we 
 have had occasion to remark in another place, so long as 
 it is not " possible" to " liv.e peaceably with all men" so 
 long as there are rights to be vindicated, wrongs to be re 
 dressed, boundaries to be denned, and property to be se 
 cured so long shall we need the legal profession to be 
 "with us." As every one, therefore, is liable to personal 
 experience of, and serious suffering from, the indecision 
 of the bench, the perplexities of the bar, and the igno 
 rance and prejudice of the juries, so ev.ery one can per 
 ceive the value of those compilations by which forensic 
 wisdom is placed upon record, and the philosophy of juris 
 prudence, illustrated by the expositions of its most pro 
 found sages, occupies the "seat of Gamaliel" for the in 
 struction of mankind. The perusal of Blackstone and his 
 Commentators, besides the other advantages offered to the 
 intelligent mind, will hardly fail to., produce one valuable 
 result. It will expose the absurdity of that popular cant 
 so common with conceited ignorance- which would ad 
 vise us to cashier our lawyers, and give the law-calf of our 
 libraries to the flames. The settlement of rights, the as 
 certainment of duties, and the various issues proceeding 
 therefrom, must ever constitute a science, with its code of 
 laws and corps of professors, so long as it is preferable to 
 have established principles which shall rule individual 
 cases, to an endless litigation upon isolated instances. 
 We can hardly close this article, long as it is, with pro 
 priety, without citing the opinions of some eminent autho 
 rities upon a work which (though not faultless) can only 
 perish in the general wreck of the recorded wisdom of the 
 world : 
 
 " Correct, elegant, unembarrassed, ornamented, the style is such 
 as could scarce fail to recommend a work still more vicious in point 
 of matter to the multitude of readers. He it is, in short, who, 
 first of all institutional writers, has taught jurisprudence to speak 
 the language of the scholar and the gentleman; put a polish upon 
 that rugged science ; cleansed her from the dust and cobwebs of 
 the office; and if he has not enriched her with that precision 
 which is drawn only from the sterling treasury of the sciences, 
 has decked her out, however, to advantage, from the toilet of clas 
 sical erudition; enlivened her with metaphors and allusions; and 
 gent her abroad in some measure to instruct, and in still greater 
 measure to entertain, the most miscellaneous, and even the most 
 fastidious, societies. The merit, to which, as much perhaps as to 
 any, the work stands indebted for its reputation, is the enchanting 
 harmony of its numbers ; a kind of merit that of itself is suffi 
 cient to give a certain degree of celebrity to a work devoid of every 
 198 
 
 other: so much is man governed by the ear." JEREMY BENTHAM 5 
 Fragment on Government. 
 
 " You, of course, read Blackstone over and over again ; and, if 
 so, pray tell me whether you agree with me in thinking his style 
 of Knglisb the very best among our modern writers; always easy 
 and intelligible, far ihore correct than Hume, and less studfed aud 
 made up than Robertson." C. J. Fix, in let'tr to Mr. TrMer. 
 
 "His purity of style I particularly admire. He was distin 
 guished as much for simplicity and strength as any writer in the 
 English language. He was perfectly free from all Gallicism* and 
 ridiculous affectations, for which so many of our modern authors 
 and orators are so remarkable. Upon this ground, therefore, 1 es 
 teem Judge Blackstone; but as a constitutional writer he is by no 
 means an object of my esteem." C. J. FI*X*S D(bute. on t/ie admis 
 sion of Lord Ellenborough into the Cabinet. See Cunningham's 
 Biog. History. 
 
 We refer the reader to the article Blackstone in Marvin's 
 Legal Bibliography, from which, and the opinions there 
 quoted, we shall make some extracts : 
 
 " Probably there is not a treatise mentioned in the whole Bibli 
 ography of the common law, about which a greater contrariety of 
 opinion has existed than of Blackstone's Commentaries. Soon 
 after their publication the controversy began, and from that time 
 to the present these volumes; on the one hand, have been most 
 acrimoniously and unjustly criticised, and. on the other, inordi 
 nately and injudiciously praised. Impertinent and unfair criti 
 cism will no more guide us to a proper opinion of the value of a 
 production, than over-zealous and indiscriminate praise. Did we 
 believe the former, Blackstone is Un immethodical, uninformed 
 writer, whose Commentaries 'contain somewhat which is not law 
 upon almost every page.' Did we believe the latter, his Commentaries 
 are unsurpassed models of method, precision, and clearness, which 
 should be perused iterum utijue iterum. All are, however, agreed, 
 that they are written in a nervous, elegant, and pellucid style; 
 models of legal purity of diction. Before the time of Sir Matthew 
 Hale, the Common Law was considered as incapable of system, by 
 reason, it was said, of the indigestedness of it, and the multipli 
 city of the cases; but Hale was not of this opinion, and by his 
 Analysis fully showed how capable the subject was of method and 
 system. On this foundation Blackstone built his immortal work." 
 
 Mr. Austin is very severe upon our author: 
 
 " The method observed by Blackstone in his too celebrated Com 
 mentaries, is a slavish and blundering copy of the very imperfect 
 method which Hale delineated roughly in his short and unfinish 
 ed Analysis. From the outset to the end of his Commentaries, he 
 blindly adopts the mistakes of his rude and compendious model; 
 missing invariably, with a nice and surprising infelicity, the preg 
 nant but obscure suggestions which it proffered to his attention, 
 and which would have guided a discerning and inventive writer 
 to an arrangement comparatively just. Neither in the general 
 conception nor in the detail of his book, is there a single particle 
 of original and discriminating thought. He had read somewhat, 
 (though far less than is commonly believed.) but he had swallowed 
 the matter of his reading without choice and without rumination." 
 Outline, of a Course of Lectures, 63. 
 
 " Perhaps no professional writer has suffered more from the zeal 
 of injudicious admirers than Blackstone in his celebrated Commen 
 taries. They were not designed for students at law, but for stu 
 dents at the University; they were not addressed to professional, 
 but to unprofessional, readers. He was not a lecturer of an Inn 
 of Court, but a University professor not to inform lawyers, but 
 to render the law intelligible to the uninformed minds of begin 
 ners. Addressing himself to persons of this description, like an 
 experienced actor, he accommodated himself to the temper and cha 
 racter of his audience, rather for effect than with a view to de 
 monstrate. Like the gnomon upon the sun-dial, he takes no ac 
 count of any hours but the serene. A man may read Blackstone's 
 Commentaries from one end to the other, and yet have no notion 
 that a proposition in law is as capable of being resolved and de 
 monstrated as a proposition in mathematics. In the rank of ele 
 mentary composition they might forever have reposed beneath un 
 disturbed laurels; but he who would make them the institute of 
 his professional education imprudently forces them into an ele 
 ment which is not their own. and lays the foundation for those 
 perilous misunderstandings that unlawyer-like. jejune smatter 
 ing, which informs without enlightening, and leaves its deluded 
 votary at once profoundly ignorant and contented." Ritso's Law 
 Education, 30, 76. See also Jones on Bailments, 4; Hargrave's 
 Law Tracts, 45. 
 
 " A good gentleman's law-book; clear, but not deep." J. HORNS 
 
 TOOKE. 
 
 " Blackstone is a feeble reasoner, and a confused thinker." 
 Mackintosh's Ethical Philosophy, 187. 
 
 " Blackstone's knowledge of English History was rather superfi 
 cial." Hattam't Middle Ages. ch. viii. 
 
 " In questions upon Constitutional Law, Blackstone is not au 
 thority." Cartwright's Constitution. 29; Fox, 6 Cobldt's Farl. Deb., 
 814, crnitra ; Story's Inaugural Address, 59. 
 
 " Blackstone's opinions on the Criminal Law. as contained in his 
 Commentaries, are to be regarded as the offspring of an eager 
 rather than a well-informed mind." LORD ELPON, 1 Jurist. 459. iV 
 
 "Gives a brief but a trifling account of Equity Jurisprudence. 
 1 Mad. Chnncery Pref. 19. " Not authority."! Scho. & Lff., 
 327 ; Peck's Trial, 303; 'Kitso's Law Education, 33. 
 
 "Good authority." "The Commentaries are still quoted, and 
 as frequently as ever in the Courts of Law and Equity; if possible, 
 with increased respect for the value of Blackstone's opinions, and 
 of the evidence which his pages afford, of the former state of the 
 law." Warren's Law Studies, 776 ; 4 Durm. & East, 311 ; American 
 Reports', passim. 
 
 " The Commentaries contain a thousand sophistries, dangerous 
 to the principles which every citizen of our free republic oiifrht, 
 and every professor of our laws is sworn, to maintain." Sampson 
 on Corles and Com. Law, 6. 
 
 " Blackstone's Commentaries are a wonderful work, and the more 
 

 BLA 
 
 a lawyer reads and studies the more he will appreciate them; it is I 
 not with him we find fault, but with those who blindly copy him . 
 even in his errors, who seem to think nothing in him can be wrong, J 
 nothing improved upon." 2 L. M., 62. 
 
 " I recommend the Commentaries of Blackstone as a general 
 book. The intention of that ingenious writer was to give a com- , 
 prehensive outline; and when we consider the multiplicity of doc- ; 
 trine which he embraced, the civil, the criminal, the theoretical and j 
 practical branches of the law, we must confess the hand of a master, j 
 But in the minutiae he is frequently, very frequently, inaccurate, j 
 He should, therefore, be read with caution. The student, in read- ! 
 ing him, will often require explanation from him whose duty it is ! 
 to instruct." Watkins's Prin. of Conveyancing Int., 28. 
 
 " Blackstone' s manner is clear and methodical ; his sentiments, j 
 I speak of them generally, are judicious and solid ; his language is j 
 elegant and pure. In public law, however, he should be consulted i 
 with a cautious prudence. But even in public law. his principles, j 
 when thev are not proper objects of imitation, will furnish excel- i 
 lent materials of contrast. On every account, therefore, he should j 
 be read and studied. He deserves to be much admired ; but he 
 ought not to be implicitly followed." Wilson's Works, 22. 
 
 " Till of late I could never with any satisfaction to myself, point 
 out a book proper for the perusal of a student; but since the pub 
 lication of Mr. Blackstone's Commentaries, I can never be at a 
 loss." LORD MANSFIELD : Holliday's Life of, 89. 
 
 At the conclusion of these quotations, Mr. Marvin gives 
 us the following general references : Williams's Study of 
 the Law, 92; Bever's Legal Polity, 474; 1 Kent, 512; 
 4 do., 209 ; Trotter's Memoirs of Fox, 512 ; 3 London Ju 
 rist, 106; Woddeson's Elements, 189; Hoffman's Legal 
 Study, 152; Ruggles's Barrister, 187 ; Wright's Study of 
 the Law, 59; Amos's Introductory Lecture, 19; Selwin's 
 N. P., 45, N. ; 12 A. J., 9. 
 
 We conclude our notice of this eminent lawyer by citing 
 the opinion of Professor Smyth of Cambridge : 
 
 " De Lolme is too much of a panegyrist upon our constitution, 
 as indeed is Blackstone, not to say that the latter is rather a 
 lawyer than a constitutional writer. Blackstone is quite inferior 
 to himself, when he becomes a political reasoner; and if he had 
 lived in our own times, he would not have written (he could not 
 have written, a man of such capacity) in the vague and even super 
 ficial manner in which he has certainly done, on many of such 
 occasions, in his great work of the Commentaries. . . . However 
 distinguished for his high endowments and extensive acquire 
 ments, and however impressed with a sense of the advantages to 
 be derived from a free government, ha has certainly never been 
 considered as a writer very particularly anxious for the popular 
 part of the constitution." Lectures on Modern History. 
 
 We are pleased to learn that one of the most profound 
 jurists and intelligent expositors of Civil and Statute Law 
 of whom America can boast, is now engaged upon an edi 
 tion of Blackstone, prepared with especial reference to the 
 wants of the American student. Judge Sharswood has 
 long devoted himself to the diligent study of his favourite 
 author, and from his intimate acquaintance with the text, 
 and familiarity with the general principles of jurispru 
 dence, we confidently anticipate a work which will claim 
 a conspicuous place in the American legal library, and be a 
 valuable addition to the collection of the intelligent layman. 
 
 Blackwall, Anthony, 1674-1730, of Emanuel Col 
 lege, Cambridge, Lecturer of All-Hallows in Derby. His 
 principal work was, The Sacred Classics Defended and 
 Illustrated; or An Essay humbly offered towards proving 
 the purity, propriety, and true eloquence of the Writers of 
 the Xew Testament, Lon., 1725, '27, '31, 3 vols. 8vo. The 
 same in Latin by Wollius, Lips., 1736, 4to. 
 
 " This work gives many well-chosen instances of passages in the 
 classics which may justify many of those in Scripture that have 
 been accounted solecisms." DR. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 " Blackwall was a strenuous advocate for the purity of the Greek 
 style of the New Testament, which he vindicates in his first vo 
 lume. The second volume, which is most valuable, contains many 
 excellent observations on the division of the New Testament into 
 chapters and verses, and also on various readings." T. H. HORNE. 
 
 ' It cannot be denied, that Blackwall has brought a large portion 
 of learning, and no small portion of genius, to this work ; but every 
 attentive reader must be sensible that he often fails in making out 
 his point." ORME. 
 
 " It is allowed, that this work, without establishing the particu 
 lar aim of the writer, gives light to many passages." BICKERSTETH 
 
 ^ Blackwall's plan is like comparing the proclamations of a king 
 with the eloquent speeches of an orator; or an edifying popular 
 hymn with the awful and pompous ode of a poet laureat." DR. 
 
 \VlLI,I VMS. 
 
 Blackwall, Jona. Beauties of Bp. Hall, 1796, Svo. 
 
 Blackwell, Alex., beheaded 1747. A New Method 
 of Improving Cold, Wet, and Clayey Grounds, Lon., 1741. 
 
 Blackwell, Elidad. Sermon, Lon., 1645, 4to. 
 
 Blackwell, Elizabeth, wife of Alexander, (see ante,} 
 was noted for her skill in botany. An Herbal, containing 
 500 Cuts of the Plants most useful in Physic, Lon., 1737- 
 39, 2 vols. fol. Many editions, and trans, into Latin and 
 German, with additions by Trew; continued by other bo 
 tanists. Mrs. B. gave name to the Blackwellia race of 
 plants. 
 
 " The drawings are in general faithful, and if there is wanting 
 that accuracy which modern improvements have rendered neces- 
 
 BLA 
 
 sary in delii, eating the more minute parts, yet, upon the whole, 
 the figures are sufficiently distinctive of the subject." 
 
 Blackwell, Elizabeth, M.D., b. 1821, Bristol, Eng., 
 removed to U.S. 1832. The Laws of Life, with special refer 
 ence to the Physical Education of Girls, N.Y., 1852, 12mo. 
 
 " Not only is it well, but ably and scientifically, written, and is 
 calculated to do a great amount of good through its inculcations 
 of physical truths. The writer is a woman of marked ability, and 
 a regularly educated physician." 
 
 Blackwell, George, 1545-1612, an English divine 
 of the Roman Church, was admitted Scholar of Trinity 
 College, Oxford, in 1562. He approved of the oath of 
 allegiance to the crown of England, and advised the Ro 
 manists to take it. This led to a controversy with Cardinal 
 Bellarmine. His Letters to the Romish Priests touching 
 the lawfulness of taking the oath of allegiance were pub. 
 in 1597, 4to. Letter to Cardinal Cajetane, 1596. He pub. 
 some other papers upon this subject. 
 
 " He was esteemed by those of his own persuasion, and by others 
 likewise, a man of great learning and piety, and a good preacher." 
 
 Blackwell, Henry. English Fencing Master, Lon., 
 1705, 4to. 
 
 Blackwell, John. Defeat of Goring's Army in the 
 West, by Sir Thomas Fairfax, Lon., 1645. fol. 
 
 Blackwell, John. Compendium of Military Disci 
 pline, Lon., 1726, or '9. 
 
 Blackwell, Sir Ralph. The Honour of Merchant 
 Tailors, Lon., 4to. Black letter, with portrait of Blackwell. 
 
 " A work of the same class, if not written by the same hand, 
 with the well-known history of Sir Eichard Whittington." 
 
 LOWNDES. 
 
 Blackwell, Robt. Corn Dealer's Companion, Lon., 
 1707, 12mo. 
 
 Blackwell, Samuel. Sermons, 1705-19, Svo. 
 
 Blackwell, Samuel. Parochial Government, Lon., 
 1720, 12mo. Reading the Scripture in Private, 4th ed. 
 Lon., 1736, 24mo. 
 
 Blackwell, Thomas, d. 1728, Professor of Divinity, 
 and Principal of the Marischal College, Aberdeen. Ratio 
 Sacra, Edin., 1710, 8vo. Schema Sacrum, Edin., 1710, Svo. 
 Methodus Evangelica, Lon., 1712, Svo. 
 
 Blackwell, Thomas, 1701-1757, son of the former, 
 and also Professor of Divinity and Principal of the Maris 
 chal College, Aberdeen, was a native of Aberdeen. 
 
 Enquiry into the Life and Writings of Homer, Lon., 
 1735, Svo. 
 
 " By Blackwell of Aberdeen, or rather by Bishop Berkeley. A 
 fine, though sometimes fanciful, effort of genius." GIBBON. 
 
 " A production which displays more erudition than genius, and 
 more affectation than elegance." 
 
 Proofs of the Enquiry into the Life and Writings of 
 Homer, Lon., 1747, Svo. 
 
 Letters concerning Mythology, Lon., 1748, Svo. 
 
 " A pompous trifle." 
 
 Memoirs of the Court of Augustus, Edin., 1753-55, 2 vola. 
 4to. Lon., 1764, 3 vols, 4to. 
 
 " This book is the work of a man of letters ; it is full of events 
 displayed with accuracy, and related with vivacity ; and is suffi 
 ciently entertaining to invite readers." Review by Dr. Johnson in 
 the Literary Magazine : he, however, treats Blackwell with no little 
 severity. 
 
 "It cannot be denied that there is a considerable degree of af 
 fectation in Dr. Blackwell's style and manner of composition : and 
 'unhappily this affectation increased in him as he advanced in 
 years. His Enquiry into the Life of Homer was not free from it : 
 it was still more discernible in his Letters concerning Mythology, 
 and was most of all apparent in his Memoirs of the Court of Au 
 gustus." See Biog. Brit. : and see his proposals for Plato, in Gent. 
 Mag., xxi. 383. 
 
 Blackwood, Adam, 1539-1623, Professor of Civil 
 Law at Poictiers, was a native of Dunfermline, Scotland. 
 He was a great favourite with Mary Queen of Scots, and 
 when she was put to death by Elizabeth, he revised and 
 corrected the Relation du Martyre de Marie Stuart, Reine 
 d'Ecosse, printed at Antwerp in 1588, Svo. His works col 
 lected were pub. at Paris by Gabriel Naudemus, 1644, 4to. 
 
 " He addresses himself in a vehement strain of passion to all the 
 
 Erinces of Europe to avenge Mary's death. ... A most virulent 
 avective against Queen Elizabeth." BISHOP NICOLSON. 
 
 His Sanctorum Precationum Praemia, Ac., pub. in 1598, 
 Svo, owed its production to a cause which, as its recital 
 may be useful to authors by way of abating inordinate 
 study, and stimulating devotion, we shall present for their 
 benefit : 
 
 " The occasion of his writing this book, which consists of Prayers 
 and Devotions upon Divine Subjects, was, That he usually read 
 the most of the Night, and had thereof so weakened his Eyes, that 
 he could hardly know his children if they were but ten foot dis 
 tant from him: for which the Archbishop [of Glasgow, James Bea 
 ton] advised him to a more useful and safe way to employ his Time, 
 which was in frequent and fervent Prayers to God." Mackenzie's 
 Scotch Winters. 
 
 Blackwood, Christopher. Theolog. works, 1644, 
 '45, '54, *59, 4to. 
 
 199 
 
BLA 
 
 BLA 
 
 Blackwood, Henry, b. about 1526? d. about 1614, 
 was a brother of Adam Blackwood, (see ante.) He taught 
 philosophy at Paris, and was subsequently made dean of 
 the faculty in the college of that city. He was the author 
 of some medical and philosophical treatises, of which at 
 least two were printed ; Hippocratis quaedam cum MSS. 
 collata, Paris, 1625 ; Questio Medica, &c., Paris, 4to. 
 
 Blackwood, Henry, d. 1634, son of the preceding, 
 Professor of Medicine and Surgery, wrote some medical 
 treatises. 
 
 BlacoAV, Richard. Four Sermons, 1812, 8vo. State 
 ment of circumstances of the prosecution of the King v. 
 Blacow, 1812, 8vo. A Letter to M. Gregson, 1814, 8vo. 
 A Letter to Wm. King, LL.D., 1823, 8vo. 
 
 Bladen, Lt. Col. Martin, d. 1746, a member of 
 Parliament, served under his former schoolfellow, the Duke 
 of Marlborough, and dedicated to him his translation of 
 the Works of Caesar, Lon., 1719, 8vo. He was also author 
 of two dramatic pieces, Solon, and Orpheus and Eurydice; 
 which were pub. in 1705, without his consent. The learned 
 Mr. Bowyer was employed to print Bladen's trans, of 
 Caesar; and as was his wont when he noticed errors and 
 defects, he made many yaluable corrections in the work. 
 Upon one of these passages he consulted the eminent 
 scholar, Jeremiah Markland, who returned him the follow 
 ing amusing reply, which Bladen would hardly have re- 
 iished : 
 
 "I think in all my life I never saw such a translation as that 
 you have sent me of these lines. If I were in your place, I would 
 leave it just as it is. You will have an infinite deal of trouble, 
 without any reward, or so much as thanks from those whose affair 
 it is ; perhaps, just the contrary. I repeat it again, do not meddle 
 with it." Nicholas Literary Anecdotes. 
 
 Bladen, Thomas. Sermons, 1695, 4to. 
 
 Blagden, Sir Charles, M.D., 1748-1820, an eminent 
 English physician and chemist, took his doctor's degree 
 at Edinburgh in 1768. He contributed many valuable 
 professional papers to the Phil. Trans. 1775, '81, '83, '84, 
 '87, '88, '90, and 1813; to Medical Facts, 1791, '92, '93, 
 and to Med. Trans. 1813. 
 
 " He lived on terms of intimacy with the chief scientific men of 
 his day, and particularly with Sir Joseph Banks, Bart., for nearly 
 half a century, and was for many years one of the secretaries of 
 the Royal Society." Hose's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Blagdon, Francis William. Modern Discoveries ; 
 a trans., 8 vols. 18mo, Lon., 1802-03. Brief History of 
 Ancient and Modern India, Lon., 1805, fol. This gentle 
 man has written and trans, several other works, biograph., 
 geographical, <fcc. 
 
 Blage, Thomas. Schole of Wise Conceytes, 1569. 
 A book of ^Esopian Fables. Ritson's Bibl. Poet., 132. 
 
 Blagrave, J. Laws regulating Bills of Exchange, 
 Lon., 1783, 12mo. 
 
 Blagrave, John, d. 1611, an eminent mathematician, 
 was educated at Reading School, and at St. John's College, 
 Oxford. A Mathematical Jewel, shewing the making and 
 most excellent use of an instrument so called : the use of 
 which jewel is so abundant, that it leadeth the direct path 
 way through the whole art of Astronomy, Cosmography, 
 Geography, Ac., Lon., 1582, fol. In the preface to this 
 work, he gives the following excellent advice to his readers : 
 we commend it to the practice of all students, young or old : 
 
 "Never give over at the first, though any thing seeme hard; 
 rather ask a little helpe : and if you desire to be excellent pertite 
 in your instrument, abridge my whole worke, arid you shall finde 
 it will stande you more steede than twenty times reading. I have 
 always done so with any booke I liked." 
 
 Of the making and use of the Familiar Staff, so called : 
 for that it may be made useful and familiarly to walk with, 
 as for that it performeth the geometrical mensuration of 
 all altitudes, 1590, 4to. Astrolabium Uranicum generale; 
 a necessary and pleasant solace and recreation for naviga 
 tors in their long journeying, containing the use of an in 
 strument, or astrolabe, Ac., 1596, 4to. The Art of Dialling ; 
 in two parts, 1609, 4to. 
 
 "He prosecuted with great zeal his mathematical genie to so 
 considerable a height, that he was esteemed the flower of mathe 
 maticians of his age. . . His epitaph runs thus: 'Johannes 
 Blagravius totus mathematicus, cum matre sepultus: Obiit J. 
 Aug., 1611. 
 
 ' Here lies his corps, which living had a spirit, 
 \\ herein much worthy knowledge did inherit. 
 By which, with zeal, one God he did adore, 
 Left for maid-servants and to feed the poor; 
 [His vertuous mother came of worthy race, 
 A Hungerford, and buried near this place. ' 
 When God sent death their lives away to call 
 They liv'd belov'd, and died bewail'd'by all."'] 
 
 Athrn. Oxon. 
 
 Blagrave, Sir John, supposed to be of the same 
 family with the preceding. A Reading upon the Statute 32 
 Hen. VIII., concerning Jointures, Lon., 1648, 4to. 
 
 Blagrave, Jonathan. Sermons, 1691-93, 4to. 
 
 Blagrave, Joseph, 1610-1679. Supplement to Pla- 
 nispherium Catholicum, Lon., 1658, 4to. Epitome of the 
 Art of Husbandry, Lon., 1669, 12mo. (?) Supplement 
 to Nic. Culpepper's English Physician, Lon., 1666, 8vo. 
 Astrological Practice of Physic, discovering the true method 
 of curing all kinds of diseases by such herbs and plants 
 as grow in our nation, Lon., 1671, 8vo. An Introduction 
 to Astrology, 1682, 8vo. Essay on Gun-shot Wounds, 8vo. 
 Account of Drugs, <fcc., 8vo. See account of a MS. as 
 cribed to him in Biog. Brit. 
 
 Blagrave, Samuel, is said by Weston to be the au 
 thor of the Epitome of the Art of Husbandry, Lon., 1669, 
 12mo. See BLAGRAVE, JOSEPH. Others ascribe the Epi 
 tome to Billingsby. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Blaikie, Francis. 1. Conversion of Arable Land 
 into Pasture, <fec., Lon., 1819, 12mo. 2. Management 
 of Farm Yard Manure, and formation of Compost, <fec., 
 1819, 12mo. 3. Management of Hedge-rows and Hedge 
 row Timber, 1820, 12mo. 4. Mildew, and the Cultivation 
 of Wheat, <fcc., 1821, 12mo. 5. Smut in Wheat, 1822, 12mo. 
 
 "Mr. Blaikie's practical intelligence is distinguished by a very 
 sound judgment and a reasonable observation. It is to be regret 
 ted that the author did not compose a systematic work ot agi i- 
 cultural comprehension, which would have contained his extensive 
 and varied knowledge, and relieved his mind of an accumulated 
 burden. Essays, treatises, and pamphlets are with difficulty made 
 known, and looked on as insignificant. For our own part, we re 
 gard such authors of enlightened practice, as greatly advanced be 
 fore chemical theorists and vague idealogies." DonaldtmCs Agri 
 cultural Biog. 
 
 Blaine, Delabere P., Professor of Animal Medi 
 cine. Anatomy of the Horse. Lon., 1799, fol. Canine 
 Pathology, Lon., 1800, 8vo. The Outlines of Veterinary 
 Art, Lon., 1802, 2 vols. 
 
 "In the execution of this comprehensive plan, the author de 
 serves considerable credit." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 " It appears to us that this work is the best and most scientific 
 system of the Veterinary Art that has hitherto appeared in this 
 country." British Critic. 
 
 A Domestic Treatise on the Diseases of Horses and Dogs, 
 Lon., 1803, 12mo. Encyclopaedia of Rural Sports, with 
 nearly 600 engravings on wood, 1840, 8vo; 1852, 8vo. 
 
 "Mr. Blaiue's perseverance in compiling this work must have 
 been immense. The task of reading all the sporting literature of 
 the past and present day, of digesting it, of balancing antagonistic 
 opinions, and of deducing solid inferences, doubtless presented 
 difficulties that would have daunted most men at the outset of a 
 similar undertaking." London Globe. 
 
 " A more instructive and amusing publication never issued from 
 the press." London Sportsman. 
 
 "Unquestionably a treasury of sporting knowledge." Lon. 
 Sporting Jfeview. 
 
 " It ought to be in every country library, from that of the noble 
 man to the tenant farmer. We know of no work likely to be more 
 useful and agreeable to readers of all classes, whether young or old, 
 grave or gay." British Farmer's Mugazine. , 
 
 " Full of useful, attractive, and exciting reading." Lon. Monthly 
 Review. 
 
 " A perfect library for all lovers of country sports, for all coun 
 try gentlemen, and for all persons who delight in the manly and 
 healthy recreations which are afforded to no country in such per 
 fection as to the inhabitants of the British Isles." London Timei. 
 
 Blair, Major. Campaign in Saxony, Lon., 1745, fol. 
 
 Blair, Brice. The Vision of Theodorus Verax, Lon., 
 1671, 8vo. 
 
 Blair, Daniel. Some Account of the last Yellow 
 Fever Epidemic of British Guiana, edited by John Davy, 
 M.D., Ac. 
 
 " Dr. Blair's account of the Yellow Fever of British Guiana ap 
 pears to be a very able book ; full of facts acutely observed, well 
 presented, and classed in an orderly manner." London Spectator. 
 
 "The chapter on morbid anatomy forms a rich and most valu 
 able section in the book. We have perused its elaborate details 
 with much interest, and we only refrain from quotation because 
 every line seems equally important. Dr. Blair is deserving of all 
 praise for the enthusiasm with which he has studied the subject; 
 and he has. in these careful directions, performed an onerous but 
 high service, in presenting to the reader so much sterling informa 
 tion. . . . Dr. Blair's book is the production of a painstaking and 
 well-informed physician; its pages are replete with condensed and 
 original matter; and we sincerely hope he will prosecute his la 
 bours, feeling assured that his authority will be long cited as one 
 of the ablest writers on Yellow Fever." London Lancet. 
 
 Blair, David, D.D., author of English Grammar, 
 Class Book, Reading Exercises, The Mother's Question 
 Book, and other educational works. 
 
 " The name of Dr. Blair is identified with elementary knowledge; 
 and these [1st, 2d, and 3d Mothers Catechisms] are well worthy 
 the attention of the parent and teacher." Educational Magazine. 
 
 Blair, Hugh, D.D., 1718-1800, a native of Edinburgh, 
 entered the University of that city in 1730. In this seat 
 of learning he devoted himself to scientific, literary, and 
 theological studies for the long term of eleven years. He 
 took his degree of A.M. in 1739; was licensed to preach 
 in 1741, and in 1757 received the degree of D.D. from the 
 
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 University of St. Andrew's. In 1742 he received a presen 
 tation to the parish of Colessie in Fife, which he left i 
 the next year to fill a vacancy which had occurred in th 
 second charge of the Canongate of Edinburgh. Afte 
 discharging the duties of this post for eleven years, h 
 was translated in 1754 to Lady Tester's, one of the cit 
 churches. Four years after this translation he was ho 
 noured by promotion to the High Church of Edinburgh 
 where he remained until his death in 1800. In 1759 h 
 read in the college at Edinburgh a course of lectures 01 
 Composition, which excited so much admiration that in 
 1762 George III. was pleased to 
 
 ' Erect and endow a Professorship of Rhetoric and Belles Le 
 tres in the University of Edinburgh, and to appoint Dr. Blair, in con 
 sideration of his approved qualifications, Regius Professor thereof 
 with a salary of 70." 
 
 In 1783, when he resigned his professorship, he pub. hi 
 Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres, Lon., 2 vols. 4to 
 Many editions have been pub. of these celebrated Lectures 
 " The author gives them to the world, neither as a work wholl., 
 original, nor as a compilation from the writings of others. On 
 every subject contained in them, he has thought for himself." 
 Pref.ce. 
 
 " Their merit lies in their good taste and the elaborate eleganc 
 of the language." WILLIAM SPALDING, Professor of Logic, Rheto 
 ric, and Metaphysics in the University of St. Andrew's. 
 
 " They contain an accurate analysis of the principles of literary 
 composition, in all the various species of writing : a happy illus 
 tration of those principles by the most beautiful and apposite ex 
 amples, drawn from the best authors, both ancient and modern 
 and an admirable digest of the rules of elocution, as applicable t( 
 the oratory of the pulpit, the bar, and the popular assembly. . . 
 So useful is the object of these lectures, so comprehensive thei 
 plan, and such the excellence of the matter they contain, that, i 
 not the most splendid, they will, perhaps, prove the most durable 
 monument of their author's reputation." 
 
 An amusing conversation between Dr. Johnson and Bos 
 well respecting these Lectures, will be found in Boswell's 
 Life of Johnson. 
 
 Dr. Blair took great interest in "rescuing from oblivion 
 the poeins of Ossian." His biographer assures us that i 
 was by the solicitation of Dr. Blair and John Home, (au 
 thor of Douglass,) that Macpherson was induced to pub 
 lish his Fragment of Ancient Poetry. To " these, in 1763, 
 Blair prefixed a Dissertation of the critical kind which 
 procured him much reputation, whatever may be thought 
 of the subject." See MACPHERSON. We cannot better 
 introduce the mention of the celebrated sermons by which 
 Blair is best known to the world, than by an extract from 
 Boswell's Life of Johnson : 
 
 " The Reverend Hugh Blair, who had long been admired as a 
 preacher at Edinburgh, thought now of diffusing his excellent ser 
 mons more extensively and increasing his reputation, by publish 
 ing a collection of them. He transmitted the manuscript to Mr. 
 Strahan. the pi-inter, who, after keeping it for some time, wrote a 
 letter to him, discouraging the publication. Such, at first, was the 
 unpropitious state of one of the most successful theological books 
 that has ever appeared. Mr. Strahan, however, had sent one of 
 the sermons to Dr. Johnson for his opinion; and after his unfa 
 vourable letter to Dr. Blair had been sent off, he received from 
 Johnson on Christmas-eve, a note in which was the following pa 
 ragraph : 
 
 " ' I have read Dr. Blair's first sermon with more than approba 
 tion : to say it is good, is to say too little.' " 
 
 Thus encouraged, Strahan and Cadell purchased the 1st 
 vol. for 100, which they voluntarily doubled on account 
 of " the rapid and extensive sale." For vol. 2d they gave 
 the author 300, and for vol. 3d 600. The whole series 
 comprises 5 vols. Svo, 1777-1800. The reader will find 
 frequent mention of the sermons and their author in Bos 
 well's Life of Johnson : 
 
 "Dr. Blair is printing some sermons. If they are all like the 
 first, which I have read, they are sermons aurri, ac auro mams 
 aura. It is excellently written both as to doctrine and language 
 . . . Please to return Dr. Blair thanks for his sermons The Scotch 
 
 write English wonderfully well Dr. Blair's sermons are now 
 
 universally commended ; but let him think that I had the honour 
 of first finding and first praising his excellencies. I did not stav 
 to add my voice to that of the public." Letters to Bnswell hi 17" 
 
 " I read yesterday Dr. Blair's sermon on devotion, from the text' 
 'Cornelius, a devout man.' His doctrine is the best limited the 
 oest expressed: there is the most warmth without fanaticism 
 the most rational transport. ... A noble sermon it is, indeed I 
 wish Blair would come over to the Church of England. . . I iove 
 Blairs sermons. Though the dog is a Scotchman, and a Presbyte 
 rian, and every thing he should not be. I was the first to praise 
 him. Such was my candour (smiling.) MRS. BOSOAWEN : ' Such his 
 great jnerit, to get the better of all your prejudice.' ' Why. Ma- 
 compound the matter; let us ascribe it to my candour 
 
 Such was the popularity of Blair's Sermons, that it has 
 been declared to exceed "all that we read of in the his 
 tory of literature. . . . They circulated rapidly and widely 
 wherever the English tongue extends; they were soon 
 translated into almost all the languages of Europe." Not 
 the least pleasing evidence of approbation was a pension 
 
 conferred by royal mandate, of 200 per annum, which the 
 successful preacher enjoyed until his death. It is needless 
 to say that the popularity of Blair's sermons has long since 
 passed away. Whilst praised by some, irrespective of their 
 great merit as literary compositions, for that avoidance of 
 doctrinal character which could not fail to displease many 
 readers, it is urged on the other hand that there is hardly 
 sufficient of the spirit of Christianity to elevate them above 
 the rank of mere moral essays. 
 
 "A low tone of divinity, once popular," is the only no 
 tice which Mr. Bickersteth deigns to take of productions 
 once so eagerly perused and clamorously applauded. 
 
 "They excel in perspicuity of arrangement and expression, but 
 are too stiff, artificial, and elaborate for models of pulpit eloquence, 
 independent of the strain of doctrine." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 " We cannot deny the absence of every beauty, as well as of 
 most faults in Blair. . . . His florid and artificial elegance obtained, 
 without question, most extensive popularity ; but it is very doubt 
 ful whether his hearers would have been attracted by any other 
 writer; whether they would not have rejected a more energetic 
 and impressive style as irregular and enthusiastic." Lon. Quar 
 terly Review. 
 
 " The merits of Blair (by far the most popular writer of sermons 
 within the last century) are, plain good sense, a happy application 
 of scriptural quotation, and a clear, harmonious style, richly 
 tinged with scriptural language." Edinburgh Jieview. 
 
 " Their character is that of moral discourses, but as such they 
 never could have attained their popularity without that high 
 polish of style which was the author's peculiar object. Under 
 this are concealed all the defects which attach to them as sermons, 
 a name which they can never deserve when compared with the 
 works of the most eminent English and Scotch divines." 
 
 The elaborate review of Blair's Sermons by John Fos 
 ter deserves the careful perusal of every one who can ap 
 preciate purity of style and elegance of diction. The 
 celebrated discourses are castigated without mercy ; per 
 haps without proper allowance for that difference in philo 
 logical taste and construction of sentences which we wit 
 ness in the literature of perhaps every succeeding genera 
 tion. Mr. Foster charges that, 
 
 " In the first place, with respect to the language, though the 
 selection of words is proper enough, the arrangement of 'them in 
 sentences is often in the utmost degree stiff and artificial. It is 
 hardly possible to depart further from any resemblance to what is 
 called a living or spoken style, which is the proper diction at all 
 events for popular addresses, if not for all the departments of 
 prose composition. Instead of the thought throwing itself into 
 words, by a free, instantaneous, and almost unconscious action, 
 and passing off in that easy form, it is pretty apparent there was 
 a good deal of handicraft employed in getting ready proper cases 
 and trusses, of various but carefully measured lengths and figures, 
 to put the thoughts into, as they came out, in very slow succes 
 sion, each of them cooled and stiffened to numbness in waiting so 
 long to be dressed. . . . In the second place, there is no texture in 
 the composition. The sentences appear often like a series of little 
 independent propositions, each satisfied with its own distinct 
 meaning, and capable of being placed in a different part of the 
 train, without injury to any mutual connection; or ultimate pur 
 pose, of the thoughts. The ideas relate to the subject generally, 
 without specifically relating to one another." 
 
 Mr. Foster then proceeds with no gentle hand to apply 
 the dissecting knife to other limbs of this body of divinity, 
 if we may so call it. Indeed it is the want of an animus, 
 such as the preacher's vocation would naturally lead us to 
 expect, which he pathetically deplores. Yet whilst some 
 serious defects may be willingly admitted, the sermons of 
 Blair possess merits of a substantial and enduring kind ; 
 and though now apparently dead and known to the many 
 '' only by reputation," yet have they sufficient vitality to 
 nsure a resurrection ; and our children will agree with 
 ;heir grandfathers in applauding and improving by those 
 classical disquisitions which they will marvel their parents 
 should ever have neglected. 
 
 Blair, James, d. 1743, a learned divine of the Scot- 
 ish Episcopal Church, founder and first President of Wil- 
 iam and Mary College, Virginia, was born and educated 
 n Scotland. About 1685 Compton, the Bishop of London, 
 sent him as a missionary to Virginia; in 1689 he appointed 
 lim Ecclesiastical Commissary, and his confidence in Blair 
 was justified by the piety, energy, and unwearied ministe 
 rial labours of the latter. In 1693 he returned to London 
 n order to obtain the patronage of government for his 
 projected college. He obtained a charter, and was ap 
 pointed president, which office he held until his death. 
 He was rector of a church in Williamsburg, Virginia, 
 and President of the Council in that colony. He pub. 
 Uur Saviour's Sermon on the Mount, Matt, v., etc , ex- 
 lained in 117 Sermons, Lon., 1722, 5 vols. Svo ; new edit, 
 evised and corrected, with a preface by Dr. Waterland, 
 jon., 1740, 4 vols. Svo. These sermons possess great 
 fieri t. 
 
 "Explained with good judgment, in a clear, easy, yet masculine 
 -1 ,, Yaluable treasure of sound divinity, of practical Chris- 
 lamty." DR. WATERLAND. 
 
 " His Commentary on Matt. v.-viii. is the best extant. He ap- 
 
 201 
 
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 pears to have been a person of the utmost candour, and has soli- | It is a popular poem, not merely because it is religu us, but be- 
 citously avoided all unkind and contemptuous reflections on his j cause its language and imagery are free, natural, and picturesque, 
 brethren. He has an excellent way of bringing down criticism to j ... Blair may be a homely and even a gloomy poet in the eye of 
 common capacities, and has discovered a vast knowledge of Scrip- i fastidious criticism ; but there is a masculine and pronounced cha- 
 ture in the application of them." Doddridge's Works, vol. v. 438. racter even in his gloom and homeliness that keeps it most dis 
 tinctly apart from either dullness or vulgarity. His style pleases 
 us like the powerful expression of a countenance without regular 
 beauty." Essay on English Poetry. 
 
 Mr. Campbell is quite indignant that some of this au 
 thor's most nervous and expressive phrases should be cen- 
 
 ' The best exposition of this discourse." BICKERSTETH. 
 Blair, John, alias Arnold, a monk of the order of 
 St. Benedict, was educated with Sir William Wallace at 
 the school of Dundee, and became chaplain to him in 1294 
 
 when Wallace was made governor of the kingdom. He - - 
 
 wrote the History of Wallace's Life in 1327, in Latin \ sured as " vulgarisms ; but a poet who endeavours to in- 
 -verse. A fragment of the MS. of this poem is still in the ! sinuate droll satirical sketches, at the expense of physi- 
 Cottonian Library. This was pub. in 1705, Edin., 8vo, j cians and undertakers, into a gallery of sublime represen- 
 
 - -- ' tations of the sable hearse, the funeral cortege, and the 
 
 Library. 
 
 by Sir Robert Sibbald, Relationes quaedam Arnold! 
 Blair, Ac. See the Life and Acts of Sir William Wallace 
 turned from Latin into Scotch Metre by one called Blind 
 Harry, Edin., 1709, 12mo, Perth, 1790, 3 vols. ; also Metri 
 cal History of Sir William Wallace and Robert Bruce, sine 
 anno, black letter, 4to ; The Actis and Deidis of the illuster 
 and vailzieand Campioun, Schir William Wallace, Knicht 
 of Ellerslie, Edinburgh, be Robert Lekpreuik, at the Ex- 
 pensis of Henrie Charteris, 1570, 4to. A copy of this 
 work will be found in the British Museum. The edit, of 
 1758 contains Arnaldi Blair Relationes. See Lowndes, 
 art. Wallace, Sir William. 
 
 Blair, John, d. 1782, Prebendary of Westminster, a 
 relative of Dr. Hugh Blair, was a native of Edinburgh. 
 He removed at an early age to London, where he received 
 some valuable preferments. The Chronology and History 
 of the World from the Creation to A.D. 1753, Lon., 1754, 
 fol. This work was partly arranged by Dr. Hugh Blair ; 
 2d edit. 1756, fol.; other editions, 1768, '79, '90, 1803, '15, 
 '20; and in 1844, imp. 8vo, an edition, with additions and 
 corrections, was pub. by Sir Henry Ellis, K.H., Principal I 
 Librarian of the British Museum. Again in 1851, 8vo. 
 
 The student of history, long accustomed to the doctor's pon- I county, Pennsylvania. 
 
 derous and unmanageable folio, will rejoice over this handsome 
 and handy volume. It is the revival and enlargement, into far 
 more compact and available form than the original, of the cele 
 brated Chronological Tables of Dr. Blair. It comprises additions 
 to our own time, and corrections from the most recent authorities. 
 The outline of the plan is faithfully preserved and carried out, 
 with every improvement of which it was susceptible." London 
 Examiner. 
 
 The History of the Rise and Progress of Geography, 
 Lon., 1784, 12mo. Lectures on the Canon of the Old Tes 
 tament, comprehending a Dissertation on the Septuagint 
 Version, Lon., 1785, 4to, (posth.) 
 
 " The greater part is devoted to the LXX. It discovers consi 
 derable learning and research; and is one of the works that ought 
 to be consulted in the examination of the Septuagint." ORME. 
 
 Blair, John, d. 1771, a native of Ireland, brother to 
 Samuel Blair, also preached at Fog's Manor, Penn., and 
 Other places. He pub. a few sermons, <fec. 
 
 Blair, Patrick, M.D., d. about 1728, a Scotch botan 
 ist, physician, and surgeon, first attracted attention abroad 
 by an account of the dissection of an elephant which died 
 in Dundee in 1706. The paper, Anatomy and Osteology 
 of an Elephant, was pub in Phil. Trans., Abr. v., p. 557, 
 1710 ; afterwards in (Lon.) 4to, 1713. Blair removed to 
 London, and pub. there in 1720, 8vo, Botanical Essays, in 
 two parts, 
 
 " In which he strengthened the arguments in proof of the sexes 
 of plants, by sound reasoning and some new experiments." 
 
 He also pub. Pharmaco-Botanologia, Lon., 1723-28, 4to, 
 extending only to the letter H; his death preventing its 
 completion. A number of his professional treatises will 
 be found in Phil. Trans., 1710-20. His Miscellaneous 
 Observations on the Practice of Physick, Anatomy, and 
 Surgery, with Remarks on Botany, was pub., Lon., 1718, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " He was a Nonjuror, and for his attachment to the exiled 
 femily of Stuart was imprisoned, in the rebellion of 1715, as a 
 suspected person." 
 
 Blair, Robert, 1593-1666, great-grandfather of Dr. 
 Hugh Blair. Autobiography, from 1593-1636, pub. by 
 Dr. McCrie. Edin., 1848, 8vo. 
 
 Blair, Robert, 1699-1747, a distant relative of Dr. 
 Hugh Blair, was a native of Edinburgh. In 1731 he was 
 ordained as a minister of the parish of Athelstaneford in 
 East Lothian, where he remained until his death. He 
 pub. in 1743, Lon., The Grave, a Poem; pub. at Edin. in 
 1747 ; numerous editions. With 12 Plates after Blake by 
 Sachiavonetti, large 4to, pub., Lon., 1808, 1. p. 5 5. 
 (See BLAKE, WILLIAM ) This poem met with but little 
 attention at first, but the commendation of Hervey. Pin- 
 kerton, and others, brought it into general notice. Of late 
 years it seems to be but little read. Mr. Campbell praises 
 it highly: 
 
 " The eighteenth century has produced few specimens of blank 
 verse of so familiar and simple a character as that of The Grave. 
 
 gloomy aisles of the city of the dead, cannot hope to es 
 cape satire himself. Mr. Campbell's admiration of the 
 simile of "angels' visits, short and far between," is well 
 known. Whether Norris of Bemerton would have been 
 pleased with the evident approval of his brother poets we 
 do not venture to decide. That Blair was a poet of a high 
 order, we hold to be unquestionable. The sketches com 
 mencing " See yonder hallowed fane !" and " Invidious 
 Grave," show the hand of the master. 
 
 Blair, Robt. Achromatic Telescopes, Nic. Jour., 1797. 
 
 Blair, Samuel, d. 1751? a native of Ireland, settled 
 in Pennsylvania, and about 1745 opened an academy at 
 Fog's Manor, Chester County, and officiated at the church 
 at this place. His works, consisting of Sermons, Treatises, 
 and a Narrative of a Revival of Religion in Pennsylvania, 
 were pub. in 1754 by Wm. Bradford, Philadelphia. 
 
 " Mr. Blair was one of the most learned and able, as well as pious, 
 excellent, and venerable men of his day. He was a profound di 
 vine, and a most solemn and impressive preacher.'' Allen's Amer. 
 Bioa. Diet. 
 
 Blair, Samuel, 1741-1818, a son of Samuel Blair, 
 (see ante,) of Ireland, was born at Fog's Manor, Chester 
 He married in 1769 a daughter of 
 
 Dr. Shippen, the elder, of Philadelphia. He pub. in 1761 
 an Oration on the Death of George II. 
 
 Blair, William, 1765-1822, an eminent surgeon, was 
 a native of Essex. He was not so much engrossed by pro 
 fessional pursuits as to prevent his taking a lively interest 
 in the distribution of the Holy Scriptures, and in other 
 benevolent enterprises. He pub. a number of professional 
 and other works. Among them are The Soldier's Friend, 
 or the Means of Preserving the Health of Military Men, 
 Lon., 1798, 8vo. Of Anthropology, or the Natural History 
 of Men, Lon., 1803, 8vo. The Vaccine Contest, or mild 
 Humanity, Reason, Religion, and Truth, against fierce, 
 unfeeling Ferocity, overbearing Insolence, mortified Pride, 
 false Faith, and Desperation ; being an exact outline of the 
 arguments and interesting facts adduced by the principal 
 Combatants on both sides respecting Cow-pox Inoculation, 
 Lon., 1806, 8vo. This belligerent proclamation proves 
 that our excellent doctor could buckle on his armour and 
 be "a man of war" in defence of the right. He also pub. 
 some pieces on Penitentiaries, <fec., and contributed several 
 papers to Phil. Trans., 1794, Med. Facts, 1795, and Me 
 moirs Med., 1799. 
 
 Blair, William. Inquiry into the State of Slavery 
 amongst the Romans, Edin., 1833, 12mo. 
 
 " The subject of Roman Slavery has lately been investigated with 
 great diligence, in a very modest but valuable volume, by William 
 Blair, Esq." Oilman's Gibbon. 
 
 Blaise, Lord. Discourse of Fire and Salt, discover 
 ing many Mysteries, Philosophical and Theological, Lon., 
 1649, 4to. 
 
 Blake. Privilege of H. of Commons, 1818, 8vo. 
 Blake, And., M.D. Aphorisms on Accouchement, 1818. 
 Blake, Charles. Lusus Amatorius, Lon., 1694, fol. 
 Hibernia Plorans, 1689. Mense Julii, Lon., 1694, fol. 
 Part of the Fifth Book of Milton's Paradise Lost, in Latin 
 verse, Lon., 1694. 
 
 Blake, EdAvard. Religion and its Temporal Promises 
 connected ; sermon on Matt. vi. 33, 1756, 8vo. 
 
 Blake, Francis. Mathemat. con. to Phil. Trans., 
 1751, 8vo. 
 
 Blake, Sir Francis. Political treatises,Lon., 1785-90. 
 Blake, George. New method of Brewing, Lon., 
 1791, 8vo. 
 
 Blake, H. J. C. Ten Parochial Sermons, adapted to 
 a country congregation; 2d edit., Chiches., 1847, 12mo. 
 Blake, J. Universal Piece Writer, 1811, 8vo. 
 Blake, James. See Catholick Sermons, (1741, 2 vols. 
 8vo,) temp. James II., vol. ii. 393. 
 
 Blake, James, d. 1771, aged 21, a native of Dorches 
 ter, Massachusetts, graduated at Harvard College in 1759. 
 A vol. of his sermons was pub. after his death. 
 
 "His sermons indicate a warmth of pious feeling honourable to 
 his character." 
 
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 Blake, Capt. John. Marine System of G. Brit., 
 1758, Svo. 
 
 Blake, John. Letter on Inoculation, Lon., 1771, 8vo. 
 Blake, John L., D.D., 1788-1857, b. at Northwood, N. 
 H., grad. Brown University, 1812, in the class with Chief 
 Justice Richard W. Greene, LL.D., Prof. Wm. G. Goddard, 
 LL.D., and Rev. Cyrus Kingsbury, D.D. He was Princi 
 pal of a Young Ladies' School about 12 years, during which 
 time he published a Text Book of Geography, Chronology, 
 and History ; Text Book of Modern Geography ; Compen 
 dium of Universal Geography; First Reader; Second 
 Reader; Historical Reader; High School Reader; Lec 
 tures on Rhetoric; First Book in Natural Philosophy; 
 First Book in Astronomy; Mrs. Marcet's Conversations, 
 4 vols. Some of these works have been in use more than 
 forty years, and to them we are indebted for a new feature 
 in School-Book Literature ; namely, an analysis of the text 
 in printed Questions at the bottom of each page, which 
 plan has since been frequently adopted. He has been 
 Rector of an Episcopal Church for fifteen years ; the first 
 at N. Providence, R. L, the next at Concord, N. H., and 
 for nearly eight years at Boston. He has written nume 
 rous Theological orations and addresses, besides many ser 
 mons. During the twenty-five years prior to 1855, he has 
 devoted his attention to general literature ; the results of 
 which are, bis Family Encyclopedia, roy. Svo, pp. 960; 
 General Biographical Dictionary, roy. 8vo, pp. 1100. 
 
 ' \\ e cordially recommend this volume to all who desire a con 
 venient and comprehensive summary of Biographical History, and 
 hesitate not to say it is worthy of a place iu every library." Chro 
 nicle of the Church. 
 
 So great has been the demand for this work that the 8th 
 edit, was pub. in 1853, and the 9th just before the author's 
 death. Of several small volmnes for school-libraries are 
 the following: Book of Nature Laid Open; Parental In 
 structions ; Wonders of the Earth ; Wonders of the Ocean ; 
 Wonders of Art,<fec. ; Farmer's Every Day Book, Svo, 654 pp. 
 " This work should not only be in the library of every farmer, but 
 it should hold a prominent place in the library of every family in 
 the country ; for it presents ably and truly the importance of agri 
 culture, and the advantages and pleasure of rural pursuits." N; 
 E. Ftinncr. 
 
 Blake, Malachi, d. 1760. Account of the fire at 
 Blandford-Forum, 1731: and a sermon, 2d edit., Lon., 
 1735, 12mo. 
 
 Blake, Mark. Letter to Clergy Ch. Scotland, 1794, Svo. 
 Blake, Martin. Sermon, 1661, 4lo. 
 Blake, Robert. Triumph of Scipio ; an Hist. Poem 
 on the late Rebellion, 1755, 4to. 
 
 Blake, Robert, M.D. Structure of the Teeth, Dubl., 
 1801. Svo. 
 
 Blake, Stephen. The Compleat Gardener's Practice, 
 directing the exact way of Gardening, in three parts, the 
 Garden of Pleasure, Physical Garden, Kitchen Garden, 
 Lon., 1664, Svo or 4to. 
 
 Blake, Thomas, 1597-1657, a Puritan divine, was a 
 native of Staffordshire. He was entered at Christ Church, 
 Oxford, in 1616. A Treatise of the Covenant of God with 
 Mankind, Lon., 1653, 4to. The Covenant Sealed, 1655, 
 4to. Living Truths in Dying Times, 1665, 12mo. Con 
 troversial treatises on Infant Baptism. At his funeral 
 
 "Many of the ministers and others of the neighbourhood being 
 present, Mr. Anth. Burgess, of Sutton Colfield, stept up into the 
 pulpit and preached his funeral sermon, wherein, in the conclu 
 sion, he said many things of the defunct relating to his learning 
 and godliness." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Blake, Wm., 1757-1828, b. in London, an engraver 
 and author, attracted great attention by his eccentricity 
 and artistic talents. The Gates of Paradise, Illustrated 
 by 16 Engravings, for Children, 1793, 12mo. Songs of 
 Experience, with Plates. America; a Prophecy, 1793, fol. 
 Europe; a Prophecy, 1794, fol. A Descriptive Catalogue 
 of Pictures, Poetical and Historical Inventions, painted by 
 himself in Water-Colours, Lon., 1809, 12mo. His Illus 
 trated Edition of Young's Night Thoughts, 1779, imp. 4to, 
 and Illustrations to Blair's Grave, 1808, imp. 4to, have 
 been greatly admired. Poet. Sketches, 1783, Svo. Songs 
 of Innocence and of Experience, 1789-94, 2 vols. Svo: sold, 
 1855, 12 5. ; same, 1 vol. imp. 4to, coloured by the artist, 
 10 10. Book of Thiel, 1789, 4to. Vision of the Daughters 
 of Albion, 1793, s. f. Book of Ahania, 1795. Marriage 
 of Heaven and Hell, 1800. Jerusalem : the Emanation 
 of the Giant Albion, fol. Illustrations to the Book of Job, 
 fol. Illustrations to Comus. Milton ; a Poem, 1804, 4to, 
 10 10., Bohn's Cat. Illustrations to Dante, fol. 
 
 " Blake is a real name. T assure you, and a most extraordinary 
 man he is. if he still be living. He is the Blake whose wild designs 
 accompany a splendid edition of Blair's Grave. He paints in wa 
 ter-colours marvellous strango pictures visions of his brain 
 Which he asserts he has seen. They have great merit. I must 
 
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 look upon him as one of the most extraordinary persons of the 
 age." CHARLES LAMB. 
 
 " Full of feeling and delicacy, and looked on with wonder and 
 respect by the world." PMington's Diet, of Painters. 
 
 "The most original, and in truth the only new and original, 
 version of the Scripture idea of Angels which I have met with, is 
 that of William Blake, a poet-painter, somewhat mad, as we are 
 told if indeed his madness were not rather ' the telescope of truth,' 
 a sort of poetical clairvoyance, bringing the unearthly nearer to 
 him than to others." Mrs. Jameson's Sacred and Legendary Art. , 
 Blake, William. Course of Exchange, and the De 
 preciated State of the Currency, Lon., 1810, Svo. 
 
 Blake, William. Private Judgment, a Sermon, 
 1818, 12mo. 
 
 Blakeney,L. Theolog., <fcc.works,1814-15,8vo and 4to. 
 
 Blakeney, R. P. Awful Disclosure of the iniquitous 
 
 principles taught by the Church of Rome, being extracts 
 
 trans, from the Moral Theology of Alphonso Liguori, who 
 
 was canonized in the year 1839, Lon., 1846, 12rno. 
 
 Blakeway, John Brickdale, 1765-1826, a divine 
 and antiquary, was educated at Westminster School and 
 Oriel College, Oxford. He pub. A Warning against Schism, 
 a Sermon, 1799, 4to. Thanksgiving Sermon, 1805, Svo. 
 An Attempt to ascertain the Author of Junius's Letters, 
 1813, Svo. He compiled a History of Shrewsbury, the last 
 number of which was completed about the time of his de- 
 ,se. He left other historical collections, not prepared for 
 the press. Notices of the Sheriffs of Shropshire, fol. 
 
 BlakeAvay, Robert. Sermon on obedience to King 
 George, 1716, Svo. An Essay towards the Cure of Reli 
 gious Melancholy, Lon., 1717, Svo. 
 
 Blakey. On Making Steam Engines, Lon., 1793, Svo. 
 Blakey, Robert. History of the Philosophy of Mind ; 
 embracing the opinions of all Writers on Mental Science 
 from the Earliest Period to the Present Time, 4 vols. Svo, 
 Lon., 1848 ; again, 1S50. 
 
 "We regard these volumes as embodying little short of the sub 
 stance of a library in themselves." Church of England Quarterly. 
 " We entirely congratulate the author, and still more the public, 
 on the appearance of this great work." Britannia. 
 
 " For the thorough student of the history of philosophy, this is 
 the best guide." Lon. Athen. 
 
 Essay on Logic, 12mo. On Moral Good and Evil, Svo. 
 Hist, of Moral Science, 2 vols. Svo. Lives of the Primitive 
 Fathers, Svo. Temporal Benefits of Christianity, Svo. Hist. 
 of Political Literature, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Blakey, William, of the College of Surgeons at Paris. 
 Observations concerning Ruptures, Lon., 1764, Svo. 
 
 Blackiston, Capt. J. Twelve years' [1802-14] 
 Military Adventures in three Quarters of the Globe, in which 
 are contained the Campaigns of the Duke of Wellington 
 in India, and his last in Spain and the South of France, 
 Lon., 2 vols. Svo, 1840. 
 
 "A valuable body of information upon the course of the British 
 armv in India, in Spain, and the South of France." ion. Atlas. 
 
 "We like Twelve Years' Military Adventures very much." 
 Btac 1 wood's Magazine. 
 
 Twenty Years in Retirement, 2 vols. Svo, 1836. Full 
 of amusing anecdotes of personal adventure, and remarks 
 on men and manners. 
 
 Blakiston, Perry, M.D., late Physician to the Bir 
 mingham Hospital. On Diseases of the Chest, and on the 
 Principles of Auscultation, Lon., 1S47, Svo. 
 
 "Dr. Blakiston's production not only gives him a place in the 
 rather thin ranks of sound and accomplished physicians, possessed 
 of a -true notion of the importance of their science, and of the 
 means by which it should be cultivated, but adds to English Me 
 dical Literature one of the few really inductive works by which it 
 is adorned." Medico-Chirurgical .Review. 
 Blakwell, Alexander. See BLACKWELL. 
 Blamford, Samuel. Discourse?, 1660, 8vo. 
 Blamire, Susannah, 1747-1794, a native of Cum 
 berland, England, resided for some years in Scotland, where 
 she became acquainted with the dialect of the country, and 
 devoted her attention so successfully to the national poe 
 try as to write Scottish lyrics of great elegance and beauty. 
 Her best-known pieces are, The Nabob, The Siller Crown, 
 The Waefu' Heart, Auld Robin Forbes, and a descriptive 
 poem entitled Stocklewath, or the Cumbrian Village. Pa 
 trick Maxwell pub. her works, with a memoir, preface, and 
 notes in 1S42, in one volume. 
 
 Blanchard, Laman, 1803-1845. The Lyric Offering, 
 1828. Tales and Essays, entitled Sketches from the Life, 
 with a Memoir of the Author by Sir Edward Bulwer Ly tton, 
 Lon., 1849, 3 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 "As Addison and Steele reflected their own generations, so has 
 Laman Blanchard in his sketches mirrored forth the variable and 
 motley peculiarities of the present day: they have but to be read 
 to be admired. Let all lovers of our British essayists all worship 
 pers of our Goldsmiths, our Lambs, and our Hawkesworths add 
 these thi^e volumes to their previous collection. Sir Edward Bulwer 
 Lyttou's memoir will be read with much interest." Lon. Sun. 
 
BLA 
 
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 Blanchard, W. J. Works on Short Hand, Lon., 
 
 1779-87. 
 
 Blanckley, T. R. A Naval Expositor, explaining 
 the Terms of the Art, Lon., 1650, 4to. 
 
 Bland, Edwarde. Discovery of N. Brittaine, Lon., 
 1651, 4to. 
 
 Bland, Elizabeth, of London, born about 1660, was 
 celebrated for her knowledge of the Hebrew language, 
 which was taught her by Lord Van Helmont. There is 
 preserved in the Royal Society a phylactery in Hebrew, 
 written by her at the request of Ralph Thoresby. Dr. 
 Grew gives a description of this in his Account of Rarities 
 preserved at Gresham College, Lon., 1681, fol. See Thores- 
 by's Diary and Correspondence for several letters from 
 Miss Bland (she was never married) to Ralph Thoresby. 
 The honest antiquary thus details his surprise at the young 
 lady's erudition : 
 
 "June 26, 1709. Walked to Beeston-IIall to visit Mr. Bland; 
 was surprised to hear his daughter read Hebrew distinctly into 
 English, which she learnt of her mother, who is an ingenious gen 
 tlewoman. She presented me with an autograph of the noted 
 George Fox, the founder of Quakerism." 
 
 Bland, Humphrey. Mil. Discipline, Lon. 1727, 8vo. 
 
 Bland, J. Theolog. Treatises, 1768-94. 
 
 Bland, J. The Nabob of Oude, 1807, 8vo. 
 
 Bland, John. Theolog. Treatises, &c., 1746-50, <fcc. 
 
 Bland, M., D.D. Annotations on the Historical Books 
 of the New Testament, 1828-29, vols. i. and ii. 
 
 " These annotations on St. Matthew and St. Mark, drawn partly 
 from, the fathers and early ecclesiastical writers, but principally 
 from early English divines, are designed for the use of students 
 at the universities, and candidates for holy orders." 
 
 Dr. Bland has pub. a number of mathematical and other 
 works. 
 
 Bland, Peter. Political treatises, Lon. and Hull, 1642. 
 
 Bland, Philip. Plain Parish Sers., Lon., 1850, 12mo. 
 
 Bland, Richard, d. 1778, a political writer of Vir 
 ginia, pub. in 1766 An Inquiry into the Rights of the 
 British Colonies, in answer to a British publication Re 
 gulations concerning the Colonies, &c. Arthur Lee and 
 Jefferson also took part in the controversies of this period. 
 In 1758 he wrote on the controversy between the clergy 
 and the Assembly concerning the Tobacco tax. 
 
 " His perfect mastery of every fact connected with the settle 
 ment and progress of the colony had given him the name of the 
 Yirginian antiquary. He was a politician of the first class, a pro 
 found logician, and was also considered as the first writer in the 
 colony." See Jefferson's Notes ; "VVirt's Life of Henry. 
 
 Bland, Robert, M.D. Observations on Parturition, 
 Lon., 1794, 8vo. Proverbs, 2 vols. 8vo, 1814. Profess. 
 Con. to Phil. Trans., 1781. 
 
 Bland, Robert, 1779-1825, son of the above, was 
 for some time minister of the English Church at Amster 
 dam, afterwards settled at Kenilworth. Two Poems, Lon., 
 1808, 8vo. The Four Slaves of Cythera, 1809, 8vo. Mi 
 nor Poets of Greece, 1813, 8vo. Collections from the 
 Greek Mythology, 1813, 8vo, assisted by J. H. Merivale, 
 <fec. : hence Byron calls them the "Associate Bards," in 
 his English Bards, <fec. 
 
 "Rarely has the world obtained a richer treasure of poetic gems 
 than is contained in this collection." Lon. Athen. 
 
 In conjunction with Miss Plumtree, Mr. Bland trans, the 
 Memoirs of De Grimm and Diderot, 2 vols. 8vo, 1813. 
 
 Bland, Col. Theodoric, 1742-1790. Bland Papers. 
 See CAMPBELL, CHARLES, p. 331. 
 
 Bland, Theodoric. Report of Cases decided in the 
 High Court of Chancery, Maryland, Bait., 1836-41. 
 
 Bland, Thomas. On Epilepsy, Med. Comm., 1780. 
 
 Bland, Tobie. Baite for Momus, Lon., 1589, 4to. 
 
 Bland, Wm., Jr. The Principles of Agriculture, 
 Lon., 1827, 8vo. 
 
 "The volume treats the processes of cultivation in a very con 
 cise and enli-htened manner. The author holds to practice, and 
 observes the results." Donaldson's AgricuU. Sing. 
 
 Blandie, William, educated at Oxford, trans, the 
 Five Books of Hieronimus Osorius, Lon., 1576, 4to. 
 
 "This is a rare book. I think Mr. Blandie, the translator, was 
 a Roman Catholick." MS. note by Hearne, in his copy of the above 
 tvorl: 
 
 Blandy, Adam. Fellow of Pembroke College, Ox 
 ford. Chronological tables of the World, 8vo. 
 
 Blandy, William. The Castle or Picture of Policy 
 Lon., 1581, 4to. 
 
 "Shewing forth, most lively, the Face. Body, and Parts of a 
 Commonwealth; the Duty, Quality, Profession of a Perfect and 
 Absolute Soldier." Title-page. 
 
 Blane, Sir Gilbert, Bart., M.D., 1749-1834, an emi 
 nent physician, was a native of Banefield, county of Ayr, 
 Scotland. He served for some time in the Royal Navy^ 
 and was afterwards elected physician to St. Thomas's Hos-pi- 
 tal, and appointed Physician Extraordinary to George IV., 
 
 and subsequently Physician in Ordinary to William IV, 
 He was created a baronet in 1812. The prize medal 
 awarded to the best journal kept by the surgeon of the 
 Navy was a proposition of Sir Gilbert's. He pub. many 
 professional works, 1775-1832. We notice some of the 
 principal : Observations on the Diseases incident to Sea 
 men, Lon., 1785, 8vo. A Lecture on Muscular Motion, 
 Lon., 1790, 4to. This work is highly commended by phy 
 siologists. A Serious Address to the Public on the Prac 
 tice of Vaccination, Lon., 1811, 8vo. Elements of Medi 
 cal Logic, including a statement respecting the contagious 
 nature of the Yellow Fever, Lon., 1818, 8vo. Select Dis 
 sertations on several Subjects of Medical Science, Lon., 
 1822, 8vo. A Brief Statement of the Progressive Im 
 provement of the Health of the Royal Navy at the end 
 of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century, Lon., 1830, 
 8vo. Warning and Admonition to the British Public on 
 the Introduction of the Cholera of India, Lon., 1832, Svo> 
 
 Sir Gilbert had six sons and three daughters. His suc 
 cessor in the title, Sir Hugh Seymour Blane, served with 
 distinction at Waterloo as an officer of the Third Guards. 
 
 Blane, William. Essays on Hunting, Lon., 1781, 
 8vo. Hunting Excursion of Asnph ul Dowlah, Lon., 1788, 
 8vo. Production of Borax, Phil. Trans., 1787. 
 
 Blanshard, Henry. Appeal for India, Lon., 1836, 8vo. 
 
 Blanshard, William. Statutes of Limitation, Lon., 
 1820, 8vo. 
 
 Blaquiere, Edward, Royal Navy. Letters from the 
 Mediterranean, 2 vols. 8vo, Lou., 1813. 
 
 "Mr. Blaquiere has produced an interesting and considerably 
 important work, which is not merely creditable to his talents, but 
 his integrity, and from which his Majesty's Government may ac 
 quire a great deal of useful information.'' Eclectic Review. 
 
 " Mr. Blaquiere has given a more minute, full, and entertaining 
 picture of these countries than any of his competitors." Edinburgh 
 Review. 
 
 An Historical Review of the Spanish Revolution, 8vo. 
 
 "It is impossible to peruse this volume without feelings of 
 the most affecting and irresistible nature." London Monthly Mag., 
 
 The Greek Revolution : its Origin and Progress, 8vo. 
 
 "To Mr. B., Greece is much indebted for his exertions in her 
 behalf, and the British public will thank him for the very clear 
 and impartial account he has given of one of the most interesting 
 revolutions that has occurred in the history of the World." Lon 
 don Literary Chronicle,. 
 
 Narrative of a Residence in Algiers, by M. Pananti, 
 with notes by E. Blaquiere, 4to. 
 
 " This volume will be found to be an object of particular curio 
 sity from the minute and lively manner in which it lays open 
 the interior of the Court of the Dey of Algiers." 
 
 Description of Venezuela, Trinidad, Margarita, and To 
 bago, from the French of M. De Lavaysse, 8vo. 
 
 "Of this useful and instructive volume it is impossible to speak 
 too highly. The original Author, M. Lavaysse, is a philanthro 
 pist and a philosopher, and the Translator has not only done him 
 justice, but has enriched the work with many valuable notes and 
 illustrations." London Monthly M:ig., Jan.. 1820. 
 
 Mr. Blaquiere pub. a few other works. 
 
 Blaquiere, Hon. William. Trans, of Schiller's 
 History of the Thirty Years' War, Lon., 1799, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " It neither conveys an adequate idea of the original work, nor 
 presents even correct English composition." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Blan, Robert. Grammatical works, Edin., 1701, Svo. 
 
 Blaxland, George. Codex Legum Anglicarum ; or 
 a digest of principles of English Law ; arranged in the 
 order of the Code Napoleon, with a Historical Introduc 
 tion, Lon., 1839, 8vo. 
 
 " The author's object in this work has been to collect as many 
 rules of English law as there are articles of the French Code, bear 
 ing on similar points and arranged in the same order." 
 
 Blaxton, John. English Usurer, or Usury Con 
 demned by the most learned and famous Divines of the 
 Church of England, Lon., 1634, 4to. Verses by George 
 Wither at the end. On this subject, see Bentham's De 
 fence of Usury. 
 
 Blaymires, J. Christian Spelling Book, 1790, Svo. 
 
 Blayiiey, Major General, Lord. Narrative of a 
 forced Journey through France and Spain, as a Prisoner 
 of War, in the years 1810-14, 2 vols. 8vo, 1814. Vol. 3, 
 sequel, 1816. See a critique on this work, Quarterly Re 
 view, vols. xiv., xv. 
 
 Blayney, Allan. Festorum Metropolis,Lon.,1654,8vo. 
 
 Blayney, Benjamin, D.D., d. 1801, of Worcester 
 College, Oxford, afterwards of Hertford College ; M. A., 
 1753; B. D., 1768; D. D., 1787; and in the same year 
 Regius Professor of Hebrew, Oxford. He was very emi 
 nent as a Biblical critic. A Dissertation on Daniel's 70 
 Weeks, Oxf., 1775, 4to. This controverts some points of 
 Michaelis's opinions. See Lon. Monthly Review, 0. S., 
 vol. Hi. Jeremiah and Lamentations : a new translation, 
 
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 BLE 
 
 tfith Notes, philological and explanatory, Oxf., 1784, 4to; 
 2d edit, with additions, 1797, 4to. Edin., 1810, 8vo. 
 
 " This work is executed on the same plan as Bishop Lowth's 
 version of Isaiah ; and though not with equal success, yet with 
 much credit to the author, both as a translator and a critic. . . . 
 The notes are very copious. Many of them are very useful, and 
 some discover much critical knowledge in the Hebrew language, 
 and a good acquaintance with ancient history." Lon. Monthly 
 Review. 
 
 Zechariah : a New Translation, with Notes,Lon.,1797,4to. 
 
 " We think it our duty to say that Dr. Blayney has produced a 
 valuable illustration of Zechariah. and afforded great assistance to 
 the biblical student." British Critic, O. S., vol. xiii. See Monthly 
 Review, N. S., vol. xxviii. 
 
 Pentateuchus Hebraeo-Samaritanus, &c.,0xon. 1790,8vo. 
 
 "The text of the Hebnco-Samaritan Pentateuch, which was 
 printed in Bishop Walton's Polyglot, has been adopted as the basis 
 of this edition, to which have been added various readings from 
 Dr. Kennicott's edition of the Hebrew Bible." Homes Introduc 
 tion. 
 
 Dr. Blayney bestowed much labour in revising the edi 
 tion of the Authorized Version of the Bible, printed at the 
 Clarendon Press, 1769, 4to, and fol. He also added many 
 marginal references to this edition. See Home's Intro 
 duction. 
 
 " Blayney was not deficient in learning, but he had not that ex 
 quisite taste, and acute discernment of poetical beauty, for which 
 Lowth was distinguished." ORME. 
 
 Blayney, Frederick. Life Annuities, 1818. 
 
 Bleamire, William. Remarks on the Poor Laws 
 and the Maintenance of the Poor, Lon., 1800, 8vo. 
 
 Blechynden, Richard. Theolog. treatise, Lon., 
 1685, fol. 
 
 Bleecker, Anne Eliza, 1752-1783, a daughter of 
 Brandt Schuyler of New York, was married in 1769 to 
 John J. Bleecker of New Rochelle. After her death some 
 of her writings were collected and published in 1793, and 
 again in 1809, with a notice of her life by her daughter, 
 Mrs. Margarette V. Faugeres. Some of Mrs. F.'s Essays 
 will be found in the volume. 
 
 " The memoirs of Mrs. Bleecker and her Poems, were published 
 many years ago, but I have sought in vain among the libraries 
 and the Bleeckers, to obtain a copy." W. L. STONE : Life of Brant, 
 vol. i. p. 207. 
 
 " There are no wonderful traces of genius in Mrs. Bleecker's 
 poems; but they show a refined taste, and talents which might 
 have been cultivated to higher efforts, if the circumstances sur 
 rounding the author had been propitious. There is a pure current 
 of conjugal and maternal feeling to be traced in all her effusions." 
 MRS. S. J. HALE: Woman's Record. 
 
 Bleecker, Anthony, d. 1827, aged 49, a graduate of 
 Columbia College, New York, pub. many fugitive poetical 
 pieces. 
 
 " For thirty years the periodical literature of New York and 
 Philadelphia was constantly indebted to his fancy and good taste." 
 Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. 
 
 Blegborough, Ralph, M.D., 1769-1827, a London 
 physician. Facts respecting the Air Pump, <fec., Lon., 
 1803, 8vo. He contributed to several medical periodicals. 
 
 Blencowe, Edward, formerly Fellow of Oriel Col 
 lege. Plain Sermons addressed to a Country congrega 
 tion, 1st, 2d, and 3d series, Lon., 3 vols. 8vo. 3d series 
 pub. 1851. 
 
 ' The discourses are plain, interesting, and pre-eminently prac 
 tical." English Churchman. 
 
 "They really deserve their title of plain sermons, and that is 
 the very highest praise that could be accorded to any." ion. Critic. 
 
 " Simple, intelligible, and affectionate." Church and StateGazette. 
 
 " Very stirring and practical." Christian Remembrancer. 
 
 Blencowe, R. W. Editor of Hon. Henry Sidney's 
 Diary of Charles the Second's Times, 2 vols. 8vo. See 
 SIDNEY, HON. HENRY. 
 
 Blener-Hasset, Thomas, a minor poet, temp. 
 Elizabeth, made additions to the edition of the Mirrour 
 for Magistrates, pub. in 1578. 
 
 " The year 1578 not only produced this second impression of 
 Higgins's Mirrour, but witnessed a fifth and separate edition of 
 Baldwyne's labours, with the addition of two legends, and an in 
 termediate part written by Tfiomas Blener-Hasset, containing 
 twelve stories, and entitled The Seconde part of the Mirrour of 
 Magistrates, conteining the falles of the infortunate Princes of 
 this Lande ; from the Conquest of Ca?ser into the commyng of 
 Duke William the Conqueror." Drake's Shakspeare and His Times, 
 vol. i. 
 
 Blener-Hasset pub. in 1610, A Direction for the Planta 
 tion of Ulster. 
 
 Blenman, Richard. Acts of Parliament, Lon., 1742, 
 8vo. 
 
 Blennerhaysett, Thomas. Sermons, 1715-16. 
 
 Blesen, or Blesenis, Peter, d. about 1200? Arch 
 deacon of Bath, afterwards of London, a native of Blois, 
 was a favourite with Henry II. of England. Opera, Paris, 
 1519. Auctiora, cum notis, Paris, 1667, fol. Paralipo- 
 mena Operum, Col. Agr., 1624, 8vo. Continuatio : Histo- 
 ria Ingulphi, Ac., Oxf., 1654? 
 
 Blessington, Countess of, 1787-1849, was b. at 
 Knockbut, Tipperary, Ireland, the second daughter of 
 Edmund Power, Esq., of Carrabeen. At the age of fifteen 
 she married Captain Farmer of the 47th Regiment, R. A. 
 He died in 1817. Possessed of great personal beauty, and 
 highly accomplished, she did not long remain a widow, 
 and in 1818 was married to Charles John Gardiner, Earl 
 of Blessington. The Earl and Countess resided chiefly 
 on the Continent until the death of the former in 1829, 
 when she moved to London, and resided there, first in 
 Berkeley-Square, and subsequently at Gore House, until 
 1849, when ehe removed to Paris, where she died in the 
 same year. The marriage of her step-daughter, Lady 
 Harriet Anne Frances Gardiner, the only child of the Earl 
 of Blessington, to Count D'Orsay, their separation, and 
 the subsequent family history, are no secrets either in the 
 Empire of Fashion or the Republic of Letters. 
 
 Lord Byron was a great admirer of Lady Blessington, 
 and her published Conversations with him was one of the 
 most popular books of the day. Lady B.'s publications 
 are numerous : 
 
 The Magic Lantern. Sketches and Fragments. Tour 
 in the Netherlands. Conversations with Lord Byron. The 
 Repealers. The Victims of Society. 
 
 " The "Victims of Society, and The Repealers, have found par 
 ticular favour in the eyes of those whose range of reading is still 
 confined to the shelves of a circulating library." Hunt's London 
 Journal. 
 
 The Two Friends. Meredith. 
 
 "The plot is one which must be read through to be appreciated; 
 and we take leave of Lady Blessington, knowing that the name 
 of her readers will be legion, and that they will find ample amuse 
 ment and interest in the clever and fanciful story of Meredith." 
 London Court Journal, July 8, 1843. 
 
 The Idler in Italy. The Idler in France. 
 
 " As Lady Blessington, during her residence in Paris, moved in 
 the most brilliant society in the French metropolis, her Idler in 
 France, as may readily be imagined, is remarkably rich in piquant 
 Anecdote. Exclusive of the large number of distinguished foreign 
 ers who have a place in these volumes, her ladyship introduces the 
 reader to an assemblage, equally brilliant, of her own compatriots. 
 Among others, the Dukes of Wellington and Hamilton ; the Ladies 
 Ha warden, Combermere, Stuart de Rothsay, Lyndsay, and Dysart; 
 Lords Byron, Yarmouth, Lilford, Lansdowne, Darnley, Charle- 
 mont, Stuart de Rothsay, Erskine, Glenelg, Rosslyn, John Russell, 
 Allen, Pembroke, Palmerston, Castlereagh, Cadogan, and Abinger ; 
 Sirs Robert Peel, Francis Burdett, Andrew Barnard, William Drum- 
 mond, William Gell ; Colonels E. Lygon, Leicester Stanhope, and 
 Caradoc; and Messrs. Charles Mills, Douglas Kincaird, Standish, 
 Cuthbert, Disraeli, Walter Savage Landor, Shelley, William Spen 
 cer, Rogers, Luttrell, &c." 
 
 " In Paris and Parisian society, Lady Blessington is quite at 
 home." London Athenaeum. 
 
 " A couple of delightful volumes, by the most delightful of fe 
 male writers." London Weekly Chronicle. 
 
 The Governess. Confessions of an Elderly Gentleman. 
 
 " This is a most charming volume full of the nice feeling, the 
 keen perception, and the delicate mind of a woman. Certainly an 
 elderly gentleman, who has been in love six times, has done his 
 duty by the female sex ; but the six lovely fa,ces collected by Parris 
 quite warrant the proceeding. Each face has its separate history 
 delightfully done. The stories are singularly lively, and lighted 
 up by a myriad of observations either shrewd or touching." Lon. 
 Literary Gazette. 
 
 , " This is much the best of Lady Blessington's fictions. It has 
 the consistency of an autobiography ; and the reader will listen 
 with interest and curiosity till the Elderly Gentleman has nothing 
 more to confess. There is incident enough in each of his tales to 
 have furnished a three-volume novel. The two pathetic stories 
 relieve the livelier ones very happily; and we close the records of 
 his dreams and follies with a full conviction that the Elderly Gen 
 tleman deserved his six disappointments." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 These Confessions are sparkling in their execution, and like 
 all the novels of the accomplished writer, they are peculiarly 
 Romans de Societi. the characters that move and breathe through 
 out them are the actual persons of the great world ; and the re 
 flections with which they abound belong to the philosophy of one 
 who has well examined the existing manners. Her portraiture of 
 familiar scenes, of every-day incidents, are matchless for truth and 
 grace." Edinburgh Review. 
 
 ' There are few fictions, though of thrice the exterior preten 
 sions of these Confessions, that possess so much weight." London 
 Monthly Review. 
 
 Country Quarters. Marmaduke Herbert. Confessions of 
 an Elderly Lady. 
 
 " The Confessions of an Elderly Gentleman is a deservedly popu 
 lar work ; but its present companion is, we think, even superior. 
 The niceties of feminine perception; the workings of the female 
 heart ; the innate feelings and educational restraints which control 
 and modify the passions of the sex, shape its actions, and form its 
 character, are all portrayed with striking fidelity. It is with 
 these slight shades, which, like the strong colours in man's life, 
 work out the destinies of woman, that Lady Blessington has painted 
 the portrait of her heroine, and illustrated every turn of her fate, 
 from over-indulged infancy to irritable and peevish age. The les 
 son is a fine one ; the incidents full of interest, and the denoue 
 ment most skilful and admirable. Of axiomatic beauties, which 
 always distinguish productions of real talent and merit, there are 
 some sparkling gems, which cast a brilliant light upon the fabric, 
 
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 and afford a happy relief to the tissue of loves, and cares, and 
 hopes, and disappointments, and sorrows. Parris's eight portraits 
 are exquisite : we know not which is most lovely. They are, in 
 deed, delightful illustrations of the story." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 " It forms a pendant to Confessions of an Elderly Gentleman, 
 by the same fair hand, and fully equals, if not exceeds, its prede 
 cessor. There are a grace and elegance about both works which 
 cannot fail to attract and captivate." John Bull. 
 
 " A more perfect moral anatomization of the female heart has 
 seldom been exhibited in any work of fiction. The serious passages 
 are agreeably relieved by some amusing sketches of the aristocra 
 cy of by-gone times. . . . If the confessions of the 'Lady' do not ex 
 hibit so much variety as those of the ' Gentleman,' they are infi 
 nitely superior in the depth of their interest, and in the excellence 
 of the lessons they inculcate." Morning Post. 
 
 " No actual confessions, whosoever the autobiographer might be, 
 ever interested us more; nor were any ever made that proffer a 
 finer and truer lesson to humanity, to women especially. Vanity 
 and pride in women were never laid bare by a firmer or gentler 
 hand. . . . Immeasurably superior to the Confessions of an Elder 
 ly Gentleman." Court Journal. 
 
 "The tale throughout is written with ease and elegance." 
 Aihenmim. 
 
 Desultory Thoughts and Reflections. 
 
 " These terse and well-digested aphorisms are as remarkable for 
 their moral value as for their elegant and graceful setting." 
 Conservative Journal. 
 
 The Belle of a Season. Tour through the Netherlands 
 to Paris. Strathren. Memoirs of a Femme de Chambre. 
 
 The Lottery of Life, and other tales. 
 
 " Lady Blessington's book has been very pleasant reading to us. 
 It is gracefully written throughout, and with a lively power of 
 good-hearted ridicule. Lady Blessington excels in what we may 
 call refined caricature, in which a spirit of frolic and exaggeration 
 runs side by side with a cheerful fancy, shrewd observation, and 
 humour both sharp and genial. These volumes will add to Lady 
 Blessington's reputation, as a lively, acute, and agreeable writer." 
 London Examiner. 
 
 Lady B. contributed many articles to the periodicals of 
 the day, and for 7 or 8 years edited The Keepsake and 
 The Gems of Beauty. 
 
 We present the reader with a full-length portrait of the 
 Countess of Blessington, drawn by the graphic pencil of 
 an acquaintance of her ladyship N. P. Willis, Esq., of 
 New York, 
 
 " The portrait of Lady Blessington in the Book of Beauty is not 
 unlike her, but it is still an unfavourable likeness. A picture by 
 Sir Thomas Lawrence hung opposite me, taken, perhaps, at the 
 age of eighteen, which is more like her, and as captivating a re 
 presentation of a just matured woman, full of loveliness and love, 
 the kind of creature with whose divine sweetness the gazer's heart 
 aches, as ever was drawn in the painter's most inspired hour. 
 The original is now (she confessed it very frankly) forty. She 
 looks something on the sunny side of thirty. Her person is full, 
 but preserves all the fineness of an admirable shape ; her foot is 
 not crowded in a satin slipper for which a Cinderella might be 
 looked for in vain, and her complexion (an unusually fair skin, 
 with very dark hair and eyebrows) is of even a girlish delicacy 
 and freshness. Her dress of blue satin (if I am describing her like 
 a milliner, it is because I have here and there a reader of the Mirror 
 in my eye who will be amused by it) was cut low, and folded 
 across her bosom, in a way to show to advantage the round and 
 sculpture-like curve and whiteness of a pair of exquisite shoulders, 
 while her hair dressed close to her head, and parted simply on her 
 forehead with a rich feronHre of turquoise, enveloped in cleat 
 outline a head with which it would be difficult to find a fault. 
 Her features are regular, and her mouth, the most expressive of 
 them, has a ripe fulness and freedom of play, peculiar to the Irish 
 physiognomy, and expressive of the most unsuspicious good hu 
 mour. Add to all this a voice merry and sad by turns, but always 
 musical, and manners of the most unpretending elegance, yet even 
 more remarkable for their winning kindness, and you have the 
 most prominent traits of one of the most lovely and fascinating 
 women I have ever seen." Pencillings by the Way. 
 
 We conclude with two opinions of rather a conflicting 
 character : 
 
 " Many things have contributed to raise her to her present po 
 sition of polite letters, beyond the general merits of her works. 
 The charm of title, her indisputable taste in the fine arts, and, 
 above all, her beauty, have been all along so many assisting ex 
 cellencies to support her literary reputation. . . . When a lady 
 condescends to write, whose equipage arrests the attention of the 
 thousands that throng daily the fashionable localities of London, 
 she is all the time, as her carriage rolls on from street to street, 
 creating a new class of readers. Struck with the appearance of her 
 equipage, they are anxious to ascertain how its owner looks, thinks, 
 acts, and writes; the circulating libraries gain new subscribers, 
 and Lady Blessington extends in this way the reputation of her 
 genius." Hunt's London Journal. 
 
 Audi alteram partem : 
 
 A A - an ^i Ut 1 * nd r brilllant delineator of the traits and foibles 
 of fashionable life, Lady Blessington is unequalled. She draws 
 with a steady yet delicate hand the denizens of le beau mnnd'e 
 justly discriminating the various shades of character she has to 
 deal with ; and presents, at last, a lively picture, replete with strik 
 ing contrast, yet exquisitely natural, of which we admire the exe 
 cution, whilst we acknowledge the truth." Court Journal. 
 
 For further information respecting her ladyship, we 
 must refer the reader to the following work, in 3 vols. dcmi 
 8vo, with portraits by R. J. Lane, Esq., A.R.A. : The 
 Literary Life and Correspondence of the Countess of 
 
 Blessington ; compiled and edited by Dr. R. R. Madden, 
 author of The Life of Savonarola, Travels in the East, &c. 
 
 Blewert, William. On Annuities, Lon., 1783-92; 
 4th ed. ; Tables corrected by J. B. Brize, Lon., 1847. 
 
 Blewitt, J. The Organ Service of the United Church 
 of England and Ireland. 
 
 " Mr. Blewitt is entitled to the thanks of all young organists, 
 for the very clear and conspicuous manner in which he has led 
 them through the whole of the service ; there is also displayed 
 considerable taste in his delicate touches in the form of voluntary, 
 upon the swell, in his interludes," &c. Harmonicon. 
 
 Blewitt, Octavius, Secretary of Literary Fund, Lon 
 don, author of a vol. of Poems, Panorama of Torquay, 12mo, 
 and Hand-Book for Southern Italy, (Murray's,) 1853. 
 
 Blewitt, R. J. The Court of Chancery ; a Satirical 
 Poem. 
 
 " The object of this book is to embody, in immortal verse, the 
 reflections of the author on every thing connected with Chancery. 
 ' The volume contains some very clever hits at several members 
 of the English bench and bar, with a pretty large share of abuse 
 and venom. The author, whoever he may be, is shooting masked, 
 Blewitt being an assumed name.' " 
 
 Blick, F. Sermon, Buckingham, 1791, 8vo. 
 
 Blicke, Sir Charles, Knt., Surgeon to St. Bartho 
 lomew's Hospital, London. An Essay on the Yellow 
 Fever of Jamaica, collected from the MSS. of a late Sur 
 geon, Lon., 1772, 8vo. 
 
 Bligh, Arthur. Poetical works, 1806. 
 
 Bligh, Michael. Church of God, 1765, 8vo. 
 
 Bligh, Richard. Reports and Legal treatises, Lon., 
 1821, <fcc. Mr. Bligh's Reports of Cases heard in the House 
 of Lords are in continuation of those by Mr. Dow, 10 vols. 
 
 Bligh, William. A Narrative of the Mutiny on 
 Board H. M. Ship Bounty, Lon., 1790, 4to. This was 
 trans, into French : it was incorporated by Bligh in A 
 Voyage to the South Sea, Lon., 1792, 4to. In 1794 he 
 pub. Answers to Mr. E. Christian's Assertions relative to 
 the Trial of the Mutineers of the Bounty. This interest 
 ing story the Mutiny on the Bounty is well known. 
 
 Blind Harry. See HENRY THE MINSTREL. 
 
 Blinman, Richard, first minister of New London, 
 Connecticut, a native of Great Britain, arrived in America 
 in 1642. He pub. A Rejoynder to Mr. Henry Danvers his 
 brief friendly reply to my answer about Infant Baptism, 
 Lon., 1675, 24mo. 
 
 Blinshall, James, D.D. Evidence of the future 
 Publication of the Gospel to all Nations, with an Account 
 of the Soc. Scot. Prop. Chr. Knowledge, Edin., 1780, 8vo. 
 
 Bliss, Anthony. A Sermon, 1725, 8vo. 
 
 Bliss, George. The obligatory Nature of the Sacra 
 ments, or Strictures on Mr. Gurney's Remarks, Lou., 1826, 
 12mo. Notes on the New Testament, <fec. 
 
 Bliss, John. Mineral Waters of Hampstead, <fec., 
 1802. 
 
 Bliss, Nathaniel. Bradley's Astronomical Observa 
 tions, with a Continuation, Oxf., 1789-1805, 2 vols. fol. 
 Astronom. Papers in Phil. Trans., 1761, 4to. 
 
 Bliss, Philip, D.D., D.C.L., &c., 1788-1857, b. in 
 Gloucester co., Eng., Fellow of St. John's College, Oxford, 
 edited Earle's Micro-Cosmography, with Notes, Lon., 1809, 
 8vo ; Aubrey's Lives of Eminent Men, trans, from the 
 original MSS. in the Ashmolean Museum, forming a 
 portion of the work known as the Letters from the Bod 
 leian, 1813, 3 vols. 8vo ; Bibliographical Miscellanies, 1813, 
 thin 4to : 104 copies printed. He repub. two old plays ; 
 ed. Henshaw's Meditations, 1841, 12mo ; Historical Papers, 
 printed from the collection in his own library, 1846 ; ed. 
 for the Ecclesiastical Historical Society The Life of An 
 thony a Wood, which was intended to form the first vol. 
 of a new edition of Athen. Oxon., 1848; Catalogue of Ox 
 ford Graduates from 1649 to 1850, 1851, 8vo; Reliquise 
 Hearnianae : extracted from the Diaries of Thomas Hearne, 
 1857, 2 vols. 8vo. This work was commenced, and be 
 tween 500 and 600 pages were printed, more than forty 
 years before it was published. The entire edition of 150 
 copies on small and 50 copies on large paper were sold in 
 six weeks after publication. Dr. B. deserves enduring 
 honours for his invaluable edition of Wood's Athense 
 Oxoniensis, Lon., 1813-20, 4 vols. 4to, which we shall 
 notice in our article WOOD, ANTHONY, q. v. Dr. Dibdin 
 handsomely acknowledges his obligations to him, and 
 these pages attest ours : 
 
 " My friend the Rev. Dr. Bliss, of the Bodleian Library, has ena 
 bled me to enrich these pages not only by the examination of 
 many treasures in that wonderful repository, but by the loan of 
 his work (not yet published) of the Reliquiae Hearnianse. The 
 i pages of his Athenae Oxoniensis have been also at times singularly 
 useful. . . . If the Athenae Oxoniensis be 'thrice welcome,' in ;my 
 shape, it is nine times welcome in the recent impression just al 
 luded to r for more care, attention, accuracy, and valuable enlarge- 
 
BLI 
 
 BLO 
 
 ment, from an inexhaustible stock of materials, (some of them con 
 temporaneous,) has rarely been witnessed than in the editorial la 
 bours of Dr. Bliss upon the text of his beloved Anthony Wood." 
 Library Companion. 
 
 " The recent edition of Wood's Athenae Oxoniensis has furnished 
 me with too many valuable notices not to merit my best acknow 
 ledgment, and not to justify me in predicting for the editor of it 
 that station in the temple of future OXFORD WORTHIES to which his 
 labours so fairly entitle him." Typographical Antiquities. 
 
 Bliss, Thomas. Joseph a Type of Christ, 1769, 8vo. 
 
 Blith, Blythe, or Blyth, Walter. English Im 
 prover, or a new Survey of Husbandry, Ac., Lon., 1649, 
 4to ; improved 1652, 4to ; against Hartlib. 
 
 " The writings of Blyth contain a great deal of sound sense, 
 and not badly expressed, on almost every branch of husbandry. 
 His principles are very correct, and he seems to have entertained 
 the first systematic conceptions of the benefits that would attend 
 the alternate husbandry." Donaldson's Agricult. Bing. 
 
 " A well-known and very ingenious work." Lon. Quar. Review. 
 
 Blithe, Nath. Expl. C. Catechism, Lon., 1674, 8vo. 
 
 Blizard, Thomas, 1722-1838, was educated profes 
 sionally under his cousin, Sir William Blizard. Med. 
 Con. fco Phil. Trans., 1805 ; Med. Chir. Trans., 1809. 
 
 Blizard, Sir William, Knt., cousin of the above, 
 1743-1835, an eminent English surgeon, in conjunction 
 with Dr. Robert Maclaurin, established in 1785 the first 
 regular school of medical science in connexion with the 
 English Hospital. He was twice President of the Royal 
 College of Surgeons, and in 1810 was knighted by George 
 III. Lectures on the large Blood Vessels of the Extremi 
 ties, Lon., 1786, 8vo ; 3d edit., 1798. Suggestions for the 
 Improvement of Hospitals, and other Charitable Institu 
 tions, Lon., 1796, 8vo; trans, into German. A New 
 Method of treating the Fistula Lachrymalis, Lon., 1780, 
 4to. Of the Expediency and Utility of Teaching the 
 several Branches of Physic and Surgery by Lectures at 
 the London Hospital, Lon., 1783, 4to. On the Danger of 
 Copper and Bell Metal in Pharmaceutical and Chemical 
 Preparations, Lon., 1786, 8vo. 
 
 Blodget, JLoriu, Sec. to the Philadelphia Board of 
 Trade. Climatology of the United States, and of the Tem 
 perate Latitudes of the North American Continent, em 
 bracing a full comparison of these with the Climatology 
 of the Temperate Latitudes of Europe and Asia; with 
 Isothermal and Rain Charts, including a Summary of Me 
 teorological Observations in the United States, condensed 
 from recent scientific and official publications, Phila., 1857, 
 8vo. This work has been highly eulogized by Baron Hum- 
 boldt and by other eminent scientific authorities. 
 
 Blombery, W. N. Life, <fcc. of E. Dickinson, M.D., 
 Lon., 1709, 8vo. 
 
 Blome, Richard. A Geograph. Descrip. of the 4 
 parts of the World, Lon., 1670, fol. Descrip. of Jamaica, 
 Lon., 1672, 12mo. Britannia, Lon., 1673, fol. 
 
 " A most entire piece of theft out of Camden and Speed." BP. 
 
 "Scribbled and transcribed from Cambden's Britannia and 
 Speed s Maps." WOOD. 
 
 Art of Heraldry, 1685, 8vo. English Acquisitions in 
 Guinea, Ac., 1686, 12rao. An Entire Body of Philosophy, 
 &c., trans, from the Latin, 1694, fol. This curious work 
 contains dissertations on Demonology; of Created Spirits 
 the World and Heaven j the want of sense in Brute 
 Animals, <fcc. Gentleman's Recreation, Lon., 1710, fol. 
 
 This person Bloome is esteemed by the chiefest heralds a most 
 impudent person; . . . he gets a livelihood by bold practices : . . . 
 originally a ruler of books and paper, who hath since practised, 
 
 * " 
 
 Blomefield, Rev. Francis. History of Thetford, 
 Fcrsfield 1739, 4to. Collectanea Cantabrigiensia, Nor 
 wich, 1750, 4to Essay towards a Topographical History 
 of the County of Norfolk. When Mr. B. had reached p 
 678, vol. in., he died; the Rev. Charles Parkin continued 
 the work, but also died before it was brought to a clo^e 
 it was completed by Mr. Whittingham, Fersfield <fec 
 1739-73, 5 vols. fol., Lon., 1805-10; r. 8vo, 11 vols' pub' 
 at 9 IS*. ; 1. p. in 4to, 23 4. 
 
 Blomer, Ralph, D.D. Sermons, 1710, '12, '16, '30. 
 
 Blomfield, Barrington. Sermon, 1728, 8vo. 
 
 Blomfield, Rt. Rev. Charles James, Bishop of 
 London, 1786-1857, was educated at Trinity College, Cam 
 bridge : he was third wrangler and senior medallist in 
 1808, and subsequently a Fellow of his College. He was 
 successively Archdeacon of Colchester, in Kent, and Rector 
 of St. Bartolph's, Bishopgate, London ; was consecrated 
 tishop of Chester in 1824, and translated to London in 
 828. His Lordship's reputation as a classical scholar 
 founded upon his editions of ^Eschylus and Callimachus 
 his contributions to the Museum Criticum, Ac., is too well 
 established to render it necessary to dwell upon the sub- 
 
 ject here. It is to be regretted that the Museum Criticum, 
 which contains so many noble monuments of British Clas 
 sical learning the results of the erudite investigations of 
 Maltby, Monk, Elmsley, Burney, Hare, the Blomfields, 
 &c. should have become so scarce that but few can 
 profit by its precious pages. Bishop Blomfield favoured 
 the world with several other publications. A Dissertation 
 upon the Traditional knowledge of a Promised Redeemer, 
 which subsisted before the Advent of our Saviour, Cam 
 bridge, 1819, 8vo. Five Lectures on the Gospel of St. 
 John, as bearing Testimony to the Divinity of Jesus 
 Christ, Lon., 1823, 12mo. 
 
 "A familiar elucidation of that particular branch of the demon 
 stration which consists in the testimony of the beloved disciple." 
 Twelve Lectures on the Acts of the Apostles, Lon., 
 1829, 8vo. 
 
 " Very valuable lectures." T. H. HORNE. 
 
 " Strength of mind, perspicuity of diction, depth of reflection, and 
 piety of sentiment, are discernible throughout." Chris. Rememb. 
 To the above work is annexed a new edition of the Lec 
 tures on St. John, and in the appendix will be found Dr. 
 Tucker's Brief and Dispassionate View of the Difficulties 
 attending the Trinitarian, Arian, and Socinian Systems. 
 A Letter on the Present Neglect of the Lord's Day, Aq% 
 dressed to the Inhabitants of London and Westminster, 
 Lon., 1830, 8vo. Manual of Family Prayers, 18mo. Private 
 Devotion, 18mo. Sermon at St. Botolph's, Bishopgate, 8vo. 
 See- Bishop Blomfield and his Times, a Historical Sketch 
 by Rev. George Edward Biber, LL.D. 
 
 " The author bad unusual advantages for noting many of the 
 leading events as they occurred, and has made full use of his note 
 book." Lon. Gent. Mag., Sept. 1857. 
 
 Blomfield, E. V., 1788-1816, brother of the above, 
 
 ' Fellow and Tutor of Einanuel College, Cambridge. A 
 
 trans, of Augustus MatthiaB's Greek Grammar, Cambridge 
 
 University Press, 2 vols. 8vo; 5th edit, revised by Kenrick. 
 
 " This edition of Matthias's Greek Grammar exhibits the most 
 
 complete system of grammatical rules and examples that has yet 
 
 been given to the world." 
 
 7th edit, abridged, revised by Edwards, 1 vol. 12mo. 
 "The editor has endeavoured to substitute shorter and more 
 simple definitions and explanations than those which are contained 
 in the original work." BISHOP OF LONDON : C. J. Blomfield's Preface. 
 E. V. B. contemplated a trans, of Schneider's and Pas- 
 sow's lexicons, and he contributed some papers to the 
 Museum Criticum. 
 
 Blomfield, George Becher. Sermons adapted to 
 Country Congregations, Lon., 1841, 12mo. 
 
 Blondel, James A., M.D., d. about 1734, wrote a 
 professional work (1729, 8vo) in answer to the statements 
 of Dr. Daniel Tower. 
 
 Bloom, J. H. Notices of the Castle and Priory at 
 Castleacre, Lon., r. 8vo. Pulpit Oratory in the Times of 
 James L, Lon., 1831, 8vo. 
 
 " These sermons are quite curiosities, and well worth a perusal 
 for the originality, quaintness, and learning which they embody, 
 in addition to sound church principles." Church Magazine. 
 
 Bloomfield, Ezekiel. Lectures on the Philosophy 
 of History, with Notes and Engravings, Lon., 1820, 4to. 
 
 Bloomfield, Nathaniel, brother of Robert Bloom- 
 field. An Essay on War, in blank verse. Honington 
 Gfreen, a Ballad. The Culprit, an Elegy; and other 
 Poems, 1803, 12mo. 
 
 Nathaniel had the honour of a lash from Lord Byron : 
 
 " If Phoebus smiled on you, 
 BLOOMFIELD ! why not on brother Nathan too ? 
 Him too the Mania, not the Muse, has seized ; 
 Not inspiration, but a mind diseased : 
 And now no boor can seek his last abode, 
 No common be inclosed, without an ode." 
 
 " See Nathaniel Bloomfield's ode, elegy, or whatsoever he or any 
 I one else chooses to call it, on the inclosure of Honington Green." 
 i English Bards and Scotch Reviewers. 
 
 Bloomfield, Robert, 1766-1823, a native of Hon- 
 ! ington, in Suffolk, was the youngest son of a tailor, who 
 ! died before Robert was a year old, leaving a widow with 
 six children. Robert was placed in charge of his brother 
 | George in London, to learn the mystery of shoe-making. 
 A knowledge of reading and writing was about all he ac 
 quired during the few months he was sent to school. By 
 : the kindness of his brother George and an acquaintance 
 1 named Fawcett, he was furnished with a number of books, 
 , a History of England, British Traveller, a Geography, 
 ! Paradise Lost, the Seasons, <fec. This last work so en- 
 j chanted him that for some time he spent all his leisure 
 hours in its perusal. Whilst working with six or seven 
 j other men in a garret, he composed mentally, arranged 
 j and rearranged, his poem of the Farmer's Boy, without 
 I committing a line to paper. When able to procure paper 
 i he had, as be remarks, " nothing to do but to write it down." 
 j The poem was offered to several publishers without suc- 
 
 207 
 
BLO 
 
 cess ; but Bloomfield found a warm friend in Capel Lofft, 
 who took measures to have it printed. Its success was so 
 great that 26,000 copies were sold in three years. In the 
 next year an edition was puh. at Leipsic ; a trans, into the 
 French, Le Valet du Fermier, appeared in Paris ; a trans, 
 into Italian was pub. in Milan, and the Rev. W. Clubbe 
 produced Agricolse Puer, in Latin verse. The other publi 
 cations of Bloomfield were, Rural Tales, Ballads, and 
 Songs, Lon., 1802, 8vo ; Good Tidings, or News from the 
 Farm, 1804, 4to; Wild Flowers, 1806, 18mo; Banks of the 
 Wye, 1811; Works, 2 vols., 1814, 18moj May Day with 
 the Muses, 1822, 12mo. His Remains in Poetry and 
 Verse, 2 vols. 8vo, appeared in 1824. Our author, in con 
 sequence of imprudent liberality to poor relations, and of 
 an unfortunate adventure in the book business, lived in 
 poverty, and died some 200 in debt, leaving a widow and 
 four children. 
 
 Few compositions in the English language have been so 
 generally admired as The Farmer's Boy. Those who agreed 
 in but little else in literary matters were unanimous in the 
 commendation of the poetical powers displayed by the pea 
 sant and journeyman mechanic. When Lord Byron, in 
 revenge for a deserved flagellation at the hands of Jeffrey, 
 undertook, with that mixture of arrogance and petty malice 
 which were his distinguishing characteristics, to turn the 
 literary corps into the subjects of a general whipping- 
 school, he does not forget the author of the Farmer's Boy : 
 " Hear then, ye happy sons of needless trade! 
 Swains quit the plough, resign the useless spade: 
 Lo! BURNS and BLOOMFIELD, nay, a greater far, 
 Gifford, was born beneath an adverse star, 
 Forsook the labours of a servile state, 
 Stemm'd the rude storm, and triumph'd over Fate." 
 English Bards and Scotch Reviewers. See BLOOMFIELD, NATHANIEL. 
 Among the eulogists of Bloomfield have been Parr, 
 Southey, Aiken, Watson, Montgomery, Dr. Drake, and Sir 
 Egerton Brydges. We quote some opinions : 
 
 " Such indeed are the merits of this work, [The Farmer's Boy,] 
 that, in true pastoral imagery and simplicity, I do not think any 
 production can be put in competition with it since the days of 
 Theocritus. To that charming rusticity which particularizes the 
 Grecian, are added the individuality, fidelity, and boldness of 
 description which render Thomson so interesting to the lovers of 
 Nature." DR. NATHAN DRAKE: Literary Hours. 
 
 "Flowing numbers, feeling piety, imagery and animation, a 
 taste for the picturesque, force of thought, and a true sense of the 
 natural and pathetic," 
 
 Mr. Lofft considers to be the common characteristics of 
 Thomson's Seasons and Bloomfield's Farmer's Boy. He 
 does not perceive any other resemblance, as some profess 
 to do. 
 
 " Mr. Bloomfield, on the publication of The Farmer's Boy, was 
 looked on as a poetical prodigy, and not without reason. For he 
 shewed in that poem a very fine feeling for the beauties and the 
 occupations of the country. ... It is most agreeable to read his 
 unlaboured descriptions of ploughing, and sowing, and reaping, 
 and sheaf-binding, and compunctious shooting of rooks. . . . The 
 Farmer's Boy is by far the best written, as to style and composi 
 tion, of any work of our uneducated poets. The melody of the 
 versification is often exceedingly beautiful. . . . The Rural Tales 
 were many of them very good. . . . The description of the Blind 
 Boy [in the News from the Farm] is worthy of being inserted 
 among the Flowers of English Poetry : graceful, elegant, and most 
 deeply affecting, even to tears." Blackwood's Mag., 1822. 
 
 " The Poem certainly discovers very clearly the powers of natural 
 unaffected genius." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 " We are here called away from our abstruser studies by these 
 productions of a genuine child of nature. In Bloomfield's first 
 poem, The Farmer's Boy, we saw and commended the evidence of 
 an original genius, well deserving of encouragement and cultiva 
 tion. With The Farmer's Boy we were highly pleased, because ii 
 showed, in the most striking manner, the natural movements of 
 an ingenuous mind ; but we hesitate not to declare ourselves still 
 more satisfied with the present volume." [Rural Tales, Ballads, 
 and Songs.] British Critic. 
 
 The Anti-Jacobin and Critical Review also highly com 
 mend the Rural Tales, Ac. : 
 
 " We now hail, with increased satisfaction, the more matured 
 flights of his well-fostered imagination." Anti-Jacobin. 
 
 ' We hope and believe that the success of this volume will equa 
 that of The Farmer's Boy : as we are sure that its merits are no 
 inferior." Critical Review. 
 
 As we commenced the quotation of opinions by a poeti 
 cal sneer of Lord Byron's, we shall conclude with some 
 stanzas which are much more creditable to their author : 
 " It is not quaint and local terms 
 Besprinkled o'er thy rustic lay, 
 Though well such dialect confirms 
 Its power unletter'd minds to sway; 
 But 'tis not these that most display 
 Thy sweetest charms, thy gentlest thrall; 
 Words, phrases, fashions pass away, 
 But Truth and Nature live through all." 
 Tribute to the Memory of Robert Bloomfield, by Bernard Barton. 
 Bloomfield, S. T., of Sidney College, Cambridge 
 D.D., Vicar of Bisbrook. This distinguished scholar ha 
 
 BLO 
 
 avoured the public with several very valuable works, 
 lecensio synoptica annotationis sacrae ; being a critical 
 ligest and synoptical arrangement of the most important 
 annotations on the New Testament, exegetical, philo- 
 ogical, and doctrinal, from the best commentators, 8 vols. 
 8vo, Lon., 1826. 
 
 " The leading feature of this work is the incorporation of the 
 whole of the exegetical and philological Annotations of Wetstein, 
 with a great quantity of biblical erudition, extracted from other 
 valuable sources. It would be impossible to convey to our readers 
 n adequate idea of the mass of information which the learned 
 uthor has brought to bear upon the numerous passages which he 
 has undertaken to illustrate ; and we can safely say, that in the 
 x>rtion of the New Testament which this part of the work em 
 braces the Four Gospels the inquirer will find very few, of 
 which Mr. Bloomfield has not given a complete and satisfactory 
 exposition." Quarterly Theological Rev., Sept. 1826. 
 
 "There is scarcely a single passage which is not elucidated. 
 Altogether this is one of the most important works in sacred lite 
 rature which has ever been offered to the attention of the Bible 
 student." HORNK. 
 
 Epitome Evangelica, 18mo. The following work is indeed 
 hvaluable. Greek-and-Euglish Lexicon of the New 
 Testament, by E. Robinson, D.D., Professor of Biblical 
 Literature in the Theological Seminary, New York ; edited, 
 with careful revision, corrections, and occasional additions, 
 and a Preface by S. T. B., 1 vol. 8vo. 
 
 "We consider it the best lexicon of the Greek Testament that 
 is extant. Dr. Bloomfield has proved himself an indefatigabJa 
 scholar, and his edition deserves unbounded success.'' Church 
 of Eng. Quarterly Review. 
 
 " It must prove of great value and advantage to every Clerical 
 student who is wise enough to procure it." Brit. Critic and Quar 
 terly Theological Review. 
 
 Greek and Eng. Lexicon to the N. Test. ; 2d edit, greatly 
 enlarged and considerably improved. 
 
 " In preparing this new edition for the press, besides availing 
 himself of every critical aid to which he could obtain access. Dr. 
 Bloomfield has completely re-cast we might perhaps say, almost 
 re-written the work. At least one-sixth of new matter has been 
 added. The etymological department of the work has been much 
 improved. In the more important words of the New Testament, 
 instead of bare references, which he had before given, the words 
 themselves are now added, insomuch that the work in its present 
 state may, in most cases, serve as a concordance to the Greek Tes 
 tament. Great additional pains have been bestowed in collecting 
 from the Septuagint, and from the learned Jewish-Greek writers, 
 Philo and Josephus, whatever is most adapted to illustrate thep- 
 culiar idioms of the New Testament. We regard this as a capital 
 improvement. The typographical arrangement of the pages is also 
 greatly improved. Altogether, this is confessedly the most useful, 
 as it is the cheapest, Lexicon to the Greek Testament extant in our 
 language." Church of England Quarterly Review. 
 
 Lexilogus Scholasticus, 18mo. Trans, of Thucydides, 3 
 vols. 8vo, 1829. 
 
 " By far the best translation of Thucydides. The Notes are a 
 treasury of Erudition." Classical Journal. 
 
 " In the Notes by this Translator, numerous interesting points 
 of Classical Antiquities are ably discussed, and many thousands of 
 invaluable illustrations of the obscure passages of the Author are 
 adduced from the best Greek writers of every age. As to the Ver 
 sion, considering the all but insuperable difficulties with which the 
 Translator has had to contend, in a writer said by some great scho 
 lars to be untranslatable, we can with truth say that he has executed 
 his task with fidelity, taste, and judgment. Upon the whole, we 
 can pronounce the work to be quite indispensable to all who would 
 hope to understand the text of the greatest of historians, but most 
 obscure of writers." Lon. Gentleman's Magazine. 
 
 " A version as literal and as perspicuous as erudition and indus 
 try combined can render it." Eclectic Review. 
 
 The Greek Testament, with English Notes, Critical, Phi 
 lological, and Explanatory, <fec., 2 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1832; 
 2d ed., 1836 j 3d, 1839 j 4th, 1841. The 2d ed. was enlarged 
 from the 1st, and the 3d upon the 2d ; the 4th is almost 
 exactly the same as the 3d; 9th ed., 1855, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Upon the whole, without depreciating the merit of the labours 
 of preceding editors, this third edition of the Greek Testament, by 
 Dr. Bloomfield, may justly be regarded as the most valuable for 
 biblical students that has yet been issued from the press in this 
 country." Home's Introduc.; which see for copious notices of Dr. 
 B.'s labours. 
 
 "Invaluable to all those whose profession requires, or whose lei 
 sure admits of. a critical study of the sacred writings. Dr. B. ha! 
 deserved well both of the Church and of the Christian world, am 
 has fairly earned the highest remuneration which the dispenseri 
 of ecclesiastical patronage have to bestow." Eclectic Review. 
 
 College and School Greek Testament, with Englisl 
 Notes, 12mo. 
 
 "This edition of the Greek Testament supplies a desideratum m 
 scholastic literature. The notes (which are strictly <rrannnatir:i 
 scholastic, and elementary) furnish to the juvenile student every 
 requisite aid for the correct Interpretation of the New Testament. 
 The volume is as cheap as it is beautifully and accurately print 
 Christian Remembrancer. ir^ta. 
 
 "It certainly, as a manual, has great advantage over the lesu 
 ments of Hardy and Talpy." Church of Eng. Quarterly Be** 
 
 " Dr. Bloomfield's New Testament for the use of Schools. lecture- 
 rooms. Colleges, Ac., is an invaluable work ; the notes and critic 
 apparatus being in general constructed with great labour * 
 present edition. 
 
BLO 
 
 " It is impossible to say how fer the public are indebted to Dr. ! 
 Bloomfield for these labours of his industrious pen ; they will carry ; 
 down his name with the highest honour to posterity." Evangeli 
 cal Mag., Nov. 1. 
 
 Bloomfield, William. Bloomfield's Blossoms, or the ! 
 Camp of Philosophy. Vide Ashmole, Theat. Chem., p. 305. j 
 
 Blore, Edward. Monumental Remains of noble and 
 eniinen t Persons, 6 parts, r. 4to, pub. at 6 ; India proofs, 
 9, Lon., 1826. 
 
 Contents. Queen Eleanor; Baron Fitzalan; Earl of Pembroke; j 
 Sir J. Douglas ; Gervase Alard, Admiral of the Cinque Ports; Queen , 
 Philippa; Earl of Warwick ; Edward Prince of Wales; King Ed 
 ward III.; T. Hatfield, Bishop of Durham; William of Wykham; | 
 John Gower (the. Poet); King Henry IV. and his Queen; Earl of 
 Arundel ; Earl of Westmoreland ; Earl of Douglas ; Duke of Somer 
 set; Duke of Gloucester; Sir John Spencer ; Archbishops Warham 
 and Peckham; Countess of Salisbury; and Sir Anthony Browne. 
 " This interesting production is among the number now publish 
 ing, which do credit to the taste and judgment of the country by 
 their object, and to the Arts by their style and execution." Lon. 
 Literary Gazette. 
 
 " A beautiful, and, indeed, captivating performance. The en 
 gravings, in the line manner, are from the faithful pencil, and in 
 part from the burin, of Mr. Blore ; and more brilliant, or rather 
 characteristic, performances have never yet been witnessed. The 
 proof impressions, on India paper, have a fascinating effect ; but 
 the critical antiquary will be equally well pleased with the ordi 
 nary copies." Dibdiris Library Companion. 
 
 Blore, Thomas. History and Antiquities of the 
 County of Rutland, vol. i. part 2; all pub., containing the 
 East Hundred and Casterton Parva, fol., Stamford, 1811. j 
 
 " This work merits great praise, and deservedly ranks very high 
 among such publications." LOWNDES. 
 
 Statement of Corresp. with Sir R. Philips, 1807, 8vo. 
 History of the Manor and Manor House of South Winfield, 
 in Derbyshire, Lon., 1793, 4to. No. iii. of the Miscell. An 
 tiquities in continuation of the Bibl. Topogr. Brit., Lon., 
 1793, 4to. Account of the Public Schools, Hospitals, and 
 other Charitable Foundations, in the Borough of Stamford, 
 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Blount, Charles, 1654-1693, son of Sir Henry Blount, 
 and descended from Sir Thomas Pope, founder of Trinity 
 College, Oxford, was born at his grandfather's residence at 
 Upper Holloway, Middlesex. Anima Mundi, Lon., 1679, 
 8vo. The tendency of this piece is deistical. The Two 
 Books of Philostratus, of the Life of Apollonius Tyanaeus, 
 from the Greek, Lon., 1680, fol. Trans, into French, Ber 
 lin, 1775, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "This piece was published with the design to invalidate the tes 
 timony of the Evangelists concerning the Miracles, &c. A few 
 copies only were dispersed before the work was suppressed." DR. 
 A. CLARKE. 
 
 " His life is related in so fabulous a manner by his disciples that 
 we are at a loss to discover whether he was a sage, an impostor, or 
 a fanatic." GIBBON. 
 
 Great is Diana of the Ephesians, Lon., 1680, 8vo. Also 
 of a deistical tendency. Janus Scientiarum, Lon., 1684, 
 8vo. William and Mary Conquerors, 1693, 4to. A curious 
 pamphlet, well meant, but not relished by Parliament, who 
 orlered it to be burnt. Mr. Blount was married at 18; on 
 the death of his wife he offered marriage to her sister, which 
 was declined from conscientious scruples. Having no reli 
 gious principle to enable him to bear disappointment, this 
 foolish man shot himself through the head in 1693. After 
 his death Mr. Gildon, also a disciple of infidelity, pub. 
 many of Blount's letters in a work called The Oracles of 
 Reason. (Oracles of Folly would have been the proper 
 title.) These precious relics of credulity for nothing is 
 so credulous as infidelity were afterwards pub., together 
 with some of the author's pieces, in 1690, 8vo, under the 
 title of The Miscellaneous Works of Charles Blount, Esq. 
 Gildon justified his friend in blowing out his brains, and 
 promised that he would blow his own out at some future 
 convenient time ; but whether a " return of non eat inventus" 
 rendered this impossible, or some other good reason pre 
 vented, we are not told. Certain it is that he condescended 
 to live till his time ran out. Dr. Nichols took Blount to 
 task in his Conference with a Theist; see also Leland's 
 Deistical Writers; Mosheim's History; and Bishop Van 
 Mildert's Boyle's Lectures. 
 
 Blount, Edward. Historic of the Vniting of the 
 Kingdom of Portugall to the Crowne of Castill, Ac., trans, 
 from Jerome Conestagio, Lon., 1600, 4to. The Hospitall 
 of incurable Fooles, trans, from the Italian of Th. Garzoni, 
 Lon., 1600, 4to. 5th and 7th edits, of Earle's Micro-Cos 
 mography, Lon., 1629, 1638 ; both 16mo. Ars Aulica, the 
 Courtier's Art, Lon., 1607, 12mo. Horse Subsecivse. Ob 
 servations and Discourses, Lon., 1626, 8vo. Christian 
 Policy. 
 
 Blount, Sir Henry, 1602-1682, father of Charles and 
 Sir Thomas Pope Blount, was of the ancient family of the 
 Blounts of So lington, in Worcestershire. In 1616 he was 
 
 BLO 
 
 entered a gentleman commoner in Trinity College, Oxford, 
 founded by his ancestor, Sir Thomas Pope. After travel 
 ling for nearly two years, he pub. in 1636, Lon., 4to, A 
 Voyage into the Levant, being a brief relation of a Journey 
 lately performed from England by the Way of Venice, into 
 Dalmatia, Sclavonia, Bosnia, Hungary, Macedonia, Thes- 
 saly, Thrace, Rhodes, and Egypt, and to Grand Cairo; 
 with particular observations concerning the modern condi 
 tion of the Turks, and other people under that Empire. 
 This work was so popular that several editions were speedily 
 disposed of, and it was trans, into French and Dutch ; 2d 
 edit., Lon., 1637, 4to; 3d edit., 1638, 4to; again pub. in 
 1650 and 1669, 12mo; 8th edit, also 12mo. See Osborne'a 
 Voyages, vol. i. p. 511, 1745; also Pinkerton's Voyages and 
 Travels, 1808-13. 
 
 " Blount's Travels to the Levant is a very short account of a 
 journey through Dalmatia, &c.; the whole very concise, and with 
 out any curious observations, or any notable descriptions. Ilia 
 account of the religions and customs of those people is only a brief 
 collection of some other travellers; the language mean, and not all 
 of it to be relied on, if we credit others who have writ better." 
 Introduc. to Churchill's Collec. of Voyages and Travels. 
 
 " The Voyage into the Levant is the voyage of a Skeptic ; it has 
 more of the philosopher than the traveller, and would, probably, 
 never have been written but for the purpose of insinuating his 
 religious sentiments. Yet his reflections are so striking and origi 
 nal, and so artfully interwoven with the thread of his adventures, 
 that they enliven instead of embarrassing the narrative. He has 
 the plausible art of colouring his paradox with the resemblance of 
 truth. So little penetration had the orthodox court of Charles the 
 First, that merely on the merit of thip book, he was appointed one 
 of the band of geii tleman pensioners." Warton's Life of Kir Tfumas 
 Popf. 
 
 Sir Henry wrote an Epistle in Praise of Tobacco and 
 Coffee, prefixed to a little treatise entitled Organon Salutis, 
 written by W. Rumsey, Esq., 1657, 59, 64, 12mo. A Satire 
 entitled The Exchange Walk, pub. in 1647, was written by 
 Blount, 
 
 " As I have been informed by some of his relations, tho' his sons 
 know nothing of it." WOOD. 
 
 However this may be, Wood certainly errs (according to 
 Dr. Bliss) in stating that Sir Henry pub. John Lillie's Six 
 Comedies, Lon., 1632, 8vo. 
 
 " They were published by Edward Blount, the bookseller, one ol 
 the proprietors of the first edition of the plays of Shakspeare." 
 
 Though Dr. Bliss made this correction in 1813, the error 
 has been handed down in our latest works. But such im 
 perfection must be, and doubtless we have our full share. 
 In the Oracles of Reason, (see BLOUNT, CHARLES,) will be 
 found a Latin fragment by Sir Henry, which shows that 
 the skeptical opinions of Charles Blount were certainly not 
 likely to be rectified by the unsound sentiments of his 
 father. Of solid judgment there would seem to have been 
 a sad deficiency in both. 
 
 Blount, J., Surgeon. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1792. 
 
 Blount, John, in Latin, Blondus, a divine of the 
 13th century, was educated at the Universities of Oxford 
 and Paris. He has the credit of being the first that lec 
 tured on Aristotle, both in Paris and Oxford. Wood's 
 Annals. He was Prebendary and Chancellor in the Church 
 of York, and in 1232 was elected Archbishop of Canter 
 bury, by the chapter. The pope, however, declared the 
 election void; the secret objection Bale considers to have 
 been that Blount 
 
 "Was more learned than that court wished an archbishop to be." 
 
 As an author Blount was very famous. It is doubtful if 
 any of his works are extant. Bale mentions Summarium 
 Sacrae Facultatus, lib. i., Disceptationes aliquot, lib. i., 
 and several Commentaries on the Scriptures. Lcland ; 
 Bale; Pits; Wood's Annals, by Outch, &c. 
 
 " Ho was celebrated by his contemporaries for the elegance of his 
 style, and for tho extensiveness of his learning. John Ross speakg 
 of him as a prodigy of erudition." 
 
 Blount, Thomas, 1618-1679, a native of Bardesley 
 in Worcestershire, entered himself of the Middle Temple, 
 and was admitted to tho Bar. 
 
 " Of a noble and antient family of his name, but never advan- 
 laged in learning by the help of an university, [he was a R. Catho 
 lic,] only his own and industry, together with the helps of his scho- 
 lastical acquaintance." WOOD. 
 
 His publications were numerous. The Art of making 
 Devises, trans, from Henry Estienne, Lon., 1646, 4to; again 
 enlarged, 1650, 4to. Academie of Eloquence, 1654, 12mo. 
 Glossographia, Lon., 1656, '70, '71, '79, '91, 8vo; en 
 larged by W. Nelson, 1717, fol. This is a dictionary of 
 obscure legal terms. He presented Anthony Wood with 
 " it: 
 
 leceiv'd from Tho. Blount, of the Inner Temple, Esq., a book 
 of his writing, Ac. ... This book he gave A. W. because he had, 
 in his great reading, collected some old words for his use, which 
 were remitted therein. Afterwards sending to him more, they were 
 remitted into tbb second edition of that book." At/ten. O-xan ; Life. 
 This 2d edit was pub. 1670. The Lamps of the Law, 
 
BLO 
 
 BLU 
 
 and the Lights of the Gospel, Lon., 1658, 8vo. A Pedi 
 gree of the Blounts, printed in Peachman's Complete Gen 
 tleman, 1661. Boscobel, or the Compleat History of his 
 Sacred Majesties most Miraculous Preservation after the 
 Battle of Worcester, 3d Sep., 1651, in two parts; 1st part, 
 Lon., 1660, 12mo. Collection of the Statutes concerning 
 Bankrupts, with the Resolutions of the Judges upon the 
 same, Lon., 1670, 8vo. In 1673 he puh. a criticism upon 
 Phillips's New World of Words, and in 1672 Animadver 
 sions upon Baker's Chronicle. A Cat. of the Catholics 
 who lost their lives in the King's Cause, during the Civil 
 War. Fragmenta Antiquitatis, Ac., Lon., 1679, 1784, 8vo; 
 new ed. by Beckwith, 1815, 4to. A work of great popu 
 larity. Boscobel, the Second Part, with the addition of 
 the Claustrum Regale reseratum, or the King's conceal 
 ment at Trent, in Somersetshire, pub. by Mrs. Anne Wind- 
 ham of Trent, Lon., 1681. This work was formerly much 
 sought after by the curious. See a valuable notice of Bos 
 cobel in the Retrospective Review, vol. xiv. 47-68. 
 
 " The two tracts entitled Boscobel, with all the plates, are among 
 the most scarce and high-priced historical pamphlets of the 17th 
 century." Retros. Review. 
 
 Blount also pub. A Catholic Almanac, 1661, '62, '63, and 
 an Animadversion on Booker's Almanac. 
 
 " He was a man of general knowledge, and an industrious and 
 useful writer." 
 
 Blount, Sir Thomas Pope, 1649-1697, eldest son 
 of Sir Henry, and brother of Charles Blount, sat in Par 
 liament as member for St. Alban's and Hertfordshire ; he 
 was also for the last thirty years of his life commissioner 
 of accounts, to which post he was elected by the House 
 of Commons. He pub. in 1690, Lon., folio, 
 
 " CENSURA CELEBRIORUM AUTHORUM sive tractatus in quo varia 
 yirorum doctorum de clarissimis, cuj usque, seculi scriptoribus 
 j udicia traduntur. Unde facillimo negotio lector dignoscere queat, 
 quid in singulis quibusque istorum authorum maxime rnemora- 
 bile sit, & quonam in pretio apud erudites semper habiti fuerint. 
 Omnia in studiosorum gratiam collegit & in ordinem digessit se- 
 cundum seriem temporis quo ipsi authores floruerunt : i. e. A 
 CRITIQUE ON THE MOST CELEBRATED WRITERS, or a treatise in which 
 the various opinions of the most learned men, as to the merit of 
 the most famous authors in every age, are delivered, whereby the 
 reader may, with great ease, discern what is most memorable with 
 respect to each of these authors, and in what esteem they have 
 always been among the learned. The whole for the use of the 
 studious, collected and digested according to the order of time 
 in which the authors flourished." Biog. Brit. ; in which see the 
 author's admirable epistle explaining his design. 
 
 It will be observed that the plan of this work is the one 
 in view in the present volume, (limited to British and 
 American authors,) though one entertained by us long be 
 fore we were acquainted with the peculiarities of Sir 
 Thomas's excellent compilation. It is written in Latin, 
 and in the foreign editions, Geneva, 1694, 4to, and 1710, 
 4to, the quotations from modern languages are trans, into 
 Latin, so as to give the whole a uniform appearance. 
 
 " When I first began the work, it was scarcely in my thoughts 
 to communicate it to the learned world : for my own use I drew it 
 together; and now at the request of persons of distinguished 
 learning, give it to the Public. The rather because having ob 
 served with what eagerness the Acta Eruditorum, and other books 
 of the same nature, are caught up, not only by men of slender 
 learning, but even such as are in the first forms of learning, I 
 could not but hope, that even this collection of mine, such as it 
 is, would not displease them." EpistU to the reader, in Biog. Brit. 
 Sir Thomas's list of authors is brief indeed, as it in 
 cludes less than 600 names, although he begins with 
 " Hermes Trismegistus, who is thought to have been co 
 eval with Moses, and from him I descend to our own time." 
 We intend that our list shall enrol the names of some 
 30,000 authors, but cannot, of course, be expected to be 
 very diffuse in treating of each one. Niceron compares 
 the Censura to Baillet's Jugemens des Savans, but there 
 is the important difference that Baillet reports the opinions 
 of others in his own words with his additions, whilst Blount 
 transcribes them literally, which, remarks a critic, " adds 
 considerably to their value." This value, at least, the pre 
 sent volume will possess, whilst we shall take the liberty 
 which Monsieur Baillet indulges in, of occasionally stat 
 ing our own views. 
 
 " Blount omits no class nor any age; his arrangement is nearly 
 chronological, and leads the reader from the earliest records of 
 literature to his own time. The polite writers of modern Europe, 
 and the men of science, do not receive their full share of atten 
 tion; but this volume, though not, I think, much in request at 
 
 present, is a very convenient accession to any scholar's library " 
 
 HaUam's Lit. of Europe. 
 
 " That most useful book, published by Sir Thomas Pope Blount 
 entitled Censura, Ac." DR. HARWOOD. 
 
 " Sir Thomas Pope Blount's Censura, Ac. is unquestionably a 
 learned work the production of a rural and retired life." 
 
 " ' Umbraticam enim vitam et ab omni strepitu remotam sem 
 per in delitiis habui,' says the author in the preface. It treats 
 chiefly of the most learned men, and sparingly of the English." 
 IHbdin's Bibliomania. 
 210 
 
 " The object of the Censvira, &c. was to bring together the opi 
 nions of the learned on the most distinguished writers of all 
 countries from the earliest periods; and the very accomplished 
 and erudite compiler has accordingly produced a volume of great 
 esearch, authority, and use." SIR EGERTON BRYDGES: Censura 
 jiteraria, vol. i. 
 
 It is hard to say whether the author's pains or his modesty be 
 more conspicuous. This we may be the rather allowed to say, 
 laving often consulted Sir Thomas's book in order to enrich our 
 )wn . Biog. Brit. 
 
 Sir Thomas pub. in 1693, 12mo, A Natural History, con- 
 ;aining many not common observations, extracted out of 
 he best modern authors. 
 
 " He presents the public with the fruits of his reading, as to 
 Natural History, without depriving those from whom he drew his 
 knowledge, of any part of their reputation; a conduct which few 
 lave imitated, and which we can scarcely enough commend." 
 Biog. Brit. 
 
 Essays on Poetry, Learning, Education, Customs of 
 the Ancients, Passion, and several other subjects, Lon., 
 1697, 4to. 
 
 " His Essays in point of learning, judgment, and freedom of 
 ihought. are certainly no way inferior to those of the femous Mon 
 taigne." Ibid. 
 
 De Re Poetica, or Remarks upon Poetry ; with Characters 
 and Censures of the most considerable Poets, whether an 
 cient or modern. Extracted out of the best and choicest 
 critick?, Lon., 1694, 4to. 
 
 It is a pity that he had not left out the whole of what relates 
 X) the Greek and Latin, and confined himself entirely to the British 
 Poets." Dibdin's Bibliomania. 
 
 The works of this excellent author are now rarely to be 
 found, and a republication, by one of the enterprising pub- 
 ishers of the day, the Bohns, Knights, Hurrays, Long 
 mans, et id genus omne, (we do not use the phrase in the 
 Horatian sense,) would be of great advantage to the Re 
 public of Letters. 
 
 Blount, Walter Kircham. The Spirit of Chris 
 tianity, Lon., 1686, 8vo. 
 
 Blow, John, 1648-1708, an eminent musician, a na 
 tive of Nottinghamshire. Boyce and Aldrich printed 
 some of his church music, but many pieces are still in MS. 
 When will they be collected and published ? Why does 
 not Mr. Hullah give them to the world? Blow's secular 
 compositions were pub. in 1700, folio, under the title of 
 Amphion Anglicus, in imitation of Purcel's collection, the 
 Orpheus Britannicus ; but are thought much inferior. Some 
 of his choral productions are in a very bold and grand 
 style, yet he is unequal and frequently unhappy in his 
 attempts at new harmony and composition. Dr. Burney 
 criticises his works, and Sir John Hawkins gives us some 
 information concerning his peculiarities. 
 
 Blower, Aminadab. An assumed name attached 
 to a work against the English Liturgy. 
 Blower, Elizabeth. Novels, <fcc., 1780, '82, '85. 
 Blower, John. Funeral Sermons, 1714, 8vo. 
 Blower, Samuel. Sermon, 1697, 8vo. 
 Blowers, Thomas, 1677-1729, of Beverly, Massa 
 chusetts. Funeral Sermon on Rev. J. Green, 1715. 
 
 Bloxam, C. L., and F. A. Abel. Hand-Book of 
 Chemistry, Theoretical, Practical, and Technical ; with a 
 preface by Dr. Hoffman, 8vo. 
 
 "The present volume is a synopsis of the author's experience in 
 laboratory teaching: it gives the necessary instruction in che 
 mical manipulation, a concise account of general chemistry as fer 
 as it is involved in the operations of the laboratory; and lastly, 
 qualitative and quantitative analysis." Du. HOFFMAN. 
 
 " The importance of the work is increased by the introduction 
 of much of the technical chemistry of the manufactory." Lon. 
 Athenaeum. 
 
 Bloys, Wm. Medita. on 42d Psalm, Lon., 1632, 8vo. 
 Bluett, J. C Duelling, and the Laws of Honour 
 Examined and Condemned upon Principles of Common 
 Sense and Revealed Truth, 2d edit., Lon., 1836, 12rao. 
 See Sabine's History of Duelling. Duellists should be 
 ranked among the worst criminals, and punished accord 
 ingly. He who dares to boldly defy the laws of God and 
 man, deserves the respect of none, and the contempt of all. 
 Bluett, Thomas. Life of Job ; the Song of Solomon ; 
 the H. Priest of Boonda, Lon., 1734, 8vo. 
 
 B lun tie 11, Sir George. Remarks upon a Treatise 
 of Humane Reason, and on Mr. Warren's late Defence of 
 it, Lon., 1683, 8vo. 
 
 Blundell, H. Account of his Collection of Statue?, 
 Busts, &c., at luce, (near Liverpool,) 4to, privately printed, 
 Liverp., 1803, 4to. 
 
 " Of this volume a very limited number was printed 1>y V'<- 
 Blundell, who afterwards used every means to suppress the pub 
 lication." Jtf Note. See II. G. Bohn's Cat. for 1841 . 
 
 Blundell, James, M.D. Principles and Practice o 
 Obstetric Medicine ; new edit., with additions and notes by 
 Dr. Rogers and Alex. T oe, Lon., 1846, 8vo, pp. 1172. 
 " This new and greatly-eimrged edition of Dr. Blunders excel- 
 
BLU 
 
 lent work should be called a Cyclopedia of Practical Midwifery, the 
 additions are so extensive and judicious." Med. Gaz. 
 
 Dr. B. has also pub. Medicina Mechanica, and several 
 other profess, works. 
 
 Blundell, T. Sermons on Various Subjects, 1806. 
 Blundeville, Thomas, an English mathematician, 
 pub. several works, Lon., 1561-1606, Ac. Three Treatises, 
 Lon., 1561, 4to. Treatise declaring howe many Councel, 
 Ac., a Prince ought to have, Lon., 1570, 8vo. Methode 
 of Wryting and reading of Hystories, Ac. 1574, 16mo. 
 The Four chiefest Offices belonging to Horsemanship, Ac., 
 1580, 4to. Briefe Description of Vniversal Mappes and 
 Cards, Ac., 1589, 4to. Exercises containing sixe Trea 
 tises, 1594, 4to. This book was popular, and many edi 
 tions were pub. Art of Logike, 1599, 4to. Art of Ryding 
 and Breaking Great Horses, 8vo. Theoriques of the Pla 
 nets, 1602, 4to. 
 
 Blunt, Charles. Mechanical Drawing, 2 vols. r. 
 4to, 1810. 
 
 Blunt, Charles F. Lecture on Astronomy. Beauty 
 of the Heavens ; a Pictorial Display of the Astronomical 
 Phenomena of the Universe; with a Series of Familiar 
 Lectures on Astronomy, expressly adapted for Family In 
 struction and Entertainment, 4to, with 104 coloured plates. 
 " A more acceptable present could not be devised for tbe young." 
 Lon. Art Union. 
 
 Blunt, Edmund, son of Edmund M., b. Nov. 13, 
 1799, Newburyport, Mass., an hydrographer of great skill 
 and utility. From 1816 to the present date (1858) he has been 
 engaged in making charts and prosecuting surveys in Gua 
 temala, West Indies, and the sea-coasts of the U. States. 
 
 Blunt, Edmund M., b. June 20, 1770, Portsmouth, 
 N.H., resident of N.Y., and father of Joseph, Edmund, George 
 W., and Nathaniel B. Blunt. Amer. Coast Pilot, and many 
 other nautical works of great merit. The Coast Pilot was 
 first pub. in 1796, at Newburyport, Mass. ; 18th ed., large 
 8vo, N.Y., 1858. This work sustains a high reputation for 
 accuracy, and is in general use by the American merchant- 
 marine. It has been translated into most of the languages 
 of Europe. 
 
 Blunt, George W., son of Edmund M., b. March 
 11, 1802, in Newburyport, Mass., one of the editors of the 
 Coast Pilot since 1826 ; also editor of other nautical works. 
 Blunt, Henry, d. 1843, Rector of Streathan, Surrey, 
 and Chaplain to the Duke of Richmond. For some years 
 Mr. B. was incumbent of Trinity Church in Sloane street, 
 called Upper Chelsea. In 1835 the Duke of Bedford pre 
 sented him to the Rectory of Streathan. Mr. Blunt's 
 publications are highly popular. Two Sermons on the Sa 
 crament, 1825. Sermon on the Funeral of Gen. Sir Henry 
 Calvert, 1826. 8 Lectures upon the History of Jacob, 1828. 
 9 Lectures upon the History of St. Peter, 1829. National 
 Mercies a Motive for National Reformation, 1830. 12 Lec 
 tures upon the History of Abraham, 1831. A Sermon 
 upon the Lord's Day, 1832. 12 Lectures upon the History 
 of St. Paul, Part 1, 1832. History of St. Paul, Part 2, 
 1833. Two Discourses upon the Trial of the Spirits, 1833. 
 Lectures upon the History of Christ, 1834. An Ordination 
 Sermon, 1834. Discourses upon some of the Doctrinal 
 Articles of the Church of England, 2d edit., 1835, 12mo. 
 Practical Exposition of the Epistles to the Seven Churches 
 of Asia : 3d edit., 1838, 12mo. A Family Exposition of 
 the Pentateuch, 3 vols., 1844, 12mo. Lectures on the His 
 tory of Elisha, 5th edit, 1846, 12mo. Sermons preached 
 at Trinity Church, 5th edit, 1843, 12mo. Posthumous 
 Sermons and Pastoral Letters, 2d edit, 3 vols., 1844, '45, 
 '47, 12mo. Some of Mr. B.'s works have gone through 
 40 editions in England, and have been extensively circu 
 lated in the United States. 
 
 " The most popular religious books of the age in style and matter." 
 It has been suggested that Mr. Blunt's Commentary on the 
 Old Testament should be read as a companion to that of Bishop 
 Sumner on the New." 
 
 " Devoid of all pretension in his style of composition, and of all 
 studied elaboration in his train of thought, our author is one of 
 the clearest and most effective writers of his day. Simplicity and 
 perspicuity are the main charms of his publications, and of his 
 pulpit discourses; and combined as those qualities are with 
 sprightliness of thought, with occasional sallies of imagination, 
 and with a rich vein of appropriate illustration, they constitute 
 him at once an instructive preacher and an acceptable writer. . . 
 would that all ministers, in and out of the Church of England, 
 were such in zeal, talent, and devotedness." Lon. Evaiig. Mag. 
 ' His death was in harmony with his life. His intellect clear; 
 aith unclouded; his spirit humble, affectionate, thankful, 
 rheerful, happy ; his interest in the church and in the cause of 
 his Saviour undecaying." London Record. 
 
 Blunt, J. Obstetric Family Instructor, Lon.,1793,12mo. 
 Blunt, John. Practical Farriery, Lon., 1773, 12mo 
 Blunt, John James, 1794-1855, Margaret Prof, of Di 
 vinity at Cambridge. Theol. and other publications; thebest- 
 
 BOA 
 
 known of which is Undesigned Coincidences in the Writings 
 both of the Old and New Testament an argument of their 
 veracity. This includes a republication of : 1. The Veracity 
 of the Books of Moses ; 2. The Veracity of the Historical 
 Scriptures of the Old Testament, (Hulsean Lectures ;) 3. 
 The Veracity of the Gospels and Acts. The whole, revised 
 and enlarged, appeared as a 2d ed. in 1847, and the 5th ed. 
 was pub. in 1856. 
 
 "A work of great value, and one which must attract the atten 
 tion of every student of the Scriptures. The novelty of the investi 
 gation, the success with which it is prosecuted, and the confirmation 
 it elicits, will impress the mind of any one who will give it an exa 
 mination." Lon. Chris. Obs. 
 
 " Mr. Blunt has signalized himself as a very successful disciple 
 of Dr. Paley in the management of that species of Christian evi 
 dence which arises from the discovery of undesigned coincidences 
 of revealed truth." LOWNDES. 
 
 Principles for the Proper Understanding of the Mosaic 
 Writings, 1833, 8vo : highly commended. History of the 
 Christian Church in the First Three Centuries ; 2d ed., 8vo, 
 1857. On the Right Use of the Early Fathers, 8vo, 1857. 
 Duties of the Parish Priest; 2d ed., 1857. Plain Serms., 
 p. 8vo, 1856. Serms. at Cambridge, 1836, 8vo ; 1845, '47, 
 8vo; 1849, 8vo; 1851, 8vo. Vestiges of Ancient Manners 
 in Italy and Sicily, 8vo. 
 
 Blunt, Joseph, b. Feb. 1792, at Newburyport, Mass., 
 lawyer of N. York, son of Edmund M. Blunt. Historical 
 Sketch of the Formation of the American Confederacy, N. 
 York, 1825, 8vo. Speeches, Reviews, and Reports, 1843, 
 8vo. Merchants' and Shipmaster's Assistant, N.York, 8vo. 
 Amer. Annual Register, 1827-35, N.York, 8 vols. 8vo. Mr. 
 B. was the editor of this work, and wrote many parts of it. 
 Blunt, Leonard, author of a poem. The curious may 
 consult Steevens's Sale Catalogue, No. 1047. 
 
 Blunt, Nathaniel Bowditch, 1804-1854, son of 
 Edmund M. Blunt, was a distinguished lawyer of N.York, 
 author of numerous addresses, Ac. Eulogy on the Death 
 of Henry Clay, delivered at the request of the corporate 
 authorities of the City of N. York. A masterly production. 
 Blunt, Walter. Dissenting Baptisms and Church 
 Burials. Strictures upon the decision of the late Sir 
 John Nicholl ; with an attempt at an investigation of the 
 judgment of the Church of England upon the subject, 
 Exeter, 1840, Svo. Ecclesiastical Restoration and Reform ; 
 No. 1. Considerations and practical Suggestions on Church- 
 rates, Ac., Lon., 1847, Svo. ~. 
 
 Bluteau, Dom Raphael, 1638-1734, a Theatine, 
 born in London of French parents, became very celebrated 
 for his proficiency in sacred and profane learning. His 
 works are, 1. A Vocabulary or Dictionary, Portuguese 
 and Latin; Coimbra, 1712-28, 10 vols. fol., including a 
 supplement in 2 vols. From this work Moraes de Silva 
 compiled a Portuguese Dictionary, Lisbon, 1789, 2 vols. 
 4to. 2. Oraculum utriusque Testament! musaeum Blutea- 
 vinum. 3. A List of all Dictionaries, Castilian, Italian, 
 French, and Latin, with the dates, Ac., Lisbon, 1728, and 
 printed in the supplement to his Dictionary. 4. Sermons 
 and Panegyrics under the title of Primicias Evangelicas, 
 1685, 4to. He died at Lisbon in the 95th year of his age. 
 " On the 28th of February his eloge was pronounced in the aca 
 demy, and two learned doctors gravely discussed the question 
 ' Whether England was most honoured in his birth, or Portugal 
 in his death.' "Biog. Univ. 
 
 Blydenburgh, J. W. A Treatise on the law of Usu 
 ry, Ac., New York, 1844, Svo. 
 
 " This is a valuable work, embodying the English and American 
 decisions, and contains appropriate practical forms of procedure." 
 Marvin's Legal Bill. 
 
 Blyth, Robert. 1. A Speech ; 2. Sermon, 1795, 4to. 
 Blyth, S. Funeral Serm. on Mr. Bourn, 1754, Svo. 
 Blythe, Walker. See BLITH. 
 Boaden, James, b. 1762, a native of Whitehaven, 
 pub. a number of Plays, Ac. His best-known productions 
 are, A Letter to George Steevens, Esq., containing a Criti 
 cal Examination of the Papers of Shakspeare pub. by Mr. 
 S. Ireland, [see IRELAND, S., and W. H.,] Lon., 1796, 
 Svo. Inquiry into the Authenticity of various Pictures 
 and Prints, which from the Decease of the Poet to our 
 own times have been offered to the Public as Portraits of 
 Shakspeare, Lon., 1824, Svo. Memoirs of the Life of John 
 Philip Kemble, Esq., 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 "Mr. Boaden appears to have been the companion of Kemble, 
 and, what is more, he was worthy of his friendship. Of that 
 friendship he has constructed an imperishable record, honourable 
 alike to his talents as a scholar and to his feelings as a man." 
 Lon. Gfntkman's Mag. 
 
 The Life of Mrs. Jordan, 2 vols. Svo. 
 Boag, William. Fevers and Dysentery of Hot Cli 
 mates. Med. Facts, 1793. 
 
 Boak, John. Letter to T. Bere, 1801, 12mo. Eluci 
 dation of Characters, 1802, Svo. 
 
 211 
 
BOA 
 
 BOD 
 
 Boardman, Henry A., D t D., was b. 1808, at Troy, 
 in New York, graduated at Yale College in 1829. He 
 has been since 1833 pastor of the Tenth Presbyterian 
 Church in Philadelphia. In 1853 the General Assembly 
 elected him to fill the Chair of Pastoral Theology and 
 Church Government, Composition and Delivery of Ser 
 mons, in the Theological Seminary at Princeton, New 
 Jersey, but he declined the honour, preferring to remain 
 with a congregation and community to which he is greatly 
 endeared by his many excellent qualities as a Christian 
 and a gentleman. Dr. Boardman's publications have been 
 numerous. We notice some of the principal : The Scrip 
 ture Doctrine of Original Sin, pp. 120, 1839. Letters to 
 Bishop Doane on the Oxford Tracts, pp. 100, 1841. The 
 Prelatical Doctrine of the Apostolical Succession examined, 
 pp. 350, 12mo, 1844. The Importance of Religion to the 
 Legal Profession, 1849. The Bible in the Family, pp. 300, 
 12mo, 1851. The Bible in the Counting-House : a Course 
 of Lectures to Merchants, pp. 400, 12mo, 1853. 
 
 " Dr. Boardman's style reflects his own mental vigour, clearness, 
 vivacity, industry, finish, and taste. It abounds in apt illustra 
 tions, puts abstract principles in concrete living forms, is relieved 
 by salient points and sparkling jets ; it often rings with the notes 
 of a genuine eloquence, and is enriched with copious and apposite 
 facts, apparently noted for the purpose in the course of an exten 
 sive reading." Princeton Review. 
 
 " The style of these lectures is altogether admirable and per 
 fectly adapted to their subject ; it is free and familiar, without 
 condescending to commonplace or flippancy, and is often impres 
 sive and eloquent without being suggestive of the pulpit." Put 
 nam's Monthly Mag. 
 
 " Eminently judicious and practical, and forms a worthy supple 
 ment to the great work of Dr. Chalmers on the same subject." 
 
 A Discourse on the Low Value set upon Human Life in 
 the United States, 1853. 
 
 " A seasonable, able, and discriminating discourse." -Presbyte 
 rian Magazine. 
 
 Discourse on the American Union. Eulogium on Daniel 
 Webster. A Pastor's Counsels, pp. 100. The Great Ques 
 tion, pp. 230, 12ino : many editions. The Christian Ministry 
 not a Priesthood. 
 
 Boardman, J. Analysis of Penmanship, 1809, 4to. 
 
 Boardman, James. Trans, of Linguet's Analysis, 
 and Review of Voltaire's Works, Lon., 1790, 8vo. A Vo 
 cabulary of the English, Latin, French, Italian, Spanish, 
 German, and Portuguese Languages, 1811, 12mo. 
 
 " This work is intended for those learners of languages who, 
 being suddenly called abroad, require a ready precision of current 
 words. Mr Boardman rashly combines in one vocabulary both 
 northern and southern words. His German column should have 
 been omitted; it is incorrectly printed and ludicrously careless. 
 The performance displays a very inconsiderable knowledge of com 
 parative grammar." Lon. Monthly Review, 1812. 
 
 Boardman, Thomas. A Dictionary of the Veteri 
 nary Art, Lon., 1802-03, 4to. 
 
 Boardman, William. System of Book-Keeping on 
 a Plan entirely new, Lon., 1812, 4to. 
 
 Boase, Henry. Letter to Lord King rel. to the 
 Banks, 1804, 8vo. Remarks on the supposed Deprecia 
 tion of our Currency, Lon., 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Boase, H. S., Sec. Roy. Geol. Soc. of Cornwall. 
 Treatise on Primary Geology, 1834, 8vo. 
 
 " An admirable work. Dr. Boase has anticipated a movement 
 recently communicated to geological science in this country, which 
 would certainly have told by its effect in a very short time. His 
 book involves some of the most refined discussions of which Geology 
 is susceptible, and we cannot but express our ardent admiration 
 for the talent and research which it displays." Lon. Literary Gaz. 
 
 Boate, Gerard, was a native of Holland, but we 
 naturalize him for his services as Physician to the State in 
 Ireland, and his excellent work entitled Ireland's Natural 
 History, pub. by Samuel Hartlib, Lon., 1652, 12mo. It 
 was trans, into French, Paris, 1666, 12mo, and afterwards 
 incorporated into a Natural History of Ireland, by several 
 hands, 1726, 4to ; reprinted 1755, with a new Preface and 
 Index of Chapters, 4to. 
 
 " We have here a work excellent in its kind, as not only full of 
 truth and certainty, but written with much judgment, order, and 
 exactness." BISHOP NICOLSON : Irish Historical Library. 
 
 " Although some of his accounts are imperfect, and his topo 
 graphical errors numerous, it is wonderful that a stranger should 
 have accomplished so much, and at least run away with the ho 
 nour of laying the foundation of the natural history of Ireland." 
 
 Bobart, Jacob. Pub. vol. ii. of Morison's Oxford 
 History of Plants, 1699, fol. Effects of Great Frost on 
 Trees and other Plants, Phil. Trans., 1684. 
 
 Bobbin, Tim. Miscell. Works, Manches., 1775, 
 12mo. The Passions, 1811, 4to. See COLLIER, JOHN. 
 
 Bockett, J. Pride Exposed, Lon., 1710, 12mo. 
 
 Boddington, Mrs. Sketches in the Pyrenees. 
 Slight Reminiscences of the Rhine. The Gossips Week. 
 Poems. 
 
 " A volume of very pleasing poems. ... We have not room for 
 more than one specimen, but its elegant simplicity and unexag- 
 213 
 
 gerated feeling will remind our readers of Rogers's Italy; and we 
 cannot give higher praise." Lon. Times. 
 
 " Our authoress is a genuine painter, having feeling, force, beauty, 
 imagination, and colouring." LEIGH HUNT. 
 
 Bode, Rev. J. E., M.A. Ballads from Herodotus; 2d 
 ed., Lun., 16mo, 1858. Short Occasional Poems, 16mo, 1858. 
 
 Boden, Rev. Mr. Watt refers to WILLIAMS, REV. DR. 
 
 Boden, Joseph. Sermon, Lon., 1644, 8vo. 
 
 Bodeiiham, John, an industrious compiler of other 
 men's labours, temp. Elizabeth. Politeuphia, or Wit's 
 Commonwealth, Lon., 1598 ; 18th edit., 1661. ' This is a 
 collection of extracts from the ancient moral philosophers. 
 An edit, amended, 1644. Pallidas Tamia, Wit's Treasury, 
 by F. Meres, forms a second part. Wit's Theater of the 
 Little World, Lon., 1598; again 1699, 16mo. This is a 
 compendium of historical facts, intended to suggest philo 
 sophical reflections. We quote from a copy before us a 
 portion of the address to the reader : 
 
 " The profit that ariseth by reading these epitomized histories is 
 to emulate that which thou likest in others, and to make right 
 vse of theyr examples." 
 
 Bodenham's compilations are very rarely to be met with. 
 England's Helicon, 1600, 4to. This is a collection of Eng 
 lish poetry of an amatory character. It will be found re 
 printed entire in the British Bibliography, vol. iii. 120 
 copies were printed separately at 2 2. Bel-vedere, or the 
 Garden of the Muses, Lon., 1600, 8vo; reprinted, 1610, 
 8vo, with the omission of the word "Bel-vedere." Priced 
 in Bib. Anglo- Poet. edit. 1600, 25; 1610, 21. Copious 
 accounts of this valuable work will be found in Drake's 
 Shakspeare and his Times, vol. i., and in Censura Litera- 
 ria, vol. i. Eleven poets are enumerated in the Bel-vedere 
 who are not to be found in England's Parnassus. 
 
 " I have set down both how, whence, and where, these flowers 
 had their first springing, till thus they were drawne together into 
 the Muses Garden ; that every one may challenge his owne, each 
 plant his particular, and no one be injured in the justice of his 
 merit." Proemium by the compiler. 
 
 " It will be seen that this compilation must have been formed 
 with elaborate attention, and that it must necessarily contain 
 many choice and sententious flores poetarum Anglicanorum." 
 Censura Literaria. 
 
 Bodington, John. On Cant. iii. 11, 1662, 12mo. 
 
 Bodius, or Boyd, Andrew. Carmen Panegyricum 
 ad Regem Carolum in Scotiam redientem, Edin., 1633, 4to. 
 
 Bodius, Marcus Alexander. See BOYD, M. A. 
 
 Bodius, Robt. See BOYD, ROBERT. 
 
 Bodius, Zacharias. See BOYD, ZACH. 
 
 Bodley, James, M.D. A Critical Essay upon the 
 Works of Physicians, Lon., 1741, 8vo. 
 
 Bodley, Josias, youngest brother of Sir Thomas 
 Bodley, wrote Observations concerning the fortresses of 
 Ireland and the British Colonies of Ulster, and Jocular 
 Description of a Journey taken by him to Lecale in Ul 
 ster, in 1602. These pieces have not been printed. 
 
 Bodley, Laurence, b. about 1546, d. 1615, a younger 
 brother of Sir Thomas Bodley, and a benefactor to the 
 Bodleian Library, was a graduate of Christ Church Col 
 lege, Oxford. He wrote an elegy on the death of Bishop 
 Jewel, which was pub. in Humphrey's Life of that prelate. 
 
 Bodley, Sir Thomas, 1544-1612, the illustrious 
 founder of the noble Library at Oxford which bears bis 
 name, was a native of Dunscomb, near Crediton. His 
 birthday, March 2d, should ever be honoured, not only 
 by the sons of Oxford, but also by the disciples of letters 
 and philosophy in all parts of the world. His father being 
 warmly attached to the Protestant cause, and, therefore, 
 obnoxious to the favourites of Queen Mary, resided for 
 some years at Geneva, where Thomas attended the lectures 
 of Chevalier on Hebrew, Beroald on Greek, and Calvin 
 and Beza on Divinity. Returning to England, he was en 
 tered at Magdalen College in 1559. Here in due season 
 he became lecturer on the Greek tongue, reader on Natural 
 Philosophy, and junior proctor. Leaving college, he tra 
 velled for nearly four years, and three years after his re 
 turn was appointed Esquire of the Body to Queen Eliza 
 beth. He now devoted himself to diplomacy, and resided 
 abroad for almost the whole period from 1585 to 1597. 
 Having retired to private life, he determined to put in exe 
 cution a long-cherished plan, to found in Oxford a library 
 worthy of the reputation of that ancient seat of learning. 
 Accordingly he made a proposition to this effect in a letter 
 "from London, Feb. 23, 1597," to Dr. Ravis, Vice-Chan- 
 cellor of Oxon. He prefaces his noble overture with tbe 
 declaration that 
 
 " I have been always of a mind that, if God, of his goodness, 
 should make me able to do any thing for the benefit of posterity, 
 I would shew some token of affection that I have evermore borno 
 to the studies of good learning." 
 
 This liberal proposition was received in a better spirit 
 
BOD 
 
 than has been evinced in some cases of a like nature in 
 our own day by certain institutions of learning in Eng 
 land and America. Bodley encouraged others to follow 
 his example, and the harvest was so plentiful that Sir 
 Thomas determined to pull down the old fabric and " build 
 greater." On the 19th of July, 1610, he laid the first 
 stone of a new edifice, which he did not live to see com 
 pleted. In 1629 the third Earl of Pembroke made a valua 
 ble addition to the Library, of several hundreds of valuable 
 Greek MSS. In 1623 Sir Kenelm Digby added to its 
 stores, and after this followed the precious collections of 
 Laud, Selden, Francis Junius, and many others. We 
 presume that the Bodleian Library numbers this day (1854) 
 not less than 250,000 volumes. Sir Thomas wrote his Life 
 in 1609, which was pub. Oxon., 1647, 4to, and again by 
 Hearne in the Reliquiae Bodleianae, 1763, 8vo, including 
 his Letters to Dr. James, &c. Litterae D. Tho. Bodleio, 
 &c., Ox., 1658, 4to. 
 
 " Out of 234 Letters, not above 2 are dated ; which renders the 
 little historical matter in them of less value : they wholly turn on 
 buying and sorting; books, building the library, and other matters 
 relating to that subject."CoLE. 
 
 Dr. Thomas James prepared a catalogue of the Library 
 pub. 1605, '20, '35, '36. It then contained some 20,000 
 articles. The reader will be pleased to see by reference 
 to the following testimonies, the veneration with which 
 the character of Sir Thomas was regarded by his contem 
 poraries : 
 
 Oratio Funebris habita in Schola Theologica in Obitum 
 clariss. Equitis Tho. Bodley, Oxon, 1613, 4to. This ora 
 tion (by Js. Wake) is reprinted in Dr. Will. Bates's Vitae 
 selectorum aliquot virorum. Justa Funebria Ptolemaei 
 Oxoniensis, Thomae Bodleii Equitio avrati, celebrata in 
 AcademiS, Oxoniensi. Mensis Martii29, 1613 ; Oxon.,1613, 
 4to. This collection of funeral verses contains contribu 
 tions by Archbishop Laud, Robert Burton, author of the 
 Anatomy of Melancholy, Isaac Casaubon, Ac. 
 
 Bodleiommena; seu Carmina et Orationes in Obitus ejus, 
 Oxon., 1613, 4to. For an account of Catalogues, &c. of 
 the Bodleian Library, see Lowndes's Bibl. Manual, and 
 Sims's Hand Book to the British Museum, Lon., 1854. 
 
 " Thomas Bodley, another Ptolemy, though no writer worth the 
 remembrance, yet hath he been the greatest promoter of learning 
 that hath yet appeared in our nation." ANTHONY WOOD. 
 
 ' View this illustrious bibliomaniac, with his gentleman-like air, 
 and expressive countenance, superintending, with the zeal of a 
 Custom-house officer, the shipping, or rather barging, of his books 
 for the grand library which is now called by his OWN NAME ! Think 
 upon his activity in writing to almost every distinguished charac 
 ter of the realm : soliciting, urging, entreating for their support 
 towards his magnificent establishment : and, moreover.superintend- 
 ing the erection of the building, as well as examining the timbers 
 with the nicety of a master-carpenter! Think of this ; and when 
 you walk under the grave and appropriately-ornamented roof, 
 which tells you that you are within the precincts of the BODLEIAN 
 LIBRARY, pay obeisance to the portrait of the founder, and hold 
 converse with his gentle spirit that dwells therein." Dibdiris 
 Bibliomania. 
 
 It is an interesting fact that two of the first scholars of 
 their respective periods, Isaac Casaubon and Philip Bliss, 
 the one in 1613 and the other about 1813, acknowledge their 
 obligations to the noble founder of the Bodleian Library :. 
 
 " As long as I remained at Oxford, I passed whole days in the 
 Library ; for books cannot be taken out, but the library is open to 
 all scholars for seven or eight hours every day. You might al 
 ways see therefore many of these, greedily enjoying the banquet 
 prepared for them, which gave me no small pleasure." Casaub 
 Epift. 899, in Hallam's Lit. of Europe. 
 
 "It is surely unnecessary to repeat the praises of such a man 
 as Sir Thomas Bodley, a man whose name will only perish with 
 that of his country. The obligations which literature owes to the 
 exertions of this individual can only be estimated by those who 
 have opportunity as well as occasion to consult the inestimable 
 treasures he bequeathed to the place of his education. And it is 
 with a mingled sensation of gratitude and pride, that the Editor 
 of these ATHENE acknowledges the assistance he receives from the 
 BODLEIAN LIBRARY, an institution which he boldly asserts to be the 
 most useful as well as the most magnificent in the universe " 
 Alhen. Oxon., Bliss's Edit. 
 
 During the two centuries which had elapsed since Isaac 
 Casaubon gratefully acknowledged that literary solace 
 which enabled him, a wanderer in a strange land, to for 
 get for a time the apostasy of his first-born and the mur 
 der of his king, how many of the sons of science thirsting 
 for knowledge had drank deep at that fountain of learn 
 ing* an d pronounced benedictions on the wise master- 
 builder of that classic temple dedicated to intellectual 
 progress THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY AT OXFORD ! 
 
 Bodrugan, Nicholas, alias Adams. Epitome of 
 toe Title that the Kynges Majestic of Englande hath to 
 the Sovereigntie of Scotland. Continued upon the ancient 
 Writers of both Nations from the beginnynge. Dedicated 
 
 B^le 8*15, ' L n " 1M6 ' 8VO 
 
 BOG 
 
 Boethius, Boece, or Boeis, Hector, b. about 
 1470, d. about 1550 ? was a native of Dundee, in the shire 
 of Angus. After a course of study at Dundee and Aber 
 deen, he continued his education at the University of Paris. 
 Elphinston, Bishop of Aberdeen, founded in that city about 
 1500, the King's College, and sent for Boethius to return 
 and take the post of principal, which call he obeyed. Upoja 
 the death of the bishop, Boethius wrote his life, and the 
 lives of his predecessors in that See. This work is enti 
 tled Vitae Episcoporum Murthlacensium et Aberdonensium, 
 Paris, 1522, 4to. The list commences with Beanus, the 
 first bishop, and ends with Gawin Dunbar, who was bishop 
 when the book was published. Boethius now undertook 
 to write, also in Latin, a history of Scotland, commencing 
 with remote antiquity, and ending with the death of James 
 I. The first edition was pub. at Paris, in 1526, 4to, under 
 the title of Scotorum Historia ab illius Gentis Origine. Of 
 this edit, there were but 17 books. The author continued 
 to enlarge and improve it until his death about 1550.(?) An 
 other edit, was pub. in Paris in 1574, folio, containing 18 
 books, and part of a 19th, added by Boethius, and a con 
 tinuation by John Ferrier, a Piedmontese, bringing down 
 the history to the reign of James III. This History was 
 trans, by order of James V., by John Ballenden, under 
 which name the reader will find an account of the version 
 referred to. So rare are copies of the original trans, that 
 the Roxburghe copy sold for 65, and the Towneley copy 
 for 85. Sir Walter Scott edited a reprint, (200 copies,) 
 Edin., 1821, 2 vols. 4to. Ballenden's translations are con 
 sidered to be the finest specimens of the old Scottish lan 
 guage extant. Boethius has been more praised and blamed 
 than most authors : 
 
 " Of all Scots historians, next to Buchanan, Boethius has been 
 the most censured and commended by the learned men who have 
 mentioned him." MACKENZIE. 
 
 " In the first six books there are a great many particulars not to 
 be found in Fordun, or any other writer now extant ; unless the 
 authors which he pretends to have seen be hereafter discovered, 
 he will continue to be shrewdly suspected for the contrivance of 
 almost as many tales as Geoffrey of Monmouth." BP. NICOLSON. 
 
 " In the 18th book he has treated of things in so comprehensive 
 a manner, that no one could have done it more fully or signifi 
 cantly on the same subject." FERRIER. 
 
 " His style has all the purity of Caesar's, and is so nervous both 
 in the reflections and diction, that he seems to have absolutely en 
 tered into the spirit of Livy, and made it his own." 
 
 " He was a man of an extraordinary happy genius, and of great 
 eloquence." ERASMUS, an intimate friend. 
 
 " He was a great master of polite learning, well skilled in di 
 vinity, philosophy, and history; but somewhat credulous, and 
 much addicted to the belief of legendary stories." 
 
 " He may be justly reverenced as one of the revivers of elegant 
 learning. The style of Boethius, though, perhaps, not always 
 rigorously pure, is formed with great diligence upon ancient mo 
 dels, and wholly uninfected with monastic barbarity. His history 
 is written with elegance and vigour, but his fabulousness and cre 
 dulity are justly blamed. His fabulousness, if he was the author 
 of fictions, is a fault for which no apology can be made; but his 
 credulity may be excused in an age when all men were credulous." 
 Dr. Johnson's Tour in Scotland, which see ; also Mackenzie's Lives ; 
 Biog. Brit.; Nicolson's Hist. Library ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Bogan, Zachary, 1625-1659, an English Puritan, 
 educated at St. Alban's Hall, and Corpus Christi College, 
 Oxford, wrote Additions to Rous's Archaeologies Atticae, 
 the 5th edit, of which was pub. Oxf., 1658, 4to; View of 
 Scriptural Threats and Punishments, Oxf., 1653, 8vo; 
 Meditations, <fec., 1653, 8voj Help to Prayer, 1650, 12mo; 
 and a work pub. 1658, 8vo, drawing comparisons between 
 the writings of Homer and the Holy Scriptures. 
 
 " The design of this learned, and now rare, philological work, 
 is to point out the similarity of many forms of expression in Homer 
 to those which occur in Scripture." ORME. 
 
 " The author states that it is not his intention to institute any 
 comparison between the sacred writers and their opinions and 
 Homer, but simply between their idioms and ways of speaking." 
 T. H. HORNE. 
 
 Bogan added Hesiodius, Ac., to show how Hesiod ex 
 presses himself very nearly in the same manner as Homer. 
 
 Bogart, Alexander H., 1804-1826, an American 
 poet, died before he had contributed any thing of conse 
 quence to the literature of the country. 
 
 Bogart, Elizabeth, a native and resident of New 
 York, is a daughter of the Rev. David S. Bogart of that 
 city. Under the signature of ESTELLB, Miss Bogart has 
 contributed many articles to The New York Mirror and 
 other periodicals. Four of her prose tales have been ho 
 noured by prizes. Few pieces of American poetry deserve 
 higher commendation than the pathetic lines, " He comes 
 too late," <fec. 
 
 Bogg, Edward. Geology of Lincolnshire Wolds, 
 Trans. Geol. Soc., 1816. 
 
 Bogue, David, 1750-1825, a Dissenting minister, edu 
 cated at the University of Edinburgh, was pastor of an 
 
BOH 
 
 BOK 
 
 of the 
 
 im9imt*ti K yoang men 
 
 to the 
 of th*N 
 
 into French. 
 
 several edits^ and 
 
 Christfaai*r,aadaan iafatMtaetto toth* Sew 
 The ii iiMamrti lint, tt 
 reasoning caeetadioiiiia< Jay.* Qams. 
 
 A Catechism trans, from the French, Lon^ 187, 
 ASenBon,Hendon,1808. History of the Disaeaten, from 
 the Berolntkm in 1689 to the yew 1808; in conjunction 
 with Mr. Bennett; 1809, 3 vols. 8vo; in 4 rets. 8vo, 1812. 
 This work was intended to form a continuation of Meal's 
 History of the 
 
 Discourses on the Millennium,! vols^ 181 ^-16. 
 These dlmm af not K*giHical or 
 
 number of work*, 1683-94: we notice a tern. 
 of Sir Robert Fflmer, Lon^ 1684, The History of th* 
 ILJ1689,8vo. The Jnstiee of Peace's 
 
 of Beading History, 1698, 8vo, and s<e other wo 
 
 Mr. 8. Wilton Biz promises us a volne, to be 
 
 The Diary and Autobiography of Tiaanil Bln 
 
 from a M^. in * MMflrfM fti !** E .hun. : 
 
 A work fcr which 
 wffl be the better, and 
 
 ~ 
 
 The Wind, Hurricanes, Ae^ Oil, 16n,8ro 
 Bohan, William, of the Middle Temple. Privflegia 
 Londini, or the Bights, Liberties, Privileges, Laws, and 
 Oartomi of the CJty*lm*m, TIM,, 1*92, tro; 3d edit, 
 with additions, 1723, 8vo. Cnrsus CaneeUaria?, Ac., 1715, 
 8vo. Mr. B. pub. other legal treatises, Ac., 1702-33. 
 
 Boilean, D. An Bssay on the Study of Statistics, 
 containing a SyUabus for Lectures,!^ 1807, 12i>. Let 
 ters, Ac. from the French, 1809, 2 vols. 12mo. Introduc 
 tion to the Study of Political (Economy, or An Elementary 
 Yiew of the manner in which the Wealth of Nations is 
 distributed, and consumed, 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Bohn, Henry G., an enterprising London publisher 
 and bibliopole, of German parentage, was b. in London, 
 about the yew 1800, and is favourably known as the editor 
 of Bibliotheca Parriana and the translator of some pieces 
 from the German. Mr. Lynes thus handsomely acknow 
 ledge.? Mr.B.'a intelligent labours in the fornicr caj-.acitv: 
 
 "This Preftee must not be concluded, without a distinct ae- 
 kiiowledgment of the obligations incurred to Mr. Bohn. jun^ fcr 
 the great labour which he has bestowed in compiling this work, 
 as well as for the judgment and knowledge which he has shewn 
 fa correcting error, occasioned by the indistinct handwriting of 
 Da. PAM, or the blunders of his various ------ * r -*~ 
 
 into the various Systems of Political (Economy; 
 their advantages and disadvantages ; and the Theory most 
 favourable to the Increase of National Wealth ; trans, from 
 the French of Ganflch, 1812, 8vo. Boileau edited the Me- 
 moirs, Ac. of the Baron de Grimm et Diderot,1813, 4vols.8vo. 
 
 Bois, Latin, Boisins. See BOYS, JOHX. 
 
 Boise, James R. Exercises in Greek Prose Compo 
 sition, adapted to the First Book of Xenophon's Anabasis 
 New York, 12mo. 
 
 "We regard it as 1 1 illi liHa lilinlliail nf fifcliilir. tin I it pre 
 supposes both the diligent scholar and the mJmdaUng teacher *- 
 Christian Register. 
 
 D*. PAKE, or . _. 
 
 Line*, Rectory, Etmley Lotett, 2W May, 1827; Preface to Btbto- 
 fheca Parrieuta, 
 
 Mr. B. translated vol. iv. of Sehfller's Works, (Bonn's 
 Library,) containing The Bobbers, Ac.; also, A Polyglott 
 of Foreign Proverbs : comprising French, Italian, German, 
 Dutch. Spanish, Portuguese, and Danish. CompDed Hand- 
 Book of Games. Ed. Addison's Works, 6 vols. ; Lowndes's 
 Bibliographer's Manual, enlarged with revisions and cor 
 rections, in 8 Pts., forming 4 vols., 1857-58, Ac. Mr. B. 
 observes, 
 
 Til ii Illllilli mttm ai VOim hi i n moreasaboon to his confreres 
 and to literary men than as an object of mercantile profit; and be 
 trusts it will be receired as such." 
 
 But Mr. Bonn's MACKUH OPUS is his "monster" Guinea 
 Catalogue, Lon., 1841, enormously thick wmdescripto, Teu 
 tonic shape, 7*146 model ! But the London Literary Ga 
 zette gave so graphic a description of this plethoric tome 
 on its first appearance, that we can do no better than quote 
 it in lieu of any sketch of our own : 
 
 " Mr. Bohn has outdone all former doings in the same line, and 
 given us a literary curiosity of remarkable character. The volume 
 b the squattest and the Attest we ever saw. It is an 
 ' x>ks, and not a ' 
 is richly stuffed 
 
 among books, and not a very tall one; and then, alderman-like, 
 its inside is richly stuffed with a multitude of good things. Why, 
 there is a list of more than 23,000 articles, and the pages reach to 
 
 104-: 
 
 This catalogue has cost him an outlay of upwards of 
 * iHiTililM,g MJliasr, a stock which could hardly 
 be valued at much less than a plum." 
 
 The same excellent periodical describes another book 
 seller's catalogue under notice as " a shrimp, compared with 
 Mr. Bonn's big fish." 
 
 Having long made Bibliography our special study, we 
 may be allowed to express the opinion that the Guinea Cata 
 logue is an invaluable lexicon to any literary man, and ten 
 guineas would be a cheap price for a work calculated to save 
 time by its convenience for reference, and money by its 
 stores of information as to the literary and pecuniary value 
 of coveted tomes. As an eminent benefactor to the reading 
 public, by the republication in a cheap form of costly and 
 valuable works, as the projector of the Standard Library, 
 130 vols., Scientific Lib., Illustrated Lib., Lib. of French 
 Memoirs, Lib. of Extra Volumes, Classical Lib., (consisting 
 of translations of the Greek and Latin Classics,) Antiqua 
 rian Lib., Philologico-Philosophical Lib., Historical Lib., 
 Library of British Classics, Ecclesiastical Lib., Miniature 
 Lib., and Cheap Series, numbering in all upwards of five 
 hundred volumes, Mr. Bohn does not need our praise, but 
 he cannot refuse our gratitude. 
 
 Bohnn, Edmund, d. about 1702? admitted Fellow- 
 commoner of Queen's College, Cambridge, in 1663, sub 
 sequently served as a Justice of the Peace. He pub. a 
 214 
 
 Boker, George H., b. 1824, is a native of Philadel 
 phia, the son of Charles S. Boker, Esq., President of the 
 Girard Bank of that city. At nineteen years of age, Mr. 
 Boker graduated B.A. at Nassau Hall, Princeton College, 
 New Jersey. After travelling for some time in England 
 and on the Continent, Mr. B. returned to Philadelphia, 
 where he now resides. He first appeared as an author in 
 1847, when he pub. The Lesson of Life, and other Poems. 
 " In this were indications of a manly temper and a cultivated 
 mind, but H had the customary faults of youthful compositions 
 to occasional feebleness of epithet, indistinctness, diffusiveness, 
 and a certain kind of romanticism, that betrays a want of experi 
 ence of the world." R. W. GRISWOLD : Podt and Fbctry of America. 
 "It contains many pleasing passages, yet frequently shows a 
 want of care and finish in the execution. A pure and elevated 
 tone of sentiment pervades it throughout, and it embodies enough 
 of poetic ttnacht were the poem compressed to half its present 
 
 i length, to make it a production of a high order of merit " Lite 
 rary World, ii. 566. 
 
 Mr. Boker now turned his attention to the drama, and 
 
 1 in 1848 produced Calaynos, a Tragedy, which was played 
 with great success both in America and England. 
 
 " It is a clear and classic piece of composition, reminding one, by 
 its elevated purity of tone, of Talfonrd's Ion, though it is marked 
 by much greater dramatic spirit and power than that didactic 
 drama. . . . Calaynos, without any adventitious recommendation, 
 unheralded by a popular name, and unaided by a popular theme, 
 was eminently successful, not only in this country, but in Eng 
 land, and immediately placed its author in the front rank of liv 
 ing dramatists." ROBEBT T. CojniAD. 
 
 Mr. Boker's next production was Anne Boleyn, a Tra 
 gedy, [1850,] 
 
 "Which in many respects surpasses Calaynos, evincing more 
 skill in the use of language, more force in the display of passion, 
 and a finer vein of poetical feeling, with the same admirable con 
 trast of character, and unity and directness of conduct." R. W. 
 GRISWOLD. 
 
 To this succeeded The Betrothal ; Leonor de Guzman, a 
 Tragedy; and Francesca da Rimini. The limited space to 
 
 i which we are confined prevents any examination into the 
 
 | merits of these compositions. Plays and Poems, Bost, 
 
 ! 1856, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 S " The glow of his images is chastened by a noble simplicity. 
 
 1 keeping them within the line of human sympathy and natural 
 
 : expression. He has followed the masters of dramatic writing with 
 rare judgment. He also excels many gifted poets of his class in a 
 quality essential to an acted play spirit. To the tragic ability he 
 unites aptitude for the easy, colloquial, and jocose dialogue, such 
 as must intervene in the genuine Shaksperian drama, to give re 
 lief and additional effect to high emotion. His language, also, 
 rises often to the highest point of energy, pathos, and beauty." 
 
 1 H. T. TCCKIKMAW: Characteristics of Literature, 2d Series. 
 
 ! " The age has not produced a poem more graceful than The Po- 
 desta's Daughter, nor scarcely one so distinguished for its simple 
 and genuine, but deep and thrilling, pathos. The reader who can 
 
 . forbear to drop upon the page the tribute of a tear to the gentle Giulia, 
 
BOL 
 
 Sweeter frr 
 
 Than rose or lily, violet or Tine. 
 Though they could gather all their charms in one,' 
 would weep for nothing. Can th* literature of our land boast any 
 thine more purely original, more luxuriantly imaginative, than ; 
 The hnry Qxnxr? His Sniff of tite Jftwik, also, is bold, animated, 
 and displays wonderful power : and / fern a Oottoffe is not sur 
 passed, as a specimen of descriptive sweetness and beauty, in our own 
 or in any language." R. T. COXRAD : Graham't Mag., March, 1854. ! 
 Bolafley, H.V. First SteptoHebrew,Lon.,1811,12mo. 
 Bolaine, N. Remarks on Inoculation. 1754, Svo. 
 Bold, Henry, of New College, Oxford. Wit a Sport 
 ing, Ac., Lon., 1662, Svo. Poems, 1664, Svo. Latine 
 Songs with their English. <tc., 1685, Svo. 
 
 lie was excellent at translating the most difficult and crabbed 
 English into Latin verse." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Bold, John, 1679-1757, a native of Leicester, was 
 matriculated at St John's College, Cambridge, and, enter 
 ing into holy orders, took the curacy of Stony Staunton, , 
 Leicestershire, where he zealously laboured on a small pit- j 
 tance for about fifty years. He wrote 1. The Sin and 
 Danger of Neglecting the Public Service of the Church, 
 1 745. Svo. 2. Religion the most Delightful Employment 
 3. The Duty of Worthy Communicating. 
 
 " He had talents that might have rendered him conspicuous 
 anywhere, and an impressive and correct delivery. . . . He ap 
 pears from the early age of 24 years to have formed his plan of 
 making himself a living sacrifice for the benefit of his flock." 
 
 Bold, or Bolde, Samuel, of Steeple, and Vicar of | 
 Shapwicke, Dorsetshire, pub. a number of theological \ 
 treatises, 1687-1736. A second Examination of Dr. Com- ; 
 bet's Scholastical History of Liturgies, Lon., 1691, 4to. j 
 Observations and Tracts of Defence of Locke's Essay, <tc., I 
 and Reasonableness of Christianity, 1693, 12mo; 1706, 
 Svo. An Helpe in Devotion, 1736, Svo. 
 
 Bolde, Thomas. Rhetoric Restrained, or Bp. Gau- 
 
 den on the Liturgy considered and clouded, 1660, 4to. 
 
 Boles, Katherine. On Ruptures, Lon., 1726, Svo. 
 
 Bolien. Protestants on the safe side, Lon., 1687, 4to. 
 
 Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, Viscount, 1678- 
 
 1751, was the only son of Sir Henry St. John, of Lydiard 
 
 Tregoze, in Wiltshire, Baronet, by Mary, second daughter, 
 
 and coheiress of Robert Rich, third Earl of Warwick, of 
 
 that family. Henry was born at Battersea, in Surrey, 
 
 October 1, 1678, though 1672 has often been erroneously 
 
 assigned as the date of his birth. He was brought up 
 
 under the eye of his grandmother, a Presbyterian, who 
 
 placed him under the tutorship of the celebrated Puritan 
 
 preacher, Daniel Burgess, who resided in the family. 
 
 Bolingbroke tells Pope, long afterwards, at the end of the 
 
 epistle to Sir W. Wyndham, that he was obliged, while yet 
 
 a boy, to read over the commentaries of Dr. Manton, whose 
 
 " Pride it was to have made an hundred and nineteen sermons 
 
 on the hundred and nineteenth Psalm." 
 
 At Eton he became acquainted with Sir Robert Walpole, 
 and a rivalship here commenced which continued through 
 life. He removed from Eton to Christ Church, Oxford, 
 where, as subsequently, he was distinguished for his 
 talents, brilliancy of conversation, fascinating manners, 
 and remarkable personal beauty. He left college only to 
 continue a course of the wildest profligacy, which caused 
 his parents, with the hope of his reformation, to bring 
 about a match between the dissolute youth and the 
 daughter and coheiress of Sir Henry Winchescomb. This 
 experiment, to reform a rake by the sacrifice of an inno 
 cent female, ended as such ventures generally do. In a 
 short time they separated, and were never again united. 
 During his exile she died in England, and in 1720 Boling 
 broke espoused the widowed Marchioness de Villette, a 
 niece of Madame Maintenon. They lived together for 
 thirty years, and he survived her only about a year. In 
 1700 he was chosen to represent the borough of Wootton 
 Basset in Parliament. In 1704 he became Secretary of 
 War, and held this post for three years, resigning in 1707, 
 when Harley was dismissed from office. In 1710, upon 
 the fall of the Godolphin administration, Harley came 
 into power, and St. John became Secretary of State. In 
 1712 he was created Viscount Bolingbroke, and exhibited 
 great chagrin at not being raised to an earldom. His 
 father's congratulation on his new honours was something 
 of the oddest : 
 
 " Ah, Harry," said he, " I ever said you would be hanged ; but 
 now I find you will be beheaded!" 
 
 The accession of George I. interposed an effectual bar 
 rier to the ambition of the courtier. Addison was made 
 foreign secretary, and the Whigs determined to impeach 
 Bolingbroke of high treason. Satisfied that his life was 
 aimed at by his enemies, he fled in disguise, March 25, 
 1715, to Calais. By invitation of Charles Stuart, he visited 
 him at Lorraine, and accepted the post of his Secretary 
 
 BOL 
 
 of State, which caused his impeachment and attainder. 
 In 1723 he was permitted to return home, and his estates 
 were restored to him, but the House of Lords was still 
 closed against him. He now. in conjunction with Wynd 
 ham and Pulteney, who were in Parliament, commenced a 
 fierce war against Sir Robert Walpole, which lasted for ten 
 years. The Craftsman, by Caleb D'Anvers, was the vehicle 
 of their vigorous and bitter attacks. Such was the popu 
 larity of this paper, which commenced Dec. 5, 1725, and 
 extended to 14 vols. 12mo, that 10,000 to 12,000 copies were 
 sometimes sold in one day. In 1736 he again visited 
 France, where he resided until the death of his father, in 
 1742, when he retired to the family seat at Battersea for 
 the rest of his earthly existence, which was terminated by 
 a cancer in the face in 1751. 
 
 The notorious David Mallet was his lordship's literary 
 legatee, and in 1754 he pub. an edition of his works in 5 
 vols. 4to. To these 2 vols. 4to, of Correspondence, State 
 Papers, Ac., were added by G. Parke, in 1798. In some 
 of the Essays in the collected edition appeared those skep 
 tical opinions which had been less boldly advanced in his 
 lifetime. During his life there appeared a Letter to Swift, 
 1715, foL; the Representation, 1715, 4to; His Case, 1715, 
 Svo; Dissertations upon Parties, 1735, 4to ; these Disser 
 tations, together with the Letters in the Study and Use of 
 History, first appeared in the Craftsman ; Remarks on the 
 History of England, 1743, Svo; Letters on the Spirit of 
 Patriotism ; on the Idea of a Patriot King, and on the 
 State of Parties at the Accession of George I., 1749, Svo. 
 The Idea of a Patriot King had been intrusted to Pope, 
 who had printed and circulated many more copies than 
 the author intended. His story is well known, and need 
 not now be repeated. Mallet was employed to edit the 
 edition pub. 1749, and the Advertisement, severely reflect 
 ing upon Pope, has brought down much censure on his 
 lordship's memory. But a far graver offence rests upon 
 : the name of Bolingbroke his impious attacks upon Reve 
 lation. Johnson's opinion of the author of these " wild 
 and pernicious ravings under the name of philosophy" ia 
 I well known : 
 
 " Sir, he was a scoundrel, and a coward : a scoundrel for charg 
 ing a blunderbuss against religion and morality; a coward be 
 cause he had not resolution to fire it off himself, but left half-a- 
 j crown to a beggarly Scotchman, to draw the trigger after his death.'' 
 No doubt Mr. David Mallet considered the post of can 
 noneer sufficient honour to counterbalance the condemna 
 tion which his editorial duties encountered. Dr. Johnson 
 would not honour either author or editor by perusal ; for 
 when Mr. Burney asked him if he had seen Warburton's 
 book against Bolingbroke's Philosophy, he answered in 
 his characteristic manner : 
 
 " No, sir, I have never read Bolingbroke's Impiety, and, there 
 fore, am not Interested about its confutation." 
 
 The name of Warburton naturally suggests the inge 
 nious artifice of Burke in his imitation of Lord Boling 
 broke in the Vindication of Natural Society. Both War- 
 burton and Lord Chesterfield were among the believers in 
 the authenticity of this eloquent forgery. Among the 
 great men of his time Bolingbroke stood proudly pre-emi 
 nent. Swift, slow to find or acknowledge merit in any 
 man, considered himself exalted in lauding St. John, and 
 Pope hardly stops short of paying him divine honours. 
 Witness the idolatrous enthusiasm of the following : 
 
 " I really think there is something in that great man which 
 looks as if he was placed here by mistake. When the comet ap 
 peared to us a month or two ago, I had sometimes an imagination 
 that it might possibly be come to our world to carry him home ; 
 as a coach comes to one's door for other visitors." Spence's Anec. 
 That Bolingbroke was sufficiently mortal to reciprocate 
 human affection we have undoubted evidence. He watched 
 j over the form of the dying bard, and watered his pillow 
 j with his tears. On one of these affecting occasions, 
 j Spence tells us, he cried " over him for a considerable 
 time with more concern than can be expressed. ' groat 
 j God ! what is man ?' said Lord B., looking on Mr. Pope, and 
 repeating it several times, interrupted with sobs. ' I have 
 known him these thirty years ; and value myself more for 
 that man's love, than' [sinking his head, and losing his 
 voice in tears.]" Yet fain would this friend have excluded 
 from the dying pillow of the man he so loved, the last con 
 solations which can minister to the soul of the departing : 
 " The priest had scarce departed when Bolingbroke, coming over 
 from Battersea, flew into a great fit of passion and indignation on 
 the occasion of his being called in." WARTON. 
 
 But when the day of darkness fell on the proud philoso 
 pher, the sophistry to which he trusted proved indeed a 
 broken reed ! 
 
 " He was overcome with terrors and excessive passion in his last 
 illness. After one of his fits of passion, he was overheard by Sir 
 Henry Mildmay complaining to himself, and saying, 'What will 
 
 215 
 
BOL 
 
 BOL 
 
 my poor soul undergo for all these things?' "Dr. W., in Spence's 
 Anecdotes. 
 
 Alas, indeed, for the desolate soul which in that trying 
 hour must pass through the valley of the shadow of death, 
 without the rod and the staff of the Shepherd, the strength 
 of the Comforter, and the fatherly benediction of the great 
 Judge of all the earth ! " Enter not thou, my soul, into 
 their secret;" unto their assembly "be not thou united!" 
 What a contrast does the "inevitable hour" of Bolingbroke 
 and that of Addison present to our consideration ! 
 
 Pope had no hesitation in declaring the object of his 
 admiration to be the first writer, as well as the greatest 
 man, of his age. Many interesting records of his enthu 
 siasm will be found in Spence's Anecdotes. Posterity has 
 not endorsed the verdict of his contemporaries. In his 
 Letters on the Study and Use of History, and those on Pa 
 triotism and Idea of a Patriot King, and his other works, 
 we are charmed by grace of composition of no ordinary 
 character ; but when we seek for evidence of solid judgment, 
 and the results of dispassionate ratiocination, we shall find 
 our labour is vain. To quote from the most masterly 
 analysis with which we are acquainted of the political and 
 literary character of Saint-John, 
 
 " Bolingbroke's abilities were exactly of that stamp which astonish 
 and fascinate those who come into personal contact with their pos 
 sessor, more brilliant than solid, more showy than substantial. 
 His mind was not a profound one ; but what it wanted in this re 
 spect was atoned for by its readiness and acuteness. He seemed 
 to grasp every thing by intuition, and no sooner had he made him 
 self master of a proposition or an argument, than his astonishing 
 memory enabled him to bring forth vast stores of information and 
 illustration at a moment's warning. Endowed with a brilliant 
 imagination, a prodigious flow of words, a style which fascinates 
 the reader by the incomparable beauty of the language and the 
 bounding elasticity of the sentences, and an extraordinary power 
 of presenting his conceptions in the clearest light, his contempo 
 raries looked upon him as one of those rare beings who seem to be 
 endowed with a nature superior to that of common mortality, and 
 who stoop down to the world only to evince their mastery of all 
 its lore, and their superiority to its inhabitants. But, dazzled as 
 they were by the vast surface of the stream, they forgot to inquire 
 into its depth. We, in modern times, who know nothing of the 
 artificial splendour with which a ' form excelling human,' a man 
 ner that seemed given to sway mankind, and a most dazzling 
 style of conversation, invested the name of Bolingbroke, are per 
 haps inclined, by the exaggeration of the praise once lavished on 
 him, to do him but scanty justice." Cunningham's Biog. History. 
 
 Pope himself admitted that there might be a limit even 
 to the genius of his " Saint-John," when he remarked 
 
 " If ever Bolingbroke trifles, it must be when he turns divine." 
 
 Mr. Warton confirms this opinion : 
 
 " When Tully attempted poetry, he became as ridiculous as Bo 
 lingbroke when he attempted philosophy and divinity; we look in 
 yaia for that genius which produced the Dissertation on Parties, 
 in the tedious philosophical works, of which it is no exaggerated 
 satire to say that the reason of them is sophistical and inconclu 
 sive, the style diffuse and verbose, and the learning seemingly con 
 tained in them not drawn from the originals, but picked up and 
 purloined from French critics and translations." Warton' s Life 
 of Pope. 
 
 Upon the general merits of Bolingbroke as an author, 
 Dr. Blair has some very judicious remarks : 
 
 " Among English writers the one who has most of this character 
 [vehemence] though mixed indeed, with several defects, is Lord 
 Bolingbroke. Bolingbroke was formed by nature to be a factious 
 leader ; the demagogue of a popular assembly. Accordingly the 
 style that runs through all his political writings is that of one 
 declaiming with heat, rather than writing with deliberation. He 
 abounds in Rhetorical Figures ; and pours himself forth with great 
 impetuosity. He is copious to a fault ; places the same thought 
 before us in many different views, but generally with life and ar 
 dour. He is bold, rather than correct ; a torrent that flows strong, 
 but often madly. His sentences are varied as to length and short 
 ness; inclining, however, most to long periods, sometimes includ 
 ing parentheses, and frequently crowding and heaping a multitude 
 of things upon one another, as naturally happens in the warmth 
 of speaking. In the choice of his words, there is great felicity and 
 precision. In exact construction of sentences, he is nmch inferior 
 to Lord Shaftesbury, but greatly superior to him in life and ease. 
 Upon the whole, his merit as a writer would have been very con 
 siderable, if his matter had equalled his style. But whilst we find 
 many things to commend in the latter, in the former, as I before 
 remarked, we can hardly find any thing to commend. In his rea 
 sonings, for the most part, he is flimsy and false; in his political 
 writings, factious ; in what he calls his philosophical ones, irreligious 
 and sophistical in tne.li'KK 8 * degree. ... It is indeed my opinion 
 
 . . ... eed my opi 
 
 that there are tew writings in the English language, which, for the 
 matter contained in them, can be read with less profit or fruit, 
 than Lord Bolingbroke's works." Blair's Lectures on Rhetoric and 
 BeUes Lettrcs; see Lectures 12, 15, 19, and 34 
 
 He appears to have carried into his closet the same heat and 
 impetuosity which animated his soul in the tumult of debate 
 There is a fire, a spirit of vivacity in the composition of Boiin'ff- 
 broke, which, when accompanied, as is occasionally the case with 
 perspicuity and ease, must give him rank as one of the happiest 
 models of the vehement style." Drake't Essays, iv. 234. 
 
 " Viscount Bolingbroke, with the most agreeable talents in the 
 world, and with great parts, was neither happy nor successful. 
 He wrote against the late king, who had forgiven him ; against Sir 
 Robert Walpole, who did forgive him ; against the Pretender and 
 
 the clergy, who never forgave him. He is one of our best writers; 
 though his attacks on all governments and all religions (neither 
 of which views he cared directly to own) have necessarily involved 
 his style in a want of perspicuity. One must know the man be 
 fore one can often guess his meaning. He has two other faults, 
 which one should not expect in the same author ; much tautology 
 and great want of connexion." Walpole's K. and .ZV. Authors. 
 
 " He wrote against Sir Robert Walpole because he did not forgive 
 him ; and because he prevented his being restored to those honourr 
 which he wished to recover. That Sir Kobert was implacable 
 against him, appears from a speech which he made in the House, 
 and which he concluded with the following imprecation 'May 
 his attainder never be reversed, and may his crimes never be forgot 
 ten !' "Monthly Rev., xxix. 367 ; Park's Walpole 's R. and N. AuUiors. 
 
 "Lord Bolingbroke had early made himself master of men and 
 books : but in his first career of life, being immersed at once in 
 business and pleasure, he ran through a variety of scenes in a sur 
 prising manner. When his passions subsided by years and disap 
 pointments, and when he improved his rational faculties by more 
 grave studies and reflection, he shone out in his retirement with 
 a lustre peculiar to himself, though not seen by vulgar eyes. The 
 gay statesman was changed into a philosopher equal to any of the 
 sages of antiquity. The wisdom of Socrates, the dignity and ease 
 of Pliny, and the wit of Horace, appeared in all his writings and 
 conversations." EARL OF ORRERY : Memoirs of Dean Swift. 
 
 " The name of Bolingbroke has been rapturously lauded by Smol 
 lett and Belsham, while his infidel reveries have been ably refuted 
 by Warburton and Leland. Lord Walpole, who knew him well, 
 calls him a wicked impostor and a charlatan." Park's Walpole's 
 R. and N. Authors. 
 
 See Life by Goldsmith in edit. 1809; Biog. Brit. ; Swift's 
 Works; Pope's Works, by Bowles; Coxe's Walpole; Ly- 
 sons's Environs, vol. i. ; Chesterfield's Memoirs and Letters ; 
 Warburton's Letters to Kurd; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; 
 Memoirs of Lord B., by G. W. Cooke, Lon., 1835, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Warburton, who defended the memory of Pope against 
 the attacks of Mallet, (Bolingbroke?) felt it incumbent 
 upon him as a divine to take up the lance in championship 
 of those sacred truths which his lordship's Essays so ruth 
 lessly assailed. His View of Lord Bolingbroke's Philoso 
 phy, in two Letters to a Friend, 1754, '55, would have been 
 ill brooked by the noble author had it appeared in his 
 lifetime. The many absurdities into which his lordship's 
 eagerness to attack the truth caused him to fall, will be 
 seen by reference to a book which should be in every theo 
 logical library Leland's View of Deistical Writers. With 
 talents so well qualified to benefit his race, it is a melan 
 choly reflection that the gifted Bolingbroke lived a worse 
 than useless life, and that of him it could not be said, 
 " There was hope in his latter end !" 
 
 Bolingbroke, Henry. A Voyage to the Demerary, 
 Lon., 1807, 4to. 
 
 " The book of a very ingenious man." Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 Bollan, William, d. 1776, agent of Massachusetts 
 in Great Britain, was born in England. He pub. a num 
 ber of political tracts, among which were, Importance of 
 Cape Breton truly illustrated, Lon., 1746. Colonise Angli- 
 canse Illustratse, 1762. A Petition to the Houses of Parlia 
 ment, Ac., as agent for Massachusetts, 1774. See Allen's 
 Amer. Biog. Diet. 
 
 Holland, William, Barrister at Law. Miracles,1798, 
 4to. The Epiphany, 1799, 4to. St. Paul at Athens,1799,4to. 
 
 Bollard, Richard. Observations, <fcc. in Churchill's 
 Voyages, vol. iv., p. 846, 1716. 
 
 Bolnest,Edward,M.D. Profess.works,Lon.,1665-72. 
 
 Bolron, R. Treatise against Papists, Lon., 1680, fol. 
 
 Bolton, Cornelius Winter, b. 1819 at Bath, Bug. 
 Grandson of the distinguished divine, the Rev. Wm. Jay. 
 Closet Companion, 1853. Shepherd's Call. Sunday-School 
 Prayer Book. Tender Grass for Little Lambs, 1854. Ed. 
 Jay's Female Scripture Characters. Jay's Autobiography 
 and Reminiscences, 1854. 
 
 Bolton, or Boulton, Edmund, an historical and 
 antiquarian writer of the 17th century. Life of Henry 
 II.; The Elements of Armories, Lon., 1610, 4to. 
 
 " Written in a very pedantic style ; but many curious examples 
 are brought forward, and illustrated by wood-cuts spiritedly exe 
 cuted." 
 
 Nero Caesar, or Monarchic Depraued, Lon., 1624, fol. 
 Hypercritica, or a Rule of Judgment for writing or read 
 ing our Histories, pub. by Dr. Hall at the end of Trivet's 
 Annals, Oxon., 1722, 8vo. 
 
 " A highly-esteemed and sensible treatise." 
 
 " A considerable person, and a very learned man." DR. ANTHONY 
 HALL. 
 
 Bolton, George. A work on Fire Arms. 
 
 Bolton, George. Prac. of Crim. Courts, 1835, 12mo. 
 
 Bolton, James. Filices Britannicss, Leeds <fc Hud., 
 1785-90, 4to. A Hist, of British proper Ferns, <fec., 1795, 
 8vo. Fungusses about Halifax, Lon., 1788-91, 4 vols. 4to. 
 Plants of Halifax : in Watson's Hist. Parish of Halifax, 
 Lon., 1775, 4to. Natural History of British Song Birds, 
 Lon., 1794-96, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
BOL 
 
 Uolton, John. Life of Chris.Cartwright,Lon.,1610,4to. 
 
 Bolton, Sir Richard. Statutes of Ireland, Dubl., 
 ] 621, fol. Justice of Peace for Ireland, Dubl., 1683, fol. 
 New edit, enlarged and corrected by Michael Trovers, 
 1750, 4to. 
 
 Bolton, Robert, 1572-1631, an eminent Puritan di 
 vine and excellent scholar, was educated at the colleges of 
 Lincoln and Brasenose, Oxford. A Discourse on Happi 
 ness, Lon., 1611, 4to; six edits, in the author's lifetime. 
 Instructions relative to afflicted consciences, 1631, 4to. 
 Helpes to Humiliation, Oxf., 1631, 8vo. Of the Four Last 
 Things, Death, Judgment, Heaven, and Hell, Lon., 1633, 
 4to. Devout Prayers, 1638, 8vo. 
 
 " He was a painful and a constant preacher, a person of great 
 zeal towards God in his profession, charitable and bountiful, but 
 above all. a reliever of afflicted consciences, which he acquired by 
 that manifold experience which he had in himself and others; and 
 grew so famous for it, that he was sought to far and near, and di 
 vers beyond the seas desired his resolution in several cases of con 
 science." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 " He is excellent both for conviction and consolation. His style 
 is rather inclined to the bombast, yet many expressions are truly 
 great and magnificent." DR. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 " The excellent Robert Bolton could to his comfort on his death 
 bed profess that he never in his sermons taught any thing but 
 what he had first sought to work on his own heart. An awaken 
 ing and comforting writer." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 " His Four Last Things displays great beauties of imagination." 
 DR. WILLIAMS. 
 
 Bolton, Robert, 1697-1763, Dean of Carlisle, was 
 educated at Wadham College, Oxford. He pub. some let 
 ters to a lady and to an officer against card-playing and 
 travelling on the Lord's Day, 1748-57, 8vo. The Employ 
 ment of Time, 1750, 8vo. The Ghost of Ernest, 1757, 8vo. 
 Letters and Tracts on the Choice of Company,<fcc.,1761,Svo. 
 
 " Each of the above performances contains good sense, learning, 
 philanthropy, and religion, and each of them is calculated for 
 the advantage of society." 
 
 Bolton, Samuel, 1606-1654, a Puritan divine, was 
 educated at Cambridge. True Bounds of Christian Free 
 dom, Lon., 1643, 12mo. 
 
 " A most excellent work, containing much doctrinal and experi 
 mental truth." LOWNDES. 
 
 A Guard of the Tree of Life, Lon., 1647, 12mo. The 
 Arraignment of Error, 1646, 4to ; other works. 
 
 Bolton, Sarah T., a native and resident of Ohio, 
 has contributed to the Home Journal in New York, The 
 Herald of Truth in Cincinnati, and to other periodicals. 
 Her poetical tribute to Professor Morse is creditable alike 
 to the poetess and her subject. 
 
 " Thought and feeling stamp her verses with the mark of sin 
 cerity and earnestness." Woman's Record. 
 
 Bolton, Solomon. Extinct Peerage of England, 
 from the Conquest to 1769, Lon., 1769, 8vo. This is a work 
 of considerable value. Geographia Antiqua delineata, 
 1775, 4to. 
 
 BoIton,Theoph.,Archbp. of Cashel. Serm.,1721,8vo. 
 
 Bolton, William. Sermons, 1683, 4to, etc. 
 
 Bolts, William. Consid. on Indian Affairs ; parts 
 1 and 2; 3 vols. 4to, Lon., 1772-75. 
 
 Bompass, C. C. Light, Heat, & Electricity. 18l7,8vo. 
 
 Bonar, Andrew A. A Commentary on Leviticus, 
 expos, and prac., with crit. notes, 2d ed. Lon., 1847, 12m<j. 
 
 Bonar, Archibald. Sermons, 2 vols., 1815-17, 8vo. 
 
 Bonar, Horatius. Coming of the Kingdom of the 
 Lord Jesus, Lon., 1849, 8vo. Night of "Weeping, 18mo. 
 Morning of Joy, 18mo. Other works. Introduc. and Notes 
 to Brief Thoughts concerning the Gospel. 
 
 "The value of the work consists in the clear and scriptural light 
 which it throws on the Gospel plan of salvation." Scottish Guardian. 
 
 " God has signally blessed it both for the guidance of the in 
 quiring sinner and for the comfort of the troubled mind." North- 
 trn Warder. 
 
 Bonar,James. Greek Prepositions. Ed.Phil.Trans., 
 1805. 
 
 Bonar, John. Obs. on the Conduct and Character 
 of Judas Iscariot, 1751, 8vo, (anony.) 
 
 " This anonymous pamphlet displays very considerable acute- 
 ness, and is not unworthy to be placed by the side of Lord Lyttle- 
 ton on the Conversion of St. Paul, and Shaw on the Advice of Ga 
 maliel." ORME. 
 
 An Analysis of the Moral and Religious Sentiments of 
 Lord Kames and David Hume, 1755, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Bonar was a pious and superior man." 
 
 Bonar, John. Eccles. Constit. in Scotland, 1779,12mo. 
 
 Bonar, or Bonnar, John. Advantages of the In 
 sular sit. of G. Britain : a serm. on Neh. iii. 8, 1773, 4to. 
 
 Bond, A. Life of Pliny Fis*, 1828, 12mo. 
 
 " A very profitable missionary work." BICKERSTETH 
 
 Bond, Daniel, vicar of Lye, Gloucestershire. Ser 
 mons, 1729, 8vo. 
 
 Bond, Eliz., of Fortrose. Letters of a Village Go 
 verness, 2 vols. 8vo, 1814. 
 
 BON 
 
 Bond, George Phillips, A.M., son of Wm. Cranch 
 Bond, b. 1825, Dorchester, Mass., grad. Harvard Coll., 
 1845. Mathematical Memoirs upon Mechanical Quadra- 
 tions ; on the Method of Least Squares ; the Construction 
 of the Rings of Saturn, in which their fluid nature was 
 first established; articles upon the Nebula of Andromeda; 
 Elements of the Orbits of Hyperion and the Satellite of 
 Neptune, and of various Comets ; on Stellar Photography, 
 Ac. He participated in the discovery of Hyperion, the new 
 ring of Saturn, &c. He occupies a high position in America 
 and Europe as an accurate and assiduous observer. 
 
 Bond, Henry, a mathematician of London in the 
 17th century. A Treatise on the Longitude, Lon., 1676, 
 fol. Con. on the Magnetic Needle to Phil. Trans., 1668-73. 
 
 Bond, Henry, Vicar of Cowley, Gloucestershire. 
 Three Discourses, 1711, 8vo. Two Sermons, 12mo. 
 
 Bond, Henry, M.D., b. 1790, at Watertown, Mass.; 
 grad. Dartmouth Coll., 1813; settled in Phila., 1819. 
 Watertown Family Memorials, with Illustrations, Maps, 
 and Notes, Bosk, 2 vols. 8vo, pp. 1100, 1856. Highly 
 commended by B. J. Lossing, S. G. Drake, N. Frothing- 
 ham, Ac. Dr. B. has also contrib. many valuable papers 
 to the med. journals. 
 
 Bond, J., of Gray's Inn. A Complete Guide for Jus 
 tices of the Peace ; 3d edit., Lon., 1707, 8vo. 
 
 Bond, J. Wesley, b. at Harrisburg, Penna., 1824. 
 Minnesota and its Resources, N.Y., 1854, 12mo. 
 
 "It contains notices of the early history of the country, of its 
 geographical features, its agricultural advantages, its manufactures, 
 commerce, facilities for travelling, the character of its inhabitants, 
 every thing, indeed, to illustrate its resources and its prospects." 
 
 Bond, John, 1550-1612, a native of Somersetshire, 
 was educated at Winchester School and at New College, 
 Oxford. In 1573 he took the degree of B.A. ; in 1579, 
 M.A. ; and soon afterwards was appointed master of the 
 free-school of Taunton. Several of his scholars rose to 
 distinction in Church and State. Annotationes in Poemata 
 Quinti Horatii, Lon., 1606, 8vo ; Han., 1621, 8vo ; Leyden, 
 1653, 8vo; best edit., Amst., 1686, 12mo. Many of the 
 notes are extracted from Lambinus. After his death, his 
 son-in-law, Roger Prowse, pub. a work of Bond's entitled 
 Auli Persi Flacci Satyrae sex, cum Posthumis Cornmenta- 
 riis Johannis Bond, 1614, 8vo. 
 
 Bond, John, LL.D., d. 1676, a native of Dorchester, 
 and educated at Catherine Hall, Cambridge, was preacher 
 to the Long Parliament, minister of the Savoy, master of 
 Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and Professor of Law at Gre- 
 sham College. A Door of Hope, Lon., 1641, 4to. Holy 
 and Loyal Activity, Lon., 1641, 4to. Sermon preached at 
 Exeter, Lon., 1643, 4to, and some other discourses. Dr. 
 Bond does not seem to have been much of a favourite with 
 that stout Loyalist and strict Churchman, the never-to-be- 
 forgotten old Anthony Wood. 
 
 " This J. Bond, by the way, you must know being scarce warm 
 in the pulpit, but he began to threaten heaven with some of his 
 divinity. ... In all which sermons, as in others which he deli 
 vered in London and Westminster, are contained many strange 
 positions, rebellious doctrines, religious cantings, and I know not 
 what. . . . These things I thought fit to let the reader know, that 
 posterity may distinguish between the said two Bonds, [see BOND, 
 JOHN, ante,'] the first a polite and rare critic, whose labours have 
 advanced the commonwealth of learning very much, and the 
 other an impudent, canting, and blasphemous person, who, by 
 his doctrine, did lead people to rebellion, advanced the cause of 
 Satan much, and in fine by his, and the endeavours of his bre 
 thren, brought all things to ruin, merely to advance their unsa- 
 tiable and ambitious desires. . . . His father, Dennis Bond, shewed 
 himself a devotee to Oliver's interest. On the 30th of Aug., 1658, 
 being then Monday, and the windiest day that had before hap 
 pened for 20 years, he paid his last debt to nature, being then 
 tormented with the strangury, and much anxiety of spirit. At 
 which time, as the then vulgar talk was, the devil came to take 
 away Oliv. Cromwell, who then lay on his death-bed, but being 
 not prepared for him, he gave Bond for his future appearance, and 
 accordingly on Friday following, being the 3d of Sept., he made 
 good his promise." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Anthony Wood's opinions of republicans and Dissenters 
 are, however, to be taken cum grano satis. 
 
 Bond, John. King Charles, his Welcome Home, 
 Lon., 1641, 4to. A Whip for the Judges, Bishops, and 
 Papists, Ac., Lon., 1641. The Downfal of the old Com 
 mon Council-Men, Lon., 1641. The Poet's Recantation, 
 Lon.,- 1642, 4to. England's Reioycing for the Parlia 
 ment's Retvrne, Lon., 1641, 4to. 
 
 " I take this John Bond to be different from the other John fsee 
 above,] who was a Presbyterian and afterwards an Independent." 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Bond, John, M.D. Med. Works, Lon. and Edin., 
 1751-53. 
 
 Bond, John. The Sennacherib of Modern Times, 
 or Bonaparte an Instrument in the hand of Providence, 
 1807, 8vo. 
 
 217 
 
BON 
 
 BON 
 
 Bond, R. Poems, Divine and Moral, Lon., 1769, 4to. 
 
 "The divine poems in this pamphlet are a paraphrase of the 
 Te Deum, of Agur's* Poem, of the 15th Psalm, and of the 100th 
 Psalm ; an Address to the Almighty, The Happy Man, a Morning 
 Thought, and a Soliloquy." Lon. Month. Rev., 1769. ' 
 
 Bond, Rev. Robert. Golden Maxims, N.Y., 32mo. 
 
 Bond, Thomas, M.D., 1712-1784, a native of Mary 
 land, commenced the practice of medicine in Philadelphia 
 about 1734 He delivered the first Clinical Lectures in 
 the Pennsylvania Hospital. He was a member of a lite 
 rary society composed of Franklin, Bartram, Godfrey, 
 and others, and was an officer of the American Philo 
 sophical Society from its commencement. He contributed 
 to the London Med. Obs. and Inquiries. 1. An Account 
 of an Immense Worm bred in the Liver, p. 67, 1755. 2. 
 On the Use of Peruvian Bark in Scrofulous Cases, ii. p. 65. 
 
 Bond, Thomas E., M.D., Prof, of Special Patho 
 logy, &c. Baltimore Coll. of Dental Surgery. Practical 
 Treatise on Dental Medicine, Phila., 1851, 8vo. 
 
 Bond, William, d. 1735, a native of Suffolk, was 
 concerned with Aaron Hill in the authorship of The Plain- 
 Dealer ; a periodical, collected into 2 vols. 8vo. He trans. 
 Buchanan's History, and edited The Supernatural Philo 
 sophy, or The Mysteries of Magic, [Defoe's Life of Dun 
 can Campbell, with a new title-page,] 2d edit., Lon., 1728, 
 8vo. He also revised, altered, and produced The Tuscan 
 Treaty, or Tarquin's Overthrow; a Play, 1733, 8vo. 
 
 Bond, William. Visitation Sermon, 1801, 4to. 
 
 Bond, William Cranch, M.A., an eminent Ame 
 rican astronomer, b. 1789, Portland, Maine, Director of 
 Astronomical Observatory of Harvard Coll. At an early 
 age he learned the business of watchmaking. His atten 
 tion was first attracted to astronomy by an eclipse which 
 occurred in 1806. He was one of the earliest American 
 discoverers of the comet of 1811. In 1838, he was app. by 
 the U.S. Navy Dept. to prosecute a series of observations 
 in connexion with the U.S. Exploring Exp. in command 
 of Capt. Wilkes ; app. Astron. Observer to Univ. in 1840. 
 Annals of Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College : 
 vol. i., Pt. 1, Cambridge, 1856, 4to, pp. 191 ; vol. i., Pt. 2, 
 1855, 4to, pp. 404. This part contains his own catalogue, 
 5500 stars situated between the Equator and 20' 
 North Declination. Celestial photography was by him 
 first recognised as a possible art and conducted through 
 its earliest stages. The connection of the sidereal clock 
 with the galvanic circuit was first used by Mr. B. in re 
 cording astronomical observations. He is a member of the 
 leading scientific societies of Europe and America. 
 
 Bonde, Cunelgus. Scutum Regale, Lon., 1660. 
 
 Bonde, William. De Julii Clovii clari admodum 
 Pictoris Operibus, (Londini,) 1733, fol. A work of great 
 rarity. 
 
 Bone, John. Poor's Rates, Lon., 1805, 8vo. Tran 
 quillity, Ac., 1806, 8vo. Wants of the People, 1807, 8vo. 
 
 Bone, S. V. Precedents in Conveyancing, adapted 
 to the Present State of the Law; illustrated with Notes by 
 T. G. Western, 1841, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Bone's work possesses three very commendable features, 
 simplicity of design, adherence thereto, and scrupulous honesty 
 in acknowledgment of authorities." See Marvin's Legal Bibl . 
 
 Bones, James. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1762. 
 
 Bonham, Thomas. The Chirurgeon's Closet Fur 
 nished with Remedies, Lon., 1630, 4to. 
 
 Bonhome, Richard. Sermon, &c., 1675-79. 
 
 Bonhote, Eliz. Novels, &c., Lon., 1788-99. 
 
 Bouhote,P.L.D. Logarithm Tables, Lon., 1805, 8vo. 
 
 Boniface, Saint, the apostle of Germany, b. about 
 680, d. 755, was a native of Crediton, Devonshire, and 
 originally named Winfrid. He laboured with great zeal 
 in Germany and France, and was raised to the archiepis- 
 copal dignity the see of Mentz being made metropolitan 
 for him in 738. Opera a Nicolao Serrario Mogunt, 1605, 
 4to. Epistolee Mogunt, 1629, 4to. Passio, Gr. Lat., Lut. 
 Par., 1680, 8vo. His Letters are the most important of 
 his literary remains. 
 
 Bonnar, John. See BONAR. 
 
 Bonnel, or Bonnell, James, 1653-1699, a son of 
 Samuel Bonnell, an English merchant, b. at Genoa, where 
 his father resided for some time. James was educated at 
 Catherine Hall, Cambridge. He became very eminent for 
 learning and piety. He wrote some Meditations and 
 Prayers, inserted in his Life, and he pub. a Harmony of 
 the Gospels written by another hand, " improved by T. B. 
 for his own use," Lon., 1705, 8vo. See his Life and Cha 
 racter by W. Hamilton, Archdn. of Armagh, with Funeral 
 Sermon by the Bp. of Killmore and Ardagh, Lon., 1703 
 8vo; 5th edit, Lon., 1807. 
 "Such a character may perhaps be overlooked by some, be 
 
 cause there is nothing remarkably striking in it. But the man 
 who is uniformly good, and that to such a degree as Mr. Bonnell 
 was, ought to stand high in our opinion, and to be esteemed what 
 he certainly was a great man." GRANGER. 
 
 Bonnell, George. Wool Manufacture, 1759, 4to. 
 
 Bonner, or Boner, Edmund, d. 1569, consecrated 
 Bishop of London, April 4, 1540, was the son of a " poor 
 honest man" of Hanley, Worcestershire. He was educated 
 at Broadgate's Hall, (afterwards Pembroke College,) Oxford, 
 and took his doctor's degree in 1525. His subsequent his 
 tory is well known. Articles (37) to be inquired of in the 
 General Visitation of Edmund, Bishop of London, 1554, 
 <fec. Reprinted in Burnet's History of the Reformation. 
 
 "To ridicule them, John Bale, Bishop of Ossory, wrote a book 
 entitled A Declaration of Edmund Bonner's Articles concerning 
 the Clergy of London Diocese, whereby that execrable antichrist 
 is in his right colours revealed, 1554, 8vo." 
 
 A Profitable and Necessary Doctrine, <fcc., Lon., 1554- 
 55, 4to. 
 
 "This Catechism is said to have been composed by his chap 
 lains, [John Harpesfield and Henry Pendleton,] and to be taken out 
 of the Institution of a Christian Man, set out by K. Hen. 8, only 
 varied in some points." 
 
 For a list of Bonner's treatises, <fcc., see Watt's BibU 
 Brit. Works, printed by J. Cawood, Lon., 4to, sine anno. 
 
 In 1842 appeared Life and Defence of the Conduct and 
 Principles of the Venerable and Calumniated Bishop Bon 
 ner, &c., by a Tractarian British Critic, (Prebendary 
 Tremyard,) Lon., 8vo. 
 
 " This ironical life and defence of Bishop Bonner is an exposure 
 of the Romish tendency of the Oxford Tracts, and is written 
 throughout with ability and learning. There is no doubt that the 
 author has damaged the party he has attacked." Lon. Athen. 
 
 Bonner, J. Copperplate Perspective Itinerary, Pts. 1 
 and 2, 1799. 
 
 Bonner, James. Med. treatises, &c., Lon., 1795-1818. 
 
 Bonner, John, b. 1828, at Quebec, resides in N.Y. 
 City. Child's Hist, of the United States, N.Y., 2 vols. 16mo. 
 
 "This American history is freely written, and contains a fair 
 account of the settlement in America of the early Puritans, of their 
 trials and misfortunes, and of their after prosperity and liberty." 
 Lon. Athen. 
 
 Child's History of Rome; do. Greece, Ac. Registry 
 Laws of Canada. The Old Rggime and the Revolution ; 
 from the French of De Tocqueville. Mr. B. intends com 
 pleting his series of Child's Histories. Is the editor of Har 
 per's Weekly, and one of the editors of N.Y. Herald, (1858.) 
 
 Bonner, Richard. Treatise on the Eucharist, Lon., 
 1548, 8vo. 
 
 Bonnet, John, Surgeon. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1724. 
 
 Bonney, Thomas. Sermon, Lon., 1763, 4to. 
 
 Bonnor, C. Institution for the Blind, 1810. 
 
 Bonnor, Charles. Pamphlets relative to Mr. Pal 
 mer, 1797-1800. Trans, of The Manager and Actor, 1784. 
 The Picture of Paris, 1790. 
 
 Bonnor, T. Views of Gloucester Cathedral, 1796- 
 1815, 8vo. Views of Goodrich Castle, 1798-1815, 8vo. 
 
 Bonny, Henry Kaye, D.D. Life of Jeremy Taylor, 
 D.D., 1818, 8vo. Mem. of T. F. Middleton, <fcc., Oundle, 
 1821, 8vo. Blessings of Peace secured by Piety, Ac. 
 
 Bonnycastle, Charles, d. 1840, son of the follow 
 ing. Treatise on Inductive Geometry. Several memoirs 
 on scientific subjects. 
 
 Bonnycastle, John, d. 1821, an eminent mathe 
 matical writer, pub. a number of works, Lon., 1780-1813. 
 An Introduction to Mensuration, &c., 1782; to Algebra, 
 1783; to Astronomy, 1786. Elements of Geometry, 1789. 
 Treatise on Trigonometry, 1806; on Arithmetic, 1810; on 
 Algebra, 1813, 2 vols. Trans. Bossut's Hist. Mathematics. 
 
 Bonnycastle, R.H. Spanish America,1818,2vols.8vo. 
 
 Bonnycastle, Lieut. -Col. Sir Richard. The 
 Canadas in 1841, 2 vols. 8vo. Canada and the Canadians 
 in 1846, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " There is excellent advice, as well as information of a practical 
 kind, which ought to be treasured up by the intending emigrant." 
 London Morning Chronicle. 
 
 Newfoundland in 1842, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Published under the sanction of the British Government, and 
 comprises a full account of this most important colony." Lon. 
 Athen. 
 
 Bonoeil, John. Silk- Worms inVirginia,Lon.,1622,4to. 
 
 Bonomi, J. Nineveh and its Palaces : the Discoveries 
 of Botta and Layard applied to the Elucidation of Holy 
 Writ; with nearly 250 woodcuts, Lon., 1852, 8vo. This 
 valuable volume contains contributions from Dr. Lepsius, 
 Dr. Grotefend, Mr. S. Sharpe, <fcc. 
 
 Bonwell, James. Sermons on the Catholic Church, 
 Lon., 1843, 8vo. 
 
 Bonwicke, Ambrose, b. 1652, a Non-juring divine, 
 a schoolmaster, and a man of most exemplary piety, wrote 
 a life of his son of both his names; Pattern for Young 
 
BOO 
 
 BOR 
 
 Students in the University, and which was not pub. until 
 1729, Lon. Svo. Bowyer pub. this volume, and added a 
 preface to it. 
 
 Booker,Daniel. Beauties of the Mass,Lon.,1746,Svo. 
 
 Booker, John, 1601-1667, an astrologer and fortune 
 teller, pub. A Cable Rope, 1664, 4to. Tractatus Paschalis, 
 1664, 8vo. The Dutch Fortune-Teller brought into Eng 
 land, 1667, fol. ; The Bloody Irish Almanac, 1646, 4to ; 
 The Bloody Almanac, 1643, 4to. Booker seems to have 
 had a most sanguinary taste in titles. 
 
 " He had a curious fancy in judging of thefts, and was as suc 
 cessful in resolving love questions." LILLY, the Astrologer. 
 
 Booker, Luke, 1762-1836, Rector of Tedstone-de-la- 
 Mere, 1806, and of Dudley, 1812, pub. a number of theo- 
 log. and other works. Lectures on the Lord's Prayer. 
 
 " This volume contains a series of highly instructive discourses 
 on the several petitions contained in the Lord's Prayer." London 
 Monthly Critical Gazette. 
 
 Sermons on various Subjects, intended to promote Chris 
 tian Knowledge and Human Happiness, Dudley, 1793, 8vo. 
 Historical Account of Dudley Castle, 8vo. 
 
 Booker, More. Serm. at the Funeral of the Countess 
 of Drogheda, 1756, 8vo. 
 
 Bookey, Sacheverell. Sermon. 1739, 4to. 
 
 Boole, George. Investigation of the Laws of Thought. 
 Lon., 8vo. Mathematical Analysis of Logic, 1847, 8vo. 
 
 Boone, T. C. Book of Churches and Sects, Lon., 
 1826, 8vo. Marriage Looking- Glass, 1848, 8vo. 
 
 " An exceedingly interesting work, including some valuable 
 Opinions of esteemed writers relative to Married Life, &c." 
 
 Outlines of Man's True Interest, 1844, 12mo. Sketches 
 from Life in verse, 12mo. 
 
 Boone, Daniel, b. about 1730, d. 1820, one of the 
 earliest settlers of Kentucky, celebrated for his adventures, 
 drew up an account of his life, which was pub. in Filson's 
 Supplement to Imlay's Description of the Western Terri 
 tory, 1793. 
 
 Boorde, Andrew. See BORDE. 
 
 Boorman, N. Trans, of Hesse's Government of all 
 Estates ; sine anno, 16mo. 
 
 Boote, Richard, d. 1782. Legal Treatises, 1766-91. 
 
 Booth, A. Examen Legum Anglise, or the, Laws of 
 England examined by Scripture, Antiquity, and Reason, 
 1656, 4to. 
 
 Booth, Abraham, 1734-1806, pastor of a congrega 
 tion of Particular Baptists in London, from 1769 until his 
 death. Paedo-Baptism Examined, 1784, 2 vols. 12mo; an 
 edit, with additions, 1829, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " An elaborate work, published under the superintendence of 
 the committee of the Baptist Fund ; and considered by the au 
 thor's sect as unanswerable." LOWNDES. 
 
 Reign of Grace, 1768, 8vo. 
 
 " A masterly performance." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 "Highly evangelical, but some of his expressions want modify 
 ing." BlCKERSTETH. 
 
 Ryland commends Booth for clearness of thought, nerv 
 ous reasoning, accurate method, and vigour of style. 
 
 tfooth, Barton, 1681-1733, an eminent English ac 
 tor, was author of those charming stanzas, " Sweet are the 
 charms of her I love." He left a dramatic piece entitled, 
 The Death of Dido, 1716, 8vo. The Memoirs of Booth, 
 were pub. Lon., 1733, 8vo ; also by Theop. Gibber, and by 
 Mr. Victor. 
 
 Booth, Benjamin. System of Book-Keeping. 
 
 Booth, David, 1766-1846, a self-educated English 
 5?f\. T Pros P ectus of an Analytical Dictionary of the 
 English Language, 1805 ; Introduction to do., Edin 1806 
 8vo; new ed., Lon., 1836, 4to. He devoted the last fifty 
 years of Ins life to the preparation of this curious work, 
 but one vol. of which was pub. Art of Wine-Making 
 Art of Brewing. Explanation of Scientific Terms These 
 three works were pub. by the Soc. for the Diffusion of 
 Useful Knowledge. Strictures on Malthus on Population 
 Essay on Jury-Laws. Eura and Zedepyra, a Tale; with 
 Poetical Pieces, 1816, 8vo. 
 
 Booth, George. The Historical Library of Diodo- 
 rus Siculus, trans, into English, Lon., 1700, fol. 
 
 " This translation, which is now very scarce, is in high reputa 
 tion for its general correctness." CLARKE. 
 
 " We are indebted to him for the preservation of a multitude of 
 particulars, which but for him we never should have known." 
 ANTHON. 
 
 The Nature and Practice of Real Action, &c., Lon., 1701, 
 fol. ; with the Notes of Serjeant Hill, Lon., 1811, r. 8vo. 
 
 " Booth on Real Action is an imperfect and unsatisfactory book 
 but for want of a better treatise upon the subject, ' is even cited as 
 an authoritative compilation.' The editor of the American edition, 
 John Anthon, translated the ancient records from the Latin and 
 added a few references to American and English editions, 8vo, 
 New York, 1808." Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 Booth, George. Essays on Political Economy, Ac., 
 Lon., 1814-18. 
 
 Booth, George, Earl of Warrington. Con 
 siderations upon the Institution of Marriage, Lon., 1739 : 
 anon. A Letter on some Reflections in Burnet's History 
 of his Own Times. 
 
 Booth, Henry? Earl of Warrington, 1651-1693, 
 father of the preceding. Case of the late Lord Russell, 
 with Observations upon it, 1689, fol. Tryal for High 
 Treason, 1686, fol. Works, consisting of Parliamentary 
 Speeches, Family Prayers, and Political Tracts, 1694, 8vo. 
 
 " A man of strict piety, of great worth, honour, and humanity." 
 
 Booth, H. Miscellaneous Pieces of Verse, 1805, Svo. 
 
 Booth, James C., b. 181 0, Prof, of Applied Chemistry 
 in the Franklin Institute ; Melter and Refiner in the U.S. 
 Mint, Phila. The Encyclopaedia of Chemistry, Practical 
 and Theoretical; embracing its Application to the Arts, 
 Metallurgy, Geology, Medicine, and Pharmacy, Phila., 
 1850, 8vo. In this work Mr. Booth was assisted by Campbell 
 Morfit ; in conjunction with whom he also wrote A Report 
 to the Smithsonian Institute on Recent Improvements in 
 the Chemical Arts, Wash., 1851, 4to. Ed. T. R. Betton's 
 trans, of Regnault's Chemistry, Phila., 1852, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Booth, John. Lett, to Ames, on some Ancient Nu 
 merals. Archseol., vol. i. 1770. 
 
 Booth, John. Principal Greek Primitives, Huddersf., 
 1801, 4to; 1817, Svo. The Kingdom of Christ. 
 
 Booth, Joseph. Polygraphic Art, Lon., 1788, Svo. 
 
 Booth, Peniston, D.D. Ser. on Baptism, 1718, Svo. 
 
 Booth, Robert. Encomium Heroum., Lon., 1620, 4to. 
 
 Boothby, B. Synopsis of the Law relating to In 
 dictable Offences, Lon., 1842, 12mo. 
 
 " The author has made frequent reference to precedents of in 
 dictments, and to all of the late works upon criminal law. The 
 work is condensed and accurate, and useful for the purpose of 
 ready reference. 
 
 Boothby, Sir Brooke. Political, poetical, and other 
 works, Lon., 1791-1809. Tears of Penelope, 1795, fol. 
 Sorrows sacred to the Memory of Penelope, 1796, fol. Fa 
 bles and Satires, Edin., 2 vols. Svo, 1709. 
 
 Boothby,F. Marcelia, a Tragi-comedy, Lon., 1670,4to. 
 
 Boothby, Richard. Description of Madagascar, 
 Lon., 1646, 4to. In Osborne's Voyages, 1745. A True 
 Declaration of wrongs done him by two servants of the E. 
 India Company, Lon., 1644, 4to. 
 
 Boothe, N. The Rights of Windsor Forest Asserted, 
 Lon., 1719, Svo. 
 
 Boothhouse, Samuel. Dey of Tunis, Ac., Lon., 
 1853, 4to. 
 
 Booth royd, Benjamin, D.D., 1768-1836, a Dissent 
 ing minister, bookseller, and printer, is well known for his 
 edition of the Hebrew Bible, and his Family Bible in Eng 
 lish. The Biblia Hebraica, pub. originally in parts, 1810, 
 Ac., afterwards at Pontefract and Lon., 1816, 2 vols. 4to, 
 is without points, and after the text of Kennicott. 
 
 "It is peculiarly interesting to the Hebrew scholar and critic, 
 as it contains in a condensed form the substance of the most valu 
 able and expensive works." Home's Introduc. 
 
 " Probably the most useful Hebrew Bible that has been pub 
 lished for common use." ORME. 
 
 " A Hebrew Bible with various readings, and synopsis of Bibli 
 cal Critics, is a desideratum that we hope every minister and stu 
 dent whose finances allow will eagerly embrace." Evangelical Mag. 
 
 " A valuable collection of criticisms from various sources." 
 
 BlCKERSTETH. 
 
 In 1818 he pub., Pontefract and London, 3 vols. 4to, A 
 New Family Bible, and Improved Version,from corrected 
 Texts of the Originals, with Notes and Reflections. 
 
 "A valuable help to the critical understanding of the Holy 
 Scriptures." Home's Introduc. 
 
 " He has very happily blended critical disquisition with practi 
 cal instruction, and an invariable regard to the spirit and design 
 
 of revelation It deserves the encouragement of all the friends 
 
 of religion." ORME. 
 
 A new edition carefully corrected and greatly improved, 
 but without the " practical reflections," was pub. in 1835 
 in one large Svo vol. 
 
 " I do not think we have any similar work in our language ap 
 proaching it in all the qualities of usefulness." J. PTE SMITH, D.D. 
 
 " The result of a most successful application of the same great 
 learning and great labour which had been previously evinced in 
 his critical edition of the Hebrew Bible." RALPH WARDLAW. D D 
 
 "I seldom consult his translation without advantage." INGRAM 
 
 (BOBBIN. \ "^ - 
 
 " I have always regarded it as a book of great value." ROBERT 
 VAUQHA.N. 
 
 "The sentiments of the author are evangelical and devotional" 
 
 BlCKERSTETH. 
 
 In 1807, Pontefract, Svo, Dr. B. pub. The History of the 
 ancient Borough of Pontefract, in two parts. This is a 
 rare work. 
 
 Bo rust on, George. Sermon, 1684, 4to. 
 
 219 
 
BOR 
 
 Boraston, William. A Treatise on the Pestilence, 
 Lon., 1630, 8vo. 
 
 Borde, or Iloorde, Andrew, M.D., in Latin An 
 dreas Perforatus, b. about 1500, d. 1549, was a native 
 of Sussex, and educated at Oxford. Although a man of 
 learning, he occasionally enacted the part of an itinerant 
 doctor, and the tale of Merry Andrew is said to be derived 
 from him. Hearne tells us that he 
 
 "Frequented markets and fairs where a conflux of people used 
 to get together, to whom he prescribed, and to induce them to flock 
 thither the more readily, he would make humorous speeches." 
 
 His excuse for this Opprobrium Medicorum must be the 
 " rambling head and inconstant mind" which Wood asserts 
 that he possessed. He pub. several works : Pryncyples 
 of Astronomye, Lon., 1540, 8vo; reprint. 100 copies, 4 on 
 vellum, Lon., 1814, 8vo. The first Boke of the Introduc 
 tion of Knowledge, the which doth teach a man to speake 
 part of al maner of languages, and to knowe the usage and 
 fashion of al maner of countryes, Ac., Lon., 1542, 4toj 
 new edit by Copland, sine anno. 
 
 " Probably the most curious and generally interesting volume 
 ever put forth from the press of the Coplands." DIBDIN. 
 
 The work is partly in verse, partly in prose, with wooden 
 cuts prefixed to each of the 39 chapters. 
 
 " The first is a satire, as it appears, on the fickle nature of an 
 Englishman : the symbolical print prefixed to this chapter exhibit 
 ing a naked man, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a roll of 
 cloth in the other, not determined what sort of a coat he shall order 
 to be made, has more humour than any of the verses which follow." 
 The two first of the verses are these : 
 
 "I am an Englisman, and naked I stand here, 
 
 Musing in my mind, what rayment I shall wear." 
 "Nor is the poetry destitute of humour only; but of every em 
 bellishment, both of metrical arrangement and expression. Borde 
 has all the boldness of allusion, and barbarity of versification, be 
 longing to Skelton, without his strokes of satire and severity." 
 Warton's Eng. Poetry. 
 
 The Breviarie of Healthe for all manner of Sicknesses 
 and Diseases, &c., Lon., 1547, 4to. This was approved by 
 the University of Oxford. 
 
 " I am confident this book was the first written of that faculty 
 in English, and dedicated to the college of physicians in London. 
 Take a taste out of the beginning of his dedicatory epistle : 
 
 " ' Egregious doctors and masters of the eximious and arcane 
 science of physic, of your urbanity exasperate not yourselves 
 against me for making this little volume of physic.' 
 
 " Indeed his book contains plain matter under hard words ; and 
 was accounted such a jewel in that age (things whilst the first, are 
 esteemed the best, in all kinds) that it was printed cum privilegio 
 ad imprime dum solum." Fuller's Worthies. 
 
 Fuller is much mistaken in giving this work the priority 
 he assigns to it. Compendyouse Regimente, or Dietary of 
 Healthe made in Mounte Pyllor, 1562, 12mo ; 1567, 8vo ; 
 1576, 8vo. 
 
 " Of Borde's numerous books, the only one that can afford any 
 degree of entertainment to the modern reader is the Dietarie of 
 Helthe where, giving directions as a physician, concerning the 
 choice of houses, diet, and apparel, and not suspecting how little 
 he should instruct, and how much he mip:ht amuse a curious pos 
 terity, he has preserved many anecdotes of the private life, customs, 
 and arts of our ancestors." Warton's Eng. Poetry. 
 
 Merie Tales of the Mad Men of Gotham, Lon., 8vo, sine 
 anno, sed circa 1565 ? 
 
 " It was accounted a book full of wit and mirth by scholars and 
 gentlemen. Afterwards being often printed, is now sold only on 
 the stalls of ballad-singers." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 " Hearne was of opinion that these idle pranks of the men of 
 Gotham, a town in Lincoln'shire, bore a reference tasome customary 
 law-tenures belonging to that place or its neighborhood, now grown 
 obsolete; and that Blount might have enriched his book on AN 
 CIENT TENURES with these ludicrous stories." 
 
 A ryght pleasant and merry History of the Myller of 
 
 Abington, [a village near Cambridge,] with his wife and 
 
 his faire daughter, and of two poor scholars of Cambridge. 
 
 " A meager epitome of Chaucer's Miller's Tale." 
 
 Borde was author of several other works. Consult Wood's 
 
 Athen. Oxon., Bliss's edit.; Warton's Eng. Poetry; Dib- 
 
 din's Ames ; Brit. Bibliog. ; Ritson's Bibl. Poet. ; Dodd's 
 
 Ch. Hist., vol. i. ; Cooper's Muses' Library ; Phillips's Thea- 
 
 trum Poet. Angl. ; Hearne's Pref. to Benedictus Abbas 
 
 Petroburg. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 " Dr. Borde was an ingenious man, and knew how to humour 
 and please his patients, readers, and auditors. In his travels and 
 visits, he often appeared and spoke in public; and would often 
 frequent markets and fairs where a conflux of people used to get 
 together, to whom he prescribed; and to induce them to flock 
 thither the more readily, he would make humorous speeches, 
 couched in such language as caused mirth, and wonderfully pro 
 pagated his fame." Hearn*?* Benedictus Abb., torn. i. 
 
 " Our author Borde was esteemed a noted poet, a witty and in 
 genious person, and an excellent physician of his time." Atfien. 
 
 Oxon. 
 
 Wood also refers to the tradition of Borde's having been 
 
 physician to Henry VIII. ; but for this opinion Warton 
 
 could find only " very slender proof." 
 
 " A mad physician and a dull poet. . . . Borde's name would not 
 
 220 
 
 BOR 
 
 have been now remembered, had he wrote only profound systems 
 n medicine and astronomy. He is known to posterity as a buffoon, 
 not as a philosopher." English Poetry. 
 
 Borde published the jests of John Scogan, the favourite 
 Buffoon of the court of Edward the Fourth : 
 
 " They are without humour or invention ; and give us no very 
 .vourafele idea of the delicacy of the king and courtiers, who could 
 ae exhilarated by the merriments of such a writer." WARTON. 
 
 Borden, Simeon. On Railroads, Boston, 1854, 8vo. 
 
 Border, Dan, The English Chemical Physician and 
 hirurgerie, Ac., Lon., 1651, fol. The whole Art and Sur 
 vey of Physick and Chirurgerie, Lon., 1651, 4to. Two 
 editions same year. 
 
 Bordley, John Beale, d. at Philadelphia, 1804, 
 aged 76. Forsyth's Treatise on Fruit Trees. Sketches 
 on Rotation of Crops, 1792. Essays and Notes on Hus 
 bandry, Ac., 1799, 1801, Phil., 8vo. View of the Courses 
 of Crops in England and Maryland, 1804. 
 
 " He was greatly instrumental in diffusing the best knowledge 
 of the best of all arts." 
 
 Boreman, Richard, D.D. Sermons, Lon., 1662, 
 
 3, '69. 
 
 Boreman, or Bourman, Robert, D.D., d. 1675. 
 The Churchman's Catechism, Lon., 1651, 4to. The Tri 
 umphs of Learning over Ignorance, and of Truth over 
 Falsehood, Lon., 1653, 4to. Mirror of Mercy and Judg 
 ment. Life and Death of Freeman Sonds, Lon., 1655, 4to. 
 Panegyric and Sermon on Dean Comber, Lon., 1654, 4to. 
 
 Boreman, Thomas. Descrip. of 300 Animals, Lon., 
 1730, 8vo. 
 
 Borfet, Abiel. Postliminia Carolii II., Ac., Lon., 
 1660, 4to. Sermon on Ps. xx. 5, 1696, 4to. 
 
 Borget, Auguste. Sketches of China and the Chi 
 nese, imp. fol. 4 4s. 
 
 " Affords a far more complete idea of the country and its inha 
 bitants than we have ever seen or met with in all the books we 
 have been looking at or read before." London Literary Gazette. 
 
 Borget, Samuel. The Devil's Legend, Lon., 1595, 4to. 
 
 Borringdon, Lord. Speech in H. of Lords on the 
 Petition of the R. Catholics of Ireland, 1810, 8vo. Ac 
 count of Lord B.'s Accident and Death, Lon., 1810, 4to. 
 Privately printed. 
 
 Borlace, Edmond, M.D., d. 1682, son of Sir John 
 Borlace, one of the Lords Justices of Ireland, practised 
 physic with great reputation and success at Chester, Eng 
 land. Latham Spaw in Lancashire, Lon., 1670, 8vo. The 
 Reduction of Ireland to the Crown of England, Ac. 
 
 " A short but instructive work." BP. Nicotsoy. 
 
 A Brief Account of the Rebellion in 1641, Lon., 1675, 
 8vo. The History of the execrable Irish Rebellion, Ac., 
 Lon., 1680, fol. Wood asserts that much of this book is 
 borrowed without acknowledgment : see Athen. Oxon. It 
 contains letters from Cromwell, Ireton, Preston, Ac. Brief 
 Reflections on the Earl of Castlehaven's Memoirs, Ac., 
 Lon., 1682, 8vo. 
 
 Borlase, Henry, d. 1834. Papers connected with 
 the present state of the country, Lon., 1836, 12mo. 
 
 Borlase, William, 1696-1772, a native of Cornwall, 
 was educated at Exeter College, Oxford. He was insti 
 tuted in 1722 to the rectory of Ludgvan, and in 1732 to 
 the vicarage of St. Just. Antiquities, Historical and Mo 
 numental, of the County of Cornwall, Oxf., 1754, fol.; 
 2d edit, with additions, Lon., 1769, fol. This work is the 
 result of much research and accurate observation. 
 
 Observations on the Ancient and Present State of the 
 Islands of Scilly, and their importance to the trade of 
 Great Britain, Oxf., 1756, 4to. 
 
 "This is one of the most pleasing and elegant pieces of local en 
 quiry that our country has produced." Dr. Johnson, in tl& Literary 
 Messenger. 
 
 The Natural History of Cornwall, Oxf., 1758, fol. Many 
 years had been employed in collecting materials for this 
 valuable work. Dr. B. contributed many papers to Phil. 
 Trans.: vide 1749, '53, '55, '57, '58, '59, '62, '63, '69. He 
 was in correspondence with many of the eminent literary 
 men of his day. 
 
 " He furnished Mr. Pope with the greatest part of the mate 
 rials for forming his grotto at Twickenham, consisting of such cu 
 rious fossils as the county of Cornwall abounds with ; and there 
 may, at present, be seen Dr. Borlase's name in capitals, composed 
 of crystals, in the grotto. On this occasion a very handsome let 
 ter was written to the Doctor by Mr. Pope, in which he says, 'I 
 am much obliged to you for your valuable collection of Cornish 
 diamonds. I have placed them where they may best represent 
 yourself, in "a shade, but shining;"' alluding to the obscurity of 
 Dr. Borlase's situation, and the brilliancy of his talents. . . . There 
 is still existing a large collection of letters written by that cele 
 brated poet to our Author." Biog. Brit. 
 
 See Dr. B.'s Memoirs, drawn up by himself at the request 
 of a friend, in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. v. 291, Ac. 
 Borne, William. A Regiment for the Sea, Lon., 
 1620, 4to. 
 
BOR 
 
 BOS 
 
 Borough, Sir John. See BURROUGHS. 
 
 Borough, William. A New Attractive ; a short dis 
 course of the Loadstone, Lon., 1585, 4to. Variation of 
 the Compass, Lon., 1585, 4to. 
 
 Borrer, Dawson. Journey from Naples to Jerusa 
 lem, Lon., p. 8vo. Campaign against the Kabailes of Al 
 geria, 8yo. 
 
 " Mr. Borrer is an observant and painstaking traveller. . . . The 
 season has not produced a more amusing book." London Critic. 
 
 " One of the most interesting narratives we have had for many a 
 day.'' London Examiner. 
 
 Borrow, George, a native of Norfolk, England, has 
 pub. some of the most popular books of the age. The 
 Zincali; or, An Account of the Gipsies of Spain, Lon., 2 
 vols. p. 8vo, 1841. 
 
 " A genuine book ; not one of those starved pieces of modern 
 manufacture. . . . There is no taking leave of a book like this. 
 Better Christmas fare we never had it in our power to offer our 
 readers." London Athenaeum. 
 
 " These curious and most attractive pages." London Literary 
 Gazette. See Edinburgh Review, Ixxiv. 45. 
 
 The Bible in Spain, Lon., 3 vols. p. 8vo., 1843. 
 We are frequently reminded of Gil Bias in the narratives of this 
 pious, single-hearted man. As a book of adventures, it seems to 
 us about the most extraordinary which has appeared in our own 
 or any other language for a long time past." London Quarterly 
 Review. See Edin. Review, Ixxvii. 105. 
 
 Sir Robert Peel in the House of Commons, April 11, 1843 : 
 " Difficulties ! ! were they to be deterred from proceeding on that 
 account? Let them look at Mr. Borrow; why if he had suffered 
 himself to be prevented from circulating the Bible in Spain by the 
 difficulties he met with, he could never have spread such enlight 
 enment and information through that country." 
 
 Lavengro : the Scholar, the Gipsy, and the Priest, Lon., 
 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " A book which has a panoramic unity of its own, and of which 
 scarcely a page is without its proper interest." Tait's Magazine. 
 
 Autobiography, Lon., 1 vol. 12mo, 1851. 
 
 "A work of intense interest, including extraordinary adven 
 tures in various parts of the world." 
 
 Borthwick, George, M.D. Crystalline Lens, Edin., 
 1775, 8vo. Con. to Med. Coin., 1772, <fec. Annals of Med., 
 1796, Ac. 
 
 Borthwick, John. Observations, <fec. on Libel, Lon., 
 1830, 8vo. 
 
 " A learned and excellent work." 
 
 Other legal treatises. 
 
 Borthwick, William. Feudal Dignities of Scot 
 land, Edin., 1775, 8vo. Remarks on British Antiquities, 
 Edin., 1776, 8vo. 
 
 " These northern memoirs will be thought curious and valuable 
 by the antiquary." Monthly Review, 1776. 
 
 Bosanquet, Chas. Commercial treatises, Lon., 1807. 
 
 Bosanquet, Edwin. Paraphrase of Paul's Epistle 
 to the Romans, Lon., 1840, 8vo. 
 
 Bosanquet, J. B., and C. Puller. Legal Reports, 
 Lon., 1800-07; and Lon., 1826, 5 vols. roy. 8vo. The last 
 English edition comprises all their reports. They were 
 continued by Taunton, Broderip, and Bingham. 
 
 Bosanquet, James W. Chronology of Daniel, Ezra, 
 and Nehemiah considered, Ac., Part 1, Lon., 1848, 8vo. 
 
 Bosanquet, R. W. Remarks on Baptism and Re 
 generation, Lon., 8vo. Pusey on the Eucharist. 
 
 Bosanquet, S. R. Works on Theology, Law, Poli 
 tical Economy, and Logic. The Rights of the Poor, and 
 Christian Almsgiving Vindicated. 
 
 " A book containing more valuable information relative to the 
 statistics of economy of the poor than all the parliamentary re 
 ports ever published. The book should be read by all who take 
 the slightest interest in the subject." Britannia. . 
 
 Bosanquet, W. H. Let. to J. Wigram, Lon. 1836, 8vo. 
 
 Bosboon. Plain Description of the Five Orders of 
 Architecture, with cuts, 1676, fol. ; 1679, fol. 
 
 Boscawen, William, 1752-1811, a barrister, was 
 educated at Eton, and Exeter College, Oxford. Treatise 
 of Convictions on Penal Statutes, Lon., 1792, 8vo. Trans, 
 of Horace into English verse, 1793-98, 2 vols. 8vo. The 
 Progress of Satire, <fcc., containing Remarks on the Pur 
 suits of Literature, 1798; a Supplement to ditto, 1799. 
 Original Poems, 1801, 12mo. 
 
 Mr. Mathias was not backward in returning Boscawen's 
 compliments : 
 
 " I never shared the profits of the gown, 
 Nor yet, with Horace and myself at war, 
 For rhyme and victuals left the starving bar. 
 
 " This was lately done by William Boscawen, Esquire, an Eto 
 nian, first a Barrister at Law, now a Commissioner of the Victual 
 ling Office, and (by an easy transition) Translator of Horace. 
 Negatas artifex sequi voces, (Pers. Prol.) In this revision of my 
 work, I have no more space to allot to Mr. Boscawen, or to his 
 rhymes. It is the fate of some men to describe the history of an 
 art without making any progress in it themselves; to write verses 
 without inspiration, and satirical poems without satire. But 
 what said Boileau? 
 
 ' Attaquer Chapelainl' &c. 
 
 Nothing, indeed, is less acceptable than plain truth to irritable 
 and implacable rhymers : but I must say that the unresisting im 
 becility of Mr. Boscawen's translation disarms all criticism." 
 Pursuits of Literature, 16th edit. 
 
 See MATHIAS, T. J. 
 
 Bosqnett, Abraham. The Young Man of Honour's 
 Vade-Mecum ; being a Salutary Treatise on Duelling, Ac., 
 1817, 12mo. This is a palpable misnomer; for no man 
 foolish and guilty enough to defy God by fighting a duel, 
 can possibly be a " Man of Honour." The man who re 
 fuses so to disgrace himself is truly the " Man of Honour." 
 Mr. B. pub. some Essays on Marine subjects, 1818, 8vo. 
 
 Bossewell, John. See BOSWELL. 
 
 Bostock, John, M.D., 1773-1845, b. Liverpool. This 
 distinguished physician pub. a number of professional 
 works. We notice a few : Elementary System of Physi 
 ology, 8vo. Essay on Respiration, 8vo. History and Pre 
 sent State of Galvanism, Svo. Sketch of the History of 
 Medicine, Svo. A list of some of his valuable contribu 
 tions to Med. and Phys. Jour., Memoirs Med., Nic. Jour., 
 and Ann. Phil., will be found in Watt's Bib. Brit. 
 
 Bostock,Peter. Sub. of some sermons,Lon.,1630,8vo. 
 
 Boston, John, a monk of St. Edmundsbury, who is 
 supposed to have died 1410, was one of the first collectors 
 of the lives of English waiters, and the precursor of Le- 
 land, Bale, and Pits. Speculum Coenobitarum ; editio per 
 Ant. Hallium, in Trivet Annal.,0xon., 1722, Svo. 
 
 " He searched indefatigably all the libraries of the kingdom, 
 and wrote a catalogue of the authors, with short opinions of them." 
 
 " After the ancient discoveries of Boston and Leland, there hath 
 been nothing attempted but some rude and disproportionable 
 draughts of mean and ignorant designers." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Boston, Robert. Sermons and Discourses, Edin., 
 1753, Svo. 
 
 Boston, Thomas. Serm. on 1 Thess. v. 20, 21, 
 1694, Svo. 
 
 Boston, Thomas, 1676-1732, was a native of Dunse, 
 Scotland, and educated at the University of Edinburgh. 
 He was licensed to preach in the Church of Scotland in 
 1699, accepted the parish of Simprin in the same year, 
 and in 1707 exchanged it for that of Ettrick. 
 
 Human Nature in its Fourfold State, 1720 ; many edir 
 tions. 
 
 " One of our best books for common readers. The sentences are 
 short, and the comparisons striking : the language is easy, and the 
 doctrine evangelical : the method proper, the plan comprehensive, 
 the manner searching, yet consolatory. If another celebrated 
 treatise is styled ' The Whole Duty of Man,' I would call this < The 
 Whole of Man ;' as it comprises what he was originally ; what he 
 is, by transgression ; what he should be, through grace ; and what 
 he witt be, in glory." Hervey's Dialogues. 
 
 " One of the best systems of practical divinity ever written." 
 ERASMUS MIDDLETON. 
 
 " Practical as well as evangelical." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 " One of the few felicitous productions, which, by its own in 
 trinsic claims to excellence, has wrought its way to singular pre 
 eminence in the esteem of the wise and good." LOWNDES. 
 
 Tractatus Stigmologicus Hebrseo-Biblicus, <fec., Amst., 
 1738, 4to. This Mr. B. first wrote in English, and then 
 trans, it into Latin. It refers to the accentuation of the 
 Hebrew Scriptures, in which matter he thought that he 
 ,had made an important discovery. 
 
 " After all, his scheme of literal interpretation, and his doctrine 
 of the divine origin of the points, have contributed little to the 
 better understanding of the Bible. 1 ' OHME. 
 
 Illustrations of the Doctrines of the Christian Religion, 
 Edin., 1773, 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 " The method and style conduct the imagination to the middle 
 of the preceding century. The illustrations are very plain and 
 familiar, and the strain eminently practical. . . . His Fourfold 
 State, his Treatise on the Covenants, Sermons, and other practical 
 pieces, are scriptural, and, as to sentiment, judicious. The style 
 is plain, without artificial ornament ; yet illustrations and com 
 parisons often striking." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 A Memorial concerning Personal and Family Fasting 
 and Humiliation. 
 
 " This little work, were no other copy to be had, would be worth 
 its weight in gold." 
 
 The Sermon entitled, The Crook in the Lot, has been 
 greatly commended : 
 
 " A precious treasure of practical and experimental Christianity, 
 and has ever been held in the highest estimation by all ' the poor 
 and afflicted people,' who trust in the name of the Lord." 
 
 Complete Works, now first collected, and reprinted with 
 out abridgment, including his memoirs, written by him 
 self, carefully edited by the Rev. Samuel McMillan, Lon., 
 1852, 12 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Bostwick, David, b. about 1720, d. 1763, a minister 
 of the Presbyterian Church, New York. Sermons, 1759, 
 '65, '76. A treatise in defence of Infant Baptism was 
 pub. from some of his MS. sermons after his decease. 
 
 " It is an able production." 
 
BOS 
 
 BOS 
 
 Bostwick, H., M.D., of New York. Venereal Disease, 
 N. York, 1848, 4to. Other works. 
 
 Boswell, Sir Alexander, b. 1775, eldest son of the 
 biographer of Dr. Johnson, was murdered in a duel by 
 Mr. Stuart of Dunearn, March 26, 1822. We say mur 
 dered, because we consider all deaths in duels to be cases 
 of murder, calling for the hangman's rope for the survivor. 
 If both parties escape, then perpetual imprisonment, or 
 transportation for life, should preserve society from the 
 contagion of those who so disgrace it. A wise man never 
 yet fought a duel, a courageous man very seldom. As a 
 general rule, cowards and imbeciles compose the ranks of 
 the so-called " Men of Honour." See BOSQUETT, A., ante. 
 
 Sir Alexander Boswell was a member of the Roxburghe 
 Club, one of the originators of The Warder, a celebrated 
 Scotch Tory paper, and pub. his Songs, chiefly in the 
 Scottish dialect, 1803. Edinburgh, or the Ancient Roy 
 alty, 1810. Clan Alpin's Vow, 1811. See Dibdin's Lit. 
 Reminiscences. 
 
 Boswell, Edward. Civil Division of the County 
 of Dorset, Sherborne, (1795,) 8vo. Acts of Parl. respect 
 ing Cavalry, Ac. Part 1, 1798, 12mo. 
 
 Boswell, Geo. Watering Meadows, Lon., 1780, 8vo. 
 
 " The essay possesses much merit, and has not been surpassed 
 by the usage of the present time." Donaldson's Agricult. Bwg. 
 
 Boswell, H. Antiquities of England and Wales, 
 Lon., fol. 
 
 Boswell, Miss H. The Idiot j a Novel, Lon., 1810, 
 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Boswell, James, 1740-1795, the friend and biogra 
 pher of Dr. Johnson, was a native of Edinburgh, a son 
 of a judge, who was called Lord Auchinleck from his es 
 tate, in conformity to Scottish custom. He studied law 
 at Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Utrecht, and afterwards be 
 came an advocate at the Scotch bar. Besides the great 
 work by which he will be known to the latest generations, 
 he pub. several political, legal, and literary essays. His 
 Journal of a Tour to Corsica, pub. Glasg., 1768, 8vo, was 
 received with much favour, and was trans, into the Ger 
 man, Dutch, Italian, and French languages. 
 
 " Your Journal is curious and delightful. I know not whether 
 I could name any narrative by which curiosity is better excited 
 or better gratified." Dr. Johnson to Boswell, 
 
 His introduction to Dr. Johnson occurred May 16, 1763. 
 Perhaps no one who has read Boswell's amusing account 
 of this interview will ever forget it ! It is unnecessary to 
 enter into any detail respecting a matter so well known 
 as the character of James Boswell. The reader will find 
 a review of Croker's Boswell's Johnson in the Edinburgh 
 Review for 1831, by Mr. Macaulay, in which these three 
 gentlemen are depicted with more strength of colouring 
 than accuracy of drawing. Boswell's Life of Johnson 
 did not appear until 1791, 2 vols. 4to, six years after the 
 demise of his subject. The sale from 1791 to 1805 reached 
 about 4000 copies. We cannot better occupy our space 
 than by quoting some opinions concerning this renowned 
 work. Mr. John Wilson Croker deserves great credit for 
 his excellent edition of Boswell. We venture this asser 
 tion notwithstanding the unaccountable attempt of Mr. 
 Macaulay to depreciate the value of Mr. C.'s editorial la 
 bours. We beg to present on the other side the commen 
 dation of an authority whose decision will hardly be 
 questioned : 
 
 " The edition of Boswell by my able and learned friend, Mr. 
 Croker, is a valuable accession to literature ; and the well-known 
 accuracy of that gentleman gives importance to his labours." 
 LORD BROUGHAM : article "Johnson," in Times of George III. 
 
 That Mr. Croker has occasionally lost his way in a wil 
 derness of 2500 notes, cannot be disputed ; that Mr. Ma 
 caulay is not altogether infallible, is equally certain. Our 
 warm admiration of Mr. Macaulay's remarkable powers 
 makes us the more regret that the embarras des richesses 
 the fruit of his vast erudition should render him some 
 times unable to perceive the merit of those whom he criti 
 cises. Mr. Croker's last edit, was pub. by Mr. Murray in 
 1848, 1 vol. r. 8vo. 
 
 " Boswell's Life of Johnson is the richest dictionary of wit and 
 wisdom any language can boast of; and its treasures may now be 
 referred to with infinitely greater ease than heretofore. Enlarged 
 and illuminated by the industrious researches and the sagacious 
 running criticism of Mr. Croker, it is, without doubt excepting 
 a few immortal monuments of creative genius that English book 
 which, were the Island to be sunk to-morrow with all its inhabit 
 ants, would be most prized in other days and countries by the 
 students of ' us and our history.' To the influence of Boswell we 
 owe probably three-fourths of what is most entertaining, as well 
 as no inconsiderable portion of whatever is most instructive, in 
 all the books of memoirs that have subsequently appeared. A 
 really good Indexbtis now, for the first time, been given with a book 
 that above any other wanted one ; and we pronounce this ' Bos 
 
 well' the best edition of an English book that has appeared." 
 Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 We might adduce many more testimonies to the excel 
 lence of Mr. Croker's edition. Perhaps a dozen such are 
 lying before us, but we must content ourselves with the 
 following : 
 
 "We cannot believe that any subsequent improvement will 
 ever be made upon this edition ; and we have no doubt that it will 
 excite the curiosity and reward the attention of the reading world. 
 We hope that we shall be able to repeat the saying of a distin 
 guished writer of the last age ' Every one that can buy a book 
 has bought Boswell.' " North American Review. 
 
 We add a few more commendations of Boswell's Johnson : 
 
 " I now appreciate, with a keen recollection of the pleasure which, 
 in common with every tolerably well-educated Englishman, I have 
 felt, and shall continue to my very latest hour to feel, in the pe 
 rusal of the biography of Dr. Samuel Johnson, by James Boswell, 
 his companion, his chronicler, and his friend. This fascinating, 
 and I may add truly original, composition, is a work for all times. 
 In reading it, we see the man 
 
 ' Vir ipse. . . . 
 
 Sic oculus, sic ille manus, sic ora ferebat.' 
 
 We even hear his voice, and observe his gesticulations. The growl 
 of discontent and the shout of triumph equally pervades our ears. 
 Walking, sitting, reading, writing, talking, all is Johnsonian. We 
 place Boswell's Johnson in our libraries, as an enthusiast hangs 
 up his Gerard Dow in his cabinet to be gazed at again and again ; 
 to feed upon, and to devour." Dibdin's Library Companion. 
 
 " In these memoirs of Dr. Johnson there are so many witty say 
 ings, and so many wise ones, by which the world if it pleases may 
 be at once entertained and improved, that I do not regret their 
 publication." BISHOP HORNE. 
 
 " Boswell's Life of Johnson is one of the best books in the world. 
 It is assuredly a great, a very great work. Homer is not more de 
 cidedly the first of heroic Poets, Shakspeare is not more decidedly 
 the first of Dramatists, Demosthenes is not more decidedly the 
 first of Orators, than Boswell is the first of biographers. He has 
 distanced all his competitors so decidedly that it is not worth while 
 to place them : Eclipse is first, and all the rest nowhere. We are 
 not sure that there is in the whole history of the human intellect 
 so singular a phenomenon as this book. Many of the greatest 
 men that ever lived have written biography ; Boswell was one of 
 the smallest men that ever lived, and he has beaten them all." 
 T. B. MACAULAY : Edin. Review, 1831. 
 
 " Boswell's Life of Johnson is such a masterpiece in its particu 
 lar species, as perhaps the literature of no other nation, ancient 
 or modern, could boast. It preserves a thousand precious anec- 
 dotical memorials of the state of the arts, manners, and policy 
 among us during this period ; such as must be invaluable to the 
 philosophers and antiquaries of a future age." Chalmers's Biog. 
 Diet. 
 
 " There are few books that have afforded more amusement, or 
 probably imparted more instruction, than what is usually called 
 Boswell's Life of Johnson ; which is, in fact, chiefly Boswell's repe 
 tition of the conversations of that great man whose name adorns 
 the title-page of his work. Perhaps it is only from the literary 
 productions of Johnson himself, and scarcely even from them, that 
 equal advantage is to be reaped." 
 
 Mr. Croker calls our attention to the important fact that 
 Boswell really saio very little of his great friend : 
 
 " Of above twenty years, therefore, that their acquaintance lasted, 
 periods equivalent in the whole to about three-quarters of a year 
 
 only, fell under the personal notice of Boswell It appears 
 
 from the Life, that Mr. Boswell visited England a dozen times dur 
 ing his acquaintance with Dr. Johnson, and that the number of 
 days in which they met were about 180, to which is to be added 
 the time of the TOUR, when they were together from the 18th Au 
 gust to the 22d November, 1773; in the whole about 276 days. 
 The number of pages in the separate editions of the two works is 
 2528, of which 1320 are occupied by the history of these 276; so 
 that a little less than an hundredth part of Dr. Johnson's life occu 
 pies above one-half of Mr. Boswell's work. . . . Every one must re 
 gret that his personal intercourse with his great friend was not 
 more frequent or more continued." Preface. 
 
 See Boswell's Letters to W. J. Temple, Lon., 1856, 8vo. 
 
 Boswell, James, second son of the above, edited 
 Malone's edition of Shakspeare's Plays and Poems, Lon., 
 1821, 21 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Containing a vast quantity of matter illustrative of Shakspeare 
 and his times, by various eminent authors." 
 
 He was a member of the Roxburghe Club, and pub. for 
 it Poems, by Richard Barnfield, 1816, 4to, 34 copies ; A 
 Roxburghe Garland, 1817, 12mo. See a specimen in this 
 volume of Mr. B.'s poetical talents, L'Envoy. Memoir 
 of the late Edmund Malone, Lon., 1814, 8vo, reprinted 
 from the Gent. Mag. 
 
 Boswell, John. Workes of Armorie devyded into 
 three bookes entituled, The Concords of Armorie, Tho 
 Armorie of Honor, and of Coats and Crestes, Lon., 1572- 
 97, 4to. 
 
 Boswell, John, prebendary of Wells, &c. Sermon, 
 1730, 8vo. A Method of Study, or a Useful Library, with 
 a Catalogue of Books, Lon., 1738, 2 vols. 8vo. Remarks, 
 <fcc., 1750-51. 
 
 Boswell, John. Dissertatio Inaug. de Ambra. Lugd. 
 .Bat., 1736, 4to. 
 
 Boswell, J. W. Phil. Con. to Nic. Jour., 1801, '05, '06. 
 
 Boswell, P. 1. Bees, Pigeons, Rabbits, and Canary- 
 Birds, N.York, 18mo. 2. Poultry-Yard, 18mo. 
 
BOS 
 
 Bosworth, Joseph, D.D., F.R.S., F.S.A., Ac., b. 1788, 
 in Derbyshire; grad. at Aberdeen as M.A., and subsequently 
 proceeded LL.D. in the same university. In order to 
 become a clergyman of the Church of England, he at an 
 early age taught himself Hebrew, reading the language 
 with the cognate dialects Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic. 
 Grad. as M.A. and Ph. D. at Leyden ; took the degree of 
 B.D. in Trinity Coll., Camb. 1834, and D.D. in 1839; also 
 D.D. ad eundem at Oxford in 1847. Dr. B. is a member 
 of the principal scientific and literary societies of the world. 
 1. Introduction to Latin Construing. 2. Eton Greek Gram. 
 3. Elements of Anglo-Saxon Grammar, Lon., 1823, 8vo. 
 
 " This work will prove a most valuable acquisition to the library 
 of the philologer and antiquary. The introduction, on the Origin 
 and Progress of Alphabetic Writing, displays considerable learning 
 and ability." Lon. Gent. Mag. 
 
 4. Practical Means of Reducing the Poor's Rate, 1824. 
 " We have never perused a pamphlet more replete with sound 
 
 sense and practical information than the present." Critical Gaz., 
 Sept. 1824. 
 
 5. Book of Common Prayer, English and Dutch, 12mo, 
 1838. 6. Dictionary of the Anglo-Saxon Language, 8vo, 
 1838, 42*. 
 
 " This volume contains, within a moderate compass, a complete 
 apparatus for the study of Anglo-Saxon. Copious, accurate, cheap, 
 embodying the whole results of Anglo-Saxon scholarship, there 
 is no other work of the kind, that can be put in comparison with it. 
 It is the fruit of ripe scholarship, enlarged views, and many years' 
 severe and patient labour." Edin. Rev. 
 
 7. A Compendious Anglo-Saxon and English Dictionary, 
 1848 : abridgment of No. 6. 8. Origin of the English, Ger 
 manic, and Scandinavian Nations, 1848, 8vo, 20. 9. Origin 
 of the Danish, and an Abstract of Scandinavian Literature. 
 10. Origin of the Dutch, with a Sketch of their Language 
 and Literature; 2d ed. 11. King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon 
 Version of the Compendious History of the World by 
 Orosius, 1856, 8vo, 16s. 12. Description of Europe, and 
 the Voyages of Othere and Wulfstan, written in Anglo- 
 Saxon by King Alfred the Great, 1855. Only 50 copies 
 printed, 3 3s. Dr. B. is preparing the Anglo-Saxon and 
 Moeso-Gothic Gospels in parallel columns ; also a new and 
 enlarged ed. of his Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. 
 
 Bosworth, NeAVton. Accidents of Life, Lon., 1812. 
 
 Bosworth, William. The Chast and Lost Lovers 
 lively shadowed in the Persons of "Arcadius and Sepha, 
 &c., Lon., 1561 ? 8vo. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 65, 3 13s. 6d. 
 Warton remarks that it would appear from the following 
 passage in the preface to this volume, that Christopher Mar 
 lowe was a favourite with Ben. Jonson. 
 
 " The strength of his fancy, and the shadowing of it in words, 
 he [Bosworth] taketh from Mr. Marlow in his Hero and Leander, 
 whose mighty lines Mr. Benjamin lonson (a man sensible enough 
 of his own abilities) was often heard to say that they were examples 
 fitter for admiration than for parallel." 
 
 Boteler, Edward. Sermons, 1661, '62, '64, '66. 
 
 Boteler, Nath. Sermons, 1659. Dialogues, 1685, 8vo. 
 
 Boteville, Francis, assisted Holinshed in his Chro 
 nicles. 
 
 " A man of great learning and judgment, and a wonderful lover 
 
 Botomley, S. Grace displayed, 1806. 
 
 Botoner, William, or William Worcester, b. 
 
 about 1415, d. 1490, a native of Bristol, England, studied atj 
 Hart Hall, Oxford, 1434. Cicero de Senectute, 1475, trans, 
 from the French. Itinerary ; Cantab., 1778, 8vo. Anti 
 quities of England. Abbreviations of the Learned, and 
 other works. 
 
 Bott, Edmund. Statutes and Decisions respecting 
 the Poor Laws, 1771. 
 
 Bott, Thomas, 1688-1754, a divine of the Church of 
 England, pub. theolog. works, 1724-30. His best-known 
 work is An Answer to vol. 1st of Warburton's Divine Le 
 gation of Moses, Lon., 1743, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Bott seems to proceed in what may be called a Socratic 
 Logic. He grants for a time the proposition, and helps the oppo 
 nent to confute himself, merely by showing him the absurd con 
 sequences." 
 
 Mr. Warburton made no reply to this stricture. 
 
 Bottomley, J. A Dictionary of Music, 1816. 
 
 Boucher, John, d. 1818. Twenty-two Sermons, New 
 castle, 1820, 12mo. 
 . " They are for the most part plain and parochial Discourses upon 
 some important subjects of practical religion. The author was a 
 man of superior talents and of sound learning." Vide Preface. 
 
 Boucher, Jonathan, 1738-1804, a native of Cum 
 berland, England, emigrated to America when 16, and re 
 ceiving holy orders, became rector of Hanover, then of 
 St. Mary, Virginia, and subsequently rector of St. Anne, 
 Annapolis, and Queen Anne, in Prince George's county, 
 Maryland. A View of the Causes and Consequences of 
 the American Revolution, Lon., 1797, 8vo. The Cumber 
 land Man, 1792; (anon.) Two Assize Sermons, 1799, 4to. 
 
 BOU 
 
 During the last 14 years of his life he was engaged in pre 
 paring a glossary of Provincial and Archaic words, intended 
 as a supplement to Johnson's Dictionary. He issued his 
 proposals in 1802, under the title of Linguae Anglicanae 
 Veteris Thesaurus. He did not live to complete his de- 
 sign. In 1804 the words under the letter A wer% published, 
 and in 1832 (the proprietors of the English edition of Dr. 
 Webster's Dictionary purchased Mr. B.'s MSS.) appeared 
 Boucher's Glossary of Archaic and Provincial Words, edited 
 by the Rev. J. Hunter and Joseph Stevenson, Ac., parts 
 
 1 and 2, 4to. This collection professes to contain : I. A 
 large collection of words occurring in early English Au 
 thors, not to be found in other works. II. Additional il 
 lustrations of some words which are found in those Dic 
 tionaries. III. Relics of the old language of the English 
 Nation. IV. An Introductory Essay on the origin and 
 history of the language. 
 
 Bonchery, W. Paraphrases in Deboraa et Baraci 
 Canticum, Camb., 1706, 4to. 
 
 Bonchette, Jos. British Dominions in N. America, 
 
 2 vols. 4to. Topographical D. of Lower Canada. 
 Bouchier, Barton. Outlines of Grecian History. 
 
 " A pleasing and useful introduction for young readers to a his 
 tory of larger extent, and many of maturer years may find inte 
 rest in its perusal." 
 
 Boudier, John. Plain and Practical Sermons, Lon., 
 1818, 8vo. 
 
 "Very good specimens of familiar parochial instruction." 
 Christian Remembrancer. 
 
 Boudinot, Elias, 1740-1821, an eminent philanthro 
 pist, a native of Philadelphia. Age of Revelation, or the 
 Age of Reason an Age of Infidelity, 1790; again, 1801. 
 Oration, 1793. Second Advent of the Messiah, 1815. 
 Star in the West, 1816. In this work Mr. B. expresses 
 the opinion that the N. American Indians compose the 
 Lost Tribes of Israel. 
 
 Bon s?hen, Edward. Theolog. works, Lon., 1620-73. 
 
 Boughen, Edward. Sermon, 1714, 8vo. 
 
 Boughtou, Sir C. W. B. R. Sub. of a Speech, 
 1798, 8vo. 
 
 Boughton, Sir G. B. Military and Political Con 
 siderations relative to G. Britain and her Oriental Colonies, 
 1808, 8vo. 
 
 Boult, Swinton. The Law and Practice relative to 
 Joint-Stock Companies, Lon. 
 
 " A judicious pamphlet, well timed, and written by a man evi 
 dently conversant with the subject." London Standard. 
 
 " It will be read with much interest by all who are concerned 
 in Joint-Stock Companies." AlMm. 
 
 Boulter, Hugh, 1671-1742, Bishop of Bristol, 1719, 
 Archbishop of Armagh, Lord Primate of Ireland, 1724, 
 was born in or near London, and educated at Christ Church, 
 Oxford. His character was most exemplary. He pub. 
 eleven separate sermons, 1714-22, and several charges. 
 His Letters to several Ministers of State in England, rela 
 tive to Transactions in Ireland, from 1724-38, were pub. 
 Oxf., 1769-70, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " They contain the most authentic account of Ireland for the 
 period in which they were written." Editor of the Letters. 
 
 Boulton. Vindication of a Complete History of Ma- 
 gick, Sorcery, and Witchcraft, 1722, 8vo. 
 
 Boulton, Dean of Carlisle. Three Essays on the Em 
 ployment of Time, Lon., 1754, 8vo. 
 
 Boulton, D'Arcy. Sketch of U. Canada, 1805, 4to. 
 
 Boulton, Richard. Med. and other works, Lon., 
 1697-1724. 
 
 Boulton, Samuel. Medicina magica tamen Phy- 
 sica, Lon., 1656, and 1665, 8vo. A curious work. 
 
 Boun, Abr. Tithes, 1650. The Clergy, 1651, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 15 ouneher, Samuel. Sermon, 1693, 4to. 
 
 Bound, NIC. See BOWND. 
 
 Bounden, Jos. Fatal Curiosity; a Poem, 1805, 12mo. 
 
 Bouquet, Henry. Account of the Exp. against the 
 Ohio Indians, Ac., 1766, 4to. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. 
 
 Bour, Arthur. A Worthy Myrrour, wherein ye may 
 Marke an Excellent Discourse on a Breeding Larke, Lon., 
 sine anno; broadside. 
 
 Bourchier, Sir John. See BERNERS, LORD. 
 
 Bourchier, Thomas. Historia Ecclesiastica de 
 Martyrio Fratrum Ordinis D. Francisci, Ac., Paris, 1582, 
 8vo ; in Brit. Museum and Bodleian Library. This volume 
 contains much interesting matter relative to Irish eccle 
 siastical history. 
 
 Bourke, Jos., Abp. of Tuam. Sermon, 1776, 4to. 
 
 Bourke, Lt. Gen. Sir Richard, K.C.B., assisted 
 Earl Fitzwilliam in editing the correspondence (pub. in 
 1844) of Sir Richard's illustrious relative, the great Ed 
 mund Burke. 
 
 Bourke, Thomas. History of the Moors in Spain 
 
BOU 
 
 BOU 
 
 from their Invasion of that Country till their final Expul 
 sion from it, Lon., 1811, 4to. 
 
 Bourke, Ulick, Marquis of Clanricarde. Memoirs j 
 and Letters, containing Original Papers and Letters of I 
 K. Charles II. and others from 1650 to 1653, <fec., Lon., | 
 1722, 8vo. Memoirs and Letters ; as above, 1641-53, Lon., 
 1757, foL 
 
 Bourn, Abr. Letter on the Ch. of England, 1755, 8vo. 
 Bourn, or Bourne, Immanuel, 1590-1672, a di 
 vine of the Church of England, educated at Christ Church, 
 Oxford, preached at St. Sepulchre's, London. Theolog. 
 works, 1617-69. 
 
 "This person was well read in the fathers and schoolmen." 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Bourn, Samuel, of Bolton. The Transforming Vi 
 sion of Christ in the Future State, 1722, 8vo. A Sermon, 
 1722, 8vo. 
 
 Bourn, Samuel, of Birmingham. Twenty Sermons, 
 1755, 8vo. 
 
 " The doctrine of the Destructionists is largely maintained in 
 these sermons." 
 
 Other sermons, 1738-54. 
 
 Bourn, Samuel, assistant to John Taylor, of Nor 
 wich, was the founder of a sect of Universalists, called 
 after him, Bourneans. Fifty Sermons on Various Sub 
 jects, Critical, Philosophical, and Moral, Norwich, 1777, 
 2 vols. 8vo. Other sermons, 1752, '60, '63. 
 
 " His style is strong, nervous, and manly, clear, intelligible and 
 concise, and the structure of his sentences well adapted to the 
 pulpit." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 " Specimen of a good style for sermons." JOB ORTON. 
 Bourn, Samuel. Treatises on Wheel Carriages, Lon., 
 1768, '73, 8vo. 
 
 Bourn, Thomas. Gazetteer of the most Remarkable 
 Places in the World, Lon., 1807, Svo; 3d edit., 1822, 8vo. 
 " We greatly approve this work." Lon. Critical Review. 
 "Such a body of information and entertainment within the 
 same compass, we do not remember to have seen." Lon. New 
 Monthly Mag. 
 
 Bourne, Benj. The Description and Confutation of 
 the Familists, Lon. 1646, 4to. 
 
 Bourne, Charles. 1. Proceedings, <fec. in K. Bench. 
 2. Rules, Ac. of K. Bench, 1783-85. 
 
 Bourne, Rev. Henry. Antiquitates Vulgares; or, 
 The Antiquities of the Common People, Newcastle, 1725, 
 8vo. This work was repub. in 1777, 8vo, at Newcastle, 
 with copious additions, by John Brand; again, Lon., 1810, 
 8vo; and a new edition greatly enlarged, Lon., 1813, 2 
 vols. 4to, by Sir Henry Ellis. See Quarterly Review, xi. 
 259-285 ; BRAND, JOHN. History of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 
 Newc., 1736, fol. In the compilation of this work, Mr. B. 
 was under obligations to Christopher Hunter, M.D. See 
 Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes, vol. viii. 283. 
 
 Bourne, John. Railways in India, Lon., Svo. Ca 
 techism of the Steam Engine, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 " No book ever published conveys more useful and practical in 
 formation on the subject than this Catechism. As a popular trea 
 tise, it is, beyond comparison, the best and fullest we have yet 
 seen." Lon. Railway Gazette. 
 
 Treatise on the Steam Engine, Lon., 4to. 
 " Of priceless value to engine-makers and engine-users, contain 
 ing a vast amount of practical information on the subject of the 
 steam engine, such as is to be met with nowhere else." Lon. Me 
 chanics' Mag. 
 
 Treatise on the Screw Propeller, 4to. 
 Bourne, J. C. 1. Views on the Great Western Rail 
 way, Lon., 1846, fol., 4 14. Qd. 2. Views on the London 
 and Birmingham Railway, 1839, fol., 4 14s. Qd. 
 
 Bourne, Nic. Dispute, concerning Religion, between 
 Nic. Bourne and the Ministers of the Kirk of Scotland, 
 Paris, 1581, Svo. 
 
 Bourne, Robert, M.D., 1769-1830, Oxon., 1787, 
 Professor of the Practice of Physic in the University of 
 Oxford. Introduc. Lect. to a Course on Chemistry, Lon., 
 1797, Svo. Oratio, Lon., 1797, 4to. Cases of Pulmonary 
 Consumption, Ac., Lon., 1805, Svo. 
 
 Bourne, Vincent, d. 1747, an usher in Westminster 
 school, was elected to the University of Cambridge in 1714. 
 His Latin poetry was greatly admired. Poemata, Lon., 
 1734, Svo. Poemata Latine partim reddita, partim scripta, 
 Lon., 1750, 12mo. Miscell. Poems, Originals and Trans 
 lations, Lon., 1772, 4to. Poetical Works, with his Letters, 
 Lon., 1808, 2 vols. 12mo. Cowper, who was his pupil at 
 Westminster, speaks of his poetry in the highest terms : 
 
 " I love the memory of Vinny Bourne. I think him a better 
 Latin Poet than Tibullus, Propertius, Ausonius, or any of the 
 writers in his way, except Ovid, and not at all inferior to him." 
 
 Dr. Beattie, referring to Boileau's ignorance of any good 
 poets in England till Addison presented him with the 
 Musse Anglicanse, remarks that 
 
 "Those foreigners must entertain a high opinion of our pasto- 
 224 
 
 ral poetry who have seen the translations of Vincent Bourne, par 
 ticularly those of the ballads of Tweedside. William aud Margaret, 
 and Rowe's Despairing beside a clear stream, of which it is no com 
 pliment to say. that in sweetness of numbers, and elegant expres 
 sion, they are at least equal to the originals, and scarce inferior to 
 any thing in Ovid or Tibullus." Seattle's Essays. See also Hay- 
 ley's Life of Cowper; Welch's Westminster Scholars; Cauta- 
 brigienses Graduati ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Bourne, William. Almanack for 1571, '72, '73, Lon., 
 1571, Svo. Inuentions, or Deuises, 1578, 4to. The Trea 
 sure for Travellers, 1578, 4to. A curious work. Alma- 
 nacke for 10 years, 1580, Svo. A Regiment for the Sea, 
 1584, 4to. The Arte of Shooting in Great Ordinance, 
 1587, 4to. 
 
 Bourns, Charles. The Principles and Practice of 
 Surveying, Lon., Svo, 3d edit. 
 
 " It contains all that is required to render it not only a source 
 of instruction, but also a most excellent work of reference." 
 Mining Journal. 
 
 " On Engineering Surveying there is much valuable informa 
 tion, which subject has hitherto been strangely neglected." Dub 
 lin Packet. 
 
 Bouse, Henry. Lett, to Ld. King on Bankers, 1804. 
 Bousell, John. Quaker works, 1790-93, Svo. 
 Bousfield, Benj. Obs. on Burke's Pamph., Lon., 
 1791, Svo. 
 
 Boutcher, Wm. On Forest Trees j with Directions 
 for planting Hedges, &c., Lon., 1772, 4to. 
 
 Boutell, Rev. Charles. Christian Monuments in 
 England and Wales, Lon., r. Svo. The Monumental Brasses 
 of England ; 149 engravings on wood, r. Svo, and fol. 
 
 " Each number of Mr. Boutell's collection might form the text 
 of a monograph on Medieval Costume in its three great divisions, 
 Military, Ecclesiastical, and Secular ."-Archieoloffical Journal, vol. 
 vi. p. 91. 
 
 Monumental Brasses and Slabs ; with 200 illustrations, 
 Svo, and r. Svo. 
 
 "The whole work has a look of painstaking completeness, 
 highly commendable." London Athenaeum. 
 
 Bouverie, Sophia. St. Justin, Lon., 1808,3 vols.!2mo. 
 Bouvet, T. 1. Muscovite Empire. 2. Life of Emperor 
 Cang-hy, Lon., 1699, Svo. At the time when this work was 
 published, very little was known of China and its people. 
 Within the last twenty years (1836-56) many valuable 
 works on these subjects have appeared. 
 
 Bouvier, Hannah M., b. 1811, at Philadelphia, only 
 child of the succeeding, and the inheritor of his ardent love 
 of knowledge, devotion to study, and remarkable powers 
 of mental analysis, in addition to the ordinary routine of 
 a liberal education, has cultivated with eminent success 
 the higher branches of astronomical science. In 1857, she 
 gave to the world the results of her studious application in 
 a volume entitled Familiar Astronomy; or, An Intro 
 duction to the Study of the Heavens, Illustrated by Celes 
 tial Maps and upwards of 200 finely-executed Engravings. 
 To which is added A Treatise on the Globes, and a Com 
 prehensive Astronomical Dictionary, [with a copious 
 Index,] for the Use of Schools, Families, and Private Stu 
 dents, Phila., 1857, Svo, pp. 499. This admirable manual 
 at once elicited the enthusiastic commendation of many of 
 the most distinguished astronomers both in Great Britain 
 and America, viz. : Lord Rosse, Sir John F. W. Herschel, 
 Sir David Brewster, Rear-Admiral W. H. Smyth, J. Russell 
 Hind, John Narrien, G. B. Airy, J. P. Nichol, Dr. Lardner, 
 Dr. Dick, William Lassell, George Bishop, A. De Morgan, 
 Rev. W. R. Dawes, W. C. Bond, B. A. Gould, Jr., Lieut, 
 Maury, Denison Olmsted, W. H. C. Bartlett, Stephen Alex 
 ander, and Elias Loomis. We annex a few quotations from 
 these opinions : 
 
 " I consider it a work of great value. It is evidently the result 
 of a careful consideration, not only of the different branches of 
 astronomy properly so called, (as embodied in the publication of 
 various kinds which have attracted great attention in the present 
 day, especially the records of new classes and with new insti u- 
 ments,) but also of the collateral sciences, optics, for example. 
 So far as I know, no work which I have seen, of a partly-familiar 
 character, contains so much accurate information on astronomy." 
 GEO. BIDDELL AIRY, Astronomer Royal of England, Nov. 4, 185C. 
 " I consider it a work very well calculated to give an accurate 
 knowledge of the principal facts of astronomy and to prepare a 
 young student for the perusal of works of a more abstruse and 
 technical nature." SIR JOHN F. W. HERSCIIEL, March 2, 1857. 
 
 "'Familiar Astronomy' is a work exhibiting the scientific zeal 
 and intelligence of its author; and from the method of question 
 and answer it appears to be admirably adapted for teaching that 
 delightful science." REAR-ADMIRAL W. H. SMYTH. 
 
 " I have inspected the greater part of the volume, and have formed 
 a very high opinion of it and of the genius and laborious investiga 
 tions of the authoress. It is a work which embraces almost everj 
 thing requisite for imparting to general readers a knowledge ol 
 every branch of astronomical science; and the information it com 
 municates is both ample and correct. The volume is handsomely 
 got up: the pictorial illustrations are beautiful and accurate, par 
 ticularly those which exhibit the nebulae and other phenomena ot 
 the sidereal heavens." Dii. DICK, Dec. 27, 1856. 
 
BOU 
 
 BOW 
 
 "The leading facts of astronomy tip to the present time are ac 
 curately and clearly stated : and in the selection of materials, the 
 arrangement and style, the work appears to be the best elementary 
 book I have seen." LORD ROSSE, the owner of the great Mosse 
 Telescope. 
 
 " In this list we must not omit mention of a remarkable Ameri 
 can woman, who has achieved signal success in the science of 
 astronomy, who, in fact, may justly be termed the Mary Somer- 
 ville of the United States." TRUBNER : Bibliographical Guide, 
 new ed., 1858. 
 
 Bouvier, John, 1787-1851, Recorder of the City of 
 Philadelphia, Associate Judge of the Court of Criminal 
 Sessions in the same city, and an eminent legal writer, 
 was a native of the village of Codognan in the department 
 of Gard, in the south of France. Having been a resident 
 of America since his 15th year, and identifying his name 
 with American and English jurisprudence, we need make 
 no apology for enrolling the name of Judge Bouvier in a 
 list of British and American authors. The first indication 
 which John Bouvier exhibited of that remarkable power 
 of analysis which eminently distinguished his mind, was 
 the production of an abridgment of Blackstone's Commen 
 taries, the fruit of his leisure hours whilst preparing for 
 admission to the bar. In 1839 he pub. a work, which, 
 with all the rest of his useful and laborious compilations, 
 has attained great and deserved popularity : 
 
 A Law Dictionary, adapted to the Constitution and 
 Laws of the United States of America, and of the several 
 States of the American Union ; with References to the 
 Civil and other Systems of Foreign Law. Phila., 2 vols. 
 4th edit, revised, improved, and greatly enlarged, Phila., 
 1853, 2 vols. r. 8vo. The following excellent mottoes, 
 than which nothing better could have been chosen, appear 
 on the title-page : 
 
 " Ignorantis terminis ignorantur et ars." Co. LITT. 2 a. 
 
 " Je sais que chaque science et chaque art a ses termes propres, 
 inconnu au commun des hommes." FLEURY. 
 
 A layman's commendation of a profound professional 
 work very properly carries with it but little weight. For 
 this cause, and other obvious reasons, we have always 
 preferred, in our Encyclopaedia, to adduce the opinions of 
 eminent authorities upon works respecting which similar 
 pursuits had authorized a judgment at once intelligent and 
 ex cathedra. 
 
 " Immediately on its appearance, this work received the entire 
 and cordial approval of our most eminent jurists, such as Story and 
 Kent, Greenleaf, Randall, and Baldwin, and was received with 
 equal approbation in other lands. Joy^ the distinguished Irish 
 writer of ' Letters on Legal Education in England and Ireland.' not 
 only commended it in his volume as a ' work of a most elaborate 
 character as compared with English works of a similar nature,' 
 but in a private letter to its author expressed his sense of his high 
 reputation. To this work the Judge had devoted the most unre 
 mitting labour for ten years ; and during the remainder of his life 
 he spent much time on its improvement. Many of its articles 
 were rewritten, and large additions made to it, so that the fourth edi 
 tion may be said to be the work of nearly a quarter of a century." 
 From the National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans. 
 
 " Bouvier's Law Dictionary is the best book of the kind in use 
 for the American lawyer. It contains sufficient reference to Eng 
 lish and foreign law, with a very full synopsis of such portions of 
 American jurisprudence as require elucidation. In the second 
 edition the author recast many of the titles, and added about a 
 thousand new ones. By means of correspondence with members 
 of the bar in different states, and by a careful examination of local 
 
 ?atises, the author has produced not only a good American Law 
 JJichonary, but one sufficiently local for all practical purposes." 
 Marvin's Legal Bibliography, p. 138. 
 
 Extract of a Letter to Judge Bouvier from Chief Justice Story: 
 
 "A. very important and most useful addition to our judicial 
 literature. It supplies a defect in our libraries, where the small 
 dictionaries are so brief as to convey little information of an accu 
 rate nature to students, and the large ones are rather compen- 
 diums of the law, than explanatory statements of terms. Yours 
 has the great advantage of an intermediate character. It defines 
 terms, and occasionally explains subjects, so as to furnish students 
 at once the means and the outlines of knowledge. I will feel 
 greatly honoured by the dedication of the work to 'me, &c. With 
 the highest respect, truly your obliged friend, JOSEPH STORY " 
 
 " I have run over almost every article in it, and beg leave to add 
 that I have been deeply impressed with the evidences throughout 
 the volumes, of the industry, skill, learning, and judgment with 
 which the work has been compiled." CHANCELLOR KENT. 
 
 " Not only the best which has been published, but in itself a 
 valuable acquisition to the bar and bench, by which both will 
 profit." HON. JUDGE BALDWIN, U. S. Supreme Court. 
 
 " One of the most useful works of the kind in print." HON 
 JUDGE RANDALL, U. S. District Court. 
 
 " For extent of research, clearness of definitions and illustration, 
 variety of matter and exactness of learning, it is not surpassed by 
 any in use, and, on every account, I think, is preferable to them 
 all." HON. JUDGE GREENLEAF. 
 
 In 1841 Judge Bouvier undertook the laborious task of 
 the preparation of a new edition of Bacon's Abridgment 
 of the Law, in 10 r. 8vo volumes, including about 8,000 
 pages. One of these volumes was edited by Judge Ran 
 dall ; and Mr. Robert E. Peterson, the well-known pub 
 
 lisher of Philadelphia, a son-in-law of Judge Bouvier, 
 took charge of a portion of another volume. With this 
 exception, the whole of this Herculean task devolved upon 
 our indefatigable author, who completed it in the intervals 
 of business in only four years ! 
 
 " Among other improvements, he prepared the first index it ever 
 had, for each volume, and a general one for the whole. A single 
 sentence as to the character of this work, as it came from his hands, 
 would be entirely superfluous." See BACON, MATTHEW. 
 
 Judge Bouvier had now earned a substantial claim to 
 the gratitude of the profession, by the laborious zeal with 
 which he had endeavoured to provide for the student a 
 clue through the apparently interminable labyrinth of 
 statute and common law. But he had long felt the need 
 of a compendious, yet easily comprehensible, summary of 
 American law, which should at once serve as a guide to 
 the youthful student, and as a convenient digest of know 
 ledge, perhaps acquired in earlier years, but now partially 
 forgotten, by the "Gamaliels of the profession." The 
 mind of no man can be guaranteed as " marble to retain," 
 and between that which we never knew, and that which 
 we know not when we need it, there is for practical pur 
 poses but little difference. 
 
 The analytical system of Pothier was held by our author 
 in great admiration. His mind was essentially of the same 
 cast delighting in rigid analysis of subject, scrupulous 
 care in classification, and severe accuracy in definition 
 and terminology. It is well known that the compilers of 
 the Code Napoleon owe much of the credit which has re 
 warded their labours to the Pandectae Justin ianeae, and 
 other works of Pothier. Judge Bouvier determined to 
 undertake a compend of American Law, based upon the 
 method of Pothier. Finding his own views as to the sys 
 tematical arrangement of legal subjects confirmed by so 
 eminent an authority, he was strengthened by that en 
 couragement which mental assimilation always confers 
 upon men of remarkable grasp of intellect. When con 
 templating "enterprises of great pith and moment/' it is 
 a great satisfaction to the adventurer to find that others 
 have been inflamed by the same zeal, and buoyed up under 
 difficulties by a like hope. The sailor who "hugs the 
 coast," cares little for companionship; but he who en 
 counters a fellow-mariner on the wide waste of waters feels 
 the consolations of sympathy and continues his voyage 
 with renewed courage. That we may not be suspected of 
 under-estimation of labours of which we must necessarily 
 be an incompetent judge, we shall strengthen our position 
 by some brief extracts from some of the most learned "opi 
 nions" of which the American bench and bar can boast. 
 
 The Institutes of American Law was pub. in 1851, in 4 
 vols. 8vo. The author may be said to have " died in the 
 harness :" in two months after he had the gratification of 
 seeing the result of his arduous labours given to the world, 
 he was gathered to the "house appointed for all living." 
 
 " It is a work of very great value. . . . The general plan, and the 
 order and arrangement of the subjects of which it treats, could 
 I not, I think, be improved. And I may say the same thing of the 
 | manner in which the plan is carried into execution. For every 
 principle and rule is stated with brevity and perspicuity, and sup 
 ported by proper reference." HON. ROGER B. TANEY, Chief Justice 
 of the United States. 
 
 " I know of no work which shows so much research, and which 
 embodies so generally the elementary principles of American Law, 
 as the Institutes of Mr. Bouvier. His name is most favourably 
 known to the profession by his previous works ; and I am greatly 
 mistaken if his Institutes shall not add to his high reputation as 
 an able and learned law-writer. The Institutes ought not only to 
 be found in the hands of every student of law, but on the shelf 
 of every lawyer." HON. JOHN MCLEAN, Associate Judge of the Su 
 preme Court of the United States. 
 
 " It forms a valuable addition to legal science, and is well calcu 
 lated to become a text-book for students." HON. JOHN M. READ. 
 
 Judges Wayne, Greenleaf, Green, Grier, Irwin, and Kane, 
 add their testimony to the high authorities quoted above. 
 
 Bovet, Richard. Pandaemonium, or the Devil's Cloy- 
 ster ; being a Further Blow to Modern Sadduceism, proving 
 the Existence of Witches and Spirits, Lon., 1684, 8vo. 
 
 Bovyer, R. G. Education for the Infant Poor, 1811. 
 
 Bowack, John. Antiquities of Middlesex: Parts 1 
 and 2, all pub., Lon., 1705, fol. 
 
 Bowater, John. Sermon, Lon., 1694, 8vo. 
 
 Bowber, Thomas. Sermon, 1805, 4to. 
 
 Bowchier,Josh. Haereticus Triumphatus,0xon.,1719. 
 
 Bowchier, Richard. Sermon, Lon., 1692, 4to. 
 
 Bowden, A. Treatise on the Dry Rot, Lon., 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Bowden, James. Covenant-Right of Infants as to 
 Baptism, Lon., 12mo. Family Conversations, 12mo. His 
 tory of the Society of Friends in America, p. 8vo. Reli 
 gious Education Enforced, 12mo. 
 
 Bowden, John. Epitaph- Writer ; containing 600 
 
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 Epitaphs, Moral, Admonitory, Humorous, and Satirical, 
 Lon., 1791, 12mo. 
 
 Bowden, John. Serm., 1704, '15? 
 
 Bowden, John, D.D., d. 1817, aged 65, Professor of 
 Belles-Lettres and Moral Philosophy in Columbia College, 
 New York, was an Episcopal clergyman for more than forty 
 years. In 1787, he was rector of Norwalk. He was elected 
 Bishop of Connecticut, but, as he declined, Dr. Jarvis was 
 appointed. Dr. B. pub. A Letter to E. Styles, 1787, and 
 The Apostolic Origin of Episcopacy, in a Series of Letters 
 
 to Dr. Miller, 2 vols. 8vo, 1808. 
 Bowden, John William. 
 
 The Life and Pontificate 
 
 of Gregory VII., [Hildebrand,] 2 vols. 8vo, Lon, 1840. See 
 a review in Brit Critic, xxix. 280. 
 
 Bowden, Joseph. Serms., Lon., 1804, 8vo. Prayers 
 and Discourses for the Use of Families, 1816, 8vo. 
 
 The subjects of these Sermons are of a practical nature, and 
 the preacher discourses on them with calmness and simplicity." 
 Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 Bowden, Thomas. The Farmer's Director; or, Com 
 pendium of English Husbandry, Lon., 8vo. Donaldson 
 (in Agricult. Biog.) places this work under 1803 and also 
 under 1809. 
 
 Bowdich, Thomas Edward, 1790-1824, a native 
 of Bristol. 1. Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee, 
 Lon., 1819, 4to. 
 
 " A work of considerable importance, from the account it gives 
 us of a people hitherto almost entirely unknown, and from the 
 light which the very diligent and laborious inquiries of Mr. Bow 
 dich have thrown upon the geography of Africa." Edin. Rev. 
 
 2. Trans. Mollien's Travels to the Sources of the Senegal 
 and Gambia. 3. British and French Expedition to Teembo. 
 4. Account of the Discoveries of the Portuguese in Angola 
 and Mozambique, 1824, 8vo. 5. Excursions in Madeira 
 and Porto Santo, Ac., 1825, 4to. This was pub. by his 
 widow. Three works, illustrated, on Mammalia, Birds, 
 and Shells. Other works and essays. 
 
 Bowditch, Nathaniel, LL.D., 1773-1838, a native 
 of Salem, Massachusetts, has won an enduring reputation 
 by his translation of, accompanied with a commentary on, 
 the Mecanique Celeste of La Place, pub. in 4 large 4to 
 vols., Boston, 1829, '32, '34, '38. The example of Bowditch 
 should operate as a stimulus to the ambition of every un 
 educated youth who desires tp supply the defects of earlier 
 years. The son of a cooper, he was taken from school at 
 the age of ten years, and apprenticed to a ship-chandler. 
 On attaining his majority, he went to sea as an inferior 
 officer in a merchant vessel. So great was his thirst for 
 knowledge, and so accurate his powers of observation, 
 that he had arranged an Almanac, complete in all its parts, 
 at the age of 15. His first publication was The Practical 
 Navigator. 
 
 " Scarcely surpassed in usefulness by any of the time, and im 
 mediately driving all others of the same class out of circulation." 
 N. American Review. 
 
 The English edit, of this work, edited by Kirby, was 
 pub. in London by Mr. Hardy, 1802, 8vo. By accident he 
 obtained a copy of Newton's Principia, and taught himself 
 Latin that he might read the work, and he made a transla 
 tion of the whole. 
 
 He made four voyages to the East Indies, and one to 
 Europe, and at the age of 30 became President of an In 
 surance Company in his native town. This office he held 
 for twenty years, when he was transferred to the place of 
 Actuary of the Massachusetts Life Insurance Company, 
 which post he held for the rest of his life. He lived to 
 superintend through the press the whole of his translation 
 of La Place, with the exception of the pages post 1000 of 
 vol. iv. The expense of publication was estimated at 
 $10,000, (which it exceeded,) and although the American 
 Academy of Arts and Sciences and some of his personal 
 friends offered to issue the work at their own cost, he de 
 clined their liberal proposal, and determined, with the 
 consent of his family, to undertake it himself. Their 
 decision as to whether he should expend one-third of 
 his fortune in this enterprise deserves to be recorded. 
 His wife, without whose encouragement Bowditch often 
 declared his great work would never have seen the light, 
 urged him to give the result of his labours to the world, 
 and promised to make any sacrifice which would facilitate 
 his plans. His children urged him to go on: "We value 
 your reputation more than your money," was their noble 
 response. The work was most favourably received. 
 
 " The idea of undertaking a translation of the whole Mecanique 
 Celeste, accompanied throughout with a copious running comment 
 ary, is one which savours, at first sight, of the gigantesque, and is 
 certainly one which, from what we have hitherto had reason to 
 conceive of the popularity and diffusion of mathematical know 
 ledge on the opposite shores of the Atlantic, we should never have 
 
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 expected to have originated or, at least, to have been carried into 
 execution in that quarter. The first volume only has as yet 
 reached us; and when we consider the great difficulty of printing 
 works of this nature, to say nothing of the heavy and probably 
 unremunerated expense, we are not surprised at the delay of the 
 second. Meanwhile, the part actually completed (which contains 
 the first two books of Laplace's work) is. with few and slight ex 
 ceptions, just what we could have wished to see an exact and 
 careful translation into very good English exceedingly well 
 printed, and accompanied with notes appended to each page, which 
 leave no step in the text of moment unsupplied, and hardly any 
 material difficulty either of conception or reasoning uuelucidated. 
 To the student of ' Celestial Mechanism' such a work must be in 
 valuable." Lon. Quarterly Review, vol. xlvii. 1832. 
 
 See Review by B. Peirce in N. American Review, xlviii. 
 143 : also notices of Bowditch, in American Jour, of 
 Science, xxxv. 1 ; Hunt's Mag., i. 33 ; Am. Almanac, 1836, 
 228; Amer. Quar. Reg., xi. 309; Oration by Mr. Pickering 
 before the American Academy; Discourse by Judge White; 
 Private Memoir by N. I. Bowditch, Bost., 1839. 
 
 Bowditch, Nathaniel Ingersoll, eldest son of the 
 preceding, b. in Salem, Mass., removed to Boston, 1823. 1. 
 Memoir of Nathaniel Bowditch, prefixed to Mecanique C6- 
 leste, 1839; 2d ed., 1840, 4to. 2. History of the Massa 
 chusetts General Hospital, 1851, 8vo. 3. Suffolk Surnames, 
 Bost., 1857 ; 2d ed., enlarged, 1858, 8vo. 
 
 Bowditch, Samuel. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1713. 
 Bowdler, Miss E. Sermons on the Doctrine and 
 Duties of Christianity, Lon., 1828, 12mo. Of these Ser 
 mons, 43 editions had been sold in 1836. Bishop Porteus 
 admired them so highly that he directed the publisher to 
 inform their clerical author that he would provide him 
 with " a living" in his gift. Poems and Essays, &c. 
 
 Bowdler, Mrs. H. M. Practical Observations on 
 the Revelation of St. John; 2d edit., Bath, 1800, 12mo. 
 Designed for those who have not leisure or inclination to 
 examine the prophetical meaning of the Apocalypse. 
 
 " Many such readers will doubtless be found ; and whoever 
 takes up the book with a serious mind, will be edified by the good 
 sense, piety, and modesty of the writer." Brit. Ct itic, O. S. vol. xvi. 
 Pen Tamar, or the History of an Old Maid, Lon., 8vo. 
 " Written with great simplicity." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 Other works. 
 
 Bowdler, John. Reform or Ruin, Lon., 1779, 8vo. 
 Bowdler, John, Jr., barrister. Select Pieces in 
 Prose and Verse, Lon., 1818, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "The peculiar value of these volumes is the combination of 
 talent, of taste, and of piety which they exhibit." Lon. Q. Rev. 
 Theological Tracts, 1818, 12mo. 
 " An able writer." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Bowdler, Thomas, 1782-1857. Serms. on the Nature, 
 Offices, and Character of Jesus Christ, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Other works. 
 
 Bowdler, Thos., 1754-1825. Letters from Holland, 
 Lon., 1788, 8vo. Life of General Villettes, &c., 1815, 8vo. 
 iberty, Civil and Religious, 1816, 8vo. The Family 
 shakspeare; in which nothing is added to the original 
 Text; but those Words and Expressions are omitted which 
 cannot with Propriety be read aloud in a Family, Lon., 
 8 vols. 8vo, 4 14. 6d. ; and 10 vols. r. 18mo, 3 3*. 
 
 We are of opinion, that it requires nothing more than a notice, 
 to bring this very meritorious publication into general circulation. 
 Lt is quite undeniable, that there are many passages, in Shaks- 
 peare, which a father could not read aloud to his children ; a bro 
 ther to his sister; or a gentleman to a lady. Mr. Bowdler has 
 only effaced those gross indecencies which every one must have 
 felt as blemishes, and by the removal of which no imaginable ex 
 cellence can be affected. So far from being missed on their re 
 moval, the work generally appears more natural and harmonious 
 without them." Earn. Rev.,No. 71. See Athen. 1858, Pt, 2, 233. 
 
 Family Gibbon ; reprinted from the Original Text, with 
 the careful Omission of all Passages of an irreligious or 
 immoral Tendency, 5 vols. 8vo, 3 3. 
 
 Bowdoin, James, 1727-1790, Governor of Massa 
 chusetts, was author of a poetic Paraphrase of the Econo 
 my of Human Life, 1759. He also pub. a philosophical 
 discourse, addressed to the American Academy of Arts 
 and Sciences in Boston, 1780 the year in which he be 
 came president of the Institution. This, and several other 
 papers of his, will be found in the first vol. of the Society's 
 Memoirs. 
 
 " These productions manifest no common taste and talents in 
 astronomical inquiries." 
 
 Bowdoin, James, 1752-1811, son of the preceding? 
 minister of the United States to Spain, pub. a trans, of 
 Dauberton's Advice to Shepherds ; Opinions respecting 
 the Commercial Intercourse between the United States 
 and Great Britain, (anon.) 
 
 Bowen, Mrs. Kenilworth Castle, and other Poems, 
 Lon., 8vo. Ystradffin ; a Descriptive Poem, 8vo. 
 Bowen, Captain. A Statement of Facts, 1791, 8vo. 
 Bowen, Eli, b. 1824, iu Lancaster co., Penn. 1. Coal 
 
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 Regions of Pennsylvania, 8vo. 2. The U. S. Post-Office 
 System, 8vo. 3. Pictorial Sketeh-Book of Pennsylvania, 
 Svo. 4. Rambles in the Path of the Steam-Horse, 8vo. 
 
 Bo wen, Emanuel. English Atlas, Lon., 1747, 2 
 vols. fol. A Complete Atlas, Lon., 1752, foL 
 
 Bowen, Francis, b. Sept. 8, 1811, at Charlestown 
 Mass, j grad. at Harvard Coll., 1833 ; Alford Prof, of Na 
 tural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and Civil Polity in Har 
 vard Coll. ; editor of the N. Amer. Rev., 1843-54. Essays 
 on Speculative Philosophy, Bosk, 1842, 12mo: see notice in 
 Eclec. Mag., v. 215. Virgil, with English Notes, Bosk, Svo 
 Lowell Lectures on the Application of Metaphysical and 
 Ethical Science to the Evidences of Religion, Bost.,1849, Svo. 
 See notices in Chris. Exam., xlviii. 88 ; Chris. Rev., xv. 78. 
 " Mr. Bowen's Lectures were received with very great satisfaction, 
 as they were delivered before auditors fit, and yet not few. Now 
 that they are in print, we believe that they will be regarded as ex 
 hibiting signal ability, and as possessing very high merits, by 
 those who, not having been hearers, shall give them a careful pe 
 rusal. . . . We shall be disappointed if his volume is not received 
 as a most valuable contribution to speculative philosophy, not 
 merely by men of the conservative and cautious schools, but by 
 the mass of those deliberate and unprejudiced readers who know 
 not that they belong to any party. . . . We commend this volume, 
 first of all, because it is written in the vernacular tongue, in 
 good, wholesome English. It is free from barbarisms, Ger 
 manisms, and all affectations. The author knew what he wished 
 to say, and he said it in a way to let us know what it was." 
 Christian Examiner. 
 
 To Mr. Bowen we are indebted for an edition, revised 
 and corrected, with an addition of a History of the U. 
 States, of Dr. Weber's Outlines of Universal History, 
 Boston, r. Svo. 
 
 Documents of the Constitution of England and America 
 from Magna Charta to the Federal Constitution of 1789, 
 compiled and edited, with Notes, Cambridge, 1854, Svo. 
 Dugald Stewart's Elements of the Philosophy of the 
 Human Mind; revised and abridged, with Critical and 
 Explanatory Notes, for the Use of Colleges and Schools, 
 Bust, and Camb., 12mo, 1854. Principles of Political 
 Economy Applied to the Condition, Resources, and Insti 
 tutions of the American People, Bost., 1856, 8vo. See 
 favourable reviews in Christian Examiner, and North 
 American Review, April, 1856. 
 
 "Francis Bowen is a clear, forcible, independent thinker, and 
 has much precision and energy of style. His contributions on 
 metaphysical subjects, and on the principles of law and govern 
 ment, are of a very high character. He is a man of large acquire 
 ments both in literature and philosophy." Qriswcbft P>-ose- Wri 
 ters of America. 
 
 Bowen, James, Surgeon. Con. to Med. Com., 1785. 
 Bowen, Malcom. Construction of Sails of Ships, 
 1805, 4to. 
 
 Boweu, Pardon, M.D., 1757-1826, R.I., pub. an 
 elaborate account of the Yellow Fever of Providence, in 
 Hosack's Med. Reg., vol. iv. See Thacher's Med. Biog. 
 
 BoAven, Samuel. Sermon on Ps. xviii. 46, Svo. 
 ^ Bowen, T. J. Central Africa: Adventures and Mis 
 sionary Labors in Several Countries in the Interior of Africa 
 from 1849 to 1856, Charleston, S.C., 1857, 12mo. 
 
 "On the whole, we can commend r the book as fit and seasonable." 
 Lon. Athenaeum, July 4, 1857. 
 
 Bowen, Thomas. Thoughts on the Necessity of 
 Moral Discipline in Prisons as Preliminary to the Reli 
 gious Instruction of Offenders, Lon., 1777-98, Svo. Ser 
 mons, 1798-99, 4to. Bethlehem Hospital, 1783, 4to. 
 
 Bower, Alex. An Account of the Life of James 
 Beattie, LL.D, in which are occasionally given Characters 
 of the Principal Literary Men and a Sketch of the State 
 of Literature in Scotland during the last century, 1804, Svo. 
 " This narrative will be perused with pleasure by those who are 
 satisfied with plain facts recorded in plain language." London 
 Monthly Review, 1805. 
 
 The Life of Luther; with an Account of the Early Pro 
 gress of the Reformation, Svo. 
 
 History of the University of Edinburgh, 3 vols. Svo 
 Bower, Archibald, 1686-1766, a native of Dundee, 
 Scotland, was educated at the Scots College, Douay, re 
 moved to Rome in 1706, and became a Jesuit in 1712. In 
 1726 he came to England, having fled from the Inquisition 
 at Macerata, of which he was an officer, and about 1732 
 he conformed to the Church of England. He was read 
 mitted into the order of the Jesuits about 1744, after 
 which he again became a Protestant. His wife declared 
 that he died in the Protestant faith ; his will contains no 
 declaration as to his final religious opinions. It is difficult 
 to tell what degree of credit to allow either to his repre 
 sentations or to the charges of his enemies, but there is : 
 enough doubt upon the subject to prevent his being very 
 zealously claimed by either the Church of England or 
 that of Rome. 
 
 Whilst living with Lord Aylmer, he undertook the charge 
 of the Historia Literaria; or an Exact and Early Account 
 of the most Valuable Books published in the several Parts 
 of Europe : pub. monthly, 1730-34, 4 vols. Svo. He wrote 
 the preface to this work, and several of the articles in 
 Italian, being as yet unskilled in the English language. 
 See Review of Reviews, by the author of this Dictionary, in 
 Putnam's Monthly Mag., New York, vol. i. and ii., 1853-54. 
 From 1734 to 1744 he was employed by the proprietors 
 of the Universal History, in writing for that work the 
 Roman History, which Psalmanazar (who wrote most of 
 the other portions of the Ancient History in that collec 
 tion) declares that he did very ill. See Psalmanazar's 
 Life, p. 308. Bower also edited the second edition of the 
 Universal History, and received 200 for doing very little, 
 and that done so badly as to require careful revision. The 
 value of this extensive series, 1749-66, bound in 65 vols., 
 sometimes in a fewer number, is not to be disputed. 
 
 " I generally consult the Universal History, a work of great 
 merit,and perhaps not sufficiently valued." ButUr't HorceBiblicce. 
 " Consult the volumes of the Universal History, where you will 
 find, either in the text or references, every historical information 
 which can well be required." Pro/. Smyth's Lect, on Modern Hist. 
 Warburton refers to "the infamous rhapsody, called the 
 Universal History miserable trash," but of all Literary 
 Bull Dogs, perhaps the bosom friend of Pope was the most 
 dogmatic. Gibbon's opinion draws a just discrimination : 
 " The excellence of the first part of the Universal History is ge 
 nerally admitted. The History of the Macedonians is executed 
 with much erudition, taste, and judgment. The history would be 
 invaluable, were all its parts of the same merit." Miscell. Works. 
 Mr. Swinton gave Dr. Johnson a list of the authors, which 
 will be found in a note from the doctor to Nichols, Dec. 6, 
 1784. (BoswelPs Johnson.) Bower now turned his atten 
 tion to the publication of a History of the Popes, a portion 
 of which he says he had prepared whilst at Rome. This 
 work was pub. at intervals from 1748-66, 7 vols. 4to. In 
 the year in which his 1st vol. appeared, he was appointed 
 Librarian to Queen Caroline. This history led to a warm 
 controversy. His character was attacked as entirely un 
 worthy of credit, and sufficient evidence was produced to 
 ruin his reputation with the public at large, notwithstand 
 ing his exculpatory pamphlets, (pub. 1756-61.) His tried 
 friend, Lord Lyttelton, however, refused to credit any 
 thing against Bower : 
 
 " The merit of the work will bear it up against all these attacks' 
 and as to the ridiculous story of my having discarded him, the in 
 timate friendship in which we continue to live will be a sufficient 
 
 answer to that, and better than any testimony formally given " 
 
 Lord Lyttdlon to Dr. Doddridge, Oct. 1751. 
 
 In 1757 an abridgment of the first four vols. of the His 
 tory of the Popes was pub. in French, at Amsterdam. An 
 idea of the incompetency of the author for the production 
 of a great historical work, may be inferred from the fact 
 that he compresses the eventful history of the Church from 
 1600 to 1758 into 26 pages ! 
 
 When Bower can confirm his position by history, we 
 ?ive him credence ; where his assertions only are in court, 
 we give the accused the benefit of the doubt. See the 
 Rev. Henry Temple's strictures, entitled Bower Detected 
 is an Historian ; or, His Many Essential Omissions and 
 More Essential Perversions of Facts in Favour of Popery 
 Demonstrated, Lon., 175S, Svo; also see DOUGLASS, 
 BISHOP. 
 
 Bower, Edward. Dr. Lamb Revived, <fcc. : 2 tracts 
 upon Witchcraft, Lon., 1653, 4to. 
 Bower, John. Con. to Annals of Med., 1802. 
 Bower, John, Jr. Abbey of Melrose, 1813, Svo. 
 BoAver, Thomas, M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1717. 
 Bower, Walter. Prologues in John Fordun's Scoti 
 Dhron., edit. Tho. Hearne : see FORDUN, J. On Fordun's 
 work much of the early history of Scotland is founded. 
 Bower, William. Miscell. Tracts, Lon., 1788, 4to. 
 Bowerbank, John. Journal on the Bellerophon, 1815. 
 Bowerbank, John Scott, b. 1797, in London, a 
 distinguished naturalisk Contrib. valuable papers to the 
 Entomological Mag., Trans. Microscopical Soc., (princi 
 pally on the Sponges,) Trans. Geol. Soc., Trans. Pala>on- 
 ographical Soc., which he founded in 1848, and to 
 Mag. of Nat, Hist,. History of the Fossil Fruits and 
 Seeds of the London Clay, 1840, r. Svo. 
 Bowerbank, T. F., M.D. A Sermon, 1815, Svo. 
 Bowers,Thomas, Bp. of Chichester. Serm.l722,8vo. 
 Bowes, Sir Jerome. Trans, from the French of an 
 Apology for the French Reformed or Evangel. Christians, 
 Lon., 1579, Svo. 
 
 Bowes, Paul. Journal of Parliament in the Reign 
 of Elizabeth, 1682, fol. 
 
 Bowes, Thomas. Trans, of the Second Part of 
 Primaudaye's Frenche Academic, Lon., 1594, 4to. 
 
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 Bowick, William. Sermon, 1716, 8vo. I 
 
 Bowie, John. Concio ad Clerum Cantuariensem, | 
 Lon., 1612, 4to. 
 
 Bowie, John, 1725-1788, known by his friends as 
 Don Bowie, from his attachment to Spanish literature, 
 was educated at Oriel College, Oxford. Entering into holy 
 orders, he was presented to the vicarage of Idmeston, 
 Wilts, where he continued until his death. He was a man 
 of great erudition, and was the principal detector of Lau- 
 der's forgeries. See LAUDER, WILLIAM. 
 
 Miscell. Pieces of English Ancient Poesie, 1765. A 
 Letter to Dr. Percy, respecting a new and classical edition \ 
 of Don Quixote, 1777. He pub. his edit, of Don Quixote in 
 1781, in 6 vols. 4to ! The first 4 contain the text, the 5th , 
 is composed of annotations, and the 6th gives a copious 
 index. The subscription price was three guineas. This 
 enormous enterprise proved a failure. However, let the 
 lover of Spanish lore fail not to secure a copy if he can. j 
 So resolved that odd antiquary, Rev. Michael Tyson : 
 
 " Is Bowie's Don Quixote published, or not ? Though I did not | 
 chuse to seem to be acquainted with the Editor by appearing ' 
 amongst the Subscribers, yet I like Cervantes so much that I ' 
 must make a swop, or truck, with Tom Payne for the book." j 
 Tyson to Gough : Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. viii. ; and see 
 vol. vi. for an interesting notice of Bowie, and his edition of Don 
 Quixote, Ac. 
 
 He pub. a number of articles in defence of this work, 
 relative to Warton's History of English Poetry, <fec., in 
 Gentleman's Mag. ; contributed to the Archaeologia, vols. 
 vi. and vii., 1782-85 ; to Granger's History, and to John 
 son's and Steevens's Shakspeare. 
 
 " I am not the Translator of Don Quixote. I have too much con 
 ceiving of the merit of the original of Cervantes ever to think of 
 appearing in that character. The difficulties of a translator must 
 rise in proportion to his knowledge of the original. ... A desire 
 to impart that pleasure to others, which I almost solely possessed, 
 impelled me to the hazardous work of printing; in which if I have 
 erred once, I may be easily credited. I shall never be guilty of a 
 like offence again." See Gent. Mag., vols. liv., Iv. 
 
 We cannot forbear pleasing the lover of the Knight of 
 the Rueful Countenance by transcribing the delicious Bill 
 of Fare for Quixotic epicures, exhibited by Mr. Bowie in 
 his prospectus : 
 
 " A Letter to the Rev. Dr. Percy, concerning a new and classical 
 edition of Historia del valoroso Cavallero Don Quixote de la Mancha; 
 to be illustrated by Annotations and Extracts from the Historians, 
 Poets, and Romances of Spain and Italy, and other writers, an 
 cient and modern ; with a Glossary and Indexes, in which are oc 
 casionally interspersed some Reflections on the Learning and Ge 
 nius of the author, with a Map of Spain adapted to the History, 
 and to every Translator of it." 
 
 What a glorious prospect is here ! Yet the work, as we 
 already said, was a failure. In the words of a cold-blooded 
 critic : 
 
 " The public sentiment seemed to be that annotations on Cer 
 vantes were not quite so necessary as on Shakspeare." 
 
 The enthusiastic Don Bowie, disgusted with such heart- 
 lessness, renounced the press, and left the stupid "public" 
 to their downward course of ignorance and fatuity ! That 
 any sane man, woman, or child could really be indifferent 
 to the least word, wink, and gesture of the Knight of the 
 Sorrowful Countenance, and the philosophic apothegmatist 
 Sancho Panza, was hard to believe, but if such were the 
 stolidity of that thick-skulled generation, so let it be ! 
 He had discharged his duty; therefore he washed his 
 hands, shook the dust from his feet, locked his library 
 door, and was soon entranced in the fields of La Mancha, 
 the persevering revolutions of the Windmills, the lustre of 
 Mambrino's helmet, and the substantial charms of Dulci- 
 nea del Toboso. 
 
 Bowles. New London Guide, Lon., 1787, 8vo. 
 Bowles, Caroline Anne. See SOUTHEY, MRS. 
 Bowles, Edward. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1643- 
 48, 4to. 
 
 Bowles, John, Barrister-at-Law. This gentleman 
 pub. many political and other tracts, Lon., 1791-1807. 
 
 Bowles, Oliver, d. 1674, a Fellow in Queen's College, 
 
 Camb., and Rector of Sutton. Tractatus de Pastore Evan- 
 
 gelico, Lon., 1649, 4to; 1655,12mo; Gronin g8 e,1739, sm.8vo. 
 
 ' Liber ob utilia ac pia praecepta, in eo pro ministris ecclesise 
 
 proposita, laudatur." WALCH. 
 
 "A good translation would be generally useful." BICKERSTETH. 
 Sermon on John n. 17, Lon., 1643 4to 
 Bowles, Thomas, D.D. Vicar of Brackley, North 
 amptonshire. Sermons, 1728-41, 4to. 
 
 Bowles, Rev. William Lisle, 1762-1850, was de 
 scended from the Bowleses of Burcombe, in Wiltshire. He 
 was born at King's Sutton ; placed at Winchester, 1776 
 elected a scholar of Trinity College, Oxford, 1781; Vicar 
 of Chicklade, 1792 ; Rector of Durableton, 1797 ; Vicar of 
 Bremhill, and Prebendary of Salisbury, 1804 ; Canon Re 
 sidentiary, 1828. Mr. Bowles was a voluminous writer. 
 
 BOW 
 
 Fourteen Sonnets, 1789, 4to. Verses to John Howard, 
 1789, 4to. Grave of Howard; a Poem, Lon., 1790, 4to. 
 Verses, 1790, 4to. Monody, 1791, 4to. Elegiac Verses, 
 1796, 4to. Hope, 1796, 4to. Coombe Ellew, 1798, 4to. 
 St. Michael's Mount, 1798, 4to. Poems, 1798-1809, 4 vols. 
 8vo. The Battle of the Nile; a Poem, 1799, 4to. A Dis 
 course, 1799, 4to. A Sermon, 1801, 4to. The Sorrows of 
 Switzerland; a Poem, 1801, 4to. The Picture; a Poem, 
 1804, 4to. The Spirit of Discovery, or the Conquest of 
 the Ocean; a Poem, 1805, 8vo. Bowden Hill, 1815, 4to. 
 The Missionary of the Andes, 1822. The Grave of the 
 Last Saxon, 1823. Ellen Gray, 1828. Days Departed, 
 1832. St. John in Patmos, or the Last Apostle, 1832 ; 2d 
 edit. 1833, with a revised selection of some of his earlier 
 pieces. His last poetical compositions were contained in 
 a volume entitled, Scenes and Shadows of Days, a Narra 
 tive ; accompanied with Poems of Youth, and some other 
 Poems of Melancholy and Fancy, in the Journey of Life 
 from Youth to Age, 1837, 12mo. Little Villagers' Verse 
 Book. 
 
 " One of the sweetest and best little publications in the English 
 language." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 " Since the time of Dr. Watts nothing has been published at once 
 so simple and so useful." Lon. Spirit of the Age. 
 
 A Sermon, 1804. Ten Parochial Sermons, 1814, 8vo. 
 The Plain Bible, and the Protestant Church in England, 
 1818, 8vo. A Voice from St. Peter's and St. Paul's, 1823, 
 8vo. Paulus Parochialis, 1826, 8vo. Further observa 
 tions on report Ch. Commiss., 1837. St. Paul at Athens, 
 1838. A Final Defence of the Rights of Patronage in 
 Deans and Chapters, 1839. In 1807 Mr. B. edited the 
 works of Alexander Pope, in 10 vols. 8vo, for which he 
 received 300. The editor criticized his author, and hence 
 arose an animated controversy. Campbell and Byron at 
 tacked the positions of Mr. B., and especially his dogma 
 that "all images drawn from what is beautiful or sublime 
 in the works of nature, are more beautiful and sublime 
 than any images drawn from art; and that they are there 
 fore per se more poetical." To this Byron responded, not 
 very poetically, that " a ship in the wind," with all sail 
 set, is a more poetical object than a "hog in the wind," 
 though the hog is all nature, and the ship all art. This 
 was the Reductio ad absurdum, indeed : although Bowles 
 might have rejoined that the supposed porker, however 
 respectable, could hardly be considered either "sublime or 
 beautiful." This controversy lasted for many years. In 
 1825 Bowles published his Final Appeal to the Literary 
 Public relative to Pope, elicited by Roscoe's edit, of Pope, 
 in 1825, and in 1826 the last gun was fired by Lessons in 
 Criticism to William Roscoe, <fcc., F. R. S., in answer to 
 his Letter to the Rev. W. L. Bowles on the Character and 
 Poetry of Pope, 8vo. In 1818 he pub. Vindicige Wyke- 
 hamicae, in reply to Mr. Brougham, and addressed Two 
 Letters to him when he became Lord Chancellor, on the 
 Position and Incomes of the Cathedral Clergy. In 1826 
 he pub. The Parochial History of Bremhill, and in 1830- 
 31, The Life of Thomas Ken, D.D. The Annals and An 
 tiquities of Lacock Abbey appeared in 1835. Mr. B. also 
 pub. Letters to Lord Mountcashell and Sir James Mackin 
 tosh, and had a controversy with the Rev. Edward Duke, 
 in the Gen. Mag., relative to the antiquities of Wiltshire. 
 Mr. Bowles's reputation as a poet is deservedly great. 
 
 In his Literary Biography, Mr. Coleridge expresses in 
 glowing terms the delight he received from the early peru 
 sal of Mr. Bowles's sonnets, and the effect which they pro 
 duced on his own poetry. 
 
 " We have ourselves heard from Mr. Wordsworth's own lips, that 
 he got possession of the same sonnets [pub. in 1793] one morning 
 when he was setting out with some friends on a pedestrian tour 
 from London; and that so captivated was he with their beauty, 
 that he retreated into one of the recesses in Westminster Bridge, 
 and could not be induced to rejoin his companions till he had 
 finished them." Lon. Gent. Mag., 1850. 
 
 Mr. Southey freely acknowledges his obligations to our 
 author: he tells Bedford, 
 
 " My poetical taste was much meliorated by Bowles." Orf.1,1795. 
 
 " This morning I received your St. John in Patmos. I have just 
 read the poem through, and with much pleasure. Yours I should 
 have known it to have been by the sweet and unsophisticated style 
 xipon which I endeavoured, now almost forty years ago, to form 
 my own." Southey to Bowles, July 30, 1832. 
 
 "The sonnets of Bowles may be reckoned among the first fruits 
 of a new era in poetry. They came in an age when a commonplace 
 facility in rhyming on the one hand, and an almost nonsensical 
 affectation in a new school on the other, had lowered the standard 
 so much, that critical judges spoke of English poetry as of some 
 thing nearly extinct, and disdained to read what they were sure 
 to disapprove. In these sonnets there was observed a grace of ex 
 pression, a musical versification, and especially an air of melan 
 choly tenderness, so congenial to the poetical temperament, which 
 still." after sixty years of a more propitious period than that which 
 immediately preceded their publication, preserves for their author 
 
BOW 
 
 BOW 
 
 a highly respectable position among our poets. The subsequent 
 poems of Mr. Bowles did not belie the promise of his youth." 
 HENRY HALLAM : Address before the Royal Society of Literature. 
 
 " Breathes not the man with a more poetic temperament than 
 Bowles! No wonder that his 'eyes love all they look on,' for they 
 possess the sacred gift of beautifying creation by shedding over it 
 the charm of melancholy. . . . His human sensibilities are so fine 
 as to be of themselves poetical; and his poetical aspirations so 
 delicate as to be always human." PROFESSOR WILSOST : Blackwood's 
 Mag.. Sept. 1831. 
 
 " Bowles was deficient in the passion and imagination which 
 command great things, but he was, notwithstanding, a true poet. 
 He had a fine eye for the beautiful and the true : and, although his 
 enthusiasm was tempered, we never miss a cordial sympathy with 
 whatever is pure, noble, and generous, for his heart was in the 
 ri^ht place." Moir's Poet. Lit. 
 
 ' A Life of Mr. Bowles, by a relative and Alaric Watts, 
 has been for some time promised, (1858.) 
 
 Bowles, W. R. Trans, of Letters from a Portuguese 
 Nun, 1808-12. Trans, of Elizabeth, by M- Cottin, 1814, 8vo. 
 
 Bowles, William. Works on Nat. History, Madrid, 
 1775, 4 to ; Paris, 1776, 8vo ; Parina, 1783, 2 vols. 4to. Con. 
 to Phil. Trans., 1766. 
 
 Bowles, William. The Natural Hist, of Merino 
 Sheep. Lon., 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Bowling, W. K., M.D., b. 1808, in Virginia. Founder 
 of, and principal contributor to, the Nashville Jour. Med. 
 and Surg. 
 
 Bowlker, Charles. Art of Angling, Worcester, 1746, 
 12uio. 
 
 Bowman. Hist., Ac. Con. to Archaeol., vol. i. p. 100- 
 112, 1770. 
 
 BoAvman, Henry. The Ecclesiastical Architecture 
 of Great Britain, from the Conquest to the Reformation, 
 by H. Bowman and James Hadfield, Lon., 1845, r. 4to. 
 The Churches of the Middle Ages, by H. Bowman and J. 
 S. Crowther, Lon., imp. fol., 2 vols., 10 10s. See Ecclesiog. 
 
 Bowman, Hildebrand. Travels into Carnovirria, 
 Taupincera, Olfactoria, and Auditante, in New Zealand; 
 in the Island of Bonhommica, and in the Powerful King 
 dom of Luxo-Volupta, on the Great Southern Continent, 
 Lon., 1778, Svo. This is an imitation of Gulliver's Travels. 
 
 Bowman, John E. Introduction to Practical Che 
 mistry ; 2d ed., Lon., fp. Svo. Commended by Lon. Athen. 
 Practical Hand-Book to Medical Chemistry; 2d ed., fp. Svo. 
 Commended by Lon. Medical Gazette. 
 
 Bowman, Thomas. Theolog. treatises, 1762-91. 
 
 Bowman, William. Sermons, Ac., Lon., 1731. 
 
 Bowman, William, F.R.S., Professor of Physio 
 logy and Anatomy in King's College, London. Lectures 
 on Operations on the Eye, Lon., Svo. 
 
 "A most valuable contribution to ophthalmological science." 
 Med.-Ohirurg. Rev. See also Jour. Med. Sci. 
 
 Bownd, Nic., D.D. Theolog. treatises, 1604-06. 
 
 Bowneus, Peter. Pseudo-Medico. Anat., 1624, 4to. 
 
 Bowrey, Thomas. Dictionary, English and Malayo, 
 Ac., Lon., 1701, 4to. Dictionary of the Hudson's Bay 
 Language, 1701, fol. In 1800, Lon., 4to, was pub. Gram 
 mar of the Malay Tongue, from Bowrey's Diet., Ac. 
 
 BoAvring, Edgar Alfred. Schiller's Poems com 
 plete, including all his Early Suppressed Pieces, attempted 
 in English, 1851. 12mo. Commended by the Cologne Gaz. ' 
 
 BoAvring, Sir John, K.C.B., LL.D., b. 1792, Exeter, 
 Eng., knighted 1854, has distinguished himself as a philo- 
 loger, poet, political writer, translator, reviewer, member 
 of Parliament, and (appointed 1854) Governor of Hong- 
 Kong. His publications have been numerous. 1. Speci 
 mens of the Russian Poets, Lon., 1821-23, 2 vols. 12mo : 
 see Lon. Month. Rev., xcvi., 1821. 2. Matins and Vespers, 
 with Hymns; 3d ed., 1841, 18mo; 4th ed., 1851, ISmo : 
 see Lon. Month. Rev., ci., 1823, and Lon. Chris. Examiner. 
 3. In conjunction with H. S. Van Dyk, Batavian Anthology, 
 1824, 12mo. 4. Ancient Poetry and Romances of Spain, 
 1824, p. Svo. 5. Specimens of the Polish Poets, 1827, 
 12mo. 6. Servian Popular Poetry, 1827, 12mo. 7. Poetry 
 of the Magyars, 1830, p. Svo. 8. Cheskian Anthology; 
 being a Hist, of the Poet. Lit, of Bohemia, 1832, 12mo. 
 9. Minor Morals for Young People, 3 Pts., 1834-35-39: 
 see Lon. Athen. 10. Reports on the Commercial Rela 
 tions between France and G. Britain, 1835-36, 2 vols. fol. : 
 eee Lon. Athen. 11. Reports on the Statistics of Tuscany, 
 Ac., 1837. 12. Observations on the Oriental Plague and on 
 Quarantines, Ac., Edin., 1839. 13. First Lessons in Theo 
 logy; for Children, Lon., 1839, 18mo. 14. Manuscript of the 
 Queen's Court, with other Ancient Bohemian Poems ; trans. 
 1843. 15. Decimal Coinage, with Illustrations of Coins, 
 1854, p. Svo. 16. Decimal System in Numbers, Coins, 
 and Accounts, 1854, cr. Svo. 17. The Kingdom and 
 People of Siam ; with a Narrative of the Mission to that 
 Country in 1855, 2 vols. Svo, 1857. 
 
 I " By readers of all classes the record of Sir John Bowring's wan- 
 ! deriugs will be perused with satisfaction." ion. Athen., 1857 
 : 335, q. v. 
 
 See also 345, and same periodical, (for a letter on 
 i China, then first published,) Nov. 17, 1855. See also 
 Bowring, Cobden, and China, a Memoir, 1857, p. Svo, 
 | pp. 32. In 1825 he became the editor of the Westminster 
 j Review; and many of the articles in that periodical on 
 political reforms and the principles of free trade are from 
 his pen. He was a disciple of Jeremy Bentham, was his 
 I literary executor, edited his works, 1838, 22 vols. r. Svo, (see 
 I BENTHAM, JEREMY, ante,) and wrote a sketch of his life. 
 Bowtell, John, D.D. Theol. treatises, 1710-11, 8vo/ 
 Bowyer, George, M.P., D.C.L., an eminent law- 
 writer. 1. Dissert, on the Statutes of the Cities of Italy, 
 Ac., Lon., 1838, Svo. The argument of Farinacio in de 
 fence of Beatrice Cenci in this volume is a remarkable 
 ! piece of pleading. 2. A Popular Commentary on the Con- 
 i stitutional Law of England, 1841, 12mo; 2d ed., 1846, 
 i r. Svo. This is a collection, with expositions and con 
 tinuation, of such of Blackstone's Commentaries as pertain 
 1 to constitutional law. It is an excellent work. 3. Com- 
 ! mentaries on the Modern Civil Law, 1848, r. Svo. 4. The 
 | Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster and the New Hier- 
 j archy ; 3d ed., 1850, Svo. 5. Two Readings delivered in 
 | the Middle Temple Hall, 1850, Svo. 6. Readings before 
 j the Hon. Society of the Middle Temple in 1850 on Canon 
 Law, 1851, r. Svo. 7. Commentaries on Universal Public 
 Law, 1854, r. Svo. 
 
 " Mr. Bowyer has laboriously won his reputation as a profound 
 
 [ civilian, a critical canonist, and an industrious investigator of 
 
 foreign and European law. . . . The author's industry appears to 
 
 have spread itself over every province of modern and ancient law." 
 
 Lon. M. Chronicle, April 15, 1854. 
 
 Bowyer, Sir George. R. Catholic Question, 1813,8vo. 
 Bowyer, R. G. Sermons, 1803, '04, '11. 
 Bowyer, Thomas. Theolog. treatises, 1734, '35, '37. 
 BoAVyer, William, 1699-1777, will long be remem 
 bered as the most learned English printer of whom we 
 j have any account. The names of Stephens, of Aldus, of 
 Bowyer, and such men, may ever be pointed to with com 
 mendable pride by the superintendent of the type and ma- 
 trice. Bowyer's father and grandfather were printers, so 
 that he may be said to have inherited the noble art. Wil 
 liam was born in Dogwell Court,. White Fryars, London, 
 December 19th. He studied for a time under the cele 
 brated AMBROSE BONWICKE, (q. v.,) and in 1716 was ad 
 mitted as a sizar at St. John's College, Cambridge. He 
 remained here till June, 1722, during which time he ob 
 tained Roper's exhibition, and wrote in 1719 what he 
 styled Epistola pro Sodalitio a rev. viro F. Roper mihi le 
 gato. It does not appear that he took his degree of B.A. 
 In 1722 he entered into the printing business as a partner 
 with his father. From this time until his death Mr. Bow 
 yer was engaged in superintending his press, and contri 
 buting to various learned works in the way of corrections, 
 irefaces, annotations, Ac. The learned men of the day 
 bund it a great advantage to have in the person of their 
 ' printer a scholar whose erudition and classical taste could 
 rectify their errors and improve their lucubrations. A co 
 pious account of Mr. B.'s editorial labour of this description 
 will be found in that most delightful of books of the class 
 NICHOLS'S LITERARY ANECDOTES OP THE ISTH CENTURY, 
 9 vols., 1812-15 ; continued as ILLUSTRATIONS OF LITERARY 
 HISTORY, 1817-48, 7 vols. The foundation of this work 
 was a pamphlet of 52 pages, 1778, entitled Biographical Me 
 moirs of Mr. Bowyer; enlarged to a 4to vol. in 1782; still 
 further enlarged as above. See NICHOLS, JOHN. A va 
 luable account of Bowyer will be found, also, in Chalmers's 
 I Biog. Diet. In 1763 Mr. Bowyer pub. his celebrated edi- 
 | tion of the Greek Testament, 2 vols. 12mo, containing his 
 j Conjectural Emendations. A second edit, of the Emenda- 
 j tions was pub. separately in 1772, Svo, under the following 
 title : Conjectures on the New Testament, collected from 
 various Authors, as well in regard to Words as Pointing, 
 with the reasons on which both are founded. A third edit, 
 appeared in 1782, 4to, and a fourth in 1812, 4to. The 
 great merits of this work were conceded from the first. 
 
 " I must not omit to return my thanks for your notes upon the 
 
 Greek Testament, and particularly for the excellent Prefece before 
 
 ! them. They have been of great use to me and others on several 
 
 j occasions, and I wish we had more such collections by equally 
 
 able hands." ARCHDEACON BLACKBURNE, in 1766 ; the celebrated 
 
 ! author of the Confessional, v. the name. 
 
 " I would also recommend a look into a Greek Testament lately 
 published by Mr. Bowyer, a printer, whose erudition not only sets 
 : him on a par with the best scholars among the early printers, but 
 would do credit to persons of high rank even in the learned pro- 
 j fessions.* Two Grammatical Essays, dc., 1769. 
 | " This Work cannot but be acceptable to every Critical Reader 
 
 ; 
 
BOX 
 
 BOY 
 
 of the New Testament, as it is the best Collection of Conjectural 
 Emendations which has yet appeared." Lon. Critical Review. 
 
 "The reader will here meet with much sound criticism, and 
 many instances of the importance of true punctuation, which Mr. 
 Bowyer considered of more importance than all the various read 
 ings put together." BISHOP WATSON. 
 
 " A book which ought to be read by every scholar and every 
 rational Christian." DR. PARR. 
 
 But the British Critic does not coincide with Dr. Parr, 
 altogether : 
 
 "Bowyer's work is for the learned only; and for those among 
 the learned who can discriminate and judge for themselves. Con 
 jectures on the sacred text are, at best, extremely hazardous; 
 hence it is that the work, though valuable, can deserve only a 
 partial recommendation." Brit. Critic, pref. to vol. vi. For a Re 
 view of the 4th edit., see Brit. Critic, 0. S. xi. 507 ; for Reviews of 
 former edits., see Monthly Review, 0. S., xlvi. 67. 
 
 " As conjectures, the best that can be said of them is, that they 
 are often ingenious. The alterations in the pointing are not, pro 
 perly, conjectural, and therefore may be more safely trusted." 
 ORME. 
 
 Bishop Marsh remarks that 
 
 " In the Greek Testament our means of correction from author 
 ity are so ample, that conjecture is unnecessary ; and, if unneces 
 sary, it is injurious, especially in a work, where, if the words 
 might be altered from conjecture, a door would be opened to every 
 species of corruption." 
 
 The same eminent authority gives Mr. Bowyer full credit 
 for his scholarship : 
 " Bowyer's Conjectures are of real value." 
 We should mention that the writers from whom the se 
 lection is principally made, besides Bowyer himself, are 
 Bishop Barrington, Mr. Markland, Professor Schultz, Mi- 
 chaelis, Dr. Henry Owen, Dr. Woide, Dr. Gosset, and Ste 
 phen Weston. 
 
 In 1774 appeared Mr. Bowyer's Origin of Printing, in 
 two essays : 1. The Substance of Dr. Middleton's Disser 
 tation on the Origin of Printing in England. 2. Mr. Meer- 
 man's Account of the Invention of the Art at Haarlem, 
 and its progress to Mentz ; with occasional Remarks, and 
 an Appendix. In this work Mr. B. was assisted by Dr. 
 Henry Owen, and Caesar de Missy; 2d edit, enlarged, 1776, 
 Svo ; with a Supplement by John Nichols, 1781, 8vo. This 
 publication, which appeared anonymously, was soon known 
 to be Mr. Bowyer's, and was received with great favour. 
 
 " The periodical publications of the Continent joined those of 
 England in its commendation." 
 
 " He has interspersed, through the whole piece, a number of va 
 luable notes, which will greatly increase the general stock of know 
 ledge upon the subject." DR. KIPPS : Monthly Rev. and Biog. Brit. 
 " Mr. Bowyer's learning and particular knowledge in his profes 
 sion qualify him for being at least as good a judge of the dispute as 
 any man that ever lived." SIR JAMES BURROW: Literary Property. 
 His trans, of Select Discourses from Michaelis, 12mo, 
 was pub. in 1773. This vol. has become very scarce. See 
 Home's Introduc. to the Scriptures. 
 
 In 1785 Mr. Nichols (Mr. B.'s friend and partner) pub. 
 Miscellaneous Tracts, by Mr. Bowyer and several of his 
 learned friends, 4to, and we have already referred the reader 
 to that rich storehouse of literary treasures, Nichols's Lite 
 rary Anecdotes. It may well be supposed that the amiable 
 character and remarkable erudition of Mr. Bowyer gathered 
 around him a host of devoted friends. We venture the 
 assertion that no man in any age ever had a larger circle 
 of distinguished literary acquaintances. Among these 
 may be mentioned, Archbishop Seeker, Bishops Warbur- 
 ton, Kennett, Tanner, Sherlock, Hoadly, Lyttleton, Pearce, 
 Lowth, Barrington, Hurd, Percy, Earl of Macclesfield, 
 Earl of Marchmont, Lord Lyttelton, Lord Sandys, Alex 
 ander Pope, Dr. Wotton, Rt. Hon. Arthur Onslow, Chishull, 
 Clarke, Markland, Hollis, De Missy, Mattaire, R. Gale, S. 
 Gale, Browne, Willis, Spelman, Morant, David Garrick, 
 Dean Prideaux, Dean Freind, Dean Milles, Dr. Robert 
 Freind, Dr. John Freind, Dr. Taylor, Dr. Barnard, Dr. 
 Powell, Dr. Wilkins, Dr. Ducarel, Dr. Pegge, Dr. Salter, 
 Dr. Owen, Dr. Heberden, and many others. See Chalmers's 
 Biog. Diet. 
 
 " For more than half a century he stood unrivalled as a learned 
 printer: and some of the most masterly productions of this king 
 dom have been described as appearing from his press To his 
 
 literary and professional abilities he added an excellent Moral Cha 
 racter. His regard to Religion was displayed in his Publications, 
 and in the course of his Life and Studies; and he was particularly 
 distinguished by his inflexible probity, and an uncommon alacritv 
 in relieving the necessitous. His liberality in relieving every spe 
 cies of distress, and his endeavours to conceal his benefactions 
 reflect great honour on his memory." Nichols's Lit. Anec.. vol. iii'. 
 Box, G. National Debt of G. Britain, 1785, Svo. 
 Boycatt, W. Ser. on the R. Catholic Question, 1808. 
 Boyce, Samuel. A New Pantheon, 1762, 4to. Poeti 
 eal works, 1757, '73, '85. 
 
 Boyce, Thomas. Harold; a Tragedy, 1785, 4to. 
 Boyce, William. Belgian Traveller, 1815, Svo. 
 " We are persuaded that any person who is meditating a trip to 
 
 Holland and the Netherlands, will find his account in putting thia 
 Belgian Traveller into his pocket." Lon. Monthly Jieview. 
 
 The Second Usurpation ; a Hist, of the Revolution in 
 France, 1816, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Boyce, William, 1710-1779, an eminent English mu 
 sician, pub., with the assistance of Drs. Hayes and Howard, 
 three volumes of Cathedral Music, being a collection in 
 score of the most valuable compositions for that service by 
 the several English masters of the preceding two centuries. 
 
 " Dr. Boyce was one of the few of our church composers who 
 neither pillaged nor servilely imitated Handel. There is an original 
 and sterling merit in his productions, founded as much on the 
 study of our own old masters, as on the best models of other coun 
 tries, that gives to all his works a peculiar stamp and character of 
 his own, for strength, clearness, and facility, without any mixture 
 of styles, or extraneous and heterogeneous ornaments." See Chal 
 mers's Biog. Diet., and Burney's Hist, of Music, vol. iii. 
 
 Anthems, Lon., 1788, fol. ; with portrait by Sherwin. 
 
 Boyd, Andrew. See BODIUS. 
 
 Boyd, Archibald, Curate of Londonderry. Doctrines 
 of England, Rome, and Oxford Compared, Svo. Episco 
 pacy and Presbytery, Svo. Letters on Episcopacy, <fec., Svo. 
 The Christian Instructor commends an answer (pub. 1843) 
 to Boyd's positions with respect to Episcopacy, as 
 
 " A masterpiece of its kind, reminding one of the might and 
 mastery of a learned age." 
 
 Sermons on the Church. Strengthen the Things which 
 Remain; a Sermon. 
 
 "Original in its conception, vigorous and eloquent in expres 
 sion." Britannia. 
 
 Boyd, E. A Thanksgiving on the Victory of Dettin- 
 gen, Lon., 1743, 4to. 
 
 Boyd, Henry, d. 1832. Trans, of the Inferno of 
 Dante, Lon., 1785, 2 vols. 12mo. Poems, 1796, Svo. Trans, 
 of the Divina Commedia of Dante, 1802, 3 vols. Svo. The 
 Penance of Hugo; from the Italian, 1805, Svo. The Wood 
 man's Tale, &c., 1805, Svo. 
 
 " A very agreeable collection, and will add considerably to Mr. 
 Boyd's literary fame." Brit. Critic ; and see Anti-Jacobin. 
 
 The Triumph of Petrarch ; a trans., 1807, Svo. 
 
 Boyd, Hugh, or Hugh Macauley, 1746-1791, was 
 educated at Trinity College. The Indian Observer, and 
 some Miscellaneous Works, with an Account of his Life 
 and Writings, by L. D. Campbell, Lon., 1798, 1800, 2 vols. 
 8vo. Boyd wrote in Ireland a political periodical paper 
 called The Freeholder, 1772; be contributed an Introduc 
 tion to Lord Chatham's Speeches, and The Whig to the 
 London Courant, pub. by Almon. The Indian Observer, 
 reprinted with other papers, as above, was originally pub. 
 at Madras. Mr. Campbell pub. the above edition of his 
 works to prove Boyd's identity with Junius, an assertion 
 said to have been first made by Almon. 
 
 " Boyd wrote after Junius, and, like most political writers, aims 
 at his style ; and the only conclusion which his friends have arrived 
 at amounts to this absurdity, that an imitator must be an original 
 writer; and even this in the case of Mr. Boyd is peculiarly unfor 
 tunate, for his imitations are among the most feeble that have ever 
 been attempted." 
 
 See also another advocate for Mr. Boyd in Chalmers's 
 Appendix to the Supplemental Apology, <fec., 1800. 
 
 " By comparing Junius with the other writings of M'Auley Boyd, 
 we see the same characteristicks in all : the elegance and energy ; 
 the same inaccuracy and inexperience; the same topicks and im 
 agery and expressions ; the same turbulence ; and even in his Ob 
 server may be traced 
 
 " ' The cockle of rebellion, insolence, sedition.' " 
 
 Boyd, Hugh Stuart. Select Passages of the Writ 
 ings of St. Chrysostom, St. Gregory Nazianzen, and St. 
 Basil, trans, from the Greek, 1806, r. Svo. Reviewed in 
 Edin. Rev. xxiv. 58-72. A Selection from the Poems and 
 Writings of Gregory Nazianzen, 1814, Svo. On Cosmogo 
 ny, Phil. Mag., 1817. Reflections on the Atoning Sacri 
 fice of Jesus Christ, 1817, Svo. The Fathers not Papists, 
 with discourses and other extracts from their writings; a 
 new edit., considerably enlarged, Lon., 1834, Svo. For a 
 notice of Mr. Boyd's translations, see Brit. Critic, Oct. 1S34. 
 
 Boyd, James. Adam's Roman Antiquities; with 
 100 illustrations. 
 
 " We bestow the unqualified praise which it merits on the edition 
 before us." Dublin University Mag. 
 
 " In references and annotations the editor has bestowed immense 
 pains. The pages are literally crammed. Many of the lengthened 
 notes descriptive of ancient customs are most valuable." TaWs 
 Map. 
 
 Potter's Antiquities of Greece, with a sketch of the Lite 
 rature of Greece, by Sir D. K. Sandford; with 150 Illus 
 trations. 
 
 " Valuable improvements have been introduced into this edition." 
 Aberdeen Journal. 
 
 Boyd, Rev. James R., b. 1804, in the State of N. 
 York, Prof. Moral Philosophy, and College Preacher at 
 Hamilton Coll. Elements of Rhetoric and Literary Criti 
 cism. Eclectic Moral Philosophy. Westminster Shorter 
 
BOY 
 
 Catechism, with Scriptural proofs, Ac. Kames's Elements 
 of Criticism, with additions, Ac. 
 
 Prof. Boyd has rendered valuable service to polite litera 
 ture in editing, with biographical notices, judicious critical 
 observations and explanatory notes for the use of schools 
 and colleges Milton's Paradise Lost, Young's Night 
 Thoughts, Thomson's Seasons, Cowper's Task and other 
 Poems, and Pollok's Course of Time. 
 
 Boyd, John P., of Boston, d. 1830, aged 62, pub. 
 Documents and Facts relative to Military Events during 
 the late War, 1816. 
 
 Boyd, Mark Alexander, d. 1601, aged about 38 
 years, was a son of Robert Boyd of Pinkill, in Ayrshire, 
 Scotland, and a nephew of James Boyd, Archbishop of 
 Glasgow. He was for some time a soldier in France, but 
 devoted much of his leisure to the study of the Hebrew, 
 Greek, and Latin, and the Civil Law, and became one of 
 the best scholars of his day. Epistolae Heroidum et Hymni, 
 p. 142. Inter Poet. Scot. Delit., Amst.,1637, 8vo. He had 
 an aversion to publication, and left a number of works in 
 MS. He trans. Caesar's Commentaries into Greek, and 
 could write, dictate, and converse in that language with 
 copiousness and elegance. 
 
 " His biographer questions whether any of the ancients have 
 excelled him in elegiac poetry, and is positive that none of the 
 Latins have equalled his hymns." 
 
 To the same effect speaks Olaus Borrichius : 
 
 " In Marco Alexandro Bodio, Scoto, redivivum spectamus Naso- 
 fcem; ea est in ejusdem Epistolis Herodium, lux, candor, dexteri- 
 tas." Dissertationes Academicce de Poetis. 
 
 See Sketch of the Life of Boyd, by Lord Hailes, 1783, Svo. 
 
 Boyd, Robert, 1578-1627, a Scotch divine, descended 
 from Robert Boyd, Earl of Arran, was educated at the Uni 
 versity of Edinburgh. He became Professor of Philosophy 
 at Montauban in France, Professor at Saumur, 1608, Pro 
 fessor of Divinity in the University of Glasgow, 1615. 
 
 Prselectiones in Epistolam ad Ephesios, Lon., 1652, fol. j 
 Geneva, 1662. 
 
 " An English translation of this work was made ; if I mistake 
 not, by the author's son, and published in 4to. It is not strictly 
 of an expository nature. It enters largely into doctrinal, practi 
 cal, and controversial subjects." ORME. 
 
 " His Praslectiones contain some good critical remarks, as well 
 as many eloquent passages, and it is to be regretted that he should 
 have rendered the work heavy and repulsive, by indulging, ac 
 cording to a practice then common among the continental com 
 mentator's, in long digressions, for the sake of illustrating general 
 doctrines and determining the controversies of the times." DR. 
 McCRiE: Life of Melville. 
 
 Boyd, 'Robert. Legal Treatises, Edin., 1779, '87. 
 
 Boyd, Walter. Essays on Polit. Economy, Lon., 
 1801, '05, Svo. 
 
 Boyd, Sir William, A.M., M.D., b. 1812, Ayrshire, 
 Scotland. Hist, of Literature, Lon., 4 vols. Svo : see Athen., 
 and Lit. Gaz. Lects. on Anc. and Mod. Lit., Art, Ac., 12mo. 
 
 Boyd, or Boyde, Zachary. The Battle of Soul in 
 Death, Edin., 1619, Svo. Oratio, Ac., 1633, 4to. Crosses, 
 Comforts, Counsels, Ac., Glasg., 1643, Svo. The Garden 
 of Zion, Glasg., 2 vols. Svo, 1644. Two Oriental Pearls, 
 Grace and Glory, Edin., 1718, 12mo. This good man 
 turned the Bible into rhyme in the vulgar dialect of the 
 country, to be pub. and circulated for the benefit of the 
 common people ; and for this purpose he intrusted a large 
 Bum to the University of Glasgow. His executors, how 
 ever, never pub. the MSS., deeming it inexpedient to cir 
 culate this poetical version. 
 
 Boyde, H. Voyage to Barbary, Lon., 1736, Svo. 
 
 Boydell, James. Works on Gauging, Ac., Lon., 
 1764, '84, Svo. 
 
 Boydell, James. Treatise on Landed Property. 
 1849, r. Svo. 
 
 Boydell, John. Sermon on Ps. ci., 1727, Svo. 
 
 Boydell, John. See SHAKSPEARE. 
 
 Boydell, Josiah. Improvement of the Arts and 
 Sciences, 1805. 
 
 Boyer, Abel, 1667-1729, though a native of Lan- 
 guedoc, was a resident of England from 1689. His French 
 and English Dictionary, pub. Lon., 1699, fol., is still well 
 known ; but he compiled some English works, which prin 
 cipally claim our notice. Political State of Great Britain 
 from 1711 to 1729; continued to 1740, making 60 vols. 
 Svo. This contains the history of ecclesiastical and civil 
 parties and affairs, with abstracts from pamphlets, Ac. re 
 lating to Great Britain and the Continent. Annals of the 
 Reign of Queen Anne, 1703-13, 11 vols. Svo. History of 
 Queen Anne, 1735, fol. 
 
 " A very good chronicle of this period of English Historv " 
 
 History of William III., 1702, 3 vols. Svo. Life of Sir 
 William Temple, 1714, Svo. Other works. 
 
 " His publications are more useful now than when published, as 
 
 BOY 
 
 they contain many state papers, memorials, Ac., which it would 
 be difficult to find elsewhere." 
 
 Swift speaks of him contemptuously on account of his 
 political predilections, and Pope honours him by a place 
 in The Dunciad. 
 
 Boyers, D. The Builder's Companion, 1807, Svo. 
 
 Boyes, J. F. Parallel Illustrations of the Tragedies 
 of jEschylus and Sophocles, Lon., Svo. 
 
 " To use the language of Cicero, he has rendered those studies 
 which nurtured boyhood, delightful to age." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 " One of the most pleasing classical works that we have lately 
 read." ion. Gent. Mag. 
 
 Boyle, Charles, fourth Earl of Orrery, grandson of 
 the "Great Earl of Cork," 1676-1731, was the second son 
 of Roger, second Earl of Orrery, by Lady Mary Sackville, 
 daughter to Richard, Earl of Dorset and Middlesex. At 
 15 he entered a nobleman at Christ Church, Oxford. His 
 talents were so marked that Dr. Aldrich, in completing at 
 his request the compendium of Logic long used at Oxford, 
 styles him Magnum ^Edis nostrae ornamentum. Dr. Aid- 
 rich's high opinion of his abilities proved in the end a 
 misfortune to Boyle, as the dean's encouragement induced 
 him to undertake the care of the edition of the Epistles of 
 Phalaris, pub. 1695, which provoked the celebrated con 
 troversy with " slashing Bentley." This subject we have 
 already treated in the article BENTLEY, RICHARD. The in 
 strument called the Orrery was so named by Sir Richard 
 Steele, in error, from the fact that one of the first was made 
 for the earl by Rowley. The real inventor was a Mr. 
 George Graham. The earl was the author of As You Find 
 It, a Comedy, 1703; in vol. 2d of the Works of Roger, 
 Earl of Orrery; (Lon., 1739, 2 vols. Svo.) Some Copies of 
 Verses. A Latin Trans, of the Epistles of Phalaris, and 
 Notes to that Author, Oxon., 1695, 8vo; in English, 1698, 
 12mo. Examination of Dr. Bentley's Dissertation on the 
 Epistles of Phalaris, and ^Esop's Fables, Lon., 1698, Svo ; 
 1699, Svo; (chiefly written by ATTERBURY, FREIND, and 
 KING : see these names.) Preamble to his patent of Peer 
 age, Lon., 1711, 4to ; An Epilogue to his Predecessor's 
 Altemira, and several Songs in it 
 
 Boyle was in great estimation with the wits of the age. 
 We have already stated that Garth stereotyped his igno 
 rance in the well-known couplet, 
 
 " So diamonds owe a lustre to their foil, 
 And to a BENTLEY 'tis we owe a BOYLE." 
 
 See BENTLEY, RICHARD. 
 
 His brilliancy was unquestionable, but he was forced to 
 "pale his ineffectual fire" before the splendour of Bent- 
 ley's rays. 
 
 " He resembled in his character, and not a little in his fortunes, 
 his illustrious ancestor, the first Earl of Orrery. Like him, he was 
 an author, a soldier, and a statesman. His learning was solid, not 
 pedantic; and though he did not affect the orator in public, yet 
 in private conversation, no man spoke with greater ease to him 
 self, or pleasure to those who heard him." DR. CAMPBELL. 
 
 See Park's Walpole's R. & N. Authors ; Biog. Brit. 
 
 Boyle, Hamilton, Earl of Cork and Orrery, second 
 son of John, Earl of Orrery, great-great-grandson of the 
 " Great Earl of Cork," 1730-1764, was admitted in 1748 
 student of Christ Church, Oxford. His claims. to author 
 ship consist of Nos. 60 and 170 in the periodical entitled 
 The World. 
 
 " They are drawn up with vivacity, elegance, and humour, at 
 fording a proof that if his life had been continued, he would have 
 added new literary honour to his celebrated name and family." 
 
 Boyle, Henry. The Universal Chronologist, Ac., 
 from the Creation to 1825, inclusive, trans, from the 
 French of M. St. Martin, with an elaborate continuation, 
 2 vols. Svo, Lon., 1826. 
 
 Boyle, John, Earl of Cork and Orrery, great-grand- 
 son of the " Great Earl of Cork," father of the above, and 
 son of Charles, Earl of Orrery, was educated at West 
 minster and Christ Church, Oxford, of which college hia 
 father was so distinguished an ornament. 
 
 Poems to the Memory of John Sheffield, Duke of Buck 
 ingham, Dubl., 1741, Svo. Imitations of the 1st and 5th 
 Odes of Horace, 1741. Letters of Pliny the Younger, 
 Lon., 1752, 2 vols. 4to and Svo. 
 
 " In this translation his lordship is allowed to have given a 
 very just representation of the character of Pliny, and of the merit 
 of his letters." PARK. 
 
 Memoirs of the Life of Robert Gary, Earl of Monmouth, 
 1759, Svo ; 2d edit., 1760, Svo. Letters from Italy, writ 
 ten in 1754 and 1755 to William Duncombe, Esq., 1774. 
 He wrote Nos. 47, 68, and 161, in The World, contributed 
 some Letters to The Connoisseur, (signed G. K., Ac.,) and 
 was author of some other pieces. But the publication by 
 which he is chiefly known is, Remarks on the Life and 
 Writings of Dr. Jonathan Swift, in a series of Letters, 
 Lon., 1751, Svo. The earl was much censured for this 
 
 231 
 
BOY 
 
 BOY 
 
 publication, as it exposed to the world matters which it 
 was thought he should, as Swift's friend, have confined to 
 his own bosom. Warburton, in his letters to Bishop Hurd, 
 takes the earl to task in his usual coarse style, calling 
 them "detestable letters." Dr. Johnson justified his 
 lordship. 
 
 " Macleod asked Johnson if it was not wrong in Orrery to expose 
 the defects of a man with whom he had lived in intimacy. JOHN- 
 BON : ' Why no, sir, after the man is dead ; for then it is done his 
 torically.' ... He said Orrery was a feeble-minded man : that on 
 the publication of Dr. Delany's Remarks on his book, he was so 
 much alarmed that he was afraid to read them. Dr. Johnson com 
 forted him by telling him they were both in the right ; that De- 
 lany had seen most of the good side of Swift, Lord Orrery most 
 of the bad. . . . Speaking of the noble family of Boyle, he said that 
 all the Lord Orrery s till the present had been writers. The first 
 wrote several plays; the second was Bentley's antagonist; the 
 third wrote the life of Swift, and several other things ; his son 
 Hamilton wrote some papers in the Adventurer and World." 
 BosweWs Johnson. 
 
 Either Johnson or Boswell was inaccurate here. 
 
 "In every domestic and social relation, in all the endearing 
 connections of life, as a husband, a father, a friend, a master, Lord 
 Orrery had few equals. The lustre which he received from rank 
 and title, he reflected back unimpaired and undiminished. . . . 
 He loved truth even to a degree of adoration, and as a real Chris 
 tian constantly hoped for a better life, there trusting to know the 
 real cause of those effects which here struck him with wonder, but 
 not with doubt." DUNCOMBE. 
 
 " My friend, the late Earl of Cork, had a great desire to main 
 tain the literary character of his family : he was a genteel man, 
 but did not keep up the dignity of his rank. He was so generally 
 civil, that nobody thanked him for it. ... If he had been rich, he 
 would have been a very liberal patron. His conversation was 
 like his writings, neat and elegant, but without strength. He 
 grasped at more than his abilities could reach ; tried to pass for a 
 better talker, a better writer, and a better thinker than he was." 
 DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 Boyle, Miss Mary Louisa. Bridal of Melcha, p. 
 8vo. State Prisoner, 2 vols. p. 8vo. The Forester; a 
 Tale of 1688, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " Interesting, skilfully wrought, and abounding in passages of 
 great beauty. . . . Far superior to the ordinary run of novels." 
 Scotsman. 
 
 Boyle, Richard, the "Great Earl of Cork," 1566- 
 1644, a native of Canterbury, educated at Bene't, or Cor 
 pus Christi, College, Cambridge, belongs to political rather 
 than to literary history. We may, however, claim him as 
 an author from his True Remembrances of his Life, pub. 
 in Dr. Birch's Life of the Hon. Mr. [Robert] Boyle, Lon., 
 1744, 8vo. The literary character of this family is evinced 
 by the fact that we record in our list of authors the fol 
 lowing descendants of the Great Earl of Cork: Roger, 
 5th son; Robert, 7th son; Charles, a grandson; John, a 
 great-grandson ; and Hamilton, a great-great-grandson. 
 
 Boyle, Hon. Robert, 1627-1691, seventh son and 
 fourteenth child of the " Great Earl of Cork," was born 
 at his father's seat, Lismore Castle, in the province of 
 Munster, Ireland, January 25. When little more than 
 eight years of age he was removed to Eton School, where 
 he remained for four years. In 1638 he was sent to Ge 
 neva to continue his studies, and here he devoted himself 
 with great assiduity to Natural Philosophy, the French 
 language,.<fcc. In 1644 he returned to England, and for 
 four months resided with his sister, Lady Ranelagh. 
 From March, 1646, to May, 1650, he was occupied at his 
 estate of Stalbridge in an extensive course of experiments 
 in Natural Philosophy, paying especial regard to Chemis 
 try. He visited Ireland in 1652, and on his return in 
 1654 put in execution a project which he had long che 
 rished of settling at Oxford, where were many of his 
 learned friends, viz. : Wilkins, Wallis, Ward, Willis, Wren, 
 Bathurst, and others. He resided principally at Oxford 
 until April, 1668, when he settled in London at his sister, 
 Lady Ranelagh's, in Pall Mall. The affectionate rela 
 tives never separated again until the death of the Vis 
 countess Ranelagh, in December, 1691; her illustrious 
 brother survived her only a week, and they were buried 
 by each other in the church of St. Martin-in-the-Fields. 
 Mr. Boyle was never married. To a man of the character 
 of Robert Boyle death brought no terrors : the great phi 
 losopher had long before learned to "become a little 
 child," and reposed with unfeigned humility, yet confiding 
 hope, in the promises of Him who is " the Resurrection 
 and the Life." Earthly honours he had never courted 
 Of fifteen children of the " Great Earl of Cork," the phi 
 losopher was the only one who never obtained a title. 
 Four of his brothers were peers, and a peerage was often 
 urged upon the subject of our memoir, and as often re 
 fused. At the early age of 14 he became duly impressed 
 with the supreme importance of religious truth; and feel 
 ing that if religion was any thing, it was every thing, he 
 ever lived " as in his great Taskmaster's eye." He had that 
 232 
 
 active zeal in his Saviour's cause, which puts to shame 
 the coldness and spiritual apathy of the great majority of 
 "those who profess and call themselves Christians." So 
 great was his reverence for the Supreme Being, that he 
 never mentioned the name of God without making a de 
 cided pause in the conversation : Sir Peter Pett, who knew 
 him for nearly 40 years, declared himself unable to recol 
 lect an instance to the contrary. He wrote a number of 
 religious works, printed at his own expense the Church 
 Catechism and New Testament in Irish, and 500 copies of 
 the Four Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles in the 
 Malay Language, published Pocock's Arabic Translation 
 of Grotius's De Veritate for circulation in the Levant, 
 and contributed largely to the Society for Propagating the 
 Gospel in New England. When we add to these proofs 
 of zeal the establishment of the Boyle Lecture, "designed 
 to prove the truth of the Christian Religion among Infi 
 dels," we have given sufficient evidence of the existence 
 of a faith- proved by works of the most beneficent cha 
 racter. 
 
 Whilst at Stalbridge, 1646-50, Boyle was one of a so 
 ciety of learned men, termed by him, The Invisible Col 
 lege; this was the germ of The Royal Society, which was 
 incorporated in 1663. In 1680 Boyle was elected to the 
 Presidency, but declined the honour. His publications 
 were very numerous. His New Experiments, physico-me- 
 chanical, touching the spring of the Air and its effects, 
 were pub., Oxford, 1660, 8vo. In a second edit., pub. in 
 
 1662, he answered the objections of Linus and Hobbes. 
 A 3d edit, appeared in 1682. Seraphic Love, 1660, 8vo; 
 finished in 1648 : this has been translated into Latin. 
 Certain Physiological Essays and other tracts, 1661, 4to; 
 with additions, 1669, 4to. Skeptical Chemist, 1662, 8vo; 
 again, 1679, 8vo. Considerations touching the Usefulness 
 of Experimental Natural Philosophy, 1663, 4to; again, 
 
 1664. Experiments and Considerations upon Colours^ 
 
 1663, 8vo. Trans, into Latin. Considerations upon the 
 Style of the Holy Scriptures, 1663, 8vo ; trans, into Latin, 
 Oxf., 1665. Occasional Reflections upon several subjects, 
 
 1665, 8vo; 1669, 8vo. New Experiments and Observa 
 tions upon Cold, 1665, 8vo; 1683, 4to. Hydrostatical 
 Paradoxes, &c., 1666, 8vo; in Latin, Oxf., 1669, 12mo. 
 Among his other publications (see list in Bibl. Brit.) were, 
 A Continuation of the Experiments on Air. A Discourse 
 of Absolute Rest in Bodies. An Invention to Estimate 
 the Weight of Water. A Discourse of Things above Rea 
 son. A Free Inquiry into the Vulgarly received Notion 
 of Nature. A Free Discourse against Customary Swear 
 ing. Considerations about the Reconcilableness of Reason 
 and Religion. On the high Veneration Man's Intellect 
 owes to God, peculiarly for his Wisdom and Power. Dr. 
 Birch pub. a collection of his works, in 5 vols. fol., Lon., 
 1744. Another edition was pub., Lon., 1772, 6 vols. 4to. 
 Philosophical Works abridged, Lon., 1725, 3 vols. 4to. 
 An incomplete edition of his works was pub. in Latin at 
 Geneva in 1676, 4to. Opera varia, Genev., 1680, 4to; 
 again in 1704. Theological Works epitomized by Richard 
 Boulton, Lon., 1699, 4 vols. 8vo; 1715, 3 vols. 8vo. The 
 Sermons delivered at the Boyle Lecture, 1691-1732, with 
 the additions and amendments of the several authors, were 
 pub., Lon., 1739, 3 vols. fol. ; an abridgment of the Ser 
 mons preached at the Boyle Lecture in 4 vols. 8vo, by 
 Rev. Gilbert Burnet, Lon., 1737. Consult Booksellers' 
 catalogues for a list of those printed separately : and see 
 Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. vi., for the names of the 
 preachers to 1810, and a list to 1846-47 in Darling's Cyc. 
 B ibliographica. 
 
 " If all other defences of religion were lost, there is solid rea 
 soning enough in these volumes to remove the scruples of most 
 unbelievers." BISHOP WATSON. 
 
 " For much important matter on the province of reason in judg 
 ing of revelation, I would earnestly recommend the theological 
 writings of the Hon. Mr. Boyle. No man had more thoroughly 
 considered the extent and limits of the human understandiiif;; 
 none, perhaps, ever combined more perfectly the characters of the 
 philosopher and the theologian." BISHOP VAN MILDERT. 
 
 We should not omit to mention that Lord Clarendon 
 urged Mr. Boyle to enter into holy orders, but remember 
 ing that " no man taketh this honour unto himself," and 
 not feeling "inwardly moved" to assume "this Office and 
 Ministration," he remained in the ranks of the laity. Yet 
 religion was ever with him the " primum mobile :" thus 
 honouring God, God forgot not his promise, and highly 
 exalted his servant; for to him was given, in a larger mea 
 sure than often pertaineth to the sons of men, understand 
 ing, and wisdom, and durable riches. His tried friend, 
 | Bishop Burnet, chose most appropriately as the text for 
 i his funeral discourse, " For God giveth to a man that is 
 
BOY 
 
 BOY 
 
 good in his sight, wisdom, knowledge, and joy." (Eccles. 
 xi. 26.) It has been truly said that 
 
 "The works of Boyle discover the solid learning and great 
 acuteness of the philosopher, blended with all that veneration for 
 God, and love to His revealed will, which so eminently character- 
 zed him as a Christian." 
 
 The value of his contributions to the cause of science, 
 to the province of Natural Philosophy especially, cannot 
 be too highly esteemed. More than two-thirds of his 
 works are composed of the results of his investigations 
 in Pneumatics, Chemistry, Medicine, and kindred sub 
 jects. The philosophers of the day and of succeeding 
 times acknowledge their obligations to Boyle in the 
 Strongest terms. What a splendid eulogy is that of the 
 great Boerhaave ! 
 
 " Mr. Boyle, the ornament of his age and country, succeeded to 
 the genius and enquiries of the great Chancellor Verulam. Which 
 of all Mr. Boyle's writings shall I recommend ? All of them ! To 
 him we owe the secrets of fire, air, water, animals, vegetables, 
 fossils : so that from his works may be deduced the whole system 
 of natural knowledge." 
 
 It has been remarked with reference to the fact that 
 Boyle was born in the same year in which Bacon died : 
 " Sol occubuit ; nox nulla secuta" est." 
 
 " For the history of nature, ancient and modern, of the produc 
 tions of all countries, of the virtues and improvements of plants, 
 of ores, and minerals, and all the varieties that are in them in 
 different climates, he was by much, by very much, the readiest 
 and perfectest I ever knew, in the greatest compass, and with the 
 nicest exactness." BISHOP BURNET. 
 
 See Sir Isaac Newton's letter to Oldenberg, respecting 
 some of Boyle's experiments, communicated to the Royal 
 Society, pub. in Phil. Trans., 1675. 
 
 " As a philosopher he conferred advantages on Science which 
 place him in the same rank with Bacon and Newton. When he 
 began his experiments, the inquiries to which he devoted himself 
 had scarcely carried the students of nature to the threshold of her 
 sanctuary. The most unwarranted suppositions were allowed to 
 hold the place of facts, and reasoning was carried on with but rare 
 appeals to any but a mere empirical experience. Aristotle had 
 still his ardent admirers on the one side, and on the other, Des 
 cartes was dazzling, as well as aweing, the minds of men into the 
 belief that Nature had unveiled herself to his bold and subtle 
 gaze." Cunningham's Biog. History. 
 
 But Boyle and his associates inherited the inductive 
 system which Bacon had left as a legacy to the world, and 
 to what a noble end did they apply their patrimony ! 
 
 " To Boyle the world is indebted, besides some very acute re 
 marks and many fine illustrations of his own upon metaphysical 
 Suestions of the highest moment, for the philosophical arguments 
 a defence of religion, which have added so much lustre to the 
 names of Derham and Bentley ; and, iar above both, to that of 
 Clarke. ... I do not recollect to have seen it anywhere noticed, 
 that some of the most striking and beautiful instances of design 
 in the order of the material world, which occur in the sermons 
 preached at Boyle's Lecture, are borrowed from the works of the 
 founder." Ditgalcl Stewart, Diss. 1st, Eno/cl. Brit. See Bird's Life 
 of Boyle: Biog. Brit. ; Thomson's Hist, of Royal Society. 
 
 Boyle, Captain Robert. Voyages and Adventures 
 in several Parts of the World, Lon., 1728, Svo. This fic 
 titious narrative, written by BENJ. VICTOR, (q, v.,) has been 
 frequently reprinted. 
 
 Boyle, Roger, 1621-1679, Baron Broghill, Earl of 
 Orrery, and fifth son of the " Great Earl of Cork," was a 
 native of Ireland, and educated at the College of Dublin.' 
 The Irish Colours Displayed, Lon., 1622, 4to. Answer to 
 a Letter of Peter Walsh's, 1662, 4to. Poem on the Death 
 of Cowley, 1657, fol. Hist, of Henry V. ; a Tragedy, 1688, 
 foL Mustapha; a Trag., 1667, fol. The Black Prince; a 
 Trag., 1672, fol. Triphon; a Trag., 1672, fol. These four 
 plays were collected and pub. in 1690, and compose the 
 1st vol. of the earl's dramatic works. Parthenissa, a Ro 
 mance, 3 vols. 4to, 1665. A Dream. Treatise upon the 
 Art of War, 1677, fol. 
 
 " Commended by many expert captains for the best piece extant 
 in English." ANTHONY WOOD. 
 
 Poems on the Fasts and the Festivals of the Church. 
 His Posthum. works are, Mr. Anthony ; a Comedy, 1692. 
 Guzman ; a Comedy, 1692. Herod the Great; a Tragedy, 
 1693. Altemira; a Tragedy, produced 1702. State Let 
 ters, pub. 1742, fol. 
 " Well worthy the notice of the reader." GRANGER. 
 
 " A man who never made a bad figure but as an author 
 
 The sensible author of a very curious life of this lord, in the Bio- 
 graphia. seems to be as bad a judge of poetry as his lordship, or 
 Cicero, when he says that his writings are never ' flat and trivial.' 
 What does he think of a hundred such lines as these? 
 " ' When to the wars of Aquitaine I went, 
 I made a friendship with the Earl of Kent.' 
 
 The Black P>~ince, act v. 
 
 " One might as well find the sublime, or the modest, or the har 
 monious, in this line : 
 
 " ' fortunatam natam me oonsule Roinam ! ' " 
 
 HORACE WALPOLE: R. <&N. Authors. 
 His treatment of his domestics and dependants com 
 
 mends itself to all who would discharge a necessary 
 duty. 
 
 " He frequently observed that the meanest of them had a soul 
 to be saved as well as himself; and therefore he not only obliged 
 his chaplain to have a due attention to their spiritual concerns, 
 but frequently inspected the discharge of his duty in this particu 
 lar." Biog. Brit. 
 
 Boyle, W. R. Treatise on the Law of Charities, 
 Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Boylston, Zabdiel, M.D., 1680-1766, a native of 
 Brookshire, Massachusetts, first introduced inoculation for 
 the smallpox into America. He pub. two works upon 
 this subject, 1721-30, (Lon., 1726,) and some communica 
 tions in the Philosophical Transactions. 
 
 Boyne, J. Letter to R. B. Sheridan, M.P., 1792, Svo. 
 
 Boyne, L. S. Cursory Remarks on the Physical and 
 Moral History of the Human Species, 1815, Svo. 
 
 Boys, Mrs. The Coalition, or Family Anecdotes ; a 
 Novel, 1785, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Boys, Edward. Sermons, edit. by R. Flynt, 1672, 4to. 
 
 Boys, Henry. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1800. 
 
 Boys, Henry. Sermons, Lon., 1841. 
 
 Boys, James. Prac. Expos, on the 39 Articles, Ac., 
 1716, fol. 
 
 Boys, or Bois, John, 1560-1643, Prebendary of Ely 
 Cathedral, trans, the Apocrypha, Ac., in the K. James's 
 version of the Holy Scriptures. He left many MSS., but 
 pub. only Veteris Interprets cum Beza aliisque recentiori- 
 bus Collatio, eto., 1655, Svo. 
 
 " Many of his strictures on Beza are correct, and his defences of 
 the Latin Vulgate often ingenious and important." ORME. 
 
 See a curious life of Bois, by himself, in Peck's Deside 
 rata. He assisted Sir Henry Saville in his edit, of St. 
 Chrysostom. 
 
 Boys, John, 1571-1625, Dean of Canterbury. Expo 
 sitions upon the Festivals, Epistles, and Gospels in the 
 English Liturgy, Lon., 1614, 4to. New edit., Phila., 1849, 
 Svo. Workes, 1622-29, fol. His Remains, viz. : Certaine 
 Sermons, 1631, 4to. 
 
 " His style partakes of the quaintness of the age, but upon the 
 whole we think him less blamable on this score than some of his 
 contemporaries." 
 
 Boys, John. ^Eneas, his Descent into Hell, Lon., 
 1661, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet. 3 3s., contains pp. 248. 
 
 Boys, John. Agriculture of Kent., Lon., 1796, Svo. 
 
 " General opinion has ever given it the palm of county reports 
 of agriculture, for soundness of judgment and enlightened practi 
 cal views." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Boys, John, M.D. Letter on Midwifery, Lon., 1807,8vo. 
 
 Boys, Thomas, of Trinity College, Cambridge. 
 Tactica Sacra : an Attempt to develope and to exhibit to 
 the Eye, by tabular Arrangement, a general Rule of Com 
 position prevailing in the Holy Scriptures, Lon., 1825, r.4to. 
 
 " An ingenious attempt to extend to the epistolary writings of 
 the N. Testament the principles of composition so ably illustrated 
 by Bishop Jebb." T. H. HORNE. 
 
 See Brit. Review, xxii. 176. Key to the Book of Psalms, 
 Lon., 1825, Svo. 
 
 " An ingenious application of Bishop Jebb's system of Poetical 
 Parallelism to the interpretation of the Book of Psalms." T. H. 
 HORNE. 
 
 " The subject of parallelism is important." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 New Testament, with a Plain Exposition for the Use of 
 Families, Lon., 1827, s. 4to. 
 
 ' : For perspicuity of expression, and power of application, it will 
 often bear comparison with the best." GIRDLESTONE. 
 
 "Original, practical, and evangelical. . . . W r ell adapted for fa 
 mily improvement." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Serins., Svo. Suppressed Evidence on Miracles, 1832, Svo. 
 Tributes to the Dead, 12mo. Word for the Church, Ac., 12mo. 
 
 Boys, T. S. Sketches of London, fol., 4 4*. Co 
 loured, 10 lOff. Picturesque Architecture of Paris, 
 Ghent, Antwerp, Rouen, Ac., 29 drawings in oil, fol., 4 4*. ; 
 imp. fol., 6 6*. 
 
 " Our recommendation of it to all who love and can appreciate 
 art cannot be given in terms too strong ; it is worthy of the high 
 est possible praise. The work is of exceeding beauty." Lon. Art 
 Union. 
 
 " A superb volume." London Spectator. 
 
 Boys, William, 1735-1803, an eminent surgeon and 
 antiquary, was a native of Kent. His principal work is 
 Collections for the History of Sandwich ; 3 parts, 4to, 
 Lon., 1786, '88, '92. 
 
 " An elaborate and valuable work." 
 
 He contributed to Duncombe's History of Reculver and 
 Herne, 1783, and pub. Observations on the Kits-Coity 
 House, in Kent, in Archseol. vol. xi. Testacea Minuta 
 Rariora, by Boys, Walker, and Jacob, was pub. in 1784, 4to. 
 
 Boyse, John. Vindication of A. Osborne, Lon., 1690, 
 4to. Sacramental Hymns, 1693, 12mo. Passages rel. to 
 E. French, 1693, Svo. 
 
 233 
 
BOY 
 
 Boyse, John. The Praise of Peace, Lon., 1742, 8vo. 
 
 Boyse, Joseph, 1660-1728, a native of Yorkshire, 
 joint-pastor with Dr. D. Williams, and afterwards with 
 Rev. Thos. Emlyn, in Dublin. Theolog. Works, 1691- 
 1724; collected, Lon., 1728, 2 vols. fol. One of his ser 
 monson the Office of a Christian Bishop was ordered 
 to be burned by the Irish Parliament, in Nov. 1711. 
 
 "Boyse has been called the dissenting Scott, but much more 
 polite. His language is plain, animated, and nervous; his matter 
 is excellently digested." DODDRIDGE. 
 
 ' Boyse, Samuel, 1708-1749, only son of the preceding. 
 Poems, 1731. Albion's Triumph, 1742 : anon. The Deity; 
 a Poem, 1740 ; 3d edit., 1752. Boyse was involved in great 
 distress in consequence of his idleness and improvidence. 
 He was one of the early associates of Dr. Johnson. 
 
 " Pope acknowledged that there were lines in his Deity which 
 he should not have been ashamed to have written." 
 
 "A beautiful and instructive poem." HERVEY : Meditations. 
 
 Boyse, Samuel. See BOYCE. 
 
 Boyston, , M.D., of New England, probably BOYLS- 
 TON, Z., (q. v.) Con. to Phil. Trans., 1724. Account of 
 Ambergris found in Whales. 
 
 Bozman, John Leeds, 1757-1823, a poet, his 
 torian, and eminent lawyer; born at Oxford, Talbot co., 
 Eastern Shore of Maryland, and educated at the Univ. of 
 Penna. 1. Observations on the Statute of Jac. I. ch. 16, 
 in relation to Estates Tail. 2. A New Arrangement of the 
 Courts of Justice of the State of Maryland, 1802. 3. His 
 tory of Maryland from 1633-60, [introduction of which 
 was pub. 1811, and the complete work in 1837,] Baltimore, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 4. Essay on the Colonization Society, Wash 
 ington, 1822. He was a constant contributor of prose and 
 verse to Dennie's Port-Folio and other journals of the day. 
 
 Bozun, or Bosen, an Anglo-Norman poet, wrote nine 
 short metrical lives of English saints, preserved in a MS. 
 of the British Museum; MSS. Cotton., Domit., A. XL, 
 and perhaps a short piece in the preface of same volume. 
 See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Brabourne, Theoph. Treatises on the Sabbath, 
 Lon., 1628-60, &c. 
 
 Brace, Rev. Charles Loring,b.l826,atLitchfield, 
 Connecticut. 1. Hungary in 1851, 12mo. 
 
 "There is probably not a work within the reach of the English 
 scholar that can afford him such a satisfactory view of Hungary, 
 as it now is, as this work of Mr. Brace." Christian Intelligencer 
 
 2. Home Life in Germany, N. York, 1853. 
 
 " A candid, earnest volume by an accurate and true-hearted ob 
 server, it will hold an unique position. We are sure this volume 
 will have a wide circulation." GEORGE RIPLET. 
 
 3. Norsefolk : Travels in Norway and Sweden, N. York, 
 1857, 12mo. 
 
 Brace, John P., b. 1798, at Litchfield, Connecticut; 
 grad. Win. College, 1812. Lecture to Young Converts. 
 Tales of the Devils. Fawn of the Pale-Faces, Ac. 
 
 Brace, Jonathan, b. 1810, in Conn.; grad. Amherst 
 Coll., 1831. Scripture Portraits, N.Y., 1854, 12mo. Ser 
 mons. Contrib. Biblical Expository, Ac. 
 Bracken, Edw. Subordination enforced ; a Serm., 1794. 
 Bracken, Henry, M.D. Works on Farriery, Lon., 
 1738-51. Weston ascribes to him The Gentleman's and 
 Farmer's Guide, 8vo. 
 
 Brackenbury, Edward. Expos, on Isaiah, Lon. 
 1802, 8vo. Fifty-Three Discourses, Lon., 1806, 2 vols. 8vo 
 " The plan is good and the execution sensible." British Critic. 
 Brackenbury, Joseph. Natale Solum, &c., 1810, 8vo 
 Brackenridge, Henry M., b. 1786, at Pittsburg 
 son of H. H. Brackenridge, (post.) 1. Views of Louisiana, 
 Ac. in 1810, Pittsburg, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 " To this work we are indebted for much various and useful in 
 formation." Edin. Rev., 1819. 
 
 2. Letter to Mr. Monroe, President of U. States; by an 
 American, pp. 100. 3. Voyage to South America in 1817- 
 18, Lon., 1820, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " An extraordinary mass of information, replete with philosophi< 
 views." BARON HUMBOLDT. 
 
 4. History of Late War between U. S. and G. Britain 
 12mo. 5. Recollections of Persons and Places in the 
 West: vol. i., 1834; vol. ii. in MS. 6. Essay on Trusts 
 and Trustees, Washington, 1842, 8vo. 7. History of the 
 Western Insurrection, MS. 
 
 Brackenridge, Hugh Henry, b. 1748, in Scotland 
 d. 1816, Judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, grad 
 at Princeton College, 1771. The Rising Glory of America, 
 a Poem, 1774. Eulogium of the Bravo Men who fell in 
 the Contest with Great Britain, 1779. Modern Chivalry 
 The Adventures of Captain Farrago, 1792; 2d ed., 1808 
 2 vols. Incidents of the Insurrection in 1794 in Pennsyl 
 vania, 1795. Law Miscellanies, 1814. 
 
 " These Miscellanies are worthy of a careful perusal." Anthori 1 
 Blk., 30. 
 
 234 
 
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 Brackenridge, William. 17 Sermons, 1764, 8vo. 
 
 Braconnet, Henry. Chemical Con. to Nic. Jour. 
 &c., 1807-17. 
 
 Bracton, Henry de, an eminent English lawyer of 
 the 13th century, is stated by Sir William Pole and Prince 
 
 'de Worthies of Devon) to have been a native of Devon 
 shire. He appears to have studied at Oxford, where he 
 took the degree of LL.D. In ancient records his name is 
 written in various ways; as Bracton, Bratton, Breton, 
 Bretton, Briton, Britton, and Brycton : but Bp. Nicolson, 
 
 ho adduces these names, confounds Bracton with John 
 Breton. In 1244 King Henry III. made him one of the 
 judges itinerant. His learned work, De Legibus et Con- 
 suetudinibus, was first printed in 1569, folio. In 1640 it 
 was printed in 4to, after an examination of many MSS. 
 It has, however, been alleged that some of the most cor 
 rect MSS. were overlooked. One of the best MSS. of his 
 valuable works was burnt Oct. 23, 1731, by a fire which 
 seriously damaged the Cotton Library at Ashburnhsiin 
 House. It is divided into five books, and these into tracts 
 and chapters. 
 
 " Consistently with the extensiveness and regularity of the plan, 
 the several parts of it are filled with a curious and accurate detail 
 of legal learning; so that the reader never fails of deriving in 
 struction or amusement from the study of this scientific treatise 
 on our ancient laws and customs. It is written in a style much 
 beyond the generality of the writers of the age ; being, though 
 not always polished, yet sufficiently clear, expressive, and nervous. 
 The excellence of Bracton's style must be attributed to his ac 
 quaintance with the writings of the Roman lawyers and canonists, 
 from whom likewise he adopted greater helps than the language 
 in which he wrote. Many of those pithy sentences which have 
 been handed down from him as rules and maxims of our law, are 
 to be found in the volumes of the imperial and pontifical juris 
 prudence. . . . The value set on this work soon after its publica 
 tion is evinced by the treatises of Britton and Fleta, which are 
 nothing more than appendages to Bracton. The latter was in 
 tended as an epitome of that author; and the most of the former 
 is confined to the single office of supplying some few articles that 
 had been touched lightly hy him, with the addition of the statutes 
 made since he wrote. In after times he continued the great trea 
 sure of our ancient jurisprudence. Thus was Bracton deservedly 
 looked up to as the first source of legal knowledge, even so low 
 down as the days of Lord Coke, who seems to have made the au 
 thor his guide in all inquiries into the foundation of our law." 
 
 Our legal readers are aware of the fact that M. Houard, 
 the Norman advocate, when he prepared an edition of 
 Glanville, Fleta, and Britton, refused to admit Bracton to 
 such good company, on the ground that his writings had 
 corrupted the law of England ! This is like turning an 
 aged and virtuous Pater familias out of doors on the 
 charge of disgracing his offspring ! For an answer to M. 
 Houard's assertions, we need only point to his edition of 
 Littleton Anciennes Loix des Francois. But we must not 
 forget that laymen are expected to " occupy the place of 
 the unlearned" in such matters. Bracton's great work can 
 never be "ruled out of court" by any "statute of limita 
 tions." To the student of law, to the antiquary, and to 
 all who feel pleasure in tracing the progressive improve 
 ments of a great science, its value will ever be consider 
 able. 
 
 " The law-books of Bracton and Fleta were the ancient law of 
 the land, extending to all cases. These books are so strong, that 
 there has been no means of evading them but by denying then- 
 authority, and calling them books of civil law, and I never knew 
 them denied for law except where some statute or ancient usago 
 has altered them." LORD ALAND. 
 
 " There be some ancient writers of the law, namely, Bracton, 
 Britton, and Glainville, whom, as it is not unprofitable to read, so 
 to rely upon them is dangerous; for most of that which they do 
 give forth for law is now antiquated and abolished. Their books 
 are monumenta adcrandce rvhiginis, which be of more reverence 
 than authority." FULBECK. 
 
 " Bracton and Fortescue are the two most learned of the ancient 
 Lawyers." BISHOP WARBURTON. 
 
 " The best of judicial classics." SIR WILLIAM JONES. 
 
 See Reeves's History of the English Law; Prince's 
 Worthies of Devon ; Brooke's Bibl. Legum, vol. ii. ; Biog. 
 Brit.; Bale; Pits; Tanner; Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 Bradberry, David. Letter rel. to Test Act, &c., 1789. 
 Tetestai; a Poem, 1794. 
 
 Bradbury, John. Travels in the Interior of America 
 in 1809, '10, '11 ; including a Description of Upper Loui 
 siana, Kentucky, Indiana, and Tennessee, Lon., 1817, 8vo. 
 
 Bradbury, Thomas, 1677-1759, a Dissenting minis 
 ter, stationed in London, was celebrated for his facetious- 
 ness. He pub. a number of theological works, 1702-52. 
 Works, 3 vols. 8vo, 1762; again, 1772. He introduces 
 politics largely into his discourses. 
 
 " His style is copious and sprightly, and his Sermons discover 
 very extensive acquaintance with the Sacred Writings." WALTEB 
 WILSON : History of the Dissenters. 
 
 " His sermons ail deserve reading. He was an excellent textu- 
 ary ; his manner of handling doctrinal subjects is truly strength- 
 
BRA 
 
 ening to faith, tending to comfort, and subservient to practice." 
 DR. K. WILLIAMS. 
 
 Bradbury, Wm. B., b. 1816, at York, Maine. Dis 
 tinguished Musical Writer. Spent two years in Europe 
 pursuing his musical studies, and in collecting a large and 
 rare library of Musical Works. He was a pupil of the 
 celebrated M. Hauptman, Prof, of Harmony, <fcc. at Leip- 
 sic. Young Choir, N. Y., 1841. School Singer, 1843. 
 Flora's Festival, 1845. Young Melodist. Musical Gems. 
 Sabbath School Melodies. Young Shawm, 1855, Ac. 
 
 "The above juvenile singing-books are very extensively used." 
 
 Psalinodist. Choralist. Mendelssohn Collection. Psal- 
 mata, or Choir Melodies. The Shawm, 1854, N. Y. 
 
 " These collections of Sacred Music are very popular." 
 
 Social Singing-Book. Alpine Glee-Book. Metropolitan 
 Glee-Book. Editor of N. York Musical Review, and Con- 
 trib. to various journals. 
 
 Bradby, James. Law of Distresses, Lon., 1808, Svo. 
 
 Braddick, John. Con. to Trans. Hortic. Soc., 1817. 
 
 Braddon, Lawrence. Essex's Innocency and Ho 
 nour Vindicated, Lon., 1690, 4to. Other works, 1614-1725. 
 The Miseries of the Poor a National Sin and Shame,1717,8vo. 
 
 Bradford, A. W. American Antiquities, and Re- 
 gearches into the Origin and History of the Red Race, New 
 York, 1843, imp. Svo. 
 
 " An able investigation of a subject which has excited much at 
 tention. This able work is a very desirable companion to those of 
 Stephens and others on the Ruins of Central America." 
 
 Bradford, Alden, LL.D., 1765-1843, a native of 
 Duxbury, Mass., pub. several works on History and Bio 
 graphy, the best-known of which is A History of Massa 
 chusetts. 
 
 Bradford, Annie Chambers, b. at Georgetown, Ky., 
 1828. 1. Nelly Bracken ; a Story of South- Western Life, 
 Phila., 1854, 12mo. 2. Collection of Poems, 1855, 12mo. 
 
 Bradford, John, one of the most eminent martyrs in 
 the reign of Queen Mary, was burnt at Smithfield in 1555. 
 He was born at Manchester, in the former part of the reign 
 of Henry VIII.,entered of Catherine Hall, Cambridge, 1548, 
 was ordained 1550, and obtained great popularity as a 
 preacher. He wrote many theological treatises, the most 
 of which were pub. after his murder. An edit. pub. by 
 The Parker Society, Camb., 1848, was edited by Aubrey 
 Townsend, Esq. His Life, Writings, and Selections from 
 his Correspondence will be found in vol. vi. of the Fathers 
 of the English Church ; and see Memoirs of the Life and 
 Martyrdom of, with letters, &c., by William Stevens, Lon., 
 1832, Svo. Writings in British Reformers. Religious 
 Tract Society, 12mo. Twenty-two of his letters will be 
 found in Coverdale's collection, and some of them are in 
 Fox and other Martyrologies. 
 
 " Bradford's Letters are among the most edifying and instruc 
 tive remains of this period. The sweet spirit of adoption breathes 
 throughout." Bi CKERSTETH. 
 
 Bradford, John. Letter to the Erles of Arundel, 
 Darbie, Shrewsbury, and Pembroke, declai-ig the Nature 
 of Spaniardes, <fec., 1555, 16mo. 
 
 Bradford, John. Letter to the Inhabitants of Saf 
 fron Walden, 1813. 
 
 Bradford, John. Sermon, Lon., 1746, Svo. 
 
 Bradford, Samuel, D.D., 1652-1731, entered of 
 Bene't College, Cambridge, 1672; Prebendary of West 
 minster, 1707; Bishop of Carlisle, 1718 ; translated to Ro 
 chester, 1723. The Credibility of the Christian Religion, 
 preached at Boyle's Lecture, Lon., 1699, 1700, 4to; 1739, 
 fol. He also pub. separately 23 sermons, 1692-1720. He 
 assisted in the publication of Tillotson's Works. 
 
 Bradford, Samuel Dexter, of West Roxbury, Mass. 
 His writings, collected by himself, were printed for private 
 circulation. The opening article was composed in 1813 ; the 
 last contribution was written in 1855. Bost., 1858, pp. 427, 
 
 Bradford, William, 1588-1657, second governor 
 of Plymouth Colony, wrote a history of the Plymouth 
 people and colony, 1602-47, left in MS, Bost., 1856, Svo. 
 
 " Morton's memorial is an abridgment of it. Prince and Hutch- 
 inson had the use of it." 
 
 A fragment from his MS. book of copies of letters rela 
 tive to the affairs of the colony has been pub. by the Mas 
 sachusetts Historical Society. 
 
 "To which is subjoined a description and historical account of 
 New England in Verse." 
 
 He also pub. some theological pieces. 
 
 Bradford, William. Sketches of Portugal and 
 Spain, Lon., 1809, fol. 
 
 Bradford, William. Sermon, Lon., 1843, Svo. 
 
 Bradford, William, 1755-1795, Attorney-general of 
 the United States, was a native of Philadelphia. He 
 pub. An Enquiry how far the Punishment of Death is ne 
 cessary in Pennsylvania, with- an Account of the Peniten- 
 
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 | tiary House of Philadelphia, by Caleb Lownes, 1795, Svo. 
 This work was written at the request of Governor Mifflin. 
 1 Mr. Bradford was in early life a poetical contributor to the 
 Philadelphia magazines. 
 
 Bradley. Present for Caesar against Tithes, Svo. 
 
 Bradley, C. Educational works, 1809-16. 
 
 Bradley, Charles, Vicar of Glastonbury, Perp. 
 Curate of St. James's, Clapham. Sermons preached in 
 the Parish Church of High Wycombe, Lon., 1819, Svo. 
 Parochial Sermons, Lon., 1827, Svo. Sermons preached 
 in St. James's Chapel, Clapham, Surrey; 2d ed., Lon., 
 1832, Svo. Sermons preached chiefly at the Celebration 
 of the Lord's Supper ; 2d ed., Lon., 1843, Svo. Prac 
 tical Sermons for Every Sunday and Principal Holy Day 
 in the Year; 3d edit., Lon., 1848, 2 vols. Svo. Some of 
 the vols. have gone through many editions. 
 
 " Bradley's style is sententious, pithy, and colloquial. He is 
 simple, without being quaint, and he almost holds conversation 
 with his hearers without descending from the dignity of the sa 
 cred chair." London Eclectic Review. 
 
 " We earnestly desire that every pulpit in the kingdom may be 
 the vehicle of discourses as judicious and practical, as scriptural 
 and devout, as these." London Christian Observer. 
 
 " Very able and evangelical." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Bradley, Christopher. Sermon, 1666, 4to. 
 
 Bradley, F., M.D. Profess, works, 1815-18. 
 
 Bradley, Henry. Remarks on the Ancient Physi 
 cian's Legacy, Lon., 1733, Svo. 
 
 Bradley, James, 1692-1762, an eminent astronomer 
 and divine, a native of Shireborn, in Gloucestershire, was 
 admitted a commoner of Baliol College, Oxford, in 1710 ; 
 ordained deacon and priest in 1719; chosen Savilian Pro 
 fessor of Astronomy in Oxford, Oct. 31, 1721. He pub. a 
 Letter to the Earl of Macclesfield on the fixed stars, Lon., 
 1747, 4to. Some of his astronomical papers were pub. in 
 Phil. Trans., 1723, '28, '57. He left 13 folio and 2 quarto 
 yols. of observations made during 20 years at the Royal 
 Observatory; from these were pub. by the University of 
 Oxford, Astronomical Observations, <fcc., edited by the Rev. 
 N. Bliss, Oxf., 1798-1805. 
 
 " It is said there was not an astronomer of any eminence in the 
 world, with whom he had not a literary correspondence." 
 
 Bradley, John. Sermons, 1706-13, 4to. 
 
 Bradley, John. Astronomical Con. to Trans. Ame- 
 ric. Soc. i. 108. 
 
 Bradley, O. W., M.D. A Treatise on Forensic Me 
 dicine, or Medical Jurisprudence, 1815. 
 
 Bradley, R. Practical Points, or Maxims in Con 
 veyancing, 3d edit., Lon., Svo, by J. Riston. 
 
 " They contain some useful hints, but are not all to be depended 
 upon." 
 
 Bradley, Richard, d. 1732, Professor of Botany at 
 Cambridge, 1724, was a voluminous writer upon garden 
 ing and agriculture, 1716-29, his works forming two folio, 
 four quarto, and nearly twenty Svo volumes. 
 
 Historia Plantarum Succulentarum, in Latin and Eng 
 lish, 1716-27, 4to, with plates. 
 
 " The figures are exceedingly well done in the style of the time. 
 It preserves its value, as being cited by Linnaeus, and as containing 
 some plants not figured in any other publication." DR. PULTENEY. 
 
 A Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature, 1721,4to. 
 
 " This was a popular, instructive, and entertaining work, and 
 continued in repute several years." Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. 
 
 The same may be said of his General Treatise of Hus 
 bandry and Gardening, 2 vols. Svo, 1726, and of his Prac 
 tical Discourses concerning the four Elements as they re 
 late to the growth of Plants, Svo, 1727. Dictionarium 
 Botanicum, 2 vols. Svo, 1728. Dr. Pulteney thinks that 
 this was the first attempt of the kind in English. For a 
 list of Bradley's works, with comments thereon, see Ni 
 chols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. i. 446; and consult Do 
 naldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 " Though Bradley's writings do not abound in new discoveries, 
 yet they are not destitute of interesting knowledge, collected from 
 contemporary gardeners and from books. He was an advocate 
 for the circulation of the sap, and made several new observations 
 on the sexes of plants, in consequence of the production of hybrid 
 species, by which he added strength to that doctrine." Dr Pair 
 teney's Hist, and Biog. Sketches, vol. ii. 
 
 Bradley, S. A Sermon on Selfishness, 180S. 
 
 Bradley, Samuel. Cause of the Innocent, 1664, 4to. 
 
 Bradley, Stephen R., of Connecticut, d. 1830, aged 
 76. He pub. Vermont's Appeal, 1779, which has been 
 sometimes ascribed to Ira Allen. 
 
 Bradley, Thomas. Sermons, 1650-70, 4to. 
 
 Bradley, Thomas, D.D. Sermons, 1661-67, 4to. 
 
 Bradley, Thomas, M.D., d. 1813, aged 62. A New 
 Medical Dictionary, Lon., 1803, 12ino. Con. to Med. Phys. 
 Jour.; Memoirs Med., &o., 1795-1813. 
 
 Bradley, William H., of Rhode Island, d. 1825. He 
 pub. Giuseppino, 1822, and many fugitive pieces of poetry. 
 
BRA 
 
 Bradly, John. Elements of Geography, 1813. 
 
 Bradney, Joseph. Art of the Apothecary, 1796, 
 8vo. Bullion and Banks, 1810, 8vo. Ancient Layman, 
 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Bradshaigh, Thomas. Sermons, 1715, '20, '47. 
 
 Bradshaw. Treatise on Wools, 1754, 8vo. 
 
 Bradshaw, Henry, an early English poet, d. 1513, 
 entered whilst a boy into the Benedictine monastery of 
 St. Werberg, in Chester, his native city. He studied at 
 Gloucester, now Worcester, College, in the suburbs of Ox 
 ford, and after a course of theology 
 
 " He returned to his cell at St. Werberg, and in his elder years 
 wrote De Antiquitate & Magniflcentia Urbis Cestriae ; Chronicon, 
 &c.," so necessary, even to the most devout, is regular labour. 
 
 He trans, from the Latin The Holy Lyfe and History 
 of Saynt Werburge, very frutefull for all Christen People 
 to rede. Imprinted by Richard Pynson, 1521, 4to , sup 
 posed to have been trans, ante 1500. See an interesting 
 account of this volume in Dibdin's Typog. Antiq. vol. ii. 
 491. It is a volume of great rarity. Sold in the Wood- 
 house sale for 31 10s.; priced in Bibl. Anglo-Poet. 63 ; 
 resold by Saunders in 1818 for 42. 
 
 Lyfe of 'Saynt Radegunde. Impr. by Richard Pynson, 4to. 
 
 " Although the name of the author or translator of this book 
 does not directly appear upon the face of it, yet on comparing it 
 with the life of St. Werburge, it may readily be perceived that 
 both were penned by the same person, Henry Bradshaw, but 
 hitherto omitted in every list of his works." Herbert's Typog. Antiq. 
 
 Sold at the Woodhouse sale, 1803, for 17 17s. 
 
 "Henry Bradshaw has rather larger pretensions to poetical fame 
 than William of Nassington, although scarcely deserving the name 
 of an original writer in any respect. . . . Bale, a violent reformer, 
 observes, that our poet was a person remarkably pious for the 
 times in which he flourished. This is an indirect satire on the 
 monks, and on the period which preceded the Reformation. I be 
 lieve it will readily be granted, that our author had more piety 
 than poetry." Wartoris Hist, of Eng. Poetry. 
 
 But audi alter am partem : 
 
 " It is presumed from the specimen of Bradshaw's poetry above 
 selected, that his name will stand among the foremost in the list 
 of those of the period wherein he wrote. His descriptions are 
 oftentimes happy, as well as minute; and there is a tone of moral 
 purity and rational piety in his thoughts, enriched by the legend 
 ary lore of romance, that renders many passages of his poem 
 [Saynt Werburge] exceedingly interesting." Dibdin's Typ. Antiq., 
 vol. ii. 491. See also Wood's Athen. Oxon., by Bliss, i. 13-19, and 
 Savage's Librarian, ii. 75-79. 
 
 Bradshaw, James, d. 1702, aged 67, a Noncon 
 formist divine, educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. 
 The Sleepy Spouse of Christ alarmed, Lon., 1677, 8vo. 
 The Trial and Triumph of Faith. 
 
 Bradshaw, John. Nature and Obligation of Oaths, 
 Lon., 1662, 4to. Concerning Tenderness of Conscience, 
 Lon., 4to. 
 
 Bradshaw, Hon. Mary Ann Cavendish. Me 
 moirs of the Countess d'Alva, 2 vols. 8vo, 1808. Ferdi 
 nand and Ordella, 2 vols. 12mo, 1810. 
 
 Bradshaw, Sergeant. Heroic Epistle to John 
 Dunning, Esq., 1780, 4to. 
 
 Bradshaw, Thomas. The Shepherd's Starre, Now 
 of late scene, and at this hower to be observed merueilous 
 orient in the East: which bringeth glad tydings to all 
 that may behold her brightness, hauing the foure elements 
 with the foure Capitall vertues in her, which makes her 
 Elementall and a vanquisher of all earthly humors. De 
 scribed by a Gentleman late of the Right worthie and 
 honorable the Lord Burgh, his companie and retinue in 
 the Briell in Northholland. London, printed by Robert 
 Robinson, 1591, 4to, pp. 60. Priced in Bibl. Anglo-Poet. 
 30 ; resold by Saunders, in 1818, for 10 10s. ! 
 
 Bradshaw, William, 1571-1618, an eminent Puri 
 tan divine, admitted of Emanuel College, Cambridge, 
 1589; minister of Chatham, Kent, 1601; subsequently 
 lecturer of Christ Church, Newgate Street, London. Eng 
 lish Puritanism, 1605. 
 
 This is valuable, as showing the difference between the princi 
 ples of the ancient and modern Nonconformists. Neal has given 
 an abstract of it, and Dr. Ames translated it into Latin." 
 
 Treatise of Justification, Lon., 1615, 8vo. The same in 
 Latin, Leyd., 1618, 12mo ; Oxon., 1658, 8vo. Other works. 
 
 " He was of a strong brain and of a free spirit, not suffering 
 himself for small differences of judgment to be alienated from his 
 friends, to whom, notwithstanding his seeming austerity, he was 
 very pleasing in conversation, being full of witty and harmless 
 urbanity." BISHOP HALL. 
 
 Bradshaw, William, D.D., Bishop of Bristol, 1724, 
 d. 1732, aged 60. Two Sermons, 1714, '47, 8vo. 
 
 Bradstreet, Anne, 1613-1672, daughter of Thomas 
 Dudley, Governor of Massachusetts, was a native of 
 Northampton, England. At the age of 16 she married 
 Simon Bradstreet, and accompanied him to America in 
 1630. Her husband became Governor of Massachusetts 
 in 1680. Among the descendants of Mrs. Bradstreet who 
 
 BRA 
 
 have risen to distinction, is RICHARD H. DANA,(g. v.,) the 
 well-known American author. The first collection of Mrs. 
 Bradstreet's poems was pub. in 1640, under the title of 
 Several Poems, compiled with great variety of Wit and 
 Learning, full of delight ; wherein especially is contained 
 a compleat Discourse and Description of the Four Ele 
 ments, Constitutions, Ages of Man, and Seasons of the 
 Year, together with an exact Epitome of the Three First 
 Monarchies, viz.: The Assyrian, Persian, and Grecian; 
 and the beginning of the Roman Commonwealth to the 
 end of their last King, with divers other Pleasant and 
 Serious Poems : by a Gentlewoman of New England. 
 This vol. was reprinted in London with the " Tenth Muse, 
 lately sprung up in America," prefixed to the title. A 
 second American edition, from the press of John Foster, 
 Boston, in 1678 : 
 
 "Corrected by the author, and enlarged by the addition of 
 several other poems found among her papers after her death." 
 
 Mrs. Bradstreet's poems bear evidence of an intimate 
 acquaintance with, and great admiration of, " Great Bartas' 
 sugared lines." Sylvester's trans, of the Divine Weeks of 
 Du Bartas had introduced this poet to a large circle of 
 English admirers. 
 
 Mrs. Bradstreet thus expresses her admiration of the 
 Soldier-Poet : 
 
 " But when my wandering eyes and envious heart 
 Great Bartas' sugared lines do but read o'er, 
 
 Fool ! I do grudge the muses did not part 
 'Twixt him and me their over-fluent store. 
 
 A Bartas can do what a Bartas will 
 
 But simple I, according to my skill." 
 
 Nathaniel Ward, the author of The Simple Cobbler of 
 Agawam, would have us to understand that, whatever 
 might be Mrs. Bradstreet's opinion in the premises, yet 
 Apollo was not by any means satisfied of the unquestion 
 able precedence of Du Bartas : 
 
 " Mercury showed Apollo Bartas' book, 
 Minerva this, and wished him well to look 
 And tell uprightly which did which excel, 
 He viewed and viewed and vowed he could not tell." 
 
 See Griswold's Female Poets of America. 
 
 More distinguished authorities than Ward vied in cele 
 brating Mrs. Bradstreet's poetical effusions. 
 Dr. Cotton Mather considered her works to be 
 " A monument to her memory, beyond the stateliest marble." 
 Magnolia. 
 
 "Your only hand those poesies did compose; 
 Your head the source whence all these springs did flow." 
 
 JOHN ROGERS : President of Harvard College. 
 " Now I believe Tradition, which doth call 
 The Muses, Virtues, Graces, females all ; 
 Only they are not nine, eleven, nor three : 
 Our authoress proves them but one unity." 
 BENJAMIN WOOVKRIDGE, first graduate of Harvard College. 
 " One unity :" is it possible ? How strange ! 
 John Norton describes this 
 
 " peerless gentlewoman, the mirror of her age and glory of her sex : 
 " ' Praise her who list, yet he shall be a debtor, 
 
 For art ne'er feigned, nor nature formed, a better.' " 
 " These praises run into hyperbole, and prove, perhaps, that 
 their authors were more gallant than critical ; but we perceive 
 from Mrs. Bradstreet's poems that they are not destitute of imagi 
 nation, and that she was thoroughly instructed in the best learn 
 ing of the age." R. W. GRISWOLD. 
 
 In the height of enthusiasm, good John Norton goes so 
 far as to declare, that if Virgil could hear her works, he 
 would condemn his own to the flames. As the Mantuan 
 Bard is not likely to be gratified by hearing Mrs. Brad- 
 street's effusions, it is idle to discuss the position assumed 
 by Norton, and argue whether Virgil would or would not 
 be capable of such an act of philanthropic abnegation, or 
 ebullition of disappointed rivalry, as the combustion of 
 his verses would display to the eyes of an astonished and 
 mourning world. Miserable as Virgil's effusions may be, 
 when compared with the verses of Mrs. Bradstreet, jet 
 somehow we have become accustomed to him, and could 
 better spare a better poet, even the famed " Tenth Muse" 
 herself. 
 
 Bradstreet, Anne. Poems, Lon., 1858. 
 
 Bradstreet, Capt. Dudley. Life and Uncommon 
 Adventures of, Dublin, 1755, 8vo. Major Dudley Brad- 
 street, son of Governor Simon Bradstreet, was taken pri 
 soner, with his wife, by the Indians, at Andover, in 1698. 
 
 Bradstreet, Robert. The Sabine Farm ; a Poem, 
 Lon., 1810, 8vo. 
 
 Bradstreet, Simon, d. 1741, aged 72, minister at 
 Charlestown, Massachusetts, wrote a Latin epitaph upon 
 his predecessor, Rev. Mr. Morton, which has been pre 
 served by the Mass. Hist, Society. Mass. Hist. Coll. vir. 75. 
 
 Bradstreet, Simon, d. 1771, minister at Marble- 
 head, Massachusetts, was a son of the preceding. He 
 
BRA 
 
 pub. a sermon on the death of his brother Samuel, 1755. 
 Mass. Hist. Coll., viii. 75, 76. 
 
 Bradwardin, Bradwardine, or Bredwardme, 
 Thomas, an English schoolman of the 14th century, 
 known as the "Profound Doctor," was consecrated Arch 
 bishop of Canterbury in 1349, and died a few weeks after 
 wards. He was of Merton College, Oxford, and one of the 
 Proctors of that University in 1325. Astronomical Tables 
 in MS. in the possession of Sir Henry Savile. Geome- 
 trica Speculativa, cum Arithmetica speculativa, Paris, 
 1495-1504, fol. Arithmetica, printed separately in 1502; 
 other editions of both, 1512-30. De Proportionibus, Paris, 
 1495; Venice, 1505, fol. De Quadratura Circuli, Paris, 
 1495, fol. De Causa Dei contra Pelagium, et de Virtute 
 Causarum libri tres; ex editione Henrici Savilii, Lon., 
 1 618, fol. This refutation of Pelagianism is Bradwardine's 
 principal work, and gained him great renown. 
 
 " As Bradwardine was a very excellent mathematician, he en 
 deavoured to treat theological subjects with a mathematical accu 
 racy was the first divine, as far as I know, says Sir Henry Savile, 
 who pursued that method. The book against Pelagianism is one 
 regular connected series of reasoning from principle, or conclusions 
 which have been demonstrated before." 
 
 ' Accused by the Catholics as holding out the same doctrine 
 which has since been termed Protestantism." DR. ADAM CLARKE. 
 
 " It is a surprising work for the age in which it appeared." 
 
 BlCKERSTETH. 
 
 The story upon which Parnell's poem of the Hermit is 
 founded is supposed to have been derived from an apo 
 logue in this book. Chaucer refers to Bradwardine as a 
 great authority in the Schools. See The Nonnes Priestes Tale. 
 Bradwell, Stephen. A Watchman for the Post, 
 Lon., 1625, 4to. Helps for Suddain Accidents, Lon., 1633, 
 12mo. Physick for the Plague, Lon., 1636, 4to. 
 
 Brady, J. H. Churchwarden and Overseer's Guide, 
 Lon., 12mo. Law of Debtor and Creditor, 12mo. Diction 
 ary of Parochial Law and Taxation, 12mo. Executor's 
 Account-Book, 4to. Guide to Knole, Kent, 1839, 8vo; do., 
 Lon., 12ino. Familiar Law Adviser, ISmo. Other works. 
 
 Brady, John. The Clavis Calendaria, or a Com 
 pendious Analysis of the Kalendar. Illustrated by Ec 
 clesiastical, Historical, and Classical Anecdotes, Lon., 
 1813, 2 vols. 8vo ; abridged, 1814, 12mo. 
 
 ' : Especially to students in divinity and law, it will be an in 
 valuable acqxiisition ; and we hesitate not to declare that, in pro 
 portion as its merits become known to the public, it will find its 
 way to the libraries of every gentleman and scholar in the king 
 dom." Lon. Quart. Review. 
 
 " Very few publications have so fair a claim to merit." Lon. 
 Gent. Mag. 
 
 "Replete with learning and anecdote, so as to command the 
 most lively attention." Anti-Jacobin Review. 
 
 Dissertations on the Names of Persons, 12mo. Varieties 
 of Literature, 8vo. 
 
 Brady, Nicholas, 1659-1726, a native of Bandon, 
 Ireland, educated at Westminster and Christ Church, Ox 
 ford, became minister of Richmond, Surrey, and Rector of 
 Clapham. Theolog. Treatises, Sermons, Ac., 1695-1724. 
 The .ZEneids of Virgil, trans, into English verse, Lon., 
 1726, 4 vols. Svo, pub. by subscription. He is best known 
 by the New Version of the Psalms of David, executed in 
 conjunction with Nahum Tate, Lon., 1695, Svo ; (the first 
 20,) 1698, 8vo; 1700, 1703. 
 
 " Tate and Brady are too quaint, and where the Psalmist rises 
 to sublimity (which is very often the case) are apt to sink into 
 bombast; yet Tate and Brady have many good passages, especially 
 in those psalms that contain simple enunciations of moral truth." 
 DR. BEATTIE. 
 
 Brady, Nicholas. Sermon, 1738, 4to. 
 
 Brady, Robert, M.D., d. 1700, a native of Norfolk, 
 was admitted of Caius College, Cambridge, 1643. An 
 Answer to Mr. Petyt's book on Parliaments, Lon., 1681, 
 8vo. An Introduction to the Old English History, <fcc., 
 Lon., 1681, 4to ; 2d edit, enlarged, 1684, fol. Dr. B. wrote 
 two other treatises on historical matters, 1690-91, and a 
 letter to Dr. Sydenham on the Influence of the Air on 
 Human Bodies ; pub. in Sydenham's Works. But his 
 best-known work is A Complete History of England from 
 the first Entrance of the Romans to the Death of K. 
 Richard II., vol. i., Lon., 1685, fol.; ii., 1700, fol.; with 
 the Introduction, (see above,) 1684, 3 vols. fol. Hume is 
 said to have been chiefly indebted to Brady for the facts 
 and principles of his history. Brady's accuracy has been 
 highly commended. 
 
 " It is compiled so religiously upon the very text, letters, and 
 syllable of the authorities, especially those upon record, that the 
 work may justly pass for an antiquarian law-book." LORD KEEPER 
 GUILFORD. 
 
 " It is a work which will every year necessarily become rarer 
 and rarer, and the well-disposed towards an acquisition of good 
 old English History, will do well to secure a copy of it." Dibdirfs 
 Library Companion. 
 
 BRA 
 
 Brady, Samuel. Medical Essays, 1722, Ac. 
 
 Brady, Terence, M.D. Medical Essays, 1755-60. 
 
 Bragge, Francis, Vicar of Hitchin, and Prebendary 
 of Lincoln. Discourse on the Parables, Lon., 1694, 2 vols. 
 8vo. Observations on the Miracles, 2 vols. 8vo, 1702-04. 
 Thirteen Sermons, 1713, 8vo. Theol. Works, 5 vols. Svo. 
 
 "I would likewise recommend Bragge on the Parables and 
 Miracles of our Saviour : especially if one would learn to emanci 
 pate himself from the slavery of using notes." DR. WOTTON. 
 
 Dr. Wotton also recommends the study of Bragge's Dis 
 courses " to prepare the mind, and, consequently the style, 
 for the composition of Sermons." 
 
 Bragge, Francis. A Treatise on Witchcraft, 1712,8vo. 
 
 Bragge, J. Duke of York as Commander, 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Bragge, Robert,1665-1737-38. Sermons,1674-l739. 
 
 Brahm, W. G. de. Atlantic Pilot, Lon., 1772, 8vo. 
 
 Braid, James. Neurypnology, or the Rationale of 
 Nervous Sleep, considered in relation with Animal Mag 
 netism, Lon., 1843, 8vo. 
 
 Unlimited skepticism is equally the child of imbecility, as im 
 plicit credulity." DUGALD STEWART. 
 
 Braidwood, Messrs. Vox Oculis subjecta, 1783, 8vo. 
 
 Braidwood, W. Baptist, of Edinburgh. Theolog. 
 Works, with Memoir of his Life and Writings, by William 
 Jones, 1838, 8vo. 
 
 " He possessed a masculine understanding, profound acquaint 
 ance with Scripture, and discriminating judgment." 
 
 Brailsford, J. Sermons, 1761-76, 8vo. 
 
 Braim, T. H. History of New South Wales to 1844, 
 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " As a regular systematic account of this colony, developing the 
 present state and future prospects of the fifth quarter of the globe, 
 Mr. Braim's history merits and will obtain a permanent place in 
 the library." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 Brainard, John G. C., 1796-1828, an American 
 poet of considerable note, was a native of New London, 
 Connecticut. He graduated at Yale College in 1815, and 
 then commenced the practice of the law at Middletown, 
 Conn. A volume of his poems, consisting partly of his 
 contributions to the Connecticut Mirror, which he edited 
 for five years, was pub. in 1825, and very favourably re 
 ceived. This volume contained but little more than half 
 of the poetry comprised in the third edition. An edit, was 
 pub. in 1832, which contains an account of his life by John 
 G. Whittier, an intimate friend. A number of pieces in 
 this volume were not the compositions of Brainard. The 
 last edition of his works, pub. in 1842, (Hartford, 16mo,) 
 gives us some insight into his career as a Newspaper Editor 
 that Sisyphus of modern days. 
 
 "He foiled only in his humorous pieces; in all the rest his 
 language is appropriate and pure, his diction free and harmonious, 
 and his sentiments natural and sincere. His serious poems are 
 characterized by deep feeling and delicate fancy ; and if we had no 
 records of his history, they would show that he was a man of 
 great gentleness, simplicity, and purity." R. W. GRISWOLD. 
 
 Brainerd, David, 1718-1747, an eminent missionary 
 to the North American Indians, was a native of Haddam, 
 Connecticut. An Account of his Life, chiefly from his 
 own Diary, by Jonathan Edwards ; to which is annexed 
 I. Mr. Brainerd's Journal while among the Indians. II. Mr. 
 Pemberton's Sermon at his ordination. With an Appendix 
 relative to Indian Affairs, Edin., 1765, 8vo. A new edit, 
 of his Memoirs was pub. in 1822, by Sereno Edwards 
 Dwight, including his Journal. Mr. Edwards had omitted 
 the already printed Journals, which had been pub. in two 
 parts ; the first from June 19th to Nov. 4, 1745, entitled 
 Mirabilia Dei inter Indicos ; the second from Nov. 24 to 
 June 19, 1746, under the title Divine Grace Displayed, &c. 
 Mr. Dwight has incorporated those journals in a regular 
 chronological series with the rest of the Diary as above 
 given by Edwards. 
 
 His friend, President Edwards, declares that he 
 
 " Never knew his equal of his age and standing, for clear, accu 
 rate notions of the nature and essence of true religion, and ita 
 distinctions from its various false appearances." 
 
 Brainthwait, William, Master of Gonville and 
 Caius College, was one of the 47 divines commissioned by 
 James I. to prepare the version of the Holy Scriptures 
 which bears the name of that monarch. The Apocrypha 
 was confided to Drs. Brainthwait, Radclyfle, Downes, 
 Boyse, and Messrs. Ward. 
 
 Braithwait, Gulielmus. Siren Coelestis, Lon., 1638. 
 
 Braithwait, Richard. See BRATHWAIT. 
 
 Braithwaite, Captain John. History of the Re 
 volutions in the Empire of Morocco in 1727-28, Lon., 1729, 
 r. 8vo. Trans, into Dutch, German, and French. 
 
 " Besides the historical details, the accuracy of which is un 
 doubted, as Braithwaite was an eye-witness of the events he de 
 scribes, this work gives us some valuable information on the 
 physical ad moral state of the people." STEVENSON. 
 
 Braithwaite, John. Account of his Travels, La- 
 
 237 
 
BRA 
 
 BRA 
 
 bours in the Ministry, and Writings, by Robert Dickin 
 son, Lon., 1825, 12mo. 
 
 " A valuable addition to the stores of modern religious bio 
 graphy." Weskyan Methodist tfag. 
 
 Braken, Henry. Medical Essays, Lon., 1737/39, 8vo. 
 
 Bralesford, Humph. Theolog. Treatises, 1689, 
 1724, 8vo. 
 
 Bramah, Joseph, 1749-1815, a skilful engineer, best 
 known by the lock which bears his name. Dissertation 
 on the Construction of Locks, Lon., 1787, 8vo. Letter 
 rel. to Watt's Patent, 1797, Svo. Con. to Nic. Jour. : A 
 New Press, 1797. A Jib, 1804. 
 
 Bramble, Robert. The Royal Brides, or Sketches 
 of Exalted Characters, 1816, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Brain hall, John, D.D., 1593-1663, a native of Ponte- 
 fract, Yorkshire, entered Sydney College, Cambridge,1608. 
 He was made Prebendary of York, then of Ripon, went to 
 Ireland in 1633, and became Archdeacon of Meath ; in 
 1634 he was promoted to the bishopric of Londonderry, 
 and in 1661 was translated to the primacy of Armagh. A 
 Sermon preached before the Earle of Newcastle, York, 
 1643, 4to. (Not included in his works.) A Fair Warning 
 against the deception of the Scotch Discipline, 1649, 4to. 
 A Vindication of the Church of England against Criminal 
 Schism, Lon., 1654, 8vo. An Answer to De la Militiere's 
 Victory of Truth, Hague, 1654, 8vo. A Defence of True 
 Liberty, in answer to Hobbes's Treatise of Liberty and 
 Necessity, Lon., 1655, 8vo. A Repub. of the Bp. of 
 Chalcedon's Survey, Lon., 1666, 8vo. Castigation of Mr. 
 Hobbes's last Animadversions, in the case concerning 
 Liberty and universal Necessity, with an Appendix con 
 cerning the catching of the Leviathan, Lon., 1658, 8vo. 
 The Consecration and Succession of Protestant Bishops 
 vindicated, Graven., 1650, 8vo. Schism guarded against, 
 and beaten back upon the right owners, 1658, 8vo. Vin 
 dication of the Episcopal Clergy, 1672, 4to. Life and 
 Works, Dublin, 1677, fol. ; repub. in Library of Anglo- 
 Cath. Theology, 5 vols. 8vo, Oxf., 1842-45. Archbishop 
 Bramhall was a man of great energy of character, and 
 highly esteemed by his contemporaries. During the Civil 
 War he resided chiefly abroad. An answer to Milton's 
 Defensio Populi was attributed to him, but Mr. Todd dis 
 proves the charge in his Life of Milton. 
 
 " Perhaps the most valuable part of his works is that in which 
 he contended with Hobbes. He argued with great acuteness 
 against Hobbes's notions on liberty and necessity, in the Catching 
 of the Leviathan, in which he undertakes to demonstrate, out of 
 Hobbes's own works, that no sincere Hobbist can be a good Chris 
 tian, or a good Commonwealth's man, or reconcile himself to 
 himself." 
 
 Bramston. Sermon on Rom. x. 2, 8vo. 
 
 Bramston, James, d. 1744, Vicar of Starting, in 
 Sussex. The Art of Politics,- in imitation of Horace's 
 Art of Poetry. The Man of Taste ; occasioned by Pope's 
 Epistle on that subject: both pub. in Dodsley's Collection, 
 vol. i. The Crooked Sixpence; in imitation of Philips's 
 Splendid Shilling; pub. in The Repository, vol. i. 
 
 " Dr. Warton objects to his Man of Taste, that he has made his 
 hero laugh at himself and his own follies. The satire, however, in 
 other respects, is truly legitimate." 
 
 Bramston, John. Theolog. treatises, 1688, 1724. 
 
 Bramston, William. Sermons, 1695-1714. 
 
 Bramwell, George. Analytical Table of the Private 
 Acts 1 Oreo. II. to 52 Geo. III., Lon., 1813, r. 8vo. 
 
 Branch, John. Ready Reckoner, 1804, 8vo. The 
 British Museum, or elegant Repository of Natural History, 
 1803, '04, 4 vols. 12mo; in conjunction with W. Holloway. 
 
 Branch, or Branche, Thomas. Principia Legis 
 et ^Equitatis ; being an Alphabetical Collection of above 
 20,000 maxims, principles, or rules, definitions, and re 
 markable sayings, in Law and Equity, by T. B., 1753, 
 12mo; 2d edit, enlarged, 1810, 12mo; 5th edit, with addi 
 tions, and the Latin maxims and notes translated, by J. 
 Richardson, Lon., 1824, 12mo. American edit., from the 
 4th English edit., by W. W. Hening, with additions, Rich 
 mond, 1824, 8vo. Mr. Warren points out errors in Rich 
 ardson s edit. 
 
 As a manual, this little book contains more law, and more use- 
 
 "" 
 
 and since that time that it may be regarded as the accumulated 
 spirit and wisdom of the great body of the English Law." 
 
 See Preston on Abstracts, 214; 2 Kent, 554; Warren's 
 Law Studies, 802. 
 
 Brancker, or Branker, Thomas, 1636-1676. Doc 
 trine of the Sphere, in Latin, Oxf., 1662. Introduc. to 
 Algebra ; trans, from the High-Dutch, Lon., 1668. A Trans. 
 from Rhonius. 
 
 Brand, Adam. Journal of the Embassy from Mus 
 covy to China over Land; trans, from the High-Dutch, 
 Lon., 1698, 8vo. 
 
 Brand, Sir Alexander. A Specimen of Bishop 
 Burnet's Candour and Integrity, Lon., 1715, 8vo. 
 
 Brand, Charles. Treat, on Assurances, <fcc., 1775, 8vo. 
 
 Brand, Miss Hanna. Plays and Poems, Lon., 
 1798, 8vo. 
 
 Brand, John. Description of Orkney, Zetland, Pight- 
 land, Firth, and Caithness,Edin.,1701,12mo ; and 1703,8vo. 
 
 "A curious and interesting account." LOWNDES. 
 
 Brand was commissioned to visit Orkney, <fcc. by the 
 General Assembly. 
 
 Brand, John, 1743-1806, Secretary to the Society of 
 Antiquaries; educated at Lincoln College, Oxford; Curate 
 of Cramlinton Chapel, Newcastle, 1774; Rector of St. Mary- 
 at-Hill, London, 1784. On Illicit Love ; written among the 
 ruins of Godstow Nunnery, 1775, 4to. Observations on 
 Popular Antiquities, including the whole of Mr. Bourne's 
 Antiquitates Vulgares, with Addenda to each Chapter of 
 that work, as also Appendix containing such Notices on 
 the Subject as have been omitted by the Author, Newc., 
 1777, 8vo. A new edit, greatly enlarged, by Sir Henry 
 Ellis, [Principal Librarian of the British Museum,] 2 vols. 
 4to, 1813 ; with further additions, 1843, 3 vols. 12mo ; repub. 
 in Mr. H. G. Bohn's Antiquarian Library in 1849 one of 
 his many invaluable series of good books. 
 
 "Whatever of importance has occurred to the Editor in augmen 
 tation of the work since the publication of the last edition, has been 
 added to the preface, and another copious Index supplied." Pref. 
 
 Of this excellent work it has been said that 
 
 " Any one who will read on each respective day, the chapter which 
 belongs to it, will, when he has got through the volume, have a bet 
 ter notion of what English History is, than he will get from almost 
 any other work professedly named a ' History.' " See an article in 
 Lon. Quar. Review, xi. 259. 
 
 History and Antiquities of the Town and County of 
 Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Lon., 1789, 4to, 2 vols. Con. to 
 Archaeol. viii., 1788, and to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1797. 
 
 Brand was a noted collector of curious books, and pos 
 sessed a noble library, which was sold in 1807; see Dib- 
 din's Bibliomania, 452-4. The BIBLIOMANIAC should secure 
 a copy of this catalogue, with the prices marked. 
 
 Brand, John, d. 1808, an English divine, educated at 
 Caius College, Cambridge, pub. two Sermons, 1794, and 
 1800, and several political treatises, &c., 1772-1807. His 
 essay entitled Conscience, pub. 1772, 4to, was written for 
 the Seatonian Prize, but was unsuccessful. 
 
 Brand, Robert. Reducing Ruptures, Lon., 1771, Svo. 
 
 Brand, T. J. Select Diss. from Amagmitates Aca- 
 demicae; a sup. to Stillingfleet's Tracts, &c., 1781-82, 2 
 vols. Svo. 
 
 Brand, Thomas, Surgeon. Profess, works, 1778-88. 
 
 Brand, Thomas. A Letter to W. Wiltshire, Lon., 
 1814, Svo, on the Corn Laws. 
 
 Brande, A. E. Medical Treatises, Lon., 1791-1800. 
 
 Brande, William. Chem. treatises, 1806-09. 
 
 Brande, William Thomas, b. 1780, an eminent 
 Chemist and Lecturer, Professor of Chemistry in the Royal 
 Institution, long the assistant of Sir Humphry Davy. Cat. 
 of Geological Specimens, Svo. Diet, of Materia Medica 
 and Pharmacy, 1829, Svo. Outlines of Geology, 1839, p. Svo. 
 Table of Chemical Equivalents, Ac., 1843, Svo. Tables of 
 Specific Gravities and Equivalents, 1828, Svo. Manual of 
 Chemistry, 2 vols., 6th ed. 1848, 8vo. A Manual of Phaj- 
 macy, Svo. 
 
 " Mr. Brande's extensive experience as a pharmaceutist is very 
 ably embodied in this work. It should be in the possession of 
 every practitioner and pharmacopolist." Lon. Medical depository. 
 
 A Dictionary of Science, Literature, and Art, assisted by 
 Joseph Cauvin, and other gentlemen of eminence in their 
 respective departments ; 1842, 8vo, 2d ed., 1852, pp. 1423. 
 
 " An admirable work, supplying what all scientific and literary 
 men must have long felt to be a desideratum in our literature. 
 He who has no encyclopaedia will find it an excellent substitute 
 for one ; and he who has will find it a valuable supplement." 
 Lon. Eclectic Review. 
 
 " Nearly all branches of science and art and human inquiry ar 
 embraced in these compact and laborious pages." Lon. Monthly 
 Chronicle. 
 
 Lectures on Organic Chemistry, ed. by Dr. Scoflern, 1854, 
 12mo. 
 
 Brander, Gustavus, 1720-1787, a merchant and an 
 tiquary, con. some articles to Phil. Trans., 1754. See 
 Archaeol., iv., 1776. He presented to the Brit. Museum his 
 valuable collection of fossils, an account of which waa 
 pub. at his expense, with Latin descriptions by Dr. Solan- 
 der: Fossilia Hantoniensia, <fcc., 1776, 4to. 
 
 Brandish, Joseph. Use of Caustic Alkali, Lon., 1811. 
 
 Brandling, H. C. Views in the North of France, 
 Lon., 1848, fol., 5 3., coloured, 5 5. 
 
BRA 
 
 BRA 
 
 Brandon, Isaac. Fragments after Sterne, 1808, 12mo. 
 Kais; Opera, 1808, 8vo. 
 
 Brandon, John. Everlasting Fire no Fancy, Lon,, 
 1678, 4to. A Practical Discourse, 1690. 
 
 Brandon, Raphael and Arthur, architects. Analy 
 sis of Gothic Architecture, 1848, 2 vols. imp. 4to. Open 
 Timber Roofs of the Middle Ages, 1849, r. 4to. 
 
 " Almost every branch of Ecclesiastical Architecture has been 
 ably investigated, with, perhaps, the single, but important, excep 
 tion of the roofing of our churches. ... It is with a view of sup 
 plying this Information that this work has been undertaken." 
 
 Parish Churches, being Perspective Views of English 
 Ecclesiastical Structures, new ed., 1849, r. 8vo. 
 
 " From the judicious selection which has been made, it bids fair 
 to be a very useful publication to the Architect and Parish Priest." 
 Englisli Review. 
 
 Brandon, Richard, the wretch who beheaded Charles 
 I. His Confession, 1649. His Last Will and Testament, 
 1649, 4to. Both these tracts are in the British Museum. 
 
 Brandon, Samuel. Tragi-comoedi of the vertuous 
 Octavia, Lon., 1598, 12mo. 
 
 "Notwithstanding the high opinion he, and perhaps some of his 
 partial friends, might entertain of it, it is now entirely forgotten." 
 Biog. Dramat. 
 Unkind critic ! 
 
 Brandreth, Joseph, M.D. Med. treatises, Edin., 
 1779-1791. 
 
 Bransby, James H. Theolog. treatises, &c., 1806-14. 
 Bransley,John. The Use of the Glt>bes,Lon.,1791,8vo. 
 Brant, J. Dis. at Bampton Lecture, 1812, 8vo. 
 Brant, Joseph, d. 1807, aged 65, a celebrated Mo 
 hawk chief, contemplated writing a history of the Six Na 
 tions of which he was the head. He pub. The Book of 
 Common Prayer, and The Gospel according to St. Mark, 
 in the Mohawk and English languages, Lon., 1787, 8vo. 
 The Gospel according to St. John in Mohawk, ascribed to 
 him in the Cambridge Catalogue, was the work of the 
 chief, John Norton ; it is sine anno, but was printed at 
 London in 1807, or 1808, by the Brit, and For. Bible So 
 ciety, in an edit, of 2000 copies. See Allen's Amer. Bio-. 
 Diet; Mass. Hist. Coll. x. 154. 
 Branwhite, 1745-1794, wrote some poems. 
 Brasbridge, Joseph. Fruits of Experience, Lon., 
 1824, Svo. 
 
 " Here is a gentleman lives to the ripe age of eighty, and yet 
 must twaddle ' in boards' before he dies. Example, villanous ex 
 ample!" Blacl wood's Mag. 
 
 Brasbridge, Thomas, M.D., b. 1537, educated at 
 Magdalen College, Oxf. Poore Man's Jewell, that is to 
 say, a Treatise of the Pestilence, <fec., Lon., 1578, Svo. 
 Quaestiones in Officia M. Ciceronis, Oxon., 1615, Svo. In 
 terpretation of Abdias the Prophet, 1574, Svo. 
 
 Brasier, Richard. Last Will and Confession of the 
 Christian Faith, made in the 4 Yeare of the Raigne of 
 King Edward the 6, Lon. ; by John Day, Svo. 
 
 Brasse, John, d. 1833, educated at Trinity College, 
 Cambridge. Greek Gradus, Lon., 1827, Svo. He edited 
 four plays of Sophocles, with English notes. 
 Brasse, Samuel. Ship of Arms, Lon., 1653, 12mo. 
 Braithwait, Braithwaite, Bratlnvaite, or 
 Braithwayte, Richard, 1588-1673, a native of War- 
 cop, Westmoreland, was entered of Oriel College, Oxford, 
 at the age of 16. 
 
 " He avoided as much as he could the rough paths of logic and 
 philosophy, and traced those smooth ones of poetry and Roman 
 history, in which at length he did excel." Athen. Oxon. 
 He subsequently removed to Cambridge, 
 " Where he spent some time for the sake of dead and living au 
 thors." 
 
 He settled down into an office in the militia, and a sub 
 stantial county magistrate. An excellent example to poets, 
 who are not always of the most sedate kind. The Golden 
 Fleece, Lon., 1611, Svo. Poet's Willow : or the Passion 
 ate Shepheard, 1614, Svo. The Prodigal's Teares, 1614, Svo. 
 " An excellent tract, written in good style, and abounding with 
 sound morality." 
 
 Sch oiler's Medley, 1614, 4to. Survey of History, 1638, 
 4to. Strappado for the Diuell, 1615, 12mo. Solemne 
 Joviall Disputation, 1617, and The Smoaking Age, 1617, 
 Svo. Mr. Bindley considered this one of the scarcest books 
 in England. The plates by Marshall are his earliest pro 
 ductions. The Good Wife : or a rare one amongst Women, 
 1618, Svo; 1619, Svo. 
 
 " Taking this volume altogether, I think it one of the most 
 curious as well as one of the scarcest books of the period to which 
 it belongs." Dr. Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. 
 
 A New Spring shadowed in sundry Pithie Poems, 1619, 
 4to. Essaies upon the Five Senses, 1620, 12mo; 2d edit., 
 1635, 12mo. Shepheard's Tales, 1621, Svo. Nature's 
 Embassie, 1621, Svo. Times Cvrtaine Drawne, or the 
 Anatomie of Vanitie, 1621, Svo. English Gentleman, I 
 
 1630, 4to; 2d edit., 1633, 4toj 3d edit., 1641, fol. English 
 Gentlewomen, 1631, 4to. Whimzies, 1631, 12mo. Mer- 
 curius Britannicus, 2d edit., 1641, 4to. A Political Piece 
 on the Ship Money Question. Barnabee's Journall, (and 
 Bessie Bell, both in Latin and English verse) by Corym- 
 baeus. [Lon., 1648-50.] Drunken Barnaby's four Journeys 
 to the North of England, in Latin and English verse, 
 2d edit., Lon., 1716, 8vo. Barnabae Itinerarium, or Barna 
 bee's Journal, with a Life of the Author, Ac., by Joseph 
 Haslewood, Lon., 1820, 12mo, 2 vols., 125 copies printed. 
 Mr. Haslewood had a good claim to the editorial honour 
 of this work, as he traced it to its author. 
 
 " Haslewood hit the right nail upon the head when he found 
 out the real author of Barnaby, in Richard Brathwait ; from the 
 unvarying designation of 'On the Errata,' at the end of Brath- 
 wait's pieces, which is observable in that of his Drunken Barna 
 by's Tour. . . . The late Mr. Heber used to shout aloud, ' Stick to 
 that, Haslewood, and your fame is fixed.' . . . His edition of Bar 
 naby's Tour exhibited the rare spectacle of an accurate Latin (as 
 well as English) text, by an individual who did not know the da 
 tive singular from the dative plural of hie, heec, hoc l"Dibdin'$ 
 Bibliomania. 
 
 For other pieces of Braithwait's, see Lowndes's Bibliog. 
 Manual; consult Athen. Oxon.; Censura Literaria; Biog. 
 Dramat. ; Warton's Hist. Eng. Poetry ; Ellis's Specimens. 
 
 " Brathwait's merits are undoubtedly very considerable. Some 
 of his pieces are capable of affording instruction and delight. He 
 was a most extraordinary man in poetry and in prose." DIBDIN. 
 
 Anthony Wood does not give so favourable an opinion : 
 
 "He wrote and published several works in English, consisiirg 
 of prose and poetry, highly commended in the age wherein pulv 
 lished, but since slighted and despised as frivolous matters, and 
 only to be taken into the hands of novices." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Dr. Bliss makes a large addition to Anthony's list of 
 Braithwait's pieces. 
 
 Brathwaite, Thomas. Delivery of Rabbits, 172 6, Svo. 
 
 Brattle, Thomas, 1657-1713, a merchant of Boston, 
 Massachusetts. Eclipses of the Sun and Moon, observed 
 in New England, Phil. Trans., 1704. Lunar Eclipse, New 
 England, in 1707. He wrote a letter giving an account 
 of the Witchcraft Delusion in 1692, which is preserved in 
 the Mass. Hist. Collection. 
 
 Brattle, William, d. 1717, aged 54, a native of Bos 
 ton, Mass., brother of the preceding, Minister of Cam 
 bridge, Mass., pub. a System of Logic, Compendium Lo- 
 gicae, &c. It was used at Harvard College. An edit, was 
 pub. in 1758. 
 
 Brawern, Henry. Voyage to the Kingdom of Chili 
 in America. See Churchill's Voy., 503, 1704. 
 
 Bray, Mrs. Anna Eliza, daughter of John Kempe, 
 Esq., a native of Devonshire, has gained great reputation by 
 a number of popular works. Traditions, Legends, Super 
 stitions, and Sketches of Devonshire, on the Borders of the 
 Tamar and the Tavy; in a Series of Letters from Mrs. 
 Bray to Robert Southey, Esq., 1838, 3 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 " The plan of this work was suggested by Mr. Southey, and the 
 writer has laboured with no small diligence. These volumes con 
 tain much that is curious in antiquarianism, pleasant in descrip 
 tion, fascinating in tradition, and kind-hearted in anecdotes of 
 every-day characters. We are indebted to Mrs. Bray for many 
 pleasant hours from her clever works." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 Fitz of Fitz-Ford; a Legend of Devon, 3 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 " These volumes are indeed an addition to the high literary cha 
 racter of the fair and popular writer." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 The Talba; or, Moor of Portugal, 3 vols. p. Svo. Trials 
 of the Heart, 3 vols. p. Svo. Life of Thomas Stothard, 
 R.A., with Personal Reminiscences. Illustrated by en 
 gravings from his chief works, printed in a novel style of 
 art, 1S545, 4to. For the production of this work, Mrs. B., 
 as the daughter-in-law of Stothard, possessed peculiar 
 advantages. 
 
 " A more beautiful volume than this, is not often issued. The 
 'numerous illustrations' have been chosen with a sedulous respect 
 for the reputation of the graceful artist whose life was in his 
 works ; and they have been rendered with most delicate care, there 
 being something in the nature of Stothard's genius which lent 
 itself, with more than ordinary adaptability, to this form of pre 
 sentment." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 Courtenay of Walreddon, 3 vols. p. Svo. De Foix, 3 vols. 
 p. Svo. Henry de Pomeroy, 3 vols. p. Svo. Letters during 
 a Tour through Normandy, 1818, 4to. Mountains and 
 Lakes of Switzerland, 3 vols. p: Svo. The Protestant, 
 3 vols. p. Svo. Trelawney of Trelawne, 3 vols. p. Svo. 
 Trials of Domestic Life, 3 vols. p. Svo. Warleigh, or the 
 Fatal Oath, 3 vols. p. Svo. White Hoods, 3 vols. p. Svo. 
 Collective Edition, 1845, '46, 10 vols. 
 
 " To describe in detail Mrs. Bray's works, or criticise minutely 
 their merits, would be superfluous. So many literary notices have 
 appeared in testimony of their value, and these the public have so 
 fully corroborated by their patronage, that little remains but to 
 concur with previous praises of this favourite authoress's talents, 
 acquirements, and genius." ion. Times. See also Lon. Gent. Mag. 
 
 Bray,' Chas. Education of the Feelings; 2d ed., 
 
BRA 
 
 Lon., 1849, p. 8vo. The Philosophy of Necessity ; or, The 
 Law of Consequences as Applicable to Mental, Moral, and 
 Social Science, 1841, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " The topics in the volume before us [the second] have a current 
 interest, and are handled with grace in the view and eloquence in 
 the composition." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 Outlines of Social Systems and Communities, 1844, 12mo. 
 
 Bray, E. A. Poems, Lon., 1799, 12mo. Idyles, 1800, 
 
 12mo. Funeral Ode on Lord Nelson, 1806, 4to. Sermons, 
 
 selected, Lon., 1818, 8vo. Discourses selected from tracts 
 
 and treatises, 1821, 8vo. 
 
 Bray,Roger. SelectioraApophthegmata,&c.,1631,8vo. 
 Bray, Thomas, D.D., 1656-1730, a native of Martin, 
 Shropshire; educated at Hart Hall, Oxford; Rector of 
 Sheldon, 1690. In 1699 he was sent by the Bishop of Lon 
 don to America as Ecclesiastical Commissary for Maryland 
 and Virginia. He crossed the Atlantic several times, and 
 was eminently useful in his labours. In 1706 he accepted 
 the living of St. Botolph, Aldgate. We notice some of his 
 publications: Bibliotheca Parochialis; or, A Scheme of 
 such Theological and other Heads as seem requisite to be 
 Used or occasionally consulted by the Reverend Clergy, 
 together with a Catalogue of Books which may be profit 
 ably read on each of those points, &c., Lon., 1707, 8vo. 
 Martyrology, or Papal Usurpation, 1712, fol. : intended 
 as a supplement to Fox's Book of Martyrs. Primordia 
 Bibliothecaria, 1726. Directorium Missionarium, 1726. 
 He reprinted the Ecclesiastes of Erasmus, and pub. a 
 trans, of Perrin's Hist, of the Old Waldenses and Albi- 
 genses, several sermons, &c. 
 
 " It is to Dr. Bray's exertions that that venerable and most ex 
 tensively useful association The Society for the Propagation of the 
 Gospel owes its origin." 
 
 In 1746 appeared Publick Spirit, illustrated in the Life 
 and Designs of the Rev. Tho. Bray, D.D., 8vo ; again, by 
 Rev. H. J. Todd, 1808, 8vo ; and in 1848 was pub. Report 
 for the Year 1847 of the Institution established by the late 
 Rev. Dr. Bray aird his Associates for Founding Clerical 
 Libraries and Supporting Negro Schools, pp. 40, 12mo. 
 For an account of his labours, see Publick Spirit, <fec., or 
 Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Bray, Thortias, D.D. Sermons, 1761, '63. 
 Bray, William. The Lord's Supper, Lon., 1641, 4to. 
 Bray, William, 1736-1832. Sketch of a Tour in 
 Derbyshire and Yorkshire, &c., Lon., 1788 : anon. His 
 tory and Antiquities of the County of Surrey, compiled 
 from the materials of the late Rev. Owen Menning, 1804, 
 '09, '14, fol. Memoirs of J. Evelyn, Esq., 1818, 2 vols. 4to. 
 Con. to Archaeol., 1782, '94. Account of Henry Smith, 
 Esq., and his Extensive Charities, Lon., 1800, 8vo. 
 
 Bray, Capt. William. Appeal to the Commons, 
 1678, 8vo. 
 
 Braybrooke, Lord, d. 1858. History of Audley 
 End, Essex, r. 4to. The Diary and Correspondence of 
 Samuel Pepys, Esq., F.R.S., 2 vols. r. 4to; 3d edit., 1848, 
 5 vols. p. 8vo ; 4th edit., including all the late important 
 MS. additions and upwards of 200 additional Notes and 
 Letters, Index, &c., 1854, 4 vols. r. 8vo. 
 
 " The new matter is extremely curious, and occasionally far 
 more characteristic and entertaining than the old." Lon. Athen. 
 Brayley, Edward Wedlake, F.S.A., 1773-1854, 
 a laborious and accurate topographer, b. in London. 
 While an apprentice he became acquainted with Mr. John 
 Britton, and edited, in conjunction with him, The Beauties 
 of England and Wales, 1801-23, 25 vols. 8vo; Plans of 
 Cities and Principal Towns, 1810; Tower of London, 
 1830, &c. He edited, with Notes, Picturesque Tour 
 through Yorkshire and Derbyshire, by Ed. Dayes, 1805 ; 
 2d ed., 1825; Works of Robert Bloomfield, 1806; Cowper, 
 1810 ; Defoe's Journal of the Plague-Year, 1835. The fol 
 lowing are a portion of his works. 1. Descriptions of 
 Places represented in Middiman's Views and Antiquities 
 of Great Britain, 1813, 4to. 2. Popular Pastimes, 1816. 
 3. Delineations, Historical and Topographical, of the Isle 
 of Thanet and Cinque Ports, 1817. 4. History and Anti 
 quities of the Abbey Church of St. Peter, Westminster, 
 1818-23. 5. The Ambulator, 1819 ; 12th ed. 6. Views in 
 Islington and Pentonville, by A. Pugin, 1819. 7. History 
 and Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Exeter, 1826- 
 27. 8. Historical and Descriptive Accounts of the Theatres 
 of London, 1827. 9. Londoniana; Or, Reminiscences of 
 the British Metropolis, 1829, 4 vols. 10. Devonshire 
 Illustrated, 1829. 11. Antiquities of the Priory of Christ 
 Church, Hants, <fcc., 1834. 12. Graphic and Historical 
 Illustrator, 1834. 13. Illustrations of her Majesty's Palace 
 at Brighton, by J. Nash, 1828. 14. Topographical His 
 tory of Surrey, 1841-48, 5 vols. r. 8vo, and 4to. 
 
 Brayley, Edward William, F.R.S., son of the 
 
 preceding, from 1822 to '45 was one of the editors of 
 
 240 
 
 BRE 
 
 Annals of Philosophy, Zoological Journal, and Philo- 
 ophical Magazine, to each of which he contributed many 
 riginal papers. The Utility of the Knowledge of Nature 
 Considered with Reference to the General Education of 
 Youth, 1831. Edit. Parke's Chemical Catechism, 1834; 
 Origines Biblicse of Dr. Chas. Beke, F.S.A. ; The Correla- 
 ion of Physical Forces, by W. R. Grove, F.R.S., <fec. 
 
 Brayman, James O., b. 1815, in New York, a 
 political writer. Editor of Daring Deeds of American 
 Heroes ; Thrilling Adventures by Sea and by Land. 
 
 Brayne. 1. Astrology. 2. The Trinity, Lon., 1653, 
 54, 4to. 
 
 Breake, Thomas. Land-Surveying, Lon., 1771, 8vo. 
 
 Breakspear, Nicholas. See ADRIAN IV. 
 
 Breck, Robert. Sermons, 1728. 
 
 Breck, Robert. Sermons, 1775, '82. 
 
 Breckenridge, John, D.D., 1797-1841, b. at Cabell's 
 Dale, Ky. ; grad. Princeton Coll., 1818 ; an eminent Pres 
 byterian divine. 1. Controversy with Bishop Hughes 
 on Catholicism, Phila., 1836, 8vo. 2. Sermons, <fcc. 
 
 Breckenridge, Robert Jefferson, D.D., LL.D., 
 b. 1800, at Cabell's Dale, Ky., brother of the preceding, 
 and son of the Hon. John Breckenridge, author of the 
 celebrated Kentucky Resolutions of 1798, Attorney- 
 General under Jefferson, Ac. Dr. B. was educated for the 
 bar, and was a member of the Legislature of Kentucky in 
 1825-26-27-28 ; was licensed as a minister in 1832, and 
 became pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church in Balti 
 more. In 1845 he became President of Jefferson College, 
 Penna. ; pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in Lex 
 ington, Ky., 1847-53. In the last-named year he was 
 elected Prof, of Theology in Centre Coll., Danville, Ky. 
 1. Papism in the XIX. Century in the U.S., 1841. 2. 
 Travels in France, Germany, &c., Phila., 1839, 12mo. 
 3. Memoranda of Foreign Travel, 1845, 2 vols. 12mo. 4. 
 Internal Evidence of Christianity, 1852. 5. The Know 
 ledge of God Objectively Considered, N.Y., 1857, 8vo. 
 The second part of this work entitled The Knowledge of 
 God Subjectively Considered will be published in 1859. 
 Besides editing several periodicals, Dr. B. has pub. nu 
 merous articles and pamphlets on Slavery, Temperance, 
 Popery, Universalism, Presbyterianism, Education, Agri 
 culture, Politics, &c., which if collected would entitle 
 him to the rank of one of the most voluminous writers 
 of America. 
 
 Brecknock, T. Political Tracts, Ac., 1752, '59, '60. 
 
 Bredwell, S. Razing the Foundations of Brownism, 
 Lon., 1588, 4to. 
 
 Bree, John, d. 1786. Sketch of this Kingdom during 
 the Fourteenth Century, vol. i., Lon., 1791, 4to. 
 
 "This is rather a collection of materials for a work on the sub 
 ject than a treatise ; but, as those materials are chiefly taken from 
 the best sources, though unskilfully arranged, the volume is of 
 considerable value. The editor, however, possessed no other qua 
 lification for his task than zeal." LOWNDES. 
 
 Bree, Martin. Medical treatise, Lon., 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Bree, Robert, M.D. Med. treatises, Lon., 1797-1811. 
 
 Bree, S. C. Designs for Italian Villa Architecture, 
 fol. Glossary of Civil Engineering, 8vo. Pictorial Illus 
 trations of New Zealand, 1848, fol. ; 67 engravings by H. 
 Melville. 
 
 " These beautiful engravings are the most accurate and interest 
 ing that we possess of New Zealand." 
 
 Railway Practice, 1837, &c., 4 vols. 4to. 
 
 " The whole of the information necessary for this treatise is de 
 rived from the only legitimate source, the direct communications 
 of the engineers- to the several works who have kindly sanctioned 
 and promoted the undertaking." 
 
 Bree, W. T. The Plain Reader's Help to the Study 
 of the Holy Scriptures, Coventry, 1821-22, 4to : extracted 
 chiefly from D'Oyly and Mant. See Home's Introduction. 
 
 Breen, H. H. Diamond Rock, and other Poems, 
 1849, 12mo. St. Lucia : Historical, Statistical, and De 
 scriptive, 1844, 8vo. Modern English Literature: its 
 Blemishes and Defects, 1858, 8vo. 
 
 Breere, Richard. On the Messiah, Lon., 1789, 8vo. 
 
 Breintnall, Joseph. Con. to Phil. Trans. : Meteors, 
 1740. Bite of a Rattlesnake, 1746. 
 
 Breirly, Roger. Bundle of Soul-Convincing Truths, 
 Edin., 1670. 
 
 Brekell, John, d. about 1775, Unitarian minister of 
 Liverpool. An Essay on the Hebrew Tongue, to show 
 that the Hebrew Bible might be originally read by Vowel 
 Letters, without the Vowel Points, Lon., 1758, 8vo. 
 
 " There are some sensible observations in this small work, whicn 
 is written on the Anti-Masoretic system." ORME. 
 
 Sermons, 1744-69. Twenty Discourses, 1765, 8vo. 
 
 " More distinguished for their learning than their theology." 
 ORME. 
 
BRE 
 
 Breme, Thomas. Mirrour of Friendship, Lon., 1584. 
 
 Bremner, Robert. Musical treatises, 1756-77. 
 
 Bremner, Robert. Excursions in the Interior of 
 Kussia, 2 vols. p. 8vo, 1839. 
 
 " A very spirited and graphic narrative." ROBERT CHAMBERS. 
 
 Excursions in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, 2 vols. 
 8vo, 1840. 
 
 " Mr. Bremner is a lively scene-painter, and there is great fresh 
 ness and vigour about all his descriptions." Ibid. 
 
 Brenan, John, M.D. Puerperal Fever, 1814, 8vo. 
 
 Brenan, Justin. Composition and Punctuation, 1839, 
 18mo. Old and New Logic contrasted, 6th ed., 1848, 18mo. 
 
 " This treatise is particularly interesting to parents, as it also 
 takes a plain view of classic literature, and thus they will be en 
 abled to judge for themselves on two very important points the 
 reasoning and the morality that their sons learn in Universities." 
 
 Foreigner's English Conjugator, 12mo. Utility of 
 Latin discussed, 18mo. The National Debt. 
 
 Brenan, M. J. Ecclesiastical History of Ireland to 
 1829, 1848, 8vo. Includes dates of Religious Founda 
 tions, of Priories, Convents, Synods, Colleges, <fcc. 
 
 Brende, John. The Historic of Quintus Curtius, 
 Lon., 1553, 4to; translated from the Latin. Two Sermons 
 by S. Ciprian ; trans, into English, 8vo. 
 
 Brent, Charles. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1702-28. 
 
 Brent, Charles. Compendious Astronomer,Lon.,1741. 
 
 Brent, J. 1. Battle Cross, Lon., 3 vols. p. Svo. 2. Ellis 
 Forrester, 3 vols. p. Svo. 3. Sea-Wolf, 12mo. 
 
 Brent, Sir Nathaniel, 1573-1652, a native of Little 
 Woolford, Warwickshire, entered of Merton College, Ox 
 ford, and took B.A. 1593. He married a niece of Dr. 
 George Abbott, Archbishop of Canterbury. He trans. 
 Father Paul Sarpi's History of the Council of Trent, from 
 the Italian into English and Latin, Lon., 1619, fol., 1640, 
 1676. Father Paul's (and Fulgentio's) History has been 
 highly commended. 
 
 " This work is a beautiful monument of the History of Religion, 
 the most curious part of the History of the Human Mind, for 
 those who can soar above the prejudices of sects and parties." 
 GIBBON. 
 
 "This work is justly entitled to be placed among the most ad 
 mired historical compositions." DR. ROBERTSON. 
 
 Brent also trans, from the Latin, Mr. Francis Mason's 
 Vindication of the Church of England, concerning the 
 Consecration and Ordination of the Bishops, <fcc., 1625, fol. 
 
 " It is a complete refutation of the old story of the Nag's Head 
 ordination." 
 
 Brent, William. Nature of Eternity, Lon., 1655. 
 
 Brenton, Edward Pelham, 1774-1839, Captain 
 R.N., founder of the Children's Friend Society, and a 
 promoter of other philanthropic enterprises. 1. The Naval 
 History of Great Britain from the Year 1783 to 1822, Lon., 
 1823, 5 vols. Svo ; new ed., 1836, 2 vols. Svo. 2. A Re 
 futation of the Statement of Admiral Sir George Mon 
 tague, 1823, Svo. 3. Life of Earl St. Vincent, G.C.B., 
 1838, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "To Captain Brenton we feel infinite gratitude for this valuable 
 addition to our literature; and when we also call to mind the 
 merit of his Naval History, we may justly pronounce him to have 
 taken his place among the foremost of those authors who have 
 done honour to their own patriotism, to their profession, and to 
 their native land." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 The Bible and Spade. See Memoir of, by his Brother, 
 Sir J. Brenton, 1842, Svo. 
 
 Brenton, Sir Jahleel, K.C.B., 1770-1844, Rear- 
 Admiral R.N., brother of the above. 1. The Hope of 
 the Navy, Lon., 1839, 12mo. 2. Appeal to the British 
 Nation; 2d ed., 1841, 18mo. 3. Memoir of Captain 
 E. P. Brenton, 1842, Svo. 4. Coast Fisheries, 1843, Svo. 
 See Memoir and Services of, by Henry Raikes, 1845, 
 Svo. 
 
 Brerely, John, the assumed name of James Ander- 
 ton or Anderson. See ANDERTON, JAMES. 
 
 Brereton, C. D. Administration of Poor-Laws in 
 Agricult. Districts, Lon., 8vo. A Catechism of the Seven 
 Sacraments, 1834, 8vo. 
 
 Brereton, Henry. Newes of the Present Miseries 
 of Rushia, occasioned by the late Warre in that Countrey, 
 Lon., 1614, 4to : Gordonston sale, 379, 1 19*. 
 
 Brereton, Jane, 1685-1740, a native of Flintshire, 
 daughter of a gentleman of learning named Hughes, con 
 tributed, under the name of Melissa, to the Gentleman's 
 Magazine. A volume of her Poems, with Letters, and an 
 account of her Life, was pub. Lon., 1744, Svo. 
 
 " Mrs. Brereton was amiable in every relation of life, and dis 
 played some talents for versification, if not for poetry." See Cen- 
 sura Literaria, vii. 231. 
 
 Brereton, John. Relation of the Discovery of the 
 North Part of Virginia, Lon., 1702, 4to. A copy is in 
 the Brit Museum. Bindley, pt 1, 1293. Jadis, 5 15s. 6d. 
 
 Brereton, Owen Salisbury, 1715-1798, a learned 
 
 BRE 
 
 English lawyer, educated at Westminster, and at Trinity 
 College, Cambridge. He contributed to the Archseologia, 
 Observations on Peter Collinson's account of the Round 
 Towers in Ireland ; Tour through South Wales ; Extracts 
 from the Household-Book of Henry VIII. ; Account of a 
 painted Window in Brereton Church, Cheshire ; A Non 
 descript Coin. See Archaeol. iii.,1774; also Phil. Trans., 
 1781 ; and Chalmers's Biog. Diet 
 
 Brereton, Thomas. Sermon on Prov. i. 10, Svo. 
 
 Brereton, William. His Case, Lon., 1779. 
 
 Brerewood, Edward, 1565-1615, a mathematician 
 and antiquary, admitted of Brasenose College, 1581, 
 chosen Professor of Astronomy in Gresham College, 1596. 
 De Ponderibus et Pretiis veterum Nummorum, <fcc., Lon., 
 1614, 4to; repub. by Walton, in the Preliminary Disserta 
 tions to the Polyglot. Enquiries touching the diversities 
 of Languages and Religions through the chief parts of 
 the World, Lon., 1614, '22, '35, 4to ; 1674, Svo j trans, into 
 Latin, German, and French. 
 
 " The people of America are the progeny of the Tartars." See 
 p. 96. 
 
 " There is a good deal of learning iu this small work, partly of 
 a biblical nature, and partly relating to Church History." ORMB. 
 
 " A very learned work." DR. PARR. 
 
 See Oldys's Brit Librarian, p. 159-162. Brerewood 
 wrote Treatises on the Sabbath, 1630, '32, and some other 
 works. See Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Brerewood, Thomas. Galfred and Juletta, or the 
 Road of Nature ; a Tale, Lon., 1772, 3 vols. 4to. 
 
 Brest, Vincent. Medical Treatises, Lon., 1732, Ac. 
 
 Bretland, Joseph, 1742-1819, a Unitarian minister 
 of Exeter, England. Sermons, Exeter, 2 vols. Svo, 1820. 
 
 " His sermons are marked by a chaste and correct style of com 
 position." Lon. Monthly Repository. 
 
 Breton, Becton, or Britton, John, d. 1275, 
 Bishop of Hereford, a native of England, was noted for 
 his knowledge of the Civil and Common Law. He made 
 a digest of the Laws of England, which Leland tells us 
 was of great use in its day. 
 
 Breton, John. Sermon, 1714, Svo. 
 
 Breton, Nicholas, 1555-1624, supposed to have been 
 of a Staffordshire family, pub. a number of poetical pieces, 
 a list of which will be found in Ritson's Bibl. Poetica, 
 and in Lowndes's Brit Bibliographer. Sir Egerton 
 Brydges printed in 1815, r. 4to, an edition of Breton's 
 Melancholike Humours, with Critical Preface ; of this re- 
 pub., privately printed, only 100 copies were struck off. 
 
 " Nicholas Breton, a writer of pastorals, sonnets, canzons, and 
 madrigals, in which kind of writing he keeps company with several 
 other contemporary ^emulators of Spenser and Sir Philip Sidney, 
 in a publist collection of selected odes of the chief pastoral son- 
 netteers, &c. of that age." Phillips's Theatrum Poetarum. 
 
 " The ballad of Phillida and Corydon, reprinted by Percy, is a 
 delicious little poem ; and if we are to judge from this specimen, 
 his poetical powers, for surely he must have had the powers of a 
 poet, were distinguished by a simplicity at once easy and elegant." 
 SIR EGERTON BRYDGES. 
 
 Breton, William. Militia Discipline, Lon., 1717, Svo. 
 
 Breton, William Henry, Lieutenant R.N. Ex 
 cursions in New South Wales, 1830-33, Lon., Svo. Scan 
 dinavian Sketches j or, A Tour in Norway, Svo. 
 
 "'This will be found to be by far the most useful guide to the 
 tourist in Norway. This second edition contains much valuable 
 information to the Scandinavian angler." 
 
 Brett, Arthur. The Restauration, or a Poem on th 
 Return of Charles II. to his Kingdom. Lon., 1660, 4to. 
 Threnodia, or the Death of the Duke of Gloucester, Oxon., 
 1660, 4to. Patientia Victrix: or the Book of Job in Lyric 
 Verse, Lon., 1661, Svo. 
 
 " This person, who was a great pretender to poetry, .... by his 
 folly grew so poor, being as I conceive, somewhat crazed, that he 
 desired the almes of gentlemen, especially of Oxford scholars, whom 
 he accidentally met with in London." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Brett, Capt. John, R.N. Trans, of Discourses and 
 Essays from Feyjoo, 1777-80. 
 
 Brett, Joseph. Sermons, 1704, '15. 
 
 Brett, Richard, 1561-1637, educated at Hart Hall, 
 Oxford, was one of the translators of the authorized ver 
 sion of the Holy Scriptures. Vitae Sanctorum Evangelist. 
 Johannis et Lucae, &c., Oxon., 1597, 8vo. Agatharchidis 
 et Memnonis Historicorum, <fec., Oxon., 1597, 16mo. Ico- 
 num Sacrarum decas, <fcc., Oxon., 1603, 4to. 
 
 " He was a person famous in his time for learning as well as piety, 
 skill'd and vers'd to a criticism in the Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Chal- 
 daic, and ^Ithiopic tongues. He was a most vigilant pastor, a dili 
 gent preacher of God's word, a liberal benefactor to the poor, a 
 faithful friend, and a good neighbour." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Brett, Samuel, " Captain of a ship of Malta, against 
 the Turks, in assistance to the Venetians," published a most 
 interesting pamphlet, Lon., 1655, 4to, giving an account 
 of his Observations in his Travels beyond the Seas, includ 
 ing A Narrative of the Proceedings of a great Council of 
 
BRE 
 
 BRE 
 
 Jews, assembled in the Plain of Ageda, in Hungary, about 
 thirty leagues distant from Buda, to examine the Scriptures 
 concerning Christ, on the Twelfth of October, 1650. By 
 Samuel Brett, there present. 
 
 " At the Place aboye named, there assembled about three hun 
 dred Kabbies, called together from several Parts of the World to 
 examine the Scriptures concerning Christ. . . . The King of Hun 
 gary did allow that some Assistants should be sent from Rome; 
 and their Coming thither did prove a great unhappiness to this 
 hopeful Council." 
 
 On the seventh day of the Council, they called in to their 
 aid six of the Roman Clergy, " sent by the Pope to assist 
 in this Council." The instructions of the priests were not 
 at all relished by the Jews, for 
 
 " As soon as the Assembly had heard these Things from them, 
 they were generally and exceedingly troubled thereat, and fell into 
 high Clamours against them and their Religion, crying out, No 
 Christ, no Woman-God, no Intercession of Saints, no Worshipping 
 of Images, no Praying to the Virgin Mary, &c. Truly their Trou 
 ble hereat was so great, that it troubled me to see their Impatience ; 
 they rent their Cloaths and cast Dust upon their Heads, and cried 
 out, Blasphemy, Blasphemy! and, upon this, the Council broke 
 up. ... I do believe there were many Jews there, that would have 
 been persuaded to own the Lord Jesus ; and this I assure you for 
 a Truth, and it is for the Honour of our Religion, and the Encou 
 ragement of our Divines, one eminent Rabbi there did deliver his 
 Opinion, in Conference with me, that he at first feared that those 
 which were sent from Rome would cause an unhappy Period to 
 their Council; and professed to me, that he much desired the Pre 
 sence of some Protestant Divines, and especially of our English Di 
 vines, of whom he had a better Opinion than of any other Divines 
 in the World." 
 
 This very curious pamphlet was reprinted in vol. i. of 
 The Harleian Miscellany, and vol. i. of The Phoenix, p. 543. 
 Brett, Thomas, 1667-1743, a native of Bettishanger, 
 Kent, admitted* of Queen's College, Cambridge, 1684, and 
 Corpus Christi, 1689; Rector of Bettishanger, 1703, and 
 of Ruck in ge, 1705; received into communion with the Non- 
 jurors, 1715. He was a voluminous writer of controversial 
 pieces. His Dissertation on the Principal Liturgies used 
 by the Christian Church in the celebration of the Holy 
 Eucharist, pub. 1720, has been highly commended. 
 
 " No man can seriously peruse the writings of Brett relative to 
 the Liturgies of the Primitive Churches, without being impressed 
 with the importance of the subject." HrMen on Tradition. 
 
 His Collection of the different Liturgies, with a Disser 
 tation on them, also appeared in 1720. In 1743 was pub. 
 his Letter to a Clergyman, showing why our English Bibles 
 differ so much from the Septuagint, though both are trans 
 lated from the Hebrew Original, 8vo. The 2d edit., en 
 larged, and pub. from the author's MS. after his death, 
 appeared in 1760, 8vo. It was repub. in Bishop Watson's 
 Collection of Theolog. Tracts, vol. iii. 
 
 " It is an excellent dissertation, and cannot foil of being very 
 useful to such as have not leisure or opportunity to consult Dr. 
 Hody's book, De Bibliorum Textibus." BISHOP WATSON. 
 Brett, W. H. Indian Missions in Guiana, 8vo. 
 " An interesting volume, well calculated for helping forward the 
 Church's missions, by inducing persons to consider the subject, 
 who would put aside mere official statements and papers." English 
 Churchman. 
 
 "The volume before us will tell the nature of the work which is 
 being quietly done by the missionaries of the Society for the Pro 
 pagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts." English Review. 
 
 Brettingham, Matthew. Remarks on several Parts 
 of Europe, Lon., 1723, '25, '28, '38, 4 vols. fol. 
 
 Brettingham, Matthew. Plans, Elevations, and 
 Sections of Holkham in Norfolk, the Seat of the Earl of 
 Leicester, Lon., 1761, atlas fol. ; enlarged, 1773. See Wai- 
 pole's Works, vol. iii., 1798. 
 
 Breues, John. The Fortune Hunters, 1753, 8vo. 
 The Fortunate Lovers, 1754, 8vo. The Chain of Fate, 
 1755, 8vo. 
 
 Breval, Dr. Sermons, 1670, fol. 
 Breval, John Durant de, a captain under the Duke 
 of Marlborough, a son of Dr. Breval, Prebendary of West 
 minster, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. Re 
 marks on Several Parts of Europe, Lon., 1723-38, 4 vols. 
 in 2, fol. The Confederates ; a Farce, 1717, 8vo : this hits 
 a side blow at Three Hours after Marriage, the unfortunate 
 banthng of Pope, Arbuthnot, and Gay : though bearin<* 
 the name of the latter only. 
 
 On which account Mr. Pope, who never could forgive the least 
 attempt made against his reigning the unrivalled sovereign in the 
 throne of wit, has introduced this gentleman [Brevall into that 
 poetical pillory, The Dunciad, among the various authors whom he 
 has supposed devotees of the goddess of Dulness." Binq Dramat 
 The History of the House of Nassau, Ac., 1734 8vo' 
 Other works. 
 
 Brevard, Joseph. An Alphabetical Digest of the 
 Public Statute Law of S. Carolina, Phila., 1814, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 " The execution of this digest was not sanctioned nor adopted 
 by the legislature of the State, but the convenient arrangement 
 and the learning and accuracy of the compiler, rendered it an ac- 
 septable and authoritative work." Jfartrin's Legal Bill. 
 
 Reports of Judicial Decisions in S. Carolina 1793-1815, 
 Charleston, 1840, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Brevint, Daniel, 1616-1695, a native of Jersey, Fel 
 low of Jesus College, Oxford, 1638; Prebendary of Dur 
 ham, 1661; Dean of Lincoln, 1681. Missale Romanum, 
 or the depth and mystery of the Roman Mass laid open and 
 explained, for the use of both reformed and unrefornied 
 Christians, Oxf., 1672, vo. The Christian Sacrament and 
 Sacrifice, <fcc., Oxf., 1673, 8vo. The above two works were 
 pub. in one vol., Oxf., 1847, 8vo. Dr. Waterland had ex 
 pressed his desire to see a reprint : 
 
 ; Dr. Brevint was well read in the Eucharistic Sacrifice ; no man 
 understood it better ; which may appear from two tracts of his upon 
 the subject, small ones both, but extremely fine. He stood upon 
 the ancient ground, looked upon evangelical duties as the true 
 oblation and sacrifice, resolved the sacrifice of the Eucharist, ac 
 tively considered, solely into them ; and he explained the practical 
 uses of that doctrine in so clear, so lively, and so affecting a way, 
 that we shall scarce meet with any thing on the subject that can 
 justly be thought to exceed it, or even come up to it. I could 
 heartily join my wishes with a late learned writer that that excel 
 lent little book, entitled The Christian Sacrament and Sacrifice, 
 might be reprinted for the honour of God, and the benefit of the 
 Church." 
 
 Saul and Samuel at Endor, or the new waies of Salvation 
 and Service which usually tempt men to Rome and detain 
 them there, truely represented and refuted, Oxf., 1674, 
 1688, 8vo. Ecclesise Primitive, &c. Other works. 
 
 Brewer, Anthony, a dramatic writer temp. James I. 
 Country Girl, C., 1647, 4to. Love-sick King, Trag. Hist., 
 1655, 4to. The two preceding are the pieces which "wri 
 ters in general" ascribe to Brewer. Winstanley and Phil 
 lips make him the writer of six plays. Kirkman, Jacob, 
 and Gildon allow him but two. Langbaine denies Winstan- 
 ley's assertion that Lingua, or the Combat of the Tongue 
 and the Five Senses for Superiority,1607, 4to,was written by 
 Brewer. This piece has become famous from the story that 
 
 " At the first performance of this play at Trinity College, Cam 
 bridge, Oliver Cromwell personated the part of Tactus, from which 
 he first imbibed his ambitious sentiments." 
 
 See an interesting discussion of this subject in the Biog. 
 Dramat. ; " Brewer, Anthony." 
 
 Brewer, E. C., D.D., of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 
 Head Master of King's College School in union with King's 
 College, London. A Guide to Roman History. Allison's 
 Guide to English History, entirely rewritten, and greatly 
 improved. Poetical Chronology of Inventions, Discoveries, 
 <fec., 12mo. Arithmetical Tables. School Recitations, 12mo. 
 System of Book-Keeping, 12mo. Key to, by Double En 
 try, 12mo. Guide to Scientific Knowledge of Things Fami 
 liar, 18mo, Lon., 1850. Key to, 18mo. This work has un 
 doubtedly proved one of the most useful of the age. 
 
 " As a book of reference its worth is unparalleled ; as a book of 
 instruction it is no less valuable ; and as a volume taken up to 
 pass a pleasant half hour or so, it will be found exceedingly at 
 tractive and interesting." Magazine of Science. 
 
 " As a School Book it is invaluable, for it contains an amount of 
 information never before compressed in any volume of the same 
 dimensions." English Journal of Education. 
 
 " We cordially commend it to all who have to do with the sub 
 ject of education." Christian Witness. 
 
 " It is a most charming family book, and cannot fail to interest 
 all classes of people." Evangelical Magazine. 
 
 " It will be impossible to dip into this charming little volume, 
 open it at whatever part you may, without delight. Every page 
 is calculated to rivet the attention, and to show how interesting is 
 the study of useful knowledge." Educational Times. 
 
 This work attained such great popularity as soon as pub 
 lished, that 25,000 copies were printed in about two years. 
 
 Mr. Robert E. Peterson, of Philadelphia, made it the 
 basis of his Familiar Science, or the Scientific Explana 
 tion of Common Things, making such additions, altera 
 tions, &Q. as to greatly improve the value of the work. 
 This volume (pub. by Childs & Peterson, Philadelphia) 
 has had a very extensive sale, and may be warmly com 
 mended as a desirable manual for the school, the library, 
 or the parlour table. 80,000 sold in four years. 
 
 "I consider the book a valuable contribution to our means of 
 instruction in schools, and hope to see it generally introduced and 
 used by teachers. Fathers of families also, who are now frequently 
 puzzled by the questions of the young philosophers of their house 
 holds, will do well to procure a copy, and avoid saying so often 
 'I do not know.'" PROF. WM. H. ALLEN, President of Girard 
 College. 
 
 " Familiar Science embodies a vast amount of facts and princi 
 ples relating to the several branches of natural science, judiciously 
 selected and arranged, and very useful to awaken inquiry in the 
 young, and form a taste for such studies." REV. LTMAN COLEMAN. 
 
 " I consider the volume a valuable accession to Christian scien 
 tific literature, and worthy a place in every family and in every 
 academy or school." REV. DR. DITRBIN. 
 
 " It contains a vast amount of useful information on subjects 
 which force themselves upon the attention both of old and young, 
 and it is likely to cultivate, in those who read it, habits of inquiry 
 and reflection." RT. REV. ALONZO POTTER. 
 
BRE 
 
 BRE 
 
 Brewer, George, b. 1766, pub. a number of works, ! 
 among which are, The History of Tom Weston, Lon., 1791, 
 2 vols., 12mo. Maxims of Gallantry, 1793, 8vo. The 
 Motto, 1795, 2 vols. 12mo. The Rights of the Poor Con 
 sidered, 1800, 8vo. Debtor and Creditor, 1806, 8vo. How 
 to be Happy, 1814, 12mo. Hours of Leisure, 1806, 12mo. 
 
 Brewer, Henry. See BRAWERN. 
 
 Brewer, J. N., a miscellaneous writer. A Winter's 
 Tale, 1799, 4 vols. 12mo. An old Family Legend, 1811, 4 
 vols. 12mo. History of Oxfordshire, 1813. Introduc. to 
 the Beauties of England and Wales, 1814, 8vo. The Pic 
 ture of England, Lon., 1820, 12mo. Account of Palaces 
 and Public Buildings, 1810, 4to. Histrionic Topography, 
 Lon., 1818, 8vo. Beauties of Ireland, Lon., 1826, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Brewer, J. S., Professor of English Literature in 
 King's College, London. 1. Elementary Atlas of History 
 and Geography, Lon., 1855, r. 8vo. 2. Monumenta Fran- 
 ciscana, <fcc., 1858 : see Lon. Athen., July 31, 1858, 129. 
 See THORNDIKE, HERBERT. 
 
 Brewer, James, M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1700 : 
 Beds of Oyster Shells near Reading, Berkshire. 
 
 Brewer, Rev. Josiah, b. 1796, Mass., grad. Yale 
 Coll. For ten years a missionary to the Levant. Resi 
 dence at Constantinople in 1827, 8vo. Patmos, and the 
 Seven Churches of Asia, 1851. 
 
 Brewer, Thomas. The Weeping Lady ; or London 
 like Ninivie in Sackcloth, Lon., 1625, 4to. Bib. Anglo- 
 Poet., 3 13. 6<2. A Knot of Fooles, Lon., 1658, 4to. In 
 Brit. Museum. Roxburghe, 3380, 3. 
 
 Brewerton, T. Le Gay. Chemical Con. to Nic. 
 Jour., 1810. 
 
 Brewster, Celestia A., born 1812 in Mass. Bloss's 
 Ancient History and Heroines of the Crusades, <fcc. 
 
 Brewster, Sir David, LL.D. and K.H., one of the 
 most distinguished of modern experimental philosophers, 
 was born at Jedburgh, Scotland, Dec. 11, 1781. He stu 
 died at the University of Edinburgh, where he became 
 intimate with Dugald Stewart, Playfair, and Robison. 
 In 1808 he undertook the editorship of the Edinburgh En 
 cyclopaedia, which was not completed until 1830. He re 
 ceived the honorary degree of LL.D. from the University 
 of Aberdeen in 1807, and in 1808 was elected a Fellow of 
 the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In 1813 he pub. his 
 Treatise on New Philosophical Instruments. In con 
 junction with Professor Jameson, in 1819, he established 
 the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal ; this work contains 
 contributions by Herschel, Humboldt, Blumenbach, Prout, 
 and other eminent philosophers. Subsequently Sir David 
 commenced the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, of which 
 16 vols. appeared. In 1815 the Institute of France elected 
 Dr. Brewster a corresponding member, and he has been 
 similarly honoured by the Royal Academies of Russia, 
 Prussia, Sweden, and Denmark. In 1831 he received the 
 decoration of the Hanoverian Guelphic Order, and in 1832 
 he was knighted by William IV. A higher honour was in 
 reserve for him : by the death of Berzelius, a vacancy oc 
 curred in the number (never more than eight) of the Fo 
 reign Associate Members of the National Institute of 
 France ; Sir David was elected. 
 
 " The eight associate members of the Institute are generally Re 
 garded as the eight greatest cetebres in the learned world." La 
 
 Sir David's first wife was a daughter of the celebrated 
 Macpherson, the editor or author, as opinions vary of 
 Ossian. 
 
 " Sir David Brewster' s numerous writings take in a wide 
 range of science. His most valuable scientific papers are 
 published in the 'Transactions' of the Royal Societies of 
 London and of Edinburgh. Among the more important 
 are: 1. On a new Analysis of Solar light, indicating three 
 primary colours, forming coincident spectra of equal length. 
 2. On Circular Polarization. 3. On the Effects of Com 
 pression and Dilatation in altering the polarizing structure 
 of the doubly refracting crystals; and others, in which 
 the law is determined which connects the refractive index 
 of a crystal with its angle of polarization, and the dis 
 covery of rings in biaxial crystals is made known. Other 
 papers are to be found in the Edinburgh Rev., the Reports 
 of the British Association, the Lib. of Useful Knowledge, 
 the Phil. Mag., (of which Sir David is one of the editors,) 
 and the North Brit. Rev. : they embrace physical geography, 
 astronomy, photography, meteorology, <fcc. Of separate j 
 works may be mentioned : 4. A Treatise on the Kaleido 
 scope, 1819, 8vo. 5. Notes to Robison's System of Me- 
 chanical Philosophy, 1822, 4 vols. 8vo. 6. Euler's Letters; 
 with a Life of Euler, 1823, 2 vols. 12mo. 7. Notes and 
 Introductory Chapter to Legendre's Elements of Geometry, 
 
 1824. 8. Treatise on Optics, 1831, 8vo. American edition, 
 by Prof. A. D. Bacbe, Phila., 1833, 12mo. 9. Letters on 
 Natural Magic, 1831, 12mo. 10. Life of Sir Isaac New 
 ton, 1831, 12mo. 11. The Martyrs of Science; or. The 
 Lives of Galileo, Tycho Brahe", and Kepler, 1841, 12mo, 
 (2d ed., Svo, 1846.) 12. Treatise on the Microscope, p. 8vo. 
 13. More Worlds than One : the Creed of the Philosopher, 
 and the Hope of the Christian, 1854, 8vo. 14. Memoirs of 
 the Life, Writings, and Discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton, 
 1855, 2 vols. Svo." See Knight's Eng. Cyc., Div. Biog., vol. i. 
 
 " Dr. Brewster's book [Life of Newton] is a most scientific and 
 interesting one : there is instruction for the ignorant, learning for 
 the learned, science for the profound, and anecdotes personal and 
 scientific for the idler and the gossip. All that can be now known 
 of the illustrious Newton is told with considerable clearness and 
 beauty; his discoveries are discussed, his inventions described, the 
 character of the most eminent of his companions drawn, and we 
 follow him to the observatory, the study, the Royal Society, and 
 the private chamber. It is a work which affords much instruction 
 and pleasure." Lon. Athenaeum. (Review of 1st ed.) 
 
 The Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton, 1855, 2 vols. Svo, has 
 not passed without censure. See NEWTON, SIR ISAAC. We 
 should not omit to notice the valuable article on Mag 
 netism in the 7th edit, of the Encyc. Brit. 
 
 The Lives of Galileo, Tycho Brahe", and Kepler, the 
 Martyrs of Science, have been commended. A late martyr 
 of science, in noticing one of Sir David's last works, paid 
 the following handsome tribute to the venerable author : 
 
 " The sale of a work is usually no bad test of the interest which 
 attaches to the subject of it; and we accept it as good in evidence, 
 that the question respecting the ' plurality of worlds,' so ingeni 
 ously discussed by Sir David Brewster and his anonymous antago 
 nist, is one which successfully addresses itself to at least the curio 
 sity of the reading portion of the community, that Sir David's 
 More Worlds than One, though not yet six months before the 
 public, is already in what is more than tantamount to its third 
 edition. The sale of the third thousand of his separate Treatise 
 is, we are informed, fast progressing; and his article on the same 
 subject in the North British Review, which formed the pregnant 
 nucleus of the work, is understood to have enjoyed at least an 
 equal circulation. There does certainly exist a wide-spread desire 
 to-know, so far as can be known, the extent of God's living, re 
 sponsible creation. The planet which we inhabit is but one vessel 
 in the midst of a fleet sailing on through the vast ocean of space, 
 under convoy of the sun. Far on the distant horizon what seem 
 to be a great many other convoy ships appear, though such is their 
 remoteness, that even our best glasses enable us to know very little 
 regarding them. But in the vessels of the same group as ourselves, 
 we see evolutions similar to those which our own ship performs 
 we see them maintain relations similar to our own to the great 
 guardian vessel in the midst we see them regulated by her in all 
 their movements, and that when nights fall dark, most of them 
 have their sets of lanthorns hoisted up to give them light; and 
 there is a desire among us to know somewhat respecting the crews 
 of these neighbour-vessels of ours, and whether as we all seem 
 bound on a common voyage the expedition, as it is evidently 
 under one and the same control, may not have a common purpose 
 or object to accomplish. Such is the natural, and surely not irra 
 tional, curiosity that has led in part to the extensive circulation of 
 the two recently published works which discuss the question on 
 its opposite sides ; though in perhaps equal part, however, their 
 popularity must be owing to the admirable manner in which they 
 are written, and the high scientific acquirements of their respective 
 authors. It is not every day that combatants such as Sir David 
 Brewster, and, shall we say, Professor Whewell, meet in the arena. 
 There is a pleasing peculiarity in the writings of our great coun 
 tryman, which our readers must have often remarked. 
 
 " We referred on a recent occasion to the remark of Sir James 
 Mackintosh, that ' the memorable instances of Cicero and Milton, 
 and still more those of Dryden and Burke, seem to show that there 
 is some natural tendency in the fire of genius to burn more brightly 
 or to blaze more fiercely in the evening than in the morning of 
 human life.' We can, however, regard none of these instances, 
 nor yet that of Dugald Stewart, which Sir James also adduces, as 
 equally striking with the one furnished by the literary history of 
 Sir David. The poet who produced, while yet a boy, the Hymn 
 of the Nativity, did not leave himself much room for future im 
 provement, in at least poetic feeling and conception; and in the 
 earlier writings of Dryden and Burke, we find no equivocal pro 
 mise of what was afterwards to be accomplished in the Ode to St. 
 Cecilia's Day, and the Reflections on the French Revolution. In 
 the earlier compositions of Sir David, on the other hand always 
 severe in style, and sternly scientific in form there is compara 
 tively little indication of that rich flow of fancy and imagination, 
 and that fertility of happy illustration, which his later writings 
 exhibit. As in the far west, his year of life enjoys an ' Indian 
 summer' greatly richer and more gorgeous in its scenery than any 
 of the seasons that have gone before. There is something inex 
 pressibly pleasing in exhibitions of this kind. A vigorous and 
 still youthful mind lodged in a material framework which has 
 served its purposes during the ordinary term of life, and gives evi 
 dence that, though age presses upon it but lightly, his touch is 
 there, is of itself an argument for the immortality of the better 
 part. Were soul and body to perish together, they would surely 
 exhibit traces of the same decay. Further, too, it is a singularly 
 agreeable sight, as illustrative of that happiest condition of ad 
 vanced life, which the Psalmist could describe as peculiarly the 
 gift of God to his own. In old age, when others foiled and faded, 
 the righteous man was still to bring forth fruit and blossom, as in 
 his fresh and vigorous years. There was to be sap and fatness in 
 his unshrivelled trunk, and green leaves and bright flowers on all 
 his boughs." HUGH MILLER: Edinburgh Witness. 
 
BRE 
 
 BRI 
 
 The Plurality of Worlds is now ascribed to Mr. J. S. ; 
 Smith, of Baliol College, Oxford. 
 Brewster, Sir Francis. Trade and Navigation,1695. 
 Brewster, James. Lectures on our Lord's Sermon 
 on the Mount, Edin. and Lon., 1809, 8vo. 
 
 " Always clear, generally judicious, and sometimes discriminat 
 ing." Lon. Christian Observer. 
 
 Brewster, John, educated at Lincoln College, Ox 
 ford, d. 1843. Theolog. and other works, 1792-1818. 
 The Parochial History and Antiquities of Stockton-upon- 
 Tees, 1796, 4to. Meditations of a Recluse, 1800, 12mo. 
 Meditations of the Aged, 1810, 8vo. 
 
 " The Meditations of Brewster are much admired." LOWNDES. 
 Lectures on the Acts of the Apostles, Lon., 1807, 2 vols. 
 8vo ; 2d edit., Lon., 1831, 1 vol. 8vo. These Lectures are 
 an imitation of Bishop Porteus's excellent Lectures on the 
 Gospel according to St. Matthew. 
 
 " Mr. Brewster is full of illustrations from the fathers and di 
 vines of various ages ; and his own remarks are not trite, but 
 lively, as well as just." British Critic. 
 
 Contemplations on the Last Discourses of our Blessed 
 Saviour with his Disciples, Ac., Lon., 1822, 8vo. 
 Brewster, Richard. Sermon, 1 Sam. xii. 24, 4to. 
 Brewster, Samuel. Theolog. Treatises, Lon., 1700, 
 '01, 8vo. 
 
 Brewster, Samuel. Jus feciale Anglicanum, or a 
 Treat, of the Law of Eng. rel. to War and Rebellion, 1725. 
 Brewster, Samuel. Collectanea Ecclesiastica, Lon., 
 1752, 4to. See in this work a treatise by Bishop Walton, 
 entitled A Treatise concerning the Payment of Tythes in 
 London. 
 
 Brewster,William. Theolog.Anecdotes, 3d ed.,1812. 
 
 Brian, Thomas. The P. Prophet, Lon., 1637, 4to. 
 
 Briant, Alexander, 1557-1581, entered at Hart Hall, 
 
 Oxford, 1557, executed for high treason at Tyburn, 1581, 
 
 wrote whilst in prison Literas ad Reverendos Patres So- 
 
 cietatis Jesu in Anglia degentes, and some Letters to his 
 
 Friends and Afflicted Catholics. See Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Bribner, Francis. His Declaration, June 17, 1688, 
 containing his reasons for renouncing the Roman Catholic, 
 and embracing the Protestant Religion ; fol. 
 
 Brice, Alexander. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1766 ; 
 Astronomy and Natural History. 
 
 Brice, Andrew. Geograph. Diet., Exeter, 1760, 2 v. 
 fol. The Mobiad; a Poem, Oxf., 1770, 8vo. 
 
 Brice, J. Divinity of the Messiah, 1800, 8vo. 
 Brice, John. Laws of the U. S. in force relative to 
 commercial subjects, Baltimore, 1831. 
 
 Brice, Thomas. A Compendious Register in Metre, 
 conteining the Names and pacient Suffryngs of the Mem- 
 bres of Jesus Christ, and the tormented and cruelly burned 
 within England, Ac., London, by John Kyngston, 1559, 
 sm. 8vo. 
 
 Brice, Thomas. History, Ac. of Exeter, 8vo. 
 Brichan, David, D.D. Sermons, 1805, '06; 2 vols. 
 do. 1807-12, 8vo. 
 
 "The elocution of the style is supported by a closeness, ma 
 turity, and dignity of sentiment, that we have not often wit 
 nessed." Eclectic Review. 
 
 " His style is strength, rather than elegance." Monthly Review. 
 " The general character of these Discourses is a masculine vigour, 
 a thorough acquaintance with the different subjects discussed, and 
 an earnest, though by no means an enthusiastic, zeal in endea 
 vouring to impress the great truths of Christianity on the hearers." 
 Brit. Crit. 
 
 Brickell, John, M.D. The Natural History of North 
 Carolina, with engravings, 1743, 8vo; Dubl., 1723, '37, 
 '39", 8vo, 1743, 8vo. Cat. of American Trees and Shrubs, 
 which will endure the climate of England, Lon., 1739, fol. 
 Brickington, Stephen. See BIRCHINGTON. 
 Bricknell, W. S. Notices of the Oxford Tracts, Ac. 
 1845, Ac. 
 
 Bridall, John. See BRYDALL. 
 Bridecake, Ralph. Sermon, 1730, 4to. 
 Bridecake, T. Medical Treatise, 1807. 
 Bridferth, flourished 980, a British monk, ami the 
 most eminent mathematician of his day, was a teacher of 
 the school at Ramsey. 
 
 " Bridforth's Commentaries, on the two treatises of Bede, D 
 Natura Rerum, and De Temporum Ratione. are extremely valu 
 able for the light they throw on tte method of teachin" in the 
 Anglo-Saxon schools. They are probably nothing more than notes 
 on the lectures delivered in the school at Ramsey. Bede's Trea 
 tises were still the text-books of the Anglo-Saxon scholars." 
 
 Bridferth left comments on the tracts De Indigitatione 
 and De Ratione Unciarum, published under the name of 
 Bede. Pits attributes to him De Principiis Mathematicis, 
 lib. i., and De Institutione Monachorum, lib. i. ; and Ma- 
 billon gives him credit for the MS. Life of Dunstan, 
 printed in the Acta Sanctorum, torn. iv. 1685. This opi- 
 244 
 
 nion is generally concurred in. Bridferth's Commentaries 
 will be found in some editions of Bede's works ; Colon. 
 Agrip., 1612, torn. i. Ac. See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. ; 
 Pits's De Illustribus, Ac. 
 
 Bridil, E. P. Grammatical Treatises, Ac., 1799-1807. 
 
 Bridge, Bewick. Mathematical Lectures, 1810-11, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " A valuable introduction to the science." LOWNDES. 
 
 Other mathematical treatises, 1811-21. 
 
 Bridge, Francis. Sermon, 1684. 
 
 Bridge, Josiah, d. 1801, aged 61, minister of East 
 Sudbury, Massachusetts, pub. an Election Sermon, 1789. 
 
 Bridge, Samuel. Treatises on the Militia,1803-09. 
 
 Bridge, Thomas, d. 1715, aged 58, a minister of 
 Boston, Massachusetts, was a native of Hackney, Eng 
 land. Sermons, 1705, '10, '13. 
 
 Bridge, William, 1600-1690, an eminent Puritan 
 divine, was educated at Emanuel College, Cambridge. 
 He preached for a time at Norwich, but being silenced 
 for Nonconformity, went to Rotterdam, where he took 
 charge of a congregation. In 1642 he returned to Eng 
 land, became minister of Great Yarmouth, whence he was 
 ejected in 1662. He was also a member of the West 
 minster Assembly. Archbishop Laud thus refers to him. 
 
 " In Norwich, one Mr. Bridge, rather than he would conform, 
 hath left his lecture, and two cures, and is gone into Holland. 
 On the margin of this passage, Charles I. wrote: 'Let him go; 
 we are well rid of him !' " Laud's Troubles and Trials. 
 
 Bridge pub. Sermons, 1641, '68, '71, '73 ; a Reply to Dr. 
 Terne, 1643, 4to. Life of Jessy, 1671, 8vo. His principal 
 works appeared in 1657, 2 vols. 4to. In 1845 his Works, 
 now first collected, were pub. in 5 vols. 8vo ; containing 
 above 100 sermons. Among the most noted of his dis 
 courses were nine sermons, entitled Seasonable Truths in 
 Evil Times, 1668, 8vo. 
 
 His sermons on Faith were highly recommended by the 
 Countess of Huntingdon. Bridge was very studious in 
 his habits. 
 
 " He possessed a library well furnished with the fathers, school 
 men, and critics. He was a very close student, rising every morn 
 ing, both in winter and summer, at four o'clock, and continuing 
 in his library until eleven." 
 
 Bridgeman, G. Admiral Duncan's Victory, 1797. 
 
 Bridgeman, Thomas. 1. Young Gardener's Assist 
 ant, N.Y., 1847, 8vo. 2. Florist's Guide. 3. Fruit-Culti 
 vator's Manual. 4. Kitchen-Gardener's Instructor. 
 
 Bridgeman, William. Trans, from the Greek, 1804, 
 '07. Moral Philosophy from Aristotle, Pythagoras, Ac. 
 
 Bridgeman. See BRIDGMAN. 
 
 Bridgen, R. Antiq. of Sefton Church, 1822, fol., Ac. 
 Designs for Grecian and other Furniture, 1838, 4to. In 
 terior Decorations of Sefton Church, Lancashire, fol. 
 Sketches of West Indian Scenery, imp. 4to. 
 
 Bridgen, William. Assize Sermon, 1712, 8vo. 
 
 Bridges, Charles, Vicar of Old Newton. Exposi 
 tion of Psalm 119th, as illustrative of the character and 
 exercises of Christian Experience, Lon., 1838, 12ino ; 19th 
 edit., 1849. 
 
 " An excellent manual of religion, plain, practical, and devo 
 tional." Lon. Eclectic Review. 
 
 "Its interpretations are unexceptionably evangelical; its rea 
 sonings are close and connected ; and its appeals to the heart ara 
 such as to approve themselves to the experience of every devout 
 believer in Christ." Lon. Evangelical Mag. 
 
 The Christian Ministry, with an Inquiry into the Causes 
 of its Inefficiency, and with an Especial Reference to the 
 Ministry of the Establishment, Lon., 1829, 12mo. 
 
 " A truly valuable and profitable book, and well deserving of a 
 place among the books of every young minister." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 An Exposition of the Book of Proverbs, Lon., 18-16, 
 2 vols. 12mo; 2d edit., with additions, 1847; 3d edit., 
 1850. The exposition of the first nine chapters has been 
 pub. separately, under the title of A Manual for the Young. 
 
 " The most lucid and satisfactory commentary on the Book of 
 Proverbs that we have met with ; and though it is of a populai 
 cast, and quite within the scope of the general reader, it is a book 
 which clergymen will find it to their advantage frequently and 
 diligently to consult." 
 
 Essay on Family Prayer, 12mo. Sacramental Instruc 
 tion, 12mo. Scriptural Studies. 18mo. 
 
 Bridges, George, d. 1677. The Memoirs of the 
 Duke of Rohan, trans, from the French, Lon., 1660, 8vo. 
 See Censura Literaria, vol. iv. 
 
 Bridges, James. Polit. State of Scotland, 1818, 8vo. 
 
 Bridges, Jeremiah. The Foot of the Horse, 1752. 
 
 Bridges, John, d. 1590. Trans, of Gualter's 175 
 Homelyes, 1572. 
 
 Bridges, John, Bishop of Oxford, d. 1618. Supre- 
 macie of Christian Princes, Ac., 1573, 4to. Defence of 
 
BRI 
 
 BRI 
 
 the Gouernment established in the Church of England, j 
 Ac., 1587, 4to. Quatuor Evangelia, 1604, 8vo. 
 
 " Us was eminent for his theological writings, more especially j 
 as a defender of the church against the Puritans." Censura 
 Lileraria, vol. ii. 
 
 Martin Marprelate (Penry) does not seem to have placed 
 a high value on the bishop's Defence of the Church. 
 
 Bridges, John, b. about 1666, d. 1724, an eminent 
 antiquary, about 1719 began to make Collections towards 
 a History of Northamptonshire. He collected enough ma 
 terials to fill 30 folio, 5 4to, and 5 small volumes. He died 
 before he was ready for the press, and the MSS. were 
 placed in the hands of Dr. Samuel Jebb, who pub. Parts 
 1, 2, and a portion of No. 3, 1737, &c. The work was I 
 stopped at the press by want of means and other diffi 
 culties, and it was not until 1791 that the History ap 
 peared, edited by the Rev. Peter Whalley, Oxford, 2 vols. 
 fol. For an interesting account of this work, and the causes 
 of its slow progress to publication, see Nichols's Lit. Anec 
 dotes, vol. ii. 
 
 ' .Mr. Bridge's History of Northamptonshire is a model to all 
 county historians; and it is heartily to be wished that some 
 native may be found, heir to his skill and public spirit, and meet 
 with due encouragement to continue the labours of Mr. Bridges. 
 I have many materials for the purpose ; which should not be with 
 held from any one qualified for the task." Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes, 
 vol. ii. 
 
 For lists of works on British Topography, see Nichols 
 and Sons' (son and grandson of the celebrated John Ni 
 chols) current catalogues, and Henry G. Bohn's Guinea 
 Catalogue, 1841. 
 
 Bridges, Sir John. Legal Treatises. Reports, 
 Lon., 1651. 
 
 " A very learned and ingenious author, whose Legal Treatises 
 are less known than they ought to be." Censura Literaria, vol. iv. 
 
 Bridges, Matthew. The testimony of profane An 
 tiquity to the account given by Moses of Paradise and the 
 Fall of Man, Lon., 1825, 8vo. Roman Empire under Con 
 stantino the Great, Lon., 1828, Svo; 7 copies on large 
 paper. Babbicombe and other Poems, 12mo. Jerusalem 
 Regained ; a Poem, 8vo. 
 
 Bridges,Noah. Vulgar Arithmetique, 1653, 12mo,etc. 
 
 Bridges, Ralph, D.D. Sermons, Lon., 1700, '24, 
 '27, '38, 4to. 
 
 Bridges, Robert, Professor of Chemistry in the 
 Phil. College of Pharmacy, <fcc. Fownes's Elementary 
 Chemistry, 3d Amer., edit., from the last London edit., 
 with additions, Phila., 1854, r. 12mo. See FOWNES, 
 GEORGE. 
 
 Bridges, Thomas. New Trans, of Homer's Iliad, 
 adapted to the capacity of honest English Roast Beef and 
 Pudding Eaters, 1764, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " A work full of humour, but which often transgresses the 
 bounds of decency." LOWXDES. 
 
 Dido; a Comic Opera, 1771, 8vo. The Dutchman; a 
 Musical Entertainment, 1775, 8vo. Adventures of a Bank 
 Note ; a Novel. 
 
 Bridges, Walter. A Catechism for Communicants, 
 Lon., 1645, 8vo. 
 
 Bridges, William. Sermons, 1643, '67. 
 
 Bridget, Mrs. 1. Mortimer Hall. 2. B. of Falcon- 
 berg, 1811, '15. 
 
 Bridgewater, Rev. Francis Henry Egerton, 
 eighth Earl of, 1756-1829, was educated at Eton, and 
 All Souls' College, Oxford, where he took the degree of 
 M.A. in 1780. His father, the Bishop of Durham, ap 
 pointed him a Prebendary of Durham in 1780, and in 
 1781 the Duke of Bridgewater presented him to the rectory 
 of Middle in Shropshire, and in 1797 to that of Whit- 
 church in the same county. In 1823 he succeeded his 
 brother in his titles. For many years before his death he 
 resided entirely at Paris. In 1796 he pub. in 4to an edit, 
 of the Hippolytus of Euripides. He also edited A Frag 
 ment of an Ode of Sappho from Longinus, and an Ode of 
 Sappho from Dionysius Halicarn., in 8vo. In 1793 he 
 prepared for the Biographia Britannica a Life of Lord 
 Chancellor Egerton, (see vol. v.) 250 copies of this Me 
 moir, considerably enlarged, were privately printed by 
 him \n 1798. This enlarged memoir, and a life of the 
 Bishop of Durham, were intended by the publishers, at 
 the author's request, for the 6th vol. of the Biog. Brit. 
 His lordship pub. several other pieces : see Memoir in 
 Gent. Mag. He left his collections of MSS. and antiqui 
 ties, and a sum of money, to the Brit. Museum. The earl 
 had been deeply impressed with the value of well-digested 
 argumentative treatises upon the subject of man's relations 
 to his Maker. He himself drew up a work upon the sub 
 ject, which was privately printed at Paris, by Didot. By 
 his last Will and Testament, he bequeathed the sum of 
 
 eight thousand pounds sterling to be paid to the person or 
 persons who should be appointed by the President of the 
 Royal Society to prepare a work 
 
 " On the Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of God, as manifested 
 in the Creation, illustrating such work by all reasonable argu 
 ments; as, for instance, the variety and formation of God's crea 
 tures in the animal, vegetable, and mineral kingdoms; the effect 
 of digestion, and thereby of conversion; the construction of the 
 hand of man, and an infinite variety of other arguments; as also 
 by discoveries, ancient and modern, in arts, sciences, and in the 
 whole extent of literature." 
 
 One thousand copies were to be printed, and the profits 
 were to be paid to the author or authors selected for this 
 important duty. The following gentlemen were honoured 
 by the appointment, it being determined to publish eight 
 separate essays : 
 
 1. The Rev. Thomas Chalmers, D.D., Professor of Di 
 vinity in the University of Edinburgh, On the Power, 
 Wisdom, and Goodness of God as manifested in the Adap 
 tation of External Nature to the Moral and Intellectual 
 Constitution of Man. (2 vqls. 8vo; 6th edit., 1840.) 
 
 2. John Kidd, M.D., F.R.S., Regius Professor of Medi 
 cine in the University of Oxford, On the Adaptation of 
 External Nature to the Physical Condition of Man. (8vo; 
 5th edit, 1837.) 
 
 3. The Rev. William Whewell, M.A., F.R.S., Fellow of 
 Trinity College, Cambridge, Astronomy and General Phy 
 sics considered with reference to Natural Theology. (Svo ; 
 7th edit., 1839.) 
 
 4. Sir Charles Bell, K.G.H., F.R.S., L. & E., The Hand : 
 its Mechanism and Vital Endowments as evincing Design. 
 (Svo; 4th edit., 1837.) 
 
 5. Peter Mark Roget, M.D., Fellow and Secretary of 
 the Royal Society, On Animal and Vegetable Physiology, 
 considered with reference to Natural Theology. (2 vols. 
 Svo ; 3d edit,, 1840.) 
 
 6. The Rev. William Buckland, D.D., F.R.S., Canon of 
 Christ Church, and Professor of Geology in the University 
 of Oxford, On Geology and Mineralogy. (2 vols. Svo ; 
 2d edit., 1837.) 
 
 7. The Rev. William Kirby, M.A., F.R.S., On the His 
 tory, Habits, and Instincts of Animals. (2 vols. Svo ; 2d 
 edit., 1835.) 
 
 8. William Prout, M.D., F.R.S., Chemistry, Meteorology, 
 and the Function of Digestion, considered with reference 
 to Natural Theology. (Svo; 3d edit., 1845.)' 
 
 In all, 12 volumes. The names of the above writers are 
 a sufficient guarantee of the value of their respective es 
 says. Great fault has been found with the manner in 
 which the trust has been discharged : 
 
 " Such a bequest is without parallel in the history of our litera 
 ture, but, unfortunately, the intention of the munificent noble 
 man has been absolutely perverted. Instead of one distinct ' work 
 on Natural Theology, which would have been translated into 
 every written language, and which would have formed a more 
 than European monument to the liberality and piety of our coun 
 tryman,' eight independent treatises have appeared, and to them 
 the favoured publisher has affixed such exorbitant prices as to 
 prevent the less wealthy classes of society from benefiting by his 
 lordship's generosity." 
 
 So argues an indignant objector. Perhaps much might 
 be said on the other side, but as we have no space for die- 
 cussion, we will only refer the reader to the Edinburgh 
 Review, Lon. Quarterly Review, Westminster Review, 
 Eraser's Magazine, the Athenaeum, <tc. A new ed. of the 
 Bridgewater Treatises, thoroughly revised and improved, 
 has been pub. by Mr. Bohn in his Scientific Library. The 
 so-called Ninth Bridgewater Treatise, a Fragment, by 
 Charles Babbage, was pub. 1837. 
 
 Bridgewater, John, d. about 1600, who in his writ 
 ings calls himself Aqua Pontanus, was entered of Hart 
 Hall, Oxford, and there removed to Brasenose College. 
 He was chosen Rector of Lincoln College in ] 563, Arch 
 deacon of Rochester, 1570. Becoming favourable to Ro 
 manism, he resigned his preferments, and sought a home 
 in the college for English Roman Catholics at Douay. He 
 died in ' Germany. Concertatio Ecclesiae Catholicse in 
 Anglia. First pub. by Fenn and Gibbons at Triers, 15S3, 
 Svo; enlarged by Bridgewater, 1594, 4to. Confutatio 
 virulentiae Disputationis Theologise, <fec., Triers, 1589, 4to. 
 An Account of the Six Articles usually proposed to the 
 Missionaries that suffered in England. 
 
 Bridgman. Report Bedford Level, 1724, fol. 
 
 Bridgman, Sir John. Reports from the 12th to 
 the 19th of James L, Lon., 1659, fol. Originally taken 
 in French, from which they were trans, into English, and 
 pub. after the author's death. 
 
 " The memory of his great learning and profoundness in the 
 knowledge of the laws of England still remains." 
 
BRI 
 
 . sriod, that they are not often 
 referred to, nor do we understand that they are highly esteemed." 
 See Bridgman's Legal Bib. ; Marvin's Legal Bib. 
 
 Bridgman, Sir Orlando, Lord Chief Justice of the 
 Common Pleas, and successor to the Earl of Clarendon as 
 Keeper of the Great Seal. Conveyances, being Select 
 Precedents of Deeds and Instruments concerning the most 
 considerable Estate in England, Lon., 1652, '82, '99, 1710; 
 6th ed., 1725, in 2 parts, fol. 
 
 " His draughts are still admired and resorted toby all who deem 
 
 BRI 
 
 " Mr. Briggs has evinced both wit and humour of a high order 
 in his Harry Franco, and other novels and sketches." R. W. 
 GRISAVOLD. 
 
 Briggs, Henry, 1556-1630, an eminent mathemati 
 cian, a native of Warley Wood, near Halifax, Yorkshire, 
 was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, of which 
 he became Fellow in 1588 , examiner and lecturer in Ma 
 thematics in 1592; first Professor of Geometry in Gresham 
 College, London, 1596 ; first Savilian Professor of Geome 
 try, 1619. At Oxford he settled himself at Morton Col- 
 
 a propriety of composition and copic 
 patible with technical accuracy. Unf 
 the public in a very slovenly manner; 
 
 G?bw^ic?ta^ respecting an alteration of the scale, and his valuable 
 
 Judgment of the Common Pleas in Benyon v. Evelyn, ! publications on the subject. Logarithmorum Chilias 
 T. T. 14, chap, ii., &c., extracted from Bridgman's Report | prima, Lon., 1617, 8vo. Arithmetica Logarithmica, &e., 
 by F'. Hargrave, Lon., 1811, Svo. Reports of Judgments j Lon., 1624, fol. ; enlarged, printed under the care of Adrian 
 by Sir Orlando Bridgman, <fec., edit, from the Hargrave ' Vlacq, in French, Gonda, 1628, fol. In English, Lon., 
 MSS. by S. Bannister, Lon., 1823, Svo. Sir 0. B. left I 1631, fol. This great work contains the logarithms ot 
 9 vols. of MS. Reports; the above vol. is an extract from I 30,000 natural numbers, to 14 places of figures beside the 
 
 f 1_ ~e i.j *.~c. ~e =<, tr n fiii. rwiandn miidviMi ! index! Briggs died before this work was perfected as he 
 
 designed ; but his friend Henry Gellibrand brought it to 
 completion in 1633, under the title of Trigonometria 
 Britannica, <fcc., Gonda, fol. Briggs pub. some other 
 mathematical works, and A Treatise of the North-West 
 
 four vols. of his notes of cases, <fec. Sir Orlando enjoyed 
 a great reputation as a lawyer. 
 
 " Very eminent in the knowledge of the law." LORD CLARENDON. 
 
 " He should not be mentioned but with reverence and with ve 
 neration for his learning and integrity." LORD NOTTINGHAM. 
 
 ; A very studious gentleman, who had an account brought to 
 him of all that passed in the courts." LORD HOLT. 
 
 " In the arguments of Chief Justice Bridgman, methinks I find 
 that evisceratio causes, as the Roman orator calls it. an exact ana 
 tomy of the case, and dextrous piercing into the very bowels of it; 
 and it was no small commendation of an eminent professor of our 
 law, and one that afterwards was advanced to the highest office a 
 person of that profession can be capable That he always argued 
 like a laivyer and a gentleman." Pref. to Carter's Reports. 
 
 " Mr. Fonblanque [Treat, on Equity] speaks of Bridgman's Re 
 ports, of which Mr. Hargrave had lent him the MS., as for exceed 
 ing Carter's in copiousness, depth, and correctness." 
 
 See Williams's Study of Law ; Bridgman's Leg. Bib. ; 
 Barton's Convey. ; Marvin's Leg. Bib. ; Wallace's Reporters. 
 Bridgman, Richard Whalley. Thesaurus Juri- 
 dicus, Lon., 1799-1800; 2 vols. Svo, 1806. 
 
 " Had this work been completed, it would have formed one of 
 the most useful books in the lawyer's library." Preston on Ab 
 stracts. 
 
 Reflections on the Study of the Law, 1804, Svo. A 
 Short View of Legal Bibliography, Lon., 1807, Svo. 
 
 " Mr. Bridgman's Treatise, though incomplete, is the best Eng 
 lish work existing of the period embraced by his Legal Bibliography. 
 The author's study must have led him to a familiar acquaintance 
 with the Reports, from which we might have expected a more en 
 during and satisfactory monument of research and criticism upon 
 them than this volume affords. This deficiency, so far as regards 
 the older reporters, has recently been adequately supplied by the 
 very judicious and able criticism and notes of Mr. J. W. Wallace in 
 a work entitled, The Reporters chronologically arranged, &c." 
 Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 The second edition of Wallace's Reporters was pub. in 
 Philadelphia, 1845. The third edition, almost entirely 
 rewritten, much extended and enlarged, was pub. Phila 
 delphia, 1855, Svo. 
 
 Bridgman, Thomas, b. 1795, at Northampton, Mas 
 sachusetts. 1. Inscriptions on the Monuments and Tomb 
 stones in the Burying Ground of Northampton, <fec. 2. Me 
 morials of the Dead in Boston, with the Inscriptions on the 
 Monuments and Tombstones in Copp's Hill Burying 
 Ground. 3. Memorials of the Dead in Boston, with In 
 scriptions on the Monuments and Tombstones in King's 
 Chapel Burying Ground. 
 
 Bridgwater, Benjamin. Religio Bibliopolae; in 
 imitation of Dr. Browne's Religio Medici, with a supple- 
 mei.* to it, Lon., 1691, Svo. 
 
 "Hs was of Trinity College in Cambridge, and M. A. His ge 
 nius was very rich, and ran much upon Poetry, in which he ex 
 celled. He was, in part, Author of ' Religio Bibliopolae.' But, 
 alas! in the issue, Wine and Love were the ruin of this ingenious 
 Gentleman." Bunion's Life and Errors, 177. 
 
 The other " author in part" of Religio Bibliopolae is 
 supposed to have been no less a person than that odd 
 member of the profession, John not " glorious John" 
 but gossiping John, himself. But the authorship of this 
 work has been attributed to another person. 
 
 Briganti, Joseph E. India Raw Silk, Lon., 1779, Svo 
 Briggs, Charles F., b. at Nantucket, resides in 
 New York, has gained some celebrity as the author of 
 Harry Franco, a Tale of the Great Panic, 2 vols. 1837 
 The Haunted Merchant, 1843. Working a Passage, o 
 Life in a Liner, 1844. The Trippings of Tom Pepper, an 
 Autobiography. In connection with Mr. John Bisco he 
 originated The Broadway Journal, and for some time he 
 had the editorial charge of Putnam's Monthly Magazine, 
 New York. Mr. B. has also some pretensions to artistic- 
 taste. Some of his opinions upon pictures will be found 
 in the Broadway Journal. 
 246 
 
 Passage to the South Sea, Lon., 1652, 4to.; reprinted in 
 Purchas's Pilgrims, vol. iii. 852. Among the sons of 
 English mathematical science, it is doubtful if there have 
 arisen a greater than Henry Briggs. The illustrious Isaac 
 Barrow, the learned Dr. Smith, the profound Gataker and 
 Oughtred concur in celebrating the praises of the "mirror 
 of the age for his excellent skill in Geometry." 
 
 " Vir doctrina clarus, stupor mathernaticorum. rnoribus ac vita 
 ntegerrimus,&c." Register of Merton College. 
 
 See Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Brit; Life in Smith's Vitaa 
 Erudit. ; Ward's Gresharn Professors ; Martin's Lives of 
 the Philosophers ; Lilly's Life and Times. 
 Briggs, J. Sermons, 1775, '77, 8vo. 
 Briggs, James, Surgeon. Practical Obs. on Diseases 
 of the Eye, Lon., 1806, Svo. An Index to the Anatomical, 
 Medical, Chirurgical, and Physiological Papers contained 
 in the Transactions of the Royal Society of London, from 
 the commencement of that work, to the end of the year 
 1817; chronologically and alphabetically arranged, Lon., 
 1818, 4to. By means of this valuable index a vast amount 
 of scientific lore is rendered easily accessible. 
 
 Briggs, John, Lt.-Col. in the Madras Army. 1. The 
 History of the Rise of the Mahominedan Power in India 
 till the Year A.D. 1612; trans, from the Persian of Ma 
 homed Kasiin Ferishta, Lon., 1829, 4 vols. 8vo. 2. Land- 
 Tax in India, 1830, Svo. 3. Hussein-Khan's Mahom- 
 medan Power in India ; revised by J. B. : vol. i., 1832, 
 Svo. 4. State of the Cotton-Trade in India, 1839, Svo. 
 Briggs, Joseph. Theolog. treatises, 1675, &c. 
 Briggs, Richard. English Art of Cookery, 1788, Svo. 
 Briggs, Robert, M.D. Con. to Nic. Jour., 1804. 
 Briggs, William, M.D., b. about 1650, d. 1704, a 
 native of Norwich, England, was educated at Bene't Col 
 lege, Cambridge. He was Physician-in-Ordinary to Wil 
 liam III., and celebrated for his skill in diseases of the eye. 
 Ophthalmographia, Camb., 1676, Svo; 2d edit,, 1687. In 
 1685, at the request of Mr. (afterwards Sir) Isaac Newton, 
 he pub. a Latin version of his Theory of Vision : to this 
 there is prefixed a recommendatory epistle by Newton. 
 The papers upon the New Theory of Vision will be found 
 in Phil. Trans., 1681, 4to. He contributed some other 
 papers to Phil. Trans., 1684. 
 
 Brigham, Amariah, M.D., 179S-1849, b. in Berk 
 shire co., Mass., Supt. of the Retreat for the Insane at 
 Hartford, 1840-42, and became Supt. of the N.Y. State 
 Lunatic Asylum at Utica, 1843. 1. Asiatic Cholera, 1832. 
 2. Influence of Religion on Health, 1835, 12mo. 3. Dis 
 eases of the Brain, 1836, 12mo. 4. Remarks on the In 
 fluence of Mental Cultivation and Mental Excitement upon 
 Health, 1845, 12mo. 5. Utica Asylum Souvenir, 1849, 18mo. 
 Brigham, Rev. Charles H., born Boston, 1820. 
 Letters of Foreign Travel, 2 vols. Life of the Rev. Simeon 
 Daggett. Numerous Pamphlets, Sermons, <fec. 
 
 Brigham, Nicholas, d. 1559, educated at Hart Hall, 
 Oxford. Memoirs, by way of Diary, in 12 Books. Mis 
 cellaneous Poems. 
 
 Bright, George, D.D. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 
 1678-1699. 
 
 Bright, Henry. The Praxis in English and Latin 
 Exercises, Oxf., 1783. 
 
 Bright, J. H., 1804-1837, a native of Salem, Massa 
 chusetts, contributed under the signature of "Viator," a 
 number of poetical pieces to the periodicals of the day. 
 
BRI 
 
 BRI 
 
 Bright, Richard, M.D. Travels from Vienna 
 through Lower Hungary, 1818, 4to. 
 
 " Agriculture and statistics form the principal topics of this vo- 
 lume, which could have been equally valuable and much more in 
 teresting if the matter had been more compressed." STEVENSON. 
 
 Bright, Timothy, M.D., d. 1616, Rector of Methley 
 in Yorkshire. De Dyscrasia Corporis Humani, Lon., 1583, 
 12mo. Hygiene, <fce., Lon., 1583, Svo. Medicina Thera- 
 peutica, Lon., 1588, 8vo. Animadversiones in G. A. Scri- 
 bonii, Cantab., 1584, 8vo. A Treatise of Melancholic, 
 Lon., 1586, 12mo. It has been supposed by some that 
 Burton took the hint of his Anatomy of Melancholy from 
 this treatise. Charactery; an Arte of short, swift, and 
 secrete Writing by character, Lon., 1588, 24mo. 
 
 " In this very ingenious work Bright claims the invention of 
 the art. It is dedicated to Q. Elizabeth." 
 
 Abridgement of the Book of Acts and Monuments, Lon., 
 1589, 4to. 
 
 Brightland, John. Grammat. works, <fcc.,1711-14,etc. 
 
 Brightley, Chas., Printer. Method of Casting Stereo 
 type, as practised by the author, Bungay, Suffolk, 1809, 8vo. 
 
 Brightly, Frederick Charles, b. 1812, in Eng 
 land; emigrated to U.S. 1831; member Phila. Bar, 1839. 
 Treatise on Law of Costs, Svo. Nisi Prius Reports, 1851, 
 8vo. Equitable Jurisdiction of the Courts of Penna., 1855, 
 Svo. Edited Purdon's Digest of Laws of Penna., 8th ed., 
 1858, Svo; Binns's Justice, 6th ed., 1855, Svo. An Ana 
 lytical Digest of the Laws of the United States, from the 
 Adoption of the Constitution to the End of the XXXIV. 
 Congress, 1796-1857, Phila., 1858, Svo, 1142 pp. Highly 
 commended by Chief-Justice Taney. 
 
 Brightman, Thomas, 1557-1607, an English Puri 
 tan divine, was educated at Queen's College, Cambridge. 
 Apocalypsis Analysi et Scholiis, Ac., Franc., 1609, 4to; 
 trans, into English, Lon., 1644, fol. 
 
 " This work the Puritan divine persuaded himself and others 
 was written under the influence of divine inspiration." 
 
 He pub. a work on the Canticles, and on a portion of 
 the Book of Daniel in Latin, Basil, 1614, 8vo. His Ex 
 plication of the last and most difficult part of the prophet 
 Daniel was pub. in English, Lon., 1635, 1664, 4to. 
 
 "The great object of this Puritan's system of prophecy, both in 
 this work, and in his Revelation Revealed, is to prove that the Pope 
 is that antichrist whose reign is limited to 1290 days or years; and 
 who is then foredoomed by God to utter destruction." LOWNDES. 
 
 Predictions and Prophecies written 46 years since con 
 cerning the three Churches of Germanie, England, and 
 Scotland, 1641, 4to. 
 
 Brightwell, Richard, a name assumed by JOHN 
 FRITH. 
 
 Brimble, William. Poems, 1767, Svo. 
 
 Brimsmead, William, first minister of Marlborough, 
 Massachusetts. Election Sermons, 1681. 
 
 Brinckle, William Draper, A.M., M.D., b. 1798, 
 Kent co., Del.; grad. at Princeton, 1816 ; an eminent porno- 
 logist. 1. Remarks on Entomology, chiefly in reference to 
 Agricultural Benefit, Phila., 1852, Svo. 2. American Po- 
 mologist, Phila., 1853, 4to, coloured plates. This work 
 was never completed. Has contributed to various journals 
 many valuable papers on medical subjects and on pomology. 
 
 Brinckmair, L. Warnings of Germany, Lon., 1683. 
 
 Brindley, James, 1716-1772, a Civil Engineer of 
 remarkable genius. Reports relative to a Navigable Com 
 munication betwixt the Friths of Forth and Clyde ; with 
 Observations, Edin., 1768, 4to ; in conjunction with Thomas 
 Yeoman, F.R.S., and John Golborne. 
 
 Brine, John, 1703-1765, a Calvinist Baptist minister, 
 stationed at Cripplegate, London. His works comprise 
 7 vols. Svo. Treatise on Various Subjects, 1743, '56; new 
 edit., revised by James Upton, Lon., 1813, 8vo. A Vindi 
 cation of some truths of Natural and Revealed Religion, 
 in answer to James Foster, 1746, Svo. Certain Efficacy 
 Of the Death of Christ Asserted, 1743, Svo. 
 
 "Brine's Treatises are singularly excellent." RYLAND. 
 
 " He is a powerful writer, though some of his doctrinal state 
 ments, as it appears to the author, are pushed beyond what the 
 Scripture warrants." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Bringhurst, Isaac, D.D. Sermons, Lon., 1689, fol. 
 
 Bringhurst, J. Sermon, 1749, 4to. 
 
 Brinkley, John, 1763-1836, Bishop of Cloyne, gra 
 duated at Caius College, Cambridge, B.A., 1788. He was 
 eminent for his knowledge of mathematical science and 
 astronomy. Elements of Plane Astronomy, 1822, Svo; 
 the 6th edit, was edited with notes by the Rev. Dr. Luby. 
 
 " Admirable lectures on Astronomy." Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 The bishop contributed a number of mathematical pa 
 pers to Trans. Irish Society, 1800, and to Phil. Trans., 
 1807, '10. 
 
 Brinley, John. A Discovery of the Impostures of 
 Witches and Astrologers, Lon., 1680, Svo. Discourse prov 
 
 ing by Scripture and Reason that there are Witches, Lon., 
 1686, Svo. 
 
 Brinsley, John, 1600-1665, a Nonconformist divine, 
 nephew of the celebrated Bishop Hall, was admitted of 
 Emanuel College, Cambridge, at the age of thirteen and 
 a half. He pub. several theological and educational works, 
 1612-64. His Ludus Literarius, or the Grammar School, 
 Lon., 1612, 4to, was reprinted in 1627 with a preface by 
 his uncle, Bishop Hall. 
 
 " He appears to have been inflexible in the points which divided 
 so large a body of clergymen from the Church." 
 
 Brinsley, John, son of the former. Theolog. treatises, 
 Lon., 1651, '52, '55, Svo. 
 
 Brinsley, William. Discourses in 1667, Svo. 
 
 Brisbane, John, M.D. Select Cases in the Practice 
 of Medicine, Lon., 1762-72, Svo. Anatomy of Painting, 
 Lon., 1769, fol. In this work will be found the six Tables 
 of Albinus, the anatomy of Celsus, with notes, and the 
 Physiology of Cicero. 
 
 Brisbane, Maj. Gen. Sir Thomas. Mathemafc 
 Con. to Ed. Phil. Trans., 1817. 
 
 Brisman. Eng. and Swedish Lexicon, 1814, Svo. 
 
 Bristead, John. Theolog. treatises, 1743, '50, 4to. 
 
 Bristed, Charles Astor, b. city of N.York, 1820, son 
 of Rev. John Bristed, and grandson of John Jacob Astor, 
 founder of the Astor Library. After completing his studies 
 at Yale Coll., he entered the Univ. of Cambridge, Eng., where 
 he remained five years, and took the degree of B.A. at 
 Trinity Coll., 1845. 1. Selections from Catullus, 1849, re 
 vised and edited with additional notes. 2. Letter to the 
 Hon. Horace Mann ; being a Reply to Certain Attacks on 
 Stephen Girard and John Jacob Astor in a work entitled 
 "Thoughts for a Young Man." 3. The Upper Ten Thou 
 sand, New York, 1852, 12mo. 4. Five Years in an Eng 
 lish University, New York, 1852, 2 vols. 12mo; 2d edit., 
 1852, condensed into 1 vol. by the omission of certain Uni 
 versity Examination Exercises. The American public are 
 debtors to Mr. Bristed for the valuable information drawn 
 from his own experience in an English university. In a 
 country like America whilst we make our boast of "a mob 
 of gentlemen who write with ease" ripe classical scholar 
 ship is too apt to be undervalued. 
 
 Bristed, Ezekiel. Sermon, 1715, Svo. 
 
 Bristed, Rev. John, 1778-1855, b. Dorsetshire, Eng., 
 son of a clergyman of the Established Church, and father 
 of C. A. Bristed, (ante.} Educated at Winchester Coll. 
 and studied Medicine at Edinburgh. For two years a pupil 
 in the law-office of the celebrated Mr. Chitty. In 1820 he 
 became Rectoj of St. Michael's Church, Bristol, R.I., 
 having succeeded Bishop Griswold. A Pedestrian Tour 
 through part of the Highlands of Scotland in 1801, Lon., 
 
 1804, 2 vols. Svo. Grit, and Philosoph. Essays, 1804, 12mo. 
 The System of the Society of Friends Examined, Lon., 
 
 1805, Svo. Edward and Anna, or A Picture of Human 
 Life; a Novel, 1805, 2 vols. 12mo. The Resources of the 
 United States of America, <fcc., New York, 1818, Svo; re 
 printed in London under the title of America and her Re 
 sources, &c., 1818, Svo. 
 
 " Mr. Bristed's ' eight years' have, we fear, been spent to very 
 little purpose, if they have not been more profitable to himself 
 than his ' voluminous masses of materials relating to our Federa 
 tive Republic,' are likely to be to the world. He has certainly, 
 however, improved, both in style and matter, since we made our 
 first acquaintance with him as an author, which it was our fortune 
 to do some years since, in the character of a pedestrian traveller 
 into the Highlands of Scotland. . . . We conclude with declaring, 
 that however valuable a citizen may have been acquired in Mr. 
 Bristed, and however zealous he may be for the interest of his 
 adopted country, it is our sincere hope, that this, his intellectual 
 offspring, may always be considered alien from our literary com 
 munity." North American Review, vii. 1818. 
 
 " We cannot avoid regarding Mr. Bristed with some degree of 
 respect. His struggles are evident. In writing his book, his 
 pride in his native country, which all his republicanism has been 
 unable to overcome, has frequently had to contend with the flat 
 tering but unsubstantial prospect with which the prophetic folly 
 that ever accompanies democracy has impressed his mind to a de 
 gree almost equalling that of the vain people with whom he ia 
 domiciled," Ac. Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 Thoughts on the Anglican and Anglo- Amer. Churches; 
 being a Reply to Mr. Wilks's Work on Correlative Claims 
 and Duties, New York and London. See Eclectic Review 
 for January, 1823. 
 
 Bristol, John, Bishop of. See THORNBOROUGH. 
 
 Bristol, Earls of. See DIGBY, GEORGE, JOHN. 
 
 Briston, Mrs. A. Trans, of the Maniac; and Poems, 
 original and trans., 1810, 12mo. 
 
 Bristow, J. A. A New Song to an Old Tune, 1811. 
 
 Bristow, James. Narr. of his Sufferings in Cap 
 tivity in India for Ten Years, Lon., 1793, Svo. 
 
 247 
 
BRI 
 
 BRO 
 
 Bristow, J. C. Poet. Works, Lon., 1850, 5 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 Bristow, Richard, 1538-1581, a noted advocate of 
 the Church of Rome, was entered of Christ Church Col 
 lege, Oxford, in 1555; B.A., 1559; M.A., 1562; Fellow of 
 Exeter College, 1567. Dr. Allen made him the first mo 
 derator in the English College founded by him at Douay, 
 and Bristow was the first member of that college who be- 
 came'a priest. A Brief Treatise, <fcc. ; or, Motives unto the 
 Catholic Faith, Antwerp, 1574, 16mo; trans, into Latin, 
 Douay, 1608, 4to. 
 
 "The said book contains, with great perspicuity, order, and art, 
 divers most excellent works, whereby to discern in religion the 
 true judgment of the Catholic Church from the false vanity of the 
 heretics, &c.: it is also in all points catholic, learned, and worthy 
 to be read and printed." D. W. ALLEN. 
 
 This work led to a controversy with Dr. Will. Fulke, of 
 Cambridge, and several books were published. Tubula, 
 Ac. St. Thomse Aquinatis, 1579. Fifty-one Demands to 
 be proposed by Catholics to Hereticks, Lon., 1592, 4to. 
 He was concerned in the trans, of the Old and New Testa 
 ment pub. at Rheims, and wrote many of the commen 
 taries in the latter. See ALAN, WILLIAM. Veritates Aureae 
 S. R. Ecclesiae Autoritabus vet. Patrum, &c., 1616. 
 
 Bristow, W. Corporation Acts, Lon., 1789, 8vo. 
 
 Bristow, Whitsen. Poems, Lon., 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Britain, Jonathan. His life, written by himself, 
 1772, 8vo. 
 
 Britaine, William de. The Dutch Usurpation, and 
 their Behaviour to the Kings of Great Britain, Lon., 1672, 
 4to; reprinted in Harleian Miscellany, vol. iii. The In 
 terest of England in the Present War with Holland, Lon., 
 1672, 4to. On Human Prudence; or, The Way by which a 
 Man may raise himself to Fortune and Grandeur, Lon., 
 1693, 1702, 8vo; 1710, 12mo. 
 
 Brittle, Miss Emily. The Indian Guide; or, A 
 Journal of a Voyage to the East Indies in the Year 1780; 
 in a Poetical Epistle to her mother, Calcutta, 1785, 8vo. 
 
 Britton, John, 1771-1857, born at Kingston St. 
 Michael, near Chippenham, Wiltshire, one of the most 
 eminent antiquaries of modern times, commenced author 
 ship in an humble way by compiling some street-song 
 books, and an account of the (1.) Surprising Adventures of 
 Pizarro. Some short notices prepared for the Sporting 
 Magazine made him acquainted with Mr. Wheble, its pub 
 lisher ; and to the connexion thus formed Mr. Britton owed 
 his introduction into the career which he so long and ho 
 nourably pursued. 2. Voyages of Columbus and Cortes, 
 Lon., 1799, 8vo. 3. Beauties of Wiltshire, Lon., 1801, 2 
 vols. 8vo: vol. iii., 1825. 4. The Architectural Antiquities 
 of Great Britain, Lon., 1805-26, 5 vols. 4to. 
 
 " This is a truly splendid and interesting production,-*-scientific 
 enough to excite professional attention, and sufficiently picturesque 
 and diversified to afford an ample treat to the general reader. It does 
 high credit to the taste and industry of the indefatigable author, 
 and is a real honour to the country." New Annual Register, 1815. 
 
 5. The Cathedral Antiquities of Great Britain, 1814-32, 
 311 engravings, 6 vols. 4to, 33; large paper, 55. 
 
 "The task which Browne Willis left imperfect has been under 
 taken by Mr. Britton, who has contributed more than any other 
 person to the illustration of our architectural antiquities." Lon. 
 Quarterly Review, Sept. 1826. 
 
 6. Picturesque Antiquities of English Cities, 1830, r. 4to. 
 T. Union of Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting, 1827, 
 r. fol. 8. Fine Arts of the English School, 1812. 9. A 
 Dictionary of the Architecture and Archaeology of the 
 Middle Ages, 1830-38, r. 8vo, imp. 4to. 10. An Historical 
 and Architectural Essay relating to Redcliffe Church, 
 Bristed, 1813, 4to. 11. Fonthill Abbey, 1823. 12. Public 
 Buildings of London, from drawings by A. Pugin, 1828- 
 33, 2 vols. r. 8vo. 13. Historical Notices of Windsor Castle, 
 1842. 14. Memoir of John Aubrey, 1845. 15. The Author 
 ships of the Letters of Junius Elucidated, 1848. 
 
 We regret that we have not space for the enumeration 
 of Mr. B.'s other praiseworthy publications, 87 in all. See 
 a Brief Memoir of his Life and Writings in the 3d vol. of 
 the Beauties of Wiltshire, and Autobiography, 1849, '50, 
 2 vols. r. 8vo and 4to. 
 . " We are persuaded that to him, more than to any other indi 
 vidual, we are indebted for a rapidly progressive improvement in 
 the pictorial delineations of our architectural antiquities." ion, 
 Gent. Mag., April, 1816. 
 
 " Mr. Britton stands conspicuous among the labourers on the 
 more liberal and pleasing traits of antiquarianism. He has long 
 been contributing largely to the gratification of a rational taste 
 for what may be called the monuments of past ages." Edecti 
 Review, May, 1816. 
 
 " Mr. Britton's life is one of usefulness, an example to the i 
 dustrious, a stimulus to the young, in every rank of society, wh 
 may be ambitious to tread the paths of literature with honour to 
 themselves and benefit to the public." ion. Lit. Gazette, Oct. 1825 
 
 "Mr Britton is not a man of marked originality or great mental 
 power; but, as a careful and diligent writer in a branch of litera- 
 P 248 
 
 .ure which had been cultivated chiefly by minute antiquarians, he 
 did excellent service in calling the attention of the educated public 
 Q the long-neglected topographical and architectural antiquities 
 jf England: there can be little doubt that his elegantly-illustrated 
 works have been a chief exciting cause in bringing about the im 
 proved state of public feeling with reference to our national anti 
 quities." Knight's Eng. Cyc., Div. Bwg., vol. i., q. v. 
 See BRAYLEY, EDWARD WEDLAKE. 
 Britton, Nich. Bowre of Delights, Lon., 1597, 4to; 
 doubtless the same as NICH. BRETON, (q. v.) 
 
 Britton, Thomas Hopkins. Horse Sacramentales: 
 The Sacramental Articles of the Church of England vin 
 dicated from Recent Misrepresentations, <fec. 
 
 "A very elaborate and learned work, detailing sentiments of th 
 Reformers in opposition to the views of Mr. Gorharn." English 
 Review. 
 
 Broackes, William. Constipation treated Homeo- 
 pathically, Lon., 12mo. Cutaneous Diseases treated Ho 
 meopathic ally, 12mo. Observations on Homeopathic Doc 
 trines, 12mo. 
 
 Broad, orBrodseus, Thomas, 1577-1639, an Eng 
 lish divine. A Touchstone for a Christian, 1618, 12mo. 
 On the Sabbath, 1621, '27, 4to. 
 
 Broadbent. Domestick Coffe Man, Lon., 1720, 4to. 
 Broadbent, William. Sermons, 1816, 12mo. 
 Broadhurst, Edward. Sermons, 1733, 8vo. 
 Broadhurst, Rev. Thomas. Address on Defence 
 of Country, 1803. To Young Ladies on the Improvement 
 of their Mind, 1808, 12mo; 2d edit., 1813. Funeral Ora 
 tions on Military Men; from the Greek, 1812, 8vo. Sub 
 stance of a Speech against the Proposed Alteration in the 
 Corn-Laws, 1814, 8vo. 
 
 Broadley, John. Pandora's Box, 1801, 8vo. 
 Broadley, Robert. Lectures on the Services, Creeds, 
 and Offices of the Church of England, Lon., 1836, 8vo. 
 Broadley, Thomas. Religion of Moses, 1805, 8vo. 
 Brocardus, Francis. His Alcoran against Popish 
 Plots and Conspiracies, Lon., 1679, 4to. 
 
 Brocas, J. Calvinism Unmasked, 1812, 8vo. 
 Brock, Irving. Patriots and Whigs the most dan 
 gerous Enemies of the State, 1810, Svo. Bernier's Travels 
 in the Mogul Empire; from the French, Lon., 1826, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 " A good translation of this excellent old traveller." Lon. Quar. 
 Review. 
 
 Brock, Thomas. The Importance of Religion to 
 the Military Life, 1801, 4to. Infancy; a Poem, 18i6, Svo. 
 Brock, Thomas. An affectionate address to the 
 members of the Church of England, in which the most 
 popular arguments for separation are considered and re 
 futed, Guernsey, 1826, Svo. 
 
 " A truly pious and excellent address in favour of the Church 
 of England." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Brockedon, W., 1787-1854. Excursions in the Alps, 
 1845, Svo, Views in Italy, 1842-44, imp. 4to, 5 10s. 
 " A work of equal interest and beauty." Lon. Athenseum. ty.v 
 " We gladly welcome it as an able specimen of what can be done 
 in England by the draughtsman and the engraver." Lon. Lit. Gaz. 
 Road-Book from London to Naples, 1S35, Svo. 
 "One of the most useful, compact, and elegant works of the kind 
 that we have seen." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 Passes of the Alps, illustrated by 119 superb engravings, 
 1828, 2 vols. 4to; largest paper, India Proofs and Etchings, 
 pub. at 63 ; 6 copies printed. 
 
 "One of the most valuable and interesting works of modern 
 times. We have no hesitation in stating that a volume of more 
 uniform excellence has never been published in England." Brit. 
 Magazine. 
 
 " Much information will be obtained from Mr. Brockedon's most 
 beautiful work on the Passes of the Alps." Dis. on the Passage of 
 Hannibal over the Alps, by H. L. Wickftam, A.M., and the Rev. S. A. 
 Cramer, A.M., Oxford. 
 
 Brockett, John Trotter, 1788-1842, an antiquary 
 of some note, and the owner of a very curious library and 
 a valuable collection of coins and medals. His coins and 
 medals, sold June, 1823, produced nearly 2000. His li 
 brary, sold December, 1823, produced upwards of 4000. 
 Selecta Numismata Aurea Imperatorum Romanorum ex 
 Museo J. T. Brockett, Nov. Cast., 1822; 32 copies Svo 
 and 2 cr. 4to. Glossary of North-Country Words, New 
 castle, 1825, cr. Svo; 2d edit., 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 Brocklesby, or Brockwell, Charles. Church 
 Hist, of Gr. Britain, Lon., 1718, Svo. Hist, of Portugal, 
 Brazil, &c., 17?6, Svo. 
 
 Brocklesby, John, b. 1811, Eng; came to U.S. 
 1820; grad. at Yale Coll., 1835; Prof. Math. Ac. Trinity 
 Coll., Hartford, 1842-58. 1. Elements of Meteorology; 
 15th ed., 1858, 12mo. Highly recommended by Denison 
 Olmsted, LL.D., J. L. Comstock, M.D., Benj. Sillunan, 
 LL.D., and others. Republished in England and Scotland. 
 2. Views of the Microscopic World, 12mo. 3. Elements of 
 Astronomy, 12mo. 4. Common-School Astronomy. 
 
BRO 
 
 BRO 
 
 Brocklesby, Richard. An Explication of the Gos 
 pel-theism, and the Divinity of the Christian Religion, 
 Lon., 1796, fol. 
 
 " A learned and curious work." LOWNDES. 
 
 Brocklesby, Richard, M.D., 1722-1797, the gene 
 rous friend of SamuelJohnson and Edmund Burke, deserves 
 ever to be held in honoured remembrance. Some of his 
 profess, essays will be found in Phil. Trans. Abr., 1747, '55, 
 and in Med. Obs. and Inq., 1767. He pub. an Essay con 
 cerning the Mortality of the Horned Cattle, Lon., 1746, 
 8vo. Economical and Med. Observations, 1764, 8vo, and 
 some other works. 
 
 " As an instance of extraordinary liberality, Johnson told us 
 that Dr. Brocklesby had upon this occasion [his contemplated 
 journey to Italy, for the restoration of his health] offered him a 
 hundred [pounds] a year for his life. A grateful tear started into 
 his eye, as he spoke this in a faltering tone." BOSWELL. 
 
 He also urged Dr. Johnson to live with him, that ho 
 might have him continually under his care. 
 
 " My physician in ordinary is Dr. Brocklesby, who comes almost 
 every day." Johnson to Mrs. Thrale, London, Oct. 6, 1783. 
 
 " The kind attention which you have so long shown to my 
 health and happiness makes it as much a debt of gratitude as a 
 call of interest to give you an account of what befalls me, when 
 accident removes me from your immediate care. . . . You write 
 to me with a zeal that animates, and a tenderness that melts, me." 
 Johnson to Brocklesby, a few months before Johnson's death. 
 
 This benevolent man had placed Edmund Burke's name 
 in his will for 1000, but considering that Burke might 
 die first, (which he did by five months,) he insisted upon 
 presenting him with the money, which he did in the most 
 handsome manner. 
 
 " That you may long live, for talent an ornament to human 
 kind, and for your country, your friends, and family, the same 
 happy man in prosperity, as you have ever approved yourself 
 whilst withdrawn from the sunshine of a court this, with much 
 more, (if any thing can be better,) is the fervent wish of; 
 
 My dear Burke, 
 Your sincere and ever affectionate humble servant, 
 
 London, July 2, 1788. RICHARD BROCKLESBY." 
 
 Brockwell, Charles. See BROCKLESBY. 
 
 Brockwell, Joseph. Exps. of the Lord's Prayer,1784. 
 
 Brocq, Philip lie. See LEBROCK. 
 
 Brodbelt, F.R., M.D. Con. to Mem. Med., 1799, 1805. 
 
 Brodbelt, G. C. Sermons, 1799, Svo. 
 
 Broderick, Miss. Cumberland Cottage; a Tale, 
 1813, 3 vols. 12rno. 
 
 Broderick, Sir John. Vindication from Aspersion, 
 1690, 4to. 
 
 Broderip, William John, b. at Bristol, and was 
 called to the bar in 1817; a distinguished popular natu 
 ralist; Fellow Linnsean Soc., 1824; Geol. Soc., 1825, 
 Roy. Soc., 1828 ; one of the originators of the Zoological 
 Society, and its Vice-President. He was one of the princi 
 pal contributors to the Penny Cyclopedia, and is the author 
 of the chief portion of the Zoology of Knight's English 
 Cyclopedia. After editing a legal work on Sewers, he pub., 
 in connection with P. Bingham, Reports in the C. Pleas, 
 1819-22, 3 vols. r. Svo: a continuation of Taunton's Re 
 ports: further continued by Mr. Bingham. 1. Zoological 
 Recreations, Lon., 1847; 3d ed., 1857, p. Svo. 
 
 " We believe we do not exaggerate in saying that, since the pub 
 lication of White's Natural History of Selborne, and of the Intro 
 duction to Entomology, by Kirby aud Spence, no work in our lan 
 guage is better calculated than the Zoological Recreations to fulfil 
 the avowed aim of its author, to furnish a hand-book which may 
 cherish or awaken a love for natural history." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 2. Leaves from, the Note-Book of a Naturalist. 1851 
 p, Svo. 
 
 Brodhead, John Romeyn, son of the Rev. Jacob 
 Brodhead, D.D., was born in Philadelphia in 1814 ; gradu 
 ated at Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J., 1831. In 
 1839 he was attached to the U. S. Legation at the Hague, 
 and in 1841 acted as agent of the State of New York 
 to procure Historical Documents in Europe. In 1846 was 
 appointed Secretary of Legation at London under Mr. 
 Bancroft as minister; and in 1853 became Naval Officer 
 of the Port of New York. 1. An Address delivered before 
 the N. Y. Historical Society, 1844. 2. Report as Historical 
 Agent of the State of N. York, 1845. 3. History of the 
 State of N. York. First period, 8vo, 1853. 4. Address 
 before the Clinton Hall Association, N. Y., 1854, Ac. 
 
 Brodie, Alexander. History of the Roman Govern 
 ment, Lon., 1810, '14, 8vo. Diary of A. Brodie, Edin., 
 1740, Svo. 
 
 Brodie, Sir Benjamin Collins, Bart., b. 1783, 
 serjeant-surgeon to Queen Victoria, which post he held 
 under William IV. and George IV., was a student of Sir 
 Everard Home. His profession is said to produce him 
 10,000 per annum. 1. Account of the Dissection of the 
 Human Foetus, in which the circulation of the blood is 
 carried on without a heart; Phil. Trans., 1809. 2. Physio 
 
 logical Researches respecting the influence of the Brain 
 on the action of the Heart and on the generation of ani 
 mal heat; Phil. Trans., 1811. 3. Experiments and Obser 
 vations on the different modes in which Death is produced 
 by certain Vegetable Poisons ; Phil. Trans., 1811. These 
 papers were republished with Notes, Lon., 1831. 4. Ex 
 periments and Observations on the Influence of the Nerves 
 of the Eighth Pair on the Secretions of the Stomach; Phil. 
 Trans., 1814. 5. Local Nervous Affections, 1837, Svo. 
 6. Lectures illustrative of Various Subjects in Pathology 
 and Surgery, 1846, Svo. 
 
 " We attach a very high value to these Lectures. Their style is 
 clear, demonstrative, and unaffected, decided, and energetic, but 
 altogether free from dogmatism or over-confidence. They are 
 strictly practical ; and much of the information which they con 
 tain will assuredly do the reader and his patients good service in 
 time of need." Medical Gazette. 
 
 7. Pathological and Surgical Observations on Diseases 
 of the Joints, 1818, Svo; 5th ed., 1850. Several editions 
 of this valuable work have been published in the U.S. 
 8. Lectures on the Diseases of the Urinary Organs, 1832, 
 Svo; 4th ed., 1849. Republished in U.S. 9. Psychological 
 Inquiries, 1854, 12mo; 3d ed., 1856. 
 
 Brodie, George. History of the British Empire, 
 from the Accession of Charles I. to the Restoration, 4 vols. 
 Svo, 1822. Mr. Brodie brings grave charges against 
 Hume's History. 
 
 " It is not well written in point of style, and the author must 
 be considered as a writer on the popular side, but he is a man of 
 research and independence of mind. It is a work of weight and 
 learning, and it appears to me forever to have damaged, and most 
 materially damaged, the character of Mr. Hume as an accurate 
 historian. . . . Mr. Brodie is a searcher into original records." 
 Prof. Smyth's Lectures on Modern History. 
 
 Brodie, James. Medical Con. to Phil. Trans., 1697. 
 
 Brodie, W. D. Reply to Calumnies, 1812. 
 
 Brodrick, Thomas. Historia Sacra, Lon., 1705, 
 Svo. Hist, of the late War in the Netherlands, Lon., 
 1713, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Brodum, William, M.D. Guide to Old Age, 2 vols. 
 
 Brogden, James, of Trinity College, Cambridge. 
 Catholic Safeguards against Popery, 3 vols. Svo, Lon., 1846. 
 
 " A more ample treasury is now placed within the reach of the 
 clergy by Mr. Brogden's useful and well-timed publication, Catho 
 lic Safeguards, which contain a selection of the ablest discourses 
 on the errors of the Church of Rome, chosen from the works of 
 our eminent divines who lived during the 17th century." Bishop 
 of London's Charge. 
 
 " A most valuable repository of the ancient armour of the 
 Church of England for the conflict with Rome." Archdeacon Har 
 rison's Charge. 
 
 Illustrations of the Liturgy and Ritual of the United 
 Church of England and Ireland, 3 vols. p, Svo, Lon., 1842. 
 
 "I may be permitted to recommend a selection from the works 
 of the great divines of the 17th century, by the Rev. James Brog 
 den, as a most valuable addition to every parochial clergyman's,and, 
 indeed, to every churchman's, library." Bishop of Exeter's Charge. 
 
 " Mr. Brogden's useful Collection of Discourses on the Liturgy 
 and Ritual of the Church." Bishop of London's Charge. 
 
 ' " I take this opportunity of recommending it to a place in every 
 churchman's library." Archdeacon Thorpe's Charge. 
 
 Brograve, Sir John. Statute on Jointures, 1648. 
 
 Brograve, Robert. A Sermon, 1689, 4to. 
 
 Brohier, J. H. English and French Cambist, 1818. 
 
 Broke, or Brooke, Arthur. The Tragicall Historye 
 of Romeus and Juliet, written first in Italian by Bandell, 
 nowe in Englishe by Ar [thur] Br [oke], Lon., by Richard 
 Tottill, 1562, 4to. Agreemente of sondry Places of Scrip 
 ture, seeming in shew to iarre, serwing in stead of Com- 
 mentaryes not only for these, but others lyke. Trans, out 
 of French, and now fyrst publyshed by Arthur Broke, 
 Lon., 1563, Svo. Tuberville gives us 
 
 " An Epitaph on the death of maister Arthur Brooke, drowned 
 in passing to Newhaven," 
 printed with his Songs and Sonets, 1567. 
 
 Broke, John Gardener. His Confession of the 
 Christian Faith. Trans, out of French, Lon., 1573, '83, Svo. 
 
 Broke, Sir Robert. See BROOKE. 
 
 Broke, Thomas. See BROOKE. 
 
 Brokesby, Francis, 1637-1715, Fellow of Trinity 
 College, Cambridge; then Rector of Rowley; became a 
 Nonjuror. Of Education, 1710, Svo. A Life of Christ. 
 A Letter to Hearne, Oxf., 1711, Svo. Church History, 
 1712, Svo. Life of Dodwell, 1715, 2 vols. Svo. He also 
 assisted Nelson in the compilation of his Companion to 
 the Festivals and Fasts. 
 
 Broket, John. Sermon, Lon., 1642, 4to. 
 
 Brokis, James, D.D. Sermon, Lon., 1553, Svo. 
 
 Bromby, J. H. Visitation Sermon, 1809, 4to. 
 
 Brome, Alexander, 1620-1666, an attorney in Lord 
 Mayor's Court, and a poet; contributed not a little to the 
 promotion of the Restoration by the severity and ridicule 
 witt which he treated the Roundheads in the day of their 
 
 249 
 
BRO 
 
 BRO 
 
 power. The Cunning Lovers; a Comedy, Lon., 1654, 4to. 
 Fancy's Festivals, 1657, 4to. A Congratulatory Poem on 
 the Miraculous and Glorious Return of Charles II., 1660, 
 fol. Trans, of Horace, by Himself, Fanshaw, Holliday, 
 Hawkins, Cowley, Ben Jonson, &c. It seems he had 
 designed to translate Lucretius. He pub. 2 vols. of 
 Richard Brome's plays. Isaac Walton commends Brome 
 highly. 
 
 Brome, Edmund, Fellow of St. John's College, 
 Cambridge. Sermons, 1709-12. 
 
 Brome, James. Sermons, 1678-1707. 
 
 Brome, James. Travels over Scotland, England, 
 and Wales, Lon., 1700, '07, '26, 8vo. Travels through 
 Portugal, Spain, and Italy, 1712, 8vo. 
 
 Brome, Richard, d. 1652, originally a menial ser 
 vant of Ben Jonson, wrote himself into high repute. The 
 Biog. Dramat. enumerates fifteen plays of his, besides 
 several others which are ascribed to him. Of these the 
 best known are The Northern Lass, 1632, 4to. The Anti 
 podes, 1640, 4to. The Jovial Crew, 1652, 4to. The City 
 Wit, 1653, 8vo. The Court Beggar, 1653, 8vo. Jonson 
 compliments Brome on the Northern Lass. Two volumes 
 containing his Ten New Plays were pub. 1653-59. La- 
 chrymae Musarum, Lon., 1650, 8vo. 
 
 " Brome, in imitation of his master, laid it down as his first great 
 point, to apply closely to the study of men and manners." Biog. 
 Dramat. 
 
 Brome, William. Indices quinque ad Thesaurum 
 Ling. Sept. Hickesii, Oxon.,1705. 
 
 Bromehead, Joseph. Public Infirmaries, 1772. 
 
 Bromesgrove, Samuel. Sermon, 1704, 4to. 
 
 Bromfield,William. Theol. treatises, Lon., 1725, '26. 
 
 Brom field, Sir William, 1712-1792, surgeon to Geo. 
 III., pub. a treatise on Inoculation for the Small-Pox, 1767, 
 8vo. Chirurgical Cases and Observations, 1773, 2 vols. 8vo, 
 and some other profess, essays. Some of his papers will 
 be found in Med. Obs. and Inq., and Phil. Trans. 
 
 Bromhall, Thomas. Treatise of Spirits; or, an 
 History of Apparitions, Oracles, Prophecies, and Predic 
 tions, with Dreams, Visions, and Revelations, Lon.,1658,fol. 
 
 Bromhead, E. F. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1816. 
 
 Bromley, Eliza. Cave of Consenza; a Romance 
 from the Italian, 1803, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Bromley, Sir George. Miscellanea Anglia, a Col 
 lection of original Royal Letters, written by K. Charles I. 
 and K. James II., and the King and Queen of Bohemia, 
 Ac., Lon., 1787, 8vo. 
 
 " A valuable collection." LOWNDES. 
 
 Bromley, Henry. Catalogue of Engraved British 
 Portraits, from Egbert the Great to the present Time, with 
 an Appendix, containing the Portraits of such Foreigners 
 as either by Alliance with the Royal Family of, or Resi 
 dence as visitors in, this Kingdom may claim a place in the 
 British Series. Interspersed with Notices, Biographical, 
 and Genealogical, never before published, Lon., 1793, 4to. 
 Two Addresses on the Deplorable State of the Indians, 
 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Bromley, John, d. 1717, a schoolmaster, is said to 
 have had Alexander Pope for one of his pupils. Trans, 
 of the Catechism of the Council of Trent, Lon., 1687, 8vo. 
 
 Bromley, Robert Anthony, d. 1806. Sermons, 
 1770-90. A Philosophical and Critical History of the Fine 
 Arts, Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture, in 4 parts, 
 Lon., 1793-95, 4to, 2 vols. 
 
 Bromley, Thomas. Sabbath of Rest, Lon., 1710, 8vo. 
 
 Bromley, Walter. Military treatises, Lon., 1812. 
 
 Bromley, William, Speaker of the House of Com 
 mons in 1710. Several years' Travels through Portugal, 
 Spain, Italy, <fec., Lon., 1702, 8vo. Remarks on the Grand 
 Tour of France and Italy, Lon., 1692, 1705, 8vo. 
 
 " The first edition of Mr. Bromley's Grand Tour was published 
 In 1692, and is said to have been withdrawn soon after, in conse 
 quence of a change in his politics. The second edition was pub 
 lished, without permission, by one of the Wbi" party upon an 
 occasion when it was most likely to prove a source of annoyance; 
 with the addition of a Table of Contents, turning the author's ob 
 servations into ridicule." HENRY G. BOHN, editor of Bibliotheca 
 Parriana, 1827; vide p. 702. 
 
 Brompton, John, a Cistercian monk, and Abbot of 
 Jorevall or Jerevall, in Richmondshire. The Chronicon to 
 which his name is attached extends from 588 to the death 
 of Richard I., 1198. It is printed in Decem Script. Hist 
 AngUse, Lon., 1652, fol. 
 
 "It is not indeed likely that this history was written by 
 any member of the Abbey of Joreval, since it takes no notice 
 of the foundation of that monastery, Ac., but only procured 
 by Abbot Brompton, and by him bestowed on his monastery" 
 See Selden in Vitis X. Script.; Tanner; Nicolson's English His 
 torical Library. 
 Bromwich. Sermon, 1770, 8vo. 
 
 Bromwich, Bryan J'Anson. The Experienced 
 Bee-Keeper: an Essay on the Management of Bees, 1783, 
 8vo. A Poem, 1796. Church of Rome, 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Bronsted, P. O. Essay on the Bronzes of Siris in 
 the British Museum, Lon., fol. 
 
 Bronte, Charlotte, (Mrs. Nicholls,) born 1824, 
 daughter of Rev. Patrick Bronte", curate of Haworth, in 
 Yorkshire; married Rev. Arthur Bell Nicholls, her father's 
 curate, in 1854, and died in 1855. She and her two sisters 
 have become widely known to fame under the assumed 
 names of Currer, Acton, and Ellis Bell. 
 
 " Averse to personal publicity, we veiled our names under those 
 of Currer, Acton, and Ellis Bell, the ambiguous choice being dic 
 tated by a sort of conscientious scruple at assuming Christian 
 names positively masculine, while we did not like to declare our 
 selves women, because without at that time suspecting that our 
 mode of writing and thinking was not what is called 'feminine' 
 we had a vague impression that authoresses are likely to be 
 looked on with prejudice; we had noticed how critics sometimes 
 use for their chastisement the weapon of personality, and for their 
 reward a flattery which is not true praise." Biographical notice 
 by Currer BM, i.e. Charlotte Bronte. 
 
 Anne (Acton Bell) died in 1848. Emily (Ellis Bell) 
 died 1849. Charlotte was more successful as an authoress 
 than her sisters. Few novels have gained such immediate 
 popularity as was accorded to Jane Eyre. We append some 
 notices of several of the works of the literary sisterhood. 
 
 Jane Eyre : an Autobiography, Lon., 1848, 3 vols. p. 8vo, 
 by Currer Bell, [Charlotte Bronte.] 
 
 " Almost all that we require in a novelist the writer has, per 
 ception of character and knowledge of delineating it, picturesque- 
 ness, passion, and knowledge of life. Reality deep, significant 
 reality is the characteristic of this book." Fraser's Magazine. 
 
 " The popularity of Jane Eyre was doubtless due in part to the 
 freshness, raciuess, and vigour of mind it evinced; but it was ob 
 tained not so much by these qualities as by frequent dealings in 
 moral paradox and by the hardihood of its assaults upon the pre 
 judices of proper people." E. P. WHIFFLE : JV. Amer. Rev., Ixvii. 357. 
 
 Shirley; a Tale, by Currer Bell, 1849, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 "There is great ability in this work: it is full of eloquence. The 
 descriptive passages have seldom been surpassed in beauty and 
 picturesqueness. The presence of a searching power and a lofty 
 genius is visible." Bentky's Miscellany. 
 
 Wuthering Heights, by Acton Bell, 1847. 
 
 " We strongly recommend it to all our readers, for we can promise 
 them they never read any thing like it before." DOUGLAS JERROLD. 
 
 " Jt reminds us of the ' Nowlaus' by Banim. It is a colossal per 
 formance." Lon. Atlas. 
 
 "A work of very great talent." Lon. Examiner. 
 
 " As the characters of the tale are unattractive, so the chief in 
 cidents are sadly wanting in probability. They are devoid of truth 
 fulness, are not in harmony with the actual world, and have, there 
 fore, but little more power to move our sympathies than the ro 
 mances of the Middle Ages, or the ghost-stories which made our 
 grand-dames tremble." Lon. Eclectic Review. 
 
 The Tenant of Wildfeld Hall, by Acton Bell, 3 vols. 
 p. 8vo. 
 
 " We give our honest recommendation of Wildfeld Hall as the 
 most interesting novel we have read for a month past." Lon. 
 Atlienseum. 
 
 " A story of intense interest. All is plainly simple, but all so 
 beautifully, so exquisitely natural, so true to the feelings of the 
 heart, that the attention of the reader is fixed and absorbed." 
 Naval and Military Gaz. 
 
 "The Tenant of Wildfeld Hall is altogether a less pleasant story 
 than its immediate predecessor, though it resembles it in the ex 
 cessive clumsiness with which the plot is arranged and the promi 
 nence given to the brutal element of human nature." E. P. 
 WUIPPLE: N. American Review, Ixvii. 359. 
 
 Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell, 1846. 
 
 "Remarkable as being the first efforts of undoubted geniua to 
 find some congenial form of expression. They are not common 
 verses, but show many of the vigorous qualities in the prose works 
 of the same writers. The love of nature which characterizes Currer 
 Bell's prose works pervades the whole of the present volume." 
 Lon. Christian Remembrancer. 
 
 Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey, by Ellis and Acton 
 Bell, with a Selection of their Literary Remains, and a 
 Biographical Notice of both Authors, by Currer Bell, 1850, 
 3 vols. p. 8vo. Life of Charlotte Bronte", by Mrs. Gaskell, 
 1857, 2 vols. p. 8vo; N.Y., 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " The story of a woman's life, unfolded in this book, is calculated 
 to make the old feel young and the young old. ... By all this 
 book will be read with interest. . . . Mrs. Gaskell has produced 
 one of the best biographies of a woman by a woman which we 
 can recall to mind." Lon. Athenseum, No. 1536. 
 
 In consequence of alleged misstatements (some, at least, 
 of which were acknowledged) in this work, portions of it 
 were suppressed in subsequent editions. 
 
 Bronte, Rev. Patrick, father of Currer, Acton, 
 and Ellis Bell. Cottage Poems, 1811, 8vo. 
 
 " The author has written not only for the good of the pious, but 
 for the good of those who are not so; and he hopes his poems will 
 be rendered useful to some poor soul who cares little about critical 
 matters." 
 
 The Rural Minstrel: a Miscellany of Descriptive Poems, 
 1814, 12mo. See Colburn's Diet, of Living Authors. 
 
BRO 
 
 BRO 
 
 Brontins. Loyalty Asserted, 1681, 8vo. 
 
 Brook, Abraham. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1782; on 
 Electricity, the Air Pump, the Barometer, <fcc. 
 
 Brook, Benjamin. Lives of the Puritans, Lon., 
 1813, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " This works forms a comprehensive appendage to Real's His 
 tory of the Puritans, and Palmer's Nonconformist's Memorial." 
 
 "This work is remarkable for extensive research, poverty of dic 
 tion, zeal in the canse of Dissent, and unceremonious reflections 
 upon Churchmen." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 A History of Religious Liberty, 1821, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Brook, Jonathan. A Collection of Moral Sentences, 
 from Ancient and Modern Writers, Brist., 1770, 8vo. 
 
 Brookbank, or Brooksbank, Joseph, b. 1612, 
 educated at Brasenose College, Oxford. The Well-Tuned 
 Organ ; on Music, Lon., 1660, fol. A Breviate of Lilly's 
 Grammar, 1660, 8vo. Rebels Tried and Cast, 1661, 12mo; 
 being 3 Sermons on Rom. xiii. 2. 
 
 Brooke, Major. Short Addresses to the Children 
 of the Sunday School, on Texts of Scripture, 1791, 12mo. 
 
 Brooke, Arthur. See BROKE. 
 
 Brooke, Captain De Capell. Travels in Spain and 
 Morocco, 2 vols. 8vo. Travels through Sweden, Norway, 
 Ac. in 1820, 4to. Winter in Lapland and Sweden, 1827, 
 4to. This accurate and valuable work has become rare. 
 
 Brooke, Charlotte, daughter of Henry Brooke, the 
 Novelist and Dramatist. Reliques of Irish Poetry, trans, 
 into English Verse, with Notes, and an Irish Tale, Dubl., 
 1789, 4to. Dialogue between a Lady and her Pupils, de 
 scribing a Journey through England and Wales. Natural 
 History, <fcc., 1796, Svo. 
 
 " We approve this plan, as the young mind may thus be drawn, 
 by the subjects occasionally introduced, to attend to matters of 
 useful information, instead of the very trivial topics with which 
 books of education are sometimes filled." Lon. Monthly Rev., 1796. 
 
 Emma, or the Foundling of the Wood; a Novel, 1803, 
 12mo. 
 
 Brooke, Mrs. Charlotte, has gained considerable 
 reputation by occasional poetical effusions. 
 
 " Some of her poems have a sweetness of flow and delicacy of 
 sentiment that seem made out of music, rather than for it. She 
 seems only to have wanted some deep incitement, such as a sense 
 of duty imparts to a woman's genius, in order to have excelled." 
 Woman's Ifecord. 
 
 Mrs. Hale quotes " A Lover's Lines" as a specimen of 
 Mrs. Brooke's style. 
 
 Brooke, Christopher. Funeral Elegy on Prince 
 Henry, Lon., 1613, 4to. Eclogues by Mr. Brooke, Mr. 
 Wither, and Mr. Davies, 1614, Svo. See Brit. Biblio 
 grapher, ii. 235, for an account of A Funerall Poem in 
 MS. by Brooke, and for other interesting information con 
 cerning the author. Brooke was the " chamber fellow" 
 at Lincoln's Inn and bosom friend of the celebrated Dr. 
 Donne, and aided him in his clandestine marriage to the 
 daughter of Sir George Moor, Chancellor of the Garter, 
 and Lieutenant of the Tower. It proved dangerous to 
 offend a jailer, for the indignant father-in-law sent the 
 groom and his two friends, Christopher and Samuel Brooke, 
 to prison. Vide Athen. Oxon., Bliss's edit., Fasti, i. 401. 
 George Wither inscribes some verses " To his ingenious 
 and (which is more worthy) his truly honest Friend. Mr. 
 Christ. Brooke." Brit. Bill. ii. 237. 
 
 Brooke, Edward. Bibliotheca Legum Anglise; 
 Part II., containing a general Account of the Laws and 
 Law Writers of England, from the earliest Times to the 
 Reign of Edward III., <fcc., Lon., 1788, 12mo. See WOR- 
 RALL, JOHN. 
 
 Brooke, Frances, 1745-1789, daughter of Rev. Mr. 
 Moore, and wife of the Rev. John Brooke, Rector of Col- 
 ney, in Norfolk, <fcc., obtained considerable distinction by 
 her literary abilities. The Old Maid, a periodical, Nov. 
 15, 1755, to about the end of July in the next year. Since 
 pub. in a 12mo vol. Virginia, a Tragedy, with Odes, Pasto 
 rals, and Translations, 1756, Svo. Trans, from the French 
 of Lady Catesby's Letters, 1760, 12mo. The History of 
 Lady Julia Mandeville, 2 vols. 12mo, 1763. 
 
 " Concerning the plan there were various opinions, \v. p."\ though 
 of the execution there seems to have been but one. It was read 
 with much avidity and general approbation." Nichols's Literary 
 Anecdotes, ii. 346. 
 
 The History of Emily Montague, 4 vols. 12mo, 1769. 
 Memoirs of the Marquis of St. Forlaix, 4 vols. 12mo, 1770. 
 Mr. Garrick refused to give a representation to Virginia, 
 and Mrs. B. offered him another tragedy, which met with 
 the same fate. Whereupon Mrs. B. took a severe revenge 
 on him in the novel of the Excursion, 2 vols. 12mo, 1777. 
 Like most people who act under excited feeling, " Mrs. 
 Brooke thought her invective too severe; lamented and 
 retracted it." 
 
 Elements of the History of England, from the Abbe" 
 Millot, 4 vols. 12mo, 1771. Siege of Sinope, a Tragedy. 
 1781, Svo. 
 
 " This piece added but little to her reputation, and never became 
 popular. It wanted energy, and had not much originality. There 
 was little to disapprove, but not much to admire." Nichols's Lit. 
 Anecdotes, ii. 347. 
 
 Rosina, a Play, 1782. 
 
 " Few pieces have been equally successful. The simplicity of 
 the story, the elegance of the words, and the excellence of the 
 music, promise a long duration to this drama." Ibid. 
 
 Marian, a Play, 1788. Much inferior to Rosina. The 
 History of Charles Mandeville; a Sequel to Lady Julia, 
 2 vols. ISmo, 1790. 
 
 " It has been often wished that the catastrophe in the Novel of 
 Lady Julia Mandeville had been less melancholy ; and of the pro 
 priety of this opinion the authoress herself is said to have been 
 satisfied, but did not choose to make the alteration." 
 
 Brooke, Francis. Trans, of Voyages of V. Le Blanc, 
 1660. 
 Brooke, Fulke Greville, Lord. See GREVILLE, 
 
 F0LKE. 
 
 Brooke, Henry. The Conservatory of Health, Lon., 
 1650, 12mo. 
 
 Brooke, Henry, 1706-1783, a native of Rantavan 
 in Ireland, was for some time a pupil of Dr. Sheridan, and 
 left his tutor to enter Trinity College, Dublin. From 
 thence, when only 17, he removed to the Temple to study 
 law. His first publication was Universal Beauty ; a phi 
 losophical poem; part 2 pub. 1735; part 3 about 1736. 
 
 "This had been submitted to Pope, who probably contributed 
 his assistance, and whose manner, at least, is certainly followed." 
 
 A Trans, of the first three Books of Tasso, 1737. 
 
 " It is at once so harmonious and so spirited, that I think an 
 entire translation of Tasso by him would not only have rendered 
 my task unnecessary, but have discouraged those from the attempt 
 whose poetical abilities are much superior to mine." HOOLE. 
 
 Constantia, or the Man of Law's Tale, 1741 ; in Ogle's 
 version of Chaucer. The Earl of Westmoreland ; a Tra 
 gedy, 1745. Farmer's Letters, 1745 : on the plan of his 
 friend Swift's Drapier Letters. A new Collection of Fairy 
 Tales, 1750, 2 vols. 12mo ; anon. Earl of Essex; a Tra 
 gedy, 1760, Svo. The Trial of the Roman Catholicks, 
 1762, Svo. In this, Brooke pleads for the removal of po 
 litical restraints on that class of citizens. The Fool of 
 Quality, or the History of Henry, Earl of Moreland, 5 vols. 
 12mo ; 1760, '70, '77 ; in 4 vols. 12mo, 1776. 
 
 " A novel replete with knowledge of human life and manners, 
 and in which there are many admirable traits of moral feeling and 
 propriety, but mixed, as the author advances towards the close, 
 with so much of religious discussion, and mysterious stories and 
 opinions, as to leave it doubtful whether he inclined most to Beh- 
 menism or to Popery." 
 
 Redemption, a Poem, 1772, 4to. 
 
 " A poem in which that great mystery of our religion is ex 
 plained and amplified by bolder figures than are usually hazarded." 
 
 Juliet Grenville, or the History of the Human Heart ; 
 a Novel, 3 vols. 12mo, 1774. This work is considered 
 unequal to his earlier efforts. His Works, Lon., 1778, 
 4 vols. Svo ; this collection contains several plays and 
 poems not before printed. Of Brooke's plays perhaps 
 Gustavus Vasa was considered the best. Its performance 
 was forbidden for political reasons. His Works, with the 
 addition of some pieces collected by his daughter, were 
 reprinted, Dublin, 1792. 
 
 "Throughout all the excellent compositions of Brooke there 
 breathes a strong spirit of liberty." 
 
 See Johnson's and Chalmers's English Poets, 1810, 21 
 vols. Svo; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; and Brookiana, or 
 Anecdotes of Henry Brooke, Lon., 1804, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Brooke, Henry. Sermons, 1746, '47. 
 
 Brooke, Henry. A Guide to the Stars, Lon., 1820 4to 
 
 Brooke, Henry James. Familiar Introduction to 
 Crystallography, Lon., 1823, Svo. 
 
 Brooke, James. Sermons, 1706, '23. 
 
 Brooke, Sir James, b. 1803, at Bandel, in Zillah 
 Hooghly, Bengal; Rajah of Sarawak. His Journals of 
 
 Q o , o 
 
 JLoiO, 2 VOlS. OVO. 
 
 "Keppel's volumes gave the outlines of the strange drama of 
 Mr. Brooke's career. Captain Mundy has printed the Journals 
 
 *ettm, omitting only such portions as have already been made 
 bv Pant* M ne 'J J ?, rnal8 of Mr -Brooke here offered to the worJd 
 Lm Atlen^um "^ * quarter of tnese S dly volumes." 
 
 Private Letters of Sir J. Brooke, K.C.B., from 1838 to the 
 Present Time, edited by J. C. Templer, 1853, 3 vols. cr. Svo. 
 
 Brooke, John. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1577-81. 
 
 Brooke, John Charles, 1748-1794, Somerset He 
 rald, was deeply versed in antiquarian lore. Some of his 
 contributions will be found in Archaeol., 1777, '79, '82. 
 His signature in the Gent Mag. was J. B. He rendered 
 
 251 
 
BRO 
 
 BRO 
 
 such liberal assistance to his literary friends that it has 
 been declared that 
 
 " The first writers of the age in history, biography, and topo 
 graphy, have been indebted to him." 
 
 References to him will be found in the correspondence 
 of that eminent antiquary, the Rev. William Cole. 
 
 " Mr. Brooke's illustration of the Saxon inscription at Kirkdale 
 Church pleases me much. . . Mr. Brooke is too good a Herald not 
 to have informed you of the owners of the arms in your window." 
 Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes, vol. i. 
 
 Mr. B. was applied to by the Duke of Norfolk (then 
 Earl of Surrey) to write a Latin preface to Domesday 
 Book. He made some collections towards a history of all 
 the tenants in Capite mentioned therein, with their pedi 
 grees, families, estates, <fcc. What a grand work would 
 this have been ! Alas for the come-to-nothing projects of 
 procrastinating men ! 
 
 Brooke,N.,M.D. Observations on Italy,Bath,1797,8vo. 
 
 Brooke, Ralph, d. 1625, York Herald, was originally 
 named Brookesworth. He is represented as most perverse 
 and malicious in disposition, and he was a " thorn in the 
 side" of the worthy Camden. He attacked the latter in a 
 publication entitled A Discoverie of certain Errours in the 
 much-commended Britannia, 1594. Very prejudiciall to 
 the descentes and successions of the auncient Nobilitie of 
 this Realme; by Yorke Herault; sine anno; circa 1596, 4to. 
 Second Discovery of Errors prejudicial to noble descents, 
 with a Reply to Mr. Camden's Apologia ad Lectorem in 
 his fifth edition, 1600. He presented this to K. James^L, 
 who prohibited its publication. Anstis pub. it in 17*23, 
 4to ; this vol. contains the original objections, Camden's 
 reply, <fcc. The latter ably defended himself, and charged 
 Brooke with ignorance and malice. 
 
 " Some early attempts were made by an envious person, one 
 Brook, or Brookmonth, to blast the deservedly great reputation of 
 this book ; but they perished and came to nothing ; as did like 
 wise the terrible threats given out by Sir Symonds D'Ewes, that 
 he would discover errors in every page." BISHOP NICOLSON : Eng. 
 Hist. Library. 1776, 4. 
 
 Our choleric "Herault" completed in 1622 a valuable 
 work, entitled Catalogue and Succession of the Kings, 
 Princes, Dukes, Marquises, Earls, and Viscounts of this 
 Realm of England, since the Norman Conquest to this 
 present year, 1619, together with their arms, wives, and 
 children, the times of their death and burials, with many 
 of their memorable actions, Lon., 1619-22, fol. The feli 
 citations of Yorke Herault over his new-born literary off 
 spring were interrupted by a critic who made him remem 
 ber his foray against the worthy Camden. Mr. Augustus 
 Vincent borrowed even the very title of Brooke's indict 
 ment against the Britannia, and put forth A Discoverie of 
 Errours in the first edition of the Catalogue of Nobility 
 published by Ralph Brooke, Yorke Herald, Lon., 1622, fol. 
 
 " A highly valuable work, though written with too much se 
 verity." 
 
 Brooke, R. Treatise on the Office and Practice of 
 a Notary ; 2d ed., Lon., 1847, 8vo. 
 
 Brooke, Richard. A Descriptive Account of Liver 
 pool as it was during the last Quarter of the 18th century, 
 1775-1800, 1854, r. 8vo. 
 
 " In addition to information relative to the Public Buildings, 
 Statistics, and Commerce of the Town, the work contains some 
 curious and interesting particulars, which have never been previ 
 ously published, respecting the Pursuits, Habits, and Amuse 
 ments of the Inhabitants of Liverpool during that period, with 
 Views of its Public Edifices." 
 
 Brooke, Robert Greville, Lord. See GREVILLE, 
 ROBERT. 
 
 Brooke, or Broke, Sir Robert, d. 1558, Lord Chief 
 Justice of the Common Pleas in the reign of Queen Mary, 
 (1553,) was a native of Claverley, in Shropshire. La 
 Graunde Abridgment, Lon., 1568, '70, '73, '76, '86. 
 wl' bi u Abr ? d K m ent, which is principally founded upon that of 
 litzherbert, is digested under a greater number of titles, and be 
 sides the authorities collected by Fitzherbert, Brooke abridges a 
 great number of readings, which seem to have fallen under his 
 own knowledge as a judge and chief justice of the common nleas 
 and which are nowhere else extant, except, in a small volume se 
 lected from this Abridgment, entitled New Cases." WORRALL! 
 
 For Novel Cases, the Abridgment, <fcc., see Wallace's 
 Rep.; Marvin, Ac. Brooke followed the example of 
 Nicholas Statham, who first abridged from the year 
 books temp. Edward IV. : see Nicolson's Hist. Library. 
 Le Lieur, <fcc. del Corone, 1580, fol. Reading on Magna 
 Charta cxvii., 1641, 4to. Reading upon the Statute of 
 Limitations 32 Hen. VIII., cap. 2, Lon., 1647, 8vo. 
 Brooke, T. Theolog. treatises, <fec., Lon., 1548-70. 
 Brooke, T. H. History of the Island of St. Helena 
 from its Discovery by the Portuguese to the Year 1806, 
 Lon., 1808, 8vo. 
 Brooke, Thomas. Sermons, 1732, '46, 4to. 
 
 Brooke, Thomas Digby. Trans, from Mad. Guyon, 
 and her Life, 1795-1806. 
 
 Brooke, W. H. Foreigner's Guide, 1807. 
 
 Brooke, William. Cause of the distress for Provi 
 sions, Lon., 1800. 
 
 Brooke, Z., D.D. Examination of Dr. Middleton's 
 Free Inquiry, 1750, 8vo. Eleven Discourses, 1764, 8vo. 
 
 Brooker, Daniel. Sermons, 1743, '45, '46. 
 
 Brookes, Melanthe. Fabula Pastorialis, 1615, 4to. 
 Acted before King James I., March 10, 1614. 
 
 Brookes, Henry. Sermon, 1707, 8vo. 
 
 Brookes, Henry. Sermons, 1732, '34, 8vo. 
 
 Brookes, John. England's Interest. Free thoughts 
 on the Starch Duty, Lon., 1752, 8vo. 
 
 Brookes, Joshua, 1761-1833, a distinguished Eng 
 lish surgeon and anatomist, pub. a tract on the Cholera 
 an Address, 1828, a paper in Trans. Linnsean Society, 1829, 
 <fcc. See Lancet, vol. xii. He had a large museum of 
 specimens in various branches of Natural History, which 
 cost him 30,000 and was sold at auction for a very tri 
 fling sum. 
 
 Brookes, Matthew, D.D. Sermons, Lon., 1621, '57. 
 
 Brookes, Richard, M.D. History of the most re 
 markable Pestilential Distempers that have appeared in 
 Europe for 300 years last past; with the Method of pre 
 vention and cure of that Distemper, Lon., 1721, 8vo. The 
 General Practice of Physic, 1751, 2 vols. 8vo. The 
 General Dispensary, 1753, 8vo. The Art of Angling, Rock 
 and Sea Fishing, <fec., 1740, 8vo. System of Natural His 
 tory, in 6 parts, Lon., 1763, 6 vols. 12mo. General Gazet 
 teer, or Compendious Geographical Dictionary, 1762, 8vo; 
 18th edit., 1827, 8vo ; revised and corrected to the present 
 time, by A. G. Findlay, new edit., Lon., 1851, 8vo. 
 
 Brookes, Samuel. An Introduction to the study of 
 Conchology, 1815, 4to. 
 
 " It behooves us to state, that Mr. Brookes evinces an intimata 
 and learned acquaintance with his subject, that he duly blenda 
 perspicuity with brevity of description, that he has bestowed on 
 his plates an unusual degree of correctness and elegance, and that 
 he has carefully prepared the way for the prosecution of his fa 
 vourite study on the most extensive scale." Lon. Monthly Jieview, 
 Nov. 1816. 
 
 Brookes, Thomas, d. 1680, an eminent Independent 
 divine, chosen minister of St. Mary Magdalen about 1651, 
 ejected 1662. Precious Remedies for Satan's Devices, Lon., 
 1653, 8vo; about 60 editions. Heaven on Earth, 1654, 
 8vo. The Mute Christian under the Smarting Rod, 1660, 
 8vo ; more than 50 editions. The Private Key of Heaven, 
 1665, 8vo. Cabinet of Jewels, 1669, 4to. A Golden Key 
 to open hid Treasures, 1675, 4to. Apples of Gold for Young 
 Men and Women ; more than 25 editions. Holiness, <fcc., 
 1662, Svo. On Assurance, 1654, 12mo. Unsearchable 
 Riches of Christ, 1661, 4to. Other works. 
 
 " His works have been highly popular, on account of their spi 
 ritual tendency. As a preacher he was very affecting and useful ; 
 but many of his phrases and comparisons are too homely and fa 
 miliar for imitation." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 " A popular, lively, and practical writer." BICKERSTKTH. 
 
 "Brookes's Unsearchable Riches of Christ is a most edifying 
 treatise, pithily eloquent, almost every sentence of which is an 
 aphorism worthy of a distinct setting, and which everywhere dis 
 plays large stores of sanctified learning." Christian Advocate. 
 
 Brookesbank, John. 1. An Englishman's Sylla 
 bary. 2. Rules for Syllabication, 1651, 4to. 
 
 Brooks, Charles Shirley, b. 1815, a dramatist and 
 contributor to periodicals, has gained considerable reputa 
 tion by his plays of Honour and Riches, The Creole, The 
 Lowther Arcade, and Our New Governess. As commis 
 sioner of the London Morning Chronicle, he spent six 
 months in Russia, Asia Minor, and Egypt, and contributed 
 a series of letters to that journal, which were afterwards 
 pub. in Longmans' Travellers' Library. Miss Violet and 
 her Offers. Edited Amusing Poetry, 1857; Aspin Court, 
 a Novel, 1857. This work is popular and has been highly 
 commended. 
 
 Brooks, Charles T., b. 1813, at Salem, Massachu 
 setts, graduated at Harvard College, became pastor of the 
 Unitarian Church, Newport, R.I., in 1837, on which occa 
 sion Dr. Channing preached the ordination-sermon. 1. 
 Schiller's William Tell, trans., Providence, 1838. 2. Trans., 
 from same author, Mary Stuart and The Maid of Orleans. 
 
 3. Titan ; from the German of Jean Paul Richter, 1840. 
 
 4. Specimens of German Song, Bost., 1842. This volume 
 is one of Mr. Ripley's series of foreign literature. 5. Trans, 
 of Schiller's " Homage of the Arts," with miscellaneous 
 pieces from Riickert, Freiligrath, and other German Poets, 
 Bost, 1847. 6. Poems, Prov., 1848. 7. The Controversy 
 touching the Old Stone Mill in the Town of Newport, R.I., 
 Newport, 1851. 8. German Lyrics, containing specimens 
 
BRO 
 
 BRO 
 
 of Anastasius Griin and other living poets of Ger 
 many. 
 
 "On the whole, we have perused the 'German Lyrics' with 
 pleasure. Mr. Brooks fully maintains by this publication the 
 credit he won for himself by his former labours as a translator of 
 German poetry." Lon. Athen., No. 1476, Feb. 9, 1856. 
 
 9. Songs of Field and Flood, Bosk, 1854. 10. Eight 
 Months on the Ocean and Eight Weeks in India, MS. 
 
 Brooks, Francis. Barbarian Cruelty, Lon., 1693. 
 
 Brooks, Henry James. See BROOKE. 
 
 Brooks, Indiana. Eliza Beaumond and Harriet 
 Osborne; or, The Child of Doubt, 1789, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Brooks, J. T., M.D. Four Months among the Gold- 
 Finders in California, N. York, 1849, 8vo. 
 
 Brooks, J. W. Lectures on Prophecy, Lon., 1842, 
 12mo. Abdiel's Essays on the Advent and Kingdom of 
 Christ, 1834, 12mo. 
 
 " A very valuable work, and full of Scripture illustration." 
 
 BlCKERSTETH. 
 
 Elements of Prophetical Interpretation, 1836, 18mo. 
 
 " A work of useful information." Ibid. 
 
 History of the Hebrew Nation, 1841, 12mo. 
 
 "Much valuable scriptural illustration as well as historical." 
 Ibid. 
 
 Brooks, James, Bishop of Gloucester. Sermon at 
 Paul's Cross, Lon., 1553, 8vo. See Fox's Acts and Monu 
 ments of the Church for two orations of the bishop's. 
 
 Brooks, James Gordon, 1801-1841, a native of 
 Red Hook, near the city of New York, was known for 
 some time as a contributor to periodicals under the signa 
 ture of "Florio." His longest poem is entitled Genius; 
 delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Yale Col 
 lege in 1827. Mr. and Mrs. Brooks pub. in 1829, a volume 
 entitled The Rivals of Este, and other Poems, by James 
 G. and Mary E. Brooks. The principal poem is the pro 
 duction of Mrs. Brooks. 
 
 " The poems of Mr. Brooks are spirited and smoothly versified, 
 but diffuse and carelessly written. lie was imaginative, and com 
 posed with remarkable ease and rapidity ; but was too indifferent 
 in regard to his reputation ever to rewrite or revise his produc 
 tions." Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America. 
 
 Brooks, John, M.D7, Gov. of Mass., 1752-1825, pub. 
 a Discourse on Pneumonia, 1808, and one delivered before 
 the Humane Society, 1795. Thacher'a Med. fiiog. 
 
 Brooks, Jonathan. Antiquity, or the Wise In 
 structor; being a Collection of Sentences, Brist.,1770,12mo. 
 
 Brooks, Maria, as styled by Southey, Maria del 
 Occidente, b. about 1795, d. 1845, is best known as the 
 author of Zophiel, or The Bride of Seven, the first canto of 
 which was pub. in Boston, 1825 ; the whole work in Lon 
 don, 1833. Mrs. Brooks was the daughter of Mr. Gowen, 
 a gentleman of Welsh descent, who settled at Medford, 
 Massachusetts, where Maria was born. In 1820 she pub. 
 a volume entitled Judith, Esther, and other poems, by a 
 Lover of the Fine Arts. Mrs. Brooks passed the spring 
 of 1831 in the hospitable mansion of Robert Southey, at 
 Kcswick, and this useful friend superintended the publi 
 cation of Zophiel, of which he was a great admirer : 
 
 " If you have not seen Zophiel, it is well worth your reading, as 
 by far the most original poem that this generation has produced. 
 . . . The poem has attracted no notice : the chief cause of the pre 
 sent failure I suppose to be that it is not always perspicuously 
 told. The diction is surprisingly good ; indeed, America has never 
 produced any poem to be compared with it." Letter to Lord Mahon, 
 May 12, 1834. 
 
 An interesting review of this poem will be found in Gris 
 wold's Female Poets of America. An edition of Zophiel 
 was pub. in Boston in 1834, for the benefit of the Polish 
 Exiles, in whose cause Mrs. Brooks felt the warmest in 
 terest. See Southey's Life and Correspondence. 
 
 In 1843 she printed for private circulation, Idomen, 
 or The Vale of the Yumuri; a production which par 
 takes much of the character of an autobiography. Mrs. 
 Brooks inherited some estates in Cuba, and took up her 
 residence in the island. She died at Matanzas, Novem 
 ber 11, 1845. 
 
 Her principal poem will preserve her name from ob 
 livion, but deals too little with human sympathies to take 
 much hold of the public mind. It is one of those produc 
 tions which will be always more quoted than read, and 
 more admired than understood. 
 
 " Maria del Occidente is styled in The Doctor, &c., the most 
 impassioned and most imaginative of all poetesses.' And without 
 taking into account qucedam ardentiora scattered here and there 
 throughout her singular poem, there is undoubtedly ground for 
 the first clause, and, with the more accurate substitution of ' fanci 
 ful' for ' imaginative,' for the whole of the eulogy. It is alto 
 gether an extraordinary performance." Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 " Which [Zophiel] he [Southey] says is by some Yankee woman ; 
 as if there ever had been a woman capable of any thing so great!" 
 CHARLES LAMB. 
 
 See Griswold's Female Poets of America. 
 
 Brooks, Mary E., a poetess of some reputation, is a 
 native of New York. Her maiden name was Aiken. She was 
 married in 1828 to JAMES GORDON BROOKS, (see above,) 
 and in 1829 a volume of their writings was given to the 
 world, under the title of The Rivals of Este, [by Mrs. 
 Brooks,] and other poems. Her Hebrew melodies and 
 lyrics have been much admired. She is now (1854) a 
 resident of the city of New York. 
 
 Brooks, Nathan Covington, b. 1809, Maryland. 
 Pres. Baltimore Female College, Historian and Poet. 
 Scriptural Anthology. History of the Church. Literary 
 Amaranth. Collectanea Evangelica. History of the Mexi 
 can War. Editor of the American Museum, and contributor 
 to various leading periodicals, and the able editor of a 
 valuable series of Greek and Latin Classics. 
 
 " Brooks's Ovid is a highly meritorious work." 
 
 " The History of the Mexican War is acknowledged to be both 
 able and impartial." 
 
 Brooks, S. H. City, Town, and Country Architec 
 ture, Lon., 1847, fol. Designs for Cottages and Villa 
 Architecture, 1840, 4to. Modern Architecture, 1852, fol. 
 
 Brooks, Thomas. London's Lamentations, Lon., 
 1670, 4to. 
 
 Brooks, Thomas. Charges, etc. in the East In 
 dies, 1752. 
 
 Brooksbank, Joseph. See BROOKBANK. 
 
 Brookshaw, George. Pomona Britannica, Lon., 
 1805 ; atlas fol., 2 vols. 4to, 1817. Flower Painting, 1816, 
 <fec. Horticultural Repository, 2 vols. r. 8vo. 
 
 Broom, Herbert. Practical Rules for Determining 
 Parties to Actions, Digested and Arranged with Cases, 
 Lon., 1843, 8vo. 
 
 " A concise and excellent Treatise upon the subject." Marvin's 
 Legal Bibl. 
 
 A Selection of Legal Maxims Classified and Illustrated, 
 Lon., 1845, 8vo ; 3d edit, Phila., 1852, 8vo. 
 
 " Maxims are the condensed good sense of nations." SIB JAMES 
 MACKINTOSH. 
 
 "It certainly ought to find a place in the library of every scien 
 tific lawyer." ion. Legal Observer, March 22, 1845. 
 
 " It is among the few law-books that we can bind and place per 
 manently for constant use on the handiest shelf of our book-case." 
 Law Magazine, May, 1848. 
 
 "The practitioner and the student may each resort to thia 
 work as an ample storehouse of legal elementary principles 
 and simple fundamental laws." American Law Journal, June, 
 1852. 
 
 Practice of the Superior Courts of Common Law with 
 Reference to Matters within their Concurrent Jurisdiction, 
 Lon., 1850, Ac. Practice of the County Courts, 1852, 
 12mo ; 2d ed., 1857, 8vo. Commentaries on the Common 
 Law, as Introductory to its Study, Lon., 1855, 8vo; Amer. 
 ed., Phila., 1856, 8vo. 
 
 "This elementary work, by the ingenious author of 'Legal 
 Maxims,' will be found to be of much use to the student in ex 
 plaining the present state of the law on many subjects not often 
 treated in the standard books." Law Reporter, Oct. 1856. 
 
 Broom, Thomas. Female Education, 1791, 12mo. 
 
 Broome, Rev. Arthur. Selections from the Writ 
 ings of Fuller and South, with Life and Character of Ful 
 ler, Lon., 1815, 12mo. The Duty of Humanity, abridged 
 from Dr. Primalt, Lon., 1831, 12mo. 
 
 Broome, Captain Ralph. Tracts rel. to W. Hast 
 ings, <fcc., 1790-96. 
 
 Broome, William. Sermon, 1700, 8vo. 
 
 Broome, William, d. 1745, a native of Cheshire, 
 England, was educated at Eton, and at St. John's College. 
 He was for some time rector in Sturston, in Suffolk. In. 
 conjunction with Ozell and Oldisworth, he translated the 
 Iliad into prose : 
 
 "This is the translation of which Ozell boasted as superior, in 
 Toland's opinion, to that of Pope: it has long since vanished, and 
 is now in no danger from the critics." DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 Pope engaged Fenton and Broome to aid him in the 
 translation of the Odyssey, and to the share of the latter 
 fell the 2d, 6th, 8th, llth, 12th, 16th, 18th, and 23d books, 
 together with all the notes. To Fenton's lot fell the 1st, 
 4th, 19th, and 20th. The other 12 books Pope translated 
 himself. The associates did their work well : 
 
 "The readers of poetry have never been able to distinguish 
 their books from those of Pope." 
 
 Broome did not consider himself liberally treated by 
 Pope. It was said, that whilst Fenton received 300 for 
 four books, Broome had but about 500 for eight books. 
 The disappointed labourer charged his master with avarice; 
 and Pope, with that petty spite which was his strongest 
 characteristic, abused Broome in the Dunciad, and in the 
 Bathos. Broome's Poems on several Occasions were pub., 
 Lon., 1727, 8vo. In the Gent. Mag., under the signature 
 of Chester, will be found some of his translations from 
 Anacreon. He pub. Two Sermons, 1737, 4to. 
 
BRO 
 
 BRO 
 
 *' Of Broome, though it cannot be said that he was a great poet, 
 it would be unjust to deny that he was an excellent versifier: his 
 lines are smooth and sonorous, and his diction is select and ele 
 gant." Johnson's Lives of the Poets. 
 
 " Pope came off clean with Homer; but they say 
 
 Broome went before, and kindly swept the way." HENLEY. 
 Broster, J. Progress of the Brosterian System, 1827, 
 8vo. Removal of Impediments in Speech. 
 
 Brothai, F. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1671. Observ. of 
 Missionaries in Upper Egypt. 
 
 Brothers, Richard. Prophecies and Times, Lon., 
 1794, 8vo. Explan. of the Trinity, 1795, 8vo. Other tracts, 
 1798-1802. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. The history of this 
 madman is well known. Mr. Halhed pub. a number of 
 tracts in his vindication, and Dr. (afterwards Bishop) 
 Home espoused the other side. See Knight's Eng. Cyc. 
 Brotherton, Thos. Hort. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1637. 
 Brough, Anthony. Com. treatises, 1786, '89, &c. 
 Brough, William. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1657, 
 '60, '72. 
 
 Brougham, Henry. Reflections on a book entitled 
 Genuine Remains of Dr. Thomas Barlow, Bishop of Lin 
 coln, Lon., 1694, 4to. 
 
 Brougham, Henry, Lord, b. Sept. 1778, at Edin 
 burgh, a descendant of one of the most ancient families 
 of England, received his education at the High School 
 and the University of his native city. He soon became 
 distinguished for the zeal and success with which he pur 
 sued his mathematical studies. After leaving the Univer 
 sity, he travelled for some time on the Continent, and on 
 his return practised at the Bar in the city of Edinburgh 
 until 1807, when he removed to London and was called 
 to the Bar by the society of Lincoln's Inn. Three years 
 afterwards he entered Parliament for the borough of Ca- 
 melford and attached himself to the Whig opposition. 
 In 1816 he represented the borough of Winchelsea. In 
 1820 occurred an event which was the means of placing 
 Mr. Brougham in that commanding position before the 
 public which he has ever since occupied. Caroline of 
 Brunswick was arraigned before the House of Lords as a 
 criminal, and Brougham was retained as her advocate. 
 The great talents of the orator were employed in a cause 
 calculated to elicit their noblest efforts, and, with a nation 
 warmly enlisted in favour of his client, it is no marvel that 
 he became the "popular idol." In 1830 he came in as 
 Lord-Chancellor with Earl Grey, and retained his office 
 about four years. Since that period the political life of 
 his lordship is well known, and, indeed, hardly enters 
 within the scope of our volume. Lord Brougham has been 
 an eminent benefactor to the cause of literature and men 
 tal progress. In conjunction with Jeffrey, Murray, and 
 Sydney Smith, he established in 1802 that most valuable 
 periodical, The Edinburgh Review, and contributed many 
 of the best articles in its pages. In 1821 he took a pro 
 minent part in the movement originated by Dr. Birkbeck 
 for naturalizing the Mechanics' Institutes in England. Of 
 the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge he was 
 the principal founder, and is author of several of the trea 
 tises in the series, and of a number of the articles in its 
 Penny Magazine. When only seventeen, he contributed to 
 the Trans, of Roy. Soc. a paper on the Refraction and 
 Reflection of Light. In the following year, 1797, he con 
 tributed another paper on the same subject, and, in 1798, a 
 paper entitled General Theorems, chiefly Porisms in the 
 Higher Geometry. In 1803 he pub. at Edinburgh his first 
 work, in 2 vols. 8vo : The Colonial Policy of'the European 
 Powers. The greater part of this work relates to Ame 
 rica, and gives a review of the policy of the Spanish, 
 English, French, and Colonial administrations, Slavery, <fcc. 
 A Letter to Sir Samuel Romilly upon the Abuse of Public 
 Charities, 1818. Ten eds. were issued in a few months. 
 Practical Observations upon the Education of the People, 
 Lon., 1825, 12mo. Lives of the Men of Letters and 
 Science who flourished in the Time of George III., 1845- 
 46, 2 vols. r. 8vo. 
 
 " Lord Brougham is fitted to digest immense materials into suc 
 cinct form, and to add in each successive year fresh pearls of large 
 brilliancy and beauty to the chaplet he has already strung of the 
 statesmen and men of letters of England." Lon. New Quar. Rev. 
 But see a very different opinion expressed in Brit. Quar. 
 Review, ii. 197, and in Lon. Quar. Rev., Ixxvi. 62. 
 
 "His style is bold and manly, though sometimes strangely care 
 less and lounging; but it is always expressive of his mind and 
 heart, and through the most labyrinthian sentence it is always 
 easy to follow the sentiment and reasoning of the writer." W. 0. 
 PBABODY : N. American Review, Ixi. 383. 
 
 Sketches of Statesmen of the Time of Geo. III., 3 vols. 
 
 8vo; also in 3 vols., 1839-43, r. 8vo; and in 6 vols. 18mo. 
 
 Paley's Natural Theology, edited by Lord Brougham and 
 
 Sir Chas. Bell, 4 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 254 
 
 These are among the best of Lord Brougham's writings, and 
 we are satisfied will be cherished as valuable contributions to the 
 literature of his country, ages after the names and the works of 
 manv of his enemies are forgotten." Lon. Economist. 
 
 Political Philosophy, 1840-44, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " We close these volumes with gratitude to the author for much 
 amusement, information, and instruction, with respect for hie 
 learning, and with admiration for his genius. . . . We have agreed 
 in opinion with Lord Brougham much oftener than we have dis 
 agreed." Edin. Rev. 
 
 Opinions on Politics, Theology, Law, <fec., 1837, p. 8vo. 
 
 " Of course, there is much to admire, much to agree with, and 
 much to dissent from, as the minds of other men are constituted. 
 Altogether, however, the volume is a proud testimony to human 
 intellect." Ion. Lit. Gaz. 
 
 Speech on the Laws, 8vo. Selections from his Speeches 
 and Writings, 1832, 8vo. Speeches at the Bar and in 
 Parliament; new ed., 1843, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "This is a work which ought to be possessed by every free- 
 minded man in the British Empire who can afford to add any 
 books at all to his literary stores. The smaller the collection, so 
 much more valuable will be such an addition to it; for it discusses 
 almost all the political, legal, and economical questions, the nearest 
 to 'men's business and bosoms,' that have arisen and been mooted 
 within the last forty years." Edin. Rev. 
 
 "Volumes more brilliant for wit or interest, more remarkable 
 as showing the astonishing mental powers and labours of the 
 author, have hardly appeared, in our day, at least." Brit, and 
 For. Rev. 
 
 Preliminary Treatise to Natural Philosophy, in a Collec 
 tion of Original Treatises on the Various Branches of Phy 
 sical Science, 4 vols. 8vo. Lord B.'s Preliminary Treatise is 
 entitled The Objects, Advantages, and Pleasures of Science. 
 
 " There is no second man in the kingdom who could with such 
 admirable art have analyzed as it were his mental wealth, and 
 sent it forth in a form at once the simplest, the most convenient, 
 and the most ready of access that it was possible to contrive." 
 Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Essays on the British Constitution, 1844, 8vo. Decisions 
 in Chancery, 1833-35, vol. i., r. 8vo. Discourse on Natural 
 Theology ; new ed., 2 vols. p. 8vo. Letter to Lord Lans- 
 downe on the French Revolution, 1848, 8vo. Dialogues 
 on Instinct; new ed., 1849, 18nio. Albert Lunel; or, The 
 Chateau of Languedoc, 1844, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " This novel was siippressed on the eve of publication, and it is 
 said not above five copies are extant." LOWNDES. 
 
 This work is ascribed to another hand. See Lon. Athen., 
 May 29, 1858, 1596. 
 
 Contrib. to Roy. Soc. Experiments and Observations on 
 the Properties of Light, 1850-52-53. In conjunction with 
 E. J. Routh, An Analytical View of Sir Isaac Newton's 
 Principia, 1855. 
 
 Works of Henry, Lord Brougham, F.R.S., Mem. Nat. 
 Inst. France, and of Roy. Acad. of Naples. A new and 
 complete edition, prepared under the superintendence of 
 his lordship. 1. Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous 
 Works, 1857, 10 vols. p. 8vo. Vol. i., Lives of Philosophers 
 of the Time of George III., comprising Black, Watt, 
 Priestley, Cavendish, Davy, Simson, Adam Smith, La 
 voisier, Banks, and D'Alembert. Vol ii., Lives of Men of 
 Letters of the Time of Geo. III., comprising Voltaire, 
 Rousseau, Hume, Robertson, Johnson, and Gibbon. Vols. 
 iii., iv., v., Sketches of Eminent Statesmen of the Reign of 
 Geo. III. ; new ed., enlarged by numerous fresh sketches 
 and other additional matter. Vol. vi., Natural Theology, 
 comprising a Discourse of Natural Theology, Dialogues 
 on Instinct, and Dissertations on the Structure of the 
 Cells of Bees and on Fossil Osteology. Revised. Vol. vii., 
 Rhetorical and Literary Dissertations and Addresses, com- 
 
 S-ising Discourses of Ancient Eloquence, <fec. Vol. viii., 
 istorical and Political Dissertations contributed to va 
 rious Periodicals. Vols. ix., x., Speeches on Social and 
 Political Subjects, with Historical Introductions. 
 
 " Not only will a large part of his productions be now brought 
 together for the first time, but the entire series has been newly 
 
 revised and very extensive and important additions have been 
 
 of the biographi 
 from personal knowledge of the great men with whom he has 
 
 made in every department. Many of the biographies are sketches 
 
 lived ; many of the speeches must always be ranked with the very 
 finest specimens of English eloquence; many of the treatises and 
 articles are essential to a full understanding of the social and po 
 litical history of the age in which he has been so prominent an 
 actor; and, though he must often carry us here into debatable 
 questions, the liquid lava has cooled with time, and we may tread 
 with the calmness of philosophic inquirers the ground which was 
 once alive with the heat and passions of the hour." Lon. Quar. 
 Review. See Edin. Rev., April, 1858. 
 
 2. Contributions to the Edinburgh Review : Political, 
 Historical, and Miscellaneous, 1857, 3 vols. 8vo. The 
 articles are comprised under Rhetorical, Historical, Foreign 
 Policy, Constitutional Questions, Political Economy and 
 Finance, Commercial Law, Physical Science, Miscella 
 neous. See reviews in Edin. Rev. and Dubl. Univ. Mag. 
 
 "Certainement parmi les modernes le meilleur interprete de 
 Demosthene." Journal des Savants. 
 
BRO 
 
 BRO 
 
 3. Paley's Natural Theology, with Notes and Disserta 
 tions by Lord Brougham and Sir Charles Bell, 1857, 3 vols. 
 Em. 8vo. 
 
 Brougham, John. Sermons, Lon., 1813, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Brougham, John, b. May 9, 1814, Dublin, Ireland; a 
 distinguished comedian. Irish Stories, Miscellanies, <fcc., 
 N.Y., 3 vols. 12mo. Mr. Brougham is the author of one 
 hundred and fourteen dramatic pieces, comedies, farces, 
 Ac. Among his dramatic works the principal are the 
 Comedies of The Game of Life, The Game of Love, Ro 
 mance and Reality, and All's Fair in Love, and the 
 burlesques of Po-co-hon-tas, Metamora, Columbus, <fcc. 
 Edited The Lantern, a humorous paper pub. in N. York. 
 Contributed extensively to various magazines. For biog. 
 notice, see Dr. R. Shelton Mackenzie's Sketch prefixed to 
 the first vol. of Mr. B.'s plays, pub. in N. York, 1856. 
 
 Broughton. On the great Apostacy from Christianity, 
 with its evil influence on the Civil State, 1718, 8vo. 
 
 Broughton, Arthur, M.D. Profess, and Botanical 
 works, Lon., 1782-94. 
 
 Broughton, Brian. Views of N.Wales, Lon., 1798,fol. 
 
 Broughton, Charles. Theory of Numbers, 1814, 4to. 
 
 Broughton, Mrs. Eliza. Six Years' Residence in 
 Algiers, 1839, p. 8vo. 
 
 "The vivacity, minute description, and kindly feeling every 
 where apparent in this book, render it highly attractive." Cham- 
 bers's Cyclopedia of Eng. Lit. 
 
 Broughton, Hugh, 1549-1612, celebrated for his pro 
 ficiency in Hebrew and rabbinical learning, was a native 
 of Oldbury, in the county of Salop. The celebrated Ber 
 nard Gilpin met a poor boy travelling on the Oxford road. 
 He was surprised at his scholarship, had him instructed 
 in his Houghton school, and in due time sent him to Cam 
 bridge, where he became Fellow of Christ College. This 
 was the far-famed Hugh Broughton. Leaving college, 
 and established in London as a preacher, he soon became 
 noted. He still pursued his studies with such diligence 
 as frequently to spend- 16 hours out of the 24 at hi-: books. 
 We notice his principal works : A Concent of Scriptures, 
 1588. This work occupied the author several years ; there 
 fore he called it his little book of great pains. It treats 
 of Scripture chronology and genealogy. It contains spe 
 cimens by W. Rogers of the earliest copperplate engrav 
 ing in England. Reprinted, 1620. See notice of a copy 
 on vellum in Dibdin's Bibliomania, and in Lowndes's Bib. 
 Manual, where will be found a list of Broughton's works. 
 A Treatise of Melchisedeck, proving him to be Sem, Lon., 
 1591, 4to. An Explication of the Article of Christ's De 
 scent into Hell, 1599, 4to. This led to much controversy, 
 in which Archbishop Whitgift and Bishop Bilson took 
 part. Broughton, in pursuing the subject, addressed An 
 Oration to the Geneveans, which was first pub. in Greek at 
 Mentz by Albinus, 1601, 8vo. In this he treats Beza with 
 great severity. Exposition of Daniel, 1597, 4to. On Ec- 
 clesiastes, <fcc., 1609, 4to. Commentaries on Daniel, Ha- 
 nau, 1607, 4to; the same in English, Bas, 1599, fol. The 
 Translations of Jeremiah, 1608, 4to. Defence of a Con 
 cent of Scripture, 1609, 4to. Trans, of Job, 1610, 4to. 
 Explanation of the Holy Apocalypse, 1610, 4to. Obser 
 vations upon the first Ten Fathers, 1612, 4to. The cele 
 brated Doctor Lightfoot pub. a collection of his works in 
 1662, fol., under the following title, The Works of the great 
 Albionean Divine, renowned in many nations for rare skill 
 in Salem's and Athen's Tongues, and familiar acquaint 
 ance with all Rabbinical learning, Mr. Hugh Broughton. 
 The eulogy of the editor is most enthusiastic, and it is the 
 praise of a master in Israel. Broughton, who played with 
 Greek and Hebrew as a poet toys with the most familiar 
 rhymes, trans, the Prophetical writings into Greek, and 
 the Apocalypse into Hebrew. He was anxious to trans 
 late the whole of the N. Testament into Hebrew, believ 
 ing that it would have forwarded the conversion of the 
 Jews. He relates that a learned rabbi with whom he con 
 versed, once said to him : 
 
 " Oh that you would set over all your New Testament into such 
 Hebrew as you speak to me ! you should turn all our nation." 
 
 It cannot be said that Broughton enjoyed a tranquil life; 
 but Mr. Whitaker thinks his troubles were self-imposed : 
 
 "He was a writer of great ambition, vanity, and dogmatism, 
 and as such was ridiculed more than once on the stage by Ben 
 Jouson. It was his misfortune to offend both the High Church 
 and the Calvinist party ; but it must be confessed that all the evils 
 of which he complained were brought on himself." REV. J. W. 
 WHITAKER. 
 
 Doubtless Mr. William Gilpin's unfavourable character 
 of our author, in the Life of Bernard Gilpin, has led many 
 to coincide with Mr. Whitaker's opinion : but Dr. Light- 
 foot's estimate is very different ; and it toas been well said 
 that 
 
 Lightfoot lived nearer the time of Broughton than that gen 
 tleman ; he had his information concerning him from those whc 
 were personally known to him ; and must, therefore, be presumed 
 to have had better opportunities of being acquainted with his real 
 character." Biog. Brit. 
 
 As to Ben Jonson's ridiculing him in his plays, that 
 proves nothing more than that Broughton was extensively 
 known, and had some peculiarities which made him a good 
 subject for " Rare Ben." We need not remind the classi 
 cal reader that some of the greatest sages of antiquity 
 were impressed into the service of the drama against their 
 own will. Dr. Lightfoot remarks, 
 
 " Some by the mere excitation of his books have set to the study 
 of the Hebrew tongue and come to a very great measure of know 
 ledge in it ; nay, a woman might be named that hath done it." 
 Preface to Broughton's Works, 1662, fol. 
 
 See Life of Bernard Gilpin ; Biog. Brit. ; Strype's Whit- 
 gift ; Athen. Oxon., Bliss's edit. 
 
 Broughton, John. Psychologia, or an Account of 
 the Nature of a Rational Soul, Lon., 1703, 8vo. Sermons, 
 1707-22. 
 
 Broughton, Richard, d. 1634, a Roman Catholic 
 ecclesiastical historian, a native of Great Stukeley in Hunt 
 ingdonshire, was educated at Oxford and Rheims. He 
 took priest's orders in 1593, and was sent to England as a 
 missionary. Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain, de 
 duced by Ages or Centuries, Douay, 1633, fol. 
 
 " Tho' 'tis a rhapsody, and a thing not well digested, yet there 
 is a good deal of reading shew'd in it. 'Tis said in the title to be 
 the first tome, as if another was to follow." ANT. WOOD. 
 
 A True Memorial of the Ancient, most holy and reli 
 gious State of Great Britain, Ac. in the time of the Bri 
 tons and primitive Church of the Saxons. Monasticon 
 Britannicum ; or a historicall Narration of the first Found 
 ing and flourishing State of the ancient Monasteries, reli 
 gious Rules and Orders of Great Brittaine in the Tymes 
 of the Brittaines and primitive Church of the Saxons, 
 Lon., 1655, 8vo. 
 
 " A small book of undigested tales printed a dozen years after 
 the death of the author, by some of his friends : so that it is pro 
 bable we have it much more imperfect than he intended ; and in 
 such an unfinished condition as the mistaken kindness of execu 
 tors too frequently sends things abroad." Bishop Aficolson's Eng. 
 Hist. Library. 
 
 Antiquity of the word Sterlingorum, or Stirling. See 
 Hearne's Collections, vol. ii., p. 318, 1771. Account of 
 Forests in England, ib., p. 381. 
 
 Broughton, Rowlande. A Briefe Discourse of the 
 Lyfe and Death of the late Right High and Honourable 
 Sir William Pawlett, Lon., 1572, 8vo; reprinted at the 
 Lee Priory press, Kent, 1818, 8vo, with portrait. 
 
 Broughton, Samuel Daniel, 1787-1837, an Eng 
 lish surgeon, Royal Army, accompanied his regiment to 
 Portugal, and embodied his observations in the journey 
 from Lisbon to the south of France in a very interesting 
 volume entitled Letters from Portugal, Spain, and France, 
 written during the Campaigns of 1812, '13, '14, '15, 8vo. 
 He assisted Sir Benjamin C. Brodie in his experiments 
 upon poisons : see Phil. Trans. 
 
 Broughton, Thomas. Christian Soldier, 1737, 8vo. 
 
 Broughton, Thomas, 1704-1774, a native of Lon 
 don, was sent to Eton, from whence he removed in 1722 
 to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He was or 
 dained deacon, 1727; priest, 1728; Rector of Stepington, 
 Huntingdonshire, 1739; Vicar of Bedminster near Bristol, 
 1774, to which was added a prebend in Salisbury Cathe 
 dral. He was one of the original writers of the Biogra- 
 phia Britannica. We notice his principal works : An 
 Answer to Toland's Christianity as old as Creation. Trans, 
 of Voftaire's Temple of Taste. An edition of Jarvis's 
 Don Quixote. Poems and trans, of Dryden, 2 vols. Her 
 cules; a Musical Drama. Bibliotheca Historico-Sacra 
 an Hist. Diet, of all Religions, Lon., 1737-39, 2 vols. fol. ; 
 1776; trans, into German. Bishop Tomline recommends 
 this work. 
 
 " Broughton is in some respects a weak and credulous writer, 
 and. inspired with an ardent zeal for orthodoxy and against 
 schism readily admits every charge against the heretics exhibited 
 against them by the Fathers, who frequently condemned them on 
 mere report." LOWNDES. 
 
 A Prospect of Futurity, 1768, 8vo. Sermons, 1745, '52, 
 79. Mr. B. made some trans, from Addison's Travels. 
 Trans, the Mottos of The Spectator, Guardian, and Free 
 holder, and some classical pieces. Bishop Sherlock had a 
 very high opinion of Broughton's merits. 
 
 Broughton, Thomas. Letters written in a Mah- 
 ratta Camp in 1809, Lon., 1813, 4to. 
 
 " This is a lively, entertaining, and well-written book, and we 
 can conscientiously recommend it to our readers." Edin. Review. 
 A work containing both instruction and amusement, but 
 written- in a very diffuse style." London Quarterly Review. 
 
 255 
 
BRO 
 
 BRO 
 
 Selections of the Popular Poetry of the Hindoos, trans. 
 1814, 8vo. 
 
 Broughton, William. Sermon, 1726, 8vo. 
 
 Broughton, William Robert. A Voyage of Dis 
 covery to the North Pacific Ocean in the Years 1795, '96, 
 97, '98, Lon., 1804, 4to. 
 
 Broun, Joannes, a Scotchman. Tractatus de Causa 
 Dei Contra Anti-Sabbatarios, Kotterd., 1674-76, 2 vols. 
 4to. He pub. another work in Latin against Wolzogen 
 and Velthusii, Amst., 1670, 12mo. 
 
 Broun, William. Impiety and Superstition Ex 
 posed ; a Poem, Edin., 1710, 4to. 
 
 Brouncker, William, Viscount, of Castle Lyons, 
 in Ireland, b. about 1620, d. 1684, created Doctor of Physic | 
 at Oxford in 1646, was eminent for his proficiency in the j 
 Mathematics. He contributed some mathemat. papers to j 
 Phil. Trans., 1673, and pub. in 1653 (anon.) a trans, of Des 
 Cartes' Musicae Compendium, 4to. 
 
 " Enriched with observations wliich show that he was deeply 
 skilled in the theory of the Science of Music." Bib. Brit. 
 
 Browell, James. Account of Navies, Lon., 1799, 4to. 
 
 Brown. Observ. on King Charles I.'s Letters, Lon., 
 1645, 4to. 
 
 Brown. Duty of H. Constables of Hundreds, Lon.,1677. 
 
 Brown. Remons. to Parliament, 1680, fol. 
 
 Brown. Carpenter's Joynt Rule, 1684, 8vo. 
 
 Brown. Letters to a Friend, 1690, fol. 
 
 Brown and Jackson. Calculator, 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Brown, Miss. Hist. Recreations, Lon., 1849, 18mo. 
 
 " A very nice little work for the recreation and instruction ol 
 students in History." Court Journal. 
 
 Brown, Alexander. Appendix to the Art of Paint 
 ing, Lon., 1675. 
 
 Brown, Alexander C. Colony Commerce, 1792. 
 
 Brown, Andrew. Con. to Edin. Med. Ess., 1736. 
 
 Brown, Andrew. History of Glasgow, and of Pais 
 ley, Greenock, and Port-Glasgow, Glasg., 1795; Edin., 
 1797, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Brown, Anna S., daughter of Townsend Sharplesa, 
 a well-known philanthropist of Philadelphia. Stories for 
 Alice, [in rhyme,] 1854, 12mo. 
 
 Brown, Anthony. Laws of Antigua, Lon., 1806. 
 
 Brown, Sir Anthony. See BACON, SIR NICHOLAS. 
 
 Brown, Charles. Med. Treatises, Lon., 1798, '99. 
 
 Brown, Charles Armitage. Shakespeare's Auto 
 biographical Poems, being his Sonnets clearly Developed, 
 &c., p. 8vo. 
 
 "In closing this volume and recommending it strongly to the 
 reader's perusal, we are fain to add to our many expressions of 
 satisfaction the assurance that we shall look to any future pro 
 duction of the same pen with high interest." Dublin Review. 
 
 Brown, Charles Brockden, 1771-1810, a native of 
 Philadelphia, descended from ancestors who emigrated to 
 Pennsylvania in the same ship which carried William Penn 
 to his new colony, earned considerable distinction by the 
 authorship of a number of novels of the Radcliffe or Godwin 
 school. Wieland, or The Transformation, was pub. in 1798; 
 in Lon., 1811. Ormond, or The Secret Witness, appeared 
 in 1799; in Lon., 1811. This novel was not so successful 
 as its predecessor. Arthur Mervyn, his next production, 
 gives a graphic picture of the ravages of the yellow fever 
 in Philadelphia. It was repub. in London in 1803. This 
 was followed by Edgar Huntly, or The Memoirs of a Sleep- 
 Walker, 1801 ; repub. in London in 1804. In this work 
 the author has incorporated portions of his first and un 
 published novel, Sky-Walk, or The Man Unknown to 
 Himself. Clara Howard appeared in 1801, (repub. in Lon 
 don in 1806 under the title of Philip Stanley,) and Jane 
 Talbot in the same year. The last two are considered 
 much inferior to his earlier productions. An unfinished 
 novel Memoir of Carwin, the Biloquist, (the germ of 
 Wieland,) will be found in Dunlap's Life and Selections 
 from the Works of Brown, 1815, vol. ii. 200-201. Mr. 
 Brown pub. (1803-09) a number of political pamphlets, 
 prepared with more care than is usually given to produc 
 tions of an ephemeral character, and contributed many 
 articles to The Columbus Magazine, The Weekly Magazine, 
 Ac. In 1799 he commenced the publication of The Monthly 
 Magazine and American Review, which lived about a year 
 only. In 1803 he made another attempt to establish a 
 periodical, and The Literary Magazine and American Re 
 gister to which he was the principal contributor was 
 
 sustained for five years, (8 vols. 8vo.) The American Re 
 gister another project of his, commenced in 1807 was 
 
 pub. in semi-annual volumes (7 in all) until his death in 
 1810. He made a translation of his friend Volney's Travels 
 in the United States, 1804; wrote a Memoir of the Rev. 
 256 
 
 Dr. John Blair Linn, (whose sister he married in 1804,) 
 prefixed to Valerian, 1805 ; pub. Memoirs of Stephen Cal- 
 vert; and edited, with Life, C. H. Wilson's Beauties of 
 Tom Brown, Lon., 1810, 12mo. 
 
 That Mr. Brown possessed a mind of remarkably inven 
 tive powers, and enjoyed an uncommon facility of graphic 
 composition, no one perhaps will deny who has read the 
 most indifferent of his novels. His faults are equally con 
 spicuous, and among these has been reckoned an extrava 
 gant departure from the realities of every-day life; but 
 from this charge Dr. Griswold relieves him : 
 
 *' It has been said that he outraged the laws of art by gross Im 
 probabilities and inconsistencies, but the most incredible of his in 
 cidents had parallels in true history, and the metaphysical unity 
 and consistency of his novels are apparent to all readers familiar 
 with psychological phenomena. His works, generally written with 
 great rapidity, are incomplete, and deficient in method. He dis 
 regarded rules and cared little for criticism. But his style was 
 clear and nervous, with little ornament, free of affectations, and 
 indicated a singular sincerity and depth of feeling." Griswold's 
 Prose Writers of America : q.v.fora.n interesting review of Brown's 
 literary labours. 
 
 For some years after his death, his novels seem to have 
 been almost forgotten. Mr. Verplanck complained in 1819, 
 " He is very far from being a popular writer. There is no call, 
 as far as we know, for a second edition of any of his works. He is 
 rarely spoken of but by those who have an habitual curiosity about 
 every thing literary, and a becoming pride in all good writing 
 which appears amongst ourselves. They have not met with the 
 usual success of leaders in matters of taste, since, with all their 
 admiration, they have not been able to extend his celebrity much 
 beyond themselves." JV. American Review, ix. 64. 
 
 Eight years after the above was written, an edition of 
 the novels appeared in Boston, in 7 vols. It is well known 
 that Godwin, the Sir Hildebrand Horrible of the English 
 novelists, warmly admired Brown, and acknowledged his 
 obligations to him. Brown in his turn admired, and ap 
 pears to have imitated, portions of Caleb Williams. 
 
 " His talent for stirring the expectation of the reader, and keep 
 ing his anxiety alive from first to last, throughout some hazardous 
 encounter, or mysterious event, can scarcely be paralleled in the 
 history of fiction. . . . Upon the whole, this author may be con 
 sidered as one of the best writers of romantic narrative (we give 
 up character) that the present age has produced. There is scarcely 
 any one, indeed, who is so eloquent as he oftentimes is ; and not 
 one who can excite such breathless apprehension, or so sublime a 
 solitary fact. The only incidents that can be compared to Brown 
 are, the scene under the cliffs in the Antiquary, and that between 
 the two ladies and the panthers in the Pioneers." Vol. ix. 317,1824. 
 
 New ed., Phila., 1857, 6 vols. 12mo. See also Brown's 
 Life prefixed to his novels, ed. 1827, by Wm. Dunlap ; 
 Life, by Wm. H. Prescott, in Spark's Amer. Biog., 1st Ser., 
 1834, 117-180, reprinted in Prescott's Miscellanies, 1855, 
 1-56 ; Lon. Month. Rev., xcix. 151 ; Lon. Retrosp. Rev. ; 
 Amer. Quar. Rev., viii. 312 ; Amer. Whig Rev., vii. 260 ; 
 U.S. Lit. Gaz., vi. 321. 
 
 Brown,David. Works on Hand Writing, 1622, '38, 4to. 
 
 Brown, David, d. 1812, educated at Magdalen Col 
 lege, Cambridge ; Chaplain to the East India Company, 
 1794; Provost of the College of Fort William, 1800. 
 
 Memorial Sketches of, with a selection of his Sermons 
 preached at Calcutta, Lon., 1816, 8vo: edited by the Rev. 
 Charles Simeon. 
 
 " His sermons breathe the true spirit of a Christian Minister; 
 they state in very forcible terms the fundamental doctrines of our 
 holy religion; and they are admirably adapted to stir up in the 
 minds of all who read them, an ardent love to our Saviour, and a 
 holy zeal in his service." REV. CHARLES SIMEON. 
 
 Brown, David. Christ's Second Coming : Will it be 
 Pre-Millennial ? 2d ed. 1847, p. 8vo. 
 
 " A noble defence of precious truth, comprehending a whole li 
 brary of reading, and which, we think, will be the death-blow of 
 the millennian theory." Free Church Mag. 
 
 " Mr. Brown has argumentatively destroyed pre-millennialism, 
 root and branch." Watchman. 
 
 BrOAVn, David, d. 1829, a North American (Cherokee) 
 Indian, assisted John Arch in preparing the Cherokee Spell 
 ing Book, and wrote in 1825 a Letter giving some account 
 of the Cherokees. 
 
 Brown, David Paul, b. in Philadelphia, 1795, ad 
 mitted to the Bar, 1816, contributed in early life to peri 
 odical literature ; wrote Sertorius, or The Roman Patriot, 
 a Tragedy, and The Prophet of St. Paul's, a Melo-Drama, 
 in 1830, (both performed and published;) subsequently 
 composed The Trial ; a Tragedy, and Love and Honour, a 
 Farce ; and, in 1856, pub. The Forum, or Forty Years' 
 Full Practice at the Philadelphia Bar, 2 vols. 8vo. Ex 
 cellent. See Livingston's Biographies ; Reese's Dramatic 
 Authors of America; Walsh's Amer. Quar. Rev.; Chris. 
 Review, July, 1858 ; South. Lit. Mess., July, 1858. Two 
 vols. more of The Forum, and four vols. of Mr. Brown's 
 Speeches, are announced to be published in January, 1859. 
 
 Brown, Edward, Rector of Sundridge, Kent. Fas 
 ciculus Rerum expetendarum et fugiendarum prout ab Or- 
 
BRO 
 
 thuino Gratio editus, Londini, 2 vols. fol.; first pub. at 
 Cologne in 1535, by Orthuinus Gratius. The tracts relate 
 to the Council of Basil, early reformers, and the errors of 
 the Church of Rome. Trans, into English of Father Paul's 
 Letters, with preface., Lon., 1693, Svo. 
 
 Brown, Edward. Descrip. of an Annual World, Ac., 
 1641, Svo. Warning Piece for England, 1643, 4to. 
 
 Brown, Edward, Rector of Langley, Kent. Sermons, 
 1699, 4to. 
 
 Brown, Edward. Travels and Adventures of Ed 
 ward Brown, formerly a Merchant in London, Lon., 1739, 
 Svo. Written by John Campbell, LL.D. 
 
 Brown, Frances, b. 1816, is a native of Stranorlar, 
 county of Donegal, Ireland, where she is known by the 
 name of " The Blind Poetess of Ulster." Lyrics, and Mis 
 cellaneous Poems, Lon., 1847, 12mo. The Star of Atteghgi, 
 and other Poems, Lon., 1844, 12mo. Her poems are much 
 admired. 
 
 " The bard gathers dignity from the darkness amid which she 
 sings, as the darkness itself is lightened by the song," Prrface to 
 vol. pub. in 1844. 
 
 Brown, Francis, D.D., 1784-1820, President of Dart 
 mouth College, a native of New Hampshire, pub. several 
 sermons, 1810-14. 
 
 Brown, George. Arithmetical Treatises, 1700-18. 
 
 Brown, Goold, 1 791-1857, an American grammarian. 
 1. Institutes of English Grammar, N. York, 1823, '32, '46, 
 12mo. 2. First Lines of English Grammar, 1823, '27, 18mo ; 
 1844, 12mo. 3. Grammar of English Grammars, N. York, 
 1850-51, 8vo; 2d ed., 1857, Svo, pp. 1070. Prefixed to 
 this work is a valuable Digested Catalogue of English 
 Grammars and Grammarians, Ac. Other grammatical 
 treatises : vide supra. 
 
 Brown, Henry. Trans, from the Greek of Justin 
 Martyr's Dialogue with Trypho the Jew, 1755, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Brown, Henry. History of Illinois, New York, 
 1844, Svo. 
 
 Brown, Hugh. Principles of Gunnery, Lon., 1777, 4to. 
 
 Brown, Humphrey. The Ox muzzled or Ox-ford 
 dried, or a Vindication of the Churches Rights against her 
 Sacrilegious Enemies, Lon., 1649, 4to. 
 
 Brown, Isaac Baker, Surgeon Accoucheur to St. 
 Mary's Hospital, London. Treatment of Scarlatina, Lon., 
 1846, p. Svo. On some Diseases of Women admitting of 
 Surgical Treatment, 1854, Svo. 
 
 Brown, J. Mathemat Tables; 2d ed., 1808, Svo. 
 
 Brown, J. H. Elements of English Grammar : see 
 GENGEMBRE, P. W. 
 
 Brown, J. Xewton, born in New London, Conn., 1803 ; 
 grad. Hamilton Lit. and Theol. Inst, (now Madison Univ.,) 
 June, 1823. Life and Times of Menno, 18mo, pp. 72, 1853. 
 Baptismal Balance, 18mo, pp. 72, 1853. Baptist Church 
 Manual, 18mo, pp. 26, 1853. Obligation of the Sabbath, 
 (A Discussion with W. B. Taylor,) 18mo, pp. 300, 1853. En 
 cyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Boston, 1835. Apoca 
 lypse, a Poem, 1836. Emily and other Poems, pp. 276, 1840. 
 Practical Works of John Bunyan, 8 vols. 12mo, 1852; 
 with about 150 smaller books, as Editorial Secretary of the 
 Amer. Bap. Pub. Soc. for the last four years. He is now 
 (1858) writing a new History of the Church from a strictly 
 Christian point of view, aiming to unfold its evangelical 
 constitution and spirit impartially through all ages. 
 
 Brown, James. Scripture Redemption, Lon., 1673. 
 
 Brown, James, 1709-1787, originated The Directory, 
 or List of Principal Traders in London, first pub. in 1782. 
 He consigned the project to Kent, the printer, who made 
 a fortune by the annual publication of a similar volume. 
 Brown pub. (anon.) Orations of Isocrates. 
 
 Brown, James, Vicar of Kingston near Taunton, 
 Somersetshire. Funeral Sermon, 1756, Svo. 
 
 Brown, James. The Frolic ; a Play, 1783, Svo. 
 
 Brown, James, Miss'y in the Province of Georgia. 
 The Restitution of all Things, 1785, Svo. Civil Govern 
 ment, 1792, Svo. 
 
 Brown, James, D.D., of Bam well, Northampton 
 shire. An attempt towards an Explanation of the Book 
 of Revelation, Ac., Lon., 1812, Svo. 
 
 Brown, James. Con. to Trans. Hortic. Soc., 1817. 
 
 Brown, James. The Forester; being a Practical 
 Treatise on the Formation, Draining, and Fencing of 
 Plantations ; the Planting, Rearing, and Management of 
 Forest Trees ; the Cutting and Preparation of Wood for 
 Sale ; with an Improved Process for the Transplantation 
 of Trees of large size. A new edition, greatly enlarged, 
 with 109 Illustrations engraved on wood, demy Svo. 
 
 " Beyond all doubt this is the best work on the subject of Fo 
 restry extant." Gardeners' Journal. 
 17 
 
 BRO 
 
 " We can refer to this volume as THE BOOK to be recommended." 
 Lindley's Gardener's Journal. 
 
 Brown, James. Grammatical works, Bost, Salem, 
 and Phila., 1815-41. See Goold Brown's Grammar of 
 Grammars, Cat., xiii. 
 
 Brown, James B. Views of Canada and the Colonists. 
 
 "The intelligence conveyed is not only abundant, but of great 
 value." Church and State Gazette. 
 
 Brown, James Baldwin, LL.D., 1781-1843. Mem. 
 of John Howard, 4to. Studies of First Principles ; with a 
 Preface by the Rev. Thomas Binney, 12mo. 
 
 " A valuable contribution to our higher popular religious library, 
 and an incontestable evidence that the author has a dignified, en 
 larged, and correct appreciation of the Christian economy and life." 
 jAm. Biblical Review. 
 
 Other works, Historical, Biographical, and Poetical. 
 See Bibl. Brit 
 
 Brown, or Browne, John, Surgeon at St. Thomas's 
 Hospital, London. A Complete Treatise of the Muscles, 
 as they appear in the Human Body, and arise in Dissec 
 tion. Illustrated with Copperplates. Lon., 1671, '81, '98, 
 fol. Complete Description of Wounds, both general and 
 practical, 1678, 4to. Other profess, treatises, 1678-1703. 
 
 Brown, John, D.D., a native of Rothbury, in Nor 
 thumberland, was educated at St. John's College, Cam 
 bridge ; obtained the living of Great Horkesley, Essex, 
 1754; Vicar of St. Nicholas, Newcastle, about 1758; com 
 mitted suicide, when insane,1766. Honour, a Poem. Essay 
 on Satire. Two Sermons, 1746, 4to. A Sermon on Gam 
 ing, Ac., preached at Bath, April 22, 1750. In consequence 
 of this sermon, the public gambling tables at Bath were 
 suppressed by the magistracy. Essays on Shaftesbury's 
 Characteristics, Lon., 1751, 8vo : suggested to Brown by 
 Warburton, and to Warburton by Pope, who told Warbur- 
 ton that to his knowledge the Characteristics had done 
 more harm to revealed religion in England than all the 
 other works of infidelity put together. The Essays were 
 so popular that a 5th edit, was pub. in 1764. A Defence 
 of Pitt Letter to Dr. Lowth, 1766, Svo. Diss. on Poetry 
 and Musick, 1763, 4to. Brown pub. a number of other 
 theological and literary works, 1754-66, but the only one 
 which gave him great reputation was An Estimate of the 
 Manners and Principles of the Times, Lon., 1757, Svo. 
 This proved to be one of the most popular treatises ever 
 pub. in the language; no less than seven editions being 
 called for in little more than a year from its appearance. 
 A second vol. was pub. in 1758, and an edition in 3 parts, 
 with an explanatory Defence of it, 1760-61. 
 
 "It was perhaps as extravagantly applauded, and as extrava 
 gantly censured, as any book that was ever written. The design 
 of it was to show that 'a vain, luxurious, and selfish effeminacy, 
 in the higher ranks of life,' marked the character of the age, and 
 to point out the effects and sources of this effeminacy. And it 
 must be owned, that, in the prosecution of it, the author has given 
 abundant proofs of great discernment and solidity of judgment, a 
 deep insight into human nature, and extensive knowledge of the 
 world; and that he has marked the peculiar features of the time 
 with great justice and accuracy." 
 
 He committed suicide, Sept. 23, 1766, in his 51st year. 
 
 Brown, John, 1722-1787, a native of Carpow, county 
 of Perth, Scotland, a schoolmaster and divine at Hadding- 
 ton, attained great distinction by his knowledge of lan 
 guages, acquired by his own industry, without the aid of 
 teachers'. He was acquainted with Latin, Greek, Hebrew, 
 Persian, Syriac, Ethiopic, Arabic, French, Italian, and 
 German. Two Short Catechisms, Edin., 1764 ; Glasg.,1777, 
 12mo. The Christian's Journal, Edin., 1765. Dictionary 
 of the Holy Bible on the plan of Calmet, Lon., 1769, 2 
 vols. Svo ; often reprinted. 
 
 " A useful rather than a profound work ; and has contributed 
 very considerably to disseminate religious information in this 
 country. As it was intended chiefly for common readers, the au 
 thor, though a man of learning, and very general information, pur 
 posely avoided a display of learning." ORME. 
 
 " Allowances being made for some of his sentiments, his work 
 may be advantageously substituted for Calmet's, the price of 
 which necessarily places it above the reach of many persons." 
 
 " A very valuable body of information on divinity." BICKER- 
 
 8TETH. 
 
 Self-Interpreting Bible, Lon., 1791, 2 vols. 4to. Simply 
 an edition of the Scriptures, with many marginal refer 
 ences, short notes, and reflections. 
 
 " An admirable book, either for ministers or families." 
 
 A new edit by Rev. John Barr, with the assistance of 
 the author's son and grandson, was recently pub. by Blackie 
 A Son, Glasgow, and in Lon. in 1838. A General History 
 of the Christian Church to the present Times, Edin., 1771, 
 2 vols. 12mo. A very useful compendium, somewhat on 
 the plan of Mosheim or Lampe. Other theolcgical works. 
 
 Brown, John, d. 1679, of the Scotch Church. Rot 
 terdam* Christ the Way, the Truth, and the Life, Rott, 
 
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 1677, 12mo. Quakerism the Pathway to Paganism, in an 
 swer to R. Barclay's Apology, Edin., 1678, 4to. An Ex 
 planation of the Epistle to the Romans, Edin., 1679, 4to. 
 ' The author was a Calvinist of the old school, a man of learn 
 ing, piety, and good sense. The work is heavy, but valuable; 
 chiefly as a doctrinal and practical exposition." ORME. 
 
 Brown, John, D.D., b. 1785, Whitburn, Linlithgow- 
 shire, Senior Minister of the United Presby. Congr., 
 Broughton Place, Edin., Prof, of Theology, &c., grandson 
 of John Brown of Haddington, has pub. a number of 
 theological works, 1821-52. We notice a few. Expository 
 Discourses on the First Epistle to the Romans ; 2d ed., 
 Edin., 1849, 2 vols. 8vo. Discourses and Sayings of our 
 Lord Jesus Christ; 2d ed., Edin., 1852, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " These volumes add fresh lustre to Dr. Brown's well-deserved 
 reputatirn as a Biblical scholar and practical theologian. They 
 bear the impress of keen critical sagacity, of calm, comprehensive, 
 and independent judgment, of extensive research, of sound exe- 
 getical principles, and of the most devout and loving reverence 
 for Him whose ' Sayings' they illustrate. They are exquisite and 
 exhaustive expositions of the words of our Lord." Eclectic Rev. 
 " A noble work." Free Church Magazine. 
 
 "One of the most valuable expository works in our language." 
 Baptist Magazine. 
 
 An Exposition of our Lord's Intercessory Prayer, Edin., 
 1850, 8vo. Discourses suited to the Administration of the 
 Lord's Supper, Edin., 1823, 12mo. Highly commended. 
 The Resurrection of Life, Edin., 1852, Svo. Expository 
 Lectures on the First Epistle of Peter, 2d ed., 1849, Svo. 
 Of this work, the North British Review says : 
 
 " It is neither Scottish nor German, but sprung from the high 
 and rare union of the best qualities of both schools in a single 
 mind. It has the Scottish clearness, precision, orthodoxy, practi 
 cality; the German learning, minuteness of investigation, and 
 disregard of tradition ; and for certain qualities too rare in both 
 resolute adherence to the very truth of the passage unforced de 
 velopment of the connection, and basing of edification on the right 
 meaning of the Scripture, we have not jnet with any thing in either 
 country that surpasses it." 
 
 The Sufferings and Glories of the Messiah, 1853, Svo. Ex 
 position of the Epistle of Paul to the Galatians, 1853, Svo. 
 Brown, John. Chem. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1722, '24. 
 Brown, John. Sermon, 1758, Svo. On Baptism, 
 1764, Svo. 
 
 Brown, John. The Psalms in Metre, 1775, Svo. The 
 Bible, with Notes, Edin., 1778, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 Brown, John, M.D., 1735-1788, the author of the 
 Brunonian system in Medicine, was a native of Berwick 
 shire. He was placed at school at Dunse, and soon dis 
 tinguished himself by his proficiency in the Greek and 
 Latin classics. He lectured on medicine at Edinburgh, 
 and had his theory of medicine and practice of life been 
 better, nothing could have prevented his attaining to great 
 eminence. His new positions were embodied in Eleinenta 
 Medicinae, in Latin, 1780, Svo. Editio alteram plurimum 
 emendata et integrum demum opus exibens, Edin., 1787, 
 2 vols. Svo ; 1794, Svo. His work has been trans, into 
 many languages. The author pub. an English version, 
 Lon., 1788, 2 vols. Svo ; a new edit, by Dr. Beddoes, 1795, 
 
 2 vols. Svo. Dr. Brown pub. Edin., 1787, Svo, Observa 
 tions on the Principles of the Old System of Physic, ex 
 hibiting a compound of the New Doctrine, Ac. This work 
 contains a violent attack upon Dr. Cullen's doctrine of 
 Spasms. Dr. C. had been a warm friend of Dr. Brown's 
 and dissuaded him from seeking a professorship in one of 
 the colleges of America, which was Brown's favourite 
 scheme. Unfortunately, variance succeeded to friendship 
 A new edit, of Dr. Brown's works was pub. in 1804, Lon. 
 
 3 vols. Svo, by Dr. William Cullen Brown. Mr. Pettigrew 
 proves Brown to have been a better man than the popular 
 estimate of his character would indicate. The Brunonian 
 tl eory has been thus summed up, imperfectly, no doubt : 
 
 " All general or universal diseases were reduced to two greal 
 families or classes, the sthenic and the asthenic ; the former de 
 pending upon excess, the latter upon deficiency, of exciting power 
 The former were to be removed by debilitating, the latter by sti 
 mulant, medicines, of which the most valuable and powerful are 
 brandy and opium." 
 
 The controversy, pro and con., was carried on with grea 
 ardour. So keen became the wordy war at the Royal 
 Medical Society that a number of duels were fought, and a 
 law was passed that no future references should be had to 
 the hostile field. Nor was the war confined to the place 
 of its birth. France, Spain, Italy, Poland, and Russia 
 took up the cudgels ; and in Germany the combat waxed 
 so fierce that the military were obliged to take possession 
 of the University of Gottingen to quell the Brunonians 
 and Anti-Brunonians. See Beddoes's edit, as above ; Pet 
 tigrew; Rees's Encyc. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Brown, John, of Whitburn. Gospel Truth, stated 
 and illustrated by Hog, Boston, E. and R. Erskine, and 
 others; occasioned by the republication of The Marrow 
 
 f Modern Divinity, collected by Rev. J. Brown, 1831, 
 12mo. 
 
 " This book gives a complete history of that important affair 
 known as The Marrow Controversy, which so agitated North Bri- 
 ain in the early part of the last century. It contains also lives of 
 ;he principal Marrow Men, with notices of their works; it is very 
 valuable on this account, as it contains more notices of the class 
 rf books to which it refers than any other book with which we are 
 acquainted." 
 
 Brown, John, D.D., Minister of Langton, Berwick 
 shire. The Testimony of Experience to the Utility and 
 Necessity of Sabbath Schools, Edin., 1826, Svo. 
 
 Brown, John, Vicar of St. Mary's, Leicester. Christ 
 rucified, the only Theme of Gospel Ministration. Visi 
 tation Sermon, 1 Cor. i. 23, Lon., 1841, Svo. 
 
 Brown, John, 1752-1787, a Scotch artist, a native of 
 Edinburgh. Letters on the Poetry and Music of the Italian 
 Opera, 1789, Svo. 
 
 Brown, John. Historical and Genealog. Tree of the 
 Royal Family of Scotland, 1796; new edit., 1811; of the 
 Family of Graham, 1808; Elphinstone, 1808; Macdo- 
 nald, 1810. 
 
 Brown, John, of Great Yarmouth. Treatises on the 
 British Navy, 1806, '07. 
 
 BrOAvn, John. Trans, of Mem. of Prince Staimatoff, 
 1814, 12mo. Psyche, or the Soul, 1S18, 12mo. The 
 Northern Courts ; containing original Memoirs of the So 
 vereigns of Sweden and Denmark since 1776, Lon., 1818, 
 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 A more clumsy and unworkmanlike performance we have 
 seldom witnessed." Lon. Quarterly Review, xix. 380. 
 
 Anecdotes and Characters of the House of Brunswick, 
 1820, Svo. 
 
 Brown, John. Elem. of Eng. Education, 1809, 1 2mo. 
 
 Brown, John. On Mathematical Instruments, 1671, 
 '78, Svo. 
 
 Brown, John, of Biggar. Remarks on the Plans and 
 Publications of Robert Owen, Esq., of New Lanark, 1818. 
 
 Brown, John, d. 1752, aged 46, Minister of Haver- 
 hill, Massachusetts, pub. a Sermon on the Death of Thomas 
 Symmes, 1726. 
 
 Brown, John Aquila. The Even-tide, or Last Tri 
 umph of the Blessed and only Potentate, Lon., 1823, 2 vols. 
 Svo. This work contains a Development of the Mysteries 
 of Daniel and St. John, Ac. 
 
 " New and questionable interpretations; but with many valua 
 ble points." BlCKERSTETH. 
 
 The Jew the Master-key of the Apocalypse, Lon., 1827, 
 Svo. In answer to Frere, Irving, and others. The Mount 
 of Vision, etc., 18mo. A familiar illustration of the pro 
 phecies of Daniel, designed for the young. 
 
 Brown, John P., Dragoman of the Legation of the 
 United States at Constantinople. Trans, of the Turkish 
 Evening Entertainments, Ac., by Ahmed Ben Hemclen, 
 the Kiyaya, New York, 12mo. 
 
 " The historical and amusing interest of the two hundred and 
 seven curiosities, which I might call anecdotes, is obvious. &c." 
 VON HAMMER, the celebrated Orientalist, to the Translator. 
 
 " This book is one of the most interesting and amusing which 
 have appeared." Jour. Asiatiqvt. 
 
 Brown, Rev. John W., 1814-49, an American poet. 
 Christmas Bells, and other Poems, N. York, 12mo. 
 
 Brown, John Wm. Life of Da Vinci, Lon., 1828, Svo. 
 
 Brown, Joseph. Joseph and his Brethren, 1767. 
 
 Brown,Josiah, d. 1793. Legal compilations,1779, Ac. 
 
 Brown, Littleton. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1738. 
 
 Brown, or Browne, Moses, 1703-1787, Vicar of 
 Olney, Bucks. Polidus, a Tragedy. All-bedevilled, a 
 Farce. Poems on Various Subjects, 1773, Svo. An edit 
 of Walton and Cotton's Angler ; with a Preface, Notes, 
 and some valuable Additions, 1750, '59, '72. Sunday 
 Thoughts, 1752, '64, '81. Percy Lodge; a Poem, 1755, 
 4to. Sermons, 1754, '61, '65. Other works. 
 
 Brown, Peter. New Illustrations of Zoology, Lon., 
 1776, 4to. Designed as a supplement to Edwards's Birds. 
 Descriptions mostly written by Pennant. 
 
 Brown, R. Complete Farmer, 1758, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Brown, R. B. Extraordinary Adventures of several 
 famous men, Lon., 1683, 12mo. 
 
 Brown, or Browne, Richard. Medica Musica, 
 Lon., 1674, Svo. Other works, 1678, '92 '94, Svo. 
 
 Brown, Richard. Mod. treatise, Lon., 1730, 4to. 
 
 Brown, Richard, D.D., Canon of Christ Church, 
 and Regius Professor of Hebrew, &c., Oxford. Job's Ex 
 pectation of a Resurrection, 1747, Svo. The Case of 
 Naaman Considered, 1750, Svo. 
 
 Brown, Richard. Principles of Practical Perspec 
 tive, 1815, 4to. Elucidation of Drawing Ornaments, 4to. 
 Rudiments of Drawing Cabinet, Ac., Furniture, 4to. Con. 
 to Phil. Mag., 1816. Treatise on Domestic Architecture, 
 
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 4to. Sacred Architecture, its Rise, Progress, and Present 
 State, r. 4to, 1845, with 63 plates by Adlard. 
 
 " This useful and comprehensive work embraces the Babylonian, 
 Indian, Egyptian, Greek, and Roman Temples, the Byzantine, 
 Saxon, Lombard, Norman, and Italian Churches ; with an Analy 
 tical Inquiry into the Origin, Progress, and Perfection of the Gothic 
 Churches in England; also the Elements of Church Design, Ac." 
 
 " If we were asked, For what class of readers is this very elegant 
 production intended ? our answer would be, For none exclusively, 
 for several beneficially. The bishop and his suffragans the man 
 of education and the rotary of art, may each take useful lessons 
 from it." Colonial Mag. 
 
 Brown, or Browne, Robert, d. 1630, the founder 
 of the Brownists, afterwards called Independents. A 
 Treatise of Reformation without tarrying for any. A Trea 
 tise of the 23d Chapter of St. Matthew. A Book which 
 sheweth the Life and Manners of all true Christians. These 
 three works are contained in a thin quarto vol., pub. at 
 Middleburgh, in 1582. 
 
 Brown, Robert. Death of Charles I., Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Brown, Robert, 1756-1831. Agricult. works, Lon., 
 1799-1816. 
 
 " Mr. Brown's works have been translated into the French and 
 German languages, and he is quoted by all continental writers as 
 an authority." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog., q. v. for an interesting 
 account of Mr. Brown, his farming and his literary labours. 
 
 Brown, Robert. Military works, 1796, '97, Svo. 
 
 Brown, Robert, D.C.L., 1773-1858, b. at Montrose; 
 a distinguished botanist; entered Marischal College, 
 Aberdeen, 1787; studied Medicine at the Univ. of Edin 
 burgh, 1790-94; in 1806, appointed Librarian of Lin- 
 naean Society, and President of the same from 1849 to '53. 
 Contributed an important article On the Asclepiadse ; 
 Trans. Wernerian Soc., 1809. On the Natural Order of 
 Plants called Proteacese; Trans. Linn. Soc., 1810. Pro- 
 dromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen, 
 Lon., 1810, vol. i., Svo. This vol. was suppressed by its 
 author. Editio secunda, curavit C. G. Nees ab Essenbeck, 
 Dr., Norimb., 1827, 8vo. General Remarks, Geographical 
 and Systematical, on the Botany of Terra Australia. 
 1814. 
 
 " Mr. Brown was the first English botanist to write a systematic 
 work of any extent according to the natural method of Jussieu. 
 No one has done more than he to make the method known in 
 England, and, as has been truly observed, ' no one lias done so 
 much in any country to throw light on its intricacies.' "Knight's 
 Eng. Cyc., Div. Biog., vol. i. 
 
 Observations on the Natural Family of Plants called Com- 
 positae; Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. xii. An account of a new 
 genus of plants named Rafflesia; Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. 
 xiii. Brief Account of Microscopical Observations on the 
 Particles contained in the Pollen of Plants, and on the 
 general existence of Active Molecules in Organic and In 
 organic Bodies, 1828, Svo. Botanical Appendices to the 
 Voyages of Ross and Parry to the Arctic Regions, Tuckey's 
 Expedition to the Congo, and Oudney, Denham, and Clap- 
 perton's Explorations of Central Africa. Supplementum 
 Prodromus, 1830. Many of his writings are to be found 
 in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Reports 
 of the British Association, Horsfield's Plantse Javanicse 
 Rariores, <fec. His works prior to 1834 were collected, 
 translated into German, and published in 5 vols. Svo, by 
 Nees von Essenbeck. , 
 
 " Mr. Brown has been termed by Humboldt Botanicorum 
 facile princeps." An ed. of his complete works is much 
 needed, in which would be brought to light for the first 
 time his views in regard to the water-controversy, wherein 
 he favours the claims of Cavendish. See Lon. Athen., 
 July 17, 1858. 
 
 Brown, Robert. Chloris Melvilliana, 1823, 4to. 
 
 Brown, S. Presby. Ch. Government, 1812, 12mo. 
 
 Brown, or Browne, Samuel. The Sum of Chris 
 tian Religion by Way of Catechism, Lon., 1630, Svo. 
 
 Brown,Samuel. Horticult. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1698. 
 
 Brown, Samuel, 1768-1805, a native of Worcester, 
 Massachusetts, pub. a Dissertation on Bilious Malignant 
 Fever, 1797. A Dissertation on Yellow Fever, which re 
 ceived the premium of the Humane Society, 1800, and a 
 Paper on Mercury in Med. Repos., vol. vi. 
 
 Brown, Samuel R., a volunteer in the war of 1812, 
 afterwards editor of The Patriot, printed at Cayuga, New 
 York, pub. A View of the Campaigns of the N. Western 
 Army, 1814. History of the War of 1812, 2 vols. West 
 ern Gazetteer, or Emigrant's Directory, 1817. 
 
 Brown, Sarah. A Medical Letter to a Lady, 1777, Svo. 
 
 Brown, Simon. Discourses, 1722, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Brown, Stafford, Perpetual Curate of Christ Church. 
 Truth on Both Sides; or Can the Believer Finally Fall? 
 Lon., 1848, 12mo. 
 
 " A useful book, with passages of considerable interest" Bri 
 tish Magazine. 
 
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 A most interesting volume, replete with good things well said, 
 forcible, and true." Church and State Gazette. 
 
 Brown, T. Miscellanea Aulica, Lon., 1702, Svo : A 
 Collection of State Treaties. 
 
 Brown, Thomas. Sermon, Oxf., 1634. 
 
 Brown, or Browne, Thomas, d. 1704, commonly 
 called Torn Brown of Facetious Memory, as Addison 
 styles him, was a native of Shropshire, and educated at 
 Christ Church, Oxford. He seems to have had an equal 
 taste for the acquisition of languages and the circulation 
 of indecencies. Among his works are three pieces relative 
 to Dryden, 1688, '89, '90. The Welch Levite tossed in a 
 Blanket, Lon., 1691, fol. Trans, from the French, Lon., 
 1692, '93. The Salamanca Wedding, 1693. Short Epis 
 tles outf of Roman, Greek, and French authors, 1682, Svo. 
 Whole Works, Lon., 1707, '08, 3 vols. Svo. Like most 
 scoffers, upon the approach of death he exhibited great 
 remorse : but what an insecure hope to sinners is a so-called 
 death-bed repentance ! 
 
 " Brown was not a man deficient in literature, nor destitute of 
 fancy ; but he seems to have thought it the pinnacle of excellence 
 to be a ' merry fellow ;' and therefore laid out his powers upon 
 small jests and gross buffoonery, so that his performances havo 
 little intrinsic value, and were read only while they were recom 
 mended by the novelty of the event that occasioned them. What 
 sense or knowledge his works contain is disgraced by the garb in 
 which it is exhibited." DR. JOHNSON: Life of Dryden. 
 
 Brown, Thomas, the Youngest. Intercepted Let 
 ters in the Two Penny Post Bag, Lon., 1812, Svo; many 
 editions. Written by Thomas Moore. 
 
 Brown, Thomas, Fellow of St. John's College, Cam- 
 bridge. The Story of the Ordination of our first Bishops 
 in Q. Elizabeth's Reign at the Nag's Head Tavern in 
 Cheapside, thoroughly examined; and proved to be a late- 
 invented, inconsistent, self-contradicting, and absurd fable. 
 In Answer to Le Quien, and to remarks on Le Courayer, 
 Lon., 1731, Svo. An Answer to a Discourse by Bishop 
 Stillingfleet, the Unreasonableness of a New Separation, 
 Ac., Lon., 1749, Svo. 
 
 Brown, Thomas. The Evangel. Hist, of Christ, 
 1777, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Brown, Thomas. Con. to Mem. Med., 1790. 
 
 Brown, Thomas, Surgeon. An Inquiry relative to 
 Vaccination, Edin., 1809, Svo. Correspondence on same 
 Subject, Lon., 1809. Con. to Med. Com., 1793, '95. An 
 nals of Med., 1797. Phil. Trans., 1778. 
 
 Brown, Thomas. Agricult. of the County of Derby, 
 Lon., 1794, 4to. 
 
 Brown, Thomas, M.D., 1778-1820, one of the most 
 eminent of modern metaphysicians, was the son of the 
 Rev. Samuel Brown, Minister of Kirkmabreck, in the 
 stewartry of Kirkcudbright, Scotland. He was sent to 
 England to school at the age of seven, and returned to 
 Scotland when fourteen. At Edinburgh he applied him 
 self to his studies with great diligence and success. In 
 1796 he commenced the study of the law, but abandoned 
 it for medicine, in which he took a doctor's diploma in 
 1803. In 1806 he entered into copartnership with the 
 celebrated Dr. Gregory. Dugald Stewart, being indis 
 posed in the winter of 1808-09, engaged Dr. Brown to 
 read lectures for him in the Moral Philosophy Class. 
 Brown's success was most decided. He satisfied both 
 himself and his hearers that he had found his proper 
 sphere, and, acting upon this persuasion, in 1810 he re 
 signed his practice, and accepted the appointment of col 
 league to Dugald Stewart in the Chair of Moral Philosophy. 
 His first appearance as an author was in 1798, when he 
 pub. Observations on the Zoonomia of Erasmus Darwin, 
 M.D., Edin., 1798, Svo. 
 
 " The perhaps unmatched work of a boy in the eighteenth year 
 of his age." SIR JAS. MACKINTOSH. 
 
 " This was very favourably received by the public, and exhibited 
 astonishing prematurity of talents and attainments." 
 
 Poems, Edin., 1804, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " A collection which exhibits unquestionable marks of fertility 
 of invention and refinement of taste." 
 
 A Criticism on Charges against Mr. Leslie, 1806, Svo. 
 In 1814 he completed a poem with which he had employed 
 some intervals of leisure for several years. The Paradise 
 of Coquettes, (anon.) A reviewer of note declared this to be 
 
 " By fer the best and most brilliant imitation of Pope that has 
 appeared since the time of that great writer; with all his point, 
 polish, and nicely-balanced versification, as well as his sarcasm 
 and witty malice." 
 
 The War Fiend, 1816. The Wanderer in Norway; a 
 Poem, 1816, Svo. Agnes ; a Poem, 1818, Svo. Emily and 
 other Poems, 2d edit., 1818, Svo. But Dr. Brown's great 
 work was Observations on the Nature and Tendency of 
 Mr. Howe's Doctrine concerning the Relation of Cause 
 and Effect, Edin., 1804, Svo; 2d edit., 1806; 3d edit, 
 
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 greatly enlarged and improved, 1818. The merit of this 
 work is too well known to render any detailed account of j 
 it necessary. See Welsh's life of Brown, Edin., 1825. 8vo. 
 
 " His first tract on Causation appeared to me the finest model of j 
 discussion in Mental Philosophy since Berkeley and Hume; -with 
 this superiority over the latter, that its aim is that of a philosopher 
 who seeks to enlarge knowledge, not that of a skeptic, the most 
 illustrious of whom have no better end than that of displaying 
 their powers in confounding and darkening every truth; so that 
 their very happiest efforts cannot be more leniently described than 
 as brilliant fits of debauchery." SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH : 2d Pre 
 lim. Diss. in Encyd. Brit. 
 
 " Neither Bacon, nor Hobbes, nor Berkeley, nor Locke, possessed 
 powers of mind so splendid and so various. Brown is, beyond 
 comparison, the most eloquent of philosophic writers. So much 
 power and delicacy of intellect were never before united in an in 
 dividual." Taifs Magazine. 
 
 " This is a book of great power. Before Dr. Brown wrote, we 
 were confessedly all in the dark about causation. If ever there 
 was a system which deserved the appellation of intelligible, com 
 pact, consistent, simple, this is the one." N. American Review. 
 
 After Dr. Brown's decease appeared his Lectures on the 
 Philosophy of the Human Mind, Edin., 1820, 4 vols. Svo; 
 reprinted by Welsh in 1828, 1 -vol. 8vo, with an Index and 
 Memoir. Of this excellent work many editions have been 
 pub. in Great Britain and America. 
 
 " An inestimable book." DR. PARR. 
 
 " It would be unjust to censure severely the declamatory parts 
 of his Lectures ; they are excusable in the first warmth of com 
 position. They might even be justifiable allurements in attracting 
 young hearers to abstruse speculations. . . The prose of Dr. Brown 
 is brilliant to excess. . . It is darkened by excessive brightness ; 
 it loses ease and liveliness by over-dress ; and, in the midst of its 
 luxurious sweetness, we wish for the striking and homely illustra 
 tions of Tucker, and for the pithy and sinewy sense of Paley." 
 SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH. 
 
 " The style is so captivating, the views so comprehensive, the 
 arguments so acute, the whole thing so complete, that I was al 
 most insensibly borne along upon the stream of his reasoning and 
 his eloquence. In the power of analysis he greatly transcends all 
 philosophers of the Scottish school who preceded him." MoreU's 
 History of Modern Philosophy. 
 
 Brown, Thomas. Biblical Commentary on the Gos 
 pels and Acts, adapted especially for Preachers and Stu 
 dents, by Hermann Olshausen, D.D., Professor of Theology 
 in the University of Erlangen. Trans, by the Rev. Thomas 
 Brown, <fec. In 4 vols. 8vo, forming vols. v., x., xvi. and 
 xix. of Clark's Foreign Theological Library. 
 
 " Olshausen's Commentaries are perhaps the most valuable con 
 tribution to the interpretation of Scripture that have made their 
 way to us from Germany. Minute and accurate, yet comprehen 
 sive and full, they are most helpful in guiding to the right under 
 standing of Scripture. They are scholar-like in their execution, 
 sounder in their doctrinal views than most German expositions, 
 and elevated in then- tone. There is often an air of poetic beauty 
 thrown over passages which attracts and rivets." Quarterly Jour 
 nal of Prophecy. 
 
 Other works of this distinguished divine are pub. in the 
 same series T. <fc L. Clark's (Edinburgh) Foreign Theo 
 logical Library. 
 
 " From the highly evangelical tone which in general pervades 
 Olshausen's Commentaries, he may be regarded, in most cases, as 
 a safe guide to the student who is just entering on the critical 
 study of the New Testament." Evangelical Mag. : notice of his 
 Commentary on the Romans. Trans, by clergymen of the Church of 
 England; vol. xiii. of Clark's For. Theol. Library. 
 
 His Commentary on the Epistles to the Galatians, Ephe- 
 eians, Colossians, and Thessalonians, trans, by a clergy 
 man of the Church of England, forms vol. xxi. in Clark's 
 For. Theol. Library ; and vol. xxiii. contains Commentary 
 on the Epistles to the Philippians, to Titus, and the first to 
 Timothy j in Continuation of the work of Olshausen. 
 Lie. August Wiesinger. Trans, by Rev. John Fulton. 
 
 "Olshausen is a patient and learned writer, and evinces con 
 siderable moderation and reverence of tone." English Review. 
 
 " Olshausen's mind is of the family of Augustine. His admi 
 rable Commentary on the New Testament is of inestimable benefit 
 to the student, nay, to every thoughtful reader of the Bible." 
 ARCHDEACON HARE. 
 
 Our readers will perceive that although our Home Regu 
 lations forbid us to introduce foreigners as such into our 
 Domestic Republic of Letters, yet we take the liberty of 
 occasionally naturalizing a worthy stranger by smuggling 
 him under an English flag. 
 
 Brown, Captain Thomas. Popular Natural His 
 tory, of the Characteristics of Animals portrayed in a 
 series of illustrative Anecdotes, 1848, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " An immense fund of agreeable and useful reading, well fitted 
 to interest as well as to instruct youth." Nottingham Journal. 
 
 Biographical Sketches and Authentic Anecdotes of Dogs 
 
 "If any one wishes to entertain enlarged and enlightened opi 
 nions regarding this noble class of animals, k-t him peruse these 
 Biographical Sketches, and Authentic Anecdotes. He will here 
 find, besides a mass of highly useful and delightful information 
 regarding the natural history and habits of every species of dog 
 upwards of two hundred and twenty anecdotes, illustrative of 
 
 their dispositions, and all of the most entertaining kind." Edin 
 burgh Literary Journal. 
 
 Book of Butterflies, Moths, and Sphinges, 3 vols. 18mo, 
 1834. 
 
 " This is a delightful work, with no fewer than 144 engravings, 
 coloured after nature ; and, both by the style of its scientific de 
 scriptions, and its general arrangements, well calculated to con 
 vey ideas at once correct and popular." 
 Other works. 
 
 Brown, or Browne, William. Formulae Bene 
 Placitandi, Lon., 1671, fol. Other legal text-books, 
 1678-1706. 
 
 Brown, William. Reports of Cases in Chancery 
 from 1778 to 1785, Lon., 1785, fol. Reports in Chancery 
 from 1778 to 1794 ; 1785-89, 4 vols. fol. ; 5th edit., with 
 mprovements by Robert Belt, Lon., 1820, 4 vols. r. 8vo. 
 First American, from the fifth London edition, by Hon. 
 J. C. Perkins, Boston, 1844, 4 vols. Svo. 
 
 From my knowledge of Mr. Perkins, as a well-read and exact 
 awyer, eminently fitted for the work, I anticipated a rich contri- 
 Dution to the stock of our Equity Jurisprudence. I have ex 
 amined his Notes with some care, and find my expectations more 
 than realized." SIMON GREENLEAF. 
 
 The cases referred to by 31 r. Brown are generally considered 
 as too shortly taken ; but that may be accounted for by the very 
 brief and concise manner in which Lord Thurlow generally pro 
 nounced his decrees, seldom giving his reasons for his decisions." 
 Brown, William, M.D. Med. Essays, Edin., 1794- 
 1812. 
 
 Brown, William. History of the Propagation of 
 Christianity among the Heathen since the Reformation, 
 1814, 2 vols. Svo. Robert Millar pub. a similar work, 
 Edin., 1723, 2 vols. Svo, and Lon., 1831. 
 
 Brown, William, D.D., of Eskdale Muir. Antiqui 
 ties of the Jews, compiled from authentic sources, and 
 their Customs illustrated from Modern Travels, with Plans 
 of the Temple, 1820, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 The most elaborate system of Jewish Antiquities extant intha 
 English language." HORNE. 
 
 " This is decidedly the best compendium of Jewish Antiquities 
 that has yet appeared in the English language. It contains many 
 beautiful and just illustrations of Holy Scripture." DR.E."\VILLIAMS. 
 For a very favourable notice of this work, see Christian 
 Remembrancer, June, 1820. 
 
 Brown, William, of Enfield. XL. Plain and Prac 
 tical Sermons, Westley, 1821-26, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " The style in which these discourses are composed, will render 
 them particularly acceptable to families of respectability, while 
 their simplicity will make them intelligible to servants and per 
 sons of inferior education." Congregational Magazine. 
 
 Brown, William Cullen, M.D. Institutions of 
 the Practice of Medicine ; trans, from the Latin of Bur- 
 serius, Lon., 1800-03, 5 vols. Svo. The Medical Works 
 of Dr. John Brown, with a biog. account of the author, 
 1804, 3 vols. 8vo, (q. v.) A View of the Navy, Army, 
 and Private Surgeon, 1814, Svo. 
 
 Brown, William Hill, d. 1793, at Murfreesborough, 
 North Carolina, aged 27, wrote a tragedy founded on the 
 death of Andre, and a Comedy. His Ira and Isabella was 
 pub. in 1807. 
 
 Brown, or Browne, William Laurence, 1755- 
 1830, a native of Utrecht, became minister of the English 
 church there, 1778; removed to Scotland, 1795, appointed 
 Professor of Divinity at Aberdeen, and afterwards Prin 
 cipal of Marischal College. An Essay on the Folly of 
 Skepticism, Lon., 1788, Svo. This work obtained the gold 
 medal of the Teylerian Society at Haarlem in 1786, and 
 was originally printed in the Memoirs of that Society. 
 An Essay on the Existence of a Supreme Creator, Aber 
 deen, 1816, 2 vols. Svo. To this Essay was awarded Mr. 
 Burnet's first prize, 1250, at Aberdeen, August 4, 1815. 
 Prefixed is a memoir relating to the founder of the prizes. 
 The second prize was awarded to Dr. Sumner's Records 
 of Creation. Eighteen Sermons, Edin., 1803, Svo. 
 
 "The style of these discourses is easy, flowing, and dignified; 
 it never sinks to meanness ; it is never turgid ; the author states 
 his sentiments with precision, and enforces them with animation." 
 Edin. Review. 
 
 This distinguished divine pub. several sermons sepa 
 rately, and some other treatises. 
 
 Brown, William R. H. Golden Lane Brewery 
 Case, 1812. 
 
 Brown is often confounded with Browne, the more 
 
 ancient spelling. In this matter the best authorities vary. 
 
 We have taken much pains to make a proper distribution. 
 
 Browne, Alexander. Works on Drawing, 1675, Ac. 
 
 Browne, Andrew, a Scotch physician of the 17th 
 
 century, pub. The New Cure of Fevers, Edin., 1691, Svo. 
 
 Bellum Medicinale, 1699, Svo. Vindic. of Sydenham's 
 
 Method of curing continued Fevers, Lon., 1700, Svo. Cold 
 
 Baths, 1707. Institutions of Physick, 1714, Svo. 
 
 1 Browne, Arthur, d. 1773, aged 73, an Episcopal clcr- 
 
BRO 
 
 BRO 
 
 gyman at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, was a native of 
 Ireland, and a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin. He 
 pub. several sermons, 1738-57, and Remarks on Mayhew's 
 Reflections on the Church of England, 1763. His grand 
 son, ARTHUR BROWNE, will claim our notice hereafter. 
 
 Browne, Arthur. A Short View of the first Princi 
 ples of the Differential Calculus, Lon., 1825, 8vo. This is 
 a commentary on the first two or three chapters of the 
 Theorie des Fonctions. 
 
 Browne, Arthur, d. 1805, son of Marmaduke Browne, 
 rector of Trinity Church, Newport, Rhode Island, and 
 grandson of the Rev. ARTHUR BROWNE, (see ante,) in his 
 boyhood attended the school established by Dean (after 
 wards Bishop) Berkeley at Newport. Arthur went to Ire 
 land in 1771 or 1772, and during the remainder of his life 
 was connected with Trinity College, Dublin, as Professor 
 of Civil Law. He also represented the University in the 
 Irish House of Commons. As a professor, it has been de 
 clared that he was the " idol of the students." A Brief 
 View of the Question whether the Articles of Limerick 
 have been violated? Dublin, 1788, 8vo. 
 
 "Great stress having been laid by the Roman Catholics of Ire 
 land on the privileges secured to them by the articles of Limerick, 
 (of which they charge the penal laws they have lived under to have 
 been violations,) the author of this well-written tract enters into an 
 examination of these articles." Vide Lon. Mouth. Rev., 1778. 
 
 A Compendious View of the Civil Law, and of the Law 
 of the Admiralty ; being the substance of a course of Lec 
 tures read in the University of Dublin, Dubl., 1797-98, 
 2 vols. 8vo ; 2d edit, 1802 ; repub. in New York, 1840, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "The author has followed Blackstone's Commentaries in the 
 order of treating his subject, His work has been deservedly po 
 pular, both on account of the learning, solidity, and accuracy of 
 its research, and because it is the best book in the language show 
 ing the connexion between the Common and the Civil Law. . . ^ 
 It is often cited, and always with respect." Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 See notice in Lon. Monthly Review for 1799. Miscel 
 laneous Sketches, or Hints for Essays, 1798, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 The style of Montaigne seems to have been kept in view 
 in the composition of these Essays. Compendious View of 
 the Ecclesiastical Law of Ireland, <fcc. : to which is added, 
 A Sketch of the Practice of the Ecclesiastical Courts, 1803, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " His great powers of mind he improved by incessant study, 
 and by intercourse with the most distinguished scholars and the 
 most able and virtuous statesmen of his day." 
 
 Browne, Charles. Two sermons, 1740, 4to. 
 
 Browne, Danl. Jay, born 1804, N. Hampshire, son 
 of a farmer. He devoted several years of his life to the 
 study and investigation of Agriculture, Natural History, 
 and resources of North and South America, W. Indies, 
 Europe, and Western Africa. Served ten years as civil 
 engineer on the public works of the U. S. and Prussia, and 
 subsequently had charge of the Agricultural Dept. of the 
 U. S. Patent-office. Sylva Americana. Trees of America. 
 Entomological Encyclopedia. Tables for computing Inte 
 rest, Exchanges, and Annuities. Treatise on Maize. Ame 
 rican Poultry Yard. American Bird Fancier. Muck Book. 
 Letters from the Canary Islands, <fec. Editor of the Na 
 turalist, and contrib. to various Agricultural Journals. 
 
 Browne, Edward. Legacies of Sir James Cambel, 
 Lon., 1642, sm. 8vo. 
 
 Browne, Edward, M.D., 1644-1708, Physician to 
 Charles II., and President of the London College of Phy 
 sicians, the eldest son of the celebrated Sir Thomas Browne, 
 was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and Merton 
 College, Oxford. Several of his papers will be found in 
 Phil. Trans., 1670, '74, '81, <fcc. He is best known by A 
 Brief Account of Travels in Hungary, Servia, &c., Lon., 
 1673, 4to ; 2d edit, (with additions) entitled Account of 
 Travels through a great part of Germany and the Low 
 Countries, Ac., 1677, 4to ; 3d edit, (with further additions) 
 entitled Travels in Hungary, Servia, An., 1685, fol. Tra 
 vels containing his Obs. on France and Italy, &c., 1763, 
 2 vols. 12mo. Trans, of a Discourse of the Original Coun- 
 trey, <fcc. of the Cossacks, Lon., 1672, I2mo. His travels 
 in Hungary, Ac. have been highly commended by some 
 authorities, and but little esteemed by others. 
 
 " The author has showed himself excellently qualified for a tra 
 veller by this ingenious piece, in which he has omitted nothing 
 worthy the observation of so curious a person, having spent much 
 of his time in the discovery of European rarities." Introduc. to 
 vol. 1st of ChurchUVs Voyages; " either written by, or at least un 
 der the direction of, the famous Mr. Locke." Biog. Brit. 
 
 Dr. Johnson states that he had heard Browne's book 
 highly commended by a learned traveller, who had visited 
 many places after him ; upon which the doctor remarks, 
 
 " But, whatever it may contribute to the instruction of a natu 
 ralist, I cannot recommend it as likely to give much pleasure to 
 common readers." Life of Sir Thomas Browne. 
 
 Dr. Johnson expresses a regret, in which we can all 
 sympathize, that Sir Thomas Browne has left us no ac 
 count of his travels. 
 
 " A book extravagantly and absurdly praised in the Biographia 
 Britannica. His travels yield some information to naturalists, but 
 little to the philosophical or common reader." Chalmers'sBiog.Dict. 
 
 " Natural history, the mines, mineral waters, as well as manners 
 and customs, are described in this work, which bears a good cha 
 racter." STEVENSON : Voyages and Travels. 
 
 Dr. Browne, like his celebrated father, was distinguished 
 for scholarship : 
 
 " He was acquainted with Hebrew, was a critic in Greek, and no 
 man of his age wrote better Latin. German, Italian, French, Ac., 
 he spoke and wrote with as much ease as his mother tongue. 
 Physic was his business, and to the promotion thereof all his other 
 acquisitions were referred. King Charles said of him that ' he was 
 as learned as any of the college, and as well-bred as any at court.' " 
 
 Browne, Edward Harold, Norrisian Prof, of Di 
 vinity, Univ. of Cambridge. Expos, of the 39 Articles, 
 Lon., 1850, 2 vols. 8vo; 4th ed., 1858, 8vo. Fulfilment of 
 the 0. T. Prophecies relating to the Messiah, Camb., 1836, 
 8vo. This dissertation took the Norrisian Medal for 1835. 
 
 Browne, Felicia Dorothea. See HEMANS. 
 
 Browne, Francis, D.D., Canon of Windsor. Ser 
 mon, Prov.xxix. 25, 1712, 4toj on 2 Cor. v. 10, 1724, 4to. 
 
 Browne, George, d. about 1560 ? consecrated Arch 
 bishop of Dublin in 1535, was, according to Wood, origi 
 nally "an Austin frier of the Convent of that order in 
 London, and educated in academicals among those of his 
 order in Oxon." He was the first bishop that embraced and 
 promoted the Reformation in Ireland. Historical Collec 
 tions of the Church of Ireland, Lon., 1681, 4to. Reprinted 
 in vol. 1st of the Phenix, and in Harleian Miscellany, vol. 
 5th. See Strype's Memorials of Archbishop Cranmer. 
 
 Browne, Henry. Hand-Book of Hebrew Antiqui 
 ties, Lon., 12mo. Ordo Saeculorum : Chronology of the 
 Scriptures, Oxford, 8vo. 
 
 Browne, Hyde Mathis. The Apothecary's Vade 
 Mecum, &c., Lon., 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Browne, Isaac Hawkins, 1705-1760, a native of 
 Burton-upon-Trent, Staffordshire, was educated at West 
 minster school, and at Trinity College, Cambridge. He 
 settled at Lincoln's Inn about 1727, and applied himself 
 with great diligence to the study of the Law. Highmore, 
 the painter, was his particular friend, and he addressed to 
 him his poem on Design and Beauty. 
 
 " In this, one of the longest of his poems, he shows an exten 
 sive knowledge of the Platonic philosophy; and pursues, through 
 the whole, the idea of beauty advanced by that philosophy. By 
 design is here meant, in a large and extensive sense, that power 
 of genius which enables the real artist to collect together his scat 
 tered ideas, to range them in proper order, and to form a regular 
 plan before he attempts to exhibit any work in architecture, paint 
 ing, or poetry." Preface, to his Poems, pub. in 1768. 
 
 The Pipe of Tobacco, also written whilst of Lincoln's 
 Inn, is an excellent imitation of Gibber, Ambrose Philips, 
 Thomson, Young, Pope, and Swift, who were then all 
 living. 
 
 " We need not say that the peculiar manner of these several 
 writers is admirably hit off by our author, and that he hath shewn 
 himself to have possessed an excellent imitative genius. Indeed, 
 nothing but a wide spirit of discrimination, and a happy talent 
 at various composition, could have enabled him to have succeeded 
 so well as he hath done in The Pipe of Tobacco." Ibid. 
 
 In 1754 he pub. his principal work, a Latin poem, enti 
 tled De Animi Immortalitate, in two books, 4to. This 
 poem excited great admiration. In a few months trans 
 lations into English were pub. by Dr. Richard Grey, Mr. 
 Hay, John Lettice, and others. A trans, (the best made) 
 by Soame Jenyns will be found in his Miscellanies, Lon., 
 1770, 8vo. Mr. Browne intended to have added a third 
 book, but did not complete his design. 
 
 " In these three books he purposed to carry natural religion as 
 fer as it would go, and in so doing, to lay the true foundation of 
 Christianity, of which he was a firm believer. But he went no 
 farther than to leave a fragment of the third book, enough to 
 make us lament that he did not complete the whole. . . . Not to 
 mention the usefulness and importance of the subject, every man 
 of taste must feel that the poem is admirable for its perspicuity, 
 precision, and order; and that it unites the philosophical learning 
 and eloquence of Cicero, with the numbers and much of the poe 
 try of Lucretius and Virgil." Biog. Brit. 
 
 " I am better pleased, when I consider the nature of the subject, 
 with that neatness and purity of diction which is spread over the 
 whole, than I should have been had more poetical ornaments been 
 bestowed upon it." DR. GREEN, Bishop of Lincoln. 
 
 " I need not enter into a detail to show how well you have fol 
 lowed, not servilely imitated, Lucretius and Virgil ; how perspi 
 cuously, as well as elegantly, you have handled some of the ab- 
 strusest arguments, &c." Letter to Browne, from the celebrated 
 James Harris. 
 
 Dr. Beattie, in his Essay on the Utility of Classical 
 Learning, thus refers to our author : 
 
 "Isaac Hawkins Browne, Esq., author of several excellent 
 Poems, particularly one in Latin on the immortality of the soul; 
 
BRO 
 
 of which Mrs. Carter justly says, that it does honour to our coun 
 try." 
 
 Barnard, Cambridge, Upton, and Hoadly, all celebrated 
 the praise of the successful poet. Browne's Latin and 
 English poems were pub. Lon., 1768, 8vo ; Essays on Me 
 taphysics, Morals, and Keligion, 1816, 8vo. Browne was 
 elected to Parliament in 1744 and 1748. His success as 
 an orator may be judged of from the following extract 
 from Boswell's Johnson : 
 
 " We talked of public speaking. JOHNSON : ' We must not esti 
 mate a man's powers by his not being able to deliver his senti 
 ments in public. Isaac Hawkins Browne, one of the first wits of 
 this country, got into Parliament, and never opened his mouth.' " 
 Yet the difference between the famous Parliamentary 
 orator, Gerard Hamilton, and the taciturn Isaac, was little 
 more than one speech ! 
 
 Browne, J. Masonic Master Key through the three 
 degrees, 1803. 
 
 Browne, J. D. Views of Ascent and from Summit 
 of Mont Blanc, Lon., fol., 2 2. 
 
 Browne, J. H., Archdeacon of Ely. Inquiry into 
 
 the Character of Antichrist, 12mo. Letters to Archd. 
 
 Wilkins. on Body and Soul ; 3d edit., 1824, 12mo. Charges 
 
 to the Archdeaconry of Ely, 1826-41. 
 
 " Those hitherto published have been very valuable." BICKER- 
 
 STETH. 
 
 Browne, J. Ross. 1. Etchings of a Whaling Cruise. 
 With an Account of a Sojourn on the Island of Zanzibar. 
 With numerous Plates, 8vo, Lon. and N. York. 
 
 " Into the personal narrative with which the writer of this book, 
 who is an American, has chosen to favour the world, we shall not 
 enter. He gives a strange account of the circumstances which led 
 to his voyage and the antecedents of his life. Suffice it that his 
 book is a lively, clever, and readable one." Lon. Morning Chron. 
 2. Crusade in the East ; a Narrative of Personal Adven 
 tures and Travels, N. York, 12mo. 
 
 Browne, James, b. about 1616, was entered of Oriel 
 College, Oxford, in 1634. Antichrist in Spirit ; animad 
 verted on by George Fox in his book. The Great Mystery 
 of the Great Whore Unfolded, Lon., 1659, fol. Scripture 
 Redemption freed from Men's Eestrictions, Lon., 1673. 
 The Substance of several Conferences about the death of 
 our Redeemer, Ac., 
 
 " In the title of which he says that he was now (1673) a preacher 
 of the faith which once he destroyed." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Wood refers to his erroneous opinions when a chaplain 
 in the parliament army, and gives us to understand that, 
 like most men unsettled in their views, he was in the habit 
 of troubling others of more stability : 
 
 " He took all occasions to disturb orthodox men with his dis 
 putes. But after the return of Charles I. he changed his mind, 
 and became orthodox, and so continued, as I presume, to the time 
 of his death." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Browne, James. History of the Highlands and the 
 Highland Clans, Lon., 1848, 4 vols. 8vo, and r. 8vo. 
 
 "This complete and comprehensive work contains most inte 
 resting and authentic accounts of the aboriginal Highland Tribes, 
 the Pictish and Scoto-Irish Kings, early civilization, antiquities, 
 poetry, superstitions, language, music, domestic manners and 
 habits, dress, institution of chiefs, national characteristics, &c." 
 
 " No other work exists in which the subject of the Highlands 
 and Highland Clans is treated of in all its branches, or to which 
 reference may conveniently be made for information respecting 
 them in an agreeable, elegant, and accessible form. His late ma 
 jesty was pleased to allow access, for the first time, to the STUART 
 PAPERS, for the use of the author in preparing this NATIONAL 
 WORK." See LOGAN, JAMES. 
 
 A Life of Petrarch in 7th edit, of Encyc. Brit. 
 " Evincing critical discrimination and learned research of the 
 highest order." Metropolitan Conservative Journal. 
 
 History of Newspapers ; in 7th edit. Encyc. Brit. 
 " It contains the latest and fullest information we have me1 
 with on this subject, and will be read with interest and profit by 
 all who have occasion to prosecute inquiries upon it." Carlisle 
 (England) Journal. 
 
 Browne, John. The Marchants Avizo, Lon., 1589, 
 4to ; reprinted, 1616, 4to. 
 
 " Not noticed by Ames or Herbert."*-LowNDES. 
 Browne, John. Ordinary Joint Rule, Lon., 1686. 
 Browne, John. History and Antiquities of York 
 Cathedral, Lon., 2 vols. r. 4to, 8 18*. 6d. 
 
 Browne, John, of Crewkerne, Somerset, a boy of 12 
 years of age. Poetical Translations from various Authors. 
 Pub. by Mr. Ashe, Lon., 1788, 4to. 
 
 We have observed, in several places, a freedom of translation 
 and an expansion of thought, rarely to be met with in so young 
 a writer, and which we should have ascribed to Mr. Ashe's touch 
 ing up the MSS., had he not assured us (and we do not question 
 his veracity) that they are the genuine production of Master John 
 Browne, a youth but 12 years old! I !" Lon. Monthly Jievifw, 1788 
 Browne, John, Rector of Beeby, Leicestershire. 
 The Divine Authority of the Christian Religion, eight ser 
 mons preached 1730, '31, at Lady Moyer's Lecture, Lon., 
 1732, 8vo. Other Sermon?, 1721-35. 
 Browne, John. Universal Redemption, Lon., 1798. 
 
 BRO 
 
 Browne, John, late Fellow of C. C. C., Oxford. 
 Sermons on the Infancy of Human Nature, preached 1806, 
 at the Bampton Lecture, Oxf., 1809, 8vo. 
 
 " Through the several dispensations of God towards mankind, 
 larmony, order, and proportion will be found to have character 
 ized all the ODerations of his power." 
 
 Browne, John, Curate of Trinity Church, Chelten 
 ham. 23 Sermons, Lon., 1836, 8vo. 
 
 Browne, John Samuel. Catalogue of English 
 Bishops from 1688 to the present time, Lon., 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Broivne, Joseph, M.D. Lecture of Anatomy against 
 the Circulation of the Blood, Lon., 1698, 1701, 4to. The 
 Modern Practice of Physic Vindicated, 1703, '04, '05, 12mo. 
 Fundamentals in Physick, 1709, 12mo. Institutions of 
 Physick, 1714, 8vo. Practical Treatise on the Plague, 
 1720, 8vo. Antidotaria, or a Collection of Antidotes 
 against the Plague and other Malignant Diseases, 1721, 8vo. 
 
 Browne, Joseph, D.D., 1700-1767, Provost of 
 Queen's College, Oxford, a native of Cumberland, pub. in 
 1726 from the University press, a " most beautiful edition" 
 of Cardinal Barberini's Latin Poems, with notes and a life 
 of the author, (afterwards Pope Urban VIII.,) and a dedi 
 cation to his friend Edward Hassel, Esq., of Dalemain. 
 
 Browne, M. C. A Leaf out of Burke's Book, 1796, 8vo. 
 
 Browne, Maria J. B., a native of Northampton, 
 Massachusetts, has pub. several volumes for the young, 
 Margaret McDonald, 1848; Laura Huntley, 1850, Ac. 
 and contributed a number of articles to periodicals. See 
 Hart's Female Prose Writers of America, 1855. 
 
 Browne, Mary Anne, 1812-1844, a native of Maiden 
 head, Berkshire, England, published poetry which did her 
 great credit at the Dearly age of 15. Her first work was 
 Mont Blanc ; she afterwards gave to the world, Ada, Re 
 pentance, The Coronal, Birthday Gift, Ignatia, a vol. of 
 sacred poetry, and many fugitive pieces in prose and 
 verse. In 1842 she was married to James Gray, a Scotch 
 gentleman, a nephew of Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd. She 
 died at Cork in 1844. 
 
 "Her style is modelled on the manner of the old bards; and 
 though her poetry never reaches the height she evidently sought 
 to attain, it is excellent for its pure taste and just sentiment; 
 while a few instances of bold imagination show vividly the ardour 
 of a fancy which prudence and delicacy always controlled." 
 Mrs. Halt's Records of Women. 
 
 Browne, Mathias. Opinions of Philosophers con 
 cerning Man's Chiefest Good, 1659, 8vo. 
 
 Browne, Patrick, b. about 1720-1790, a native of 
 Woodstock, county of Mayo, Ireland. The Civil and 
 Natural History of Jamaica, Lon., 1756, fol., and 1789, 
 fol. This valuable work was reviewed in the Literary 
 Magazine by Dr. Samuel Johnson. A New Map of Ja 
 maica, Lon., 1755, 2 sheets. By this map the doctor made 
 a profit of 400 guineas. A Catalogue of the Birds of Ire 
 land; pub. in Exshaw's Mag., June, 1774; and in the 
 August number was pub. a Catalogue of the Fish of Ire 
 land. The doctor visited Jamaica, Antigua, and other 
 islands, for the purpose of "collecting and preserving 
 specimens of the plants, birds, shells, <fcc. of those luxu 
 riant soils, with a view to the improvement of natural 
 history." 
 
 Browne, Peter, d. 1735, a native of Ireland, was at 
 first Provost of Trinity College, Dublin, and afterwards 
 Bishop of Cork. A Letter in Answer to Toland's Chris 
 tianity not Mysterious, Lon., 1697, 8vo. The Progress, 
 Extent, and Limits of the Human Understanding, Lon., 
 1728, 8vo. Of Drinking in Remembrance of the Dead, 
 Lon., 1715, 8vo. Of this custom the bishop highly disap 
 proved. Discourse of Drinking Healths, Lon., 1716. 
 Things Divine and Supernatural, <fcc., Lon., 1733, 8vo. 
 Sermons, 1749, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "Levelled principally against the Socinians; written in a manly 
 and easy style, and much admired." 
 
 Browne, Peter Arrell, LL.D., b. 1782, at Phila 
 delphia. 1. Reports of Cases in the Court of Common 
 Pleas of the First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, Phila., 
 1811, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Trichologia Mammalium; or, A 
 Treatise on the Organization and Uses of Hairs and Wool, 
 1853. 3. Notices and Anecdotes of the Bench and Bar of 
 Penna. from 1609, MS. 
 
 Browne, Philip, Vicar of Halsted, Essex. Sermons, 
 1682, '84, 4to. 
 
 Browne, Rev. R. W., Professor of Classical Litera 
 ture in King's College, London. History of Greek and 
 Roman Classical Literature, Lon., 1851-53, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 History of Greece, 18mo; of Rome, 18mo ; pub. in Gleig's 
 School Series. History of Rome to the Death of Domitian, 
 p. 8vo. Soc. P. C. K. Classical Examination Papers, King's 
 College, 8vo. 
 " Mr. Browne's History of G reek Classical Literature is in advance 
 
BRO 
 
 of every thing we have, and it may be considered indispensable to 
 the classical scholar and student." PROF. J. A. SPEXCER, N. York. 
 
 Professors Griffin of Williams College, Hyde of Burling 
 ton College, and Harrison of the University of Virginia, 
 also highly commend this work. 
 
 Browne,Robert. Treatises on Longitude, <tc,1714,'36. 
 
 Browne, Robert. System of Theology, revealed from 
 God by the Angels, in the British language, Lon., 1728, 8vo. 
 
 Browne, Robert. Peach and Nectarine Trees, 1787. 
 
 Browne, Rowland J. A Practical Treatise on Ac 
 tions at Law, Lon., 1843, 8vo. 
 
 " A full, accurate, and useful treatise." Marvin's Legal Bill. 
 
 Browne, Sam. Collection of Merry Jokes, with the 
 curious story of the unfortunate French Pastry-Cook, 8vo. 
 
 Browne, Sara H., a native of Sunderland, Massa 
 chusetts, is known as the authoress of My Early Friends, 
 1847. Recollections of My Sabbath-School Teachers, 1850, 
 Ac. She has also contributed to the periodicals. See Hart's 
 Female Prose Writers of America, 1855. 
 
 Browne, Simon, 1680-1732, a Dissenting minister of 
 great learning, was a native of Shepton Mallet, Somerset 
 shire. In 1716 he accepted a call to the pastoral charge 
 of the congregation of Dissenters in Old Jewry, London. 
 Here he was eagerly listened to by crowded congregations 
 until 1723, when, from grief at the loss of his wife and only 
 son, he became deranged on a particular subject, though 
 mentally undisturbed on other matters. He was firmly 
 persuaded that the Supreme Being had 
 
 "Annihilated in him the thinking substance, and utterly di 
 vested him of consciousness : that though he retained the human 
 shape, and the faculty of speaking, in a manner that appeared to 
 others rational, he had all the while no more notion of what he 
 said than a parrot." 
 
 He continued under this delusion for the rest of his life. 
 He gave up his clerical charge, and refused to join in any 
 act of worship, either public or private. Yet while in this 
 sad condition, he wrote his celebrated answer to Woolston's 
 Discourse on the Miracles of our Saviour, and his strictures 
 upon Tindal's Christianity as old as the Creation. If he was 
 crazy, he was at least more than equal to two infidels ; and so 
 Woolston and Tindal found to their cost. He also evinced his 
 mental vigour by the compilation of Greek and Latin Dic 
 tionaries; though, indeed, he does not seem to have consi 
 dered this any evidence of intellectual ability : he replied to 
 a Mend who called in, and asked him what he was doing, 
 
 "I am doing nothing that requires a reasonable soul; I am 
 making a Dictionary ; but you know thanks should be returned to 
 God for every thing, and therefore for DICTIONARY-MAKERS." 
 
 We hope that our rather impolitic disinterestedness in 
 introducing this anecdote into our Lexicon will be duly 
 appreciated. 
 
 Browne pub. in 1706 A Caveat against Evil Company; 
 this was a short treatise. The True Character of the Heal 
 Christian, 1709, 8vo. Hymns and Spiritual Songs, 1720, 
 12mo. Sermons, 1722. A Disquisition on the Trinity, 
 1732, 8vo. A Fit Rebuke to a Ludicrous Infidel; in some 
 Remarks on Mr. Woolston's Fifth Discourse on the Miracles 
 of our Saviour, 1732, 8vo, with a Preface concerning the 
 prosecution of such writers by the Civil Power. 
 
 " In this answer Browne displays great ability. The preface is 
 considered a noble apology for liberty of conscience and of the 
 press, and a severe condemnation of civil prosecutions for matters 
 of opinion." LOWNDES. 
 
 Defence of the Religion of Nature, and the Christian 
 Revelation ; against the defective account of the one, and 
 the exceptions against the other, in a book entitled Chris 
 tianity as old as the Creation, Lon., 1732, 8vo; against 
 Tindal. The Close of the Defence, <fcc., 1733, 8vo. Mr. 
 B. also contributed to a periodical entitled The Occasional 
 Paper; collected in 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " He was a man of very considerable learning, of distinguished 
 virtue, of the most fervent piety, and was animated by an ardent 
 zeal for the interests of rational and practical religion. His abili 
 ties made him respected, and his virtues rendered him beloved : 
 but such was the peculiarity of his case, that he lived a melancholy 
 instance of the weakness of human nature." 
 
 Browne, Stephen. Laws of Ingrossing,<fcc.,1765,8vo. 
 
 Browne, Theophilus. Harvest Sermon, 1708, 4to. 
 
 Browne,Theophilus. Select Parts of Scripture,1805. 
 
 Browne, Thomas, D.D., 1604-1673, anative of Mid 
 dlesex, elected student of Christ Church, 1620 ; domestic 
 chaplain to Archbishop Laud, 1637; Canon of Windsor, 
 1639; and Rector of Oddington, Oxfordshire. Camden's 
 Tomus alter et idem ; or, The History of the Life and Death 
 of Queen Elizabeth, trans, into English, Lon., 1629, 4to. 
 To the original (Camden's Annals, vol. ii., 1589-1602) the 
 translator has added corrections, animadversions, <tc. A 
 Key to the King's Cabinet, Oxf., 1645, fol. De Posthumo 
 Grotii, Hague, 1646, Svo; pub. under the name of Simpli- 
 cius Virinus : it was a defence of Grotius against an epistle 
 
 BRO 
 
 of Salmasius. The Royal Charter granted unto Kings by 
 God Himself, Lon., 1649, Svo. Dissertatio de Therapeutis 
 Philonis adversus Henricum Valesiam, Lon., 1687, Svo; 
 subjoined to Colomesius's edit, of St. Clement's Epistles. 
 Sermon on Rom. x. 15, 1688, 4to. Latin Sermon on Rom. 
 x. 15, 1688, 4to. 
 
 Wood refers to a sermon of our author's, which produced 
 great excitement. It was one preached before the Univer 
 sity in St. Mary's, Dec. 24, 1633 j 
 
 "Which sermon being esteemed a blasphemous piece by the pu 
 ritanical party of the said parish, they complained of it to the said 
 archbishop, {Laud,] who instead of having him punished, was 
 made (say they) canon of Windsor; and afterwards, when the said 
 archbishop's writings were seized on at Lambeth, the sermon was 
 found lying on his table : but this I presume was never printed." 
 Athen. Oxan. 
 
 Browne, Thomas. The Times ; a Satyr,Lon.,1783,4to. 
 
 Browne, Thomas. Classical Dictionary, Lon., 1797, 
 12mo. Viridarium Poeticum, 1799, Svo. The British Ci 
 cero, 1803, 3 vols. Svo. Piuacotheco classica, 1811, 12mo. 
 
 Browne, Captain Thomas Gunter. Hermes Un 
 masked, 1795, Svo. Letters 3d and 4th, containing the 
 Mysteries of Metaphysics, <fcc., 1796, Svo. 
 
 Browne, Sir Thomas, M.D., 1605-1682, one of the 
 most distinguished of English writers, was a native of Lon 
 don. His father, a highly respectable merchant, died during 
 his nonage, and his mother was married again to Sir Thomas 
 Dutton. His education was commenced at Winchester, 
 from whence, in 1623, he was sent to Pembroke College, 
 Oxford, where he was entered a gentleman commoner. He 
 took the degree of M.A., studied medicine, and commenced 
 practice in Oxfordshire. Shortly afterwards he visited the 
 Continent, studied at Padua, and was created Doctor of 
 Physic in the University of Leyden. He returned to Eng 
 land about 1633, and between this and 1635 is supposed to 
 have written his Religio Medici. In 1636 he settled at 
 Norwich, and in 1637 he was created Doctor of Physic in 
 the University of Oxford. Four years later he was united 
 in marriage to a lady of the name of Mileham, of a Nor 
 folk family. The wits considered his desertion of a bachelor 
 life, after his curious proposition in the Religio Medici, to 
 afford a fair handle against him. But Browne let them 
 laugh to their content, satisfied with his domestic happiness. 
 The amiable pair were united for the long term of one-and- 
 forty years, and saw ten children growing up around them. 
 He was chosen an Honorary Fellow of the Royal College 
 of Physicians in 1664, and in 1671 received the honour of 
 knighthood from Charles II. Before his death he made 
 donations for the benefit of Trinity College, Cambridge, 
 and Christ Church, Oxford. We now come to speak of 
 those works which have placed him in the first rank of 
 English authors. The Religio Medici, The Religion of 
 a Physician, his first work, was not designed, the author 
 states, for publication. A MS. copy floated about for some 
 time from hand to hand, until it found its way to the 
 press, without the author's knowledge, in 1642, in which 
 year two editions were pub. (Lon., Svo.) An edition 
 was put forth by the author in 1643, and by 16S5 it had 
 passed through no less than eight editions. The corre- 
 
 tive to the annotations of the former, need only be alluded 
 to here. A detailed account will be found in the Biog. 
 Brit., and some sensible observations on the subject in 
 Johnson's Life of Sir Thomas Browne, and in Mr. Simon 
 Wilkins's Preface in H. G. Bohn's excellent edition, 1852, 
 3 vols. Mr. Merryweather of Cambridge introduced Re 
 ligio Medici to the learned of other lands, by a Latin ver 
 sion, which was pub. in Holland in 1644, and the same 
 year in Paris, and in Strasburg in 1652, with copious notes 
 by Moltkenius. The notes of Sir Kenelm Digby will be 
 found in the English edition of 1643, and those in the 
 editions from 1644 are by Thomas Keek of the Temple. 
 From Merryweather's version it was trans, into Italian,; 
 German, Dutch, and French. 
 
 " The Religio Medici was no sooner published, than it excited the 
 attention of the public by the novelty of paradoxes, the dignity 
 of sentiment, the quick succession of images, the multitude of ab 
 struse allusions, the subtility of disquisition, and the strength of 
 language." DR. SAML. JOHNSON. 
 
 The famous Guy Patin, in a letter from Paris, April 7, 
 1645, alludes to the sensation which its publication excited 
 in that polished capital : 
 
 " The book entitled Religio Medici is in high credit here. Tha 
 author has wit; there are abundance of fine things in that book; 
 he is a humorist, whose thoughts are very agreeable, but who, in 
 my opinion, is to seek for a master in religion as many others 
 are and, in the end, perhaps, may find none. One may say of 
 him, as Philip de Comines did of the founder of the Minimes, a 
 hermit of Calabria. Francis de Paula, ' he is still alive, and may 
 grow worse as well as better.' " 
 
 263 
 
BRO 
 
 BRO 
 
 It is certainly calculated to induce caution in an author 
 when he remembers that, for a few careless remarks, a sin 
 cere Christian, like Browne, has had attributed to him a 
 character which he would have considered a lasting dis 
 grace that of an unbeliever in Christianity. Salmasius, 
 Buddseus, Tobias Wagner, Miiller, and Reiser, consider 
 him as doubtful, an infidel, or even atheistic, as their views 
 vary, whilst Reimmannus and Heister warmly vindicate 
 his orthodoxy. This grave charge of unbelief, or even of 
 skepticism, is altogether unjustifiable. The disreputable 
 ranks of the enemies of truth are ever on the watch to 
 stamp their brand of infamy on the brow of those whose 
 reputation they hope will strengthen their wretched cause. 
 As Johnson well remarks, 
 
 " In proportion as they doubt the truth of their own doctrines, 
 they are desirous to gain the attestation of another understanding : 
 and industriously labour to win a proselyte, and eagerly catch at 
 the slightest pretence to dignify their sect with a celebrated name." 
 
 Johnson sums up the case as respects Sir Thomas in his 
 own masterly style : 
 
 "The opinions of every man must be learned from himself: 
 concerning his practice, it is safest to trust the evidence of others. 
 When these testimonies concur, no higher degree of historical cer 
 tainty can be obtained ; and they apparently concur to prove, that 
 Browne was a zealous adherent to the faith of Christ, that he lived 
 in obedience to his laws, and died in confidence of his mercy." 
 
 In 1646 Browne pub. his Pseudodoxia Epidemica, or 
 Enquiries into very many received Tenets, and commonly 
 presumed Truths, (sm. folio;) 2d edit., enlarged and cor 
 rected, 1650, fol. ; again in 1659, fol. ; and in 1669, '72, 
 4to ; 6th edit, with improvements, 1673 ; in French, Paris, 
 1733, 2 vols. 12mo. This was received with great favour, 
 although it was criticized by Alexander Ross, (who as 
 Medicus Medicatus had attacked Religio Medici,) as Arcana 
 Microcosmi, and by Robinson in his Eudoxa, or a Calm 
 Ventilation, <fcc. 
 
 " It is indeed to be wished, that he had longer delayed the pub 
 lication, and added what the remaining part of his life might have 
 furnished : the thirty-six years which he spent afterwards in study 
 and experience, would doubtless have made large additions to an 
 Inquiry into Vulgar Errors." Johnson's Life, of Sir T. B. 
 
 " Browne's Inquiry into Vulgar Errors displays a great deal of 
 erudition, but scarcely raises a high notion of Browne himself as 
 a philosopher, or of the state of physical knowledge in England. 
 The errors he indicates are such as none but illiterate persons, we 
 should think, were likely to hold, and I believe that few on the 
 continent so late as 1646, would have required to have them ex 
 ploded with such an ostentation of proof. Who did not know that 
 the phoenix is a fable?" Hollands Introduc. to Lit. Hist. 
 
 But some other learned authorities estimate this work 
 very differently : 
 
 " No modern author has treated this subject more accurately or 
 copiously. In his first book he learnedly inquires into the general 
 causes of error ; and in his succeeding books he not only discourses 
 
 of the mistakes which are crept into natural philosophy, but such 
 
 cha 
 sick." MORHOF. 
 
 also as have corrupted history, theology, mechanic arts, and phy- 
 
 " As he excelled in theoretical and practical divinity, so he shone 
 no less in philosophy, wherein he emulated Hercules; and under 
 taking by his Fsevd. Ep. to clear the sciences from error, he fell 
 nothing short of the other's labour in cleansing the Augean stable." 
 REIMMAN. 
 
 " It is an excellent work, and contains abundance of curious 
 things." NICERON. 
 
 See Supplet. Memoir by Simon Wilkins, prefixed to H. 
 G. Bohn's edit, 1852, 3 vols. 
 
 In 1658 appeared his Hydriotaphia, Urne-Burial, or a 
 Discourse of the Sepulchral Urnes lately found in Norfolk. 
 
 " From the trivial incident of the discovery of a few urns at 
 Walsingham, he undertakes to treat of the funeral rites of all na 
 tions, and has endeavoured to trace these rites to the principles 
 and feelings which gave rise to them. The extent of reading dis 
 played in this single treatise is most astonishing, and the whole is 
 irradiated with the flashes of a bright and highly poetical genius, 
 though we are not sure that any regular plan can be discovered in 
 the work." Cunningham's Biog. Hist., q. v. 
 
 " There is perhaps none of his works which better exemplify his 
 reading or memory. It is scarcely to be imagined how many par 
 ticulars he has amassed together in a treatise which seems to have 
 been occasionally written ; and for which, therefore, no materials 
 could have been previously collected." Johnson's Life of T. B. 
 
 To this work was added the Garden of Cyrus, or the 
 Quincunxial Lozenge, or Net Work Plantation of the An 
 cients, artificially, naturally, mystically, considered. In 
 this work the author searches diligently for any thing ap 
 proaching to the form of a quincunx, and his ingenuity 
 discovers, Coleridge says, 
 
 " Quincunxes in heaven above, quincunxes in earth below, quin 
 cunxes in the mind of man. quincunxes in tones, in optic nerves 
 in roots of trees, in leaves, In every thing." 
 
 In lieu of a very learned definition of a quincunx, let 
 the reader accept the following as a pictorial representa 
 tion thereof: 
 
 * 
 * 
 
 * 
 
 Johnson wittily remarks upon Browne's ingenuity in dis 
 covering Quincunxes, that 
 
 "A reader, not watchful against the power of his infusions, 
 would imagine that decussation was the great business of the 
 world, and that nature and art had no other purpose than to ex 
 emplify and imitate a quincunx." 
 
 Sir Thomas left a number of treatises, a collection of 
 which was published after his death, by Doctor, afterwards 
 Archbishop, Tenison, (Lon., 1684, 8vo,) and another by 
 John Hase. Christian Morals was pub. by Dr. Jeffrey in 
 1716. A notice of these learned pieces will be found in 
 Johnson's Life of Browne. It has been remarked that 
 
 " Certainly never any thing fell from his pen which did not de 
 serve to see the light. His very letters were dissertations, and 
 full of singular learning, though written upon the most common 
 subjects." 
 
 His collected works were pub. in 1686, fol. In 1836 
 Simon Wilkin, F.L.S., Esq., favoured the world with an 
 edition in 4 vols. 8vo, which has been recently (in 1852) 
 pub. in 3 vols. 8vo, in Henry G. Bohn's excellent Antiqua 
 rian Library, which, with his other valuable libraries of 
 standard works, we commend to the reader's attention. In 
 Mr. Wilkin's edition of Browne's works will be found, be 
 sides other important matter, much bibliographical in 
 formation respecting the early impressions of Browne's 
 different treatises. Every one who desires to enjoy the 
 evidences of a massive grandeur which he little expected 
 to find in an English author, should hasten to the perusal 
 of the verba ardentia the pondera verborum of Browne, 
 as to a noble intellectual repast. We think that too much 
 stress has been laid upon Johnson's alleged imitations of 
 the style of the learned physician. The lexicographer 
 was more indebted to Browne than was the essayist. John 
 son certainly learned something from Browne, but perhaps 
 he profited as much by Chambers, and more by Sir William 
 Temple. In depth and suggestiveness Browne as much 
 excels Johnson, as the latter excels the former in fluency 
 and grace of modulation. Who ever had to read a sen 
 tence of Johnson's twice before he could comprehend it ? 
 Who ever read a page of Browne's without a reinspection 
 of several passages, which had perplexed more than they 
 had gratified? Yet such intellectual exercise is most 
 healthful, and promotes a mental robustness and vigour 
 which amply repay the cost at which they are acquired. We 
 commend to the attention of our readers the following vo 
 lume : Religio Medici : Its Sequel, Christian Morals. By 
 Sir Thomas Browne, Kt, M.D. With resemblant Passages 
 from Cowper's Task ; and a Verbal Index, post 8vo. 
 
 " The public in general, and all readers of pure taste and virtu 
 ous feelings in particular, are deeply indebted to the editor for 
 publishing, for the first time, Sir T. Browne's admirable Eeligio 
 Medici and its sequel, Christian Morals, together in one volume; 
 and also for his careful correction of the text in both. The index 
 is rich in good old English words; but the great attraction is the 
 quotation of corresponding passages from Cowper's Task, which 
 shew how fully imbued the poet was with the elder author." Lon. 
 Literary Gazette. 
 
 We conclude with some opinions upon the works of this 
 ornament of knighthood and medicine, than whom a 
 greater has not adorned the learning of the one, nor dig 
 nified the chivalry of the other. 
 
 " Sir Thomas Browne, by his intense earnestness and vivid so 
 lemnity, seems ready to endow the grave itself with life. He does 
 not linger in the valley of the shadow of death, but enters within 
 the portals where the regal destroyer keeps his awful state; and 
 yet there is nothing thin, airy, or unsubstantial nothing ghostly 
 or shocking in his works. He unveils, with a reverent touch, the 
 material treasures of the sepulchre : he describes these with the 
 learning of an antiquary ; moralizes on them with the wisdom of a 
 philosopher ; broods over them with the tenderness of an enthu 
 siast; and associates with them sweet congenial images, with the 
 fancy of a poet. He is the laureat of the king of terrors ; and most 
 nobly does he celebrate the earthly magnificence of his kingdom. 
 He discovers consolations not only in the hopes of immortality, 
 but in the dusty and sad ornaments of the tomb. Never surely 
 by any other writer was sentiment thus put into dry bones." Lon. 
 Retrospective Review. 1820, vol. i. 89. 
 
 " I wonder and admire his entireness in every subject that is 
 before him. He follows it, he never wanders from it, and he has 
 no occasion to wander; for whatever happens to be the subject, he 
 metamorphoses all nature into it. In the treatise on some urns 
 dug up in Norfolk, how earthy, how redolent of graves and sepul 
 chres is every line! You have now dark mould, now a thigh-bone, 
 now a skull, then a bit of mouldered cofiin, a fragment of an old 
 tombstone with moss in its ' Hie Jacet,' a ghost, or a winding-sheet, 
 or the echo of a funeral psalm wafted on a November wind; and 
 the gayest thing you shall meet with shall be a silver nail or a gilt 
 'Anno Domini,' from a perished coffin-top." CHARLES LAMB. 
 
 " It is not on the praises of others, but on his own writings, that 
 he is to depend for the esteem of posterity ; of which he will not 
 easily be deprived while learning shall have any reverence among 
 men; for there is no science in which he does not discover some 
 skill; and scarce any kind of knowledge, profane or sacred, ab 
 struse or elegant, which he does not appear to have cultivated with 
 success." DR. SAMI,. JOHNSON. 
 
 " A superior genius was exhibited in Sir Thomas Browne. His 
 
BRO 
 
 mind was fertile and ingenious; his analogies original and bril 
 liant ; and his learning so much out of the beaten path, that it 
 gives a peculiar and uncommon air to all his writings." HALLAM. 
 
 " Such was his sagacity and knowledge of all history, ancient 
 and modern, and" his observations thereupon so singular, that it 
 hath been said by them that knew him best, that if his profession, 
 and place of abode, would have suited his ability, he would have 
 made an extraordinary man for the privy council, not much in 
 ferior to the famous Padre Paulo, the late oracle of the Venetian 
 state." WHITEFOOT. 
 
 With regard to the question, before referred to, as to the 
 religious opinions of Sir Thomas, it is to be observed that 
 all doubt upon that point should be settled by the testi 
 mony of Whitefoot, his intimate friend for forty-one years : 
 
 ' He fully assented to the Church of England, preferring it be 
 fore any in the world, as did the learned Grotius. He attended 
 the publick service very constantly, when he was not withheld by 
 his practice. Never missed the sacrament in his parish, if he 
 were in town. ... I visited him near his end, when he had not 
 strength to hear or speak much ; the last words which I heard 
 from him were, besides some expressions of dearness, that he did 
 freely submit to the will of God, being without fear." 
 
 We doubt not that, in that solemn hour which converts 
 even thoughtlessness into solemnity, this wise and learned 
 physician, who had been all his lifetime subject to the 
 fear, guided by the counsel, and animated by the love, of 
 that great Being who trieth the heart of the children of 
 men, and understandeth all their ways, we doubt not, in 
 that solemn hour, he could look beyond the "narrow 
 house appointed for all living" the furniture of which no 
 other pencil hath so magnificently described to the " suf 
 ficiency of Christian immortality," to the resurrection of 
 the just. Was the English tongue ever put to a grander 
 use than in that noble "conclusion of the whole matter," 
 with which he sums up what we may call the requiem of 
 the King of Terrors himself? 
 
 "But the sufficiency of Christian immortality frustrates all 
 earthly glory, and the quality of either state after death makes a 
 folly of posthumous memory. God, who can only destroy our 
 souls, and hath assured our resurrection, either of our bodies or 
 names hath directly promised no duration. Wherein there is so 
 much of chance, that the boldest expectants have found an un 
 happy frustration ; and to hold long subsistence seems but a scape 
 in oblivion. But man is a noble animal, splendid in ashes, and 
 pompous in the grave, solemnizing nativities and death with 
 equal lustre, nor omitting ceremonies of bravery in the infamy of 
 his nature." Hydriotaphia, Book v. 
 
 It had been melancholy indeed, if that far-reaching and 
 comprehensive mind, which knew so much of the works 
 of God, had never attained to the knowledge of their Crea 
 tor: if that brilliant intellect, which had shed so bright 
 a light for the instruction and edification of others, had 
 itself, at last, gone " out in obscure darkness !" 
 
 Browne, W., Vicar of Wing. Sermon, 1716, 8vo. 
 
 Browne, William. His Fiftie Years' Practice: or 
 an Exact Discourse concerning Snatfle Riding, for Trot 
 ting and Ambling, Lon., 1624, 4to. 
 
 Browne, William, b. 1590, at Tavistock, in Devon 
 shire, became a student of Exeter College, Oxford, about 
 the beginning of the reign of James I. Britannia's Pas- 
 toralls, two books, part 1, 1613 ; part 2, 1616 ; Lon. fol. : 
 both parts, 1625, 8vo. The Shepherd's Pipe, Lon., 1614, 
 1620, 8vo. His Works, containing the above two, the 
 Inner Temple Masque, and other Poems, edited by the 
 Rev. W. Thompson, Lon., 1772, 3 vols. sm. 8vo. 
 
 Browne's poetry was greatly admired in its day, out 
 soon fell into neglect. The author of the advertisement 
 prefixed to his works laments that 
 
 _ " He who was admired and beloved by all the best writers of his 
 time ; who was esteemed and recommended highly by the critical 
 Johnson and the learned Selden, was, in a few years after his 
 death, almost forgotten." 
 
 The fourth Eclogue of The Shepherd's Pipe, in which 
 he laments the death of his friend Thomas Manwood, has 
 been greatly commended. The writer just quoted remarks, 
 
 " I dare not say, that it is equal to the celebrated Lycidas of 
 Milton, but surely it is not much inferior. That genius has not 
 disdained to imitate William Browne ; and Lycidas owes its origin 
 to Philarete." 
 
 "It will appear even to our most infallible critics, that though 
 Mr. Browne wrote an hundred and eleven years ago, his language 
 is as nervous, his numbers as harmonious, his descriptions as 
 natural, his panegyrics as soft, and his satire as pointed, as any 
 that are to be found in the whip-syllabub poetasters of the present 
 century." Memoirs of the Life of William Pattison. pub. in 1728,8?x>. 
 
 "His imagination was fertile, and his mind vigorous; but his 
 judgment was corrupted by those Italian models which the fashion 
 of his day taught him to imitate. His descriptions, though pic 
 turesque, have an air of extravagance ; his conceptions, though 
 strong, have marks of deformity: and his language never flows in 
 a strain of continued purity. He could not plan with precision 
 and delicacy, and was unable to join correctness with spirit." 
 Lon. Monthly Review, 1772. 
 
 Anthony Wood remarks that 
 
 " As he had honoured his country with his elegant and sweet 
 pastorals, so was he expected, and also entreated, a little farther 
 
 BRO 
 
 ! to grace it, by drawing out the line of his poetic ancestors, begln- 
 j ning in Joseph Iscanius, [Joseph of Exeter, 13th century,] and 
 ending in himself." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Wood says that much of a work of this kind had been 
 prepared by Browne, and Oldys intimates the same thing, 
 and pronounces him to have been most capable of so im 
 portant an undertaking : 
 
 " He was reported a man not only the best versed in the works 
 and beauties of the English poets, but also in the history of their 
 lives and characters." Oldys's MSS. 
 
 We take the above notices from the Biog. Brit., to which 
 the reader is referred for further particulars. 
 
 " It appears to us, that sufficient justice has not, since the era 
 of Milton, been paid to his talents ; for, though it be true, as Mr. 
 Headley has observed, that puerilities, forced allusions, and con 
 ceits, have frequently debased his materials, yet are these amply 
 atoned for by some of the highest excellencies of his art ; by an 
 imagination ardent aid fertile, and sometimes sublime; by a vivid 
 personification of passion ; by a minute and truly faithful delinea 
 tion of rural scenery ; by a peculiar vein of tenderness which runs 
 through the whole of his pastorals, and by a versification uncom 
 monly varied and melodious. With these are combined a species 
 of romantic extravagance which sometimes heightens, but more 
 frequently degrades the effect of his pictures. Had he exhibited 
 greater judgment in the selection of his imagery, and greater sim 
 plicity in his style, his claim on posterity had been valid, had been 
 general and undisputed." Drake's Shakspeare and his Times. 
 
 Sir Egerton Brydges pub. some poems of Browne, not 
 before printed. We regret that we have not space for the 
 eloquent eulogy of Browne by Thomas Miller, a delightful 
 writer of our own day, still living. We must extract a 
 line or two : 
 
 " He carries with him the true aroma of old forests : his lines 
 are mottled with mosses, and there is a gnarled ruggedness upon 
 the stems of his trees. His waters have a wet look and splashing 
 sound about them, and you feel the fresh air play around you 
 while you read. His birds are the free denizens of the fields, and 
 they send their songs so life-like through the covert, that their 
 music rings upon the ear, and you are carried away with his 
 ' sweet pipings.' " 
 
 Browne commemorates in ardent strains the poetical 
 powers of his friend George Wither : 
 
 "DAVIS and WITHER, by whose Muse's power, 
 A natural day to me seems but an hour; 
 And could I ever hear their learned lays, 
 Ages would turn to artificial days." 
 
 From Britannia's Pastorals. 
 
 Wither returns the compliment in as complimentary a 
 style : 
 
 "Roget here on Willy calls 
 To sing out his Pastoralls : 
 Warrants Fame shall grace his rhymes, 
 Spite of Envy and the Times." 
 
 From, Almes Stript and Whipt: or, Satyrical Essays, Lon., 
 1613, 8vo. 
 
 Again, 
 
 " I feel an envious touch, 
 
 And tell thee, swain, that at thy fame I grutch ; 
 Wishing the art that makes this poem shine, 
 And this thy work (wert thou not wronged) mine." 
 
 Rare Ben Jonson admired Browne greatly : 
 
 "I would 
 
 More of our writers would, like thee, not swell 
 With the how much they set forth, but the how well." 
 
 A poet who can elicit the warm encomiums of such men 
 as Selden, Jonson, Dray ton, Wither, Davies, and many 
 others, distinguished for learning or knowledge of the 
 poet's art and those men his contemporaries must needs 
 have rare merit. To few authors has it chanced to be so 
 enthusiastically lauded by one age and so thoroughly neg 
 lected by the next. Of poems which were devoured with 
 rapture, and praised with warmth, a third edition was not 
 demanded for a century and a half. 
 
 Browne, Sir William, M.D., 1692-1774, a native 
 of Norfolk, was entered of Peter-house, Cambridge, in 
 1707, where he took the degrees, B.A., 1710; M.A., 1714; 
 M.D., 1721. He was a frequent publisher of small pieces, 
 principally classical, and always with as thorough an in 
 fusion of Latin and Greek as they would possibly bear, for 
 Sir William was as fond of the "manner of the ancients" 
 as was his professional brother in Peregrine Pickle. We 
 notice a few of his publications : Dr. Gregory's Elements 
 of Catoptrics and Dioptrics, translated from the Latin 
 Original, &c., Lon., 1715, 8vo. The Pill Plot, 1734, 4to. 
 Opuscula Varia, 1765, 4to. A Vindic. of the College of 
 Physicians, 1753. Odes in imitation of Horace, addressed 
 to Sir Robert Walpole and the Duke of Montagu, 1765. 
 A Farewell Oration at the College of Physicians, 1768, 4to : 
 this contains many curious particulars of Sir William's life. 
 Fragmenta Isaaci Hawkins Browne, &c., 1768, 4to. Three 
 Odes, 1771, 4to. A Proposal on our Coin, 1774, 4to. A 
 New Year's Gift, 1772, 4to. Speech to the Royal Society, 
 1772, 4to. Elegy and Address, 1773, 4to. A Latin Ver 
 sion of Job, unfinished, 4to. 
 
 Sir William was a most curious character, and the reader 
 
 265 
 
BRO 
 
 will find an interesting account of him in Nichols's Lite 
 rary Anecdotes, and Chalmers's Biog. Diet. Bishop War- 
 burton gives an amusing account (in a letter to Bishop 
 Kurd) of a visit with which he was honoured by Sir 
 William: 
 
 " When I came down into the drawing-room, I was accosted by 
 a little, round, well-fed gentleman, with a large muff in one hand, 
 a small Horace, open, in the other, and a spying-glass dangling m 
 a black ribbon at his button. . . . We then took our chairs ; and 
 the first thing he did or said, was to propose a doubt to me con 
 cerning a passage in Horace, which all this time he had still open 
 in his hand. Before I could answer, he gave me the solution of 
 this long-misunderstood passage ; and, in support of his explana 
 tion, had the charity to repeat his own paraphrase of it in English 
 verse, just come hot, as he said, from the brain." 
 
 Foote, in his Devil upon Two Sticks, gave an exact re 
 presentation of him, as sketched above, upon the stage. 
 Sir William sent him his card, thanking him for so happy 
 a likeness, but remarked that as Foote had forgotten the 
 muff", he sent him his own ! 
 
 At the age of eighty, he came to Batson's coffee-house 
 in his laced coat and band, and fringed white gloves, to 
 show himself to Mr. Crosby, then Lord Mayor. A gentle 
 man present observing that he looked very well, he re 
 plied he had " neither wife nor debts." 
 
 Browne, William George, 1768-1813, an eminent 
 traveller, a native of London, educated at Oriel College, 
 Oxford, was murdered by banditti when on his way from 
 Tabriz to Teheran. Mr. Brown was stimulated to the 
 love of adventure by the perusal of Bruce's Travels. He 
 passed many years in investigations in Africa, Egypt, 
 Syria, Greece, <fcc. Travels in Africa, Egypt, and Syria, 
 in the years 1792-98, Lon., 1799, 4to; 2d and best edit., 
 enlarged, .180 6, 4to. 
 
 " This work was highly esteemed, and is classed by Major Ren- 
 nel among the best performances of the kind : but from the ab 
 ruptness and dryness of the style, it never became very popu 
 lar." Encyc. Brit. 
 
 " From Kahira Mr. Brown penetrated into Upper Egypt. In ac 
 companying this traveller through that country, the reader will 
 find much more of ancient curiosities on the one hand, and a much 
 abler description of the people on the other, than in Sonnini." 
 Anti-Jacobin Review. 
 
 " A most valuable work, and except in some few peculiarities 
 of the author, a model for travellers ; it is particularly instructive 
 in what relates to Darfour." STEVENSON. 
 
 " In courage, prudence, love of science, and intimate acquaint 
 ance with the Eastern languages and manners, he has never been 
 exceeded." PINKERTON. 
 
 Brownell, Henry Howard. Poems, N. Y., 16mo. 
 
 " There is much genuine poetry in this volume. The sentiment 
 is elevated, the imagery 'at times highly impressive, and some of 
 the poems are calculated deeply to affect our finer sensibilities." 
 
 Brownell, Thomas Church, D.D., LL.D., Bishop 
 of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the State of Con 
 necticut, b. 1779, at Westfield, Massachusetts, has pub. a 
 number of valuable theological works. Commentary on 
 the Book of Common Prayer, r. 8vo. Consolation for the 
 Afflicted, 18mo. Christian's Walk and Consolation, 18mo. 
 Exhortation to Repentance, ISmo. Family Prayer Book. 
 Religion of the Heart and Life, 5 vols. Religious In 
 quirer Answered, ISmo. Youthful Christian's Guide, 18mo 
 
 Browning, Mrs. Elizabeth Barrett, b. in Lon 
 don of a family in affluent circumstances, and educated 
 with great care. She gave very early proofs of genius. 
 At the age of ten she attempted writing both in prose and 
 verse, and at fifteen her powers as a writer were known to 
 her friends. Her "Essay on Mind, with other Poems," 
 was published by her at the age of seventeen. The Sera 
 phim, and other Poems, Lon., 1838, The Romaunt of the 
 Page, 1839, The Drama of Exile, Isobel's Child, Casa 
 Guidi Windows, 1851, Miscellaneous Poems, Ac. deservedly 
 occupy a high place in English poetical literature. In 
 addition to her original works, she has distinguished her 
 self by a translation into English of the Prometheus Bound 
 of JSschylus, which has been styled 
 
 " A remarkable performance for a young lady, but not a good 
 translation in and by itself. It is too frequently uncouth, with 
 out being faithful, and, under a pile of sounding words, lets the 
 fire go out. . . . Miss Barrett has not attempted to reproduce the 
 grand effect of anapaestic systems of the Greek, for which, never 
 theless, there are great facilities in English, and, instead of the 
 fullest and completest close in the whole range of the Greek drama, 
 the English Prometheus comes to au end before you expect it." 
 Lon. Quar. Reo. 
 
 This version of the Prometheus Bound was pronounced 
 "an early failure" by the mature judgment of the writer, 
 who made a new translation, which now appears in the 
 collected edition of her works. Mrs. Browning, who is as 
 distinguished for learning as for genius, contributed a 
 series of critical papers on the Greek Christian Poets to 
 the London Athenaeum. 
 
 Miss Barrett was married in 1846 to Mr. Robert Brown- 
 
 BRO 
 
 ing, the author of Paracelsus, <fec. The reviewer whom 
 we have just quoted gives our authoress credit for " extra 
 ordinary acquaintance with ancient classical literature," 
 and few writers of the day have more enthusiastic ad 
 mirers, whilst certain grave faults are fully acknow 
 ledged : 
 
 " It is with real pain that we say, surely never was gold so dis 
 guised and overlaid with tinsel as hers, never was real merit 
 made to look so like what Carlyle would call a ' sham.' She pos 
 sesses genius, a cultivated mind, a truth-loving heart, quick powers 
 of observation, and luxuriancy of fancy and expression ; but that 
 luxuriance too often verges to say the least on extravagance. 
 Her thoughts, fine in themselves, are not clearly conceived, and 
 are expressed in a wilderness of words in which it is sometimes dif 
 ficult to pick up one distinct, intelligible idea. Her genius is er 
 ratic, and runs away with her; in short, what avails truth to na 
 ture, and poetic power, when the writer thinks proper to be unin 
 telligible? . . . There is little in the praise which has been bestowed 
 on Miss Barrett's poems in which we cannot heartily join, and we 
 might have contented ourselves with citing agreeable passages 
 and iterating that praise; but we have pursued a course more 
 likely, we hope, to be profitable to this highly-gifted lady, and to 
 the minds of the living and unborn on whom she has the power 
 to confer benefit and benefit of the highest order." British Quar 
 terly Review, vol. ii. p. 337. 
 
 We refer the reader to a review of the poems of our 
 authoress in Blackwood's Magazine, vol. Ivi. p. 621. 
 
 " It is plain that Miss Barrett would always write well if she 
 wrote simply from her own heart, and without thinking of the 
 composition of any other author at least let her think of them 
 only in so far as she is sure that they embody great thoughts in 
 pure and appropriate language, and in forms of construction which 
 will endure the most rigid scrutiny of common sense and unper- 
 verted taste." 
 
 The faults with which this gifted author is justly charge 
 able obscurity, strained and affected construction, and in 
 congruous admixtures of the language of ^Eschylus with 
 the language of Shakspeare we hope to see reformed alto 
 gether in her future labours. One of her reviewers re- 
 
 " Mr.' Leigh Hunt, in one of his clever poems, calls her ' the 
 sister of Tennyson.' We object to this, and claim her as Shaks- 
 pere's daughter! Great as Robert Browning is in the world of 
 poetry, his wife is literally ' the better half.' " 
 
 Mr. Moir, one of the fairest of contemporary critics, re- 
 
 Gifted with a fine and peculiar genius, what Mrs. Browning 
 might have achieved, or may yet achieve, by concentration ol 
 thought and rejection of unworthy materials, it is impossible to 
 say ; but most assuredly she has hitherto marred the effect of much 
 she has written by a careless self-satisfaction. Instead of being a 
 comet that ' from its horrid hair shakes pestilence and war,' she 
 might have been, and I trust is destined yet to be, a constellation 
 to twinkle for ever in silver beauty amid the blue serene." 
 Sketches of the Poet. Lit. of the Past HalJ -Century. 
 
 " Mrs. Browning's Poems are of the class the full beauty and 
 value of which can but scantily be indicated by extracts. Yet it 
 would not be difficult to select passages instinct with a life and 
 beauty of their own." London Examiner. 
 
 Our learned friend, Rev. Dr. Geo. W. Bethune, a critic 
 of exquisite taste, remarks that 
 
 " Mrs. Browning is singularly bold and adventurous. Her wing 
 carries her, without faltering at their obscurity, into the cloud and 
 the mist, where not seldom we fail to follow her, but are tempted, 
 while we admire the honesty of her enthusiasm, to believe that 
 she utters what she herself has but dimly perceived. Much of 
 this, however, arises from her disdain of carefulness." 
 
 We shall conclude our sketch with a few lines from two 
 of our writer's own sex : 
 
 " Such is the influence of her manners, her conversation, her 
 temper, her thousand sweet and attaching qualities, that they 
 who know her best are apt to lose sight altogether of her learning 
 and of her genius, and to think of her only as the most charming 
 person that they have ever met." Mary Russell Mitfvra s Mecot- 
 lections of a Literary Life. 
 
 "In delicacy of perception Miss Barrett may vie with any of her 
 sex. She has what is called a true woman's heart, although we 
 must believe that men of a fine conscience and good organiiaHW 
 will have such a heart no less. Signal instances occur to us ir 
 the cases of Spenser, Wordsworth, and Tennyson. The woman 
 who reads them will not find hardness or blindness as to the sub 
 tler workings of thoughts and affections. 
 
 "If men are often deficient on this score, women on the othe: 
 hand are apt to pay excessive attention to the slight tokens, the 
 little things of life. Thus, in conduct or writing, they tend t 
 weary us with a morbid sentimentalism. From this fault 1 
 Barrett is wholly free." MARGARET FULLER. 
 
 The 4th Eng. ed. of M/s. Browning's Poems was put). 
 Lon., 1856, 3 vols. 12mo; and in the same year she gave 
 to the world Aurora Leigh. Reviews of this poem will be 
 found in the North British Review, February, 1857, (being 
 a general notice of Mrs. Browning's literary characteristics,) 
 and in the London Athenaeum, Nov. 22, 1856, No. 1425; 
 N. Amer. Rev., Ac. Amer. ed. of her poems, N.Y., 3 vola. 
 12mo. Aurora Leigh, 12mo. 
 
 An excellent edition of Mrs. Browning's Poems has 
 been published by Francis & Co., N.Y. 
 
 Browning, Geo. Condition of Great Britain, Lon., 
 1834, 8vo. 
 
BRO 
 
 Browning, J. Lorenzo. Pignotti's History of Tus 
 cany, interspersed with Essays trans, from the Italian, 
 with Life of the author, by J. L. B., 4 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1823. 
 
 " Amongst the modern writers of Italy, whose works, both in 
 poetry and prose, stand high in the public estimation, is the late 
 Lorenzo Pignotti, one of the authors enumerated by Pozzetti as 
 entitled to lasting fame." ROSCOE. 
 
 Browning, John. Sermons, Lon., 1636, 4to. 
 
 Browning, John. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1746, '51. 
 Electricity, Population, Ac. 
 
 Browning, Robert, b. 1812, at Camberwell, Eng 
 land, and educated at the London University, is one of the 
 most eminent poets of the day. In 1836 he pub. Paracel 
 sus, which was highly commended by a number of critics, 
 but not extensively read. In 1837 his Tragedy of Straf- 
 ford was produced, Mr. Macready personating the hero. 
 
 "It is the work of a young poet," remarks a critic, "but is well 
 conceived and arranged for effect, while its relation to a deeply-in 
 teresting and stirring period of British history gives it a peculiar 
 attraction to an English audience." 
 
 Mr. Browning's other works are Sordella ; Pippa Passes ; 
 The Blot in the Scutcheon, (played at Drury Lane in 1843 ;) 
 King Viator and King Charles ; Dramatic Lyrics ; Return 
 of the Druses ; Columbe's Birthday ; Dramatic Romances ; 
 Luria ; Bells and Pomegranates, (of which Pippa Passes is 
 the first;) Christmas Eve; Easter-Day; Men and Women, 
 1855. His collected works have been pub. in 2 vols. 12mo, 
 Lon., (last ed., 1849,) and also by Ticknor & Fields, of 
 Boston, 2 vols. 18mo, (last ed., 1856.) Mr. Browning was 
 married in November, 1846, to Elizabeth Barrett, one of 
 the most learned poetesses of the age. Since their mar 
 riage they have resided in Florence. 
 
 " Next to Tennyson, we hardly know of another English poet 
 who can be compared with Browning. The grandest pieces in the 
 volumes [of his Collected Works] are Pippa Passes, and A Blot in 
 the Scutcheon. The latter, in the opinion of Charles Dickens, is 
 the finest Poem of the century. Once read, it must haunt the 
 imagination forever; for its power strikes deep into the very sub 
 stance and core of the soul." E. P. WHIPPLE. 
 
 " Many English dramas have been written within a few years, 
 the authors of which have established their claim to the title of 
 poet. We cannot but allow that we find in them fine thoughts 
 finely expressed, passages of dignified and sustained eloquence, 
 and as adequate a conception of character as the reading of history 
 and the study of models will furnish. But it is only in Mr. Brown 
 ing that we find enough of freshness, vigour, grasp, and of that 
 clear insight and conception which enable the artist to construct 
 characters from within, and so to make them real things, and not 
 images, as to warrant our granting the honour due to the dra 
 matist." JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL: N. Amer. Review, Ixvi. 357: 
 read the whole of this well- written article. 
 
 " He is equally a master of thought and emotion, and joins to a 
 rare power of imaginative creation that which is still more rarely 
 found in union with it the subtlest power of mental reasoning 
 and analysis. Over the instrument of language he exerts the 
 most facile mastery, and few poets have moved with such free and 
 flowing step through the most complicated word mazes of music 
 and measure." London Examiner. 
 
 " We should say that Robert Browning deserves his position 
 from his originality ; but although his name has a certain celebrity, 
 he has not yet won for himself a niche in the temple of his nation's 
 literature. He is rather a thinker than a singer; and yet cannot 
 be accepted as a remarkable thinker. The grand conception of his 
 larger works is weak and wavering, but the details exhibit no 
 common powers. Whatever merits he may possess, are, however, 
 damaged by the eccentricity and want of beauty of his style. It 
 is abrupt, harsh, full of familiar turns, and yet not familiar in, its 
 general structure : spasmodic in its vehemence, and obscure from 
 mere negligence." Brit. Quarterly Review, vi. 1847. 
 
 Browning, Thomas. Prison Thoughts, 1683, 4to. 
 
 Browning, W. S. Provost of Paris; a Tale, Lon., 
 3 vols. 8vo. History of the Huguenots, 16th Century, 
 3 vols. 8vo ; ditto from 1598 to 1838, 1 vol. 8vo. 
 
 " One of the most interesting and valuable contributions to mo 
 dern history." Lon. Oent. Mag. 
 
 Brownlee, William Craig, D.D., b. 1784, at Tor- 
 foot, the family estate, near Strathaven, Scotland. His 
 paternal ancestors had been the "Lairds of Torfoot" for 
 many generations. Pastor of a Dutch Reformed Church 
 in N. York for many years, and has pub. many valuable 
 theolog. works. The Christian Father at Home. Christian 
 Youth's Book, and Manual for Communicants. Inquiry 
 into the Religious Principles of the Society of Quakers. 
 Lights and Shadows of Christian Life. On Popery. On 
 Roman Catholic Controversy. The Converted Murderer. 
 Whigs of Scotland ; a Romance. Deity of Christ. His 
 tory of Western Apostolic Churches. Other works. 
 
 Brownlow, Bp. of Winchester. Sermons, 1799, 4to. 
 
 Brownlow, Richard (and John Goldesbo- 
 rough's) Reports in C. Pleas temp. Elizabeth and James L, 
 Lon., 1651, '54, '75, 4to. Latino Redivivus, 1693, fol. 
 Surreptitious and imperfect copies were in circulation 
 
 " Before the complete copy of 1 693. They were trans, into Eng 
 lish, and pub. in 1653 ; again with additions in 1654. In 1693 the 
 book was repub. in the original Latin, with additions, because, 
 the editor says, in 1653 and in 1654, these Entries were unskilfully 
 
 BRO 
 
 turned into English. One of the translators, in speaking of the 
 work, says, ' I may dare to promise, without the imposition of te 
 merity, that allowing for human incidency, it may as justly claim 
 the title of perfect as any thing of this nature hitherto published.' " 
 Marvin's Legal Bibl 
 
 Brownlow compiled several other legal treatises. 
 
 Brownrig, or Brounrig, Ralph, D.D., 1592- 
 1659, a native of Ipswich, entered Pembroke College, 
 Cambridge, at 14; Archdeacon of Coventry, 1631; was 
 made Master of Catherine Hall, Cambridge, and Vice- 
 chancellor of the University; Bishop of Exeter, 1642. 
 He was deprived by the Parliament of the revenues of his 
 bishopric, and of his mastership of Catherine Hall. The 
 Parliament did not relish his plain discourses. Forty 
 Sermons, 1652, fol. j reprinted with 25 others, making a 
 second volume, Lon., 1665, 2 vols. fol. He had the cou 
 rage to " advise Oliver Cromwell to restore King Charles II. 
 to his just rights." But the "Protector" had no idea of 
 so easily depriving himself of the " price of blood." 
 
 " He was a great man for the Anti- Arminian cause, (for he was a 
 rigid Calvinist,) yet a mighty champion for the liturgy and ordina 
 tion of bishops : and his death was highly lamented by men of all 
 parties." ECHARD. 
 
 " Dr. Gauden, who had known him above thirty years, declares 
 that he never heard of any thing said or done by him which a 
 wise and good man would have wished unsaid or undone. . . . 
 He was one of those excellent men with whom Archbishop Tillot- 
 son cultivated an acquaintance at his coming to London, and by 
 whose preaching and example he formed himself." 
 
 " His style is tolerably good, and his sentences generally short. 
 But he is too full of divisions and subdivisions, and of scraps of 
 Latin and Greek : which was the great fault of the age he lived 
 in." Biog. Brit. 
 
 Dr. Gauden's eulogy is such a curious mixture of friend 
 ship and pedantry, that we must needs give it to the reader : 
 
 " He was a person of those ample and cubical dimensions, for 
 heighth of learning and understanding, for depth of humility and 
 devotion, for length of all morality and virtue, and for breadth of 
 all humanity and charity, that it is hard to contract or epitomize 
 him. He had the learning of NAZIANZEN, BASIL, or JEROM ; the 
 courage and constancy of ATHANASIUS and ST. AMBROSE; the elo 
 quence of ST. CHRYSOSTOM and CHRYSOLOGUS ; the mildness and 
 gentleness of ST. CYPRIAN or ST. AUSTIN ; the charity and benigni 
 ty of PAULINUS and MARTINUS." Memorials of Bishop Brownrig. 
 
 " He had wit at will; but so that he made it his page, not privy 
 councillor ; to obey, not direct his judgment. He carried learn 
 ing enough in num?rato about him in his pockets for any dis 
 course, and had much more at home in his chests for any serious 
 dispute. It is hard to say whether his loyal memory, quick fancy, 
 solid judgment, or fluent utterance were most to be admired, hav 
 ing not only flumen but fulmen eloquentice, being one who did 
 teach with authority." Fuller's Worthies. 
 
 Brownrigg, William, M.D., 1711-1800, a native of 
 Cumberland, studied medicine at London, and afterwards 
 at Leyden, where he took the degree of M.D. in 1737. 
 Art of Making Common Salt, Lon., 1748, 8vo. Considera 
 tions on Pestilential Contagion, 1771, 4to. Con. to Phil. 
 Trans., 1753, &c. When the President of the Royal So 
 ciety, Sir John Pringle, was called on to bestow upon Dr. 
 Priestley the gold medal for his paper of Discoveries on 
 the Nature and Properties of Air, he remarked, 
 
 " It is no disparagement to the learned Dr. Priestley, that the 
 vein of these discoveries was hit upon, some years ago, by my 
 very learned, very penetrating, very industrious, but too modest, 
 friend, Dr. Brownrigg." 
 
 Dr. Brownrigg was undoubtedly the " legitimate father" 
 of this class of discoveries. 
 
 Brownsmith, John. The Rescue, or Thespian 
 Scourge, 1767, 8vo. Dramatic Timepiece, being a calcu 
 lation of the Length of Time every Act takes in the Per 
 forming, in all the acting Plays at the Theatre Royal of 
 Drury Lane, <fcc. <fcc., 1767, 8vo. It is said that books 
 have been written about almost every thing, and it ap 
 pears that Mr. Brownsmith determined to find a subject 
 for his industry. If he could have accurately informed 
 the public of all the evil effects in various ways produced 
 every night by the theatre, and its many injurious in 
 fluences, he would have been a benefactor to society 
 indeed ! 
 
 Brownson, Orestes A., b. about 1802, is a native 
 of Windsor county, Vermont. He has been, in succession, 
 a Presbyterian minister, a Universalist, a Deist, again a 
 Christian minister, and is now a Roman Catholic layman. 
 Some attention was excited to Mr. Brownson's pecu 
 liarities by a series of articles in the Christian Examiner. 
 In 1836 he gave to the world a volume entitled, New Views 
 of Christianity, Society, and the Church. Two years later 
 he commenced the publication of the Boston Quarterly 
 Review, in which periodical the principal part of his writ 
 ings have appeared. In 1843 it was merged in the De 
 mocratic Review, pub. in New York, to which Mr. B. en 
 gaged to contribute. His papers were not received with 
 much warmth, and in 1844 he revived his periodical under 
 the title of Brownson's Quarterly Review, which is still 
 
BRO 
 
 BRU 
 
 Continued, largely supplied with Mr. Brownson's lucubra- | 
 tions. In 1840 he pub. an account of his religious ex- j 
 perience, under the title of Charles Elwood, or the Infidel 
 Converted. Mr. Brownson is a great admirer of the phi 
 losophy of M. Comt, as developed in the Cours de Philo 
 sophic Positive. A well- written notice of Mr. Brownson's 
 literary character will be found in Gris wold's Prose Wri 
 ters of America. 
 
 " We have no doubt that Charles Elwood will aid many a doubter j 
 to a cheerful faith, and confirm many a feeble mind in the faith it 
 has already professed." Christian Examiner. 
 
 " The sfvle of Mr. Brownson has some good qualities. It is 
 commonplace, without purity, and destitute of any characteristic \ 
 brilliance or elegance; but it is natural, direct, and plain. It is 
 that simple and unaffected manner which has the appearance of 
 being formed, not upon any plan, but merely by practice and use." 
 R. W. GRISWOLD. 
 
 "The metaphysical talents of Mr. 0. A. Brownson are well 
 known throughout the United States. He is an able critic on 
 mental philosophy: and the several articles which have appeared 
 from his pen in the Quarterly Review are of a first-rate character." 
 Blakey's Hiit. of the. Philosophy of Mind. 
 
 The Convert; or, Leaves from my Experience, N.Y., 1857, 
 12mo. This work has been both highly praised and censured. 
 Brownswerd, John, d. 1589. Progymnasmata ali 
 quot Poemata, Lon., 1590. Other pieces. 
 
 " He was deservedly numbered among the best Latin poets that 
 lived in the reign of qu. Elizabeth." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Brownswood, John. Sermon on Methodists, 1739. 
 Brownswood, William. Sermon, 1704, 4to. 
 Broxoliue, Charles. Perkins Improved, 1657; a 
 theolog. treatise. 
 
 Bruce, Alexander. Principia Jurisfeudalis, Edin., 
 1713, Svo. Other legal treatises, pub. 1714-72. 
 
 Bruce, Alexander. Cause of the Pestilence, Edin., 
 1759. 
 
 Bruce, Archibald, M.D., 1777-1818, a native of 
 New York, son of William Bruce, M.D., head of the Medi 
 cal Department in the British Army at New York, com 
 menced in 1810 the pub. of The Journal of American 
 Mineralogy, the earliest purely scientific Journal of Ame 
 rica. Dr. Bruce pub. but one volume. It was succeeded 
 by Silliman's Journal, the able editor of which is still 
 (1854) devoted to scientific investigation, and the Journal 
 is continued. 
 
 Bruce, Arthur. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1797. 
 Natural Hist of the Common Mole. General View of the 
 Agriculture of the County of Berwick, Ac., 1794, 4to. 
 
 ' This work is printed as an appendix to the former work by 
 Lowe. . . . The two reports together form a work that was not 
 equalled in the whole number of county surveys." Donaldson's 
 Agricutt. Biog. 
 
 Bruce, Basil. Exhortation against Oaths, 1798. 
 Bruce, E. and J. Geography and Astronomy, Ac., 
 1805, 12mo; 4th edit, 1813. 
 
 Bruce, Edward, edited a beautiful edition of such 
 Latin authors as have written upon the Chase, entitled 
 Poetae Latini Rei Venaticae Scriptores et Bucolici Antiqui, 
 Ac., Leyden, 1728, 4to. This edition has been erroneously 
 ascribed to Kempfer. Biog. Univ. 
 
 Bruce, James, 1730-1794, an eminent traveller, de 
 scended on the female side from the royal house of Bruce, 
 was a native of Kinnaird, county of Stirling, Scotland. 
 An interesting account of his travels in France, Spain, 
 Italy, Germany, Africa, Ac., will be found in Rose's Biog. 
 Diet 
 
 Travels to discover the Source of the Nile, in the years 
 1768, '69, '70, '71, '72, and '73, Edin., 1790, 5 vols. 4to; 2d 
 edit, corrected and enlarged, with a Life of the Author, 
 by Dr. Alexander Murray, Edin., 1805, 7 vols. Svo ; and 
 3d edit, 1813, 7 vols. Svo, and Atlas, 4to. The 4to Atlas 
 contains the plates, being select specimens in Natural His 
 tory, collected in Travels to discover the Source of the Nile, 
 in Egypt, Abyssinia, and Nubia, being an Appendix to 
 his Travels. Dr. Alexander Murray, the editor of the 2d 
 edit, pub. Edin., 1808, 4to, An Account of the Life and 
 Writings of James Bruce, Esq., Ac. See also Richard 
 Wharton's Observations on the Authenticity of Bruce's 
 Travels, Newc.-upon-Tyne, 1800, 4to ; and A Compliment 
 ary Letter to James Bruce, Esq., by Peter Pindar FDr 
 John Wolcott,] Lon., 1790, 4to. 
 
 We also commend to the reader's notice, as an interest 
 ing sequel to Bruce's Travels, Nathaniel Pearce's Nine 
 Years' Residence in Abyssinia, 2 vols. p. Svo. Mr. Bruce 
 was an excellent linguist, and well versed in several de 
 partments of learning. 
 
 " Bruce's Travels is one of those few publications which at its 
 first appearance engaged our incessant perusal, and we then 
 thought it a very useful, entertaining, and interesting work. The 
 present edition is greatly superior to the former." Eclectic Sevietc, 
 notice of 2d edit. 
 
 " It would be poor and inadequate praise to say that it has 
 seldom or never fallen to our lot to notice a book so ably edited. 
 We believe no editor ever before so laboriously qualified" himself 
 for his undertaking." Annual fiei*. 
 
 " Who has not heard of Bruce the romantic, the intrepid, the 
 undefatigable Bruce? His 'tale' was once suspected; but suspi 
 cion has sunk into acquiescence of its truth. A more enterprising, 
 light but lion-hearted traveller never left his native hills for the 
 accomplishment of such purposes as those which Bruce accom 
 plished." DIBDIN. 
 
 Bruce, James. Sermon, 1803, Svo. 
 Bruce, James. Classic and Historic Portraits, Lon., 
 2 vols. 
 
 " We find in these piquant volumes the liberal outpourings of 
 a ripe scholarship, the results of wide and various reading, given 
 in a style and manner at once pleasant, gossippy, and picturesque." 
 Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 " A series of biographical sketches remarkable for their truth 
 and fidelity." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 Bruce, John. Emperor and the Muscovites, 1733. 
 Bruce, John, Keeper of the State Papers, and Histo 
 riographer to the Hon. East India Company. Annals of 
 the E. India Company, 1600-1708, Lon., 1810, 3 vols. 4to. 
 Report on the Events and Circumstances connected with 
 the Union of England and Scotland, 1799, Svo. Other 
 works, 1780-1813. 
 
 Bruce, John. Educational Works, Lon., 1808-16. 
 Bruce, John. Sympathy, or the Mourner Advised 
 and Comforted, Lon., 1829, 12mo. 
 
 "Valuable as are the treatises of Flavel, and Grosvenor, and 
 Cecil, this volume is more judicious than the first, more clearly 
 evangelical than the second, more tender than the last, and more 
 copious and complete than any or all of them." Eclectic Review. 
 History of the Jews in all Ages, 12mo. 
 "To Prof. Milman's History of the Jews this work is a complete 
 antidote." Wesley an Methodist Mag. 
 
 Bruce, John C. Hand Book of English History, 
 Lon., 1848, 12mo. The Roman Wall, Svo; 2d edit, en 
 larged, 1853 ; a few copies on 1. p., 4to. 
 
 " The Roman Wall is a very elaborate and painstaking work on 
 one of the most interesting of British antiquities. Mr. Bruce is a 
 man of learning, whether as regards Roman history, in connection 
 with Britain, or the works of Archaeologists upon our Roman re 
 mains, especially those which relate to his immediate subject." 
 Lon. Spectator. 
 
 " The author's style renders it highly readable, the facts he has 
 collected will make it useful for reference, and its portability, and 
 the clear arrangement of the subject-matter, should introduce it 
 as a companion to all who may desire to study fully one of the 
 noblest monuments of our country." Gentleman's Mag. 
 
 Bruce, Lew., D.D. Sermons, Lon., 1743, '45, '52, 
 '62, 4to. 
 
 Bruce, Michael. Sermon, 1725, Svo. 
 
 Bruce, Michael, 1746-1767, a native of Kinness- 
 
 wood, county of Kinross, Scotland, was the son of a 
 
 weaver. His father designed him for the ministry, and 
 
 sent him to the University of Edinburgh, where he made 
 
 the acquaintance of the Rev. John Logan, who pub. a 
 
 volume of his poems in 1770, three years after his decease. 
 
 I A second edit, was pub. in 1784, and they were afterwards 
 
 1 included in Anderson's edit of the Poets. Principal 
 
 Baird put forth another edit, in 1807, and in 1837 they 
 
 were again pub., with a life of the author, by the Rev. 
 
 William Mackelvie, Balgedie, Kinrossshire. 
 
 " Had Bruce lived, it is probable he would have taken a high 
 place among our national poets. He was gifted with the requisite 
 enthusiasm, fancy, and love of nature. . . . The pieces he has left 
 have all the marks of youth ; a style only half formed and imma 
 ture, and resemblances to other poets, so close and frequent, that 
 the reader is constantly stumbling on some familiar image or ex 
 pression. In Lochleven, a descriptive poem in blank verse, he has 
 taken Thomson as his model. The opening is a paraphrase of 
 the commencement of Thomson's Spring, and epithets taken from 
 the Seasons occur throughout the whole poem, with traces of Mil 
 ton, Ossian, Ac. ... The Last Day is inferior to Lochleven. . . 
 In poetical beauty and energy, as in biographical interest, his 
 latest effort, The Elegy, must ever rank the first iu his produc 
 tions." ROBERT CHAMBERS : see Specimens in Cycl. of Eng. Lit. 
 
 " Though the poem on Lochleven contains little more than six 
 hundred lines, it is astonishing with what a variety of landscapes 
 it is decorated; these are for the most part touched with a spirited 
 pencil, and not seldom discover considerable originality, both in 
 conception and execution ; they are not mere copies of still life, 
 but abound in the expression of human passions and feelings, 
 and excite the most permanent and pleasurable emotions. . . . 
 Oh reader! bless the memory of the gentle Bard; and whilst the 
 tear of pity trembles on thy cheek, mayst thou feel the plow of 
 emulative hope, and learn to live like him." DraL e'.f Literary 
 Hours, vol. iii. 325: read the whole of this interesting sketch. 
 
 Bruce, Peter Henry, a distinguished soldier of a 
 
 Scotch family. Memoirs, Travels, Ac., Lon., 1782, 4to. 
 
 Bruce, Richard. The Life of Religion. Lon., 1615. 
 
 Bruce, Robert, 1599-1631, appointed one of tho 
 
 ministers of Edinburgh, 1587. Sermons, Edin., 1591, Svo. 
 
 16 Sermons, Lon., 1617, 4to. Discovery of the Conspiracy 
 
 of Papists, Ac., 4to. Sermons reprinted with Collec. for 
 
 his life by Rev. Robert Wodrow, edited by Rev. Win. 
 
BRU 
 
 BRY 
 
 Cunningham, D.D., Trinity College Church, Edin., printed 
 for the Wodrow Society, 1843, 8vo. 
 
 " A hero adorned with every virtue, a constant confessor, and 
 almost martyr, of the Lord Jesus." A. MELVILLE. 
 
 " Mr. Robert Bruce I several times heard, and, in my opinion, 
 never man spake with greater power since the Apostles' days." 
 LIVINGSTONE. 
 
 Bruce, Robert, M.D. Arhoricult. Con. to Phil. 
 Trans., 1725. 
 
 Bruce, Titus, Monarchy Maintained; a Sermon, 
 1682, 4to. 
 
 Bruce, William. State of Society in the Age of 
 Homer, p. 8vo. Treatise on the Being and Attributes of 
 God, 8vo. Sermons on the Study and Interpretation of 
 the Bible, 1824, 8vo. 
 
 " An exposition and defence of the system of Christian doctrine 
 denominated Arianism." Lon. Monthly Repository. 
 
 Bruch, Richard. Epigrammata, Lon., 1626, 12mo. 
 Epigrammatum, etc., Lon., 1627. 
 
 Bruckner, John, 1726-1804, though a native of the 
 island of Cadsand, near the Belgic frontier, was for 51 
 years settled as French preacher at Norwich, England. 
 The"orie du Systeme Animal, Leyd., 1767 ; trans, into Eng 
 lish, with the title of A Philosophical Survey of the Ani 
 mal Creation, Lon., 1768. 
 
 "In the 7th and 10th chapters are many of the sentiments 
 which have been more recently put forward in the writings of Mr. 
 Malthus." 
 
 In 1790 he pub., under the name of Cassander, Criti 
 cisms on the Diversions of Purley. John Home Tooke, 
 the author, replied to these strictures with some asperity 
 in his 4to. edit. He pub. in 1792 Thoughts on Public 
 Worship, being a reply to Gilbert Wakefield's tract on So 
 cial Worship, Lon., 1791, 8vo. He also began a didactic 
 poem in French verse, in illustration of the principles laid 
 down in his Theorie du Systeme Animal. Bruckner was 
 a man of considerable erudition, and preached with ap 
 plause in four languages, Latin, French, Dutch, and 
 English. 
 
 Bruckshaw, Samuel. One more Proof of the Ini 
 quitous Abuse of Private Madhouses, 1774, 8vo. 
 
 Brudenell, Exton. System of Midwifery, Lon., 
 1751, 8vo. 
 
 Bruce, William U. The Clove Tree, 1797, 4to. . 
 
 Bruce, Walter. Praxis Medicinae Theoretica et Em- 
 pirica, Lon., 1639, 4to : several foreign edits., Ven., 1585, 
 fol.j Antw., 1585, fol. ; Lug. Bat,, 1599, 8vo; again, 1628, 
 8vo; again, 1647, 8vo. 
 
 Bruen, Lewis. Christian Psalms, 1789, 8vo. 
 
 Bruen, Robert. Pilgrim's Practice, Lon., 1621, 8vo. 
 
 Bruen, Matthias, 1793-1829, a native of Newark, 
 New Jersey, pub. Sketches of Italy, and a Sermon at Paris. 
 
 Bruggis, Thos. Companion for a Chirurgeon, Lon., 
 1651, 8vo. Chirurgical Vade Mecum, with a sup. by Ellis 
 Pratt, M.D., Lon., 1689, 12mo. 
 
 Brulles. Cultivating and Dressing Hemp, 1790. 
 
 Brumhall. Sermon on Hypocrisy, 1677, 4to. 
 
 Brumwell,William. Con.to Med.Obs. andlnq.,1784. 
 
 Brunne, Robert de, or Robert Mannyng, a na 
 tive of Brunne in Lincolnshire, was a Canon of the Gil- 
 bertine order, and resident in the priory of Sempringham, 
 ten years in the time of Prior John of Camelton, and five 
 years with John of Clyntone. In 1303 he began his trans 
 lation, or rather paraphrase, of Manuel Peche or Manuel 
 des Peches, that is, the Manual of Sins. It is a long pro 
 duction, treating of the decalogue and the seven deadly 
 sins, which are illustrated by many legendary stories. It 
 was never printed, but is preserved in the Bodleian Library, 
 MSS. No. 415, and in the Harleian MSS., No. 1701. In 
 this work he remonstrates upon the introduction of foreign 
 terms into the language : " I seke," says he, "no straunge 
 Ynglyss." 
 
 But a more important work of his is a metrical chronicle 
 of England. The former part is trans, from an old French 
 poet called Maister Wace or Gasse, who copied Geoffrey 
 of Monmouth in a poem called Roman des Rois D'Angle- 
 terre. The second part of De Brunne's Chronicle, begin 
 ning from Cadwallader, and ending with Edward the First, 
 is trans, principally from a Chronicle by Peter Langtoft, 
 an Augustine canon of Bridlington, in Yorkshire, who is 
 supposed to have died in the reign of Edward II., and was 
 therefore a contemporary of De Brunne. Hearne edited 
 De Brunne, but "has suppressed the whole of his trans, 
 from Wace, excepting the prologue, and a few extracts 
 which he found necessary to illustrate his glossary." Some 
 specimens of De Brunne's style will be found in Ellis's se 
 lection ; in Chambers's Cyc. Eng. Lit. ; and in Warton's 
 Hist, of Eng. Poetry, in which work will be found some 
 learned notes upon our author. 
 
 " The learned antiquary, Hearne, perhaps thought that having 
 
 S reserved the whole of Robert of Gloucester's faithful and almost 
 teral version of Geoffrey of Monmouth, it was unnecessary to 
 print the more licentious paraphrase which had passed through 
 the medium of a Norman poet." Ellis's Specimens of Early Eng. 
 Poet., i. 92. 
 
 Bruuning, Benj. The Best Wisdom, 1660, 4to. 
 
 Bruusell, Samuel. Sermon, Lon., 1660, fol. 
 
 Brunswick, Duke of. Reasons for embracing the 
 Roman Catholic Faith, 1715, 8vo. 
 
 Brunton, Alex., D.D. Sermons & Lectures, 1818, 8vo. 
 
 Brunton, Anna. The Cottagers ; a Comic Opera, 
 1788, 8vo. This was pub. at the age of 15. 
 
 Brunton, Mary, 1778-1818, the only daughter of 
 Colonel Thomas Balfour, was a native of the island of 
 Bara, in Orkney. At the age of 20 she married the Rev. 
 Dr. Brunton, minister of Bolton, in Haddingtonshire. In 
 1803 Dr. and Mrs. Brunton removed to Edinburgh. Her 
 novel of Self-Control was pub. anonymously in 1811. 
 
 " I intended to show the power of the religious principle in be 
 stowing self-command, and to bear testimony against a maxim as 
 immoral as indelicate, that a reformed rake makes the best hus 
 band." From a Letter by the Authoress. 
 
 The work was very successful. The 1st edit, was sold 
 in a month, and a second and a third followed. In 1814 
 she pub. Discipline, which also was successful. Her third 
 work, Emmeline, she did not live to finish. It was pub., 
 together with a memoir of the authoress, by Dr. Brunton, 
 after her decease. An edition of her works has been pub. 
 in 7 vols. p. 8vo. All of her writings have been trans, into 
 French, and are highly esteemed on the Continent. 
 
 "Among the pleasing expounders of morality Mrs. Brunton 
 stood pre-eminent, as well for the good taste and style, as for the 
 soundness, of her works. Her two novels of Self-Control and 
 Discipline met with great and well-deserved success." See Lon. 
 Monthly Keview, vols. Ixv., Ixxviii., and xci. 
 
 Brusasque, Eliz. A. Trans, from the German of 
 Siitzer of the Principles of Taste as applied to the Fine 
 Arts and Literature, 1806, 8vo. 
 
 Bruton, William. News from the East Indies ; or 
 Voyage to Bengala, Lon., 1638, 4to: see Osborne's Voya 
 ges, i. 267, 1745, and Hakluyt's Voyages, vol. v. 
 
 Bryan, Augustine, d. 1726, of Trinity College, Cam 
 bridge, edit. Plutarch's Lives, pub. Lon., 5 vols., 4to, after 
 his death. Bishop Hare speaks of him in terms of com 
 mendation in the preface to his edit, of Terence. ' 
 
 Bryan, Augustine. A Sermon, Lon., 1718, 8vo. 
 
 Bryan, or Bryant, Sir Francis, d. 1520, an Eng 
 lish poet and warrior, educated at Oxford, followed the 
 Earl of Surrey in his expedition to the coast of Brittany. 
 In 1549 he was appointed chief governor of Ireland, and 
 he there married the Countess of Ormond. He was nephew 
 to SIR JOHN BOURCHIER, LORD BERNERS, (q. v.) and shared 
 in his literary taste. He trans, from the French of Alle*gre, 
 A Dispraise of the Life of a Courtier, which Allegre had 
 trans, from the Castilian of Guevara, Bishop of Mondovent. 
 Bryant's trans, was pub. Lon., 1548, 8vo. 
 
 " He hath written songs and sonnets ; some of these are printed 
 with the Songs and Sonnets of Hen. Earl of Surrey, and Sir Tho. 
 Wyatt the elder ; which Songs and Sonnets shew him to have been 
 most passionate to bewail and bemoan the perplexities of love." 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 He also left some MS. Letters of State. 
 
 Bryan, John, D.D., of Coventry. Serms., Lon., 
 1647-74. 
 
 Bryan, Margaret. Educational works, 1799-1815. 
 
 Bryan, Matthew. Sermons, 1684, '92, 4to. 
 
 Bryan, Michael, 1757-1821, a native of Newcastle, 
 was for many years the first English authority in pictorial 
 art. His celebrated Biographical and Critical Dictionary 
 of Painters and Engravers was pub. in 7 parts, 1813-16, 
 forming 2 vols. 4to. This valuable work is an improve 
 ment as well as enlargement of Pilkington's Dictionary, 
 (Lon., 1805, '10, 4to.) 
 
 " No private individual has been more conspicuous in the annals 
 of British art than the late Michael Bryan, Esq. . . . Having had 
 constant need of reference to his Dictionary of Painters and En 
 gravers, we can take upon ourselves to vouch for its general accu 
 racy, research, and ability. The original sketches are admirably 
 written." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 Mr. Bohn has recently (in 1849) pub. a new edition of 
 this valuable work, revised, enlarged by more than 1000 
 additional Memoirs, and continued to the present time by 
 George Stanley, Esq., 1 vol. imp. 8vo, 2 2*. Dr. Spooncr 
 of New York has recently pub. an extensive work upon 
 the same plan. 
 
 Bryan, Philip. Collection of Arms, Crests, <fcc., 
 Lon., fol. 
 
 Bryan, William. A Testimony, &c. concerning 
 Richard Brothers, 1795, 8vo. 
 
 Bryanston, John. A Manifest Reason. Ac., 1683. 
 
BRY 
 
 BRY 
 
 Bryant, Alfred, b. 1807, in N. Jersey. Millenarian 
 Views, 1852. Abstractions in the World to Come, 1853. 
 
 Bryant, Charles. Hist Account of the Lycoperdon, 
 Lon., 1783, 8vo. Flora Diaetetica, 1783, 8vo. A Diet, of 
 the ornamental Trees, Shrubs, and Plants most commonly 
 cultivated in Great Britain, Norwich, 1790, 8vo. 
 
 Bryant, Henry. 1. Sermon. 2. Cause of the Brand 
 in Wheat, 1758, '84. 
 
 Bryant, Jacob, 1715-1804, a man of profound learn 
 ing, was a native of Plymouth, in Devonshire, and was 
 educated at Eton, and King's College, Cambridge. He 
 accepted the post of tutor to the sons of the Duke of Marl- 
 borough, and attended his grace during his campaign as 
 his private secretary. The duke gave further evidences 
 of his esteem by securing to Mr. Bryant an annuity which 
 he received until his death, assigning two rooms to his use 
 at Blenheim, and presenting to him the keys of his cele 
 brated library. Mr. Bryant revelled in these literary stores, 
 and it is worthy of note, that as literature was the great 
 passion of his life, so its pursuit in one sense may be said 
 to have hastened his death. In stepping on a chair to 
 reach a book in his library, his foot slipped, and grazing 
 his leg, mortification ensued, of which he died, Nov. 14, 
 1804, at the age of 89. Mr. Bryant was wedded to his 
 books and learned theories, and therefore never took a wife. 
 His publications were numerous : Observations and In 
 quiries relating to various Parts of Ancient History, con 
 taining Dissertations on the Wind Euroclydon; and on 
 the Island Melite, together with an Account of Egypt in 
 its most early State, and of the Shepherd Kings, Cam 
 bridge, 1767, 4to. In this volume Bryant does not hesitate, 
 though with great modesty, to enter the field against Bo- 
 chart, Grotius, Bentley, Cluverius, and Beza. He contends 
 that Euroclydon is correct, and should not be read Euroa- 
 quito, and the Island Melite of the last chapter of the Acts 
 is not Malta. His arguments are considered convincing. 
 
 " An ingenious gentleman, whose name is Bryant, has proved, 
 I think, very clearly, that the Isle of Malta was not the place where 
 St. Paul was shipwrecked, but Melite, which lies in the Adriatic 
 gulph, upon the coast of Epidaurus. He likewise makes it proba 
 ble that we must give up Dr. Bentley's reading, and abide by Euro 
 clydon." Charles Godwin to Hutchins, Aug. 14, 1767. 
 
 " That very respectable author has demonstrably shown that the 
 Malta where St. Paul was shipwrecked was not the Malta in the 
 Mediterranean Sea against Africa, but the Melite in the Illyrian 
 Gulf, because, &c." WM. BOWTEE: Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes, iii. 47; 
 but see the other side in vol. ix. 515. 
 
 His next and most important work, and the one by which 
 posterity will decide upon his merits, was A New System, 
 or Analysis of Ancient Mythology ; wherein an attempt is 
 made to divest Tradition of Fable, and to reduce Truth to 
 its original Purity, Lon., 1774-76, 3 vols. 4to. 
 
 Mr. Bryant's object in this work was to prove the truth 
 of the Scriptures, by tracing the earliest history of man 
 kind, as related in the Bible, through the traditional remains 
 of all nations. Arguing upon the theory that all languages 
 must be branches of the one used by the progenitors of the 
 human race, he conceived that the investigation of radical 
 terms and philological comparisons would lead to the esta 
 blishment of Scriptural History. His theory was an in 
 genious one, but Mr. Bryant's zeal was greater than his 
 knowledge of oriental languages. Richardson and other 
 scholars attacked some of his positions, and showed their 
 erroneous foundations. A Vindication of the Apamean 
 Medal; Archaeol. vol. iv., and separately in 4to, 1775. 
 Vindiciae Flavianse; or a Vindication of the Testimony 
 
 fiven by Josephus concerning our Saviour Jesus Christ, 
 780, 8vo. This argument was so convincing, that even 
 Dr. Priestley declared himself a convert. In this year 
 Bryant edited Wood's Essay on Homer, the MS. of which 
 was left in his care. An Address to Dr. Priestley upon his 
 Doctrine of Philosophical Necessity, 1780, 8vo. This was 
 replied to by Priestley. Observations on the Poems of 
 Thomas Rowley, in which the authenticity of these Poems 
 is ascertained, 1781, 2 vols. 12mo. This was an unfortu 
 nate cause, but even when espousing error, Mr. Bryant 
 would always elucidate much valuable truth. In 1783 
 was pub. The Marlborough Gems, under the title of Gem- 
 marum antiquarum delectus ex prsestantioribus desumptus 
 in Dactylotheca Duels Marburiensis. Vol. 1st of the ex 
 position was written in Latin by Mr. Bryant, and trans, 
 into French by Mr. Maty; vol. 2d by Dr. Cole, and trans 
 by Mr. Dutens. At the request of the dowager Lady Pem 
 broke, Mr. B. prepared, and pub. in 1792, 8vo, 3d edit. 
 1810, 8vo, Treatise on the Authenticity of the Scriptures 
 and the Truth of the Christian Religion. 
 
 " Peculiarly adapted for men of education who wish to see the 
 p-incipal arguments in favour of Christianity condensed into a 
 narrow compass." 
 270 
 
 ** A useful and original view of the evidences of Christianity, in 
 which some of the chief difficulties in Revelation are noticed, and 
 on the whole, satisfactorily obviated." ORME. 
 
 Observations upon the Plagues inflicted upon the Egyp 
 tians, Lon., 1794, 1810, 8vo. 
 
 " A very learned and curious work on the Plagues of Egypt, in 
 which this series of miracles is critically investigated, and shewn 
 to afford most convincing evidences of the divine mission of Moses." 
 BISHOP VAN MILDERT. 
 
 "None can read this book without being gratified with the 
 learned research which it displays, and the light which is thrown 
 by it on the singular, and in some respects obscure, subjects to 
 which it relates." ORME. 
 
 " The same depth of thought, the same brilliancy of fancy, and 
 the same extent of erudition, are proportionably conspicuous in 
 this smaller production, as in the larger work of the Analysis of 
 Ancient Mythology." British Critic, O. S.. iv. 35. 
 
 " Suggests some valuable hints for the illustration of this sub 
 ject." BlCKERSTETH. 
 
 Mr. Bryant had always been conspicuous for the inde 
 pendence of his opinions, and had excited the astonishment 
 of the learned who were willing to take things as they had 
 j received them from their grandsires. But what was their 
 dismay when Professor Dalzel's publication of Chevalier's 
 Description of the Plain of Troy, elicited from the fearless 
 Jacob, A Dissertation concerning the War of Troy, and 
 the Expedition of the Grecians as described by Homer, 
 showing that no such expedition ever took place, and that 
 no such city as Phrygia existed, Lon., 1796, 4to. Great 
 was the indignation of the Hellenists at finding their be 
 loved city thus unceremoniously swallowed up by the rod 
 of this skeptical magician. Determined not to yield with 
 out a struggle, Vincent, Falkoner, Wakefield, and Morritt 
 rushed to the rescue, and the vindicators of Troy fought 
 indeed like Trojans. Mr. Bryant made but few converts, 
 whatever may have been the justice of his cause. The 
 Sentiments of Philo-Judaeus concerning the Logos, or Word 
 of God, <fcc., 1797, 8vo. In 1799 he answered Mr. Morritt's 
 strictures upon his treatise on Troy, and in the same year 
 addressed an Expostulation on this subject to the British 
 Critic. Observations on the famous controverted passages 
 in Justin Martyr and Josephus. His last work was entitled 
 Dissertations upon some Passages in Scripture, which the 
 Enemies of Religion have thought most Obnoxious, and 
 attended with Difficulties not to be surmounted, 1803, 4to. 
 The difficulties referred to are those in the History of Ba 
 laam ; Samson and his victory at Lehi ; the sun standing 
 still in Gibeon, and portions of the history of Jonah. 
 
 " On all these topics the author's profound acquaintance with 
 the idolatries and mythology of the Heathen supplied him with 
 many curious and important illustrations. If he has not removed 
 all the difficulties, he has shown that they may be materially re 
 duced." ORME. 
 
 " On the whole, we have discovered in this work much learning, 
 much ingenuity, and an uniform good intention ; but truth com 
 pels us to add, that it displays a defect in judgment, and a too 
 evident propensity to support a favourite hypothesis." British 
 Critic, O. S., xxv. 58. 
 
 Amidst all Mr. Bryant's learned inquiries, it may be said 
 to his praise, that if at times speculation deceived or theory 
 betrayed him, yet his great object was to advance the glory 
 of God by promoting the salvation of man : to confirm our 
 hope of a glorious immortality, by establishing the truth 
 of that inspired record wherein we " think we have eternal 
 life." 
 
 Bryant, John Frederick. Verses and autobiogra 
 phy, 2d edit., 1787, 8vo. 
 
 Bryant, John H., b. 1807, a brother of William Cul- 
 len Bryant, is a native of Cummington, Massachusetts. In 
 1826 be wrote a poem entitled My Native Village, which 
 was pub. in the United States Review and Literary Gazette, 
 of which his brother William was one of the editors. Mr. 
 Bryant has been for some years a resident of Illinois, a 
 cultivator of the soil. His poetical pieces have appeared 
 in the periodicals of the day, and in 1 vol., 1858. 
 
 " He is a lover of nature, and describes minutely and effectively. 
 To him the wind and the streams are ever musical, and the forests 
 and the prairies clothed with beauty. His versification is easy and 
 correct, and his writings show him to be a man of refined taste and 
 kindly feelings, and to have a mind stored with the best learning." 
 GriswolcCs Pwts and Poetry of America. 
 
 Bryant, .Lemuel, d. 1754, a minister of Braintree, 
 Massachusetts, pub. a Sermon on Moral Virtue, 1747. Re 
 marks on Mr. Porter's Sermon, 1750. 
 
 Bryant, William Cullen, one of the most eminent 
 of American poets, was born at Cummington, Massachu 
 setts, November 3, 1797. At the early age of ten years, 
 he published translations from some of the Latin poets, 
 and when only thirteen, wrote The Embargo, a political 
 satire, which was printed in Boston in 1808. This re 
 markable effusion of precocious genius was so successful 
 that a new edition was called for in a few months. At 
 Williams College the youthful poet distinguished himself 
 
BRY 
 
 BRY 
 
 j iu A tmanta nf i and we quote it entire, as a noble example of true poetical enthu- 
 
 by his devotion to the classics and other departme It alone would establish the author's claim to the honours 
 
 learning, he left college in 1812, was admitted to the 
 Bar in 1815, and commenced practice in the village of 
 Great Harrington, where he soon after married. His cele 
 brated poem of Thanatopsis, was written when between 18 
 and 19 years of age, and appeared in the North American 
 Review for 1816. His longest poem, The Ages, a survey 
 of the experience of mankind, was delivered before the 
 Phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard College in 1821. It 
 was pub. with some other poems at Cambridge in 1821. 
 His well-known poem To a Water Fowl, Inscription for an 
 entrance to a Wood, and a number of other brilliant effu 
 sions, were written whilst still a resident of Great Bar- 
 rington. Ten years' experience of legal life, though re 
 warded with more than ordinary success, determined Mr. 
 Bryant to devote himself to the more congenial pursuits 
 of literature. He removed to New York in 1825, and in 
 conjunction with another gentleman, established The New 
 York Review and Athenaeum Magazine, in which appeared 
 some of his best poems. In 1826 he became editor of the 
 New York Evening Post, with which he has ever since been 
 connected. In 1827 he was associated with Mr. Verplanck 
 and Mr. Sands in the production of The Talisman, an An 
 nual. Mr. Sands died in 1832, and Mr. Verplanck and Mr. 
 Bryant edited his works. In 1834 he travelled for some time 
 in Europe, and in 1845 and 1849, repeated his visit. He 
 has embodied his observations on Europe and this country, 
 in his Letters of a Traveller in Europe and America. A 
 collection of his poems was pub. in 1832 in New York, and 
 soon after in Boston ; and Washington Irving receiving a 
 copy of it when in England, caused it to be pub. in Lon 
 don, where it was honoured by several editions^ In 1842 
 
 he pub. The Fountain and other Poems ; in 1844, The 
 White-Footed Deer, and other Poems ; and in 1846 a hand 
 some edition of his complete Poetical Works was issued by 
 Carey and Hart, Philadelphia. Mr. Bryant's works are 
 now published by Messrs. D. Appleton <fc Co. of New York, 
 who have shown their usual good judgment and taste in is 
 suing them in various styles to suit all purchasers. For the 
 above facts we are indebted to Griswold's Poets and Poetry 
 of America, to which the reader is referred for a fuller no 
 tice of this gifted author and his poems. As editor for the 
 last thirty years of the New York Evening Post, a leading 
 
 Democratic journal, and by his contributions to periodicals arffcgj^ j^JKi^Sin by the grap^pic'turroflts 
 in the shape of reviews, tales, Ac., Mr. Bryant has proved | merits f drawn fe the vivi(i u of the man whom ^ 
 
 himself as great a master of prose as he is of poetry. ^ Whilst | country and his age delight to honour? 
 our space forbids any thing like an extended analysis otthe j Bryant's writings transport us into the depths of the solemn 
 great merits of Mr. Bryant's poetry, we shall not feel jus- I primeval forest, to the shores of the lonely lake the banks of the 
 tified in closing this article without quoting some opinions wild nameless stream, or the brow of the rocky upland, rising like 
 which will justly carry with them more weight than any a promontory from amidst a wide ocean of foliage ; while they shed 
 .... * A i,- 1,1 * ~p around us the glories of a climate fierce in its extremes, but splen- 
 
 criticism of our own. A highly commendatory notice of did in all its v > lssitudes ._ WASHINGTON IBVING . 
 
 of genius. ... It is indeed in the beautiful that the genius of 
 Bryant finds its prime delight. lie ensouls all dead, insensate 
 things, in that deep and delicate sense of their seeming life, in. 
 which they breathe and smile before the eyes ' that love all they 
 look upon,' and thus there is animation and enjoyment in the 
 heart of the solitude. Here are some lines [Inscription for the En 
 trance to a Wood] breathing a woodland and (you will understand 
 us) a Wordsworthian feeling : while we read them, as Burns says, 
 < our hearts rejoice in nature's joy,' and in our serene sympathy 
 we love the poet. . . . That his writings 'are imbued with the in 
 dependent spirit and the buoyant aspirations incident to a youth 
 ful, a free, and a rising country,' will not, says Mr. Irving, be the 
 ' least of his merits.' In the eyes of Mr. Rogers, to whom the vo 
 lume is inscribed, [edited by Washington Irving; Andrews, Lon 
 don, 1882, 8vo,l and in ours, it is one of the greatest; for we too 
 belong to a country who, though not young God bless her, auld 
 Scotland I hath yet an independent spirit and buoyant aspira 
 tions which she is not loath to breathe into the bosom of one of 
 her aged children." CHRISTOPHER NORTH : Black-wood's Magazine, 
 April, 1832, p. 646. 
 
 " There is running through the whole of this little collection, a 
 strain of pure and high sentiment, that expands and lifts up the 
 soul, and brings it nearer to the source of moral beauty. This is 
 not indefinitely and obscurely shadowed out, but it animates bright 
 images and clear thoughts." W. PHILLIPS : N. American Review, 
 xiii. 380; notice of The. Ages and other Poems, pub. at Cambridge, 
 1821, pp. 44. 
 
 " Others before him have sung the beauties of creation, and the 
 greatness of God; but no one ever observed external things more 
 closely, or transferred his impressions to paper in more vivid co 
 lours. A violet becomes, in his hands, a gem fit to be placed in an 
 imperial diadem; a mountain leads his eyes to the canopy above 
 it. On the whole, we may pronounce the book before us the best 
 volume of American poetry that has yet appeared. The publication 
 of such a volume is an important event in our literature. We 
 have been too much in the habit of looking abroad for examples 
 and models ; and our poets, generally, have had the usual fortune 
 of imitators, their copies have fallen short of the originals." W. 
 J. SWELLING : N.American Review, xxxiv. 502 ; notice of the edition 
 0/1832, Bliss, New York, 8vo. 
 
 " His name is classical in the literature of the language. Wher 
 ever English poetry is read and loved, his poems are known by 
 heart. Collections of poetry, elegant extracts, school-books, Na 
 tional Readers, and the like, draw largely upon his pieces. Among 
 American poets his name stands, if not the very first, at least 
 among the two or three foremost. Some of his pieces are perhaps 
 greater favourites with the reading public than any others written 
 in the United States." G. S. HILLARD : N. American Review, Iv. 
 500. (Notice of edition of 1843, Wiley & Putnam, New York and 
 London, 12mo, pp. 100.) 
 
 Can we better conclude our notice of the poetry of this 
 
 the Water-Fowl, Green River, Inscription for the Entrance 
 into a Wood, and Thanatopsis, will be found in the Lon- 
 
 The only fault that we have to find with Mr. Bryant is 
 that he has written so little, and has chosen to scatter 
 
 don (old) Retrospective Review-a periodical very chary hig brilliance amidst a con8tellation of little poetic stars> 
 of praise-for 1824. We extract a few hues : _ | rathef than to concentrate the light of his genius in some 
 
 immortal work, which should shine as a planet in the lite 
 rary horizon to the latest generation. 
 
 Letters of a Traveller in Europe and America, N. York, 
 
 12mo. 
 " Mr. Bryant's style in these Letters is an admirable model of 
 
 'The verses of Mr. Bryant (the best of the American Poets) 
 come as assuredly from the ' well of English undefiled,' as the 
 finer compositions of Mr. Wordsworth ; indeed, the resemblance 
 between the two living authors might justify a much more invi 
 dious parallel. It is quite idle to set up for America the benefit 
 
 of a young language : she does not require it. She can stand upon ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 
 
 her own ground even now; and it may be, that if we pursue our j descriptive Vrose. "without'any appearanceTf Iabour~,7tVnu~ishe.l 
 rivalry, we may (in some classes of literature) have in the course , ^th an exquisite grace. The genial love of nature, and the lurk- 
 of time, no such overwhelming cause for exultation." ing tendency to humour, which it everywhere betrays, prevent 
 
 This compliment was elicited by Mr. Jefferson s remark its severe simplicity from running into hardness, and gives it 
 
 " When we shall have existed as a people as long as the Greeks freshness and occasional glow in spite of it prevailing propriety 
 did before they produced Homer, the Romans a Virgil, the French and reserve." Harper's New Monthly Magazine. 
 a Racine and Voltaire, the English a Shakspeare and Milton; g ee a i so L on> Month. Rev., cxxvii. 490; For. Quar. 
 should this reproach be still true, we will inquire from what un- p _ 191. phrJa KVam w{\ W /Kir W P T * \ 
 friendly causes it has proceeded, that the other countries of Eu- Kev ;> x ' .J*^ Chr !f: ****> n ' \> 7 *n, W 
 
 rope and quarters of the earth shall not have inscribed any name j South - Llfc - Mess -> ul - 41 5 Amer - Qar. Rev., xx. 504; De 
 of ours on the roll of poets." | Bow's Rev., ix. 577, (by T. A. Turner;) Democrat. Rev., vi. 
 
 Mr. Jefferson here refers to the contemptuous assertion J 273, xvi. 185 ; U.S. Lit. Gaz., i. 8; Phila. Mus., xx. 578, 
 of the Abbe" Raynal, that America had not produced a | xxi. 404. A new ed. of Bryant's Poetical Works, collected 
 single man of genius. The depreciating query of the ' and arranged by the author, illustrated with 71 engravings, 
 witty Canon of St. Paul's will immediately occur to the ' Lon., 1858. 
 reader's mind, but is so trite that we are afraid to quote it. | Bryars, John, Rector of Billingford, Norfolk. Cha- 
 
 The Retrospective Review still further remarks, " The : rity Sermon, Phil. iv. 17, 1711, 8vo. Funeral of a Day 
 Inscription for the Entrance into a Wood reminds us both j Labourer, St. John ii. 26, 1712, 8vo. 
 
 of Wordsworth and Cowper." We make an extract from j Bryce, James. An Account of the Yellow Fever, 
 along and interesting review of Bryant's poetry by one Edin., 1796, 8vo. The Cow Pox, Edin., 1802, 8vo; 2J 
 
 of the highest authorities in the language, distinguished 
 for its contempt of mediocrity : 
 
 " His poetry overflows with natural religion with what Words- 
 vforth calls the ' religion of the woods.' This reverential awe of 
 the Invisible pervades the verses entitled Thanatopsis and Forest 
 Hymn, imparting to them a sweet solemnity which must affect all 
 thinking hearts." 
 
 After pointing out some faults in Forest Hymn, the re 
 viewer proceeds : 
 
 " Thanatopsis is more original both in conception and execution ; 
 
 edit, enlarged, 1809, 8vo. 
 
 Bryce, James, D.D. British India, Lon., 1810, 8vo. 
 Sketch of Native Education in India, 8vo. 
 
 " A very valuable and seasonable publication." Asiatic Journal. 
 
 "This able volume." New Monthly Magazine. 
 
 "Dr.Bryce's work may be read with advantage even in refer 
 ence to the present state of the question of national education in 
 this country." Atlas. 
 
 "This excellent volume." United Service Gaz. 
 
 Bryckiuton, Stephen. See BIRCHIXGTON. 
 
 271 
 
BRY 
 
 BRY 
 
 Brydall, or Bridall, John, b. 1635, in Somerset 
 shire, was educated at Queen's College, Oxford. He set 
 tled in Lincoln's Inn, and became equally celebrated for 
 his loyalty and law-books. Jus Imaginis apud Anglos, 
 1671, 8vo. Speculum Juris Anglicam, or a View of the 
 Laws of England as they are divided into Statutes, Com 
 mon Law, and Customs, 1673, 8vo. Jus Sigilli, 1673. 
 Jus Criminis, 1675, 8vo. Camera Regis, 1696, 8vo. De- 
 cus et Tutamen, 1679, 8vo. Jura Coronae, 1680, 8vo. Col 
 lection of the Laws of England touching matters Crimi 
 nal, 1696, 8vo. Ars Transferendi, 1679, 8vo. 
 
 " This book contains some very useful materials for the student's 
 legal reflections." 
 
 Non Compos Mentis, 1700, Svo. Lex Spuriorum, 1703, 
 8vo. Declaration relative to the Temporal Lords in Par 
 liament, 1704, fol. 
 
 Bryden, William, D.D. Sermon, 1778, 8vo. 
 Brydges, Sir Grey, Lord Chandos, d. 1621, called, 
 "from his magnificent style of living," King of Cotswould, 
 is supposed to have been the author of Horse Subsecivae, 
 Lon., 1626, 8vo. Wood ascribes this work to Gilbert, 
 Lord Cavendish. Malone is disposed to attribute it to 
 William Cavendish. Thomas Baker, Dr. White Kennet, 
 and Horace Walpole, consider its authorship a matter of 
 great doubt, and Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges is evidently 
 disposed to adopt it on behalf of the House of Chandos. 
 See this knotty point discussed in Park's Walpole's R. and 
 N. Authors, Brydges's Memoirs of King James's Peers, 
 and in Censura Literaria, 2d edit., vi. 192. 
 
 Brydges, Sir Harford Jones. Dynasty of the 
 Kajars, trans, from the Persian, 1833, 12mo. Account 
 of the Transactions of his Majesty's Mission to Persia, 
 1807-11, 2 vols. Svo, 1834. 
 
 "Sir Harford succeeded in his great object, and concluded a 
 treaty with Persia, when the French influence had already baffled 
 and driven away our English agent Sir John Malcom." MORIER. 
 Brydges, Hon. and Rev. Henry. Sermons, 1701/09. 
 Brydges, Sir Samuel Egerton, 1762-1837, "a 
 man to all the book tribe dear," was a native of Wotton 
 Court, Kent. He was the second son of Edward Brydges, 
 Esq., of that place, by Jemima, daughter and co-heiress 
 of the Rev. William Egerton, LL.D., Prebendary of Can 
 terbury. He was educated at the Grammar School at 
 Maidstone for four years, for five at the King's School, 
 Cambridge, and in 1780 was entered of Queen's College, 
 Cambridge. He was called to the Bar in 1787, but never 
 applied with much zeal to its duties. In 1812 he was 
 elected to Parliament from Maidstone, and continued a 
 member until 1818, when he removed to the continent, 
 where he remained residing at Paris, Geneva, in Italy, <fec., 
 until his death in 1837. We now come to notice a mat 
 ter respecting which Sir Egerton (for so he is commonly 
 styled) permitted few of his readers to remain long igno 
 rant. After the death of the last Duke of Chandos in 
 1790, Sir Egerton induced his brother, the Rev. Edward 
 Tymewell Brydges, to prefer a claim to the Barony of Chan 
 dos, upon the ground of alleged descent from a younger 
 son of the first Brydges who wore that title. The House 
 of Peers pronounced its decision in 1803, " that the peti 
 tioner had not made out his claim to the title and dignity 
 of Baron Chandos." This was a death-blow to the ambi 
 tious hopes of the aspiring litterateur, and the effects of 
 his disappointment were permitted to mar many pages of 
 profound lore and rare beauty. It is not thought by those 
 best qualified to judge, that any injustice was done to him 
 self or brother in the premises. Those who are curious 
 on this subject can refer to Mr. G. F. Beltz's Review of 
 the Chandos Peerage Case, Lon., 1834, Svo, and to Sir 
 Egerton's edit, of Collins's Peerage. Sir Egerton, not 
 withstanding this adverse decision, declared that he could 
 assert his rights by Common Law ; and upon this presump 
 tion he was wont to add to his signature " per legum Terrse 
 B. C. of S." But in 1814 he received a more substantial ho 
 nour in the shape of a baronetcy. In his novel of Arthur 
 Fitz-Albini the reader will find recorded much of the author's 
 sombre experience. Like Lord Byron, whom in some re 
 spects he resembled, Sir Egerton is continually presenting 
 his own woful visage in his gloomy galleries. As a writer 
 Sir Egerton has conferred substantial benefits on the lite 
 rature of his country, especially in his researches in early 
 English poetry. His publications were numerous : Son 
 nets and Poems, Lon., 1785-95; 4th edit., 1808, Svo. The 
 celebrated ECHO AND SILENCE, so highly commended by 
 Wordsworth, appeared in this collection. The Topogra 
 pher, a monthly miscellany, in conjunction with the Rev. 
 Stebbing Shaw, April, 1789, to June, 1791, 4 vols. 8vo. To 
 pographical Miscellanies, 4to, 1792 ; only about 200 pages 
 printed. Mary de Clifford; a Novel, 1792, 1800, Svo. 
 272 
 
 Verses relative to the Constitution, and other Poems, 1794, 
 4to. Arthur Fitz-Albini; a Novel, 1798-99, 2 vols. Svo. 
 Reflections on the Augmentations of the British Peerage, 
 &c., anon., 1798, Svo. Tests of the National Wealth and 
 Finances, 1798, Svo. A new edit, of Theatrum Poetarum 
 Anglicanorum by Phillips, (the nephew of John Milton,) 
 1SOO, Svo. Le Forester ; a Novel, 1802, 3 vols. Svo. Me 
 moirs of Peers in the reign of James I., 1802, Svo. Cen 
 sura Literaria, containing Titles, Abstracts, and Opinions 
 of OLD ENGLISH BOOKS, 1805-09, 10 vols. Svo : a 2d edit, 
 of only 100 copies was pub. in 1815, with a general index, 
 and a chronological arrangement of the titles. Copies of 
 this 2d edit, have become so rare (1854) that a standing 
 and oft-repeated order of the writer's remained for two 
 years in London before it could be supplied. We know 
 of but one other copy in the city of Philadelphia, in the 
 library of Professor C. D. Cleveland, the intelligent author 
 of English Literature, and English Literature of the 19th 
 Century. A reprint in say four royal octavo vols., at about 
 a guinea per volume, we predict would have a good sale. 
 We also venture to suggest the reprinting of The British 
 Bibliographer, and Restituta. Thereby an important bene 
 fit would be conferred on the present generation. To these 
 three valuable works Mr. Joseph Haslewood was a large 
 contributor. British Bibliographer, 1810-14, 4 vols. Svo. 
 Restituta; or Titles, Extracts, and Characters of OLD 
 BOOKS in English Literature Revived, 1814-16, Svo. A new 
 edit, of Collins's Peerage of England, 1806-12, 9 vols. Svo. 
 ; The sensitive and gifted accuser, with inexhaustible powers to 
 charm and to instruct, has even stooped to the drudgery of editing 
 a Peerage of nine volumes, in order that a few of its pages might 
 transmit to posterity a record of his wrongs." 
 
 ' The Ruminator, a series of Moral, Critical, and Senti 
 mental Essays, 1813, 2 vols. Svo. The Sylvan Wanderer, 
 1S13, Svo; 2dpart, 1815. Letters on the Poor Laws, 1813, 
 Svo. Occasional Poems, 1814, 8vo. Bertram, a Poem, 
 1815, Svo. Excerpta Tudoriana, or Extracts from Eliza 
 bethan Literature, 1814-18, 2 vols. Svo. Reasons, <fcc., 
 relative to the Copy Right Act of Queen Anne, 1817. Po 
 pulation and Riches, 1819. Coningsby, 1819. Atavias 
 Regia, 1820, 4to. Res Literariae, 1820-21, 3 vols. Svo. 
 The Hall of Hellingsey, 1821, 3 vols. Svo. Libellus Ge- 
 bensis, 1822. Letters from the Continent, 1821, 8vo. 
 What are Riches? 1821, Svo. Polyanthea Librorum Ve- 
 tustiorum, 1822, Svo. Letters on Lord Byron, 1824, Svo. 
 Gnomica; detached Thoughts, 1824, Svo. Odo, Count of 
 Lingen, a Poem, 1824. Theatrum Poetarum, 1S24, Svo. 
 Cimelia, &c., 1823. Recollections of Foreign Travel, 1825, 
 2 vols. Svo. Stemmata Illustria, 1825, fol. Lex Terrse, 
 1831, 8vo. The Anglo-Genevan Critical Journal for 1831, 
 2 vols. Svo. Expositions on the Parliamentary Reform 
 Bill, 1831, Svo. Lake of Geneva, 1831, 2 vols. Svo. Ven- 
 dica, 1832, fol. Imaginary Biography, 1834, 3 vols. De- 
 sultoria, 1842, 12mo. The Anti-Critic, 1822, Svo. A Note 
 on the Suppression of Memoirs announced by the Author 
 in June, 1825. Paris, 1825, 12mo. The Autobiography, 
 Times, Opinions, and Contemporaries of Sir Egerton 
 Brydges, 1834, 2 vols. Svo. Many of these works, and 
 some pot named, were pub. abroad, at Geneva, Florence, 
 Ac. We do not enumerate all the works printed by Sir 
 Egerton at his private press at the mansion of his son. 
 Lee Priory, near Canterbury. A list will be found in 
 Martin's Catalogue of Privately Printed Books, pp. 379- 
 404 ; and see H. G. Bohn's Guinea Cat., 1841. 
 
 " The number of copies printed there has in no case exceeded one 
 hundred ; and I have reason to believe that the complete sets fall 
 short of thirty." Sir Egerton Brydges to Dr. T. F. Dibdin. 
 
 See memoir in Lon. Gent. Mag. Not satisfied with this 
 hydra-headed catalogue of his works, to which others 
 might be added, our prolific author, who could write 2000 
 sonnets in one year, edited a number of works, and con 
 tributed to the Gent. Mag. and other periodicals of the 
 day. Of the merits of his edition of Milton's poetical 
 works, we have a weighty certificate from a learned stu 
 dent of Milton, the last editor of his poetical works : 
 
 "We are most deeply indebted to him for his labours of love 
 upon our great Epic; for no critic, not excepting Addison hinis. it, 
 has had a more just appreciation of the genius of Milton, or has 
 criticised him with truer taste or sounder judgment. . . . " 
 consider, on the whole, the best edition of Milton." Clfreland i 
 English Literature of 19th Century, Phila., 1853. 
 
 We append extracts from the reviews by the London 
 and Edinburgh Quarterlies of his Autobiography. It will 
 be observed that the difference of opinion is very con 
 siderable : 
 
 "Those who like lively and spirited sketches of men and mat 
 ners, diversified with short critical digressions, sometimes wise, 
 always clever, will find a large fund of entertainment in these vc 
 lumes. \Ve have perhaps bestowed more space on them than some 
 readers may think they deserved ; but the truth is, that Sir Egerton 
 
BRY 
 
 as any author of our times." Lon. Quarterly Review, li. 363. 
 
 " The author before us is as intimately persuaded of the reality 
 of his powers, of the solidity of his reputation, as if the loud huz 
 zas of the literary world were borne to his retreat. The amabihs 
 insania (the delusion is too proud, too strong for ordinary vanity) 
 cheats, soothes, flatters, to the verge of the abyss. All that criti 
 cism could prove, all that neglect severest of all critics could 
 teach, fall vain and unheeded on the sons of a nature of this 
 mould. Nursed in the tastes and habits of genius, it mistakes 
 the tastes for the capacities ; in the 1 habits (making now no mis 
 take) it feels its reward ; and if the individual author were the 
 sole concern of the critic, here we might stop at once, leaving him 
 in unlimited possession of a delusion it would be idle and cruel 
 to destroy." Edin. Review, lix. 439. 
 
 " In this singular work [Autobiography] there are lofty concep 
 tions enough to form a poet, and moral wisdom enough to make a 
 sage. It is a book that to be estimated must be read with an ho 
 nest and true heart; much must be forgiven, and much over 
 looked : but after all that is offensive and all that is eccentric is 
 removed from the surface, there will remain a knowledge, a power, 
 a feeling, and a perseverance, that must inspire respect and admi 
 ration. We hesitate not to say that in these volumes are some of 
 the most beautiful passages that are to be found in English prose." 
 Lon. Gent. Mag., March, 1835. 
 
 Brydone, Patrick, b. about 1743, d. 1818, a native 
 of Berwickshire. Travels through Sicily and Malta, Lon., 
 1774, 2 vols. 8vo; dedicated to Mr. Beckford: trans, into 
 several foreign languages. 
 
 "Liveliness of description of scenery and manners, couched in 
 an easy and elegant style, has rendered these volumes extremely 
 popular, notwithstanding they do not display much learning or 
 knowledge, and are even sometimes superficial and inaccurate." 
 STEVENSON. 
 
 Mr. Brydone makes a sad exposure of ignorance in his 
 remarks on the Carronico Recupero : 
 
 i( These observations,in the present more advanced state of geo 
 logy, are scarcely deserving of notice." 
 
 Mr. Brydone pub. some papers in Phil. Trans., 1757, '87. 
 
 Brydson, Thomas. A Summary View of Heraldry, 
 Edin., 1785, 8vo. 
 
 " It is a pleasing circumstance to find elegance and liberal in 
 formation thus happily connected with a science usually perplexed, 
 as Heraldry is, by technical terms and grotesque figures. The 
 historian and the poet, nay the lawyer and the politician, will 
 peruse it with pleasure." British Critic. 
 
 "Deserving of being called the Philosophy of Heraldry." 
 LOWNDES. 
 
 " An elegant and entertaining work." MOULE. 
 
 Observations respecting Precedency, Lon., 1812, 4to. 
 
 Bryer, James. Inoculation of Cow-Pox, Lon., 1802, 
 8vo. Probably by James Bryce. 
 
 Brymer, Thomas Parr. Sermon, Lon., 1840, 8vo. 
 
 Brymner, Alex. Con. to Med. Comm., 1775. 
 
 Bryn, M. Lafayette, M.D., of New York. Remi 
 niscences of History. Daring Deeds of Women. Random 
 Shots. The Repository of Wit and Humour. 
 
 " There are hours when men need relaxation from the sterner 
 labours of life, both bodily and mental. In these seasons, such a 
 volume as the above is a desirable companion, and affords that re 
 lief which the mind needs." 
 
 Bryskett, Lodowick. Discourse of Civill Life, Ac., 
 Lon., 1606, 4to. 
 
 " Spenser, the friend of the author, is introduced as one of the 
 colloquists in this Discourse, which Malone supposes to have been 
 composed between 1584 and 1589." 
 
 Mourning Muse of Thestylis. Quoted by Todd in his 
 edit, of Milton. The Mourning Muses of Lod. Bryskett 
 upon the deathe of the moste noble Sir Philip Sidney, 
 Knight, Aug. 22, 1587. This poem will be found in Spen 
 ser's works. 
 
 " To Bryskett, Spenser addresses the 23d sonnet in his Amoretti. 
 and to the same literary friend we probably owe much that has 
 descended to us of the incomparable Faery Queen." Ritson's 
 Bibliog. Poe.tica. 
 
 We extract a portion of the Sonnet to which Ritson refers : 
 " Great wrong I doe, I can it not deny, 
 To that most sacred Empresse. my dear dred, 
 Not finishing her Queene of Faery, 
 That mote enlarge her living prayses, dead : 
 But Lodwick, this of grace to me aread ; 
 Do ye not thinck th' accomplishment of it, 
 Sufficient worke for one man's simple head, 
 All were it, as the rest, but rudely writ?" 
 
 Bryson, James. 13 Sermons, Belf., 1778, 8vo. 
 
 Wry son, T. Lectures on Rom. viii., 1795, 12mo. 
 
 " Spiritual and evangelical." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Bryton, Anne. Richmond ; a Pastoral, Lon.,1780, 4to. 
 
 Buc, or Buck, Sir George, d. 1623, a native of 
 Lincolnshire, is commended by Camden as a person of ex 
 cellent learning, who had "remarked many things in his 
 histories, and courteously communicated his observations 
 to him." The Third Universitie of England, Lon., 1615, 
 fol. ; and afterwards appended to Stowe's Chronicles by 
 Howes. This work contains a history of the colleges and 
 schools of London. The Life and Reign of Richard III., 
 Lon., 1646, '47 ; printed in Rennet's Hist, of England. 
 Malone denies this to be our author's, but Ritson insists 
 18 
 
 BUC 
 
 upon the contrary. The same view is taken of the cha 
 racter of Richard III. as that advocated by Horace Wai- 
 pole in his Historic Doubts. An Eclog treating of 
 Crownes and of Garlands, Lon., 1605, 4to. The Great 
 Plantagenet, Lon., 1635, 4to. 
 
 "This appears to be a reprint of the former, with very consider 
 able alterations, by some fellow who assumed his name." RITSON. 
 
 Buccleugh, Duke of. Con. to Edin. Phil. Trans., 
 1788; a Register of the Weather for 10 years. 
 
 Buch, C. W. Trans, of K. R. Hagenbach's Compen 
 dium of the History of Doctrines, 2 vols. 8vo; being vols. 
 iii. and vi. of Clarke's Foreign Theol. Library. 
 
 " Distinguished for its brevity, its clear statements of the lead 
 ing points, its great candour, its ample references to the body of 
 contemporaneous literature." Bibliotheca Sacra. 
 
 Buchan, Alexander Peter, d. 1824, was a son of 
 the author of Domestic Medicine, which work he prepared 
 for its 21st edition ; pub. Lon., 1813, 8vo. The 29th Amer. 
 edit, was pub. in 1854. He also edited Armstrong on the 
 Diseases of Children, Lon., 1808, 8vo, and pub. some 
 works on Sea Bathing, the Warm Bath, <fec., 1797-1818. 
 
 Buchan, Christiana. History of the Christian 
 Church to the 19th Century, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 " The aim of the author has been rather to state facts, than ex 
 press opinions." 
 
 Buchan, David Stewart Erskine, Lord Card- 
 ross, and Earl of, 1742-1829, an eccentric nobleman 
 of literary tastes, may perhaps be justly considered the 
 founder of the Society of Antiquaries, Scotland. His 
 lordship contributed to the Trans, of this society, to 
 Grose's Antiquities of Scotland, the Gentleman's Maga 
 zine, <fec. In conjunction with Walter Minto, he pub., 
 Edin., 1787, 4to, An Account of the Life, Writings, and 
 Inventions of Napier of Merchiston. An Essay on the 
 Lives and Writings of Fletcher of Saltoun and the poet 
 Thomson, with some pieces of Thomson never before pub 
 lished, Lon., 1792, 8vo. He instituted an annual comme 
 moration of Thomson. Other works. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott seems to have had a singular source of 
 consolation when attending his lordship's funeral : he re 
 marks : 
 
 " At least I have not the mortification of thinking what a deal 
 of patronage and fuss Lord Buchau would bestow on my funeral." 
 
 This reflection will be better understood by reference to 
 Lockhart's Life of Scott. 
 
 Buchan, Peter. Account of the Family of Keith, 
 &c., Peterhead, 1820, 12mo. Gleanings of Scotch, Eng 
 lish, and Irish, scarce old Ballads, Peterhead, 1825, 18mo. 
 
 " A curious and valuable collection of songs, containing much 
 information relative to their localities and authors." LOWNDES. 
 
 Witchcraft Detected and Prevented, or the School of 
 Black Art newly opened, Peterhead, 1826, 18mo. Scrip 
 tural and Philosophical Arguments ; or Cogent Proofs 
 from reason and revelation that Brutes have souls, Peter- 
 head, 1824, 12mo. Ancient Ballads and Songs of the 
 North of Scotland, 1828, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Buchan, William, M.D., 1729-1805, was a native 
 of Ancrum, Scotland. Domestic Medicine, Lon., 1769, 
 8vo. This work was received with such favour that it at 
 tained its 19th edit. (80,000 copies) in the lifetime of the 
 author. The 21st edit, was pub. by A. P. Buchan, M.D., 
 in 1813, 8vo, (later edits.,) and the 29th Amer. edit, in 
 1854. It has been translated into many European lan 
 guages. The Empress of Russia honoured the author 
 with an autograph letter and a gold medal. Advice to 
 Mothers, Lon., 1803, 8vo. Other profess, works. 
 
 Buchanan, Allan, d. 1749. Sermons on interesting 
 subjects, Edin., 1791, 8vo. 
 
 Buchanan, Andrew. Rural Poetry, 1817, 12mo. 
 
 Buchanan,. Charles. Sermons, 1710, 12mo. 
 
 Buchanan, Claudius, D.D., 1766-1815, a native of 
 Cambuslang, near Glasgow, Scotland, educated at Queen's 
 College, Cambridge, was distinguished for his laborious 
 efforts to introduce Christianity into India and other Bri 
 tish possessions. Eight Sermons, Edin., 1812, 8vo : of 
 these the most celebrated is The Star in the East, of which 
 a 7th edit., with three Jubilee Sermons, was pub. in 1810. 
 
 " Interesting sermons : strongly marked by the various know 
 ledge, the spirit of fervent yet rational piety, and of warm yet en- 
 lightened benevolence, which distinguish the writings of Dr. 
 Buchanan." Lon. Christian Observer. 
 
 Ecclesiastical Establishment for British India. Lon., 
 1805, 4to. Christian Researches in Asia, Lon., 1811, 8vo : 
 5th edit., 1812. 
 
 " A book that greatly tended to excite the present missionary 
 spirit." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Remarks on the Christian Researches, by Major John 
 Scott Warring, Lon., 1812, 8vo. An Apology for promot 
 ing Christianity in India, Lon., 1813, 8vo. Other publi 
 cations. Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Dr. Clau- 
 
BUG 
 
 dins Buchanan, by Dr. Hugh Pearson, Lon., 1819, 2 vols. 
 8vo ; 5th edit., 1 vol. 12mo, 1846. 
 
 " Dr. Buchanan was an eminent instrument raised up of God 
 and honoured by him, to do much for the kingdom of our Lord 
 Jesus Christ in India, and to give a great impulse to the mission 
 ary spirit that had been kindled in our own country. The Memoir 
 of his life is full both of valuable information and of profitable 
 Christian thoughts." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Buchanan, David, a Scotchman. Humanae Animae, 
 Paris, 1636, 8vo. Histoire de la Conscience, 1638, 12mo. 
 
 wherein the Scots are particularly concerned, from the 
 very first Beginning of these unhappy Troubles to this 
 day, Lon., 1645, 12mo. 
 
 Buchanan, David. To this gentleman we are in 
 debted for the article " Aberdeen" in the 7th edit. Encyc. 
 
 " We looked over the article on Aberdeen, and so correctly and 
 recently has it been written, that notice is taken of the improve 
 ments in our harbour, which were begun the other day." Aber 
 deen Journal. 
 
 Buchanan, Francis. Journey from Madras through 
 the Countries of Mysore, Canara, and Malabar, Lon., 1807, 
 3 vols. 4to. 
 
 " Buchanan's Tour in the Mysore contains more valuable matter 
 than almost any other book of Travels. He was sent into the 
 countries he surveyed by order of Government, and, of course, en 
 joyed singular advantages." Renouard" 1 s communication to tJie 
 editors of the Mines de P Orient. 
 
 " Much information, not well arranged or agreeably communi 
 cated, on the most valuable productions of these districts, on their 
 climate, manufactures, and the manners, religion, &c. of their in 
 habitants." STEVENSON. 
 
 Account of the Kingdom of Nepaul, <fec. Ac., by Francis 
 Hamilton, (formerly Buchanan,) 1819, 4to. 
 
 " The same character applies to this as the Tour in the Mysore 
 by the same author." STEVENSON. 
 
 An Account of the Fishes in the Ganges, <fec., Edin., 
 1822, 4to. Con. to Trans. Linn. Society, 1798, 1800. 
 
 Buchanan, George, 1506-1581, an eminent histo 
 rian and Latin poet, was a native of Killairn, county of 
 Stirling, Scotland. He was sent by his uncle, James 
 Heriot, to the University of Paris, where he applied him 
 self to his studies with great diligence. After residing at 
 this seat of learning for two years, the death of his uncle 
 reduced him to such poverty, that he was obliged to leave 
 the University, and enlist as a common soldier in the army 
 of the Duke of Albany, then commanding the French 
 forces in Scotland, and regent of the kingdom. After a 
 few months' experience of military life, he attended the 
 lectures of the celebrated John Major, and matriculated 
 at the University of St. Andrew's. Major took his pupil 
 with him to France, and in 1526 procured for him a regency 
 in the College of St. Barbe, where he took B.A. in 1527, 
 and M.A. in 1528, and gave instructions in grammar ; at 
 the same time acting as tutor to the young Earl of Cassils, 
 with whom he returned to Scotland. On the death of his 
 pupil, James V. appointed Buchanan preceptor to his 
 natural son, James, afterwards the Abbot of Kelso, who 
 died in 1548. Buchanan became an object of dislike to 
 the Franciscans by two satires Somnium and Francis 
 canus directed against the licentious lives of some mem- 
 
 BUC 
 
 General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, which gave 
 great dissatisfaction to many it being alleged that, not 
 withstanding his abilities and learning, being a layman, 
 he was unfitted for the post. He accompanied the Earl 
 of Moray to England, and whilst there addressed some 
 highly complimentary verses to Queen Elizabeth. The 
 queen had no dislike to praise, especially from the pen 
 of the learned, and she settled upon him a pension of 100. 
 He had previously been appointed, in an assembly of the 
 Scottish nobility, tutor to King James VI., and he proved 
 ^ : " independence by conferring upon his youthful majesty 
 application of the birch, the fame whereof has come 
 own to our day. He remarked of the Scottish Solomon, 
 mt he " made him a pedant because he could make no- 
 of him." He met with a severe loss in the death 
 f his patron, Moray, who was assassinated in 1570. In 
 le next year Buchanan was appointed one of the Lords 
 f the Council and Lord Privy Seal, which entitled him to 
 seat in Parliament. For the last years of his life he 
 as much afflicted with, and confined to his house by, the 
 out, and employed his leisure in the preparation of his 
 listory of Scotland, which occupied him at intervals for 
 2 or 13 years. It was pub. in 1582, Edin., fol. The 
 lainness of some of his strictures gave great offence to 
 he king, and the author was summoned to attend the 
 Council, but died before the appointed "day of compear- 
 nce." The aged historian, who had led so troubled a life 
 rom the malice of his persecutors, felt little apprehension 
 t this last display of hostility. When told that the king 
 was highly incensed at his De Jure Regni, and his Rerum 
 5coti Historia, he replied that he 
 
 ' : "\Vas not much concerned about that; for he was shortly going 
 o a place where there were few kings." 
 
 He ordered his servant to give all his money to the poor, 
 and said that if those who survived him 
 
 " Did not think proper to bury him at their own expense, they 
 ight let him lie where he was, or throw his corpse where they 
 >leased." 
 
 He was accordingly buried at the expense of the city 
 >f Edinburgh. After a life of more than ordinary hard- 
 hip, thus was gathered to his fathers and we trust to 
 hat peaceful haven "where the wicked cease from trou- 
 >ling, and the weary are at rest" one of the most famous 
 icholars whom the world has ever seen. 
 
 Rudimenta Grammatices Thomae Linacri, &c., 1550. 
 This trans, was made whilst Buchanan was tutor to the 
 3arl of Cassils. Franciscanus, et alia Poemata, Bas., 1564, 
 8vo; 1594, 8vo; Lugd. Bat., 1628, 24mo; Amst., 24mo, 
 and 1687, 12mo. Poemata et Tragediae, 1609, 8vo. Ane 
 Admonition direct to the treu Lordis maintenaris of the 
 King's Grace's authoritie, Stirling, 1571 ; Lon., by John 
 Day, 1571, 8vo; 2d edit. 1571, 8vo. De Maria Scotorum 
 Regina, totaque eius contra Regem Conjuratione, foedo 
 cum Bothuelo Adulterio, &c. ; the same in the old Scotch 
 dialect under the title, Ane Detection of the duinges of 
 Marie Queue of Scottes, touchand the murder of hir hus 
 band and hir conspiracie, adulterie, and pretended mar 
 riage with the Erie Bothwell, <fcc. ; anon, and sine anno; 
 circa 1572, supposed to have been printed by John Day, 
 London. If Buchanan is to be believed, there can be but 
 
 bers of this order. Franciscanus was written by command 
 of King James, who suspected several of the Franciscans 
 of disaffection. Buchanan was arrested on the charge of 
 heresy by Archbishop James Beaton, and confined in St. 
 Andrew's Castle, from whence he escaped to England 
 Not meeting with encouragement from Henry VIII., he 
 next visited Paris, where he found his old enemy, Cardina 
 Beaton. He now accepted a professorship in the College 
 of Guienne, at Bordeaux, where he resided for three years 
 when he removed to Paris, and from 1544 to 1547 was a 
 regent in the College of Cardinal le Moine. In the latte 
 year he accompanied his friend Andrew Govea (late prin 
 cipal of the College of Guienne) to Portugal. He remainec 
 here unmolested until the death of Govea, when upon the 
 charge of heresy he was confined in the prison of the In 
 quisition for a year and a half, from whence he was trans 
 ferred to a monastery, to be educated in the faith of th< 
 Church of Rome. He says that here he found the monk 
 moral in their deportment, but altogether ignorant of reli 
 gion. Whilst secluded in this monastery, he composed hi 
 celebrated translation of the Psalms into Latin verse 
 After regaining his freedom he visited England, Paris, an 
 Scotland, and was appointed by the Earl of Moray, Prin 
 cipal of St. Leonard's College in the University of St. An 
 drew's. He embraced the cause of the Regent Moray, am 
 wrote a Detection, <fcc., charging Queen Mary with adulter, 
 and murder. In 1567 he was appointed Moderator of th" 
 274 
 
 little doubt of the guilt of the fair Queen of Scots ; but 
 upon this point we express no opinion. Baptistes, seu 
 Tragedia de Calumnia, Francf., 1579, Svo, and 1578, Lon- 
 dini. Tragedise Sacrse Jephthes et Baptistes, Paris, 1554, 
 4to; Genev., 1593, 8vo; Amst., 1650, 8vo. The trans, of 
 Baptistes, entitled Tyrannical Government anatomized, 
 Ac., 1642, 4to, is attributed by Peck (see his Life of Milton, 
 Lon., 1740, 4to) to the illustrious author of Paradise Lost: 
 see Lowndes's Bibl. Manual, i. 282. Euripides Alcestes, 
 &c., pub. 1816, 8vo. Dialogus de Jure Regni apud Scotus, 
 Edin., 1579, 4to: in English, 1691, 12mo ; Glasg., 1750. 
 This work greatly offended King James VI. ; its political 
 sentiments are very liberal, and tend to republicanism. It 
 was answered by Adam Blackwood, Poict., 1580, '81, 8vo, 
 (vide BLACKWOOD, ADAM.) Rerum Scoti Historia, apud 
 Alex. Arbuthnetum, Edin., 1582, fol. ; in English, Lon., 
 1690, fol. 
 
 " In good modern English." BISHOP NICOLSON. 
 
 Trans, by William Bond, Lon., 1722, 2 vols. 8vo. I 
 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th books of this history 
 were pub. in English, Lon., 1705, 8vo, under the title of 
 An Impartial Account of the Affairs of Scotland, <fcc. Pa- 
 raphrasis Psalmorum Davidis Poetica, Ac., Antw., 1567, 
 8vo j Lon., 1582, 16mo. De Prosodia Libellus, Edin., 1600, 
 8vo. For other publications of Buchanan's pieces, after 
 his death, see Watt's Bibl. Brit, Lowndes's Bibl. Manual, 
 Dr. Irving's Memoirs of his Life and Writings, &c. A 
 collective edition of his works was pub. by Thomas Rud- 
 
BUG 
 
 diman, Edin., 1715, 2 vols. fol., and another by Bur- 
 man, Lugd. Bat., 1725, 2 vols. 4to. As a Latin poet it 
 would be difficult to praise Buchanan extravagantly. He 
 did more than imitate the classics : though " born out of 
 due time," his family likeness was so strong, that a re- 
 inspection of his title-page could hardly convince you that 
 you were reading the production of a Scotchman of the 
 16th century. We quote some testimonies to his excellence 
 as a poet and an historian : 
 
 " Buchanan has excelled all his brethren in the splendour as 
 well as in the variety of his triumphs ; he has rivalled the first fa- 
 vourites of the Roman Muse." 
 
 " Buchanan not only excelled all that went before him in his 
 own country, but scarce had his equal in that learned age in which 
 he lived. He spent the first flame and rage of his fancy in poetry, 
 in which he did imitate Virgil in heroics, Ovid in elegiacs, Lucre 
 tius in philosophy, Seneca in tragedies, Martial in epigrams, Homer 
 and Juvenal in satires. He copied after those great masters so 
 perfectly, that nothing ever approached nearer the original : and his 
 immortal Paraphrase on the Psalms doth shew that neither the 
 constraint of a limited matter, the darkness of expression, nor the 
 frequent return of the same or the like phrases, could confine or 
 exhaust that vast genius. At last, in his old age, when his 
 thoughts were purified by long reflection and business, and a true 
 judgment came in the room of one of the richest fancies that ever 
 was. he wrote our History with such beauty of style, easiness of 
 expression, and exactness in all its parts, that no service or honour 
 could have been done the nation like it, had he ended so noble a 
 work as he begun, and carried it on till James the Fifth's death. 
 But, being unhappily engaged in a faction, and resentment working 
 violently upon him, he suffered himself to be so strangely biased 
 that in the relations he gives of many of the transactions of his 
 own time he may rather pass for a satirist than an historian." 
 Crawford's History of the House of Este : quoted by Mackenzie. 
 
 " It cannot be denied but Buchanan was a man of admirable 
 eloquence, of rare prudence, and of an exquisite judgment; he 
 has written the History of Scotland with such elegancy and po 
 liteness that he surpasses all the writers of his age; and he has 
 even equalled the ancients themselves, without excepting either 
 Sallust or Titus Livius. But he is accused by some of being an 
 unfaithful historian, and to have shewn in his history an extreme 
 aversion against Queen Mary Stuart ; but his masterpiece is his 
 Paraphrase upon the Psalms, in which he outdid the most famous 
 poets among the French and Italians." TEISSIEB : Eloges des Hom- 
 mes Spavans, tome ii. 
 
 It is pleasing to quote the commendations of learned 
 foreigners : we give a few others : 
 
 " His style is fine and pure, and the historian appears everywhere 
 
 to speak the truth, as far as it was known to him He has 
 
 united the brevity of Sallust to the elegance and perspicuity of 
 Livy ; for these were the two authors that he chiefly intended to 
 imitate: and I do not believe that any modern historian hath 
 better succeeded in imitating the historians of antiquity." LE 
 CLERC : Bibliotheque Choisie. 
 
 " His History is written with so much purity, spirit, and judg 
 ment, that it does not appear to be the production of a man who 
 had passed all his days in the dust of a school, but of one who 
 had been all his lifetime conversant in the most important affairs 
 of state. Such was the greatness of his mind, and the felicity of 
 his genius, that the meanness of his condition and fortune has not 
 hindered Buchanan from forming just sentiments of things of the 
 greatest moment, or from writing concerning them with a great 
 deal of judgment." THUANUS : Hist. ; vide Bayle's Diet. We need 
 hardly caution the reader against the ridiculous slanders quoted 
 by Bayle. 
 
 The celebrated Montaigne refers to Buchanan as one of 
 his domestic tutors, and the Marshal de Brissac sent to 
 Piedmont to invite him to become preceptor to his son 
 Timelon de Cose". It is amusing to notice the continued 
 aversion of James VI. to Buchanan's History of Scotland. 
 In his Basilicon-Doron he recommends his son to be well 
 versed in authentic histories, but cautions him 
 
 "I mean not of such infamous invectives as Buchanan's or 
 Knox's Chronicles : and if any of these infamous libels remain 
 until your days, use the law upon the keepers thereof." 
 
 We have seen that Charles followed his father's advice, 
 and lost his head by neglecting the principles of the old 
 schoolmaster's De Jure Regni. James never forgot the 
 flagellations by means of which Buchanan quickened his 
 intellectual perceptions. He used to remark, long after, 
 of an eminent individual, that he " ever trembled at his 
 approach ; it minded him so of his pedagogue." 
 
 Richard Harvey seems to have felt somewhat of the 
 same awe. In his Philadelphos, or a defence of Brutes 
 and the Brutans History, in answer to our author, he thus 
 excites his courage for the onslaught : 
 
 " Master Buchanan, though some call you the trumpet of Scot 
 land, and some the noble scholler, yet I will be so bold as answere 
 your larum. touching the history of mighty Brute." 
 
 George Eglisem had the effrontery to claim that his 
 translation of the Psalms was superior to Buchanan's, and 
 even appealed to the University of Paris to confirm the 
 justice of his criticisms on his illustrious rival. Hereupon 
 Barclay remarks, that 
 
 "It would be more difficult to find in Buchanan's translation 
 any verses that are not good, than it would be to find any in 
 Eglisem's that are not bad." 
 
 " The most applauded of Buchanan's poetical works is his trans- 
 
 BUC 
 
 lation of the Psalms, particularly of the 104th. This Psalm has 
 been translated into Latin by nine Scottish poets. Eight of these 
 translations were printed at Edinburgh, 1699, 12mo, together with 
 the Poetic Duel of Eglisem with Buchanan." GRANGER. 
 
 Mackenzie remarks that 
 
 "Buchanan executed this translation with such inimitable 
 sweetness and elegancy, that this version of the Psalms will be 
 esteemed and admired as long as the world endures, or men have 
 any relish for poetry." Scotch Writers. 
 
 " It is generally admitted that to Scotland belongs the honour 
 of having produced the finest Latin version of the Book of Psalms. 
 At a time when literature was far from common in Europe, Bu 
 chanan, then a prisoner in a foreign land, produced a work which 
 has immortalized his name, and left scarcely any thing to be de 
 sired as far as the beauties of diction and imagery are concerned 
 in a translation of the sacred songs. It is not meant that he. 
 has always faithfully represented the meaning of the original. 
 He had not, perhaps, a sufficient stock of Hebrew knowledge to 
 enable him to do so. His studies and attainments were more of 
 a classical than of a Biblical character; and his principal aim was 
 to clothe the sentiments of David in the elegant drapery of Horace 
 and Virgil. There are twenty-nine different kinds of measure in 
 the work, in all of which he shows how completely he was master 
 of the varied forms of Latin verse. In many of the Psalms he has 
 succeeded to admiration. The CIV. has frequently been selected 
 as one of the finest specimens of sublime poetry. ... A transla 
 tion of Buchanan's Psalms into English verse was published by 
 the Rev. J. Cradock, of Maryland, 1754, 8vo." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " If we look into Buchanan, what can we say, but that the 
 learned author, with great command of Latin expression, has no 
 true relish for the emphatick conciseness and unadorned sim 
 plicity of the inspired poet?" DR. BEATTIE. 
 
 The treatise De Jure Regni apud Scotus is in the form 
 of a dialogue between Buchanan and Thomas Maitland. 
 The latter, represented as lately returned from his travels, 
 complains to the former of the proceedings against Mary, 
 Queen of Scots, for the alleged murder of her husband, 
 Lord Darnley. Buchanan justifies his countrymen, and 
 in the course of his arguments assumes grounds of a cha 
 racter so democratic as to astonish the public mind of 
 Europe. 
 
 " This book of Buchanan's has been much traduced by some 
 good kind of men, and passes for a very pernicious work. But, 
 after a careful perusal, I cannot view it in this light : he only 
 teaches that kings are not above the laws that they have sworn 
 to. and that the people may oblige them to observe them, and that 
 without this they are not bound to obey them." LE CLERC: 
 Bibliotheque Choisie. 
 
 " It has been reproached to this cultivated scholar that he gives 
 his sentiments with too much liberty. I am surprised that so 
 many critics have concurred in this censure. Is there a quality 
 in an author so honourable, so useful, as that of expressing what 
 he thinks? Is it proper that science and learning should be put 
 in prison, and dishonoured by confinement and fetters? Mise 
 rable is that nation where literature is under any form but that 
 of a republic." DR. GILBERT STUART. 
 
 "The dialogue of our illustrious countryman Buchanan, De 
 Jure Regni apud Scotus, though occasionally disfigured by the 
 keen and indignant temper of the writer, and by a predilection 
 (pardonable in a scholar warm from the schools of ancient Greece 
 and Rome) for forms of policy unsuitable to the circumstances of 
 modern Europe, bears, nevertheless, in its general spirit, a closer 
 resemblance to the political philosophy of the eighteenth century, 
 than any composition which had previously appeared." DUGALD 
 STEWART : 1st Prelim. Dizs. 1th edit. Encyc. Brit. 
 
 His Rerum Scoti Historia has, according to the different 
 politics of critics, elicited both warm commendation and 
 strong censure. Its literary merit is beyond all cavil. 
 We have already given some commendations of this work : 
 we subjoin a few others : 
 
 " In his old age he applied himself to write the Scots' History, 
 which he renewed with such judgment and eloquence, as no coun 
 try can show a better." ARCHBISHOP SPOTSWOOD. 
 
 But the archbishop disapproves of many of the his 
 torian's sentiments, whilst he lauds the author's genius. 
 Dr. Robertson speaks much in the same strain : 
 
 " If his accuracy and impartiality had been, in any degree, equal 
 to the elegance of his taste, and to the purity and vigour of his 
 style, his history might be placed on a level with the most ad 
 mired compositions of the ancients. But, instead of rejecting the 
 improbable tales of chronicle writers, he was at the utmost pains 
 to adorn them ; and hath clothed with all the beauties and graces 
 of fiction, those legends which formerly had only its wildness and 
 extravagance." History of Scotland. 
 
 " Buchanan is not sufficiently exact in his dates, nor does he 
 cite his authorities; in some parts of his history he is rather too 
 fond of the marvellous, and of putting fine speeches into the 
 mouths of his great men, in imitation of the ancient historians, 
 whose defects he has copied as well as their excellencies." Ls 
 CLERC : Bibliotheque Choijne. 
 
 Conrig commends him as a man of exquisite judgment, 
 and Bishop Burnet declares that 
 
 "His style is so natural and nervous, and his reflections on 
 things are so solid, that he is justly reckoned the greatest and 
 best of our modern authors." Hist, of the Reformation. 
 
 " The composition of his history betrays no symptoms of the 
 author's old age and infirmities; his style is not merely distin 
 guished by its correctness and elegance it breathes all the fervent 
 animation of youthful genius. The noble ideas which so fre 
 quently rise in his mind, he always expresses in language of cor 
 respondent dignity. His narrative is extremely perspicuous, varie- 
 
BUG 
 
 BUG 
 
 gated, and interesting ; it is seldom deficient, and never redundant. ' 
 His moral and political reflections are profound and masterly. He 
 is ready upon all occasions to vindicate the unalienable rights of j 
 mankind ; and he uniformly delivers his sentiments with a noble 
 freedom and energy." DR. IRVING, in Encyc. Brit. ; q. v. 
 
 When the Latinity of the writers of the English tongue 
 is called in question by learned foreigners, it is no small 
 satisfaction to be able to direct their attention to the il 
 lustrious poet of Scotland, of whom Bishop Burnet re 
 marks that 
 
 " In the writings of Buchanan there appears, not only all the 
 beauty and graces of the Latin tongue, but a vigour of mind, and 
 quickness of thought, far beyond Bembo, or the other Italians, 
 who at that time affected to revive the purity of the Roman style. 
 It was but a feeble imitation of Tully in them. In his immortal 
 poems he shews so well how he could imitate all the Roman poets 
 in their several ways of writing, that he who compares them will 
 be often tempted to prefer the copy to the original." Hist, of the 
 Reformation. 
 
 We quote a few lines from an able and eloquent review of 
 Buchanan's writings, from Blackwood's Magazine, vol. iii. ; 
 we commend the article to the attention of our readers : 
 
 "Of all the modern poets who have written in Latin, is there 
 one who has stamped upon his verses the impress of genius rioting 
 in its strength the symbol of uncontrolled might the full ma 
 jesty of freedom ? If such an one there be, who shall deserve, so 
 well, the name of a Prometheus the rival of creators the con 
 queror of bondage ? To those who doubt the power of genius to 
 overcome even these difficulties, and achieve even these tri 
 umphs, we must address only one word READ BUCHANAN." 
 
 We are not a little surprised at Mr. Hallam's estimate 
 of the merits of Buchanan. Without denying him great 
 merit, he thinks him much overrated. In thus taking 
 ground against Henry Stephens, Scaliger, Baillet, and " all 
 France, Italy, and Germany," this eminent scholar displays 
 a commendable independence the correctness of his judg 
 ment is another question and he very modestly remarks, 
 "As I have fairly quoted those who do not quite agree with my 
 self, and by both number and reputation ought to weigh more 
 with the reader, he has no right to complain that I mislead his 
 taste." Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 The distinguished critic considers that " Jonston's Psalms 
 do not fall short of those of Buchanan," and he prefers 
 the poem of the latter on the Sphere to any other of his 
 poetical productions. See Biog. Brit. ; Chalmers's Life 
 of Ruddiman; Hume; Robinson 'and Stuart's Histories; 
 Laing's Hist, of Scotland; Mackenzie's Scotch Writers; Dr. 
 David Irving's Memoirs of Buchanan's Life and Writings. 
 Buchanan, George, M.D., President Royal Phy 
 sical Society of Edinburgh. Treatise on the Typhus Fever, 
 Baltimore, 1789, 8vo. 
 
 Buchanan, George. A Treatise on Road Making, 
 Railways, Wheel Carriages, and the Strength of Animals. 
 See a notice of this work in Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Buchanan, James. Linguae Britannicae vera Pro- 
 nunciato, 1757, 8vo. Other philolog. works, 1757-70, 12mo. 
 Buchanan, James, one of the ministers of the High 
 Church, Edinburgh. Tracts for the Times, Edin., 1843, 
 12mo. Comfort in Affliction, a Series of Meditations, 
 1837, 8vo. 
 
 " A most valuable work, which I would affectionately recommend 
 to every Christian mourner." REV. HUGH WHITE : Meditations. 
 
 "They abound with all the characteristics of Mr. Buchanan's 
 richly-endowed, highly-cultivated, and thoroughly-matured mind." 
 Presbyt. Review. 
 
 Improvement of Affliction, a sequel to the above, Edin., 
 1848, 8vo; 
 
 " The utmost simplicity, combined with exquisite beauty and 
 elegance of composition, the most natural and obvious, yet full 
 and comprehensive, views of revealed truth, characterize the vo 
 lume." Church of Scotland Magazine. 
 
 The Office and Work of the Holy Spirit, Edin., 8vo; 4th 
 ed., 1843. 
 
 " Over these pages we are persuaded many a reader will linger, 
 as the diversified features of the divine administration are por 
 trayed, and, closing the volume reluctantly, will wonder what 
 ecstatic interest the personal narrative of redeemed spirits in im 
 mortality must possess, since their partial recital on earth gives 
 rise to such a fountain of feeling." Omgregatifmal Magazine. 
 
 Buchanan, James. Sketches of the History. Man 
 ners, and Customs of the North American Indians, 1824,8vo. 
 " The author is absolutely without any qualifications whatever 
 for the task he has undertaken." Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 Buchanan, John. Two Assize Sermons, 1793, 8vo. 
 Buchanan, John tanny. Travels in the Western 
 Hebrides from 1782 to 1790, Lon., 1793, 8vo. 
 
 A statistical account, containing much interesting information 
 written expressly to point out means of improvement " LOWNDES 
 A Defence of the Scots Highlanders against Pinkerton,' 
 Lon., 1794, 8vo. The author opposes Pinkerton's theory 
 as to the early history of the Scots nation. A General 
 View of the Fisheries of Great Britain, Lon., 1794, 8vo. 
 
 Buchanan, Robert, D.D., of Glasgow. The Ten 
 Years' Conflict, being the History of the Disruption of the 
 Church of Scotland, Edin., 1849, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 276 
 
 " For a complete and full study of the Scottish Church question, 
 as it has been termed. Dr. Buchanan's elaborate and able work 
 furnishes ample materials. ... In a literary point of view, the 
 work is one of very high merit. ... A work produced at such a 
 time, and by one so amply qualified, cannot fail to go down to 
 future ages as a full and authentic record of the recent remarkable 
 controversy, bearing the stamp of the high moral courage which 
 braved the severest possible test, and the moral veracity in which 
 that test found no flaw." North British Review. 
 
 " A clear and masterly exposition of the causes which led to the 
 ' Conflict,' and the varied aspects which it exhibited from its com 
 mencement, in 1833, to its issue in 1843." Evangelical Mag. 
 
 Buchanan, Robertson, Civil Engineer. Essays 
 on Mill Work, Ac., 1814, 3 vols. 8vo. ; 2d edit., 1823, 8vo. 
 Other profess, works, 1807-16. 
 
 Buchanan, William, of Auchmar. Essay upon the 
 Family and Surname of Buchanan, Glasg., 1723, 4to ; 
 Edin., 1775, 8vo; the latter contains additional matter. 
 
 Buchanan, William. Reports of certain remark 
 able Cases in the Court of Session, and Trials in the High 
 Court of Justiciary, 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Buchanan, William. Memoirs of Painting, Lon., 
 1824, 2 vols. 8vo. A valuable work. 
 
 Buck, Adam. 100 Engravings from Paintings and 
 Greek Vases, Lon., 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Buck, Charles, 1771-1815, an exemplary minister, 
 was successively stationed at Sheerness, Hackney, and 
 London. Anecdotes, Religious, Moral, and Entertaining, 
 Lon., 1799, 12mo; 6th edit., corrected, 1815, 2 vols. 12mo; 
 vol. 3, 1816, 8vo; 10th edit,, 1842, 12mo; 1 vol. 
 
 " The best collection of fects of this nature ever formed in the 
 English language. . . . The work will afford valuable assistance 
 to the religious teacher in his intercourse with mankind." DR. E. 
 WILLIAMS. 
 
 A Theological Dictionary, Lon., 1802, 2 vols. 8vo ; 1821, 
 8vo, and since much improved by Rev. Dr. Henderson ; 
 1847, 8vo ; pp. 788. 
 
 " A very excellent and useful book, the result of much labour 
 and investigation, and a remarkable talent for clearness of defini 
 tion and description. The diligence of the author has rendered it 
 very copious; and the soundness of his understanding has made 
 it abundantly instructive. It is in general free from bigotry, and 
 may be used advantageously by Protestants of all descriptions, and 
 indeed by all Christians." British Critic. 
 
 " On theological and ecclesiastical subjects the information which 
 it contains is sound and comprehensive." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 Other works. 
 
 Buck, Daniel Dana, b. 1814, in New Hampshire, 
 Theological writer. Exposition of the 24th Chap, of Mat 
 thew, 8vo, 1853. 
 
 Buck, Sir George. See BUG. 
 
 Buck, J. W. Reports of Cases in Bankruptcy from 
 1816 to 1820, Lon., 1821, r. 8vo. 
 
 Buck, or Bucke, James. Theological treatises, 
 Lon., 1639, '60, 4to. 
 
 " One of those great and good men whose works will ever be held 
 in high estimation by those who are on their way to Zion with 
 their faces thitherward." 
 
 Buck, Maximilian. Sermons, 1703, '04, '18, 8vo. 
 Buck, Robert. Sermon, Matt. vi. 13, 8vo. 
 Buck, Samuel and Nathaniel. Views of Ruins 
 of the most noted Castles and Abbeys in England, Lon., 
 1721, 3 vols. fol. Antiquities, or Venerable Remains of 
 above four hundred Castles, Monasteries, Palaces, Ac., in 
 England and Wales, Lon., 1774, 3 vols. fol.; first pub. 
 1727-40 in sets. An original subscription set was sold 
 Beckford, in 1817 for 53 11*. 
 
 Bucke, Charles, 1781-1847, a native of Worlington, 
 Suffolk, England. The Beauties, Harmonies, and Sub 
 limities of Nature, Lon., 4 vols. 8vo; new edition, en 
 larged, 1837, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " One of the most beautiful works I ever read ; it stands at the 
 very head of its class in modern times." SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH. 
 " What has been said of Lord Bacon may, with great truth, be 
 applied to Mr. Bucke, that 'his feeling for Nature was the main 
 side on which his philosophy ran into poetry, and vented itself in 
 a very graceful, as well as grand, enthusiasm, befitting one of the 
 High-Priests of Wisdom.' "Lon. Literary Chronicle. 
 Book of Human Character, Lon., 2 vols. 12mo. 
 "ilt is no exaggeration to say, that to have read the books re 
 ferred to, and quoted from, in this olio, must have been the work 
 of a man's life. The very names of the poets, philosophers, and 
 painters, scattered through the volumes, render them precious." 
 Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 "Of his style nothing can be said but in praise." ion. Montfily 
 Review. 
 
 The Book of Table Talk, Lon., 2 vols., 12mo. 
 " This entertaining book is just one to take up, read a bit of, and 
 lay down, at any idle hour." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 " The spiritual attribute of Table-talk is to be amusing ; and the 
 volumes before us are rich in that quality." 7>m. Athena-urn. 
 
 Buckeridge, or Buckridge, John, D.D., d. 1631, 
 , educated at, and Fellow of, St. John's College, Oxf., and 
 j made President thereof, 1605; Canon of Windsor, 1606; 
 I Bishop of Rochester, 1611 ; translated to Ely, 1626. Ser- 
 
BUG 
 
 mon on Romans xiii. 5, Lon., 1606, 4to. De Potestate 
 Papae in Rebus Temporalibus, <fec., Lon., 1614, 4to. 
 
 " In which book he hath so shaken the papal monarchy, and its 
 superiority over kings and princes, that none of the learned men 
 of that party did ever undertake a reply unto it." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Bishop Buckeridge printed some other sermons, 1618, <fcc. 
 
 Buckham, P. W. Remarks on the Phytolacca Do- 
 decandra, or Mustard-Tree of the Scriptures, Lon., 1827, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Frost's hypothesis is controverted with much learning 
 and ingenuity by the Rev. Mr. Buckhain, who argues that the 
 tree intended is the common mustard-tree, and who has collected 
 numerous passages from ancient botanical writers, and from mo 
 dern travellers aud botanical authors, iu support of his argument." 
 T. II. HORNE. 
 
 See Sir Thomas Browne's view of this subject in his Mis 
 cellanies : Works, edited by Wilkin, pub. by H. G. Bohn, 
 Lon., 1853, 3 vols. 
 
 Buckhurst. See SACKVILLE. 
 
 Buckingham, Duke of. See VILLIERS. 
 
 Buckingham and Chandos, Duke of. Memoirs 
 of the Court and Cabinets of George the Third; from Ori 
 ginal Family Documents, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed. 
 
 " A very remarkable and valuable publication. The Duke of 
 Buckingham has himself undertaken the task of forming a history, 
 from the papers of his grandfather and great-uncle, the Earl Tem 
 ple (first Marquis of Buckingham) aud Lord Grenville, of the days 
 of the secoud Win. Pitt. . . . The duke has moulded his material 
 with no ordinary ability and skill." Lon. Times. 
 
 "These volumes are a treasure for the politician and a mine of 
 wealth for the historian." Britannia. 
 
 Buckingham, James Silk, b. 1786, at the village 
 of Flushing, near Falmouth, England; died in London, 
 1855. " He established in London the Oriental Herald, 
 which became the precursor of several similar journals, 
 and the Athenaeum, which is now the leading literary 
 journal among those which are published weekly." He 
 was well known to the world as a lecturer, Member of 
 Parliament, and especially as an enterprising traveller. 
 
 Travels in Palestine, Lon., 1822, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "This work is both interesting and valuable in more than an 
 ordinary degree. It suggests some important corrections of geo 
 graphical errors, and adds considerably to our knowledge of the 
 less-frequented regions. Mr. Buckingham is a very clever, observ 
 ant, and meritorious traveller." Lon. Eclectic Review. 
 
 Travels among the Arab Tribes inhabiting the Countries 
 east of Syria and Palestine, Ac., 1825, 4to. Travels in 
 Mesopotamia, Ac., 1827, 4to; 2d ed., 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " One of the most valuable contributions that have been made 
 in modern times to a knowledge of the ancient and modern state 
 of Asia." ion. Globe. 
 
 Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, 1829, 4to; 2d 
 ed., 1830, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " This volume may be pronounced more interesting than any of 
 Mr. Buckingham's former Travels, as it chiefly consists of personal 
 narrative." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Tour of Belgium, Rhine, Switzerland, Ac., 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Tour in France, Piedmont, Lombardy, Ac., 2 vols. 8vo. 
 National Evils and Practical Remedies, 8vo. Coming 
 Era of Reform, 8vo. Evils of the Present System of Popu 
 lar Elections, 12mo. Parliamentary Evidence on Drunken 
 ness, 8vo. Sketch of his Voyages, Travels, Writings, Ac. 
 8vo. America : Historical, Statistic, and Descriptive, viz. : 
 Northern States, 3 vols. ; Eastern and Western States, 3 
 vols. ; Southern or Slave States, 2 vols. ; Canada, Nova 
 Scotia, New Brunswick, and the other British Provinces in 
 North America, 1 vol. ; together, 9 vols. 8vo, Lon. 1841-43. 
 
 "A very entire and comprehensive view of the United States, 
 diligently collected by a man of great acuteness and observation." 
 Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 " Mr. Buckingham goes deliberately through the States, treating 
 of all, historically and statistically, of their rise and progress, 
 their manufactures, trade, population, topography, fertility, re 
 sources, morals, manners, and education. His volumes will be 
 found a storehouse of knowledge." Lon. Athenseum. 
 
 " I am able to bear a witness's testimony to the accuracy of the 
 first three volumes of your work on America, which were my com 
 panions in my recent travels through that country ; and I found 
 that their truth, research, and general impartiality, independently 
 of higher results, made them most useful and satisfactory guides 
 and text-books. . . . You have so fully occupied the whole ground 
 that my abstaining from treading in your footprints cannot fail 
 to be generally acquiesced in." Lord Morpeth to the Author. 
 
 Autobiography, 1855, 2 vols. p. 8vo. His death occur 
 ring at this time, the third and fourth volumes, which 
 were ready for the press, were not published. The MS. 
 journals of his various travels occupy 28 folio volumes 
 closely written. 
 
 Buckingham, Joseph T., b. 1779, at Windham, 
 Connecticut, is extensively known in the United States as 
 a journalist of great experience. From 1802 to '15 he 
 was a publisher in Boston, and from 1805 to '14 issued 
 The Polyanthus, a monthly magazine. Mr. B. has also 
 been connected with The Ordeal, pub. for six months in 
 1809; The Comet, 1814-15; The New England Galaxy 
 
 BUG 
 
 and Masonic Magazine, 1817-28; The Boston Courier, 
 1824-48 ; The New England Magazine, 1832-36. 1. Speci 
 mens of Newspaper Literature, with Personal Memoirs, 
 Anecdotes, and Reminiscences, Bost., 1850, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 2. Personal Memoirs and Recollections of Editorial Life, 
 Bost., 1852, 2 vols. 16mo. These works should be in every 
 American library, and may also claim the attention of the 
 English collector, as embodying a history of British Colo 
 nial periodical literature. 
 
 Buckingham, Thomas, d. 1731, minister at Con 
 necticut, pub. an Election Sermon, entitled Moses and 
 Aaron, in 1728. 
 
 Buckland, A. C. Letters on Early Rising. Letters 
 to an Attorney's Clerk; completed by W. H. Buckland, 
 Lon., 1844, 12mo. 
 
 " Among all the kind advisers who have undertaken to teach the 
 young attorney how to rise, Mr. Buckland is perhaps the most 
 sensible and valuable." ion. Monthly Review. 
 
 Buckland, Francis T., Assistant-Surgeon 2d Life- 
 Guards, eldest son of the late Dr. W. Buckland, the geolo 
 gist, b. 1823, was educated at Oxford. Curiosities of Na 
 tural History, 1858, 1 vol. fp. 8vo, illustrated. Third edi 
 tion published within six months of its first appearance. 
 
 Buckland, John. Sermon, Lon., 1809, 4to. 
 
 Buckland, Ralph, b. about 1564, d. 1611, a native 
 of West Haptre, Somersetshire, was entered of Magdalene 
 College, Oxford, 1579, became a Roman Catholic, and spent 
 seven years in Douay College, was ordained priest, and 
 sent as a missionary to England, where he laboured for 
 twenty years. A Trans, of the Lives of the Saints, from 
 Surius. A Persuasive against Frequenting Protestant 
 Churches, 12mo. Seven Sparks of the Enkindled Flame, 
 12mo : for an account of Archbishop Usher's sermon on 
 this book, see Athen. Oxon. An Embassage from Heaven, 
 8vo. De Persecutione Vandalica; a trans, from the Latin 
 of Victor, Bishop of Biserte or Utica. 
 
 Buckland, The Very Rev. William, Dean of West 
 minster, 1784-1856, b. at Axminster, Devon, educated at 
 and Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, was appointed 
 Reader in Mineralogy in 1813, Reader in Geology, 1816, 
 Dean of Westminster, 1845. The devotion with which Dr. 
 B. has pursued his favourite subject is well known to the 
 world. Vindiciae Geologicas ; or, The Connection of Geology 
 with Religion Explained, pp. 38. Reliquiae Diluvianae; or, 
 Observations on the Organic Remains contained in Caves, 
 Fissures, and Diluvial Gravel, and on other Geological Phe 
 nomena, attesting the Action of an Universal Deluge, Lon., 
 1823, 4to. Geology and Mineralogy considered with Refer 
 ence to Natural Theology; 2d ed., 1837, 2 vols. 8vo: vol. 
 L, Geology and Mineralogy ; vol. ii., Plates, with explana 
 tions: Bridgewater Treatise. The 1000 received by the 
 learned and liberal Dr. B. are said to have been expended 
 by him on the plates of this work. Read a review of the 
 same in the Lon. Quarterly Review, Ivi. 31, where many 
 quotations are given from the volume: 
 
 "We must here, however unwillingly, bring to a conclusion our 
 quotations from this most instructive and interesting volume, of 
 which every page is pregnant with facts inestimably precious to the 
 natural theologian, offering, as we uiifeignedly do, our sincere 
 acknowledgments to Dr. Buckland for the industry and research 
 he has devoted to the performance of his task, and for the .com 
 manding eloquence with which he has called forth the very stocks 
 and stones that have been buried for countless ages in the deep re 
 cesses of the earth, to proclaim the universal agency throughout 
 all time of one all-directing, all-pervading Mind, and to swell the 
 chorus in which all creation 'hymns his praise' and bears witness 
 to his unlimited power, wisdom, and benevolence." 
 
 See also Dubl. Univ. Mag., viii. 692, and, for a notice of 
 Reliquiae Diluvianae, Chris. Month. Spec., vi. 415. Some 
 strictures upon Dr. Buckland's theory of the Caves, pro 
 posed in the Reliquiae Diluvianae, will be found in the Rev. 
 George Bugg's Scriptural Theology, Lon., 1827, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 See Fairholme's Phys. Demons., Ac. of the M. Deluge, 
 Lon., 1838, 8vo. Dr. B. pub. in 1839 The Sentence of Death 
 at the Fall. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Sept. 1856, 384. 
 
 Buckle, Henry Thomas. History of Civilization 
 in England, 1857: vol. i., 8vo, pp. 860. Censured in Lon. 
 Athen., 1857, 850. Reviewed in North British Review, 
 July, 1858. Vol. ii. pub. 1858 ; N. York, 1858, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 This work has been unfavourably noticed in several of the 
 British quarterlies, and commended by Lon. Month. Mag., 
 Bost. Christian Examiner, Ac. 
 
 Buckle, R. Bentley, Archdeacon of Dorset. A 
 Charge to the Clergy in June, 1843, Dorches., 1843, 8vo. 
 
 Buckle, William. A Catechism compiled from the 
 Book of Common Prayer, Lon., 1807, 12mo. 
 
 Buckler, Benjamin, D.D., 1716-1780, was educated 
 at Oriel College, Oxford. He became a Fellow of All Souls' 
 College, where he proceeded B.D., 1755, D.D., 1759. He 
 
BUG 
 
 BUD 
 
 assisted his friend Sir William Blackstone in his researches 
 respecting the rights of Fellowship, Ac. in All Souls' Col 
 lege, and drew up the Stemmata Chicheleana, or a Genea 
 logical Account of some of the Families derived from 
 Thomas Chicele, of Higham Ferrars; forming, with the 
 Supplement, 2 vols. 4to in 1, Oxford, 1765-75. A Com 
 plete Vindication of the Mallard of All Souls' College, 
 Lon., 1750, Svo. For an account of this amusing contro 
 versy see Chalmers's Biog. Diet., and Nichols's Lit. Anec 
 dotes. A Reply to Dr. Huddesford's Obs., Oxf., 1756, 4to. 
 
 B uckl er ,E dward. Queries on the Oath, Lon., 1 647, fol. 
 
 Buckler, E. H. Views of Southwell Church, Lon., fol. 
 
 Buckler, John Chessell. Views of the Cathedral 
 Churches of England and Wales, Lon., 1822, r. 4to. Obs. 
 on the Original Architecture of St. Mary Magdalen College, 
 Oxford, Ac., Lon., 1823, Svo. 
 
 " A tract containing much information on early architecture. 
 
 L Buckler, Thomas H., M.D. Etiology, Pathology, 
 and Treatment of Fibro-Bronchitis and Rheumatic Pneu- 
 
 Trial of Col. Andrews, Lon., 
 
 monia, Phila., 1853, 8vo. 
 Buckley, Francis. 
 
 1660, 4to. 
 
 Buckley, J. W. Sermons, Brighton & Lon., 1843-50. 
 
 Buckley, Saml. Letters to Dr. Mead concerning a 
 new edit, of Thuanus's History, Lon., 1728, 8vo. Thuani 
 Historiarum, Ac. per Sam. Buckley, Lon., 1733, 7 vols. 
 
 Buckley, Theodore William Alois, 1825-1856; 
 educated at Oxford, where he was greatly distinguished 
 for his learning j became one of the chaplains of Christ 
 Church, Oxford, and subsequently removed to London, 
 where he edited for the booksellers a number of the Greek 
 and Latin classics, Ac., (some of which he also translated 
 into English,) and several English works. He also contri 
 buted largely to periodicals. See Lon. Gent. Mag., March, 
 1856, 314-316. 
 
 Buckman, James, in conjunction with C. N. New 
 
 Mr. Build's is a valuable treatise, full of devout evangelical 
 
 d original remarks." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Budd, R. H. The Foot of the Horse, 1816, Svo. 
 
 Budd, Thomas Allibone, an eminent lawyer of 
 Philadelphia, has pub. several addresses, Ac., and is the 
 author of the Life of John Dickinson, in the National 
 Portrait-Gallery of Distinguished Americans. 
 
 Budden, John, 1566-1620, entered Merton College, 
 Oxford, 1582, was made Doctor in Civil Law, 1602, Prin 
 cipal of New Inn, 1609, and shortly after King's Professor 
 of Civil Law, and Principal of Broadgate's Hall. Life of 
 William of Waynflete, founder of Magdalen College, in 
 Latin, Oxon., 1602, 4to '; also the Life of Archbishop Mor 
 ton, Lon., 1607, Svo. A Discourse for Parents Honour and 
 Authority over their Children, Lon., 1614, Svo, trans, from 
 the French of Peter Frodius. He also made some trans- 
 ations from the Latin. 
 
 " He was a person of great eloquence, an excellent rhetorician, 
 philosopher, and a most noted civilian." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Buddicom, Robert Pedder, d. 1846, incumbent 
 of St. George's, Everton, near Liverpool. Forty-two ser 
 mons, Lon., 1836, 2 vols. 12mo. Friendship with God, 
 1839, 2 vols. 12mo. Other theological works. 
 
 Buddie, George. Evangelical Fasts, Lon., 1699, 4to. 
 
 Buddie, John, - " * "' !J i - : " rt "" 1 1 " ? " M 
 
 Treatises on Accidents in Coal Mines, 
 
 1814-17; the Wire-Gauze Safe-Lamp. 
 
 Buddo, John. Essay, Ac., 1801, '03, 8vo. 
 
 Budge, J. Practical Miner's Guide, 1825, r. Svo. 
 
 Budge, Joseph. Middlesex Elections, 1802, '04. 
 
 Budgell, Eustace, 1685-1736, a son of Gilbert Bud- 
 gell, D.D., a native of St. Thomas, near Exeter, was edu 
 cated at Christ Church, Oxford. Removing to London, he 
 was entered of the Middle Temple, his father having se 
 lected the Law as a suitable profession for the display of 
 the uncommon abilities of his son. But the young man 
 
 " with the 
 
 had acquired a literary taste, which interfered 
 requisite application to his new duties. He lacked suffi- 
 _ --------- , ------- , v cient self-denial to indite a Farewell to his Muse, (see 
 
 marsh, Esq., has favoured the public with illustrations ol B LACKSTONE ^ SIR WILLIAM,) and was far more disposed to 
 the Remains of Roman Art in Cirencester, the site of cu i tivate h er acquaintance. He had the good sense to seek 
 Ancient Corinium, Svo and 4to. See Lon. Archeeol. Jour. &n intimacy w i t h Addison, al ' 
 
 Buckminster, Joseph, d. 1792, aged 72, a minister motner and ^is celebrated 
 
 of Rutland, Massachusetts, pub. several discourses, 1759, Ac. }nted Secretary to the Earl of Wharton, Lord Lieutenant 
 
 - 
 
 Addison, also, first cousin to Budgell's 
 relative, who had been ap- 
 
 Buckminster, 
 
 ceding, a minister of 
 sional serms., 1787-1811. 
 
 Joseph, 1751-1812, son of the pre- J f Ireland) gave him a clerkship in his office. Budgell 
 Portsmouth, Mass., pub. some occa- ; had nQW gecure( j a position which with ordinary prudence 
 See LEE, Mns. ELIZA B., No. 4. wou i ( j have i nsure d him literary distinction and social ad- 
 
 Buckminster, Joseph Stevens, sou of the pre 
 ceding, 1784-1812, a native of Portsmouth, New Hamp 
 shire, displayed uncommon literary abilities at a very early 
 age. He entered Harvard College in 1797, took B.A. 1800, 
 and was appointed minister of the Brattle Street Unitarian 
 Society in Boston, 1805. His ill health obliged him to travel 
 in Europe in 1806-07. In 1811 he was appointed First Prof, 
 of Biblical Criticism at Cambridge, but died before he had 
 entered upon his duties. As a preacher and accomplished 
 scholar, Mr. Buckminster attained, although so young in 
 years, great reputation. In 1808 he superintended an 
 Amer. ed. of Griesbach's Greek Testament, and contem 
 plated further labours in the same field. His Serms. were 
 pub. in 1814, (Lon., 1827,) and a second vol. in 1829. His 
 works, with Memoir, were pub. in London, 2 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 Buckminster, Thomas. Right Christian Calendar, 
 Lon., 1570, Svo. New Almanacke, Lon., 1583, Svo. 
 
 Bucknall, Thomas. The Orchardist, Lon., 1797, Svo. 
 
 Buckner, John, Bishop of Chichester. Sermons, 
 1798, 1800, '02, '12. A Charge, 1797. 
 
 Buckridge, Thomas, Rector of Merrow, Surrey, 
 Six Sermons, Lon., 1767, Svo. 
 
 Buckridys. Letter on Conformity, Lon., 1704, fol. 
 
 Buckworth, J., Vicar of Dewsbury, Yorkshire. 
 Twenty Discourses on Doctrinal, Experimental, and Prac 
 tical Religion, Leeds, 1812, 12mo. 
 
 Budd, Edward. Political tracts, 1809, '10. 
 
 Budd, George, M.D., Prof, of Medicine in King's 
 
 College, Lon. 
 2d ed., 1852. 
 
 Treatise on Diseases of the Liver, Lon., Svo; 
 2 Amer. edits. Lectures on the Organic Dis 
 
 eases and Functional Disorders of the Stomach, Lon., Svo. 
 "We cannot too strongly recommend the diligent study of this 
 volume. The work cannot fail to rank the name of its author 
 among the most enlightened pathologists and soundest practi 
 tioners of the day." Medico-ChirnrgicdL Review. 
 
 Budd, Henry, Rector of White-Roothing. The Con 
 demned Cell, 1813. Considering the Poor, 1813. Silent 
 Preacher, 12mo. Baptismal Education, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 Infant Baptism the Means of National Reformation, 1827, 
 '39, '41, 12mo. 
 
 "Invaluable as are the incidental topics in Mr. Budd's book, it 
 
 fe too discursive exactly to answer that which seems desirable, a 
 
 278 
 
 vantages seldom accorded to one so young, but he unfortu 
 nately possessed a captious and quarrelsome disposition, 
 stimulated by an inordinate vanity, which rendered him 
 miserable in life, and was the cause, in connection with 
 an alleged crime, of a disgraceful death by his own hand. 
 He drowned himself in the Thames in 1736. His unhappy 
 temper was continually marring the zealous efforts of Ad 
 dison for his advancement. The Duke of Bolton and the 
 Earl, of Sunderland found it impossible to aid one who 
 was always fighting against himself by abuse of those who 
 were disposed to serve him. To add to his troubles, he 
 lost above 20,000 in 1720 in the famous South Sea scheme. 
 Before Budgell had attained his majority he contributed 
 several papers to The Tatler. It is not known which these 
 were. To The Spectator he contributed the following 
 papers, according to the enumeration of Dr. Drake, (dis 
 tinguished by " X" in the first seven volumes,) Nos. 67, 
 77, 116, 150, 161, 175, 197, 217, 277, 283, 301, 307, 313, 
 319, 325, 331, 337, 341, 347, 353, 359, 365, 373, 379, 385, 
 389, 395, 401, 506, 564, 573, 581, 591, 599, 602, 605, 628; 
 also a letter signed Eustace, in No. 539, to which list Dr. 
 Bissett adds 570. To The Guardian, Nos. 25, 31. 
 
 In 1730 he became a contributor to The Craftsman, the 
 formidable opponent of Sir Robert Walpole's administra 
 tion. See BOLINGBROKE, LORD. Towards the close o 
 1732, he commenced a weekly magazine entitled The Bee, 
 which extended to 100 numbers, forming 8 vols. Svo. 
 About this time occurred an event alluded to previously, 
 which elicited one of the most poignant epigrams of Pope. 
 Dr. Matthew Tindal was an intimate friend of our author s, 
 and the latter is supposed to have had something to do 
 with the publication of Tindal's Christianity as old as tl 
 Creation. The Dr. in his will charged Budgell to give to 
 the world the second part of this infamous piece, and he 
 also bequeathed to him the sum of 2100. Tindal's ne 
 phew disputed the will, and it was set aside, not without 
 great injury to Budgell's character. The latter some time 
 before had attacked Pope in consequence of a piece pub 
 lished in the Grub-Street Journal, which he attributed t 
 the author of the Dunciad. Pope conceived that the op 
 portunity for revenge had now arrived, and in the Pro- 
 
BUD 
 
 logue to his Satires thus stereotyped the alleged crime of 
 his opponent: 
 
 " Let Budgell charge low Grub-Street on my quill, 
 And write whate'er he please except my will." 
 
 Budgell's translation from the Greek of Theophrastus's 
 Characters, pub. 1713, was so creditable as to elicit the 
 warm commendation of Addison in the 39th number of 
 The Lover. In 1732 he pub. Memoirs of the Lives and 
 Characters of the Family of the Boyles, particularly of 
 CHARLES, EARL OP ORRERY, (q. v.) This work contains 
 much valuable information concerning Irish affairs. The 
 humorous Epilogue to Ambrose Philips's Distressed Mo 
 ther, which was one of the most popular productions of 
 the day, and kept possession of public favour for many 
 years, although attributed to Budgell, is said to have been 
 written by Addison. In addition to the works enumerated, 
 he pub. a number of political and other pieces, and some 
 Poems which are now entirely neglected. Budgell's style 
 is considered to be a very happy imitation of that of his 
 friend Addison; and Dr. Johnson declares that "Addi 
 son wrote Budgell's papers, or at least mended them so 
 much that he made them almost his own" but this opinion 
 seems to have no higher authority than the endorsement 
 of a loose surmise. 
 
 " To have entered with perfect accuracy into the conception and 
 keeping of a character so original as that of Sir Roger de Coverley, 
 is the still greater merit of Budgell. In this respect he is cer 
 tainly superior to Steele ; and his description of The Hunt in No. 
 116, in which the knight makes so delightful and appropriate a 
 figure, is a picture that we would not exchange for volumes of me 
 diocrity. The humour and wit of Budgell appear to advantage 
 In several of his communications ; especially in his Observation 
 on Beards, (Spectator, No. 331;) on Country Wakes, (No. 161;) in 
 his relation of Will Honeycomb's Amours, (No. 359;) and in his 
 detail of the effects of the Month of May on Female Chastity, (Nos. 
 365 and 395.) On this last subject he has copied the graceful com 
 position and sly humour of Addison with peculiar felicity ; and 
 his admonitions to the fair sex during this soft and seductive sea 
 son, combine such a mixture of pleasing imagery, moral precept, 
 and ludicrous association, as to render the essays which convey 
 them some of the most interesting in the Spectator." Drake's 
 Essays, vol. iii. 
 
 Budgell, Gilbert. Sermon, Lon., 1690, 4to. 
 
 Budgen, John. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1721. 
 
 Budgen, Richard. Passage of the Hurricane, Ac., 
 Lon., 1730, 8vo. 
 
 Budworth, Joseph. Poems, Ac., 1794, '95, '98, 8vo. 
 
 Budworth, Wm. Sermons, Lon., 1732, '45, '46, 8vo. 
 
 Bud I, Samuel, D.D., a native of Connecticut. Ser 
 mons, <fcc., 1761-87. 
 
 Buerdsell, James. Discourses & Essays, 1700, 12mo. 
 
 Butfa, John, M.D. The Army Medical Board, 1808. 
 Travels through the Empire of Morocco, Lon., 1810, 8vo. 
 
 Bugg, Francis, a member of the "Society called 
 Quakers," changed his views, and wrote a number of 
 treatises against his old principles. We notice a few : 
 New Rome arraigned, and out of her own mouth con 
 demned; or a Discovery of the Errors of the Poxonian 
 Quakers, Lon., 1694, 4to. Quakerism Withering, and 
 Christianity Reviving, 1694, 4to. Quakers set in their 
 True Light, 1696, 4to. Tracts against the Quakers, 1697, 
 8vo. The Picture of Quakerism, Lon., 1697, 12mo. The 
 Pilgrim's Progress from Quakerism to Christianity, Lon., 
 1698, 4to. Nine other treatises against the Quakers, 1699- 
 
 Bugg, George. Tract on Regeneration, Lon., 1816, 
 12mo. Scriptural Geology, Lon., 1827, 8vo. We have 
 noticed this work under BUCKLAND, WM., D.D. See Fair- 
 holme's Phys. Demons, of the M. Deluge, Lon., 1838, 8vo. 
 
 Buggs, Samuel. Sermons, Lon., 1622, 4to, 
 
 Buist, George, D.D., d. 1808, aged 68, a native of 
 
 Scotland, pub. an Abridgment of Hume, 1792; a version 
 
 of the Psalms, 1796; Sermon, 1805; Sermons, 1809, 2 
 
 ols. 8vo ; and contributed some articles to the Brit. Encyc. 
 
 Buist, Robert, b. 1805 in Scotland. Settled in U. S. 
 1828. Agricultural and horticultural writer. Amer. 
 Flower Garden Directory, Phila., 1851, 12mo. Rose Manual, 
 1847, 12mo. Family Kitchen Gardener, 1851, 12mo. Con- 
 trib. Magazine of Horticulture, Florist, Penn. Farm Jour 
 nal, Ac. 
 
 Bulfinch, Stephen Greenleaf, a Unitarian minis 
 ter, b. 1809, Boston; grad. Columbia Coll., D.C., 1826 ; 
 divinity student, Cambridge, 1827. 1. Contemplations of 
 the Saviour, Bost., 1832. 2. Poems, Charleston, S.C., 1834. 
 3. The Holy Land, 1834. 4. Lays of the Gospel, 1845. 
 5. Communion Thoughts, 1852. Contributor to the Unita 
 rian Hymns. 
 
 Bulfinch, Thomas, M.D. Treatise on the Scarlet 
 and Yellow Fevers. 
 
 Bulkeley, Benjamin, D.D. Sermons, 1722, '31. 
 
 BUL 
 
 Bulkeley, or Bulkley, Edward, D.D. A Dis 
 course, Ac. of Faults in the Rhemish version of the New 
 Testament, Lon., 1588, 4to. Other treatises in favour of 
 Protestantism, 1602, '06. 
 
 Bulkeley, or Bulkley, John, and J. Cummins. 
 Voyage to the South Seas in 1740-41, Lon., 1743, 8vo. 
 
 Bulkeley, Richard. Sermons, 1685, 4to. 
 
 Bulkley, Charles, 1719-1797, a Dissenting minister, 
 was a grandson of the excellent Matthew Henry, the bib 
 lical commentator. He was first a Presbyterian, subse 
 quently joined the General Baptists, and adopted Unita 
 rian views. Notes on the Bible, pub. from the author's 
 MS. by Joshua Toulmin, D.D. 
 
 " These notes are not so much of a philological as of an expla 
 natory nature. They are filled with what the author considers 
 parallel passages in the Greek and Roman classics, in which the 
 same moral precepts and sentiments occur. Sometimes the coin 
 cidence appears to be striking ; at other times the correspondence 
 is far from marked." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Fifteen Sermons, 1761, 8vo. 
 
 " They abound in salutary admonitions with regard to our reli 
 gious and moral conduct; are written with a true spirit of piety, 
 in a clear and animated style, without any affectation or enthu 
 siasm." Lon. Critical Review. 
 
 (Economy of the Gospel, 1764, 4to. Discourses on the 
 Parables and Miracles of Christ, 1770-71, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " The author writes as becomes an ingenious and sensible man, 
 and in an agreeable, instructive, and practical manner." Lon. 
 Monthly Review. 
 
 Catechetical Exercises, 1774, 12mo. Other theological 
 works. 
 
 Bulkley, John. Sermon, 1697, 4to. 
 
 Bulkley, John, d. 1731, first minister of Colchester, 
 Connecticut, was a grandson of REV. PETER BULKLEY (v. 
 post.) An Election Sermon, 1713. An Inquiry into the 
 right of the Aboriginal Natives to the lands of America, 
 1724, (reprinted in Mass. Hist. Coll.) A Tract on Infant 
 Baptism, 1729. 
 
 Bulkley, Peter, 1583-1659, first minister of Concord, 
 Massachusetts, a native of Woodhill, Bedfordshire, was 
 educated at, and became Fellow of, St. John's College, 
 Cambridge. Being silenced by Archbishop Laud, he came 
 to New England in 1635, and was one of the first settlers 
 of Concord, Massachusetts. The Gospel Covenant Opened, 
 Lon., 1646, 4to. Some specimens of Mr. Bulkley's Latin 
 poetry will be found in Dr. Mather's History of New Eng 
 land. 
 
 Bulkley, Sir Richard. Horticultural contributions 
 to Phil. Trans., 1693. 
 
 Bull. Farewell Sermon, Lon., 1663, 4to. 
 
 Bull, Digby. Sermons, 1695, 1706, 4to. 
 
 Bull, George, D.D., 1634-1710, a native of Wells, 
 Somersetshire, entered Exeter College, Oxford, 1648 ; be 
 came minister of St. George's near Bristol ; Rector of 
 Suddington-St.-Mary's, 1658; Vicar of Suddington-St.- 
 Peter's, 1662; Prebendary of Gloucester, 1678; Bishop 
 of St. David's, 1705. Bishop Bull, for profound learning, 
 knowledge of Christian antiquity, and eminent piety, was 
 one of the most distinguished ornaments of the Church 
 of England. Harmonia Apostolica ; seu Binae Disserta- 
 tiones, quarum in priore Doctrina D. Jacobi de justifica- 
 tione ex operibus explanitur et defenditur, in posteriore 
 consensus D. Pauli cum Jacobo liquidd demonstratur, Ac., 
 Lon., 1670, fol.; reprinted, Basil, 1740, 8vo; a trans, by 
 Thomas Wilkinson, 1801, 8vo; and the Harmonia was 
 pub. in Lib. Anglo -Cath. Theol., Oxf., 1842, 8vo. This 
 Latin Dissertation was written eight or nine years before 
 its publication. The author laboured to show 
 
 " That good works, which proceed from faith, and are conjoined 
 with faith, are a necessary condition required from us by God, to 
 the end that by the new and evangelical covenant, obtained by 
 and sealed in the Blood of Christ, the Mediator of it, we may be 
 justified according to his free and unmerited grace." 
 
 Bishop Bull endeavoured to exhibit this doctrine so as to 
 "absolutely exclude all pretensions to merit on the part 
 I of man," but his statements were unsatisfactory to many, 
 and were opposed by Dr. Morley, Bishop of Winchester, 
 , Dr. Barlow, Charles Gataker, Joseph Truman, Dr. Tully, 
 | John Tombes, Lewis Du Moulin, and M. De Marets. The 
 ! author, nothing daunted by such a host of adversaries, 
 pub. his Examen Censuraa in 1675, in reply to Mr. Gata 
 ker, and his Apologia pro Harmonia, in response to Dr. 
 Tully ; repub. in Lib. Anglo-Cath. Theol., Oxf., 1843, 8vo. 
 The reader will find an account of the controversy in Nel 
 son's Life of Bull. 
 
 Defensio Fidei Nicenae ex Scriptus, quae extant Catho- 
 
 licorum Doctorum, qui intra prima Ecclesiaa Christianaa 
 
 Ssecula floruerunt, Oxon., 1685, 4to : a new trans, pub. in 
 
 Lib. Anglo-Cath. Theol., Oxf., 1851-52, 2 vols. 8vo. This 
 
 ; work,, also in Latin, increased the fame of the author both 
 
BUL 
 
 BUL 
 
 at home and abroad, whilst it, of course, provoked great 
 opposition from the Socinians. See Nelson's Life of Bull. 
 
 " Bull's Defensio is recommended by the erudition, exactness, 
 and conciseness with which it is written, and by the neatness and 
 elegance of its style. It is, perhaps, the best work which a person 
 who seeks to obtain a clear and comprehensive knowledge of the 
 R. Catholic Creed, can peruse." CHARLES BUTLER. 
 
 " The doctrinal parts of the Christian religion are summarily 
 comprehended in the Creeds which our Church has adopted into 
 its service. You need (after Pearson) have no better help than 
 Bishop Bull's Latin works in defence of the Nicene Faith." MR. 
 PREBENDARY KNOWLES. 
 
 After Dr. Cudworth came Dr. Bull, author of the Defence of 
 the Nicene Faith, a book that has rendered the writer of it very 
 famous, not in England only or chiefly, but beyond the water. 
 'Tis composed in a style most truly Latin, with much vivacity of 
 expression, with great vigour and subtilty of thought : in short, 
 'tis worthy of the noble argument of which he treats. This au 
 thor, having studied the Fathers with an application, diligence, 
 and observation almost peculiar to him, perceived that the schools 
 have departed from that notion of the Trinity believed and pro 
 fessed by some of the principal Fathers." The Unitarian author of 
 The. Judgment of a disinterested Person, rf-c., ion., 1696, 4to. 
 
 The following testimony from the celebrated Bossuet 
 deserves to be quoted. In his answer to M. Jurieu, he re 
 marks that, if the learned treatises of Father Thomassin 
 and the preface of Father Petau are neglected by the op 
 ponent of the eternal generation of the Son, then 
 
 " I send him to Bull, that learned English Protestant, in the 
 treatise where he hath so well defended the Fathers who lived be 
 fore the Council of Nice. You must either renounce the Faith of 
 the Holy Trinity, which God forbid, or presuppose with me that 
 this author hath reason." 
 
 We give some other quotations : 
 
 " The best books against the Arians, besides Bishop Pearson on 
 the Creed, are Bishop Bull's works." DR. WOTTON. 
 
 Bishop Horsley commends the accuracy of Dr. Bull's 
 citations from the Fathers of the first three centuries, 
 " confirming the Church of England Faith, and refuting 
 the Unitarian." 
 
 " On the subject of a sinner's justification before God. the views 
 of this distinguished prelate were very incorrect, and have done 
 immense harm; but as an advocate of the Catholic doctrine of the 
 Trinity, declared in the Nicene Creed, he has few equals. He was 
 a man of immense learning, the whole of which he has brought 
 to bear on this important subject. His Life, by Robert Nelson, 
 Esq., is one of the finest pieces of theological biography in the 
 English language." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 In both of the above opinions Mr. Bickersteth concurs. 
 
 Judiciam Ecclesiae Catholicae trium priorum Seculorum 
 de necessitate credendi quod Dominus noster Jesus Chris- 
 tus sit verus Deus, assertum contra M. Simoneum Episco- 
 pium aliosque, 1694. In English, with Life, by Rev. T. 
 Rankin, York, 1825, 8vo. This work (which is a defence of 
 the Anathema, as the former was of the Faith, declared by 
 the First Council of Nice) was sent by Mr. Nelson to the 
 famous Bishop of Meaux, Bossuet, whose commendation 
 of the preceding work we have already cited. This cele 
 brated prelate transmitted 
 
 " Not only his humble thanks, but the unfeigned congratula 
 tions also of the whole clergy of France, then assembled at St. 
 Germain's, for the great service he had done to the Catholic Church 
 In so well defending her determination concerning the necessity 
 of believing the Divinity of the Son of God." 
 
 But the Roman Catholic prelate could not but express 
 his surprise that 
 
 " So great a man, so weighty and solid an author, could continue 
 a moment without acknowledging the Church." 
 
 He begged to have this question resolved, and Dr. Bull, 
 nothing backward in defending the apostolicity of the 
 Church of England, drew up a treatise upon the subject, 
 which did not reach Mr. Nelson's hands until just as he 
 received news of Bossuet's death. The treatise was, how 
 ever, published, Lon., 1705-07, 8vo, under the title of The 
 Corruptions of the Church of Rome, in relation to Eccle 
 siastical Government, the Rule of Faith, and Form of Di 
 vine Worship : in answer to the Bishop of Meaux's Queries. 
 In 1703 Dr. John Ernest Grabe superintended an edi 
 tion of his Latin works, (the author's age and infirmities 
 disabling him from the effort,) pub. in 1 vol. folio. Ro 
 bert Nelson, author of The Fasts and Festivals of the 
 Church of England, a former pupil of Bp. Bull, pub. in 
 1713, 4 vols. 8vo, Seven Sermons and other Discourses, 
 with an account of his Life ; new edit., Oxf., 1816, 3 vols. 
 18mo; again, Oxf., 1840, 8vo. 
 
 " This Bishop's sermons are compositions of the highest order- 
 learned, forcible, and perspicuous, they always excite attention 
 and reward it; they teach us that the practice of Christian duties 
 can only be founded on the faithful acknowledgment of Chris 
 tian doctrine." 
 
 A Companion for the Candidates of Holy Orders, or the 
 Great Importance and Principal Duties of the Priestly 
 Office, 1714, 12mo. Recommended by Bishop Burgess to 
 candidates for Holy Orders. It is reprinted in the Cler 
 gyman's Instructor. Vindication of the Church of Eng 
 
 land, 1719, 8vo. Works concerning the Trinity, 1730, 
 2 vols. 8vo. Apology for the Harmony. Primitive Apos 
 tolical Tradition, <fec., against Daniel Zwicker, a Prussian. 
 Two sermons concerning the State of the Soul on its im 
 mediate separation from the Body, Ac., with a preface by 
 Leonard Chappelow, B.D., 1764, 8vo. The Rev. Edward 
 Burton pub. a revised edition of the Bishop's works, 7 vols. 
 in 8, 8vo, Clarendon Press, Oxf., 1827; again in 1846; in 
 which will be found the Life of Nelson, with additions by 
 Mr. Burton. 
 
 " His works are esteemed by the learned as one of the mam pl- 
 lars of orthodoxy." BISHOP WATSON. 
 
 Perhaps we cannot better conclude our notice of this 
 celebrated divine than by a commendation which may be 
 useful as a hint in some quarters. Dr. Lupton gives the 
 following character of Bishop Bull's sermons : 
 
 " He abhorred affectation of wit, trains of fulsome metaphors, 
 and nice words wrought up into tuneful, pointed sentences, with 
 out any meaning at the bottom of them. He looked upon sermons 
 consisting of these ingredients which should be our aversion, 
 and not our aim as empty, and frothy, and trifling ; as inconsist 
 ent with the dignity of serious and sacred subjects, and as an in 
 dication of a weak judgment." Letter to Robert Nelson in Biog. Brit. 
 
 Bull, G. S. Appeal on behalf of the Factory Chil 
 dren, Bradf., 1832, 12mo. Sermon to Coal Miners, Bradf., 
 1834, 8vo. 
 
 Bull, Henry. Christian Prayers and Holy Medita 
 tions as well for Private as Publick Exercises ; collected 
 by H. Bull, 8vo, 1566; reprinted for The Parker Society, 
 Camb., 1842, sm. 8vo. 
 
 Bull, Henry. Extracts from Sermons, Saffron Wai- 
 den, 1840, 12mo. 
 
 Bull, J. Theolog. and other works, 1805, '13, '14, 8vo. 
 
 Bull, John, b. about 1563, d. about 1622, an eminent 
 musician, and professor in that art in Gresham College, 
 was a native of Somersetshire. The Oration of Maister 
 John Bull, Oct. 6th, 1597, in the new-erected Colledge of 
 Sir Thomas Gresham, Knt. Bull's compositions were pub. 
 in sundry collections of music. See Burney's Music, iii. 
 166-14; Ward's Gresham Professors; Athen. Oxon.; and 
 The Harmonicon. 
 
 Bull, Joseph. The Unity of God, 1809, 8vo. 
 
 Bull, Michael. Love of Country, Sermon, 1715, 8vo. 
 
 Bull, Nicholas. Sermons, 1805, '20, 8vo. 
 
 Bull, Robert. Sermons, 1714, '15, '23, 8vo. 
 
 Bull, Roger. Under this name was pub. Grobianus, 
 or the Compleat Booby, an Ironical Poem, translated from 
 the Original Latin of F. Dedekindus, by R. B., 1739, 8vo. 
 
 " A very singular and humorous work, written to inculcate good 
 manners, which probably presented to Swift the idea of his Direc 
 tions to Servants." 
 
 Bull, Thomas, M.D. Hints to Mothers for the Ma 
 nagement of their Health, Lon., 8vo; 7th ed., 1851. 
 
 " There is no mother that will not be heartily thankful that this 
 book ever fell into her hands, and no husband who should not 
 present it to his wife. We cannot urge its value too strongly on 
 all whom it concerns." Lon. Eclectic Review. 
 
 " We recommend it to our readers ; and they will confer a bene 
 fit on their new-married patients by recommending it to them." 
 Brit, and For. Med. Review. 
 
 The Maternal Management of Children, in Health and 
 Disease, Svo; 3d ed., 1848. 
 
 " These little manuals will prove useful exactly in proportion 
 to the extent of their circulation. The best thanks of the profes 
 sion, as well as of all intelligent mothers, are due to Dr. Bull for 
 I these excellent little works." Lon. Medical Gazette. 
 
 Bull, W. and J. P. Church at Newport, 1811. 
 
 Hn I lar. Henry, of Lincoln's Inn, and Joseph Bul- 
 lar, M.D. A Winter in the Azores, and a Summer at the 
 Baths of the Furnas in St. Michael's, Lon., 1841, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 "If amusement is desirable which shall excite the mind with 
 out leaving a sensation of unprofitableness behind it, we scarcely 
 know how it could be presented in a more agreeable form than 
 these lively volumes, which, for this purpose, we cordially recom 
 mend." Lon. Churchman's Monthly Review. 
 
 " Of all the Tours and Travels we have ever read, we are disposed 
 to think it the most agreeable and original." Lon. Examiner. 
 
 Bullar, John. Tour round Southampton, South., 
 1807, Svo. 
 
 Bullar, John. Lay Lectures on Christian Faith and 
 Practice, South., 1844, '46. Questions on the Holy Scrip 
 tures, new ed., 1846, 18mo. 
 
 " The author has evidently taken great pains to render his work 
 complete and serviceable." Lon. Eclectic Review. 
 
 Other works. 
 
 Bullard. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1698; onjthe Magnet 
 ism of Drills. 
 
 Bullard, Henry A., and J. Curry. New Digest of 
 the Statute Laws of the State of Louisiana, from the change 
 I of Government to the year 1841, inclusive, vol. i. Svo, New 
 Orleans, 1842. 
 
 Bullein, William. See BULLETN. 
 
BUL 
 
 BUL 
 
 Bullen, George, an assistant librarian of the British 
 Museum. Catalogue of the Library of the British and 
 Foreign Bible Society, Lon., 1857, 8vo. 
 
 "An accurate and well-compiled catalogue. The author, Mr. 
 Bullen, has brought all his own Bibliographical knowledge, as 
 one of the librarians of the British Museum, to bear upon his 
 work. The Bible Society's library consists of about five thousand 
 volumes, printed and manuscript, of which by far the greater part 
 are presents. In cataloguing the Scriptures, the plan adopted in 
 the British Museum has been followed ; and copious cross-references 
 have been given from the names of all editors, translators, anno- 
 tators, Ac. upon the Bible to the particular edition in which their 
 labours appear. These cross-references, &c. greatly enhance the 
 value of this catalogue.''!. H. HORNE, D.D., in a letter to the 
 author of this Dictionary, Aug. 31, 1858. 
 
 Bullen, H. St. John. 1. Grammar. 2. Geography, 
 1797, '99. 
 
 Buller, Rt. Hon. Charles, b. 1806, at Calcutta, 
 d. in London, 1848. Responsible Government for Co 
 lonies, 12mo : originally pub. in Colonial Gaz. Contrib. 
 frequently to Morning Chronicle, Globe, Edinburgh Re 
 view, and Westminster Record. 
 
 Buller, Sir Francis, 1745-1800, a Judge of the 
 Court of King's Bench and Common Pleas, was a grand 
 son of Allen, Earl Bathurst. He was distinguished for 
 profound knowledge of the Law. An Introduction to the 
 Law relative to Trials at Nisi Prius, with copious Annota 
 tions, 7th edit., Lon., 1817, r. Svo; former edits., 1767, '72, 
 '75, '80, '90, '93 ; pub. in New York, with Notes of American 
 Cases, 1806. The germ of this work was written, it is sup 
 posed, by Mr. Bathurst, afterwards Lord Apsley, and was 
 entitled Institutes of the Law relative to Nisi Prius, 1760, 
 8vo. Sir Francis Buller enlarged the work, and pub. it as 
 above. 
 
 "Notwithstanding its defects, from the judicial station of the 
 learned author whose name it bears, it has been regarded as a 
 work of considerable authority. Its place has been supplied by 
 later works, but it is still useful because it contains some author 
 ities not elsewhere to be met with." Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 Buller, W. Chronological, Biographical, Historical, 
 and Miscellaneous Exercises for Young Ladies. 
 
 Bulley, Frederick, President of St. Mary Magd. 
 College, Oxford. A Tabular View of the Variations in the 
 Communion and Baptismal Offices of the Church of Eng 
 land from 1549 to 1662 ; to which are added those in the 
 Scotch Prayer-Book of 1637 ; with an Appendix illustra 
 tive of the Variations, Oxf., 1842, 8vo. 
 
 Bulleyn, or Bullein, William, b. about 1500, in 
 the Isle of Ely, d. 1576, a learned physician and botanist, 
 was educated at Cambridge and Oxford. The Government 
 of Health, Lon., 1558, '59, 8vo. A very popular work in 
 its day. Regimen against the Pleurisie, 1562, 16mo. Bul- 
 warke of Defece againste all sikness, sornes, and woundes, 
 that dooe daily assaulte mankinde, fcc., 1562, '72, fol. A 
 Dialogue, bothe pleasaunte and pietifull ; wherein is shewed 
 a goodlie Regimente against the Fever of Pestilence, with 
 a Consolation and Comfort against Death, 1564, '69, '73, '78, 
 8vo. Several small profess, treatises are also ascribed to our 
 author. 
 
 Bullingbroke, Edward, and Jonah Bilcher. 
 An Abridgt. of the Statutes of Ireland, <fcc., Dubl., 1754, 
 2 vols. 4to ; continued by Francis Vesey. Duty and Au 
 thority of the Justices of Peace and Parish Officers for 
 Ireland, Dubl., 1766, 4to. 
 
 " A useful work in its day, and framed very much upon the mo 
 del of the celebrated work of his brother civilian, Burn, in Eng 
 land ."Pref. to Smythe's Justice. 
 
 Other legal treatises. 
 
 Bullingham, John. Trans, of Joh. Venseus's Ora 
 tion in defence of the Sacrament of the Aultaire, 1554, 8vo. 
 
 Bullions, Peter, b. 1791 at Perthshire, Scotland, 
 Prof. Greek and Latin in the Albany Academy. Principles 
 of Latin Grammar. Latin Reader. Caesar's Commenta 
 ries. Cicero's Orations. Sallust. Greek Lessons for Be 
 ginners. Principles of Greek Grammar. Greek Reader. 
 Latin Exercises. Lessons in English Grammar and Com 
 position. Principles of English Grammar. Progressive 
 Exercises in Analysis and Parsing. Introduction to Ana 
 lytical Grammar. New, or Analytical and Practical Eng 
 lish Grammar. 
 
 Bullivant, Benjamin. Observations on Natural 
 History, made in New England; Phil. Trans., 1698. 
 
 Bullivant, Daniel, Surgeon. Case of Violent Spasms 
 which succeeded the Amputation of an Arm, Ac. 
 
 Bullman. See BULMAN. 
 
 Bullocar. See BULLOKAR. 
 
 Bullock, Henry, Fellow of Queen's College, Cam 
 bridge, 1507; D.D., 1520; Vice-Cbancellor, 1524, '25. He 
 was a correspondent of Erasmus, (who calls him Bovillus,) 
 and so " ripe a scholar" that Cardinal Wolsey, whose chap 
 
 lain he was, selected him as a fit antagonist for Luther. 
 In 1513, in conjunction with Walden, he read a mathemati 
 cal lecture, and had a salary from the University for it. 
 He was one of the twelve preachers sent out by the Uni 
 versity in 1515. Tanner fixes the date of his death in 
 1526, but Dodd says that he was living in 1530. 1. Do 
 Captivitate Babylonica contra Lutherum. 2. Epistolae et 
 Orationes. 3. De Serpentibus siticulosis; trans, from the 
 Greek of Lucian, Camb., 1521, 4to. 4. Oratis coram Archie- 
 piscopo Eboracensi, Camb., 1521, 4to. See his oration in 
 favour of Wolsey in Fiddes's Life of the Cardinal. 
 
 Bullock, H. A. History of the Isle of Man, 1816, 8vo. 
 
 Bullock, J. Lloyd, Editor of Fresenius and Will's 
 New Method of Alkalimetry, Lon., 1843, 12mo. 
 
 " This little work will prove of the highest importance to calico 
 printers, bleachers, dyers, manufacturers of soap, paper, and prus- 
 siate of potash ; also to chemists, and to dealers in alkalies, acids, &c. 
 
 To Mr. B. we are also indebted (in addition to this Lect. 
 on Pharmacy, 1844,) for an edition of Fresenius's Elemen 
 tary Instruction in Chemical Analysis, as practised in the 
 Laboratory of Giessen. Qualitative, 8vo. Quantitative, 8vo. 
 
 " I can confidently recommend this work, from my own personal 
 experience, to all who are desirous of obtaining instruction in ana 
 lysis, for its simplicity and usefulness, and the facility with which 
 it may be comprehended." BARON LIEBIG. 
 
 Bullock, Jeffrey. One Blow more against Anti- 
 Christ Ministers, the downfall of whose Ministry hastens, 
 Lon., 1678, 4to. 
 
 Bullock, R. Geography Epitomized, 1810, 4to. 
 
 Bullock, Richard. Sermons, Lon., 1754, '89, 4to. 
 
 Bullock, Thomas. Sermons, Lon., 1723-28. 
 
 Bullock, William. Virginia impartially Examined, 
 and left to Public View, Lon., 1649, 4to. Dedicated to the 
 Earl of Arundell and to Lord Baltimore. 
 
 Bullock,William. An Earth quake, Phil. Trans.,1755. 
 
 Bullock, William. A short and easy Method of 
 preserving Subjects of Natural History, 1818. 
 
 Bullokar, John. Eng. Exposition of Hard Words, 
 1616, 8vo. 
 
 Bullokar, William. Book at large for the amend 
 ment of Orthographia for English speech, Lon., 1580, 4to. 
 Mr. Bullokar believed that his proposed reform would not 
 only improve his own tongue, but also effect " an entrance 
 into the secretes of other languages." 
 
 This production Lowndes ascribes to John Bullokar, but 
 Watt attributes it to William ; and we judge the latter to 
 be correct, as the author promises a " Grammar to be im 
 printed hereafter ;" and Bullokar's Bref Grammar for Eng 
 lish, pub. six years afterwards, (1586, 16mo,) is ascribed 
 by both Lowndes and Watt to William Bullokar. JEsop's 
 Fables in Tru Orthosraphy, with Grammar Notz, 1585, 8vo. 
 
 Bulman, E. Introduc. to Hebrew, 1795, 8vo. 
 
 Bulman, John. Sermons, 1803, '05, 4to. 
 
 Bulmar, Capt. John. Arts and Mysteries for a Sol 
 dier, Mariner, &c., and other works, 1641, '43, '49, fol. 
 
 Bulmer, Agnes. Messiah's Kingdom; a Poem, Lon., 
 p. 8vo. Scripture Histories, 3 vols. 18mo. Select Letters, 
 with Notes by Bunting, 12mo. Mem. by Anne R. Collinson. 
 
 Bulmer, Peter. Sermons, 1803, '05, 8vo. 
 
 Bulstrode, Edward, 1588-1659, a native of Buck 
 inghamshire, was entered of St. John's College, Oxford, in 
 1603, whence he removed to the Inner Temple. He was a 
 favourite of Cromwell's, and in 1649 made one of the Jus 
 tices of North Wales. A Golden Chain, or Miscellany of 
 divers Sentences of the Sacred Scriptures, <fcc., Lon., 1657, 
 8vo. Reports in King's Bench, in the Reigns of Kings 
 James I. and Charles I., in 3 parts ; 2d edit., corrected, <fcc., 
 Lon., 1688, fol.; 1st edit., 1657, '58, '59, fol. There is an 
 irregularity in the paging of both editions, but they are 
 perfect. Bulstrode took his reports in French, and trans, 
 them into English. He is said to have adopted the excel 
 lent method of Plowden. They were pub. by his son. 
 
 Only a portion of his MS. was pub. : 
 
 " The fittest and choicest cases out of these reports which I have 
 with no small care, labour, and pains collected together." 
 
 " I have perused divers cases in these reports, and I think they 
 are fit to be published." MATTHEW H\LE. 
 
 Bulstrode, Sir Richard, eldest son of the above, is 
 said to have died at the advanced age of 101 years. Let 
 ters to the Earl of Arlington, Lon., 1712, Svo. Essays on 
 Manners and Morals, 1715, Svo. Memoirs, &c. relative to 
 Charles I. and Charles II., 1721, Svo. 185 Elegies and 
 Epigrams on religious subjects, composed at the age of 
 eighty. 
 
 " A man of talents and considerable learning, and in his political 
 course able and consistent." 
 
 Bulstrode, Whitelocke, d. 1724, aged 74, Protho- 
 notary of the Marshal's Court, son of the preceding. An 
 Essay on Transmigration, Lon., 1692, 8vo ; in Latin, by 
 
BUL 
 
 BUN 
 
 Oswald Dyke, 1725, 8vo. Essays Ecclesiastical and Civil, 
 1706, 8vo. Letters between him and Dr. Wood, 1717, 8vo. 
 Compendium of the Crown Laws, 1723, 8vo. Three Charges 
 to Grand and other Juries, 1718, 8vo. 
 
 Bulteel, or Bulteal, John. Translations of Amo 
 rous Oruntus ; a Comedy, Lon., 1665, 4to. Court of Rome, 
 1668, 8vo. Psalms and Songs, 1674, 8vo. Abridged Chro 
 nology of France, 1683, fol. 
 
 Bulwer, Sir Edward Lytton. See LYTTON. 
 
 Bulwer, Lady. See LADY LYTTON. 
 
 Bulwer, Rt. Hon. Sir Henry Lytton Earle, 
 G.C.B., M.P., Privy Councillor, Diplomatist, and Author, b. 
 1804, is an elder brother of Sir Edward Lytton Bulwer Lyt 
 ton. Sir Henry has filled several highly responsible diplo 
 matic positions, with great credit to himself and honour to 
 his country. An an author, also, he has gained consider 
 able reputation. An Autumn in Greece, 1824, p. 8vo. 
 France, Social, Literary, and Political, 2 vols. p. 8vo. The 
 Monarchy of the Middle Classes, 2 vols. p. 8vo, 1834-36. 
 Sir Henry wrote a Life of Lord Byron, prefixed to a Paris 
 edition of his lordship's works. 
 
 Bulwer, John, an author of the 17th century, wrote 
 several books on Dactylology, Dress, Ac. Chirologia, or 
 the Natural Language of the Hand; as also Chironomia, 
 or the Art of Manual Rhetorick, Lon., 1644, 8vo. Philo- 
 cophics, 1648, 8vo. Pathomyotomia, 1649, 8vo. Anthro- 
 po-metamorphosis, Man-transformed; or the Changeling, 
 shewing the various ways how divers People alter the 
 Natural Shape of some part of their Bodies, Lon., 1653, 
 4to. Of this curious and extravagant work an account will 
 be found in Oldys's Brit. Librarian, 367-72, and in the Lon. 
 Retrospective Review, N. S., ii. 205-17. It appears that 
 the author wrote several other works which he did not see 
 fit to publish. 
 
 " From Bulwer's extravagance some illustration is thrown upon 
 one portion of the history of human knowledge. He lived in an 
 age of great learning and of little judgment ; at a time when there 
 was a voracious appetite for information, and when fact and faction 
 were indiscriminately gorged and devoured by all who sought for 
 the reputation of learning." Lon. Retrosp. Review. 
 
 Bumpfield,W. R. Tropical Dysentery,Lon.,1818,8vo. 
 
 Bumstead, Josiah F., b. 1797 at Boston. Popular 
 Series of Readers. 
 
 Bunbury. The Church Catechism, Lon., 1727, 12mo. 
 
 Bunbury, C. J. F. A Residence at the Cape of Good 
 Hope; with Notes on the Natural History and Native 
 Tribes, Lon., 1848, 8vo. 
 
 " The statesman who may be called upon to discuss or decide upon 
 the public affairs of the Cape, the emigrant who may contemplate 
 removing his cares thither, the curious inquirer who would know 
 the rights of what has given rise to so much controversy, will find 
 Mr. Bunbury an intelligent and candid guide." Lon. Examiner. 
 
 Bunbury, Henry. Academy for Grown Horsemen, 
 Ac., by Geoffrey Gambado, Esq., Riding Master; with 17 
 engravings of equestrian performances, 1787, '91, fol. A 
 humorous work which still attracts attention. 
 
 Bunbury, Sir Henry. Narratives of the Wars with 
 France, 1799-1810, Lon., 8vo. Edited Sir Thomas Han- 
 mer's Life and Correspondence, Lon., 1838, 8vo. In this 
 valuable work will be found letters from Burke, Prior, 
 Goldsmith, Pope, Garrick, Dr. Young, Lord Nelson, 
 Crabbe, <fcc. 
 
 " There is indeed much curious literary and political matter in 
 these pages." ion. Literary Gazette. 
 
 Bunbury, Miss. A Visit to My Birth Place* Thoughts 
 in Suffering. Fear Not. 
 
 " Christians, while here, are much exposed to, and frequently 
 assailed by, formidable spiritual foes, and are apt to give place to 
 doubts and fears. This little volume is prepared to inspire them 
 with confidence, and to dissipate their fears, and is well adapted 
 to answer the end designed." New Method. Connection Mag. 
 
 Bunbury, Miss Selina. Coombe Abbey; a Tale, 
 1843, 8vo. Evelyn ; a Novel, 1849, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Even 
 ings in the Pyrenees, 1848, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Rides in the 
 Pyrenees, 1844, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Star of the Court ; or the 
 Maid of Honour and Queen of England, Anne Boleyn, 
 1845, p. 8vo. 
 
 T int * m0r * W * female ambition, vanity, and light- 
 g ' and * he remarks are ust."- 
 
 "A more appropriate present could not be chosen." Btockwood's 
 Lady > t Mag. 
 
 This is a charming little volume, containing all the fascination 
 Of a Romance, with the sober lessons of History ."BdhAs^mS 
 
 Life in Sweden, with Excursions in Norway and Den 
 mark, Lon., 2 vols. 
 
 " Two delightful, well-informed volumes, by a lady of much 
 acuteness, lively imagination, and shrewd observance. The work 
 can be safely recommended to the reader as the freshest, and most 
 certainly the truthfullest, publication upon the North that has of 
 late years been given to the world." Lon. Observer. 
 
 Russia after the War, 1857, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Other works. J 
 282 
 
 Bunbury? William. Reports of Cases in the Ex 
 chequer, from the Beginning of the Reign of Geo. I. to 
 14 Geo. II., pub. from his own MSS. ; by G. Wilson, Lon 
 1755, fol.; 2d edit,, Dubl., 1793, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Bunbury never meant that these cases should have been 
 published." LORD MANSFIELD. 
 
 But the editor was Mr. B.'s son-in-law; and it is to be 
 presumed that he was correctly informed upon the subject. 
 
 Bunce, John. St. Chrysostom Of the Priesthood; in 
 6 books; trans, from the Greek, 1759, p. 8vo. 
 
 Buncle, John. See AMORY, THOMAS. 
 
 Buncombe, Samuel. Sermon, 1767, 8vo. 
 
 Bundy, John. The Roman History from the French 
 of Catron and Rouille, Lon., 1728, 6 vols. fol. 
 
 Bundy, Richard, D.D., d. about 1739, Prebendary 
 of Westminster. Apparatus Biblicus, or an Introduction 
 to the Holy Scriptures, from the French of Pere Larny, 
 Lon., 1723, 4to. Commended by Bishops Watson and 
 Marsh. The English trans, contains some additional 
 matter, principally taken from Lamy's De Tabernaculo 
 Foederis. Sermons, 1740, 2 vols. 8vo. Sixteen Sermons, 
 1750, 8vo. 
 
 " Easiness of style and clearness of method characterize the 
 sermons of this author; he was a pleasing and instructive 
 preacher." Darling's Cyc. Bibl. 
 
 Buiin, Alfred. Poems, 1816, 8vo. The Stage, both 
 before and behind the Curtain, from " Observations taken 
 on the Spot/' Lon., 1840, 3 vols. c. 8vo. 
 
 "Full of curious and interesting details respecting modem 
 actors and the present state of the drama." 
 
 Old England and New England, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 Bunney, or Bunny, Edmund, 1540-1617, educated 
 at Oxford, became probationer Fellow of Magdalen Col 
 lege, and was appointed Chaplain to Archbishop Grindall. 
 The whole Summe of Christian Religion, Lon., 1576, Svo. 
 Abridgt. of Calvin's Institutions, 1580, Svo. Certain 
 Prayers, <fcc., for the 17th November, 1585, 4to. 
 
 " This work, as I take it, gave birth to the Accession form." 
 PECK. 
 
 He wrote some controversial pamphlets against Parsons 
 the Jesuit, and pub. some other theolog. treatises. 
 
 Bunney, or Bunny, Edward. Treatise on Pacifi 
 cation, Lon., 1591. 
 
 Bunney, or Bunny, Francis, 1543-1617, brother 
 of Edmund, was chosen perpetual Fellow of Magdalen 
 College, Oxford, 1562 ; Archdeacon of Northumberland, 
 1573. He wrote four Tracts against Popery, 1595, 1607. 
 A Survey of the Pope's Supremacy, 1595, 4to. Exposition 
 of Romans iii. 28, 1616, 4to. Guide to Godliness, 1617, 
 Svo. He left a Commentary on Joel, in MS. 
 
 " This person was very zealous in the way he professed, was a 
 great admirer of Jo. Calvin, a constant preacher, charitable, and a 
 stiff enemy to Popery." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Bunning, Charles. Peace in our Power, 1798, 8vo. 
 
 Bunow, Rev. E. J. Elements of Conchology, 1815. 
 
 Bunting, Edward. A General Collection of the 
 Ancient Music of Ireland, consisting of upwards of 165 
 Airs, Lon., 1840, 4to. The importance of this work to a 
 proper understanding of ancient Irish musical science, 
 need not be enlarged upon. 
 
 Bunting, Henry. Itinerarium totius Sacrse Scrip- 
 turae ; or the Travels of the Holy Patriarchs, Prophets, 
 Judges, Kings, our Saviour Christ, and his Apostles, Ac., 
 Lon., 1629, 4to. There have been several foreign editions 
 of this work. Chronologia Servestae, 1590. Itinerarium 
 et Chronicon totius S. Scripturse, Magdeb., 1598, fol. Di- 
 visio et Distributio Terrae Canaan, <fcc., Magdeb., 1597. 
 Chronologia Catholica, Magdeb., 1606, fol.; trans, into 
 German, Magdeb., 1608, fol. 
 
 Bunting, Jabez, D.D., 1778-1858, the "Hercules 
 of modern Methodism," was a native of Manchester, Eng 
 land. A Great Work Described and Recommended ; in a 
 Sermon, 1805, Svo. Justification by Faith; a Sermon, 
 1812, Svo ; 7th edit., Lon., 1847, Svo. Memorials of the 
 late Rev. Richard Watson, including a Funeral Sermon 
 on John viii. 51, Lon., 1833, Svo. 
 
 Bunworth, Richard. Med. Works, <fcc., 1656, '62. 
 
 Bunyan, Humphrey. Epithalamiurn on a recent 
 Marriage, 1812. 
 
 Bunyan, John, 1628-1688, is one of the most remark 
 able instances of the acquisition of great fame where no 
 thing was designed but the simple discharge of duty. He 
 was the son of a tinker residing at Elstow in Bedfordshire : 
 
 " For my descent then, it was, as is well known by many, of a 
 low and inconsiderable generation, my father's house being of that 
 rank that is meanest and most despised of all the families of the 
 land." A utobiography. 
 
 By his father's care, who taught him his own trade, he 
 was placed at school, where he obtained the first rudiments 
 of an English education : 
 
BUN 
 
 BUN 
 
 " Though to my shame, I confess, I did soon lose that I had 
 learned, even almost utterly, and that long before the Lord did 
 work his gracious work of conversion upon my soul." 
 
 His youth gave little promise of the exemplary piety 
 for which he was afterwards noted. Some of his modern 
 biographers have taken strange liberties with the facts of 
 the case, by seeking to represent his character at this 
 period as much better than it really was. If we can be 
 lieve his own words, he led a very dissolute life, and seems 
 anxious to acknowledge his transgressions, that he might 
 magnify the mercy which snatched him from the "horri- 
 vi~ :* A *i ~:-.r io-n. >> " 
 
 heen written during Bunyan's imprisonment, which terminated 
 in 1672, it was probably published before his release, or, at latest, 
 immediately after it." 
 
 It had reached the tenth edition in 1685 ! Bunyan, in 
 the preface to the second part, published in 1684, com 
 plains that 
 
 " Some have of late, to counterfeit 
 My Pilgrim, to their own my title set; 
 Yea, others, half my name and title too, 
 Have stitched to their books, to make them do." 
 If not very poetical, this is sufficiently significant 
 The third part, denied to be Bunyan's, appeared in 1693. 
 
 ble Pit^and the miry clay/' ^ Such histances^of J' Grace , It hag been SU gg es ted that the hint of the Pilgrim's Pro- 
 
 from an allegory written by the Rev. 
 
 Abounding" are of great value, and should teach us never j 
 
 to despair of, nor cease to labour for, the reformation and i Richard Bernard, The Isle of Man; or Legal Proceed- 
 
 cpnversion of the most vicious. He tells us, with his own, ingg in Manshire against Sin) LoDv 162 7 . this work seems 
 
 simple pathos, the manner in which his conscience re 
 ceived an impression which led to the happiest results for 
 his future character: 
 
 " As I was standing at a neighbour's shop-window, and there 
 cursing and swearing after my wonted manner, there sat within 
 the woman of the house, who heard me; and though she was a 
 very loose and ungodly wretch, yet protested that I swore and 
 cursed at that most fearful rate, that she was made to tremble to 
 hear me. ... At this reproof, I was silenced, and put to secret 
 shame, and that, too, as I thought, before the God of Heaven ; 
 wherefore, while I stood there, hanging down my head, I wished 
 that I might be a little child again, that my father might learn me 
 to speak without this wicked way of swearing." 
 
 What an encouragement is this to reprove profanity, 
 and, indeed, to proffer good advice even to those who seem 
 the most unlikely to be edified ! " Blessed are they that 
 sow beside all waters." " Thou knowest not which shall 
 prosper, this or that." 
 
 At the early age of nineteen, he married a wife "whose 
 father and mother were counted godly." This connex 
 ion was of great advantage to him: his immoral habits 
 were laid aside, and he was so much pleased with this 
 improvement, that he tells us, "I thought no man in 
 England could please God better than I." He was fa 
 voured with more correct views both of his own depra 
 vity, and of the justifying grace which is in Christ Jesus; 
 and in the year 1653 he was considered qualified for ad 
 mission into a Baptist congregation at Bedford. Two 
 years later, on the death of the pastor, he was urged to 
 preach to the congregation, at least for a season. He was 
 eagerly heard both in Bedford and in the adjoining parts 
 of the country. After preaching for some five years, Justice 
 Wingate, who declared he would break the neck of such 
 meetings, issued an indictment against him, which ran in 
 these words : 
 
 " John Bunyan hath devilishly and perniciously abstained from 
 coming to church to hear divine service, and is a common upholder 
 of several unlawful meetings and conventicles, to the disturbance 
 and distraction of the good subjects of this kingdom, contrary to 
 the laws of our sovereign lord and king." 
 
 He was cast into Bedford jail, where were about sixty 
 Dissenters, and 
 
 " Here with only two books, the Bible and Fox's Book of Mar 
 tyrs, he employed his time for twelve years and a half, in preach 
 ing to, and praying with, his fellow-prisoners, in writing several 
 of his works, and in making tagged laces for the support of him 
 self and family." DR. BARLOW. 
 
 ^ Bishop Lincoln to his praise be it recorded procured 
 his enlargement in 1672. He visited his religious brethren 1 
 in various parts of England, exhorting them to good works 
 and holiness of life; by these visitations, he acquired the 
 name of Bishop Bunyan. When James II. issued his 
 proclamation for liberty of conscience to Dissenters, Bunyan 
 built a meeting-house at Bedford. He annually visited 
 his Baptist brethren in London, where such was his popu 
 larity that the meeting-house was too strait for his hearers. 
 During one of these journeys, he was overtaken by a 
 violent storm of rain, from which he contracted a cold, 
 which ended fatally, at his lodgings in Snow-hill, August 
 
 Bunyan wrote many works ; it is said as many as he was 
 years of age, (60,) but is chiefly known by that wonderful 
 production, " Pilgrim's Progress," the fruit of his imprison 
 ment, and, we had almost said, valuable enough to recon 
 cile us to the wickedness of that persecuting spirit that 
 thus unwittingly educed good from evil. But, no ; we abhor 
 the crime, while we rejoice that it was overruled to such 
 happy results. In accordance with what we esteem one 
 of the most valuable features of our work, we shall pro 
 ceed to give the opinions of various eminent authorities 
 upon the merits of the best-known uninspired allegory 
 which has been composed by the wit of man. 
 
 " It is not known," says Dr. Southey, (who has written the life 
 of Bunyan,) ' in what year ' The Pilgrim's Progress' was first 
 published ; no copy of the first edition having as yet been dis 
 covered. The second is in the British Museum ; it is with addi 
 tions, and its date is 1678. But as the work is known to have 
 
 to have been as popular as Bunyan's, having also reached 
 the tenth edition in eight years, 1635. Bunyan's Pil 
 grim has been translated into almost every modern Euro 
 pean tongue, and is perhaps the most popular religious 
 work ever written. 
 
 " If this work is not a ' well of English undefiled,' it is a clear 
 stream of current English, the vernacular speech of his age ; some 
 times, indeed, in its rusticity and coarseness, but always in its 
 plainness and its strength. To this natural style, Bunyan is in 
 some degree beholden for his general popularity ; his language is 
 everywhere level to the most ignorant reader, and to the meanest 
 capacity: there is a homely reality about it; a nursery tale is not 
 more intelligible in its manner of narration to a child. Another 
 cause of his popularity is, that he taxes the imagination as little 
 as the understanding. The vividness of his own imagination is 
 such, that he saw the things of which he was writing as distinctly 
 with his mind's eye as if they were indeed passing before him in 
 a dream. And the reader, perhaps, sees them more satisfactorily 
 to himself, because the outline only of the picture is presented to 
 him, and the author having made no attempt to fill up the details, 
 every reader supplies them according to the measure and scope of 
 his own intellectual and imaginative powers." SOUTHET. 
 
 Mr. Ivimey, another biographer of Bunyan's, thus 
 speaks of the basis of this allegory : 
 
 " The plan of this work is admirable, being drawn from the cir 
 cumstances of his own life, as a stranger and pilgrim, who had 
 left the ' City of Destruction' upon a journey towards the ' Celestial 
 Country.' The difficulties he met with in his determination to 
 serve Jesus Christ, suggested the many circumstances of danger 
 through which this pilgrim passed. The versatile conduct of 
 some professors of religion, suggested the different characters which 
 Christian met with in his way ; these, most probably, were persons 
 whom he well knew, and who, perhaps, would be individually 
 read at the time." 
 
 Bunyan seems to have been sorely perplexed by the 
 conflicting advice of his friends as to the expediency or 
 otherwise of printing his " little book :" 
 
 " Some said, John, print it ; others said, Not so ; 
 
 Some said it might do good, others said, No." 
 Thus differently advised, 
 
 " Now was I in a strait, and did not see 
 
 Which was the best thing to be done by me." 
 
 He decided, as authors generally do in such cases: 
 
 " At last I thought, since you are thus divided, 
 
 I print it will ; and so the case decided." 
 "Ingenious dreamer! in whose well-told tale 
 Sweet fiction and sweet truth alike prevail; 
 Whose humorous vein, strong sense, and simple style, 
 May teach the gayest, make the gravest smile; 
 Witty, and well employed, and, like thy Lord, 
 Speaking in parables his slighted word ; 
 I name thee not, lest so despised a name 
 Should move a sneer at thy deserved feme." COWPER. 
 It is a curious fact that Bunyan's prison companion, 
 Fox's Book of Martyrs, (his only book save the Bible,) 
 was sold in 1780 to Mr. Wantner of the Priories ; it was 
 inherited by his daughter, Mrs. Parnell of Botolph Lane ; 
 and afterwards purchased by subscription for the Bedford 
 shire General Library. It is enriched with the poor pri 
 soner's annotations, in rhyme, one of which we quote ; it 
 is a comment upon the account of Gardiner's death : 
 " The blood, the blood that he did shed 
 Is felling on his one [own] head ; 
 And dreadful it is for to see 
 The beginers of his misere." 
 
 Bunyan had a talent for repartee. A Quaker visited 
 him in Bedford jail, and declared that by the order of the 
 Lord he had sought for him in half the prisons of England. 
 " If the Lord had sent you," replied the prisoner, you need 
 not have taken so much trouble to find me out; for the Lord 
 knows that I have been a prisoner in Bedford jail for the last 
 twelve years." 
 
 Mr. Granger remarks, 
 
 " Bunyan, who has been mentioned among the least and lowest 
 of our writers, and even ridiculed as a driveller by those who had 
 never read him, deserves a much higher rank than is commonly 
 imagined His Pilgrim's Progress gives us a clear and distinct 
 idea of Calvinistic divinity. In the first part, the allegory is ad 
 mirably carried on, and the characters justly drawn, and uniformly 
 supported. The author's original and poetic genius shines through 
 the coarseness and vulgarity of his language, and intimates that 
 if he had been a master of numbers, he might have composed a 
 
BUN 
 
 BUN 
 
 poem worthy of Spenser himself. As this opinion may be deemed 
 paradoxical, I shall venture to name two persons of eminence of 
 the same sentiments; one, the late Mr. Merrick of Reading; the 
 other, Dr. Roberts, now Fellow of Eton College." 
 
 " Mr. Merrick has been heard to say, in conversation, that his in 
 vention was like that of Homer." 
 
 Lord Kames makes a remark of a similar character ; he 
 describes the Pilgrim's Progress as 
 
 " Composed in a style enlivened, like that of Homer, by a proper 
 mixture of the dramatic and narrative, and upon that account it 
 has been translated into most European languages." 
 Dean Swift declared, that 
 
 " He had been better entertained, and more informed, by a 
 chapter in the Pilgrim's Progress, than by a long discourse upon 
 the will and intellect, and simple or complex ideas." 
 
 Dr. Radcliffe terms this allegory a " phoenix in a cage." 
 " Honest John Bunyan is the first man I know of, who has min 
 gled narrative and dialogue together ; a mode of writing very en 
 gaging to the reader, who, in the most interesting passages, finds 
 himself admitted, as it were, into the company, and present at the 
 conversation." DR. FRANKLIN. 
 
 " Bunyan's Pilgrim was a Christian, but Patrick's only a Pedlar." 
 When Charles II. expressed his surprise to Dr. Owen 
 that a man of his learning could " sit and hear an illite 
 rate tinker prate," the doctor answered : 
 
 " May it please your majesty, could I possess that tinker's abi 
 lities for preaching, I would most gladly relinquish all my learn 
 ing." 
 
 Mr. Conder, in his biographical sketch of our author, 
 has vindicated him from some erroneous representations 
 which he considers Dr. Southey to have made in his Life 
 of Bunyan. In the good tinker's own day, " erroneous 
 representations" of him were not unknown, for we find an 
 account of a work with this most ungracious title Dirt 
 wiped out, or a manifest Discovery of the gross Ignorance, 
 Erroneousness, and most unchristian and wicked spirit of 
 one John Bunyan, Lay preacher in Bedford, <fcc., Lon., 
 
 1672, by . But we forbear to give the author's name. 
 
 Those who desire to have a faithful account of the strug 
 gles and trials of Bunyan, should read his Grace Abound 
 ing to the Chief of Sinners ; nor should The Holy War 
 made by King Shaddai upon Diabolus, <fcc. be neglected. 
 Of the Pilgrim's Progress Mr. Joseph Ivimey wrote a con 
 tinuation, of which Lowndes thus speaks : 
 
 " The allegory is in many places singularly well sustained, and 
 the performance is in every way creditable to the talents and in 
 formation of the writer." 
 
 "Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress and The Holy War are inimitable 
 specimens of genius and humour in the service of experimental 
 religion. His works display an original genius, depth of Christian 
 experience, and much greater precision of thought and expression 
 than might have been expected from a man who made no preten 
 sions to literature." DR. WILLIAMS. 
 
 " Bedford jail was that den wherein Bunyan dreamed his dream : 
 The Pilgrim's Progress, a book which the child and his grand 
 mother read with equal delight; and which, more than almost 
 any other work, may be said to be 
 
 1 Meet for all hours, and every mood of man,' 
 was written in prison, where Bunyan preached to his fellow-pri 
 soners, supported his family by making tagged laces, and filled up 
 his leisure by writing a considerable part of two folio volumes. 
 The work by which he immortalized himself grew from a sudden 
 thought which occurred while he was writing in a different strain. 
 Its progress he relates oddly enough in his rhyming apology, but 
 more curiously in some verses prefixed to the Holy War : 
 ' It came from mine own heart, so to my head, 
 And thence into my fingers trickeled ; 
 So to my pen, from whence immediately, 
 On paper I did dribble it daintily.' 
 
 These curious verses conclude with an anagram, made in noble 
 contempt of orthography. 
 
 ' Witness my name ; if anagram'd it be, 
 The letters make Nu hony in a B.' 
 
 . . . Blind reasoners, who do not see that it is to their intellect, 
 not to their principles of dissent, that Milton and Bunyan and 
 De Foe owe their immortality ! strange company, we confess, but 
 each incomparable in his way." Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 " I know of no book, the Bible excepted, as above all compari 
 son, which I, according to my judgment and experience, could so 
 safely recommend as teaching and enforcing the whole saving 
 truth, according to the mind that was in Christ Jesus, as the Pil 
 grim s Progress. It is, in my conviction, incomparably the best 
 Summa Theologicae Evangelicse ever produced by a writer not 
 miraculously inspired. ... It is composed in the lowest style of 
 English, without slang or false grammar. If you were to polish 
 it, you would at once destroy the reality of the vision. For works 
 ot imagination should be written in very plain language' the 
 more purely imaginative they are, the more necessary it is to be 
 plain. This wonderful book is one of the few books which may 
 be read repeatedly, at different times, and each time with a new 
 and a different pleasure. I read it once as a theologian, and let 
 me assure you that there is great theological acumen in the work 
 once with devotional feelings; and once as a poet. I could not 
 have believed beforehand, that Calvinism could be painted in 
 such delightful colours." COLERIDGE. 
 
 It is no slight evidence of the great merit of our author 
 that critics of such opposite tastes in many particulars, vie 
 with each other in commendation of the Tinker of Bed 
 ford. Hear Dr. Johnson on this theme : 
 
 " April 30, 1773. Johnson praised John Bunyan highly. His 
 Pilgrim's Progress has great merit, both for invention, imagina 
 tion, and the conduct of the story ; and it has had the best evi 
 dence of its merit, the general and continued approbation of man 
 kind. Few books, I believe, have had a more extensive sale. It 
 is remarkable, that it begins very much like the poem of Dante; 
 yet there was no translation of Dante when Bunyan wrote. There 
 is reason to think that he had read Spenser." Hoswell's Life of 
 Johnson. 
 
 "Perhaps there is no book, with the single exception of the 
 Bible, that has been so widely diffused, translated into so many 
 languages, and that is fitted to take so firm a hold of the minds 
 both of old and young, of learned and unlearned, as the Pilgrim's 
 Progress. Its unity of design and fertility of invention, the poetic 
 fancy it displays, and the graphic faithfulness of the pictures it 
 contains both of life and manners ; these, together with its scrip 
 tural truth and great practical utility, have obtained for this de- 
 Kghtful allegory a popularity no less great than it promises to be 
 enduring. Its merits, indeed, are incontestable." DR. JAMIESON. 
 
 " It is, indeed, one of the most extraordinary productions of any 
 age or country; and its popularity is, perhaps, unrivalled. . . . 
 Though upon the most serious of subjects, it is read by children 
 with as much pleasure as are the fictions written professedly for 
 their amusement." MILLS. 
 
 "Bunyan is unjustly despised by some; his natural talents 
 and evangelical principles and piety are admirable." BICKERTETH. 
 
 "In what then consists the peculiar charm of this strange and 
 original fiction a charm which renders the rude pages of Bunyan 
 as familiar and delightful to a child as they are attractive to the 
 less impressionable mind of critical manhood? It is the homely 
 earnestness, the idiomatic vigour of the style ; it is the fearless 
 straightforwardness of the conceptions, and the inexhaustible rich 
 ness of imagery and adventures." PROF. T. B. SHAW. 
 
 " What an illustrious instance of the superiority of goodness 
 over learning ! Who now reads the learned wits of the reign of 
 Charles the Second ? Who comparatively reads even Dryden, or 
 Tillotson, or Barrow, or Boyle, or Sir William Temple? Who has 
 not read, who will not read, the immortal epic of John Bunyan ? 
 Who does not, who will not ever, with Cowper, 
 
 * Revere the man whose pilgrim marks the road, 
 And guides the progress of the soul to God V " 
 
 C. D. CLEVELAND. 
 
 " Disraeli has well designated Bunyan as the Spenser of the 
 people ; every one familiar with his Faery Queen must acknow 
 ledge the truth of the description. If it were not apparently in 
 congruous, we would call him, in another score, the spiritual 
 Shakspeare of the world : for the accuracy and charm with which 
 he has delineated the changes and progress of the spiritual life, 
 are not less exquisite than that of Shakspeare in the Seven Ages, 
 and innumerable scenes of human life." F. American Review, 
 vol. xxxvi. 
 
 "The style of Bunyan is delightful to every reader, and invalu 
 able as a study to every person who wishes to obtain a wide com 
 mand over the English language. The vocabulary is the vocabu 
 lary of the common people. There is not an expression, if we 
 except a few technical terms of theology, which would puzzle the 
 rudest peasant. We have observed several pages which do not 
 contain a single word of more than two syllables. Yet no writer 
 has said more exactly what he meant to say. For magnificence, 
 for pathos, for vehement exhortation, for subtle disquisition, for 
 every purpose of the poet, the orator, and the divine, this homely 
 dialect, the dialect of plain workingmen, was perfectly sufficient 
 There is no book in our literature on which we could so readily 
 stake the fame of the old unpolluted English language ; no book 
 which shows so well how rich that language is in its own proper 
 wealth, and how little it has been improved by all that it has bor 
 rowed. . . . We are not afraid to say that, though there were 
 many clever men in England during the latter half of the seven 
 teenth century, there were only two great creative minds. One 
 of those minds produced the Paradise Lost, the other, the Pil 
 grim's Progress." T. B. MACAULAY. 
 
 " The Pilgrim's Progress was so acceptable to the common peo 
 ple, by reason of the amusing and parabolical manner of its com 
 position, by way of vision, a method he was thought to have such 
 an extraordinary knack in, that some thought there were commu 
 nications made to him in dreams, and that he first really dreamt 
 over the matter contained in such of his writings. This notion 
 was not a little propagated by his picture before some of these 
 books, which is represented in a sleeping posture." Oldys's MSS. 
 
 " He had the invention, but not the other natural qualifications 
 which are necessary to constitute a great poet. If his genius had 
 intended him to be any thing more than a poet in prose, it would 
 probably, like Shakspeare's, have broken through every difficulty 
 of birth and station." DR. KIPPIS. 
 
 "The originality of Bunyan's genius is strikingly displayed in 
 the Holy War. Indeed, the Holy War has no prototype in any 
 language." DR. CHEEVER; see his Lectures on Pilgrim's Progress. 
 
 Among the editors of Pilgrim's Progress and biogra- 
 
 Shers of Bunyan may be mentioned Southey, Ivimey, 
 ffer, Burder, Gilpin, Mason, Montgomery, Philip, Scott, 
 Conder, and St. John. Bunyan's Works, 2 vols. fol., 1602, 
 1736, '37, '60, with Preface by G. Whitefielcl, 1707; 
 2 vols. fol., Edin., 1771; 6 vols. 8vo, with Notes by 
 Mason, Lon., 1784, 6 vols. 8vo ; best ed., by Offer, 3 vols. 
 r. 8vo, Lon., 1853. 
 
 Oldys mentions it as the observation of the anonymous 
 author of a discourse concerning Ridicule and Irony in 
 Writing, printed in 1729, that Bunyan's Pilgrim's Pro 
 gress had infinitely outdone a certain publication which 
 the author mentions, which perhaps had not made one 
 convert to infidelity ; whereas the Pilgrim's Progress had 
 converted many sinners to Christ. 
 
BUN 
 
 The Retrospective Review, in comparing Beaumont's 
 Psyche with some of Bunyan's characters, remarks, 
 
 " As an allegory, Psyche is exceedingly meagre and inartificial : 
 the heroine herself is a vague, featureless personification, and her 
 attendants, Logos and Thelema. (the reason and the will,) are poor 
 and lifeless compared with the bustling and dramatic personages 
 of our old friend Bunyan in the siege of Mansoul, My Lord Will- 
 be-Will, Mr. Recorder Conscience, and the rest." Vol. xii. 
 
 The same excellent periodical considers that there are 
 good reasons for the conjecture that Bunyan's Pilgrim's 
 Progress was suggested by John Carthemy's Voyage of 
 the Wandering Knight, translated by Goodyeare some 
 years before Bunyan's imprisonment in Bedford jail. We 
 shall only remark that, if a supposed or even real simi 
 larity between the productions of the human mind is to be 
 accepted as a proof of derivation, then to use a favourite 
 phrase of Dr. Johnson of such conjectures "there will be 
 no end." There is, however, a striking resemblance be 
 tween some of the adventures of the Wandering Knight 
 and those of Bunyan's Pilgrim. See Retrosp. Rev., i. 250. 
 
 I! 11 ii you, C. J. Law of Life Assurance, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Burbury, Mrs. Collects, Epistles, and Gospels Ex 
 plained, Lon., 12mo. Florence Sackville; or, Self-De- 
 pendence, 1851, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Other works. 
 
 " Mrs. Burbury possesses a clear appreciation of humour and 
 pathos, a firm hand in noting down the boundary lines and salient 
 features of character, and a constancy to the leading plan and pur 
 pose of her story. The story of poor Milly the pathos of which 
 is fearful would alone justify us in placing Mrs. Burbury high 
 among modern novelists." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 Burbury, John. History of Christianna Alessandra, 
 Lon., 1658, 12mo. Relation of a Journey of Lord Henry 
 Howard (afterwards Duke of Norfolk) from London to 
 Vienna, and thence to Constantinople, Lon., 1671, 12mo. 
 
 Burch, Thomas. The Free Grace of God Displayed 
 in the Salvation of Men ; two Essays, 1756, 8vo. 
 
 " At the request of the worthy Author of the following Essays, I 
 have perused them ; and observe nothing in them but what is agree 
 able to the sacred Scriptures, to the form of sound Words, to the 
 analogy of Faith, and the doctrine of the Gospel." DR. GILL. 
 
 Burchall, James. Con. to Med. Obs. & Inq., iii. 106. 
 
 Burchell, Joseph. Digest of the Laws in the King's 
 Bench and Common Pleas from 1756 to 1794, inclusive, 
 Lon., 1796, 8vo. Other legal works, Ac., 1801, t)2. '08. 
 
 Burchell, William J. Travels in the Interior of 
 Southern Africa, Lon., 1822-24, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 "The enterprising and successful exertions of Burchell have 
 taught us that there are scarcely any assignable limits to human 
 courage and enthusiasm. . . . These travels were undertaken with 
 the intention of exploring the unknown countries lying between 
 the Cape of Good Hope and the Portuguese Settlements on the 
 Western Coast, by a circuitous track into the Interior Regions. 
 The author, after penetrating into the heart of the Continent to 
 the depth of nearly eleven hundred miles, to a country never be 
 fore described, met with obstacles which it was found impossible 
 to surmount, and which compelled him to alter the original plan 
 of his route. . . . His researches have embraced that variety of 
 subjects which a journey over ground never before trodden by 
 European foot, and through the strange and unknown regions of 
 Africa, might be expected to afford." >ibdin's Lib. Companion. 
 
 Burches, George. The Doctrine of Original Sin 
 Maintained on Ps. li. 5, Lon., 1655, 8vo. 
 
 Burchett, Josiah, Secretary of the Admiralty. Me 
 moirs of Transactions at Sea, during the War with France* 
 1688-97, Lon., 1703, 8vo; 1720, fol. This elicited Col. 
 Luke Lillington's Reflections on Mr. BurchelPs Memoirs, 
 &G., Lon., 1704, 8vo. Mr. B. responded in a Justification 
 of his Naval Memoirs, in answer to Col. L.'s Reflections, 
 1704, 8vo. Complete History of the most remarkable 
 Transactions at Sea, from the earliest accounts of Time, to 
 the conclusion of the last war with France, Lon., 1720, fol. 
 
 " The great progenitor of all those ponderous tomes of verbosity, 
 fallacy, and blunders, which for a century have been palmed upon 
 the public as ' standard authorities' in naval history and naval 
 biography." 
 
 For an account of this work " the first British author 
 ity which sought to achieve the bold and perilous under 
 taking of chronicling occurrences afloat from the earliest 
 accounts of time" see The Naval Sketch Book. 
 
 Burchett, M. The Ark ; a Poem, in imitation of Du 
 Bartas, Lon., 1714, 4to. 
 
 Burchyer, Henry. Authenticity of the word Ster- 
 lingoruin or Sterling. See Hearne's Collections, ii.321,1771. 
 
 Burckhardt, John Ludwig, 1784-1817, a native 
 of Lausanne, Switzerland, arrived in London, July, 1806, 
 with a letter from the celebrated Blumenbach to Sir Joseph 
 Banks. In May, 1808, he was engaged by the African 
 Association to make an attempt to penetrate into the in 
 terior of Africa from the North. He sailed from Ports 
 mouth in March, 1809, and was engaged until the time of 
 his death in making arrangements for prosecuting the ob 
 ject of his mission. He encountered great hardships, and 
 
 BUR 
 
 at last, like Belzoni, fell a victim to dysentery, Oct. 15, 
 1817, when making preparations to commence his long- 
 delayed journey to Fezzan, to explore the source of the 
 Niger. His Journal and Memoranda, which he had par 
 tially prepared for publication, fortunately were preserved, 
 and transmitted to the African Association, and were pub. 
 in the following order : 1. Travels in Nubia, and in the 
 Interior of North-Eastern Africa, performed in 1813 ; Lon., 
 1819, 4to. 2. Travels in Syria and the Holy Land, 1822, 
 4to. 3. Travels in Arabia, 1829, 4to. 4. Notes on the 
 Bedouins and Wahabys, 1830, 4to. 
 
 "Whether we consider its views of Arab manners, customs, in 
 stitutions, and other particulars, or its exhibition of the remark 
 able Mohammedan sectaries, the Wahabys, from their earliest ap 
 pearance as reformers, to almost the present time, we find abun 
 dance of matter to gratify curiosity, and entertain and inform the 
 reader. It is the best account of the Arab tribes we have ever 
 seen." Lon. Lit. Gaz. 
 
 " It throws new light on a race, which has long stood single 
 among the nations, retaining from age to age a character in which 
 lofty virtues and odious vices are strangely combined. . . . Burck 
 hardt has done much towards elucidating the manners of the 
 Arabians, and communicating an idea of the real condition of 
 that extraordinary people. . . . This work has thrown new light on 
 the subject of Bedouin love, courtship, and marriage." Edin.Rev. 
 
 5. Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians il 
 lustrated from their Proverbial Sayings current at Cairo, 
 1830, 4to. He bequeathed his collection of Oriental MSS. 
 to the University of Cambridge. 
 
 Burckhardt combined some of the most essential qualifi 
 cations for the life which he adopted. Had he lived a few 
 years longer he was cut off" at the early age of 33 we 
 should have possessed invaluable contributions to the stock 
 of knowledge of a deeply-interesting character. 
 
 Bnrd, Richard, D.D. Sermons, 1684, 1704, 4to. 
 
 Bui d, William, Surgeon. Con. to Ann. of Med., 1797. 
 
 Burde, Andrew. See BORDE. 
 
 Burden, or Bnrdin, J., M.D. A Course of Medical 
 Studies ; trans, from the French, Lon., 1803, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Burden, W. Poetry for Children ; selected, 1805. 
 
 Burder, George, 1752-1832, b. in London, minister 
 of the Independent Chapel, Fetter Lane, London. Bun 
 yan's Pilgrim's Progress ; a new edit., with Notes, 1786, 
 12mo. Evangelical Truth Defended, 1788, 8vo. The 
 Welsh Indians, 1797, 8vo. Bunyan's Holy War; a new 
 edit,, with Notes, 1803, 8vo. Supplement to Watts's 
 Psalms and Hymns, which passed through probably forty 
 editions. Mr. B. pub. several other works, the best-known 
 of which is the Collection of Village Sermons, 1799-1812, 
 6 vols. 8vo, and several editions since; in 1838 they were 
 pub. in 8 vols. in 4; 1 vol. 12mo, 1838,- do., 1840; do., ed. 
 by J. Cobbin, 1852, 12mo. 
 
 *" Burder's Village Sermons are highly and deservedly popular, 
 and very useful." LOWNDES ; BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Burder, Henry Forster. Funeral Sermon, 1811, 
 8vo. Discourses on the Divine Attributes, 1822, 8vo. 
 
 " Its attractive composition, the clearness of its statements, and 
 the decided character of its evangelical instructions, render it a 
 valuable and sure guide in the earliest stages of religious inquiry." 
 Congregational Mag. 
 
 Lectures on the Pleasures of Religion, 1823, 8vo. 
 
 "We do not recollect any work that we could more confidently 
 put into the hands of intelligent and ingenuous youth than this 
 interesting statement of the pleasures of a religious life." Ibid. 
 
 Lectures on the Essentials of Religion, 1825, 8vo. 
 
 " We are decidedly of opinion that this volume, compared with 
 all the other productions of the author, is the chef-d'ceuvre, in 
 point of thought and illustration." Ibid. 
 
 Four Lectures on the Law of the Sabbath, 1831, 8vo. 
 
 "Dr. Burder's Lectures present with great perspicuity and con 
 ciseness the outlines of the argument, in a form adapted for popu 
 lar circulation." LOWNDES. 
 
 Psalms and Hymns, Lon., 1826, 12mo : of these, 313 
 are from Dr. Watts. The Eclectic Review considers it the 
 best of all the selections from Watts. Notes on the Pro 
 phecies of the Apocalypse, 1849, p. 8vo. 
 
 "For the majority of readers Dr. Burder has gone far enough 
 into his theme. ... To devotional readers the treatise will be very 
 acceptable." Brit. Quarterly Review. * 
 
 Mental Discipline : Hints on the Cultivation of Intel 
 lectual and Moral Habits. Addressed particularly to Stu 
 dents in Theology, and Young Preachers. 5th edit., to 
 which is appended an address on Pulpit Eloquence, by the 
 Rev. Justin Edwards, Lon., 1846, fp. 8vo. 
 
 A* we "- arran g e d and clearly-expressed exposition of the 
 author a readings and reflections on mental and moral discipline, 
 it will richly repay the attentive perusal of the important classes 
 for whom it is especially prepared." Lon. Biblical Review. 
 
 Serms. preached at St. Thomas's Square Chapel, Hack 
 ney, 1854, 8vo. 
 
 Burder, John. Elementary Discourses, Stroudw., 
 1819, 12mo. Lectures on Religion, Holdsw., 1826, 8vo. 
 
 "A werk of great utility." Cbngreg. Mag. 
 
BUR 
 
 BUR 
 
 A Memoir of Thomas Harrison Burder, M.D., 1844, 12mo. 
 " Mr. Burdar has executed bis task by no means an easy one 
 with prudence and good taste." Christian Examiner. 
 
 Burder, Samuel, late of Clare Hall, Cambridge, and 
 Lecturer of Christ Church, Newgate street, and St. Leo 
 nard's, Foster Lane, London. The Moral Law, Lon., 1795, 
 12mo. Christian Directory, 1800, 12mo. Owen's Display 
 of Arminianism: a new edit., revised and corrected. 
 Oriental Customs ; or an Illustration of the Sacred Scrip 
 tures, <fec., Lon., 1802-07, 2 vols. 8vo ; several edits. ; 1839, 
 8vo ; much improved since first pub. 
 
 "A useful abridgment of Banner's Observations, with many 
 valuable additions from recent voyagers and travellers, arranged 
 in the order of the Books, Chapters, and Verses of the Bible." T. 
 H. HORNE. 
 
 Trans, into German (with corrections and additions, 
 since incorporated in Border's work) by Rosenmiiller, 
 Leips., 1819, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Burder's work has not only been composed with consider 
 able labour, but this labour will be productive of much utility. 
 The arrangement of the observations according to the order of 
 Scripture will render the work an acceptable book of reference to 
 Divines and Biblical Scholars." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 " It leaves out much that is valuable in Harmer." Orme's Bibl. B. 
 Oriental Literature applied to the Illustration of the 
 Sacred Scriptures, 1822, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Had Mr. Burder been a profound Oriental scholar, this might 
 have been made a very interesting book. . . . But mere compila 
 tions of this nature, however faithfully executed, cannot deeply 
 interest the Biblical scholar. The real and most formidable diffi 
 culties of Scriptural expression and allusion are never met by 
 them." ORME. 
 
 Oriental Customs, Lon., 1831, sm. 8vo, 4th edit., Lon., 
 1847, fp. 8vo. This volume contains a selection from the 
 more popular articles contained in the two preceding works, 
 with additions from recent publications. 
 
 Memoirs of eminently pious British Women ; new edit., 
 1815, 3 vols. 8vo ; and 1823, 3 vols. 12mo. The Scripture 
 Expositor, 1809, 2 vols. 4to. This work also illustrates 
 Scripture by the assistance of Eastern Customs. Of the 
 value of such illustrations there can be no question. 
 
 " The manners of the East, amidst all the changes of govern 
 ment and religion, are still the same: they are living impressions 
 from an original mould; and at every step some object, some 
 idiom, some dress, or some custom of common life, reminds the 
 traveller of ancient times, and confirms, above all, the beauty, the 
 accuracy, and the propriety of the language and the history of the 
 Bible." Morier's Second Journey through Pkrsia. 
 
 Burder, William. Religious Ceremonies and Cus 
 toms, Lon., 1841, 8vo. Formed on the basis of Picart's 
 work, and contains much instructive matter. 
 Burdett, Charles. Sermon, 1724, 4to. 
 Burdett, Charles. Sermon, 1760, 4to. Pilgrim's 
 Progress Versified, 1804. 
 
 Burdett, Charles, b. 1815 in the city of New York. 
 Emma; or the Lost Found. Adopted Child. Trials and 
 Triumphs. Never too late. Chances and Changes. Ma 
 rion Desmond. The Gambler, fec. Editor of Barring- 
 ton's Physical Geography. Contrib. to many periodicals. 
 Burdett, Sir Francis, M.P. for Westmin. Speeches, 
 1802, '04, '09, '12. Addresses to Constituents, 1810. 
 Burdett, Mrs. Walter Hamilton, Lon., 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 Kurdm. See BURDEN. 
 
 Burdon, Miss. 1. All Classes, Lon., 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 2. Forrester's Daughter, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 3. Friends of Fon- 
 tainebleau, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 4. Lost Evidence, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 5. The Pope and the Actor, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 6. Seymour of 
 Sudley, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 7. Thirst for Gold, 3 vols. p. Svo. 
 8. Ward of the Crown, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 Burdon, William. Pocket Farrier, 1730, '45, Svo. 
 Burdon, William. Three Letters to the Bishop of 
 Llandaff, 1795, Svo. On the Pursuits of Literature, 1799- 
 1800, Svo. Politics, Morality, and Literature, 1800, Svo. 
 Materials for Thinking, 1803-10, 2 vols. Svo; 3d edit., 
 L814, 2 vols. Svo. Advice, 1803. Other literary and poli 
 tical works. 
 
 Burwood, Jane. Faith and Patience, Lon., 1693. 
 Burdy, Samuel. Life of Philip Skelton, 1792, 8vo. 
 ? \ S S r J f Ireland froi the earliest ages to the Union, 
 
 Iol7y OVO. 
 
 Bureau, James. Medical Essays, Lon., 1777, '89, '92. 
 
 Burford, John, of King's College, Cambridge. In- 
 shtutionem Metaphysicarum, lib. ii., Lon., 1654, Svo 
 stitutiones Metaphysics*, Oxf., 1675, 12mo. Institutions 
 Logicae, Camb., 1680, Svo. 
 
 Burford, Samuel. Ordination Sermon, 1765 4to 
 
 Burge, William, Queen's Counsel, d. 1850, aged 63 
 Commentaries on the Law of Suretyship, last edit. Lon 
 1849, Svo ; 1st Amer. edit, Boston, 1847, Svo. This work 
 will be found of great use to the American lawyer as well 
 as to the members of the English Bar. 
 
 Observations on the Supreme Appellate Jurisdiction of 
 Great Britain, Lon., 1841, Svo. Commentaries on Colo 
 nial and Foreign Laws generally, and in their conflict 
 with each other and with the Law of England, Lon., 1838, 
 4 vols. 8vo ; new edit, in course of preparation. 
 
 This work should stand on the same shelf with Mr. Jus 
 tice Story's Treatise upon the Conflict of Laws. This emi 
 nent author thus refers to Burge's work : 
 
 " It exhibits great learning and research, and as its merits are 
 not as yet generally known to the profession on this side of the 
 Atlantic, I have made many references to it, with the view of en 
 abling the profession to obtain many more illustrations of the doc 
 trines than my own brief text would suggest, and also fully to 
 appreciate his learned labours." 
 
 Restoration and Repairs of the Temple Church, 1843, 
 Svo. The Choral Service of the Anglo-Catholic Church. 
 1844, Svo. 
 
 Burges. The Pope's Deadly Wound. 
 
 Surges, Francis. Some Observations on the Use 
 and Original of the Noble Art and Mystery of Printing, 
 Norwich, 1701, 8vo. This is often called the first book 
 printed at Norwich ; but this is an error. 
 
 Burges, G. H. Plato ; Four Dialogues : Crito, Greater 
 Hippias, Second Alcibiades, and Sisyphus ; with English 
 Notes, original and selected. In this edition, Bekker's 
 Text is adopted, and the whole of Heindorf s Notes are 
 translated. 
 
 " It is owing to the erudition and research of the editor that 
 these dialogues may now be pronounced no longer a sealed book, 
 which none but great scholars could ever hope even imperfectly 
 to understand." New Monthly Mag. 
 
 Burges, George. Remarks on Mr. Wakefield's In 
 quiry relative to Public Worship, Lon., 1792, Svo. A Let 
 ter to Thomas Paine, 1794, Svo. Euripides Troades, 
 1807, Svo. Euripides Phoenissse ; Cum Notulis, 1810, Svo. 
 Other works. 
 
 Burges, James. Inoculation, 2d ed., 1754, Lon., Svo. 
 
 Burges, Sir James Bland. Heroic Epistle from 
 Sergeant Bradshaw, in the Shades, to John Dunning, Esq., 
 1788. Law of Insolvency, 1783, Svo. Alfred's Letters, 
 1792, Svo. The Birth and Triumph of Love; a Poem, 
 1796, 4to. Richard the First, an Epic Poem, 1801, 2 vols. 
 Svo. Riches, a Play, 1810, Svo. Reasons in favour of a 
 new trans, of the Holy Scriptures, Lon., 1819, 8vo. 
 
 " This work, though designed as a defence of Mr. Bellamy's 
 strange performance, in reply to the Quarterly Review of that 
 work, is worth consulting, though the reader will not be likely to 
 adopt all the learned Baronet's reasons or reasonings, in their sup 
 port," ORME: Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Sir James pub. some other works. 
 
 Burges, Samuel. Ordination sermon, 1707, Svo. 
 
 Burgess, Mrs. The Oaks, or the Beauties of Can 
 terbury; a Comedjj, 1780, Svo. 
 
 Burgess, or Burges, Anthony, a Nonconformist 
 clergyman, was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, 
 and afterwards became a Fellow of Emmanuel College. In 
 1635 he obtained the living of Sutton-Colfield, Warwick 
 shire, but submitted to ejectment after the Restoration. 
 Vindicise Legis, Lon., 1546, 4to. 155 Sermons on the 17th 
 Chapter of St. John, Lon., 1646, '56, '61, fol. 
 
 "Full of sound doctrine, methodically arranged, and closely ap 
 plied in very plain language." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 " Spiritual and experimental." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 The True Doctrine of Justification asserted and vindi 
 cated, 1648, 4to. Treatise on Justification, 1654, 4to. 
 
 " This work is a great favourite with those who hold the doctrine 
 of Christ's imputed righteousness." LOWNDES. 
 
 Commentaries on the 1st and 2d Corinthians, 1661, 
 2 vols. fol. 
 
 "This deserves the same character as his work on John." 
 DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 Other theological works. Bishop Hacket used to say that 
 Burgess was fit for a Professor's Chair in the University. 
 
 " A pious, learned, and able scholar, a good disputant, an emi 
 nent preacher, and a sound and orthodox divine." DR. JOHN WAL- 
 LIS, a pupil of Burgess. 
 
 Burgess, or Burges, Cornelius, D.D., a Noncon 
 formist divine, d. 1665, was entered at Oxford in 1611. 
 On taking holy orders he obtained the rectory of St. Mag 
 nus, London -bridge, and in 1618 he was presented to the 
 living of Watford in Hertfordshire. He was chaplain in 
 ordinary to Charles I., and a zealous friend to the Church 
 in the earlier part of his life, but, as Wood alleges, from 
 disappointment, he afterwards sided with the Parliamen 
 tary party, and after the murder of the king shared 
 largely in the spoils j purchasing Church lands, and writ 
 ing a book to justify such speculations, entitled No Sacri 
 lege nor Sinne to Aliene or Purchase the Lands of Bishops, 
 or others, whose Offices are Abolished, 2d edit, Lon., 1659, 
 Svo, (3d edit., abbreviated, 1660, 4to.) 
 
 " This second impression, as I apprehended, was wrote upon a 
 
BUR 
 
 BUR 
 
 prosp* t of the King's coming in, and danger of losing all ; for it 
 is wro* e in a very mortified style." COLE. 
 
 The king did "come in/' and Burgess's speculations 
 proved rather unprofitable : 
 
 " Ht> was bid for his purchase, not long before the King's return, 
 about 20,000, but refus'd it. And the King unexpectedly (to him) 
 returning in the year 1660, and bishops and deans being restored, 
 he lost all his purchas'd lands, and became so poor (ingens justitiae 
 divinse documentum) that he had not bread to eat, as it appears 
 in his own letter to Sir llichard Browne." Da. BARLOW, in Athen. 
 Oxon. 
 
 He pub. several other theological tracts, among them, 
 Baptismal Regeneration of Elect Infants, Oxf., 1629, 4to. 
 
 " An unsatisfactory work." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Burgess, Daniel, 1645-1712, a Dissenting divine, 
 was entered at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, in 1660. In 1667 
 the Earl of Orrery appointed him master of a school at 
 Charleville, Ireland. In 1685 he took charge of a congre 
 gation in Brydges Street, Covent Garden, London, after 
 wards in Carey Street. Sermon on Eccles. xii. 1, Lon., 
 1660, fol. IS Directions for saving Conversion to God, 
 1691, 8vo. Causa Dei; or, Counsel to the Rich, Lon., 
 1697, 8vo. The Golden Snuffers, a sermon on Exod. 
 xxxvii. 23, 1697. Other theolog. treatises. Burgess was 
 celebrated for a random wit which sometimes forgot the 
 propriety of times and seasons and startled the pulpit 
 with unseemly levity. Yet he had many occasional hearers 
 from the theatre in his vicinity, and his lively zeal for 
 souls made him ready to "become all things to all men." 
 Perhaps the most unsatisfactory and reckless of the pupils 
 upon whom his admonitions were thrown away was HENRY 
 ST. JOHN, (afterwards) LORD BOLINGBROKE, to whom Bur 
 gess was for some time tutor. 
 
 Burgess, Daniel. A Short Account of the Roman 
 Senate, Lon., 1729, 4to. 
 
 Burgess, George, D.D., Bishop of the P. Episcopal 
 Church in the State of Maine, was born Oct. 31, 1809, at 
 Providence, Rhode Island; was educated at Brown Uni 
 versity, (where he was for some time a tutor,) and studied 
 at the Universities of Gottingen, Bonn, and Berlin : Rec 
 tor of Christ Church, Hartford, 1834-1847; consecrated 
 Bishop of Maine, Oct. 31, 1847, and became, at the same 
 time, Rector of Christ Church, Gardiner. He has pub. 
 several sermons and two academic poems. The Book of 
 Psalms in English Verse, N.Y., 12mo. Pages from the 
 Ecclesiastical History of New England, 12ino. The Last 
 Enemy Conquering and Conquered, Phila., 1850, 12mo. 
 Sermons on the Christian Life, 1854, 12mo. 
 
 "Remarkable for comprehension of thought, beauty and sim 
 plicity of style, and for the profit and interest with which they 
 are read." 
 
 Burgess, Rev. Henry, LL.D. Amateur Gardener's 
 Year-Book, Lon., 1857, 8vo. 
 
 " This is, beyond compare, the best book of its class that has 
 come under our notice. It is really popular." Lon. Critic. 
 
 Burgess, J. Beelzebub Driven and Drowning his 
 Hogs; a sermon on Mark v. 12, 13, 1670, 8vo. 
 
 Burgess, John. The Lawfulness of Kneeling in re 
 ceiving the Lord's Supper, Lon., 1631, 4to. Contains an 
 answer to a Reply to Dr. Morton's Defence of those nocent 
 Ceremonies. 
 
 Burgess, John Cart. Flower Painting, Lon., 1811. 
 Useful Hints on Drawing and Painting, 1818, etc. 
 
 Burgess, Richard. Topography and Antiquities of 
 Rome, 1831, 2 vols. Svo. Greece and the Levant, or Diary 
 of a Summer's Excursion in 1834, '35, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 "These little volumes are valuable as guides for tourists, and 
 pleasingly describe the most interesting portions of Greece, Tur 
 key, and Western Asia." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 Lectures on the Insufficiency of Unrevealed Religion, 
 and on the succeeding Influence of Christianity, 1839, 8vo. 
 
 " Considerable interest attaches to these Lectures from the fact 
 that they were delivered to a Protestant congregation within the 
 confines of the Vatican ; and the preface contains an account as 
 important as it is delightful, of the origin and progress of this 
 church. The Lectures themselves are a valuable addition to the 
 various treatises on the evidences of revealed religion." Lon. 
 Christian Remembrancer. 
 
 The Circus, and Circensian Games, p. Svo. 
 
 Burgess, Richard. Observations on an Appeal to 
 members of the Society for P. C. K., Lon., 1844, 8vo. 
 
 Burgess, Thomas, D.D., 1756-1837, a native of 
 Odiham, Hampshire, educated at Winchester School, and 
 at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he obtained a 
 scholarship in 1775, and a fellowship in 1783. He became 
 Bishop of St. David's in 1803, translated to Salisbury in 
 L825. He was distinguished for industry as an author, 
 and zeal in the discharge of ministerial duties. Whilst 
 chaplain to Dr. Shute Barrington, his predecessor in the 
 bishopric of Salisbury, he laboured assiduously in the pro 
 motion of that Christian charity next to the ministry 
 
 the most powerful instrumentality for the subversion of 
 error and establishment of truth the SUNDAY-SCHOOL 
 system. The bishop was a very voluminous writer ; his 
 biographer, J. S. Harford, enumerates nearly 100 publica 
 tions of his. To this biography, 2d edit., pub. Lon., 1841, 
 12mo, we refer the reader. We notice a few of his works: 
 Burton's Pentalogia, with an Appendix, and a few expla 
 natory Notes, 1780, 2 vols. Svo. Dawes's Miscellanea 
 Critica Iterum edita, 1781, Svo ; reprinted at Leipsic, 1800. 
 An Essay on the Study of Antiquities, 2d edit., Oxf., 1782, 
 Svo. Considerations on the Abolition of Slavery, 1789, 
 Svo : recommending gradual emancipation. The Divinity 
 of Christ proved from his own Assertions, &c. ; a sermon, 
 1790, 4to; of this doctrine the bishop was a zealous de 
 fender. He pub., 1814-20, a number of tracts on the 
 Trinity, <fec., which were collected into one volume in 
 1820 ; and in 1822 and 1824 he pub. Annotations Millii, 
 <fec., and a selection of Tracts and Observations on John 
 v. 7, and wrote some treatises upon this question. The 
 zeal of the bishop whilst espousing the genuineness of 
 this verse drew him into a controversy with Professor 
 Turton, who defended Person against a charge made by 
 the prelate. Elementary Evidences of the Truth of Chris 
 tianity, in a series of Easter Catechisms. This valuable 
 work has been. frequently reprinted. Reasons why a new 
 Translation of the Bible should not be published, 1816, 
 Svo. Initia Paulina, 1804, 12mo. 
 
 " Some of the most valuable illustrations of the style of St. 
 Paul's Epistles, that can be offered to the attention of the student." 
 British Critic. 
 
 " This small work is adapted to aid the critical student of Paul's 
 Epis ties." ORME. 
 
 His Hebrew Elements, 1807, and Hebrew Primer, 1808, 
 are valuable assistants to the student. A Letter to the 
 Clergy of St. David's, 1825, Svo. Christian Theocracy, 
 <fcc., 1835, 12mo. In addition to the Life by Harford, con 
 sult Home's Introduction for notice of some of the writ 
 ings of this learned and useful prelate. 
 
 " He resembled an ancient father of the church in simplicity 
 and holiness, and was distinguished alike for extensive learning 
 and unwearied industry, and the unruffled calm of a meditative 
 mind." DR. PEARSON. 
 
 " Bishop Burgess deserves well of the Christian public for the 
 varied encouragements which he has presented to the cultivation 
 of Biblical literature." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Burgess, Tristam. The Battle of Lake Erie, with 
 notice of Commodore Elliott's Conduct in that engage 
 ment, 1839, 12mo. Speeches, Ac. 
 
 Burgess, Wm. Funeral Sermon, Colches., 1831, Svo. 
 
 Burgesse, John. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1709, '28. 
 
 Burgh, A. or R. 1. Sacred History. 2. Music, 4 
 vols., 1805, '14. 
 
 Burgh, or Burghe, Benedict. Cato trans, into 
 English, 1480, fol., by Caxton. 
 
 "Burghe's performance is too jejune for transcription ; and, I 
 suspect, would not have afforded a single splendid extract, had 
 even the Latin possessed any sparks of poetry." Warton's Eng. 
 Poetry. 
 
 Burgh, James, 1714-1775, a native of Madderty, 
 Perthshire, Scotland, was a cousin, by the mother's side, of 
 Robertson the historian. He was educated at the Univer 
 sity of St. Andrew's, and on leaving college commenced 
 business in the linen trade, in which he lost all of his pro 
 perty. Returning to London, he became corrector of the 
 press in Bowyer's printing office, which he left in 1746 for 
 the purpose of becoming assistant in a grammar school at 
 Marlow, in Buckinghamshire. In 1747 he established a 
 school at Stoke Newington, (removed to Newington-Green 
 in 1750,) Middlesex, which was very successful. He la 
 boured in this useful occupation until 1771, when he re 
 tired, and settled at Islington, where he resided until his 
 death. Britain's Remembrancer, Lon., 1745 ; 5 edits, in 
 about 2 years, and reprinted in Scotland, Ireland, and 
 America. Thoughts on Education, 1747. A Hymn to the 
 Creator of the World, Ac. ; 2d edit., 1750, Svo. A Warn 
 ing to Dram Drinkers, 1751, 12mo. Had this warning 
 been effectual in his own day and succeeding times, what 
 an amount of poverty, misery, crime, and moral and spi 
 ritual death had been prevented ! The Free Inquirer, pub. 
 in The General Evening Post, 1753, 4to. Dignity of Hu 
 man Nature, 1754, 4to. The Art of Speaking, 1762, Svo. 
 An Account of the Cessares; a people of S. America, 
 1764, Svo. Crito ; or Essays on Various Subjects, 1766, 
 77, 3 vols. 12mo. The Constitutionalist; pub. in The 
 Gazetteer, 1770. Political Disquisitions, 1774, 75, 3 vols. 
 Svo. This work is on a very comprehensive plan. The 
 author intended to carry it further, had he lived. The 
 Colonist's Advocate in The Gazetteer ; afterwards pub. by 
 a bookseller under the title of Youth's Friendly Monitor. 
 
 " He was a man of great piety, integrity, and benevolence. He 
 
BUR 
 
 had a warmth of heart which engaged him to enter ardently into 
 the prosecution of any valuable design, and his temper was com 
 municative and cheerful." 
 
 See Biog. Brit. ; Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes. 
 
 Burgh, Sydenham. Sermon, 1723, 8vo. 
 
 Burgh, Thomas. Right-lined Figures, Dub.,1724,4to. 
 
 Burgh, William, LL.D., M.P., 1741-1808, a native 
 of Ireland. Scriptural Confutations of the Arguments 
 produced by Mr. Thsop. Lindsay against the One Godhead 
 of Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, Lon., 1773, and An In 
 quiry, <fec., being a sequel to the above work, 1778, 8vo. 
 
 " A masterly work, highly commended by Bishop Hurd, Mr. 
 Toplady, and other clergymen." LOWNDES. 
 
 For this work the University of Oxford awarded to the 
 author the honour of a doctor's degree. 
 
 Burgh, William, of Trinity College, Dublin. Ex- 
 
 ?osition of the Book of Revelation ; 3d. edit., Dubl., 1834, 
 2mo. 
 
 " An attempt to set aside all preceding expositions of this book 
 on very unsatisfactory and insufficient grounds ; yet with practi 
 cal and useful remarks." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Six Discourses on the Nature and Influence of Faith, 
 Dubl., 1835, sm. 8vo. 
 
 " This work is perfectly sound upon the essential points of 
 Christianity, but it is often peculiar in its mode of stating them, 
 and states new views upon minor points." Presbyt. Review. 
 
 Lectures on the Second Advent of Christ, and Connected 
 Events, Ac. ; 2d edit, enlarged, Dubl., 1835, 12mo. 
 
 See a review of this work in the Dublin Christian Ex 
 aminer. 
 
 " This was answered by Mr. Cunninghame (with too much 
 sharpness, but ably) in his Church of Rome, the Apostasy." 
 BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Other theological works. 
 
 Burghley, Lord. See CECIL, SIR WILLIAM. 
 
 Burghope, George. Sermons, <fcc., 1695, '97, 1704. 
 
 Burghope, M. Sermon, 1701, 4to. 
 
 Burgon, John William. Petra, a Poem, Lon., 2d 
 ed., 1846, p. 8vo. Life, Times, and Contemporaries of Sir 
 Thomas Gresham, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " These are two magnificent volumes in regard to size, illustra 
 tion, and typography. Nor are their literary contents unworthy 
 their external splendour, or the fame of the distinguished mer 
 chant to whose biography they are devoted." United Service Mag. 
 
 Burgoyne, John, Lieut. General, M.P., d. 1792, was 
 engaged in military service in several parts of the world, 
 and obtained considerable distinction as an author. He 
 married the daughter of the Earl of Derby. Letter to his 
 Constituents upon his late Resignation, 1779, 8vo. Sub 
 stance of his Speeches upon M. Vyner's Motion, 1778, 8vo. 
 State of the Expedition from Canada, 1780, 8vo. The 
 Lord of the Manor; Comic Opera, 1781, 8vo. This piece 
 contains the beautiful lines commencing 
 
 " Encompassed in an Angel's Frame." 
 
 The Heiress ; a Comedy, 1786, 8vo. 
 
 Every reader of the Heiress will mark the striking parallel- 
 Isms between many passages in it and the School for Scandal." 
 
 He contributed The Westminster Guide to the celebrated 
 Probationary Odes. His Dramatic and Poetical Works, 
 with Memoir of the Author, appeared in 1808, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 "The various offerings to the Muses, which were presented by 
 an accomplished gentleman and a brave and skilful officer." 
 Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Burgoyne, Montagu. Polit. Letters and Speeches, 
 1807, '10, '11. 
 
 Burhill, or Burghill, Robert, 1572-1641, a native 
 of Dymock, Gloucestershire, was admitted at 15 scholar 
 of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and probationer Fellow 
 in 1584. He was presented to the living of Northwold in 
 Norfolk, and was made Canon residentiary of Hereford. 
 Invitatorius panegyricus, ad Regem Optimum de Eliza 
 bethan nuper Reginse posteriore ad Oxoniam Adventu, fec., 
 Oxon., 1603, 4to. De Potestate Regia et Usurpatione Pa- 
 pah, Ac., Oxon., 1613, 8vo. Other works, for a notice of 
 which see Athen. Oxon. Burhill rendered valuable assist 
 ance to Sir Walter Raleigh when he was composing his 
 
 .istory of the World, in "criticisms and the reading of 
 Hebrew auth "." Wood gives him a high cha- 
 
 * reat readin <? an profound judgment, 
 lH H ti, T/^ her8 * and schooln >en, right learned and 
 well grounded in the Hebrew tongue, an exact disputant and in 
 his younger years a noted Latin poet." Athen Oxtm 
 
 Burk, or Burke, John. The History of Virginia, 
 from its first Settlement to the Present Time ; commenced 
 by John Burk, and continued by Shelton Jones, and Louis 
 Rue Girardin, 1804-16 : seldom found complete, as almost 
 all the copies of vol. iv., by Girardin, pub. in 1816, were 
 Incidentally destroyed. Perhaps 20 or 30 copies of vol. 
 iv. may be in existence. 
 Burke, Mrs. Ela; a Tale, 1787, 12mo. The Sor- 
 
 BUR 
 
 rows of Edith, 1796, 2 vols. 12mo. Adela Nerthington, 
 1796, 3 vols. 12mo. The Secret of the Cavern, 1805, 2 
 vols. 12mo. Elliott, or Vicissitudes of Early Life, 1800, 
 2 vols. 12mo. The ungallant Monthly Reviewers notice 
 this work in the following not very complimentary 
 style : 
 
 "To those who can receive pleasure from the mere narration of 
 successive events, without requiring any accordancy with nature 
 and probability; and who can read the tale of thwarted love and 
 suffering virtue without regarding poverty of diction or faults of 
 style; the history of Elliott may prove an interesting production." 
 Lon. Monthly Review, 1801. 
 
 Burke, Aedanus, d. 1802, aged 59, a native of Gal- 
 way, Ireland, emigrated to America, where he became a 
 Judge in South Carolina, and a member of Congress. Ad 
 dress to the Freemen of South Carolina, by Cassius, 1783. 
 Considerations upon the Order of Cincinnati, 1783. 
 
 Burke, Sir Bernard, Ulster King-of-Arms. See 
 BURKE, JOHN. 
 
 Burke, B. W. A Compendium of the Anatomy, Phy 
 siology, and Pathology of the Horse, 1806, 12mo. 
 
 Burke, E. P. An Historical Essay on the Laws and 
 Government of Rome, designed as an Introduction to the 
 Study of the Civil Law; 2d edit, Cambridge, 1830, 8vo. 
 
 " The best historical view of the Roman Constitution that has yet 
 appeared from the hands of any English civilian or historian, and ex 
 ceeded by few, if any, of the continental essays on the same subject." 
 
 Burke, Edmund, 1728-1797, one of the greatest of 
 the sons of men, was a native of Dublin. Mr. Prior agrees 
 with other authorities in assigning January 1, 1730, as the 
 date of his birth, but we adopt the decision recorded in the 
 last edition of his works, (Lon., 1852, 8 vols. r. 8vo,) al 
 though his sister Juliana was baptized in this year. The 
 family is descended from the Norman Burghs, or De Burghs, 
 (of which Burke or Bourke for it is even now spelt both 
 ways is a corruption,) who emigrated to Ireland under 
 Strongbow, temp. Henry II. His father, Richard Burke, 
 was an attorney, first in Limerick, and afterwards in Dub 
 lin. About 1725 he married Miss Mary Nagle, of the an 
 cient family of that name, still existing near Castletown 
 Roche, county of Cork. Of their fourteen or fifteen chil 
 dren, all died young except Garret, Edmund, Richard, and 
 Juliana. In 1741 the three brothers were placed at a school 
 at Ballitore, conducted by an excellent master named Abra 
 ham Shackleton, a Quaker. With this gentleman and his 
 son Richard, his successor, Burke kept up the most friendly 
 relations until the death of the son in 1792. As a boy, 
 Edmund was distinguished for that devoted application to 
 the acquisition of knowledge, and remarkable powers of 
 comprehension and retention, which accompanied him 
 through life. "When we were at play," remarked his 
 brother Richard, "he was always at work." In 1744 he 
 entered Trinity College, Dublin, as a pensioner. In 1746 
 he was elected a scholar of the house; commenced A.B., 
 Feb. 23, 1747-48, and proceeded A.M., 1751. Goldsmith, 
 who was his fellow-student, tells us that he was not distin 
 guished for any remarkable superiority of talents ; but the 
 truth seems to be that he was zealously employed in laying 
 in those stores of useful rather than brilliant knowledge, 
 which afterwards proved of such service to him in the prac 
 tical business of life. Yet he did not scorn the blandish 
 ments of the muse ; for he composed very creditable poetry, 
 and studied with delight the poems of Shakspeare, Spenser, 
 Milton, and Young. Having determined to adopt the Law 
 as his profession, he was entered of the Middle Temple, 
 April 23, 1747, and early in 1750 arrived in London to keep 
 the customary terms previous to being called to the Bar. 
 He changed his views, however, for at the expiration of the 
 usual time he was not called. In 1752 or 1753 he offered 
 himself as candidate for the Professorship of Logic in the 
 University of Glasgow, but, fortunately for the world and 
 his future fame, was unsuccessful. It is said, indeed, that 
 he withdrew his application when informed that arrange 
 ments had already been made by those interested which 
 precluded any hope of his election. Mr. James Clow was 
 elected to the vacant chair. Having much leisure upon 
 his hands, Burke devoted it to assiduous study, occasionally 
 amusing himself by original compositions. Some of his 
 pieces were published, but it is impossible at this time to 
 know what they were. One of the first, Arthur Murphy 
 believed to be a poem, or poetical translation from the La 
 tin. His first avowed publication, the Vindication of Natu 
 ral Society, by a late Noble Writer, which appeared in the 
 spring of 1756, 8vo, pp. 166, was a most successful imita 
 tion of the style, language, and thought of Lord Boling- 
 broke. The object was a most praiseworthy one. His 
 lordship's philosophical (infidel) works had appeared in 
 1754, pub. by David Mallet, and exiited much attention. 
 
BUR 
 
 Burke laboured to show that if the abuses of, or evils some 
 times connected with, religion, invalidate its authenticity, 
 authority, or usefulness, then every institution, however 
 beneficial, must be abandoned. 
 
 " His object was to expose his lordship's mode of reasoning, hy 
 running it out into its legit imate consequences. He therefore ap 
 plied it to civil society. He undertook, in the person of Boling 
 broke, and with the closest imitation of his impetuous and over 
 bearing eloquence, to expose the crimes and wretchedness which 
 have prevailed under every form of government, and thus to show 
 that society is itself an evil, and the savage state the only one fa 
 vourable to virtue and happiness. In this pamphlet he gave the 
 most perfect specimen which the world has ever seen of the art of 
 imitating the style and manner of another. He went beyond the 
 mere choice of words, the structure of sentences, and the cast of 
 imagery into the deepest recesses of thought; and so completely 
 had he imbued himself with the spirit of Bolingbroke, that he 
 brought out precisely what every one sees his lordship ought to 
 have said on his own principles, and might be expected to say, if 
 he dared to express his sentiments." 
 
 The merit of this production was the better appreciated 
 from the current opinion of literary men that Bolingbroke's 
 style was "not only the best of that time, but in itself 
 wholly inimitable." The critics were completely deceived : 
 
 " Almost everybody received it as a posthumous work of Lord 
 Bolingbroke ; and so far from being looked upon as one of the hasty 
 sketches of his youth, or the gleanings of old age, it was praised 
 up to the standard of his best writings. The critics knew the turn 
 of his periods, his style, his phrases, and above all, the matchless 
 dexterity of his metaphysical pen. Charles Mackliu, with the 
 pamphlet in his hand, used frequently to exclaim at the Grecian 
 Coffee-house, (where he gave a kind of literary law to the young 
 Templars at that time,) 'Sir, this must be Harry Bolingbroke ; I 
 know him by his cloven foot!' The Earl of Chesterfield, who had 
 been an intimate friend of Bolingbroke, and was a copyist of his 
 style, acknowledged that he was for some time deceived in this 
 point ; and Bishop Warburton an abler man than either of then- 
 lordships exclaimed in his usual rough style ' You see, sir, the 
 fellow's principles; they now come out in a full blaze.'" 
 
 We need not be surprised at this when we remember 
 that to use the language of Mr. Prior 
 
 " The imitation indeed was so perfect as to constitute identity, 
 rather than resemblance. It was not merely the language, style, 
 and general eloquence of the original which had been caught; but 
 the whole mind of the peer, his train of thought, the power to enter 
 into his conception, seemed to be transferred into the pen of his 
 imitator, with a fidelity and ' grace beyond the reach of art.'" 
 
 A celebrated critic, alluding to the successful, imitation 
 of all of the noble writer's characteristics, remarks : 
 
 " In Burke's imitation of Bolingbroke (the most perfect specimen 
 perhaps that ever will exist of the art in question) we have all the 
 qualities which distinguish the style, or, we may indeed say. the 
 genius, of that noble writer, concentrated and brought before us." 
 
 This pamphlet was reprinted in 1765, with a preface by 
 the author, in which he modestly remarks : 
 
 " If some inaccuracies in calculation, in reasoning, or in method, 
 be found, perhaps these will not be looked upon as faults by the 
 admirers of Lord Bolingbroke ; who will, the editor is afraid, ob 
 serve much more of his lordship's character in such particulars of 
 the following letter, than they are likely to find of that rapid tor 
 rent of an impetuous and overbearing eloquence, and the variety 
 of rich imagery, for which that writer is justly admired." 
 
 A few months afterwards, in the same year, appeared A 
 Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the 
 Sublime and Beautiful, Svo ; pub. by Dodsley. This Essay 
 was received with great applause. 
 
 " Of this celebrated work, so long before the public, which now 
 forms a text-book in liberal education, and one of reference in our 
 universities, little more need be said, than that it is perfectly orf- 
 ginal in the execution and design. Longinus, indeed, had written 
 on the sublime, and Addison partially on grandeur and beauty, 
 but neither of them profoundly nor distinctly: they exemplify 
 and illustrate rather than analyze, or dive to the sources of those 
 impressions on the mind; and they even confound the sublime 
 with the beautiful, on many occasions. But Mr. Burke's book 
 marks the line between them so distinctly, as that they cannot be 
 mistaken; he investigates the constituents and appearances of 
 each scientifically, and illustrates his views with great happiness." 
 PRIOR. 
 
 "We have an example of true criticism in Burke's Essay on the 
 Sublime and Beautiful." DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 " Though we think the author mistaken in many of his funda 
 mental principles, and also in his deductions from them, yet we 
 must say we have read his book with pleasure. He has certainly 
 employed much thinking : there are many ingenious and elegant 
 remarks, which, though they do not enforce or improve his first 
 position, yet, considering them detached from his system, they are 
 new and just. And we cannot dismiss this article without recom 
 mending a perusal of the book to all our readers, as we think they 
 will be recompensed by a great deal of sentiment, a perspicuous, 
 elegant, and harmonious style, in many passages both sublime and 
 beautiful." ARTHUR MURPHY. 
 
 Lord Jeffrey entirely dissents from the theory pro 
 pounded by Mr. Burke : 
 
 " His explanation is founded upon a species of materialism, 
 not much to have been expected from the general character of his 
 genius, or the strain of his other speculations, for it resolves en 
 tirely into this, that all objects appear beautiful which have the 
 power of producing a peculiar relaxation of our nerves and fibres, 
 and thus inducing a certain degree of bodily languor and sinking. 
 Of all the suppositions that have been at any time hazarded to 
 explain the phenomena of beauty, this, we think, is the most un- 
 
 BUR 
 
 fortunate, and the most weakly supported. There is no philosophy 
 in the doctrine ; and the fundamental assumption is in every way 
 contradicted by the most familiar experience. There is no relax 
 ation of the fibres in the perception of beauty, and there is no 
 pleasure in the relaxation of the fibres. If there were, it would 
 follow that a warm bath would be by far the most beautiful thing 
 in the world, and that the brilliant lights and bracing airs of a 
 fine autumn morning would be the very reverse of beautiful. Ac 
 cordingly, though the treatise alluded to will always be valuable 
 on account of the many fine and just remarks it contains, we are 
 not aware that there is any accurate inquirer into the subject, 
 (with the exception perhaps of Mr. Price, in whose hands, however, 
 the doctrine assumes a new character,) by whom the fundamental 
 principles of the theory has not been explicitly abandoned." 
 Article " Beauty" in Encyc. Brit.; Jeffrey's Miscellanies. 
 
 Whatever may be thought of the correctness of Mr. 
 Burke's theory, the practical value of his treatise to him 
 self is not to be disputed, for it at once secured him the 
 acquaintance of Sir Joshua Reynolds, Dr. Samuel Johnson, 
 and other literary celebrities, wlrose congenial friendship 
 formed no small portion of the happiness of his future life. 
 In June, 1758, appeared the first number of the Annual 
 Register, which, with the usual longevity attaching to 
 successful English periodicals, is published to the present 
 day. This review of the civil, political, and literary trans 
 actions of the times, is said to have been suggested to 
 Dodsley, the publisher, by Burke. He conducted it for 
 many years, and when no longer holding the pen himself, 
 directed that of Mr. Ireland, his substitute. 
 
 Professor Smyth, in his lectures upon the American 
 War, (one of the exciting topics which came under the 
 notice of this periodical,) after recommending a number 
 of publications of the day, remarks : 
 
 " They who are not at leisure to examine these books and pam 
 phlets, will find the volumes of the Annual Register an excellent 
 substitute for them all. They contain, in the most concise form, 
 the most able, impartial, and authentic history of the dispute 
 which can be found. The account is understood to have been 
 drawn up by Burke, and if so, (and there is no doubt of it,) the 
 arguments on each side are displayed with an impartiality which 
 is quite admirable." Lectures on Modern History. 
 
 The health of the young author requiring relaxation, and 
 the care of a judicious adviser ; his friend and countryman, 
 Dr. Christopher Nugent, an excellent physician, invited 
 him to take up his residence in his own hospitable man 
 sion, that he might be the better able to study his case, 
 and administer to his medical wants. The good doctor 
 had a lovely and most amiable daughter; the rest may 
 be readily imagined : the patient ventured to prescribe 
 for himself the disease having reached the heart, and re 
 quiring prompt measures and in 1757 Miss Jane Mary 
 Nugent became Mrs. Edmund Burke. The eulogy of this 
 estimable woman may be written in one sentence of her 
 husband's ; he declared that amid all the trials, the con 
 flicts, and the disappointments of political life, "every 
 care vanished the moment he entered under his own roof." 
 She who can thus convert her husband's " castle" into a 
 palace of pleasure and "bower of delights," finds her 
 priceless reward where she seeks it, in the affection of her 
 husband j and in the present case, what higher honour 
 could be coveted and acquired which could add aught of 
 dignity to the proud title of the wife of Edmund Burke ! 
 Two sons were the result of this happy union ; Richard, 
 who died unmarried in 1794, and Christopher, who was 
 called away whilst yet an infant. It may be proper to 
 mention here, that the present lineal representative of Mr. 
 Burke's branch of his family is Thomas Haviland Burke, 
 Esq., of Lincoln's Inn, grand-nephew to Edmund Burke, 
 and son of Lieut. Col. Thomas Haviland, by Mary French, 
 daughter of Juliana Burke. In April, 1757, was published 
 by Dodsley, An Account of the European Settlements in 
 America, 2 vols. Svo. Notwithstanding the many doubts 
 expressed as to the authority of this work, we have no 
 hesitation in ascribing it chiefly, if not wholly, to our 
 author. Whilst it is admitted that the receipt for the 
 copyright in his handwriting does not conclusively settle 
 the question, yet the internal evidence of style is too 
 strong to be easily resisted. That William and Richard 
 Burke may have contributed to its pages is not improbable. 
 
 Dugald Stewart commends it as a masterly sketch, and 
 Abbe" Raynal has proved his admiration by the free use 
 which he has made of it in his history of The Revolution 
 of America, 1780. 
 
 "It is, in many parts, masterly; the reflections just, and often 
 original, but paraded, perhaps, too formally and frequently before 
 the reader, so as sometimes to interfere with the facts, or almost to 
 supersede them. The style is what may be termed ambitious ; 
 aiming at depth, terseness, and brevity, yet too frequently be 
 traying the effort." PRIOR. 
 
 "And now I must allude, in a few words, to a celebrated and 
 somewhat singular work, of which the title is, ' An Account of the 
 Europeap Settlements in America.' I would recommend the pe 
 rusal of this work before the details I have proposed [the perusal 
 
BUR 
 
 of the Histories of Robertson, Raynal, and Marshall] have been 
 gone through; that is, I would recommend the perusal of it twice. 
 It may be a map of the subject in the first instance, and a sum 
 mary in the second." Prof. Smyth's Lectures on Mfdern History. 
 
 The Essay towards an Abridgment of the English His 
 tory, was pub. by Dodsley in 1757. Only eight sheets 
 were issued, as the author abandoned the design, probably 
 from hearing that Hume had taken the same subject in 
 hand. Burke's Abridgment possesses no little merit, and 
 it is deeply to be lamented that he did not pursue his in 
 tended plan. 
 
 " It displays a spirit of close research into the earlier history of 
 our island, not exceeded, perhaps not equalled, by works of much 
 greater pretensions, and with more antiquarian knowledge than 
 could possibly be expected. . . . The style differs from that of the 
 ' European Settlements' in aiming at less of point and effect, but 
 possesses simplicity and perspicuity. On the whole, it is, perhaps, 
 the best abstract of that remote period we possess, without any 
 admixture of the fabulous stories so common to the age; and to 
 youth it will be found particularly instructive." PRIOR. 
 
 In 1759 the Earl of Charlemont introduced Burke to 
 William Gerard Hamilton, more familiarly styled Single- 
 Speech Hamilton, 
 
 " Who after a few able efforts in the House of Commons, gained 
 more celebrity by afterwards keeping his tongue still, than many 
 others by the most determined volubility." 
 
 In 1761 Hamilton accompanied Lord Halifax (appointed 
 Lord-Lieutenant) to Ireland, and took Burke with him as 
 his private secretary. Mr. Hamilton held the high official 
 position of a Lord of Trade, and had diligently laboured 
 to acquire that knowledge of the philosophy of commerce 
 and principles of agriculture, which alone could render 
 the discharge of his duties honourable to himself and use 
 ful to others. But a few conversations with his young 
 secretary convinced him that, in future conferences, the 
 master must consent to be scholar, rather than aspire to 
 the post of instructor. The following remarks, extracted 
 from the preface to the Thoughts and Details on Scarcity, 
 presented by Mr. Burke to the Rt. Hon. William Pitt, are 
 not without interest in this connection : 
 
 " Agriculture, and the commerce connected with and dependent 
 upon it, form one of the most considerable branches of political 
 economy ; and as such, Mr. Burke diligently studied them. In 
 deed, when he began to qualify himself for the exalted rank which 
 he afterwards held among statesmen, he laid a broad and deep 
 foundation: and to an accurate research into the constitution, 
 the laws, the civil and military history of these kingdoms, he 
 joined an enlightened acquaintance with the whole circle of our 
 commercial system. On his first introduction, when a young 
 man, to the late Mr. Gerard Hamilton, who was then a Lord of 
 Trade, the latter ingenuously confessed to a friend still living, 
 how sensibly he felt his own inferiority, much as he had endea 
 voured to inform himself, and aided as he was by official docu 
 ments inaccessible to any private person. He was also consulted, 
 and the greatest deference was paid to his opinions, by Dr. Adam 
 Smith, in the progress of the celebrated work on the Wealth of 
 Nations." 
 
 In this station, his first public employment, Burke proved 
 very serviceable, and in 1763 was rewarded with a pension 
 of 300 per annum on the Irish list. This pension he 
 voluntarily relinquished in 1764, on the occasion of a dis 
 agreement with Hamilton, the particulars of which are 
 well known. In 1765 occurred' an event which decided 
 the future course of Burke's life, and introduced him to 
 that seat in the national councils from which he so long 
 instructed his countrymen by his wisdom, and astonished 
 the world by the brilliancy of his genius. Mr. Fitzherbert 
 recommended him to the Marquis of Rockingham, the 
 leader of the Whigs in power, as a fit person for his pri 
 vate secretary, and his lordship appointed him to the post 
 one week after he himself had been called to the head of 
 the treasury. A cordial friendship sprung up between the 
 marquis and his secretary, which continued unbroken until 
 the death of the former in 1782. In 1766 Mr. Burke took 
 his seat in Parliament as member for Wendover, a borough 
 belonging to Lord Verney. 
 
 "It may be safely said that probably no man had ever entered 
 Parliament so well trained and accomplished by previous acquire 
 ments, and by intellectual discipline." 
 
 It is not a little remarkable that on the very first day 
 on which he took his seat, he astonished the assembled 
 wisdom of the House with a burst of eloquence which 
 elicited the warm commendations of the celebrated Wil 
 liam Pitt, afterwards Earl of Chatham. He remarked that 
 The young member had proved a very able advocate; he had 
 himself intended to enter at length into the details, but hi to 
 been anticipated with so much ingenuity and eloquence, that there 
 was little left for him to say ; he congratulated him on his success 
 and his friends on the value of the acquisition they had made." 
 
 His friends, who had been his delighted auditors in the 
 gallery, crowded around him the faithful Arthur Murphy 
 
 among them, almost beside himself with joy as he 
 
 emerged from the House, and congratulated him upon his 
 brilliant success. The good news travelled fast, and soon 
 290 
 
 BUR 
 
 ' gladdened " The Literary Club," of which Burke was the 
 , most brilliant ornament. One of the members, whose va- 
 | nity had been wounded by being foiled in a controversy 
 : with Burke, expressed some surprise at the proud position 
 before the country which the great orator had so suddenly 
 assumed. This unworthy sneer was too much for the equa 
 nimity of the gruff yet warm-hearted author of Rasselas; 
 he turned to the offender, and with bent brow vociferated : 
 
 " Sir, there is no wonder at all ! We, who know Mr. Burke, know 
 that he will be one of the first men in the country !" 
 
 The delighted lexicographer seized his pen, and wrote 
 to Langton : 
 
 " Burke has gained more reputation than perhaps any man at 
 his first appearance ever gained before. He made two speeches in 
 the House for repealing the Stamp Act, which were publicly com 
 mended by Mr. Pitt, and have filled the town with wonder. . . . 
 Burke is a great man by nature, and is expected soon to attain 
 civil greatness." 
 
 We shall have occasion hereafter to make some further 
 quotations from Johnson's many attestations to the extra 
 ordinary genius of his friend. 
 
 We have now seen Mr Burke fairly launched in public 
 life, in which he continued until within three years of his 
 death his last appearance in the House of Commons oc 
 curring June 20th, 1794 and it is inconsistent with the 
 plan of our work to enter into any detailed history of his 
 political labours. These form an important part of the 
 history of his country for a quarter of a century. Some 
 of the principal we shall have occasion to refer to here 
 after. We now proceed to notice some of the most im 
 portant of Mr. Burke's publications. The edition of his 
 Works and Correspondence, pub. by F. & J. Rivington, 
 Lon., 1852, in 8 vols. 8vo, contains the whole of the 20 
 volumes previously published. A Short Account of a late 
 short Administration, 1766. This, the author's first poli 
 tical pamphlet, is an exposition of the twelve months' 
 administration of the Rockingham ministry. It was anony 
 mous. 
 
 Observations on a late Publication entitled The Present 
 State of the Nation, 1769. The Present State, <fec. was 
 the production of Mr. Grenville, or his former secretary, 
 Mr. Knox. 
 
 " Mr. Burke fairly convicts his opponent of inconclusive reason 
 ing, of inaccuracy in many parts of his subject, and of ignorance 
 as to facts and details on the great principles of commerce and 
 revenue, on which Mr. Grenville particularly plumed himself." 
 PRIOR. 
 
 The 5th edit, of this pamphlet was published in 1782. 
 Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontents, 1773. 
 Letter to the Sheriffs of Bristol, 1777. This was a vindi 
 cation of his line of conduct on the American Question. 
 His Thirteen Propositions for quieting the troubles in 
 America, had been submitted in March, 1775. His power 
 ful advocacy of Colonial interests strengthened the heart 
 and nerved the arm of the American patriots, and his 
 exertions on their behalf were rewarded by a nation's gra 
 titude. As early as 1771 the State of New York had ap 
 pointed Mr. Burke its agent, an office which added some 
 700 per annum to his income. Reflections on the Revo 
 lution in France, 1790, in a Letter to a French gentleman. 
 This work was translated into French by M. Dupont, and 
 at once took a strong hold of the public mind of Europe. 
 It was elaborated with great care, more than a dozen proofs 
 being worked off and destroyed before the classical taste 
 of the author was satisfied. Within the first year about 
 19,000 copies were sold in England, and about 13,000 in 
 France. The first demand continued in England until 
 30,000 copies were absorbed; and some experienced book 
 sellers have declared that the sale was greater than of any 
 preceding book whatever of the same price, (5 shillings.) 
 It has been remarked that perhaps no writer was ever be 
 fore so complimented. The Sovereigns assembled at Pil- 
 nitz the Emperor of Germany being of the number 
 the Princes of France, the Empress of Russia, and the 
 King of England, hastened to honour that genius which 
 dignified human nature and would have ennobled the low 
 est of the race. George of England with all his faults, 
 one of the best kings who ever sat upon the British throne 
 personally distributed the work he so much admired, 
 with the emphatic commendation that it was "a book 
 which every gentleman ought to read." 
 
 Stanislaus of Poland sent the author his likeness on a 
 gold medal, with a letter written in English, " deeming 
 that language the most copious and energetic to convey 
 the high sense which he entertained of his patriotism and 
 talents." 
 
 The venerable seats of that priceless learning which 
 preserves the records of the experience of the past, that it 
 may be converted to the wisdom of the future, vied with 
 
BUR 
 
 each other in their expressions of esteem for "the powerful 
 advocate of the constitution, the friend of public order, 
 virtue, and the happiness of mankind." The Doctors of 
 Trinity College, Dublin, famed for profound indoctrina 
 tion in the beauties and subtilties of the language of Cicero 
 and Horace, reverentially laid their tribute at the feet of 
 a master whose eloquence as much exceeded the loftiest 
 strains of the one as his withering exposure of the crimes 
 of an insane Democracy surpassed the biting satire of the 
 other. The resident graduates of the University of Ox 
 ford which from the time of Alfred has opened her gates 
 to send forth, for the instruction of mankind, teachers pro 
 foundly versed in sacred and classic lore presented their 
 admiring acknowledgments to the champion who had so 
 eloquently and ably defended those principles for the ad 
 vancement of which it was their province to labour. The 
 reverend dignitaries of the Churches of England and 
 France pronounced their benedictions upon one who, in an 
 age of infidelity, exalted the inspiration of the written 
 word, and pointed to the Cross of the Redeemer as the 
 only infallible refuge for man amidst the calamities and 
 disorders of a fallen world. Who indeed can peruse the 
 Reflections without admiration of the genius, even if he 
 question some of the sentiments, of the gifted author ? 
 
 The publication of opinions so hostile to the English 
 sympathizers with the French Revolutionists soon regi 
 cides produced confusion in their ranks, and hastened that 
 separation between Burke and Fox which sooner or later 
 seemed inevitable. On the 6th of May of the next year, 
 occurred that memorable scene the rupture between these 
 distinguished men to the pathos and interest of which 
 neither pen nor pencil can do justice. The subject before 
 the House was the Canada Bill, and Mr. Burke opened the 
 debate. Previous to the recess, Mr. Fox had, by implica 
 tion, thrown out a challenge to Burke to discuss the vexed 
 question of the French Revolution. Mr. Burke had no 
 opportunity to reply before the next meeting of the House. 
 In his opening speech he adverted to it, but was immedi 
 ately called to order by Mr. Fox, as touching on forbidden 
 grounds. Mr. Burke, surprised by this rudeness, attempted 
 a reply, but was again and again interrupted by Fox, with 
 whom others now joined, and Burke listened with asto 
 nishment and mortification whilst the late friend of his 
 bosom assailed him with the bitterest irony and keenest 
 invective, only made the more poignant by professions of 
 unbounded admiration of his genius and abilities. Mr. 
 Burke at length was allowed an opportunity to reply. He 
 rose amidst profound silence, for there was something in 
 that unruffled brow, something in that eye, and in the tones 
 of that eloquent voice which had so long " taught senators 
 wisdom," and under whose rebuke the proudest nobles of 
 the land had often stood abashed something there was 
 which told every beating heart that this would be a day 
 long to be remembered by the Commons of England. He 
 complained of " being treated with harshness and malig 
 nity, for which the motive seemed unaccountable ; of be 
 ing personally attacked from a quarter where he least ex 
 pected it, after an intimacy of more than twenty-two years ; 
 of his public sentiments and writings being garbled, and 
 his confidential communications violated, to give colour to 
 an unjust charge; and that though at his time of life it 
 was obviously indiscreet to provoke enemies, or to lose 
 friends, as he could not hope for the opportunity necessary 
 to acquire others, yet if his steady adherence to the British 
 constitution placed him in such a dilemma, he would risk 
 all, and as public duty and public prudence taught him, 
 with his last breath, exclaim, < Fly from the French con 
 stitution.'" Mr. Fox was alarmed at the consequences of 
 his indiscretion ; he whispered to the friend who had long 
 loved and borne with him, "There is no loss of friend 
 ship !" " Yes, there is !" replied Burke ; " I know the price 
 of my conduct ! I have indeed made a great sacrifice : I 
 have done my duty, though I have lost my friend !" A 
 painful scene now ensued. Fox rose in great agitation. He 
 trembled at the results of his folly; and felt that his pu 
 nishment was more than he could bear. In vain he essayed 
 to speak, and he stood the picture of contrition before the 
 House, until at last nature found relief in tears. He turned 
 to the friend whose feelings he had so deeply outraged 
 that friend, too, one of the noblest of his kind : he con 
 jured him in the most pathetic terms by "the remem 
 brance of their past attachment their unalienable friend 
 ship their reciprocal affection, as dear and almost as 
 binding as the ties of nature between father and son, he 
 conjured him to revoke his renunciation and forget the 
 past !" But, unfortunately, after all this burst of grief 
 and affection, foolishly unaccountably for some demon 
 
 BUR 
 
 seemed to have entered into Fox that unhappy day he 
 again gave loose to the frenzy which appeared to actuate 
 him and again and again offended. The breach was 
 never healed. 
 
 In 1794 Mr. Burke was struck to the earth by a blow 
 which robbed life of its attractions, and rendered him in 
 different to the trappings of rank with which his sovereign 
 had purposed to honour his declining years. In the spring 
 of that year he had followed his only and beloved brother 
 to the grave, and before autumn had changed the foliage 
 of the woods, his son, an only son, was called to the "nar 
 row house appointed for all living." Young Burke had 
 accepted a post in Ireland, but 
 
 " He was sinking into consumption, and his physicians detained 
 him from his duties ; not daring, however, to apprize his father of 
 the danger, for they knew that, like the patriarch of old, ' his life 
 was bound up in the lad's life,' and were convinced that a know 
 ledge of the truth would prove fatal to him sooner than to his son. 
 He was, therefore, kept in ignorance until a week before the clos 
 ing scene, and from that tune until all was over, ' he slept not, he 
 scarcely tasted food, or ceased from the most affecting lamenta 
 tions.' The last moments of young Burke present one of those 
 striking cases in which nature seems to rally all her powers at the 
 approach of dissolution, as the taper often burns brightest in the 
 act of going out. His father was waiting his departure in an ad 
 joining room, (for he was unable to bear the sight,) when he rose 
 from his bed, dressed himself completely, and leaning on his nurse, 
 entered the room where he was sitting. ' Speak to me, my dear la 
 ther,' said he, as he saw him bowed to the earth under the poignancy 
 of his grief, ' I am in no terror; I feel myself better and in spirits; 
 yet my heart flutters. I know not why ! Pray tnlk to me of reli 
 gion of morality of indifferent subjects.' Then, returning to 
 his room, he exclaimed, ' What noise is that ? Does it rain ?' ' No ; 
 it is the rustling of the wind in the trees.' The invalid then broke 
 out at once with a clear, sweet voice in that beautiful passage (the 
 favourite lines of his father) from the Morning Hymn in Milton : 
 ' His praise, ye winds, that from four quarters blow, 
 Breathe soft or loud ; and wave your tops, ye pines, 
 With every plant, in sign of worship, wave !' 
 
 " He began again and again, repeated them with the same ten 
 derness and fervour, bowing his head as in the act of worship, and 
 then sank into the arms of his parents, as in a profound and 
 sweet sleep. It would be too painful to dwell on scenes that fol 
 lowed, until the father laid all that remained to him of his child 
 beneath the Beaconsfield Church, adjoining his estate. From that 
 hour he never looked, if he could avoid it, toward that church ! 
 Eighteen months after, when be had somewhat recovered his com 
 posure, he thus adverted to his loss in his celebrated Letter to a 
 Noble Lord : ' The storm has gone over me, and I lie like one of 
 those old oaks which the late hurricane has scattered around me. 
 I am stripped of all my honours ; I am torn up by the roots, and 
 lie prostrate to the earth ! There, and prostrate there, I must un- 
 feignedly recognise the divine justice, and in some degree submit 
 to it. ... 1 am alone ! I have none to meet my enemies in the gate.' " 
 See Dr. French Laurence's Letter to Mrs. Haviland. 
 
 It is hardly necessary at this day to do more than briefly 
 notice the alleged identity of Mr. Burke with the author 
 of the Letters of Junius. At one time it was generally 
 believed that he was the author, and Mr. Roche made out 
 so strong a case in his Inquiry that even the quick-witted 
 Anti-Jacobin Review was completely convinced, as the 
 following verdict testifies : 
 
 " We feel it our duty before we enter into any particulars re 
 specting this work, to declare, that it has fully convinced us of the 
 truth which it is intended to establish ; that the Letters of Ju 
 nius were written by the Right Honourable Edmund Burke. Mr. 
 Roche has, indeed, brought together such a body of evidence, in 
 ternal, direct, and circumstantial, as must eventually settle this 
 interesting and long-disputed question." 
 
 We shall not be expected to give any opinion upon a 
 point on which most literary men have their own theory. 
 The matter will be adverted to again in our notice of SIB 
 PHILIP FRANCIS. That Mr. Burke at least knew who the 
 author was, we have good reason to believe, but he " died 
 and made no sign." We know an English gentleman who 
 protests that he possesses the secret, and he may reveal 
 something further. 
 
 Of all those speeches by which he acquired such renown, 
 Mr. Burke prepared the following only for the press : 1. 
 On American Taxation ; delivered April 9, 1774. 2. On 
 Conciliation with America; March 22, 1775. 3. On Eco 
 nomical Reform ; Feb. 20, 1780. 4. At Bristol, previous 
 to the Election; September 6, 1780. 5. On Declining the 
 Election at Bristol ; September 9, 1780. 6. On the East 
 India Bill of Mr. Fox; December 1, If 83. 7. On the 
 Nabob of Arcot's Debts, Feb. 18, 1Y85. All of these, with 
 the exception of that On Economical Reform, will be 
 found in the Rev. Dr. Chauncey A. Goodrich's Select Bri 
 tish Eloquence, where the reader may also peruse an ad 
 mirable analysis of Mr. Burke's characteristics as an au 
 thor and an orator. The great speech of July 16, 1794, 
 On the Impeachment of Warren Hastings, Mr. Burke 
 never prepared for the press. Mr. Macaulay has sketched 
 the august spectacle of that day in colours but little less 
 vivid than those which exposed the gigantic wickedness 
 
BUR 
 
 of the late Governor-General of India. He also does jus- ! 
 tice to the purity of motive and laudable philanthropy 
 which actuated Burke in- this prosecution, and properly 
 rebukes the disreputable attempt of the reverend biogra 
 pher (Gleig) of Hastings to impute petty malice to a mind 
 too noble to harbour such an unworthy tenant. Of all the 
 flattering portrait-painters of the age, perhaps the most 
 successful in converting deformity into beauty are Mr. 
 Basil Montagu, Sir John Malcolm, and the Rev. Dr. Gleig : 
 see portraits of Bacon, Clive, and Hastings, as sketched 
 by these great masters. We shall now, in justice to the 
 illustrious subject of our notice, and that we may not be 
 suspected of extravagance in the eulogies for which we 
 are personally responsible, quote from the recorded opinion 
 of a number of his contemporaries and successors : 
 
 " There never was a more beautiful alliance between virtue and 
 talents. All his conceptions were kind, all his sentiments gene 
 rous. . . . The sublimest talents, the greatest and rarest virtues 
 that the beneficence of Providence ever concentrated in a single 
 character for the benefit of mankind. But Mr. Burke was too su 
 perior to the age in which he lived. His prophetic genius only 
 
 BUR 
 
 astonished the nation which it ought to have governed." M. he did : 
 
 * 
 
 " When he has roused us with the thunders of his eloquence, 
 he can at once, Tirnotheus-like, choose a melancholy theme, and 
 melt us into pity : there is grace in his anger, for he can inveigh 
 without vulgarity; he can modulate the strongest burst of pas 
 sion, for even in his madness there is music." CUMBERLAND. 
 
 " That volume of voice, that superabundant richness and fer 
 tility of fancy, that vast grasp and range of mind, which Mr. 
 Burke possessed beyond all created beings." 
 
 On one occasion Mr. Shackleton, after listening to some 
 of Burke's conversational eloquence, remarked aside to the 
 orator's son, " He is the greatest man of the age." " He is," 
 replied the son, with filial enthusiasm, "the greatest man 
 of any age !" It is to be here observed that Burke, with 
 that remarkable modesty which so eminently distinguished 
 him, and which prevented his making a collection of his 
 writings, considered his son's talents as far superior to his 
 own. Wilberforce remarked : 
 
 " His eloquence had always attracted, his imagination continu 
 ally charmed, his reasonings often convinced, him. Of his head 
 and his heart, of his abilities and of his humanity, of his rectitude 
 and perseverance, no man could entertain a higher opinion than 
 
 " I do not reckon it amongst the least calamities of the times, | 
 certainly not among those that affect me least, that the world has i 
 now lost Mr. Burke. Oh ! how much may we rue that his counsels j 
 were not followed. Oh ! how exactly do we see verified all that he , 
 has predicted !" WINDHAM. 
 
 " He must again repeat that all he ever knew of men, that all 
 he ever read in books, that all his reasoning faculties informed ; 
 him of, or his fancy suggested to him, did not impart that exalted 
 knowledge, that superior information, which he had acquired 
 from the lessons of his right honourable friend. To him he owed 
 all his fame, if fame he had any. And if he (Mr. Fox) should 
 now, or at any time, prevail over him in discussion, he could ac 
 knowledge his gratitude for the capability and pride of the con 
 quest in telling him ' Hoc ipsum quod vincit id est tuum.' "Mr. 
 Fox's Speech in the House of Commons on the occasion of his rupture 
 vrith Mr. Burke. 
 
 At the moment of proposing Mr. Burke's interment in 
 Westminster Abbey, he again repeated the same acknow 
 ledgments in terms which, in the words of a member in 
 attendance, " drew tears from every one present who had 
 any feelings at all, or could sympathize in the excellence 
 of the great genius before them, or with the still greater 
 excellence of the genius who had departed." 
 
 " Burke understands every thing but gaming and music. In 
 the House of Commons I sometimes think him only the second 
 man in England ; out of it he is always the first." GERARD HA 
 MILTON. 
 
 " The admiration, nay astonishment, with which I so often list 
 ened to Mr. Burke, gave an interest to every spot connected with 
 his memory, and forcibly brought to my recollection the profun 
 dity and extent of his knowledge, while the energy, warmth, and 
 beauty of his imagery, captured the heart, and made the judgment 
 tributary to the will. As an orator he surpassed all his contem 
 poraries, and was perhaps never exceeded." CURWEN. 
 Another contemporary remarks : 
 
 "The political knowledge of Mr. Burke might be considered al 
 most as an Encyclopaedia: every man who approached him re 
 ceived instruction from his stores." 
 
 One who generally opposed him in politics acknowledges 
 that 
 
 " Learning waited upon him as a handmaid, presenting to his 
 choice all that antiquity had culled or invented; he often seemed 
 to be oppressed under the load and variety of his intellectual trea 
 sures. Every power of oratory was wielded by him in turn; for 
 he could be during the same evening pathetic and humorous, 
 acrimonious and conciliating; now giving a loose to his indigna 
 tion and severity, and then, almost in the same breath, calling to 
 his assistance ridicule, wit, and mockery." 
 Another political opponent remarks : 
 " As an orator, notwithstanding some defects, he stands almost 
 unrivalled. No man was better calculated to arouse the dormant 
 passions, to call forth the glowing affections of the human heart, 
 and to ' harrow up' the inmost recesses of the soul. Venality and 
 meanness stood appalled in his presence ; he who was dead to the 
 feelings of his own conscience was still alive to his animated re 
 proaches ; and corruption for a while became alarmed at the ter 
 rors of his countenance." 
 
 " His learning is so various and extensive that we might praise 
 it for its range and compass, were it not still more praiseworthy 
 for its solidity and depth. His imagination is so lively and so crea 
 tive, that he may justly be called the child of fancy; and, there 
 fore, his enemies, for even he is not without them, would persuade 
 us that his fancy overbears his judgment. . . . His grand charac 
 teristic is genius, and his ruling faculty is judgment. . . . Whilst 
 
 he persuades as an orator, he instructs as a philosopher " REV 
 
 THOMAS CAMPBELL, author of the History of Ireland. 
 
 " Of his talents and acquirements in general, it is unnecessary 
 to speak. They were long the glory of his country and the admi 
 ration of Europe ; they might have been (had it consisted with the 
 inscrutable counsels of Divine Providence) the salvation of both 
 If not the most accomplished orator, yet the most eloquent man 
 of his age, perhaps second to none in any age, he had still more 
 wisdom than eloquence. He diligently collected it from the wise 
 of all ages; but what he had so obtained he enriched from the 
 vast treasury of his own observation." DR. FRENCH LAURENCE. 
 I admire his eloquence; I approve his politics; I adore hi 
 
 When the public mind was darkened that it could not discern, 
 when in every quarter of the heaven appeared vapour and mist and 
 cloud and exhalation, at this very hour the morning horizon be 
 gan suddenly to redden : it was the dawn. Then, indeed, 
 ' First in his east the glorious lamp was seen, 
 Regent of day!' 
 
 That luminary was EDMUND BURKE. ... I would record in lasting 
 .haracters, and in our holiest and most honourable temple, the de 
 parted Orator of England, the Statesman and the Christian, Ei>- 
 IIUND BURKE. Remuneratio ejus Cum Altissimo!" Pursuits of 
 Literature. 
 
 The name of Burke will be remembered with admiration when 
 those of Pitt and Fox will be comparatively forgotten." LORD 
 THURLOW. 
 
 " Let me speak what my mind prompts of the eloquence of 
 Burke ; of Burke, by whose sweetness Athens herself would have 
 been soothed, with whose amplitude and exuberance she would 
 have been enraptured, and on whose lips that prolific mother of 
 genius and science would have adored, confessed, the Goddess of 
 Persuasion. . . . Who is there among men of eloquence or learning 
 more profoundly versed in every branch of science ? Who is there 
 that has cultivated philosophy, the parent of all that is illustrious 
 in literature or exploit, with more felicitous success? . . Who is 
 there that combines the charm of invisible grace and urbanity with 
 such magnificent and boundless expansion?" DR. PARR. See these 
 opinions and others in Prior's Life of Burke. 
 
 In conversation Burke was as unrivalled as in oratory. 
 Johnson was the first man in the literary circles of London 
 when Burke was absent, but he knew himself to be only 
 second in the presence of Burke. It was a " striking spec 
 tacle to see one so proud and stubborn, who had for years 
 been accustomed to give forth his dicta with the authority 
 of an oracle, submit to contradiction from a youth of 
 twenty-seven. But though Johnson differed from Burke 
 in politics, he always did him justice. He spoke of him 
 from the first in terms of the highest respect." He re 
 marked to Boswell : 
 
 " ' I do not grudge Burke's being the first man in the House of 
 Commons, for he is the first everywhere.' ' Burke,' be remarked 
 upon another occasion, ' is an extraordinary man. His stream of 
 talk is perpetual ; and he does not talk from any desire of distinc 
 tion, but because his mind is full. ... He is the only man whose 
 common conversation corresponds with the general fame which 
 he has in the world. Take him up where you please, he is ready 
 to meet you. ... No man of sense could meet Burke by accident 
 under a gateway, to avoid a shower, without being convinced that 
 he was the first man in England." 
 
 " A striking confirmation of this remark occurred some year? 
 after, when Mr. Burke was passing through Lichfield, the birth 
 place of Johnson. Wishing to see the Cathedral, during the change 
 of horses, he stepped into the building, and was met by one of the 
 clergy of the place, who kindly offered to point out the principal 
 objects of curiosity. A conversation ensued, but in a few moments 
 the clergyman's pride of local information was completely subdued 
 by the copious and intricate knowledge displayed by the stranger. 
 Whatever topic the objects before them suggested, whether the 
 theme was architecture or antiquities, some obscure passage in 
 ecclesiastical history, or some question respecting the life of a saint, 
 he touched it as with a sunbeam. His information appeared uni 
 versal; his mild, clear intellect, without one particle of Ignorance. 
 A few minutes after their separation, the clergyman was met hur 
 rying through the street. ' I have had,' said he, ' quite an adven 
 ture. I have been conversing for this half hour past with a man 
 of the most extraordinary powers of mind and extent of informa 
 tion which it has ever been my fortune to meet with ; and I arn 
 now going to the inn to ascertain, if possible, who this stranger 
 is.' Johnson considered that he would have excited as much won 
 der in much lower company. ' If he should go into a stable, and 
 talk a few minutes with the hostlers about horses, they would 
 venerate him as the wisest of human beings. They would say, 
 We have had an extraordinary man here.' ... In speaking of M 
 Burke's social hours, the late Mr. Grattan observed to several 
 friends, that he was the greatest man in conversation he had met 
 with. A nobleman who was present (Lord C.) inquired whetlior 
 he did not think Curran on some occasions greater. ' IN o, my Lorn. 
 was the reply ; ' Curran indeed had much wit; but Burke had wi 
 too, and, in addition to wit, boundless stores of wisdom and know 
 ledge.' " 
 
BUR 
 
 When some one eulogized Johnson's powers of conver 
 sation, "But," replied Goldsmith, "is he like Burke, who 
 winds into his subject like a serpent?" 
 
 It is worth noticing here that Mr. Burke himself consi 
 dered Mrs. Anne Pitt, sister of the minister at the head of 
 the cabinet, as " the most perfectly eloquent person he ever 
 heard speak. He lamented not having committed to paper 
 one particular conversation in which the richness and va 
 riety of her discourse quite astonished him." We hope 
 that our readers will appreciate the gallantry which causes 
 us to introduce this anecdote. 
 
 "It would not be difficult to multiply evidences of the vast stores 
 of knowledge which Mr. Burke seems to have always had on hand 
 ready for use at a moment's notice. On one occasion he dined with 
 a party, where he met with an ecclesiastical dignitary who surprised 
 the company by starting ' subjects of conversation so abstruse or 
 unusual, that few of his hearers felt inclined or qualified to accom 
 pany him.' Mr. Burke said nothing for some time; but when the 
 gentleman committed an error in his detail of some of the opera 
 tions of Caesar in Britain, he immediately corrected him : the clergy 
 man bowed without making any reply. He then brought up for 
 discussion the merits of some obscure Latin authors, and was giv 
 ing a quotation, when Mr. Burke reminded him that he had not 
 rendered properly two or three words of the sentence. Again he 
 introduced to the notice of the company a description of a rare old 
 volume, ' containing some curious geographical details.' Here at 
 least he was safe from the formidable critic ! Not at all : Mr. Burke 
 took the subject out of his hands, and commented on it as if it had 
 been an everyday matter. 
 
 " At the conclusion of the evening Mr. Richards and the Arch 
 deacon walked home together. ' Sir,' observed the former, ' I ad 
 mired your patience when so repeatedly, and I dare say, unneces 
 sarily, interrupted by Mr. Burke; for, from the nature of your 
 studies, you must be a more competent judge of such matters than 
 the bustle of politics can permit him to be.' ' Mr. Burke was never 
 theless right, and I was wrong,' replied the Archdeacon: 'nay 
 more ; I confess I went previously prepared to speak on these sub 
 jects, for knowing that I was to meet him, and hearing that he 
 was acquainted with almost every thing, I had determined to put 
 his knowledge to the test, and for this purpose had spent much 
 of the morning in my study. My memory, however, has been 
 more treacherous than I had imagined.' " 
 
 If the mere perusal of Burke's speeches affect us so 
 powerfully, what must have been the emotions of his audi 
 tory! The Duke de Levis heard one of his philippics 
 against the French Revolution, and he declares that 
 
 " This extraordinary man seemed to raise and quqll the passions 
 of his auditory with as much ease and as rapidly as a skilful mu 
 sician passes into the various modulations of his harpsichord. I 
 have witnessed many, too many, political assemblages, and strik 
 ing scenes, where eloquence performed a noble part, but the whole 
 of them appear insipid when compared with this amazing effort." 
 
 When he painted the cruelties of Debi Sing in his speech 
 on the impeachment of Warren Hastings, the writer of the 
 History of the Trial tells us 
 
 " In this part of his speech Mr. Burke's descriptions were more 
 vivid, more harrowing, and more horrific, than human utterance, 
 or either fact or fancy, perhaps ever formed before. The agitation 
 of most people was very apparent: Mrs. Sheridan was so overpow 
 ered that she fainted : several others were as powerfully affected." 
 
 Mrs. Siddons is said to have been one of the number 
 thus overcome by a mightier eloquence than any known to 
 the stage. 
 
 The "flinty chancellor," Lord Thurlow, albeit unused to 
 the melting mood, was so visibly affected, that " iron tears 
 down Pluto's cheek" was very near to being something more 
 than a simile of the orator's. 
 
 " In his address to the Peers, some days afterwards, he concluded 
 a handsome eulogium on the speech, by observing that their ' Lord 
 ships all knew the effect upon the auditors, many of whom had 
 not to that moment, and perhaps never would, recover from the 
 shock it had occasioned.' " 
 
 "The testimony of the accused party himself is perhaps the 
 strongest ever borne to the powers of any speaker of any country. 
 ' For half an hour,' said Mr. Hastings, ' I looked up at the orator 
 in a reverie of wonder ; and during that space I actually felt my 
 self the most culpable man on earth;' adding, however, 'but I 
 recurred to my own bosom, and there found a consciousness that 
 consoled me under all I heard and all I suffered.' " Prior's Life 
 of BurJce. 
 
 Was there ever an instance of such exquisite hypocrisy, 
 or of such utter callousness of soul? But we leave this 
 moral phenomena for Dr. Gleig's anatomical powers. It 
 was enough to excite a momentarv pang of remorse even 
 in the flinty heart of that man of blood and spoils, to hear 
 himself thus most accurately depicted by the indignant 
 eloquence of the first orator in the world : 
 
 "Therefore hath it with all confidence been ordered by the Com 
 mons of Great Britain, that I impeach Warren Hastings of high 
 crimes and misdemeanours ! 
 
 " I Impeach him in the name of the Commons House of Parlia 
 ment, whose trust he has betrayed ! 
 
 " I impeach him in the name of the English nation, whose an 
 cient honr *r he has sullied! 
 
 " I impeach him in the name of the people of India, whose rights 
 he has trodden under foot, and whose country he has turned into 
 a desert! Lastly, in the name of human nature itself, in the 
 name of both sexes, in the name of every age, in the name of 
 every rank, I impeach the common enemy and oppressor of all!" 
 
 BUR 
 
 Well said Mr. Fox, 
 
 " If we are no longer in shameful ignorance of India ; if India 
 no longer makes us blush in the eyes of Europe ; let us know and 
 feel our obligations to him whose admirable resources of opinion 
 and affection whose untiring toil, sublime genius, and high as 
 piring honour, raised him up conspicuous among the most bene 
 ficent worthies of mankind!" Speech on the Impeachment of War 
 ren Hastings. 
 
 Burke himself calls this great work the arraignment 
 of Hastings " that principal act which is to be the glory 
 or the shame of my whole public life." Works, edit. 
 1852, ii. 309. 
 
 Sheridan's tribute to Burke is worthy of his genius : 
 
 " A gentleman whose abilities, happily for the glory of the age 
 in which we live, are not intrusted to the perishable eloquence of 
 the day, but will live to be the admiration of that hour when all 
 of us shall be mute, and most of us forgotten." 
 
 The distinguished Schlegel is eloquent in his praise: 
 
 "This man has been to his own country and to all Europe in 
 a very particular manner to Germany a new light of political 
 wisdom and moral experience. He corrected his age when it was 
 at the height of its revolutionary frenzy ; and without maintain 
 ing any system of philosophy, he seems to have seen farther into 
 the true nature of society, and to have more clearly comprehended 
 the effect of religion in connecting individual security with na 
 tional welfare, than any philosopher, or any system of philosophy, 
 of any succeeding age." SchlegeVs Lectures on Literature. 
 
 Robert Hall, himself a great master of eloquence, touches 
 a loftier note than is usual even with him, when speaking 
 of Burke : 
 
 " Who can withstand the fascination and magic of his eloquence ? 
 The excursions of his genius are immense ! His imperial fancy 
 has laid all nature under tribute, and has collected riches from 
 every scene of the creation and every walk of art !" 
 
 "The immortality of Burke is that which is common to Cicero 
 or to Bacon, that which can never be interrupted while there ex 
 ists the beauty of order or the love of virtue, and which can fear no 
 death except what barbarity may impose on the globe." GB.ATTAN. 
 
 Mr. Grattan may be charged with extravagance in plac 
 ing Burke upon a par with Cicero and Bacon, but many 
 capable critics are not satisfied with this rank, and assign 
 him a still higher place. Sir James Mackintosh tlardly 
 allows to the great master of ancient eloquence, or to the 
 profound father of modern philosophy, an equality with 
 him who combined the excellencies of both : 
 
 " Shakspeare and Burke are, if I may venture on the expression, 
 above talent. Burke was one of the first thinkers, as well as one 
 of the greatest orators, of his time. He is without parallel in any 
 age or country, except perhaps Lord Bacon or Cicero ; and his works 
 contain an ampler store of political and MORAL WISDOM THAN CAN BB 
 
 FOUND IN ANY OTHER WRITER WHATEVER." 
 
 The reader must not fail to procure A Memoir of the 
 Political Life of the Right Hon. Edmund Burke, 2 vole, 
 p. 8vo, by the Rev. George Croly, LL.D., Rector of St 
 Stephen's, Wallbrook, London. 
 
 " We have quoted enough, and more than enough, to convince 
 the most skeptical of the originality, eloquence, and power of these 
 remarkable volumes. We regard them as a valuable contribution 
 to our national literature, as an effectual antidote to revolutionary 
 principles, and as a masterly analysis of the mind and writings of 
 the greatest philosopher and statesman in our history." The Bri 
 tannia. 
 
 Mr. Warren thus warmly commends the political writ 
 ings of our great author to the reverence of the student 
 at Law : 
 
 " The political writings of the illustrious Edmund Burke need 
 be mentioned, only, to vindicate their claim to the continual pe 
 rusalthe earnest study, of all who are capable of appreciating 
 the display of profound wisdom, set forth in enchanting eloquence, 
 made contributory to the advancement of the permanent and 
 highest interests of mankind, and capable of indefinitely elevat 
 ing and expanding the feelings and understanding but vain is 
 the task of attempting to do justice to writings upon which pane 
 gyric has long ago exhausted itself. Out of a thousand witnesses, 
 let us select the testimony of one only one, however, who has a 
 paramount title to the attention and deference of that Bar, of 
 which he was one of the brightest ornaments Lord Erskine. 
 ' Among the characteristics of Lord Erskine's eloquence,' observes 
 the late accomplished Mr. Henry Roscoe, 'the perpetual illustra 
 tions derived from the writings of Burke, is very remarkable. lu 
 every one of the great state trials in which he was concerned, he 
 referred to the works of that extraordinary person, as to a text 
 book of political wisdom, expounding, enforcing, and justify ing, 
 all the great and noble principles of freedom and justice.' Lord 
 Erskine himself has left on record his impressive testimony to the 
 same effect : ' When I look into my own mind, and find its best 
 lights and principles fed from that immense magazine of moral 
 and political wisdom, which he has left as an inheritance to man 
 kind for their instruction, I feel myself repelled by an awful and 
 grateful sensibility from petulantly approaching him.' " Warren's 
 Law Studies, ion., 1845, 12mo. 
 
 The following testimonies are of equal value : 
 
 "The writings of that eminent man whom posterity will regard 
 as the most eloquent of orators, and the most profound of the phi 
 losophic statesmen of modern times." SIR ROBERT PEEL. 
 
 " The Speeches he made will be the subject of admiration for all 
 succeeding generations." LORD JOHN RUSSELL. 
 
 "That great master of eloquence. Edmund Burke! ... in ap 
 titude of comprehension and richness of imagination, superior to 
 every orator, ancient or modern." T. B. MACAULAY. 
 
BUR 
 
 BUR 
 
 "The variety and extent of his powers in debate were greater 
 than that of any orator in ancient or modern times. No one ever 
 poured forth such a flood of thought so many original combina 
 tions of inventive genius ; so much knowledge of man, and the 
 workings of political systems; so many just remarks on the rela 
 tion of government to the manners, the spirit, and even the pre 
 judices, of a people; so many wise maxims as to a change in con 
 stitution and laws ; so many beautiful effusions of lofty and gene 
 rous sentiment ; such exuberant stores of illustration, ornament, 
 and apt allusion : all intermingled with the liveliest sallies of wit, 
 or the boldest flights of a sublime imagination. ... In the struc 
 ture of his mind he had a strong resemblance to Bacon, nor was 
 he greatly his inferior in the leading attributes of his intellect. 
 In imagination he went far beyond him. He united more per 
 fectly than any other man the discordant qualities of the philoso 
 pher and the poet." C. A. GOODRICH, D.D., Professor of Jfheteric 
 in Yale College. 
 
 We add an eloquent exposition of the characteristics of 
 Burke's genius from one of the most celebrated orators of 
 our own day : 
 
 " No one can doubt that enlightened men in all ages will hang 
 over the Works of MR. BURKE. He was a writer of the first class, 
 and excelled in almost every kind of prose composition. The ex 
 traordinary depth of his detached views, the penetrating sagacity 
 which he occasionally applies to the affairs of men and their mo 
 tives, and the curious felicity of expression with which he unfolds 
 principles, and traces resemblances and relations, are separately 
 the gift of few, and, in their union, probably without any exam 
 ple. When he is handling any one matter, we perceive that we are 
 conversing with a reasoner and a teacher to whom almost every 
 other branch of knowledge is familiar. His views range over all 
 the cognate subjects ; his reasonings are derived from principles 
 applicable to other matters as well as the one in hand ; arguments 
 pour in from all sides, as well as those which start up under our 
 feet, the natural growth of the path he is leading us over ; while, 
 to throw light round our steps, and either explore its darker places 
 or serve for our recreation, illustrations are fetched from a thou- 
 sand quarters ; and an imagination marvellously quick to descry 
 unthought-of resemblances, pours forth the stores which a lore j 
 yet more marvellous has gathered from all ages and nations and j 
 arts and tongues. We are, in respect of the argument, reminded 
 of Bacon's multifarious knowledge, and the exuberance of his I 
 learned fancy ; while the many-lettered diction recalls to mind the j 
 first of English poets and his immortal verse, rich with the spoils 
 of all sciences and all times. 
 
 " All his Works, indeed, even his controversial, are so informed 
 with general reflection, so variegated with speculative discussion, 
 that they wear the air of the Lyceum as well as the Academy. 
 His narrative is excellent; and it is impossible more harmoniously 
 to expose the details of a complicated subject, to give them more 
 animation and interest, if dry in themselves, or to make them 
 bear by the mere power of statement more powerfully upon the 
 argument. In description he can hardly be surpassed, at least 
 for effect ; he has all the qualities that conduce to it ardour of 
 purpose, sometimes rising into violence vivid, but too luxuriant 
 fency bold, frequently extravagant, conception the faculty of 
 shedding upon mere inanimate scenery the light imparted by mo 
 ral associations. 
 
 " He now moves on with the composed air, the even, dignified 
 pace of the historian; and unfolds his facts in a narrative so easy, 
 and yet so correct, that you plainly perceive he wanted only the 
 dismissal of other pursuits to have rivalled Livy or Hume. But 
 soon this advance is interrupted, and he stops to display his powers 
 of description, when the boldness of his design is only matched by 
 the brilliancy of his colouring. He then skirmishes for a space, 
 and puts in motion all the lighter arms of wit ; sometimes not un- 
 mingled with drollery, sometimes bordering upon farce. His main 
 battery is now opened, and a tempest bursts forth of every wea 
 pon of attack invective, abuse, irony, sarcasm, simile drawn out 
 to allegory, allusion, quotation, fable, parable, anathema. 
 
 " He was admirable in exposition ; in truth, he delighted to give 
 instruction both when speaking and conversing, and in this he 
 was unrivalled. Quis in sententiis argutior? in docendo edisseren- 
 doque subtiliorf Mr. Fox might well avow, without a compliment, 
 that he had learnt more from him than from all other men and au 
 thors." LORD BROUGHAM. 
 
 It is truly gratifying to know that there are no incon 
 gruous colours in the background to detract from the bril 
 liancy and beauty of the portrait we have thus presented 
 of Edmund Burke : " the King's daughter was all glorious 
 within," and so with the illustrious subject of our theme; 
 we are not called upon to deplore the union of splendid 
 talents and degrading vices, of public philanthropy and 
 private venality : the spotless ermine covers no hidden cor 
 ruption. Of this we have abundant evidence : 
 
 " The unspotted innocence, the firm integrity of Burke," savs 
 Dr. Parr, " want no emblazoning, and if he is accustomed to exact 
 a rigorous account of the moral conduct of others, it is justified 
 in one who shuns not the most inquisitorial scrutiny into his own." 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Crabbe, whom Burke raised from a posi 
 tion of want and distress to competency and comfort 
 speaks in glowing terms 
 
 " Of his private worth, of his wishes to do good, of his affability 
 and condescension ; his readiness to lend assistance where he knew 
 it was wanted; his delight to give praise where he thought it was ! 
 deserved ; his affectionate manners, his amiable disposition, and 
 zeal for their happiness which he manifested in the hours of retire 
 ment with the members of his family." 
 
 " A much higher feature of his character than wit, was a fervent I 
 and unfeigned spirit of piety, cheerful but humble, unallied to 
 any thing like fanaticism, and expressive of a deep dependence on I 
 the dispensations of Providence, traces of which are to be found ] 
 
 in the letters of his boyhood. . . . His moral character stood 
 wholly unimpeached by any thing that approached to the name 
 of vice." PRIOR. 
 
 Of the affecting incidents of "the inevitable hour" 
 which comes alike to all, the great and the obscure, the 
 learned and the untaught, the man who feareth God and 
 the man who feareth him not, we have a graphic sketch 
 by the friend of his bosom Dr. French Laurence. The 
 poet truly tells us, 
 
 " The chamber where the good man meets his fate 
 Is privileged beyond the common walks of life," 
 and we are assured upon higher authority, " that it is 
 better to go to the house of mourning v than to the house 
 of feasting ; for that is the end of all men, and the living 
 will lay it to heart." Let us then in spirit contemplate to 
 our profit the last earthly scene of the philosopher, the 
 patriot, and the Christian : 
 
 " His end was suited to the simple greatness of mind which he 
 displayed through life, every way unaffected, without levity, with 
 out ostentation, full of natural grace and dignity ; he appeared 
 neither to wish nor to dread, but patiently and placidly to await, 
 the hour of his dissolution. He had been listening to some essays 
 of Addison's, in which he ever took delight ; he had recommended 
 himself, in many affectionate messages, to the remembrance of 
 those absent friends whom he had never ceased to love ; he had 
 conversed some time with his accustomed force of thought and 
 expression on the awful situation of his country, for the welfare 
 of which his heart was interested to the very last beat; he had 
 given with steady composure some private directions, in contem 
 plation of his approaching death ; when, as his attendants were 
 conveying him to his bed. he sunk down, and, after a short struggle, 
 passed quietly and without a groan to eternal rest, in that mercy 
 which he had just declared he had long sought with unfeigned 
 humiliation, and to which he looked with a trembling hope!" 
 
 In conformity with the directions of his will, he was 
 buried in the church at Beaconsfield, in the same grave 
 with his son and brother. 
 
 Viewed in the light of the present age, how great is our 
 admiration of that foresight which foretold, and that wis 
 dom which would have averted, the storms which menaced 
 the peace and well-being of his country ! Impartial in his 
 judgment, unswayed by every wind of political doctrine, 
 because based upon the rock of truth, he as zealously de 
 nounced that arbitrary power which oppressed the Ameri 
 can Colonies, as he rebuked that hurricane of fierce de 
 mocracy which swept the throne and the altar from France, 
 and involved the Court and the Commonalty in a general 
 ruin. Had his counsel been followed, Warren Hastings 
 would have expiated his crimes on the scaffold, and the 
 world would have lacked a Napoleon to illustrate the de 
 pravity of his race. Burke's public labours present a con 
 tinuous struggle against the stupidity, the obstinacy, and 
 the venality, of the politicians of his day. His life, there 
 fore, cannot be said to have been a happy one, for happi 
 ness dwells not amidst ceaseless vexations ; and no man 
 can "possess his soul in peace" whose philanthropy stimu 
 lates him to the duty of enlightening the ignorant, reform 
 ing the vicious, and subduing the refractory. He does 
 well; he acts nobly; he fulfils the end of his being; and 
 if he have the spiritual prerequisites, many will be his 
 consolations here, and great shall be his reward here 
 after. But let him not expect much either of gratitude 
 or applause in this life : malice will censure, envy defame, 
 rivalry decry, the noblest motives and the wisest acts. 
 Yet posterity will do him justice ; and generations yet un 
 born shall reverence his name, emulate his virtues, and 
 follow in his steps. His " good name shall be an inherit 
 ance to his children's children," and the "remembrance 
 of the just shall be blessed !" 
 
 Behold an instance of this noble advocacy of right, and 
 its appreciation by an admiring posterity, in the philan 
 thropic labours of Edmund Burke, and the deep reverence 
 with which his character is regarded in the present day ! 
 
 In the three principal questions which excited his inte 
 rest, and called forth the most splendid displays of his elo 
 quence the contest with the American Colonies, the im 
 peachment of Warren Hastings, and the French Revolu 
 tion we see displayed a philanthropy the most pure, illus 
 trated by a genius the most resplendent. In each of these 
 cases he was the friend of the oppressed, the rebuker of 
 the insolence of power, the excesses of petty tyranny, or 
 the fierce ragings of a successful and unprincipled demo 
 cracy. He was ever the bold and uncompromising cham 
 pion of justice, mercy, and truth. When his own sovereign 
 stretched forth the hand of despotic power to afflict a suf 
 fering nation, he forgot that " the king could do no 
 wrong," and pointed his finger to a violated constitution 
 and broken laws ! When a remorseless Verres ground to 
 the earth, by his exactions and cruelty, a simple and con 
 fiding people whose rights and happiness he should have 
 maintained and cherished, their cries entered into the 
 
BUR 
 
 heart even of the oppressor's nation, and 
 Cicero cited the offender to that nation's bar ! When the 
 pestilential fever of an insane democracy broke out in 
 France, and threatened to devour the nations, the High 
 Priest of enlightened Liberty " stood between the living 
 and the dead, and the plague was stayed !" 
 
 So long as virtue shall be beloved, wisdom revered, or 
 genius admired, so long will the memory of this illustri 
 ous exemplar of all be fresh in the world's history ; for 
 human nature has too much interest in the preservation 
 of such a character, ever to permit the name of EDMUMD 
 BURKK to perish from the earth. 
 
 Burke, James Henry. Days in the East; a Poem, 
 
 "The stanzas of Mr. Burke bespeak at once high feeling, a vi 
 gorous, cultivated intelligence, and a delicate poetic taste. Lon. 
 
 ' B^rke!, John, M.D. The Morbus Niger, Lon.,177C,8vo. 
 Burke, John, and Sir Bernard Burke, (for 
 
 merly John Bernard Burke,) father and son, to 
 whom we are indebted for a number of valuable works on 
 Heraldry and Genealogy. They have written separately 
 and conjointly. Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage 
 of the British Empire, by John Burke, r. 8vo ; 15th ed., 
 1853; 20th ed., by Sir Bernard Burke, Ulster King-of- 
 Arms, 1858. 
 
 "The first authority in all questions affecting the aristocracy." 
 Lon. GM>e. 
 
 The Extinct, Dormant, and Suspended Peerage, by J. 
 B., 1840, 8vo. Portrait Gallery of the Female Nobility, 
 by J. B., 2 vols. r. 8vo. Knightage of Great Britain, by 
 John Bernard Burke, new ed., 1841, 18mo. Anecdotes of 
 the Aristocracy, by J. B. B., 2 vols. p. 8vo, new ed., 1851. 
 " Mr. Burke has given us the most curious incidents, the most 
 stirring tales, and the most remarkable circumstances connected 
 with the histories, public and private, of our noble houses and aristo 
 cratic families. These stories, with all the reality of established 
 fact, read with as much spirit as the Tales of Boccaccio, and are as 
 full of strange matter for reflection and amazement." Britannia. 
 Armory of Great Britain and Ireland, by J. & J. B. B., 
 r. 8vo, new ed., 1847. 
 
 " The work professes to concentrate in one volume the materials 
 to be found in Guillim, Edmondson, and Nisbett, and to carry 
 down its information to the present year: in that the authors 
 have fully succeeded; but they have done more : in addition to a 
 Dictionary of Heraldry, the work may be designated a Dictionary 
 of Family History ; for there is hardly any house of note, whose 
 origin and descent are not deduced, so far at least as to justify the 
 adoption of the ensigns and quarterings which the family bears." 
 Lcm. Naval and Military Gazette. 
 
 It contains over 30,000 armorial bearings, and more 
 than the matter of four 4to vols. 
 
 Heraldic Illustrations, by J. & J. B. B., 3 vols. r. 8vo, 
 new ed., 1846. 
 
 " These are splendid volumes, comprising the armorial bearings 
 of we know not how many ancient families, beautifully embla 
 zoned, and accompanied by brief pedigrees. The work is as curi 
 ous as it is magnificent." Lon. Literary Gazette 
 
 Royal Families of Great Britain, by J. & J. B. B., 2 vols. 
 r. 8vo, 1851. Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the 
 Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland, for 1853, 
 containing particulars of upwards of 100,000 individuals, 
 by J. & J. B. B., 3 vols. r. 8vo ; new ed., by Sir B. B., 
 Pts. 1-3, 1855-57. Sir Bernard Burke has also pubs 
 Anecdotes of the Aristocracy, 1849-50, 4 vols. p. 8vo : 
 3d ed., 1855, 3 vols. p. 8vo ; Visitation of the Seats and 
 Arms of Noblemen, 1852-55, 2 vols. r. 8vo ; Family Ro 
 mance, 2d ed., 1854, 2 vols. p. 8vo ; Royal Descents and 
 Pedigrees of Founders' Kin, PL 1, 1855, r. 8vo; and 
 other works. 
 
 Burke, John French. The Dispensing Chemisi 
 and Medical Pupil's Assistant, 18ino. Farming for Ladies 
 The Muck Manual. Treatise on British Husbandry, 2 vols 
 8vo; with a Copious Supplement by Mr. Cuthbert W. John 
 son. The Supplement is pub. separately, under the title 
 of Modern Agricultural Improvements, 8vo. 
 
 Burke, Mrs. !L. To this lady we are indebted for 
 trans, of Madame Guizot's Moral Tales, Lon., 1852, 12mo 
 Burke, Peter. 1. Criminal Law and its Sentences 
 Lon., 1842, 4to ; 2d ed., 1847, 12mo. 2. Law of Internat 
 Copyright, 1842, 12mo. 3. Treat, on the Law of Copy 
 right, Lit., <fcc., 1842, 12mo. 4. New Act on Small Debts 
 1844, 12mo. 5. New County Court Acts ; 2d ed., 1847 
 12mo. 6. Celebrated Trials connected with the Aristo 
 cracy, 1848-51, 2 vols. 8vo. 7. Law of Internat. Copy 
 right between England and France, 1852, 12mo. 8. Supp 
 to Godson on Patents, <fcc., 1851, 8vo : see GODSON 
 RICHARD, M.P. 9. Patent-Law Amendment Act, 1852 
 8vo; 2d ed., 1857, 8vo. 10. Romance of the Forum, 1853 
 2 vols. p. 8vo; 2d Ser., 1854, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 11. Publi 
 and Domestic Life of Edmund Burke, 1853, cr. 8vo. 
 
 BUR 
 
 Burke, Richard. Charge to Grand Jury, 1798. 
 Burke, Thos. A., b. 1828, in Georgia. Polly Pea- 
 blossom's Wedding, 12mo, Phila. Political Fortune Tel 
 ler, N. Y. &c. 
 
 Burke, Thomas T. Temora; being specimens of 
 an intended versification of the Poems of Ossian, 1818. 
 Burke,W. The Armed Briton; a Play, 1806, 8vo. 
 Burke, William. Campaign of 1805 in Germany, 
 Italy, &c., 1806, 8vo. South American Independence, 
 1807, 8vo. Emancipation of Spanish America, 1807, 8vo. 
 Burke, William. A Greek and English Derivative 
 Dictionary, Lon., 1806, 12mo. 
 
 Burke, William, M.D. Remarks on the Mineral 
 prings of Virginia; 2d ed., Richmond, 1853, 12mo. 
 Burke, Wm., Surgeon. Popular Compend. of Anat., 
 Lon., 1804, 12mo. Intended to display the wisdom of the 
 )eity as evinced in the construction of the human body. 
 
 Burkhead, Henry, a merchant of Bristol, England, 
 emp. Charles I. Cola's Fury, or Lerinda's Misery ; a Tra 
 gedy, Kilken., 1646, 4to. The subject is the Irish re- 
 >ellion of October, 1641. 
 
 "In it he has characterized all the principal persons concerned 
 n the affairs of that time, under feigned names." Biog. Dramat. 
 Leriuda is an anagram from Ireland. 
 Burkitt, William, 1650-1703, a native of Hitcham, 
 Northamptonshire; admitted of Pembroke College, Cam- 
 >ridge, at 14 ; Vicar of Dedham, Essex, 1692. Expository 
 Notes, with Practical Observations, on the New Testament, 
 1739, fol.; several editions; new edit., Lon., 1833, 2 vols. 
 8vo. An abridgt. by Rev. Dr. Glasse, "the language 
 modernized and improved," Lon., 1806, 2 vols. 4to. An 
 bridgt. for the use of the poor, r. 8vo. 
 " lie has many schemes of old sermons; his sentiments vary in 
 different parts of his work, as the authors from whence he took 
 his materials were orthodox, or not." DR. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 "Both pious and practical, but not distinguished either by 
 depth of learning or judgment." DR. ADAM CLARKE. . 
 
 This deservedly popular work does not profess to discuss cri- 
 ical questions, but is very useful for the inferences it deduces from 
 the sacred text." T. H. HORNE. 
 
 Many good suggestions on texts, generally evangelical and 
 very useful." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 ' This is not a critical or in any respect a profound work." ORME. 
 Burkitt also wrote a Sermon, Discourse, &c., 1680-1705. 
 Burlace, Edmund. See BORLACE. 
 Burleigh, J. B., for many years a teacher in Balti 
 more. The American Manual, Phila., 1848, 12mo ; several 
 edits. The Legislative Guide, 8vo. The Thinker. Other 
 school-books. 
 
 Burleigh, Lord. See CECIL. 
 Burleigh, Richard. Assize Sermon, 1777, 4to. 
 Burleigh, William H., b. 1812, a native of Wood 
 stock, Conn., is a descendant on the mother's side of Gov. 
 Bradford, and a grandson of a soldier of the American Rev. 
 War. He has edited several journals, and written some 
 exquisite poetry. " She hath gone in the Spring Time of 
 Life," and "June," are among the best effusions of the 
 American Muse. For many years he contributed to the N. 
 Yorker. In 1840 a volume of his poems was pub. in Phila. 
 Burles,William. English Grammar, Lon.,1652,12mo. 
 Burley, or Burleigh, Walter, b. at Oxford, 1275, 
 the leader of the Nominalists, and principal opponent of 
 the Scotists, bore the titles of Doctor Planus and Per- 
 spicuus. He wrote some commentaries upon Aristotle, 
 1476, fol. ; Venet., 1482, fol. Liber de Vita ac Moribus 
 Philosophorurn Poetarumque Veterum, <fcc., circa ann. 
 1470, 4to ; an extremely scarce edition. For particulars 
 of the editions of his writings, see Watt's Bibl. Brit., and 
 Brunei's Manuel du Libraire et de 1'Amateur des Livres. 
 
 Burlz, Thomas. A Comfortable Treatise, sent to 
 all those who haue a longing desire for their saluation, 
 and yet knowe not how to attain thereto by reason of the 
 mischievous subtilitie of Sathan the arch enemy of man- 
 kinde, Lon., 8vo, sine anno. 
 
 Burman, Charles. Autobiographies of Elias Ash- 
 mole and William Lilly, Lon., 1717, '74, 8vo. 
 
 Burn, Lt. Colonel, of the R. A. Dictionary of 
 Naval and Military Technical Words and Phrases, Eng 
 lish and French, French and English, Lon., c. 8vo. 
 
 " I cannot conclude without acknowledging the great assistance 
 I have derived in this work from the Naval and Military Techni 
 cal Dictionary by Capt. Burn, R. A. ; a book of reference to which 
 I have never applied in vain." Elements of Naval Architecture, 
 by J. R. Strange, Com. S. N. 
 
 Burn, Andrew, Major-General in the Royal Ma 
 rines, d. 1814, a native of Scotland. The Christian Officer's 
 Complete Armour, 2d ed., Lon., 1806, 12mo : recommended 
 by Sir R. Hill. Who fares best, the Christian or the Mau 
 of the World? 1789, Svo. Two Witnesses, 1812, 8vo. 
 
BUR 
 
 BUR 
 
 Burn, Edward. Letters and Reply to Dr. Priestly, 
 1790, '92, 8vo. Pastoral Hints, 1801, 8vo. A Sermon, 
 1806, 8vo. 
 
 Burn, John. English Grammar, Glasg., 1766, 12mo. 
 
 Burn, John, son of Richard Burn, (vide post.) A 
 New Law Dictionary, by Richard Burn, LL.D., continued 
 to the present time, Lon., 1792, 2 vols. 8vo. The Justice 
 of the Peace and Parish Officer, by R. B., 18th edit., 1797- 
 
 1800, 4 vols. 8vo. Appendix to 17th edit., 1795, 8vo. 
 Burn, John Ilderton. Treatises on Insurances, 
 
 1801, 12mo. Stock Jobbing, Ac., 1803/04, '05, Svo. 
 Burn, John Southerden. Livres des Anglois a 
 
 Geneve, Lon., 1831, Svo. History of the Fleet Marriages ; 
 2d edit, Lon., 1834, Svo. 
 
 Burn, Richard, LL.D., 1720-1785, Chancellor of 
 the Diocese of Carlisle, a native of Winton, Westmoreland, 
 educated at Queen's College, Oxford, was rector of Orton 
 for 49 years. Justice of the Peace and Parish Officer, 
 Lon., 1755, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 The 29th edit, by M. B. Bere and T. Chitty, was pub. 
 Lon., 1845, 6 vols. Svo; Supplet to 1852, by E. Wise, 
 1852, Svo. Ecclesiastical Law, Lon., 1760, 2 vols. 4to : 
 9th edit, enlarged by R. Phillimore, Lon., 1842, 4 vol. Svo. 
 " Blackstone in his Commentaries mentions it as one of the very 
 few publications on the subject of Ecclesiastical Law on which the 
 reader can rely with certainty." 
 
 New Militia Law, 1762, 12mo. History of Poor Laws, 
 with Observations, 1764, Svo. 
 
 " One of the best publications that has appeared on the poor 
 laws." J. R. McCuLLOca. 
 
 History and Antiquities of Westmoreland and Cumber 
 land, in conjunction with Joseph Nicolson, Lon., 1771-77, 
 2vol. 4to. Discourses, selected and original, 1774, 4vol.8vo. 
 " A book to which young divines may, with great advantage, 
 apply for models of a strong, manly, dignified pulpit eloquence." 
 Ulackstone's Commentaries. 
 
 9th edit, 1783, 4 vols. Svo. New Law Dictionary. See 
 BURN, JOHN. 
 
 Burn, sometimes Burne, q. v. 
 
 Burnaby, Andrew, D.D., 1732-1812, a native of 
 Ashfordy, Leicestershire, was educated at Westminster 
 School, and Queen's College, Cambridge,- B. A., 1754; 
 M. A., 1757; Vicar of Greenwich, 1769; Archdeacon of 
 Leicester, 1786. Travels through the Middle Settlements 
 of N. America, 1759, '60, Lon., 1775, 4to. Sermons and 
 Charges ; various dates, repub. in 1 vol. Svo, 1805. 
 " Highly praised and valued both for matter and manner." 
 A Journal of a Tour to Corsica in 1766, <fcc., 1804. 
 Burnaby, E. A. The Question, Has the House of 
 Commons a right of Committal to Prison or not ? Con 
 sidered, 1810, Svo. 
 
 Burnap, George W., D.D., b. 1802, Merrimack, 
 N.H. ; grad. Harvard Coll., 1824 ; in 1827, succeeded Dr. 
 Sparks in the First Unitarian Church, Baltimore. 1. Lec 
 tures on the Doctrines of Controversy between Unitarians 
 and other Denominations of Christians, 1835. 2. On the 
 Sphere and Duties of Women, Bait, 1849, 12mo. 3. Lec 
 tures to Young Men on the Cultivation of the Mind, the 
 Formation of Character, and the Conduct of Life, Bait, 
 12mo, and Lon., r. Svo. 
 
 " We do not know of any work on the same subject of equal ex 
 cellence." ion. Apprentice. 
 
 4. Expository Lectures on the Principal Texts of the 
 Bible which relate to the Doctrine of the Trinity, 1845. 
 I. Popular Objections to Unitarian Christianity Con 
 sidered and Answered, 1848. 6. On the Rectitude of 
 Human Nature, 1850. 7. Christianity: its Essence and 
 Evidence, 1855. Other works. 
 
 Ilurnap, Jacob, 1748-1821, father of the preceding, 
 first minister of Merrimack, N.H., was a native of Reading, 
 Mass. He pub. an Oration on Independence, 1808, and sepa 
 rate serms., 1799, 1801, '06, '08, '09, '11, '15, '18, '19, '20. 
 
 Burnby, John. Poor Rates, 1780, Svo. Canterbury 
 Cathedral, <fcc., 1784, Svo. Freedom of Election, 1785, Svo. 
 Burne, James. The Man of Nature,! 773, 2 vols.!2mo. 
 Burne, Nicholas. The Disputation concerning the 
 Controversit Headdis of Religion, &c., Paris, 1581, Svo. 
 This is an account of the disputation between Burne, for 
 merly aCalvinist,and some ministers of the Kirk of Scotland. 
 Burnel,Henry. Landgartha; a Tragi-Comedy, Dubl . 
 1641, 4to. 
 
 Burnes, Sir Alexander, Lt Col., 1805-1841, an 
 eminent military officer and Oriental scholar, a native of 
 Montrose, made many important investigations relative to 
 the geography of the Indus, Ac. Journey to and Resi 
 dence in Cabool, Lon., Svo. Travels in Bokhara, 1831- 
 33, 3 vols. 12mo and 8vo. It is said that between 800 
 and 900 copies of this gentleman's work sold in a single 
 
 day. It was immediately trans, into German and French 
 Sir Alexander was assassinated at the insurrection at Ca 
 bool, November, 1841. 
 
 Burnes, James. History of the Knights Templars, 
 Edin., 4to. Visit to the Court of Sinde, and History of 
 Cutch, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 Burnet. A Vindication of Woodward's State of Physic, 
 Lon., 1719, Svo. 
 
 Burnet. Sermon on Matt xii. 32. 
 Burnet, Alexander, 1614-1684, a native of Peebles ; 
 Bishop of Aberdeen, 1663; Archbishop of Glasgow, 1664. 
 The Blessedness of the Dead that die in the Lord; being 
 a Funeral Sermon on the death of the Marquis of Mon 
 trose, from Rev. xiv. 13, Glasg., 1673, 4to. 
 
 Burnet, Elizabeth, 1661-1709, third wife of Bishop 
 Burnet, was a daughter of Sir Richard Blake, Knt At 
 18 she married Robert Berkeley, Esq., who died in 1693. 
 In 1700 she was united to Bishop Burnet, who had lost his 
 second wife two years previously. A Method for Devo 
 tion, or Rules for Holy and Devout Living ; 2d edit., Lon., 
 1709, Svo; 3d edit, 1715, Svo. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 Burnet, Gilbert, 1643-1715, a native of Edinburgh, 
 was sent at the age of ten to the University of Aberdeen, 
 where he took the degree of M.A. before he was 14. At 
 18 he was received as a probationer, and in 1665 was or 
 dained priest in the Episcopal Church, and presented to 
 the living of Saltoun. Two years previously he had visited 
 Holland, and applied himself to the study of Hebrew 
 under a learned Jew. In 1669 he became Professor of 
 Divinity in the University of Glasgow ; Chaplain to the 
 King, preacher at the Rolls, and lecturer of St. Clement's, 
 London, 1674, '05. In 1683 he attended Lord Russell to 
 the scaffold, and being suspected of disaffection, thought 
 it prudent to retire to Paris. It is to be recorded to his 
 honour, that although offered the Bishopric of Chich ester, 
 by Charles II., if he would embrace his cause, he refused 
 the overture, and wrote him a faithful letter, exhorting 
 him to reform his licentious life and impolitic measures. 
 
 "I told the king, I hoped the reflection on what had befallen 
 his father on the 30th of January, might move him to consider 
 these things more carefully." 
 
 He returned to England in 1685, but again fled to Paris 
 on the accession of James II. in the same year. He tra 
 velled for some time on the Continent, after which, at the 
 invitation of the Prince and Princess of Orange daugh 
 ter and son-in-law to James II. he took up his residence 
 at the Hague, and bore so prominent a share in the politi 
 cal counsels of the court, that James II. 
 
 "Ordered a prosecution of High Treason to be commenced 
 against him, and demanded his person from the States-general, 
 but without effect, as he had previously acquired the rights of 
 naturalization, by forming a union his first wife being dead 
 with a Dutch lady of large fortune named Scott." 
 
 The influence of Burnet in bringing about the Revolu 
 tion of 1688, and the accession of William and Mary, was 
 perhaps greater than that of any other person. He ac 
 companied William to England as his chaplain, and took 
 an active part in the settlement of the new government. 
 In 1689 the king offered him the Bishopric of Salisbury, 
 but with his usual disinterestedness he begged him to con 
 fer it on his old friend Dr. Lloyd. His majesty replied, 
 " I have another person in view," and next day nominated 
 Burnet to the see, to which was added subsequently the 
 Chancellorship of the Order of the Garter. The new bi 
 shop now zealously occupied himself with his literary and 
 official duties, leading a most industrious and useful life 
 until the year 1715, when he was attacked with a pleuritic 
 fever, which proved fatal on the 17th of March. The 
 bishop was a very voluminous writer : see list in Watt's 
 Bib. Brit, and Lowndes's Bibl. Manual. We notice a few 
 of his principal works : Memoirs of the Dukes of Hamil 
 ton, Lon., 1677, fol. ; last edit, Oxf., 1852, Svo. History 
 of the Reformation of the Church of England, vol. i. 1679, 
 fol. This publication was rewarded with an honour never 
 conferred before or since upon an author. He received the 
 thanks of Parliament, with a request that he would con 
 tinue his researches, and complete the work he had so well 
 commenced. The historian acquiesced : in 1681 he pub. 
 vol. ii., and in 1715 vol. iii., with supplement. 
 
 " His History of the Reformation had been received with loud 
 applause by all parties, and had been felt by the Koman Catholics 
 as a severe blow. The greatest Doctor that the Church of Rome 
 has produced since the schism of the 16th century, Bossuet, Bishop 
 of Meaux, was engaged in framing an elaborate reply." T. B. 
 MACAULAY : Hist, of England. 
 
 " In Bishop Burnet's History of the Church of England, you 
 will have a full view of the steps which our church took when she 
 reformed herself from the errors of Popery." DR. WOTTON. 
 
 " Burnet. in his immortal History of the Reformation, has fixed 
 the Protestant religion in this country as long as any religion re- 
 
BUR 
 
 BUR 
 
 mains among us. Burnet is, without doubt, the English Euse- j 
 bias." DR. APTHORPE. 
 
 " No cautions need be suggested before the perusal of the labori- i 
 ous work of this impartial and liberal Churchman, an ornament I 
 to his order, and who deserved the name of Christian." PROF. 
 SMYTH : Lectures on Mod. History. 
 
 " One of the most thoroughly digested books of the century." 
 PROF. SPALDING. 
 
 This work was speedily translated into several European 
 languages. In the continuation, Burnet had the valuable 
 assistance of Bishops Lloyd, Tillotson, and Stillingfleet. 
 The notes and preface of Dr. Nares in his edit, are valu 
 able, and Mr. G. L. Corrie's Abridgment (Oxf., 1847, 8vo) 
 will answer a useful purpose. An edit, was pub. in 1829, 
 Oxf., 7 vols. 8vo; and in 1850, Lon., 2 vols. imp. 8vo, il 
 lustrated with 44 portraits from Lodge, and by many valu- j 
 able notes. Before reading Burnet, Lenf'ant's History of 
 the Council of Constance, 1728, 2 vols. 4to, should be pe 
 rused. This is Burnet's own advice : 
 
 " I cannot recommend too highly Lenfant's History of the Coun 
 cil of Constance, in which the author has, with great care, given 
 a view of the state of the Church and Religion before the Reforma 
 tion, and should be read to prepare a man for reading ' my his 
 tory.' "Pref. la Hist. Jfeform. 
 Gibbon thus notices Lenfant : 
 
 " The Histories of the three successive Councils, Pisa, Constance, 
 and Basil, have been written with a tolerable degree of candour, 
 industry, and elegance, by a Protestant minister, M. Lenfant, who 
 retired from France to Berlin." 
 
 Burnet's work did not meet with universal commenda 
 tion : M. Le Grand, Varillas, and others in France, Lowth, 
 Wharton, and Hickes at home, opened their batteries upon 
 the stout prelate, who was but little disconcerted by such 
 assaults. Wharton allows it to have a reputation firmly 
 and deservedly established. Many errors which had crept 
 into preceding narrations were corrected by Burnet. 
 
 "The defects of Peter Heylyn's History of the Reformation are 
 abundantly supplied in our author's more complete history. He 
 gives a practical account of all the affairs of the Reformation, from 
 its beginning in the reign of Henry VIII. to its final establish 
 ment under Queen Elizabeth, A.D. 1559. And the whole is penned 
 in a masculine style, such as becomes an historian, and is the pro 
 perty of this author in all his writings. The collection of records 
 which he gives at the end of each volume, are good vouchers of 
 the truth of what he delivers in the body of the history, and are 
 much more perfect than could reasonably be expected, after the 
 pains taken in Queen Mary's days to suppress every thing that 
 carried the marks of the Reformation upon it." See Bishop Nicol- 
 son's Eng. Hist. Library. 
 
 The bishop increased his celebrity by the Lives of Ro 
 chester, 1680, 8vo, Hale, and Queen Mary, (including 
 Rochester,) 1682, 2 vols. 8vo, and Bishop Bedell, 1685, 
 8vo. He pub. some other valuable biographical sketches, 
 and the reader is referred to his Lives and Characters, in 
 cluding Hale, Rochester, Boyle, Leighton, <fcc., edited, with 
 an introduction, by Bishop Jebb, Lon., 1833, 8vo. This vol. 
 also contains Five Unpublished Letters, by Anne, Countess 
 Dowager of Rochester, and Burnet's Address to Posterity. 
 "Bishop Burnet's short but exquisite Address to Posterity will 
 be read and re-read, with fresh improvement and deli"ht, as 
 long as the English language lasts. 
 
 The interesting incidents connected with the Conversion 
 of the Earl of Rochester, through the instrumentality of 
 Burnet, are well known. 
 
 "The life of Rochester is a work which the critic ought to read 
 for its elegance, the philosopher for its arguments, and the sain,t 
 for its piety." DR. SAMUEL JOHNSON. 
 
 In 1683 he pub. a trans, from the original Latin (1551) 
 of Sir Thomas More's Utopia. In 1692, 4to, appeared his 
 celebrated Discourse of the Pastoral Care, which is con 
 sidered by some the best of his writings. The 3d edit., 
 1713, has a valuable preface added : an edit, was pub. in 
 1821, 12mo. An enlarged edit, of his History of the Reign 
 of King James the Second was pub. at Oxf., 1852, 8vo. 
 His Exposition of the XXXIX. Articles of the Church of | 
 England appeared in 1699, fol. Of this work there have 
 been numerous editions. 
 
 " The good bishop seems to be so attentive to the various and 
 contradictory opinions of others in the several Articles, that you 
 are often at a loss to find his own." DR. WILLIAMS. 
 
 "The work contains much information, and candour: perhaps 
 pursued to a blamable excess." Bickersteth's Cliristian Student. 
 And see chap. xi. in that work. 
 
 The Exposition of the Articles is highly commended by 
 Archbishops Tillotson, Tenison, and Sharp; Bishops Stil 
 lingfleet, Patrick, Lloyd, Hall, Williams, and other au 
 thorities. The Rev. J. R. Page has pub. an edit, with a 
 valuable Appendix, Notes, and Additional References, 
 Lon., 1843, 8vo. 
 
 " The editor has given to our clergy and oar students in theo 
 logy an edition of this work, which must necessarily supersede 
 every other; and we feel he deserves well at the hands of the 
 church which he has so materially served." Cfiurch of England 
 Quarterly ffeview. 
 " The valuable references, notes, and indices, which accompany 
 
 this edition, give it a vast superiority over every other." BISHOP 
 OF WINCHESTER. 
 
 " Though Burnet's work may have peculiar attractions to an 
 Episcopalian as an exposition of his articles of faith, yet as a trea 
 sury of Biblical and theological knowledge, it is alike valuable to 
 Christians of every communion." Lon. Christian Observer. 
 
 The celebrated History of his Own Times was left in 
 MS. at his death, with orders that it should not be pub. 
 until six years after, when it was given to the world with 
 out alteration. The first volume, however, did not appear 
 until 1724, and the 2d was delayed until 1734. The work 
 was pub. by his son Thomas. This interesting work has 
 been much abused by the Tories, and it has been a con 
 venient target for the wits of such critics as Swift, Pope, 
 Arbuthnot, and others. The last attempted a parody under 
 the title of Memoirs of P. P., Clerk of this Parish. Dr. 
 Flexman, pub. an edit, of the Bishop's Own Times, with 
 Notes, <fcc., in 1753, 6 vols. 8vo. An edit, was pub. at Ox 
 ford, 1833, 6 vols. 8vo, and the last edit, appeared in 1847, 
 Lon., 2 vols. imp? 8vo, with Hist, and Biog. Notes, and 51 
 portraits. Such men as the wits just named can bring any 
 writer into ridicule, but to impugn literary integrity is a 
 more difficult matter. We may venture something, but we 
 are willing to incur the risk, when we avow the opinion 
 that Burnet is one of the most veracious chroniclers in the 
 language. It was the freedom of its strictures upon certain 
 pet characters that excited the satire of Pope and the ridi 
 cule of Arbuthnot. As for the terms "Silly Puppy," 
 "Scotch Dog," "Canting Puppy," and such other ele 
 gancies of the kennel, of which Swift was so accomplished 
 a master, we doubt if they disturb the manes of the worthy 
 prelate. It is an everyday thing to find a writer of some 
 centuries' standing accused of prejudice, misrepresentation, 
 misconception, &c. ; but how ^a critic, who lives two or 
 three hundred years after a certain occurrence has trans 
 pired, can understand it so much better than an eye or 
 ear-witness, we are too dull to discern. Dr. Johnson's 
 opinion, as recorded by Bos well, will serve as an instance 
 though much less condemnatory than many of what 
 we refer to : 
 
 "Burnet's History of his Own Times is very entertaining. The 
 style, indeed, is mere chit-chat. I do not believe that Burnet in 
 tentionally lied; but he was so much prejudiced, that he took no 
 pains to find out the truth. He was like a man who resolves to 
 regulate his time by a certain watch; but will not inquire whether 
 the watch is right or not." 
 
 One might suppose that the doctor had roomed with the 
 bishop, at least : he seems to be so perfectly informed as 
 to his habits. 
 
 Professor Smyth is disposed to do our author more jus 
 tice than he has generally had accorded to him : 
 
 " Whatever he reports himself to have heard or seen, the reader 
 may be assured he really did hear or see. But we must receive 
 his representations and conclusions with that caution which must 
 ever be observed when we listen to the relation of a warm and 
 busy partisan, whatever be his natural integrity and good sense. 
 He is often censured, and sometimes corrected; but the feet seems 
 to be, that, without his original, and certainly honest, account, 
 we should know little about the wants and affairs he professes to 
 explain. Many of the writers who are not very willing to receive 
 his assistance, would be totally at a loss without it." Leets.on 
 Modern History. 
 
 We are glad to see that our (for, although American- 
 born, we claim all the meritorious English authors as ours) 
 latest historical commentator, Mr. Macaulay, defends the 
 bishop against his accusers : 
 
 " It is usual tq censure Burnet as a singularly inaccurate his 
 torian, but I believe the Charge to be altogether unjust. He ap 
 pears to be singularly inaccurate only because his narrative has 
 been subjected to a scrutiny singularly severe and unfriendly. 
 If any Whig thought it worth while to subject Reresby's Memoirs, 
 North's Examen, Mulgrave's Account of the Revolution, or the 
 Life of James the Second, edited by Clarke, to a similar scrutiny, 
 it would soon appear that Burnet was indeed far from being the 
 most inexact writer of his time." Hist, of England. 
 
 Horace Walpole considers that the bishop's credulity, as 
 he styles it, is a proof of his honesty, and pays a deserved 
 compliment to the easy flow of his narrative : 
 
 "It seems as if he had just come from the King's closet, or from 
 the apartment of the man whom he describes, and was telling his 
 reader, in plain terms, what he had seen and heard." 
 
 Charles Lamb bears testimony to the same effect : 
 
 " I am reading Burnet's Own Times. Did you ever read that 
 garrulous, pleasant history? full of scandal, which all true history 
 is ; no palliatives, but all the stark wickedness that actually gives 
 the momentum to national actors : none of that cursed Humeian 
 indifference so cold, and unnatural, and inhuman," &c. Letters. 
 
 As an extempore preacher the bishop was so happy, that 
 his congregation dreaded his "finally" as much as his 
 severest official reprehension. Sir John Jekyl told Speaker 
 Onslow, that one day when he was present, and the worthy 
 prelate had "preached out the hour-glass" before he had 
 finished his subject, "he took it up, and held it aloft in 
 his hand, and then turned it up for another hour ; upon 
 
BUR 
 
 BUR 
 
 which the audience a very large one for the place set 
 up almost a shout for joy.** 
 
 We mean no irreverence to the clergy when we remark 
 that one " hour-glass" is as much as a modern congrega 
 tion consider themselves entitled to claim. 
 
 As a parish priest, as well as a diocesan, Burnet was 
 most exemplary. He wrote well upon the Pastoral Care, 
 but he did better, he was the constant exemplar of his 
 own precepts. We give a specimen of his "manner of 
 life :" 
 
 " During the five years he remained at Saltoun, he preached 
 twice every Sunday, and once on one of the week-days: he cate 
 chized three times a week, so as to examine every parishioner, old 
 or young, three times in the course of a year : he went round the 
 parish from house to house, instructing, reproving, or comforting 
 them, as occasion required: the sick he visited twice a day: he 
 personally instructed all such as gave notice of their intention to 
 receive the communion." Life, by his son, Thomas Burnd, in Hist. 
 Own Times. 
 
 His indifference for preferment, "his degrading him 
 self into the lowest and most painful duties of his calling," 
 that he might go about doing good, are highly extolled by 
 a competent witness, the Marquis of Halifax. In truth, 
 both the Church and the State are under such deep obli 
 gations to the exertions of Bishop Burnet, as a clergyman 
 and as a statesman, that it ill becomes Englishmen to treat 
 his memory with either injustice or indifference. See Biog. 
 Brit, j Swift's Works ; Granger's Letters ; Laing's Hist, of 
 Scotland ; Birch's Tillotson ; Burnet's Reform., 1850 ; Own 
 Times, 1847. 
 
 Unmet, Gilbert, the bishop's second son, educated 
 at Merton College, Oxford, and at Leyden, was chaplain 
 to George I. : he died early in life. An Abridgt. of vol. 
 iii. of his father's Hist, of the Reformation, 1719. The 
 Generation of the Son of God, 1720, 8vo. He espoused 
 the cause of Hoadly in thfe Bangorian controversy, and 
 wrote three pieces on the occasion, 1718, <fcc. He was a 
 contributor to the Free-thinker, (collected in 3 vols. 12mo,) 
 and perhaps to Hibernicus's Letters, 1725, '26, '27. 
 
 Burnet, Gilbert, d. 1746, aged 48, Vicar of Coggeshall, 
 Essex, and Minister of St. James's, Clerkenwell, abridged 
 the 3 fol. vols. of the Boyle Lectures in 4 vols. 8vo, Lon., 
 1737. Practical Sermons, Lon., 1747, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " His sermons are written in an agreeable, instructive, and prac 
 tical manner ; displaying solid reasoning, true piety, and unaffected 
 charity." 
 
 Burnet, Jacob, an American. Notes on the Early 
 Settlement of the North Western Territory, 8vo. 
 
 "To all who feel an interest in the destinies of the Western 
 Country, this book supplies the elements from which a correct 
 judgment may be formed, not only of its past history, but also of 
 its probable position, in an intellectual and moral point of view. 
 For it is only by considering what a nation has been, that any cor 
 rect idea can be gained concerning what it is likely to be." 
 
 Burnet, James, Lord Monboddo, 1714-1799, a na 
 tive of Kincardineshire, Scotland, was educated at King's 
 College, Aberdeen, and studied Civil Law at Groningen, 
 Holland. He was distinguished rather for profound than 
 useful learning. In 1764 he was appointed Sheriff of Kin 
 cardineshire, and in 1767 he succeeded Lord Milton as a 
 Lord of Session. The Origin and Progress of Language, 
 Edin., 1773, 6 vols. 8vo. His lordship was as much ena 
 moured of the ancients especially the Greeks as ever 
 was the Doctor in Peregrine Pickle. The above-named 
 work was intended to settle the question as to the superi 
 ority of his favourite ancients over a degenerate posterity. 
 It was not successful. 
 
 " Nothing, it was said, but the strange absurdity of his opinions, 
 could have hindered his book from falling dead-born from the press. 
 Dr. Johnson often ridiculed the peculiar notions enter 
 tained by Monboddo ; though, by-the-by, there were some 
 points of similarity between them, for Foote calls "Mon 
 boddo an Elzevir edition of Johnson." When the author 
 of Rasselas paid the modern Greek a visit, the latter pointed 
 to the Douglas Arms in his house; "In such houses,' 
 said^he, " our ancestors lived, who were better men than 
 we." " No, no, my lord," said Johnson : " we are as strong 
 as they, and a great deal wiser." Monboddo was an advo 
 cate of the superiority of the savage state : he considered 
 that men were originally monkeys, and that a nation stil 
 existed with tails. 
 
 "Dr. Johnson attacked Lord Monboddo's strange speculation on 
 the primitive state of human nature. ' Sir, it is all conjecture 
 about a thing useless, even were it known to be true. Knowledge 
 of all kinds is good. Conjecture, as to things useful, is good ; bu 
 conjecture as to what would be useless to know, such as whethe 
 men went upon all fours, is very idle. ... It is a pity to see Lore 
 Monboddo publish such notions as he has done; a man of sense 
 and of so much elegant learning. There would be little in a fool 
 doing it; we should only laugh : but when a wise man does it, we 
 are sorry. [Monboddo had written a preface to the trans, of Con- 
 damine's Account of the Savage Girl.] Other people have strange 
 298 
 
 notions; but they conceal them. If they have tails [alluding to 
 flonboddo's theory of the originally tailed-state of man] they hide 
 hem ; but Monboddo is as jealous of his tail as a squirrel.' " Bos- 
 well's Johnson. 
 
 When Sir Joseph Banks returned from Botany Bay, Monboddo 
 nquired after the long-tailed men, and, according to Johnson, was 
 not pleased that they had not been found in all his peregrinations." 
 The Origin and Progress of Language was intended to 
 vindicate the honour of Grecian literature : to properly set 
 "orth the excellencies of the Grecian philosophy, he pub. 
 his Ancient Metaphysics, or the Science of Universals, with 
 an Examination of Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophy, Edin., 
 1779-99, 6 vols. 4to. 
 
 " This work evinces, like the other, his extravagant fondness for 
 recian learning and philosophy, and his scorn for all that was mo 
 dern. It proves, that, though versed in the science of Aristotle and 
 Plato, he knew not, for want of a sufficient acquaintance with mo 
 dern literature, how to explain that science to his contemporaries." 
 We think that there is great weight in Bacon's remark 
 that the early age of the world cannot properly be called 
 its antiquity. The latter ages are really the antiquity of 
 the world. The remark will be found somewhere in the 
 Advancement of Learning. 
 
 Burnet, John, b. 1784, at Fisherrow, near Edin 
 burgh, a distinguished engraver and writer on Art. Prac 
 tical Treatise on Painting, 1822-27, 4to : pub. orig. in 
 three parts. Hints on Composition, Light and Shade, and 
 Colour. Essay on the Education of the Eye in Reference 
 to Painting, 1837, 4to. Illustrated edition of Sir Joshua 
 Reynolds's Lectures on Painting, with Valuable Notes by 
 the editor, Ac. : 12 plates after the Great Masters ; new 
 ed., 1842, 4to. Practical Essays on Various Branches of 
 the Fine Arts, 1848, 12mo. Landscape-Painting in Oil 
 Colours, 1849, 4to. Rembrandt and his Works, 1849, 4to. 
 Practical Hints in Portrait-Painting, 1850, 4to. Life and 
 Works of J. M. W. Turner, 1852, 4to: written in conjunc 
 tion with Mr. P. Cunningham. Progress of a Painter, 
 1854, 4to. These works are illustrated by numerous en 
 gravings drawn and executed by Mr. B. 
 
 Burnet, Matthias, D.D., d. 1806, aged about 55, an 
 Episcopal minister at Norwalk, Connecticut, graduated at 
 Princeton in 1764. He pub. Reflections upon the Season 
 of Harvest, and two .sermons in Amer. Preacher, ii., iii. 
 
 Burnet, Thomas, 1635-1715, a native of Croft, York 
 shire, entered Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1651; removed to 
 Christ's College, 1654; Fellow, 1657; Master of the Char 
 ter-house, by the Duke of Ormond's influence, 1685. He 
 gained great distinction by the following work : Telluris 
 theoria sacra : orbis nostri originem et mutationes generales 
 quas aut jam eubiit, aut olim subiturus est, complectens. 
 Libri duo priores de Diluvio et Paradise, Lon., 1681, 4to. 
 Libri duo posteriores, de conflagratione mundi et de futuro 
 rerum statu, 1689, 4to, that is the English reader will un 
 derstand the first two books treat of the Deluge and 
 Paradise; the last two, of the burning of the World and 
 the New Heavens and New Earth. This work met with 
 much applause, and even Charles II. forgot his dogs and 
 ladies long enough to give it an inspection, which amply 
 rewarded his pains. The author was thus encouraged to 
 translate it into English. He pub. the first two books 
 The Sacred Theory of the Earth, &c. in 1684, fol., with 
 a dedication to Charles II., and the last in 1689, with a 
 dedication to Queen Mary. The English version is by no 
 means an exact transcript of the original ; there are addi 
 tions, abridgments, and alterations. The references to 
 patristic literature are much fuller in the Latin than in the 
 English. As regards ingenuity of hypothesis and majesty 
 of style, the work is beyond praise; as a philosophical sys 
 tem, it is beneath criticism. Geological data, and the first 
 principles of scriptural exegesis, are entirely neglected^ by 
 our fanciful theorist. Addison complimented the author 
 in a Latin ode, (in 1669,) which has been prefixed to some 
 editions of the commended work, in which he addresses 
 him in the most nattering terms : 
 
 "Opectusingens! animum gravem, 
 Mundi capacem! Si bonos auguror, 
 Te, nostra quo tellus superbit, 
 Accipet renovata civem." 
 
 Dr. Warton ranks Burnet with the few in whom the three 
 great faculties of the understanding, viz. : judgment, ima 
 gination, and memory have been found united; and he 
 considers him to have displayed an imagination very nearly 
 equal to that of Milton. On the other hand, Warren, Keill, 
 Croft, and Whiston attacked his errors; and Flamstead is 
 reputed to have told the author that "there went more to 
 the making of a world than a fine-turned period, and that 
 he was able to overthrow the theory in one sheet of paper. 
 There are certainly grave errors put forth by Burnet, which 
 I we need not specify here. The literary excellence of the 
 
BUR 
 
 Theory has been acknowledged even by those who most 
 strongly condemned its assumptions. Keill tells us 
 
 ''For as I believe never was any book fuller of errors and mis 
 takes in PhUosophy, so none ever abounded with more beautiful 
 scenes and TurpSg images of nature. But I write only to those 
 
 wo ;Xt ssasri^^ thS 
 
 entertainment." 
 
 But Keill treats the author with much severity in other 
 parts of his Examination. 
 
 P Apart from his mistakes, his works contain some things rela1> 
 ing to the Sc-riptures worth reading; while the reader ought to be 
 on his guard against their sophistry and skepticism."-Onne 
 
 In 1727 12 years after his death, appeared De Fide et 
 Officiis Christianorum, and De Statu Mortuorum et Resur- 
 gentium, the last advocating the doctrine of the Millennium, 
 and the limited duration of Future Punishment. Burnet 
 had a few copies privately printed, but had no intention 
 of publishing a work which he knew would elicit much 
 censure. Imperfect copies, however, got into circulation, 
 and Burnet's friend Wilkinson determined to publish a 
 correct edition. In a 2d edit, pub. in 1733, an addition 
 was made to the last-named piece, entitled De futura Ju- 
 dseorum restauratione, taken from Burnet's MSS. He is 
 also said to have been the author of three pieces pub. with 
 out his name under the title of Remarks upon an Essay 
 concerning Human Understanding ; the first two pub. in 
 1697, the last in 1699, which Remarks met with a response 
 by Mrs. Catherine Trotter (afterwards Cockburn) in her 
 Defence of Locke's Essay, 1702, written when Mrs. Trot 
 ter was but twenty-three years of age. It is to be re 
 gretted that Burnet's judgment was so much inferior to 
 his imagination. His Sacred Theory of the Earth is 
 
 " A splendid example of erroneous views in philosophy." Edin 
 
 ofthe author's peculiarities have tended to discredi 
 other scriptural doctrines which he supported." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 "His sentiments are far from orthodox on many points. Hi 
 considered the Mosaic account of the Fall, a pious allegory; ori 
 pnal sin, a fiction; and he doubted the resurrection of the sami 
 body, and the eternity of future punishment." ORME. 
 
 His works are now much neglected, although when firs 
 published 
 
 " The novelty of his ideas, the perspicuity and elegance of hif 
 style, recommended his works to the attention of the learned." 
 JfyfisJd's Philosophy. 
 
 Burnet, Thomas, D.D., d. 1750, Rector of Wes 
 Kingston, and Prebendary of Sarum, was educated a 
 New College, Oxford. Essay upon Government, Lon. 
 1726, 8vo. Answer to Tindal's Christianity as old as the 
 Creation. Treatise on Scriptural Politics. Sermons, 1722 
 '26. 16 Sermons preached at Boyle's Lecture, Lon., 1726 
 2 vols. 8vo. An Essay on the Trinity. This is a very cu 
 rious dissertation. 
 
 Burnet, Thomas, M.D., Physician in Ordinary t< 
 the King, and brother to Bishop Burnet. Thesaurus Me 
 dicina) Practicse, etc., Lon., 1673, 4to; best edit., with the 
 author's last corrections, Geneva, 1698, 4to. Haller enu 
 merates 12 edits, printed in England and on the Conti 
 nent. Hippocrates contractus, etc., Edin., 1685, 8vo ; Lon. 
 1686, Svo: Vien., 1737, 8vo; Venet,, 1751, Svo; Strasburg 
 1765. Of Dr. Burnet's life no particulars are known. 
 
 Burnet, Thomas, d. 1753, nephew of the above, an 
 third and youngest son of Bishop Burnet, was educate 
 at Merton College, after leaving which he became a stu 
 dent of the Temple. The abstruse mysteries of La' 
 pleased him less than "good company," and he was in 
 fair way to be ruined when he took a determination t 
 change his course. His father, one day, observing his un 
 usually grave countenance, asked him what he was med 
 tating ? "A greater work," replied the son, " than you 
 lordship's History of the Reformation." " What is that 
 Tom ?" " My own reformation, my lord." " I shall b 
 heartily glad to see it," responded the father, " but almos 
 despair of it." Now we may pardon the bishop's incre 
 dulity, when we are informed that the scapegrace wa 
 suspected of being one of the wild " Mohocks" of whom w 
 read so much in the Spectator. Swift tells Stella, 
 
 " Young Davenant tells us how he was set upon by the Mohock 
 and how they ran his chair through with a sword. It is not sa 
 being in the streets at night. The Bishop of Salisbury's son 
 said to be of the gang. They are all Whigs." 
 
 Yet the young man was better even than his word, h 
 not only thought of reforming he reformed, and becam 
 one of the most prominent lawyers of his day, and i 
 1741 was made a Justice of the Court of Common Plea 
 We have already referred to his having published his fa 
 ther's History of his Own Times, and he gave to the wor 
 some political pamphlets, A Letter to the People, Ou 
 Ancestors as wise as we, <fcc., and a vol. of his poem 
 
 BUR 
 
 as pub. in 1777. He incurred the displeasure of Pope by 
 travesty of the first book of the Iliad. Of course, he 
 as pub. in the Dunciad, which pillory would always hold 
 ne more offender. 
 
 Burnet, Thomas. The Sweets of Solitude, and 
 ther Poems, 1807, 12mo. 
 
 Burnet, William, 1688-1729, eldest son of Bishop 
 Jurnet, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and 
 t Leyden. He was one of the many dupes of the South 
 lea scheme. In 1720 he was appointed Governor of New 
 'ork, and was transferred to the government of Massa- 
 husetts and New Hampshire in 1728. He contributed to 
 Phil. Trans., and pub. an Essay on Scripture Prophecy, 
 
 724 
 
 He attempted to explain the three periods contained in the 
 welfth chapter of Daniel, with arguments to prove that the first 
 )eriod expired in 1715." , 
 
 An interesting account of Governor Burnet will be iound 
 n Allen's American Biog. Diet. 
 
 Bnrnet, William, M.D. Mediterranean Fever, Lon., 
 
 Burnett, Andrew. Thanksgiving Sermon, 1696, 4to. 
 
 Burnett, Charles M. Insanity tested by Science, 
 Lon., 1848, Svo. Philosophy of Spirits in relation to Mat 
 ter, 1850, Svo. The Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of 
 God as displayed in the Animal Creation, 1838, Svo. 
 
 " Admirably adapted to lead the mind to knowledge of a very 
 valuable and extensive order." ion. Literary Gazette, 
 
 Burnett,George. English and Latin Poems,1809,8vo. 
 
 Burnett, George, d. 1811, educated at Baliol College, 
 Oxford. Introduction to Mavor's Universal History, Lon., 
 1802, <fcc., 25 vols. Svo. A View of the Present State of 
 Poland, 1807, 12mo. 
 
 " The ingenuousness of the author secures to him the confidence 
 of his readers, while the fairness of his narrative, the flow of his 
 style and the liberality and good sense which distinguish his re 
 marks, render the perusal of his work highly gratifying. We ren 
 der this little volume very moderate justice when we state that it 
 exceeds in interest and value many larger works penned under 
 circumstances more auspicious." Lnn. Monthly Review. 
 
 Specimens of English Prose Writers, Lon., 1807, 3 vols. 
 Bvo. 
 
 " We regard these volumes as worthy of no small commenda 
 tion, and to all who are interested in the progress of their mother- 
 tongue we cheerfully recommend a perusal of them." London 
 Monthly Rev. 
 
 These specimens, if reprinted in a royal Svo vol., would 
 amply reward, we think, the enterprise of the publishers. 
 They form a fitting companion to Ellis's Specimens of Early 
 English Poetry ; 5th edit., Lon., 1845, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Burnett, Gilbert T., 1800-1835, a lineal descend 
 ant of Bishop Burnet, (he added a t to the patronymic,) 
 was Professor of Botany in King's College, London, to the 
 Royal Institution, the Company of Apothecaries, and to 
 the Medico-Botanical Society. He was also a member of 
 the Royal College of Surgeons, associate editor of the 
 London Medical and Surgical Journal, editor of Dr. Ste- 
 phenson and Mr. Churchill's Medical Botany, 3 vols. 8vo, a 
 contributor to several medical journals, and pub. Outlines 
 of Botany, 1835, Svo. His sister, Miss M. A. Burnett, has 
 published from his MSS., Illustrations of Useful Plants 
 employed in the Arts and Medicine, 126 Nos. 1842-49, 4to. 
 The drawings and colouring of the plates are the work of 
 this accomplished lady. Stephenson and Churchill's Me 
 dical Botany is a most valuable work. 
 
 " The most complete and comprehensive work on Medical Bo 
 tany." Lon. Pharmaceutical Journal. 
 
 Burnett, John, 1764-1810, a Scotch lawyer, sheriff 
 of the shire of Haddington, 1803, Judge-admiral of Scot 
 land, 1810, prepared a Treatise on the various branches 
 of the Criminal Law of Scotland, which was in the press 
 at the time of his death. It was pub. in 1811, Edin., 4to. 
 
 " Burnett's Criminal Law is admitted to be, in many points of 
 view, imperfect and unsatisfactory ; but it is remarkable as having 
 been one of the earliest serious attempts to form a collection of 
 decisions. Though he is looked at by the Bench with some dis 
 trust, yet his excellencies are manifold, and are more seldom quoted 
 than his errors, because the former have now become part of our 
 consuetudinary practice." Law Journal. 
 
 Burnett, John. Two Sermons, 1774, Svo. . 
 
 Burnett, Miss M. A. See BURNETT, GILBERT T. 
 
 Burnett, Thomas. The British Bulwark, Lon., 
 1715, 12rno. Second Tale of a Tub; or the Hist, of 
 Robert Powel, 1715, Svo ; a satire on Sir Robert Walpole, 
 ascribed to Thomas Duffet. 
 
 Burnett, Waldo Irving, 1828-1854, b. at Southboro', 
 Massachusetts. A distinguished scientific writer. His 
 various papers may be found in the Journal of the Boston 
 Society of Nat. History ; in the Memoirs of the American 
 Academy of Arts and Sciences; American Journal of 
 Science ; Boston Med. and Surg. Journal j and Am. Journal 
 
BUR 
 
 BUR 
 
 of Med. Sci. Comparative Anat. of Siebold and Stannius, 
 vol. i. 8vo. Ably translated from the German, with addi 
 tions. 
 
 Burney, Caroline. Seraphina ; a Novel, 1809, 3 vols. 
 
 Burney, Charles, Mus. Doc., 1726-1814, a native of 
 Shrewsbury, was educated at the free school there, and at 
 the public school of Chester. His musical talent was de 
 veloped under the instruction of the celebrated Dr. Arne. 
 In 1749 he was elected organist of a church in London, 
 and afterwards he officiated in the same capacity at Lynn, 
 when with Dr. Arne he composed the music of three 
 pieces for Drury Lane Theatre, Alfred, Robin Hood, and 
 Queen Mab. In 1766 he brought forward at Drury Lane, 
 The Cunning Man, from Rousseau's Devin du Village, and 
 adapted to his (R.'s) music. In 1769 he received from 
 Oxford the degree of Doctor of Music. In 1770 he tra 
 velled on the Continent to procure materials for his Gene 
 ral History of Music : of his excursions he pub. an ac 
 count, entitled The Present State of Music in France and 
 Italy, Ac. in 1771, 8vo ; 2d. edit., 1774, 8voj and in 1773, 
 2 vols. 8vo, appeared The Present State of Music in Ger 
 many, Ac. Joel Collier burlesqued this work in his Mu- 
 gical Travels through England, Lon., 1776, 8vo. Johnson 
 remarked, when referring to the composition of his Tour 
 to the Hebrides, 
 
 " I had the musical tour of that clever dog Burney in my eye." 
 
 The General History of Music from the earliest ages to 
 the present period, to which is prefixed a Dissertation on 
 the Music of the Ancients, appeared in 4 vols. 4to, Lon., 
 1776-89. Sir John Hawkins's work on the same subject 
 was pub. complete in 5 vols. 4to, in the same year in which 
 the 1st vol. of Burney's History made its appearance 
 1776. We find the following comparison of their merits 
 in the Harmonicon : 
 
 " Have you read Sir John Hawkins's History ? 
 Some folks think it quite a mystery ; 
 Both I have, and I aver 
 That Burney's History I prefer." 
 
 The Monthly Reviewers, whose smile was joy, and 
 whose frown was death, to many a trembling author of 
 the last century, give the preference altogether to Burney : 
 " To Dr. B. the praise is justly due, of having first begun to 
 supply, in a masterly and able manner, a vacuity in our English 
 literature. The literal vacancy, indeed, on the shelves of a library 
 was filled by another History of Music before this was compiled: 
 but the work before us, we hesitate not to pronounce, is the only 
 one yet produced of its kind, in our own, and. we believe, in any, 
 language, that can be read with satisfaction by real judges of the 
 subject: the only one, in which they will find any thing approach 
 ing to an union of all the requisites of a good musical historian : 
 a thorough knowledge of the subject; a sound and unprejudiced 
 judgment ; criticism equally supported by science and by taste, 
 and much authentic and original information, rendered more in 
 teresting by a certain amenity, which is the general character of 
 Dr. B.'s manner of writing, and which may best be defined, as the 
 diametrical opposite to every thing that we call dull and dry. We 
 do not recollect any literary undertaking, of equal labour both in 
 research and execution, where that labour is more apparent to 
 the reader, when he considers the work, or less evident while he 
 reads it." 
 
 This last compliment is one of the most graceful which 
 we remember. One of Burney's biographers remarks : 
 
 " Between the two rival histories, the public decision was loud 
 and immediate in favour of Dr. Burney. Time has modified this 
 opinion, and brought the merits of each work to their fair and 
 proper level, and adjudging to Burney the palm of style, ar 
 rangement, and amusing narrative, and to Hawkins the credit of 
 minuter accuracy and deeper research; more particularly in the 
 points interesting to the antiquary, and the literary world in 
 general." 
 
 Dr. Busby pub. in 1819 a General History of Music, 
 abridged from the works of Burney and Hawkins, in 2 
 vols. 8vo. Dr. Johnson interested himself in assisting the 
 researches of his friend, the Musical Doctor. He writes 
 to Dr. Wheeler, Nov. 2, 1778, 
 
 " Dr. Burney who brings this paper is engaged in a History of 
 Music, and having been told by Dr. Markham of some MSS. relat- 
 ig to his subject, which are in the library of your college, [Tri 
 nity,] is desirous to examine them. He 5s mv friend : and, there 
 fore. I take the liberty of entreating your favour and assistance in 
 ?,w v * L ^i", aS \ Ure y u ' **** & reat confidence, that if you 
 Sn thJ kl A W U , not Want any n tervenlent solicitation to ob- 
 l?ve them " One Wb loves virtue and learning as you 
 
 On the same occasion, he invokes the good offices of 
 Dr. Edwards in behalf of Burney 
 
 The bearer, Dr Burney. has had some account of a Welsh 
 manuscript in the Bodleian library, from which he hope* to Sin 
 some materials for his History of Music; but being Kranfo? 
 the language, is at a loss where to find assistance "l make no 
 doubt but you, sir, can help him throu-h his difficulties and 
 therefore, take the liberty of recommending him to your favour' 
 as I am sure you will find him a man worthy of every civility that 
 can be shown, and every benefit that can be" conferred " See l?os 
 well's Life of Johnson. 
 
 The energy and industry with which Burney pursued 
 his laborious undertaking, merit warm commendation. 
 The four massive volumes were the product, he tells us, 
 " of moments stolen from sleep, from reflection, and from 
 an occupation which required all the author's attention 
 during more than twelve hours a day, for a great part of 
 the year." See preface to the General History of Music. 
 
 The Commemoration of Handel was celebrated at West 
 minster Abbey in 1782, and at the request of the Earl of 
 Sandwich, Burney drew up a history of this occurrence, 
 entitled An Account of the Musical Performances in West 
 minster Abbey and the Pantheon, in Commemoration of 
 Handel, Lon., 1785, 4to. In 1789 his distinguished friend, 
 Edmund Burke, procured for him the situation of organist 
 of Chelsea College. In 1796 he pub. his Memoirs of the 
 Life and Writings of the Abbot Metastasio, with trans, of 
 his Letters, 3 vols. 8vo. This was a subject in which the 
 doctor took a deep interest: he writes to his daughter 
 Fanny, Madame D'Arblay, May 7, 1795 : 
 
 " I am hallooed on prodigiously in my Metastasio mania. All 
 the critics Warton, Twining, Nares, and Dr. Charles say that 
 his Estratto deW Arte Poetica d'Artntotile, which I am now translat 
 ing, is the best piece of dramatic criticism that has ever been 
 written. 'Bless my heart!' says Warton; ' I, that have been all 
 my life defending the three unities, am overset.' ' Ay,' quoth I, 
 ' has not he made you all ashamed of 'em? You learned folks are 
 only theorists in theatrical matters, but Metastasio had sixty 
 years' successful practice. There ! Go to.' " Diary and Letters of 
 Madame d'Arbkty, vol. vi. 36; at p. 98 see reference to his Poetical 
 History of Astronomy. 
 
 The work was well received : 
 
 " Let it not be a reproach to our estimable biographer, that he 
 has described with the voluminous gravity of history, a group of 
 poets, singers, actors, and musicians. It is well that a work of 
 this kind should make its appearance. . . . The am users of our 
 leisure, the artists of our pleasures, may justly be ranked among 
 the benefactors of society. Let it belong, then, to the muse of 
 fame, to elevate monuments over their remains, and to strew 
 flowers on their grave, in token of grateful remembrance." 
 Monthly Review, 1796. 
 
 In Phil. Trans., 1779, will be found the doctor's Account 
 of an Infant Musician. He contributed to Rees's Cyclo 
 paedia almost all the musical articles, for which he re 
 ceived 1000. Dr. Burney was a familiar associate of the 
 most distinguished literary gentlemen of his time. Of his 
 children, James rose to the rank of admiral, Charles was 
 one of the most celebrated Hellenists of his age, and two 
 of his daughters, Frances (Madame D'Arblay) and Sarah 
 Harriet, were novelists. These will all be noticed in their 
 order. In 1806 Dr. B. was granted a pension of 300, 
 and in 1810 he was elected a member of the Institute of 
 France. Mr. Macaulay justly blames Dr. Burney for 
 causing his daughter Frances to prolong her servitude at 
 Court as Keeper of the Robes : 
 
 " His veneration for royalty amounted, in truth, to idolatry. It 
 can be compared only to the grovelling superstition of those Syrian 
 devotees who made their children pass through the fire to Moloch." 
 Read this admirable sketch." Madame d'Arblay," in Edin. Re 
 view, January, 1843, and in Macaulay's Miscellanies. 
 
 In his general character, however, 
 
 " Dr. Burney was exemplary in all the relations of life; and his 
 manners were said to possess all the graces of the Chesterfield 
 school, without any of its formality, or vicious alloy of moral and 
 religious laxity. ... As a composer, his merits and claims are 
 unquestionably high." 
 
 The commendation of Sir William Jones is one of which 
 any one might, indeed, be proud : 
 
 " Dr. Burney gave dignity to the character of the modern musi 
 cian, by joining to it that of the scholar and philosopher." 
 
 Burney, Charles, Jr., D.D., 1757-1817, a son of 
 the preceding, was a native of Lynn, Norfolk. He went 
 to the Charter-house in 1768, and from thence to Caius 
 College, Cambridge; he proceeded M.A. in 1781; LL.D. 
 at Aberdeen in 1792; D.D. at Cambridge in 1808. He 
 was for some time engaged in an academy at Highgate, 
 and afterwards became assistant to Dr. Rose, the transla 
 tor of Sallust, at Chiswick, whose daughter he married in 
 1783. He was from 1783 to 1800 a contributor of classical 
 articles to the Monthly Review, and for two or three years 
 was editor of the London Magazine. His dissertation in 
 the Monthly Review on Person's Hecuba, and Wakefield's 
 Diatribe, was received with great respect by Hermann. 
 Gaisford, and other eminent Grecians. Appendix ad 
 Lexicon Gr. Lat. a Scapula, etc., 1789, 8vo : from some pa 
 pers formerly in Askew's possession. Appendix, contain 
 ing Remarks on the Greek Verses of Milton, at the end 
 of J. Warton's edit, of Milton's Minor Poems, 1791, 8vo. 
 Richardii Bentleii et Doctorum Virorum Epistolse, 1807, 
 4to. Of this beautiful work only 200 copies were printed 
 for private circulation. Copies have sold as high as ten 
 guineas. Frierlemann reprinted it at Leipsic in 1825. 
 Tentarnen de Metris ab Eschylo in Choricis Cantibus ad- 
 
BUR 
 
 hibitus, 1809, 8vo. It is superfluous to call the attention 
 of the well-informed scholar to so scholarlike a work. 
 
 " Profound scholarship is here united with so much useful plain 
 ness of instruction, that we earnestly recommend the Tentamen to 
 the upper forms in our great seminaries of learning, and to our 
 young men who are perusing the Lyric compositions of Ancient 
 Greece at the universities." ion. Monthly Review. 
 
 Bishop Pearson's Exposition of the Creed, abridged, for 
 the Use of young Persons, 1810, 8vo; 2d edit. 1812, 12mo. 
 Philernonis Lexicon Technologicum etc. e" Biblioth. Pa- 
 risiens. Lon., 1812, 4to and 8vo. 
 
 "Philemon lived about the ninth century. The Lexicon of 
 which Yilloisin has spoken in such high terms of approbation, and 
 of which Uuhnken had given some extracts, is at length published 
 for the first time by Dr. Charles Burney, from the MS. in the Na 
 tional Library at Paris. All the learned are aware how much this 
 important Glossary was treasured by the early grammarians. We 
 are under great obligations to the editor for so valuable an ac 
 cession to classical literature." 
 
 Sc discourses the Museum Criticum, but Bast calls at 
 tention to the tact that the whole of this work had ori 
 ginally appeared in the Lexicon of Plavorinus. Osann 
 reprinted it at Berlin in 1821. Its value is not so unques 
 tionable as the Museum Criticum would have us believe. 
 
 Sermon preached at the Anniversary Meeting of the 
 Stewards of the Sons of the Clergy, at St. Paul's, May 
 14th, 1812 j Lon., 1813, 4to. The list of the Greek writers 
 in Harris's excellent Catalogue of the Library of the Royal 
 Institution, was drawn up by Dr. Burney. 
 
 " Dr. Charles Burney acquaints Mr. Harris that he drew up the 
 classical catalogue with a view to its being printed, whole and en 
 tire. As there is no list of Greek books so ample, he still thinks 
 that its publication might be of service to the sale of the R. I. 
 Catalogue ; but readily submits the matter to the decision of the 
 patrons." Greenwich, March 3, 1809. 
 
 Consequently the list was pub. in the 2d edit, of the 
 Catalogue, Lon., 1821, r. 8vo. Let the BIBLIOGRAPHICAL 
 student procure it without delay. 
 
 Burney, Charles Parr, M.D., Archdeacon of Col 
 chester, and Rector of Wickham. Sermon on 2 Cor. iii. 5 
 Consecration of a Bishop, Lon., 1816, 4to. 
 
 Burney, Frances. See D'ARBLAY, MADAME. 
 
 Burney, James, Rear-Admiral of the British navy, 
 1739-1821, son of Charles Burney, Mus. Doc., performed 
 two voyages of discovery with Captain Cook, being first 
 lieutenant in Cook's third voyage. On Cook's death he 
 acted as captain, and brought the " Discovery" home. At 
 the request of his friend, Sir Joseph Banks, he undertook 
 to compile a Chronological History of the Discoveries in 
 the South Sea, or Pacific Ocean; with a History of the 
 Buccaneers of America ; this work was pub. Lon., 1803 
 17, with maps and charts, in 5 vols. 4to. 
 
 " This digest comprehends all the voyages in the South Sea, to 
 the reign of George III.; Hawkesworth's account of Cook's First 
 Voyage following without any chasm, as an immediate sequel." 
 
 Mr. Stevenson, referring to this work and Dalrymple's 
 Collection, remarks : 
 
 " Both these works are by men qualified by science, learning, 
 research, and devotedness to their object, to perform well what they 
 undertook on any subject connected with geography and disco 
 very." Historical Sketch, etc. 
 
 " Burney's is a masterly digest of Voyages in the South Sea, dis 
 playing a rare union of nautical skill, and literary research." Lon. 
 Quarterly Review. 
 
 " L'introduction renferme une relation succinte de toutes les 
 d6couvertes faites avant le voyage de Magellan. L'auteur a con- 
 suite et compare & cet effet toutes les relations qni nous restent 
 sur ces decouvertes; mais en ge'ne'ral, il a suivi celles de Ferre.ro, 
 et de Pigafetta." Voyez Bibliotheque Universelle des Voyages. &c., 
 par G. Boucher de la Richarderie. A Paris, 1808, 6 vols. 8vo.' 
 
 Chronological History of North-Eastern Voyages of 
 Discovery, and of the early Eastern Navigations of the 
 Russians, 1819, 8vo. Plan of Defence against Invasion, 
 1796, 4to. Measures recommended for the Support of 
 Public Credit, 1797, 4to. The Burneys were all favourites 
 of Dr. Johnson. We have seen (ante) how much interest 
 he felt in the father's success. It is pleasing to see the 
 following evidence that his regard was continued to the 
 son: he refers to Captain Burney's appointment to the 
 "Bristol," in 1781: 
 
 " I am willing to hear, however, that there is happiness in the 
 world, and delighted to think on the pleasure diffused among the 
 Burneys. I question if any ship upon the ocean goes out with 
 more good wishes than that which carries the fete of Burney." 
 Letter to Mrs. Thrale. 
 
 Burney, Richard, Rector of St. Peter's, Canterbury. 
 King Charles the Second presented to the Houses of Par 
 liament in their next Session as Strength, Honour, and 
 Peace of the Nations : delivered in eight sermons, Lon., 
 (1660,) 4to. 
 
 " Written in a vaunting and bombast style." LOWNDES. 
 
 Burney, Sarah Harriet, half-sister to Frances 
 Burney, was also a novelist, but not so fortunate in gain 
 ing the public attention. Geraldine Fauconberg ; a Novel, 
 
 BUR 
 
 1808, 3 vols. 12mo. The Wanderer, or Female Difficulties, 
 1814, 5 vols. 12mo. The Shipwreck; being vol. i. of the 
 Tales of the Fancy, 1815, 12mo. Traits of Nature; a 
 Novel, 1812, 4 vols. ; 2d edit, 1812, 5 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " We have before remarked that together with family talents, we 
 discern a family likeness in this lady's productions ; and the same 
 idea is excited by the volumes before us. In particular, the he 
 roine, Adela, strikes us as bearing a resemblance to Evelina, in 
 character and situation." Lon. Monthly Review, 1813. 
 
 " This lady has copied the style of her relative, but has not her 
 raciness of humour, or power of painting the varieties of the hu 
 man species." Chambers's Ct/dopfedia of Eng. Lit. 
 
 Burney, William, LL.D., 1762-1832, Master of the 
 Royal Academy, Gosport. The Naval Heroes of Great 
 Britain, 1806, 12mo. The British Neptune, 1806, 12mo. 
 A New Universal Dictionary for the Marine, enlarged from 
 Falconer, 1815, 4to. Falconer's work was pub. 1769, and 
 in 1771, '80, and '89, 4to. 
 
 Burnham, R. G., an American author. Cancelling 
 Arithmetic. Arithmetic for Common Schools and Acade 
 mies. Part 1, Mental Arithmetic. 
 
 " The philosophy of the mode of teaching adopted in this work 
 is: Commence where the child commences, and proceed as the 
 child proceeds: fall in with his own mode of arriving at truth; 
 aid him to think for himself, and do not the thinking for him." 
 
 Part Second, Written Arithmetic. 
 
 "It is the result of a long experience in teaching, and contains 
 sufficient of arithmetic for the practical business purposes of life." 
 
 Burnham, Richard. Pious Memorials; or, the 
 Power of Religion upon the Mind in Sickness and at 
 Death, Lon., 1753, 8vo, and 1820, 8vo ; pub. by Mr. Burder. 
 In the preface to this work will be found some useful 
 anecdotes and devout reflections by Mr. Hervey, author 
 of the Meditations, Ac. 
 
 Burns, Allan, a native of Glasgow, and a teacher of 
 anatomy and surgery. Observations on Diseases of the 
 Heart. Illustrated by Cases, Edin., 1809, 8vo. Obs. on 
 the Surgical Anatomy of the Head and Neck, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Burns, Arthur. Method of Surveying, Chester, 
 1771, 8vo. 
 
 Burns, Jabez, D.D. The Parables and Miracles of 
 Jesus Christ, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 " An admirable volume, full of the loftiest truths and the most 
 valuable deductions and applications." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 400 Sketches and Skeletons of Sermons, 4 vols. 12mo ; 
 ditto for Special Occasions, 1 vol. 12mo. 
 
 " The author is a man of the right stamp ; watching for souls as 
 one that must give account." Revivalist. 
 
 Light for the House of Mourning : a Book for the Be 
 reaved. Light for the Sick Room : a Book for the Afflicted. 
 
 " An excellent book for the invalid's chamber." Lon. Baptist 
 Magazine. 
 
 "A treatise benevolently conceived, powerfully written, and 
 well adapted to answer the ends for which it has been composed." 
 Lon. Morning Herald. 
 
 Other religious works. 
 
 Burns, John, M.D., Regius Professor of Surgery in 
 the University of Glasgow. The Principles of Surgery, 
 Lon., 1838, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " A very comprehensive treatise on the principles and practice 
 of surgery." Lon. Medico-Chirurgical Review. 
 
 Principles of Midwifery; 10th edit, enlarged, 1843, 8vo. 
 Treatment of Diseases of Women and Children, 8vo. Guide 
 to Health, 12mo. Principles of Christian Philosophy, 6th 
 edit., 1846, 12mo. Christian Fragments, or Remarks on the 
 Nature, Precepts, and Comforts of Religion, 1844, f. 8vo. 
 
 " We recommend this volume with sincere pleasure to our read 
 ers as an admirable manual of devotion, and a safe companion in 
 seasons of distress." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 Other professional works. 
 
 Burns, Robert, b. January 25, 1759, d. July 21, 
 1796, was a native of the Parish of Alloway, near Ayr, 
 Scotland. His father, a small farmer, sent him to the 
 county school in the neighbourhood, where he acquired a 
 knowledge of the English branches, to which he subse 
 quently added a limited acquaintance with Latin, French, 
 and geometry. He eagerly devoured all the books which 
 fell in his way, and Guthrie's Grammar, the Gardener's 
 Directory, and Hervey's Meditations, engrossed the time 
 spared from the Seasons of Thomson and the Plays of 
 Shakspeare. When about 16 he "first committed," to use 
 his own phraseology, " the sin of rhyme." His powers 
 were first awakened, as is usually the case with young 
 poets, by an affair of the heart. In essaying the accents 
 of affection, his muse found its voice, and the gift once 
 discovered was not likely to be disregarded. His poems 
 circulated in manuscript through the country, and were 
 much admired by his rural readers, and he had no incon 
 siderable fame as a poet, when some friends persuaded 
 him to publish a volume in order to defray his expenses to 
 Jamaica, where he hoped to obtain a situation as overseer 
 on a plantation. His first project had been emigration to 
 
BUR 
 
 the United States. Accordingly the volume was pub. in 
 
 1786, Svo, at Kilmarnock, and met with great success, the 
 600 copies resulting in a profit of 20, which was a small 
 fortune to the young author. Burns now engaged his 
 passage, embraced his friends, and sent his chest to 
 Greenock to be placed on board a vessel bound for Ja 
 maica, when he received through a letter to a friend, an 
 imvitation from Dr. Blacklock to visit Edinburgh. It was 
 accepted, for remarks Burns 
 
 " His opinion that I would meet with encouragement in Edin 
 burgh for a second edition of my poems, fired me so much, that 
 away I posted for that city, without a single acquaintance, or a 
 single letter of introduction." 
 
 He was greatly admired in Edinburgh. Dr. Robertson, 
 Dugald Stewart, Henry Mackenzie, and other men of note, 
 felt a pleasure in drawing admiring crowds round the rustic 
 poet, whose conversational abilities struck his auditors with 
 as much surprise as they had experienced from the perusal 
 of his verses. 
 
 " It needs no effort of imagination to conceive what the sensa 
 tions of an isolated set of scholars (almost all either clergymen or 
 professors) must have been in the presence of this big-boned, black- 
 browed, brawny stranger, with his great flashing eyes, who having 
 forced his way among them from the plough-tail, at a single stride, 
 manifested in the whole strain of his bearing and conversation, a 
 most thorough conviction that in the society of the most eminent 
 men of his nation, he was exactly where he was entitled to be : 
 hardly deigned to flatter them by exhibiting even an occasional 
 symptom of being flattered by their notice: by turns calmly mea 
 sured himself against the most cultivated understandings of his 
 time, in discussion ; overpowered the bon mots of the most celebrated 
 convivialists by broad floods of merriment, impregnated with all 
 the burning life of genius ; astounded bosoms habitually enveloped 
 in the thrice-piled folds of social reserve, by compelling them to 
 tremble nay to tremble visibly beneath the fearless touch of 
 natural pathos." LOCKHART. 
 
 The Bishop of Aberdeen, whom Burns visited when in 
 that city not long after, gives us a high opinion of the poet's 
 power of interesting his new friends : 
 
 " As to his personal appearance, it is very much in his favour. 
 He is a genteel-looking young man, of good address, and talks with 
 as much propriety as if he had received an academical education. 
 He has, indeed, a flow of language, and seems never at a loss to 
 express himself in the strongest and most nervous manner. On 
 my quoting with surprise, some sentiments of the Ayrshire plow 
 man, ' Well,' said he, ' and a plowman I wa from my youth, and 
 till within these two years had my shots studded with a hundred 
 tackets. But even then I was a reader, and had rry early made 
 all the English poets familiar to me, not forgetting the old bards 
 of the best of all the poetical books, the Old Testament"' Bishop 
 Skinner's Letter to his son. 
 
 A second edition of his poems was pub. at Edinburgh in 
 
 1787, 2 vols. 8vo ; the immediate profit of which, includ 
 ing copyright and subscriptions, was 700, and a further 
 sum was subsequently received by the successful author. 
 This large receipt in a day of comparatively few readers, 
 is to be attributed to the fact that many subscribers volun 
 tarily paid one and two guineas per copy, instead of the 
 six shillings required. The 2800 copies were subscribed 
 for by 1500 individuals. At Edinburgh Burns unfortu 
 nately acquired those habits of intemperance and associa 
 tion with the profligate which proved his bane. He returned 
 in 1788 to Ayrshire, appropriated 200 of his fortune to 
 the relief of his aged mother and his brother, and married 
 Jean Armour, (his " Bonny Jean,") an old acquaintance, 
 the daughter of a mason in Mauchlin. His first love, 
 " Highland Mary," (Mary Campbell,) fell a victim to a ma 
 lignant fever when making preparations for her marriage 
 to our poet. He commemorated her in his touching elegy 
 " To Mary in Heaven," in language which will outlast the 
 sculptured marble and storied urn of the noble's tomb. By 
 means of the mistaken friendship of Dr. Wood, Burns was 
 appointed an exciseman or gauger, (worth 70 per annum,) 
 which threw into the way of temptation an appetite already 
 soliciting the excitement of the intoxicating bowl. A be 
 nevolent gentleman, Mr. Peter Millar, leased him the farm 
 of Ellisland, on the banks of the Nith, in Dumfriesshire, 
 on very advantageous terms, and he had every encourage 
 ment to lead a virtuous life, relieving agricultural toil by 
 converse with the muse ; but intemperance had now become 
 a confirmed habit, and rendered him an easy prey to a fever 
 which carried him off at the early age of thirty-seven years 
 and six months. He had removed to the lown of Dumfries 
 in 1791. In 1792 he contributed to A Select Collection of 
 original Scottish Airs for the Voice, all the songs which 
 form vol. 3d of the edit of his works in 3 vols. 12mo. He pub. 
 a third edit, of his poems at Dumfries in 1793 He also 
 contributed to, we may almost say edited, Mr. James John 
 son's Scots Musical Museum, pub. in 6 vols., 1787-1803 
 in 1839 a new edit, with Notes and Illustrations was pub' 
 An ed, of Burns's works was pub. in 1798, 2 vols. 8vo. Works 
 with Life and Criticisms, Ac., by James Currie, Liverp ' 
 1800, 4 vols. 8vo ; several edits. Reliques, Letters, Ac., by 
 
 BUR 
 
 R. H. Cromek, Lon., 1808, 8vo. Select Scottish Songs, by 
 R. H. Cromek, Lon., 1810, 2 vols. 8vo. Works, 5 vols. 8vo. 
 Poems ascribed to Robert Burns, Glasg., 1801, 8vo: this 
 vol. contains some pieces omitted by Currie, who left out 
 many exceptionable ones. Letters addressed to Clarinda 
 Glasg., 1802, 12mo. This vol. was suppressed. Heron's 
 Memoirs of the Life of Burns, Edin., 1797, Svo. Views in 
 North Britain, to illustrate the Poems of Burns, by Storer 
 and Greig, 1805, 4to. Poems, with Life, Remarks on his 
 writings, Ac., 1811, 2 vols. 8vo; this edit, contains many 
 poems and letters not in Currie's collection. A Critique on 
 the Poems of Burns, 1812, Svo. Review of the Life of 
 Burns, by Alex. Peterkin, Edin., 1815, Svo. A Letter rela 
 tive to Currie's edit, of Burns, by William Wordsworth, 
 1816, Svo. The Poems and Songs of Burns, by the Rev 
 Hamilton Paul, Glasg., 1819. Works of Burns, by his 
 brother Gilbert Burns, 1820, 4 vols. Svo. A Pilgrimage to 
 the Land of Burns, 1822, Svo. A Series of Illustrations 
 of the Poems of Burns, by W. Kidd. The Life of Burns, 
 by J. G. Lockhart, Edin., 1828, Svo; 5th edit., Lon., 1847, 
 fp. 8vo. Life and Works of Burns, by Robert Chambers, 
 1857, 4 vols. Svo. Up to the present year (1858) perhaps 
 115 edits, have been issued in all ! The illustrated edition 
 by Blackie A Son, Edin., 2 vols. r. Svo, preceded by Prof. 
 Wilson's Essay on the Genius and Character of Burns, and 
 Dr. Currie's Memoir of the Poet, with Notes and Literary 
 and Pictorial Illustrations, has met with great favour. 
 
 " It is all that the admirers of the national Poet can desire ; com 
 plete, accurate, and handsome." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 " The Illustrations are executed in the first style of art, and the 
 typographical department of the work cannot be surpassed." Lon. 
 
 Allan Cunningham's edition, (pub. by Henry G. Bohn.) 
 with Life by A. C., and Notes by Sir Walter Scott, Thomas 
 Campbell, Wordsworth, and Lockhart, 1S47, contains 150 
 pieces more than are to be found in Currie's edition. Mr. 
 Bohn'sedit. contains 848 pages, whereas one pub. in similar 
 shape professing to be " the only complete edition," contains 
 but 504 pages, the matter being two-thirds only of Bohn's 
 edit In the latter the life by Cunningham fills 164 pp. ; 
 whilst in the former it is abridged and comprised in 47 
 pages. It is an interesting fact that within a year from 
 the publication of Burns's Poems in Edinburgh, 1787, two 
 editions were pub. in the United States, viz. : in New York 
 and in Philadelphia, 1788. 
 
 The melancholy story of Burns adds another to the dark 
 catalogue of the victims of the arch-demon INTEMPERANCE. 
 When will men learn to shun all companionship with that 
 fell enemy which " steals away the brains," destroys the 
 peace, and blasts the reputation, and effectually ruins the 
 bodies and souls of its votaries ? 
 
 We conclude with some brief extracts from opinions on 
 this distinguished son of song: 
 
 " Burns is by far the greatest poet that ever sprung from the bo 
 som of the people and lived and died in an humble condition. 
 Indeed, no country in the world but Scotland could have produced 
 such a man ; and he will be forever regarded as the glorious repre 
 sentative of the genius of his country. He was born a poet, if 
 ever man was, and to his native genius alone is owing the perpe 
 tuity of his fame. For he manifestly had never deeply studied 
 poetry as an art, nor reasoned much about its principles, nor looked 
 abroad into the wide ken of intellect for objects and subjects on 
 which to pour out his inspiration The strings of his lyre some 
 times yield their finest music to the sighs of remorse or repentance. 
 Whatever, therefore, be the faults or defects of the poetry of Burns 
 and no doubt it has many it has, beyond all that was ever writ 
 ten, this greatest of all merits, intense, life-pervading, and lifi 
 breathing truth." Prof. Wilson's Essay on the Genius and Character 
 of Burns. 
 
 " All that remains of Burns, the writings he has left, seem to us 
 no more than a poor mutilated fraction of what was in him : orfc 
 broken glimpses of a genius that could never show itself c 
 plete; that wanted all things for completeness: culture, leisu 
 true effort, nay, even length of life. His poems are, with scarce! 
 any exception, mere occasional effusions, poured forth with lit 
 premeditation, expressing, by such means as offered, the passio 
 opinion, or humour of the hour. Never in one Insfemc 
 permitted to grapple with any subject with the full collectoi 
 his strength, to fuse and mould it in the concentrated fire of 
 genius. To try by the strict rules of art such imperfect 
 ments, would be at once unprofitable and unfair. Nevertne 
 there is something in these poems, marred and defective as 
 are, which forbids the most fastidious student of poetry to 
 them by. . . . The excellence of Burn sis, indeed, among the rare>J 
 whether in poetry or prose; but, at the same time, it is plain, an. 
 easily recognised his indisputable air of truth." THOMAS CABLTLE 
 Edin. Review, xlviii. 273. 
 
 " The rank of Burns is the very first of his art," LORD Bi 
 
 " The life of the poor peasant is very interesting. I: 
 are very extraordinary. Some of the additional songs [pub. i 
 Currie's edit.] are much more perfect than his compositions put>- 
 lished during his life : and there are some which I cannot 
 numbering amongst the happiest productions of human genii 
 SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH. ,, 
 
 " He has in all his compositions great force of conception, am 
 
BUR 
 
 great spirit and animation in its expression. He has taken a large 
 range through the region of Fancy, and naturalized himselt 
 
 BUR 
 
 Mr. Burr pub. 1. A Treatise entitled The Supreme Deity 
 of our Lord Jesus Christ maintained, in a Letter to the 
 
 almost all her climates. He has great humour great powers of de( jication O f Mr. Emlyn's Inquiry ; this was reprinted in 
 description, great pathos, and great discrimination of character. 2 A Fagfc g ermon on accO unt of the encroachments 
 Almost every thing that he says has spirit and originality ;; and T? r p n ph Tnn 1 1755 
 
 every thing that he says well is characterized by a charming ia- I < ^n, JS 
 
 cilitv. which gives a grace even to occasional rudeness, and com 
 municates to the reader a delightful sympathy with the spontane 
 ous soaring and inspiration of the poet." LORD JEFFREY. 
 
 "Burns was in truth the child of passion and feeling. His 
 character was not simply that of a peasant exalted into notice by 
 uncommon literary attainments, but bore a stamp which must 
 have distinguished him in the highest as in the lowest situation 
 of life. . . . When his soul was intent on suiting a fevourite air 
 with words humorous or tender, as the subject demanded, no poet 
 of our tongue ever displayed higher skill in marrying melody to 
 immortal verse." Lon. Quarterly Review, i. 32 
 
 " The prose works of Burns consist almost entirely ol ms letters. 
 They bear, as well as his poetry, the seal and impress of his ge 
 nius; but they contain much more bad taste, and are written with 
 far more apparent labour. His Poetry was almost all written pri 
 marily from feeling, and only secondarily from ambition. His 
 letters seem to have been nearly all composed as exercises and for 
 
 " We are yet living under the moral influence of Burns, and are 
 unaware of all the fruit it may ripen: we see his breathing and 
 vivifying spirit everywhere abroad. Not only is it manifest in 
 the philosophy of Wordsworth, in the glorious lyrics of Campbell, 
 in the patriotic melodies of Moore ; but wherever, in the vast and 
 crowded haunts of labour and trade, the humble artisan feels the 
 sense of his own dignity burns with the desire of the beautiful 
 is haunted with the dreams of knowledge, gathers up the daisy 
 from the ploughshare, and estimates at their true distinctions of 
 value the ' guinea stamp,' and the ' gowd' there, yet glows, ele 
 vates, and inspires the royal and gentle spirit,with its lion courage 
 and dove-like tenderness,of Robert Burns." Edin. Review. 
 
 " As a poet Burns stands in the front rank. His conceptions 
 are all original ; his thoughts are new and weighty; his style un- 
 borrowed : and he owes no honour to the subjects which his muse 
 selected; for they are ordinary, and such as would have tempted 
 no poet, save himself, to sing about. All he has written is distin 
 guished by a happy carelessness; a fine elasticity of spirit; and a 
 
 impassi( ed| Burrel, Alexander. Assize Sermon, 1725, 8vo. 
 
 familiar, yet dignified; careless, yet concise; he sheds a redeeming I Burrel, Andrew. Proposals for a Critical Analysis 
 light on all he touches; whatever his eye glances on rises into life of all the Hebrew and Chaldaic Words in the Old Testa- 
 and beauty. Of Beauty itself he has written with more fervour men t Lon., 1738, 8vo. 
 and inspiration than all other modern poets put together; the 
 
 3. The Watchman's Answer 
 
 to the Question, "What of the Night?" a sermon, 1756. 
 4. A Funeral Sermon on Governor Belcher, 1757: 
 
 This was preached but a few days before his own death; and 
 his exertions, in a very feeble state of health, to honour the me- 
 a highly respected friend, it is thought, accelerated that 
 See Livingston's Funeral Elog. ; Smith's Serm., and pref. 
 to Burr's Serm. on Belcher; Miller, ii. 345 ; Edwards'sLife, app.; 
 Green's Disc., 300-313; Savage's Winthrop, xi. 22; Allen's Amer. 
 Biog. Diet. 
 
 Burr, Colonel Aaron, 1756-1836, Vice-President 
 of the U. States, 1801-05, was a son of the preceding. 
 The Private Journal of Aaron Burr during his residence 
 of four years in Europe, with Selections from his Corre- 
 pondence, by Matthew L. Davis, N. York, 1838, 2 vols. 
 8vo. Memoirs of Aaron Burr, with Selections from his 
 Correspondence, by Matthew L. Davis, 1837, '38, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Life of Aaron Burr, by Saml. L. Knapp, 1835, 12mo. Life 
 and Times of Aaron Burr, by J. Parton, N.Y., 1858, 8vo. 
 Burr, G. D. Instructions in Practical Surveying, 
 Lon., 1846 ; 2d ed., p. 8vo : for the use of young OiT. 3ers, 
 civil and military engineers, architects, &c. It is used at 
 the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. 
 
 Burr, Mrs. Higford. Sketches in Spain, The Holy 
 Land, Egypt, Turkey, and Greece, 14 fine plates, Lon., 
 1841, imp. folio. These plates are beautifully coloured in 
 imitation of the original drawings : pub. at six guineas. 
 
 Burr, Thomas Benge. History of Tunbridge Wells, 
 Lon., 1776, 8vo. 
 
 A book of considerable merit, though written by a Journey 
 man Bookseller." WATT. 
 
 A well-written and entertaining work." LOWNDES. 
 
 compliments he pays are destined to live while we have loveliness 
 in the land. He is the poet of freedom as well as of beauty ; his 
 song of the Bruce, his ' Man's a man for a' that,' and others of the 
 
 same mark, will endure while the language lasts He owes 
 
 nothing to the poetry of other lands he is the offspring of the 
 soil : he is as natural to Scotland as the heath is to her hills : his 
 variety is equal to his originality ; his humour, his gayety, his 
 tenderness, and his pathos, come all in a breath ; they come freely, 
 for they come of their own accord ; the contrast is never offensive ; 
 the comic slides easily into the serious, the serious into the tender, 
 and the tender into the pathetic." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM. 
 
 Burns, Robert, son of the preceding. The Cale 
 donian Musical Museum, a Complete Vocal Library, 1809, 
 12mo. 
 
 Burns, Robert, one of the ministers of Paisley. 
 Letter to Rev. Dr. Chalmers on the Protestant and Roman 
 Catholic Religions, Paisley, 1818, 8vo. Hist. Dissert, on 
 the Law and Practice of Great Britain, and particularly of 
 Scotland, with regard to the Poor, 2d edit,, Edin.,1819, 8vo. 
 " Hardly worth notice, the useful matter being of limited amount, 
 and buried under a load of irrelevant rubbish." McOuttoch's Lit, 
 of Polit. Economy. 
 
 Burns, Thomas. Sermons on the Fast, 1803, 8vo. 
 Burns, Wm. Tendency of Methodism, 2 pts., 1810-12. 
 Burnside, A. W. Catechism on the Common Prayer, 
 Lon., 1845, 12mo. 
 
 Burnside, R. The Fruits of the Spirit, 1805, 8vo. 
 Burnside, Robert. Religion of Mankind, Lon., 
 1819, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Burnyeat, John. Truth Exalted in the Writings of 
 that Eminent and Faithful servant, J. Burnyeat, 1691, 4to. 
 Burr, Aaron, 1714-1757, an eminent divine, and se 
 cond President of the College of New Jersey, was a native 
 of Fairfield, Connecticut, a descendant of the Rev. Jona 
 than Burr of Suffolk, England, for 18 years a minister at 
 Dorchester, Massachusetts. Aaron Burr married in 1752 
 a daughter of the celebrated Jonathan Edwards, (his suc 
 cessor in the Presidency of the College,) by whom he had 
 two children, viz. Aaron, late Vice-President of the United 
 States, and a daughter, who was married to Judge Reeve. 
 Mr. Burr was one of the principal founders of the College 
 over which he was, in 1748, upon the death of Jonathan 
 Dickinson, called to preside. The charter, which had 
 never been carried into operation, was by Mr. Burr's in 
 fluence enlarged by Governor Belcher, Oct. 22, 1746, and 
 Jonathan Dickinson was appointed President. The insti 
 tution was first established at Elizabeth town, then removed 
 to Newark, and in 1757 to Princeton. The first commence 
 ment was in 1748, when six young men graduated, five of 
 whom became ministers. See DICKINSON, JONATHAN. 
 
 Burrel, J. Letter, 1810. Sermon, 1812. 
 
 Burrel, George. Charities, Ac. of Hartford, 1809,8vo. 
 
 Burrel, John. Divine Right of Kings, Serm.,1683,4to. 
 
 Burrell, Percival. Sermon, Lon., 1629, 4to. 
 
 Burrell, Lady Sophia, d. 1802, a daughter of Sir 
 Charles Raymond, married in 1773, " with a fortune of 
 100,000," Sir William Burrell, who died 1796. In 1797 
 she married the Rev. William Clay of Nottinghamshire. 
 Poems, Lon., 1793, 2 vols. 8vo. The Thymbriad, from 
 Xenophon's Cyropaedia, 1794, 8vo. Telemachus, 1794, 8vo. 
 Theodora, or the Spanish Daughter; a Tragedy, 1800, 8vo. 
 Maximian; a Tragedy from Corneille, 1800, 8vo. The 
 Test of Virtue, and other Poems, 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Lady Burrell's poetical talents do honour to her pen. . . . She 
 has attempted the ludicrous and the satirical, not without success ; 
 and, in several sketches from nature, she has shown herself a po 
 etical Teniers." Lon. Monthly Review, 1793. 
 
 Burrell, William. Assize Sermons, 1712, 8vo. 
 
 Burrhus. % See BURROUGHS, SIR JOHN, Knt. 
 
 Burridge,*Ezekiel. Historia Nuperse Rerum Mu- 
 tationis in Anglia, Londini, 1697, 8vo. 
 
 Burridge, Richard. The Faith of a Converted 
 Atheist, Lon., 1712, 8vo. 
 
 Burrill, Alexander M., born in the city of New York. 
 Graduated at Columbia College, 1824. Studied law under 
 Chancellor Kent. Admitted to the Bar in the State of 
 New York, 1828. 1. A Treatise on the Practice of the 
 Supreme Court of the State of New York, 2 vols. 8vo, 
 1840 ; a second edition, much enlarged, 3 vols. 8vo, 1846. 
 This work is favourably reviewed in the U. S. Law Maga 
 zine for July, 1850. 2. A Law Dictionary and Glossary, 
 2 vols. r. 8vo, 1850. 
 
 It is the most complete and perfect work of the kind that has 
 fallen under my observation, and cannot fail to be highly useful, 
 not only to the student, but also to the experienced practitioner. 
 No law library should be without it. It is a work that need only 
 be known to be appreciated." S. NELSON, Justice of the Supreme 
 Court of the United States. 
 
 Very favourable reviews of this Law Dictionary will be 
 found in the Penn. Law Journal, Nov., 1850; U.S. Law 
 Mag., July, 1850 April, 1851; Boston Law Reporter, 
 March, 1851; New York Code Reporter, May, 1851 ; Lon. 
 Legal Examiner, Dec., 1853 ; Kent's Commentaries, 7th 
 edit., vol. i. p. 559; &c. 3. A Treatise on the Law and 
 Practice of Voluntary Assignments for the benefit of Cre 
 ditors, 8vo, 1853. 4. A Treatise on Circumstantial Evi 
 dence, 8vo, 1856. 
 
 Burlington, George, Governor of South Carolina. 
 Answer to Dr. Wm. Brackenridge's Letter concerning the 
 
 303 
 
BUR 
 
 BUR 
 
 number of inhabitants within the London Bills of Mor- 
 Ulily, 1757, 8vo. 
 
 Burrington, Gilbert, Prebendary of Exeter, Rector 
 of Woodleigh, and Vicar of Chudleigh. An Arrangement 
 of the Genealogies in the Old Testament and Apocrypha, 
 Ac., Lon., 1836, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 " A vory elaborate work, IlluBtrated by copious notes, critical, 
 philological, and explanatory, which are the result of long and la- 
 txirlnui Ht.udy, and which materially elucidate many verbal and 
 chronological difflculties." See T. II. Home's Introduction, and 
 Lownden'n Brit. librarian's Guide, 340. 
 
 liurrish, Onslow. Batavia Illustrata, Lon., 1729, 
 8vo : Policy and Commerce of the United Provinces. 
 
 Burritt, Elihu, b. 1811, Now Britain, Conn., known 
 as the Learned Blacksmith. He acquired a knowledge 
 of the Hebrew, Greek, Syriac, Spanish, Danish, Bohemian, 
 ami I'nli.-li hillbillies. In IS 12 IK; translated some of 
 lln- Ir.-himlir s:i.:;as. ('..ntrili. to the A nier. llclee. Kov. 
 
 a series of translations from the Samaritan, Arabic, and 
 Hebrew. In 1843 ho began the study of the Ethiopic, 
 Persian, and Turkish languages: the Latin and French 
 ho studied while an apprentice to his trade. His works 
 are: Sparks from the Anvil; A Voice from the Forge; 
 
 Th.mi'lils ;m. I Tilings at Hume ami Ahmad, ISf.l; 1'cace- 
 l';i|irrs fur the People; ami A I iseel laneoiis Works, Lon., 
 12ino. Ho has boon the editor of many journals, and has 
 travelled and lectured throughout Europe and America. 
 
 Burritt, Elyah II., brother of the preceding. Log. 
 Arithmetic. Geography of the Heavens : many edits. 
 
 Burrough, Edward, 1634-1668, a native of West 
 moreland, embraced Quakerism, and laboured for its ex 
 tension with great zeal. He was imprisoned in Newgate 
 fur jire:iehin^, and died there. Visitation of Ireland, by 
 E. B. and Francis Howgill, Lon., 1656, 4to. Messnge to 
 the Present Rulers of England, 1659, 4to. . Wholesome 
 Information to the King of England, 1660, fol. Ho did 
 not shrink from bearing his testimony both to Cromwell 
 and Charles II., and obtained from the latter an order to 
 stop the persecutions which his sect were suffering from 
 in New England. He pub. several other treatises. His 
 works were collected in 1 vol. fol. : The Memorable Works 
 of a Son of Thunder and Consolation, 1672. This is now 
 very rare, and hold at a high price. 
 
 Burrough, G. F. Narrative of the Retreat of the 
 British Army from Burgos ; in a series of Letters, 1814, 8vo. 
 
 Burrough, Henry, Prebendary of Peterborough. 
 Lectures on the Catechism, Confirmation, and Religious 
 Vows, 1773, 8vo. 
 
 Burrough, James, M.D. A Case of Bulinea, Phil. 
 Trans., 1700. 
 
 Burrough, John. Visitation Sermon, 1718, 8vo. 
 
 Burroughes, Edward. Essays on Practical Hus 
 bandry and Rural Economy, 1820, 8vo. 
 
 His attention was much turned upon green crops, which he 
 raisod and used very systematically and successfully. The author 
 was not carried away by any reverie, or visionary "schemes; sub 
 stantial utility was close behind every practice, and sanctioned 
 every operation." Donaldson's Affricult. Biog. 
 
 Burroughes, Jeremiah, 1599-1646, a Puritan di 
 vine, educated at Cambridge, was ejected for Nonconform 
 ity. Rector of Titshall, 1631; Minister at Rotterdam; 
 preached at Stepney and Cripplegate, 1642. Excellency 
 of a Generous Spirit, Lon., 1639, Svo. Moses, 1641, 4to. 
 Exposition of the Three First Chapters of Hosea ; new ed., 
 with Notice of the Author, by James Sherman, 1843, Svo. 
 
 " A vory practical and doctrinal work : does not include the last 
 chapter: but Bishop Reynolds and Dr. Sibbs have expositions on 
 
 The Rare Jewel of Christian Contentment, 1649, 4to : 
 new edit,, 1845. 
 
 " This Rare Jewel is truly a jewel, which still shines as bright 
 as ever." 
 
 It is highly commended by Goodwin, Simpson, Green- 
 hill, Bridge, and many of the principal writers of his time. 
 He pub. some other theological treatises. 
 
 " JwoniahRurroagl^ was a writer of much piety, good sense, 
 
 ', alao, fe was gready admired : 
 
 that, if aD Presbyterians had been like Mr. 
 Kke Mr. Burroughes, their differ- 
 
 E. H. and H. B. Gresson. 
 
 :--:.. :-42. N 
 
 Epistle to J t 
 
 The Irish 
 Barry, 
 Serma, 1733, 8ro. 
 
 Brrosh, Jeremiah. Yiew of Popery, im, STO. 
 Job*. Denmt Palnodist: 2 
 
 Burroughs, Borough, or Burrhus, Sir John, 
 d. 1643; was knighted 1624; made Garter King-at-Arms, 
 1633. Impetus Juveniles et qusedam Selectiores aliquan- 
 tulum Animi Epistolae, 1643, Svo. Among the principal 
 names are those of Philip Bacon, Sir Francis Bacon, 
 Thomas Farnabie, Thomas Coppin, and Sir Henry Spel- 
 rnnn. The Sovereignty of the British Seas, proved by 
 Records, History, and the municipall Lawes of the King 
 dom : written in the year 1633, Lon., 1651, 12mo. Wood 
 informs us that Sir John made A Collection of Records in 
 the Tower of London. 
 
 Burroughs, Joseph, 1684-85-1761, a native of Lon 
 don, educated at the University of Leyden, pastor of a 
 Baptist congregation, Barbican, London, 1717, was a man 
 of considerable learning. Two Discourses on Private In 
 stitutions; concerning Baptism, Lon., 1742, Svo. Ser 
 mons, pub. separately, 1713-55. 
 
 Burroughs, Samuel. History of the Chancery ; 
 relating to the Judicial Power of that Court, and Rights 
 of the Master, Lon., 1726, 12mo. 
 
 " Lord King was so much pleased with the work that he re 
 warded the author with a mastership in Chancery." Cooper's De 
 fects of Chancery. 
 
 Legal Judicature in Chancery stated, <5bc., Lon., 1727, 
 Svo. In this work the author is said to have had the as 
 sistance of Mr. (afterwards Bishop) Warburton. Hurd's 
 Life of Warburton. 
 
 Burroughs, Stephen. Life of, by himself. A book 
 once very popular in New Eugland; repub. in Phila., 
 1848. 
 
 Burroughs, or Burroughes, Thomas. A Sove- 
 rain Remedy for all kinds of Grief, Ps. xxxix. 9, 1662, 4to. 
 
 Burroughs, W. K.. Lectures on Genesis, 1848. 
 
 Burrow, Edward J., D.D. Elements of Conchology, 
 Lon., 1815, '18, Svo. Hours of Devotion ; trans, from the 
 German, 1830, Svo. Remarks on the Elgin Marbles, Svo. 
 Scholar's Companion to the Bible, 12mo. A Summary of 
 Christian Faith and Practice, 1822, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " Confirmed by references to the text of Holy Scripture ; com 
 pared with the liturgy, articles, and homilies of the Church of 
 England ; and illustrated by extracts from the chief of those works 
 which received the sanction of public authority, from the time of 
 the Reformation, to the final revision of the established formula 
 ries." 
 
 Burrow, Edward J. Book of Rates on Merchan 
 dise, Glasg., 1774, fol. 
 
 Burrow, Sir James, 1701-1782, appointed Master 
 of the Crown Office in 1724, held this office until his death, 
 making the long term of 58 years. During the 
 
 "Memorable presidency of the great Earl of Mansfield, Sir 
 James seems to have been the first reporter of law cases." 
 
 Reports in K. B. in the time of Lord Mansfield, 1756- 
 72, Lon., 1766, 5 vols. fol. ; 5th edit., with notes and refer 
 ences, by Serjeant Hill, Lon., 1S12, 5 vols. Svo. American 
 edits., Phila,, 1SOS, 5 vols. Svo ; condensed in 2 vols. Svo, 
 New York, 1833. These reports are highly valued as the 
 faithful repositories of Lord Mansfield's decisions. Bur 
 row was a constant attendant at the King's Bench. 
 
 " The material &cts of the cases are luminously detailed." 
 
 "The great reputation of the judge whose decisions Burrow re 
 cords will preserve the reporter's name, like the column designed 
 to perpetuate the fame of some illustrious action, or the memory 
 of a great name." See Marvin's Legal Bibl. : Bridgman's Legal 
 Bibl.; Brooke's Bibl. Leg.; Hoffman's Legal Study. 
 
 Sir James pub. Anecdotes and Observations relating to 
 Cromwell and his Family, 1763, 4to, and some other 
 works. Questions concerning Literary Property in the 
 case Miller r. Taylor, 1773, 4to, will be found at greater 
 length in the Reports, vol. iv. 
 
 Burrow, Reuben, d. 1791, a mathematician, was a 
 native of Hoberley, Yorkshire. Restitution of Apollo- 
 nius on Inclinations : Doctrine of Projectiles, Ac., Lon., 
 1773, 4to. Short Account of Mr. Burrow's Measurement 
 of a Degree of Longitude and one of Latitude, 1796. 
 Some of his papers will be found in the Asiatic Transac 
 tions. He was engaged in making a trigonometrical sur 
 vey of Bengal at the time of his death. 
 
 Burrow. Robert. Happy Influences of Society, 
 merely Civil; a serm., 1723, Svo. Serm., 1729, Svo. 
 
 Bnrrowes, Amyas. Modern Encyclopaedia, 1816. 
 
 Bunrowes, George, born at Trenton, K. J., 1811. 
 j Commentary on the Song of Solomon. Contributor to 
 ' the Princeton Review, Ac. 
 
 Burrowes, J. F. Piano-Forte Primer, Lon., 12mo- 
 Thorough-Bass Primer. 12mo. 
 
 Burrowes, Robert, D.D., Dean of Cork. A Serm., 
 1W, 8ro, Sermons on the First Lessons of the Sunday 
 Morning Service; with 4 Senis. on other rabjeete, 1817, STO. 
 

 BUR 
 
 The language throughout is simple, yet eloquent, and the style, 
 nervous chaste, and^dignified."-C'Amhan Remembrancer. 
 
 Twelve Discourses on the Liturgy of the Church ot Eng 
 land, delivered in the Cathedral of St. Fin-Borr, Cork, 
 
 Burrows, G. Mann, M.D., member of the Royal Coll. 
 of Physicians of Lon., Ac. Commentaries on the Causes, 
 Forms, Symptoms, and Treatment of Insanity, Lon., Svo. 
 "Many persons, professional, as well as extra-professional U** 
 naturallV been dosinms to h-arn tVoni lii.u to what method he has 
 been indebted for su.-h ,-,,,i,,,-..t success. \\ e have no doubt that 
 thev will find their wishes most fully Rratitiod by a perusal of this 
 division of hi* Treatise, in which the plan of treatment has been 
 unfolded with great simplicity, perspicuity, and judgment. 
 Min. Mtd.and Surg.Jmtr., Jan. ami April, 1829. 
 
 It is a work containing an immense collection of Important 
 practical information from varions sources, di.^estedand commented 
 on by a man of sound judgment, accurate observation and exten 
 sive experience." M,-dico-C/,intrgiail Krvirw, Nov. 1828. 
 
 " A faithful guide to the younger practitioner, and a usetul com 
 panion to those of maturer years." DR. CAMPBELL, Physician to 
 the L. C. Lunatic Asylum. 
 
 Your invaluable work on Insanity more minutely and intelli 
 gibly details the causes and treatment of that important malady, 
 in all its modifications and forms, than any 1 have heretofore read. 
 It will in future be my text-book, and I am surerny best guide." 
 Letter frrnn Dr. Pennington, Phy. to the Nottingham Lunatic Asylum . 
 Dr. Burrows has also pub. a treatise On Disorders of tho 
 Cerebral Circulation, Lon., 1848, Svo, pp. 236. 
 
 "We have derived much gratification from the perusal of Dr. 
 Burrows's very able work, and strongly recommend its perusal tc 
 our readers. It is replete with interesting and practically nseinl 
 fects, and well supports the author's reputation as a careful and 
 judicious observer." Medical Gazette. 
 
 Burrows, J., M.D. Essay on Cancers, 1767, Svo. 
 Trans, of a medical treatise by M. De Velnos, 1770, Svo. 
 
 Burscough, Robert. Treatise of Church Govern 
 ment, Lon., 1692, Svo. A Discourse of Schism, 1699, Svo. 
 Other treatises. 
 
 Burscough, Wm., D.D., d. 1755, consecrated Bishop 
 of Limerick, 1725. Sermons pub. separately, 1715, '16, '22. 
 Burslem, Captain Rollo, R.A. A Peep into Toork 
 isthan, Lon., Svo, 1846. 
 
 "It is to our minds one of the most sterling books we have had 
 since Eothen." Cambridge and Oxford Hf.riew. 
 
 Burslem, Willoughby M., M.D., senior physician 
 to the Blenheim street Dispensary. Pulmonary Consump 
 tion and its Treatment, p. Svo. 
 
 "We find a series of original and important observations on the 
 state of the periodical functions of tho female in relation to the 
 development and treatment of phthisis, and a commentary on the 
 various phenomena of the disease, which impress us with tin- <-..u 
 viction that the author Ls as painstaking in his literary pursuit of 
 knowledge as he is evidently a practical physidan." Ism. JM.I 
 Burt, Adam, Surgeon. Med. treatises, 1735, '98. 
 Burt, Captain Edward* Letters from a Gentleman 
 in the North of Scotland to his Friend in London, Lon. 
 1754, 2 vols. Svo; 1757, 2 vols. Svo; 1759, 2 vols. Svo 
 1815, 2 vols. Svo; with large Appendix, Introduction, and 
 Notes, by R. Jamieson, Edin. and Lon., 1818, 2 vols. Svo, 
 Sir Walter Scott contributed some " curious materials" to 
 this edition of this valuable work. See Lockhart's Life of 
 Scott, Index; Scott's Poetical Works, vo). viii., pcurm; 
 Scott's Prose Works, vol. xx. 21, n., Ac. 
 
 Hurt, John T. Results of the syatem of Separate 
 Confinement, as administered at the Pentonville Prison, 
 by J. T. B., Assistant Chaplain, Lon., 1852, Svo. 
 
 Burt, Capt. Richard, R.N. Proc. on Thwsus, 1809. 
 Burt, William. Obs. on Banks, 1810, Svo. Rambles 
 in London, 1811, Svo. Conseq. of the French Revolution 
 to England Considered, 1811, 12mo. 
 
 Burt, William. Christianity; a Poem, Lon,, Svo. 
 Miscellaneous Papers on Scientific Subjects, p. Svo. Ob 
 servations on the Curiosities of Nature, p. Svo. 
 
 Burtenshaw. Letters to Lord Mansfield, 1781, 4 to. 
 Bnrthogge, Richard, M.D. Of infernal Torments, 
 Lon., 1675, Svo. On Divine Goodness, 1670, 8ro. Of 
 Reason and Truth, 1678, Svo. Of the Soul of the World; 
 in a Letter to John Locke, 1699, Svo. Essay upon Hu 
 man Reason, and the Nature of Spirits, 1694, Svo. 
 
 'I*, this essay the author has advanced many things wholly 
 new, (more especially where he treats of the way and manner how 
 spirits do appear.) and concludes with reflections on Dr. Sherlock's 
 notion about individnation." 
 
 "This person, who always kept pace with the fanatic* tempo 
 rized wtththe papists in the reign of Kin* James IL, and there 
 fore was madeVjustfce of peace for Devonshire, which office he 
 kept under King WilL III., as being a favourer of fanatics. He Is 
 looked upon as a person of considerable learning, and of no less 
 pride and ambition," fee Miss's Wood's A then. Oxoiu 
 
 Bu rton, Mr*. Lama, or the Orphan ; a Novel, 1797, 
 2 vols. 12mo. The Fugitive ; a Novel, 2 rob. 12mo. 
 
 Burton, B. Jesus Christ God and Man; a sera, on 
 PbiL ii. 6, 7, 1756, 8ro. Active and Passive Righteous 
 ness of Christ ; three sermons on Jerem. xxiii. 6, 1763, 12mo. 
 
 BUR 
 
 Burton, Charles. Journal of a Voyage from Lon 
 don to MiuK'ini, Now IVovuloneo, ami buck to London, 
 Lon., 1805, Svo. 
 
 Burton, Charles. Lectures on the World before tho 
 Flood, Svo; On the Deluge and World after tho Flood, 
 Svo; On the Millennium, 12mo, 1841, '44, '4ft. 
 
 \\ e have perused t!ie-e UvtuivM with coimlderaMo saUsfcotieu, 
 .1-; furnishing a practical illustration of th,- inllnito U.l.-m. pQWtQ 
 and goodness ,,f th.- (Yeator, and of tho agreement of eUlOS with 
 the imperishable record of revelation." Wtdeyan Mrthxtist My. 
 
 Burton, Charles James. Sermon, Lou., 1811), Svo. 
 A View of the Creation of the World, in illustration of tho 
 Mosaic Record. See DR. WILLIAM BUCKLAND, GKOHUIQ 
 FAIHHOI.MK, and G HOUGH HUGO. 
 
 Burton, Edmund, a Follow of Trinity College, Cam 
 bridge, adopted tho Law as a profession, and classical re 
 searches as a recreation. Tho Satires of Perseus trans, 
 into English Pros,-, \\ith Notes, Lon., .1752, 4to. Charac 
 ters deduced from Classical Remains, 1763, Svo. M. Ma- 
 nilii Astronomicon, libri quinque, Ac., 1783, Svo. In this 
 work Mr. B. takes Dr. Bontley to task. 
 
 When Mr. Hurt ( >n avowed his Intention of Introducing i:.-ni 
 ley for the purpose of laying him prostrate, w c..n.-eix,-.i Hint thin 
 
 new Aristar.-ln; 1 I he w it "I' Iti.y le. tin- arnleness "I ll.-ir... 
 
 the keen penetration of Alexander OuJUUafham, ami th Nolld 
 learning of Klchiird Johnson. . . . Hut when we ha.l taken th.< 
 book into our hands, ibi omnii rffusui Utbor."Lon. MvntMy lit- 
 vitw, Ixxi. 4f7 : rend thin eliiliorate criticism. 
 
 Suicide; a Dis.M-riaiion, 1790, 4to. 
 
 For Home yoarH Mr. Hurton watt aluo a valuable correspondent 
 to tho Gentleman's Magazine, under the anaKrammatln idgnature 
 of Ruben du Mont. lie bad evidently a cultivated Uiito, but was 
 Houiowhat too fond of (angularity. Ills Imagl nation wan lu.l\, 
 lint in.-..ri-r,-t; and liissl\l,- .iniin:il,-.|, hut liiiitnHtli-." Nicholl'l 
 l.it,rri/ Anecdotes, v III. 132. 
 
 Burton, Edward, D.D., 1794-1836, a native of 
 Shrewsbury, was educated at Westminster School, whence 
 he was removed in 1812 to Christ Church, Oxford; took 
 his degree of M.A., 1818; after which ho viitcd tho Con 
 tinent, and recorded his observations In his Antiquities 
 and other curiosities of Rome, 2d edit., Lon., 1828, 2 vols. 
 
 SVO. Thi Work hllH IM-CM eoinmeiicleil lor iic-cilliicy an. I 
 proofs of rcMoitrch. He was iippoinlnl ('unite ..iTHI.-n 
 hall, Staffordshire; selcc.t proaclusr in tho University of 
 Oxford, 1824; Pul.lic Kxiuniner, 1K26; Regius Professor 
 
 of Divinity, 1829. H 
 Considerations on the Absolving 
 Church. TcHtimonicH of the Ant 
 Divinity of Christ, Oxf., 1826, Svo; 
 
 tionM, Oxf., 1K21, Hvo; dillo I" tin- D 
 and to tho Divinity of (lie, Holy (iln 
 
 " IllH TcHtlinonli.'M are Aw.Mve on the 
 which they refer." I)n. K. WILLIAMS 
 
 An Inquiry into the Heresi 
 
 1829. 
 
 ors to tho 
 
 AMI, Il.|<li 
 
 IN:; I, 
 
 ity, 
 
 ,H tO 
 
 f th 
 
 Oxf., 1829, Svo: 8 sermons preached at th 
 
 toll 
 pton Lec 
 
 ture, 1829. The reader will notice the valuable introduc 
 tion in which Dr. Burton refers to 
 
 "The authors whose work* I hav nlthor mywdf consul tod, or a 
 peruwil of which in r<icotnmndd UN MM for making us a- 
 quaintud with the heresies of the Apoxtollc ago." 
 
 An appendix of learned notes odds to the value of this 
 work. 
 
 Attempt to ascertain the Chronology of the Apostles 
 and of St. Paul's Epistles, Oxf., 1S30, Svo. The author 
 remarks that bis Lectures upon the Ecclesiastical Hlstorj 
 of the First Century might have been entitled with equal 
 propriety, Lectures upon the Acts of the Apostles. Leo- 
 tures upon the Ecclesiastical History of the First Tbr* 
 Centuries; from the Crucifixion to A. D. 313, Oxf., 1831- 
 33, 2 vols. Svo; 3d edit, 0*f., 1845, Svo. 
 
 " A truly valuable work. Tho author is one of the most pp. 
 found patristic scholars in Europe," IXNTNDM. 
 
 See a Review in the British Critic, xvll. lift, Greek 
 Testament; with English Notes, Oxf., 1831, 2 rols. Sro; 
 ed., 1852. The text is that of Bishop Ll 
 
 op Lloyd's editions 
 The Note* are explanatory, 
 
 new 
 
 printed at Oxf., 1828, '30. 
 
 philological, and critical 
 
 "In preparing these critical notes, Dr. Burton MilBii1 for 
 himself; with no small labour and attention, tb copious matarials 
 which had bwn collected by Grfesbacb ; and, afteV weighing the 
 evidence adduced by him in fcvrmr of any particular nXttng. Dr. 
 B. noted down all the variations from the received text, wnkh 
 swsa to have a majority of documents in their **9*rf 
 Introduction. 
 
 Sermons preaebed before the Unirertlty of Oxford, l*n., 
 1832, Svo. History of the Christian Chureb from the As- 
 eension of Jesus Christ to the Conversion of Constantino, 
 Lon., 1836, sm. 8vo ; 8tb ed., 1860, See a lUrlew in British 
 Critic, xx. 209, An edit, of bis Works, with a Memoir, has 
 been pub. in 5 rols. Svo, by Mr. J, U. Parker, Oxford. Dr. 
 Burton was noted for hi* persevering industry. 10 
 
BUR 
 
 BUR 
 
 tion to his own writings, he edited and superintended the 
 publication of a number of works. 
 
 " He was an able man, well read in Christian Antiquity ; mild 
 and candid in his temper." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 Burton, Francis. On Benevolence and Philan 
 thropy; an occasional sermon, 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Burton, George. Essay towards reconciling the 
 Numbers of Daniel and St. John; with a supplement, 
 Norwich, 1766-68, 8vo. 
 
 " According to Mr. Burton's calculations, the conversion of the 
 Gentiles, and the Millennium, will commence in the year 2436; the 
 battle of Gog and Magog will begin in 3430, and the Millennium 
 terminate in 3436." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Analysis of two Chronological Tables, 1787, 4to. 
 
 Burton, Henry, b. about 1579, d. 1648, a Puritan 
 divine, was a native of Birstall, Yorkshire, and educated 
 at St. John's College, Cambridge. He became Rector of 
 St. Matthew's, Friday Street, London, about 1626. In 
 1626 he preached and published two sermons, entitled, 
 For God and the King, for which he was sentenced to the 
 pillory, to lose his ears, to a fine of 5000, and to per 
 petual imprisonment. See BASTWICK, JOHN; PRYNNE, 
 WILLIAM. The fine and the imprisonment were remitted 
 by the House of Commons. He recovered his liberty in 
 1640, and was restored to his living. We notice a few of 
 Burton's publications : Censure of Simony, Lon., 1624, 
 4to. The Baiting of the Pope's Bull, 1627, 4to. The 
 Seven Vials, 1627, '28, 4to. Babel no Bethel. Truth's 
 Triumph over Trent, 1629, fol. The Law and the Gospel, 
 Ac., 1631, 4to. England's Bondage and Hope of De 
 liverance, 1641, 4to. Narration of his Life, 1643, 4to. 
 Conformity's Deformity, 1646, 4to. 
 
 Anthony Wood, who seems to have considered Low 
 Churchmen and Dissenters as ferae, naturce, and hardly 
 worth the trouble of conversion into Mansueta, rebukes 
 Burton for his " pragraatiealness and impudence in de 
 monstrating by a letter which he presented to the King, 
 23d Apr., 1625, how popishly affected were Dr. Neile and 
 Dr. Laud, his continual attendants." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Burton, Henry. Fast Sermon, 1665, 4to. 
 
 Burton, Hezekiah, d. 1681, educated at, and Fel 
 low and Tutor of, Magdalen College, Oxford, became Rector 
 of St. George's, Southwark, 1667 ; Rector of Barnes, Sur 
 rey, 1680. He wrote the Alloquium ad Lectorem prefixed 
 to Cumberland's treatise, De Legibus Naturae. Sermons, 
 Lon., 1684, '85, 2 vols. 8vo, posth. ; pub. by Dr. Tillotson. 
 
 Burton, J. Lectures on Female Education and Man 
 ners, Lon., 1793, 2 vols. 12mo. Guide for Youth, 1814, 12mo. 
 
 Burton, John. History of Eriander, Lon., 1661, 8vo. 
 Antiquitates Capellae D. Joannis Evangelistae hodiascholae 
 Regiae Norwicensis, 1712, 8vo. 
 
 Burton, John, D.D., 1696-1771, a native of Wemb- 
 worthy, Devonshire, was educated and appointed tutor at 
 Corpus Christ! College, Oxford ; Fellow of Eton, and Vicar 
 of Mapledurham, Oxfordshire, 1733 ; Rector of Worples- 
 don, Surrey, 1766. Two volumes of his Occasional Ser 
 mons, preached before the University of Oxford, were pub. 
 in 1764. His style is considered pedantic, yet not without 
 elegance, and has been distinguished as the " Burtonian 
 style." Churchill ridicules its peculiarities : 
 
 " So dull his thoughts, yet pliant in their growth, 
 They're verse, or prose, are neither, or are both." 
 
 But the poet disliked our author's opposition to Wilkes. 
 He pub. in 1744 a vindication of Clarendon's Hist, of the 
 Rebellion, and in 1760 his three sermons on University 
 politics. His Opuscula Miscellanea Theologica, from which 
 The Parish Priest was trans, by the Rev. Davis Warren 
 in 1800, appeared in 1771, Oxon., 2 vols. 8vo. Mr. Burton 
 pyb. some other works. It was at his expense that in 
 1758 Joseph Bingham's unfinished edit, of the Pentalogia 
 was pub. It was reprinted by Thomas Burgess, Oxon., 
 1779, 2 vols. 8vo. His Life was written in Latin De vita 
 etmoribus Johannis Burtoni, 1771 by Dr. Edw. Bentham, 
 his relation, and canon of Christ Church. A trans, of it 
 will be found in the Gent, Mag. for 1771. See Biog. Brit. 
 
 Burton, John, M.D., 1697-1771, an eminent anti 
 quary, was a native of Rippon, Yorkshire. He studied 
 for some time at Ley den, and appears to have graduated 
 as doctor at Rheims. He settled at York, where he prac 
 tised with great reputation. A Treatise on the Non-natu 
 rals, York, 1738, 8vo. Account of the life and writings of 
 Boerhaave, Lon., 1743, 8vo. With this eminent man Bur 
 ton had become acquainted whilst residing abroad. Essay 
 towards the Complete System of Midwifery, Theoretical as 
 well as Practical, Lon., 1751, 8vo. Iter Surriense et Sus- 
 eexiense, Lon., 1752, 8vo. Letter to William Smellie, Lon., 
 1753, 8vo. Monasticon Eboracensi, and the Ecclesiastical 
 History of Yorkshire, vol. i. York, 1758, fol. ; all pub. 
 
 " Dr. Burton has been justly styled one of our first men in mo 
 nastic antiquities, his work infinitely surpassing Sir William 
 Dugdale's." HalstecTs Letter to Ducarel. 
 
 Dr. Burton is supposed to have been the original of Dr. 
 Slop in Sterne's Tristram Shandy. 
 
 Burton, John Hill, "son of Lieut. Burton, of the 
 94th Regiment of Foot, was educated for the Scottish Law, 
 and passed advocate, 1831. He was a contributor to the 
 later volumes and to the Supplement of the Penny Cyclo 
 pedia, chiefly on subjects connected with Scottish Law. 
 In 1842 he assisted Sir John Bowring in preparing the 
 collected works of Jeremy Bentham," 11 vols. r. 8vo. 
 Introduc. to the Study of Bentham's Works, Lon., r. 8vo. 
 Manual of the Law of Scotland, 1844-47, 3 vols. p. 8vo, 
 Ac. Political and Social Economy, 1849, 12mo. Lives 
 of Simon, Lord Lovat, and Duncan Forbes : from Original 
 Sources, Lon., 1847, p. 8vo. Life and Correspondence of 
 David Hume, 2 vols. 8vo; last ed., 1850. 
 
 " We rejoice to see the entire treasure [Hume's Letters] produced 
 in a manner so highly creditable to all concerned." Lon. Lit. Gaz. 
 
 " These volumes must ever hold a high rank in the history of 
 English philosophy." Lon. Athen. 
 
 The Law of Bankruptcy, Insolvency, and Mercantile 
 Sequestration in Scotland, 1845, 2 vols. r. 8vo. 
 
 "This work reflects credit on the Scottish bar. In fulness and 
 lucidity of general proposition, in vigour and accuracy of critical 
 inquiry, in scope of research and terse power of thought and ex 
 pression, it stands in honourable contrast with the great herd of 
 text-books." Law Magazine. 
 
 Ed. Letters of Eminent Persons addressed to David 
 Hume : from the Papers bequeathed by his Nephew to the 
 Roy. Soc. of Edinburgh, 1849, 8vo. Narratives from 
 Criminal Trials in Scotland, 1852, 2 vols. 8vo. The His 
 tory of Scotland from the Revolution to the Extinction of 
 the Last Jacobite Insurrection, 1689-1748, 1853, 2 vols. 
 8vo. To Mr. Burton we are also indebted for some other 
 works, and for the Law articles in Waterston's Cyclopaedia 
 of Commerce. 
 
 Burton, Nic. Figurae Grammaticae et Rhetoricae, 
 Lon., 1702, 12mo. 
 
 Burton, Philip, d. 1792. The Practice of the Office 
 of Pleas in the Court of Exchequer Epitomized, Lon., 
 1770, 8vo. The same subject, with Additions, Ac., 1791, 
 2 vols. 8vo. Other legal compilations, 1770, '91, and a 
 treatise on Annihilation, 1792, 8vo. 
 
 Burton, Philippiana. A Rhapsody, 1769, 4to. 
 
 " Love and all its raptures is the subject of this lady's incoherent 
 rant, which she calls a Rhapsody. Her performance undoubtedly 
 calls for censure; but her motives to printing may possibly entitle 
 her to compassion. We shall, therefore, at present take no further 
 notice of this Nat. Lee in petticoats." ion. Month. Rev., 1769, 156. 
 
 Burton, Richard Francis, b. 1823, son of Col. 
 Joseph N. Burton, of Tuam, Galway, Ireland ; left Ox 
 ford in 1842, and proceeded to Bombay, thence to Sindh 
 under Sir Charles Napier in 1843, and served for some 
 years in the survey conducted by Col. Walter Scott, Bom 
 bay Engineers. 1. Transactions of the Bombay Asiatic 
 Society; two papers, 1849. 2. Goa and the Blue Moun 
 tains, Lon., 1850, p. 8vo. 3. Sindh; or, The Unhappy 
 Valley, 1852, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 4. History of Sindh, 8vo. 
 5. Falconry in the Valley of the Indus, p. 8vo. 6. Com 
 plete System of Bayonet-Exercise. In 1853, sent by 
 the Royal Geographical Soc. of Great Britain to explore 
 Arabia. 7. Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El- 
 Medina and Meccah, Lon., 3 vols. 8vo : i., ii., 1856; Hi., 
 1857 ; Amer. ed., " abridged and condensed," with Intro 
 duction by Bayard Taylor, 1856, 12mo, pp. 492. Com 
 mended by the Lon. Athenaeum, 1855, 865, (vols. i. and 
 ii.,) and 1856, 135, (vol. ii.) See also 394, 428. 
 
 "We gave our general opinion of Mr. Burton's enterprise, saga 
 city, and information when the larger part of his work was before 
 us. We have now said enough to show that its completion is not 
 less curious or less valuable." Ubi supra, 1856, 136. 
 
 8. First Footsteps in East Africa ; or, An Exploration 
 of Harar, Lon., 1856, 8vo. 
 
 "A curious record of a curious enterprise. . . . The public will 
 find 'First Footsteps in East Africa' very agreeable reading." 
 Lon. Athen., 1856, 895, q.v. 
 
 Burton, Robert, 1576-1639-40, a native of Lindley, 
 Leicestershire, received the first rudiments of learning at 
 the free school of Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire, and at 
 the grammar-school of Nuneaton. See Anat. of Melan 
 choly ; his will ; and Athen. Oxon. He was admitted of 
 Brazennose College, Oxford, 1593; elected a student of 
 Christ Church, 1599; Reader of Sentences, 1614; Vicar 
 of St Thomas, Oxford, 1616; presented by George, Lord 
 Berkeley, to the rectory of Seagrave, Leicestershire, 1636. 
 I He retained this post and his vicarage until his death, 
 January 25, 1639-40. It is said that from his calculation 
 } of his nativity he predicted that he would die on or about 
 ) the above date : 
 
BUR 
 
 Which being exact, several of the students did not forbear to ' 
 whisper among themselves that, rather than there should be a 
 mistake in the calculation, he sent up his soul to heaven thro' a 
 slip about his neck." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 We should mention that on the left side of Burton's 
 monument the curious reader may see the calculation 
 of his nativity,- and his bust, painted to the life, adds 
 to the interest of this memento of a most remarkable 
 character. He bequeathed many of his books to the 
 Bodleian Library ; and they form one of its most curious 
 collections. As the author of The Anatomy of Melan 
 choly what it is, with all the kinds, causes, symptoms, 
 prognostics, and several cures of it Burton's name will 
 descend to remotest generations. It is next to impos 
 sible that so profound a treatise on a mental disorder 
 to which a state of high intellectual cultivation is perhaps 
 peculiarly liable can ever be permanently buried in the 
 libraries of the learned. The 1st edit, was pub. in 1621, 
 4to, (Ferriar gives 1617, but he errs;) and its popularity 
 is evinced by the rapidity with which editions followed 
 each other : 1624, '28, '32, '38, '51, '52, '60, '76, 1728, '38, 
 fol. The eulogy of Dr. Johnson " Burton's Anatomy of 
 Melancholy," he said, " was the only book that ever took 
 him out of bed two hours sooner than he wished to rise" 
 excited some curiosity to see so attractive a work, and an 
 edit, was pub. in 1800, fol., and another in 1806, 2 vols. 
 8vo; also in 1827, 2 vols. 8vo; 1836, 8vo; 1837, 2 vols 
 8vo; 1838, 8vo; 1845, 8vo; 1849, 8vo. The author 
 man of great erudition and wit was subject to hypo 
 chondria, under which he suffered acutely: 
 
 " He composed this book with a view of relieving his own me 
 lancholy, but increased it to such a degree, that nothing could 
 make him laugh, but going to the bridge foot, and hearing the 
 ribaldry of the bargemen, which rarely failed to throw him into a 
 violent fit of laughter. Before he was overcome with this horrif 
 disorder, he, in the intervals of his vapours, was esteemed one of 
 the most facetious companions in the university." GRANGER. 
 
 " He was an exact mathematician, a curious calculator of nativi 
 ties, a general read scholar, a thoro' pac'd philologist, and one tha 
 understood the surveying of lands well. As he was by many ac 
 counted a severe student, a devourer of authors, a melancholy am 
 humorous person ; so by others, who knew him well, a person ol 
 great honesty, plain dealing and charity. I have heard some ol 
 the ancients of Ch. Ch. often say that his company was very merry 
 facete and juvenile, and no man in his time did surpass him for his 
 ready and dextrous interlarding his common discourses among 
 them with verses from poets, or sentences from classical authors 
 Which being then all the fashion in the university made his com 
 pany more acceptable." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Charles Lamb mentions some " curious fragments from 
 a commonplace book which belonged to Robert Burton 
 the famous author of The Anatomy of Melancholy," bu 
 we know of no publication save the Anatomy. Dibdin 
 supposes that DR. TIMOTHY BRIGHT'S (q. v.) Treatise ol 
 Melancholic, 1586, was the prototype of Burton's work 
 and it has been also insinuated that Boaystuau's Theatrum 
 Mundi gave him some useful hints. These surmises mai 
 or may not be true ; but of fathering books by means oi 
 supposed resemblances, there is no end. Whether Burton 
 helped himself to his predecessors' labours or not, it i 
 certain that he himself has been most unmercifully pil 
 laged. It is very true that "from his storehouse of learn 
 ing, interspersed with quaint observations and witty illus 
 trations, many modern writers have drawn amply, without 
 acknowledgment, particularly Sterne, who has copied the 
 best of his pathetic as well as humorous passages." ' See 
 Ferriar's Illustrations of Sterne, Lon., 1812, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Where the temptation is so great, we need not marvel at 
 the theft. Lord Byron declares 
 
 "Burton's 'Anatomy of Melancholy' is the most amusing and 
 instructive medley of quotations and classical anecdotes I ever 
 perused. 
 
 " If the reader has patience to go through his volumes, he will 
 be more improved for literary conversation than by the perusal 
 of any twenty other works with which I am acquainted." 
 
 To Mr. Tegg's beautiful edit., Lon., 1845, 8vo, are pre 
 fixed some commendatory notices which we present to the 
 reader, not without hopes of inducing him to procure the 
 work, if he happen to be without it. 
 
 " The Anatomy of Melancholy, wherein the author hath piled 
 up variety of much excellent learning. Scarce any book of philo 
 logy in our land hath, in so short a time, passed so many editions." 
 Fuller's Worthies, fol. 16. 
 
 " 'Tis a book so full of variety of reading, that gentlemen who 
 have lost their time, and are put to a push for invention, may fur 
 nish themselves with matter for common or scholastical discourse 
 and writing." Wood's Athen. Oxon. vol. i. p. 628. 2d edit. 
 
 " If you never saw Burton upon Melancholy, printed 1676, pray 
 look into it, and read the ninth page of his Preface, ' Democritus to 
 the Reader.' There is something there which touches the point 
 we are upon ; but I mention the author to you, as the pleasantest, 
 the most learned, and the most full of sterling sense. The wits 
 of Queen Anne's reign, and the beginning of George the First, 
 
 BUR 
 
 were not a little beholden to him." Archbishop Herring 't Letters, 
 12mo, 1777, p. 149. 
 
 " ' Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy is a valuable book,' said Dr. 
 Johnson. ' It is perhaps overloaded with quotation. But there 
 is great spirit and great power in what Burton says when he writes 
 from his own mind.' "Bo.-weirs Life of Johnson, vol. ii. p. 325. 
 
 "It will be no detraction from the power of Milton's original 
 genius and invention, to remark, that he seems to have borrowed 
 the subject of L'AUegro and II Penseroso, together with some par 
 ticular thoughts, expressions, and rhymes, more especially the 
 idea of a contrast between these two dispositions, from a forgotten 
 poem prefixed to the first edition of Burton's Anatomy of Melan 
 choly, entitled, 'The Author's Abstract of Melancholy; or, A Dia 
 logue between Pleasure and Pain.' Here pain is melancholy. It 
 was written, as I conjecture, about the year 1600. 1 will make no 
 apology for abstracting and citing as much of this poem as will be 
 sufficient to prove, to a discerning reader, how far it had taken 
 possession of Milton's mind. The measure will appear to be the 
 same ; and that our author was at least an attentive reader of 
 Burton's book, may be already concluded from the traces of re 
 semblance which I have incidentally noticed in passing through 
 the V Allegro and 11 Penseroso. ... As to the very elaborate work 
 to which these visionary verses are no unsuitable introduction, 
 the writer's variety of learning, his quotations from scarce and 
 curious books, his pedantry sparkling with rude wit and shapeless 
 elegance, miscellaneous matter, intermixture of agreeable tales 
 and illustrations, and, perhaps, above all, the singularities of his 
 feelings, clothed in an uncommon quaintness of style, have con 
 tributed to render it, even to modern readers, a valuable repository 
 of amusement and information." Warton's Milton, 2d edit., p. 94. 
 " The Anatomy of Melancholy is a book which has been univer 
 sally read and admired. This work is. for the most part, what the 
 author himself styles it, 'a cento;' but it is a very ingenious one. 
 His quotations, which abound in every page, are pertinent; but 
 if he had made more use of his invention, and less of his common 
 place book, his work would perhaps have been more valuable than 
 it is. He is generally free from the affected language and ridicu 
 lous metaphors which disgrace most of the books of his time." 
 Granger's Biographical History. 
 
 " Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy, a book once the favourite 
 of the learned and the witty, and a source of surreptitious learn 
 ing, though written on a regular plan, consists chiefly of quota 
 tions : the author has honestly termed it a cento. He collects, un 
 der every division, the opinions of a multitude of writers, without 
 regard to chronological order, and has too often the modesty to 
 decline the interposition of his own sentiments. Indeed, the bulk 
 of his materials generally overwhelms him. In the course of his 
 folio he has contrived to treat a great variety of topics, that seem 
 very loosely connected with the general subject; and, like Bayle, 
 when he starts a favourite train of quotations, he does not scruple 
 to let the digression outrun the principal question. Thus, from 
 the doctrines of religion to military discipline, from inland navi 
 gation to the morality of dancing-schools, every thing is discussed 
 and determined." Ffrriar's llluftrations of Sterne, p. 58. 
 
 " The archness which Burton displays occasionally, and his in 
 dulgence of playful digressions from the most serious discussions, 
 often give his style an air of familiar conversation, notwithstand 
 ing the laborious collections which supply his text. He was capa 
 ble of writing excellent poetry, but he seems to have cultivated 
 this talent too little. The English verses prefixed to his book, 
 which possess beautiful imagery, and great sweetness of versifica 
 tion, have been frequently published. His Latin elegiac verses 
 addressed to his book, show a very agreeable turn for raillery." 
 Ibid. p. 58. 
 
 "When the force of the subject opens his own vein of prose, we 
 discover valuable sense and brilliant expression. Such is his ac 
 count of the first feelings of melancholy persons, written, proba 
 bly, from his own experience." Ibid, p. 60. 
 
 "During a pedantic age, like that in which Burton's production 
 appeared, it must have been eminently serviceable to writers of 
 many descriptions. Hence the unlearned might furnish themselves 
 with appropriate scraps of Greek and Latin, whilst men of letters 
 would find their enquiries shortened, by knowing where they might 
 look for what both ancients and moderns had advanced on the sub 
 ject of human passions. I confess my inability to point out any 
 other English author who has so largely dealt in apt and original 
 quotation." Manuscript Note of the late George Steevens, Esq., in 
 his copy of The Anatomy of Melancholy. 
 
 See the amusing synopsis of the BIBLIOMANIA appended 
 to Dibdin's invaluable work by this title. The vivacious 
 BIBLIOGRAPHER here avowedly takes a leaf from the erudite 
 hypochondriac. 
 
 Burton, Robert, is a name which occurs in the title- 
 page of a number of very popular historical and miscella 
 neous compilations, pub. (and supposed to have been writ 
 ten) by Nathaniel Crouch, from 1681-1736. These are 
 such as Historical Rarities in London and Westminster, 
 1681 ; Wonderful Curiosities, Rarities, and Wonders in 
 England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1682 ; History of Scotland, 
 1685; Curiosities of England, 1691; Unparalleled Varieties, 
 1699; General History of Earthquakes, 1736, <fec. The 
 list, which is a long one, will be found in Chalmers's Biog. 
 Diet. ; Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Lowndes's Bibl. Manual. The 
 collection includes History, Travels, Fiction, Nat. History, 
 Customs, Biography, &c. Some were reprinted in 6 vols. 
 4to, 1810, '13. The original edits, have occasionally brought 
 high prices as curiosities : 
 
 The following letter from Dr. Johnson to "Mr. Dilly in 
 the Poultry," is interesting in this connection : 
 
 "January 6, 1784. 
 
 " SIR, There is in the world a set of books which used to be sold 
 
 307 
 
BUR 
 
 BUR 
 
 by the booksellers on the bridge, and which I must entreat you to ' 
 procure me. They are called BURTON'S Books: the title of one is 
 ' Admirable Curiosities, Rarities, and Wonders in England.' I be 
 lieve there are about five or six of them [perhaps about 40!] 
 they seem very proper to allure backward readers ; be so kind as 
 to get them for me, and send me them with the best printed edition 
 of ' Baxter's Call to the Unconverted.' I am, Ac., 
 
 " SAM. JOHNSON." 
 
 Dunton includes Crouch in his notices : 
 " R. B., (alias Nat. Crouch,) is become a celebrated Author. I 
 think I have given you the very soul of his Character when I have 
 told you that his talent lies at Collection. He has melted down 
 the best of our English Histories into Twelve-penny Books which 
 are Oiled with wonders, rarities, and curiosities ; for you must know 
 his Title-pages are a little swelling. However, Nat. Crouch is a very 
 ingenious person, and can talk fine things upon any subject. In 
 a word, Nat. Crouch is a Phoenix Author ; I mean the only man 
 that gets an estate by writing of Books." Lift and Errors. 
 
 Dunton speaks in high terms of Nat's brother, Samuel 
 Crouch : 
 
 " He is just and punctual in all his dealings; never speaks ill of 
 any man; has a swinging soul of his own; would part with all 
 he has to serve a friend; and that's enough for one BOOKSELLER!" 
 Ibid. 
 
 We commend Mr. Crouch's character to the study of our 
 amiable and much-abused friends, the Bibliopoles of the 
 present day. 
 
 Burton, Samuel. Sermon, 1620, 4to. 
 
 Burton, Thomas. Thanksgiving serm., 1713, 8vo. 
 
 Burton, Thomas, member of the Parliaments of 
 
 Oliver and Richard Cromwell : his Diary from 1656 to 1659, 
 
 now first pub. from the original autograph MS. ; edited 
 
 and illustrated by J. T. Rutt, Lon., 1828, 4 vols. 8vo. These 
 
 curious MSS. were discovered among the papers of Henry 
 
 Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, "and own their publication to 
 
 the same assiduous bibliographer who brought to light the 
 
 Memoirs of Eveleyn and Pepys." 
 
 " This Work serves to fill up the chasm so long existing in our 
 Parliamentary History. The recovery of the debates of the Crom 
 well Parliaments, taken on the spot by one of the very members, 
 is little short of a miracle." Neiv Monthly Mag. 
 
 "The great interest of the book is Cromwell himself." Lon. 
 Gent. Mag. 
 
 " These volumes overflow with information respecting the prin 
 ciples and proceedings of the Legislature during a most important 
 period of English History. Every library which pretends to con 
 tain an historical collection, must possess itself of Burton's Diary : 
 it is as indispensable as Burnet or Clarendon." Lon. Atlas. 
 
 It is supposed that Burton's memoranda were taken for 
 the information of Lord Clarendon, (in whose writing the 
 MS. is,) then residing abroad with King Charles. 
 
 Burton,W. Exposition of the Lord's Prayer,Lon.,1594, 
 16mo. Seven Dialogues, both pithie and profi table,1606,4to. 
 Burton, W. H. Law of Real Property; 6th edit, 
 with Notes, by E. P. Cooper, Lon., 8vo ; 7th ed., 1850. 
 
 " A most valuable publication. It is learned, precise, and accu 
 rate, and ' there is not to be found in it a superfluous word.' " 
 It must be a philological curiosity, truly ! 
 Burton, William, 1575-1681, an eminent antiquary, 
 was elder brother to the celebrated author of The Anatomy 
 of Melancholy, (q. v.) He was entered of Brasenose Col 
 lege, Oxford, 1591, admitted of the Inner Temple, 1593. 
 He distinguished himself by A Description of Leicester 
 shire, concerning Matters of Antiquity, History, Armours, 
 and Genealogy, Lon., 1622, fol. The author made many 
 improvements and additions in MS. It is now entirely su 
 perseded by Nichols's History of Leicestershire. 
 
 " His natural genius leading him to the studies of Heraldry, 
 Genealogies, and Antiquities, he became excellent in those obscure 
 and intricate matters; and, look upon him as a gentleman, was 
 accounted by all that knew him to be the best of his time for those 
 studies, as may appear by his Description of Leicestershire." 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 " The reputation of Burton's book arises from its being -written 
 early, and preceded only by Lambarde's Kent, 1576, Carew's Corn 
 wall, 1602, and Norden's Survey; and it is in comparison only of 
 these, and not of Dugdale's more copious work, that we are to un 
 derstand the praises so freely bestowed on it." GOUOH. 
 
 Burton also drew up the Corollary of Leland's Life, pre 
 fixed to the Collectanea. 
 
 Burton, William, d. 1667, an antiquary, was entered 
 of Queen's College, Oxford, in 1625. He was master of 
 the free Grammar School at Kingston-upon-Thames until 
 1655. Laudatio Funeb/is in Obitum D. Thomse, Atheni. 
 Oxon., 1633, 4to. Annotations on the First Epistle of 
 Clement the Apostle to the Corinthians, 1647, 4to Greecse 
 Linguae Historica, 1657, 8vo. Catalogue of the Religious 
 Houses in England, with their valuations, at the time of 
 the dissolution of the Monasteries : see Speed's Chron. at 
 the end of Henry VIII. A Commentary on Antoninus's 
 Itinerary, 1658, fol. This work caused Bishop Kennett to 
 style Burton the best topographer since Camden. Our 
 author also trans. The Beloved City, from the Latin of 
 Alstedius. 
 Burton, William, minister of the Cathedral Church 
 
 in Norwich. Catechistne, Lon., 1591, 8vo. Seven sermons, 
 1592, 8vo. A Caveat for Sureties ; two sermons on Prov. 
 vi. 1-5, 1593, 8vo. Sermons, 1590, '95. 
 
 Burton, William, a bookseller in London. Super 
 stition, Fanaticism, and Faction; a Poem, 1781, 4to. Re 
 searches into the Phraseology, Manners, History, and Re 
 ligion of the ancient Eastern Nations, as illustrative of the 
 Sacred Scriptures, <fcc., Lon., 1805, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Mostly a compilation which contains materials of various value. 
 There are a number of good criticisms, and some of a trifling na 
 ture. The introduction contains remarks on the Septua<rint, the 
 Samaritan Pentateuch, and the Talmud." Orme's BM. Brit. 
 
 Burton, William, M.D., Windsor. On Viper-Catchers ; 
 Phil. Trans., 1736. Internal Cancers; ib., 1742. 
 
 Burton, William Evans, b. 1804, at London, son 
 of the following, a distinguished comedian, made his first 
 appearance in New York in a complimentary benefit given 
 to Samuel Woodworth, the poet 1. Yankee among the 
 Mermaids, Phila., 12mo. 2. Cyclopedia of Wit and Hu 
 mor; comprising a Unique Collection of Complete Articles 
 and Specimens of Written Humor from Celebrated Hu 
 morists of America, England, Ireland, and Scotland, 
 illustrated, N.Y., 1858, 2 vols. 8vo. See South. Lit. Mes 
 senger, July, 1858. 
 
 " The aim of this work is to furnish all who would seek in the 
 brilliant fancies of the humorist a relaxation from the cares of 
 business or a resource to enliven hours of dulness, or who would 
 peruse with an appreciating eye the writings of the most gifted 
 humorous authors who have enlivened the English language by 
 their wit and genius ; to furnish to all, in short, who love a genial 
 and lively book such a selection as shall satisfy the mirth-craving 
 nature." 
 
 Edited Cambridge Quarterly Review, England ; Re 
 flector, Eng. ; Burton's Gentleman's Magazine, Phila., 
 7 vols. ; Literary Souvenir, an Annual, 1838, '40. Con- 
 trib. to London old Monthly Mag., Lon. Athen, N.Y. 
 Knickerbocker, <fec. 
 
 Burton, William George, b. 1774, at London. 
 Biblical Researches. A work of great erudition. 
 
 Burton, W. W. State of Religion and Education in 
 New South Wales, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Bury, Arthur, an English divine, was ejected from 
 Oxford in consequence of his work, The Naked Gospel, 
 Oxf., 1691, fol. The University ordered this Socinian 
 treatise to be burned. He pub. some sermons, 1660, '62, 
 '82, '92. 
 
 Bury, Arthur. Agricult Con. to Phil. Trans., 170S ; 
 on manuring land with Sea Sand. 
 
 Bury, Lady Charlotte, formerly Lady Charlotte 
 Campbell, " the beauty of the Argyle family," was an 
 early patroness of the youthful genius of Sir Walter 
 Scott She was " always distinguished by her passion for 
 elegant letters," and was accustomed " in pride of rank, 
 in beauty's bloom, to do the honours of Scotland" to the 
 literary celebrities of the day. It was at one of her par 
 ties that Scott became personally acquainted with Monk 
 Lewis. He writes to George Ellis, 2d March, 1802 : 
 
 " I am glad you have seen the Marquess of Lorn, whom I have 
 met frequently at the house of his charming sister, Lady Charlotte 
 Campbell; whom, I am sure, if you are acquainted with her, you 
 must admire as much as I do." 
 
 Lady Charlotte introduced him to Lady Anne Hamilton, 
 and the poet had an opportunity of confirming the good 
 impression made by the perusal of Glenfinlas, and The 
 Eve of St. John. Lady Charlotte Bury, left a widow, was 
 appointed to a place in the household of the Princess of 
 Wales, afterwards Queen Charlotte. When the Diary il 
 lustrative of the Times of George IV. appeared, (4 vols. 
 8vo,) it was thought to bear evidence of a familiarity with 
 the scenes depicted which could only be attributed to Lady 
 Charlotte. It was reviewed with much severity, and 
 charged to her Ladyship by Lord Brougham. We are not 
 aware that the charge has ever been denied. The Quar 
 terly Review joined in the condemnation. The book sold 
 rapidly ; several editions were disposed of in a few weeks ; 
 for there is a natural desire to know that which should not 
 be told, especially if the actors be conspicuous for rank or 
 celebrity. Lady Charlotte has published, also, a number 
 of novels of the "Minerva" school, some of which have 
 had a large circulation. Among them are Alia Giornata; 
 or To The Day, 3 vols. p. 8vo. The Devoted, 3 vols. p. 
 8vo. The Disinterested and the Ensnared, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 Family Records; or The Two Sisters, 3 vols. p. Svo. 
 Flirtation, 3 vols. p. Svo. Love, 3 vols. p. Svo. Separa 
 tion, 3 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 Bury, Mrs. Elizabeth, d. 1720, aged 76, a native 
 of Linton, Cambridgeshire, England, was noted for her 
 knowledge of Hebrew, and wrote some critical disserta 
 tions upon the idioms of that language, left in MS. at her 
 
BUR 
 
 BUS 
 
 death. Her husband pub. her Life and Diary, and Dr. 
 Watts wrote an elegy to her memory. 
 
 Bury, Edward. A Guide to Glory, Lon., 1675, 8vo. 
 The Deadly Danger of Drunkenness, 1671, 8vo. The 
 Husbandman's Companion, 1677, 8vo : " 100 directions 
 suited to men of that employment." 
 
 Bury, James. Advice to the Commons, 1685, 4to. 
 
 Bury, John. Sermon, 1631, 4to. 
 
 Bury, Richard de. See RICHARD DE BURY. 
 
 Bury, Samuel* Funeral Sermon, 1707, 8vo. 
 
 Bury, Talb. Remains of Ecclesiastical Woodwork, 
 Lon., 1847, fol. Rudimentary Styles of Architecture, 
 1849, 12mo. 
 
 Busby, C. A. Architect. Designs for Villages, &c., 
 Lon., 1808, 4to. 
 
 Busby, Richard, D.D., 1606-1695, the most cele 
 brated pedagogue that England has ever seen, was a king's 
 scholar at Westminster, and elected a student of Christ 
 Church, Oxford, where he took the degree of B.A., 1628; 
 M.A., 1631; D.D., 1660; and Prebendary of Westminster 
 the same year. About 1640 he was appointed Head 
 Master of Westminster School, where he flourished save 
 the time of Bagshaw's short triumph for 55 years. See 
 BAGSHAW, EDWARD. Dr. Busby was certainly successful 
 in his profession. 
 
 " He bred up the greatest number of learned scholars that ever 
 adorned any age or nation." 
 
 It is said that when the king entered his school-room, 
 Busby would not remove his hat, not being willing that 
 his boys should think that their master had any superior, 
 and considering that he was as much a sovereign in his 
 school as his majesty was in the kingdom. His liberal use 
 of the birch, as a stimulus to latent genius, has become 
 proverbial. This was one of the charges brought against 
 the doctor by Bagshaw, also a teacher in the school. The 
 whipping master was shocked at the loose discipline of his 
 more gentle associate. Bagshaw says, 
 
 " Mr. Busby hath oft complained to me. and seemed to take it ill, 
 that I did not use the rod enough. ... I would wish there were some 
 order taken to limit and restrain the exorbitance of punishment; 
 that poor little boys may not receive thirty or forty, nay, some 
 times sixty, lashes at a time for small and inconsiderable faults." 
 
 But Busby by no means gave up the point. He de 
 clared that the rod was his sieve, and that whoever could 
 not pass through that, was no boy for him. Not desiring 
 his opponents to rest satisfied with his theory, he pointed 
 to the Bench of Bishops, where sat sixteen " grave and 
 reverend" prelates, formerly his pupils. How could loyal 
 adherents of Church and State withstand this argument? 
 If No Bishop no Church, and No Bishop no King, and No 
 Birch no Bishop, let flagellation reign ! When South 
 afterwards so celebrated a divine came to Busby, he was 
 as heavy, untractable, and stubborn a chiel as ever tried 
 the patience of a Dominie. But the master of Westmin 
 ster gauged his mind. He discovered far in the depths 
 indeed genius of no common order. Busby determined 
 to bring it to light. 
 
 " I see," said he, "great talents in that sulky boy, and I shall 
 endeavour to bring them out." 
 
 South was now put through a course of exercises of the 
 most animated and vigorous character. The process was 
 a tedious one, a painful one but it succeeded. Busby, 
 triumphant, laid by the rod for the benefit of the next -un 
 developed genius, and South ascended the pulpit stairs, 
 perhaps the first preacher in England. That he, too, was 
 not, with the sixteen other scholars of Busby, a bishop, 
 was his own fault. Doubtless Dr. South and his former 
 preceptor often referred to these touching scenes, when in 
 after days the old schoolmaster took his seat, an honoured 
 guest at the celebrated churchman's table. Busby was 
 not only a profound classical scholar, but his powers of 
 oratory, and even of acting, were most remarkable. Had 
 he adopted the stage as a profession, he would probably 
 have been as distinguished as Betterton or Garrick. He 
 pub. some grammatical works, in the preparation of which 
 he probably permitted his ushers to aid him. Such is 
 Wood's conjecture. 
 
 A Short Institution of Grammar, 1647, 8vo. Juvenalis 
 et Persii Satirse, 1656. An English Introduction to Latin, 
 1659. Martialis Epigrammata selecta, 1661. Graecae 
 Grammaticse Rudimenta, 1663. Nomenclatura Brevis 
 Reformata, 1667. Rudimentum Grammaticae Graeco-La- 
 tinae Metricum, 1689, 8vo; and two or three other treatises. 
 
 Busby, Thomas, Mus. Doc. General History of 
 Music, 1819, 2 vols. 8vo. This is an abridgt. of the His 
 tories of BURNEY and HAWKINS, (q. v.,) with additions and 
 essays on the lives of celebrated musicians. Musical Bio 
 graphy, or Memoirs of the Lives and Writings of the 
 
 most eminent Musical Composers and Writers of the last 
 centuries, including those now living, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " In the execution of this work, it has been the intention of the 
 author to supply the lovers and professors of music with such 
 anecdotes of the lives, and such observations ou the writings, 
 printed and manuscript, of eminent masters, as may not only 
 afford information and amusement, but may also serve as a guide 
 in purchasing their works." 
 
 Concert Room and Orchestra Anecdotes, 1825, 3 vols. 
 12mo. De Lolme proved to be Junius, 1816, 8vo. Dic 
 tionary of Musical Terms, 12mo. Grammar of Music, 
 1818, 12mo. A New and Complete Musical Dictionary, 
 1801, 8vo. A Musical Manual, or Technical Directory, 
 1828. Other works. 
 
 Busch, Peter. Horticult. Con. to Phil. Mag., vol. i. 
 169 ; method of destroying Earth Worms, and other Insects. 
 
 Busfield, J. A., D.D., 1775-1849, of Clare Hall, 
 Cambridge, Rector of St. Michael's, Wood St., London, 
 and Lecturer of St. Mary-le-bone. The Christian's Guide, 
 1800, 8vo. Fast Sermon, 1810, 8vo. Sermons on the 
 Duties of the Christian Religion ; the Lord's Prayer, and 
 the Great Mystery, 1826, 3 vols. 8vo. His sermons have 
 gone through six edits. 
 
 ' They are among the best in the language; written in a strain 
 of great eloquence, without affectation ; expanding the subjects in 
 a perspicuous and practical manner." 
 
 Bush, Edward. Sermon at St. Paul's Crosse, Lon., 
 1571, 8vo. 
 
 Bush, Edward Arthur. Visitation Serm., 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Bush, Mrs. Forbes. Memoirs of the Queens of 
 France, Lon., 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1848. This work should 
 have a place on the Library shelf by Miss Strickland's 
 Lives of the Queens of England. 
 
 " This charming work comprises a separate Memoir of every 
 Queen of France, from the earliest of her annals to the present 
 time. It cannot fail of being a desirable acquisition to every 
 library in the kingdom." Lon, Sun. 
 
 Bush, Francis, Surgeon. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 
 1811 ; a knife lodged in the muscles. 
 
 Bush, George, b.1796, Professor of Hebrew and Orien 
 tal Literature in the city of New York, has gained consi 
 derable distinction by profound learning, pulpit eloquence, 
 and peculiarities of opinion. He was educated at Dart 
 mouth College, and at the Princeton Theological Seminary, 
 officiated for some years as a Presbyterian minister, ac 
 cepted his professorship in 1831. In 1845 he avowed his 
 reception of the doctrines of Swedenborg, and he has since 
 zealously laboured in their defence. An interesting sketch 
 of Professor Bush and his opinions will be found in Gris- 
 wold's Prose Writers of America. His first work was the 
 Life of Mohammed, pub. 1832, (Harper's Family Library, 
 vol. 10th.) In 1836 he pub. a Treatise on the Millennium, 
 in which views contrary to those generally entertained 
 were set forth. The Hebrew Grammar was pub. in 1835; 
 2d edit., 1838. In 1840 he commenced the publication of 
 his Commentaries on the books of the Old Testament, viz. : 
 Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Joshua, Judges, and Numbers, 
 forming 8 vols. These have been highly commended : 
 
 " With the fullest satisfaction we direct attention to this valu 
 able contribution from transatlantic stores, to Biblical literature 
 and Christian theology. . . . There is a union of the critical and 
 the practical which adapts the work to popular use as well as to 
 the requirements of the ministerial student." Scottish Pilot. 
 
 "We regard Bush's work on Joshua and Judges as a very valu 
 able addition to the number of Commentaries on the whole or 
 parts of the Holy Scriptures. The professor has an enviable ta 
 lent for elucidating the sacred text." Lon. Herald of Peace. 
 
 See also the Lon. Home Miss. Mag. 
 
 " The real object of a commentary, which is not to supersede 
 the text, hut to excite attention to it, appears to be as nearly 
 attained in this volume, as in any work we could name. The au 
 thor happily avoids that generalizing manner which detracts from 
 the value of many celebrated works, by rendering them of little 
 use in the way of quotation." Lon. Gent. Mag.; notice of the Notes 
 on Genesis. 
 
 A Commentary on the Book of Psalms on a plan em 
 bracing the Hebrew Text, with a new literal version, 
 New York, 1848, Svo. 
 
 " This work will be very useful to Biblical students who com 
 mence their Hebrew studies with the Book of Psalms." Home's 
 Introduction. 
 
 " The notes are designed principally to elucidate the force, im 
 port, and pertinency of the words and phrases of the original, by 
 the citation of parallel instances, and to throw light upon the 
 images and allusions of the sacred writers by reference to the cus 
 toms, manners, law, geography, &c. of the East." Andove.r Bib 
 lical Repository, v. 239. 
 
 In 1836 Prof. Bush pub. his very valuable Illustrations 
 of the Holy Scriptures, laboriously compiled from 46 Bri 
 tish and foreign writers. This work should be in the 
 hands of every Biblical student. In 1844 he pub. in the 
 Hierophant some elaborate papers upon Prophetic sym 
 bols, Ac. Much attention was excited by a work of the 
 professor's pub. in 1841, entitled Anastasis, or the Doctrine 
 
BUS 
 
 BUT 
 
 of the Resurrection of the Body, Rationally and Spiri 
 tually Considered. It does not come within our design to 
 consider the supposed correctness or unsoundness of works 
 written with the intention of promoting the cause of truth. 
 We profess to occupy the position of the chronicler, not 
 the umpire. The opinions of the learned professor have 
 elicited much animated controversy. He has given to the 
 world an exposition of some of the phenomena of Mes 
 merism, and he anticipates great benefits to the race from 
 the full development of the new philosophy of which he 
 is an ardent champion. In addition to his other labours, 
 Prof. Bush preaches to a society of the New Jerusalem 
 Church in Brooklyn and edits the Anglo-American New 
 Church Repository. 
 
 Bush, J. Hibernia Curiosa, or a General History of 
 the Manners, Customs, and Dispositions, Ac. of the Inha 
 bitants of Ireland; Trade, Agriculture, and Curiosities, 
 Lon., 1767, 8vo. 
 
 " The materials of this work, which chiefly is occupied with a 
 view of manners, agriculture, trade, natural curiosities, &c., were 
 collected during a tour in 1764-69." STEVENSOX 
 
 Bush, Joseph. Evangelical sermons, 1842, 12mo. 
 " We have been much pleased with these sermons. They breathe 
 cordial attachment to the Redeemer and his Gospel." Church 
 man's Monthly Revirw. 
 
 Bush, or Bushe, Paul, 1490-1558, first Bishop of 
 Bristol, entered the University of Oxford about 1513. In 
 consequence of his profound knowledge of divinity, Henry 
 VIII. advanced him to the newly-erected see of Bristol, 
 1542, and made him his chaplain. Queen Mary deprived 
 him of his dignity on account of his being a married man. 
 Exposycy on of Miserere mei Deus, 1525. An Exhortation 
 to Margaret Barges. Notes on the Psalms, Lon., 1525. 
 Treatise in praise of the Crosse. Answer to certain Que 
 ries concerning the Abuses of the Mass; in Burnet's Hist. 
 Reformation ; Records, No. 25. Dialogues between Christ 
 and the Virgin Mary. Treatise of Salves and Curing Re 
 medies, sine anno. Extirpation of Ignorancy, Ac. Car- 
 mina diversa. Certayne gostly Medycynes, <fcc., sine anno. 
 When he took his degree of B.A., Wood says he was 
 " Then numbered among the celebrated poets of the Univer 
 sity." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Bush, William. The Celestial Race, Lon., 1692. 
 Bush, William. The Inadvertencies and Indiscre 
 tions of Good Men a great cause of general Corruption in 
 Society ; a serm. on 1 Tim. v. 22, 1746, 8vo. 
 
 Bush, William. Voyage and Travel of W. B., Lon. 
 1647, 4to. 
 
 Bush, William. Observations on Cancers, Bath, 1804 
 Bushby, E. Introduction to the Study of Scripture, 
 12mo. Essay on the Human Mind, 5th edit., Camb., 
 1852, 12mo. 
 
 Bushe, Amyas. Socrates ; a Dram. Poem, 1785, 4to. 
 Bushe, G. P. Population of Ireland. Trans. Irish 
 Acad., 1790. 
 
 Bushel, Seth, D.D. Sermons, 1673, '78, '82. 
 Bushel, or Bushell, Thomas, 1594-1674, educated 
 at Baliol College, Oxford, was in the service of Lord Ba 
 con. Charles made him Master of the Royal Mines in 
 Wales. Speeches and Songs at the Presentment of the 
 Rock at Euston to the Queen in 1636, Oxon., 1636, 4to 
 Remonstrance of His Majesty's Mines Royal in Wales 
 Lon., 1642, 4to. Tracts concerning the Mines in Wales, 
 Lon., 1642-60, 4to. Extract of the Lord Bacon's Philo 
 sophical Theory of Mineral Prosecutions, 1660, 4to. See 
 an interesting account of Bushel and his famous " Rock* 
 and various projects, in Athen. Oxon. 
 
 " Leaving behind him the character of one always troubled witl 
 a beating and contriving brain, of an aimer at great and high 
 things, while he himself was always indigent, and therefore could 
 never accomplish his mind to his original desire; of one alway 
 borrowing to carry on his design, but seldom or never paid." 
 
 Yet we should not omit to state that there were time 
 when Bushel had no lack of the precious metals. He i 
 said to have gained from one silver mine at Bwlch-yr 
 Eskir, sufficient profit to enable him to present Charles I 
 with a regiment of horse, and to provide clothes for hi 
 whole army. In addition to this, he advanced as a loar 
 to his Majesty no less a sum than 40,000 ; equal to a 
 least four times the amount of the present currency ; anc 
 he also raised a regiment among miners at his own charge 
 The mine referred to is the same one out of which Sir Hug 
 Middleton accumulated 2000 a month, "by which pro 
 duce he was enabled to defray the expense of bringin 
 the New River to London." 
 
 Busher, Leon. Liberty of Conscience, 1646, 4to, <t( 
 
 Bushnan, J. S., M.D. History of the Saline Treat 
 
 ment of Cholera, Lon., 8vo. Introduc. to the Study o 
 
 Nature 8vo. Observations on Hydropathy, 12mo. Phi 
 
 310 
 
 >sophy of Instinct and Reason, p. 8vo. Treatise on 
 orms in the Blood, 8vo. Homoeopathy and the Homoeo- 
 athist, 12mo. The Physiology of Animal and Vegetable 
 ife : a Popular Treatise on the Functions and Phenomena 
 f Organic Life ; to which is prefixed a Brief Exposition 
 f the Great Departments of Human Knowledge, r. I2mo, 
 ith over one hundred illustrations. 
 
 " Though cast to a popular form and manner, this work is the 
 reduction of a man of science, and presents its subject in its latest 
 evelopment, based on truly scientific and accurate principles. 
 t may, therefore, be consulted with interest by those who wish to 
 tttain in a concise form, and at a low price, a resume of the pre- 
 ent state of animal and vegetable physiology." 
 Other works. 
 
 Bushnell, Edm. Complete Shipwright, 1669, 4to. 
 Bushnell, Horace, D.D., b. about 1804, at Wash- 
 ngton, Litchfield county, Connecticut, graduated at Yale 
 College in 1827, where in 1829 he was appointed tutor. 
 Je has been a journalist, and a law student, as well as 
 heologian. Among his publications are Christian Nur- 
 ure, 1847 ; God in Christ, 1849 ; and a sequel to these, 
 ntitled, Christian Theology, 1851. He has pub. a num- 
 >er of sermons, Unconscious Influence, <fec., which have 
 )een collected in one volume, entitled Sermons for the 
 Life, 1858, 12mo. Many of his pieces will be found 
 n The New Englander: and his addresses before college 
 societies and literary assemblies are numerous. 
 
 " His writings have attracted considerable attention among 
 heologians from the bold and original manner in which he has 
 >resented views of the doctrines of the Calvinistic faith. . . . The 
 lissertation prefixed to his volume ' God in Christ' contains the 
 germ of most of what are considered his theological peculiarities." 
 Busk, George, b. in Russia, a distinguished surgeon 
 ,nd naturalist, went to England at an early age. He was 
 ne of the early members, and, in 1848-49, President, of the 
 Microscopical Soc., and has contributed many valuable 
 japers to its Transactions. Editor of the Quarterly Jour 
 nal of Microscopical Science. Trans. Kolliker's Histology; 
 also Wedl's Pathological Histology. Catalogue of the Ma 
 rine Polyzoa contained in the British Museum, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Busk, M. M. The History of Spain and Portugal 
 from B.C. 1000 to A.D. 1814, Lon., 1833, 8vo; pub. by 
 the Soc. for D. U. Knowledge. 
 
 "The running narrative, constantly enlivened by anecdote, of 
 which the subject is prolific, leaves us no time to be dull. A well- 
 analyzed chronological table is prefixed, as well as a useful table 
 of contents." Lon. Gent. Mag. 
 
 Busk, Mrs. 1. Biographical Sketches, European and 
 Asiatic, Lon., p. 8vo. 2. History of Mediaeval Popes, 
 Emperors, <fec., 2 vols. p. 8vo ; vols. iii. and iv., 1856, p. 
 8vo. 3. Plays and Poems, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Bussey, George Moir. Life of Napoleon, illustrated 
 by 500 wood-engravings by Horace Vernet, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " This work is well and carefully written, and, as a contribu 
 tion to modern history, is entitled to a place in the library." 
 Westminster Revieiv. 
 
 Bussiere, Paul, Surgeon. Profess. Con. to Phil. 
 Trans., 1699, 1700. 
 
 Buswell, John. An Historical Account of the Knights 
 of the most noble order of the Garter, from its institution, 
 1350, to the present time, 1757, 8vo. 
 
 " The present design is briefly to give such account of those il 
 lustrious Knights who have been companions of this most noble 
 Order, as may in some measure shew the cause of their being ad 
 mitted to so high a dignity." Pref., p. 5. 
 
 " Mr. Buswell seems to have executed this design with all the 
 requisite care and exactness; and his work forms no unentertaiu- 
 ing system of biographical anecdotes." Lon. Monthly Rf.r., 1757. 
 
 Recently a copy of this work was advertised by Mr. 
 George Willis, London, with MS. additions to the present 
 time, (1854,) by the Rev. D. T. Powell. 
 
 Buswell, Sir George, Bart. A copy of his last 
 Will and Testament, Lon., 1714, 8vo; privately printed. 
 This pamphlet is interesting to the collectors of Northamp 
 tonshire history. 
 
 Buswell, William, late of Queen's College, Cam 
 bridge, Rector of Widford, Essex. Plain Parochial ser 
 mons on important subjects, Lon., 1812, 12mo. 
 
 Butcher, Edmund, a Unitarian minister. Sermons, 
 Lon., 1798-1806, 2 vols. 8vo. An Excursion from Sid- 
 mouth to Chester in 1803, Lon., 1805, 2 vols. 12mo. Ser 
 mons for the Use of Families, 1819, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "The style is simple and familiar; the sentences short, and 
 sometimes striking. Scripture language is largely used and freely 
 accommodated." Lon. Monthly Repository. 
 
 Other works. 
 
 Butcher, George. Causes of the present high prices 
 of provisions, 1801, 8vo. 
 
 Butcher, John. Sermon, Lon., 1694, 8vo. 
 
 Butcher, Richard. Survey and Antiquities of the 
 Towns of Stamford and Tottenham, High Cross, Lon., 1646, 
 4to; 1717, 8vo; with Notes by Francis Peck, 1727, foL 
 
BUT 
 
 BUT 
 
 Butcher, William. Sermon, 1811. Plain Discourses 
 delivered to a Country Congregation, 1815, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 Bute, John Stuart, third Earl of, 1713-1792. This 
 most unpopular statesman is said to have played himself 
 into the favour of the Prince of Wales, as Sir Christopher 
 Hatton danced himself into Queen Elizabeth's. His Lord 
 ship took refuge from the arrows of Junius in his Paradise 
 of Shrubs. He printed a work upon his favourite pursuit 
 in 9 vols. 4to, Botanical Tables, <fcc., at an expense of 
 10,000 for 12 copies. Dr. Dutens thus speaks of his lord 
 ship and his expensive book : 
 
 "L'etude favorite de Lord Bute 6toit la botanique; il excelloit 
 tellement dans cette science, que les plus grands maftres en Europe 
 le consultoient et recherchoient sa correspondance ; il avoit ecrit 
 sur ce sujet un ouvrage en 9 vols. in 4to, qu'il fit imprimer a grands 
 frais.il 1'avoit compose pour la Reine d'Angleterre, et ne voulait 
 jamais le publier, tant il etoit eloignS de tirer vanite de ses lu- 
 mieres. II en fit tirer 16 exemplaires, dont il me donna un." M&- 
 moires <fun Voyageur qui se Repose, vol. ii. p. 252. 
 
 Only twelve copies were printed, and were disposed of as 
 follows : 
 
 Lord Bute 2 
 
 The Queen 1 
 
 Empress of Russia 1 
 
 Sir Joseph Banks 1 
 
 M. de Buffon 1 
 
 Lady Betty Mackenzie 1 
 
 Lady Ruthven 1 
 
 Lady Macartney 1 
 
 Duchess of Portland 1 
 
 Mrs. Barrington 1 
 
 M. Dutens 1 
 
 12 
 
 One of Lord Bute's copies sold in 1798, with Mr. Tighe's 
 books, produced 120; and the late Queen Charlotte's copy 
 was sold in 1819, for 117. A copy was sold in 1813 for 
 82 19s. The plates are said to have been destroyed. See 
 Gentleman's Mag. for 1792, p. 285 ; Martin's Bibliographi 
 cal Catalogue of Privately Printed Books, and Dryander's 
 Catalogues : the latter remarks : 
 
 "Opera hujus, splendidi magis quam utilis, duodecim, tan turn 
 exemplaria impressa sunt." 
 
 Butler, A limn, 1700-1773, a native of Northampton, 
 was sent in his eighth year to the English Roman Catholic 
 College at Douay, where he was subsequently appointed 
 Professor of Divinity. Whilst at this seat of learning, he 
 
 n\ his Letters on the History of the Popes, by Archi- 
 d Bower. 
 
 " They are written with ease and good humour, they show va 
 rious and extensive learning, a vigorous and candid mind. They 
 met with universal applause." CHARLES BUTLER. 
 
 In 1745 he travelled through France and Italy with the 
 Earl of Shrewsbury, and the Messrs. Talbot, and on his 
 return was appointed to a mission in Staffordshire, though 
 anxious for a London residence, which would permit ac 
 cess to such works as he desired to consult in the compila 
 tion of his History of the Saints. Shortly after reaching 
 England, he was appointed Chaplain to Edward, Duke of 
 Norfolk, and accompanied Edward Howard, his nephew, 
 to the Continent. Whilst at Paris he sent to the press his 
 Lives of the Saints, upon which he had laboured more or 
 less for thirty years. It was pub. Lon., 1745, 5 vols. 4to; 
 Dubl., 1780, 12 vols. 8vo. In the edit, before us, the im 
 primatur of the prelates is dated January 29th, 1833 ; pub. 
 (1836) at Dublin, 2 r. Svo vols., with a preface by Bishop 
 Doyle, and life of the author by his nephew, CHARLES BUT 
 LER, (q. v.) In the first edit, the notes were omitted. This 
 step was taken at the advice of Mr. Challoner, Vicar- 
 apostolic of the London district, who thought that the 
 work would be too costly for general circulation unless re 
 duced in size. An edit, considered the best, was pub. in 
 1847, Lon., 12 vols. Svo ; the continuation by C. Butler 
 should be added. " It is easy to suppose," remarks his 
 nephew and biographer, Charles Butler, "what it must 
 have cost our author to consign to oblivion the fruit of so 
 much labour, and so many vigils. He obeyed, however." 
 Happily they were restored in the subsequent editions. 
 The Lives of the Saints is a curious storehouse of ecclesi 
 astical and .secular learning. 
 
 " The erudition, the beauty of style, the true spirit of religion, 
 and the mild and conciliating language, which pervade this work, 
 edified all its readers, disposed them to be pleased with a religion 
 in which they saw so much virtue, allayed their prejudices against 
 its professors, and led them to consider the general body with good 
 will. It has been translated into French. Spanish, and Italian; 
 and, though a bulky and expensive work, has gone through seve 
 ral editions." CHARLES BUTLER. 
 
 Gibbon remarks of this compilation, 
 
 " It is a work of merit : the sense and learning belong to the 
 author; the prejudices are those of his profession." 
 
 Upon which Charles Butler remarks with his usual grace 
 ful and gentlemanly humour: 
 
 As it is known what prejudice means in Mr. Gibbon's vocabiv 
 lary, our author's relatives accept the character." 
 
 The Rev. Alban Butler also pub. The Life of Mary of 
 the Cross. 
 
 " It is rather a vehicle to convey instruction on various import 
 ant duties of a religious life, and on sublime prayer, than a minute 
 account of the life and actions of the nun." CHARLES BUTLER. 
 
 He left an unfinished Treatise on the Movable Feasts, 
 which was pub. by Mr. Challoner, (an edit., Dubl., 1839, 
 8vo;) and Charles Butler pub. his Short Life of Sir Toby 
 Matthews. The Rev. Mr. Jones superintended the publi 
 cation of three vols. of his Meditations and Discourses, 
 issued in 1791, since the author's decease ; new edit, by 
 Dr. Lanigan, Dubl., 1840, 8vo. 
 
 "They are acknowledged to possess great merit; the morality 
 of them is entitled to great praise; the discourse on conversation 
 
 shows a considerable knowledge of life and manners His 
 
 sermons were sometimes interesting and pathetic ; but they were 
 always desultory, and almost always immeasurably long." CHAS. 
 BUTLER. 
 
 He made collections for the Lives of Bishop Fisher and 
 Sir Thomas More, which, it is to be regretted, with several 
 other projected works, were never given to the world. 
 Sometime after his return to England from his travels with 
 Mr. Howard, he was chosen President of the English Col 
 lege at St. Omer's, which responsible position he filled 
 until the day of his death in 1773. He was always much 
 attached to literary pursuits, and ever ready to assist the 
 learned investigations of others. He aided Cardinal Qui- 
 rini in his edition of Cardinal Pole's Letters, who makes 
 this handsome acknowledgment of his valuable co-opera 
 tion : 
 
 " The Letters were procured for the author by Mr. Alban Butler, 
 to whom the public is indebted for the most useful and valuable 
 work which has appeared in the English language on the Lives of 
 the Saints, and which has been so much esteemed in France, that 
 it is now translated into the language of a country celebrated for 
 biography, with large additions by the author. This gentleman's 
 readiness on all occasions to assist the author in bis undertaking 
 was answerable to his extensive knowledge, and general acquaint 
 ance with whatever has any relation to erudition." 
 
 The value of Quirini's commendation is too well known 
 to scholars to require to be enlarged on here. 
 
 Mr. Butler pursued his studies with such zeal that we 
 are assured by one of his friends that 
 
 " Every instant that Mr. Butler did not dedicate to the govern 
 ment of his college, he employed in study; and when obliged to 
 go abroad, he would read as he walked along the streets. I have 
 met him with a book tinder each arm, and a third in his hands, 
 and have been told, that, travelling one day on horseback, he tell 
 a reading, giving the horse his full liberty. The creature used it 
 to eat a few ears of corn that grew on the roadside. The owner 
 came in haste, swearing that he would be indemnified. Mr. But 
 ler, who knew nothing of the damage done, no sooner perceived 
 it, than, blushing, he said to the countryman, with his usual 
 mildness, that his demand was just; he then draws out a louis- 
 d'or, and gives it to the fellow, who would have been very well 
 satisfied with a few pence, makes repeated apologies to him, easily 
 obtains forgiveness, and goes on his way." 
 
 The character of Alban Butler was most exemplary. 
 L'Abbe" de la Sepouze thus speaks of him : 
 
 " What astonished me most was, that studies so foreign to the 
 supernatural objects of piety, shed over his soul neither aridity 
 nor lukewarmness. He referred all things to God. and his dis 
 course always concluded by some Christian reflections, which he 
 skilfully drew from the topic of his conversation. His virtue was 
 neither minute nor pusillanimous : religion had in his discourse, 
 as well as in his conduct, that solemn gravity which can alone 
 make it worthy of the Supreme Being. Ever composed, he feared 
 neither contradictions nor adversities: he dreaded nothing but 
 praises. He never allowed himself a word that could injure any 
 one's reputation. ... In short, I will confess it to my confusion 
 that for a long time I sought to discover a failing in him; and I 
 protest, by all that is sacred, that I never knew one in him." See 
 the whole of this interesting letter in the Account of the Life and 
 Writings of Alban Butler, prefixed to the Lives of the Saints. 
 
 Butler, C. The Age of Chivalry; a Tale, abridged 
 from the Knights of the Swan, by Madame de Genlia, 
 1799, 12mo. 
 
 Butler, Charles, 1559-1647, a native of High Wy- 
 comb, Buckinghamshire, was entered of Magdalen Hall, 
 Oxford, in 1579; Vicar of Lawrence Wotton, Hampshire, 
 from about 1600 until his death. Feminine Monarchie ; or 
 The History of Bees, and the due ordering of them, Oxon., 
 1609, Svo. In Latin, by Richardson, under the title of 
 Monarchia Feminina, sive Apium Historia, Lon., 1673, 
 Svo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. Rhetoricse, libri 
 duo, Oxon., 1619, '29, 4to. De Propinquitate Matrimo- 
 niuin impediente regula Generalis; or the Marriage of 
 Cousins german, Oxon., 1625, 4to. Oratorise, libri duo, 
 Oxon., 1638, 4to; often reprinted. The English Gram 
 mar, 1633, 4to; quoted by Dr. Johnson in the Grammar 
 prefixed to his Dictionary. The Principles of Music, in 
 singing and setting, Lon., 1636, 4to. 
 
 " The only theoretical or didactic work published on the subject 
 of music during the reign of Charles I. It contains more know- 
 
BUT 
 
 BUT 
 
 ledge in a small compass than any other of the kind in our lan 
 guage; but the Saxon and new characters he uses, in order to ex 
 plode such characters as are redundant, or of uncertain powers, 
 render this musical tract somewhat difficult to peruse." See Dr. 
 Burney's Gen. Hist, of Music. 
 
 Butler, Charles, 1750-1832, a learned Roman Catho 
 lic, and eminent lawyer, was the nephew of ALB AN BUTLER, 
 (q. v.) and a native of London. He was educated at the 
 English Roman Catholic College at Douay, where he was j 
 noted for his talents and studious application. He was : 
 entered of Lincoln's Inn, in 1775, and was called to the 
 bar in 1791, being the first barrister of the Roman Catho 
 lic communion since the Revolution : he never argued any 
 case save tbe one of Cholmondeley v. Clinton. In 1832 
 he accepted from the chancellor a silk gown, and was 
 made a Bencher of Lincoln's Inn. Mr. Butler was a zeal 
 ous champion of the religious faith which he professed, 
 whilst not unmindful of those amenities without which 
 there is little hope of rectifying the opinions of others or 
 recommending our own. The character which he gives 
 of his uncle, the celebrated author of The Lives of the 
 Saints, is a higher eulogy in his own favour than any we 
 could indite. 
 
 " He was zealous in the cause of religion, but his zeal was without 
 bitterness or animosity : polemic acrimony was unknown to him. 
 He never forgot that in every heretic he saw a brother Christian ; 
 in every infidel he saw a brother man." Charles Butter's Life of 
 Alban Butler. 
 
 In 1778 he pub. an Essay on the Legality of Impressing 
 Seamen. Mr. Hargrave had left unfinished, after seven 
 years' labour, his edit of Coke upon Littleton. Mr. Butler 
 took the remainder nearly half the work in hand, and 
 finished it in four terms, according to his contract. We 
 by no means assert, however, that Mr. Butler did as much 
 work as Mr. Hargrave. Our reference is only to the 
 calendar. We notice other publications of Mr. Butler. 
 
 Horae Biblicge ; being a Series of Miscellaneous Notes 
 on the original Text, early Versions, and printed Editions, 
 of the Old and New Testaments, 1797, 8vo ; not sold ; 
 printed for the author's friends. Part 2, 1804, 8vo ; 1807, 
 vol. i., 4th edit. ; vol. ii., 2d edit. The second vol. treats 
 of the books accounted sacred by the Mohammedans, Hin 
 doos, Parsees, Chinese, and Scandinavians. 
 
 " An elegant work, the production of the leisure hours of Mr. 
 Butler. It does great credit to his learning, research, candour, 
 and good sense. It supplies in a narrow compass a large portion 
 of useful information on all the topics of which it treats, and 
 directs to the sources whence it is chiefly drawn. In an appendix, 
 toe ingenious writer gives a literary outline of the disputes on the 
 authenticity of 1 John v. 7 ; in which the evidence on both sides 
 IB stated with great candour and accuracy. The fifth edition of the 
 Horae Biblicae is inserted in a collection of Mr. Butler's Philologi 
 cal and Biographical Works, 1817, 5 vols. 8vo." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 lf A judicious manual of Biblical criticism." T.H.Horne's Introd. 
 " An elegant and interesting work." DR. T. F. DIBDIN. 
 In 1810 M. Boulard pub. in Paris, 8vo, a French trans. 
 of this work, from the edit, printed at Oxford in 1799. 
 Horae Juridicse Subsecivae ; being a connected Series of 
 Notes concerning the Geography, Chronology, and Lite 
 rary History of the principal Codes and original Docu 
 ments of the Grecian, Roman, Feudal, and Canon Law, 
 Lon., 1804, 8vo; 1807, 8vo; 3d edit., with additions, Lon., 
 1830, 8vo ; pub. in Philada., 1808. 
 
 " The author in the compilation of this work, appears to have 
 freely used Schomberg's Elements of the Roman Law, (' an amusing 
 and superficial little work,') with a sprinkling of authorities bor 
 rowed from Gibbon's 44th chapter. It is an unfavourable specimen 
 of Mr. Butler's labours, being noted neither for accuracy nor depth 
 of research. It contains, however, useful information upon the 
 subjects of which it treats, and refers the student to authorities to 
 assist him in a farther prosecution of each head of inquiry." See 
 Marvin's Legal Bibl.; 2 Hoffman's Leg. Student, 523; 8 West 
 minster Review, 422. 
 
 It is included in vol. 2d of Mr. Butler's works. 
 In 1806 the Emperor of Austria renounced the empire 
 of Germany, and a question arose on its territorial extent. 
 This led to the publication of Mr. Butler's Notes on the 
 chief Revolutions of the principal States which composed 
 the Empire of Charlemagne, Ac., 1807, 8vo, repub. in 1812, 
 8vo, under the title of A Succinct History of the Geographi 
 cal and Political Revolutions in the Empire of Germany, 
 or the Principal Statea which composed the Empire of 
 Charlemagne, Ac. This work did the author great credit. 
 There has been a book published by Mr. Butler on the German 
 Constitution that I consider invaluable. Here will be found all 
 the outlines of the subject. Let the detail be studied, wherever it 
 ig thought necessary, in Gibbon, [Lecture I.] I must once more re 
 mind you that the work of Mr. Butler on the German Empire is 
 Indispensably necessary. [Lecture 4.]" Prof. Smyth's Lectures on 
 Modern Hiftory. 
 
 " Mr. Butler has produced a work of great curiosity and interest 
 and one which must at the present period be peculiarly acceptable 
 We know, indeed, of no other works, in this or any language, in 
 which this regular series of information on the Germanic Empire 
 can be found," British Critic, July, 1813. 
 312 
 
 It will be found in vol. 2d of Mr. Butler's works. 
 
 Fearne's Essay on Contingent Remainders and Execu 
 tory Devises, 6th edit., with Notes, 1809, 8vo. 
 
 ' The study of this profound and useful work Mr. Butler greatly 
 facilitated by his clear arrangement and intelligent notes." Lon. 
 Gent. Mag., 1832. 
 
 We may mention that the 10th edit, of Fearne's Essay 
 was pub. by Josiah W. Smith, Esq., Lon., 1844, 2 vols. 
 r. 8vo; this edit, includes Mr. Butler's notes. Life and 
 Writings of J. B. Bossuet, Bishop of Meaux, Lon,, 1812, 
 8vo. 
 
 "The reader will do well to procure Mr. Butler's pleasing bio 
 graphical Memoir of Bossuet." DR. T. F. DIBDIN. 
 
 Historical Memoirs of the English, Irish, and Scottish 
 Catholics since the Reformation, Ac., 3d edit., consider 
 ably augmented, Lon., 1822, 4 vols. 8vo. The Life of Eras 
 mus, with Historical Remarks on the State of Literature 
 between the tenth and sixteenth Centuries, Lon., 1825, 
 3vo. An Historical and Literary Account of the Formu 
 laries, Confessions of Faith, or Symbolic Books of the Ro 
 man Catholic, Greek, and Principal Protestant Churches, 
 1816, 8vo ; appended to this were four Essays, of which 
 the last was the celebrated one on the Reunion of Chris 
 tians, which elicited much censure. Respecting this essay 
 the author remarks in a letter to Dr. Parr : 
 
 The chief aim of all my writings has been to put Catholic and 
 Protestant into good humour with one another, and Catholics into 
 a good humour with themselves. ... I never had any notion that 
 the reunion of Christians was practicable." 
 
 It is certainly better to agree to disagree, than to disa 
 gree in the effort to agree. 
 
 A Continuation of the Rev. Alban Butler's Lives of the 
 Saints to the present time, Ac., 1823. The Book of the 
 Roman Catholic Church, in a Series of Letters addressed 
 to Robert Southey, Esq., in his Book of the Church, 1825, 
 8vo. Mr. Southey refers to this publication in his letters 
 to John May, Esq., March 16, and to Rev. Robert Philip, 
 Aug. 15, 1825 : he reviewed it also in the Quart. Review, 
 xxxiii. 1 ; xxxvi. 305 : see also Edin. Review, xliii. 125. 
 As we have not room to quote the statements of both par 
 ties, of course we shall give neither. Mr. Butler in the 
 second vol., p. 59, of his Reminiscences, enumerates no 
 less than ten replies which were elicited by this work. He 
 answered his objectors in A Letter to the Rt. Rev. C. J. 
 Blomfield, Bishop of Chester, 1825, and in his Vindication 
 of the Book of the Roraian Catholic Church, Ac., 1826, 
 8vo. The Vindication elicited six additional replies (!) 
 See Butler's Reminiscences, vol. ii. 62, which were noticed 
 by Mr. B. in an Appendix to his Vindication. His Re 
 miniscences, a most interesting work, was pub. vol. i. 
 1822; vol. ii. 1827. For a biographical sketch of Mr. 
 Butler, and notices of his publications, see Gent. Mag., 
 1832, 269. We have already referred to the collective 
 edit, of his works, Lon., 1817, 5 vols. 8vo. Mr. Butler, 
 following the example of his celebrated uncle, was a most 
 diligent student He tells us that 
 
 "Very early rising, a systematic division of his time, abstinence 
 from all company, and from all diversions not likely to amuse him 
 highly, from reading, writing, or even thinking on modern party 
 politics, and, above all, never permitting a scrap of time to be 
 unemployed. have supplied him with an abundance of literary 
 hours. His literary acquisitions are principally owing to the rigid 
 observance of four rules : to direct his attention to one literary 
 object only at a time; to read the best work upon it, consulting 
 others as little as possible ; when the subjects were contentious, 
 to read the best book on each side ; to find out men of information, 
 and when in their society, to listen, not to talk." 
 
 Butler, Charles. Introduction to Algebra, Lon., 
 1800 : to the Mathematics, with notices of authors and 
 their works, Oxf., 1814, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Butler, Clement Moore, D.D., b. 1810, Troy,N. Y. 
 Year of the Church; a Poem. Common Prayer Book in 
 terpreted by its History. Old Truths and New Errors. 
 
 Butler, D. Funeral Serm. on Sir Cloudesley Shovel, 
 1707, 8ro. 
 
 Bntler, Frances Anne. See KEMBLE. 
 
 Butler, George, D.D., Dean of Peterborough. Serm., 
 Matt, xxv iii. 18-20. Festival of the Sons of the Clergy, 
 Lon., 1843, 8vo. 
 
 Butler, Mrs. H. 1. Love's Mazes. 2. Count Eu- 
 genio , novels, 1806, '07. 
 
 Butler, Lady Harriot. Memoirs from her MS., 
 1761, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Butler, Hon. Henry. To the Electors of Eng 
 land, 1809 ; on the Necessity of a Reform in Parliament, 
 1809. 
 
 Butler, J. History and Picturesque Guide to the Isle 
 of Wight, 1806, 12mo. 
 
 Butler, James. Extent and Limits of Subjection 
 due to Princes ; serm., Rom. xiii. 1, 1707, 8vo. 
 
BUT 
 
 BUT 
 
 Butler, James. Justification of the Tenets of the 
 Roman Catholic Religion, 1787, 8vo. 
 
 Butler, John, Chaplain to James, Duke of Ormond. 
 An Account of Time, stating the day, hour, and minute 
 of our Saviour's Nativity, Lon., 1671, 8vo. Kalendar, 
 Scriptural and Astronomical, for five years, during and 
 after Christ's Ministry, 1671, 8vo. Serm., 1678, 4to. As 
 trology, 1680, 8vo. Last Legacy, 1686, 8vo. Bellua Ma 
 rina ; Hist. Descrip. of the Papal Empire from Prophecy, 
 1690, 8vo. 
 
 Butler, John, D.D., 1717-1802, a native of Ham 
 burg, become a private tutor in the family of Mr. Child, 
 a banker. He obtained the living of Everly, Wiltshire ; 
 was made Bishop of Oxford, 1777; and translated to the 
 see of Hereford, 1788. He pub. a number of political 
 tracts, and several sermons, 1746-78. His discourses and 
 two charges were collected by him, and pub. in 1801, 
 under the title of Select Sermons, &c., 8vo. 
 
 " They appear to be the plain, serious, and impressive dictates 
 of tbo mind. They abound not with laboured ornaments and 
 well-turned periods, but with attractions of a preferable kind, 
 with sound sense and rational piety. We recommend both them 
 [the charges] and the sermons to the serious attention of the clergy 
 and the public." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 The Letters of Junius were at one time ascribed to this 
 prelate. 
 
 Butler, John. Brief Reflections on the Liberty of 
 the British Subject : addressed to the Right Hon. Edmund 
 Burke ; occasioned by his publication on the French Revo 
 lution, Canterb., 1791, 8vo. 
 
 Butler, Joseph, 1692-1752, a very eminent prelate, 
 was born at Wantage, in Berkshire, where his father, a 
 Presbyterian, was a respectable tradesman. Joseph was 
 the youngest of eight children, and evinced at an early 
 age those powers of mind for which he afterwards became 
 so distinguished. His father designed him for the minis 
 try in his own denomination, and placed him at a Dissent 
 ing academy in Tewkesbury ; but an examination of the 
 principles of the Church of England resulted in a deter 
 mination to enter its communion. Accordingly in 1714 
 he was received as a commoner of Oriel College, Oxford. 
 At college he formed a friendship with Mr. Edmund Tal- 
 bot, son of Bishop Talbot, and to this fortunate alliance 
 he was indebted for his future preferment. In 1718 he 
 was appointed preacher at the Rolls, which post he re 
 tained till 1726, in the beginning of which year he pub 
 lished Fifteen Sermons preached at the Rolls Chapel, of 
 which a second edition appeared in 1729. Subsequently 
 there were added to this collection, Six Sermons preached 
 upon public occasions. 
 
 "In these admirable discourses may plainly be discovered the 
 germs of those principles of analogy which were afterwards de 
 veloped by him in his celebrated work." 
 
 " Of these Sermons, considered as disquisitions on the philoso 
 phy of morals and religion, it is difficult to speak in terms of 
 proper and commensurate commendation. They exhibit a rare 
 combination of nearly all the excellencies of which compositions 
 of this class are susceptible, and are, generally, remarkably free 
 from most of the defects and blemishes of abstrusely argumenta 
 tive sermons. They are chargeable, however, with one serious and 
 capital deficiency a deficiency of evangelical sentiment" Cun 
 ningham's Bing. Hist. 
 
 " Able and argumentative, but fitter for the closet than the 
 pulpit. More useful to give habits of thinking, than to raise to 
 communion with God." BICKERSTETH. , 
 
 In 1722 he was presented by Bishop Talbot with the 
 benefice of Haughton, which he exchanged in 1725 for 
 that of Stanhope, where he remained for seven years. 
 He was in this retired country parish, when Queen Caro 
 line asked whether he was not dead ; to which it was an 
 swered, " No, madam, but he is buried." In 1733 he was 
 appointed Chaplain to the Lord-Chancellor Talbot; and 
 in three years afterwards he was made clerk of the closet 
 to her Majesty. In 1738 he was raised to the Bishopric 
 of Bristol, and in 1750 was translated to the See of Dur 
 ham. In the following year be delivered to the clergy of 
 his diocese a charge, in which he sets forth the great 
 value of external forms and institutes in religion. This 
 charge was published, and elicited a pamphlet from an 
 anonymous writer, entitled, A Serious Inquiry into the 
 Use and Importance of External Religion, occasioned by 
 some passages in the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of 
 Durham's Charge to the Clergy of that Diocese. He was 
 a man of uncommon liberality of disposition, and ex 
 pended 4000 in the repairs and embellishment of the 
 episcopal palace at Bristol which was a larger sum than 
 he received from the bishopric during his continuance in 
 the see. He one day asked his steward how much money 
 was in the house; to which it was answered, "Five hun 
 dred pounds." "Five hundred pounds!" exclaimed the 
 
 worthy prelate, "what a shame for a bishop to have so 
 much money in the house at one time !" He then ordered 
 a great part of it to be distributed to the poor. Shortly 
 after he had been seated in his new bishopric, his health 
 began to decline, and in 1752 he died at Bath, in the sixty- 
 first year of his age. He was never married. The piety 
 of Bishop Butler was full of seriousness, humility, and 
 fervour. Fifteen years after his decease, a declaration was 
 published by an anonymous writer to the effect that the 
 bishop had died in the communion of the Church of Rome. 
 This falsehood was amply refuted by Archbishop Seeker. 
 
 " This strange slander, founded on the weakest pretences, and 
 
 most trivial circumstances, that can be imagined, no one was 
 
 better qualified to confute than the archbishop ; as well from his 
 
 j long and intimate knowledge of Bishop Butler, as from the infor- 
 
 I mation given him at the time, by those who attended his lordship 
 
 i in his last illness, and were with him when he died." Bp. For- 
 
 ! teus's Life of Seeker. 
 
 The last edit, of his works, with a Preface by Bishop Hali 
 fax, was pub. in 1849, 2 vols. 8vo, at the Oxf. Univ. Press. 
 We now come to speak of that great work, which will 
 | secure the veneration of the world for the name of Butler, 
 as long as either religion or philosophy are held in esteem 
 ; by mankind. The Analogy of Religion, Natural and 
 i Revealed, to the constitution and course of nature, ap- 
 ; peared in the same year in which the author was made 
 i clerk of the closet to Queen Caroline. This work is less 
 surprising when considered as the production of the same 
 ; mind which twenty-five years before (when Butler was a 
 i youth of nineteen at the Tewkesbury Academy) had asto 
 nished Doctor Clarke with the profundity of its disquisi- 
 ! tions on his Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of 
 God. It has been remarked that " the same reach and 
 | sagacity of intellect which characterize all Butler's subse- 
 I quent performances are exhibited to the greatest advan 
 tage in these letters to Dr. Clarke." 
 
 The Analogy ever " since its first publication, has been univer 
 sally considered as beyond comparison the ablest treatise on the 
 philosophy of religion. As a preparation for the student of the 
 evidences of natural and revealed religion, it is invaluable; since 
 it both annihilates the most formidable a priori objections of the 
 infidel, and is admirably fitted to form the mind to the serious and 
 earnest pursuit of truth. To good men of a speculative turn of 
 mind, who are tormented by the frequent recurrence of skeptical 
 doubts, it has always proved an inestimable blessing ; and even 
 infidels have been compelled to acknowledge its superlative excel 
 lence as a piece of reasoning." 
 
 ' ; Bishop Butler is one of those creative geniuses who give a cha 
 racter to their times. His great work, The Analogy of Religion, 
 has fixed the admiration of all competent judges for nearly a cen 
 tury, and will continue to be studied so long as the language in 
 which he wrote endures. The mind of a master pervades it. ... 
 There are in his writings a vastness of idea, a reach and generaliza 
 tion of reasoning, a native simplicity and grandeur of thought, 
 which command and fill the mind. . . . He is amongst the few classic 
 authors of the first rank in modern literature. He takes his place 
 with Bacon and Pascal and Newton." BP. WILSON: Pref. to Anal. 
 
 Mr. Hallam, in a dissertation of considerable length 
 upon Bishop Cumberland's De Legibos Naturae Disqui- 
 sitio Philosophica, shows under what obligations both 
 Butler and Paley rested to this author. (Introduction to 
 the Lit. Hist, of Europe.) 
 
 Butler quotes the following observation of Origen's, (Phi- 
 local.,) and perhaps we may consider it as the text upon 
 which he based his Analogy : 
 
 " He who believes the Scriptures to have proceeded from Him who 
 is the author of Nature, may well expect to find the same sort of 
 difficulties in it as are found in the constitution of Nature." 
 
 " Others had established the historical and prophetical grounds 
 of the Christian Religion, and that sure testimony of its truth 
 which is found in its perfect adaptation to the heart of man: it 
 was reserved for him to develope its analogy to the constitution 
 and course of nature; and, laying his strong foundations in the 
 depth of that great argument, there to construct another and irre 
 fragable proof, thus rendering Philosophy subservient to Faith; 
 and finding in outward and visible things, the type and evidence 
 of them within the vail." From the Epitaph on his Monument in 
 Bristol Cathedral. 
 
 "To a mind disposed to view with calmness, humility, and re 
 verence, the whole system of providence, so far as it is permitted 
 to man to view ' the work which God maketh from the beginning 
 to the end,' Dr. Butler has unfolded the analogy, or relation of the 
 course of nature to religion, by which all things are found to pro 
 ceed in harmony from Him, who hath made nothing imperfect. I 
 think this great performance of Butler has peculiar force, when it 
 is considered in the conclusion of our religious researches, and not 
 as part of the original proofs; or as Lord Bacon expresses himself, 
 ' Tanquam portum et Sabbathum humanarum contemplationum 
 omnium.' [De Aug. Scientiar., lib. iii.] Pursuits of Literatitre. 
 
 Dr. Chalmers pronounces Bishop Butler's Sermons to 
 contain 
 
 " The most precious repository of sound ethical principles extant 
 m any language." 
 
 But Dr. Wardlaw, in his Christian Ethics, designates 
 Bishop Butler's moral system as that "of Zeno baptized 
 into Christ." 
 
BUT 
 
 " That there is such a thing as a course of nature none can deny. 
 This, therefore, is the ground on which Butler takes his stand, 
 whereon he fixes a lever that shakes the strongholds of unbelief 
 even to their foundation; for on comparing this scheme of nature 
 with the scheme of revelation, there is found a most singular cor 
 respondence between the several parts, such a correspondence as 
 gives very strong reason for believing that the author of one is the 
 author of both. 
 
 'What if earth 
 
 Be but the shadow of heaven, and things therein 
 Each to each other like, more than on earth is thought.' " 
 
 See Quarterly Review, vol. xliii. 182. ' 
 
 " No author has made a more just and, a more happy use of this 
 mode of reasoning than Bishop Butler, in his Analogy of Religion. 
 ... In that excellent work the author does not ground any of the 
 truths of religion upon analogy as their proper evidence; he only 
 makes use of analogy to answer objections against them. When 
 objections are made against the truths of religion, which may be 
 made with equal strength against what we know to be true in the 
 course of nature, such objections can have no weight." Reid's 
 Essays on the Intellectual Powers. 
 
 Dr. Reid also notices in his Active Powers, Essay 3d, 
 the important distinction which Bp. Butler makes 
 
 " Between sudden anger or resentment, which is a blind impulse, 
 arising from our constitution, and that which is deliberate. The 
 first may be raised by hurt of any kind; but the last can only be 
 raised by injury, real, or conceived. Both these kinds of anger or 
 resentment are raised whether the hurt or injury be done to our 
 selves, or to those we are interested in." 
 
 To the Analogy are appended two dissertations : 1. On 
 Personal Identity. 2. On the Nature of Virtue. In the 
 first, Mr. Locke's account of personal identity is considered 
 and 
 
 " Refuted in a style which shows that had he concentrated his 
 attention upon the philosophy of the human mind, he might have 
 eclipsed the fame of some of the greatest metaphysicians. In the 
 second, he propounds and illustrates with great perspicuity the 
 same theory of virtue on which he had before insisted in the pre 
 face to his sermons." 
 
 " We think that the illustrious Bishop of Durham has exhausted 
 the subject [Personal Identity] by stating fairly the opinions which 
 he controverts, and by establishing his own upon a foundation 
 which cannot be shaken, and which are certainly not injured by 
 the objections of Mr. Cooper." Encyc. Brit. 
 
 Our eminent author has been compared with the cele 
 brated American philosopher Jonathan Edwards. 
 
 "Mr. Edwards comes nearer Bishop Butler as a philosophical 
 divine than any other theologian with whom we are acquainted. 
 His style, like Butler's, is very much that of a man thinking aloud. 
 In both these authors, the train of thinking in their own minds is 
 more clearly exhibited to us than perhaps by any other author, 
 whilst they show us with great truth and distinctness, what their 
 notions are, and how they came by them, with very little concern 
 about the form of expression in which they are conveyed. Butler, 
 however, had a larger mind than Edwards, and was by no means 
 so much of a mere dialectician. If, therefore, he be less acute than 
 the American, he is more comprehensive, and gives fairer play to 
 every opposing argument." Encyc. Brit. 
 
 Lord Kames, speaking of devotion as being natural to 
 man, adds, in a note, 
 
 " See this principle beautifully explained and illustrated in a Ser 
 mon upon the Love of God, by Doctor Butler, Bishop of Durham. 
 a writer of the first rank." Sketches of the History of Man, vol.'iv. 
 " Every reader of Butler's Sermons must be sensible, that they 
 afford an admirable proof of his sasracitv in treating moral ques- 
 tions. We cannot but think that what he hath advanced, on the ' 
 several subjects discussed by him. is decisive ; and that he ought 
 forever to have silenced those philosophers who resolve all human i 
 actions into the sole principle of self-love. It should be remem- ! 
 bered, that our author's Sermons are chiefly to be considered as phi 
 losophical and moral discourses, addressed to a select auditory : for 
 they can by no means be regarded as general models of preaching." . 
 The obscurity of Butler's style has been frequently ob- ' 
 jected to. And yet both the Sermons and the Analogy ! 
 had received the revision of the accurate and perspicuous ' 
 Seeker. Mainwaring, in his Dissertation on the Composi- j 
 tion of Sermons, whilst he greatly commended Bishop But- | 
 ler's writings, also refers to this imputed want of clearness ! 
 of style : 
 
 " Newton and Locke, who rescued learning from the slavery of 
 systems, and taught men to think for themselves, were both of the 
 laity, and both friends to revealed relisrion. Since their time, an 
 other writer arose, whoso vein of thinking is alike original, and 
 whose works, though he had neither the gift of eloquence, nor the 
 art of expressing himself with grace or ease, have done honour to 
 his country 1 he method of reasoning he chiefly adopts, is an ap 
 peal to fects, of which all men are judges; and even when most 
 abstruse or abstracted, it is not perplexed or fallacious. For nTJS, 
 physics, which had nothing to support it but mere abstraction or 
 shadowy speculation, Bishop Butfer hath placed on the fiWn bass 
 of observation and experiment: and, by pursuing precisely the 
 same mode of reasoning in the science of morals, as his great pre 
 decessor f,ewton had done in the system of nature, hath formed 
 and concluded a happy alliance between faith and philosophy The 
 Sermons he published, excepting some few of a more popular cast 
 are deep disquisitions on the plan of his Analogy, We ll suited to a 
 learned audience, in an age so fond of enquiry, although the im 
 propriety of preaching them appeared to him to require some 
 apology. But surely such an exercise of the understanding if the 
 hearers are capable of it, must meliorate the heart. Besides I 
 cannot but wish, that, as there is so great an abundance of the 
 practical sort, some sermons were written chiefly with a view to 
 314 
 
 BUT 
 
 ' readers ; and those, too, persons of an improved taste, and culti 
 vated minds." 
 
 Few productions of the human mind have elicited the 
 labours of so many learned commentators as have em 
 ployed their talents in the exposition of Butler's Analogy. 
 We notice the editions of (1) Duke; 2. Busby, 1840; 3. 
 Pughe, 1842; 4. Halifax, last ed., 1844 ; 5. Wilson, 7th ed 
 1846; 6. Sir G. W. Craufurd, 3d ed., 1847; 7. Wilkinson^ 
 1847; last ed., 1853; 8. Fitzgerald, 1848; 9. Button, last 
 ed., 1855; 10. Angus, 1855; 11. Gorle, 1857; 12. Steere, 
 1857. To these may be added the American edits, 13 
 Bishop Hobart; 14. Rev. B. F. Tefft; 15. Rev. Albert 
 Barnes, last ed., (Lon.,) 1851; 16. Rev. Drs. Emory and 
 Crooks, 1856; 17. Howard Malcom, D.D., 1857. 
 
 11 His great work on the Analogy of Religion to the Course of 
 Nature, though only a commentary on the singularly original 
 and pregnant passage of Origen, which is so honestly prefixed to it 
 as a motto, is notwithstanding, the most original and profound 
 work extant in any language, on the Philosophy of Religion. His 
 ethical discussions are contained in those deep, and sometimes 
 dark Dissertations, which he preached at the Chapel of the Rolls, 
 and afterwards published under the name of Sermons, while he 
 was yet fresh from the schools, and full of that courage with which 
 youth often delights to exercise its strength in abstract reasoning, 
 and to push its faculties into the recesses of abstruse speculation. 
 ... In these sermons he has taught truths, more capable of being 
 exactly distinguished from the doctrines of his predecessors, more 
 satisfactorily established by him, more comprehensively applied 
 to particulars, more rationally connected with each other, and 
 therefore more worthy of the name of discovery, than any with 
 which we are acquainted; if we ought not, with some hesitation, 
 to except the first steps of the Grecian philosophers towards a 
 theory of morals. . . . There are few circumstances more remark 
 able than the small number of Butler's followers in Ethics ; and 
 it is perhaps still more observable, that his opinions were not so 
 much rejected, as overlooked. It is an instance of the importance 
 of style. No thinker so great was ever so bad a writer. Indeed, 
 the ingenious apologies which have been lately attempted for this 
 defect, amount to no more than that his power of thought was too 
 much for his skill in language. How general must the reception 
 have been of truths so certain and momentous as those contained 
 in Butler's Discourses with how much more clearness must they 
 have appeared to his own great understanding, if he had possessed 
 the strength and distinctness with which Hobbes enforces odious 
 falsehood, or the unspeakable charm of that transparent diction 
 which clothed the unfruitful paradoxes of Berkeley 1" SIR JAMES 
 MACKINTOSH: Id Prelim. Dissert, to Encyc. Brit. 
 
 From the preface to Dr. Angus's edit, (which the Rev. 
 Dr. T. H. Home, in a private letter, especially commends 
 as worthy of our attention) we extract the following: 
 
 "I know of no author who has made a more just and happv use 
 of analogical reasoning than Bishop Butler in his ' Analogy of Re 
 ligion.' " DR. THOMAS REID. 
 
 " The most original and profound work extant in any language 
 on the philosophy of religion." SIR J. MACKINTOSH : Progress of 
 Eth. Phil. 
 
 "The most argumentative and philosophical defence of Chris 
 tianity ever submitted to the world." LORD BROUGHAM : A Disc, 
 of Nat. Theol., p. 202. 
 
 "The author to whom I am under the greatest obligations is 
 Bishop Butler." ' The whole of this admirable treatise one of the 
 most remarkable that any language can produce is intended to 
 show that the principles of moral government taught in the Scrip 
 tures are strictly analogous to those everywhere exhibited in the 
 government of the world as seen in natural religion." DR. WAT- 
 LAND : Moral Phil., p. 5 ; JnteJl. Phil., p. 338. 
 
 " I am ready to acknowledge that I trace so distinctly to his 
 writings the origin of the soundest and clearest views that I pos 
 sess upon the nature of the human mind, that I could not write 
 upon this or any kindred subject without a consciousness that I 
 was, directly or indirectly, borrowing largely from him." DR. 
 O'BRIEN: Sermons on the Human Nature of our Lord. 
 
 " It is from this book that I have been confirmed in many truths 
 of which it does not speak a word and which probably never 
 entered the mind of the author." DR. McCRiE: Life, p. 84. 
 
 "I have derived greater aid from the views and reasonings of 
 Bishop Butler than I have been able to find besides in the whole 
 range of our extant authorship." DR. CHALMERS: Bridgewater 
 Treatise, Pref. 
 
 "I am more indebted to his writings than to those of any other 
 uninspired writer for the insight which I have been enabled to 
 attain into the motives of the divine economy and the foundations 
 of moral obligation." DR. KATE, Bishop of Lincoln: Some Re- 
 mains of, by J. B., 1858. 
 
 "I am an entire disciple of Butler." CECIL: Remains, p. 195. 
 Butler, Lilly, D. D., Vicar of St. Mary, Alderman- 
 bury, London, 1691 ; Prebendary of Canterbury. Ser 
 mons, pub. separately, 1691-1716. 
 
 Butler, Piers Edmund, Curate of St. Margaret's, 
 Ipswich. The Rationality of Revealed Religion illustrated 
 in a Series of Sermons, <fcc., Ipswich, 1835, 12mo. 
 
 Butler, Robert, M.D. Blood-letting, Lon., 1734,8vo. 
 
 Butler, S. An Essay upon Education, Lon., . a., 8vo. 
 
 Butler, Samuel, 1612-1680, the author of Hudibras, 
 
 was a native of Strensham, a parish in Worcestershire. 
 
 He was sent to the cathedral school in Worcestershire, and 
 
 thence, it is said, to Cambridge, but to what college is not 
 
 known. Returning home, he became a clerk to Mr. Jef- 
 
 feries of Earls Crooinbe, which situation he was so fortunate 
 
BUT 
 
 as to exchange for a place in the household of Elizabeth, 
 Countess of Kent, where he made the acquaintance and 
 friendship of her ladyship's steward, the great Selden. 
 This intimacy was no doubt improved by Butler to his in 
 tellectual profit. We subsequently find him an inmate in 
 the family of Sir Samuel Luke, a gentleman of Bedford 
 shire, and a commander of note under Cromwell. Sir 
 Samuel is the original of Hudibras. After the Restora 
 tion he was made secretary to Richard, Earl of Carbury, 
 (the friend of JEREMY TAYLOR, q. v.,) who appointed him 
 steward of Ludlow Castle. He became united in marriage 
 about this time to a Mrs. Herbert, a lady of fortune, which 
 was lost by unfortunate investments. In 1663 he pub. the 
 1st part of Hudibras; 2d part, 1664; 3d part, 1G78 ; more 
 was doubtless intended, for the poem is unfinished, and 
 ends abruptly. Three parts, Lon., 1700, and 1710, 1716, 
 1720, 12mo. With large Annotations, and a preface by 
 Dr. Z. Grey, and plates by Hogarth, Camb., 1744, 2 vols. 
 8vo, and 1819, 3 vols. 8vo. With an addit. vol. of Notes 
 by Dr. Nash, Lon., 1793, 3 vols. 4to ; new edit, illustrated, 
 Lon., 1847, 2 vols. 8vo. Trans, into French by Townley, 
 Lon., 1757, 3 vols. 12mo, and 1819, 3 vola. 12rno, with 
 Notes by Larcher : 
 
 " Hudibras has been admirably translated into Voltaire's own 
 language by an English gentleman, (J. Townley,) whose version 
 displays a singular union of spirit and fidelity." 
 
 " Scarron is among French writers what Butler is amongst our 
 own." 
 
 Dr. Grey's edit, has been highly commended : 
 "The best critical edition of this author was by Dr. Grey, in 
 1744; a performance replete with curious, interesting, and accu 
 rate historical and bibliographical intelligence. I rarely open 
 this book without rising gratified by its perusal." DibdMs Li 
 brary Companion. 
 
 Dr. Nash's edit., illustrated by 60 engraved Portraits, 
 and numerous fine wood-cuts, including the noted frontis 
 piece styled by Dr. Dibdin, "among the miracles of modern 
 art," is a beautiful book : 
 
 " The introduction of so many portraits of interesting person 
 ages, must give the best recommendation these volumes can ob 
 tain to the library of the man of taste." Lrm. Art Union Journal. 
 Mr. A. Ramsay has also edited an edit, in 1 vol. : 
 " A careful analysis, with ample extracts ; such as may be read 
 with pleasure by the most fastidious." Lon. Atliencvum. 
 
 In 1715 appeared what is called The Posthumous Works 
 of Samuel Butler, in 3 vols. 12mo. Of this collection of 
 50 pieces, three only are genuine. An authentic collec 
 tion was pub. by Mr. R. Thyer in 1759, 2 vols. 8vo, en 
 titled, Genuine Remains in Prose and Verse, with Notes. 
 
 " These remains do not answer my expectations, and as for the 
 editor, he is always in the wrong where there was a possibility of 
 mistaking." BISHOP WARBURTON. 
 
 Perhaps the best of Butler's prose works are the Cha 
 racters, (vol. 2d,) in the style of Earle, Hall, and Over- 
 bury. The best-known of his poetical pieces, after Hudi 
 bras, is The Elephant in the Moon, a satire on the Royal 
 Society. It has been generally supposed that Butler spent 
 his last years in great destitution, though this has been 
 denied; but as his friend Mr. Longueville buried him at 
 his own expense, there is little doubt of the truth of this 
 melancholy story. Indeed, Oldham's authority settles the 
 question. It is known that Hudibras was " the chief en 
 tertainment of Charles II., who often pleasantly quoted it 
 in conversation," and it is said that his majesty ordered 
 Butler the sum of 3000, but the order being written 'in 
 figures, somebody, through whose hands it passed, by cut 
 ting off a cypher, reduced it to 300. Dr. Johnson re 
 marks, " all that can be told with certainty is, that he 
 was poor." 
 
 The general design of Hudibras is borrowed from Don 
 Quixote. Butler's hero is a Presbyterian Justice of the 
 Peace, [Sir Samuel Luke,] who, "in the confidence of 
 legal authority, and the rage of zealous ignorance, ranges 
 the country to repress superstition and current abuses, ac 
 companied by an Independent Clerk, [Squire Ralpho,] 
 disputatious and obstinate, with whom he often debates, 
 but never conquers him." 
 
 " If inexhaustible wit could give perpetual pleasure, no eye 
 would ever leave half- read the work of Butler: for what poet has 
 ever brought so many remote images so happily together? It is 
 scarcely possible to peruse a page without finding some association 
 of images that was never found before. By the first paragraph the 
 reader is amused, by the next he is delighted, and by a few more 
 strained to astonishment ; but astonishment is a tiresome plea 
 sure ; he is soon weary of wondering, and longs to be diverted." 
 DR. JOHNSON : Life of Butler. 
 
 " Concerning Hudibras there is but one sentiment it is uni 
 versally allowed to be the first and last poem of its kind ; the 
 learning, wit, and humour, certainly stand unrivalled: various 
 have been the attempts to describe and define the two last. . . 
 If any one wishes to know what wit and humour are. let him read 
 Hndibras with attention ; he will there see them displayed in the 
 brightest colours: there is lustre resulting from the quick eluci- 
 
 BUT 
 
 dation of an object, by a just and unexpected arrangement of it 
 .i;h another subject : propriety of words, and thoughts elegantly 
 dapted to the occasion: objects which possess an affinity or con- 
 gruity, or sometimes a contrast to each other, assembled with 
 quickness and variety ; in short, every ingredient of wit or of hu 
 mour, which critics have discovered on dissecting them, may be 
 bund in this poem." REV. DR. NASH : Preface to Hud. bras. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott describes the poetry of Butler as being 
 merely the comedy of that style of composition which 
 Donne and Cowley practised in its more serious form. See 
 Scott's Life of Dryden. 
 
 Hudibras was incomparably more popular than Paradise Lost; 
 no poem in our language rose at once to greater reputation. Nor 
 can this be called ephemeral, like that of most political poetry. 
 For at least half a century after its publication it was generally 
 read, and perpetually quoted. The wit of Butler has still pre 
 served many lines; but Hudibras now attracts comparatively few 
 readers. The eulogies of Johnson seem rather adapted to what 
 he remembered to have been the fame of Butler, than to the feel- 
 _ngs of the surrounding generation; and since his time, new 
 sources of amusement have sprung up, and writers of a more in 
 telligible pleasantry have superseded those of the seventeenth 
 century. In the fiction of Hudibras there was never much to di 
 vert the reader, and there is still less left at present. But what 
 has been censured as a fault, the length of dialogue, which puts 
 the fiction out of sight, is in fact the source of all the pleasure that 
 the work affords. The sense of Butler is masculine, his wit inex 
 haustible, and it is supplied from every source of reading and ob 
 servation. But these sources are often so unknown to the reader 
 that the wit loses its effect through the obscurity of its allusions, 
 and he yields to the bane of wit, a purblind, mole-like pedantry. 
 His versification is sometimes spirited, and his rhymes humorous; 
 yet he wants that ease and flow which we require in light poetry." 
 HALLAM : Jntroduct. to Lit. History. 
 
 Mr. Hallam's critique has not itself escaped criti 
 cism, but we consider the opinions above quoted as very 
 just. It may be true, as alleged, that to the historical 
 reader the events of the Revolution are generally well 
 known, but even the historian must tax his recollection in 
 reading Hudibras, and there can be little opportunity for 
 amusement when the mind is engaged in coaxing the me 
 mory. Hudibras is a work to be studied once, and gleaned 
 occasionally. It may continue neglected, but can never 
 be entirely forgotten. 
 
 Butler, Samuel, 1774-1840, a native of Kenilworth, 
 Warwickshire, was educated at Rugby School and St. John's 
 College, Cambridge, where he was highly distinguished 
 for his classical proficiency, obtaining two of Sir William 
 Browne's medals for the Latin odes, and one for the Greek, 
 and being elected Craven scholar in 1793, against Keate, 
 Bethell, and Coleridge. He was elected a Fellow of his 
 College in 1797; appointed head-master of Shrewsbury 
 School, 1798 ; Bishop of Lichfield, 1836. The bishop pub. 
 a number of works, consisting of classical treatises, ser 
 mons, tracts against Priestley, (pub. 1783, '84, '86 ; 3d edit., 
 1812,) and several geographical works, which have had 
 large circulation. A new edit, of his Atlas of A. and M. 
 Geography, edited by his son, was pub. in 1853, 2 vols. 
 His most important undertaking was his edit, of jEschylus, 
 for which arduous duty he was specially selected about the 
 time of his appointment to the mastership of Shrewsbury 
 School. This elaborate work was pub. in 4 vols. 4to ; also 
 in 6 vols. 8vo, 1806-12. See a list of this worthy and 
 learned prelate's publications in the Gent. Mag., February, 
 1840. The Bishop's Discourse on Christian Liberty 
 (Shrewsbury, 8vo) has been praised as 
 
 " An able sermon. This eminent scholar seems to have a clear 
 insight into the free constitution of Christianity. He is equally 
 the enemy of superstition and of intolerance." Lon. Monthly Ke- 
 pository. 
 
 Butler, Samuel. The Australian Emigrant's Com 
 plete Guide, 18mo. 
 
 " We have not seen any single work, great or small, where so 
 large a body of really useful and practical information was to be 
 found as in this little volume." The Scotsman. 
 
 "We recommend the Australian Emigrant's Guide strongly for 
 perusal." Dumfries Times. 
 
 Emigrant's Complete Guide to Canada. 
 
 " Whether we regard the amount of the information, or the 
 manner in which it is condensed and arranged, we must say Mr. 
 Butler has done good service to the cause of Emigration." Green. 
 Advertiser. 
 
 Butler, Captain T. The Little Bible of the Man. 
 "Printed in the first year of England's Liberty, 1649." 
 In this singular little volume the progress of the Chris 
 tian's Life is characterized under the several Books of the 
 Bible, from Genesis to Isaiah. 
 
 Butler, Thomas, Doctor of the Canon and Civil 
 Laws. A Treatise of the Holy Sacrifice of the Altar, called 
 the Masse, Lon., 1570, 16mo, from the Italian. 
 
 Butler, Thomas, M.D. A Method of procuring any 
 quantity of Fresh Water at Sea, Lon., 1755, 8vo. 
 
 " Dr. B.'s plan is to add a quart of strong soap leys to fifteen 
 gallons of salt water, which will yield twelve gallons of fresh wa 
 ter, by distillation." DR. WATT : Bill. Brit. 
 
BUT 
 
 BUT 
 
 Butler, Weeden, 1742-1823, a native of Margate, ' 
 was curate to the celebrated Dr. Dodd, and his successor 
 at Charlotte Chapel, Pimlico. He kept a classical school , 
 at Chelsea for 40 years, and to his praise be it spoken j 
 "planned and instituted the SUNDAY SCHOOL of that pa- | 
 rish." He pub. Sermons, 1798, '99 ; Memoirs of Mark | 
 Hildesley, D.D., Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man, 1799; 
 of the Rev. Dr. Stanhope, Dean of Canterbury ; Jortin's 
 Tracts, 1790, 2 vols. 8vo; The Cheltenham Guide, 8vo, 
 and Wilcock's Roman Conversations, 1797, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Butler, Weeden, Jr., son of the above, and also a 
 divine. The French Republic and the Helvetic Body; 
 trans, from the French, Lon., 1794, 8vo. Bagatelles, 1795, 
 8vo. The Wrongs of Unterwalden, trans., 1799, 8vo. 
 Zimao, the African; trans., Lon., 1800, 8vo; 2d edit., 1807, 
 12mo. 
 
 Butler, William, Prebendary of St. Paul's. Ser 
 mons pub. separately, 1704, '12, '15, '19, '22, '23, '24, '29. 
 Butler, William, 1748-1822, a native of St. John's, 
 near Worcester, was long a well-known teacher of writing 
 and geography, and pub. several school-books which have 
 been used for many years in the schools of England. In- 
 troduc. to Arithmetic, 1785, 8vo. Arithmet. Questions on 
 a new plan, 1795, 8vo. 
 " In a book of common Arithmetic we did not expect to find 
 
 that variety of information which this work contains As a 
 
 book of general instruction and amusement, altogether uncon 
 nected with arithmetical rules, it does honour to the compiler, 
 and deserves to be remembered." Lon. Monthly Review, vol. xxii., 
 New Series. 
 
 Also see commendations in the Monthly Preceptor, vol. 
 vi. ; European Mag., vol. i. ; Dr. Willich's Domestic En 
 cyclopedia; Edgeworth's Practical Education. 
 
 Chronological, Biographical, Historical, and Miscellane 
 ous Exercises on a new plan, designed for daily use, 1798, 
 12mo. 
 
 " We have seldom seen such a quantity of useful information in 
 so small a compass." British Critic, vol. xxx. 
 
 " It does great credit to the information and industry of its au 
 thor." Eclectic Review, vol. vi. 
 
 See also Critical Review; Monthly Review; Literary 
 Panorama; Gent. Mag. 
 
 Exercises on the Globes, 1798, 12mo. 
 " One of the best books of the kind that have come before us." 
 British Critic. 
 
 " It would be difficult to fix upon any book of equal size that 
 contains so much interesting matter on almost every subject." 
 A.ikin's Annual Review, vol. vii. 
 
 See Monthly Review ; Ladies' Monthly Museum ; Monthly 
 Visiter; European Mag. 
 
 Arithmetical Tables, 1802, 32mo. 
 
 " Various tables, with which it is necessary that the minds of 
 both sexes should be made thoroughly acquainted." Monthly 
 Visitor. 
 
 Geographical Exercises on the N. Testament, 1813, 12mo. 
 " He gathers flowers from the fields and gardens to strew the 
 path of learning, and encourage the progress of the student." 
 Evangelical Mag., 1814. 
 
 See European Mag. ; Literary Panorama. 
 Butler, William Allen, b. 1825, a native of Albany, 
 New York, and son of Benjamin F. Butler, late Attorney- 
 General of the United States, graduated at the New York 
 University in 1843. He travelled in Europe from July, 
 1846, to December, 1848, and on his return commenced 
 the practice of the law in the city of New York. Mr. 
 Butler has contributed a number of papers to the Demo 
 cratic Review, and The Literary World. 
 
 " He has wit. and humour, a lively fancy, and a style natural 
 and flexible, abounding in felicities of expression. In general, he 
 writes hastily, and finishes a piece at a sitting." Griswold's Poets 
 and Poetry r,f America. 
 
 The poetical piece entitled The Incognita of Raphael, 
 possesses great beauty, and will remind the reader of one 
 of the most celebrated compositions of modern times. 
 
 Nothing to Wear: an Episode of City Life, N. York, 
 1857, 18mo : many edits, in England and America. 
 
 "The nonsense, on the whole, is good nonsense; and we have 
 quoted it [entire] in order that the grave reader may find some 
 thing in to-day's number of the Athenxum that he may safely 
 Skip if he pleases." Lon. Athen., 1857, 1320. 
 
 Two Millions : a Satire, 1853, 12mo. Not without merit, 
 but exhibiting preat carelessness in versification. 
 
 Butler, William Archer, 1814-1848, a native of 
 Annerville, near Clonmel, Ireland. He was born and edu 
 cated a Roman Catholic, but became a Protestant, and 
 entered Trinity College, Dublin, in which institution he 
 was appointed (the first) Professor of Moral Philosophy in 
 1837. 1. Serms., with a Memoir by Rev. (Dean) Thomas 
 Woodward, DubL, 1849, 8vo ; 3d ed., Lon., 1855 8vo 
 Phila., 1856, 12mo; 2d Series, Camb., 1855, 8vo; Phila.I 
 1857, 8vo : see JEREMIE, JAMES AMERIAUX, D.D., No. 4. 
 
 2. Letters on the Development of Christian Doctrine : a 
 Reply to J. H. Newman, D.D., [q. ., No. 14,] edited by 
 Dean Woodward, Dubl., 1850, 8vo ; 1854, 8vo ; 1856, 8vo. 
 
 3. Letters on Romanism : a Reply to Cardinal Wiseman, 
 edited by Dean Woodward, Lon., 1854, 8vo ; 1856, 8vo. 
 
 4. Lects. on the Hist, of Ancient Philosophy, edited, with 
 Notes, by Wm. Hepworth Thompson, Camb., 1856, 2 vols. 
 8vo ; Phila., 1857, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "I have seen enough of them to be convinced of their great 
 scientific value, and am much gratified in finding so important a 
 subject treated with so much learning and acuteness." SIR WM. 
 HAMILTON, Professor of Logic and Metaphysics, Edinburgh. 
 Also commended by the Lon. Examiner. 
 Butler, William John, Vicar of Wantage. Lec 
 tures on the Prophecies, 1838, 12mo. 25 Serms., 1847. 
 
 Butler, Maj. -General William O., of Kentucky, 
 is the author of a number of poetical pieces ; of which The 
 Boat Horn is one of the most popular. 
 Butley, John. Sermons, 1746, '48, '54, 8vo. 
 Butt, George. Sermons, 1775, '76, '85, '93, 8vo. 
 Butt, Isaac. Lectures on Protection to Home Indus 
 try, Oxf., 8vo. The Poor Law Bill for Ireland Examined, 
 Lon., 1837, 8vo. 
 
 " A clever, well-written pamphlet, which deserved more atten 
 tion than it appears to have met with." McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. 
 Economy. 
 
 Butt, J. M. Queries on the Doctrine of the Church 
 of England respecting Baptism, &c., Oxf., 1824, 12mo. 
 
 " A very useful little work, compiled by a sound and learned 
 divine." Lowndes's Brit. Libr. 
 
 Butt, James Strode. Mathemat. Con. to Nic. 
 Jour., 1806. 
 
 Butt, John Marten. The Revelation of St. John, 
 1804. Prophecy of Daniel, Lon., 1807, 18mo. The Last 
 Vision of Daniel, 1808, ISrno. The Divinity of the Apo 
 calypse, 1809, 12mo. 
 
 Butt, Martha Haines, b. 1834, Va. Anti-Fanati 
 cism ; a tale of the South. Contrib. to numerous journals. 
 Butt, R. G. 1. Appeal to the Public. 2. Sherborne 
 Castle, and other Poems, 1815, '16. 
 
 Butt, Thomas, Rector of Kinnersley, and Curate of 
 Trentham. Serms. preached in the Parish Church of 
 Trentham, Lon., 1838, 8vo. 
 Buttan, Christopher, D.D. Sermon, 1808. 
 Butter, Alex., Surg. Con. to Edin. Med. Ess., 1734. 
 Butter, Mrs. H. Vensenshon; or, Love's Mazes, 
 1806, 3 vols. 
 
 Butter, Henry. Key to the Old Testament, 1817, 8vo. 
 Butter, William, M.D., 1726-1805, studied at Edin 
 burgh, practised at Derby, and afterwards at London. 
 Cure for the Stone, Edin., 1754, 12mo. Dissertatio do 
 Frigore quatenus Morborum Causa, Edin., 1757, 8vo. 
 j Dissertatio Medica et Chirurgica de Arteriotamia, Edin., 
 i 1761, 8vo. Treatise on the Infantile Remittent Fever, 
 Lon., 1 782, 8vo. Other profess, treatises. 
 
 Butterfield. Microscopes and Magnetic Sand, Phil. 
 Trans., 1698, Ac. 
 
 Butterfield, Henry, of Trinity Church, Newington. 
 Homilies for earnest Inquirers, Lon., 1839, 12mo. 
 
 Butterfield, Swithurne. A Summarie of the Prin 
 ciples of Christian Religion, Lon., 1582, 8vo. Catechisine, 
 1590, 8vo. 
 
 Butterman, W. Arithmetical Works, 1805, '06, 12mo. 
 Butterworth. Works on Writing and Arithmetic. 
 Butterworth, John. A New Concordance and Diet 
 of the Holy Scriptures, 1767, '85; and 3d edit, by Dr. 
 Adam Clarke, with alterations, 1816, 8vo. 
 
 " This is in a great measure a judicious and valuable abridg 
 ment of Mr. Cruden's Concordance. Singular pains were bestowed 
 by its compiler, in order to insure correctness, by collating every 
 word and reference in the proof sheets with the several texts of 
 the Bible." T. H. Home's Jntroduc. 
 
 Butterworth, Lawrence. Superexcellency of the 
 Christian Religion Displayed, Ac., 1784, 8vo. Thoughts 
 on Moral Government and Agency, 1792, 8vo. In these 
 treatises the views of Mr. Lindsey and Dr. Priestley are 
 criticized. 
 
 Buttes, Henry? Fellow of Christ Church, Oxford. 
 Dyet's Dry Dinner : consisting of eight seueral Courses. 
 1. Fruites. 2. Hearbes. 3. Flesh. 4. Fish. 5. Whit- 
 meats. 6. Spice. 7. Sauce. 8. Tobacco. All serued in 
 after the order of Time Vniuersall, Lon., 1599, 16mo. 
 
 See a portrait of the author of this curious work in 
 Harding's Biographical Mirror. 
 
 Button, Edward. Trans, of the Persian Tables, 1754. 
 Button, John. Poems, 1804, 4to, and a vol.,1809,12mo. 
 Button, William, a Baptist minister. Remarks on 
 " The Gospel of Christ worthy, &c.," 1785, 12mo. A Dic 
 tionary of the Bible, 1796. 
 
BUT 
 
 "Button's Diet, of the Bible, compared with Brown's, is not un 
 like Butterworth's Concordance compared with Cruden's: com 
 prising much useful matter in a small space." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 " By means of a very small, but clear, type, a vast quantity of 
 matter is comprised within the compass of this little volume. The 
 book, without doubt, may be serviceable to many." British Critic, 
 O. &, x. 201. 
 
 Buttonshaw, Thomas. A Defense of Bishop 
 Hoadly's Plain Account of the Nature and End of the 
 Lord's Supper, Lon., 1747, 8vo. 
 
 Butts, Robert, Bishop of Norwich, 1732, '33, trans, 
 to Ely, 1738. Sermon on the Accession, 1712, 4to; ditto 
 before the House of Lords, 1737, 4to. Charge to his 
 Clergy, 1740, 4to. 
 
 Buxton, Charles. Memoirs of Sir Thomas Fowell 
 Buxton, Bart., with selections from his correspondence, by 
 his son ; 3d edit., Lon., 1851, 8vo. 
 
 " The editor has been contented to rely as far as possible on the 
 correspondence and diaries in bis possession, and the anecdotes 
 furnished by a few elder friends : but both classes of material well 
 deserved in this case the advantage of a neat setting, and have re 
 ceived it. ... It is highly creditable for his son to have produced 
 thus early a biography generally clear, yet seldom profuse and 
 though shewing entire sympathy with the- course portrayed, 
 hardly ever using language that will offend any candid reader." 
 Lon. Quarterly Review, June, 1848. 
 
 " One of the most thoroughly well-written pieces of biography 
 that have issued from the modern press." Evangelical Mag. 
 
 "The memoirs will teach the world to do full justice to the cha 
 racter of a true English gentleman." Lon. Daily News. 
 
 Vide post. 
 
 Buxton, Isaac, M.D. Regulated Temperature for 
 Invalids' Chambers, Lon., 1810, 8vo. 
 
 Buxton, Jarvis Baring, late Rector of St. John's 
 Church, Fayetteville, N. Carolina. Parish Serms., N.Y., 8vo. 
 
 "The style of these discourses is nervous and unambitious: 
 they are marked by sincerity and piety, and a full persuasion that 
 the preacher is delivering to his hearers the true meaning of the 
 Sacred Scriptures. It is an excellent volume for the instruction 
 of the laity, and should find its place in every parish library. The 
 younger clergy may with profit master the sound doctrine here 
 contained, and study to catch the glow of spirit and the devotion 
 to the church which are exhibited on every page." New York 
 Churchman. 
 
 Buxton, Richard. Guide to Flowering Plants near 
 Manchester, Lon., 1849, 12mo. 
 
 Buxton, Sir Thomas Fowell, 1786-1845, one of 
 the noblest examples of philanthropic zeal of modern 
 times, was a native of Earl's Colne, Essex ; M.P. for 
 Weymouth, 1818-1837; created a baronet, 1840. In con 
 junction with his sister-in-law, Elizabeth Fry, and his 
 brother-in-law, Mr. Hoare, he personally laboured in the 
 important cause of Prison Discipline. As the successor 
 of William Wilberforce, in his praiseworthy efforts to 
 abolish the Slave Trade, Mr. Buxton's persevering and 
 successful labours are well known. He pub. an Inquiry 
 whether Crime and Misery are Produced or Prevented by 
 our Present System of Prison Discipline, Lon., 1818, 8vo ; 
 4th edit., Edin., 1818, Svo; and a treatise on the African 
 Slave-Trade, 8vo ; several edits. 
 
 "In 1840 he was created a baronet, a dignity to which his 
 public character and large private fortune well entitled him, but 
 which he accepted rather as an acknowledgment of merit rendered 
 valuable by the slanderous attacks which had been made upon 
 him than as an object of personal ambition. No man was more 
 exempt from vanity than Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton : his manners 
 were too plain and his mind was too elevated for such a puerility. 
 Buxton's great merit as a public man consisted in his industry, ^is 
 energy, and his straightforward honesty of purpose. He never 
 affected display, for he had the good taste to despise it ; yet he was 
 always favourably heard, not only because he was the acknow 
 ledged head of the religious party, but because his statements 
 were stamped with authority: they were known and felt to be 
 true, and they were put forward with a manner and perspicuity 
 which essentially belong to truth. It was his principle to address 
 himself to the understanding and not to the passions of his au 
 dience; and he rarely failed eventually in producing conviction. 
 He was eminently a religious man ; and those who knew him 
 privately can testify to the earnestness and humble faith with 
 which he always submitted the event of his important labours 
 with pious resignation to the will of God. He was a faithful and 
 affectionate member of the Church of England : but he was not 
 the man to regard sectarian differences as of importance where he 
 found hand and heart united in zealous effort for the good of man 
 kind. Although he had selected for himself a peculiar path of 
 charity, he was liberal in his support of all benevolent institu 
 tions, and particularly of the Bible and Missionary Societies and 
 such as had for their objects the education and improvement 
 of the poor." Obituary notice in Lon. Gent. Mag., May, 1845, 
 545-546. 
 
 We need such examples of noble disinterestedness as 
 Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton to cheer our hopes of humanity, 
 by proving to us that the world is not "wholly given to 
 [self] idolatry." 
 
 Buxton, William. Ship-Owner's Manual of Mercan 
 tile Marine, Lon., 1852, 12mo. 
 
 BYG 
 
 Buy, William. Narrative of the Second Siege of 
 Zaragossa; from the Spanish, Lon., 1809, 8vo. 
 
 Buyers, William, missionary at Benares. Recol 
 lections of Northern India, 1840, 8vo. Letters in India, 
 with Special Reference to the Spread of Christianity, 
 1848, 12mo. 
 
 Such a practical manual was much needed as a guide to mis 
 sionaries, and as a means of instruction to the friends of missions 
 in general." ion. Evangelical Mag. 
 
 1! yam, Francis. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1755 : Im 
 pression on a Stone ; Quantity of Rain in Antigua. 
 
 Byam, Henry, D.D., 1580-1669, a native of Somer 
 setshire, was entered of Exeter College, Oxford, 1697; 
 elected a student of Christ Church, 1 699 ; Prebendary of 
 Exeter, 1631. He was distinguished for his loyalty, and 
 four of his five sons were captains in the royal army. His 
 wife and daughter were drowned in flying from the rebels. 
 During the Rebellion he was deprived of his dignities, but 
 after the Restoration was made Canon of Exeter, and Pre 
 bendary of Wells. He was the father of the governor 
 alluded to in Southern's play of Oroonbko, whom Mrs. 
 Behn satirizes. A Sermon, Lon., 1628, 8vo. Thirteen 
 Sermons; most of them preached before Charles II. in his 
 exile; with a life of the author, by Mr. Ward, Lon., 
 1675, 8vo. 
 
 "For sanctity of life, for learning, charity, and loyalty, scarce 
 to be equall'd by any in the age he lived." Atlien. Oxon. 
 
 Byerley, John Scott. Novels, dramatic, poetical, 
 and political pieces, 1803-14. The Prince : trans, from 
 the Italian of Machiavelli ; to which is prefixed an Intro 
 duction, showing the close analogy between the Principles 
 of Machiavelli, and the Actions of Bonaparte, 1810, 8vo. 
 
 "To translate 'The Prince' of Machiavelli is to write the life of 
 Bonaparte, and the Secret History of the Court of St. Cloud." 
 Vide Introduction. 
 
 Byfield, Adoniram, a zealous "Commonwealth- 
 man," satirized in Hudibras. The Grand Debate between 
 Presbytery and Independency; with other tracts, Lon., 
 1652, 4to. 
 
 Byfield, Nathaniel, 1653-1733, Member of the 
 Council of Massachusetts. Account of the Revolution in 
 New England ; together with the Declaration of the Gentle 
 men, Merchants, and Inhabitants of Boston, <fcc., 1689, 4to. 
 
 Byfield, Nicholas, b. about 1579. d. 1652, a native 
 of Warwickshire, was an eminent Puritan divine. He be 
 came a servitor of Exeter College in 1579, was invited to 
 be pastor of St. Peter's Church, Chester, and subsequently, 
 in 1615, Vicar of Isleworth. Exposition of the Epistle to 
 the Colossians, Lon., 1615, fol. This contains "the sub 
 stance of neare seven years' weeke-dayes." 
 
 " It is full of good sense and spiritual savour, and abounds with 
 pertinent citations of Scripture, without any pretensions to ora 
 torical dress." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 " It has much spiritual instruction." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Serm. on the 1st chap, of 1st Peter, 1617, 4to. Essay 
 concerning the Assurance of God's Love and Man's Sal 
 vation, 1614, Svo. The Marrow of the Oracles of God, Ac., 
 
 1622, 12mo. Sermon on the 1st Epistle General of Peter, 
 
 1623, 4to. Exposition of the Apostles' Creed, 1626, 4to. 
 A Commentary on the first Chapters of 1st Peter, 1637, fol. 
 
 " An excellent Puritan exposition." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Other treatises. 
 
 " He was a strict observer of the Lord's Day, and preached and 
 wrote for the sincere observance of it." Atlien. Oxon. 
 
 " He was a man of a profound judgment, strong memory, sharp 
 wit, quick invention, and unwearied industry. ... He had a sin- 
 gulargift in diving into the depths of those points which he un 
 dertook to handle." GOUGE. 
 
 Byfield, Richard, d. 1664, half-brother to the above, 
 a Puritan divine, obtained the living of Long-Ditton dur 
 ing the Commonwealth ; ejected at the Restoration. The 
 Light of Faith, and Way of Holiness, Lon., 1630, Svo. 
 Doctrine of the Sabbath Vindicated, 1632, 4to. The Power 
 of the Christ of God, 1641, 4to. Sermons, and other treatises. 
 Wood, no favourer of Puritans, calls Byfield ironically 
 
 " A leading man for carrying on the blessed cause, a reformer 
 of his church of superstition (as he called it) by plucking up the 
 steps leading to the altar, and levelling it lower than the rest of 
 the chancel, by denying his parishioners (particularly his patron 
 that gave him L. Ditton) the sacrament, unless they would take 
 it any way except kneeling. He was one of the assemb. of divines. 
 a great covenanter, an eager preacher against bishops, ceremonies, 
 &c." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Byfield, T. Medical treatises, Lon., 1684, '85, '87, '95. 
 
 Byfield, T. A Closet Piece: The Experimental 
 Knowledg^ of the Ever-Blessed Father, Son, and Holy 
 Ghost, according to Revelation in the Holy Scriptures. 
 Lon., 1721, Svo. 
 
 Bygod, Francis. His Epistle to his Treatise con 
 cerning Impropriations of Benefices. See at the end of 
 H. Spelman's work on Tithes. 
 
 817 
 
BYL 
 
 BYR 
 
 1? viand, William. The Mechanic's Guide, 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Byles, Sir John B. A Practical Treatise on the Law 
 of Bills of Exchange, Promissory Notes, Bank Notes, 
 Bankers' Cash Notes, and Checks, <fcc., Lon., 1829, 12mo; 
 7th ed., 1857 ; 4th Amer. from the 7th Lon. ed., by Hon. 
 George Sharswood, Phila., 1856, 8vo. 
 
 "An able and carefully-written treatise, but too concise for the 
 purpose of general reference." Maroivfs Legnl Bibl. 
 
 Marvin's remark refers to the English edit, of 1843. 
 Moreover, a work of this kind must necessarily be "con 
 cise," in order to answer the purpose designed. We quote 
 some notices of the last American edition : 
 
 " I have had occasion to look into Byles on Bills and Promissory 
 Notes, with some care, and to examine the Notes of Judge Shars 
 wood. The English work is undoubtedly an excellent one; and 
 is particularly convenient for reference, from its arrangement and 
 condensation. And the notes of American decisions, by Judge 
 Sharswood, display much research and correct judgment on his 
 part, and add greatly to the value of this edition." R. B. TANEY, 
 Chief Justice of (he, Supreme Court of the United States. 
 
 "The law of bills of exchange and promissory notes, every 
 where in this trafficking and commercial country, claims much of 
 each practising lawyer's time and learning; and we have hereto 
 fore had some excellent treatises from men abundantly able, and 
 wonderfully patient and industrious as Bayley, Chitty, and Story 
 but no treatise has commanded so immediate and so continued 
 regard from the bar as Serjeant Byles's. The learned American 
 editor has judged well in annotating a treatise less cumbrous than 
 Chitty, more neat and exact than Story, and more modern than 
 Bayley, and perhaps quite as meritorious. The editorial depart 
 ment leaves little to be desired. The cases have been selected, and 
 arranged, and digested, with a view of aiding and illustrating the 
 principles stated in the text: the work is neither encumbered with 
 copious cases, cheaply borrowed from the digests, nor is it swollen 
 by an amplified discussion of the grounds of the cases familiar to 
 all the practitioners, and to be found in the horn-books of the law." 
 American Law Register, December, 1853. 
 
 This edition has been introduced as a text-book into the 
 law school of Harvard Coll. and the University of Virginia. 
 
 It is a fact worthy to be recorded, that Sir John B. Byles, 
 in the 7th edition of his valuable work, has incorporated 
 the Notes of Judge Sharswood. Sophisms of Free Trade 
 and Political Economy Examined; 8th ed., 1851, 12mo. 
 Observations on the Usury Laws, Lon., 1845, 8vo. The 
 author advocates the French system. 
 
 Byles, Mather, D.D., 1706-1788, a native of Boston, 
 New England, and minister there, was a man of consider 
 able note in his day. Pope presented him with the Odys 
 sey, and Dr. Watts transmitted his works to him as they 
 were pub. Dr. Byles himself had some pretensions to the 
 character of poet. He pub. A Poem on the Death of 
 George L, <fec., 1727. A poet. Epistle to Gov. Belcher on 
 the Death of his Lady, 1736. Miscellaneous Poems, 1744. 
 Occasional Sermons, pub. separately, 1729-71. 
 
 " He possessed an uncommon talent in making poems ; his ima 
 gination was fertile, and his satire keen ; his poetry evinces a rich 
 fancy, and the versification is polished." 
 
 Byne, Marquis. The Scornfull Quakers Answered, 
 and their Railing Confuted ; with a Reply to Lawson's 
 Answer to XXXVIII. Questions, Lon., 1656, 4to. 
 
 Byng, Sir George, afterwards Lord Viscount 
 Torrington, 1663-1733. Expedition to Sicily in the 
 years 1718, '19, '20, Lon., 1739, 8vo. 
 
 Byng, Honourable John, Admiral of the Blue, 4th 
 son of the above, 1704-1757, a victim to political persecu 
 tion, and martyr to the " 12th Article of War." His De 
 fence as presented by him, and read in the Court, 1756, 
 8vo. His Trial, 1756, fol. His Trial, Defence, and an 
 Appendix, 1756, 8vo. 
 
 Bynner, Henry. The Trial of John Binns for Se 
 dition, at the Assize for the County of Warwick, August 
 12, 1797, 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Bynns, Richard, Prebendary of Lichfield. Ser 
 mons, 1701, '10, '39. 
 
 Byon, John. An Account of the Sufferings of the 
 French Protestants in the Galleys, Lon., 1712, 8vo. 
 
 Byrch, William. Death of Q. Caroline; Sermon, 
 1737, 8vo. 
 
 Byrche, William, D.D., Chaplain to the Archbishop 
 of Canterbury, and Chancellor of Worcester. Consecra 
 tion of Bishop Chandler; serm. 1 Tim. iii. 7, 1717, 8vo. 
 Byrchenska, Rich. Discourse upon the Defeat of 
 the Rebels Tyrone and Odonell, 1602, 4to. In verse. 
 Byrd, Josias. Serm. Canticles, ii. 10, Oxon., 1613, 4to. 
 Byrd, Samuel. Dialogue betweene Paule and De- 
 mas, 1580. 
 
 Byrd, or Bird, William, 1543-1623, a very eminent 
 composer of sacred music, organist of Lincoln Cathedral, 
 1563; a gentleman of the Chapel Royal, 1569; subse 
 quently organist to Queen Elizabeth. Some of his pieces 
 are recorded in Lowndes's Bibl. Manual, and a fuller ac 
 count will be found in Burney's Hist, of Music. The cele- 
 318 
 
 brated canon, JVbn nobis Domine, has been ascribed to him, 
 although some claim it for Palustrina. 
 
 Byrd, William. Con. to Phil. Trans. 1697. Account 
 of a dappled Negro Boy. 
 
 Byrdall, Thomas. Serm., Lon., 1668. 
 
 Byrde, John, d. 1556, a native of Coventry, educated 
 at Oxf., Bishop of Bangor, 1539 ; of Chester, 1541. Queen 
 Mary deprived him of his bishopric on account of his be 
 ing married. He became suffragan to Bishop Bonner, and 
 Vicar of Dunmow, Essex. He was a zealous opponent of 
 the doctrine of the Pope's supremacy, but Strype says that 
 he endeavoured to dissuade the martyr Bilney from be 
 coming a Protestant. He was the author of Lectures on 
 the Epistles of St. Paul; De Fide Justificante, lib. i. 
 Learned Homilies ; an Epicede in prose. 
 
 " He was a person King Henry VIII. made use of: for in the 
 year 1535, he, with Bishop Fox, the almoner, and Bedel, a clerk 
 of the council, were sent to Queen Catherine, divorced from the 
 king, to forbear the name of queen, which nevertheless she would 
 not do." See Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Byres, James. Of the Extraordinary Heats at Rome 
 in 1768, Phil. Trans., 1768. 
 
 Byres, James. Hypogsei; or Sepulchral Caverns 
 of Tarquinia, the Capital of Ancient Etruria, 41 engrav 
 ings, with descriptions, edited by Frank Howard; 5 parts, 
 imp. fol., Lon., 1842. 
 
 " The above is a very interesting and well-executed work, repre 
 senting on a large scale the Sepulchral Temples of Etruria, with 
 the curious ancient paintings and sculpture preserved therein. 
 The author, James Byres, Esq., of Tonley, Aberdeenshire, was 
 nearly forty years antiquarian president at Rome." 
 
 Byrne, M., Surgeon in the U. S. Army. An Essay 
 to prove the contagious Character of Malignant Cholera, 
 with brief Instructions for its Prevention and Cure, 8vo, 
 2d edit., Phil., 1855. 
 
 "The method, style, doctrine, and practical wisdom, entitle it to 
 the careful perusal of every practitioner in the country." DR. J. 
 K. MITCHELL, Professorofthc Practice of Medicine in Jefferson Med. 
 Coll., Phil. 
 
 Byrom, John, 1691-1763, a native of Kersall, near 
 Manchester, England, was admitted a pensioner of Trinity 
 College, Cambridge, at the age of 16 ; took his degree of 
 B. A., 1711. His pastoral of Colin and Phoebe, pub. in 
 the Spectator, No. 603, excited great and deserved admira 
 tion. It is asserted that Phoobe was intended for Joanna, 
 the daughter of the great Bentley, master of Trinity Col 
 lege.. This young lady married Bishop Cumberland, and 
 was the mother of the celebrated William Cumberland. 
 Byrom had before contributed to The Spectator two excel 
 lent papers on Dreaming, under the name of John Shadow : 
 see Nos. 586 and 593. Byrom was chosen Fellow of his 
 college, and soon after took his degree of Master of Arts. 
 Not designing to take holy orders, he vacated his fellow 
 ship, and travelled for some time in France. Returning 
 home, he married his cousin, which displeasing his father 
 and uncle, the young couple were thrown upon their own 
 resources for a livelihood. Byrom now gave lessons in 
 stenography, and pub. two treatises upon the subject, 1767, 
 and Phil. Trans., 1748. (See the Encyclopaedias of Rees 
 and Nicholson for an account of Byrom's system.) By the 
 death of a brother he came into possession of the family 
 estate, and spent the rest of his days' in the enjoyment of 
 competence. An Epistle to a Gentleman of the Temple, 
 1749. Enthusiasm; a Poem, 1751. The Contest, [between 
 Blank Verse and Rhyme,] 1755, 8vo. Universal Short 
 Hand, 1767 : and Phil. Trans., 1748. Miscellaneous Poems, 
 1773, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " He always found it easier to express his thoughts in verse than 
 in prose. . . . "With such an attachment to rhyme, he wrote with 
 ease : it is more to his credit that he wrote in general with correct 
 ness, and that his mind was stored with varied imagery and original 
 turns of thought, which he conveys in flowing measure, always 
 delicate, and often harmonious. In his Dialogue on Contentment, 
 and his Poem On the Fall of Man, in answer to Bishop Sherlock, 
 he strongly reminds us of Pope in the celebrated Essay, although 
 in the occasional adoption of quaint conceits he appears to have 
 followed the example of the earlier poets. Of his long pieces, per 
 haps the best is Enthusiasm, which is distinguished by superior 
 information, and a glow of vigorous fancy suited to the subject." 
 
 If the reader be unacquainted with Colin and Phoebe, 
 and wish to realize what the Eastern monarch sighed for 
 in vain " a new pleasure" let him or her immediately 
 refer to the Spectator, No. 603, and read this sweet pastoral. 
 Byrom's poems will be found in Johnson and Chalmers's 
 English Poets, 1821, 21 vols. r. 8vo, and his life in Biog. 
 Brit., and Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Byrom, John. Assize serm., Rom. xiii. 1, 1681, 4to. 
 
 Byron, Miss. The English Woman; a Novel, 1805, 
 5 vols. Hours of Affluence, and Days of Indigence, 1809, 
 
 2 vols. The Modern Villa, and the Ancient Castle, 1810, 
 
 3 vols. 12mo. The Englishman, 181 1, 6 vols. 12mo. Bache- 
 
BYR 
 
 BIR 
 
 lot's Journal, inscribed (without permission) to the Girls 
 of England, 1814, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " An ingenious history of feelings and observations, displaying 
 some knowledge of human nature, and written in a creditable style, 
 yet having so little either of plot or story, that most readers will 
 wish the bachelor to have abridged his journal." ion. MonUily 
 Review, 1815. 
 
 Byron, Mrs. Anti-Delphine; a Novel, 1806, 2 vols. 
 12mo. Drelincourt and Rodalvi ; or Memoirs of two Noble 
 Families, 1807, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 "The title-page of this work seemed to threaten us with a tale 
 of horror, and the preface added to our fears. We were happy, 
 however, to find the author speedily indulging in a sportive rather 
 than a terrific humour; and to meet also some just reflections 
 arising naturally from the scenes portrayed by the fancy of the 
 writer." Lon. Monthly Rf.view, 1810. 
 
 The Borderers, 1812, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Byron, George Anson, Lord, successor to the suc 
 ceeding, and seventh Lord Byron. A Narrative of the 
 Voyage of his Majesty's Ship Blonde to the Sandwich Is 
 lands, in 1824, '25, 4to, with plates. 
 
 Byron, George Gordon, Lord, January 22, 1788- 
 April 19, 1824, was the only child of Captain John Byron 
 of the Guards, and Miss Catherine Gordon of Gight, in 
 Aberdeenshire. The celebrated Admiral Byron was grand 
 father to the subject of our memoir. 
 
 " It has been said of Lord Byron that he was prouder of being a 
 descendant of those Byrons who accompanied William the Con 
 queror into England, than of having been the author of Childe 
 Harold and Manfred." 
 
 The name of Ralph de Burun occurs in Doomsday -book 
 among the principal tenants of Nottinghamshire; and his 
 descendants, the Lords of Horestan Castle, held large pos 
 sessions in Derbyshire and Lancashire. The name of 
 Byron acquired fresh distinction at the siege of Calais un 
 der Edward III., and in the fields of Cressy, Bosworth, and 
 Marston Moor. In the reign of Henry VIII., on the dis 
 solution of the monasteries, the church and priory of New- 
 stead, with the lands adjoining, were by royal grant con 
 ferred upon "Sir John Byron the Little, with the great 
 beard." At the coronation of James I. his grandson was 
 made a Knight of the Bath, and in the year 1643, (temp. 
 Charles I.,) Sir John Byron, "great-grandson of him who 
 succeeded to the rich domains of Newstead," was created 
 Baron Byron of" Rochdale, in the county of Lancaster. 
 This honour was well deserved, for 
 
 " Sir John Biron, afterward Lord Biron, and all ,his brothers, 
 bred up in arms and valiant men in their own persons, were all 
 passionately the king's." Col. Hutchinsori 's Memoirs. 
 
 Col. Hutchinson was cousin-german to Sir Richard Bi 
 ron, and when the latter advised him to surrender his cas 
 tle, he returned an answer that 
 
 " Except he found his own heart prone to such treachery, he 
 mijrht consider there was. if nothing else, so much of a Biron's 
 blood in him, that he should very much scorn to betray or quit a 
 trust he had undertaken." 
 
 At the battle of Edgehill there were no less than seven 
 brothers of the Byron family on the field. William, third 
 Lord Byron, succeeded his father, Richard, second Lord 
 Byron, in 1679. About 1750 the shipwreck and sufferings 
 of the Hon. John (afterwards Admiral) Byron, second son 
 of William, fourth Lord Byron, excited the public attention 
 and sympathy. In 1765 the name was brought less credit 
 ably into notice, by the trial before the House of Peers, 
 of the fifth Lord Byron, for killing in a duel, or rather, 
 hasty quarrel, his relative, Mr. Chaworth. His lordship 
 was indicted for murder, and only saved from the penalty 
 attendant on manslaughter by pleading his peerage. He 
 passed the rest of his life in seclusion at Newstead Abbey, 
 dying in 1798, when the title and estates of the family were 
 inherited by the subject of our memoir. The admiral's 
 only son, John, became a captain of the Guard. He was 
 conspicuous as one of the handsomest and most dissipated 
 men of his time, and known familiarly as " Mad Jack By 
 ron." In his 27th year he was the cause of a divorce be 
 tween the Marquis and Marchioness of Carmarthen, and 
 married the lady himself. She survived their union but 
 two years. Their only child was a daughter, Augusta By 
 ron, afterwards the wife of Colonel Leigh. In the year 
 following the death of his first wife, Captain Byron mar 
 ried Miss Catherine Gordon, only child and heiress of 
 George Gordon, Esq., of Gight, in Aberdeenshire. The 
 marriage was one of "convenience" on the part of the 
 groom, and he soon found it convenient to sacrifice her 
 estate to the importunities of his creditors : within two 
 years Miss Gordon's very large property, (the estate alone 
 being sold for 17,850,) with the exception of a trifle, was 
 thus swallowed up. Mrs. Byron's acerbity of disposition 
 has become world-renowned, but we think that her bridal 
 experience should not be omitted when her character is to 
 be weighed. Even a, very amiable heiress may be pardoned 
 
 for a little discomposure of temper, when she finds that she 
 has fallen a prey to a profligate fortune-hunter, who re 
 duces her in a few years from a splendid establishment to 
 150 per annum ! With such an unpromising honeymoon, 
 we need not wonder that the union proved to be such only 
 in name, and in a short time even the name was sacrificed 
 to embittered passions, and "Mad Jack Byron" returned 
 to his bachelor life, only visiting the wretched woman 
 whom he almost beggared, for the purpose of extorting 
 more money from her scanty purse. At his last visit he 
 did not leave Aberdeen until he had succeeded in wringing 
 from her a sufficient sum to defray his expenses to Valen 
 ciennes, where in the year following, (1793,) to the relief 
 of his wife in particular, and human nature in general, he 
 terminated his most unprofitable existence. His widow 
 was violently affected at the news of his death, for she 
 never lost her affection for him; and when the young By 
 ron's nurse would meet the Captain in her walks, the de 
 serted and injured, but still loving, wife, would " inquire 
 with the tenderest anxiety as to his health and looks." 
 How common is it to blame this unfortunate woman as the 
 cause of the mental, if not the moral, obliquities of the 
 future poet; but is it not charitable to suppose that such a 
 melancholy reverse of fortune, effected too by such means, 
 so bitter a disappointment in the object of her affections, 
 who, too, was "unmanly enough to taunt her with the in 
 conveniences of that penury which his own extravagance 
 had occasioned," is it not charitable to suppose that health 
 of mind may have been impaired, where the heart had suf 
 fered so much? 
 
 We will make one concession to the modern apologists 
 for Lord Byron's character : bad as he was, he certainly 
 was a better man than his father. 
 
 In 1798 the fifth Lord Byron, his great-uncle, died with 
 out issue, and George, then ten years of age, succeeded to 
 the title and estates of his family. He was now placed 
 under the care of the Earl of Carlisle, who had married 
 the sister of the late Lord Byron. The young nobleman 
 was placed at Harrow School, where he was more distin 
 guished for his love of manly sports than for any devotion 
 to study. When 16 years of age he was one of a party 
 assembled at the Hall of Annesley, the residence of the 
 Chaworth family. Miss Chaworth was then eighteen, and 
 a young lady of rare loveliness. Young Byron saw and 
 loved. The affections of the lady were, however, already 
 engaged, and had it been otherwise, the youthful lover 
 seems to have had but a doubtful prospect of success. By 
 ron's admiration had been sufficiently obvious to its object, 
 and, it would appear, to others; for he was doomed to the 
 mortification of hearing her remark or being informed 
 of the speech by some good-natured friend "Do you think 
 I could care any thing for that lame boy?" This sarcasm 
 " was like a shot through his heart. Though late at night when 
 he heard it he instantly darted out of the house, and, scarcely 
 knowing whither he ran. never stopped till he found himself at 
 Newstead." Moore's Life of Byron. 
 
 It is a curious fact that neither Lord Byron nor his bio 
 grapher, Mr. Moore, seems to have been aware that Wil 
 liam, third Lord Byron, who (more successful than his 
 kinsman) married, some time before 1679, Elizabeth, 
 daughter of John, Lord Chaworth, was also a poet. See 
 Thomas Shipman's Carolina, or Loyal Poems, 1683, 8vo. 
 
 When between sixteen and seventeen, Byron was entered 
 of Trinity College, Cambridge, and here he wasted the 
 hours, which properly employed would have secured to 
 him a solid foundation of learning, in reckless profligacy. 
 He quitted college at nineteen, and took up his residence 
 at the family-seat of Newstead Abbey, and here he pre 
 pared for publication a number of his early productions, 
 under the title of Hours of Idleness ; A Series of Poems, 
 Original and Translated. By George Gordon, Lord Byron, 
 a Minor, 8vo, pp. 200, Newark, 1807. There was very 
 little in this collection to attract more than passing notice, 
 and notwithstanding some striking stanzas, it would, if 
 the author had written nothing else, have hardly survived 
 its year; but the Edinburgh Review thought a young lord 
 too good a mark to be despised, and they forthwith served 
 him up for the entertainment of a public who had learned 
 to relish their highly-spiced dishes. 
 
 " The poesy of this young lord belongs to the class which neither 
 gods nor men are said to permit. Indeed we do not recollect to have 
 seen a quantity of verse with so few deviations from that exact stand 
 ard. His effusions are spread over a dead flat, and can no more get 
 above or below the level, than if they were so much stagnant water. 
 As an extenuation of this offence, the noble author is peculiarly for 
 ward in pleading minority. . . He possibly means to say, ' See how a 
 minor can write ! This poem was actually composed by a young man 
 of eighteen, and this by one of only sixteen!' But, alas, we all re 
 member the poetry of Cowley at ten, and Pope at twelve ; and so far 
 from hearing, with any degree of surprise, that very poor 
 
BYR 
 
 BYR 
 
 were written by a youth from his leaving school to his leaving 
 college, inclusive, we really believe this to be the most common of 
 all occurrences; that it happens in the life of nine men in ten who 
 are educated in England; and that the tenth man writes better 
 verse than Lord Byron. . . . We counsel him that he do forthwith 
 abandon poetry, and turn his talents, which are considerable, and 
 his opportunities, which are great, to better account. . . . If then, 
 the following beginning of a ' Song of bards' is by his lordship, we 
 venture to object to it, as far as we can comprehend it. ' What 
 form rises on the roar of clouds, whose dark ghost gleams on the 
 red stream of tempests ? His voice rolls on the thunder ; 'tis Orla, 
 the brown chief of Oithona. He was,' &c. After detaining this 
 ' brown chief some time, the bards conclude by giving him their 
 advice to ' raise his fair locks;' then to ' spread them on the arch 
 of the rainbow ;' and ; to smile through the tears of the storm.' 
 Of this kind of thing there are no less than nine pages; and we 
 can so far venture an opinion in their favour, that they look very 
 like Macpherson ; and we are positive they are pretty nearly as 
 stupid and tiresome. ... As our author has dedicated so large a 
 part of his volume to immortalize his employments at school and 
 college, we cannot possibly dismiss it without presenting the reader 
 witha specimen of these ingenious effusions. In an ode with a 
 Greek motto, called Qranta, we have the following magnificent 
 stanzas: 
 
 ' There in apartments small and damp, 
 
 The candidate for college prizes 
 Sits poring by the midnight lamp, 
 Goes late to bed, yet early rises. 
 Who reads false quantities in Sele, 
 Or puzzles o'er the deep triangle; 
 Depriv'd of many a wholesome meal, 
 
 In barbarous Latin doom'd to wrangle. 
 Renouncing every pleasing page, 
 From authors of historic use ; 
 Preferring to the lettered sage 
 
 The square of the hypotenuse. 
 Still harmless are these occupations, 
 
 That hurt none but the hapless student, 
 Compared with other recreations, 
 Which bring together the imprudent.' 
 
 p. 123, 124, 125. 
 
 " We are sorry to hear so bad an account of the college psalmody 
 as is contained in the following Attic stanzas : 
 
 ' Our choir would scarcely be excus'd 
 Even as a band of raw beginners ; 
 All mercy now must be refus'd 
 
 To such a set of croaking sinners. 
 If David, when his toils were ended, 
 
 Had heard these blockheads sing before him, 
 To us his psalms had ne'er descended : 
 In furious mood he would have tore 'em.' 
 
 p. 126, 127. 
 
 "But whatever judgment may be passed on the poems of this 
 noble minor, it seems we must take them as we find them, and be 
 content ; for they are the last we shall ever have from him. . . . 
 ' It is highly improbable, from his situation and pursuits here 
 after,' that he should again condescend to become an author. 
 Therefore, let us take what we get, and be thankful. What right 
 have we poor devils to be nice ? We are well off to have got so 
 much from a man of this lord's station, who does not live in a 
 garret, but ' has the sway' of Newstead Abbey. Again, we say, let 
 us be thankful ; and, with honest Sancho, bid God bless the giver, 
 nor look the gift-horse in the mouth." JEdin, Rev., xi. 285. 
 
 Doubtless the Reviewer, having thus despatched and 
 quietly inurned his unhappy victim, presumed that the 
 world had heard the last of the author of the Hours of 
 Idleness, in the capacity of poet. The Edinburgh had so 
 long had its own way in the wholesale decapitation of au 
 thors, that the poor fellows had " become used to it," and 
 hardly ventured a respectful remonstrance. The critic was 
 mistaken in his man, however. Byron had no idea of tame 
 submission. He affected indifference, indeed : 
 
 "You have seen the Edinburgh Review, of course. I regret 
 Mrs. Byron is so much annoyed. For my own part, these ' paper 
 bullets of the brain' have only taught me to stand fire ; and as I 
 have been lucky enough upon the whole, my repose and appetite 
 are not discomposed." Letter to Mr. Beefier, March 28, 1808. 
 
 But his countenance was a more faithful index of what 
 was passing within : 
 
 " A friend, who found him in the first moments of excitement 
 after reading the article, inquired anxiously, whether he had just 
 received a challenge? not knowing how else to account for the fierce 
 defiance of his looks." 
 
 He afterwards acknowledged that he essayed to drown 
 his mortification in three bottles of claret after dinner, on 
 the day he perused this terrible critique. Nothing, he 
 said, relieved him 
 
 Till he had given vent to his indignation in rhyme, and ' after 
 the first twenty lines he felt himself considerably better.' " 
 
 It is an evidence of Mrs. Byron's affection for her son, 
 that she seems to have taken this matter as much to heart 
 as did the young author. 
 
 In March, 1809, appeared his response to the Edinburgh 
 critics, for such it was in fact, under the title of English 
 Bards and Scotch Reviewers. That this pungent satire 
 should have obtained immediate celebrity is no marvel. 
 Men have a natural taste for belligerent demonstrations, 
 and twenty will stop to see a combat, where one will pause 
 320 
 
 to see two friends shake hands. A fresh edition wag 
 called for within a few weeks. The authors, long a suffer 
 ing tribe, rejoiced in their new champion, delighted that 
 the reviewers had found a " foeman worthy of their steel," 
 whilst the public generally, who had before laughed at the 
 victims, were now equally well pleased to laugh at the exe 
 cutioners in the day of their discomfiture. The injustice 
 of many of the attacks in this famed satire was afterwards 
 acknowledged by the author himself. He calls it "a fero 
 cious rhapsody," and " a miserable record of misplaced 
 anger and indiscriminate acrimony." Jeffrey was attacked 
 with the greatest severity; but the author was mistaken 
 in ascribing the critique which displeased him to this quar 
 ter, Lord Brougham being really answerable for it. After 
 passing through four editions, his lordship suppressed his 
 satire. In 1809 he concluded to travel on the continent, 
 and left home accompanied by his friend and fellow-colle 
 gian, John Cam Hobhouse, who is still living, (1855.) Lord 
 Byron has given us a better idea of his peregrinations in 
 Greece, Turkey, <fcc., in the pages of Childe Harold's Pil 
 grimage, than any other pen can furnish. He returned 
 home in June, 1811, having been absent for two years. 
 Shortly after his reaching England, his mother was at 
 tacked by sickness, which proved fatal before he arrived 
 at Newstead. In 1812 appeared the first two cantos 
 of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage : they were eminently suc 
 cessful : 
 
 ; The effect was electric ; his fame had not to wait for any of the 
 ordinary gradations, but seemed to spring up, like the palace of a 
 fairy tale, in a night. As he himself briefly described it in his 
 Memoranda, ' I awoke one morning and found myself famous.' 
 The first edition of his work was disposed of instantly ; and as the 
 echoes of its reputation multiplied on all sides, ' Childe Harold,' 
 and ' Lord Byron' became the theme of every tongue." Moore's 
 Life of Byron. 
 
 The copyright money paid by Mr. Murray, 600, his 
 lordship presented to Mr. Dallas, saying that he never 
 would receive money for his writings, (see Dallas's Recol 
 lections,) " a resolution," remarks Mr. Moore, perhaps with 
 some allowable esprit du corps, " he afterward wisely aban 
 doned." 
 
 Mr. Murray paid at different times, for copyrights of his 
 lordship's poems, certainly over 15,000. A few days be 
 fore the publication of Childe Harold, he made his first 
 speech in the House of Lords, when he opposed the second 
 reading of the Framework Bill. His second speech was 
 in favour of Catholic Emancipation, and the third was on 
 the 2d of July, 1813, when he addressed the House on 
 presenting Major Cartwright's petition. His lordship was 
 not calculated the " applause of listening senates to com 
 mand," and did not care to occupy a position where he 
 could never hope to be first. On the 2d of January, 1815, 
 he was married to Miss Anne Isabella, only daughter of 
 Sir Ralph Millbanke, (since Noel,) baronet, who had about 
 a year previously declined his overtures. The 10,000 
 received with this lady were speedily dissipated, and pecu 
 niary embarrassment aggravated a want of congeniality, 
 which might have been anticipated from the first. Nor 
 did the birth of a daughter, Ada, afterwards Countess of 
 Lovelace, born December 10th, 1815, tend to produce per 
 manent harmony. Lady Byron returned home in January, 
 1816, with the avowed object of a temporary visit to her 
 family, but she did not see proper to again place herself 
 under his lordship's protection. Perhaps the true causes 
 of this alienation have never wholly transpired, but we 
 learn from her ladyship's explanation, that she had good 
 reason to suspect the sanity of her husband, and did not 
 deem herself justified in remaining under his roof. But, 
 on the other hand, her ladyship has not escaped censure. 
 That there was much affection on the part of the groom at 
 the time of the marriage, we may be allowed to doubt. 
 Shortly before his second proposal, he permitted a friend 
 to offer " his hand and heart" to another lady. She de 
 clined, as Miss M. had done. 
 
 "You see," said Lord Byron, "that Miss Millbanke is 
 to be the person." He wrote her a letter, repeating his 
 proposition. His friend read it: the language was good, 
 the periods well turned. It was worthy of insertion in 
 the next edition of The Complete Letter Writer. His 
 friend was a judge of fine writing; he commended it 
 warmly : 
 
 " This is really a very pretty letter ; it is a pity it should 
 not go !" " Then it shall go," replied his lordship. It 
 went : the lady had already satisfied the usual punctilio 
 J of her sex by saying "No;" she now satisfied herself by 
 saying " Yes." Is it not strange that even in this day of 
 increased light, there should be simple wooers so unso 
 phisticated as to take what is intended by the lady as the 
 
BYR 
 
 BYR 
 
 first step to a successful parley the matter-of-course "No," 
 fcr the conclusion of the treaty ? However, the evil will 
 work its own cure. For if men thus persist in thus under 
 standing responses literally, the courted will have to ac 
 commodate themselves to circumstances, and say that first 
 which they had intended to say last. 
 
 Lord Byron now left England with the avowed inten 
 tion of never again -seeing his native land. He sailed 
 from London for Ostend, April 25, 1816, proceeded to 
 Brussels, and visited the field of Waterloo ; then turned 
 his steps towards Coblentz, sailed up the Rhine to Basle 
 and passed through part of Switzerland to Geneva. There, 
 for the first time, he met with Mr. and Mrs. Shelley. 
 There was much congeniality in their tastes and disposi 
 tions, and a warm intimacy sprung up between them. 
 Both were distinguished for extraordinary poetical powers, 
 with an apparent incapacity for logical deduction, a morbid 
 passion for disgraceful notoriety, finding " their glory in 
 their shame," and, with an insane recklessness, contemn 
 ing the judgments of that Almighty Ruler, whose precepts 
 they set at naught. Both were men of superficial acquire 
 ments, and altogether without profundity of erudition. 
 Yet, shamefully ignorant of the records of the past, they 
 affected to doubt the authenticity of that inspired volume 
 whose evidences they had never probed, and permitted 
 their captious ignorance to quibble and contend where the 
 reverent learning of a Locke and a Newton believed and 
 adored. Yet even Byron was shocked by the profanity 
 of his friend, and seems to have had at times a "certain 
 fearful looking for a judgment to come," which forbade 
 entire security on the brink of ruin. Whilst at Diodati, 
 near Geneva, he wrote the third canto of Childe Harold's 
 Pilgrimage ; to this succeeded The Prisoner of Chillon, A 
 Dream, and other Poems. In October, 1816, he visited 
 Italy, and settled at Venice in November. Of his course 
 of life whilst in this city, we have no disposition to enter 
 into the particulars. It is no pleasant thing to linger over 
 such sad details. Mr. Moore has increased the public 
 censure, before richly merited by some of his own effu 
 sions, by the additional sin of apologizing for the shame 
 ful conduct of his friend and brother poet. For this 
 reason, and others, an expurgated edition of Moore's Life 
 of Byron is as necessary for the parlour table, as an ex 
 purgated edition of his lordship's poems. In 1817 ap 
 peared Manfred, a Tragedy, and The Lament of Tasso. 
 In the next year he published the fourth and last canto 
 of Childe Harold, which tended to keep alive the interest 
 felt in the personal experience of the poet. Beppo ap 
 peared in the same year, and in the next, (1819,) the tale 
 of Mazeppa, and the first part of Don Juan were given to 
 the public. At an evening party, given by the Countess 
 Benzoni, he became acquainted with the Countess Guic- 
 cioli. Teresa Gamba, the daughter of a Romagnese noble 
 man, had recently been emancipated from the restraints 
 of a convent, and became the wife of a widower in ad 
 vanced life, who in his younger days had been distin 
 guished as the friend of Alfieri, and in his old age was as 
 much courted for his wealth. At the time of this ill-as 
 sorted union, Teresa was only eighteen, very beautiful, 
 and, as appears by the sequel, equally indiscreet. The 
 story of the first evening of their acquaintance can be best 
 told by herself: 
 
 " I became acquainted with Lord Byron in the spring of 1819 : 
 he was introduced to me at Venice, by the Countess Benzoni, 
 at one of that lady's parties. This introduction, which had so 
 much influence over the lives of us both, took place contrary to 
 our wishes, and had been permitted by us only from courtesy. 
 For myself, more fatigued than usual that evening on account of 
 the late hours they keep at Venice, I went with great repugnance 
 to this party, and purely in obedience to Count Guiccioli. Lord 
 Byron, too, who was averse to forming new acquaintances alleg 
 ing that h had entirely renounced all attachments, and was un 
 willing any more to expose himself to their consequences on 
 being requested by the Countess Benzoni to allow himself to be 
 presented to me, refused, and, at last, only assented from a desire 
 to oblige her. His noble and exquisitely beautiful countenance, 
 the tone of his voice, his manners, the thousand enchantments 
 that surrounded him, rendered him so different and so superior a 
 being to any whom I had hitherto seen, that it was impossible he 
 should not have left the most profound impression on me. From 
 that evening, during the whole of my subsequent stay at Venice, 
 we met every day." 
 
 We need only dwell upon this unhappy story long 
 enough to remark, that when Count Guiccioli was, for po 
 litical reasons, banished from the Tuscan States, and em 
 barked for Genoa, his wife remained under Lord Byron's 
 protection. An application to the Pope severed the legal 
 tie which still bound her to her husband. 
 
 In December, 1819, he left Venice, and after visiting 
 some of the Italian dominions of Austria, took up his 
 
 residence at Ravenna, and subsequently at Pisa. In 1820 
 he published Marino Faliero, Doge of Venice, intended to 
 illustrate the theory of the dramatic unities. Upon thia 
 vexed question we shall hardly be expected to enter. In 
 1821 he published his celebrated epistle to the Rev. Wil 
 liam Lisle Bowles, entitled, A Letter to the Author of 
 Strictures on the Life and Writings of Pope. In the same 
 year appeared The Two Foscari, a Tragedy; Sardanapalus, 
 a Tragedy ; and Cain, a Mystery. Perhaps this last is the 
 most shocking exhibition of folly and skepticism of which 
 the author was ever guilty. What folly can be greater 
 than that which arraigns the decrees of infinite wisdom, 
 because unfathomable by man's limited capacities ? 
 
 In the year following, Byron and Shelley par nobile 
 fratmm in conjunction with Mr. Leigh Hunt, com 
 menced the publication of The Liberal, a periodical which 
 was discontinued after the 4th number, owing to the death 
 of Shelley, who was drowned by the upsetting of a plea 
 sure-boat in the Mediterranean. Thus perished one of 
 the most truly original poets that England has ever seen. 
 Had his judgment been equal to his genius, and his pas 
 sions under proper control, he would have proved a bene 
 factor instead of an injury to his race. 
 
 In the Liberal first appeared The Vision of Judgment, 
 (elicited by a work with the same title by Southey,) which 
 subjected the publisher to a prosecution, and a fine of 100. 
 Heaven and Earth, a Mystery, was presented to the public 
 through the same channel. To these latter compositions 
 of his lordship, we have to add the concluding cantos of 
 Don Juan, Werner, a Tragedy, and the Deformed Trans 
 formed. 
 
 In September, 1822, he quitted Pisa, and passed the 
 winter at Genoa. About this time he received an invita 
 tion from the London Committee of Philhellenes, through 
 Mr. Blaquiere, to aid in the deliverance of Greece from 
 the Mohammedan thraldom under which it suffered. 
 As this subject had already enlisted the sympathies of a 
 poet who had long loved Greece for the past, and mourned 
 over her present degradation, the invitation was cordially 
 welcomed : 
 
 " I cannot express to you how much I feel interested in the 
 cause, and nothing but the hopes I entertained of witnessing the 
 liberation of Italy itself, prevented me long ago from returning to 
 do what I could, as an individual, in that land which it is an 
 honour even to have visited." Letter to Mr. Blaquiere, Albaro, 
 April 5, 1823. 
 
 On the 14th of July, 1823, he hired an English vessel, 
 and with a few followers sailed from Genoa for Cephalonia, 
 which he reached at the commencement of the third cam 
 paign. Finding from his friends, Trelawney and Browne, 
 that Missolonghi was in a state of blockade, he advanced 
 400,000 piastres (about 12,000) for the relief of the be 
 sieged city. On the 5th of January, 1824, he arrived at 
 Missolonghi, and attempted to raise a force with which to 
 attack Lepanto. He took 500 Suliotes into his pay, but 
 his expedition was delayed by the disorderly and unsettled 
 temper of his troops. Those whom he would gladly have 
 aided could not agree among themselves, and discordant 
 confusion reigned in their councils. Disappointed and 
 chagrined, his constitution gave way, and on the 15th of 
 February he was attacked by a severe fit of epilepsy. En 
 treaties were unsuccessfully urged to induce him to remove 
 to the healthier climate of Zante : " I cannot," he writes 
 to a friend, " quit Greece while there is a chance of my 
 being even of (supposed) utility. There is a stake worth 
 millions such as I am, and while I can stand at all, I must 
 stand by the cause." Four times within a month the at 
 tack was repeated, yet he recovered. But on the 9th of 
 April, being caught in a shower while taking his ride on 
 horseback, a rheumatic fever, accompanied with inflamma 
 tion of the brain, seized him. This occurred on the 12th 
 inst., and on the 19th he breathed his last. The account 
 of his last moments, as given by Major Parry, Dr. Mil- 
 linger, and his faithful servant Fletcher, is deeply inte 
 resting. He had been charging Fletcher, in the weakness 
 of expiring nature, to carry messages to his sister, to 
 Lady Byron, and others, and 
 
 " He then said, ' Now I have told you all.' ' My lord,' replied 
 Fletcher, ' I have not understood a word your lordship has been 
 saying.' 'Not understand me?' exclaimed Lord Byron, with a 
 look of the utmost distress, 'What a pity ! then it is too late; 
 all is over !' ' I hope not,' answered Fletcher, ' but the Lord's will 
 be done. ' Yes, not mine,' said Byron. He then tried to utter a 
 few words, of which none were intelligible, except ' My sister iny 
 child ! He spoke also of Greece, saying, ' I have given her my 
 ime, my means, my health and now I give her my life! what 
 could I do more ?' . . . It was about six o'clock on the evening of 
 this day, when he said, ' Now I shall go to sleep;' and then, turn 
 ing round, he fell into that slumber from which he never awoke." 
 Moore's Life of Byron. 
 
BYR 
 
 BYR 
 
 An American gentleman, who spent some days with 
 Lord Byron in February, 1824, two months before his de 
 cease, has published a very interesting account of their 
 conversations. We give a brief extract : 
 
 " I found the poet in a weak, and rather irritable, state, but he 
 treated me with the utmost kindness. Ue said that at the time 
 I first called upon him, all strangers, and most of his friends, were 
 excluded from his room. ' But,' said he, ' had I known an Ameri 
 can was at the door, you should not have been denied. 1 love 
 your country, sir; it is the land of liberty; the only portion of 
 God's green earth not desecrated by tyranny.' ... In a few days 
 after I left him, I received another note from him, requesting me 
 to call, and bring with me IRVINO'S SKETCH BOOK. I took it in 
 my hand, and went once more to the illustrious author's residence. 
 He rose from his couch when I entered, and, pressing my hand 
 warmly, said, ' Have you brought the Sketch Book ?' I handed it 
 to him, when, seizing it with enthusiasm, he turned to the 
 ' Broken Heart.' ' That,' said he, ' is one of the finest things ever 
 written on earth, and I want to hear an American read it. But 
 stay ! do you know Irving ?' I replied that I had never seen him. 
 'God bless him!' exclaimed Byron; ' he is a genius ; and he has 
 something better than genius a heart. I wish I could see him, 
 but I fear I never shalL Well, read the " Broken Heart" yes, 
 the " Broken Heart." What a word !' 
 
 " In closing the first paragraph, I said, ' Shall I confess it ? I 
 believe in broken hearts.' ' Yes,' exclaimed Byron, 'and so do I, 
 and so does everybody but philosophers and fools.' While I was 
 reading one of the most touching portions of that mournful piece, 
 I observed that Byron wept. He turned his eyes upon me, and 
 said, ' You see me weep, sir. Irving himself never wrote that story 
 without weeping ; nor can I hear it without tears. I have not 
 wept much in this world, lor trouble never brings tears to my 
 eyes ; but I always have tears for the " Broken Heart." ' When 
 I read the last line of Moore's verses at the close of the piece, 
 Byron said, ' What a being that Torn Moore is, and Irving, and 
 Emmet and his beautiful love! What beings all! Sir, how 
 many such men as Washington Irving are there in America? 
 God don't send many such spirits into this world. I want to go 
 to America for five reasons. I want to see Irving ; I want to see 
 your stupendous scenery; I want to see Washington's grave; I 
 want to see the classic form of living freedom, and I want to get 
 your government to recognise Greece as an independent nation. 
 Poor Greece !' 
 
 " These were the last days of Byron ; and I hall always consi 
 der myself happy that I was permitted 'SO often to be with him." 
 The personal appearance of Lord Byron is so well 
 known through the medium of the portraits prefixed to 
 his poems, that any description seems superfluous, and 
 must necessarily be very unsatisfactory. 
 
 "Many pictures have been painted of him," says a fair 
 critic of his features, " with various success ; but the ex 
 cessive beauty of his lips escaped every painter and sculp 
 tor. In their ceaseless play they represented every emo 
 tion, whether pale with anger, curled in disdain, smiling 
 in triumph, or dimpled with archness and love." 
 
 His eyes were light, and very expressive, his <head re 
 markably small, the forehead high, -and set oif to great 
 advantage by his glossy, dark-brown curls. His teeth 
 were white and regular, his nose, though handsomely, 
 rather thickly, shaped, and his complexion colourless. 
 His hands were white, and -aristocratically small. In 
 height he was five feet eight inches and a half. The lame 
 ness of his right foot, so constant a subject of mortifica 
 tion to him, was in reality so slight, that Mr. Moore tells 
 us he had no little difficulty in deciding, amidst the con 
 flicting testimony of friends, which foot it was that was 
 so affected. 
 
 It will now be proper to quote some opinions upon the 
 works of an author, who, whether commended or censured, 
 will always occupy a distinguished rank in the records of 
 English literature : 
 
 " If the finest poetry be that which leaves the deepest impres 
 sion on the minds of its readers and this is not the worst test of 
 its excellence Lord Byron, we think, must be allowed to take 
 precedence of all his distinguished contemporaries. He has not 
 the variety of Scott nor the delicacy of Campbell nor the abso 
 lute truth of Crabbe nor the sparkling polish of Moore ; but in 
 force of diction, and unextinguishable energy of sentiment, he 
 clearly surpasses them all. ' Words that breathe, and thoughts 
 that burn are not merely the ornaments, but the common staple 
 of his poetry ; and he is not inspired or impressive only in some 
 happy passages, but through the whole body and tissue ol his 
 composition. . He delights too exclusively in the delineation 
 of a certain morbid exaltation of character and of feeling.-a sort 
 of demoniacal sublimity not without some traits of the ruined 
 archangel. He is haunted almost pei-petually with the imaire of 
 a being feeding and fed upon by violent passions, and the recol 
 lections of the catastrophes they have occasioned Such is 
 the person with whom we are called upon almost exclusively to 
 sympathize in all the greater productions of this distinguished 
 writer: In Childe Harold, in the Corsair, in Lara in the Sip^e of 
 Corinth in Parisina and in most of the smaUer pieces It is im 
 possible to represent such a character better than Lord Bvron has 
 done in all these productions, or, indeed, any thing more terrible 
 in its anger, or more attractive in its relenting. In point of effect 
 we readily admit that no one- character can be more poetic-il or 
 more impressive : But it is really too much to find the scene per 
 petually filled by one character not only in all the acts but in 
 all the different pieces ; and, grand and impressive as it is we 
 
 feel at last that these very qualities make some relief more indis 
 pensable, and oppress the spirits of ordinary mortals with too 
 deep an impression of awe and repulsion. There is too much 
 guilt, in short, and too much gloom, in the leading character; 
 and, though it be a fine thing to gaze, now and then, on stormy 
 seas and thunder-shaken mountains, we should prefer passing our 
 days in sheltered valleys, and by the murmur of calm waters. . . . 
 We certainly have no hope of preaching him into philanthropy 
 and cheerfulness ; but it is impossible not to mourn over such a 
 catastrophe of such a mind, or to see the prodigal gifts of Nature, 
 Fortune, and Fame thus turned to bitterness, without an oppres 
 sive feeling of impatience, mortification, and surprise." LORD JEF 
 FREY : Edin. Review, xxvii. 277. Read this elaborate article, in 
 which the merits and demerits of Byron's different poems are re 
 viewed at length. 
 
 " The Third Canto of Childe Harold exhibits, in all its strength, 
 and in all its peculiarity, the wild, powerful, and original vein of 
 poetry, which, in the preceding cantos, first fixed the public atten 
 tion upon the author. If there is any difference, the former seem 
 to us to have been rather more sedulously corrected and revised 
 for publication, and the present work to have been dashed from the 
 author's pen with less regard to the subordinate points of expres 
 sion and versification. Yet such is the deep and powerful strain 
 of passion, such the original tone and colouring of description, 
 that the want of polish in some of its minute points rather adds 
 to, than deprives, the poem of its energy." Lon. Quarterly lie- 
 view, xvi. 172. 
 
 " I agree very much in what you say of Childe Harold. Though 
 there is something provoking and insulting to morality and to 
 feeling in his misanthropical ennui, it gives nevertheless an odd 
 piquancy to his descriptions and reflections. This is upon the 
 whole a piece of most extraordinary power, and may rank its au 
 thor with our first poets. I see the Edinburgh Review has hauled 
 its wind." Sir Walter Scott to Air. Morritt. May 12, 1812. 
 
 " My intrusion concerns a large debt of gratitude due to your 
 lordship. . . . The first count, as our technical language expresses 
 it, relates to the high pleasure I have received from The Pilgrim 
 age of Childe Harold, and from its precursors ; the former, with 
 all its classical associations, some of which are lost on so poor a 
 scholar as I am, possesses the additional charm of vivid and ani 
 mated description, mingled with original sentiment. ... I hope 
 your lordship intends to give us more of Childe Harold. I was 
 delighted that my friend Jeffrey for such, in spite of many a 
 feud, literary and political, I always esteem him has made so 
 handsomely the amende, honorable for not having discovered in the 
 ] bud the merits of the flower ; and I am happy to understand that 
 the retraction so handsomely made was received with equal libe 
 rality.''^^ Walter Scott to Lord Byron, July 3 and 16, 1812. 
 
 Sir Walter gives an interesting account of his first in 
 troduction to Lord Byron, which occurred in the spring of 
 1815: 
 
 " I found Lord Byron in the highest degree courteous, and even 
 kind. We met for an hour or two almost daily in Mr. Murray's 
 1 drawing-room, and found a great deal to say to each other. . . . 
 His reading did not seem to me to have been very extensive, 
 either in poetry or history. Having the advantage of him in that 
 respect, and possessing a good competent share of such reading as 
 is little read, I was sometimes able to put under his eye objects 
 which -had for him the interest of novelty." See Lockhart's Life 
 of Scott. 
 
 " Never had any writer so vast a command of the whole eloquence 
 of scorn, misanthropy, and despair. That Marah was never dry. 
 No art could sweeten, no draughts could exhaust, its perennial 
 waters of bitterness. Never was there such variety in monotony 
 as that of Byron. From maniac laughter to piercing lamentation, 
 there was not a single note of human anguish of which he was not 
 master. Year after year, and month after month, he continued to 
 repeat that to be wretched is the destiny of all ; that to be emi 
 nently wretched is the destiny of the eminent ; that all the desires 
 by which we are cursed lead alike to misery ; if they are not grati 
 fied, to the misery of disappointment; if they are gratified, to the 
 misery of satiety. His principal heroes are men who have arrived 
 by different roads at the same goal of despair, who are sick of life, 
 who are at war with society ; who are supported in their anguish 
 only by an unquenchable pride, resembling that of Prometheus on 
 the rock, or of Satan in the burning marl; who can master their 
 agonies by the force of their will, and who, to the last, defy the 
 whole power of earth and heaven. He always described himself 
 as a man of the same kind with his favourite creations, as a man 
 whose heart had been withered, whose capacity for happiness was 
 gone, and could not be restored; but whose invincible spirit dared 
 the worst that could befall him here or hereafter. . . . Among that 
 large class of young persons whose reading is almost confined 
 to works of imagination, the popularity of Lord Byron was un 
 bounded. They bought pictures of him, they treasured up the 
 smallest relics of him ; they learned his poems by heart, and did 
 their best to write like him, to look like him. Many of them prao- 
 ! tised at the glass, in the hope of catching the curl of the upper 
 j lip, and the scowl of the brow, which appear in some of his por 
 traits. A few discarded their neckcloths in imitation of their 
 great leader. For some years, the Minerva press sent forth no 
 novel without a mysterious, unhappy, Lara-like Peer. The num 
 ber of hopeful undergraduates and medical students who became 
 things of dark imaginings, on whom the freshness of the heart 
 ceased to tall like dew, whose passions had consumed themselves 
 to dust, and to whom the relief of tears was denied, passes all cal- 
 i culation. This was not the worst. There was created in the minds 
 I of many of these enthusiasts, a pernicious and absurd association 
 ! between intellectual power and moral depravity. From the poetry 
 of Lord Byron they drew up a system of ethics, compounded or 
 I misanthropy and voluptuousness: a system in which the two 
 ! great commandments were to hate your neighbour and to love your 
 neighbour's wife." LORD MACAULAY : Klin. Review, June, 1831 ; 
 and in his Crit. and Histor. Essays, 1854, i. 345, 347, 348. 
 
 See also Recollections of Lord Byron, by R. C. Dallas, 
 
BYR 
 
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 1824 ; Conversations of Lord Byron, by Thomas Medwin, 
 1824; The Last Days of Lord Byron, by Major Wm. Parry; 
 Lord Byron and some of his Contemporaries, by Leigh 
 Hunt, 1828 ; Conversations on Religion with Lord Byron 
 and others, by James Kennedy, M.D., 1830 ; Conversations 
 with Lord Byron by Lady Blessington, 1836 ; Life of Byron 
 by John Gait, 1837 ; Life of Lord Byron by Armstrong, 
 1846 ; Recollections of the Last Days of Byron and Shelley, j 
 by E. J. Trelawney, 1858; Shelley's Julian and Maddolo; i 
 Moir's Sketches of the Poet. Lit. of the Past Half-Century, | 
 1851; Alison's Hist, of Europe, 1815-1852, chap. v. ; 
 Newstead Abbey, in Washington Irving's Crayon Mis 
 cellanies; Lon. Quar. Rev., vols. vii., x., xi., xix., xxvii., 
 xxxvii. ; articles by Lord Jeffrey in Edin. Rev., vols. ix., i 
 xix., xxi., xxiii., xxvii., xxviii., xxix., xxxv., xxxvi., j 
 xxxviii. ; articles in North Amer. Rev., vols. v., (W. Phil- ' 
 lips,) xiii. 227, (John Everett,) xiii. 450, (Wm. H. Pres- 
 cott,) xx., (A.H.Everett,) xxi., (A. Norton,) xxxi., xxxvi., 
 (both by W. B. 0. Peabody,) Ix., (E. P. Whipple;) Index 
 to Blackw. Mag., 1855, vols. i.-l. ; Poole's Index to Period. 
 Lit., 1853, 60-61. 
 
 Lord Byron presented Mr. Moore with his autobio 
 graphy, and Mr. M. sold the MS. to John Murray for 2000 
 guineas. Lord Byron's family, after his decease, expressed 
 some unwillingness to have the MS. published. Mr. Moore, 
 with a delicacy worthy of the highest praise, destroyed the 
 papers, and returned Mr. Murray the 2000 guineas pur 
 chase-money, with interest. An offer to reimburse the large 
 sum thus cheerfully sacrificed was positively refused by Mr. 
 Moore. From specimens of this autobiography quoted to 
 us by Washington Irving, who inspected the MS., we are 
 perfectly satisfied with the disposition made of the original. 
 Two of our countrymen Mr. George Ticknor, author of 
 The History of Spanish Literature, and Mr. Edward 
 Everett, late minister of the United States of America at 
 the Court of St. James have favoured us with their MS. 
 Recollections of Lord Byron. Mr. Ticknor writes us, 
 (July 22, 1858, "from memoranda made at the time,") 
 
 " I became acquainted with Lord Byron in June, 1815, through 
 the kindness of Mr. Gifford, editor of the Quarterly Review, who 
 had a personal regard for the great poet, and to whom alone, as 
 Lord Byron more than once told me, he supposed himself to be in 
 debted for the kindness shown him in that eminently Tory journal. 
 Lord Byron was then living in a large and fine house in Piccadilly. 
 I saw him there only a few times four in all during the ten days 
 I was in London after I became acquainted with him ; besides 
 which, however, I met him once in Murray's room in Albemarle 
 St., and once passed an evening with him, Lady Byron, and Sir 
 Ralph and Lady Noel, in his private box in Drury Lane Theatre, to 
 see Kean in ' Rule a Wife,' Lord Byron being then one of the 
 managing-committee of that theatre and an admirer of Kean. 
 The whole of such an acquaintance was necessarily not much, and 
 could give only the most superficial view even of his manners. 
 
 "Each time that I saw him at home, Lady Byron was with him, 
 or came into the room while I was there. On these occasions, as 
 well as at the theatre, his manners towards her were very natural | 
 and simple, and those of a happy man. He had then been married j 
 about six months, and was separated from her about six months I 
 afterwards, under circumstances still imperfectly explained to the j 
 public, but which were known at the time to Dr. Lushington. His j 
 remarkable letter, published at the end of Moore's life, when taken ' 
 in connection with the pure and elevated character of the eminent j 
 magistrate who wrote it to express his deliberate judgment on ! 
 the whole affair, can leave no reasonable doubt that the separation | 
 was made from causes very discreditable to Lord Byron. 
 
 " The first time I saw him, I was struck with his movements as i 
 he came into the room where I was waiting for him. There was a 
 screen before the door, so that I could not immediately see liim ; 
 but the sound that came from behind it was as if two or three 
 people were entering together. He advanced towards me rapidly, 
 with his person bent forward, owing, I supposed, to the malcon- 
 formation of his lower limbs, for I noticed the same thing on other 
 occasions. Soon after he sat down he took up one of hia feet 
 which were nicely laced in Wellington boots, and had fashionable 
 white drill pantaloons drawn down over them tight and low and 
 patted and petted it, as I thought, to see whether I took any espe 
 cial notice of it. I was careful not to do so. I had been warned. 
 But, except in these trifles, I never saw any thing in his manner 
 that was probably the result of his deformity. In all the upper 
 part of his person he was very handsome, round, and full; but his 
 complexion was sallow and pale. His general air was perfectly 
 easy and natural. The tones of his voice were low and conciliating. 
 
 " He talked a good deal about America, and was curious on the 
 subject of our universities and literature, inquiring particularly 
 whether we looked upon Barlow as our Homer. Of his own ' Eng 
 lish Bards and Scotch Reviewers,' which was then suppressed in 
 England, he said that he wrote it when he was very young and 
 very angry, adding that those were the only circumstances under 
 which a man would write such a satire. Since he had come back 
 to England, he said that Lord Holland, who had been very kind to 
 him, and Rogers, who had become his friend, had asked him not 
 to continue to reprint it, and so he had suppressed it. Indeed, he 
 went on, he had become of late acquainted with nearly all the 
 persons he had satirized, and had a hearty liking for them, espe 
 cially as they did not refuse to know a person who had so much 
 abused them. He had no longer any quarrel with any of them ! 
 except Lord Carlisle ; and, as that was a family difference, he said 
 he supposed it would never be settled. On every account, there- J 
 
 fore, he expressed himself as glad that the book was out of print ; 
 and yet he showed no regret when I told him that it was freely 
 circulated in the United States. His poems published during his 
 minority he said he had suppressed because they were not worth 
 reading; and he wondered that our booksellers should reprint them. 
 
 " While he was talking in this way, Sir James Bland Burges a 
 fourth or fifth rate poet who wrote ' The Exodiad' with Cumber 
 land, and a part of whose Epick on Richard the Lion-Hearted 
 Lord Byron, in his ' Hints from Horace,' says he found at Malta 
 lining a trunk came suddenly into the room, and said, abruptly, 
 'My lord! my lord! a great battle has been fought in the Low 
 Countries, and Bonaparte is entirely defeated.' ' But is it true ?' 
 said Lord Byron ; ' is it true?' ' Yes, my lord, it is certainly true. 
 An aid-de-camp arrived in town last night : he has been in Down 
 ing Street this morning, and I have just seen him, as he was going 
 to Lady Wellington's. He says he thinks Bonaparte is now in full 
 retreat towards Paris.' After an instant's pause, Lord Byron re 
 plied, ' I am d d sorry for it.' And then, after another slight 
 pause, he added, 'I didn't know but I might live to see Lord 
 Castlereagh's head on a pole ; but I suppose I sha'n't now.' And 
 this was the first impression produced on his impetuous and ill- 
 governed nature by the news of the battle of Waterloo. Two days 
 afterwards I met him at Murray's Rooms, where he received very 
 good-humouredly the satirical congratulations of Gifford and some 
 other of his Tory friends on the great victory ; but he did not dis 
 guise his feelings or opinions about it, and would not admit that 
 the emperor's case was desperate even then. I was much surprised 
 at all this, though less than I should have been if I had not already 
 heard similar feelings about the whole war of the Hundred Days 
 with Bonaparte expressed by leading Whigs, such as the excellent 
 Mr. Roscoe at Liverpool, who of course spoke more wisely and 
 mildly on the siibject, and by Dr. Parr, at Hatton, who was almost 
 as extravagant as Lord Byron. 
 
 " A day or two afterwards he sent me a copy of all his works, 
 with letters of introduction for Greece and Turkey, adding to the 
 one for AH Pacha a curious pistol, which I subsequently returned, 
 as I went to Spain instead of Greece. Two of the letters I still 
 possess ; and I have just observed, by a comparison with notes 
 that I received from Lady Byron twenty years later, that one of 
 them, which is in very nicely-turned French, is in her handwriting. 
 
 " On another occasion Lord Byron talked to me of a plan he had 
 once entertained of establishing himself in Greece ; and twice he 
 expressed to me his purpose of visiting the United States, saying 
 the first time that he had never envied any men more than he did 
 Lewis and Clarke when he read the account of their travels, and 
 that he had ever since felt the greatest desire to see our Indians. 
 The ' English Bards,' to which he recurred again, he told me he 
 wrote at his place in the country the winter before he went to 
 Greece, at a time when there was a heavy fall of snow on the 
 ground ; and he kept house for a month, during which time he 
 never saw the light of day, rising in the evening after dark, and 
 going to bed in the morning before dawn. 'The Corsair' he said 
 he wrote in eleven days and copied for the press on the twelfth, 
 adding that whenever he undertook any thing he found it neces 
 sary to give himself wholly to it. For this reason he supposed he 
 could never complete Childe Harold, which he began at Yanina 
 and broke off at Smyrna. It was so long since he had laid it aside 
 that he should not, he believed, ever be able to resume it. 
 
 " An American copy of his works, in two small and very shabby 
 volumes, printed, I think, at Philadelphia, gave him evident plea 
 sure. He was glad, he said, to see it in so cheap a form that every 
 body could buy it. It was in boards ; and he said he should keep 
 it so, preferring to have it just as it came from America. In this 
 and in other ways he showed that he valued his American reputa 
 tion, of which he was then just beginning to be aware. 
 
 ' ; Above two years after this, in October, 1817, as I was passing 
 from Venice to Ferrara, I stopped at Mira on the Brenta, the Mira 
 of Dante's Purgatorio, where Lord Byron was then living. It was 
 eleven o'clock in the forenoon; but he was not up. Fletcher, his 
 body-servant, however, remembered me, and, after taking my card 
 to him, showed me into a room nicely furnished in the English 
 fashion, where I found Mr. Hobhouse (now Lord Broughton) hard 
 at work with learned-looking books, and had some very agreeable 
 talk with him till Lord Byron came down. Contrary to my ex 
 pectation, he showed no marks of the wild and reckless life he had 
 led since I saw him in London. His countenance was just as fair, 
 smooth, and round as ever. His conversation, however, I thought 
 a little different. Its tone seemed to me to be more lively, various, 
 and decided. As I had been a good deal in Germany, he asked me 
 if I had seen Goethe ; and, finding that I had, he put to me many 
 questions about him. He told me that Mr. M. G. Lewis had made 
 him an extemporaneous translation of Faust, reading it to him from 
 German into English, which accounted to me for a certain resem 
 blance in parts of Manfred to that remarkable poem, which had 
 not then been translated into English and which I was aware he 
 could not read in the original. He was curious, too, to know about 
 Goethe's personal enemies, whose number he had understood to be 
 considerable ; and when I gave him an account of a very severe 
 article on Goethe in the Edinburgh Review, which, to his great 
 annoyance, had been translated and published under his nose at 
 Jena by Oken, Lord Byron showed at first an amusing, eagerness 
 to hear all about it, but then, seeming to check himself, said as if 
 half in earnest though still laughing, 'And yet I don't know what 
 sympathy I can have with Goethe except that of an injured 
 author. And this, I think, was the exact truth ; for he left on mv 
 mind that morning no doubt that he felt himself to be under 
 valued as a poet in England. 
 
 "Both he and Mr. Hobhouse spoke with great satisfaction of 
 their residence in Italy, Lord Byron, to my surprise, placing its 
 attractions much higher than those of Greece. It will be remem 
 bered that he had then written, but had not printed, the fourth 
 canto of Childe Harold: and Mr. Hobhouse, I have always sup 
 posed, was, when I entered the parlour at Mira, at work on the 
 notes to it, which he published soon afterwards." 
 
 Mr. Everett writes us, (August 3, 1858,) 
 
 " Having at a very early age begun to feel a great interest in 
 
BYR 
 
 BYW 
 
 modern Greece, that feeling was raised to enthusiasm by the two 
 first cantos of Childe Harold, which appeared the year after I left 
 college. Determined to visit Greece myself, I felt on that account 
 especially desirous, on my arrival in London in the spring of 1815, 
 of making the acquaintance of Lord Byron. I was offered an in 
 troduction to him by more than one friend, particularly by Richard 
 Sharpe, Esq., better known in society as ' Conversation Sharpe.' 
 Delays, however, took place, and my youthful impatience led me 
 somewhat to overstep the bounds of strict propriety. I addressed 
 a note to Lord Byron, sending with it a copy of a poetical trifle 
 privately printed by me some time before, in which he was men 
 tioned, and asking the honor of his acquaintance. I received a 
 most obliging answer from him the next day, accompanied with a ; 
 set of his poems in four volumes, (rendered doubly valuable by 
 marginal corrections in his handwriting,) and appointing an hour 
 when he would see me. His reception of me was most cordial. 
 Intercourse between the two countries was just reopened after the 
 war of 1812-1814, and I was the first person from the United States 
 whose acquaintance he had made. He expressed high satisfaction 
 at the account I gave him of his transatlantic fame. Our con 
 versation was principally on the state of education and literature 
 in this country, and on Greece, to which he said he was so much 
 attached that but for family considerations he should be disposed 
 to pass his life there. He offered me, without solicitation on my 
 part, loiters to his friends there, and, among them, to Ali Pacha of 
 Albania. 
 
 " The state of public affairs was then very critical. Napoleon, 
 recently escaped from Elba, was advancing rapidly to meet the 
 Prussian and English armies in Belgium. The probable result of 
 the impending conflict was discussed with warmth by Lord Byron. 
 ' Napoleon,' said he, ' will at first, no doubt, drive the Duke of Wel 
 lington. That I shall be sorry for: I don't want to have my 
 countrymen beaten. But I will tell you what I do want. I want 
 to see Lord Castlereagh's head carried on a pike beneath that 
 window.' This feeling, violent as it is, seems to have been pretty 
 deliberately cherished by Lord Byron. It is expressed in his con 
 versation with Mr. Ticknor a few days later, after the battle of 
 Waterloo had been fought ; and in a letter to Moore written a day 
 or two before I saw Lord B. he says, ' Of politics we have nothing 
 but the yell for war ; and Castlereagh is preparing his head for 
 the pike, on which we shall see it carried before he has done.' 
 
 " Lord Byron at this time in the enjoyment of his reputation as 
 the chief of the modern British Parnassus had laid aside entirely 
 the misanthropic tone and eccentric manners with which he re 
 turned from the East. He was a great favorite in society, and 
 happy, to all appearance, at home. He had also formed friendly 
 relations with many of those whom he had attacked most fiercely 
 in ' English Bards and Scotch Reviewers.' Mr. Rogers gave me an 
 amusing account of the commencement of his acquaintance with 
 Lord Byron on his return from the East. It took place in con 
 nection with the reconciliation of Byron and Moore, of which the 
 successive steps are minutely related in Moore's Life of Byron. Mr. 
 Rogers, having been informed by Moore that Byron and he had 
 agreed on a meeting as friends, proposed that it should be at his 
 (Mr. Rogers's) house, and desired Moore to invite Byron to meet him 
 at dinner there. This invitation was accepted in the most gracious 
 manner by Byron. It was intended at first that the party should 
 be confined to the trio ; but Campbell happened to call on Mr. 
 Rogers in the course of the morning, and was invited to join them. 
 This was in the first week of November, 1811 ; and at that time 
 Byron was not personally known to Rogers, Moore, or Campbell ! 
 Mr. Rogers introduced himself to Lord Byron, and presented the 
 other two as they arrived. Mr. Rogers whose dinners were always 
 perfect had taken pains to have a particularly nice one that day. 
 He soon found, however, somewhat to his consternation, that there 
 was nothing on the table which Lord Byron could eat or drink. 
 He was at that time in one of the frequent fits of abstinence which 
 he practised to check a tendency to grow stout. After refusing 
 every thing on the table, he asked for hard biscuit and soda-water, 
 neither of which happened to be in the house. The soda-water 
 was sent for and procured, but the biscuit was not to be had in 
 the neighborhood. Lord Byron then called for the potatoes, filled 
 his plate with them, and, pouring the contents of the vinegar-cruet 
 over them, made a hearty meal. His manner and conversation on 
 this occasion did not appear to have pleased Mr. Rogers so much as 
 they did Mr. Moore. Whenever I saw Lord Byron, his deportment 
 and conversation were those of a well-bred, intelligent man of the 
 world, wholly free from affectation and eccentricity. 
 
 "It has been a question whether Lord Byron was lame in one 
 foot or both. My own impression, when I saw him, was that the 
 deformity extended equally to both feet ; and such I understand 
 Mr. Trelawney, speaking from actual inspection after death, de 
 clares to have been the case. It was concealed from the eye by 
 very long and loose trousers, but caused him to walk with a slight 
 jerk at the hip. Mr. Rogers and Lord Byron were leaving a party 
 together, shortly after his return from the Continent. A linkman 
 accosted Lord B. by name. Mr. Rogers heedlessly said, ' You see 
 everybody knows you already.' Lord Byron rejoined, with a bitter 
 expression, Yes ; I am deformed.' This feeling seems to have been 
 habitually present to his mind, if we can trust his biographers: 
 but on no occasion when I saw him did his countenance wear the 
 expression of gloom or care. 
 
 "Three years and a half after I saw him in London, I had an 
 opportunity of renewing my acquaintance with Lord Byron at 
 Venice, where I saw him a few times in the autumn of 1818. Not 
 withstanding the events which had occurred since I saw him in 
 London, there was no change in his general appearance and man 
 ner. Our conversation was again very much on Greece, which I 
 was to visit the next spring and for which he furnished me addi 
 tional letters. He now spoke with some confidence of taking up 
 his abode there, though the revolution which caused him to do so 
 had not yet broken out. He dwelt at some length on the state of 
 society in Italy, particularly in Venice, and especially on the circle 
 at the Countess Albrizzi's, which Lord B. attended every evening 
 for two years, to which I had the good fortune to be introduced by 
 Ugo Foscolo. He spoke also with a good deal of interest of the 
 324 
 
 Armenian studies which he carried on for a short time under 
 Father Pascal Auger, of the Armenian Convent at Venice. Thia 
 learned and amiable ecclesiastic, whom I had the pleasure of know 
 ing, told me that for the short time that Lord Byron studied with 
 him he made rapid progress. He translated into English Father 
 Anchor's Armeno-Italian grammar, and also the unauthentic 
 Epistles of Paul to the Corinthians, which had never appeared in 
 an English version. They are found, as translated by Lord Byron, 
 in the Appendix to Moore's Life. 
 
 " It is scarcely necessary to add that Lord Byron's letters to his 
 friends in Corfu, Albania, and Greece Proper were of the greatest 
 service to me, especially at the court of Ali Pacha. ' Dark Muctar, 
 his son,' so well known to the readers of Childe Harold, was the 
 first person of eminence whom I saw at Yanina, of which he was 
 then the governor." 
 
 Byron, Hon. John, 1723-1786, a distinguished Bri- 
 ;ish admiral and circumnavigator, was the grandfather 
 of Lord Byron, the celebrated poet, and son of William, 
 "ourth Lord Byron, and Frances, daughter of William, Lord 
 Berkeley, of Stratton. His Life will be found in Char- 
 nock's Biographia Navalis, Lon., 1794-96, 6 vols. 8vo, and 
 other collections. Voyage round the World in the years 
 1764, '65, '66, in the Dolphin, by an officer on board the 
 same ship, Lon., 1767, 8vo ; also in Calender's Terra Aus- 
 tralis Incognita, iii. 673, 1766-68} and in Hawkesworth's 
 Voyages, i. 1, 1773. Narrative of the great distress suf 
 fered by himself and his companions, on the coast of Pa 
 tagonia, 1740-46, Lon., 1768, 8vo. 
 
 Lord Byron, the poet, relating an instance of the troubles 
 often encountered by those who brave the "perils of the 
 deep," thus reverentially refers to the hardships endured 
 by his respected ancestor : 
 
 " His sufferings were comparative, 
 
 To those related in my grand-dad's narrative." 
 
 Bysshe, Edward, 1615-1679, a native of Burstow, 
 Surrey, was educated at Trinity College, Oxford, after 
 which he removed to Lincoln's Inn, where he applied him 
 self to the study of the Common Law. 
 
 1. Notse in quatuor Libros Nicholai Upton, de studio 
 Militari. 2. Notae in Johannis de Bado Aureo Libellum 
 de Armis. 3. Notse in Henrici Spelmanni Aspidologiam. 
 
 He also pub. some trans.; Palladius de Gentibus, Ac., 
 and S. Ambrosius de Moribus, <fcc. For further informa 
 tion concerning these pieces, Wood refers to his account 
 of John Gregory, 1665, 4to. Wood tells us that he was 
 
 " An encourager of learning and learned men, particularly that 
 noted critic, John Gregory of Ch. h." 
 
 " We must quote the following for the benefit of our BIB- 
 LIOMANIACAL friends. 
 
 " He had a very choice library of books, all richly bound with 
 gilt dorses." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Bysshe, Edward. The Art of English Poetry, Lon., 
 1702, 8vo. British Parnassus, or Commonplace Book of 
 English Poetry, 1714, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Bythewood, W. M., and Jarman, T. Selection of 
 Precedents, forming a System of Conveyancing, with Dis 
 sertations and Practical Notes, Lon., 1824, 8vo, vols. 1, 2, 
 and 3 ; 3d edit., enlarged by George Sweet, Lon., 1839-49, 
 9 vols. 8vo, not yet completed. 
 
 " These volumes are composed of precedents drawn by eminent 
 conveyancers, and are those in general use at the present time. 
 The precedents are arranged under appropriate alphabetical titles, 
 accompanying which are exceedingly valuable and carefully pre 
 pared dissertations and notes." Marvin's Legal Bill. 
 
 Bythner, Victorinus, a native of Poland, resided 
 for many years, and died, in England. He read a Hebrew 
 lecture for a long period to the Hall of Christ Church, and 
 instructed in and pub. some books to facilitate the acqui 
 sition of that language. He resided for some time at 
 Cambridge. About 1664 he settled at Cornwall, where he 
 practised physic. Lethargy of the Soul, &c., 1636, 4 to. 
 Tabula Directoria, <fcc., Oxf., 1637. Lingua Eruditorum, 
 1638, Svo; reprinted under a new title, Lon., 1639, Svo. 
 Cantab., 1645, '75, Svo ; usually called his Hebrew Gram 
 mar. Clavis Linguae Sanctse, Camb., 1648, 8vo. Lyra 
 Prophetica Davidis Regis : sive Analysis Critico-practica 
 Psalmorum, Lon., 1645, '54, '64, '79, 4to. Glasguse, et 
 Londini, 1823, Svo ; to this is added an Introduction to 
 the Chaldee. Trans, by the Eev. Thomas Dee, Dublin, 
 and London, 1836, Svo; new edit., 1847, 8vo. 
 
 " Bythner's Lyra Davidis has long been known as perhaps tl 
 most valuable help to the critical and grammatical study of th 
 book of Psalms. The reprint, at the University press at Glasgow, 
 is very beautiful." Home's Introduction. 
 
 " Bythner was blessed with a most admirable geny for the o 
 tain ing of the tongues." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Bywater, John. An Essay on the History, Practice, 
 and Theory of Electricity, Lon., 1810, Svo. 
 
 " Ho writes in a clear and conspicuous manner, and always 
 treats his opponents with liberality and candour." Lon. JUontn. 
 Rev., 1811. 
 
 An Essay on Light and Vision, Lon., 1814, Svo. 
 
CAB 
 
 CAI 
 
 c. 
 
 Cabanel, Daniel, of Lincoln's Inn. The Tocsin 
 Sounded, Lon., 1811. Epistle to Hon. S. Percival, 1812. 
 Tribute to the Memory of ditto, 1812, 8vo. Poems and 
 Imitations, 1815, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. C. appears to have been long a votary of the Muses, some 
 of the pieces in this collection being dated nearly 30 years ago. . . . 
 The common effect of the lapse of time on the poet is to slacken 
 his spirit, and to increase his correctness: but this does not appear 
 to have been the case in the present instance ; the earlier poems 
 being more correct and in better taste than the later and larger 
 productions.'' Lon. MonMy Review, 1815. 
 
 Cable, Daniel. Trans, from Suchten; concerning 
 the secrets of Antimony, Lon., 1670, 8vo. 
 
 Cabot, Sebastian, b. about 1477, d. about 1557, an 
 eminent navigator, of a Venetian family, was a native of 
 Bristol. Voyages to the North-East Frosty Seas, and to 
 the Kingdoms lying that Way. See Martyr's P. Decades, 
 p. 254, 1577: Navigatione nelle parti Settentrionali, Ve 
 nice, .fol., 1583. A Map. Cabot first noticed the variation 
 of the compass. See Life by R. Biddle, (q. v.) 
 
 Cabrera, Dr. Paul F. Trans, of Del Rio's Report of 
 the Ruins near Palenque; with additions, Lon., 1822, 4to. 
 
 Caddell, Henry. Serms., Chelsea, 1843, 8vo. 
 
 Caddick, Richard. Hebrew made Easy, 1799, 8vo. 
 Serm., 1802, 8vo. Epist. to Romans, in Hebrew, corrected 
 from the version of Hutter, Nuremb., 1600; by Dr. Ro 
 binson at Lon., 1601: repub. with many improvements, 
 1804, 12mo. 
 
 Caddy, William, and N. Ward, Petition of, Lon., 
 1654. 
 
 Cade, Anthony. Serins., 1618, '21, '30, '61, 4to. 
 
 Cade, Capt. John, and John Mills. Their last 
 Speeches und Confessions, Lon., 1645, 4to. 
 
 Cade, John. Con. to Archaeologia, 1785, '89, '92; 
 on Roman Roads and Stations in Britain. 
 
 Cade, William. Popery Shaken, Lon., 1678, 4to. 
 
 Cadell, W. A. Journey in Carniola, Italy, and 
 France, 1817-18, Edin., 1820, 8vo. Mathematical Con. 
 to Ann. Philos., 1814 ; to Trans. Edin. Soc., 1817. 
 
 Cademan, Thomas, M.D. 1. Bedford's Passage to 
 the Parliament. 2. The Distiller, Lon., 1641-52. 
 
 Cadge. Morton's Surgical Anatomy of the Principal 
 Regions of the Human Body ; completed by Mr. Cadge, 
 Lon., r. 8vo ; also sold in parts. 
 
 " The work thus completed constitutes a useful guide to the 
 student, and remembrancer to the practitioner. . . We think that 
 Mr. Cadge's contributions in no degree fall short of the original 
 work." Lon. Medical Gazette. 
 
 See MORTON, THOMAS. 
 
 Cadogan, George. The Spanish Hireling Detected, 
 Lon, 1743. This refers to Genl. Oglethorpe's expedition 
 against St. Augustine. 
 
 Cadogan, William, M.D., d. 1797, aged 86, a na 
 tive of London, was educated at Oriel College, Oxford. 
 Essay on Children, Lon., 1748, 8vo; many edits. On the 
 Gout, <fec., 1764, 8vo; many edits. Harverian Orations, 
 1764 and 1793, both pub. 
 
 Cadogan, William Bromley, 1751-1797, 2d son 
 of the Earl of Cadogan, was educated at Westminster 
 School, and Christ Church College, Oxford ; Vicar of St. 
 Giles, Reading, 1774 ; and subsequently Rector of Chelsea. 
 Sermons, 1780, '95, '96. Discourses, Letters, and Me 
 moirs, by Richard Cecil, Lon., 1798, 8vo. 
 
 " These discourses abound with proof of the author's valuable 
 character, and of his intimate acquaintance with the scriptural 
 language." LOWNDES. 
 
 Psalms and Hymns collected, 1787, 12mo. 
 
 Cadwallader, General John, d. 1786, aged 43, a 
 soldier of the American Revolution, participated in the 
 battles of Princeton, Brandywine, Germantown, and Mon- 
 mouth. He pub. A Reply to General J. Reed's Remarks. 
 Ac., 1783. See Marshall, Allen, Ac. 
 
 Cadwallader, Thomas, M.D., d. 1779, aged 72, was 
 one of the physicians of the Pennsylvania Hospital from 
 1752 until his decease. His dissections for Dr. Shippen 
 were among the earliest made in this country. He was 
 noted for his great courtesy of manner, which was once 
 the means of saving his life. The story is as follows : 
 
 " A provincial officer, weary with his life, had determined to 
 shoot the first person whom he should meet,'in order that justice 
 should bring him to the gallows. An easier method of reaching 
 ms end would have been to shoot himself. However, with his re 
 solution and his gun he sallied forth. He first met a prettv eirl 
 but her beauty vanquished his intent. He next met Dr. Cadwal 
 lader, whose courteous 'Good morning, sir, what sport?' also con 
 quered him. He then went to a tavern, and shot a Mr. Scull, for 
 
 which he was hanged." See Ramsay's Rev. ; Thacher's Med. Biog. ; 
 Allen's Diet. 
 
 He pub. a Dissertation on the Iliac Passion, entitled, 
 An Essay on the West India Dry Gripes, 1745, in which 
 he recommended the use of opiates and mild cathartics, 
 instead of quicksilver, then employed. This was one of the 
 earliest American medical treatises. Boylston, Harwood, 
 and Thacher had previously pub. medical treatises. 
 
 Caedmon, d. about 680, the father of English Song, 
 is first mentioned by Bede, who gives us to understand 
 that he occupied, at least occasionally, the humble post of 
 a cow-herd. He was so ignorant as to be unable to bear 
 his part in the alternate vocal music with which our Saxon 
 forefathers recreated themselves at their feasts. Csedmon, 
 it is related, was supernaturally inspired with the gift of 
 song whilst asleep in his stable ; and the Abbess Hilda 
 considered herself honoured by his consenting to become 
 a monk in her house. Bede informs us that he celebrated 
 in magnificent strains much of the Old and New Testa 
 ment's history, the "terrors of the day of judgment, the 
 pains of hell, and the sweetness of the heavenly king 
 dom." Junius pub. in 1655 a MS. supposed to contain 
 some of the poetry of this distinguished bard. A new 
 edit., edited by the eminent Saxon scholar, Rev. Benjamin 
 Thorpe, was pub. by the Society of Antiquaries of London, 
 in 1832, consisting of a text formed carefully from the 
 original MS., and accompanied by a literal English version ; 
 and illustrated by a volume of plates taken from the illu 
 minations of the MS. This work is commended to the 
 careful attention of the reader. 
 
 " An excellent and satisfactory edition, with a most valuable In 
 dex." KEMBLE. 
 
 The striking resemblance between Caedmon's account 
 of the Fall of Man, <fec., and portions of Milton's Paradise 
 Lost, has been frequently noticed. 
 
 " The pride, rebellion, and punishment of Satan and his princes, 
 have a resemblance to Milton so remarkable, that most of his por 
 tion might be almost literally translated by a cento of lines from 
 the great poet." W.D. Conybeare's Illustrations of Anglo- Saxon 
 Poetry; and see Thorpe's Caedmon as above, and Wright's Biog 
 Brit. Lit. 
 
 Csesar, J. James, D.D., Minister of the Prussian 
 Church, London. Sermons pub. separately, 1702/04, '05, 
 '13, '14, '16, '17, 4to. 
 
 Caesar, John, Vicar of Croydon. Serms., 1708, 4to. 
 
 Caesar, Sir Julius, 1557-1636, an eminent civilian, 
 was the friend of Lord Bacon, and a favourite of James I. 
 and Charles I. Antient State, Authority, and Proceed 
 ings of the Court of Requests, 1596, '97, 4to. Many of 
 the valuable MSS. collected by him are in the British 
 Museum. Fuller gives this high character of him : 
 
 " A person of prodigious bounty to all of worth or want, so that 
 he might seem to be almoner-general of the nation. The story is 
 well known of a gentleman, who once borrowing his coach, (which 
 was as well known to poor people as any hospital in England,) was 
 so rendezvoused about with beggars in London, that it cost him 
 all the money in his purse to satisfy their importunity, so that he 
 might have hired twenty coaches on the same terms. Sir Francis 
 Bacon, Lord Verulam, was judicious in his election, when, perceiv 
 ing his dissolution to approach, he made his last bed in effect in 
 the house of Sir Julius." Worthies of Middlesex. 
 
 Caesar, Philip. Discourse of the damnable Sect of 
 Usurers, <fcc.; trans, by T. Rogers, Lon., 1578, 4to. A 
 Godly Treatise announcing the Lawfulness of Riches, Lon., 
 1578, 4to. 
 
 Caflfgn, Matthew. Deceiving Teachers, Ac., 1656. 
 
 Cage, Thornton. Case between him and his wife, fol. 
 
 Cagua, John, Surgeon. Profess. Con. to Phil. Trans., 
 1740. 
 
 Caines, Clement. Cultivation, <fcc. of the Otaheite 
 Cane, <fec., Lon., 1801, 8vo. 
 
 Caines, George, d. 1825, aged 54, Reporter of the 
 Supreme Court of New York. Lex Mercatoria Americana, 
 New York, 1802, 8vo. 
 
 " The author designed to add other volumes, but from the in 
 different reception by the profession of the first, his intention was 
 never carried into effect. It is a crude compilation, little known, 
 and less frequently referred to." Marvin's Legal BM. 
 
 Summary of the Practice in the Supreme Court of the 
 State of New York, New York, 1808, 8vo. 
 
 " This work was rather a practical manual than a treatise bene 
 ficial to experienced practitioners, or useful as a book of reference." 
 Graham's Practice. 
 
 Practical Forms of Supreme Ct. of N. York, 1808, 8vo. 
 Cases in the Court for the Trial of Impeachments and 
 Correction of Errors, State of N. York, 1805-07, 2 vols. 
 
 325 
 
CAI 
 
 CAL 
 
 8vo. Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of State of 
 N. York, 1803-05, 3 vols. Svo, 1813, '14 ; 2d edit, 1852. 
 
 " George Caines, Esq., was the first Reporter of the Decisions of 
 the Supreme Court of the State of New York, regularly appointed 
 as such. The names of the Hon. Judges who presided in this Court 
 during the period above stated, were Morgan Lewis, James Kent, 
 (afterwards Chancellor of the State,) Jacob Radeliff, Brockholdst 
 Livingston, Smith Thompson, (the two last-named gentlemen were 
 subsequently appointed Judges of the Supreme Court of the United 
 States,) Ambrose Spencer, and David D. Tompkins a more able 
 and independent Judiciary never existed at any one period, in_any 
 Court of the United States." 
 
 Caird, James, of Baldoon. English Agriculture, 
 1850, '51, Lon., 8vo ; 5d edit., 1852. 
 
 " It contains many sensible remarks, and very shrewd observa 
 tions; showing a most enlightened mind and sound understand 
 ing." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 The Plantation Scheme, 8vo, 1850. 
 
 High Farming under liberal Covenants the best substi 
 tute for Protection, 8vo ; and High Farming Vindicated,8vo. 
 
 " It must therefore be the interest of all persons connected with 
 land to encourage the extension of the more skilful and improved 
 agriculture described by Mr. Caird, and by every means to diffuse 
 the knowledge on which the profitable practice of the system de 
 pends." Edin. Rev., Oct. 1849. 
 
 Caird, John, minister of the Park Church, Glasgow. 
 1. Religion in Common Life; a Serm., Edin., 1856. 2. Serais.. 
 1858, p. 8vo. 
 
 Cairncross. An dr., Surgeon. Con. to Med.Com., 1781. 
 
 Cairns, Elizabeth. Autobiography, Glasg., 1762, Svo. 
 
 Cairns, John. College and Pastoral Life, fp. Svo. 
 
 " Written with an eye to the wants, difficulties, and dangers of 
 students in the midst of their college-life; and in this point of 
 Tiew curious and valuable." KitWs Journal of Sacred Lit. 
 
 Cairns, William, LL.D., Prof, of Logic and Belles- 
 Lettres in Belfast Coll. Moral Freedom, Lon., 1844, Svo. 
 
 " This appears to be an able and popular work on metaphysics, 
 as iar as metaphysics can be popular." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 Cains, John, Poet Laureate to Edward IV., trans. 
 The History of the Siege of Rhodes. 
 
 Cains, Kaye, Keye, Key, or Cay, John, 1510- 
 1573, an eminent English physician, was a native af Nor 
 wich, and in 1529 was entered of Gonvil Hall, Cambridge, 
 to which he gave a large sum to build a new (now known 
 as Caius) College. (See Biog. Brit.) Hippocratis de Me- 
 dicamentis, De Medendi Methodo, Ac., Basil, 1544, 8vo. 
 Treatises on the Sweating Sickness, 1552, <fcc. The best 
 description extant. He calls it a " contagious pestilential 
 fever of one day," and describes it as prevailing " with a 
 mighty slaughter, and the destruction of it as tremendous 
 as the plague of Athens." By request of Gesner, he wrote 
 a treatise on British Dogs : De Canibus Britannicis,, Li 
 ber unus,<fcc., 1570, (<fcc., 8vo,) inserted entire in the British 
 Zoology of Pennant, who has followed his arrangement. 
 Of other works written by Caius, one of the principal is 
 De Antiquitate Cantabrigiensis Academise, Libri duo. Adi- 
 unximus Apportionem Antiquitatis Oxoniensis Academiae : 
 ab Oxoniensi quodam, Lon., 1568, 12mo. The origin of 
 this work was as follows : Thomas Caius of Oxford had 
 written in 1566, a treatise, Assertio antiquitatis Oxoniensis 
 Academiae, in which he affirmed that Oxford was the most 
 ancient University, being founded by some Greek philoso 
 phers, the companions of Brutus, and restored by King 
 Alfred in 870. It is said that Archbishop Parker sent a 
 copy of this treatise to John Caius of Cambridge, our au 
 thor, and requested him to vindicate his University. It 
 was a labour of love with the valiant Cambridge man, who 
 wrote the above-named dissertation, which he pub. with the 
 Oxford champion's treatise. John Caius does not stop at 
 trifles, for so far is he from yielding the point, that he un 
 dertakes to prove that Cambridge was founded by Cantaber, 
 397 years before Christ, and consequently was 1267 years 
 older than Oxford ! Thomas Caius, nothing daunted, wrote 
 a critique upon his adversary's arguments. We commend 
 this subject to antiquaries who now adorn the halls of Ox 
 ford and Cambridge. John Cams pub. a list of his works 
 in De Libris Propriis, Liber unus, 1570. He was one of 
 the best Grecians of his day. 
 
 Cains, Thomas, d. 1572, educated at, and Fellow of, 
 All Souls' College, Oxford, afterwards Prebendary of Sarnm 
 and master of University College, has been noticed under 
 the preceding article. Assertio Antiquitatis Oxoniensis 
 Academies, Lon., 1568, 12mo ; 1574, 4to. Vindicise Anti 
 quitatis Universitatis Oxoniensis, contra Joannem Caium 
 Cantabrigiensem. In lucem ex Autographo emisit, Tho. 
 Hearnius, Oxon., 1730, 2 vols. Svo. At the request of 
 Catherine Parr, he trans. Erasmus's paraphrase on St. 
 Mark, and he also made translations from Aristotle's de 
 Mirabilibus Mundi, and the Tragedies of Euripides. 
 
 " An eminent Latinist, Grecian, poet, and orator; excellent also 
 for all kinds of worth." Athen. Oxon. 
 326 
 
 Calabrella, Baroness de. Double Oath ; a Novel, 
 Lon., 3 vols. p. Svo. Land of Promise, sm. 4to, 1844. 
 Tempter and Tempted, 3 vols. p. Svo, 1842. Prism of 
 Thought, p. Svo, 1843. Prism of Imagination, p. Svo, 1S44. 
 
 " A more magnificent book for the drawing-room table it has 
 never been our lot to behold." Lon. Cburt Journal. 
 
 Evenings at Haddon Hall; with engravings from de 
 signs by George Cattermole, Esq., 1845, '49. 
 
 ' By far the most elegant, the most splendid, and the most in 
 trinsically valuable production of its class that has ever appeared. 
 Cattermole's designs are perfect gems of art." Lon. A'aval and 
 Military Gazette. 
 
 Calamy, Benjamin, D.D., d. 1686, son of EDMUNI 
 CALAMY, (q. v.) entered Catherine Hall, Cambridge, 1664, 
 '65, of which he became a Fellow, and was also tutor there; 
 Vicar of St. Lawrence, Jewry, with St. Magdalen, Milk 
 Street, annexed ; Prebendary of St. Paul's, 1685. Sermons 
 pub. separately, 1663, '73, '82, '83, '84. Sermons, 1687, 
 Svo. Sermons, 5th edit., 1712, Svo. 13 Sermons, 1726, 
 Svo. His celebrated Discourse about a Scrupulous Con 
 science was preached in 1683, and pub. in 1684, fol. 
 
 " No piece of its kind or size gained more credit to its author, or 
 was more taken notice of by the public." 
 
 Thomas De Laune wrote against it in such a manner as 
 to cause his imprisonment. 
 
 "As- a divine, Benjamin Calamy has been mentioned with high 
 approbation by Bishop Burnet, Archdeacon Echard, Dean Sherlock, 
 who preached his funeral sermon, wherein he speaks of him in the 
 highest terms, and Mr. Granger." 
 
 " As a sermon writer he is characterized by constant good sense, 
 by sound judgment in the selection of his subjects, simplicity in 
 his plans, and ease, clearness, and purity of style." British Pulpit 
 Eloquence. 
 
 Calamy, Edmund, 1600-1666, a native of London, 
 was admitted of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1616; made 
 Vicar of St. Mary's, in Swafi'ham Prior, Cambridgeshire, 
 which he resigned upon being appointed one of the lec 
 turers of Bury St. Edmund's, Suffolk. Withdrawing from 
 the Established Church, he was, in 1639, chosen minister 
 of St. Mary's, Aldermanbury, where he continued for 
 twenty years, attracting attention by his eloquence in the 
 pulpit. He was a warm advocate of the Restoration, and 
 Charles II. on his return offered him the Bishopric of 
 Lichffeld and Coventry, which he declined. He afterwards 
 fell into disgrace with the government in consequence of 
 the freedom of his remarks. Calamy was one of the five 
 authors of Smectymnus, an answer to Bishop Hall's Di 
 vine Right of Episcopacy. He pub. a number of sermons, 
 <fec., 1641-63. Vindication of the Presbyterian Govern 
 ment and Ministry, 1650. Jus Divinum Ministerii Evange 
 lic! Anglicani, 1654. 
 
 " He was, though a very learned man, yet a plain and practical 
 preacher, and one who was not afraid to speak his sentiments freely 
 of and to the greatest men." 
 
 Calamy, Edmund, 1671-1732, grandson of the pre 
 ceding, was sent to the University of Utrecht, 1688; as 
 sistant minister of a Nonconformist congregation, Black- 
 friars, London, 1692; pastor of a congregation at West 
 minster, 1703. He pub. many sermons, &c., 1683-1729. 
 Excercitationes Philosophicse, <fec., Traj. ad Rhen., 1688, 
 4to. Abridgt. of Baxter's Life and Times, Lon., 1702, 
 Svo; 1713-27, 4 vols. Svo; and Defence of Moderate Non 
 conformity against Ollyffe and Hoadly, 1703-05, 3 vols.Svo. 
 
 " There were animadversions on Dr. Calamy besides those of 
 Ollyffe and Hoadly ; but much useful information is to be gleaned 
 from Calamy. His own life, written by himself, has also been pub 
 lished by J. T. Rutt, 2 vols. 8vo, 1830." BICKEKSTETH. 
 
 For a review of Calamy's autobiography vide Brit. Critic, 
 vii. 295. Letter to Archdeacon Echard upon occasion of 
 his History of England, 1718, Svo. The Inspiration of 
 the Scriptures, 1710, Svo, in 14 sermons. Sermons con 
 cerning the Doctrine of the Trinity, with a Vindication of 
 1 John v. 7, 1722, Svo. 
 
 " The discourses on the inspiration of the Scriptures are very 
 able, and defend those views of this important topic which are 
 generally held by the orthodox Dissenters. . . . More light has 
 been thrown on the disputed passage in 1 John v. 7, since Calamy 
 wrote ; but his defence of it is tolerably good for the time." Chine's 
 Bibl. Bib. 
 
 The Life of Dr. Increase Mather, 1725, Svo. Noncon 
 formist's Memorial ; abridged by Samuel Palmer, Lon., 
 1778, 2 vols. Svo; 1802, 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 Calamy, James, d. 1714, brother of Benjamin Ca 
 lamy, Prebendary of Exeter, pub. a dedication to hia 
 brother Benjamin. Sermons. 
 
 Calbris, B. Guide to French, Lon., 1797, Svo. 
 
 Calcaskie, John. Trans, from Brentius of a theolog. 
 treatise, Lon., 1550. 
 
 Calcott, John Wall. See CALLCOTT. 
 
 Calcott, Wellins. On Free Masonry, Lon.,1769, 8vo. 
 
 Caldcleugh, Alexander. Travels in South America, 
 1819, '20, '21, Lon., 1825, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
CAL 
 
 CAL 
 
 A work heavy and languid; but the author has added con 
 siderably to our stock of information concerning several parts of 
 South America." Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 Caldecott, R. M. The Life of Baber, Emperor of 
 Hindostan, Lon., 1844, 8vo. 
 
 Caldecott, Thomas. Reports of Cases relative to 
 the Duty and Office of a Justice of the Peace, 1776-85, 
 Lon., 1786-1800, 4to; 3 parts. 
 
 Calder, Frederick. Explanation, Ac. of Arith 
 metic, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 Calder, Jas., Surgeon. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1731. 
 
 Calder, John, D.D., 1733-1815, a native of Aber 
 deen, preached for some time to a Dissenting congregation 
 near the Tower. Sermon, 1772, 8vo. Trans, of Le Cou- 
 rayer's Last Sentiments on Religion, 1787, 12mo. Notes 
 to Nichols's edit, of the Tatler, 1786, 6 vols. 8vo. He was 
 not successful in an attempt to prepare for publication an 
 improved edit, of Chambers's Cyclopaedia. The duty was 
 assigned to Dr. Abraham Rees. See Nichols's Literary 
 Anecdotes, <fec. 
 
 Calder, Robert, b. 1658, ordained about 1680, was 
 a minister of much note in the Episcopal Church of Scot 
 land. He refused to acknowledge William and Mary, 
 and was deprived of his curacy. He suffered greatly from 
 persecution. In 1689 he was imprisoned for eleven 
 months in the Edinburgh jail for exercising his ministe 
 rial functions. Among his publications are, The Divine 
 Right of Episcopacy, Edin., 1705, 8vo. The Lawfulness 
 and Expediency of Set Forms of Prayer, 1706, 8vo. Mis 
 cellany Numbers, 1713, 8vo. This was a weekly sheet in 
 defence of Episcopacy, the Liturgy, &c. His comparison 
 between the Kirk and the Church of Scotland, 1712, was 
 repub., Lon., 1841, 12mo, with a preface by Thomas Ste 
 phens. His work on the Priesthood, now very scarce, has 
 been highly commended. 
 
 Calderon de La Barca, Madame Frances, a 
 native of Scotland, was a Miss Inglis. In 1838 she was 
 married to his Excellency Don Calderon de la Barca, 
 Spanish minister to the United States and subsequently to 
 Mexico. She has pub. a work entitled Life in Mexico ; 
 with a preface by W. H. Prescott, the historian, 1843, 
 which has been most favourably received. 
 
 " Madame Calderon's book has all the natural liveliness and 
 tact, and readiness of remark, which are sure to distinguish the 
 first production of a clever woman. ... A more genuine book, in 
 ah-, as well as reality, it would be difficult to find." %klin. Review. 
 
 " Here the wife of a Spanish Ambassador permits the publica 
 tion of journals written in a land hitherto unvisited by any one 
 gifted with so keen an eye and so pleasant a pen." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 Calderwood, David, 1575-1651 ? an eminent Scotch 
 divine and Church historian ; minister of Crailling, near 
 Jedburgh, 1604; deprived, for opposition to Episcopacy, 
 1617; returned home from a visit to Holland, 1625. He 
 pub. several treatises, but is best known by his History of 
 the Church of Scotland, 1560-1625, 1678, fol. This is a 
 mere abridgment from the author's MS. History, which 
 was given to the world by the Wodrow Society, 8 vols. 
 8vo, 1842-49. 
 
 "In high esteem with the men of its author's principles." 
 BISHOP NICOLSOX. 
 
 " The history in favour of Presbyterianism." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 " Written in a way, both with respect to the spirit and style of 
 It, which renders it very unpleasant in the perusal." Biog. Brit. 
 
 Altare Damascenum, 1621, '23, 4to ; in English, 1621, 
 12mo, under the title of the Altar of Damascus, or 'the 
 Pattern of the English Hierarchy and Church obtruded 
 upon the Church of Scotland. 
 
 Caldervvood, Robert. Con. to Med. Com., 1784. 
 
 Caldwall, or Chaldwell, Richard, M.D., 1513 ?- 
 1585, was a Fellow of Brazenose College, Oxford, and in 
 1570 elected President of the College of Physicians. The 
 Tables of Surgery, trans, from H. Moro, a Florentine phy 
 sician, Lon., 1585. 
 
 Caldwell, Andrew, 1752-1808. Public Buildings 
 of Dublin, 1770. 
 
 " Very judicious observations." 
 
 Escape of James Stewart from some Turks, Lon., 1804, 
 fol. ; privately printed. 
 
 Caldwell, Charles, M.D., 1772-1853, a learned phy 
 sician of Philadelphia. In 1795 he trans. Blumenbach's 
 Elements of Physiology, Medical and Physical Memoirs; 
 containing, among other subjects, a Particular Inquiry 
 into the Nature of the Pestilential Epidemics of the United 
 States, Lon., 1801, 8vo. In 1814 he succeeded Nicholas 
 Biddle as editor of the Port Folio. In 1816, edited Cullen's 
 Practice of Physic. Life and Campaigns of General 
 Greene, 1819. His published writings and translations 
 from 1794 to 1851 amount to upwards of 200 articles. See 
 his Autobiography, with Preface, Notes, tc., Phila., 1855, 
 
 8vo ; also Biographical Notice by Dr. B. H. Coates before 
 Amer. Phil. Soc. 
 
 Caldwell, Howard H., b. 1832, at Newberry, S.C. 
 Oliatta, and other Poems, N.Y., 1855, 12mo. Poems, Bost., 
 1858, 12mo. See South. Lit. Mess., July, 1858. 
 
 Caldwell, Sir James. Political and Commercial 
 treatises, 1764, '65, '79. Affairs of Ireland, 1765, 2 vols, 
 8vo. 
 
 Caldwell, James Stamford. Laws of Arbitra 
 tion, 1817. Results of Reading, 1843, 8vo. 
 
 Caldwell, John. Sermon, Lon., 1577, 8vo. 
 
 Caldwell, Joseph. Fiue Diuine Branches spring 
 ing in the Garden of Vertuej Lon., sine anno. 
 
 Caldwell, Thomas. A Select Collection of Ancient 
 and Modern Epitaphs and Inscriptions, 1796, 12mo. 
 
 Caldwell, William W., b. 1823, Newburyport, Mass. ; 
 grad. Bowdoin Coll., 1843; a poet, has pub. some trans 
 lations from the German. 
 
 Calef, Robert, d. 1719, a merchant of Boston, dis 
 tinguished himself by opposing Cotton Mather and other 
 believers in witehcraft. The excellent Mather for such 
 he truly was pub. in 1692 The Wonders of the Invisible 
 World, 4to. Mr. Calef thought proper to oppose the witch 
 craft-theory, and answered this work in his More Wonders 
 of the Invisible World Displayed, 5 parts, Lon., 1700; re 
 printed at Salem in 1700. This publication excited great 
 indignation. Dr. Increase Mather, President of Harvard 
 College in 1700, ordered the book to be burnd in the college- 
 yard, and the members of the Old North Church pub. a 
 defence of their pastors, the Mathers, entitled Remarks 
 upon a Scandalous Book, &c., with the motto, Truth will 
 come off conqueror. 
 
 Calep, Ralph. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1708. 
 
 Cales, Thomas. Voyages, <fcc. 
 
 Caley, John, 1763-1834, a learned antiquary, Secre 
 tary to the National Record Commission during its conti 
 nuance, 1801-31, was joint editor in 14 of the works un 
 dertaken by the Commissioners. He was also joint editor 
 with Dr. Bandinell and Sir Henry Ellis of a new edit, of 
 Dugdale's Monastieon, pub. in 54 parts, forming 8 vols. 
 folio, at 141 15s., 1817-30. He contributed several arti 
 cles to the Archaeologia, viz. : A Memoir of the Origin of 
 the Jews in England, vol. viii., 1787 ; Extract from a MS. 
 in the Augmentation Office, ix., 1789; A Valuation of 
 Corpus Christi Shrine at York, x., 1790 ; A Survey of the 
 Manor of Wymbledon, x., 1792. 
 
 Calfhill, or Calnll, James, 1530-1570, entered 
 King's College, Cambridge, 1545 ; Christ Church, Oxford, 
 1548; Prebendary of St. Paul's, 1562; nominated by 
 Queen Elizabeth to the Bishopric of Worcester, 1570, but 
 died that year. Querela Oxoniensis Academicse ad Can- 
 tabrigiam, Lon., 1552, 4to. A Latin Poem. Historia de 
 Exhumatione Catherines, &c., Lon., 1562, 8vo. An An- 
 swere to the Treatise of the Crosse, 1565, 4to. 
 
 " He was in his younger days a noted poet and comedian, and 
 in his elder, an exact disputant, and had an excellent faculty in 
 speaking and preaching." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Calhoun, John Caldwell, 1782-1850, a distin 
 guished American statesman, was born in Abbeville dis 
 trict, South Carolina, on the 18th of March. During "a 
 period of forty years he rendered faithful services to the 
 Union in the various capacities of Representative, Secre 
 tary of War, Vice-President, and Senator." He died at 
 Washington City on the 31st of March, 1850. 
 
 " Few men have been called upon to pass through scenes of 
 higher political excitement, and to encounter more vigorous and 
 unrelenting opposition than Mr. Calhoun ; yet, amid all the pre 
 judices which party feeling engenders, and all the jealousy of po 
 litical rivals, and all the animosity of political opponents, no one 
 has ever ventured to hazard his own reputation for judgment or 
 sincerity so fer as to doubt one moment his great and command 
 ing talents." 
 
 Works, edited by Richard K. Cralle, New York, 1853- 
 54, <fcc., 6 vols. 8vo. 
 
 We annex some notices of Mr. Calhoun's Essay on Go 
 vernment, (vol. i. of his works,) to which he devoted the 
 careful attention of many of his leisure hours : 
 
 " If we were called upon to select any one portion of the Trea 
 tise for quotation, we should be at great difficulty to separate, 
 where all is so closely connected. The history of parties in our 
 Union, the profound speculations on the dangers attending our 
 future destinies and their remedies, the account of the formation 
 of our Colonial Governments, and of our federative system, and 
 j the demonstration that this is a federal, and not a national, go- 
 I vernment, are alike admirable. No piece of reasoning can be more 
 conclusive than this vindication of the doctrine of State sove 
 reignty. Every truth has more to fear from its half-way friends 
 than its avowed enemies. Few persons venture to deny that the 
 i states are sovereign, but their federalism is hidden even to them- 
 I selves, under the sophism of a divided sovereignty. They contend 
 I that our system is partly federal and partly national, and imagine 
 
CAL 
 
 CAL 
 
 that both the several States and the Union are sovereign. To ex 
 pose this fallacy it is necessary to have a just conception of sove 
 reignty. Mr. Calhoun's philosophical habits of thought kept this 
 ever present to his mind. . . . Our free quotations have afforded 
 to the reader some opportunity of judging of Mr. Calhoun's style. 
 It has none of that curious felicity which makes some books plea 
 sant reading, apart from the value of the ideas. There is less of 
 that magnificent imagery which adorns Burke' s thoughts, without 
 encumbering them, and illuminates the reason with the splendour 
 of the imagination ; though occasionally images of great brilliancy 
 flash, with meteor-like swiftness, across the path of Calboun's dis 
 course. The rhythm of his style seems rugged, when read in an 
 ordinary tone ; but give it the earnest emphasis which marked 
 his manner of speaking, and its march beats time to its meaning." 
 Southern Quarterly Review, vol. vii., New Series, 378, April, 1853. 
 
 " We return to this volume, however, only for the purpose of 
 taking leave of it with an expression of sincere respect for the 
 frankness and ability with which it is written, and for the honesty 
 of the author's purposes, however we may dissent from many of 
 his opinions." North Amer. Review, vol. Ixxvi. 507, April, 1853. 
 
 " The eloquence of Mr. Calhoun, or the manner in which he ex 
 hibited his sentiments in public bodies, was part of his intellec 
 tual character. It grew out of the qualities of his mind. It was 
 plain, strong, terse, condensed, concise ; sometimes impassioned, 
 still always severe. Rejecting ornament, not often seeking far for 
 illustrations, his power consisted in the plainness of his proposi 
 tions, in the closeness of his logic, and in the earnestness and 
 energy of his manner." HON. DANIEL WEBSTER: Speech in the 
 Senate of the United States, on the day when the death of Mr. Cal 
 houn was announced. 
 
 See Life of John C. Calhoun, with Selections from his 
 Speeches and State Papers, by John S. Jenkins, Aub., 12mo. 
 
 Callaghan, Dr. Vindiciae Catholicorum Hiberniae, 
 Paris, 1650, 12mo. 
 
 Call, Daniel. Reports of Cases adjudged in the 
 Court of Appeals of Virginia, 1790-1818; 2d edit., by 
 Joseph Tate, Richmond, 1824-33, 6 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Call's style of reporting is quite inartificial. His state 
 ments of facts are long, overloaded, and perplexed. His marginal 
 notes of abstracts are confused, and often do not present the points 
 distinctly; and his index, or table of matters, is defective in ar- 
 mngement." American Jurist. 
 
 Callam, James. Account of a Voyage from the 
 Cape of Good Hope to Botany Bay, 1789, 8vo. 
 
 Callanan, James Joseph, Irish poet, b. at Cork, 
 1795, d. at Lisbon, 1829, partly educated at Maynooth 
 College for the Roman Catholic priesthood. He subsequently 
 entered Trinity College, Dublin, with a view of becoming 
 JL barrister, and there produced two Prize Poems, one on 
 the Accession of George IV., the other on the Restoration 
 ty Alexander the Great of the Spoils of Athens. Suddenly 
 abandoning the University and the study of the law, the 
 remainder of his life in Ireland was spent in the duties of 
 tutorship, partly in private families and partly in the 
 school kept at Cork by the celebrated Dr. William Maginn. 
 Encouraged by this great scholar, Callanan translated a 
 series of six Irish Popular Songs, which appeared in 1823 
 in vol. xiii. of Blackwood's Magazine. Between this time 
 and 1827, when he quitted Ireland for Lisbon, Callanan 
 wrote numerous poems, of which the most ambitious was 
 " The Recluse of Inchidony," in the Spenserian stanza. His 
 most successful pieces were lyrical. The best are "The 
 Virgin Mary's Bank," and the spirited ballad-ode called 
 "Gouzane Barra," commencing 
 
 " There is a green island in lone Gouzane Barra, 
 
 Where Allua of songs rushes forth as an arrow," 
 the most perfect, perhaps, tf all Irish minor poems in the 
 melody of its rhythm, the flow of its language, and the 
 weird force of its expression. Mr. Callanan died as he was 
 about returning to Ireland. A small 12mo volume of his 
 Poems was published at Cork almost simultaneously with 
 his death. A new edition, with a Memoir, chiefly an ex 
 pansion of an article in Bolster's Quarterly Magazine of 
 Ireland, appeared in 1847, and a 3d edition, edited by M. 
 F. McCarthy, author of the Memoir, was issued in 1848. 
 
 Callander, Jas. Military Maxims, Lon., 1782, 12mo. 
 
 Callander, John, d. 1789, a Scotch Lawyer, Fellow 
 and Secretary for Foreign Correspondence of the Society 
 of Scottish Antiquaries, presented this body with 5 vols. 
 folio, of his MS. works, and annotations upon Milton's 
 Paradise Lost in 9 vols. folio ! What an opportunity for 
 some editor of the British Homer ! Two Ancient Scottish 
 Poems: the Gaberlunzie Man and Christ's Kirk on the 
 Green, with Notes and Observations, Edin., 1782, 8vo. 
 
 "The deficiencies of Callander as an editor are amply compen 
 sated by his uncommon erudition as a philologist." 
 
 An Essay towards a literal version of the New Testa 
 ment in the Epistle to the Ephesians, Glasg., 1779. 
 
 " This is a very curious specimen of literal rendering, in which 
 the order of the Greek words is rigidly followed, and the English 
 idiom entirely abandoned, to the utter destruction of the elegance 
 and meaning of the original. . . . The curiosity of the work is 
 that the notes are in Greek; a proof; certainly, of Mr. Calender's 
 ^earning, but not of bis wisdom." Orme'* BtbL Bib. 
 
 Callander, John. Terra Australia Cognita, or 
 Voyages to the Southern Hemisphere during the 16th, 
 17th, and 18th centuries, Edin., 1766-68, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Callaway, John, ten years a Missionary at Ceylon. 
 Oriental Observations and Occasional Criticisms, more or 
 less illustrating several hundred passages of Scripture, 
 Lon., 1827, 12mo. 
 
 " This little and unassuming volume contains many valuable 
 elucidations of the sacred volume which will be sought in vain in 
 some of its more voluminous predecessors." HORNE. 
 
 "The notes are, for the most part, brief; and when suggested 
 by the author's personal observations, interesting, and to the pur 
 pose." Lon. Eclectic Review. 
 
 Callcott, Sir Augustus Wall, R.A., 1779-1844 
 Illustrations of the Chapel of the Annunziato dell'Arena, 
 or Giotto's Chapel, in Padua, consisting of fine wood- 
 engravings of paintings by the celebrated Giotto, with 
 descriptions by Lady Callcott, imperial 4to, 1845. 
 
 " This work was published by Sir A. Callcott to preserve a me 
 morial of these interesting fresco paintings, executed in 1306 and 
 now rapidly perishing. ' It may assist persons,' he says, ' in re 
 calling the admiration with which they cannot fail to have con 
 templated this monument of one of the greatest geniuses of an 
 age fertile in great men.' " 
 
 Callcott, John Wall, 1766-1821, Musical Doctor, 
 brother of the preceding. Musical Grammar, 1806, '09, 
 8vo. Keyed Instruments, 1807. He left many MS. volumes 
 intended as materials for a comprehensive Musical Dic 
 tionary. His Musical Grammar is much esteemed. It 
 is to be deeply regretted that he did not complete his Dic 
 tionary. Are we not in want of such a guide? and who 
 shall furnish it? 
 
 Callcott, Maria, Lady, 1788-1843, a daughter of 
 Rear-Admiral George Dundas, was married first to Cap 
 tain Thomas Graham, R. N., and after his decease became 
 the wife of Mr. (afterwards Sir Augustus) Callcott. Lady 
 Callcott saw much of the world in her extensive peregri 
 nations in India, South America, Italy, Spain, <fcc. Travels 
 in India, 1812. Three Months in the Environs of Rome, 
 1819, 1820. Memoirs of the Life of Poussin, 1820. His- 
 toire de France, ISmo. History of Spain, 1828. Essays 
 towards the History of Painting, 1836. Other works. Her 
 last work was A Scripture Herbal, with upwards of 120 
 Wood Engravings, 1842, c. 8vo. 
 
 " Executed in a very meritorious and interesting manner. . . . 
 The Book is altogether AN EXCELLENT BIBLE COMPANION ; we can 
 bestow no higher praise." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 Lady Callcott devoted the last two years of her life to 
 drawing the specimens of the plants, and collecting the 
 best works on Botany to furnish materials for this valu 
 able work. 
 
 Callcott, Maria Hutchins. Rome amongst Stran 
 gers; a Tale, Lon., 1848, 2 vols. fp. 8vo. 
 
 " A very simple yet graceful story. There is much variety in 
 the storv, and the sketches of character are exceedingly good." 
 Lon. Church and State Gazette. 
 
 Callender, James T., drowned at Richmond, Vir 
 ginia, 1803, was an exile for the following pamphlet, The 
 Political Progress of Britain, Ac., Edin., 1792, '95, 8vo. 
 Political Register, or Proceedings in Congress, NOY 3, 
 1794, to March 3, 1795, vol. 1, 2 parts, Phila., 1795, 8vo. 
 Sketches of the History of America, 1798. He was at one 
 time a friend, afterwards a violent opponent, of Thomas 
 Jefferson. See Jefferson's Letters; Col. Cent., July 30, 
 1803 ; Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. 
 
 Callender, John, of R. Island. Serms., 1739, '45. 
 
 Callicot, Theophilus Carey, b. 1826. in Cornwall, 
 England. His parents settled in Fairfax co., Va., in his 
 childhood. Grad. Delaware Coll. ; studied law under Judge 
 Storrs at the Yale Law School, and was admitted to the 
 bar in N.Y. City in 1847. His pen has been employed 
 chiefly in contributing literary, political, and legal articles 
 to the newspapers, magazines, and law-journals, and in 
 editing the works of others for the press. Histoire du 
 Canada; from the French of Abbe" Brasseur de Bourbourg 
 M. S. Lemoine's Etudes on the Tragedies of Shakspeare, 
 pub. N.Y. Musical World, 1852. Handbook (>f Universal 
 Geography, N.Y., 1853, 12mo; new ed., revised, 1856. 
 
 Callis, Robert. The Case and Arguments against 
 Sir Ignoramus, Lon., 1648, 4to. Reading upon the Sta 
 tute of Sewers, 1647, '85, '86, 1710; 5th and best edit, 
 with the Notes of Mr. Serg. Hill, by W. J. Broderip, 
 Lon., 1824. 
 
 Caiman, E. S. Description of the Earthquake in 
 Syria, Lon., 1837, 8vo. Errors of Modern Judaism, Lon., 
 1840, 12mo. 
 
 Calthrop, Charles. The Relation between a Lord 
 of a Manor and a Copyholder, Lon., 1635, 4to. 
 
 "It is a legal production of very considerable value in the opi 
 nion of qualified judges." 
 
CAL 
 
 CAM 
 
 Calthrop, Sir Harry. Liberties, Usages, and Cus 
 toms of the City of London, 1612, 4to; and in the Somers 
 Collection of Tracts. It is a sort of alphabetical index to 
 the Liber Albus. Reports of Cases rel. to City of London, 
 1655, '70, 12mo. 
 
 " Prettily reported, and well worth reading." 
 
 Calthrop, John. Sermon, 1759, 8vo. 
 
 Calthrop, John. Sermons, Lon., 1839, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Calver, Edward. Passion and Discretion of Youth 
 and Age, Lon., 1641, 4to. England's Sad Pastime, 1644, 
 8vo. Royal Visions, 1648, 4to. Zion's Thankful Echoes, 
 1649, 4to. 
 
 Calverly, William. Dyalogue betwene the Playn- 
 tife and the Defendaunt : compyled whyles he was Prisoner 
 in the Towre of London, 4to. 
 
 CaIvert,Cecilius, Lord Baltimore, Proprietor 
 of Maryland, son of the founder. The Case of Lord Balti 
 more concerning the Province of Maryland, adjoining to 
 Virginia, Lon., 1653, 4to : for an account of this publica 
 tion and the rejoinder thereto, see Park's Walpole's R. & 
 N. Authors, v. 177. 
 
 Calvert, Frederick, Lord Baltimore, Pro 
 prietor of Maryland, 1731-1771, eldest son of Charles, 6th 
 Lord Baltimore, died at Naples, leaving his property to 
 his son Henry Harford. A Tour to the East in 1763-64, 
 Lon., 1767, 12mo. Gaudia Poetica, Latina, Anglica, et 
 Gallica Lingua composita, 1769. Augustae Litteris Spa- 
 thianis, 1770; very rare; sold at Reed's sale for 6 10s. 
 Coelestes et Inferni, Venitiis, 1771, 4to; also rare. 
 
 "Lord Baltimore's travels deserved no more to be published 
 than his bills on the road for post-horses ; but they prove that a 
 man may travel without observation, and be an author without 
 ideas." HORACE WALPOLE. 
 
 Calvert, Frederick. A Treatise upon the Law re 
 specting Parties to Suits in Equity, Lon., 1837, 8vo. 
 
 ""It exhibits no acquaintance either with practice of Equity 
 drawing, or the modes of reasoning which a knowledge of its 
 principles would suggest." 1 Jurist, 138. 
 
 Observations on Proceedings in Equity as to Joint Stock 
 Companies, with suggestions, Lon., 1842, 8vo. 
 
 " A brief and able pamphlet upon a subject of acknowledged 
 difficulty ." 5 Jurist, 186. 
 
 Calvert, George, Lord Baltimore, 1582F-1632, 
 founder of the Province of Maryland, M. P. for Oxford, 
 and Privy Counsellor to James I. 1. Carmen Funebre in 
 D. Hen. Utonum ad Gallos bis Legatum, ibique nuper fato 
 Functum, Oxon., 1596, 4to. 2. Speeches in Parliament. 
 3. Various letters of State. 4. The Answer of Tom Tell- 
 Truth. 5. The Practice of Princes. 6. The Lamentation 
 of the Kirk, 1642, 4to. 
 
 Respecting this worthy nobleman, and the early history 
 of Maryland, see Biog. Brit. ; Athen. Oxon. ; Park's Wai- 
 pole's R. & N. Authors : Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. 
 
 Calvert, George Henry, a great-grandson of Lord 
 Baltimore, was b. in Prince George's county, Maryland, 
 Jan. 2, 1803. 1. Illustrations of Phrenology, Bait., 1832. 
 
 2. A Volume from the Life of Herbert Barclay, Bait, 1835. 
 
 3. Schiller's Don Carlos, translated, Bait., 1836. 4. Count 
 Julian ; a Tragedy, Bait., 1840. 5. Cabiro ; Two Cantos, 
 Bait., 1840. 6. Correspondence between Schiller and 
 Goethe, translated, N.Y., 1845. 7. Scenes and Thoughts 
 in Europe, 1st Series, N. York, 1846 ; 2d Series, N. York, 
 1852. 
 
 " This is a book after our own heart, fresh, animated, vigorous, 
 and independent." N. P. WILLIS. 
 
 Also highly commended by H. T. Tuckerman. 
 
 8. Poems, Bost., 1847. 9. Oration on the Fortieth Anni 
 versary of the Battle of Lake Erie, delivered at Newport, 
 R.I., Sept. 1853, Camb., 1853, 8vo. A valuable contribu 
 tion. See Duyckincks' Cyc. Amer. Lit. 10. Comedies, 
 Bost., 1856, 12mo. 11. Social Science; a Discourse, in 
 3 Parts, N.Y., 1856, 12mo. Also contributed many valu 
 able articles to the North American and other Reviews. 
 
 " Mr. Calvert is a scholar of refined tastes and susceptibilities, 
 educated in the school of Goethe, who looks upon the world, at 
 home and abroad, in the light not merely of genial and ingenious 
 reflection, but with an eye of philosophical practical improve 
 ment." Literary World. 
 
 Calvert, James, d. 1698, a Nonconformist divine, 
 educated at Clare Hall, Cambridge, a native of York, pub. 
 a work on the Ten Tribes : Naphthali, seu Collectatio Theo- 
 logica, de reditu decem tribuum, conversione, et mensibus 
 Ezekielis, Lon., 1672, 4to. 
 
 Calvert, John. The Psalter and Canticles in the 
 Morning and Evening Services of the Church of England, 
 Lon., 1844. Anthems, 1844. 
 
 " Mr. Calvert's manual, with appropriate prefetory remarks, is a 
 further acquisition to those who delight in chanting." Church 
 Magazitte. 
 
 Calvert, Sir Pet. Speech rel. to Mrs. Inglefield, 1781. 
 
 Calvert, Robert, M.D. Reflections on Fever, Lon., 
 1815, 8vo. Treatise on Haemorrhoides, 8vo. 
 
 Calvert, Thomas, 1606-1679, uncle of James Cal 
 vert, and Vicar of Trinity, York. Mel Coeli, on Isaiah 
 liii. 1657, 4to. The Blessed Jew of Morocco, 1648, 8vo. 
 Three Sermons, 1660. Heart Salve for a Wounded Soul, 
 &c., 1675, 12mo. 
 
 Cam, Joseph, M.D. Med. treatises, 1729, '31, 8vo. 
 
 Cam, T. C., surgeon. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1805. 
 
 Cambden, John. Funeral serm., 1714, 8vo. 
 
 Cambel, Lord of Lome. Speech, Lon., 1641, fol. 
 
 Cambrensis. See BARRY, GIRALD. 
 
 Cambridge, Richard Owen, 1717-1802, was en 
 tered a gentleman commoner of St. John's College, Oxford, 
 in 1734; became a member of Lincoln's Inn, 1737, and in 
 1741 was married to Miss Trenchard. About 1750 he re 
 moved to Twickenham, where he resided in his beautiful 
 villa for the remainder of his life. The Scribleriad ; an 
 heroic Poem, in six books, Lon., 1751, 4to. The parodies 
 in this poem upon well-known passages of Virgil and other 
 classical poets have been much admired. False taste and 
 pretended science are freely exposed. 
 
 The Dialogue between a Member of Parliament and his 
 Servant, 1752. The Intruder; a Poem, 1754, 4to. War 
 in India between the English and French in the Coroman- 
 del, 1750, '60, '61, 4to. 
 
 "Valuable for its accuracy and authenticity." LOWNDES. 
 
 This was intended to have been continued on an exten 
 sive scale, partly by means of Mr. Orme's papers, but the 
 project was abandoned in consequence of Mr. Orme's pre 
 paration of his valuable History, pub. 1763-78, 3 vols. 4to. 
 Mr. Cambridge wrote 21 of the best papers in the periodi 
 cal called The World. Works, [excepting the War in In 
 dia,] with Life and Character, by his son the Rev. George 
 Owen Cambridge, 1803, 4to. Mr. Cambridge entertained 
 the literary stars of his day at his hospitable villa at 
 Twickenham. 
 
 Camden, Lord, Arguments of, Lon., 1776, 4to; and 
 see Supplement vol. of Hargrave's State Trials. 
 
 Camden, William, 1551-1623, " The British Pau- 
 sanias," was a native of London, a son of Sampson Cam 
 den, a house-painter, who had removed from Lichfield to 
 the metropolis. His mother was of the ancient family of 
 the Curwens of Workington, in Cumberland. He received 
 the rudiments of education in Christ's Hospital and St. 
 Paul's school, and in his 15th year was admitted a servitor 
 in Magdalen College, Oxford. Failing to obtain a demi's 
 place here, he removed to Broadgate's Hall, now Pembroke 
 College. He was unsuccessful as a candidate for a Fel 
 lowship in All Souls' College, and in 1570 failed in ob 
 taining the degree of A.B. This, however, was conferred 
 upon him in 1573. In 1575 he was appointed second mas 
 ter of Westminster school, and in 1593 was advanced to 
 the post of head master. From the troublesome, though 
 honourable, duties pertaining to this office he was relieved 
 in 1597, when, by the interest of Sir Fulke Greville, he 
 was appointed to the office of Clarencieux King-at-Arms. 
 He was now enabled to pursue those antiquarian pursuits 
 by extensive peregrination through England and diligent 
 study of records the results of which have conferred so 
 much celebrity upon his name. After ten years of inde 
 fatigable industry he pub. 1586, in Latin, 8vo, the first 
 edition of the Britannia. The title retained in all the 
 editions was as follows : Britannia, sive Florentissimorum 
 Regnorum Anglise, Scotiae, Hibernise, et Insulatum adja- 
 centium, ex intima Antiquitate, Chorographica Descriptio, 
 2d edit., 1587, 12mo; 3d, 1590; 4th, 1594, 4to; 5th, 1600; 
 6th and last edit., corrected by the author, 1607, fol. ; the 
 1st edit, with Maps. As the work passed from one edition 
 to another, enlargements, corrections, and improvements 
 were made. The 4th edit., 1594, was attacked by Ralph 
 Brooke, who was answered in the Apology to the Reader in 
 the 5th edit. Brooke again took up the cudgels ; but of 
 this controversy we have already treated under Ralph 
 Brooke. In 1610 the Britannia was trans, by Philemon 
 Holland, who is supposed to have consulted the author, 
 which impression confers great credit upon this version. 
 The best edit, is that of 1637, fol. In 1695 Bishop Gibson 
 trans. The Britannia into English, with large additions at 
 the end of each county and Holland's most material notes 
 at the bottom of each page. The names of Bishop Gib 
 son s coadjutors in this labour will be found in the Censura 
 Literaria. This trans, was reprinted in 1753, 2 vols. fol., 
 and again in 1772, 2 vols. fol., with some corrections and 
 improvements from his lordship's MS. in his own copy. 
 A first vol. of a trans, by William Oldys was printed in 
 4to, but Mr. Gough thinks was never finished nor dated. 
 The last and most complete trans, of this great work waa 
 
CAM 
 
 CAM 
 
 pub. in 1789, (enlarged,) 3 vols. fol., by Richard Gough, 
 an antiquary of great learning. Mr. Gough superintended 
 the first vol. of a new edit., but in 1806 declined proceed 
 ing with his labours. He announced this determination 
 to the papers, that no improper use might be made of his 
 name. The work, however, was completed in 4 vols. fol., 
 1806, and is sold for about the same price as the other im 
 pression, say 7. Dr. Bliss suggests that the University 
 of Oxford, to which Gough bequeathed his collections re 
 lating to British Topography, should pub. a new edit, of 
 the Britannia. Lirizaeus pub. a Latin abridgment of the 
 original work, 1617, 12mo; 2d edit., 1639, 12mo; Amst., 
 1648, fol. An edit, by Bleau in French, with maps en 
 graved by Speed, was pub., Amst., 1662, fol. An abridgt. 
 of the original by Charles Blackwell appeared, Lon., 1701, 
 2 vols. 8vo; with addits., 1728, 2 vols. fol. 
 
 The value of the Britannia can hardly be over-rated : 
 
 "The glory of this queen's reign, as well as her successor's, and 
 the prince of our English antiquaries, was Mr. Camden, whose life 
 has been written at large by Dr. Smith, Mr. Wood, and Dr. Gibson. 
 So that I need not here mention any of its particulars. His Bri 
 tannia is the book which chiefly respects the subject of this chap 
 ter; and may honestly be stiled the common sun, whereat our 
 modern writers have all lighted their little torches." BISHOP Ni- 
 COLSON : English Hist. Library, chap. i. 
 
 The work, even in its first and imperfect edition, was 
 declared to be " an honour to its author, and the glory of 
 his country." He was encouraged by that which was of 
 more value than mere public commendation the applause 
 of the learned in matters of antiquarian research. We 
 give a specimen : 
 
 " I thank you most heartily, good Mr. Camden, for the use of 
 these books of yours, since they deliver many things that are not, so 
 ikr as I do know, elsewhere to be had, and the same no less learnedly 
 picked out than delicately uttered and written." Letter from 
 William, Lambard, the famous Kentish antiquary, July 9, 1585. 
 
 " Hearne in one of his MS. Diaries in the Bodleian, (vol. Ixv. pp. 
 115, 116,) says, * There is in the Ashmolean Museum amongst Mr. 
 Ashmole's books, a very lair folio Manuscript, handsomely bound, 
 containing an English translation of Mr. Camden's Britannia by 
 Richard Knolles, the same that writ the History of the Turks. 
 This book was found lock'd up in a box, in Mr. Camden's study, 
 after his death. Mr. Camden set a great value upon it. I suppose 
 it was presented by the author to Mr. Camden.' This volume is 
 now the MS. Ashmole, 849." 
 
 We quote an account of a most desirable copy adver 
 tised lately by Mr. Geo. Willis, London : 
 
 Camden's Britannia, translated and enlarged by Gough 
 and Nichols. Last edition, illustrated with about 3000 
 additional portraits, engravings, maps, <fcc., in 15 vols. 
 royal folio, uncut, 16 16., 1806. 
 
 " A valuable and very extensive collection of Portraits and Plates, 
 to illustrate this work, collected from the antiquarian publications 
 of Pennant, J. T. Smith, S. R. Meyrick, Views of Antiquities, Cas 
 tles, Abbeys, Churches, Ac., by Sandby, Storer, Greig, Allom, &c. 
 Portraits by Vertue, Lombert, Lely, (including Richardson's Col 
 lection,) Cuttings and Selections from topographical and historical 
 works, &c." 
 
 In 1597 he pub. his Greek Grammar for the use of West 
 minster school, which when D. Smith pub. his life, in 1691, 
 had gone through forty impressions. It was superseded 
 at Westminster about 1650, by Busby's Grammar. In 
 1600 he gave to the world a description of the monuments 
 in Westminster Abbey Reges Reginse Nobiles, etc.; re 
 printed with additions in 1603 and 1606, 4to. In 1603 
 appeared his collection of Historians Asser, Walsingham, 
 De la More, Cambrensis, <fcc., Franck., fol. From these 
 writers he had intended to compile a civil history of Great 
 Britain, but abandoned the project. The article "Nor 
 man" is a part of the proposed work. In 1605 he pub. 
 Remaines of a greater work concerning Britain, <fcc., fol. ; 
 and 1614, 1627, 1629, 1635, 4to ; 6th edit, enlarged by Sir 
 John Phillpot and W. D., 1637, 4to; 7th edit., 1674, 8vo. 
 This is a collection of fragments illustrative of the habits, 
 manners, and customs of the ancient Britons and Saxons. 
 At the desire of James I. he drew up, in Latin, an account 
 of the Gunpowder plot, Actio in Henricum Garnetum 
 Societatis Jesuiticae, etc., 1607, 4to. 
 
 " Performed with great accuracy, elegance, and spirit." 
 It was immediately condemned by the Inquisition. His 
 attached friend and patron, Lord Burleigh, had in 1597, a 
 year before his death, urged Camden to compile a history 
 of the reign of Elizabeth. His lordship had carefully 
 noted the events and actors of the time, and his informa 
 tion and literary records were of invaluable assistance to 
 the historian. Camden completed the first part of his task 
 extending to 1589, in 1615, when it was pub. under the 
 title of Annales rerum Anglicarum et Hibernicarum reg- 
 nante Elizabetha ad an.salutis, 1589, fol. We can readily 
 imagine the difficulty under which a historian laboured 
 who could only publish his MS. after inspection by one 
 occupying the position to Mary of Scotland and Elizabeth 
 330 
 
 of England which was held by James I. The royal war 
 rant for the publication of part first empowered Camden 
 to publish " so much of the History of England in Latin 
 as we have perused," &c. 
 
 " Some objections were made with respect to the account he has 
 given of the unfortunate Mary, Queen of Scots, as if he had been 
 biassed therein, from a complaisance for her son, who was his 
 sovereign: but there does not appear any just ground for these 
 suggestions : much less for what has been asserted, that his work 
 was altered or castrated, and that it did not appear to the world 
 as it fell originally from his pen." Biog. Brit. 
 
 However innocent Camden may have felt of cause for 
 any just censure, he doubtless was conscious that he was 
 placed in a position which no historian should occupy ; 
 and that he had erred in publishing his work under such 
 circumstances. He intrusted a copy of the original MS. 
 of the second portion to his friend Mr. Dupuy, who was 
 ordered to publish it after the historian's decease. The 
 trust was discharged. It was first printed at Leyden, 
 1625, 8vo; and again at London, 1627, fol.; Leyden, 1639, 
 8vo; an English trans, by Thomas Brown, Lon., 1628, 
 4to; in English, 1635, fol.; Latin, Lugd. Bat,, 1639, 8vo; 
 London, 1675, fol. ; the same, Amst., 1677, 8vo; in Eng 
 lish, Lon., 1688, fol.; best edit, by Hearne, from Dr. 
 Smith's copy, corrected by Camden's own hand, collated 
 with a MS. in Rawlinson's library, Oxf v 1717, 3 vols. 8vo; 
 and see Kennet's Collection, ii., 1706. 
 
 " The method is clear and plain, judiciously laid down, and 
 constantly pursued, with equal accuracy, skill, and attention. 
 The style is grave, and suited to the majesty of the history, never 
 swelling into a false sublime, or sinking even in the relation of 
 the smallest circumstances, but even and elegant throughout, 
 free from any mixture of affectation, and from a vain and needless 
 ostentation of learning: no way deficient in necessary circum 
 stances, never loaded with tedious or trifling particularities, but 
 proceeding in so just and equal a manner that the attention of 
 the reader is continually retained, and never embarrassed by any 
 ambiguity or doubtfulness of expression." Biog. Brit. 
 
 " A most exquisite history." BISHOP NICOLSON : English Hist. 
 Library. 
 
 " Camden's Annals of Elizabeth and Bacon's Hist, of Henry 
 VII. are the only two Lives of the Sovereigns of England which 
 come up to the dignity of the subject, either in fulness of matter 
 or beauty of composition." SELDEN. 
 
 The reader will be pleased to know the opinion of Mr. 
 Hume : 
 
 " Camden's History of Queen Elizabeth may be esteemed good 
 composition, both for style and matter. It is written with simpli 
 city of expression, very rare in that age, and with a regard to 
 truth. It would not, perhaps, be too much to affirm that it is 
 among the best historical productions which have yet been com 
 posed by any Englishman. It is well known that the English 
 have not much excelled in that kind of literature." Hist, of Eng. 
 
 Dr. Robertson protests against Camden's version of 
 Scottish affairs under Queen Mary as more inaccurate than 
 any which has come down to us. Doubtless the historian 
 was placed in circumstances calculated to cause him to fa 
 vour the character of Elizabeth. Annales Jacobi Reges, 
 1603-23, Lon., 1691, 4to; in English, see Kennet's Collec 
 tion. Epistola cum Appendice varii argumenti, Lon., 
 1691, 4to. Description of Scotland, Edin., 1695, 8vo. 
 Antiquities and Office of Herald in England, Oxf., 1720, 
 8vo. Ipsius et illustrium Virorum, &c., Lon., 1691, 4to. 
 Camden also wrote some poems, epitaphs, and antiquarian 
 essays. Vide Hearne's Collection, <fcc. The name of 
 Camden is, undoubtedly, one of the most distinguished 
 which adorns the English annals. 
 
 " The high reputation his writings acquired him amongst fo 
 reigners, is, at the same time, a tribute to his merit, and to the 
 glory of this nation, which owes to few of her worthies !n the Re 
 public of Letters more than to him, whose fame extended through 
 out Europe, and yet escaped the rage of critics wherever it came. 
 This was certainly owing, in a great measure, to the sweetness and 
 candour of his temper, which so qualified his learning, that in 
 foreign nations all were ready to commend, and none cared to dis 
 pute with him." Biog. Brit. 
 
 " In his writings he was candid and modest, in his conversation 
 easy and innocent, and in his whole life even and exemplary." 
 BISHOP GIBSON. See Life in Gough's Camden; Biog. Brit.; Life 
 by Smith; Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Camell, Robert. Three Serras., 1726, 8vo. 
 
 Camell, Thomas. 1. Reoindre to Churchyarde. 
 2. Answer to Goodman Chappel's Supplication, sine anno. 
 
 " These are two short poems, in an odd kind of metre, and un 
 couth spelling." 
 
 Camelli, G. J., D.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1698, 
 1703, '04 ; on natural history, medicine, and botany. 
 
 Camerarius, David, Presbyteri Scoti. De Statu 
 hominis veteris, Ac., Catalauni, 1627, 4to. 
 
 Camerarius, Gul. Selectae Disputationes Philoso 
 phies, Paris, 1630. Antiquitatis de novitate victorisc, 
 Fast., 1635, 4to. Scoticanae Ecclesise infantia, Paris, 
 1643, 4to. 
 
 Camerarius, Ja. De Scotorum Fortitudine, Ae., 
 Paris, 1631, 4to. Vide Bp. Nicolson's Scot. Hist Library. 
 
CAM 
 
 Cameron, Mrs., has pub. seventeen different works, 
 a number of which are intended for the benefit of children. 
 Addresses to Children on the Beatitudes, 18mo. Marten 
 and his Scholars, 18mo. Fruits of Education, 12mo. 
 Englishwomen, Lon., 1841, 12mo. The Farmer's Daugh- 
 
 " We welcome in this little Tolume a valuable addition to the 
 excellent series of Tale* for the People and their Children. The 
 story conveys high moral truths in a most attractive form. 
 Hunt's Magazine. 
 
 Cameron, Alexander. Letter to Rev. Dr. Smith, 
 on his Life of St. Columba, 1798, 8vo. 
 
 Cameron, C. R. Theological treatises, 1809, '10. 
 Cameron, Charles. Baths of the Romans, Lon., 
 1772, imp. fol., with plates. A splendid work. 
 
 Cameron, Duncan, and Wm. Norwood. North 
 Carolina Conference Court Cases, Raleigh, 1805, Svo; 2d 
 ed., with Taylor's N. Carolina Reports, with Notes and 
 References, by Wm. Battle, Raleigh, 1844, Svo. 
 
 Cameron, Ewin. Fingal of Ossian in verse, 1777, 4to. 
 Cameron, Lieut. Col. G. Poulett, C.B., K.T.S. 
 Adventures in Georgia, Circassia, and Russia, Lon^ 1845, 
 2 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 " In the agreeable shape of a narrative of personal adventure, 
 Colonel Cameron has given an extremely entertaining account of 
 his residence among the Don Cossacks, the inhabitants of the Cau 
 casus, and of his travels in various portions of the Russian domi 
 nions, and of the Emperor Nicholas and his military resources." 
 Lon. New Montfily Mag. 
 
 Cameron, John, elected Bishop of Glasgow, 1426. 
 Canons, in MS. in Bibliotheca Harl., 4631 ; vol. i. 47. 
 
 Cameron, John, 1580?-1625, a Scotch divine of 
 great learning, was professor of Greek at the University 
 of Glasgow at the age of 20, and afterwards taught Latin, 
 Greek, and Divinity, at Bordeaux, Sedan, Saumur, and 
 Montauban. Myrothecium Evangelicum, Geneva, 1632, 
 4to. Praelectiones in selectiora quaedam loca Novi Testa 
 ment!, Ac., Salmurii, 1626-28, 3 vols. 4to. Other works. 
 For notices of editions, see Orme's Bibl. Bib. , 
 
 " The most learned man Scotland ever produced." BISHOP HALL. 
 Such extravagance is in bad taste: who is to decide 
 who is the most learned man in any country, in any age ? 
 The terms so current, of the most learned, or most polite, 
 or the best, or the wittiest, or the greatest, man, or the 
 handsomest woman and, indeed, all superlatives are 
 shocking vulgarisms, which cannot be too carefully es 
 chewed. 
 
 " Cameron was a subtle theologian, who displayed much critical 
 acumen in the interpretation of the Scriptures." DR. McCRiE. 
 
 " He spoke and wrote Greek as if it were his mother tongue." 
 DR. J. PYE SMITH. 
 
 Cameron, John. The Messiah, in 9 Books, 1770, Svo, 
 Cameron, Julia M. Leonora; from the German of 
 Burger, with illust. by Maclise, Lon., 1846, c. 4to. 
 " Maclise revels in the illustrations." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 Cameron, Thos., M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1747 
 Cameron, William. The French Revolution, Edin., 
 1802, Svo. 
 
 Camficld, Ben j. Theological treatises, Lon., 1 658-85 
 His Discourse of Angels and their Ministries, 1678, Svo 
 has been highly commended. 
 
 " The subject here undertaken to be treated upon is certainly 
 very high and noble in itself, and exceedingly useful for us to be 
 acquainted withal. I have read it over to my great satisfaction 
 and edification." GEO. HAMMOM>. , 
 
 Camneld, Francis. Serm., Lon., 1694, Svo. 
 Camlan, Goronva. Lays from the Cymbric Lyre 
 Lon., 1846, 12mo. 
 
 " For sincerity of purpose, for the enthusiasm of the writer, 
 
 and for the erudition and ability which support that enthusiasm 
 
 the volume deserves well at the hands of the public." Lon. Critic 
 
 Campbell, Miss. Poems, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 Campbell, A., M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 1785. 
 
 Campbell, A. C. Apologise Ecclesiae Anglicanse 
 
 from Bp. Jewel, 1812, 12mo; in Greek, by Smith, 1812 
 
 12mo; in English, 1813, Svo. Trans, of the Law of Natun 
 
 and Nations, from Grotius, 1814, 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 Campbell, A. D. 1. Grammar of the Teloogo o 
 Gentoo Language. 2. Dictionary of ditto, Madras, 1816 
 '21. 4to. 
 
 Campbell, Alexander. Sequel to Bulkeley an( 
 Cummin's Voyage to the South Seas, Lon., 1747, Svo. i 
 Chain of Philosophical Reasoning in proof of the existenc 
 of a Supreme Being, 1754, Svo. 
 
 Campbell, Alexander. History of Dover Castle 
 Lon., 1786, 4to; a trans, from the Latin MS. of Rev. W 
 Darell. 
 
 Campbell, Alexander. An Examination of Lor 
 Bolingbroke's Letters on History, (anon. ;) 2d edit., Lon 
 1753, 12mo. 
 
 CAM 
 
 Campbell, Alexander. An Introduction to the His- 
 ory of Poetry in Scotland, Edin., 1799, 4to. 
 
 " A valuable work, containing much interesting matter in a mis- 
 .ellaneous form." PARK. 
 
 A Journey from Edinburgh through parts of North 
 Britain, Lon., 1802, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 "This work unites pleasure, information, and instruction, while 
 t exhibits a model to the tourist. The physical, moral, political, 
 eli"-ious. and literary state of the Scotch Metropolis is here truly 
 inhibited." 
 
 Other works. 
 
 Campbell, Alexander. Political tracts, 1806-17. 
 
 Campbell, Alexander. History of Leith, Leith, 
 1824, Svo. 
 
 Campbell, Rev. Alexander, b. 1788, at Shaw s 
 Castle, county of Antrim, Ireland, during many years a 
 resident in America, has written and edited the following 
 works: Christian Baptist; 7 vols., from 1823 to 1829, both 
 nclusive. Millennial Harbinger, now (1855) in its 26th 
 7ol. ; 1st No. pub. Jan., 1830. Christian System. Chris 
 tian Baptism. Christian Hymn Book. Infidelity refuted 
 ay Infidels. New translation of the New Testament; 
 Pocket and Family editions, with prefaces, <fcc. Debates 
 with Walker, McCalla, Owen, Purcell, and Rice. The 
 Debate between Robert Owen, Esq., and Alexander Camp 
 bell, as to the respective merits of Socialism and Chris 
 tianity, Lon., Svo. 
 
 " With an acute, vigorous mind, quick, perceptions, and rapid 
 powers of combination, Mr. Campbell sorely puzzled his antagonist, 
 ind at the same time both delighted and instructed his audience, 
 by his masterly defence of the truth, divine origin, and inestimable 
 importance of Christianity." Cincinnati Chronicle. 
 
 Campbell, Archibald, Marquis of Argyle, 1598- 
 1661. Speeches, Letters, Answers, &c. connected with his 
 political life and trial for High Treason; pub. Lon., 1641, 
 , '48, '52, '61. Instructions to a Son, Lon., 1689, 12mo. 
 Campbell, Hon. Archibald, a Scotch Prelate, con 
 secrated 1711, at Dundee, wrote several theological works. 
 The Doctrines of a Middle State between Death and the 
 Resurrection ; of Prayers for the Dead, <fcc., Lon., 1713, fol. 
 
 " All Christians believe in a middle state ; but Bishop Campbell's 
 
 iews are so like popery, though he very earnestly disavows it, 
 that very few it is presumed out of Rome will be found to espouse 
 them." ORME. 
 
 " A learned work, tending to Romanism, but with useful sug 
 gestion S." BlC KERSTETH. 
 
 The Necessity of Revelation, Lon., 1739, Svo. Recom 
 mended by Bishop Van Mildert, 
 
 Campbell, Archibald, D.D., Regius Professor of 
 Divinity and Eccles. Hist., University of "St. Andrew's. The 
 Authenticity of the Gospel History Justified, Edin., 1759, 
 2 vols. Svo. Other theolog. treatises. 
 
 Campbell, Archibald. Lexephoras, Lon., 1767, 
 12mo. Sale of Authors, in imit. of Lucian's Sale of Phi 
 losophers, 1767, 12mo. 
 
 Campbell, Archibald. A Voyage round the World, 
 1806-12, Edin., 1816, Svo. 
 
 " He has detailed many interesting particulars of the manners 
 and customs of the Sandwich Islanders." 
 
 Campbell, Maj. Calder. The Palmer's Last Les 
 son, and other poems, Lon., 12mo, 1838. Rough Notes of 
 Rambles Abroad, 3 vols. p. Svo, 1847. Winter Nights; a 
 Novel, 3 vols. p. Svo, 1850. The poetry of Major Campbell 
 has been deservedly admired. 
 
 Campbell, Charles. Traveller's Guide through Bel 
 gium, Holland, and Germany, 1815, 12mo. 
 
 Campbell, Charles, son of John Wilson Campbell, 
 born 1807, at Petersburg, Va., grad. Princeton Coll., 1825. 
 The Bland Papers, Svo, 1840. Introduction to the History 
 of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia, Svo, 
 Richmond, 1847. 
 
 " This is a succinct outline of the History of Virginia from the 
 first discovery and settlement to the surrender of Lord Cornwallis 
 at Yorktown in 1781." 
 
 Con. to Southern Lit. Messenger from its commencement. 
 Campbell, JLady Charlotte. See BURY. 
 Campbell, Colin, d. 1734. Harris's Voyages, en 
 larged, Lon., 1715, 2 vols. fol. Vitruvius Britannicus, Lon., 
 1715, '17, '26, '67, '71; by C. C., and Wolfe, and Gandon. 
 Hist, of the Balearic Islands, 1719, Svo. Con. to Phil. 
 Trans., 1734. 
 
 Campbell, D. Forbes. Trans, of Thiers's History 
 of the Consulate, and the Empire of France under Napo 
 leon, Lon., 1845, Ac., 8 vols. Svo. Also trans, by Redhead 
 and Stapleton. Thiers's Hist, of the Revolution has been 
 trans, by Redhead and Shoberl. 
 
 Campbell, David, M.D. Typhus Fever, Lancaster, 
 1785, Svo. 
 
 Campbell, Donald, (Carpenter, Stephen Cul- 
 len, q. v.) A Journey Overland to India, 1795, 4to. 
 "It abounds with natural reflections, and contains the travels 
 
CAM 
 
 of the writer's mind, together with his bodily peregrinations." 
 Lon. Monthly Review, 1795. 
 
 Letter to the Marquis of Lon. on the Present Times, 
 1798, 8vo. 
 
 Campbell, Dorothea Primrose, a native of Ler- 
 wiek, Shetland Islands. Poems, Inverness, 1810, 8vo. Miss 
 C. made the acquaintance of Sir Walter Scott during his 
 visit to the Northern Isles. He encouraged her literary 
 aspirations, and she pub. the above volume, which is dedi 
 cated to Sir Walter. 
 
 Campbell, Duncan. Time's Telescope, Lon., 1734, 
 8vo. The Earth's Groans, 1755, 8vo. De Foe pub. in 1720, 
 8vo, The Life and Adventures of Duncan Campbell; and 
 Eliza Haywood pub. in 1725, 8vo, A Collection of Stories 
 relating to Duncan Campbell. 
 
 Campbell, G. L. Expedition to St. Augustine, 1744; 
 this was Gen. Oglethorpe's expedition. 
 
 Campbell, George John Douglas, Duke of Ar 
 gyll, b. 1823, a warm advocate of the principles of the 
 Church of Scotland, pub. when 19 years of age, A Letter 
 to the Peers, from a Peer's Son ; this relates to the cele 
 brated Auchterarder Case, which led to the disruption of 
 the Church of Scotland. In 1848 his Grace pub. Presby 
 tery Examined, in which he reviews the Ecclesiastical His 
 tory of Scotland since the Reformation. His Grace is a 
 man of extensive attainments, and labours zealously for 
 the advancement of science and literature. 
 
 Campbell, George, D.D., 1719-1796, a native of 
 Aberdeen, studied at Marischal College, and afterwards 
 applied himself to the study of Law. Preferring Divinity, 
 he qualified himself for examination, and in 1746 received 
 his license from the Presbytery of Aberdeen as a proba 
 tioner; Pastor of Banchory-Ternan, 1750; Minister at 
 Aberdeen, 1756; Principal of Marischal College, 1759. 
 Dr. Campbell was a man of distinguished learning and 
 abilities. 
 
 A Dissertation on Miracles, containing an examination 
 of the principles advanced by David Hume, <fec., Edin., 
 1762, 8vo; 1766, '97, 1812, '23, Ac. Trans, into French, 
 Dutch, and German. 
 
 " It contains a most masterly defence of the evidence arising 
 from miracles, of the nature of the testimony by which they are 
 supported, and of the miracles of the Gospel themselves. He com 
 pletely unravelled the web which the ingenious adversary of Chris 
 tianity [Hume] had woven, for the purpose of entangling its 
 friends ; and did every thing but extort an acknowledgment from 
 him that he was beaten with his own weapons." ORME. 
 
 " An able answer to Hume's Essay on Miracles." BICKERSTETH 
 " Richly deserving repeated perusal : in it the most daring and 
 subtle objections of infidels are analysed, detected, and exposed, 
 in an interesting and masterly manner." DR. y. WILLIAMS. 
 
 Philosophy of Rhetoric, Lon.. 1776, i vols. 8vo: 7th 
 edit, 1823, 8vo. 
 
 " Its utility is equal to its depth and originality : the philosopher 
 finds in it exercise for his ingenuity, and the student may safely 
 consult it for its practical suggestions and illustrations." 
 
 The Four Gospels, trans, from the Greek ; with Disser 
 tations and Notes Critical and Explanatory, Lon., 1790, 2 
 yols. 4to; 1807, 2 vols. 8vo; 3d edit, Aberdeen, 1814, 4 
 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " A real treasure of theological learning, exact criticism, and 
 sound divinity; it has given me more information in regard to 
 Scriptural knowledge than all the other books I ever read." 
 SEATTLE. 
 
 " It is impossible to bestow too high commendation on this valu 
 able work. It is perhaps one of the best specimens of a translation 
 of the Scriptures in any language. To accurate and extensive 
 learning, Dr. Campbell united great natural acuteness, and deep 
 
 philosophical penetration His sentiments on doctrinal subjects 
 
 rarely appear; in which respect, the work is very different from 
 that of his contemporary, Macknight, to whom he was very supe 
 rior in acuteness, candour, and originality." ORME. 
 
 The notes which accompany it form an excellent philological 
 commentary on the four Evangelists; and the Dissertations are a 
 treasure ot sacred criticism." T. H. HORNE. 
 
 Ve I7 v ? lu ? ble work for critical purposes." BICKERSTETH. 
 -D? E l! wSSSj infonnation in the st ? le of judicious criticism." 
 
 Lon?, C 180 e 7 8 8 n v j rsfcematic Theology and Pulpit Eloquence, 
 ' to theolo l students.-DE. E. 
 
 " Much important criticism." ORME. 
 " Many excellent observations." BICKERSTETH. 
 Lectures on Ecclesiastical History, Ac., Lon 1800 
 vo; 1813, 2 vols. 8vo ; Aberdeen, 1815, 2 vols. 8vo' Lon 
 
 V V 'm B ^ hop , ^ k T ne , r answe red this work in his 
 __jitive Truth and Order Vindicated, Lon., 1803 8vo 
 1 It discovers profound and accurate research, independence and 
 impartiality, and contains more of the philosophy of Church H 1k- 
 tory than any other book in the English language Considering 
 the subject, it is a more entertaining book than might have S 
 expected." ORME. 
 
 " Neither Campbell nor Jortin embrace a regular series of facts 
 332 
 
 CAM 
 
 but point out the prominent parts and circumstances of the general 
 subjects, with interesting remarks." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 Lectures on the Pastoral Character; edited bv J. Frazer 
 Lon., 1811, 8vo. 
 
 " Worthy of the pen which produced the Essay on the Miracles." 
 
 IjOWNDES. 
 
 Dr. C. also pub. a number of Sermons, 1752, '71, '76 
 '77, '79. Works pub. in 6 vols. 8vo, 1840. 
 
 The writings of Professor Campbell, though not distinguished 
 for a rich exhibition of the grace of the gospel, are manifestly the 
 works 01 an upright, conscientious man." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 " Had Campbell devoted his attention to mental philosophy he 
 could have done all that Reid or Stewart has accomplished " 
 j ROBERT HALL. 
 
 Campbell, Geo., of Stockbridge. Serms., Edin., 1816. 
 
 Campbell, Hector, M.D. Med. and Polit works, 
 Lon., 1809, '10, '13. 
 
 Campbell, Sir Hugh. The Lord's Prayer, Edin., 
 1709, 8vo. 
 
 Campbell, Hugh, LL.D. The Case Mary Q. of Scots. 
 I Ac., from the State Papers, <fcc., Lon., 1825, 8vo. 
 
 Campbell, Ivie. Con. to Med. Com., 1785. 
 
 Campbell, J.Trade to Turkey and Italy,Lon.,l 734,4vo. 
 
 Campbell, J.,M.D. Letter to his Friend,Lon.,1746,8vo. 
 
 Campbell, Jacob, 1760-1788, b. in Rhode Island. 
 Political Essays. 
 
 Campbell, James. Modern Faulconry, Edin., 1773, 
 8vo. The introduction was written by Rev. Alex. Gillies 
 to ridicule Monboddo's work on language. 
 
 " The account of hawking is fabulous." 
 
 Campbell, John. See MACURE, JOHN. 
 
 Campbell, John, Earl of London, Lord-Chan 
 cellor of Scotland. Speeches pub. 1641, '45, '46, '48. 
 
 Campbell, John, Lord, b. 1779, at Springfield, 
 Fifeshire, Scotland, was educated at St. Andrew's, and 
 called to the Bar by the Society of Lincoln's Inn in 1806. 
 He became Q.C. in 1824; Solicitor General and a Knight 
 Bachelor, 1834; Attorney-General, 1834; Lord Chancellor 
 of Ireland, 1841. On the retirement of Lord Denham he 
 was made Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench. In politics 
 his lordship is a Whig. Reports, Nisi Prius, 1807-16, Lon., 
 1809-16, 4 vols. r. 8vo. These volumes should accompany 
 Espinasse's Reports, 1793-1811, 6 vols. 8vo. The Reports 
 are continued by Starkie, Ryan, and Moody. Campbell's 
 Reports have a high reputation. They were repub. in 
 New York, 1810-21, 4 vols. 8vo. Letter to Lord Stanley, 
 Lon., 1837, 8vo. Speeches at the Bar and House of Commons, 
 8vo, 1842. Lives of the Lord Chancellors and Keepers of 
 the Great Seal of England, Lon., 1845-48, 7 vols. 8vo; 4th 
 ed., 1857, 10 vols. cr. 8vo. 
 
 "A work of sterling merit, one of very great labour, of richly- 
 diversified interest, and, we are satisfied, of lasting value and esti 
 mation. W T e doubt if there be half a dozen living men who could 
 produce a Biographical Series on such a scale at all likely to com 
 mand so much applause from the candid among the learned as well 
 as from the curious of the laity." Lon. Quar. Rev., Dec. 1847. 
 
 " Lord Campbell has rendered a very acceptable service, not only 
 
 to the legal profession, but to the history of the country, by the 
 
 preparation of this important and elaborate work." Lon. Law Rev. 
 
 "I need scarcely advise every reader to consult Lord Campbell's 
 
 excellent work." LORD MACAULAY. 
 
 Lives of the Chief-Justices of England, Lon., 1849, 2 
 vols. 8vo, vol. iii., 1857. See Edin. Rev., Oct. 1857. 
 
 " In the Lives of the Chief Justices there is a fund both of in 
 teresting information and valuable matter, which renders the book 
 well worthy of perusal by every one who desires to attain an ac 
 quaintance with the constitutional history of his country, or as 
 pires to the rank of either a statesman or a lawyer." Britannia. 
 
 "There is, indeed, in Lord Campbell's works much instruction; 
 his subjects have been so happily selected, that it was scarcely 
 possible that there should not be. An eminent lawyer and states 
 man could not write the lives of great statesmen and lawyers 
 without interweaving curious information, and suggesting valu 
 able principles of judgment, and useful practical maxims; but it 
 is not for these that his works will be read. Their principal merit 
 is their easy, animated flow of interesting narrative. No one pos 
 sesses better than Lord Campbell the art of telling a story ; of 
 passing over what is commonplace ; of merely suggesting what 
 may be inferred ; of explaining what is obscure, and of placing in 
 strong light the details of what is interesting." Edin. Review. 
 
 Campbell, John, LL.D., 1708-1775, a native ->f 
 Edinburgh, was a voluminous Historical, Biographical, 
 and Political writer. We notice a few of his works, a list 
 of which will be found in Watt's Bibl. Brit. Military 
 Hist of Prince Eugene and the Duke of Marlborough, 
 Lon., 1736, 2 vols. fol. Lives of British Admirals and 
 other eminent Seamen, Lon., 1742-44, 4 vols. 8vo ; 3 edits, 
 in the author's lifetime ; 4th edit, with a continuation by 
 Dr. Berkenhout to 1779, 8 vols. r. 8vo ; continued by H. 
 R. Yorke and W. Stevenson, (to 1812,) Lon., 1812-17, 8 
 vols. r. 8vo. Severely criticized in the United Service 
 Journal, 1842, '43. Voyages and travels, from Columbus 
 to Anson, Lon., 1744, 2 vols. fol. This is a great improve- 
 
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 ment on Harris's Collection, 1702, '05, 8vo. The Present 
 State of Europe, 1750, 8vo ; many edits. Highlands of 
 Scotland, 1751, 8vo. New Sugar Islands in the West In 
 dies, 8vo. Trade of Great Britain to America, 1772, 4to. 
 A Political Survey of Great Britain, Lon.,1774, 2 vols. r.4to. 
 
 "A most judicious and most useful work." Eibliotheca Parria.no.. 
 
 " This is a work of inestimable value to those who wish to un 
 derstand the best means of promoting the prosperity of their native 
 country." Keifs Introduc. to Useful Books. 
 
 " It disappointed the public, nor can it be considered as a safe 
 guide in affording that knowledge its title would assume." 
 
 "This is a work of great labour and research; but it is ill ar 
 ranged, overlaid with details, tedious, and of little practical value." 
 McCullocKs Lit. of Polit. Economy. 
 
 Dr. C. was a large and valuable contributor to the An 
 cient Universal History. See Boswell's Life of Johnson, 
 The Modern Universal History, and the Biographia Bri- 
 tannica. 
 
 " I think highly of Campbell. In the first place, he has very 
 good parts. In the second place, he has very extensive reading; 
 not, perhaps, what is properly called learning, but history, politics, 
 and, in short, that popular knowledge which makes a man very 
 useful." DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 Campbell, John. History of the Old Testament, 
 1731, 2 vols. fol. 
 
 " I have applied myself so closely to this history of the Penta 
 teuch, as, in sixteen months, not to have stirred more than a hun 
 dred yards from home, above ten times at most." Preface. 
 
 Campbell, Rev. John, 1766-1840, b. in Edinburgh. 
 He was the founder and for eighteen years the editor 
 of The Youth's Magazine. In 1823 he established the 
 Teacher's Offering, which is still pub. by the London Tract 
 Society. Travels in South Africa, undertaken at the re 
 quest of the Missionary Society, 1815, 8vo. Second Jour 
 ney, 1822, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Campbell, by his Travels, has considerably enlarged the 
 sphere of our knowledge of Southern Africa." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 " Campbell penetrated further than La Trobe or Lichtenstein, and 
 discovered some populous tribes and large towns. La Trobe' s is 
 the most interesting narrative." STEVENSON. 
 
 Campbell was the first to penetrate beyond Lattakoo, 
 the capital of the Boshuana tribe of the Matchapins. He 
 pub. some other works. Life, Times, and Miss. Enter 
 prises of Rev. John Campbell, by Robert Philip, Lon., 
 1841, 8vo. 
 
 Campbell, John. Worlds Displayed; for Young 
 People. 
 
 "Twenty years ago I had met with eight ministers, and more 
 ministers' wives, who had been converted by reading that book." 
 Author's MS. 
 
 Campbell, John, D.D. Jethro ; Essay on Lay Agency, 
 p. 8vo. The Martyr of Erromanga ; or the Philosophy of 
 Missions ; illustrated from the Labours, Death, and Cha 
 racter of the late Rev. John Williams, 2d edit., Lon., 1842, 
 12mo; 3d ed., 1843, 8vo. 
 
 " Never before has Missionary enterprise been placed in such a 
 variety of commanding and all-absorbing aspects." ion. Evangel. 
 Mag. 
 
 Memoirs of Daniel Nasmith. 
 
 " We wish the book a place in every library, in every family, in 
 every heart." Glasgow Examiner. 
 
 Campbell, John, of Carbrook. Letter to Sir Henry 
 Parnel, on the Corn Laws, 1814. Con. to Ann. Philos., on 
 the Tide; Vegetables; Vision, 1814, '16, '17. Observa 
 tions on Modern Education, Edin., 1823, 12mo. 
 
 Campbell, John. The Stafford Peerage,Lon.,1818,4to. 
 
 Campbell, John P., d. 1814, aged 46, a minister at 
 Chillicothe, Ohio. Doctrine of Justification Considered. 
 Strictures on Stone's Letters, 1805. Vindex, in answer to 
 Stone's Reply, 1806. He left a MS. History of the Western 
 Country. 
 
 Campbell, John Wilson, b. in Virginia. For thirty 
 years a bookseller in Petersburg, Va. History of Vir 
 ginia, 1813. 
 
 Campbell, Juliet H. L., a daughter of Judge Lewis 
 of Pennsylvania, and a native of that State, was married 
 in 1843 to Mr. James H. Campbell. She resides in Potts- 
 ville, Pennsylvania. She gave early indications of poetical 
 talent, and has contributed many pieces both in prose and 
 verse to periodicals. The stanzas entitled A Story of Sun 
 rise possess considerable merit. 
 
 Campbell, Lawrence Dundas. India Observer, 
 Ac. See BOYD, HUGH. Reply to the Strictures of the 
 Edin. Review relative to Marquis Wellesley's administra 
 tion, Ac., Lon., 1807. Asiatic Annual Register, 1809, 8 vols. 
 
 Campbell, Peter. Forms of Procedure in a Process 
 of Cessio Bonorum, 2d edit., Edin., 1837, 12mo. 
 
 " Particularly valuable for the decisions under the Insolvent 
 Debtor's Act." 
 
 ' No practitioner ought to be without this little Manual, and to 
 the trading community at large it will be found of great advan- 
 tege." Perth Advertiser. 
 
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 Campbell, R. London Tradesman, Lon., 1747, 8vo. 
 
 Campbell, Robert. Life of the Duke of Argyle, 
 Lon., 1745. 
 
 Campbell, Robert. Con. to Phil. Trans., account of 
 a man who lived 18 years on water, 1742. 
 
 Campbell, Thomas, LL.D. Survey of the South 
 of Ireland, 1777, 8vo. Sermon, 1780, 4to. Strictures on 
 the Ecclesiastical and Literary History of Ireland, Dubl., 
 1789, 8vo. 
 
 " A well written and ingenious work." 
 
 Campbell, Thomas, 1777-1844, a native of Glasgow, 
 was educated at the University of that city, where he was 
 distinguished for his proficiency in classical studies. In 
 1799 he pub. The Pleasures of Hope, Edin., 12mo, dedi 
 cated to Dr. Anderson. Four editions were called for 
 within a year. He had sold the copyright to Mr. Mundell 
 for 21, but the generous bookseller gave the author 50 
 for each succeeding edition. Campbell now visited the 
 Continent, and from the monastery of St. Jacob witnessed 
 the battle of Hohenlinden, Dec. 3, 1800. He has com 
 memorated the dreadful spectacle in lines which will never 
 be forgotten. At Hamburg, in 1801, he composed The 
 Exile of Erin, and Ye Mariners of England. Returning 
 home, he resided for upwards of a year in Edinburgh, 
 where he wrote Lochiel's Warning, which Sir Walter Scott 
 heard read, read it himself, and then repeated the whole 
 from memory. In 1803 he pub. in London an edition of 
 his poems in 4to. In this year he was married to Miss 
 Martha Sinclair, of Edinburgh, and settled at Sydenham, 
 in Kent. In 1806 he pub. Annals of Great Britain from 
 the Accession of George III. to the Peace of Amiens. In 
 1805 his means had been increased by a pension of 200 
 per annum. In 1809 appeared Gertrude of Wyoming, a 
 Pennsylvanian Tale, (and other Poems,) which confirmed 
 his poetical reputation. In 1818 he again visited Germany. 
 In 1819 he pub. his Specimens of the British Poets, with 
 biographical and critical notices, and an Essay on English 
 Poetry, 7 vols. 8vo ; 1841, '45, '48. 
 
 " In the Biographies, the Editor has exerted the main part of 
 his strength on the Merits and Writings of each Poei&s&n Author, 
 with an intention to form A COMPLETE BOOT OF ENGLISH POETICAL 
 CRITICISM." 
 
 " Rich in exquisite examples of English Poetry, and suggestions 
 of delightful thoughts beyond any volume in the language." 
 Lon. Atlas. 
 
 ' We are very glad to see Mr. Campbell in any way, and we 
 think the work which he has now given us very excellent and de 
 lightful." Edin. Review. 
 
 The Selections however are not the beat "Specimens" of 
 the authors. From 1810-20 he edited The New Monthly 
 Magazine, to which he contributed many beautiful poems : 
 of these, perhaps, The Last Man has been most admired. 
 In 1820 he delivered a course of Lectures on Poetry at 
 the Surrey Institution. In 1824 appeared Theodoric and 
 other Poems. In 1827 he was elected Lord Rector of the 
 University of Glasgow. The dignified Lord Rector com 
 menced his duties as follows : 
 
 " It was deep snow when he reached the College-green, the stu 
 dents were drawn up in parties, pelting one another : the poet ran 
 into the ranks, threw several snow-balls with unerring aim, then 
 summoning the scholars around him in the hall, delivered a speech 
 replete with philosophy and eloquence. It is needless to say how 
 it was received." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM. 
 
 In 1830 he started the Metropolitan Magazine, to 
 which Thomas Moore occasionally contributed. It subse 
 quently fell into the hands of Captain Marryat. In 1834 
 he pub. the Life of Mrs. Siddons, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 In his letters from the South, 1837, 2 vols. 8vo, or A 
 Poet's Residence in Algiers, 1845, 2 vols. 8vo, originally 
 pub. in The New Monthly Magazine, we have an enter 
 taining picture of scenes which produced a deep impression 
 on the writer. 
 
 " These admirable letters furnish us with by far the most inte 
 resting and picturesque sketches of Algiers and the adjacent dis 
 tricts that we have yet met with." Lon. Sun. 
 
 " A most remarkable and interesting book." John Bull. 
 
 The Life and Times of Petrarch, 2 vols. Svo, 1841. 
 
 " The standard life of Petrarch. The fortunes and career of the 
 poet are traced with admirable distinctness ; his devoted passion 
 for Laura is finely developed and characterized ; and his poetical 
 character is analyzed and estimated with all the power of a kindred 
 genius. This' work must take its place in our libraries as one of 
 the most interesting and important historical works of our time." 
 Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 "The standard work of reference, to which after ages will appeal." 
 Court Journal. 
 
 Frederick the Great, his Court and Times, 4 vols. Svo, 
 1843 ; new edition, 2 vols. 8vo, 1844. Ed. by T. C. 
 
 "This work, which has the honour of being introduced to the 
 world by the author of Hohenlinden, is not unworthy of so dis 
 tinguished a chaperon. It is an exceedingly amusing compilation." 
 T. B. MACACLAY. 
 
 " These Memoirs are of peculiar value in the light they throw 
 
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 on the condition and fortunes of the masses over whom Frederick 
 ruled." Lon. Alhenceum. 
 
 " This ' Life of Frederick the Great' will become a standard work 
 in the libraries of England." Scotsman. 
 
 The Pilgrim of Glencoe, and other poems, 1842. A 
 Life of Shakspeare. In 1843 Mr. Campbell visited Bou 
 logne, accompanied by his niece, for the benefit of his 
 health, and resided there until his death, June 15th, 1844. 
 He lies in Westminster Abbey. His friend Dr. William 
 Beattie was with him in the "inevitable hour," and has fa 
 voured the world with his life and letters, 3 vols. p. 8vo,1848. 
 " The Pleasures of Hope, a poem dear to every reader/* poetry, 
 bore, amidst many beauties, the marks of a juvenile composition, 
 and received from the public the indulgence due to a promise of 
 future excellence. Some license was also allowed for the didactic 
 nature of the subject, which, prescribing no formal plan, left the 
 poet free to indulge his fancy in excursions as irregular as they 
 are elegant and animated. It is a consequence of both these cir 
 cumstances that the poem presents in some degree the appearance 
 of an unfinished picture. . . . The merits and defects of Gertrude 
 of Wyoming have this marked singularity, that the latter intrude 
 upon us at the very first reading, whereas, after repeated perusals, 
 we perceive beauties which had previously escaped our notice." 
 Lon. Quarterly Review, i. 241. 
 
 " We rejoice to see once more a polished and pathetic poem in 
 the old style of English pathos and poetry. This [Gertrude of 
 Wyoming] is of the pitch of the Castle of Indolence, and the finer 
 parts of Spenser ; with more feeling, in many places, than the first, 
 and more condensation and diligent finishing than the latter. If 
 the true tone of nature be not everywhere maintained, it gives 
 place, at least, to art only, and not to affectation and, least of all, 
 to affectation of singularity or rudeness. . . . There are but two 
 noble sorts of poetry the pathetic, and the sublime ; and we think 
 he has given us very extraordinary proofs of his talents for both." 
 LORD JEFFREY : Edin. Review, xiv. 1. 
 
 " I do not think I overrate the merits of the ' Pleasures of Hope,' 
 whether taking it in its parts, or as a whole, in preferring it to any 
 didactic poem of equal length in the English language. No poet, 
 at such an age, ever produced such an exquisite specimen of poeti 
 cal mastery that is, of fine conception and of high art combined. 
 Sentiments tender, energetic, impassioned, eloquent and majestic, 
 are conveyed to the reader in the tones of a music forever varied 
 sinking or swelling like the harmonies of an .ZEolian lyre yet ever 
 delightful; and these are illustrated by pictures from romance, 
 history, or domestic life, replete with power and beauty. It is a 
 long fit of inspiration a checkered melody of transcendent excel 
 lence ; passage after passage presenting only an ever-varying and 
 varied tissue of whatever is beautiful and sublime in the soul of 
 men and the aspects of nature. . . . The greatest effort of Camp 
 bell's genius, however, was his ' Gertrude of Wyoming,' nor is it 
 ever likely to be excelled in its own peculiar style of excellence. 
 It is superior to ' The Pleasures of Hope' in the only one thing in 
 which that poem could be surpassed purity of diction ; while in 
 pathos, and in imaginative power, it is no whit inferior." Moir's 
 Poet. Lit. of Past Half-Century. 
 
 " The Pleasures of Hope is one of the most beautiful didactic 
 poems in our language." LORD BYRON. 
 
 Much disappointment was felt that Campbell did not 
 give more to the world than the few compositions which 
 evinced the possession of such exalted poetical genius. 
 
 " What a pity it is," said Sir Walter Scott to Washington Irving, 
 "that Campbell does not write oftener, and give full sweep to his 
 genius ! He has wings that would bear him to the skies, and he 
 does, now and then, spread them grandly, but folds them up again 
 and resumes his perch, as if he was afraid to launch them. The 
 fact is, Campbell is, in a manner, a bugbear to himself; the bright 
 ness of his early success is a detriment to all his after efforts. He 
 is afraid of the shadow that his own fame cast before him." 
 
 Campbell, William, D.D. Serm., Belfast, 1774, 
 8vo. Vindication of the Presbyterians in Ireland, 3d edit., 
 Lon., 1786, 8vo. Exam, of the Bp. of Cloyne's Defence of 
 his Principles, 1788, 8vo. 
 
 Campbell, William. Value of Annuities, 1810, 8vo. 
 Campbell, William, 12 years resident in India as 
 a missionary. British India, in its Relation to the De 
 cline of Hindooism, and the Progress of Christianity, 
 Lon., 8vo, 1839. 
 
 " The Bangalore missionary has produced a volume of extraor 
 dinary interest." ion. Patriot. 
 
 "A volume of great interest and worth." Watchman. 
 Campbell, William W., b. 1806, Cherry Valley, 
 Otsego county, New York. His ancestors settled there in 
 1740, and some of them took an active part in the Old 
 French and Revolutionary Wars. Judge C. grad. at Union 
 College, 1827. 1. Border Wars of New York; or, Annals of 
 Tryon County, N.Y., 1831, 8vo; new ed., revised, entitled 
 Border Warfare, N.Y., 1849, 12mo. 2. Life and Writings 
 of De Witt Clinton, 1849, 8vo. 3. Sketches of Robin 
 Hood and Captain Kidd, 1853, 12mo. 4. Life of Mrs. 
 Grant, Missionary to Persia, 1840, 12mo. 
 
 Campion, Abraham, entered of Trinity College 
 Oxford, about 1656. Sermons, 1694, 1700. 
 
 Campion, or Campian, Edmond, 1540-1581, a 
 zealous champion of the Roman Catholic religion, was 
 hanged and quartered with other Romish priests for high 
 treason. Nine Articles directed to the Lords of the Privy 
 Council, 1581. The History of Ireland ; pub. by Sir James 
 Ware, Dubl., 1633, fol. See Bp. Nicolson's Irish Hist. Lib 
 334 
 
 Chronologia Universalis. Conferences in the Tower, 
 1583, 4to. Rationes decem, &c. 1581. See Campbell's 
 Ten Reasons for embracing the Catholic Faith, by the Rev. 
 Dr. Fletcher, 8vo. Imitatione Rhetorica, 1631. Other 
 works. See Lowndes's Bib. Manual. 
 
 His life was written by Paul Bombino, a Jesuit : best 
 edit., Mantua, 1620, 8vo. 
 
 " He was a rare dark, upright in conscience, deep in judgment, 
 and ripe in eloquence." R. STAINHURST. 
 
 " All writers, whether Protestant or Popish, say that he was a 
 man of most admirable parts, an elegant orator, a subtle phi 
 losopher and disputant, and an exact preacher, whether in Eng 
 lish or Latin tongue, of a sweet disposition, and a well-polished 
 man." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 " He was detected in treasonable practices ; and, being put to 
 the rack, and confessing his guilt, he was publicly executed. His 
 execution was ordered at the very time when the Duke of Anjou 
 was in England, and prosecuted with the greatest appearance of 
 success, his marriage with the queen ; and this Severity was pro 
 bably intended to appease her Protestant subjects, and to satisfy 
 them that, whatever measures she might pursue, she never would 
 depart from the principles of the Reformation." HUME. 
 
 Campion, Thomas, styled by his contemporaries, 
 for his musical and poetical talents, " Sweet Maister Cam 
 pion," appears to have been admitted a member of Gray's 
 Inn in 1586. We have no particulars of his life or family. 
 Observations on the Art of English Poesie. This gave 
 rise to Daniel's Defence of Rhyme. Relation of the Enter 
 tainment made for Queen Anne, Lon., 1613, 4to. Masque, 
 Lon., 1614, 4lo. Other pieces. 
 
 Camplin, John. Sermons, 1766, '77, 4to. 
 
 Canaries, James, of Selkirk. Discourses, 1684, '88. 
 
 Canceller, James. Theolog. treatises, 1576, <fec. 
 
 Candidius, George. Account of the Island of For 
 mosa : See Churchill's Voyages, i. 503, 1704. 
 
 Candidus. See WHITE, THOMAS. 
 
 Candish, Thomas. Itinerarium Indicam, Francf., 
 1599, fol. Diaphonta, or Three Attendants on Fiat Lux, 
 1665, 8vo. Account of Dr. Stillingfleet's late Book against 
 -the Church of Rome, 1672, Svo. 
 
 Candlish, Robert S., a popular Scotch preacher, 
 and one of the leaders of the " Non-intrusion" party at 
 the time of the division of the Scottish Church, has pub. a 
 Summary of the Question respecting the Church of Scot 
 land, Ac., Edin., 1841, Svo, pp. 32. Narrative, <fcc., 8vo, 
 pp. 40. Exposition of the Book of Genesis, Edin., 1852, 
 2 vols. 12mo. The Cross of Christ. Scripture Characters, 
 <fec. 4 Letters to Rev. E. B. Elliot. John Knox, his Times 
 and his Works; a Discourse, 1846. 
 
 " We can very cordially commend this discourse as one of inte 
 rest and excellence." Universe. 
 
 Cane, Henry. Hort. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1720. 
 
 Cane, John Vincent, d. 1672, a Friar of the order 
 of St. Francis, lived principally in London. Fiat Lux, 
 1661, Svo; 2d edit, enlarged, 1662, Svo. 
 
 " The inference to be drawn from its miscellaneous discussions 
 is, that the only remedy for all existing evils and differences is 
 returning to the bosom of an infallible church. Kome alone is 
 terra firma, and all is sea beside." Orme's Life of Oiven. 
 
 Answered by Dr. John Owen, Lon., 1662, and by Dr. 
 Whitby, Oxon., 1666. The Diaphonta of Thomas Cand 
 ish, noticed above, was elicited by Fiat Lux. 
 
 Caner, Henry, 1700-1792, a minister at King's Cha 
 pel, Boston, graduated at Yale College, 1724; he pub. 
 several sermons, 1751, '58, '61, '63, '64, '65. 
 
 Canfield, Francesca Anna, 1803-1S23, a native 
 of Philadelphia, was a daughter of Dr. Felix Pascalis, an 
 Italian physician. She was distinguished for her know 
 ledge of languages, and the excellence of her poetical 
 pieces, many of which were pub. in the periodicals. See 
 Griswold's Female Poets of America. 
 
 Canfield, Henry Judson, b. 1789 in Conn. Trea 
 tise on Sheep. Contrib. to Ohio Cultivator, Amer. Agri 
 culturist, <fec. 
 
 Canham, P. Serm., 1711, 4to. 
 
 Caiine, John, a leader of the English Brownists at 
 Amsterdam. Necessity of Separation from the Church 
 of England, Lon., 1634, fol. He pub. other works, but is 
 best known by his edition of the Bible with marginal 
 notes, showing Scripture to be the best Interpreter of 
 Scripture, Amst., 1664, Svo; very rare; often reprinted. 
 The Edin. edit, 1727, Svo, is preferred by some. 
 
 " The marginal references of Canne are generally very judicious. 
 They still retain a considerable reputation, though most of the 
 latter editions which pass under the name of Canne's Bible are 
 full of errors, and crowded with references which do not belong to 
 the original author. Canne wrote a number of controversial 
 pieces, some of which are very curious, and all of them exceed 
 ingly scarce." ORME. 
 
 Canne, John. Evangelical Hist, of the Bible, Lon., 
 1766. 
 
 Cannell, Joseph. Serm., 1708, 4to. 
 
CAN 
 
 CAP 
 
 Canning, George, of the Middle Temple, d. 1771, 
 father of the Rt. Hon. George Canning. A Trans, of Anti- 
 Lucretius, Lon., 1766, 4to. Poems, 1767, 4to. 
 
 "\Ve form no very favourable opinion of this translation; we 
 find a want of precision; we observe a diffusiveness in the ex 
 pression, which rather enfeebles than illustrates the author, and 
 gives him a redundancy of sentiment with which he is not charge 
 able. . . . The introductory address in the volume of Poems has. 
 in our opinion, much poetical merit." Lon. Monthly Review, 1767. 
 
 Appeal to the Public from the Critical Review, 1767, 
 8vo. Offering to a Young Lady from her Lover, 1770, 4to. 
 
 Canning, George, 1770-1827, the son of the pre 
 ceding, was only one year old when his father died of a 
 broken heart, after unavailing efforts to procure a comfort 
 able livelihood. Mrs. Canning established a small school, 
 and subsequently tried her fortune on the stage, where she 
 was not successful. George was educated at Eton, and at 
 Christ Church, Oxford, and distinguished himself by his 
 application and uncommon talents. In 1793 he entered 
 Parliament, as member for Newport in the Isle of Wight, 
 and in 1796 was appointed under Secretary of State. 
 When the Marquis of Hastings was recalled from India, 
 Canning was appointed Governor General ; but the death 
 of the Marquis of Londonderry, August 12, 1822, altered 
 this arrangement, and Mr. Canning was appointed Secre 
 tary for Foreign Affairs. He was actively engaged in pub 
 lic life for nearly 34 years, 11 of which were spent in con 
 nection with Mr. Pitt. As an orator Mr. Canning's abilities 
 were of the first order. 
 
 " Among our own orators Mr. Canning seems to be the best mo 
 del of the adorned style. In some qualities of style he surpassed 
 Mr. Pitt. His diction was more various, sometimes more simple, 
 more idiomatical, even in its more elevated parts. It sparkled 
 with imagery, and was brightened by illustration; in both of 
 which Mr. Pitt, for so great an orator, was defective." SIR JAMES 
 MACKINTOSH. 
 
 His Speeches, revised and corrected by himself, with a 
 Memoir of his Life, by R. Therry, have been pub. in 
 6 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1828. 
 
 " A work which is destined to convey to posterity the remains 
 of his splendid talents as an orator; to exhibit his principles as a 
 statesman ; and to shew with what energy and success he carried 
 those principles into execution as a Minister of the Crown." Mr. 
 Huskisson's Letter. 
 
 " An excellent and valuable edition of Mr. Canning's Speeches." 
 Lon. Times. 
 
 " It is the noblest literary memorial that can be preserved of 
 him." Lon. Literary Qazette. 
 
 Messrs. Bell, Styles, and Rede have each pub. a Life of 
 Mr. Canning, and one has been given to the world by his 
 private secretary, Mr. Stapleton. 
 
 " A book which ought to be in everybody's hands who wishes 
 to understand the foreign policy of this country from 1822 to 
 1827." Lon. Times. 
 
 His famous speech on the Silk Trade in 1826 will be 
 found in a volume of the speeches made on that subject, 
 pub. Lon., 1826, Svo. In his 15th year, whilst at Eton, 
 he established a periodical for the scholars, entitled The 
 Microcosm, which he edited, and to which he contributed 
 some remarkable papers signed B. In 1797, in conjunc 
 tion with George Ellis, Frere, and others, he started The 
 Anti-Jacobin, which was edited by Gifford. In this pe 
 riodical the Whigs were sorely berated by the choicest en 
 gines of raillery and.satire. Canning's parodies on Southey 
 and Darwin, the Knife Grinder, and the Song of Rogero, 
 are examples of his rare powers of style and humour. 
 His Lines on the Death of his eldest Son present a touch 
 ing picture of a father's grief. The Poetry of the Anti- 
 Jacobin has been collected into one volume. A second 
 enlarged edition was pub. in 1854, with Explanatory Notes 
 by C. Edmonds. Again, 1858: see Lon. Quar Rev 
 Edin. Rev., July, 1858. 
 
 Lord Byron, Lord Jeffrey, Sir James Mackintosh, Thomas 
 Moore, and many others praised this collection as " one 
 of the wittiest books in the language." 
 
 " These sparkling gems of wit have stood the test of more than 
 half a century, and still their brilliancy is undimmed; nor, in 
 deed, is their lustre likely to be tarnished by age. Mr. Edmonds, 
 the editor, has acquitted himself ably of his task." Lon. New 
 Quart. Review. 
 
 " A model of political satire. The Needy Knife Grinder was a 
 joint production of Messrs. Frere and Canning, as was also the 
 masterly poem of New Morality, alluded to in Byron's English 
 Bards and Scotch Reviewers." THOMAS MOORE. 
 
 "The great literary reputation of the Anti-Jacobin, the inte 
 rest attaching to such well-known names as those of Canning, 
 Frere, Gifford, Wellesley, will induce the reader to glance with us 
 at their revived productions. We rather wonder that this book 
 waited so long for an intelligent and admiring editor. Mr. Charles 
 Edmonds comes forward at last, and is, indeed, the ' Old Mortality' 
 of Tory libellers." Westminster Review. 
 
 For interesting notices of Canning, in addition to the 
 works referred to above, see Lockh art's Life of Scott, 
 Goodrich's British Eloquence, and De Vere, or the Man 
 
 of Independence, where Canning is represented by "Went- 
 worth." 
 
 Canning, Richard. Serms., 1746, '47. 
 
 Canning, T. John Bull and his Bride, fcc.; a Poem, 
 1801, Svo. 
 
 Cannon, James Spencer, D.D., 1776-1852, from 
 1826-52 Prof, of Pastoral Theology, &c. in the Theol. Sem., 
 New Brunswick, and Prof. Metaphysics, <fcc. Rutgers Coll. 
 Lectures on Chronology, Svo. Lectures on Pastoral Theo 
 logy, N.Y., Svo : pub. after his decease. 
 
 Cannon, Nathaniel. Serms., 1613, '16. 
 
 Cannon, Robert, D.D. Serm., 1707. Publications 
 relative to the lower House of Convocation, 1712, '17, 8vo. 
 
 Cannon, T. Family Library; a Funeral Sermon, 
 Lon., Svo. 
 
 Canon, or Canonicus, John, by some called Mar- 
 fores, d. about 1340, an English Franciscan monk, studied 
 at Oxford and Paris. He was a pupil and imitator of 
 Duns Scotus. He returned to Oxford, and there taught 
 theology until his death. He was an able commentator 
 upon Aristotle, in Aristotelis Physica, lib. viii. ; printed 
 at St. Alban's, 1481, Svo; reprinted at Venice, 1481/87, 
 '92, and 1505, 4to ; to the edit, of 1492 some other trea 
 tises were added. 
 
 Cant. History of Perth, Perth, 1774, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Cant, Andrew, Bishop of Glasgow, d. 1728, was the 
 son of Andrew Cant, an Episcopal minister of Pitsligo, 
 from whose whining tone in the pulpit the term "cant" is 
 supposed to be derived. See The Spectator, No. 147 ; but 
 canto perhaps has better claim to the paternity. A Serm. 
 preached on the 30th of January, 1703, Edin., 1703, 4to. 
 
 Cantaeus, Andreas. Theses Philosophicse quas Ma- 
 reschallami Alumni, &c., publice propugnabunt,&c., Abred., 
 1658, 4to. 
 
 Cantillon, Philip, Merchant, of London. Analy 
 sis of Trade, Commerce, Coin, Bullion, <fcc., Lon., 1759, Svo. 
 
 "The author adopts several of the views of Hume, whose Poli 
 tical Essays were published in 1752. His principles are, for the 
 most part, liberal, and some of his speculations display consider 
 able ingenuity. He is one of the few writers to whom Smith has 
 referred." McOulloch's Lit. of Polit. Economy. 
 
 Canton, J. Alvar and Seraphina; a Novel, Lon., 
 1803, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Canton, John, 1718-1772, a physician, astronomer, 
 and natural philosopher, was a native of Stroud, Glouces 
 tershire. He was the first person in England, who, by 
 attracting the electric fire from the clouds during a thun 
 der storm, verified Dr. Franklin's hypothesis of the simi 
 larity of lightning and electricity. He was one of the 
 committee the others were Dr. Franklin, Mr. Delaval, 
 and Mr. Wilson appointed by the Royal Society in 1769, 
 to suggest a plan to the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's, 
 for the proper arrangement of electrical conductors to pre 
 serve that cathedral from damage by lightning. A num 
 ber of Mr. Canton's papers will be found in Phil. Trans., 
 1751, '59, and '62. 
 
 Canton, John. Telemachus in Blank Verse, 1778, 4to. 
 
 Cantova, Anthony. Voyage to Caroline Islands in 
 1696. See Callander's Voyages, iii. 23. 
 
 Cantrell, Henry. The Royal Martyr a true Chris 
 tian, Lou., 1716, Svo; relates to Charles I. 
 
 Cantwell, Andrew, M.D., d. 1761, trans, into French 
 Mrs. Stephens's Medicine, 1742; Sir Hans Sloane's Medi 
 cines for the Eyes, 1746. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1737. 
 
 Canvane, Peter, M.D. Oleum Palmse Christi, Lon., 
 1746, Svo. 
 
 Capadose, lit. Col. Sixteen Years in the West In 
 dies, Lon., 1845, 2 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 " These volumes form an agreeable pendant to Coleridge's de 
 lightful volume, [Six Months in the West Indies in 1825.] Cole 
 ridge presents us with a view of the past, Colonel Capadose of the 
 present." Lon. Naval and Military Gazette. 
 
 See also the Lon. Critic, the Spectator, and the Barba- 
 does Globe. 
 
 Capel, Arthur, Lord, a noble champion of Charles 
 I., beheaded in 1649. After his death was pub. his Daily 
 Observations or Meditations, 1654, 4to; afterwards pub. 
 under the title of Excellent Contemplations, <fec., 1683. 
 See Gent. Mag., 1757, for some of his stanzas written 
 when in the Tower. 
 
 " He trod the fatal stage with all the dignity ot valour and con 
 scious integrity." HORACE WALPOLE. 
 
 " He was a man that whoever shall, after him, deserve best of 
 the English nation, he can never think himself undervalued 
 when he shall hear that his courage, virtue, and fidelity, are laid 
 in the balance with, and compared to, that of the Lord Capel." 
 EARL OF CLARENDON. 
 
 Capel, Arthur, Earl of Essex, eldest son of the pre 
 ceding, d. 1638. Speech, 1680, fol. Letters and Histori 
 cal Account of his Life, 1770, 4to. 
 
CAP 
 
 CAR 
 
 Capel, Daniel, d. 1679. Tentamen Medicum de 
 Variolis, and some other tracts. 
 
 Capel, Richard, 1586-1656, father of the above, be 
 came a commoner of Alban Hall, Oxford, 1601, resigned 
 his rectory (refusing to publish the Book of Sports in 
 1633) and practised physic. Temptations, Lon., 1650, 8vo. 
 " A valuable experimental work." BICKERSTETH. 
 Apology against some Exceptions, 1659, 8vo. Remains, 
 1658, 8vo. 
 
 Capelin, Geo. The Christian's Combat, 1591, 8vo. 
 Capell, Brooke A. de. Travels through Sweden, 
 Norway, and Finmark to the North Cape, in 1820, Lon., 
 1823. 
 
 " A volume by no means destitute of interest or amusement, 
 written with the feelings and in the style of a gentleman." Lon. 
 Quarterly Review. 
 
 A Winter's Journey through Lapland and Sweden, Lon., 
 1826, 4to. 
 
 Capell, Edward, 1713-1781, a native of Suffolk, 
 distinguished himself by his critical labours upon the text 
 of Shakspeare. He tells us that as early as 1745 he was 
 shocked at the licentiousness (wildness) of Hanmer's plan, 
 and determined to prepare an edition " ex fide codicum." 
 He pub. in 1768, 10 vols. 8vo, an edition of his favourite 
 author, for which he received 300 from the bookseller. 
 
 " He appeared almost as lawless as any of his predecessors, vin 
 dicating his claim to public notice by his established reputation, 
 the authoritative air of his notes, and the shrewd observations, as 
 well as majesty, of his preface. . . . There is not among the vari 
 ous publications of the present literary acra a more singular com 
 position than that ' Introduction.' In style and manner it is more 
 obsolete, and antique, than the age of which it treats. It has 
 since been added to the prolegomena of Johnson and Steevens's 
 edition." Biog. Diet., 1798. 
 
 Capell announced in the title-page, 
 
 " Whereunto will be added, in some other volumes, notes, criti 
 cal and explanatory, and a body of various readings entire." 
 
 To these was to be added another work disclosing the 
 sources from which Shakspeare 
 
 " Drew the greater part of his knowledge in mythological and 
 classical matters, his fable, his history, and even the seeming pe 
 culiarities of language to which we have given for title, The 
 School of Shakspeare." 
 
 After the assiduous labour of forty years, Mr. Capell 
 died without seeing his great work in print, (a volume of 
 Notes and Readings had appeared in 1775, 4to;) it was 
 pub. by the care of Mr. Collins in 1783, 3 vols. 4to, en 
 titled Notes and Various Readings to Shakespeare. To 
 which is added The School of Shakespeare, <fcc. These 
 volumes contain much valuable matter. See Monthly Re 
 view and Critical Review. 
 
 He also pub. Prolusions, or Select Pieces of Ancient 
 Poetry, Lon., 1760, 8vo, and altered the Play of Antony 
 and Cleopatra as acted at Drury Lane in 1758. 
 
 " CapelPs text of Shakspeare, notwithstanding all which has 
 been achieved since his decease, is, perhaps, one of the purest ex 
 tant." Drake's Shakspeare and His Times. 
 
 " Mr. Capell I call the Patron of Shakspeare. They who are ac 
 quainted with his critical writings on Shakspeare, and his accu 
 rate researches into this species of antiquity, will not scruple with 
 me to pronounce him the FATHER OF ALL LEGITIMATE COMMENTARY 
 ON SHAKSPEARE." Pursuits of Literature. 
 
 Capen, Joseph, of Massachusetts, d. 1725, aged 66, 
 pub. about 1682 an Elegy on John Foster. 
 
 Capen, Nahum, b. 1804 at Canton, Mass. Biogra 
 phy of Dr. F. J. Gall. Edited his works translated from 
 the French, 6 vols. 12mo. Biography of Dr. J. G^Spurz- 
 heim, prefixed to his work on Physiognomy, 8vo. Prin 
 cipal editor of the Annals of Phrenology, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 Edited the writings of the Hon. Levi Woodbury, LL.D., 
 Boston, 1853, 3 vols. 8vo. Edited the Massachusetts State 
 Record from 1847 to 1851, 5 vols. He was among the 
 first to memorialize Congress on the subject of interna 
 tional copyright. A letter of his, printed by the U. S. 
 Senate, led to the organization of the Census Board at 
 Washington. He is the author of other works on History, 
 Political Economy, &c. 
 
 Capgravius, John, d. 1464. Nova Legenda, sive 
 vitae sanctorum Angliae, Lon., 1516. A beautiful speci 
 men of de Worde's press. Vita Henrici le Spenser, 
 Episc. Norwicensis. In Whartoni Angl. Sacr., torn. ii. 359! 
 A list of the liven in the Nova Legenda (Capgrave's 
 Lives of the Saints) will be found in Catal Lib MRS 
 Bibl. Cotton, p. 40, Tib. E. I., edit. 1802 
 
 Capp, Mary E. African Princess, and other Poems 
 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Cappe, Catherine, widow of Newcome, pub Me 
 moirs of her late husband in 1802, prefixed to his Critical 
 Remarks on Scripture, and some works on Charity Schools 
 &c., 1800, '05, '09, '14. Autobiography, 1822, 8vo. 
 Cappe, Newcome, 1732-1800, a Socinian minister, 
 
 pub. Serms. and Discourses, 1784, '95, '96, a Selection of 
 Psalms, and a Defence of Mr. Lindsey against Cooper, 
 and of Dr. Priestley against the Monthly Reviewers. 
 Some of his Discourses were pub. York, 1805, 8vo, and 
 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Eminent talents for pulpit eloquence, with a copious flow oj 
 strong and often beautiful expression." REV. W. WOOD. 
 
 " In our judgment the most eloquent sermon writer of modern 
 times." Lon. Monthly Repository. 
 
 His Critical Remarks on many important Passages of 
 Scripture were pub. with Memoirs of his life by Catherine 
 Cappe in 1802, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 A great part of his Critical Remarks turns upon points of con 
 troversy, and is at variance with the sentiments of Christians of 
 almost every denomination." DR. MALTBY. 
 
 "There is a great portion of very perverted ingenuity and 
 strained criticism. The reader will easily believe this, when I 
 mention that Mr. Cappe' s remarks were too free even for the 
 Monthly Reviewers." ORME. 
 
 Capper, Benj.Pits. Statistical Account of England, 
 1801, 8vo. The Imperial Calendar for 1808, 12mo. 
 Topog. Diet, of the United Kingdom, 1808, 8vo. 
 
 Capper, James. Passage to India, 1784. Cultiva 
 tion of Waste Lands, 1805. Tracts, 1809. Other works. 
 
 Capper, Louisa. Abridgt. of Locke's Essay on the 
 Human Understanding, 1811, 4to. 
 
 Capron, Elisha S., b. 1806 in N.Y., Counsellor-at- 
 Law. Hist, of California from its discovery to 1854. 
 
 Caradoc, or Caradog, d. about 1154, a native of 
 Llancarvan, in Wales, is said by Geoffrey of Monmouth 
 to have been engaged in a History of the Welsh Princes, 
 from the death of Cadwallader to the middle of the 12th 
 century. 
 
 " This work, which there can be no doubt was written in Latin, 
 appears to be now lost; except in a pretended Welsh version, 
 which has again been translated into English, and printed with a 
 continuation. How far this translation is a faithful representa 
 tive of Caradoc's history, we cannot determine without the origi 
 nal text. Pits states that in his time there was a copy of the ori 
 ginal in the library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge." Biog. 
 Brit. Lit. 
 
 Of translations, we have Humphrey Lloyd's, corrected, 
 &c. out of Records and Authors, by Daniel Powel, Lon., 
 1584, 4to; augmented and improved by W. Wynne, Lon., 
 1697, 8vo; reprinted, 1702, 8vo; new edit., with a De 
 scription of Wales, by Sir John Price, Lon., 1774, 8vo j 
 new edit., with Topographical Notices, by Richard Llwyd, 
 Shrewsbury, 1832, 8vo. Caradoc also wrote a short Life 
 of Gildas, which is extant. See articles Gildas and Cara 
 doc in Biog. Brit. Lit., and Gildas de Excidio Britanniae 
 recens, Jos. Stevenson, Lon., 1838, 8vo. Bale also ascribes 
 to him Commentaries on Merlin, and a book, De Situ Orbis. 
 
 Card, Henry. Historical and Theological works, 
 1801-14. Beauford, a novel. 
 
 Card, Henry, D.D., 1779-1844. Theological trea 
 tises, 1820, '25. 
 
 Card, William. Youths' Infallible Instructor, 1798. 
 
 Cardale, George. Sermon, 1755, 4to. 
 
 Cardale, Paul. Theolog. treatises, 1740, '61, '76, 8vo. 
 
 Cardale, R. The Righteous Man ; 2 discourses, 1761. 
 
 Cardell, John. Serms., 1647, '49, '50, 4to. 
 
 Cardell, William S., d. 1828, of New York, pub. a 
 grammar and several other educational works. 
 
 Carden, J. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1805. 
 
 Cardew, Cornelius, D.D. Serms., 1779, '96, '99. 
 
 Cardonnel, Adam de. Numismata Scotiae, Edin., 
 1786, 4to. Picturesque Antiquities of Scotland, Lon., 
 1788, 8vo and 4to. Intended as a supplement to Pen 
 nant's Tour in Scotland. 
 
 Cardwell, Edward, D.D. Documentary Annals 
 of the Reformed Church of England, 1574-1716, Oxf., 
 1839, 2 vols. 8vo.; new edit., 1844. History of Confer 
 ences, [rel. to C. Prayer Book,] 1558-1690, Oxf., 1840, 
 8vo ; 3d edit., 1849. Synodalia, Oxf., 1842, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Much curious and useful information." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Dr. Cardwell has pub. several other valuable works, 
 among which may be mentioned Lectures on the Coinage 
 of the Greeks and Romans, delivered in the University of 
 Oxford, Oxf., 1832, 8vo. 
 
 Care, George. Reply to " Religion and Liberty of 
 C.," 1685. 
 
 Care, Henry. Polit. and Theolog. works, 1673-1719. 
 
 Carel, John. 1. English Princess. 2. Sir Solomon, 
 1667, '71. 
 
 Careles, Careless, or Carelesse, John. Cer- 
 teyne Godley and Comfortable Letters [3] of the constant 
 Wytness of Christe, John Careless, Lon., 1566, 8vo; re 
 peatedly reprinted, and lately by the Lon. Tract Society : 
 v. British Reformers, in vol. ix. 
 
CAR 
 
 Careless, Franck, t. e. RICHARD HEAD, q. v. The 
 Floating Island, 1673, 4to. 
 
 Careless, Thomas. Serm., 1661, 4to. 
 
 Carew, Abel. Against Rome and Papal Supremacy, 
 fol. 
 
 Carew, Sir Alexander. Speech and Confession, 
 1644, 4to. 
 
 Carew, or Carey, Lady Elizabeth. Marian, the 
 Fair Queen of Jewry ; a Tragedy, Lon., 1613, 4to. Lang- 
 baine is so lost to gallantry as to remark 
 
 " For the Play itself, it is very well Pen'd, considering those 
 times and the Lady's' sex." Account of the English Dramatick 
 Poets, 1691. 
 
 We suspect although he does not say so that " The 
 Lady's Sex" was the female sex. Oldys, in his MS. com 
 ments upon Langbaine, supposes "her name should be 
 spelt Gary, and that she was the wife of Sir Henry Gary." 
 The Tragedy is forgotten, but the Chorus in Act the 4th, 
 Revenge of Injuries, embodies sentiments of Christian 
 morality which should never be out of date. 
 
 Carew, George, Earl of Totness, and Baron Carew, 
 of Clopton, President of Munster, 1557-1629, subdued a 
 formidable rebellion in Ireland, defeated the Spaniards on 
 their landing at Kinsale in 1601, and obliged them to 
 abandon their projects against Ireland. The following 
 work pub. by his natural son, Thomas Stafford, has been 
 ascribed to his lordship : Pacata Hibernia ; Ireland ap 
 peased and redvced, or an Historic of the late Warres of 
 Ireland, especially within the Province of Movnster, vnder 
 the Government of George Carew, Knight, &c., (1599- 
 1602,) Lon., 1633, fol. 
 
 " If any one takes the pains of looking into the preface, and 
 into p. 367, and other parts of Pacata Hibernia, he will be con 
 vinced that Carew was not the author of it ; but it was probably 
 compiled by his directions, to which he furnished the materials." 
 WALTER HARRIS : Ware's Ireland, iii. 329. 
 
 " This great and learned nobleman wrote other books relating 
 to the affairs of Ireland; forty-two volumes whereof are in the 
 Archbishop of Canterbury's library at Lambeth; and four volumes 
 more of collections from the originals, in the Cotton Library." 
 BISHOP NICOLSON : Irish Hist. Library. 
 
 Sir George translated from the French version, Maurice 
 Regan's Fragment of the History of Ireland. See Harris's 
 Hibernica, 1770. He also rendered into English The 
 Story of King Richard the Second, and Harris infers that 
 he drew up The Genealogy of the Fitzgeralds. 
 
 " He also made several collections, notes, and extracts for the 
 writing of the History of the Reign of K. Hen. V., which were re 
 mitted into the History of Great Britain, <c., published by Joh. 
 Speed." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 " He was a great patron of learning and lover of antiquities." 
 HORACE WALPOLE. 
 
 "His History of the Wars of Ireland, in which he was himself a 
 principal agent, is written with the unaffected openness and sin 
 cerity of a soldier." GRANGER. 
 
 Camden speaks of Carew with high respect, 
 
 " On account of his great love for antiquities, and for the light 
 
 he gave him into some of the affairs of Ireland." Vide Britannia, 
 
 and Park's Walpole's R. & N. Authors. 
 
 CareW, Sir George, second son of Thomas Carew, 
 Esq., was ambassador to the Court of France, and on his 
 return home, in 1609, drew up and addressed to James I., 
 A Relation of the State of France ; with the Characters of 
 Henry IV., and the Principal Persons of that Court. The 
 Earl of Hardwicke placed the MS. into the hands of Dr. 
 Birch, who pub. it with his Historical View of the Nego 
 tiations between the Courts of England, France, and Brus 
 sels, 1592-1617, Lon., 1749, 8vo. Gray, the poet, com 
 mends it as an excellent performance. See Mason's 
 Memoirs. 
 
 " It is a model upon which Embassadors may form and digest 
 their notions and representations." DR. BIRCH. 
 
 Carew, Geo., Administrator of Sir William Courten, 
 pub. some pieces relative to his estate, and some political 
 treatises, 1659-62. 
 
 Carew, Richard, 1555-1620, brother of Sir George, 
 the ambassador, pub. some translations from the Italian, 
 and wrote a True and Ready Way to learn the Latin 
 Tongue, but is best known by his excellent Survey of 
 Cornwall, Lon., 1602, 4to j again, in 1723 and 1769 ; but 
 the best edition is that of Francis, Lord De Dunstanville, 
 with additions, Lon., 1811, 4to. 
 
 " The survey of this county is so exactly taken by R. Carew, 
 Esquire, that there will be only occasion for posterity carefully to 
 continue a work so excellently begun; and to which Mr. Camden 
 acknowledges himself indebted for the chief light he had in these 
 parts." BISHOP NICOLSOX : Eng. Hist. Library. 
 
 " Although more Histories of Cornwall have been written than 
 of any other county, they are all wretched productions; and the 
 Survey of Carew remains beyond all comparison the most accurate 
 and satisfactory." LOWNDES. 
 
 Carew, Richard. Excellent Helps by a Warming 
 
 CAR 
 
 Stone, Lon., 1652, 4to. The Warming Stone first found 
 out, Ac., Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Carew, Thomas, b. about 1589, d. 1639, gentleman 
 of the Privy Chamber, and Sewer in Ordinary to Charles 
 I., studied at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. His life 
 was that of an accomplished courtier, dividing his time 
 between attendance on his royal master, amusement, and 
 the composition of many beautiful little poems, which are 
 sometimes highly censurable as partaking of the licentious 
 tone which disgraces so many of the writers of his period. 
 For this fault the author was sincerely penitent. Many 
 of his pieces were set to music by H. and W. Lawes, and 
 other composers, and published in his lifetime. Others 
 appeared after his death in a 12mo vol., 1640 ; again in 
 1642, '51, '70, '72; with notes by Thomas Davies, 1772, 
 12mo; a later edit. pub. at Edin., and a Selection by John 
 Fry of Bristol. 
 
 " A very insignificant performance." 
 
 Carew's Ccelum Britannicum, a Masque, was erroneously 
 ascribed to Sir William Davenant, and is in his works, 
 1673, fol. Carew was a great favourite both with his poet 
 ical brethren and the fashionable circles of the day. 
 
 " Carew's sonnets were more in request than any poet's of his 
 time, that is, between 1630 and 1640. They were many of them 
 set to music by the two famous composers, Henry and William 
 Lawes, and other eminent masters, and sung at court in. their 
 masques." Oldys's MS. notes on Langbaine. 
 
 Carew was one of the models upon which Pope formed 
 his style. The preceptor polished his lines with elaborate 
 care, for which he was gently rebuked by his friend, Sir 
 John Suckling: 
 
 " Tom Carew was next, hut he had a fault 
 That would not well stand with a laureat : 
 His muse was hide-bound, and the issue of 's brain 
 Was seldom brought forth but with trouble and pain." 
 
 Sessions of Poets, in Fragmenta aurea, or poems, Lon., 1648, 8vo. 
 
 " But this is not to be taken for the real Judgment of that Ex 
 cellent Poet : and he was too good a Judge of Wit to be ignorant 
 of Mr. Carew's Worth, and his Talent in Poetry, and had he 
 pleased, he could have said as much in his commendation as Sir 
 William d'Avenant in those Stanzas writ to him." Langbaine's 
 Dramatick Poetry. 
 
 " Thomas Carew, one of the favoured poets of his time for the 
 charming sweetness of his lyric odes and amorous sonnets. . . . 
 was untimely snatched away by death, in the prime of his years, 
 to the great reluctancy of many of his poetical acquaintances." 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 " He was reckoned among the chiefest of his time for delicacy 
 of wit and poetic fancy ; by the strength of which his extant poems 
 still maintain their fame amidst the curious of the present age." 
 PHILLIPS. 
 
 " He was a person of a pleasant and facetious wit, and made 
 many poems, (especially in the amorous way,) which for the sharp 
 ness of the fancy, and the elegance of the language in which that 
 fancy was spread, were at least equal, if not superior, to any of 
 that time. But his glory was, that after fifty years of his life spent 
 with less severity or exactness than it ought to have been, he died 
 with great remorse for that license, and with the greatest mani 
 festation of Christianity that his best friends could desire." EABI 
 OF CLARENDON. 
 
 " Elaborate and accurate." Lloyd's Worthies. 
 
 " An elegant and almost forgotten writer, whose poems deserve 
 to be revived." BISHOP PERCY. 
 
 " Carew has the ease without the pedantry of Waller, and per 
 haps less conceit. He reminds us of the best manner of Lord 
 Lyttelton. Waller is too exclusively considered as the first man 
 who bnfught versification to any thing like its present standard. 
 Carew's pretensions to the same merit are seldom sufficiently 
 either considered or allowed." Headless Select Beauties of Ancient 
 English Poetry, Lon., 1787, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " His lines are often very harmonious, hut not so artfully con 
 structed or so uniformly pleasing as those of Waller. He is re 
 markably unequal ; the best of his little poems (none of more than 
 thirty lines are good) excel all of his time ; but after a few lines 
 of great beauty, we often come to some ill-expressed, or obscure, 
 or weak, or inharmonious passage. Few will hesitate to acknow 
 ledge that he has more fancy and more tenderness than Waller, 
 but less choice, less j udgment and knowledge where to stop, less 
 of the equality which never offends, less attention to the unity 
 and thread of his little pieces." HALLAM : Introduc. to Lit. Hist. 
 
 " The want of boldness and expansion in Carew's thoughts and 
 subjects excludes him from rivalship with great poetical names ; 
 nor is it difficult, even within the narrow pale of his works, to dis 
 cover some faults of affectation, and of still more objectionable in 
 delicacy. But among the poets who have walked in the same 
 limited path, he is pre-eminently beautiful, and deservedly ranks 
 among the earliest of those who gave a cultivated grace to our 
 lyrical strains." Campbell's English Poets. 
 
 Carew, Thomas. The Rights of Elections, Lon., 
 1755, fol. 
 
 Carey, Alice, b. 1820, near Cincinnati, Ohio, contri 
 buted for several years to Western periodicals before the 
 publication of the first collection of her poems, which ap 
 peared in Phila. (1849) in a volume entitled Poems, by 
 Alice and Phebe Carey. She has since pub. Clovernook, 
 or Recollections of Our Neighbourhood in the West, 1851; 
 Hagar, a Story of To-Day; Lyra, and other Poems, 1852; 
 Clovernook, 2d series, and Clovernook Children, 1854 j 
 
 337 
 
CAR 
 
 CAR 
 
 Poems, including the Tlascallan Maiden, a Romance of the ! 
 Golden Age of Tezcuco ; Married, not Mated, a Novel ; and 
 Holywood, a Novel, (1855.) 
 
 " The poems of Alice Carey evince no ordinary power of imagina 
 tion." North Am. Review. 
 
 " No American woman has evinced in prose or poetry any thing 
 like the genius of Alice Carey." Westminster Review. 
 
 " She appears to combine the fine qualities of Mrs. Elizabeth 
 Barrett Browning with the best graces of pastoral poetry." Jour 
 nal des Debate, Paris. 
 
 " We do not hesitate to predict for these sketches [Clovernook] 
 a wide popularity. They bear the true stamp of genius simple, 
 natural, truthful and evince a keen sense of the humour and 
 pathos, of the comedy and tragedy of life in the country. No one 
 who has ever read it can forget the sad and beautiful story of Mary i 
 Wildermings; its weird fancy, tenderness, and beauty; its touch 
 ing description of the emotions of a sick and suffering human spi- i 
 riC and its exquisite rural pictures." J. G. WHITTIER. 
 
 "It is impossible to deny that she has original and extraor 
 dinary powers, or that the elements of genius are poured forth in j 
 her verses with an astonishing richness and prodigality." E. P. j 
 WHIFFLE. 
 
 " Alice Carey evinces in many poems a genuine imagination and 
 a creative energy that challenges peculiar praise. We have per 
 haps no other author, so young, in which the poetical faculty is so 
 largely developed." R. W. GRISWOLD. See, also, Mrs. Hale's Wo 
 man's Record. 
 
 " Her characters are remarkable, considering their variety, for 
 fidelity to nature, and her sentiments are marked by womanly 
 delicacy, humanity, and reverence for religion ; while over all is 
 the charm of a powerful imagination, with frequent manifestations 
 of the most quiet and delicious humour." PROF. JNO. S. HART. 
 
 " The author has already given proof of her genius in the de 
 partment of poetry, and in the present volume she shows the pos 
 session of no less decided talent for narrative, and the delineation 
 of character." W. C. BRYANT. 
 
 Carey, David. Pleasures of Nature, &c., and other 
 poems, 1803, 8vo. The Reign of Fancy; a Poem, 1804, 
 12mo. Secrets of the Castle ; a Novel, 1806, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 Picturesque Scenes ; or a Guide to the Highlands, 1811, 
 8vo. Craig Phadric, Ac. 1810, 8vo. 
 
 Carey, Edward, M.D. Trans, of Dr. L. J. De Jough's 
 treatise on Cod Liver Oil; with an Appendix and Cases, 
 Lon., 8vo. 
 
 " As a most useful addition to our knowledge on this interesting 
 subject, we recommend the study of Dr. De Jough's treatise, ex 
 tended as it is, in its present form, by its able commentator." 
 Lon. Lancet. 
 
 Carey, George. A Planisphere, or Map of the prin 
 cipal Stars in the Northern Hemisphere, Edin., 1814; on 
 a Sheet. 
 
 Carey, George Saville, d. 1807, aged 64, son of 
 Henry Carey, the musical composer and poet, travelled 
 from town to town through England for forty years, giving 
 "lectures," or rather singing songs of his own composition. 
 If their poetical merit was not of the first order, it is yet 
 to be recorded to his credit, that, following his father's 
 example, he was careful to exclude every thing of an im 
 moral tendency from his entertainments. The Inoculator, 
 C., 1766, 8vo. The Cottagers, 0., 1766, 8vo. Liberty 
 Chastised, T. C., 1768, 8vo. Shakspeare's Jubilee, M., 
 1769, 8vo. The Old Women Weatherwise, Int., 1770, 8vo. 
 The Magic Girdle, Burl., 1770, 4to. The Nut-Brown Maid, 
 C. 0., 1770, 12mo. Noble Pedlar, Burl., 1770, 4to. Ana 
 lects, 1771, 2 vols. 12mo. Mimickry, 1776, 12mo. Rural 
 Ramble, 1777, Svo. Poetical Efforts, 1787, 12mo. Dupes 
 of Fancy, F., 1792, 8vo. Balnea, 1799, 8vo. Eighteen 
 Hundred, being a Collection of Songs, Tewkesbury, 1800. 
 " His talents and musical taste were such as might have raised 
 him to eminence, had he cultivated them with diligence, or had 
 he not been obliged to provide for the day that was passing over 
 him. ... He wrote a great variety of songs, in which, like his 
 lather, he never once trespassed on decency or good manners." 
 Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Carey, or Cary, Henry, Earl of Monmouth, 1596- 
 1661, eldest son of Robert, first Earl of Monmouth, was 
 admitted a Fellow Commoner of Exeter College, Oxford, at 
 the age of 15, and took the degree of B.A. in 1613. He 
 was made a Knight of the Bath in 1616. In 1625 he was 
 known by the name of Lord Lepington, his father's title 
 before be was created Earl of Monmouth. In 1639 he be 
 came Earl of Monmouth. 
 
 " Being then noted for a person well skill'd in the modern lan 
 guages, and a general scholar; the fruit whereof he found in the 
 troublesome times of rebellion, when by a forced retiredness, he 
 was capacitated to exercise himself in studies, while others of the 
 nobility were fain to truckle to their inferiors for company's sake." 
 
 Horace Walpole considers that this pleasant employment 
 of time to which Wood refers was his lordship's chief in 
 ducement to authorship. 
 
 " He seems to have distrusted his own abilities, and to have 
 made the fruits of his studies his amusement, rather than the 
 method of his fame. Though there are several large volumes 
 translated by him, we have scarce any thing of his own composi 
 tion ; and are as little acquainted with his character as with his 
 genius." Royal and Noble Authors. 
 
 The History of the late "Wars of Christendom, Lon., 
 1641, fol. 
 
 " I believe this (which Wood says he never saw) is the same work 
 with his translation of Sir Francis Biondfs History of the Civil 
 Wars of England, between the Houses of York and Lancaster." 
 HORACE WALPOLE. 
 
 Historical Relations of the United Provinces, and of 
 Flanders, 1652, fol. ; trans, from Bentivoglio. History 
 of the Wars in Flanders, 1652, fol.; again, 1654, '78; also 
 from Bentivoglio. 
 
 " Bentivoglio is reckoned as a writer among the very first of his 
 age." HALLAM. 
 
 Politic Discourses in 6 Books, 1657, fol.; and History of 
 Venice, 1658, fol. ; both trans, from Paul Parata, a no 
 ble Venetian. His lordship also trans, from Senault, Man 
 become Guilty; or the Corruption of his Nature by Sin. 
 Romulus and Tarquin from Malvezzi ; and from the works 
 of Boccalini, Capriata, and Priorati : the last (History of 
 France) he did not live to finish. It was completed by 
 W. Brent, and pub. 1676, '77. His Amelia, a New Eng 
 lish Opera, was pub. in 1632, 8vo, and The Use of Pas 
 sions, Lon., 1649 and 1671, 8vo. 
 
 His brother, Thomas Carey, was the author of some 
 occasional poems, one of which was set to music by Henry 
 Lawes, and will be found in his Ayres and Dialogues. 
 1653. 
 
 Carey, Henry, d. 1743, a musician and poet, was the 
 father of GEORGE SAVILLE CAREY, (q. v.) who inherited his 
 father's facility in composition. Poems, Lon., 1713, 8vo; 
 1720, 12mo; 1729, - 4to. Verses on Gulliver's Travels, 
 1727, Svo. Cantatas and Essays, Lon., 1724, '32. His 
 Farce of the Contrivances, 1815, and Hanging and Mar 
 riage, 1722, are among the best-known of his pieces. His 
 Dramatic Works were pub. in 1743, 4to : a list will be 
 found in Biog. Dramat. The classical ballad beginning 
 " Of all the Girls that are so smart," or " Sally in our 
 Alley," claims Carey as its author. The Musical Century, 
 2 vols. fol., was pub. in 1740. As we are fond of literary 
 coincidences, we shall record one which we discover in 
 reading the preface to "The Musical Century." It so 
 happened that our learned friend, the distinguished parent 
 of the new school of Political Economy HENRY C. CA 
 REY, (we wish that that C. could be expunged to render 
 the coincidence more perfect!) published in 1853 a series 
 of Letters on International Copyright, in which the sub 
 ject of Copyright in its general aspects is treated with 
 much vigour and ability. As regards the soundness of 
 Mr. Carey's doctrines, we are of course too wise to give 
 an opinion, surrounded as we are in this volume with such 
 a host of authors of opposing sentiments. Now it so 
 happens that HENRY CAREY, of musical memory, favours 
 us with some lines upon this subject in the Preface to his 
 Musical Century : 
 
 ' What retarded the publication thus long, was the prospect I 
 had from an act depending in Parliament, for securing the right 
 of copies to authors or their assigns, &c. ; it being almost incredible 
 how much I have suffered by having my works py rated ; my loss 
 on that account, for many years past, amounting to little less than 
 300 per annum, as I can easily make appear to any person, con 
 versant in publication. 
 
 " As the justice of such a law is self-evident ; and au act already 
 made in favour of engravers, I doubt not but the wisdom and 
 humanity of the Legislature will, one time or other, regulate this 
 affair, not confining the property of authors, &c. to one particular 
 branch, but extending it to the benefit of arts and sciences in ge 
 neral : 
 
 " Oh ! could I see the day !' " 
 
 This coincidence is worth noticing, certainly. 
 
 Sir John Hawkins thus sums up the characteristics of 
 Carey as a musician and an author : 
 
 " As a musician Carey seems to have been of the first of the lowest 
 rank; and as a poet, the last of that class of which Durfey was the 
 first; with this difference, that in all the songs and poems written 
 by him on wine, love, and such kinds of subjects, he seems to have 
 manifested an inviolable regard for decency and good manners." 
 
 The last line is well enough, and could Carey have read 
 Sir John's estimate, we may imagine him exclaiming with 
 the vanquished monarch, " All is lost, save honour !" 
 
 Carey, Henry, Lord Viscount Falkland. See CART. 
 
 Carey, Henry. Essays, <tc., pub. under the signature 
 of John Waters. 
 
 Carey, Henry C., b. 1793, at Philndelphia, son of 
 MATHEW CAREY, (q. v.) succeeded his father in his exten 
 sive publishing business, in 1821, and continued in a pur 
 suit so congenial to his literary taste, until 1838. In 1824 
 he established the system of periodical trade-sales, which 
 are now the ordinary channels of exchange between book 
 sellers. Mr. Carey inherited an inclination to investiga 
 tions in Political Economy, and in 1836 gave the results 
 of his speculations to the world in an Essay on the Rate 
 of Wages, which was expanded into The Principles of Po- 
 
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 litical Economy, 1837-40, 3 vols. 8vo. The novel position 
 assumed by Mr. Carey excited no little surprise among the 
 European Political Economists. This work has been pub 
 lished in Italian at Turin, and in Swedish at UpsaL 
 
 " Bastiat has taken from Carey ideas that the American Econo 
 mist had developed, and had presented to his readers with so much 
 skill, and with such an imposing mass of facts, as in truth to leave 
 in suspense the decision of even the most accomplished student of 
 his works. . . . Carey, and, after him, Bastiat, have thus intro 
 duced a formula in relation to the measure of value, that I believe 
 is destined to be universally adopted. It is a most felicitous idea. 
 . . . His work cannot be omitted from our collection, nor can its 
 publication be delayed." Professor Ferrara, Editor of the Biblio- 
 teca delV Economista. 
 
 " The most important product of political economy for the last 
 half century." Journal des Economistes. 
 
 In 1838 Mr. Carey pub. The Credit System in France, 
 Great Britain, and the United States. 
 
 " An American author, Mr. H. C. Carey, well known by several 
 excellent works, seems to me, in this matter, (Currency,) and espe 
 cially in the investigation of causes and effects, to have succeeded 
 better than the English inquirers. As early as 1838, he had in his 
 book The Credit System in France, Great Britain, and the United 
 States clearly shown the primary causes of the perturbations oc 
 curring almost periodically in commerce and currency, and that 
 the cause was the same in France as in England." M. COQUEUN : 
 fievue des Deux Mondes. 
 
 " The best work on the credit system that has ever been pub 
 lished." Journal des Economises. 
 
 In 1848 Mr. Carey pub. The Past, The Present, and The 
 Future. 
 
 " A work whose design is to show that men are everywhere now 
 doing precisely as has heretofore been done, and that they do so in 
 obedience to a great and universal law, directly the reverse of that 
 taught by Ricardo, Malthus, and their successors." Men of the 
 Time, New York, 1852, q. v. 
 
 " It is, as our readers see, the theory of progress, redeemed from 
 the wildness of philosophical speculations, economically established, 
 and brought home to us by the facts." Dictionnaire de VEconomie 
 Pditique. 
 
 " The field surveyed by Mr. Carey in the Past and Present is a 
 broad one broader than that of any other book of our time for 
 it discusses every interest of man." American Whig Review. 
 
 " One of the strongest and most original writers of the age." 
 Westminster Review. 
 
 " Every friend of agriculture ought to read Mr. Carey's remark 
 able and convincing work." Sldnner's Journal of Agriculture. 
 
 " A volume of extensive information, deep thought, high intel 
 ligence, and, moreover, of material utility." Lon. Morning Adver. 
 This work also excited great attention abroad, and has 
 recently been published in Swedish at Stockholm. For se 
 veral years Mr. C. contributed all the leading articles, and 
 many of those less important, to The Plough, the Loom, 
 and the Anvil. A number of these papers have been col 
 lected in a volume entitled The Harmony of Interests, Agri 
 cultural, Manufacturing, and Commercial, and others of 
 them in a pamphlet called The Prospect; Agricultural, 
 Manufacturing, Commercial, and Financial, at the opening 
 of 1851. 
 
 Blackwood's Magazine remarks of The Harmony of In 
 terests, <fec. : 
 
 " Mr. Carey, the well-known statistical writer of America, has 
 supplied us with ample materials for conducting such an inquiry ; 
 and we can safely recommend his remarkable work to all who wish 
 to investigate the causes of the progress or decline of industrial 
 communities." 
 
 In 1853 appeared The Slave-Trade ; Domestic and Fo 
 reign; why it exists; and how it may be extinguished. 
 
 ' It is an invaluable addition to the literature of the country 
 and of the world." New York Tribune. 
 
 " Mr. Carey has clearly substantiated his claim to be the leading 
 writer now devoted to the study of political economy. In his 
 pregnant discussions he has not only elevated the scientific posi 
 tion of his country, but nobly subserved the cause of humanity." 
 New York Quarterly. 
 
 Mr. Carey has also pub. (in 1840) Answers to the Ques 
 tions, What Constitutes Currency? What are the Causes 
 of its Unsteadiness ? And What is the Remedy ? And Let 
 ters on International Copyright, (1853.) In 1858 he gave 
 to the world vols. i. and ii. of an important work, to be 
 comprised in 3 vols. 8vo, entitled Principles of Social 
 Science ; also Letters to the President of the U.S., 8vo. We 
 subjoin an examination of Mr. Carey's merits as a teacher 
 of political economy, prepared for us by one of the mosi 
 eminent of American professors of this important science 
 
 " Mr. Carey, not only in his own country, but throughout Eu 
 rope, where his writings have been extensively studied, both in 
 their original language and in translations, is the acknowledge*: 
 founder and head of a new school of Political Economy. We can 
 only indicate the fundamental difference between his system and 
 that in undisputed supremacy when he began his contributions to 
 social science. This however will suffice to show how eminently 
 hopeful, progressive, and democratic, are the doctrines which he 
 proclaimed, and with what fulness of significance those who have 
 accepted them are styled the American school. 
 
 " Adam Smith's publication of the Wealth of Nations was con 
 temporaneous with the opening of the American Revolution. Tha 
 work explained the manner in which the course of nature tends 
 to the concurrent and harmonious progress in well-being of al 
 
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 classes of society, and how, whenever the feet is wanting wher 
 ever a community is stationary, or some classes fell back in the 
 scale of comfort, while others advance it is an anomaly which 
 may be traced to human interference. If all the industrial orders, 
 labourers, capitalists, and land-owners, fail to march forward with 
 the procession of time towards a better and steadily improving con 
 dition, Adam Smith found the cause in misgovernment by earthly 
 rulers, not in any defect of providential arrangements. There had 
 been little more than time for the scholars of the continent to make 
 themselves acquainted with Smith's system, when the convulsion 
 of the French Revolution began. The toiling millions had jumped 
 with a sure instinct that needed no bookish instruction to the con 
 clusion that their industry ought, in the natural course of things, 
 to have secured the enjoyment of the fruits that every day eluded 
 their grasp, to fall into the hands of the idle and profligate ; that 
 the products of labour were abundant for the material comfort of 
 all, and that the false and partial distribution by which they were 
 defrauded of their fair share, was due to the wickedness or incom 
 petence of their rulers. They were prompt to seek the remedy in 
 governmental reforms. Adam Smith had prepared the literary 
 class for sympathizing with their convictions and their aspirations. 
 Godwin's Political Justice was, in conservative England, among 
 the boldest and sharpest protests against the defects and failures 
 of the existing social organization, uttered with a calmness, sobrie 
 ty, and force of reasoning, that were not to be met by denouncing 
 it as Democratic and Revolutionary, which sufficed for a reply to 
 more intemperate writers. Mr. Malthus, a clergyman of the Esta 
 blished Church, while studying to refute it, was impressed with the 
 substantial justice of the plea for reform, upon the received data 
 for argument, and became satisfied that the evils of which the re 
 publicans complained admitted of no defence which should come 
 short of demonstrating the necessity of their existence, or throw 
 the responsibility for it upon the sufferers. 
 
 " It was as an answer to Godwin's book that Malthus composed 
 his celebrated Essay on Population, the theory of which was at once 
 accepted and remains to this day as the strongest apology of which 
 despotism is capable. The ruling classes were not only exculpated, 
 but they were taught to ' harden their hearts against the people* 
 by a theory which ascribed the miseries of the governed to the 
 regular operation of a fixed law of human and physical nature, 
 which even that charity which endeavoured to alleviate individual 
 suffering, could only aggravate. Malthus assigned, as the effective 
 cause of poverty and wretchedness in the masses, a supposed law 
 of population, according to which it has a constant tendency to 
 outrun the growth of capital the number of mouths to be fed to 
 exceed the food that should fill them. The human race, according 
 to this theory, has implanted in it such instincts and powers that 
 under their free action it would increase in geometrical ratio, dou 
 bling every twenty-five years. The means of subsistence, on the 
 other hand, are, as he believed, limited to an increase in arithmeti 
 cal ratio. There must consequently, in the natural order of provi 
 dence, be a constantly increasing disparity between the amount of 
 property in a community especially that of the first necessity like 
 food and the number of persons to divide, with a steady and cease 
 less approximation towards famine. If, in point of fact, the press 
 ure of population upon subsistence had been seen not to grow at 
 the terrific rate which the law would demand, it was due to almost 
 perpetual wars waged at the instigation of kings and nobles to fre 
 quent famines, resulting often from the devastations of war to pes 
 tilence, brooding in the foul cabins of the poor, and fastening upon 
 them because they were poor, ill-fed, ill-clothed, and ill-sheltered. 
 Some little if the poor had only been wiser, and piously submis 
 sive to the decrees of Heaven should have been owing to that 
 'moral restraint' which it was the object of Mr. Malthus to incul 
 cate to abstinence from matrimony, or, if the imprudence of matri 
 mony were committed, to defeating its purpose the propagation of 
 offspring. Alas, how little credit could the poor claim on this score I 
 Scandalously prolific had they been ever and everywhere, and the 
 weak charity of their betters had, by administering relief to the 
 destitute, and thus interposing between their folly in begetting 
 children, and its heaven -ordained penalty, diverted their attention 
 from what Mr. Mill tells us is the only remedy, 'the grand practi 
 cal problem to find the means of limiting the number of births.' 
 
 " As man is a producer of food, as well as a consumer, the organic 
 law of Malthusianism required some supplementary dogma which 
 should explain why it is that the race cannot make its labour pro 
 ductive in the ratio of its numbers. This was soon supplied in 
 the theory of Rent, which goes by the name of Ricardo, and is 
 based upon the allegation that settlement and culture always be 
 gin upon the most fertile and best-situated lands, and as they 
 are occupied by the growth of population, men necessarily recede 
 to soils of progressively deteriorating quality, and possessing less 
 advantages of situation. Each generation of cultivators expend 
 ing their energies upon soils yielding returns inferior in propor 
 tion to their numbers to those tilled by their predecessors, each 
 increment to the population would harvest a less and less incre 
 ment of food, and with every year a larger proportion of the entire 
 available labour of the community would be required for supply 
 ing its primary necessity. This, if true and it passed without 
 question until refuted by Mr. Carey was a satisfactory and cor 
 roborative explanation of the laws of population. It proved that 
 a steady declension towards misery and starvation would be the 
 inevitable lot of the masses, even upon the supposition that all 
 the means of subsistence were fairly and equally partitioned. But 
 the theory did more. It taught that as soon as the necessities of 
 society drove men to the cultivation of land of the second quality, 
 the owners of that of the first grade acquired the power to charge 
 for its use a rent equivalent to the difference in the crops of the 
 two. When land of the third quality became necessary to supply 
 the increasing mouths, the second yielded a rent, and the rent of 
 the first was also advanced by an amount equal to the difference 
 between the second and third. Consequently the smaller the sup 
 ply of food became, the larger the proportion of it absorbed by the 
 landlords, and the less that of the labourers. This established 
 the necessary growth of a landed aristocracy, whose wealth and 
 nower wax. as t,hns of ih nonnla \vaii. Nor was this all. It 
 
 power wax, as those of the people wane. Nor was 
 
 339 
 
CAR 
 
 taught that the price of all raw productions was necessarily fixed 
 by that of the portion raised with the greatest difficulty and ex 
 pense, that is, on the worst soils under cultivation which pay no 
 rent. Rent therefore did not enter into price; but price it was 
 held was divided between wages and profits, profits being the 
 highest when wages are least. The interests of the labourer and 
 the capitalist are thus held to be directly antagonistic, they having 
 to struggle with each other about the division of a continually de 
 creasing share left by the landlord for the two. 
 
 "If this system be true, the stratification of society after the 
 aristocratic models is as certain and inevitable as any feet in Geo 
 logy, and all dreams of the equality and brotherhood of man, or 
 pf any permanent and practical amelioration of the condition of 
 the many as vain, as would be projects for altering the location of 
 the eternal rocks, and making the granite of the globe overlay the ' 
 limestone. Well was it termed the ' Dismal science,' that thus taught I 
 the very philosophy of despair, resting upon an arithmetic of ruin.' 
 It is not singular that essentially retrograde and anti-democratic as 
 it was in its origin and its spirit, it should have been welcomed in 
 Europe at a time when conservatism was shaken with strange fears 
 of change, and perplexed for a plausible answer to the demands of 
 political justice; but it is strange that it should have been accepted ! 
 in this country, and be inculcated expressly, or by necessary im 
 plication, by those who claim to be pre-eminently democratic. 
 
 "Such was the revolting aspect of Political Economy, when, in 
 1835, Mr. Carey published his Essay on the Rate of Wages. The 
 main step out of the gloom of the Ricardian system gained by 
 this first essay was its proof that profits and wages do not vary 
 inversely, but that high wages are an infallible evidence of pros 
 perity, and of the rapid increase of capital : thus establishing har 
 mony, instead of antagonism, between the interests of labourers 
 and of capitalists. We do not dwell on the importance of this 
 position, because Mr. Carey in his progress soon brought the par 
 ticular truth under a more general law, as is ordinarily the case 
 when an empirical system begins to grow into science. In 1837 
 he published the first Part of his Principles of Political Economy, 
 followed between that period and 1840 by the three remaining 
 Parts. A new and very simple, but, as an Italian Economist has 
 justly styled it, a very sagacious, expression of the measure or 
 limit of Value, as consisting not in the labour expended in the pro 
 duction of any thing, but in the labour required to reproduce it, 
 at the time of estimation, marks the opening of this work. It 
 proceeds to establish these necessary consequences : That the value 
 of existing capital is constantly falling with the advantages of as 
 sociation, and the acquisition of improved machinery which attend 
 the growth of population ; for these reduce the labour of repro 
 ducing the various commodities of which capital is made up. and 
 facilitate the construction of new machinery, by which still further 
 economy may be effected. That labour is therefore steadily grow 
 ing in its power to command capital, and, e converso, the power of 
 capital over labour as steadily diminishing. That labour and capi 
 tal in their combined action are continually producing a larger re 
 turn for the same outlay, of which larger return an increasing pro 
 portion, and of course an increased absolute quantity, goes to the 
 labourer, while the share of the capitalist diminishes in its pro 
 portion. but is taken from a return so large as to yield him for that 
 smaller proportion, a quantity increased in its absolute amount. 
 No truth so luminous as that contained in this grand law of Dis 
 tribution had ever before lighted up the path of inquiry into Social 
 Science. It gave the clew by which History is made intelligible 
 and consistent, for it alone explains the possibility of that physi 
 cal, social, and political progress through which all classes advance 
 in their dominion over the powers and the stores of nature, with 
 a constant approximation towards equality in their relations to 
 each other, in other words towards Democracy. 
 
 " The doctrines of Ricardo were not merely negatived, but re 
 versed, when in the same work it was shown that land owes all its 
 value to labour, and so far from exchanging for an amount of la 
 bour equal to that expended in bringing it to its existing condi 
 tion, never commands more than the quantity requisite to bring 
 pew land to an equally productive condition; a quantity much 
 inferior, because every improvement enables men to expend their 
 labour more advantageously than their predecessors, and thus to 
 reproduce land, that is to say, all those ameliorations and advan 
 tages of market which give value to land,at a cheaper rate. That 
 rent only represents the interest on the cost of reproduction, and 
 therefore the profits of landed investment obey the same laws which 
 govern capital in other forms ; the landlord obtaining a decreasing 
 proportion, though an increasing quantity, from the crops of his 
 domain. Mr. Carey arrived at this conclusion, though he then 
 believed with Ricardo in the ' decreasing fertility of the soil,' by 
 finding a sufficient compensation in the enhanced power of labour 
 through the aid of capital (other than raw produce) growing at a 
 rate sufficiently more rapid than that of population to countervail 
 the disadvantages of its being forced to the cultivation of the in 
 ferior lands. He has brought a large portion of the European 
 economists, as recent discussions prove, up to this stage of his pro- 
 gre ? ^T a **" wher e they must renounce Malthusianisin entirely, 
 and the errors of Ricardo in great part. But the incongruity re 
 mains that the decreasing fertility of the soil' is an ever-growing 
 impediment to that accumulation of capital, by which at any given 
 point its decreased productiveness and enhanced demand for the 
 unln 1848. f "^ * VerC me ' and this tumbUnfi-block 
 
 "In that year Mr. Carey published The Past, Present and Fu 
 ture, in which he attacked the central folsehood of Srdo's sys 
 tem and demonstrated that the fact is the very reverse of hi* 
 hypothesis By an elaborate historical investigation, he shows 
 conclusively that in all countries in an advanced stage of civK 
 tlon , men, instead of beginning settlement and cultivation upon 
 the best soils, have begun upon the poorest, the licht wmdv soil* 
 Of the uplands, which are easily tilled by the rudest an^Last em 
 dent tools, and that with the improvement of machinery, and th 
 increased powers of association attending the growth of pormla 
 tion, they have proceeded regularly to the heavy bottom-Linda 
 covered with dense timber, and requiring great outlays for drain- 
 
 CAR 
 
 age, and other costly amelioration. By geographical comparison 
 of contemporaneous communities, he shows that the lowest in the 
 scale of population and wealth are those in which the inferior soils 
 are alone cultivated, and the better lie waste; and that the degree 
 to which they have subdued the better lands accurately marks 
 their progress. In a prolonged discussion in which Economists of 
 all parts of Europe have taken part, he has repeatedly and in 
 vain challenged the maintainers of the Kicardian hypothesis to 
 name a single spot where men have not commenced on the poor 
 soils, and proceeded to the better, with increasing numbers and 
 wealth; or where they have not receded to the poorer with the in 
 roads of poverty and depopulation. The acquisition of this truth 
 gave harmony and completeness to the system. It accounted for 
 an accelerated rate in the accumulation of capital, by showing how 
 a decreasing proportion of a growing community is able to supply 
 the whole with food and material, and an increasing proportion is 
 left free to devote its labour to the conversion of that material; 
 while it taught the philosophy of concentration as the means of 
 facilitating exchange, and the diversification of industry. It ex 
 plained the prevalence of war, and of military institutions in the 
 earlier ages of society, by showing how and why it is that sparse 
 communities, finding themselves stinted in food, and imagining 
 themselves pinched in space, covet the territories of their neigh 
 bours, and waste their energies in alternate aggression and defence 
 against the reprisal provoked by it, how a military aristocracy 
 (and all aristocracies have been military in their origin) is possible 
 when wages are low, and the landlord taking two-thirds of the 
 product of his fields in the shape of rent, is able to support a re 
 tinue of men-at-arms equal in number to the cultivators, and be 
 comes impossible as his proportion decreases, and that of the culti 
 vators increases how the latter successively emerge from the 
 condition of slaves, serfs, feudal vassals, to equality of political 
 rights, and Republican self-government. We have said enough to 
 indicate how naturally the system of Mr. Carey, shining over and 
 beyond the narrow field of material wealth to which the old 
 school of Economists, not less from necessity, than from inclina 
 tion, limits itself lights up the whole realm of political interests, 
 and all the social relations of man. Slavery and the Slave Trade 
 published by Mr. Carey in 1850, is no more than an application in 
 extevso to the elucidation of the particulartopic of principles clearly 
 established and developed in the preceding works. The circum 
 stances and the policy which increase or diminish the power of 
 men to control their own labour and its fruits, are treated with 
 the same dispassionate logic as a physician would employ in treat 
 ing of the cause and cure of malarious fevers, and equally irre 
 spective of the colour or locality of the patients. In fact, it is the 
 characteristic of Mr. Carey's system, that having based it upon 
 physical facts, and thus brought it into affiliation with the positive 
 sciences, he pursues the same methods of investigation which have 
 conducted to precision and certainty in physical discovery ; and 
 thus arrives at those ' great constitutive laws in which dwell do 
 minion and the power of prophecy.' 
 
 Our limits have confined us to the elucidation of the radical 
 distinction between the American and European systems, at the 
 expense of omitting any reference to the diversities of their out 
 growth in the minor developments and collateral consequences. 
 The reader must explore them for himself, and we trust will ere 
 long have new aid in the inquiry. It is the distinction of genuine 
 science that every step opens the way for further progress, and 
 that it tends to constant simplification, by bringing a wider rang* 
 of facts under general laws, diminishing in number as they en 
 large in scope. We have reason to expect from Mr. Carey the pub 
 lication of his maturest views in the order of their logical genesis. 
 This is usually the reverse of the order of discovery, and admits 
 of much greater condensation, for man's path to the central and 
 mother truth is through a converging spiral. As he has advanced 
 from circle to circle, he has announced his progress in treatises, 
 if not essentially polemic and critical, yet necessarily swelled by a 
 mass of evidence and illustration which may now be dismissed. 
 To prove empirically that the planets revolve in ellipses, requires 
 innumerable observations of their actual position and volumes 
 of figures, but the demonstration becomes brief and easy as soon 
 as the focus and the law of attraction have been ascertained. 
 
 " Mr. Carey has been an industrious anonymous writer in Ma 
 gazines and Journals, in defence of the protective policy which 
 his theory for the first time made logically tenable, and reconciled 
 with the philosophy of Adam Smith, which those who quote with 
 out reading, or read but in scraps, assume it to condemn. The Har 
 mony of Interests Agricultural, Manufacturing, and Commer 
 cial, is devoted expressly to this topic." 
 
 Carey, John, LL.D., d. 1829, a native of Ireland, was 
 well known as the editor of more than 50 volumes of the 
 Regent's Classics, of Ainsworth's Latin Dictionary, <fcc., 
 and author and translator of several useful works. We 
 notice the following valuable work: Schleusner's New 
 Testament Lexicon, compressed into the Form of a Ma 
 nual, Lon., 1826, 8vo. 
 
 "The main principle of this volume is, that it contains all 
 Schleusner's lexicographical interpretations, together with his 
 Scripture references, and this without abridgment; while nothing 
 is sacrificed but what, in a majority of instances, may be advan 
 tageously dispensed with. . . . Dr. Carey's name is a guarantee 
 for correct impression." Lon. Eclectic Review, N. S. xxvi. 180. 
 
 Carey, John. See GARY. 
 
 Carey, Mathew, 1760-1839, an eminent philan 
 thropist, was a native of Dublin. His father, a man of 
 great intelligence, bestowed upon him and his five brothers 
 a liberal education, and they all subsequently became dis 
 tinguished for their learning or literary taste. At the 
 early age of 17, Mathew pub. an Essay on Duelling, which 
 was followed in 1779 by A Letter to the Catholics of Ire 
 land, which caused much excitement, and compelled his 
 
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 CAR 
 
 temporary exile to France, where he made the acquaintance 
 of Dr. Franklin, with whom, and with the Marquis de 
 Lafayette, Mr. Carey was on terms of friendship. Return 
 ing to Ireland, he established the Volunteer's Journal, 
 which speedily took its place as the leading opposition 
 paper of the day, but persecution from the government 
 led to his arrest and imprisonment, and finally forced him 
 in 1783 to quit his country. Arrived in Philadelphia, 
 where he continued to reside until his death in 1839, he 
 commenced his career in 1785 as editor and proprietor of 
 the Pennsylvania Herald, and this was followed by the 
 American Museum, a monthly journal of which he was 
 also editor. This periodical extended to 13 volumes, 
 1787-92, and forms a valuable record of the facts of that 
 period. Mr. Carey was author of numerous pamphlets on 
 various subjects of public interest, and of several books 
 which had much success. Of these the earliest published 
 in America was a History of the Yellow Fever of 1793, of 
 which four editions were published. In 1810, '11, he pub. 
 Letters and Reflections upon the United States Bank. In 
 1814 appeared The Olive Branch, or Faults on both Sides, 
 Federal and Democratic, an appeal to the good sense of 
 the political parties of the day to lay aside their differences 
 during the pendency of the then existing war with Great 
 Britain : this paper speedily passed through ten editions, 
 comprising 10,000 copies. 
 
 " No publication has appeared since the formation of the Ame 
 rican Government which contains such copious and authentic in 
 formation of the state of the country." 
 
 In 1818 appeared his Vindicice Hibernicce : an examina 
 tion and refutation of the charges against his countrymen, 
 in relation to the alleged butcheries of Protestants in the 
 insurrection of 1640: this work passed through several 
 editions. In 1820 he gave to the world The New Olive 
 Branch, and in 1822 Essays on Political Economy, both 
 advocating the policy of protection to domestic manufac 
 tures. It is worthy of remark that it is in this particular 
 department the science of Political Economy that one 
 of Mr. Carey's sons (see article HENRY C. CAREY) has be 
 come so conspicuous a labourer. Mathew Carey also pub. 
 a volume of Miscellaneous Essays. As the most eminent 
 publisher in the United States, he contributed largely to 
 the dissemination of sound intelligence amidst a popula 
 tion too much occupied with the material cares of life to 
 be properly attentive to intellectual culture. Our limited 
 space prevents more than a passing notice of Mr. Carey's 
 zealous efforts on behalf of the helpless and afflicted of 
 his persevering labours in the promotion of public improve 
 ments and private happiness. "We could say nothing so 
 much to the purpose as is contained in the following ex 
 tract from a letter to the late Joseph Reed, Esq., of Phi 
 ladelphia, (son of President Reed,) from the late John 
 Sergeant, Esq., long one of the most eminent statesmen of 
 the United States : 
 
 " Mr. Carey a man to whom we are all a great deal more in 
 debted than we are aware of. and who is entitled to respect and 
 regard for the generosity of his nature, the extent and variety of 
 nis knowledge, and his devoted and disinterested exertions in" the 
 public service. He has given more time, money, and labour to 
 the public than any man I am acquainted with. and. in truth, 
 has founded in Philadelphia a school of public spirit. This is bare 
 justice to an excellent citizen, to whom also I am free to acknow 
 ledge my own particular obligations for his uniform friendship." 
 JJexiw, April 19, 1827. 
 
 The citizens of the United States will ever owe to Mr. 
 Carey's memory a debt of gratitude for his invaluable 
 labours as a citizen, a politician, and a philanthropist. 
 
 Carey, Patrick. Trivial Poems and Triolets; edited 
 by Walter Scott, Edin., 1820, 4to, from the original MS. 
 
 ' These poems were previously printed, of which Sir Walter 
 Scott was not aware." LOWVDES. 
 
 Carey, Phoebe, sister of Alice Carey, b. 1825, has 
 pub., in addition to Poems by Alice and Phoebe Carey, 
 Poems and Parodies, 1854. See CAREY, ALICE. 
 
 " A vein of tender and graceful religious sentiment pervades 
 her more serious compositions, and her Parodies comprise some of ! 
 the cleverest humorous verse produced in this country." R. W. 
 GRISWOLD. 
 
 Carey, or Cary, Robert, first Earl of Monmouth, 
 b. 1559 or 1560, d. 1639, a near relation of Queen Eliza 
 beth, and father of Henry Carey, second Earl of Monmouth, 
 left MS. memoirs of his own life, which were lent by Lady 
 Elizabeth Spelman to JOHN, EARL OP CORK AND ORRERY, i 
 (q. v.) who transcribed them with his own hand, and pub. ' 
 them in 1759, 8vo. They contain some curious particulars ! 
 of the secret history of the Elizabethan period. Horace Wai- 
 pole, who recommended their publication, is complimented ' 
 by the Earl of Cork as exhibiting (in his Royal and Noble : 
 Authors) 
 
 " So spirited a manner of writing, that he has given wit even to \ 
 ft Dictionary, and vivacity to a catalogue of names." 
 
 Carey, Walter. See CARYE. 
 
 Carey, William. Stranger's Guide through Lon 
 don, 1808, 18mo. 
 
 Carey, William, D.D. Sermon, 1809, 4to. 
 
 Carey, William, D.D., 1761-1834, missionary to 
 Bengal, and Professor of Oriental Languages in the Col 
 lege of Fort William. He pub. a number of philological 
 works in Bengalee, Bhotanta, Ac., and assisted in the pre 
 paration of many more issued from the Serampore press. 
 He was the principal founder of the Serampore mission. 
 1. Sanscrit Grammar, 4to, pp. 1000. 2. Bengalee-and- 
 English Dictionary, 1815-25, 3 vols. 4to. 3. Abridgment 
 of do. by Dr. Marshman, under the supervision of Dr. 
 Carey, 1827, 8vo. See Memoir by Rev. Eustace Carey, 
 Lon., 1836; Remarks on the Character and Labours of 
 Dr. Carey, by H. H. Wilson ; Life by Dr. Jos. Belcher, 
 Phila., 1856, 12mo. 
 
 Carey, William Paulett, 1768-1839, a native of 
 Ireland, brother of John and Mathew Carey, (ante,) took 
 part in the struggle of 1798, and, subsequently removing 
 to England, distinguished himself as an eloquent advocate 
 of art, artists, and political reform, and as the author of 
 many critical and poetical contributions to the periodicals 
 of the day. Among those on whose behalf his pen was 
 early enlisted may be mentioned Chantrey, Hogan, Gib 
 son, and James Montgomery. 
 
 Carie, Walter. See CARYE. 
 
 Carier, Benj., D.D. A Missive to K. James, Paris, 
 1649, 8vo : his "motives for conversion to the Catholic 
 Religion," Ac. 
 
 Carion, John. The Thre Bokes of Cronicles, which 
 John Carion (a man singularly well seen in the Mathema- 
 tycal Sciences) gathered, with great diligence, of the best 
 authors that have written in Hebrew, Greek, and Latine, 
 Ac. With this was printed (written by John Funche, a 
 Lutheran divine of Nuremburg) An Appendix to the Thre 
 Bokes of Cronicles; gathered by John Carion; conteyn- 
 ing all such notable thynges as be mentyoned in the Cro- 
 nicies, to have chaunced in sundry partes of the worlde, 
 from the yeare of Christ, 1532, to thys present yeare of 
 1550. Both pub. in one 4to vol., in 1550, by W. Lynne. 
 See Watt's Bibl. Brit, and Lowndes's Bibl. Manual. 
 
 Carkeet, Samuel. Gospel Worthies: Serm., 1719,8vo. 
 
 Carkesse, Chas. Tonnage and Poundage, 1782, fol. 
 
 Carkesse, James. Lucida Intervalla, Lon., 1679, 4to. 
 
 Carlell, Lodowicke. Deserving Favourite ; T. C., 
 1629, 4tQ. Passionate Lovers; T. C., 1665, 4to. Other 
 plays. 
 
 Carleton. Darkness of Atheism dispelled by the Light 
 of Nature, 1652, 4to. Written by WALTER CHARLETON. 
 M.D., q. v. 
 
 Carleton, Captain. Hyde Marston, or a Sports 
 man's Life, Lon., 1844, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " A large proportion of the scenes are actual transcripts from 
 the reality, and it is equally certain that many of the characters 
 are drawn from originals." Lon. New Monthly ALtg. 
 
 Recreations in Shooting, with some Account of the 
 Game of the British Islands, 1846, p. 8vo. 
 
 Carleton, Sir Dudley, Lord Dorchester, 1573- 
 1631, an eminent statesman, was educated at Westmin 
 ster, and at Christ Church, Oxford. Letters from and to 
 him during his Embassy in Holland, edited and pub. by 
 the Earl of Hardwicke, Lon., 1757, 4to; with additions to 
 the Hist. Preface, 1775, 4to; 1780. His lordship was the 
 author of some political tracts, and some of his speeches 
 will be found in Rushworth's Collection. 
 
 " King Charles used to say that he had two Secretaries of State, 
 the Lords Dorchester and Falkland; one of whom was a dull man 
 in comparison with the other, and yet pleased him the best; for 
 he always brought him his own thoughts in his own words; the 
 latter [Falkland] cloathed them in so fine a dress, that he did not 
 always know them again." Sir P. Warwick's Memoirs. 
 
 Carleton, George, D.D., d. 1628, born at Norham, 
 Northumberland, sent by Bernard Gilpin to Edmund Hall, 
 Oxford, 1576; Bishop of Llandaff, 1618; translated to 
 Chichester, 1619. Heroici Characteres carmine, Oxon., 
 1603, 4to. Tithes, Lon., 1606, 4to. On Jurisdiction, Re 
 gal, Episcopal, and Papal, Lon., 1610, 4to. Concensus 
 Ecclesiae Catholicae, Ac., Francf., 1613, 8vo. A Thankful 
 Remembrance of God's Mercy in the Deliverances of his 
 Church temp. Eliz. and James I., Lon., 1614, 4to. Trea 
 tises against Judicial Astrology, Lon., 1624. Thirteen 
 Sermons, 1736, 8vo. Other works. 
 
 "Whom I have loved in regard of his singular knowledge in 
 divinity, which he professeth; and in other more delightful litera 
 ture, and am loved again of him." CAMDEN. 
 
 " His good affections appear in his treatise, entituled A Thank- 
 ful remembrance of God's mercy ; solid judgment, in his Confu 
 tation of Judicial Astrology; and clear invention, in other juve- 
 
 341 
 
CAR 
 
 CAR 
 
 nile exercises. Indeed, when young, he was grave in his manners ; | the English Bards and Scotch Reviewers we find the no- 
 go when old he was youthful in his parts, even unto his death." i ble earl thus unceremoniously impaled with a crowd of 
 
 Fuller's Worthies. 
 
 Carleton, Captain George. Memoirs of an Eng 
 lish Officer, Lon., 1728, 8vo. His Memoirs, Edin., 1808, 
 8vo ; pub. in 1743. Carleton's Memoirs have been attri 
 buted to Daniel De Foe and also to Dean Swift. 
 
 " LORD ELIOT : ' The best account of Lord Peterborough that I 
 have happened to meet with is in Captain Carleton's Memoirs.' 
 Johnson said he had never heard of the book. Lord Eliot sent it 
 to him. Johnson was about going to bed when it came, but sat 
 up till he had read it through; and remarked to Sir Joshua Rey 
 nolds, ' I did not think a young lord could have mentioned to me 
 a book in the English history that was not known to me.' "Bos- 
 welVs Johnson. 
 
 Carleton, Lancelot. Letter to Rev. J. Stade, Read., 
 1727. 
 
 Carleton, Thomas Compton. Philosophia Uni- 
 versa, Antw., 1649. Theologia Scholastica, Leod., 1659- 
 64, 2 vols. fol. 
 
 Carleton, William, M.D. The Immortality of the 
 Human Soul demonstrated by the Light of Nature, 1699,4to. 
 Carleton, William, b. at Clogher, Tyrone, Ireland, 
 in 1798, was for some time tutor in a village school. He 
 resolved to try his fortune in Dublin, and in 1830 pub. 
 (anon.) Traits and Stories of the Irish Peasantry, 2 vols. 
 8vo. Their great merit insured their immediate success. 
 A second series was pub. in 1832. In 1839 appeared Far- 
 dorougha, the Miser, or the Convicts of Lisnamona. In 
 1841 he pub. The Fawn of Spring Vale, The Clarionet, 
 and other Tales, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Mr. C. has also pub. Va 
 lentine McClutchy, 1845, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Willey Reilly, 
 1855, 3 vols. p. 8vo, and other works. Perhaps no Irish 
 author was ever more successful with the acknowledged 
 readers of criticism -than Mr. Carleton has been. He now 
 enjoys a pension of 200, and is residing near Dublin. 
 
 "SHEPHERD. 'What sort o' vols. are the Traits and Stories of 
 Irish Peasantry, published by Curry & Co., in Dublin ?' 
 
 " NORTH. ' Admirable, truly ! intensely Irish. Never were that 
 wild, imaginative people better described ; and, amongst all the 
 fun, frolic, . and folly, there is no want of poetry, pathos, and 
 passion.' " Blackw. Mag. 
 
 " Mr. Carleton has caught most accurately the lights and shades 
 
 of Irish life. His tales are full of vigorous, picturesque description 
 
 and'genuine pathos. They may be referred to as furnishing a very 
 
 correct portrait of the Irish peasantry." Lon. Quar. Rev., Oct. 1841. 
 
 Carliell, Robert. Britain's Glorie, Lon., 1619, 8vo. 
 
 " To all vertvovs Nobilitie, Reuerend Clergie, and well-affected 
 
 Gentrie." 
 
 Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 147, 2 2s. It is in verse and prose. 
 
 Carlile, James, D.D. A Manual of the Anatomy 
 
 and Physiology of the Human Mind. The Use and Abuse 
 
 of Creeds and Confessions of Faith, DnbL, 1836, 8vo. 
 
 Other works. 
 
 Carlisle, Sir Anthony, 1768-1840, a distinguished 
 gurgeon and physiologist. Disorders of Old Age, 1817, 
 4to; 2d ed., 1818, 8vo. Alleged Discovery of the Use of 
 the Spleen and Thyroid Gland, 1829. For a list of his 
 valuable med. and hot. contrib., see Eng. Cyc., Div. Biog., 
 vol. ii. 
 
 Carlisle, Charles Howard, 3d Earl of, d. 1738, 
 is worthy of mention among the Noble Authors for his 
 excellent poetical address inscribed "To MY SON, LORD 
 MORPETH." Horace Walpole remarks, (referring to the 5th 
 Earl, vide post:) 
 
 "The present Earl of Carlisle is his grandson, and may boast a 
 more copious and correct vein of poetry, but cannot surpass in 
 moral observation or physical truth, the force of the precepts, 
 directed to the author's eldest son a short time before his own de 
 cease. A character is said to have been given of him [the father] 
 in the Political State of Europe; but I have sought without suc 
 cess for the publication so entitled." Royal and Noble Authors. 
 
 Carlisle, or Carlile, Christopher. Theolog. Dis 
 course, 1582. 
 
 Carlisle, Rev. D. Roman Antiquitiesjv. Archaeol., 
 1794. 
 
 Carlisle, Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of, 1748- 
 1825, Viceroy of Ireland, a distinguished statesman, is 
 entitled to a very respectable rank as an author. Poems, 
 1773, 4to. The Father's Revenge ; a Tragedy, and other 
 Poems. Letter to Earl Fitzwilliam, Dubl. and Lon., 1794, 
 8vo. Unite or Fall, Lon., 1798, 12mo. The Step-Mother ; 
 a Tragedy, 1800, 8vo. Tragedies and Poems, 1801, 8vo. 
 Verses on the Death of Lord Nelson, 1806. Thoughts on 
 the Stage, anon., 1808, 8vo. 
 
 A criticism (highly laudatory) by Dr. Johnson upon the 
 Father's Revenge will be found in a letter to Mrs. Chapone. 
 See Boswell's Johnson. 
 
 In the Hours of Idleness, pub. 1808, Lord Byron refers 
 
 to his relative's works as having long received the meed 
 
 of public applause to which, by their intrinsic worth, they 
 
 were entitled; but in revenge for an imagined slight, in 
 
 JW2 
 
 unhappy authors. 
 
 "Let Stott. Carlisle, Matilda, and the rest 
 Of Grub-street and the Grosvenor-Place the best, 
 Scrawl on, till death release us from the strain, 
 Or common sense assert her rights again." 
 
 To this disrespectful mention is appended a more disre 
 spectful note, of which as the critic repented and apologizes 
 in Childe Harold 
 
 " And partly that I did thy sire some wrong" 
 we shall take no further notice. 
 
 Carlisle, George, M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1766. 
 
 Carlisle, George William Frederick Howard, 
 the present Earl of Carlisle, b. 1802, is well known as a 
 man of letters. His lordship a few years ago travelled in 
 America, and on his return communicated the results of his 
 observations in 1850, in a lecture delivered before the Me 
 chanics' Institute at Leeds. Some of his comments have 
 found their way into the journals. His lordship also de 
 livered before the same excellent institution a lecture upon 
 the Life and Writings of Pope. In 1854 he published A 
 Diary in Turkish and Greek Waters, p. 8vo ; Amer. ed., 
 edited, with Notes, by Prof. C. C. Felton, Bost., 1855, 12mo. 
 " An unpretending volume, which bears on every page evidence 
 of the wise and tolerant spirit, the various scholarship, and the 
 sensibility to< the beautiful so characteristic of its noble author. 
 . . . The account of Malta is not the least attractive portion of this 
 charming work, to which Felton's notes have given additional 
 value." WM. H. PRESCOTT : Philip the Second, 1856, i. 392, n., 501, n. 
 
 See also a review of the Diary in Turkish and Greek 
 Waters, in N. Amer. Rev., Ixxxi. 91-112, July, 1855. 
 
 The Second Vision of Daniel : a Paraphrase in Verse, 
 1858. See Lon. Athen., 1858, 110. 
 
 Carlisle, Isabella Byron, Countess of, 1721- 
 1795, daughter of William, 5th Lord Byron, married in 
 1743, Henry, 4th Earl of Carlisle, by whom she had Frede 
 rick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle. A volume on the Edu 
 cation of Youth, and a poem in Pearch's Collection entitled 
 The Fairy's Answer to Mrs. Greville's Prayer for Indiffer 
 ence, have been ascribed to her ladyship. 
 
 Carlisle, James. The Fortune Hunters; a Comedy, 
 Lon., 1689, 4to. 
 
 Carlisle, James, Jr. Letters on the Divine Origin 
 and Authenticity of the Holy Scriptures, Lon., 1833, 2 
 vols. 12mo. 
 
 "Indicative of sound judgment, correct taste, and respectable 
 acquirement." LOWNDES. 
 
 Carlisle, Nicholas. Topographical Dictionary of 
 England, 1808, 2 vols. 4to; of Wales, 1811, 4to; of Scot 
 land and the Islands in the British Seas, 1813, 2 vols. 4to; 
 of Ireland, 1810, 4to. 
 
 " If ever there was a book indispensable for reference to a vast 
 variety of persons, it is this, which bears at the same time every 
 mark of the utmost accuracy." British Critic. 
 
 Carlos, James. Serm., 1773, 4to. 
 
 Carlton, Osgood, of Massachusetts, d. 1816, pub. a 
 number of Maps and works on Navigation, 1801-10. 
 
 Carlyle,Alex.,D.D.,Edin.,1721-1805. Serm.,1779-94. 
 
 Carlyle, Joseph Dacre, 1759-1804, Prof, of Arabic, 
 Cambridge. Specimens of Arabic Poetry, Camb., 1796, 
 4to; 1810, r. 8vo. Poems, 1805, 4to. 
 
 " For many elegant poems, also, we are highly indebted to Pro 
 fessor Carlyle. As beautiful and exquisitely finished pieces, they 
 are entitled to warm commendation." Drake's Literary Hours. 
 
 This eminent Orientalist pub. some other works. 
 
 Carlyle, Robert. De Vaux; a Poem, 1818, 8vo. 
 
 Carlyle, Thomas, the " Censor of the age," was born 
 in 1795 at Ecclefechan, in Dumfriesshire. His father, an 
 agriculturist, was noted for quickness of mental percep 
 tions, and great energy and decision of character. After 
 preliminary instruction at a school at Annan, Thomas was 
 sent in 1810 to the University of Edinburgh, where he re 
 mained for seven or eight years, distinguishing himself by 
 devotion to mathematical studies then taught there by 
 Leslie. He seems at this period to have designed entering 
 the ministry, but the idea was abandoned. For about two 
 years he taught mathematics at a school in Fife ; on relin 
 quishing this post, he devoted himself in 1823 to literature 
 as a profession. In 1824 he contributed to Brewster's Edin 
 burgh Encyclopaedia the articles "Montesquieu," "Mon 
 taigne," "Nelson," "Norfolk," and those on the two "Pitts;" 
 to the New Edinburgh Review, an Essay on Joanna Bail- 
 lie's Plays of the Passions. In the same year he completed 
 a translation of Legendre's Geometry, to which he pre 
 fixed an Essay on Proportion, and also pub. his trans, of 
 Goethe's Wilhelm Meister, " a work which betrayed a di 
 rection of reading destined to influence materially his fu 
 ture career." After completing his trans., he commenced 
 
CAR 
 
 his Life of Schiller, which was pub. in numbers in the 
 London Magazine. Men of the Time, Lon., 1853. 
 
 The life of Schiller was highly commended : 
 
 Schiller was one of the great men of his age, and Carlyle has 
 jriven evidence in this book of a critical insight into his character, 
 both as a man and a writer. His analysis of the works of Schiller, 
 and his critical observations, are deeply interesting and instructive. 
 The book will be read with pleasure and profit." Lon. .Examiner. 
 
 About 1826 Mr. Carlyle married, and resided alternately 
 at Comely Bank and Craigenputtoch, in an estate in Dum 
 friesshire. The reader will find an interesting account of 
 his manner of life in the letters to Goethe, in the corre 
 spondence of the great German bard. 
 
 " Two ponies which carry us everywhere, and the mountain air, 
 are the best medicines for weak nerves. This daily exercise, to 
 which I am much devoted, is my only dissipation ; for this nook 
 of ours rCrai"enputtoch] is the loneliest in Britain six miles re- 
 moved from every one who in any case might visit me. Here 
 Rousseau would have been as happy as on his island of St. Pierre." 
 
 In his rural quietude Mr. Carlyle was a contributor to 
 the Foreign Review and other periodicals, and composed 
 his Sartor Resartus, which was pub. in Fraser's Magazine 
 on Mr. Carlyle's return to London, which occurred in 1830. 
 It appeared in book form in 1834, " reprinted for friends," 
 and in 1836 ; again in 1841. 
 
 " The work is a sort of philosophical romance, in which the author 
 undertakes to give, in the form of a review of a German treatise 
 on dress, and a notice of the life of the writer, his own opinions 
 upon Matters and Things in General. The hero, Professor Teufels- 
 droeckh, seems to be intended for a portrait of human nature as 
 affected by the moral influence to which, in the present state of 
 
 society, a cultivated mind is naturally exposed The volume 
 
 contains, under a quaint and singular form, a great deal of deep 
 
 thought, sound principle, and fine writing The only thing 
 
 about the work, tending to prove that it is what it purports to be, 
 a commentary on a real German treatise, is the style, which is a 
 sort of Babylonish dialect, not destitute, it is true, of richness, 
 vigour, and at times a sort of felicity of expression, but very strongly 
 tinged throughout with the peculiar idiom of the German language. 
 This quality in the style, however, may be a mere result of a great 
 familiarity with German literature, and we cannot, therefore, look 
 upon it as in itself decisive, still less as outweighing so much evi 
 dence of an opposite character. ... It is, we believe, no secret in 
 England or here, that it is the work of a person to whom the public 
 is indebted for a mimber of articles in the late British Reviews, 
 which have attracted great attention by the singularity of their 
 style, and the richness and depth of their matter. Among those 
 may be mentioned particularly those on Characteristics and the 
 Life of Burns in the Edinburgh Review, and on Goethe in the Fo 
 reign Quarterly. . . . We take pleasure in introducing to the Ame 
 rican public a writer, whose name is yet in a great measure un 
 known among us, but who is destined, we think, to occupy a large 
 space in the literary world. We have heard it insinuated that Mr. 
 Carlyle has it in contemplation to visit this country, and we can 
 venture to assure him, that, should he carry this intention into 
 effect, he will meet with a cordial welcome." ALEXANDER H. EVE 
 RETT : JV. Amer. Review, xli. 454, 1835. 
 
 In 1837 he pub. The French Revolution, 3 vols. c. Svo: 
 vol. i., The Bastile : vol. ii., The Constitution : vol. iii.. The 
 Guillotine. This work produced a profound impression 
 upon the public mind. 
 
 " No work of greater genius, either historical or poetical, has 
 been produced in this country for many years. A more pains 
 taking or accurate investigator of facts and testimonies never 
 wielded the historical pen." Westminster Review. 
 
 " Let a man who would exhibit the frightful drama of the French 
 Revolution for the benefit of his reader, place the reader before its 
 scenes, and leave him to himself as most men, in going through an 
 interesting building, long to be left alone and not be troubled with 
 the impertinence of a guide. The scenes themselves are already 
 there not painted or described as by a spectator, but existing un 
 intentionally in the records of the times. Few things, perhaps, 
 would do more to arrest our present headlong course of license. 
 No highly-wrought language would be required, or any language 
 but that employed by the actors themselves. The most graphic 
 portions of Mr. Carlyle's work are those in which he has most 
 closely transcribed from these sources ; and in other parts we think 
 he has failed to convey not only a correct philosophical view of the 
 history, but even clear, vivid pictures of fact." Lon. Quarterly 
 Review, Ixvi. 457. 
 
 " After perusing the whole of this extraordinary work, we can 
 allow, almost to their fullest extent, the high qualities with which 
 Mr. Carlyle's idolaters endow him." Lon. Times. 
 
 " This is one of the few books of our time that are likely to live 
 for some generations beyond it. Some years will pass before these 
 volumes begin to be generally relished; but relished they will be, 
 and that thoroughly, sooner or later." Lon. Examiner. 
 
 " There is no account of the French Revolution that can be in 
 the slightest degree compared with this for intensity of feeling 
 and profoundness of thought." Lon. Monthly Repository. 
 
 " It would be an interesting book if well translated into Eng 
 lish." 
 
 In 1839 appeared Chartism; 2d edit., 1840, p. Svo. 
 See a Review of this work in the British and Foreign Re 
 view, xi. 1 ; also articles on Chartism in vol. xii. 303, and 
 in Blackwood's Mag., xlvi. 289. His Six Lectures on He 
 roes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History, delivered 
 in London in 1840, were pub. in 1841, and 4th edit, in 
 1852, 12mo. In 1843 Mr. C. pub. his Past and Present, 
 p. Svo. 
 
 CAR 
 
 " Past and Present has not, and could not have, the same wild 
 power which Sartor Resartus possessed, in our opinion, over the 
 feelings of the reader; but it contains passages which look the 
 same way, and breathe the same spirit." Blackwood's Mag., liv. 138. 
 
 Mr. C.'s Critical and Miscellaneous Essays have been 
 collected, and the 3d edit, was pub. in London in 1847, 4 
 vols. p. 8vo. They have also been pub. in America. See 
 a review in Brit. Quart. Rev., ii. 297. In the same year 
 appeared the 2d edit of the Letters and Speeches of Oliver 
 Cromwell. Mr. Carlyle's Latter Day Pamphlets, Nos. 1, 
 2, 3, and 4, were pub. in 1850, p. 8vo : the life of his friend, 
 John Sterling, pub. in 1851. The 3d ed. of The French 
 Revolution was pub. in 1856-57, 3 vols. p. 8vo ; 3d ed. of 
 Cromwell's Letters and Speeches, 1857, 3 vols. p. 8vo ; 4th 
 ed. of Essays, 1857, 4 vols. p. 8vo ; Lives of Schiller and 
 Sterling, 1857, p. 8vo, (vol. vi. of collective ed. of Car 
 lyle's works.) The Life of Frederick the Great, Lon. and 
 New York, 1858, 2 vols. 8vo. A critic remarks, "The 
 work is thoroughly Carlylish, and worthy of the author. 
 It has long been announced that it was to be the work of 
 his life." 
 
 " Few writers of the present time have risen more rapidly into 
 popularity than Mr. Carlyle, after labouring through so long a pe 
 riod of comparative neglect. Whatever judgment critics may be 
 pleased to pass on him, it is certain that his works have attracted 
 of late no common share of attention." Edinburgh Review. 
 
 We have quoted some highly commendatory notices of 
 Mr. Carlyle as an author ; but by many critics the pecu 
 liarities of his style have been severely censured, and the 
 value of his speculations greatly doubted. 
 
 " Mr. Carlyle has disdained the easy-beaten track, and struck 
 out a new taste in writing, combining, we had almost said, all pos 
 sible faults, and yet not unlikely to become popular. ... It is la 
 mentable to see that Mr. Carlyle's early writings, in which there 
 is far the most truth and genuine good sense, are the most free 
 from his faults. They appear to have gathered on him as he ad 
 vances. Is it that he is permitting himself to dress up his style 
 like a mountebank to attract popular wonderment, which we have 
 too good an opinion of him to believe? Or is it that his mind it 
 self, as we fear, is becoming embarrassed and perplexed with the 
 speculations into which he is falling, and in which he evidently 
 is struggling about like a man sinking in the water, and just be 
 ginning to suspect that he is out of his depth ? Some of his early 
 writings are very pleasing in their language, as in their sentiments. 
 (See, for example, his paper on Boswell, Miscellanies, vol. iii. 114; 
 but his Life of Schiller appears to us in point of style by far the 
 best of them all. Note.) In his last works, the Sartor Resartus, 
 and Chartism, he runs wild in distortions and extravagancies." 
 Lon. Quarterly Review, Ixvi. 1840. 
 
 " Mr. Carlyle an astute and trenchant critic might, with show 
 of justice, remark assumes to be the reformer and castigator of 
 his age a reformer in philosophy, in politics, and religion de 
 nouncing its mechanical method of thinking, deploring its utter 
 want of faith, and threatening political society, obstinately deaf 
 to the voice of wisdom, with the retributive horrors of repeated 
 revolutions; and yet neither in philosophy, in religion, nor in 
 politics, has Mr. Carlyle any distinct dogma, creed, or constitution 
 to promulgate. . . . He is any thing but a man of practical ability. 
 Setting aside his style for the present, let us see whether he has 
 ever, in the course of his life, thrown out a single hint which 
 could be useful to his own generation, or profitable to those who 
 may come after. If he could originate any such hint, he does not 
 possess the power of embodying it in distinct language. He has 
 written a History of the French Revolution, a pamphlet on Chart 
 ism, a work on Heroes and Hero-worship, and a sort of political 
 treatise entitled Past and Present. Can any living man point to a 
 single practical passage in any of these volumes ? If not, what is 
 the real value of Mr. Carlyle's writings? What is Mr. Carlyle 
 himself but a Phantasm of the species he is pleased to denounce." 
 Blackwood's Mag., liv. 1843; Ixvii. 1850. 
 
 See Passages Selected from the Writings of Thomas 
 Carlyle, by Thomas Ballantyne, 1855, p. 8vo. 
 
 Carlyle, Thomas, of the Scottish Bar. The Moral 
 Phenomena of Germany ; 2d edit., enlarged, Lon., 18mo. 
 
 Carmarthen, Marquis of. Journal of his Brest 
 Expedition, 1694, 4to. 
 
 Carmey. Coins of the Kings of Syria, Lon., 1761, fol. 
 
 Carmichael, A. N. Greek Verbs, Lon., 1841, p. 8vo. 
 
 Carmichael, Alex. Mortification of Sin, Ac., 1677. 
 
 Carmichael, Andrew. Con. to Trans. Irish Acad., 
 1811: on Habit, and the Invention of Writing. Disquisitions 
 on the History and Metaphysics of Scripture, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " A very remarkable production." Phrenological Journal. 
 
 Carmichael, Frederick, 1708-1751, Prof, of Di 
 vinity in Marischal College. Serms., Lon., 1757, 8vo. 
 
 Carmichael, James. Grammatica Latina de Ety- 
 mologia, Carnb., 1587, 4to. 
 
 Carmichael, James. Con. to Med. Com. and Ann. 
 Med., 1776-99. 
 
 Carmichael, James. Peerage of Scotland, Edin., 
 1791, 4to. 
 
 Carmichael, Richard. Med. treatises, 1806-18. 
 
 Carnarvon, Lord. Don Pedro; a Tragedy, Lon., 
 8vo. Moor; a Poem, 8vo. Notes on Portugal, Gallicia, 
 Ac., p. 8vo. 
 
CAR 
 
 CAR 
 
 " Not only a graphic description of the country, but it relates a 
 series of personal adventures and perils very unusual in modern 
 Europe." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 "A work of superior ability, interest, and value." U. Serv.Jour. 
 
 Carne, John. Letters in the East, 2 vols. ; and Re 
 collections of Travels in Syria and Palestine, Lon., 1830, 
 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " Peculiarly valuable by the graphic descriptions, written on 
 the spot, of the present actual state of the places which have been 
 the theatres of the great events recorded in the Bible." ion. Actw 
 Monthly Mag., 1826. 
 
 Syria, the Holy Land, Asia Minor, Ac. ; illustrated by 
 Bartlett and others ; descriptions by J. C., Lon., J.838, 2 
 vols. 4to. 
 
 " The descriptions are well drawn up by Mr. Carne, whose resi 
 dence in the East some years since fitted him for such an under 
 taking." T. H. HORNE. 
 
 Lives of Eminent Missionaries, 3 vols. 12mo. Other 
 works. 
 
 Carne, Robert H. Two Covenants, Lon., 1828, 8vo. 
 
 Carnett, P. P. Wine-Making, 1814, 8vo. 
 
 Carolan, Patrick. Schools in Ireland, 1806, etc. 
 
 Curoll, William. Answer to Collins's Essay con 
 cerning the use of Reason, Ac., Lon., 1707, 8vo. 
 
 Caron, R. P. Remonstratia Hibernorum, 1665, fol. 
 
 Carpenter, Agricola. Psevchographica Anthropo- 
 magica ; or a Magical Description of the Soul, Lon., 1652, 
 12mo. 
 
 Carpenter, Benjamin. Theolog. and other works, 
 1789-1814. 
 
 Carpenter, Daniel. The Poor Laws, 1807, 8vo. 
 
 Carpenter, Eli as. Nocturnal Alarm, Lon., 1803, 8vo. 
 
 Carpenter, George, Lord. Con. to Phil. Trans., 
 1738 ; account of a bullet lodged near the gullet. 
 
 Carpenter, Henry. The Deputy Divinity, Lon., 
 1657, 12mo. 
 
 Carpenter, J. Merchants' Accounts, Lon., 1632, fol. 
 
 Carpenter, J. Treatise on Practical and Experi 
 mental Agriculture, 1803, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Carpenter, Jacobus. Platonis cum Aristotele in 
 Universa Philosophia Comparatio, Paris, 1573, 4to. 
 
 Carpenter, John, of Ricklin, Essex. Epicedium in 
 obitum decide ratissimi principis Guililmi Glocestrae 
 Ducis, fol. 
 
 Carpenter, John. Sorrowfull Song for Sinfull 
 Soules, Lon., 1586, 8vo. Theolog. treatises, 1588-1612. 
 
 " Going through the courses of logic and philosophy for the 
 space of four years or more, with unwearied industry." Athen. 
 
 Carpenter, Joseph Edward. Lays and Legends 
 of Fairy Land, Ac., Lon., 8vo. Other works. 
 
 " In the rank of lyric poets Mr. Carpenter deservedly holds a 
 high position." 
 
 Carpenter, Lant, LL.D., 1780-1840, b. at Kidder 
 minster, father of Dr. W. B. Carpenter, the distinguished 
 physiologist, (q.v.;) settled as Unitarian minister at Exeter 
 in 1805 ; removed to Bristol in 1817. His publications, 
 including those which were posthumous, amount to 44, of 
 which we notice a few. 1. Introduction to the Geography 
 of the New Testament, 1805, 12mo. 2. Unitarianism the 
 Doctrine of the Gospel, 1809, 12mo. 3. Examination of 
 the Charges made against Unitarianism, Ac. by Dr. Magee 
 in his Discourses on Atonement, Ac., 1820, 8vo. 4. Prin 
 ciples of Education, Intellectual, Moral, and Physical, 
 1820, 8vo. 
 
 " I know of no work more excellent or complete on the subject 
 of education, in all its parts, thau this. It is a monument to the 
 Bound, practical good sense, the enlarged views, the erudition, and 
 the piety of the author." C. D. CLEVELAND : Eng. Lit. IQth Cent. 
 
 5. Harmony; or, Synoptical Arrangement of the Gospels, 
 1835, 8vo. 6. Dissertations on the Duration of our Saviour's 
 Ministry, Ac., 1836, 8vo : a reprint from Harmony, Ac. 
 
 " The third dissertation is particularly valuable and instructive." 
 T. H. HORNE. 
 
 7. Sermons on Practical Subjects, 1840, 8vo ; edited by 
 his Son, Dr. W. B. Carpenter. See Life of Dr. C. by his 
 Son, Rev. Russell Lant Carpenter. 
 
 Dr. C. pub. some other works. 
 
 Carpenter, Nathaniel, a native of Devonshire, b. 
 1588, d. according to Wood, 1628, according to Fuller, 1635, 
 was educated at Edmund Hall, Oxford. Serm. 1612, 8vo. 
 Philosophia Libera, Ac., Francf., 1621, 8vo ; with addits., 
 1622, 8vo ; Oxf., 1636, '75, 8vo. Memorable as one of the 
 first attacks upon the Aristotelian Philosophy. See Bruck- 
 er's Hist, of Philos. Geographic Delineated, Oxf., 1625, 
 4to ; with addits., 1625, 4to. See a high encomium on De 
 vonshire at p. 200. Achitophel ; Serm., 1629, 4to. Serm., 
 Oxf., 1640. 
 
 " He was right-handed in the Cyclopaedia of all arts ; logic, wit 
 ness his Decades [I'hilosophia. &c. ;] mathematics, expressed in the 
 book of his Geography ; and divinity, appearing in his excellent 
 344 
 
 sermons called Achitophel. As for his Optics, it had been a master 
 piece in that kind, iftruly and perfectly printed." Fuller's Worthies. 
 
 Carpenter, Richard, d. 1627, battler in Exeter Col 
 lege, Oxford, 1592 j Fellow, 1596 ; pub. serms., 1612, '16, 
 '20, '23. One of his discourses was pub. in 1657, fol. 
 Langbaine erroneously suggests the identity of the author 
 with the following. 
 
 Carpenter, Richard, D.D., a divine and poet, about 
 the middle of the 17th century, joined the Church of Rome, 
 returned to the Church of England, and died a Roman 
 Catholic. Experience, History, and Divinity, Lon., 1642, 
 8vo. Repub. in 1648 as The Downfall of Antichrist. Astro 
 logy Proved Harmless, Pious, Useful ; a Serm., 1663, 4to. 
 Rome in her Fruits, 1663, 4to. The Pragmatical Jesuit 
 new Leavened, 4to. Other publications. 
 
 " Those that knew him have often told me that he was an im 
 pudent, fantastical man, that changed his mind with his cloaths, 
 and that for his juggles and tricks in matters of religion he waa 
 esteemed a theological mountebank." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Carpenter, Samuel. Election for Saltash, 1808. 
 
 Carpenter, Stephen Cullen, d. about 1820, a na 
 tive of Great Britain, and settled in the U. States in 1803, 
 where he soon united with J. Bristed as co-editor of the 
 U.S. Magazine, pub. at Charleston, S.C. He originated 
 the Monthly Register, pub. at Charleston, 1805. He had 
 been previously engaged as reporter of the Parliamentary 
 proceedings during the trial of Hastings, and from his 
 personal knowledge doubtless was enabled to make the 
 great speeches of Sheridan on the Belgium affairs as found 
 in the Select Speeches of Dr. Chapman. He was the 
 author of the Overland Journey to India, pub. under the 
 assumed name of Donald Campbell; 2d ed., 1809-10. Life 
 of Thomas Jefferson, Phila. and N. York, 1809, 2 vols. Svo. 
 Select American Speeches ; being a sequel to Dr. Chap 
 man's Select Speeches, Phila., 1815, 2 vols. Svo. See 
 DONALD, CAMPBELL. 
 
 Carpenter, Thomas. Essay on the Vices and Follies 
 of Mankind, Ac., 1795. 
 
 Carpenter, Thomas. Educational works, 1798- 
 1813 : Orthography, Ac. 
 
 Carpenter, Thomas. Devotional Reflections on the 
 Psalms of David, Lon., 1837; 2d ed., 1841, 18mo. 
 
 Carpenter,William, D.D. Fast Serm.,Lon.,1776,4to. 
 
 Carpenter, William. Calendarium Palestine, 1825, 
 8vo. This is a very useful work. Scripture Difficulties 
 Examined with a View to their Solution, 1825, Svo. The 
 author elucidates 700 passages in the Old and New Testa 
 ments. Popular Lectures on Biblical Criticism and Inter 
 pretation, Lon., 1826, Svo. Scripture Natural History, 
 1828, Svo. Dr. Harris's Natural History (Boston, Mass., 
 1820) is generally preferred; but some consider Carpenter's 
 work "more readable." 
 
 " Without that pretence to originality which in the present day 
 is as much distinguished by personal vanity as it is at variance 
 with truth. Mr. Carpenter has, we think, presented to the public 
 an interesting and useful work." Lon. Chris. Kememb. 
 
 A Guide to the Practical Reading of the Bible, Lon., 
 1830, 18mo. 
 
 " This is a useful and interesting compilation, and gives in a very 
 small compass a great deal of information." Ch. of Ireland Mag. 
 
 Biblical Companion, Lon., 1836, Svo. 
 
 " To the use of less advanced students it is especially adapted." 
 Da. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 Carpenter, William Benjamin, M.D., F.R.S., son 
 of Dr. Lant Carpenter; a distinguished physiologist and 
 eminent writer on physiology ; Prof. Med. Jur. in Univ. 
 Coll., London ; Lecturer on General Anatomy and Physio 
 logy at the London Hospital School of Med., and Exa 
 miner in Physiology and Comparative Anat. in the Univ. 
 of London; studied medicine in University College, 1833; 
 passed his examination in the Royal College of Surgeons' 
 and Apothecaries' Soc., 1835; subsequently pursued his 
 studies in the Univ. of Edinburgh, where his capacity for 
 original thought and dealing with the most profound phy 
 siological discussions became apparent. 1. On the Volun 
 tary and Instinctive Actions of Living Beings, Edin. 
 Med. and Surg. Jour., No. 132. 2. The Unity of Func 
 tion in Organized Beings, Edin. New Phil. Jour. 3. The 
 Differences of the Laws regulating Vital and Physical 
 Phenomena; ibid. 4. Dissertation on the Physiological 
 Inferences to be deduced from the Structure of the 
 Nervous System in the Invertebrate Class of Animals, 
 Edin., 1838. After publishing the above, he graduated at 
 Edinburgh in 1839. 5. Principles of General and Com 
 parative Physiology, Lon., 1839, Svo; 2d ed., 1841, Svo; 
 9th ed., rewritten, was pub. in 1854, entitled (6) Prin 
 ciples of Comparative Physiology ; (7) the Principles of 
 General Physiology being pub. in a separate vol. New 
 Amer. ed., Phila., 1854, Svo. 
 
CAR 
 
 "Not the profession only, but the scientific world at large, must 
 feel deeply indebted to Dr. Carpenter for tkis great work." ion. 
 Medical Times. 
 
 " An Encyclopedia of the subject, accurate and complete m all 
 respects; a truthful reflection of the advanced state at which 
 science has now arrived." Dublin Quar. Jour, of Medical Science. 
 
 " A truly magnificent work, in itself a perfect physiological 
 Btudy." Ranking's Abstract. 
 
 " No treatise on Physiology which has hitherto appeared in our 
 language exceeds the present, either in the comprehensiveness of 
 its principles or in the value and abundance of its facts. We 
 recommend it to all our readers and to men of science of every 
 description." British and Foreign Medical Review. 
 
 " In Dr. Carpenter's work will be found the best exposition we 
 possess of all that is furnished by comparative anatomy to our 
 knowledge of our nervous system, as well as to the more general 
 principles of life and organization." Dr. Holland's Medical Notes 
 and Rejlections. 
 
 " I recommend to your perusal a work recently published by Dr. 
 Carpenter. It has this advantage: it is very much up to the pre 
 sent state of knowledge of the subject. It is written in a clear 
 style, and is well illustrated." Prof. Sharpens Introduc. Lecture. 
 
 "See Dr. Carpenter's Principles of General and Comparative 
 Physiology, a work which makes me proud to think he was once 
 my pupil." Dr. EUiotson's Physiology. 
 
 8. Principles of Human Physiology, Lon., 1846, 8vo; 4th 
 ed.; 5th American ed., from the 4th English ed., with 
 additions by Francis Gurney Smith, M.D., Prof. Institutes 
 of Medicine in the Pennsylvania Medical College. 
 
 " We speak advisedly when we say that we know of no work on 
 Physiology from which the student is likely to derive so much 
 advantage. The whole of it reflects the highest honour upon the 
 talents, knowledge, and judgment of the author." British and 
 Foreign Medical Review. 
 
 "Dr. Carpenter's work, Human Physiology, is an important one 
 in support of the spirituality of the mind. Nothing can be more 
 satisfactory than his arguments and illustrations as to the distinct 
 existence and manifestations of the thinking principle." Blakey's 
 Hist, of the Philosophy of Mind. 
 
 Nos. 6, 7, and 8 are now pub. as three independent vols., 
 comprising the whole range of Biological Science. 
 
 9. Vegetable Physiology and Botany, 1844, 8vo. 10. A 
 Manual of Physiology, 1846, fp. 8vo. Several editions. 
 
 "Although designed for the student and framed expressly to 
 meet his wants, it is a work that may be consulted with advantage 
 by most physicians and surgeons, however learned." British and 
 Foreign Medical Review. 
 
 11. Elements of Physiology, including Physiological 
 Anatomy, 8vo. 12. The Popular Cyclopaedia of Natural 
 Science, 1847, 5 vols. 8vo. Commenced in 1843. 
 
 " It possesses merits of a very high order. The talents and at 
 tainments of its author are evidently such as quality him to take 
 his station as an original author, experimenter, and discoverer 
 among the most excellent sons of science." Lon. Eclectic Review. 
 
 13. Zoology and Instinct in Animals, 1848, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " For clearness of arrangement, perspicuity of style, and read 
 able matter, we know of no complete work on zoology which we 
 could recommend so fully as this by Dr. Carpenter." Lon. Athen. 
 
 14. A Prize Essay on the Use of Alcoholic Liquors in 
 Health and Disease; 2ct ed., 1851, 12mo. New Amer. ed. 
 with a Preface by Dr. D. F. Condie, M.D., and Explana 
 tions of Scientific Words, 12mo. 15. Mechanical Phi 
 losophy, Astronomy, and Horology, 1848, 8vo. 16. On 
 the Microscope : its Revelations and its Uses, 1856, 8vo. 
 
 "The works of Dr. Carpenter manifest some of the best qualities 
 both of the thinker and the observer." MoreWs Hist, of Modern 
 Phil/>s.. q. v. 
 
 Carpmeal, W. Reports, Patent Cases, Lon., r. 8ro 
 4th ed., 1846. The Law of Patents for Inventions. 
 
 " Designed for inventors and others unlearned in the law, bu 1 . 
 may be consulted with profit by professional readers on points of 
 practice, and for the scientific illustrations which abound in tUe 
 work." Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 See CURTIS, GEORGE T. 
 Carpue, J. S. The Muscles of the Human Body, as 
 they appear on Dissection, Lon., 1801, 4to. 
 "An esteemed work." LOWNDES. 
 
 Electricity and Galvanism, 1803, 8vo. Account of Sur 
 gical Operations, 1816, '19. 
 
 Carr, Allan. A Peacable Moderator, Lon., 4to; re 
 specting the book of Common Prayer. 
 
 Carr, George, 1704-1776, educated at St. John's Col 
 lege, Cambridge ; appointed senior clergyman of the Epis 
 copal Chapel, Edinburgh, 1737, where he officiated 39 years 
 Sir William Forbes pub. his sermons, Edin., 1777, 3 vols 
 12mo ; 5th edit., 1784, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "Although they do not contain the profound reasonings 01 
 Butler, nor the elegant discussions of Sherlock ; neither the learn 
 ing of Tillotson, nor the declamation of Seed, they exhibit th 
 most useful and important truths of the gospel, not only wit! 
 plainness and perspicuity, but in language always elegant, an 
 seldom incorrect." SIR WILLIAM FORBES. 
 
 ' ; They are short, vigorous, important, and useful." DR. DAVID 
 SOOT. 
 
 " To his merits as a preacher, great as they were, the lustre o 
 his private character was still superior : the death of such a man 
 was a real loss to society." DR. BEATTIE. 
 
 Carr, J. H. Prize Essay : The Local Ministry, 1851 
 cr. 8vo. 
 
 CAR 
 
 Carr, Jo. His Ruinous Fall of Prodigalitie, Lon., 
 573, 8vo. 
 
 Carr, Sir John, 1772-1832, of the Middle Temple, 
 he Stranger in France, Lon., 1803, 4to. A popular work, 
 'he Stranger in Ireland, 1806, 2 vols. 4to. This was ridi- 
 uled by Edward Dubois by the publication of his jcu 
 I' esprit, My Pocket Book, 1807, 12mo. A Tour through 
 lolland, 1807, 4to. Caledonian Sketches, 1809, 4to. De- 
 criptive Travels, 1811, 4to. Sir John also pub. some 
 oems, 1803, '09, and a Drama, 1804. 
 
 Carr, John, LL.D., 1732-1807, master of the Gram 
 mar School at Hertford. Vol. 3d of Tristram Shandy, 
 760. This imitation of Sterne was soon detected. Filial 
 Piety, 1763, fol. To a Critic, 1764, fol. Eponina, 1765. 
 ?he Dialogues of Lucian, trans, from the Greek, 1773-98, 
 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " An excellent translation, that preserves much of the wit and 
 pirit of the original." DR. ADAM CLARKE. 
 
 Carr, Lascelles Robert. Serms., 1800, '01, '04, 4to. 
 
 Carr, Nicholas. Professor of Greek, University of 
 Cambridge. Epistola ad J. Checum, Lon., 1551, 4to. De 
 >bitu, <fec. M. Buciri, 1551, 4to. Demosthenis Graecorum 
 Oratorium, Ac., 1571, 4to. Epistola Berth. Dodingtoni, 
 Ac., 1571, 4to. De Scriptorum Britannicorum Paucitate, 
 
 ., 1576, 12mo. Hearne commends Carr as an elegant 
 and judicious Latinist. 
 
 Carr, Ralph. Mahumetane Historye, Lon., 1600, 4to. 
 
 Carr, Richard, M.D. Epistolae Medicinales, Lon., 
 1691, 8vo ; published in English by Quincy as Medicinal 
 
 pistles, 1714, 8vo. 
 
 Carr, Rich. Algebraist's Companion, Lon., 1751, 8vo. 
 
 Carr, Robert. Eugenia; a Tragedy, 1766, 8vo. 
 
 Carr, Samuel, D.D., Prebendary of St. Paul's. Ser 
 mons on practical subjects, Lon., 1795, 3 vols. 8vo; seve 
 ral edits., 1817, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " A valuable accession to this extensive theological class. The 
 style is embellished with those temperate ornaments which increase 
 ts beauty without destroying its simplicity." British Critic. 
 
 Carr, T. S., master in King's College School, has pub. 
 a number of useful classical guides; Greek and Latin; 
 Mythology ; Antiquities. 
 
 Carr, William. Travellers' Guide in the German 
 States, &c., 1600, '88. 
 
 Carr, William. Glossary of the Craven Dialect, 
 Lon., 1828, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "We would particularly recommend it to our dramatists and 
 novelists. They have now the means of studying the present 
 form of West Riding dialect synthetically as well as analytically. 
 We can vouch for the general accuracy of the dialect and idiom." 
 Lon, Quarterly Review. 
 
 " Of great value." ARCHDEACON TODD. 
 
 Carr, William Windle. Poems, Lon., 1791, 8vo. 
 
 Carre, Thomas, alias Miles Pinkney, d. 1674, a 
 native of Broomhal, founded a Nunnery (Sion) at Paris, 
 1634, and became resident Confessor. Pietas Parisiensis 
 et Romana, Paris, 1666, 12mo : Oxf., 1687, 12mo. Funeral 
 of Charles I.; Serm. on Ps. ii. 10, 1670, 12mo. 
 
 Carrel, Armand N., 1800-1836. History of the 
 Counter-Revolution for the Re-Establishment of Popery 
 in England under Charles II. and James II., by Armand 
 Carrel ; to which is added the History of the Early Part 
 of the Reign of James II., by C. J. Fox, sin. 8vo, 1854. 
 
 " The reigns of the last two Stuarts have been written, with the 
 mind of a statesman and the hand of a vigorous writer, by Armand 
 
 rrel." Edin. Rev. 
 
 As we know not the name of the translator of this valuable 
 work, we introduce it under that of the French author. 
 
 Carrick, A., M.D. Medical treatises, 1797, 1803. 
 
 Carrick, John D. Life of Sir William Wallace. 
 
 " The best history with which we are acquainted of those important 
 events which, under the auspices of that hero and patriot, led to 
 the re-establishment of Scottish independence." Edin. Lit. Jour. 
 
 Carrier. Reasons for Forsaking Protestantism,! 61 4,4to. 
 Carrigan, Philip. Map of New Hampshire, 1816. 
 Carrington, F. A. Legal repts. and works, 1823-50. 
 Carrington, James. Theological treatises, 1750-76. 
 Carrington, Jas. Serms. on Isa. ii. 78 ; Ephes. v. 15. 
 Carrington, Noel Thomas, 1777-1830, a native 
 of Plymouth, England, pub. several poems of great merit. 
 The Banks of Tamar, 1820. Dartmoor, 1826. My Na 
 tive Village. Poems collected in 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 "Dartmoor met with greater success than the author had eve? 
 lared to anticipate. It was received with much delight by the 
 public, and was very highly spoken of by the periodical press." 
 Lon. Gtnt. Mag., March. 1831. 
 
 Carrington, Robert Smith, Lord. Speech deli 
 vered at the Board of Agriculture, 1803, 4to. 
 
 Carrington, S. History of Oliver Cromwell, Lon., 
 1659, 8vo. 
 
 Carrington, Susanna. The Perjured Husband; 
 a Tragedy, Lon., 1700, 4to. 
 
CAR 
 
 CAR 
 
 Carrington, W. Angler's Vade-Mecum, 1818, 12mo. 
 Carroll, B. R. Historical Collection of South Caro 
 lina, N. York, 1836, 2 vols. 8vo. A valuable collection 
 relating to the early literature of South Carolina. 
 
 Carroll, Wm. On Locke's Essay, Lon., 1706, 8vo. 
 Carruthers, William, of Virginia. 1. Cavaliers of 
 Virginia. 2. The Kentuckian in New York. 3. The 
 Knights of the Horse-Shoe ; a Traditionary Tale of the 
 Cocked-Hat Gentry in the Old Dominion, Wetumpka, Ala., 
 1845. 
 
 1 Carson, Alexander. Theolog. treatises. The fol 
 lowing have been highly commended : Explanation of the 
 Principles of Biblical Interpretation of Ernesti, Ammon, 
 Stuart, and other Philologists ; A Treatise on the Figures 
 of Speech ; A Treatise on the Right and Duty of all Men 
 to read the Scriptures, New York, 1855, 12mo, pp. 468. 
 "He differs from Stuart and other prominent philologists." 
 "One of the first Biblical critics of the nineteenth century." 
 Scotsman. 
 
 Carson, James, M.D. Med. and Political treatises, 
 Liverp., 1809-15. 
 
 Carson, Joseph, M.D. Illustrations of Medical Bo 
 tany, 2 vols. 4to. Synopsis of the Course of Lectures on 
 Materia Medica and Pharmacy, delivered in the Univer 
 sity of Pennsylvania, Phila., pp. 208, 1852, 8vo. Amer. 
 edit, of Pereira's Materia Medica, Phila., 1854, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Carstairs, J. Works on Writing, Lon., 1814, '15. 
 Carstairs, or Carstares, William. See McCoR- 
 MICK, JOSEPH, D.D. 
 
 Carswell, Francis, D.D. Serms., 1684, '89, 4to. 
 Carte, Samuel, 1653-1740, Prebendary of Lichfield, 
 Coventry, England, was educated at Magdalen College, 
 Oxford. Serms., 1649, 1705, 4to. Tabula Chronologica 
 Archiepiscopatuum et Episcopatuum in Anglia et Wallia, 
 Ac., sine anno. Con. to Phil. Trans, and Bibl. Top. Brit. 
 He was an intelligent antiquary, and Dr. Willis and Dr. 
 Stukeley acknowledged his assistance. 
 
 Carte, Samuel, grandson of the above, also a learned 
 antiquary, edited Brewster's Collectanea Ecclesiastica, to 
 which he added some valuable notes. He also assisted 
 Johnson in his account of the benefactions and charities 
 of Coventry. See Archseol., x. 209, 1792. 
 
 Carte, Thomas, 1686-1754, father of the above, 
 was a native of Clifton, in Warwickshire. He was ad 
 mitted of University College, Oxford, in 1698; took his 
 degree of B.A. in 1702, and was subsequently incorporated 
 at Cambridge, where he became M. A. in 1706. After tra 
 velling on the Continent, he entered into holy orders, and 
 was appointed reader of the Abbey Church at Bath, where 
 he preached a discourse, January 30, 1714, in which he 
 vindicated the character of Charles I. with reference to 
 the Irish rebellion. This elicited a controversy with Dr. 
 Chandler, which called forth Carte's first publication The 
 Irish Massacre set in a Clear Light ; see Lord Somers's 
 Tracts. When George I. ascended the throne, Carte was 
 unwilling to take the oaths to the new government, and 
 therefore assumed a lay habit. For a time he assisted 
 Jeremy Collier, who preached to a Nonjuring congregation 
 in London. Carte was suspected of being concerned in 
 the rebellion of 1715, and orders were issued for his arrest. 
 He escaped, and became secretary to Bishop Atterbury, 
 which increased the suspicions against him, and a reward 
 of 1000 was offered for his person. Carte now fled to 
 France, where he resided for some years under the name 
 of Phipps. He mingled with men of learning, and fre 
 quented the best libraries, which enabled him to collect 
 materials for illustrating an English edition of Thuanus. 
 In 1724 he consulted Dr. Mead as to the best mode of pub 
 lication. The doctor perceived the value of the collec 
 tion, and determined to publish the whole. He purchased 
 them from Carte, and confided them to the care of Mr. 
 Buckley, who gave them to the world in 1733, 7 vols. fol. 
 By the intercession of Queen Caroline, Carte was permitted 
 to return to his native country. He arrived in England 
 between 1728 and 1730. In 1735 appeared the 3d and in 
 1736 the 1st and 2d vols. (fol.) of his History of the Life 
 of James, Duke of Ormonde, from his birth in 1610 to his 
 death in 1688. This is one of the most important histo 
 rical works in the language, and contains the fullest ac 
 count of the Irish rebellion. The author was rewarded 
 by the approbation of the best judges in the premises : 
 
 Your history is in great esteem here. All sides seem to like 
 it. The dean of St. Patrick's [Swift] honours you with his appro 
 bation. Any name after his could not add to your satisfaction 
 But I may say, the worthy and the wise are with you to a man' 
 and you have me into the bargain." Lord Orrery's Letter to Carte. 
 "Carte's Life of thg Duke of Ormonde is considered as a book 
 of authority; but it is ill written. The matter is diffused in too 
 many words; there is no animation, no compression, no vigour. 
 
 Two good volumes in duodecimo might be made out of the two 
 [three] in folio." DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 We are glad that the doctor's expunging views were not 
 adopted by the editor of the beautiful edition pub. in 1851, 
 Oxford, 6 vols. 8vo. Let the historical reader procure this 
 edition forthwith. 
 
 The author had long projected a history of England 
 finding much fault with Rapm and with Kymer's Foodera 
 and in April, 1738, he pub. "A general account of the ne 
 cessary materials for a history of England, of the society 
 and subscriptions proposed for defraying the expenses of 
 it, and the method in which he intended to proceed in 
 carrying on the work." In October 600 per annum 
 were subscribed, and the historian set to work with a glad 
 heart. We have not space in which to enumerate the 
 learned and corporate bodies who favoured this great un 
 dertaking : suffice it to say that seldom has an author been 
 so encouraged : 
 
 " Never was a history more anxiously expected, and more zeal 
 ously supported. The City of London and the University of Ox 
 ford seemed to vie with each other in their acts of generosity." 
 Dibdin's Library Companion. 
 
 In 1744 he was arrested by the government for supposed 
 designs favourable to the Pretender, but nothing was found 
 to justify his detention. In August, 1744, was printed in 
 an 8vo pamphlet, " A collection of the several papers that 
 had been published by him relative to his great work." 
 Proposals for printing were circulated in 1746, and in De 
 cember, 1747, the first volume was given to the world. 
 
 "Of the first volume of this History, 150 copies were printed on 
 royal paper, 850 on a second size, and 2000 on small paper. Of the 
 succeeding volumes, 100 only were printed on royal paper, and 050 
 on small paper." Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, ii. p. 191. 
 
 But a few lines in this noble book were permitted to 
 bring the whole into undeserved odium. Carte in one of 
 his notes, not originally intended for publication, refers 
 to the " sanative virtue of touching for the king's evil," 
 and adduces the case of a Christopher Lovel who was 
 touched by the Pretender, and cured. We make a short 
 extract, as this is a curious literary anecdote : 
 
 "From thence Christopher made his way first to Paris, and 
 thence to the place where he was touched, in the beginning of 
 November following, by the eldest lineal descendant of a race of 
 kings, who had indeed for a long succession of ages cured that 
 distemper by the royal touch. But this descendant and next heir 
 of their blood had not, at least at that time, been crowned or 
 anointed." 
 
 Now there was no treason in this. His avowed object 
 was to prove that it was an error to suppose that the " sa 
 native virtue" resided only in the eldest descendant of the 
 royal line, or in the wearer of the crown. That the Pre 
 tender had the blood-royal in his veins, no one could deny. 
 But the corporation of London, perhaps not unwilling to 
 recommend themselves to the reigning monarch by their 
 rather ostentatious loyalty, withdrew their subscriptions, 
 and the history was neglected by the Boeotians of that 
 generation. In 1749 it was retailed at a shilling a num 
 ber (36 nos., i. e. vol. 1, all yet pub.) to those who had the 
 sense to profit by the stolidity of their neighbours. But 
 Carte struggled manfully on. The 2d vol. 1216-1509 
 appeared in 1750 ; and the 3d 1509-1613 in 1752. Vol. 
 4th, 1613-54, was pub. in 1755, about a year after the au 
 thor's decease. He intended to have brought it down to 
 the Restoration. His valuable materials were left by Mrs. 
 Carte, for his lifetime, to her second husband, Mr. Jerne- 
 gan, then to be deposited in the University of Oxford. 
 Mr. Jernegan delivered them to the University in 1778, 
 for a valuable consideration. Whilst they were in his 
 possession, he charged the Earl of Hardwicke 200 for the 
 perusal of them, and Mr. Macpherson paid 300 for the 
 same privilege. His History of Great Britain, Lon., 1775, 
 2 vols. 4to, and Original Papers, 1775, 2 vols. 4to, with 
 Extracts from the Life of James II., as written by himself, 
 show that he was disposed to lose nothing by the invest 
 ment. 
 
 " The character of Macpherson seems at an end. He endeavoured 
 to deceive the public, and to make them believe that the extracts 
 he gave were from the king's own journal ; but this they were not. 
 He never saw the journal, as I have before mentioned. He made 
 extracts from the Stuart papers, and additions from Carte." Prof. 
 Smyth's Lectures on Mod. Hist. 
 
 For the ten 4to vols. of the Brunswick Papers, Macpher 
 son was indebted to a fortunate purchase of Mr. Duane's. 
 
 Mr. Jernegan was pleased with such a profitable mode 
 of assisting literary antiquaries, and as late as 1775 he 
 advertised that he was still willing to loan them for a con 
 sideration. But there were no more Earl Hardwickes and 
 Macphersons to be found, and, as we have stated, ho re 
 ceived a handsome sum in 1778 to place them in their 
 intended repository. We need not wonder that few were 
 hardy enough to attack 20 folios, 15 quartos, and soon 
 
CAR 
 
 CAR 
 
 loose papers" in MS. : for such was the bulk of those 
 which treated of matters from 1654 to 1688. Of borrowers 
 from Carte, Hume is one of the largest, and would have 
 acted with more justice by a frank acknowledgment of 
 his obligations. It is amusing to observe the cavalier 
 manner in which he incidentally alludes to Carte in his 
 notes as "a late author of great industry and learning, 
 but full of prejudices and of no penetration." The two 
 authors occupy the same relative position as those of the 
 laborious miner and the skilful polisher of the precious 
 metal, which but for the assiduity of the former might still 
 be undistinguished beneath the clod. But those who wish 
 to gather all the gold must still revert to Carte. 
 
 ' You may read Huine for his eloquence, but Carte is the his 
 torian for facts." WARTOX. 
 
 " Although the author died before the publication of the last 
 volume in 1755 intending to bring his work down to the Resto 
 ration yet he lived long enough to witness its success, and the 
 victory which he obtained over its numerous opponents, and the 
 shame attached to those who had withdrawn their original pa 
 tronage. This work will live long, and always be consulted." 
 Dibdlh's Library Companion. 
 
 "Notwithstanding our author's opinions and prejudices, his 
 general History is undoubtedly a work of great merit in point of 
 information. It is written with eminent exactness and diligence, 
 and with a perfect knowledge of original authors." Bioij. Brit. 
 
 " In the early part of the English History. I should always pre 
 fer the history of Carte to any other historian. He was indefatiga 
 ble himself, in his researches, having dedicated his whole life to 
 them, and was assisted in what relates to Wales by the labours of 
 Mr. Lewis Morris, of Penbryn, in Cardiganshire. As for his poli 
 tical prejudices, they cannot be supposed to have had any bias in 
 what relates to a transaction five hundred years ago, and which 
 hath nothing to do with the royal touch for the cure of king's 
 evil." DAINES BARRINGTOX. 
 
 " His learned work, which in other respects is but indifferently 
 Written, is replete with very useful researches, though mixed with 
 incurable prejudices." MONS. D'EYVERDUM: voyez Memoires Lit- 
 teraires de la Grande Bretagne, 1768. 
 
 Dr. Richard Rawlinson declined the arduous task of 
 completing this valuable History. Mr. "Carte also pub. 
 The History of the Revolution of Portugal, 1740, 8vo, 
 some Translations, <fcc. In 1742 he pub. A Full Answer 
 to a Letter from a Bystander, (Corbyn Morris, Esq., F.R. S,.) 
 which appeared in 1741. This elicited some other pam 
 phlets. 
 
 " These tracts embody much curious discussion and information 
 with respect to taxation, and the expenditure of the public re- 
 Venue for a lengthened period." McCulloch's Lit. ofPolit. Economy. 
 Carter. Instructions for the Ladies in Riding, 1783,8vo. 
 Carter, Benjamin, Sermons, 1712-29. 
 Carter, Bezoleel. Sermons, 1618, '21. 
 Carter, Charles. Works on Cooking, 1730, '32, 4to. 
 Carter, E., of Exeter. Con. to Phil. Mag., 1816. 
 Description of a Gas Lamp for Coal Mines. 
 
 Carter. Edmund. Artificer's Looking-Glass, Lon., 
 1726, 8vo. 
 
 Carter, Edmund. Assize Sermon, 1712, 8vo. 
 Carter, Edmund, of Chelsea. The History of the 
 County of Cambridge from the Earliest Account to the 
 Present Time, Camb., 1753, 8vo ; 2d edit., continued to 
 1819, by Wm. Upcott. 
 
 " The original edition having become extremely rare, 140 copies, 
 (100 on small, and 40 on large, paper) have been reprinted to gra 
 tify the Topographical Collector." See Upcott's Preface. 
 
 The History of the University of Cambridge, from its 
 Origin to the Year 1753; in which a particular Account is 
 given of each College and Hall, their respective Founda 
 tions, Founders, Benefactors, Bishops, Learned Writers, 
 Masters, Livings, Curiosities, &c., Lon., 1753, 8vo, pp. viii. 
 and 471, with table and errata page. 
 
 " This most inaccurate book is the best outline for a history of 
 the university, which we possess." LOWNDES. 
 
 By no means : THOMAS BAKER'S MS. Collections afford a 
 much better guide, (see the name in this volume,) where 
 we have already urged the preparation of an ATHENE 
 CANTABRIGIENSIBUS. With all due modesty, we think 
 that this Dictionary would be a great assistance to a Cam 
 bridge Anthony Wood. We give a specimen of Carter's 
 work: 
 
 " In the course of this work, Mr. Carter mentions such as were 
 most famous for their learning and abilities, belonging to that 
 University; and as a specimen of his judgment and talents for 
 characterizing learned men, take the following account of the 
 great Dr. MIDDLETOX. 
 
 " Dr. CONYERS MIDDLETON, Fellow of Trinity College, many years 
 chief librarian of this University, author of Marcus Tullius Cicero, 
 A free enquiry into the miraculous powers, &c., and some other 
 learned pieces, in which he displayed his learning, and lost his cha 
 racter, as a divine and as a churchman." See Lon. Mon. Rev., 1753. 
 After perusing this copious and perspicuous morsel of 
 biography and bibliography, even we feel encouraged to 
 proceed. 
 
 Carter, Elizabeth, 1717-1806, an ornament to her 
 sex, and an honour to her race, was the eldest daughter 
 
 of the Rev. Nicholas Carter, D.D., perpetual curate of 
 the chapel in the town of Deal, Kent. Whilst yet very 
 young, she displayed a great desire for knowledge, to which 
 was added unwearied diligence in its acquisition, which is 
 the more creditable from the difficulty she experienced in 
 learning. 
 
 " This ardent thirst after knowledge was at length crowned with 
 complete success, and her acquirements became, even very early 
 in life, such as are rarely met with. What she once gained, she 
 never afterwards lost, an effect, indeed, to be expected from the 
 intense application by which she acquired her learning, and which 
 is often by no means the case with those, the quickness of whose 
 faculties renders labour almost useless." REV. MONTAGU PENNING- 
 TON: Memoirs of Mrs. Garter, Lon., 1807, 4to. 
 
 She first made her appearance as an author in 1738, 
 when she published a volume of Poems, (in 4to,) composed 
 before she was twenty years of age. These were first pub. 
 anonymously, and were not subsequently much admired 
 by the fair author, for in another collection, pub. in 1762, 
 Svo, she only admitted two pieces from the former volume ; 
 *. e. Lines on her Birth-Day, and an Ode of Anacreon, 
 which she had trans, before her 17th year. In 1739 she 
 pub. a trans, from the French the Examen of Crousaz on 
 Pope's Essay on Man. In the same year she gave to the 
 world a trans, from the Italian of Algorotti's Newtonionis- 
 mo par le Dame; Algorotti's Explanation of Newton's 
 Philosophy for the Use of the Ladies, 2 vols. 12mo. These 
 evidences of ability gave the authoress considerable repu 
 tation in the literary world at home and abroad. Her 
 Ode to Wisdom, one of her best poetical pieces, was com 
 posed in 1746. In 1749, at the solicitation of her friend 
 Miss Talbot, and Dr. Seeker, then Bishop of Oxford, after 
 wards Archbishop of Canterbury, she commenced a trans 
 lation of the writings of Epictetus. The choice was a good 
 one. Hereby all were admitted to enter 
 
 " That noble school of Philosophy, which preserved great souls 
 untainted at the court of dissolute and ferocious tyrants, which 
 exalted the slave [Epictetus] of one of Nero's courtiers to be a 
 moral teacher of after times." SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH. 
 
 This excellent work, not originally intended for the 
 press, was pub. in 1758, 4to ; pp. 34 and 505. 1018 copies 
 were struck off at once, and 250 more within three months 
 afterwards. The price was one guinea. 
 
 " It sold so well, and the price kept up so remarkably, that some 
 years after Dr. Seeker, then Archbishop of Canterbury, brought a 
 bookseller's catalogue to her, saying, Here, Madam Carter, see 
 how ill I am used by the world ; here are my sermons selling at 
 half-price, while your Epictetus truly is not to be had under 18 
 shillings ; only three shillings less than the original subscription." 
 
 By this publication Mrs. C. was a gainer by about 
 1000. As regards the merits of this translation, it is 
 sufficient to quote Dr. Warton's opinion that it "excels 
 the original." Her reputation as a profound and elegant 
 classical scholar was now established upon a firm basis. 
 Dr. Johnson had always been a warm admirer of her 
 talents, and as early as April, 1738, wrote to Cave: 
 
 " I have composed a Greek epigram to Eliza, and think she 
 ought to be celebrated in as many different languages as Lewis le 
 Grand." See Gent. Mag., April, 1738, for this Epigram to Eliza. 
 
 Cave thought that they should be better known to each 
 other, and introduced them. Johnson was then 29, and 
 " Eliza" 21. She mentioned the name of her new ac 
 quaintance to her father, in a letter to the worthy clergy 
 man. His answer is amusing to the present generation : 
 . " You mention Johnson ; but that is a name with which I am 
 utterly unacquainted. Neither his scholastic, critical, nor poeti 
 cal character ever reached my ears. I a little suspect his judgment 
 if he is very fond of Martial" Pennington's Memoirs of Mrs. 
 Carter. 
 
 Now, when a young lady dwells in her letters upon the 
 name of a new male acquaintance, especially if she be of 
 a literary turn, and adduce his literary tastes, be assured 
 that her heart is no Gibraltar. Even Johnson's physical 
 ugliness could be forgotten in the classic charm of his 
 comments upon Martial, and other worthies of the "elder 
 time." But, alas for his corpulent, elderly wife, alas for 
 Mrs. Johnson ! she was too substantial to be dissipated by 
 the incantations of Anacreon or the reveries of Plato ! 
 Perhaps this is all imagination on our part. Perhaps 
 there was nothing more like love for Johnson than she 
 would have felt for the animated bust of Epictetus had it 
 suddenly assumed life and corrected the translator's ver 
 sion. However, they lived in friendship for nearly half a 
 century, that is, until Johnson's death in 1784. Some of 
 our readers of the gentler sex will tell us that the airy 
 tissue of Love could never be woven into the substantial 
 fabric of a 46 years' friendship ! Perhaps this is as proper 
 a place as any to state that Elizabeth Carter was never 
 married. Seriously, we have no idea of any stronger feel 
 ing than mutual regard between the author of Rasselaa 
 and the translator of Epictetus. That under other cir- 
 
 347 
 
CAR 
 
 CAR 
 
 cumstances, there was sufficient congeniality of taste to 
 have led to more tender sentiments, no one can question. 
 That Mrs. Carter would have made a good wife, we have 
 Johnson's own authority : 
 
 " Upon hearing a lady commended for her learning, Dr. Johnson 
 said, l A man is in general better pleased when he has a good 
 dinner upon his table, than when his wife talks Greek. My old 
 friend Mrs. Carter,' he added, ' could make a pudding as well as 
 translate Epietetus from the Greek; and work a handkerchief as 
 well as compose a poem.' " 
 
 Johnson as early as 1738 had been anxious that she 
 should turn her learning to account, for Cave writes to 
 Birch in that year : 
 
 " Mr. Johnson advises Miss C. to undertake a translation of Boe- 
 thius de Cons, because there is prose and verse, and to put her 
 name to it when published." 
 
 When a celebrated Greek scholar was spoken of, the 
 doctor remarked, " Sir, he is the best Greek scholar in 
 England, except ELIZABETH CARTER." It is not a little 
 curious that the lady's translation of Crousaz's Examen 
 of Pope's Essay on Man was ascribed to Johnson. Bos- 
 well quotes an article from Dr. Birch's MSS. in the British 
 Museum, which confirmed his opinion that his "guide, 
 philosopher, and friend" was not the translator : 
 
 " Elisae Carters S. P. D. Thomas Birch Versionern tuum Exa- 
 minis Crousaziani jam perlegi. . . . Summam styli et elegantiam, 
 et in re difficillima proprietatem. admiratus. Dabaru Novemb. 27, 
 1738." See Birch MSS., Brit. Mus., 4323. 
 
 As a linguist, Mrs. Carter was familiar to a greater or 
 less degree with Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Italian, Spanish, 
 French, and German. 
 
 Of the few numbers contributed to the Rambler, Nos. 
 44 and 100 are by Mrs. C. Eighteen years after their 
 first introduction, Johnson writes with much gallantry to 
 the lady : 
 
 "The name of Miss Carter introduces the memory of Cave. 
 Poor dear Cave! I owed him much; for to him I owe that I have 
 known you." -Jan. 14, 1756. 
 
 Twenty-eight years later Johnson remarked at the Essex 
 Club: 
 
 " I dined yesterday at Mrs. Garrick's with Mrs. Carter, Miss 
 Hannah More, and Fanny Burney. Three such women are not to 
 be found." 
 
 Thus comely and pleasant was that friendship which for 
 nearly half a century nothing had broken ; but Death ac 
 complished what naught else could, and in a few months 
 after the above was spoken, the " mourners went about the 
 streets" for one of the greatest of philosophers and best of 
 men. Mrs. Carter's testimony to his worth should have 
 great weight with those petty cavillers who would question 
 the excellence of an apostle, if he should happen to prove 
 that he was not quite an angel also ! 
 
 " I see by the papers that Dr. Johnson is dead. In extent of 
 learning, and exquisite purity of moral writing, he has left no su 
 perior, and I fear very few equals. His virtues and his piety were 
 founded on the steadiest of Christian principles and faith. His 
 faults, I firmly believe, arose from the irritations of a most suffer 
 ing state of nervous constitution, which scarcely ever allowed him 
 a moment's ease." Letter to Mrs. Montagu. 
 
 Be it remembered that this is the testimony of one of 
 the wisest of women and most devout of Christians. Let 
 those who would be convinced of this especially let all 
 of that sex upon which she has conferred such undying 
 honour peruse the Memoirs of her Life by Mr. Penning- 
 ton, (1807, 4to; 1808, 2 vols. 8vo,) and her Letters to Miss 
 Talbot and Mrs. Vesey (1808, 2 vols. 4to; 1809, 4 vols. 
 Svo;) and to Mrs. Montagu, (1817, 3 vols. 8vo.) The fol 
 lowing commendation from one of the most polished gen 
 tlemen of Europe will have far more weight than any 
 thing which we can urge : 
 
 " Mrs. Carter's Correspondence pleases me very much ; the purity 
 and respectability of their lives. [Mrs. Carter and Mrs. Vesey,] 
 their uninterrupted friendship, the elegance of their pursuits- 
 form altogether an agreeable subject of conversation." SIR JAMES 
 MACKINTOSH. 
 
 So truly humble was the unobtrusive female whom the 
 rank and genius of the land delighted to honour, that 
 when Mr. Pennington, her nephew, told her of his design 
 of writing some account of her life if he should survive 
 her, she replied " What can be said of so obscure an in 
 dividual as I am ? and what do you think the world will 
 care about me ?" 
 
 What a noble example does this excellent woman pre 
 sent for the emulation of her sex ! We have occasionally 
 in the course of this volume felt it our duty to stimulate 
 the ambition of our female readers to the acquisition of 
 something better than mere fashionable elegance, and 
 nobler conquests than those afforded by the Opera or the 
 Ball-room. The amelioration of the heart, the cultivation 
 of the intellect, the visitation of the poor and wretched, 
 the instruction of the ignorant, and the duties of devotion, 
 surely have higher and holier claims upon immortal be- 
 348 
 
 ings than the frivolities of fashion and the petty compe 
 titions of rivalry, where success is without honour, and 
 pre-eminence entitled only to contempt. 
 
 Carter, Francis, d. 1783. A Journey from Gibral 
 tar to Malaga, Lon., 1777, 2 vols. 8vo ; plates sold sepa 
 rately; reprinted, 1778, 2 vols. 8vo, including the plates. 
 Mr. C. resided long in Spain, and collected a library of 
 books in the Spanish language, of which he drew up a 
 descriptive catalogue, with biographical notes and speci 
 mens of style. Only one sheet was pub. An Historical 
 and Critical Account of early-printed Spanish Books 
 when he was overtaken by death. Mr. George Ticknor, 
 of Boston, has recently published A History of Spanish 
 Literature, New York, and London, 1849, 3 vols. Svo, 
 which has been highly commended, (v. n.) 
 
 Carter, Francis, M.D. An Account of the various 
 \ Systems of Medicine, from the days of Hippocrates to the 
 present time, Lon., 1788, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " So far is the author from giving an account of the various sys 
 tems, &c., that he wholly omits several, touches but slightly on a 
 few, and fully explains only one system, viz., that of Dr. Brown. 
 Dr. Carter seems no less inclined to abuse, than was his late friend, 
 Dr. B. ; but he abuses with less art and less keenness. We shall 
 conclude with an Jiumble hint to the defenders of the Brunonian 
 doctrine: a weak cause requires a strong advocate; but we have 
 not observed that any very powerful champion hath yet entered 
 the lists in favour of the opinions maintained by the late Dr. 
 Brown." Lon. Monthly Review, 1789. 
 
 Carter, George. Loss of the Grosvenor E. India- 
 man, 1791, 8vo. 
 
 Carter, Harry W., M.D. Remarks upon a pub. by 
 Belsham, 1819, 8vo. 
 
 Carter, Henry Y., Surgeon. Con. to Med. Facts, 
 1792-95. 
 
 Carter, John. Vindieiae Decimarium, Lon., 1640, 
 4to. This is a plea for the Jus Divinum of Tithes, based 
 on Hebrews vii. 8. 
 
 Carter, John. The Nail hit on the Head; two 
 Serms., Lon., 1547, 4to. The Tomb-stone, and a rare 
 Sight, Lon., 1653, 12mo. 
 
 Carter, John. Life of J. C., the Author's Father, 
 1653, Svo. 
 
 Carter, John. Practical English Grammar, Leeds, 
 
 1773, Svo. 
 
 Carter, John. Treatises on Infant Baptism, &c., 
 
 1774, '80, '81, '88. 
 
 Carter, John. Albert; a Tragedy, 1787, Svo. 
 
 Carter, John, F. S. A., an eminent architect, 1748- 
 1817, was a native of London. Specimens of Ancient 
 Sculpture now remaining in England ; commenced in 
 numbers, 1780, terminated in 1794; not completed; price 
 15 15s.; new edit., much improved, with illuminations 
 and complete Index, 1838, 2 vols. r. fol. in one ; 8 8s., 
 120 large engravings. The letter-press was written by 
 Francis Douce, the Rev. Mr. Milner, Sir S. R. Meyrick, 
 Dawson Turner, John Britton, and Messrs. Gough, Bray, 
 Fenn, Hawkins, &c. Collection of 120 views of ancient 
 Buildings in England, 1786, 6 vols. 32mo. ; repub. as 
 Specimens of Gothic Architecture; ancient buildings in 
 England, comprised in 120 views, Lon., 1824, 4 vols. 
 16mo. This includes Warton's Essay on Gothic Archi 
 tecture. Progress of Architecture, 4to. His magnum opus 
 was The Ancient Architecture of England, 1795-1816; 
 2 vols. fol., vol. i. 21 nos. : of vol. ii. only 7 nos. were pub. 
 A new edition, enlarged and improved, was pub. by Mr. 
 John Britton in 1837, 2 vols. r. fol. in one; 4 4s. 
 
 "This great national work exhibits almost every important 
 Architectural Remain in the kingdom, from the earliest time to 
 the reigns of Henry III. and Edward III.; together with nume 
 rous Details, Ornaments, &c. It has always been considered one 
 of the most useful books the architectural student can possess." 
 
 "This original and important work contains, in 109 large plates, 
 as many Architectural Examples, Ornaments, and Antiquities, as 
 on the ordinary plan of publishing would suffice for at least twenty 
 folios." 
 
 " Mr. Carter was the first to point out to the public the right 
 way of delineating and representing the component and detached 
 parts of the Old Buildings of England. His National Work on 
 Ancient Architecture occupied him, in drawing, etching, arrang 
 ing, and publishing, more than twenty years. It is highly valu 
 able." Britten's Arch. Antiq., v. 38, 68. 
 
 " This Collection supplied a want which has long been felt, and 
 enabled the architect to do his work." Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 Mr. Carter pub. many criticisms in the Gent. Mag., 
 1798-1817, upon Architectural Innovation, in which he 
 severely censures the alterations made in the cathedrals 
 of Salisbury, Durham, Lichfield, Ac. 
 
 "The enthusiastic zeal of that able draughtsman and antiquary 
 was undoubtedly effectual in checking the mutilation of ancient 
 monuments. ' WE NE'ER SHALL LOOK UPON HIS LIKE AGAIN.'" PLGIN. 
 
 See, also, Memoir of John Carter, by W. J. Dampicr, 
 p. Svo. 
 
CAR 
 
 Carter, Landon, of Virginia. Con. to Trans. Amer. 
 Soc., i. 274, 1789 ; on the Fly-Weevil that destroys the 
 wheat. 
 
 Carter, Matthew. Expedition of Kent, Essex, and 
 Colchester, Lon., 1650, 8vo. 
 
 "This tract records several particulars not noticed by Lord 
 Clarendon and our general historians." LOWNDES. 
 
 Honour Redivivus, or the Analysis of Honour and Har 
 mony, 1660, '65, 73, 8vo. 
 
 Carter, Nathaniel Hazeltine, 1788?- 1830, a 
 poet, was a native of New Hampshire. Letters from 
 Europe, 1827, 2 vols. 8vo. His longest poetical piece was 
 The Pains of Imagination, delivered at Dartmouth Col 
 lege. See Specimens of Amer. Poetry for his Hymn for 
 Christmas. 
 
 Carter, Nicholas, D.D. Sermons, 1716-57, 4to 
 and 8vo. 
 
 Carter, Peter. A Latin treatise, Lon., 1563, 8vo; 
 in Johannis Setoni Dialecticam Annotationes, Ac. 
 
 Carter, Ralph. Trial of George Timewell, Lon., 
 1748, 8vo. 
 
 Carter, Richard. The Schismatick stigmatized, 
 Lon., 1641, 8vo. 
 
 Carter, Samuel. Legal Reports and Treatises, 
 Lon., 1688-1737. 
 
 Carter, Thomas. Serms., 1645, Ac. 
 Carter, Thomas, 1768-1800, a musical composer, 
 was the author of " Nanny, wilt thou gang with me ?" 
 " Stand to your guns, my hearts of oak," &c. 
 
 Carter, Thomas Thelluson, Rector of Clewer. 
 1. Doctrine of the Priesthood, 1857, 8vo. 2. Life of Bishop 
 Armstrong, fcp., 1857, 8vo : see ARMSTRONG, JOHN, D.D. 
 3. Sermons. 
 
 Carter, William. Serms., 1642, '48, '54 
 Carter, William, or Wooll. Publications on Trade, 
 Ac., Lon., 1671-94. 
 
 Carter, William, M. D. Med. Treatises, Lon., 
 1771, 72. 
 
 Carter, William, Lt. A Detail of the several En 
 gagements, Ac. of the Royal and American Armies,1775- 
 76, Lon., 1784, 4to. 
 
 Carteret, John, Viscount Carteret and Earl Gran- 
 ville, 1690-1763, contributed to S. Buckley's 3d letter to 
 Dr. Mead, respecting B.'s edit, of Thuanus, a character of 
 that historian, (v. p. 21,) and favoured Buckley with some 
 useful hints concerning the enterprise. See BUCKLEY, 
 SAMUEL, and CARTE, THOMAS. 
 
 Johnson excused his Letter on the Battle of Dettingen 
 upon the plea of want of practice ; and his lordship him 
 self did not consider it a classical piece of composition^ 
 for he remarked, when he had finished it, 
 
 " Here is a letter expressed in terms not good enough for a tal 
 low-chandler to have used." 
 
 His lordship, however, had learning, if he lacked style, 
 and turned it to profitable account in procuring MSS. for 
 Dr. Bentley's use when urging him to undertake a new 
 edition of Homer. In this connection, an anecdote occurs 
 to us, too good to be omitted : 
 
 The great Bentley, who was known to old Lady Gran- 
 ville only as " the country clergyman," when in town 
 would spend the evenings with Lord Carteret in classica 
 conversations. On one occasion Lady Granville rebukec 
 her son for having kept " the country clergyman" up th 
 night before till he became intoxicated. His lordship 
 denied that his friend was in such an unclerical condition 
 Lady Granville replied that "the clergyman could no 
 have sung in so ridiculous a manner, unless he had been 
 in liquor." " The truth was, that the singing thus mis 
 taken by her ladyship, was Dr. Bentley's endeavour to in 
 struct and entertain his noble friend by reciting Terence 
 according to the true cantilena of the ancients !" 
 
 Amidst his lordship's struggles for place and power, hi 
 had an affectation of saying " I love my fireside." Thi 
 gave rise to the amusing poetical satire by Hawkin 
 Browne, entitled, The Fire-side ; a Pastoral Soliloquy 
 He gave a copy of the Bible to a friend, who shortly afte 
 displayed it to him in an elegant binding. "You hav 
 done with it," said his lordship, " as the king has don 
 with me : he made me fine, and he laid me by." 
 
 " Lord Granville had great parts, and a most uncommon share o 
 learning for a man of quality. He was one of the best speakers in 
 the House of Lords, both in the declamatory and the argumentativ 
 way. . . . His character may be summed up in nice precision, quic 
 decision, and unbridled presumption." LORD CHESTERFIELD. 
 
 Carteret, Capt. Philip. Voyage round the Worl 
 in 1766, '67, '68, '69 : see Hawkesworth's Voyages, i. 522 
 1773. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1770 : of Camelopardalis foun 
 at the Cape of Good Hope. 
 
 CAR 
 
 Carthew, Thomas. Reports of Cases in the King'* 
 Bench from 3d Jas. II. to 12 Will. III., Lon., 1728, fol. ; 
 d edit, with additions, 1741, fol. 
 " Carthew, in general, is a good reporter." LORD KENYON. 
 "I own that he is in general a very good and a very faithful re- 
 wrter, but I lancy he was mistaken in the case of Leigh v. Brace." 
 CHIEF JUSTICE WILLES. 
 
 " Carthew and Counterbach are equally bad authority." LORD 
 HURLOW. 
 
 Now the lawyers may settle this case for the judges, as 
 hey think best. It is too knotty for a layman. 
 
 Cartouche, L. D. His Life and Actions, Lon.,. 
 1722, 8vo. 
 
 Cartwright, Mrs. Novels and Memoirs, Lon., 1779, 
 80, '85, 'b7, 12mo. 
 
 Cartwright, Charles, M.D. His unfortunate Ad 
 ventures, Lon., 1741, 8vo. 
 
 Cartwright, Charles. Commercial Treatises, 1782,. 
 
 5, 8vo. 
 
 Cartwright, Christopher, 1602-1658. Electa Tar- 
 guraico-Rabbinica; sive adnotationes in Genesin ex trip- 
 lici Targum, Ac., Lon., 1648, 12mo. Idem in Exodum, 
 1653, 12mo. 
 
 " The Targums referred to are those of Onkelos, Jonathan, and 
 the Jerusalem. Rabbi Solomon, Aben Ezra, and other Jewish 
 writers, are often quoted. The Septuagint, and the versions of 
 Aquila, Theodotion, and Symmachus, are also used." ORME. 
 
 Mellificium Hebraicum, sive observationes ex Hebrae- 
 orum Antiquiorum monumentis desumptae, Ac. j in the 
 8th vol. of the Critici Sacri, pp. 1271, 1426. 
 
 It applies successfully the Rabbinical writings to the illustra 
 tions of the Scriptures." ORME. 
 
 " To our learned countryman, Cartwright, belongs the honour 
 of being the first who applied the more ancient writings of the 
 Jews to the illustration of the Bible. He was followed in the 
 same path of literature by Drusius, whose Prccterita sive Annota 
 tiones in Totum Jesu Christi Testamentum, (4to, Fran., 1612,) con 
 tain many valuable illustrations of the New Testament. Some 
 additions were subsequently made to his work by Balthasar 
 Scheidius, whose Praeterita Praeteritorum are included in the 
 publication of Meuschen Novum Testamentum ex Talmude, 
 &c., Lipsize, 1736, 4to." T. H. HORNE. 
 
 Cartwright pub. some other works. 
 
 Cartwright, Edmund, 1743-1823, a Fellow of Mag 
 dalen College, Oxford. Constantia, 1768, 4to. Almine and 
 Elvira, 1775, 4to; 9th edit., with other poems, 1804, 8vo. 
 The Prince of Peace, and other poems, 1779, 4to. Sonnets 
 to Eminent Men, 1783, 4to. A Memorial, 1800, 8vo. 
 Serms., 1802, '08, 8vo. Letters and Sonnets addressed to 
 Lord John Russell, 1807, 12mo. 
 
 " Almost of historical value in reference to the present high 
 standing of his lordship, the letters being early attempts at direct 
 ing his j udgment and improving his literary tastes." 
 
 Cartwright, Eliza. To this lady we are Jndebted 
 for the literary portion of Mr. John Gilbert's Chrono 
 logical Pictures of English History, Lon., imp. fol. 
 
 "An elegant mode of insinuating a knowledge of English His 
 tory." Asiatic Journal. 
 
 Cartwright, Frances D. The Life and Corre 
 spondence of her uncle, Major (John) Cartwright, Lon,, 
 2 vols. 8vo. This work contains a map of his discoveries 
 and explorations in the interior of Newfoundland, re 
 marks on the situation of the Aborigines, correspondence 
 with President Jefferson, Ac. 
 
 " An entertaining and rather curious piece of biography." 
 Lon. Monthly Review, July, 1826. 
 
 Cartwright, Francis. Life, Confession, Ac., Lon., 
 1621, 4tb. 
 
 Cartwright, George. The Heroic Lover, Lon., 
 1661, 8vo. 
 
 Cartwright, George. Journal of nearly 16 years' 
 Residence in the Coast of Labrador, Newark, 1792, 3 
 vols. 4to. 
 
 " The annals of his Campaigns among the Foxes and Beavers 
 interested me more than ever did the exploits of Marlborough or 
 Frederick; besides. I saw plain truth and the heart in Cartwright's 
 Book ; and in what history could I look for these ? The print is 
 an excellent likeness." COLERIDGE. 
 
 Cartwright, J. Serm., Lon., 1791, 8vo. 
 
 Cartwright, John. A Preacher's Travels, Lon., 
 1611, 4to. See Purchas's Pilgrim, vol. ii., and Osburne's 
 Voyages, i. 709, 1745. 
 
 Cartwright, Major John, 1740-1824, of the Royal 
 Navy, and Major in the Nottinghamshire Militia, was a 
 warm friend of the Independence of America, and refused 
 to fight against her liberties. In 1774 he pub. American 
 Independence the Glory and Interest of Great Britain ; 2d 
 edit, 1775. A list of his political pamphlets will be found 
 in Watt's Bib. Brit. His Life and Correspondence by his 
 niece are noticed above. He corresponded with a number 
 of American gentlemen, and at home was an earnest advo 
 cate of annual parliaments and universal suffrage. The 
 
 349 
 
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 CAR 
 
 following eulogy upon his character from a distinguished 
 source is worthy of quotation : 
 
 " He was one whose enlightened mind and profound constitu 
 tional knowledge placed him in the highest rank of public cha 
 racter, and whose purity of principle and consistency of conduct 
 through life commanded the most respectful attention to his opi 
 nions." CHARLES JAMES Fox. 
 
 Cartwrignt, Thomas, 1535P-1603, a celebrated Pu 
 ritan divine, was a native of Hertfordshire. He was ad 
 mitted of St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1550, and in 
 1560 was chosen Fellow. In 1567 he commenced B.D., 
 and in 1570 was chosen Lady Margaret Divinity Reader. 
 His lectures gave great offence to Archbishop Grindal, who 
 complained to Sir William Cecil, Chancellor of the Uni 
 versity, that the students were " in danger to be poisoned 
 with a love of contention and a liking of novelty." Dr. 
 Whitgift also found fault, not only with his public state 
 ments, but also with " what he had uttered to him in pri 
 vate conference." He was forbidden to read any more 
 lectures until further orders, and in 1571, when Dr. Whit- 
 gift became Vice-Chancellor of the University, Cartwright 
 was deprived of his Professorship, and in 1572 his Fellow 
 ship was taken from him. He visited the Continent, where 
 he remained for some years, and, returning, followed up 
 Field and Wilcox's admonition to the Parliament by a 
 Second Admonition for relief against the subscription re 
 quired by the ecclesiastical commissioners, 1572. To this 
 Dr. Whitgift pub. an answer the same year. Cartwright j 
 replied in 1573, and Whitgift responded in 1574, which ' 
 last elicited two more publications from Cartwright in 1575 
 and 1577. To the disgrace of the government, he was 
 several times imprisoned, and his health injured by con 
 finement and bad treatment. An Admonition to the People 
 of England, Ac., Lon., 1589, 4to. A Briefe Apologie, Ac., 
 Lon., 1596, 4to. In librum Salomonis qui inscribitur Ec- 
 clesiastes, Ac., Lon., 1604, 4to. Metaphrasis et Homiliae 
 in Ecclesiasten, Marp. Catt., 1604, 8vo ; Amst., 1632, '47, 
 4to. Comment, upon Epistle to the Romans, Lon., 1612, 
 4to. A Body of Divinity, Lon., 1616, 4to. A Confutation 
 of the Rhemish Translation, Glosses, and Annotations on 
 the New Testament, 1618, fol. 
 
 ' " It came forth privately without license, and seems to have been 
 printed abroad." Strype's Annals. 
 
 " The confutation of the English Roman Catholic version of the 
 New Testament displays the writer's extensive acquaintance with 
 the Scriptures, and the power of his controversial talents. All the 
 passages in dispute between Catholics and Protestants are largely 
 discussed." ORME. 
 
 " In 1749 a new edition of the Anglo-Romish Bible, with some 
 alterations in the text, and many in the notes, was published from 
 the copy of Dr. Chaloner, titular bishop of Debra, and one of the 
 vicars-apostolic of the Romish Church in England. Various other 
 editions have been printed at different times and in different sizes." 
 T. H. HORNE. 
 
 Commentarii in Proverbia Salomonis, Ac., Lug. Bat., 
 1617, fol. ; Amst,, 1638, 4to. The Pope's Deadlie Wound, 
 Ac., Lon., 1621, 4to. Commentaria Practicain totum His- 
 toriam Evangelicam, ex quatuor Evangelistis harmonice 
 concinnatum, 1630, fol. ; elegantly printed by Elzevir at 
 Amst., 1647, 4to, under the title Harmonia Evangelica, Ac. 
 An English version appeared in 1650. A Directory for 
 Church Government, 1644, 4to. 
 
 " Cartwright was the leader of the Puritans, and remarkable for 
 his extensive acquaintance with the Scriptures, and the power of 
 his controversial talents." PARK. 
 
 " He continued his diligence and assiduities in his studies even 
 in his old age ; and his usual manner was to rise at two, three, and 
 four o'clock in the morning at the latest, both summer and winter; 
 notwithstanding that his bodily infirmities were such that he was 
 forced to study continually upon his knees. . . . His manner was 
 not to keep any more money in his purse, but what might serve 
 for charitable uses. He was very bountiful to poor scholars. He 
 distributed money every Sabbath-day among the poor of the town 
 of Warwick, besides what he gave to the prisoners, and upon other 
 occasions both at home and abroad." Clarke's Lives of 32 English 
 Divines, <c. 
 
 " One saith, < for riches, he sought them not,' and another saith, 
 'that he died rich;' and I believe both say true; God sometimes 
 making wealth to find them who seek not for it. seeing many and 
 great were his benefactors." Fuller's Worthies. 
 
 See Biog. Brit.; Zouch's Walton's Lives; Strype's Par 
 ker ; Strype's Grindal ; Peck's Desiderata. 
 
 Cartwright, Thomas, 1634-1689, supposed to be 
 grandson to the preceding, was a native of Northampton. 
 He was educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, but was re 
 moved to Queen's College by the Parliamentary Visitors 
 in 1649; Prebendary of Durham, 1672; Dean of Ripon, 
 1677; Bishop of Chester, 1686. He was one of the Com 
 missioners in the attempt made by James II. to control the 
 President and Fellows of Magdalen College. Sermons, 
 Speech, Ac., 1662-87. 
 
 We can say nothing in commendation of Bishop Cart 
 wright. 
 
 350 
 
 Cartwright, Thomas, of Q. College, Oxf. Serms., 
 1659, 4to. 
 
 Cartwright, William, 1611-1643, anative of North- 
 way, Gloucestershire, was educated at Westminster, and 
 Christ Church, Oxford. He took holy orders in 1638. 
 
 " He became the most florid and seraphical preacher in the Uni 
 versity. . . . His preaching was so graceful and profound withal, 
 that none of his time or age went beyond him." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 But he seems to have been unwilling to relinquish the 
 society of the Muses. He pub. The Royal Slave ; a Tragi- 
 Comedy, Oxf., 1639, 4to; 1640, 4to. To the Earl of Pem 
 broke and Montgomery, 1641, fol. Comedies. Tragi-Come- 
 dies, with other Poems, 1641. Poemata Graeca et Latina, 
 and some other pieces. In 1643 he was chosen Junior 
 Proctor of the University of Oxford, and Reader in Meta 
 physics, and died the same year of a malignant fever. An 
 edit, of his Plays and Poems was pub. in 1651, 8vo, pre 
 ceded by fifty copies of verses, highly eulogistic, from the 
 chief literary characters of the day. Of this edit, some 
 copies contain more matter than others. See Bliss's Wood's 
 Athen. Oxon. Perhaps there is no instance in the annals 
 of English literature of an author more admired by his 
 contemporaries of distinction than Cartwright appears to 
 have been. Indeed, he is now better known by the praises 
 of others than by his own works. These, with the excep 
 tion of his plays, which are now entirely neglected, consist 
 principally of political addresses to distinguished characters 
 of the day. We quote a few of the commendations which 
 were showered so profusely upon Cartwright and his me 
 mory: 
 
 " Cartwright, rare Cartwright, to whom all must bow, 
 That was best preacher, and best poet too ; 
 Whose learned fancy never was at rest, 
 But always labouring, yet labour' d least." JOHN LEIGH. 
 " His style so pleases the judicious Gown, 
 As that there's something too for Wits o' th' town : 
 Rough-handed Critics do approve, and yet 
 'Tis treasure for the Ladies cabinet." RALPH BATHURST. 
 Cartwright is the utmost man can come to." Da. EELL, Bishop 
 of Oxford. See also Mayne's and Stapylton's lines. 
 " My son Cartwright writes all like a man." BEX. JONSON. 
 " He was another Tully and Virgil, as being most excellent for 
 oratory and poetry, in which faculties, as also in the Greek tongue, 
 he was so full and absolute, that those who knew him best, knew 
 not in which he most excelled. ... If the wits read his poems, di 
 vines his sermons, and philosophers his lectures on Aristotle's 
 metaphysics, they would scarce believe that he died at a little above 
 thirty years of age." ANTHONY WOOD. 
 
 " He was extremely remarkable both for his outward and inward 
 
 endowments, his body being as handsome as his soul. . . . He was 
 
 an excellent orator, and yet an admirable poet, a quality which 
 
 Cicero with all his pains could not attain to." GERARD LANGBAINE. 
 
 Cartwright, William. Stenography, Lon.,1652,12mo. 
 
 Cartwright, Rev. William. Seasons of Life; a 
 
 Poem, 1786, 8vo. 
 
 Cams, William, Canon of Winchester. Sermon, 
 1 Tim. iv. 16, Camb., 1845, 8vo. Memoirs of the Life of 
 Charles Simeon ; with a Selection from his Writings and 
 Correspondence, Lon.., 1847, 8vo. 
 
 Carvalho, S. IV., of Baltimore, accompanied Col. 
 Fremont in one of his exploring-tours. Perilous Adven 
 tures in the Far West, N: York, 1856, 12mo. 
 
 Carve, Thomas, Tipperariensis, a priest, Apos 
 tolic Notary, and Vicar-Choral of St. Stephen's, b. 1590, 
 living in 1672, when he pub. his Responsio Veridica. 1. 
 Itinerarivm, (Pars I.,) Mogunt, 1639, 18mo. Editio tertia 
 auctior correctior, 1640, 18mo. Pars II., 1641, ISino. 
 Pars III., Spirae, 1646, 18mo. The Itinerarium was also 
 pub. in German, 1640, 18mo. 2. Rerum German icum, 
 1617-41; s. 1.; 1641, 12mo. 3. Lyra, seu Anacephalaeosis 
 Hibernica, Ac., Viennse, Austriae, (1651,) 4to. Editio se- 
 cunda, Sulzbaci, 1666, 4to. Nicolson says that the first 
 ed. was in 1660. 4. Responsio Veridica ad illotum Libel- 
 lum, Solisbaci, 1672, 18mo. See an account of Carve's 
 j very rare works in Bibliotheca Grenvilliana, vol. i. 118- 
 119. See also Bp. Nicolson's Irish Hist. Lib., ed. 1776, 9. 
 Carver, J. Treatise on Arithmetic, 1815. 
 Carver, Capt. Jonathan, 1732-1780, a native of 
 Stillwater, Connecticut, commanded a company in the 
 French War. He travelled 7000 miles, being absent two 
 years and five months, through the interior portions of 
 North America, with a design to the public benefit. In 
 1778 he pub. Travels through the interior parts of North 
 America in the years 1766, '67, and '68, Lon., 8vo ; 3d edit, 
 with an account of his Life by Dr. Lettsom, Lon., 1781, Svo. 
 He died in great poverty, and it was owing to Dr. Lettsom's 
 account of his sufferings and ill-requited labours for the 
 English government, that the Literary Fund was established. 
 Carver also pub. A Treatise on the Culture of the Tobacco 
 Plant, Lon., 1779, Svo. The New Universal Traveller, 
 Lon., 1779, fol. This is not his production, but he is said 
 
CAR 
 
 to have lent his name to it. An edit, of his Travels was 
 pub. at Boston in 1797. 
 
 " There is much information in this work respecting that part 
 of America which has lately attracted so much attention from its 
 vicinity to the supposed northwest passage; it is in all other re 
 spects, except natural history, an interesting and instructive work. 
 Stevenson's Voyages and Travels. 
 
 Carver, Marmaduke. Sermons, Lon., 1662, '66, 8vo. 
 
 Carwell, Thomas. Labyrinthus Cantuariensis j or 
 Dr. Laud's Labyrinth, Paris, 1658, fol. 
 
 Carwithen, J.B. S., 1781-1832, P. Curate of Sand 
 hurst, Berks, 1810 ; of Frimley, Hants, 1814. A View of 
 the Brahminical Religion, Lon., 1810. Hist, of the Church 
 of England ; 2d edit., Oxf., 1849, 2 vols. sm. 8vo : for re 
 view, see Brit. Crit., vii. 45, and xiv. 45. 
 
 Carwithin, Rev. William. The Seasons of Life : 
 a Poem in four parts, 1788, 8vo. 
 
 Cary. Solemn Call to Baptism, 1690, 8vo. 
 
 Cary, Anthony, fourth Viscount Falkland, wrote Pro 
 logues to The Old Bachelor, and to Otway's Soldier's 
 Fortune. 
 
 Cary, Sir George. Reports of Cases in Chancery, 
 Ac., Lon., 1650; 1655, Svo; 1820, 12mo. 
 
 Cary, Henry, Earl of Monmouth. See CAREY. 
 
 Cary, Henry, first Viscount Falkland, d. 1633, was 
 sent to Exeter College, Oxford, at the age of 16, where he 
 acquired distinction by his talents. He was Comptroller 
 of the Household, and in 1622 created Lord Deputy of 
 Ireland. The History of King Edward; pub. from Lord 
 Falkland's MS. in 1680, fol. and Svo. A Letter to James I. 
 Epitaph on Elizabeth, Countess of Huntingdon. These 
 were all that were pub. from a number of MS. works. 
 
 " He was a most accomplished gentleman, and complete cour 
 tier." Fuller's Worthies. 
 
 " Lord Falkland seems to have been more distinguished by his 
 rectitude than abilities." DR. LELAND : Hist, of Ireland. 
 
 " Lord Falkland, instead of enriching himself by his great places, 
 wasted a full fortune at court, in those offices and employments by 
 which other men use to obtain a greater." EARL OF CLARENDON : 
 Hist, of the Rebellion. 
 
 Cary, Henry. Poems on several occasions, Lon., 1720, 
 12mo; 1729, 4to. 
 
 Cary, Henry. Fruit of Pleading, in Sir Edward 
 Coke's Reports, Lon., 1601, Svo. The Law of England; 
 or a true Guide for all Persons concerned in Ecclesiastical 
 Courts, Lon., 1666, 12mo. 
 
 Cary , Henry. The Law of Partnership, Lon.,1 827,8vo. 
 
 " Cary on Partnership has nothing in particular to recommend 
 it, except it be the addition of new Cases, arising since the publi 
 cation of Mr. Gow, [4th edit, of Gow, Lon., 1841, 8vo.]" 3 Kent's 
 Com., 69. 
 
 On the Statutes relating to Offences against the Person, 
 Lon., 1S28, 12mo. A Commentary on the Tenures of Lit 
 tleton, written prior to the publication of Coke upon Lit 
 tleton. Edited by Henry Cary from the MSS. in the British 
 Museum, Lon., 1829, Svo. The author of this Commentary 
 lived temp. James I. ; his name is unknown. Some of his 
 illustrations have been highly commended, but 
 
 "As far as authority is concerned, no newly-discovered and 
 anonymous manuscript can compete with the reputation of the 
 First Institute." See Hoffman's Legal Study ; Marvin's Leg. Bibl. 
 
 Cary, Henry, of Worcester College, Oxford, son of 
 the translator of Dante, Ac. Testimonies of the Fathers, 
 &c., Oxf., 1835, Svo. 
 
 " This work may be classed with those of Pearson and Bishop 
 Bull; and such a classification is not a mean honour." Church of 
 England Quarterly. 
 
 Memorials of the Great Civil War in England from 1646 
 to 1652, Lon., 1842, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " We can safely recommend this work to all lovers of historical 
 literature." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 Mr. Cary has edited new edits, of his father's Early 
 French Poets, Lives of English Poets, and trans, of Dante, 
 and also some of the works of WM. CAVE, (q. v.) 
 
 Cary, Henry Francis, 1772-1844, a native of Bir 
 mingham, pub. at the age of 15 An irregular Ode to Genera] 
 Elliott, Lon., 1787, 4to, and in the next year Sonnets and 
 Odes, 1797, 4to. At 18 he was entered as a Commoner of 
 Christ Church, Oxford ; M.A., 1796 ; Vicar of Bromley's, 
 Abbat's, 1797; assistant Librarian in the Brit. Museum, 
 1826. He was in receipt of a pension from the Govern 
 ment of 200 per year. Ode to General Kosciusko, Lon., 
 1797, 4to. Inferno of Dante, with an English trans, in 
 Blank Verse ; Notes and Life of the Author, Lon., 1806, 
 '22, fp. Svo ; 2d edit., with the Inferno, together with the 
 Purgatorio and Paradiso, 1813, 3 vols. 32mo. A trans, of 
 the Birds of Aristophanes and of the Odes of Pindar. New 
 edit, of the trans, of Dante, revised by the translator's sons, 
 1847, p. Svo. Lives of English Poets, from Johnson to 
 Kirke White; designed as a continuation to Johnson's 
 Lives, edited by Mr. C.'s son, Lon., 1846, 12mo. The Early 
 
 CAR 
 
 French Poets : a Series of Notices and Translations, edited 
 and with introduc. by Mr. Gary's son, Lon., 1847, 12mo. 
 The contents of the last two works were originally pub. 
 anon, in the Old London Magazine. Mr. C. also edited 
 the poetical works of Pope, Cowper, Milton, Thomson, and 
 Young. In 1847 (2 vols. p. Svo) his son, REV. HENRY 
 CARY, (q. v.) pub. Memoirs of the Rev. Henry Francis 
 Cary : with his Literary Journal and Letters. Mr. C. was 
 buried in Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey. His trans, 
 of Dante cannot be too highly commended : its merits were 
 perceived and brought to public attention by Samuel Taylor 
 Coleridge. 
 
 "Of all the translators of Dante with whom we are acquainted, 
 Mr. Cary is the most successful; and we cannot but consider his 
 work as a great acquisition to the English reader. It is executed 
 with a fidelity almost without example." Edin. Review, No. 58. 
 
 "Mr. Cary's translation the best we have ever read of any work." 
 Lon. Quarterly Revieiv, July, 1823. 
 
 " Cary's version of Dante is universally allowed to be one of the 
 most masterly productions of modern times." 
 
 " A translation of magnitude and difficulty, executed with per 
 fect fidelity and admirable skill." SOUTHEY. 
 
 With Cary's trans., and Flaxman's Designs, the reader 
 may consider himself in possession of a treasure. 
 
 " Mr. Flaxman has translated Dante best, for he has translated 
 it into the universal language of Nature." 
 
 As to the great poet himself, nothing need here be said : 
 let timid young poets beware of him, for 
 
 " Shelley always says, that reading Dante is unfavourable to 
 writing, from its superiority to all possible compositions." BYRON. 
 
 " That wise poet of Florence, hight Dant ."CHAUCER. 
 
 Cary, Henry !Lucius, third Viscount Falkland, was 
 the only son of Lucius Cary, the great Lord Falkland, d. 
 1663, wrote The Marriage Night; a Play, Lon., 1664, 4to; 
 erroneously ascribed by Wood to his lordship's son. 
 
 " Being brought early into the House of Commons, and a grave 
 senator objecting to his youth, and to his not looking as if he had 
 sowed his wild oats, he replied with great quickness, ' Then I am 
 come to the properest place, where are so many geese to pick them 
 up.' "HORACE WALPOLE. 
 
 " He was a man of great abilities, and well versed in every kind 
 of literature." Douglass's Peerage. 
 
 " His quick and extraordinary parts and notable spirit performed 
 much, and promised more." Lloyd's State Worthies. 
 
 " His play contains a great deal of true wit and satire." Siog. 
 Dramat. 
 
 " He was cut off in the prime of his years, and was as much missed 
 when dead as beloved when living : being a person eminent for hia 
 extraordinary parts and heroick spirit." Langbaine's Dram. Poets. 
 
 Cary, J. W. Acts of the Apostles, with Notes, Lon., 
 1842, 18mo. 
 
 Cary, John. Rights of the Commons, Lon., 1718, Svo. 
 
 Cary, John, of Bristol. Treatises on Political Eco 
 nomy, Politics, and Trade, 1695-1745. Discourse on Trade 
 and other Matters relative to it, Lon., 1745, Svo. 
 
 " However little it deserved such an honour, this work was made 
 the foundation of a French publication entitled Essai Sur L'Etat 
 Du Commerce D'Angleterre, 2 vols. post 8vo, Paris, 1755. 
 
 "The latter, however, contains much additional matter, and is 
 in all respects a more valuable work than that of Cary." McCuir 
 LOCH : Lit. Polit. Economy. 
 
 Cary, or Carey, John. New Itinerary through. 
 England, Wales, &c., Lon., 1798, Svo ; 10th edit., 1821, Svo. 
 
 " A popular and highly useful work." LOWNDES. 
 
 Gary pub. several other topographical works, 1786-1801. 
 
 Cary, Lucius, second Viscount Falkland, b. about 
 1610, killed at the battle of Newbury, 1643, was a son of 
 Henry, first Viscount Falkland. He was educated at 
 Trinity College, Dublin, and became distinguished for his 
 uncommon proficiency in classical and general literature. 
 His death at an early age in defence of his sovereign, was 
 greatly lamented. Speeches, 1640, '41. Draft of a Speech 
 of Episcopacy, 1644. Discourse upon the Infallibility of 
 the Church of Rome, 1645, 4to. Holland, a Romish priest, 
 answered this Discourse. A View of some Exceptions 
 made against the Discourse on the Infallibility of the 
 Church of Rome, Oxf., 1646, 4to. Discourse and Reply 
 printed together, 1651, 4to ; with T. White's Answer, Lon., 
 1660, 4to. A Letter to Mr. F. M., anno 1636; at the end 
 of C. Gataker's Answer to Five Copious Questions, Ac., 
 1673, 4to. His lordship also wrote some other pieces, po 
 etical, Ac. 
 
 Wood says that it was the current opinion of the Uni 
 versity of Oxford, that Chillingworth and Falkland had 
 such extraordinary clear reason, that if the great Turk or 
 the Devil were to be converted, they were able to do it. 
 
 Horace Walpole, with his usual pertness, attempts to 
 disparage the ardent eulogies with which Falkland's me 
 mory was honoured ; but Horace was a much better judge 
 of a Faenza Vase or a Poussin landscape than of the value 
 of any historical testimony. Hear Lord Clarendon and 
 other good judges : 
 
 "He was a person of such prodigious parts of learning and 
 
CAR 
 
 CAS 
 
 knowledge, of that inestimable sweetness and delight in conversa 
 tion, of so flowing and obliging a humanity and goodness to man 
 kind, and of that primitive simplicity and integrity of life, that 
 if there were no other brand upon this odious and accursed civil 
 war than that single loss, it must be most infamous and execrable 
 to all posterity." History of the Rebellion. 
 
 " Lord Falkland's usual saying was 'I pity unlearned gentle 
 men on a rainy day.' " LLOYD. 
 
 " He was the envy of this age. and will be the wonder of the 
 next." Triplet's Epist. Dedic. before the Discourse of Infallibility ; 
 1651. 
 
 " He was the greatest ornament to our nation that the last age 
 produced." Oressy's Epist. Apolngetical, 1674. 
 
 "As for his parts, which speak him better than any elegy, they 
 were incomparable, and needed no supplies of industry." Athen. 
 Oxon. 
 
 " A person of great wit, conspicuous for his natural perfections ; 
 in his printed writings there is an incomparable happy mixture of 
 that great, beautiful, charming thing called wit." Genuine Re 
 mains of Dr. Barlow, 1673. 
 
 We will conclude with Suckling's character of this noble 
 writer : 
 
 " He was of late so gone with divinity, 
 That he had almost forgot his poetry, 
 Though to say the truth (and Apollo did know it,) 
 He might have been both his priest and his poet." 
 
 The Session of Poets ; in Fragmenta Aurea, or Poems, Lon., 1648, 
 8vo. 
 
 Cary, M. Theological treatises, Lon., 1647-53, 4to. 
 
 Cary, Mordecai, d. 1752, Bishop of Clonfert, trans 
 lated to Killala, 1735. Serm., Jas. i. 27, Dubl., 1744, 4to. 
 
 Cary, Philip. Reply to R. Burthegge on Infant 
 Baptism, Lon., 1684, 12mo. 
 
 Cary, Richard. Le ngcessaire use et fruit de les 
 Pleadings, conteine en le Livre de Edw. Coke, avesque un 
 collection de commemorable cases sparsim cite en les argu 
 ments de mesme les reports. Al queux est auxi adde, un 
 pleine et perfect table de les choses conteinus en ycel, Lon., 
 1601, 8vo. This would appear to be Henry Cary'sbook,(ate.) 
 
 Cary, Robert, Earl of Monmouth. See CAREY. 
 
 Cary, Robert, 1615?-1688, great-nephew of Sir 
 George Gary, Lord Deputy f Ireland temp. Elizabeth, 
 was a native of Devon. He was admitted of Exeter Col 
 lege, Oxford, in 1631; Doctor of Laws, 1644; Archdeacon 
 of Exeter, 1662. Palaeologia Chronica; a Chronological 
 Account of Ancient Time ; in three parts : 1. Didactical. 
 2. Apodeictical. 3. Canonical, Lon., 1677, fol. This is 
 an excellent work. 
 
 " He was in his young years pretty well skilled in poetry, as well 
 Latin as English : though he published nothing in this kind, but 
 those Hymns of our Church, that are appointed to be read after 
 the Lessons, together with the Creed, &c." _<>#. Brit. 
 
 " He was accounted very learned in curious and critical learn 
 ing." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Cary, Samuel, d. 1815, aged 30, a minister of Bos 
 ton, Massachusetts, pub. Serms., &c., 1806-15. 
 
 Cary, Thomas. Serms., 1691, 4to. A trans, of the 
 Sieur de la Serre's Mirrour which flatters not; with some 
 verses by the translator, 1639, 8vo. 
 
 " This Booke, which expresseth to thee in a Mirrour a dying life, 
 and life-devouring Death, layes thee open to thyself^, reader, in 
 such a happie shape of truth, and so cleare a light of a sublime 
 style, that thou canst not scape thyselfe. Gaze hereon often," &o. 
 
 Cary* Thomas, d. 1808, aged 63, a minister of New- 
 buryport, Massachusetts, pub. Serms., Ac., 1796-1801. 
 
 Cary, Mrs. Virginia, d. 1852. Mutius, a story of 
 the first century, pub. about 1828. Letters on Female 
 Education, pub. about 1830. Ruth Churchill. Mrs. Gary 
 contributed many tales, essays, and poetical compositions 
 to the periodicals of the day. 
 
 Cary, Carie, or Carye, Walter. A Book of the 
 Property of Herbes, Lon., 8vo, sine anno. The Hammer 
 for the Stone, 1581, 16mo. Carie's Farewell to Physic, 
 1583, 12ino; 1587, 16mo; 1611, 8vo. 
 
 Cary, Walter, a writer on Political Economy. The 
 Present State of England, with the Paradox, our Fathers 
 were very rich with little, and we poor with much, Lon., 
 1627, 4to. England's Wants, or Several Proposals proba 
 bly beneficial to England; offered to the consideration of 
 all good Patriots of both Houses of Parliament, Lon., 
 1685, 8vo. 
 
 Caryl, John, supposed to have been a native of Sus 
 sex, was secretary to Queen Mary, the consort of James 
 II., and followed his master after his abdication. He was 
 rewarded by knighthood, and the title of Earl Caryl and 
 Baron Dartford. The English Princess, or the Death of 
 Richard III.; a Tragedy, 1667, 4to. Sir Salomon, or the 
 Cautious Coxcomb ; a Comedy, 1671, 4to. The Psalms of 
 David, trans, from the Vulgate, 1700, 12mo. In Tonson's 
 edit, of Ovid's Epistles, that of Briseis to Achilles is as- 
 scribed to Caryl ; and he trans, the first Eclogue of Virgil, 
 pub. in Nichols's Select Collection of Miscellany Poems, 
 
 vol. i. He was a Roman Catholic, and one of the intimate 
 friends of Alexander Pope. 
 
 " I have been assured by a most intimate friend of Mr. Pope's, 
 that the Peer in the Eape of the Lock was Lord Petre; the person 
 who desired Mr. Pope to write it, old Mr. Caryl of Sussex; and 
 that what was said of Sir George Brown in it was the very picture 
 of the man." Spence's Anecdotes of Pope, Lon., 1820. 
 
 Caryl, Joseph, 1602-1673, an eminent Nonconform 
 ist divine, a commoner at Exeter College, Oxford; ap 
 pointed one of the Triers for the approbation of ministers, 
 1653 ; ejected, 1662. He afterwards preached to a con 
 gregation in the neighbourhood of London Bridge. Serms., 
 Lon., ]643, '45, '46, '51, '57. Exposition, with Practical 
 Observations, on the Booke of Job, 1644-66, 12 vols. 4to: 
 1669, 2 vols. fol. 
 
 " It is a most elaborate, learned, judicious, and pious work, con 
 taining a rich fund of critical and practical divinity." DR. E. WIL 
 LIAMS. 
 
 " This is the most ponderous of all the expositions which have 
 been published on this part of Scripture. ... It is impossible it 
 can be useful, as no man can endure the fatigue of toiling through 
 it. ... While I do justice to the piety and feelings of the writer, 
 I cannot approve of a mode of treating the word of God, which 
 partakes more of entombing than of exhibiting it." ORME. 
 
 " A complete text-book of divinity." 
 
 " I have never had an opportunity of examining it ; but Walch 
 eulogizes it in very high terms. (Biblioth. Theol., vol. iv. p. 487.) 
 It is now very little read, or even consulted; few readers being 
 able to wade through two large folio volumes." T. H. HORNE. 
 
 " Spiritual, practical, and evangelical." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Mr. Berrie has pub. extracts from Caryl's Exposition of 
 Job, 18mo. 
 
 Carysfort, John Joshua Proby, Earl of. Letter 
 on Universal Suffrage, Ac., 1780, 8vo. Thoughts on the 
 Constitution, 1783, 8vo. . Revenge of Guendolin : 12 
 printed. Dramatic and Miscell. Works, Lon., 1810, 2 vols. 
 cr. 8vo. 
 
 "Evidently the fruit of a cultivated mind and a correct taste, 
 and they display no inconsiderable stores of poetical expression." 
 Lon. Monthly Review, 1811. 
 
 Case, Charles. Thirteen Serms., 1774, 12mo. 
 
 Case, H. Treatises on the Scurvy, Dropsy, Ac., 
 1676, 8vo. 
 
 Case, John, M.D., d. 1600, Fellow of St. John's Col 
 lege, Oxford ; Prebendary of North Aulton in the Church 
 of Salisbury, 1589. He died a Roman Catholic, an incli 
 nation to which religion was supposed to be the cause of 
 his abandoning his Fellowship. Summa Veterum Inter- 
 pretum in universam Logicam Aristotelis, Oxon., 1585, 
 4to; Francf., 1616, 8vo. Speculum Moralium Questionum 
 in universam Ethicam Aristotelis, Oxon., 1585, 4toj 
 Francf., 1616, 8vo. 
 
 " The first book printed at the new press at Oxford." LOWNDES. 
 
 Reflexis Speculis Moralis, &c., Oxon., 1584, '96, 8vo. 
 The Praise of Musicke, Oxf., 1686, 8vo; anon. Wood is 
 uncertain as to the authorship of this work. Dr. Farmer 
 attributes it to Case, and Thomas Watson compliments the 
 same person as the author. See Brit. Bibliographer, ii. 
 543. Thesaurus (Economise, &c., Oxf., 1597, '98, 8vo; 
 Hanov., 1598, 8vo. Spaera Civilitatis sive de Politica, 
 Oxf., 1588, 4to; Francf., 1616, 8vo. Lapis Philosophicus, 
 Ac., Arist. Oxf., 1599, 4to. Other works. 
 
 " He was the most noted disputant and philosopher that ever 
 before set foot in that college, [St. John's, Oxford.] ... A man of 
 an innocent, meek, religious, and studious life, of a facete and af 
 fable conversation, a lover of scholars, beloved of them again, and 
 had in high veneration." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Case, John, M.D., a famous astrologer and quack, 
 temp. Anne, was a native of Lyme-Regis, in Dorsetshire. 
 
 " He was looked upon as the successor of the famous Lilly, 
 whose magical utensils he possessed. These he would sometimes 
 expose in derision to his intimate friends; and particularly 'the 
 dark chamber and pictures, where Lilly used to impose npon 
 people, under the pretence of showing them persons who were ab 
 sent.' " Biographia ; GRANGKR. 
 
 " Dr. Case erased the verses of his predecessor out of the sign 
 post, and substituted in their place two of his own, which were as 
 follows: 
 
 "Within this place 
 Lives Doctor Case. 
 
 He is said to have got more by this distich than Mr. Dryden did 
 by all his works." Tatler, No. 240. 
 
 Compendium Anatomicum nova arte institutum, Lon., 
 1694, '95, 12mo. ; Amst., 1696, 12mo. It has been ques 
 tioned whether Case really wrote this work. It espouses 
 the opinion of Harvey and De Graaf as to the generation 
 of quadrupeds and other animals ab ovo. The Words of 
 the Key to Helmont, Ac., Lon., 1682, 4to. Medical Ex 
 positor, 1698, 12mo. The Angelical Guide, shewing Men 
 and Women their Lot and Chance in this elementary Life, 
 Lon., 1697, 8vo. 
 
 " This is one of the most profound astrological pieces that the 
 world ever saw. The diagrams would probably have puzzled Eu 
 clid, though he had studied astrology. I have seen the doctor's 
 
CAS 
 
 CAS 
 
 head pasted into a portfolio, amidst these strange diagrams, with 
 the following motto : 
 
 ' Thron'd in the centre of his dark designs.' 
 
 Immediately after the unintelligible hieroglyphic inscribed ' Adam 
 in Paradise,' is this passage, which I have selected as a specimen 
 of the work : 
 
 " ' Thus Adam was created in that pleasant place Paradise, about 
 the year hefore Christ 4002, viz., on April 24, at twelve o'clock, or 
 midnight. Now, this place Paradise is in Mesopotamia, where the 
 pole is elevated 34 deg. 30 min., aud the sun riseth four hours 
 sooner than under the elevation of the pole at London.' " Gran 
 ger's Biog. Hist. 
 
 " The following authentic anecdote of Case was communicated 
 to me by the Rev. Mr. Gosling, in these terms: 
 
 " Dr. Maundy, formerly of Canterbury, told me, that, in his 
 travels abroad, some eminent physician, who had been in England, 
 gave him a token to spend at his return with Dr. Eadnliffe and Dr. 
 Case. They fixed on an evening, and were very merry, when Dr. 
 Radcliffe thus began a health : ' Here, brother Case, to all the fools, 
 your patients.' ' I thank you, good brother,' replied Case ; ' let me 
 have all the fools, and you are heartily welcome to the rest of the 
 practice.' " Granger's lifoff. History. 
 
 Case, Luella J. B., a native of New Hampshire, is 
 a daughter of Mr. Bartlett, and was married in 1838 to Mr. 
 E. Case. She is at present a resident of Cincinnati. Her 
 contributions, both in prose and verse, to periodicals, " have 
 been generally admired." Woman's Record. 
 
 Case, R. J. Comment, on Proverbs of Solomon, 
 
 1822, 12mo. 
 
 Case, Thomas, 1599-1682, a Nonconformist divine, 
 student of Christ Church, Oxford. 1616, was ejected from 
 the living of Erpingham, Norfolk ; afterwards Rector of 
 St. Giles in the Fields, &c. He pub. many sermons, 1641- 
 76, and was the originator and one of the writers of the 
 celebrated Morning Exercises, at Cripplegate, St. Giles in 
 the Fields, and Southwark, Lon., 1677-90, 6 vols. 4to; 
 new edit., by James Nichols, Lon., 1846, 8vo. 
 
 "In fine, the six volumes will give you such a variety, both of 
 matters and of talents, that I could wish you not to be without 
 them." DR. COTTON MATHER. 
 
 Case, Rev. Wheeler. Poems, &c., N. Haven, 1778. 
 Eevolutionary Memorials ; embracing Poems by Kev. W. 
 C., N. York, 1852. 
 
 Case, William. Serms., Lon., 1616, 4to. 
 
 Case, William, Jr. The Minstrel's Youth; with 
 other Poems, 1801, 12mo. Pictures of British Female 
 Poesy, 1803, 12mo. 
 
 Casino. A Mock-Heroic Poem, Salisb., 4to. 
 
 Casley, David. Report of Committee on Cottonian 
 Library, <fec., with an Appendix, by D. C., Lon., 1732, fol. 
 A Catalogue of the MSS. of the King's Library, an appen 
 dix to the Cottonian Library; with 150 Specimens of the 
 manner of Writing in different Ages from the 3d to the 15th 
 century. The "MSS. of the King's Library" were a part 
 of the munificent donation of George II. to the British 
 Museum. It comprises the literary treasures collected by 
 the sovereigns of England from the time of Henry VII. 
 The magnificent library of George III., including 80,000 
 volumes, which cost his majesty 130,000, was also confer 
 red upon the nation by George IV. The most important 
 donation to the British Museum, with the above exception, 
 was the library of the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville, con 
 taining 20,240 volumes, which cost upwards of 54,000, and 
 would bring more money at the present period. See Sims's 
 Handbook to the Library of the British Museum, Lon., 1854. 
 We should not omit to mention that Mr. Casley compiled 
 the Catalogue of the Harleian MSS. from 2405 to 5709. 
 
 Cason, Edmond. Letters relating to the redemption 
 of the Captives in Algiers, Lon., 1647. 
 
 Cass, General Lewis, LL.D., b. October 9, 1782, at 
 Exeter, New Hampshire, was called to the Bar in 1802; 
 elected a member of the Ohio legislature in 1806; served 
 in the war against England 1812-14; appointed Governor 
 of Michigan 1813 ; which post he held until 1831, when 
 he became Secretary of War, under General Jackson. In 
 1836 he was appointed minister to France, and discharged 
 the duties of this important post until 1842, when he re 
 quested to be recalled. In 1848 he was a candidate for the 
 Presidency of the United States, and received the electoral 
 votes of half the States of the Union. In the hall of the 
 Senate at Washington General Cass long held a com 
 manding influence. In 1857 he was appointed Secre 
 tary of State of the United States. As a writer, he 
 is entitled to no ordinary commendation. Specimens of 
 his style and argumentative powers may be seen in his In 
 quiries respecting the History, Traditions, Languages, Ac. 
 of the Indians living within the United States, Detroit, 
 
 1823, 8vo, and in the Historical and Scientific Sketches of 
 Michigan, delivered by General C. and Messrs. Whiting, 
 Biddle, and Schoolcraft. See also the North American 
 Review, Nos. 1. and Iv. General Cass has given to the 
 world his impressions of the country in which he was for 
 
 six years a resident, in his work entitled France : its King, 
 Court, and Government. See Outlines of the Life and Cha 
 racter of General Cass, by H. R. Schoolcraft, Albany, 1848, 
 8vo ; Sketches of the Life and Public Services of General 
 Cass, by Wm. T. Young, Detroit, 1852, 8vo ; Fifty Years 
 of Public Life : The Life and Times of Lewis Cass, by 
 W. L. G. Smith, N. York, 1856, 8vo. 
 
 Cassan, Stephen Hyde, 1789-1841, presented to 
 the living of Bruton, with Wyke, Champflower, 1831, 
 Lives and Memoirs of the Bishops of Sherborne and Salis 
 bury, 705-1824, Salisb., 1824, 8vo. Lives of the Bishops 
 of Winchester, from Birinus to the present time, Lon., 
 
 1827, 2 vols. 8vo. Lives of the Bishops of Baths and Wells, 
 from the earliest to the present time, 1829, 8vo. Conside 
 rations respecting the Corporation and Test Acts, Lon., 
 
 1828, 8vo. 
 
 Cassel, James, M.D. Med. Advice to Masters of 
 Ships, 1814, 18mo. 
 
 Cassin, John, born 1813, in Delaware county, Penn. 
 Distinguished Ornithologist. Illustrations of the Birds of 
 California and Texas, 8vo, 1855, Phil. Zoology of the U. 
 S. Exploring Expedition, vol. viii., (Quadrupeds and Birds,) 
 4to, 1855. Zoology of Gilliss's U. S. Astronomical Expe 
 dition to Chili, 1855, 4to. American Ornithology: A Gene 
 ral Synopsis of N. American Ornithology; containing De 
 scriptions and Figures of all N. American Birds not given 
 by former American Authors, after the manner and de 
 signed as a continuation of the Works of Audubon ; 50 
 coloured plates, Phila., 1856, 8vo. Ornithology of Icono- 
 graphic Encyclopedia, N.Y., 1851. For many years Mr. 
 Cassin has been an active member of the Academy of Na 
 tural Sciences, Philadelphia, and has contrib. many articles 
 to its Journal since 1844. 
 
 Castamore. Conjugium Languens, Lon., 1700, 4to : 
 on the Mischiefs arising from Conjugal Infidelity. 
 
 Castell, Edmund, 1606-1685, a native of Hatley, 
 in Cambridgeshire, was entered of Emanuel College, 
 Cambridge, 1621; he afterwards removed to St. John's 
 College for convenience of access to the library, in the 
 preparation of his great work, the Lexicon Heptaglotton, 
 Hebraicum, Chaldaicum, Syriacum, Samaritanum, Ethio- 
 picum, Arabicum, conjunctim ; et Persicum separatim, Ac., 
 Londini, 1669, 2 vols. fol. Some copies are dated 1686. 
 This was intended as a companion to Bishop Walton's 
 Biblia Sacra Polyglotta, Londini, 1657, 6 vols. fol. Castell 
 assisted upon this work, also, and laid out more than 1000 
 upon it. His own Lexicon occupied him for eighteen years, 
 and cost him more than 12,000, and when completed, it lay 
 upon his hands as dead stock, with the exception of a few 
 copies sold. He received some preferments, but nothing 
 to compensate him for his time and expense. In 1666 he 
 was made King's Chaplain, and Arabic Professor at Cam 
 bridge ; in 1688, Prebendary of Canterbury. The vicarage 
 of Hatfield, Essex, and subsequently the rectory of Wode- 
 ham Walter, were bestowed upon him. His last preferment 
 was the rectory of Higham Gobion, Bedfordshire. He 
 pub. some learned pieces, 1660, '67, 4to. About 500 copies, 
 it is supposed, of his Lexicon were unsold at the time of 
 his death. A melancholy fate was theirs ! Hear the sad 
 tale: 
 
 " These were placed by Mrs. Crisp, Dr. Castell's niece and execu 
 trix, in a room of one of her tenant's houses, at Martin, in Surrey, 
 where, for many years, they lay at the mercy of the rats ; who de 
 stroyed them in such a manner, that, on the lady's death, her ex 
 ecutors could scarcely form one complete copy out of them. The 
 whole load of learned rags sold for 7." Biog. Brit. 
 
 It was a happy thing that the good old man never saw 
 that sight ! 
 
 To Dr. Lightfoot's assistance he was greatly indebted. 
 Whilst preparing this work, Castell maintained in his own 
 house and at his own expense seven Englishmen and seven 
 foreigners as writers ; all of whom died before the work 
 was completed. His reference to his desolate situation and 
 ill-requited labours at the end of the third page of the Pre 
 face, is truly affecting: 
 
 " Socios quidem habui hoc opere, sed perexiguo tempore mecum 
 in illo commorantes, nescio an dicam, immensitate laboris plane 
 exteritos. Per pleures annos, jam aetate provectus, et una cum 
 patrimonio satis competenti, exhaustis etiam animi viribus, oculis 
 cahgantibus, corporis variis in hoc opere confractis, et dislocatis 
 membris, relictus sum solus, sine amanuensi, aut vel correctore 
 ullo." 
 
 So industrious an author was Castell, that he informs us, 
 
 "I considered that day as idle and dissatisfactory in which I did 
 not toil sixteen or eighteen hours either at the Polyglot or Lexicon." 
 
 Mr. Disraeli, referring to Castell's sad experience, de 
 clares that "all the publishers of Polyglots have been 
 ruined." 
 
 " Such were the melancholy circumstances under which the Lexi 
 con of Castell was composed; a work which has long challenged 
 
CAS 
 
 CAT 
 
 the admiration, and defied the competition, of foreigners; and 
 which, with the great Polyglot of Walton, its inseparable and in 
 valuable companion, has raised an eternal monument of literary 
 fame." Dibdin's Greek and Latin Classics. 
 
 " It is probably the greatest and most perfect work of the kind 
 ever performed by human industry and learning." DK. CLARKE. 
 
 See Dibdin's Greek and Latin Classics ; Home's Intro- 
 duc. to the Scriptures ; Orme's Bibl. Bib. ; Biog. Brit. 
 
 Castell, Robert. Villas of the Ancients, 1728, fol. 
 
 Castell, William. A Petition exhibited to the High 
 Court of Parliament, for the Propagating the Gospel in 
 America and the West Indies, and for settling our Colonies 
 there, 1641, 4to. A Short Discoverie of the Coasts of the 
 Continent of America, from the Equinoctiall Northward, 
 and of the Adjacent Isles, Lon., 1644, 4to. See Osburne's 
 Voyages, ii. 733, 1745. 
 
 Castildine. Annual Tables of the Taxes, 1803, '04, &c. 
 
 Castle, George. The Chymical Galenist, Lon., 8vo ; 
 containing Reflections upon March Nudhome's Medela 
 Medicinae. 
 
 Castle, William. Treatise against the Jesuits,1642,4to. 
 
 Castlehaven, James Touchet, Earl of, Baron 
 Audley. Memoirs of his Engagement and Carriage in the 
 Wars of Ireland, 1642-51; 1680, 12mo; suppressed, and 
 very rare ; 2d edit., enlarged, 1684. 
 
 " I lay these my Memoirs at your Majestie's feet, and I pass them 
 on my word not to contain a lie, or a mistake, to my knowledge." 
 Dedication to James II., afterwards cancelled. 
 
 See a specimen, and a notice, of tracts elicited by this 
 volume in Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors; also see 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 " James, Duke of Ormond, finding himself and his government 
 of Ireland therein reflected upon with great disadvantage, as he 
 thought, he wrote and published a letter to the Earl of Anglesey, 
 dated at Dublin, Nov. 12, 1681, to vindicate himself. Anglesey 
 thereupon made a reply in another, &c." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 " If this lord, [Castlehaven,] who led a very martial life, had not 
 taken pains to record his own actions, (which however he has done 
 with great frankness and ingenuity,) we should know little of his 
 story, our historians scarce mentioning him." HORACE WALPOLE. 
 
 Castlemain, Roger Palmer, Earl of, husband 
 of the infamous Duchess of Cleveland, was ambassador 
 from James II. to the Pope, of which Embassy an account 
 was pub. by Michael Wright in Italian, Rom., 1687; in 
 English, with addits., Lon., 1688, fol. " A splendid book." 
 His lordship pub. several works. An Account of the pre 
 sent War between the Venitians and the Turks, Lon., 
 1666, sm. 12mo. 
 
 " In the dedication he discovers that the Turk is the Great Le 
 viathan, and that renegades lose their talents for sea affairs." 
 HORACE WALPOLE. 
 
 A Short and True Account of the material Passages in 
 the late War between the English and Dutch in the Savoy, 
 1671, 8vo. Manifesto, 1681, sm. 8vo. This is a defence 
 of himself from Tuberville's charge that he was concerned 
 in the popish plot. An Apology in behalf of the Papists, 
 8vo; reprinted and answered by Dr. Lloyd, Bishop of St. 
 Asaph, Lon., 1667, 4to ; this led to a controversy, which 
 produced several tracts. See Biog. Brit, and Park's Wal 
 pole's R. and N. Authors. The Compendium ; or a short 
 View of the Trials in relation to the present [Popish] plot, 
 Lon., 1679, 4to. 
 
 " This piece is ascribed to him, but I cannot affirm it to be of his 
 writing. I believe he wrote other things, but I have not met with 
 them." HORACE WALPOLE. 
 
 Castleman, John. Serin., 1744, 4to. 
 
 Castleman, Richard. His Voyage, Shipwreck, 
 and Miraculous Escape, with a description of Pennsylva 
 nia, and the City of Philadelphia. This will be found ap 
 pended to the account of the Voyages and Adventures of 
 Captain Robert Boyle, Lon., 1726, 8vo, pp. 374. 
 
 " Boyle's narrative is probably a fictitious one ; but that of 
 Castleman bears marks of authenticity. The latter's visit to 
 Philadelphia took place in 1710. Boyle's Voyages have been often 
 reprinted; but Castleman's relation is Only to be found in the 
 early editions." Rich's Bibliothem Americana Nova. 
 
 Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, Lord Viscount, 
 1769-1822, a distinguished statesman. Speeches: viz., 
 On the Union, Lon., 1800, 8vo; Bullion Committee, 1811, 
 **K- C * tholic Potions, 1810 8v 5 Earl Stanhope's 
 ? u v ' ?' , Memoirs and Correspondence, edited by 
 his brother, the Marquis of Londonderry, Lon., 1848-51, 
 8 vols. 8vo. 
 
 This valuable publication gives us a new insight into history 
 We are always thankful to get State Papers at length ''-X 
 Atnenceum. 
 
 "The most valuable contribution to modern historv fhaf wo 
 know of. Without these records it is impossible for any man To 
 say that up to this moment he has had the opportunity of know 
 ing the real history of the Irish Rebellion and Union._X^ 
 Morning Herald. 
 
 " A work of the highest and most universal interest." Lon 
 
 Morning Chronicle. 
 
 "The work is equally valuable to the historian and the poli 
 tician." John Bull. 
 
 "I cannot adequately express the gratification and interest 
 these papers have afforded me. I consider them as invaluable 
 materials for history." SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON. 
 
 Castlereagh, Lord- Viscount, Marquis of 
 Londonderry, nephew of the preceding. Narrative of 
 his Journey to Damascus from Egypt, Nubia, Arabia 
 Petraea, Palestine, and Syria, with illustrations, Lon., 
 1847, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " These volumes are replete with new impressions, and are espe 
 cially characterized by great power of lively and graphic descrip 
 tion." ion. New Monthly Mag. 
 
 " Lord Castlereagh's Journey includes his lordship's voyage up 
 the Nile to the second cataract his account of the Pyramids, 
 Luxor, Philae, Thebes, and all the wonderful monuments of the 
 ancient world accessible to the traveller his visits to Mount Sinai 
 and other places famous in Biblical history his descriptions of 
 Bethlehem, Jerusalem, and the sacred localities of Christianity 
 his characteristic sketches of the modern Egyptians. Arabs, Ar 
 menians, Jews, Druses, and Turks, and his personal recollections 
 of Mehemet Ali and the nobles of his Court, the great Sheiks of 
 the Desert, and the Princesses of the Lebanon. To future tourists 
 in the East the work will be extremely valuable." Lon. Globe. 
 
 Castles, John. Sugar Ants, Phil. Trans., 1790. 
 
 Castres, Abr. Suppressing Beggary, Lon., 1726, 4to. 
 
 Castro, Chris. Merchant's Assistant, Lon., 1742, 8vo. 
 
 Casus, John. See CASE. 
 
 Caswall, E. Serms., Lon., 1846, 8vo. 
 
 Caswall, George. The Trifler; a Satire, 1767, 4to. 
 
 Caswall, Henry. America and the American Church, 
 Lon., p. 8vo, 1849. The Prophet of the 19th Century, 
 or the Rise, Ac. of the Mormons or Latter Day Saints, 
 1843, p. 8vo. City of the Mormons, 12mo, 1842. Mr. 
 Caswall gives an interesting account of the vilest system 
 of consummate hypocrisy, stupid credulity, and disgusting 
 licentiousness, which the present day has witnessed. It 
 is to be hoped that the leaders of this wicked delusion 
 who openly set the laws of God and man at defiance will 
 speedily be arrested by that Justice which has too long 
 slumbered. To call such a system as Mormonism a "re 
 ligion," is something worse than ridiculous. 
 
 Caswell, John. Mathemat. Con. to Phil. Trans., 
 1695-1704. 
 
 Catcott, A. S. Theological treatises. 
 
 Catcott, Alexander. Eighteen Sermons, Lon., 
 1752, 8vo ; 1767, 8vo. Separate Serms., 1736, &c. A 
 Treatise on the Deluge, Lon., 1762, 8vo; 1767, 8vo. 
 
 "This work is framed on the principles of Hutchinson, and con 
 tains what the author considers a full explanation of the Scripture 
 history of the flood. . . . Parkhurst speaks very respectfully of it 
 in his Hebrew Lexicon. Mr. Catcott was the author of several 
 single sermons ; all of them strongly marked with the peculiarities 
 of his philosophico-theological system. He also wrote a Latin 
 work On the True and Sacred Philosophy, as lately explained by 
 John Hutchinson, Esq. This has been lately translated, and pub 
 lished, with notes, &c., by A. Maxwell, Lou., 1821, 8vo." ORME. 
 
 " Catcott was the most celebrated, next to Spearman, of the 
 Hutchinsonian philosophical school." 
 
 " One of the best of the school of Hutchinson, though he par 
 took somewhat of the spirit, and entered into the visions, of his 
 preceptor." Edin. Eeview. 
 
 Catcott, George J., or S. Pen Park Hole, Brist., 
 1792, 8vo ; account of a descent into this cavern. 
 
 Cateline, Jeremy. Rules, &c. of the Ordinence of 
 Parliament, 1648, 8vo. 
 
 Cater, Samuel. Apostate Conscience, Lon., 1683, 8ro. 
 
 Catesby, Lady Juliet. Letters to Lady Camply, 
 1760, 12mo. 
 
 Catesby, Mark, 1680 ?-1749, an eminent naturalist, 
 resided in Virginia from 1712 to 1719, and on his return 
 to England was persuaded by Sir Hans Sloane and other 
 naturalists to revisit America for the purpose of delineat 
 ing the botanical and zoological curiosities which he might 
 discover. He arrived at Carolina in 1722, and spent about 
 three years on the Continent, and some time in the Baha 
 ma Islands ; returning to England in 1726. He pub. in 
 numbers, from 1731 to 1748, The Natural History of Caro 
 lina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands, 2 vols. fol. The 
 figures were etched by himself; new edit., revised by 
 George Edwards, 1754, 2 vols. fol.; another edit., with a 
 Linnaean Index and Appendix, 1771, 2 vols. fol. 
 
 " In this splendid performance, the curious are gratified with tha 
 figures of many of the most beautiful trees, shrubs, and herbaceous 
 plants that adorn the gardens of the present time." See Pulteuoy's 
 Sketches of Botany ; Mich's Americana Bibliotheca Nova. 
 
 Hortus Europae Americanus, Lon., 1767, fol. (posth.) 
 On Birds of Passage. Vide Phil. Trans., 1747. His 
 name has been perpetuated by Gronovius in the plant de 
 nominated Catesbceia. Weston ascribes to him The Prac 
 tical Farmer, or Herefordshire Husbandman, 12mo. A 
 Plan of an Experimental Farm, 8vo. Uniting and Monopo 
 lizing Farms proved disadvantageous to the Landowners. 
 
CAT 
 
 CAT 
 
 Cathcart, Hon. George, Major-General, K.C.B., 
 Governor and Commander-in-Chief at the Cape of Good 
 Hope, b. 1794, third son of the late Earl Cathcart, has 
 served in the army in various parts of the world, and was 
 aide-de-camp to the Duke of Wellington at the battle of 
 Waterloo. He sailed from England, February 7, 1852, 
 shortly after his appointment, to assume his duties at the 
 Cape of Good Hope. He has lately pub. Commentaries 
 on the War in Russia and Germany, 1812-13. 
 
 " This humble, but authentic, contribution to the general stock 
 of materials from which historical knowledge is to be derived, is 
 offered as the testimony of an eye-witness of much he has" recorded, 
 and one who had peculiar opportunities of correct information re 
 specting the rest." Author's Preface. 
 
 " We owe Colonel Cathcart's solid and unpretending volume a 
 notice. . . . Sound, concise, and pregnant. It seems to us to be 
 equally valuable for its facts and its commentaries." Lon. Quart. 
 Review. 
 
 " As a treatise on the Science of War, these Commentaries ought 
 to find their way into the hands of every soldier. In them is to 
 be found an accurate record of events of which no military man 
 should be ignorant." Lon. Morning Chronicle. 
 
 We have to add to the above that, in Dec., 1853, Major- 
 Gen. Cathcart was appointed Adjutant-General to the 
 Forces, vice Lieut.-Gen. Sir George Brown, K.C.B., re 
 signed. Major-Gen. C. was one of the first victims to the de 
 solating spirit of war which raged in the Crimea 1853-55. 
 
 Cathcart, John. Letter to Admiral Vernon, Lon., 
 1744, 8vo. 
 
 Catherall, Samuel. Serm. and other publications, 
 1692-1721. 
 
 Catherine Parr, d. 1548, sixth and last consort of 
 Henry VIII., wrote Queen Catherine Parr's Lamentation 
 of a Sinner bewailing the ignorance of her blind Life; 
 found among her papers after her death, and pub. with a 
 preface by Secretary Cecil, (afterwards Lord Burleigh,) 
 Lon., 1548, and 1563, 8vo. 
 
 " This was a contrite meditation on the years she had passed in 
 popery, in fasts and pilgrimages." See Wai pole's R. & N. Authors. 
 
 In her lifetime she pub. Prayers or Meditations, wherein 
 the mynd is stirred patiently to suffre all afflictions here, 
 to set at nought the vaine prosperitie of this world, and 
 always to long for the everlastynge felicitee. Collected 
 out of (certayne) holy woorkes by the most virtuous and 
 gracious princesse Katherine, queene of Englande, France, 
 and Irelande. Printed by John Wayland, 1545, 12mo, 
 and 1546, '47, '48, and '63 : these early edits, have been 
 sold for 3 to 7 guineas, according to condition. It was re- 
 pub, by the Religious Tract Society, Lon., 1831, c. 64mo, 
 and it will be found in The Writings of the British Re 
 formers, (Lon., 12 vols. 12mo,) vol. xi. 
 
 Catherwood, John, M.D. Apoplexia, Lon., 1715. 
 '35, 8vo. 
 
 Cathrall, Isaac, M.D., d. 1819, aged 55, a physician 
 of Philadelphia, studied in that city, and in London, Edin 
 burgh, and Paris. During the prevalence of the yellow 
 fever in Philadelphia, he attended the sick, and even dis 
 sected those who died of the disease. He died of the 
 apoplexy. Remarks on the Yellow Fever, 1794. An edit, 
 of Buchan's Domestic Medicine, with Notes, 1797. Con. 
 to Annals of Med., Lon., 1798 ; to Med. Facts, 1800 ; to 
 Trans. Amer. Philos. Society, (on the Black Vomit,) 1800. 
 In conjunction with Dr. Currie, a pamphlet on the Yellow 
 Fever, 1802. 
 
 " He was a judicious physician, a skilful anatomist and sur 
 geon ; a man of rigid morality and inflexible integrity ; and truly 
 estimable in the relations of a son, husband, and father." See 
 Thacher's Med. Biography. 
 
 CatJew, Samuel. Theological and Educational 
 works, 1788-1808. 
 
 Catley, Ann. Memoirs of, by Miss Ambross, 1790, 
 8vo ; another, entitled Life and Memoirs of A. C. sine anno. 
 
 Catlin, George, is well known for his eight years' 
 adventures among the North American Indians in his per 
 severing investigations into the manners and customs of 
 a people who will soon be only known by the records of 
 Mr. Catlin, and gentlemen who have laboured in the same 
 field. Mr. C. took a number of Indians, and many of 
 their national curiosities, with him to Europe, and at 
 tracted much attention by his interesting exhibitions. 
 
 "The public has fully confirmed the opinion we formerly pro 
 nounced on Catlin's Indian Gallery, as the most Interesting exhi 
 bition which, in our recollection, had been opened in London." 
 
 Lon. Athenaum. 
 
 Illustrations of the Manners, Customs, and Condition 
 of the North American Indians, written during Eight 
 Years of Travel and Adventure among the Wildest and 
 most Remarkable Tribes now existing. With above 300 
 steel-plate illustrations, taken from the numerous Paint 
 ings in his Indian Museum, now exhibiting in Egyptian 
 
 Hall, Piccadilly, London, 1841, 2 vols. r. 8vo ; 5th edit. 
 1846, 2 2. 
 
 " Mr. Catlin is the historian of the Red Races of mankind; of a 
 past world, or at least of a world fast passing away, leaving hardly 
 a trace or wreck behind. Eight years has he devoted to this me 
 morable task, and with his pen and pencil has brought the ex 
 istence of these wild and uncivilized beings so vividly before our 
 eyes, that we seem to have accompanied him in his wanderings, 
 seen them, mixed with them, and impressed the recollection of 
 their forms and features, their costumes, strange customs, feasts, 
 ceremonies, religious rites, wars, dances, sports, and other modes 
 of life, distinctly upon our minds. And it is impossible not to be 
 led away by his devoted enthusiasm, and feel, like himself, a deep 
 concern for these remaining children of the prairie and the forest, 
 the last fragment of dying nations, and, with all the errors of their 
 condition, a splendid variety of the genus Man." Lon. Literary 
 Gazette. 
 
 " A unique work; a book of extraordinary interest and value; 
 we need not recommend it to the world, for it is beyond all praise." 
 Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 " One of the most valuable books that has appeared in the pre 
 sent century. We predict the greatest success for this work." 
 Lon. Planet. 
 
 " A faithful and well-authenticated declaration, not only of a 
 
 most interesting portion of the globe, as it at present exists, in a 
 
 state of nature, but of a race of innocent, unoffending men so 
 
 rapidly perishing, that too truly it may be said of them, 
 
 ' Apparent rari nantes in gurgite vasto.' " 
 
 Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 The North American Portfolio of Hunting Scenes, and 
 Amusements of the Rocky Mountains and Prairies of 
 America ; from Drawings and Notes of the Author, made 
 during Eight Years' Travel amongst Forty-Eight of the 
 Wildest and most Remote Tribes of Savages in North 
 America, large fol. ; 25 plates and 25 pp. of letter-press, 
 j5 5s. ; coloured and mounted, Lon., 1844. 
 
 Notes of Eight Years' Travel and Residence in Europe 
 with his North American Collection, Lon., 1848, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " This amusing work contains anecdotes and incidents of the 
 Travels and Adventures of three different parties of American 
 Indians whom the author introduced to the Courts of England, 
 France, and Belgium." 
 
 Catlin, J. J., D.D., of Massachusetts, d. 1826, aged 
 68. Compendium of the System of Divine Truth, 2d edit.. 
 1825, 12mo. 
 
 Catlow, Agnes. Popular Field Botany, Lon., 16mo ; 
 3d edit, 1852. 
 
 " The plants are classed in months, the illustrations are nicely 
 coloured, and the book is altogether an elegant as well as useful 
 present." Illustrated London News. 
 
 " We recommend Miss Catlow's Popular Botany to favourable 
 notice." Lon. Gardeners' Chronicle^ 
 
 Popular British Entomology, r. 16mo; 2d edit., 1852. 
 
 " Judiciously executed, with excellent figures of the common 
 species, for the use of young beginners." Annual Address of the 
 President of the Lon. Entomological Society. 
 
 " A treasure to any one just commencing the study of this fasci 
 nating science." Westminster and Foreign Quarterly Review. 
 
 Popular Scripture Zoology,' 1852, 8vo. 
 
 " A short and clear account of the animals mentioned in the 
 Bible." Lon. Guardian. 
 
 Popular Conchology, 1842, fp. 8vo. 
 
 " An admirable little work." St. James's Chronicle. 
 
 " A pleasant, useful, and well-illustrated volume." Prof. Jame 
 son's PhUosop7i. Journal. 
 
 Drops of Water, 12mo, 1851. 
 
 "The plates are scarcely inferior to those of the well-known 
 Ehrenberg." Liverpool Standard. 
 
 The Conchologist's Nomenclature, by A. C., assisted by 
 Lovell Reeve, 8vo, 1845. Brit. Verteb. Animals, 1845, 8vo. 
 
 " Miss Catlow's abilities as a naturalist, and her tact in popular 
 izing any subject she undertakes, are too well known to need itera 
 tion on this occasion." Lon. Notes and Queries. 
 
 Catlyn, John. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1742, '50 : 1. 
 Transit of Mercury over the Disk of the Sun. 2. Obsi. of 
 a Lunar Eclipse. 
 
 Caton,T. Motte,M.D. Med. treatises, 1807,'08,'11,'12. 
 
 Caton, William. Moderatus Inquisitor resolutus, 
 Lon., 1660, 8vo. Journal of his Life, 1689, 4to. 
 
 Cattell, Joseph. Sermons, 1711, '15, 8vo. 
 
 Cattell, Thomas. Assize sermons, 1734, 4to. 
 
 Cattermole,Richard,Vicar of Little Marlow, Bucks. 
 Sermons preached in the District Church of St. Matthew's 
 Brixton, 1832, 8vo. 
 
 "They set forth the doctrines of the Gospel simply and truly 
 and they give exactly that quiet instruction on ordinary points of 
 divinity which we conceive to be necessary for the kind of congre 
 gation which is always found in or near Lonion. or great towns." 
 British Magazine. 
 
 The Book of the Cartoons, 8vo. 
 
 "An elegantly-written volume." ion. Spectator. 
 
 The Literature of the Church of England, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 A work of great value. The Sacred Classics, 30 vols. 12mo. 
 
 "Many standard and useful treatises." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Illustrated Hist, of the Great Civil War of the Times of 
 Charles I. and Cromwell; with 29 engravings from draw 
 ings by George Cattermole, Lon., 1&46, '52, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 355 
 
CAT 
 
 " Mr. Cattermole knows well how to give force to those stirring 
 movements which were the turning points in the great contest; 
 his narrative is never prolix, or wanting in matter, and his style 
 is carefully preserved from inflation." Lon. Morning Chronicle. 
 
 Mr. George Cattermole's abilities as an artist are well 
 known. His Portfolio of 12 beautiful drawings was issued 
 in 1848 ; 6 6. 
 
 Cattley, Stephen. Speech on Bullion, 1811, 8vo. 
 Catton, Charles, Jr. Animals from Nature,1788, fol. 
 Catty, Lewis. Elements of French Grammar. 
 Caudry, Thomas. The Accidence, 1606, 4to. 
 Caulfield, D. D., R. C. Bishop of Wexford. Reply 
 to Sir R. Musgrave, 1801, 8vo. 
 
 Caulfield, J. The Memoirs of Paphos, or Triumph 
 of Love ; a Poem, Lon., 1777, 4to. 
 
 Caulfield, James. Portraits, Memoirs, and Charac 
 ters of Remarkable Persons temp. Edw. III. to the Revo 
 lution, Lon., 1794, '95, 2 vols. 4to j 1813, 3 vols. r. 8vo ; 
 illustrating Granger; from the Revolution 1688 to end of 
 the reign of Geo. III., 1819, '20, 4 vols. 4to; temp. Jas. I. 
 and Chas. L, 1814, 2 vols. fol. Hist, of the Gunpowder 
 Plot, 1796, 8vo ; 1804, 8vo. Chalcographimania ; the Print- 
 seller's Chronicle and Collector's Guide to the Knowledge 
 and Value of engraved British Portraits, Lon., 1814, 8vo. 
 " Notwithstanding the playful vein of ironical satire that cha 
 racterizes the ensuing pages, I think it expedient to acquaint my 
 readers that the information is not the mere result of a few months' 
 inquiry, but owes its foundation to many years' research into, and 
 connexion with, the Mysteries of Chalccgraphian and other Ma 
 nias." Preface. 
 
 Caulkins, Francis M., born in Conn. Tract Primer. 
 Bible Primer, pub. by the Am. Tract Soc. Hist of Norwich, 
 Conn., 8vo, pp. 358, 1845. Hist, of New London, Conn., 
 8vo, pp. 680, 1852. 
 
 Caundishe, Richard. The Image of Nature and 
 Grace ; containing the whole course and condition of Man's 
 Estate, Lon., 1574, 8vo. 
 
 Caunter, G. H. Hand Book of Chemistry, 1840, 12mo. 
 Caunter, Hobart, of St. James's Chapel, Lambeth. 
 24 Sermons, 1832, 8vo. 
 
 " The style, if not quite pure, is fluent and easy ; the doctrine 
 sound, and the applications often forcible and striking." British 
 Magazine. 
 
 Bible with Explanatory Notes, Lon., 1836, 8vo ; pub. in 
 Nos. Romance of India, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Eastern Legends, 
 p. 8vo. The Oriental Annual was for five years indebted 
 for its attractions to the pen of Hobart Caunter, and the 
 pencil of William Daniel. 
 
 " Mr. Caunter's literary productions are too well appreciated to 
 require comment." 
 
 Caunter, John Hobart, of Kensington, London, 
 1794-1852. The Island Bride ; a Poem, Lon., p. 8vo, 1830. 
 Sernis. 1832, 3 vols. 8vo. The Poetry of the Pentateuch, 
 1839, 2 vols. 8vo. Serms. on the Lord's Supper and the 
 Eight Beatitudes, 1849, 8vo. Other works. 
 
 Caurvana, Philippo. Oration to Q. Mary, Lon., 
 1601, 4to. 
 
 Cauty, W. Natura, Philosophica, et Ars, in concordia, 
 Lon., 1772, 8vo. 
 
 Cauvin, Joseph, assistant editor of Brando's Dic 
 tionary of Science, Literature, and Art, Lon., 1842, 8vo. 
 (See BRANDE, W. T.) New edit, of Lempriere's Classical 
 Dictionary, abridged from Anthon and Barker's; with 
 Corrections, Improvements, and Additions, so numerous as 
 to render it almost a new work, Lon., 1845, p. 8vo. 
 
 " Throughout the whole work, the Editor, keeping in view the 
 class of persons for whom it is especially intended, has studiously 
 aimed at delicacy of language and sentiment." 
 
 Cave, Edward, 1691-1754, the projector of The 
 Gentleman's Magazine, and foster-father of many poor 
 authors, can claim a place amongst the class whom he so 
 nobly befriended. He wrote an Account of Criminals, and 
 was employed by the Company of Stationers to correct the 
 Gradus ad Parnassum. As the founder of that invaluable 
 periodical to which this volume is deeply indebted The 
 Gentleman's Magazine he is entitled to lasting honour. 
 The first number was issued in January, 1731, and Johnson, 
 writing in 1754, (see his Life of Cave, in Gent. Mag. for 
 February,) remarks, 
 
 It has now subsisted three and twenty years, and still con 
 tinues equally to enjoy the favour of the world." 
 
 We, writing one hundred years later, (i. . in 1854,) can 
 repeat the latter clause of the paragraph. The whole series 
 to the present time, about 220 volumes, (now at our side, 
 should be in the library of every student of Englffeh lite 
 rature or political history. We are glad to see that the 
 present proprietors announce their intention of continuing 
 this work till " Time shall be no longer." If the " Lasi 
 Man" should inherit part, and take the rest, of the series > 
 be will (to use the bookseller's phrase) " need no other Li- 
 fee 
 
 CAV 
 
 brary !" It is probably known to the reader, that in th 
 commencement of Dr. Johnson's literary career, he drew 
 lis chief means of support from his contributions to the 
 Gentleman's Magazine. 
 
 " The Gentleman's Magazine, begun and carried on by Mr. Ed- 
 
 r ard Cave, under the name of Sylvanus Urban, bad attracted the 
 
 notice and esteem of Johnson, in an eminent degree, before he 
 
 ime to London as an adventurer in literature. He told me that 
 
 hen he first saw St. John's Gate, the place where that deservedly 
 
 wpular miscellany was originally printed, he 'beheld it with 
 
 everence.' " 
 
 Cave treated the needy young author with great kind 
 ness. He little thought that the highest honour which 
 rould attach to his name would be the fact of this then 
 bscure contributor's becoming his biographer. See John 
 son's Life of Cave, and Boswell's Johnson. 
 
 The publisher devoted himself to the prosperity of his 
 magazine with a zeal seldom equalled : 
 
 " Cave never looked out of his window but with a view to the 
 Gentleman's Magazine. ... He used to sell ten thousand; yet 
 such was then his minute attention and anxiety that the sale 
 should not suffer the smallest decrease, that he would name a par 
 ticular person who he heard had talked of leaving off the Maga 
 zine, and would say 'Let us have something good next month.'" 
 DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 It is interesting in this connexion to remark, that after 
 the death of Edward Cave, in 1754, The Gentleman's Ma 
 gazine was continued by David Henry, Edward Cave's 
 brother-in-law, and R. Cave. David Henry was connected 
 with this periodical until his death, in 1792, having " for 
 more than half a century taken an active part in the 
 management of the Gentleman's Magazine." In 1778 
 John Nichols a name which we never mention or write 
 without emotions of respect and affection obtained a 
 share in the Magazine, and rendered it more valuable than 
 at any period of its former history. Edmund Burke en 
 titled it " one of the most chaste and instructive miscella 
 nies of the age ;" Dr. Warton wrote to Nichols " under 
 your guidance it is become one of the most useful and en 
 tertaining miscellanies I know;" and Edward Gibbon 
 urged him to make a selection for future reference from 
 its overflowing pages. On the death of Mr. Nichols, in 
 1826, the magazine descended to his son the surviving 
 partner and the last number, i. e. for October, 1854, bears 
 the imprimatur of John Bowyer Nichols and Sons di 
 rectly under the venerable Gate of St. John's. It has 
 been in one family about fourscore years; and may the 
 Nicholses "live a thousand years," and issue the Gentle 
 man's Magazine " punctually on the first of every mouth !" 
 We need not apologize for this scrap of literary genea 
 logy. They who are wise, and yet lack the Gentleman's 
 Magazine, will forthwith procure the whole series ab initio, 
 if they can and if not, they will procure what they can 
 of the back volumes, and commence their subscriptions 
 with the next number. See NICHOLS, JOHN. 
 
 Cave, Henry. Antiquities of York, Lon., 1818, imp. fol. 
 Cave, Jane. Poems on various subjects,Brist.,1726,8vo. 
 Cave, John. .Sermons, 1679, '81, '82, '85. 
 Cave, Lisle. Against the Feare of Death, Lon., 
 1587, 16mo. 
 
 Cave, William, D.D., 1637-1713, a divine of great 
 learning, was a native of Pickwell, Leicestershire; ad 
 mitted into St. John's College, 1653; B.A., 1656; M.A., 
 1660; D.D., 1672; Vicar of Islington, 1662; Rector of 
 Allhallows the Great, London, 1679 ; Canon of Windsor, 
 1684; Vicar of Isleworth, 1690. Primitive Christianity, 
 or the Religion of the Ancient Christians, in 3 parts, Lon., 
 1672, '73, '75, '82, 1702, '14, 8vo; 1677, 2 'vols. fol. Ta 
 bulae Ecclesiastics, Lon., 1674, 8vo ; Hamb., 1676. The 
 Hamburg edit, was pub. without his knowledge. Anti- 
 quitates Apostolicse ; or the History of Christ, the Apos 
 tles, and St. Mark and St. Luke; being a continuation of 
 Jeremy Taylor's Life of Christ, Lon., 1675, '76, '77, fol.; 
 new-dit., carefully revised by Henry Cary, Oxf., 1840, 8vo. 
 "Dr. Cave's work requires to be consulted by all men of ecclesi 
 astical views." 
 
 Serious Exhortation relative to Dissent, Lon., 1685, '96, 
 fol. Apostolic! ; or the Lives, Acts, Deaths, and Martyr 
 doms of those who were contemporary with, or immedi 
 ately succeeded, the Apostles ; also of the most eminent 
 of the Primitive Fathers for the first Three Hundred 
 Years. To which is added A Chronology of the first three 
 Ages of the Church, 1677, '82, 1716, Ac., fol. 
 
 " If you will read Cave's Lives of the Fathers, you may be 
 tempted, by his faithful account of their lives and their worksite 
 search farther into those valuable remains of antiquity. 
 KNOWLES. 
 
 In 1732 (Lon., 4to) was pub. The Lives of the Fathers 
 of the Primitive Church, chiefly collected from the writ 
 ings of Dr. Cave. Sermon, 1680, 4to. Ecclesiastical or 
 
CAV 
 
 the History of the Lives, Acts, Deaths, and Writings of 
 the most eminent Fathers of the Church that flourished in 
 the 4th century ; wherein, among other things, an Account 
 is given of the Rise, Growth, and Progress of Arianism 
 and all other sects of that age, descending from it. To 
 gether with an Introduction, containing an Historical Ac 
 count of the State of Paganism under the first Christian 
 Emperor, Lon., 1683, fol. The Apostolici (1677) and the 
 Ecclesiastic! (1683) have been recently republished (Oxf., 
 1840, 3 vols. 8vo) by Rev. Henry Cary, under the title of ; 
 Lives of the most eminent Fathers of the Church that I 
 flourished in the first four centuries, &c. A Dissertation j 
 concerning the Government of the Ancient Church of | 
 Bishops, Metropolitans, and Patriarchs, more particularly 
 concerning the Bishop of Rome, and the encroachments 
 of that upon other Sees, especially the See of Constanti 
 nople, 1683, 8vo. Discourse of the Unity of the Catholic 
 Church maintained in the Church of England, 1684, 4to. 
 Chartophylax Ecclesiasticus, 1685, 8vo. Sermon, 1685, 
 4to. Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Historia Literaria a 
 Christo nato usque ad sgeculum XIV., cum Appendice, ab 
 alia nianu ab inuente sseculo XIV., ad annum usque 1517, 
 Lon., 1688, 2 vols. fol. Ejusdem pars altera accedit ad 
 finem cujusvis saeculi, Lon., 1698, fol. Col. Allob., 1720, 
 fol.; reprinted, with many additions and alterations, by 
 the author, Oxf., 1740-43, 2 vols. fol. Henry Wharton as 
 sisted in this work, and a controversy was thereby elicited, 
 (t?. n. in Chalmers's Biog. Diet.) 
 
 Bishop Watson observes that Casimiri Oudini Commen- 
 tarius de Scriptoribus Ecclesiae, &c., Leipsic, 1722, 3 vols. 
 fol., is a kind of supplement to Cave's Historia Literaria, 
 and other works of the same kind. 
 
 "Dr. Cave's other works are all inferior to this, which is his capi 
 tal performance. It discovers great reading, research, and accu 
 racy. It contains much important information, in comparatively 
 little room. It is highly praised by Walch, and was reprinted at 
 Geneva in 1705 and 1720. It occasioned a controversy with Le 
 Clerc, [Epistola Apologetica, &c., 1700, Svo.] which produced the 
 correction of several mistakes in the first edition. On this account 
 the latter editions are the best." Orme's Bill. Bib. 
 
 Cavendish, Charles, Lord. His Case, 1759, fol. 
 
 Cavendish, George, of Glemsford. The Negotia 
 tions of Woolsey, the Great Cardinall of England, &c. 
 Composed by one of his owne servants, being his Gentle 
 man-Usher, Lon., 1641 ; reprinted as The Life and Death 
 of Thomas Woolsey in 1667, 12mo, and 1706, Svo, and in 
 the Harleian Miscellany. This version is incorrect. A 
 faithful transcript from MSS. was pub. by Dr. Wordsworth 
 in his Ecclesiastical Biography, 1810, 6 vols. Svo; 4th 
 edit., 1839, enlarged. See Cavendish's Life of Woolsey 
 in this collection. This biography was formerly attributed 
 to Sir William Cavendish, the founder of the House of 
 Devonshire. That his brother George was really the au 
 thor, is satisfactorily proved by the Rev. Joseph Hunter, 
 of Bath, in his pamphlet Who wrote Cavendish's Life of 
 Woolsey? 1814, Svo. 100 copies printed. It was re 
 printed in Cavendish's Life, with notes and illustrations, 
 edited by Mr. Singer, 1827, Svo. 
 
 " All the memorials of such a man are, of course, worthy of 
 being preserved, and in achieving this object. Mr. Singer is entitled 
 to our praise and gratitude." Lon. Critical Gazette. 
 
 " The pen of Cavendish is a lively and a ready one. and all that 
 came under his own observation he describes with fidelity and ac 
 curacy. His style has the unstudied graces of a man writing in 
 earnest; and when it rises, as it frequently does, in denouncing 
 the blind caprices of chance, the degeneracy of the times, or the 
 neglect of obscure worth, it often possesses a dignity and impres 
 sive eloquence which marks a lofty and intellectual spirit. . . . 
 But what adds to the value of this production is, that there is no 
 where a more vivid or striking representation of the manners of 
 that distant age." See this excellent article in the Lon. Retro 
 spective Review, v. 1, 1822. 
 
 " There is a sincere and impartial adherence to truth, a reality 
 in Cavendish's narrative, which bespeaks the confidence of his 
 readers, and very much increases his pleasure." See Singer's 
 Metrical Visions, by Cavendish. 
 
 Cavendish, Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire. 
 The Passage of the Mountain of St. Gothard, Lon., 1802, 
 Svo. 
 
 Cavendish, Hon. Henry, 1730-1810, younger son 
 of Lord Charles Cavendish, and grandson of the Duke of 
 Devonshire, was a chemist of great eminence. He lived 
 a secluded life, engaged in his experiments, never married, 
 and left a million pounds sterling to his heirs. The results 
 of many of his experiments will be found in the Phil. 
 Trans., 1766, '69, '71, '76, '83, '90, '92, '98, 1809. Caven 
 dish ranks among the first of chemical philosophers. But 
 this is a subject upon which the learned may claim to 
 speak : 
 
 <; Cavendish est un des savants qui ont le plus contribue aux 
 progres de la chimie moderne. C*est lui qui, le premier, analysa 
 les proprietes particulars du gaz hydrogene, et assigna les carac- 
 
 CAV 
 
 tores qui distinguent ce gaz de 1'air atmosphSrique. C'est a lui 
 que 1'on doit la fameuse decouverte de la composition de 1'eau. 
 . . . Cavendish ne s'est pas moins distingue dans la physique en 
 y portant la mSme esprit d'exactitude. II etait aussi tres vers6 
 dans la haute geometric, et il en a fiiit une determination de la 
 densite moyenne de notre globe." BIOT. Yoyez Biographic Uni- 
 
 " Mr. Cavendish was a profound mathematician, electrician, and 
 chemist. Dr. Black, who had discovered carbonic acid, laid the 
 foundation of pneumatic chemistry. Cavendish is usually said to 
 have discovered hydrogen, (although it was prepared by Mayow, 
 Boyle, and Hales, long anteriorly,) and placed the second stone on. 
 the great superstructure which was afterwards to be raised by 
 Priestley and others. That common air consisted of oxygen and 
 nitrogen was known; but Cavendish demonstrated (1783) that it 
 consisted of a volume of 20-833 oxygen, and 79-166 nitrogen a 
 result which has been thoroughly confirmed by subsequent ex 
 periments. He likewise demonstrated the exact constitution of 
 water, although it is confidently affirmed that James Watt at the 
 same time knew its composition, and that his views were known 
 to Cavendish. Cavendish likewise showed that nitric acid is com 
 posed of nitrogen and oxygen Priestley having previously found 
 that electric sparks, when passed through air, turned litmus red, 
 Cavendish added potash to the solution evaporated, and obtained 
 nitre. While there is scarcely any doubt that there has been a 
 tendency to overrate Cavendish at the expense of others, he must 
 be always ranked as one of the first of English Chemists, who has, 
 by the accuracy of his experiments, assisted in laying the sure 
 foundation of the science." ROBT. DUNDAS THOMSON, M.D., F.R.S., 
 Professor of Chemistry. St. Thomas's Hospital College, London. See 
 Rich's Cyc. of Biog., 1854. 
 
 The following opinion of an eminent authority and un 
 exceptionable judge in the premises must not be omitted: 
 
 "Cavendish was possessed of a minute knowledge of most of the 
 departments of Natural Philosophy; he carried into his chemical 
 researches a delicacy and precision which have never been ex 
 ceeded; possessing depth and extent of mathematical knowledge, 
 he reasoned with the caution of a geometer upon the results of 
 his experiments; and it may be said of him, what perhaps can be 
 scarcely said of any other person, that whatever he accomplished 
 was perfect at the moment of its production. His processes were 
 all of a finished nature; executed by the hand of a master, they 
 required no correction ; the accuracy and beauty of his earliest 
 labours have remained unimpaired amidst the progress of dis 
 covery, and their merits have been illustrated by discussion, and 
 exalted by time." SIR HUMPHRY DAVY: Chemical Philosophy. 
 
 Cavendish, Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle, d. 
 1673, was as fond of authorship as her noble lord proved 
 himself to be. Lord Orford speaks disparagingly of her 
 ladyship's talents, but it is well known that Horace Wai- 
 pole spared no man (or woman) in his humour. Philo 
 sophical Fancies, Lon., 1653, 12mo. Poems and Fancies, 
 1653, fol. The World's Olio, 1655, fol. Nature's Picture 
 drawn by Fancie's Pencil, to the Life, 1656, fol. Philo 
 sophical and Physical Opinions, 1655, fol. Orations, 1662, 
 fol. Playes, 1662, fol. She wrote 26 Plays, and a num 
 ber of Scenes. Sociable Letters, 1664, fol. Observations 
 upon Experimental Philosophy, 1666, fol. Life of Wil 
 liam Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle, 1667, fol. The same in 
 Latin, 1668, fol. : " The Crown of her Labours." Grounds 
 of Natural Philosophy, 1668, fol. Letters and Poems, 
 1676, fol. Select Poems, edited by Sir E. Brydges, 1813, 
 Svo. Her autobiography, edited by Brydges, 1814, r. 8^0. 
 In one of her last productions, her ladyship, with CO*Q- 
 mendable frankness, avows a most ungovernable cacoethes 
 scribendi : 
 
 " I imagine all those who have read my former books will say 
 I have writ enough, unless they were better ; but say what you 
 will, it pleaseth me, and since my delights are harmless, / will 
 satisfy my humour : 
 
 " For had my brain as many fencies in't 
 To fill the world, I'd put them all in print ; 
 No matter whether they be well or ill exprest, 
 My will is done, and that pleases woman best." 
 
 " A lady worthy the Mention and Esteem of all Lovers of Poetry 
 and Learning. One who was a fit Consort for so Great a Wit as 
 the Duke of Newcastle. Her Soul sympathizing with his in all 
 things, especially in Dramatick Poetry ; to which she had a more 
 than ordinary propensity." Langbaine's Dramatick Poets, 1691. 
 
 " A fertile pedant, with an unbounded passion for scribbling." 
 HORACE WALPOLE. See R. & N. Authors. 
 
 " She makes each place where she comes a Library." FLECKNOB. 
 
 "She was the most voluminous writer of all the female poets, 
 and had a great deal of wit." JACOBS. 
 
 " We are greatly surprised that a lady of her quality should 
 have written so much, and are less surprised that one who loved 
 writing so well has written no better." GRANGER. 
 
 " Her person was very graceful. She was most indefatigable in 
 her studies, contemplations, and writings; was truly pious, chari 
 table, and generous, and a perfect pattern of conjugal love and 
 duty." BALLARD. 
 
 Cavendish, Sir Thomas, 1564-1592, a native of 
 Suffolk, was the second English circumnavigator of the 
 globe. Voyage to Magellanica in 1586 ; see Callander'a 
 Voyages i. 424 ; 1776. 
 
 Cavendish, William, Duke of Newcastle, 1592- 
 1676, husband of MARGARET, DUCHESS OF NEWCASTLE, 
 (q. v.) was a zealous champion of Charles I., and fought 
 valiantly on his side. La Methode nouvelle de dresser 
 
 357 
 
CAV 
 
 CAX 
 
 les Chevaux, <tc., avec Figures; or the new Method of j 
 managing Horses; with Cuts, Antwp., 3658, fol., first : 
 written in English, and trans, into French by a Walloon. ' 
 A new Method and Extraordinary Invention to dress 
 Horses, Lon., 1667, fol. Five Comedies, 1668, 4to. The 
 Triumphant Widow, 1677, 4to. System of Horsemanship j 
 in all its Branches, 1743, 2 vols. fol. Other compositions; j 
 verses, songs, <fec. Horse Subsecivse, 1620, 8vo, has been ' 
 attributed both to Lord Cavendish and Lord Chandos. 
 
 " The greatest master of wit, the most exact observer of man 
 kind, and the most accurate judge of humour I ever knew." 
 
 SUADWELL. 
 
 " Since the time of Augustus, no person better understood dra 
 matic poetry, nor more generously encouraged poets ; so that we 
 may truly call him our English Maecenas." Langbaine's Drama- 
 tick Poets. 
 
 " This noble personage was, from his earliest youth, celebrated 
 for his love of the Muses, and had a true taste for the liberal arts." 
 Biog, Drumat. 
 
 " Nothing could have tempted him out of those paths of plea 
 sure which he enjoyed in a full and ample fortune [which he sa 
 crificed by his loyalty, and lived for a time in extreme poverty] 
 but honour and ambition to serve the king when he saw him in 
 distress, and abandoned by most of those who were in the highest 
 degree obliged to him." EARL OF CLARENDON. 
 " But now behold a nobleman indeed, 
 
 Such as a w' admire in story when we read." FLECKNOE. 
 " One of the most finished gentlemen, as well as the most dis 
 tinguished patriot, general, and statesman of his age." GIBBER. 
 
 Cavendish, William, first Duke of Devonshire, 
 1640-1707, a distinguished statesman, also claims place 
 as an author. Speeches, 1680, '81. An Allusion to the 
 Bishop of Cambray's Supplement to Homer ; a Poein. An 
 Ode on the Death of Queen Mary. Some Fragments on 
 the Peerage. Most of his writings were printed in an Ap 
 pendix to the Memoirs of the Cavendishes by Dr. Kennett. 
 This is the nobleman who was fined 30,'000 (declared 
 illegal by the House of Lords, and not exacted) for taking 
 Colonel Culpepper by the nose, before the king, leading 
 him into an antechamber, and caning him. 
 
 " He was the finest and handsomest gentleman of his time." 
 MACKAY ; a contemporary. 
 
 " His grace was a poet, not by genius only, but by learning and 
 judgment ; whence Lord Roscommon made him a constant reviser 
 of his poetical productions." Oollins's Peerage. 
 
 Dryden is said to have preferred his grace's Ode on the 
 Death of Queen Mary to any one ever written on the same 
 occasion. 
 
 " He was the friend and companion, and at the same time the 
 equal, of Ormond, Dorset, Roscommon, and all the noble orna 
 ments of that reign of wit in which he passed his youth." DR. 
 CAMPBELL. 
 
 " A patriot among the men, a gallant among the ladies." HO 
 RACE WALPOLE : vide R. & N. Authors. 
 
 Caverhill, John, M.D., Royal College of Physicians, 
 London. Explanation of the 70 Weeks of Daniel, <fec., 
 Lon., 1777, 8vo. 
 
 " Dr. Caverhill has certainly studied the subject on which he 
 has written with great care, and brought a considerable portion 
 of learning to bear upon it." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 The Gout, 1769, 8vo. Other profes. treatises, 1767, 
 >70, '72. 
 
 Caverley, Sir H. Remarks in his Travels, 1683, fol. 
 Caveton, Pet. Junbrigalia. 
 Cavii, Guel. Vide CAVE. 
 
 Caw,George. Poetical Museum, Hawick, 1784, 18mo. 
 " Many of the border ballads, afterwards published by Sir Wal 
 ler Scott in the Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, first appeared 
 in this collection." LOWNDES. 
 
 Cawdray, or Cawdry, Robert. Treasurie or Store- 
 House of Similes, Lon., 1600, 4to, dedicated to Sir John 
 Harrington, Ac. Of the Profit and Necessity of Catechis 
 ing, Lon., 1592, 8vo. 
 
 Cawdrey, or Cawdry, Daniel, d. 1664, a Noncon 
 formist divine, ejected from his living in Northampton 
 shire. The Good Man a Public Good, Lon., 1643, 4to. 
 Other theological treatises, 1624-61. 
 
 Cawdrey, Zacharias. 1. Patronage. 2. Sermon, 
 1675, '84, 4to. 
 
 Cawdwell, Thomas. A Defence of an Ordained 
 Ministry, against the Brownists, Lon., 1724, 4to 
 
 Cawley, J. The Nature and Kinds of Simony dis 
 cussed, Lon., 1689, 4to. 
 
 Cawley, William. Laws concerning Jesuits, Ac., 
 1680, fol. 
 
 Cawood, Francis. 1. Navigation. 2. Fishery and 
 Manufactures, 1710, '13. 
 
 Cawood, John, of St. Edmund's Hall, Oxford, Per 
 petual Curate of Bewdley, Worcestershire. The Church 
 of England and Dissent; 2d edit., Lon., 1831, 12mo. Ser 
 mons, 1842, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Forcible, impressive, and evangelical." BICKERSTETH. 
 Cawte, R. Academic Lessons, 1786, 8vo. 
 
 Cawthorn, James, 1719-1761, an English divine 
 and poet, was matriculated at Clare Hall, Cambridge, in 
 1758. The Perjured Lover, 1736. Abelard to Eloisa, 1746. 
 Sermons, 1745, '48. An edit, of his poems was pub. in 
 1771, 8vo. 
 
 "As a poet he displays considerable variety of power, but per 
 haps he is rather to be placed among the ethical versifiers, than 
 ranked with those who have attempted with success the higher 
 flights of genius. As an imitator of Pope, he is superior to most 
 of those who have formed themselves in that school." 
 
 Cawton, Thomas, 1605-1659, a learned Puritan 
 divine, a native of Norfolk, England, studied at Queen's 
 College, Cambridge. He was skilled in Oriental learning, 
 and assisted Brian Walton in the Polyglot Bible, and 
 Castell in the Polyglot Lexicon. Serm., 1662. His Life, 
 by his son, and Serm. by the father, 1664, '75, 8vo. 
 
 Cawton, Thomas, 1637-1677, son of the above, also 
 a learned Orientalist, studied at Merton College, Oxford, 
 at Rotterdam, and Utrecht. Disputatio de Versione Sy- 
 riaca Yet. et Novi Testament!, Ultraj., 1657, 4to. Disser- 
 tatio de usu Linguae Hebraicae in Philosophia Theoretica, 
 Ibid., 1657, 4to. 
 
 " That on the Syriac Scriptures is more valuable, though not 
 more curious, than the one on the Hebrew language. He discusses 
 the Syriac version both of the Old and Kew Testaments. . . . 
 Leusden speaks in the highest terms of the author's diligence, 
 learning, and extensive acquaintance with the Hebrew and its 
 cognate dialects. Chaldaic, Syriac, and Arabic. It is gratifying to 
 perceive, that these branches of biblical literature are again reviv 
 ing in both parts of the island." O)~me's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Wood acknowledges that Hurst's eulogy on Cawton was 
 well deserved. 
 
 Caxton, William, 1412 F-1492, a native of the Weald 
 of Kent, is entitled to the lasting gratitude of posterity as 
 the introducer of the art of printing into England. At 
 the age of 15 he was apprenticed to a mercer in London, 
 Robert Large, created Lord Mayor in 1439, who, on his 
 death in 1441, left his apprentice the handsome legacy of 
 34 marks. Caxton left home for the Continent in 1442, 
 acting according to most authorities ascommercial agent 
 for the Mercers' Company of London. Mr. Oldys remarks : 
 
 "Jt is agreed on by those writers who have best acquainted 
 themselves with his story, he was deputed and intrusted by the 
 Mercers' Company to be their agent or factor in Holland, Zealand, 
 Flanders, &c., to establish and enlarge their correspondence, nego- 
 ciate the consumption of our own, and importation of foreign, 
 manufactures, and otherwise promote the advantage of the said 
 corporation in their respective merchandise." Vide CAXTON in 
 Biog. Brit. 
 
 Upon this Mr. Knight comments : 
 
 " This indeed is a goodly commission, if we can make out that 
 he received such. . . . The real fact is, that for twenty of those 
 years in which Caxton describes himself as residing m the coun 
 tries of Brabant, Holland, and Zealand, there was an absolute 
 prohibition on both sides of all commercial intercourse between 
 England and the Duchy of Burgundy, to which these countries 
 were subject ; and for nearly the whole period, no English goods 
 were suffered to pass to the continent except through the town of 
 Calais, and ; in France,' says Caxton, ' I was never.' " Knight's 
 Life of Caxton, Lon., 1844, 32mo. 
 
 In 1464 Edward the Fourth appointed Richard White- 
 hill and William Caxton, still abroad, to be his ambassa 
 dors and deputies to the Duke of Burgundy, for the "pur 
 pose of confirming an existing treaty of commerce, or, if 
 necessary, for making a new one." In 1466 a treaty was 
 concluded, by which the commercial relations between the 
 two countries, which had been interrupted for twenty years, 
 were restored. Margaret, sister of Edward IV. of Eng 
 land, was married to Charles, Duke of Burgundy, in 1468 
 at Bruges, and Caxton, who was then residing in this city, 
 received an appointment it is not known in what capa 
 city in the court of the duchess. He became a great 
 favourite with this noble lady, and in the course of con 
 versation she elicited from Caxton an acknowledgment 
 that "having no great charge or occupation," he had be 
 fore her grace's arrival commenced the translation from 
 French into English of the "Recuyell of the Historyes of 
 Troye" (by Raoul le Fevre) " for to pass therewith the 
 time." Discouraged with the difficulties attendant upon his 
 task, he had abandoned it ; but his noble mistress made 
 him go for his " five or six quires," and submit them to 
 her inspection, and then "commanded me straightly to 
 continue, and make an end of the residue then not trans 
 lated. Whose dreadful commandment I durst in no wise 
 disobey." 
 
 " The translation was begun in Bruges, the 1st of Marche, 
 in the yere 1468, continued in Gaunt, and finished in Colen, 
 the 19th of September, 1471." He then "deliberated in 
 himself to take the labour in hand of printing it together 
 with the third book of the Destruction of Troye, trans 
 lated of late by John Lydgate, a monk of Burye, in Eng 
 lish ritual." 
 
CAX 
 
 CEC 
 
 The book was printed ; but being sine anno et loco, the 
 place has been a matter of dispute. Perhaps there is 
 little risk of error in assigning Cologne as the city where, 
 and 1476 as the year in which, this first book in the Eng 
 lish language saw the light. It has been agreed by many 
 authorities that Caxton had previously printed in the Low 
 Countries the original R6cueil des Histoires de Troye, (in 
 1467,) and a Latin Speech by Russell, ambassador of Ed 
 ward IV. to Charles of Burgundy, (in 1469.) Mr. Knight 
 joins issue with Dibdin, Bryant, Hallam, and others upon 
 this point, and to their works we must refer the curious 
 reader. Caxton is supposed to have returned to England 
 about 1474, this being the date of the Game and Play of 
 the Chess, which is presumed to be the first book ever 
 printed in England. Authorities, however, are much at 
 variance in this matter. Raoul le Fevre's Recueil des 
 Histoires de Troye in the French, is by some presumed to 
 be Caxton's first issue in England. Some of his earliest 
 impressions are without date. We have already referred 
 to the bold assertion of Richard Atkyns, that Frederick 
 Corsellis had published a book in England in 1468. ( Vide 
 ATKYNS, RICHARD.) We need not linger upon a story 
 the details of which never obtained much credence. We 
 now behold the father of English printing installed in his 
 printing-office in Westminster Abbey, and assiduously la 
 bouring to extend the benefits of the new invention to his 
 grateful countrymen. He was one of the most industrious 
 and indefatigable of men, and literally " died in the har 
 ness," for (although he printed nothing after 1490) it is 
 believed that he spent some hours of the last day of his 
 life in translating for the press Vitae. Patrum, or " The righte 
 devout and solitairye lyfe of the anciente or olde holy 
 faders, hermytes, dwellinge in the deserts." He left this 
 world in May or June, 1492, after having zealously served 
 his generation. 
 
 " Exclusively of the labours attached to the working of his press 
 as a new art, our typographer contrived, though well stricken in 
 years, to translate not fewer than five thousand closely printed 
 folio pages. As a translator, therefore, he ranks among the most 
 laborious, and, I would hope, not the least successful, of his tribe. 
 The foregoing conclusion is the result of a careful enumeration of 
 all the books translated as well as printed by him; which, [the 
 translated books,] if published in the modern fashion, would ex 
 tend to nearly twenty-five octavo volumes!" Dibdirfs Typographi 
 cal Antiquities, q. v. See Biog. Brit.; Knight's Life of Caxton; 
 Life of Caxton, pub. by Soc. for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. 
 
 All of Caxton's impressions are now very valuable. A 
 copy of his first book, and the first printed in English, 
 which had belonged to Elizabeth Grey, Queen of Edward 
 IV., produced in the Roxburghe sale, (6350,) 1060 18. 
 This is of course no criterion of the value of ordinary 
 copies ; but an imperfect one of the same work brought at 
 the Lloyd sale, (1469,) 126, and a copy of the Chronycles 
 of Englond was sold by Leigh and Sotheby in 1815 for 
 105. The number of books printed by Caxton was sixty- 
 four, and we cannot add any thing of more value to this 
 article than a list of the whole, extracted from Dibdin's 
 Typographical Antiquities, Lon., 1810-19, 4 vols. 4to. 
 ALPHABETICAL LIST of the Books printed by Caxton, with 
 
 their supposed DEGREES OP RARITY : the number 6 < being 
 
 the highest degree : 
 
 Date. Deg. of Rarity. 
 
 ACCIDENCE No date 6 
 
 -&SOP 1484... , 5 
 
 ARTHUR, HISTORIES OF. 1485 6 
 
 BALLAD, FRAGMENT OP No date 6 
 
 BLANCHARDIN AND EGLANTINE " 6 
 
 BOETIUS " 4 
 
 BOOK OF DIVERS GHOSTLY MATTERS... " 5 
 
 BOOK OF GOOD MANNERS 1487 4 
 
 BOOK FOR TRAVELLERS " 5 
 
 CATO MAGNUS 1483 4 
 
 CATO PARVUS No date 5 
 
 CHARLES THE GREAT 1485 6 
 
 CHASTISING OF GOB'S CHILDREN No date.. 
 
 CHAUCER'S BOOK OF FAME " 
 
 " CANTERBURY TALES " 
 
 TROILUS AND CRESSIDE.... " 
 " MINORWORKS,WITH LYDGATE'S" 
 
 CHESS, GAME OF 1474 
 
 " No date 4 
 
 CHIVALRY, FAIT OP ARMS AND 1489 4 
 
 " ORDER OF. 1484 6 
 
 CHRONICLE OF ENGLAND, <fcc 1480 3 
 
 CORDIAL 1480 4 
 
 CRAFT TO KNOW WELL TO DIE 1490........'.'.'. 5 
 
 CURIAL OF ALAIN CHARTIER No date 6 
 
 DlCTES OF THE PHILOSOPHERS 1477 4 
 
 Date. Deg. of Rarity. 
 
 DE FIDE ET CANTU, Ac No date 5 
 
 DIRECTORIUM SACERDOTUM " 5 
 
 DOCTRINAL OF SAPIENCE 1489 4 
 
 EDWARD THE CONFESSOR qu? 
 
 GODFREY OF BOULOGNE 1481 5 
 
 GOLDEH LEGEND 1483 4 
 
 GOWER'S CONFESSIO AMANTIS 1483 3 
 
 HOR^E No date 6 
 
 JASON 1475 5 
 
 INFANCIA SALVATORIS No date 6 
 
 KATHERINE OF SIENNE " 4 
 
 KNIGHT OF THE TOWER 1484 4 
 
 LIBER FESTIVALIS 1483 4 
 
 LIFE OF OUR LADY No date 4 
 
 " SAINT WENEFRID " 5 
 
 LOMBARDY, HISTORY OP qu? 
 
 LUCIDARY No date 6 
 
 LYNDEWOOD qu? 
 
 MIRROR OF THE WORLD 1481 4 
 
 OVID'S METAMORPHOSES 1480 6 
 
 PARIS AND VIENNE 1485 6 
 
 PILGRIMAGE OF THE SOUL 1483 4 
 
 POLYCHRONICON 1482 4 
 
 PROVERBS OF PISA 1478 5 
 
 REYNARD THE Fox 1481 6 
 
 ROYAL BOOK 1484 4 
 
 RUSSEL, ORATION OF No date 6 
 
 SIEGE OP RHODES " 6 
 
 SPECULUM VITE CHRISTI " 4 
 
 STATUTES " 6 
 
 TROY, RECUEIL DES HISTOIRES " 6 
 
 " HISTORIES OF 1471 5 
 
 TULLY OF OLD AGE, &c 1481 3 
 
 VIRGIL'S ^NEID 1490 4 
 
 WORK OP SAPIENCE No date 4 
 
 Cay, Dr. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1698. 
 Cay, Henry Boult. Abridgt. Public Statutes, from 
 llth of Geo. II. to 1st Geo. III. inclusive, Lon., fol. This 
 is a supplementary vol. to J. Cay's Abridgt., (q. v.) Abridgt. 
 of Statutes from Magna Charta to 1st Geo. III., 1739, 
 2 vols. fol. ; 2d edit., 1762, 2 vols. fol. ; sup. vol., 1766. 
 
 Cay, John. Abridgt. Public Statutes, Ac., from Magna 
 Charta 9th Hen. III. to llth Geo. II. inclusive, Lon., 
 1739, 2 vols. fol. Continuation v. Cay H. B. Statutes at 
 Large from Magna Charta to 30th Geo. II., 1785, 6 vols. 
 fol. Continuation from 30th Geo. II. to 13th Geo. III., by 
 Owen Ruffhead, 1768-73, 3 vols. fol. 
 
 Cay, John. Analysis of the Scotch Reform Act, with 
 Decisions of the Courts of Appeal. Parts 1 and 2, Lon., 
 1837-40, 8vo. 
 
 Cay, Robert. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1722; bending 
 Plank by a Sand Heat. 
 
 Cayley, Arthur. The Life of Sir Walter Raleigh, 
 Lon., 1805, 2 vols. 4to ; 2d edit., 1806, 2 vols. 8vo. Memoir 
 of Sir Thomas More, with a new trans, of his Utopia, his 
 History of K. Richard III., and his Latin Poems, 1808, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " He is either no favourite of the historic muse, or he does not 
 pay her sufficiently assiduous court, for he can as yet boast of few 
 of the fascinations and enchantments -which she places at the dis 
 posal of her successful suitors." 
 
 See Lon. Monthly Rev., 1806, 8vo. 
 Cayley, Arthur, b. 1821, at Richmond, Surrey, a 
 distinguished mathematician. Contributions principally 
 on the Pure Mathematics to The Cambridge, The Cam 
 bridge and Dublin, and Quarterly, Mathematical Journals, 
 Philosophical Transactions, Camb. Phil. Trans., Phil. Maga 
 zine, Liouville's Journal de Mathematiques. and Crelle's 
 Journal fur die reine und angewandte Mathematik. 
 Cayley, Cornelius. Theolog. treatises, 1758-62. 
 Cayley, Edward. The European Revolutions, 1848, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Cayley has evidently studied his subject thoroughly : he 
 has consequently produced an interesting and philosophic history 
 of an important epoch." New Quar. Rev. 
 
 Cayley, Sir George. Con. to Nic. Jour., 1807, '09, 
 '10; and to Phil. Mag., 1816 : subjects, Aerial Navigation; 
 Mechanical power from Air expanded by Heat. 
 
 Cazenove, J., President of the London Chess Club. 
 Selection of curious and entertaining Games at Chess that 
 have been actually played by J. Cazenove, Lon., 1817, 12mo. 
 Circulated only among the friends of the author. 
 
 Ceby. Opuscules Lyriques; Lyric Poems, or Songs, 
 presented to Lady Nelson, 1801, 8vo. 
 
 Cecil, Catherine. Memoir of Mrs. Hawkes, late of 
 Islington, including Remarks in Conversation and Extracts 
 from Sermons and Letters of the late Rev. R. Cecil; 4th 
 ed., 1849, 8vo. 
 
 359 
 
CEC 
 
 Original Thoughts on Scripture, etc., from serms. of R. 
 Cecil, Lon., 1848. 
 
 Cecil, Edward, Lord Viscount Wimbledon. Journal 
 of his Expedition upon the Coast of Spain, Lon., 1625, '26, 
 4to. His Answer to the Earl of Essex and nine others. A 
 Letter to the Mayor of Portsmouth. Some Letters in the 
 Cabala, the Harleian MSS., and two MS. tracts in Brit. 
 Mus. He was second son of the Earl of Exeter, and grand 
 son of Lord Burleigh. 
 
 Cecil, Sir Edward. Speech in Parliament, 1621, 4to. 
 
 Cecil, Henry Montague. The Mysterious Visitor ; 
 or May, the Rose of Cumberland; a Novel, 1805, 2 vols. 
 
 Cecil, Richard, 1748-1810, a native of London, was j 
 entered of Queen's College, Oxford, in 1773; ordained Dea- | 
 con, 1776; Priest, 1777; Minister of St John's, Bedford 
 Row, London, 1780; presented to the livings of Chobham j 
 and Bisley, in Surrey, 1800. Mr. C. was distinguished as ! 
 a preacher, and for his skill in music and painting. Life 
 of Hon. and Rev. W. B. Cadogan, 1798; of John Bacon, I 
 the sculptor, 1801; of Rev. John Newton, 2d edit., 1808. j 
 These biographies are contained in vol. i. of the edit, of 
 his Works, (edited by Rev. Joseph Pratt,) in 4 vols. 8vo, 
 1811 ; vol. ii. contains his Miscellanies and Practical Tracts ; 
 vol. iii. his Sermons; vol. iv. his Remains. He pub. a Se 
 lection of Psalms and Hymns for the Public Worship of 
 the Church of England, of which the 32d edit, was pub. 
 before 1840. In 1839 a vol. of his Sermons, then first col 
 lected, was issued ; new edit., 1853, 12mo. An edit, of his 
 Works, ed. by Mr. Pratt, appeared in 1838, 2 vols. 8vo; and 
 his Original Thoughts, edited by Catherine Cecil ; 2d ed., 
 1851, p. 8vo. Some of his original melodies will be found in 
 Theophania Cecil's Psalm and Hymn Tunes, and a number 
 of his letters and remarks in the Memoir of Mrs. Hawkes. 
 
 " Cecil was a man deservedly distinguished among the evangeli 
 cal clergymen of the established Church." BISHOP JEBB. 
 
 " Remarkably original : with striking and judicious -views. His 
 Remains, eminently useful to ministers, and perhaps one of the 
 most valuable books that has been given to them in modern times." 
 
 BlCKERSTETH. 
 
 " Cecil's style of preaching partook largely of his characteristic 
 excellence. . . . His ideas, like the rays of the sun, carried their 
 own light with them. Images and illustrations were at his com 
 mand, and rendered his discourses not only instructive but fas 
 cinating. They were living pictures." 
 
 "In Richard Cecil we see a man combining the rich soil of 
 native talent with a refinement of cultivation not surpassed by 
 classic example ; while in him the elegant and profound scholar 
 and polished gentleman are only the subordinate characters of 
 the humble-minded, devoted, and enterprising follower of the lowly 
 iesus." Baptist Advocate,. 
 
 " His style of preaching was original and striking, acutely scruti 
 nizing, richly embodied with evangelical statements, and bearing 
 pointedly upon the experience of the Christian." Lon. Christian 
 Observer. 
 
 Cecil, Robert, Earl of Salisbury, 1550F-1612, son of 
 the great Lord Burleigh, and his father's successor as prime 
 minister of England, was educated at St. John's College, 
 Oxford. An Answer to several scandalous papers, Lon., 
 1666, fol., and 4to. The State and Dignity of a Secretary 
 of State's Place, 1642, 4to. Secret Correspondence with 
 James VI., King of Scotland, pub. by D. Dalrymple, Lord 
 Hailes, Edin., 1766, 12mo. Some of his papers are in the 
 Harleian MSS., 305 and 354. 
 
 " He was evidently a man of quicker parts, and a more spirited 
 writer and speaker, than his father." DR. BIRCH. 
 
 "'Tofore great men were glad of poets; now 
 
 I. not the, worst, am covetous of thee, 
 Yet dare not to my thought least hope allow 
 Of adding to thy fame: thine may to me, 
 When in my book men read but CECIL'S name." 
 
 BEN JONSON : Epigrams. 
 See Park's Walpole's R. & N. Authors. 
 
 Cecil, William, Lord Burleigh, Lord High Trea 
 surer of England, 1520-1598, was prime minister for more 
 than half a century. He was entered of St. John's Col 
 lege, Cambridge, May 27, 1535, and speedily distinguished 
 himself by his proficiency in his studies. As regards his 
 subsequent career we may adopt the words of Lord Orford. 
 Burleigh's is 
 
 " One of those great names better known in the annals of his 
 country, than in those of the republic of letters. In the latter 
 light only it is the business of this work to record him." S. <&N. 
 Authors. 
 
 The Execution of Justice in Eng., Lon., 1583, 4to; again, 
 1583, 4to ; 1675, '88, 8vo ; in Latin, 1584, 8vo ; Italian, 1584, 
 8vo. Precepts, Ac., 1536, 18mo. Diarium Expeditionis 
 Scotieae, 1541, 12mo. Speech, 1592. Advertisement, <fcc., 
 1592, 8vo. Advice to Q. Elizabeth in Matters of Religion and 
 State, 1592, 8vo. Memorial presented to Q. Elizabeth against 
 her being En grossed by any Particular Favourite,1714,12mo. 
 Advice to his Son, 1722, 12mo. His Life of Collins, 1732, 8vo. 
 Memoirs of his Life and Adranced Station, Ac. ; with an 
 
 CIIA 
 
 Appendix of Original Papers by R. C., 1738, 4to. Preface 
 to Queen Catherine Parr's Lamentation of a Sinner. For 
 an account of his Letters, Genealogical and other pieces 
 in MS., <fec., see Park's Walpole's R. & N. Authors. Col 
 lection of State Papers, 1542-70; 1740, fol.; ditto, 1571- 
 96 ; 1759, fol. Letters, 1542-70, were pub. by Haynes in 
 1740 ; ditto, 1571-96, pub. by Murdin, 1759. Scrinia Ce- 
 ciliana ; being his Letters, 1663, 4to. See Somers's Tracts 
 for his First Paper, a Memorial, and Ballard's Brit. Ladies 
 for his Meditation on the death of his Lady. A review of 
 Haynes's and Murdin's collection of Cecil's State Papers 
 will be found in Retrosp. Review, N. S., i. 204-30; 419- 
 36, (1827.) In 1828-31 a most important work was giver, 
 to the world by the Rev. Dr. Nares, Regius Professor 
 of Modern Hist, in the University of Oxford; viz., Me 
 moirs of the Life and Administration of Cecil, Lord Burgh- 
 ley, containing a Hist. View of the Times in which he 
 lived, and of the illustrious Persons with whom he was 
 connected; now first pub. from the originals, 3 vols. 4to. 
 No man should pretend to dogmatize upon the events of 
 Elizabeth's reign who has not digested these quartos. 
 
 "A publication of the highest national interest, and a great 
 and valuable accession to our knowledge of English history, at a 
 
 Kriod when that history is most important In his preface 
 . Nares tells us that he found that he had done but little when 
 he had carefully read and examined more than fifty-nine thousand 
 closely printed pages for one volume alone. It is by such indefa 
 tigable researches that he has been enabled to correct many errors 
 in Rapin, Strype, Neale, Lingard, and others." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 "This elaborate and sterling work appears in the good old solid 
 form of nearly 800 pages to the volume. As it would be impossi 
 ble, in a journal like ours, to afford any adequate idea of the mul 
 titude of great historical, biographical, religious, and political 
 questions which are embraced and discussed in a work of such 
 magnitude, we must here take leave of it, and content ourselves 
 with again recommending it on its intrinsic merits as a work of 
 great historical value." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 " Both public depositories and private collections have been con 
 sulted with all the ardour that the magnitude and importance of 
 the work required." Lon. Gent. Mag. 
 
 "If thou would'st know the vertues of mankind, 
 Read here in one, what thou in all canst find, 
 And go no further : let this circle be 
 . Thy universe, though his epitome : 
 CECIL, the grave, the wise, the great, the good! 
 What is there more that can ennoble blood?" 
 
 Ben Jonson's Epigrams. 
 
 Cecil, William. Every Bankrupt his own Lawyer, 
 1715, 8vo. 
 
 Celer, L. The Censors Censured, Lon., 1698, 8vo. 
 
 Cellier, Eliz. Malice Defeated, &c., 1680, '89, 4to. 
 
 Celsius, Andrew. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1725-36: 
 Astronomy; Antiquities; the Barometer. 
 
 Cennick, John, a Calvinistic Methodist, d. 1755. 
 Edward Lee, 1729, 8vo. Autobiog., 1745, 8vo. Serms., 
 1762, 2 vols. 12mo; frequently reprinted; last edit., 1852, 
 12mo. 
 
 "Great simplicity and zeal." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 " Evangelical." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Cent, Nehem. A Word to L. P. Assembly, Lon., 
 1650, 4to. 
 
 Centlivre, Susannah, 1667 P-1722, a dramatic writer 
 of considerable note in her day, was a daughter of Mr. 
 Freeman, of Lincolnshire. She was thrice married : 1st 
 to a nephew of Sir Stephen Fox; 2dly to Colonel Carrol; 
 and 3dly to Joseph Centlivre, principal cook to Queen 
 Anne. She sometimes appeared upon the stage, but was 
 more successful as a composer. Her wit, beauty, and ac 
 complishments made her a favourite in the literary circles 
 presided over by Steele, Budgell, Rowe, Ac. Her Works, 
 with a New Account of her Life, appeared in 1761, 3 vols. 
 12mo. A list of her 19 plays among which A Bold Stroke 
 for a Wife and the Perjured Husband will be found in 
 the Biog. Dramatica. 
 
 " We cannot help giving it as our opinion, that if we do not al 
 low her to be the very first of our female writers for the stage, she 
 has but one above her, and may justly be placed next to her pre 
 decessor in dramatic glory, the great Mrs. Bebn." Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Ceolfrid, or Ceolfrith, 642 ?-7l6, succeeded Benedict 
 Biscop in 690 as Abbot of Wearmouth. His letter ad 
 dressed to the King of the Picts on the observance of Easter, 
 has been highly commended. 
 
 " Bale attributes to Ceolfrid, Homilies, Epistles, and other works, 
 amongst which one, he says, treated of De sua peregrinatione. 
 Little credit however can be given to this statement, as Bale had 
 evidently not seen the books he describes." Wright's Biog. Brit. 
 Lit. 
 
 Cetta, John. Tryal of Witchcraft, shewing the true 
 and right method of discovery, 1616, 4to. 
 
 Chad, G. W. Revolution in Holland, 1814, 8vo. 
 
 Chaderton, Lawrence, D.D., first Master of Ema- 
 nuel College, Cambridge, 1546-1640, was educated at 
 Christ's College. He was one of the translators of the 
 
CHA 
 
 CHA 
 
 version of the Bible made by order of James I. Sermon, 
 1578, 16mo. Treatise on Justification ; pub. by A. Thysius, 
 Prof, of Divinity at Leyden, with other tracts on the same 
 subject, His Life was pub. by William Dillingham, at 
 Cambridge, in 1700. 
 
 "He was a man of acknowledged piety, benevclence.and learning." 
 
 Chadlicet, Thomas. Speech in behalf of the King 
 and Parliament, Lon., 1642, 4to. 
 
 Chadwell. Scripture Concordance, Lon., 1650, 12mo. 
 Satyr to his Muse, Lon., 1682, fol. 
 
 Chadwich, Daniel. Sermon, Lon., 1698, 12mo. 
 
 ChadAVich, John. Sermon, 1614, 4to. 
 
 Chadxvick, Edwin, b. 1801, near Manchester. Re 
 port from the Poor-Law Commissioners, Lon., 1842. 
 
 " A great deal of authentic and very valuable information. . . . 
 The interesting and elaborate report by the same gentleman, on 
 interment in towns, discloses some really frightful abuses." 
 McCulloclSs Lit. of P,,lit. Economy. 
 
 Chadwick, Rev. Jabez, b. 1779, at Lee, Mass. For 
 more than fifty years a pastor in Western N. Y. Two works 
 on Christian Baptism, 1832-38. New Testament Diet., 
 1849 ; a work which received high commendation. 
 
 Chafie. The Fourth Commandment, 1652, 4to. 
 
 Chafin, William. Anecdotes and History of Cran- 
 bourn Chase, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Chafy, John. Fast Sermon, 1757, 8vo. 
 
 Chafy, William. Sermon, 1803, 8vo. 
 
 Chalenor, Mary. Walter Gray ; a Ballad, and other 
 Poems, Lon., 12mo ; 2d ed., 1843. Poetical Remains of 
 M. C., 12mo, 1843 ; and included in 2d edit, of Walter Gray. 
 
 " As the simple and spontaneous effusions of a mind apparently 
 filled with feelings which render the fireside happy, and untinc- 
 tured with affectation or verbiage, they may with benefit be re 
 ceived into the ' happy homes of England,' and offered as a gift to 
 the youthful of both sexes." Cftambers's L'din. Journal. 
 
 " The poems are sweetly natural ; and though on topics often 
 sung, breathe a tenderness and melancholy which are at once sooth 
 ing and consolatory." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 Chalford, K. Sermon, Oxf., 1644, 4to. 
 
 Chalk, Eliza. A Peep into Architecture, Lon., 16mo : 
 2d ed., 1848. 
 
 " What has been done by Mrs. Chalk is simply, unaffectedly, 
 and well written. Most of the principal details of Church Archi 
 tecture and ornaments are briefly explained in lansuage divested 
 of technical characters; and the neat lithographic illustrations are 
 decidedly well chosen, and correctly delineated." Ecclesiologist. 
 
 "It traces the history of Architecture from the, earliest times." 
 The. Builder. 
 
 "A meritorious attempt pleasingly written." Lon. Athf.nceum. 
 
 Chalkhill, John, is a name prefixed by Izaak Walton 
 to a work pub. by him in 1683, entitled Thealma and 
 Clearchus : A Pastoral History in smooth and easie verse. 
 Walton speaks of Chalkhill as the Friend and "Acquaint 
 ance of Edmund Spenser," but as there is no other evidence 
 of the existence of such a friend of the author of the Faery 
 Queen, (for the Winchester Cathedral Chalkhill cannot be 
 the poet wanted,) some critics have considered Chalkhill 
 as only a nom de plume, and believe Walton to be the au 
 thor of the Pastoral History. See this question discussed 
 in Mr. Singer's reprint of Thealma and Clearchus in an 
 article in the Lon. Retrospective Review, iv. 230, 1821, and 
 in Beloe's Anecdotes, i. 69-74. Those who have confidence 
 in Izaak's veracity, when they read the following positive 
 assertions, may feel inclined to range themselves on the 
 side of Chalkhill believers: 
 
 " He was in his time a man generally known, and as w.ell be 
 loved; for he was humble and obliging in his behaviour; a gentle 
 man, a scholar, very innocent and prudent; and, indeed, his whole 
 life was useful, quiet, and virtuous." 
 
 " The versification of Thealma and Clearchus is extremely sweet 
 and equable. Occasionally harsh lines and unlicensed rhymes 
 occur ; but they are only exceptions to the general style of the 
 poem, the errors of haste or negligence." Lon. Retrosp. .Ker.,1821. 
 
 Chalkey, Thomas, d. 1749, whilst on a missionary- 
 visit at the isle of Tortola, came from England to Penn 
 sylvania in 1701, and resided chiefly in this State for the 
 rest of his life. His Journal, and a collection of his writ 
 ings, were pub. at Phila., 1747; Lon., 1751 ; N.Y., 1808. 
 " He was a man of many virtues." See Proud's Hist., i. 463. 
 
 Challen, Rev. James, b. at Hackensack, N. Jersey; 
 a publisher in Philadelphia. 1. The Cave of Machpelah, 
 and other Poems, Phila., 1856, 12mo. 2. The Gospel and 
 its Elements. 3. Christian Evidences. 
 
 Challice, A. E. The Village School Fete, Lon., 12mo. 
 "Considered as a religious tale, the story is well contrived, and 
 there is with it a better knowledge of the world than is often found 
 in serious novels." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 Challoner, Richard, D.D., Bishop of Debra, 1691- 
 1781, a native of Lewes, Sussex, studied at the English 
 R. C. College at Douay, and embraced the Roman Catho 
 lic religion. In 1730 he returned to England, and pub. 
 an answer to Middleton's Letter from Rome, for which he 
 was denounced as an enemy to his country, and obliged to 
 
 | abscond. In 1741 he was made titulary Bishop of Lon- 
 I don and Salisbury, and Vicar Apostolic of the Metropoli- 
 ! tan District. Church History, 1737, 3 vols. fol. Britan 
 nia Sancta, Lon., 1745, fol. A Manual of Prayers and 
 other Christian Devotions, revised by R. C., 1819, 18mo. 
 Grounds of the Catholic Doctrine, 13th edit., 1828, 18mo. 
 A Popular Tract. Memoirs of Missionary Priests, and 
 others of both Sexes, who suffered on Account of their Re 
 ligion from 1577 to 1688, Manchest, 1803. Spirit of Dis 
 senting Teachers. Grounds of the Old Religion. Unerr 
 ing Authority of the Catholic Church. A Caveat against 
 Methodism. Meditations for every Day in the Year, Der 
 by, 1843, 2 vols. 24mo. A'repub. of Gother's Papist Misre 
 presented and Represented ; 26th edit., Lon., 1825, 18mo, 
 a popular R. C. tract. Life of Richard Challoner, by 
 James Barnard, Lon., 1784, 8vo. 
 
 Chalmers. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1750. 
 Chalmers, Alexander, 1759-1834, a native of Aber 
 deen, where his father was a printer, received a good clas 
 sical and medical education. He came to London about 
 1777, and found literary employment as a contributor to 
 St. James's Chronicle, The Morning Chronicle, The Morn 
 ing Herald, and the Critical and Analytical Reviews. A 
 Continuation of the History of England,, in Letters, 1793, 
 2 vols.; 1798; 1803; 1821. Glossary to Shakspeare, 1797. 
 Sketch of the Isle of Wight, 1798. Barclay's English 
 Dictionary. The British Essayist, 1843, 45 vols. 12mo : 
 j commencing with The Tatler, and ending with The Ob 
 server; with Prefaces, Hist, and Biog., and collated with 
 j the original editions; again pub. in 1808 and in 1823, 
 38 vols. 18mo. The Spectator, Tatler, and Guardian in 
 1822, 12 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " The long series of periodical works, which, from the days of 
 Addison to those of Mackenzie, have enriched our literature with 
 so many effusions of genius, humour, wit, and learning." Sm 
 WALTER SCOTT. 
 
 "As we read in these delightful volumes of the ' Tatler 5 and 
 ' Spectator,' the past age returns the England of our ancestors is 
 revivified. The May Pole rises again in the Strand, in London the 
 beaux are gathering in the Coffee Houses. The footmen are run 
 ning with links before chariots, or fighting round the theatre doors, 
 Ac." THACKERAY. 
 
 In 1809 he pub. an edition of Shakspeare with Hist, and 
 Explanatory Notes from the most eminent Commentators, 
 <fec. ; from Steevens, <fec. ; again, 1812 and 1845, 8 vols. 8vo. 
 We quote an opinion without comment : 
 
 " This is, unquestionably, the most desirable edition for all who 
 desire to enjoy their author, without having their attention drawn 
 from 4 him every moment to the petty squabbles of his parasitical 
 commentators." 
 
 Works of the English Poets from Chaucer to Cowper ; 
 with Johnson's Lives, and additional Lives, by A. C., 1810, 
 j 21 vols. r. 8vo, 25. History of the Colleges, Halls, and 
 Public Buildings attached to the University of Oxford, in 
 cluding the Lives of the Founders, 1810, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "This work contains much information which will be useful 
 and amusing to the generality of readers, and which could not be 
 procured, except in works which are now become both scarce and 
 expensive." Lon. Quarterly fieview. 
 
 "A fitter person to execute this task than Mr. Chalmers could 
 not have been found; long versed in every branch of inquiry re 
 lative to the history, biography, and antiquities, as well as prac 
 tised in the art of writing, of a discriminating mind, and cool judg 
 ment." Lon. British Critic. 
 
 The General Biographical Dictionary, 1812-17, 32 vols. 
 8vo. This is a very valuable work, to which this volume 
 is very much indebted. 
 
 " No good library can possibly be considered complete without 
 the excellent Biographical Dictionary of Chalmers." 
 
 " The most extensive and important "body of Biographical and 
 I Bibliographical information ever published in this country." 
 
 This work is now (1854) worth 7 to 10, according to 
 the binding and condition. 
 
 Among the last labours of Mr. C. were an abridgment 
 of Todd's Johnson Dictionary, in 1820 ; the 9th edit of 
 Boswell's Johnson, in 1822, and a new edit, of Shakspeare, 
 and one of Dr. Johnson's works, in 1823. In addition to 
 the labours noticed by us, he edited the works of Fielding, 
 Gibbon, Bolingbroke, Pope, <fcc., wrote many biographi 
 cal sketches, and assisted in a number of literary under 
 takings. For particulars see Lon. Gent Mag., Feb. 1835. 
 
 "Mr. Chalmers was most indefatigable and laborious in his stu 
 dies and devotion to literature. No man ever edited so many 
 works for the booksellers of London ; and his attention to accuracy 
 of collation, his depth of research as to facts, and his discrimina- 
 i tion as to the character of the authors under his review, cannot 
 be too highly praised." ion. Gent. Mug., 1835. 
 
 Chalmers, Lt. (has. Polit Pamphlets, 1796-1802. 
 
 Chalmers, David. See CHAMBERS. 
 
 Chalmers, George, 1742-1825, a native of Foclmbers, 
 Scotland, was educated at King's College, Old Aberdeen. 
 After devoting some time to the study of the law, he emi 
 grated to Maryland, and practised in the colonial courts 
 
CHA 
 
 CHA 
 
 for ten years. The American struggle for independence, 
 to which he was opposed, proving successful, he returned 
 to England, and his loyalty was rewarded in 1786 by a 
 clerkship in the board of trade, which he retained until his 
 death. He pub. a number of political, historical, biogra 
 phical, and miscellaneous works, some of which we notice. 
 A Collection of Treaties between Great Britain and other 
 Powers, Lon., 1750, 2 vols. Svo; and 1790. Political An 
 nals of the Present United Colonies, Book 1, to 1688, 1780, 
 ,4to ; all published. Repub., with addits., Introduc. to the 
 Hist., Ac., Bosk, 1845, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " You will sometimes see the work of Chalmers referred to. It 
 is an immense, heavy, tedious book, to explain the legal history 
 of the different colonies of America. It should be consulted on all 
 such points. But it is impossible to read it. The leaves, however, 
 should be turned over, for curious particulars often occur, and the 
 nature of the first settlement and original laws of each colony should 
 be known. The last chapter, indeed, ought to be read. The right 
 to tax the colonies became a great point of dispute. Chalmers 
 means to show that the sovereignty of the British Parliament ex 
 isted over America, because the settlers, though emigrants, were 
 still English subjects and members of the empire." Prof. Smyth's 
 Lect. <m Mod. Hist. 
 
 Lord Sheffield's Observations on the Commerce of the 
 American States were pub. in 1784. An Estimate of the 
 Comparative Strength of Great Britain during the next 
 and four preceding Reigns, Ac., 1782, 4to; 1794, 1802; new 
 edit., corrected and continued to 1810; 1810, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Written to dispel the gloomy apprehensions of those who sup 
 posed that the country was in a ruined state at the close of the 
 American war; and it successfully accomplished its object." 
 
 MCCULLOCH. 
 
 Opinions on Interesting Subjects of Public Laws and 
 Commercial Policy, arising from American Independence, 
 1784, 8vo. Apology for the Believers of the Shakspeare 
 Papers, 1797, 8vo. Supplementary Apology, 1799, 8vo. 
 Appendix, 1800, 8vo. 
 
 "Indispensably necessary to every Shakspearian collector." 
 LOWNDES. 
 
 Life of Thomas Buddiman, 1794, 8vo. The Appendix 
 contains a valuable chronological list of early English 
 newspapers, and other interesting matter. 
 
 Life of Sir David Lyndsay, and a Glossary of his Poetical 
 Works, 1806, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Chalmers has here given a much-improved and excellent 
 edition of the works of Sir David Lyndsay. His publication is 
 entitled to the highest commendation." British Critic. 
 
 Life of Mary, Queen of Scots, from the State Papers, 2d 
 edit,, 1822, 3 vols. Svo. A valuable history. 
 
 Mr. C/s great work, to which much of his life was de 
 voted, was a comprehensive topographical and historical 
 account of Great Britain, from the earliest times styled 
 Caledonia. Of the four volumes projected, only three 
 appeared the result of vast labour and research Vol. i., 
 1807; ii., 1810; iii., 1824; all 4to. The concluding por 
 tion was left by the indefatigable author in MS. 
 
 " The Caledonia is to the Anglo-Saxon History what Stonehenge 
 is to a carved front in an old cathedral. It is one of the children 
 of Anak. In deep research and heaping together of matter, the 
 Britannia of Camden fades away before it. A life, and a long and 
 busy one, was almost exclusively devoted to this stupendous 
 work : the author lived to complete it, and no more. The con 
 cluding volume is still in manuscript; and no bookseller has ap 
 peared willing to hazard the expense of giving to the world a 
 thousand pages quarto. This is one of those cases in which lite 
 rature is not its own reward ; and had Chalmers lived in any land 
 under the sun save this, his Caledonia would have been published 
 by the government, and the learned author pensioned." ALLAN 
 CUNNINGHAM : Lit. of the Last Fifty Tears. 
 
 " It is impossible' to speak too highly of the excellencies of this 
 elaborate work more elaborate, indeed, and copious, more abound 
 ing with original information, than any work in British History 
 or Antiquities which ever came from one author. It will rank 
 with the immortal BRITANNIA of CAMDEN, which it for surpasses in 
 industry of research and accumulation of matter." Lon. Quar 
 terly Review. 
 
 _ " This gentleman is the Atlas of Scotch Antiquaries and Histo 
 rians ; bearing on his own shoulders whatever has been collected, 
 and with pam separately endured by his predecessors; whom 
 neither difficulties tire, nor dangers daunt." Dibdin's Library 
 Companion. 
 
 Will it be thought impertinent in an American to urge 
 one of the Literary Clubs, which do such credit to Great 
 Britain, to worthily distinguish itself by publishing the 
 remaining MSS. of this great work? 
 
 Chalmers, James, D.D. Serinon, 1714, 4to 
 
 Chalmers, Lionel, M.D., 1715F-1777, a native of 
 Scotland, emigrated to South Carolina, where he practised 
 medicine for more than 40 years. Essay on Fevers, Lon. 
 1768, Svo. The Weather and Diseases of S. Carolina Lon 
 1776, 2 vols. 8vo. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq. 
 
 Chalmers, Robert. Sermons, Edin., 1798. 
 
 Chalmers, Thomas, D.D., LL.D., and member of 
 the Royal Institute of France, 1780-1847, the most eini- j 
 nent Scottish divine of his day, was a native of Anstru- 
 362 
 
 ther, Fifeshire. He entered the University of St. An 
 drew's in 1791. Selecting the ministry as his profession, 
 he was ordained in the Church of Scotland, and officiated 
 as assistant minister in the parish of Cavers, from whence 
 he removed to Kilinany, in Fifeshire, and in 1814 to the 
 Tron Church of Glasgow, where he speedily became cele 
 brated as the most eloquent preacher of his day. The ar 
 ticle Christianity, contributed to Sir David Brewster's 
 Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, and since pub. in book form, 
 added to the evidences of the writer's eminent abilities. 
 In 1817 he pub. his Discourses on Astronomy; in 1818 his 
 Commercial Discourses; in 1819 and 1820 appeared the 
 Occasional Discourses, and in 1821 (1821-26, 3 vols. 8vo) 
 he gave to the world The Civic and Christian Economy of 
 Large Towns. Mr. McCulloch thus notices this work : 
 
 " Dr. Chalmers is a zealous, or rather a fanatical, opponent of 
 poor-laws. His projects for providing for the support of the poor, 
 without resorting to a compulsory provision, which he regards as 
 one of the greatest possible evils, are developed in this work. But 
 while we admit the goodness of his intentions, nothing, as it ap 
 pears to us, can be more futile and visionary than his schemes ; 
 more inconsistent with principle, experience, and common sense." 
 Lit. of Polit. Economy. 
 
 In 1824 he was appointed to the Professorship of Moral 
 Philosophy in the University of St. Andrew's. Whilst 
 thus settled he pub. his works on Endowments, his Bridge- 
 water Treatise, the Lectures on the Romans, and his Poli 
 tical Economy in connexion with the Moral State and 
 Moral Prospects of Society, (Glasgow, 1832, Svo.) This 
 work also incurs the censure of the celebrated critic whom 
 we have just quoted : 
 
 " The principles which pervade the work are mostly borrowed 
 from the Economists and Mr. Malthus; and are frequently either 
 wholly unsound, or carried to such an extreme as to become inap 
 plicable and absurd. It, however, contains some ingenious dis 
 quisitions. It was reviewed in the Edinburgh Review, (vol. Ivi. 
 pp. 52-72.) Dr. Chalmers replied to the reviewers in a pamphlet, 
 in which he ineffectually endeavoured to vindicate his doctrines 
 from the objections urged against them." 31cCuUoch's Lit. of Pol. 
 Economy. 
 
 In 1828 he was removed to the Chair of Theology in the 
 University of Edinburgh, " the highest academical dis 
 tinction which could be bestowed." 
 
 Dr. Chalmers was the principal leader of the seceding 
 party in the difficulties which resulted in the disruption 
 of the Church of Scotland in 1843. Resigning his pro 
 fessor's chair in the University of Edinburgh, he was 
 elected principal and primarius Professor of Theology to 
 the seceding body. The degree of LL.D. conferred by the 
 University of Oxford, and election as a corresponding 
 member of the Royal Institute of France "honours 
 never before accorded to a Presbyterian divine, and seldom 
 to a Scotsman" are striking evidences of the esteem in 
 which this eminent man was held by the most learned 
 judges of literary merit. On the evening of Sunday, 
 May 30, 1847, Dr. Chalmers retired to rest "apparently in 
 perfect health, and died calmly during the night, the bed 
 clothes being found undisturbed about his person." He 
 left a widow and six children one married to the Rev. 
 Dr. Hanna of Stirling, an author and editor of the North 
 British Review, who has since pub. Dr. C.'s posthumous 
 works, and Memoirs of his Life and Writings. See Lon. 
 Gent. Mag., July, 1847, to which we are indebted for many 
 of the above facts. The writings of Dr. C. were pub. by 
 Messrs. Thomas Constable & Co., Edinburgh, in the fol 
 lowing order : 
 
 Works; 25 vols. 12mo. 
 Vols. 1, 2. Natural Theology. 
 
 3, 4. Christian Evidences. 
 
 " 5. Moral Philosophy. 
 
 6. Commercial Discourses. 
 
 7. Astronomical Discourses. 
 8, 9, 10. Congregational Sermons. 
 
 " 11. Sermons on Public Occasions. 
 
 12. Tracts and Essays. 
 
 " 13. Introductory Essays to Select Authors. 
 
 " 14, 15, 16. Polity of Nations. 
 
 " 17. Church Establishments. 
 
 " 18. Church Extension. 
 
 " 19, 20. Political Economy. 
 
 21. Parochial System. 
 
 " 22, 23, 24, 25. Lectures on the Romans. 
 Posthumous Works ; edited by the Rev. Dr. Hanna, 9 vols. 
 8vo., 1847-49. 
 
 Daily Scripture Readings, 3 vols. 
 
 Sabbath Scripture Readings, 2 vols. 
 
 Sermons Illustrative of Different Stages in His Minis 
 try, 1 vol. 
 
 " This volume of the Posthumous Works of the great Scottish 
 divine has a distinct utility of its own. These discourses extend 
 
CHA 
 
 over a period of nearly fifty years; they mark the ripening of a 
 mind originally fertile, and the perfecting of an eloquence forcible 
 from its earliest effort; but they are still more interesting to the 
 minister and the religious inquirer, as showing not an education 
 hut a regeneration of the spiritual nature; not a completion, but 
 a reformation, of belief on the great evangelical articles of our 
 faith." Wutchman. 
 
 Institutes of Theology, 2 vols. 
 
 " In 1841 Dr. Chalmers commenced rewriting and remoulding 
 his Theological Lectures into the form of a complete and compre 
 hensive Treatise on Systematic Divinity. To this work all his 
 leisure time was given. None of his published writings received 
 larger, if so large, a measure of the author's care and thought in 
 their preparation. He looked forward to it himself, when com 
 pleted, as his largest and most matured contribution to the science 
 of theology ; and he has left it nearly in the state in which he de 
 signed to present it to public notice." 
 
 " A work worthy of the veteran theologian and preacher whose 
 masculine yet child-like mind lives in its pages. For the spirit it 
 breathes, still more than for the views of truth it exhibits, we de 
 sire that it may be widely studied among our young preachers and 
 theological students." Patriot. 
 
 Prelections on Butler's Analogy, <fec., 1 vol. 
 " Never did Calvinism appear to greater advantage than in these 
 Prelections. We refer not so much to the victorious argument 
 that is wielded in its defence, as to the life our professor breathes 
 into it, and the life that he draws from it. How often is the Ed- 
 wardean Calvinism of the North defended as a system scientific 
 ally correct, and the argument left there ! But the volume before 
 us may convince any one that, rightly interpreted, and savingly 
 experienced understood in all its parts, and seen in all its rela 
 tions, it is not more a system of orthodoxy than a source of god 
 liness." Journal of Prophecy. 
 
 " To commend these works is superfluous; they have met with 
 universal approbation from the British press and public. That 
 the periodical press, representing so great a variety.of religious 
 and political opinions, should have so generally noticed them, and 
 that too with high commendation, is a circumstance exceedingly 
 rare, if not unparalleled. They have charms for the merely lite 
 rary man, and they will obtain a hearing for evangelical truth, 
 in quarters from which it would otherwise be excluded." Kitto's 
 Journal : Notice of the Posthumous Works. 
 
 In addition to the above, the reader must procure Me 
 moirs of the Life and Writings of Dr. Chalmers. By his son- 
 in-law, the Rev. Wm. Hanna, LL.D., 4 vols. 8vo, 1849-52. 
 " Dr. Hanna is to be congratulated on the manner in which he 
 has fulfilled the important task on which he has now for several 
 years been engaged. Dr. Chalmers is a man whose life and cha 
 racter may well engage many writers ; but no one possessed such 
 materials as Dr. Hanna for writing a biography so full and de 
 tailed as was in this case demanded. The four volumes which he 
 has laid before the public are not only an ample discharge of his 
 special obligations as regards his splendid subject, but also a much- 
 needed example of the manner in which biographies of this kind, 
 combining original narrative with extracts from writings and cor 
 respondence, ought to be written." Lon. Athenaium. 
 
 " We find that throughout this article, we have been serving 
 Dr. Hanna very much as he has served himself in the course of 
 his labours, in compiling these Memoirs. He, occupied with his 
 great subject, has kept himself out of view : and we, warmed at 
 the same fire, have been almost as forgetful as he himself. But 
 he will have his revenge of us. All the world has read, or will 
 presently be reading, what he has written; and thousands of 
 readers will be grateful to him for what he has done, so well, for 
 their edification and pleasure; or even if they forget to render 
 this deserved tribute, it will be because with them as with us, a 
 Memoir of Chalmers, if worthily compiled, must, in the nature of 
 the case, quite fill the reader's thoughts and heart, criticism for 
 gotten." ISAAC TAYLOR, in the North British Review. 
 
 " We lose no time in recommending our readers to procure this 
 book, which abounds with choice extracts from the earlier corre 
 spondence of the true-hearted Dr. Chalmers ; throwing much light 
 on the progress and development of an intellect destined to exer 
 cise an influence so important on the Church of his own day, and 
 to transmit to posterity a legacy so precious." Eclectic Review. 
 
 It were easy to adduce many more testimonies to the 
 value of the labours of Dr. Chalmers as a Christian teacher 
 and a zealous and enlightened philanthropist: but this 
 article is already long, and three or four more quotations 
 must conclude it : 
 
 " To activity and enterprise he has read a new lesson. To dis 
 interested but far-seeing goodness he has supplied a new motive 
 To philanthropy he has given new impulse, and to the pulpit new 
 inspiration. And whilst he has added another to the short cata 
 logue of this world's great men, he has gone up, another and a 
 majestic on-looker, to the cloud of witnesses." North British 
 Review. 
 
 " We meet Dr. Chalmers as we should the war-horse in Job, with 
 feelings which almost unfit us for marking his port, or measuring 
 his paces: 'his neck is clothed with thunder; the glory of his 
 nostrils is terrible ; he paweth in the valley, and rejoiceth in his 
 strength.' Such a champion in the arena of spiritual warfare 
 ought to be hailed with acclamations, and heralded by every loya 
 trumpet on the walls of Zion." Congregational Magazine. 
 
 " Known and prized throughout Europe and America, the works 
 of Dr. Chalmers have taken that elevated place in our permaneni 
 national literature which must always command for them the 
 Btudy and admiration of every person." 
 
 " As specimens of sacred eloquence, sound philosophy, and as 
 impressive exhibitions of evangelical truth and duty, his works 
 will doubtless be read as long as the English language is under 
 stood." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 CHA 
 
 Chalmers, William, M.D., d. 1792. Con. to Med. 
 Com., 1773. 
 
 Chaloner, Edward, D.D., 1590-1625, educated at 
 yiagdalen Hall, Oxford, became chaplain to James L, and 
 Principal of Alban Hall. Six Sermons, Lon., 1623, 8vo. 
 Sermon, 1624, 4to. Six Sermons, Oxf., 1629, 4to. 
 
 " Able for the pulpit, and well read in polemical divinity, as 
 some of his lucubrations shew. There was nothing of his compo 
 sition so mean, which the greatest person did not value." Athen. 
 Oxon. 
 
 Chaloner, James, d. 1661, brother of the preceding, 
 was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford. Description 
 of the Isle of Man, printed at the end of King's Vale Royal 
 of Cheshire, Lon., 1656, fpl. 
 
 Chaloner, Thomas, brother of the preceding, was 
 educated at Exeter College, Oxford. Political Treatises 
 relative to Charles I., Lon., 1646. A true and exact Re 
 lation of the strange finding out of Moses his Tomb, in a 
 Valley near unto Mount Nebo in Palestina, &c., Lon., 
 1657, 8vo. 
 
 "This book at its first appearance, made a great noise, and 
 pusled the Presbyterian rabbies for a time : at length the author 
 thereof being known, and his story found to be a meer sham, the 
 book became ridiculous." Athcn. Oxon. 
 
 Chaloner, Sir Thomas, 1559-1615, father of the 
 three preceding, was educated at Magdalen College, Ox 
 ford. He was a great favourite with King James, both 
 before and after Queen Elizabeth's death, and was in 
 trusted with the education of Prince Henry. A Short 
 Discourse of the most rare and excellent virtue of Nitre, 
 Lon., 1584, 4to. 
 
 " In this he discovers very considerable knowledge of chemistry 
 and mineralogy." 
 
 Chaloner, Sir Thomas, 1515P-1565, educated at 
 Cambridge, father of the preceding, was sent by Queen 
 Elizabeth as ambassador first to Germany, and subse 
 quently to Spain. He was distinguished as a soldier, a 
 statesman, and an author. The Office of Servants, from 
 the Latin of Cognatus, Lon., 1543, 8vo. Trans, from St. 
 Chrysostom, 1544, 8vo. Trans, of Moriaj Encomium, 1549. 
 In Laudem Henrici Octavi, &c., 1560, 4to. De Republica 
 Anglorum, &c. ; libri decem ; t. e. of the Reforming or 
 Restoring [right ordering] of the English Republic, 1579, 
 4to : written during his leisure hours during his Embassy 
 to Spain: 
 
 " At a time when he spent the winter in a stove, and the sum 
 mer in a barn." Preface to the work. 
 
 " Written in learned and elegant Latin verse." WOOD. 
 
 De Illustrium quorundum encomiis Miscellanea, cum 
 Epigrammatibus ac Epitaphiis nonnullis ; printed with the 
 above. A Little Dictionary for Children. 
 
 "The most lively imagination, the most solid judgment, the 
 quickest parts, and the most unblemished probity, which are 
 commonly the lot of different men, and when so dispersed fre 
 quently create great characters, were, which very rarely happens, 
 all united in Sir Thomas Chaloner; justly therefore reputed one 
 of the greatest men of his tune." Biog. Brit. ; quoted from Sir 
 William Cecil's Eulogium. 
 
 Chamber, John, d. 1549. A Treatise against Ju 
 dicial Astrologie, Lon., 1601, 4to. 
 
 " Roughly handled by Sir Christ. Heyden in his Defence of Ju 
 dicial Astrology, [Camb., 1603, 4to."] 
 
 Astronomige Encomium, Latin and English, 1601, 4to. 
 
 Chamberlain, David. Counterfeit Money, and 
 Trade, Ac., 1696, 4to. 
 
 Chamberlain, Chamberlen, Chamberlayne, 
 Hugh, M.D., 1664-1728, known as the inventor of an 
 obstetric forceps, afterwards improved by Smellie and 
 others, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. His 
 extensive practice enabled him to amass a large fortune. 
 Midwife's Practice, Lon., 1665, 8vo. Practice of Physick, 
 1664, 12mo. Trans, of Mauricenus's Midwifery, 1683. 
 Manuale Modicum, 1685, 12mo. Queries relative to the 
 Practice of Physick, 1694, 12mo. 
 
 Chamberlain, John. Blow at Infidelity, 1801, 8vo. 
 
 Chamberlain, John. New Testament Church, 
 Lon., 18mo. 
 
 " A vast deal of useful matter in a small compass." Baptist 
 Mag., 1820. 
 
 Chamberlain, or Chamberlin, Mason. Poems. 
 1800-01, 8vo. 
 Chamberlain, or Chamberlayne, Robert, b. 
 
 1607. Nocturnall Lucubrations ; Epigrams and Epitaphs, 
 Lon., 1638, 16mo. Swaggering Damsel, a Comedy, 1640, 
 4 to. A Pastoral. 
 
 Chamberlain, Robert. Arithmetical Works, 1679. 
 
 Chamberlain, Thomas, D.D. Serm., 1730, 8vo. 
 
 Chamberlain, Thomas. A Help to Knowledge, 
 Lon., 1839, 12mo. The Theory of Christian Worship, 8vo. 
 
 " A volume of by no means ordinary sermons." Guardian. 
 
 Selected Letters, 12mo. Windsor, a Poem, 12mo. 
 
 363 
 
CHA 
 
 Chamberlaine, or Chamberlayne, Edward, 
 
 1616-1703, a native of Gloucestershire, was educated at 
 Oxford. The Present War paralleled, 1647 ; 1660, with 
 title slightly altered. England's Wants, 1667. Anglise 
 Notitia, or the Present State of England, <fec., 1668, 8vo; 
 many edits. ; the first 20 of which were pub. by Edward 
 Chainberlaine, and the rest by his son. Several Theolog. 
 and Political Works. 
 
 Chamberlaine, or Chamberlain, Henry. His 
 tory and Survey of London and Westminster, Lon., 1769, 
 '70, fol. 
 
 " An inaccurate publication." LOWNDES. 
 
 Chamberlaine, Jas. Sacred Poem, Lon., 1680, 8vo. 
 
 Chamberlaine, or Chamberlayne, John, d. 1723, 
 son of EDWARD CHAMBERLAINE, (q.v.,) was educated at Trin. 
 College, Oxford, and distinguished as a linguist. He con 
 tinued his father's Angliae Notitia, and pub. some trans 
 lations and other works, of which we notice, A Treasure of 
 Health, from the Italian, Lon., 1686, 8vo. The Religious 
 Philosopher, from the Dutch of Nieuwentyt, 1718, 3 vols. 
 8vo; and Dissertations, 1723, fol. Of the Notitia, which 
 saw 30 to 40 edits., Mr. McCulloch remarks, referring to 
 the want of good statistical works at that period, 
 
 " Its statistical information is meagre in the extreme; but, . . . 
 till the present century, there were none better by which to super 
 sede it." Lit. of Polit. Economy. 
 
 Chamberlaine, John. Imitations of Original Draw 
 ings, by Hans Holbein, with Biographical Tracts by Ed 
 mund Lodge, 14 numbers pub. at 37 16s., Lon., 1792- 
 1800, 2 vols., atlas fol. 
 
 " The biographical tracts are derived from no common sources, 
 and exhibit the recondite research and happiness of display for 
 which Mr. Lodge is so remarkable." LOWXDES. 
 
 Other publications of Engravings, 1797, fol. 
 
 Chamberlaine, Joseph. Almanac, Lon.,1631,12mo. 
 
 Chamberlaine, Nath. Tractatus de Literis et 
 Lingua Philosophica, Dubl., 1679, 4to. 
 
 Chamberlaine,Richard.CompleteJustice,1681,8vo. 
 
 Chamberlaine, Richard. Lithobolica: Stone- 
 throwing Devil, Lon., 1698, 4to. 
 
 Chamberlaine, William, Surgeon. Professional 
 Essays, Lon., 1784-1813. Con. to Mem. Med., 1789-99. 
 
 Chamberlayne, Barth. Sermons, 1613. 
 
 Chamberlayne, Israel, D. D., b. 1795, N. Y. The 
 Past and the Future. Australian Captive, &c. Contributed 
 extensively to various Religious and Temperance Journals. 
 
 Chamberlayne, Capt. S. E. Court Martial on, 
 1809. 
 
 Chamberlayne, or Chamberlain, or Chamber- 
 lane, William, 1619-1689, a native of Dorsetshire, was 
 a soldier, physician, and poet. Love's Victory ; a Tragi- 
 Comedy, Lon., 1658, 4to. A portion of this appeared on 
 the Stage in 1678, under the title of Wits Led by the Nose, 
 or a Poet's Revenge. Pharronida j a Heroick Poem, 
 1659, 8vo. 
 
 " This Poem, though it hath nothing extraordinary to recom 
 mend it, yet appeared abroad in Prose, 1683, under the Title of a 
 Novel called Eromena, or The Noble Stranger." Langbaint 's 
 Dram. Poets. 
 
 " Never, perhaps, was so much beautiful design in poetry marred 
 by infelicity of execution : his ruggedness of versification, abrupt 
 transitions, and a style that is at once slovenly and quaint, per 
 petually interrupt us in enjoying the splendid figures and spirited 
 passions of this romantic tablet, and makes us catch them only by 
 glimpses." CAM PBELL. 
 
 Mr. Campbell exhumed this poet for a season, but he 
 seems to be again " quietly inurned." 
 
 " A poet who has told an interesting story in uncouth rhymes, 
 and mingles sublimity of thought and beauty of expression with 
 the quaintest conceits and most awkward inversions." SOUTHEY : 
 note to Joan of Arc; and see Cens. Lit.; and Retrosp. Rev. 
 
 Chamberlen, Hugh, M.Di Papers relating to a 
 Bank of Credit upon Land Security, 1693, 4to. The Con 
 stitution of the Office of Land Credit declared in a Deed 
 by H. C. and others, Lon., 1698, 12mo. See McCulloch's 
 Lit of Polit. Economy, p. 160. A Few Proposals relative to 
 Land Credit, Edin., 1700, 4to. Petition and Proposals, fol. 
 Chamberlen, Paul, M.D. A Philosophical Essay 
 on the celebrated Anodyne Necklace, Lon., 1717 4to 
 
 Chamberlen, Paul. History of the Reign of Queen 
 Anne, Lon., 1738. Hist, and Antiq. of the Ancient Egyp 
 tians, Babylonians, Romans, Assyrians, Medes, Persians, 
 Grecians, and Carthagenians, 1738, fol. 
 
 Chamberlen, often spelt CHAMBERLAIN, CHAMBER 
 LAINE, CHAMBERLANE, and CHAMBERLAYNE; all of which 
 refer to. 
 
 Chamberlon, Peter, M.D. Theolog. and political 
 works, 1648-62, Ac. 
 
 Chambers, C. H. Legal Treatises, Lon., 1819, '23. 
 See CHAMBERS, Sia ROBERT. 
 364 
 
 CHA 
 
 Chambers, Charles. Account of the Earthquake at 
 Madeira, Phil. Trans., 1755. 
 Chambers, Chambre, or Chalmers, David, a 
 
 Scottish historian, judge, and lawyer, 1530-1592, was a 
 native of Ross, and educated in the University of Aberdeen, 
 and at Bologna. He travelled on the Continent for some 
 time, and returning home in 1556, took holy orders, and 
 was presented to the parish of Suddie, of which he was 
 made Chancellor. He was an adherent of Queen Mary, 
 who in 1564 created him a Lord of Session by the title of 
 Lord Ormond. He left home when no longer able to serve 
 the failing cause of his queen, and died at Paris. He as 
 sisted in the compilation of the Scottish Act of Parliament, 
 (Black Acts, 1566,) and was employed in digesting the 
 Laws of Scotland. Histoire Abregee de tons les Roys de 
 France, Angleterre, et Ecosse, &c., Paris, 1579, 8vo. 
 
 " The affairs of his own country are his chief subject, and what 
 he had principally in view : and he pretends to give the marrow 
 of whatever had been offered to the world by Veremund, the Black 
 Book of Scone, the old Chronicles of Icolnkil, &c. Whereas, in 
 truth. Boethius is his main author; and the rest are only orna 
 ments of his preface." BISHOP NICOLSON : Scottish Hist. Library. 
 
 La recherche des Singularites plus Remarkables concern- 
 ant le Estat d'Ecosse. Discours de la legitime Succession 
 des Femmes aux Possession de leur Parens, et du Gouvern- 
 ment des Princesses aux Empires et Royaumes. All pub. 
 at Paris, 1579, 8vo. Inter scriptores, 16 a Jebb, Lon., 1705, 
 torn. i. p. 1. 
 
 He tells us that the work upon the Succession of Women 
 to the Inheritance of their Parents was written in defence 
 of his Royal Mistress, Queen Mary. Dempster commends 
 him highly : 
 
 " Sive Camerarius Abredonensis, in Galliae celebri admodum no 
 mine vixit; vir multa et vari.-ie lectionis, nee inainoeini ingenii." 
 Vide Mackenzie's Writers of t/ie Scots Nation; and Vitus in his Hist. 
 Brit. 
 
 " It appears from his "Works that he was a Man of great Reading, 
 a good Divine, an eminent Lawyer, a. judicious Historian, a loyal 
 Subject, and well seen in theGreek, Latin, English, French. Italian, 
 and Spanish Languages; but especially, it is much to be admired, 
 that he attained to such Perfection in" the French Language, that 
 he made Choice of it to write all his Works in." MACKENZIE, vbi 
 supra. 
 
 Chambers, Ephraim, d. 1740, author of the well- 
 known scientific Dictionary which bears his name, was a 
 native of Kendal, Westmoreland. He was placed with Mr. 
 Senex, a globe-maker, as apprentice, and was encouraged 
 by his master in his taste for scientific investigation. After 
 quitting Mr. Senex, he took chambers at Gray's Inn, (his 
 principal residence for the rest of his life,) and assiduously 
 devoted himself to the preparation of his Dictionary, the 
 first edition of which appeared in 1728, 2 vols. fol., pub. by 
 a subscription of four guineas, with a large list of subscri 
 bers. The value of Mr. Chambers's labours was handsomely 
 acknowledged, Nov. 6, 1729, by his being elected F.R.S. 
 A second edition, with corrections and additions, was pub. 
 in 1738. Mr. C. had projected a new work, rather than a 
 new edition, and more than twenty sheets on this plan were 
 printed, with the design of publishing a volume yearly until 
 the completion of the whole. But this plan was abandoned 
 in consequence of an Act then agitated in Parliament, 
 which contained a clause obliging the publishers of all im 
 proved editions of books to print their improvements sepa 
 rately. This Bill passed the Commons, but was negatived 
 in the House of Lords. In 1739 a third edition was called 
 for, a fourth in 1741, and a fifth in 1746. After the edition 
 of 1746 the work was greatly enlarged ; first by Mr. Scott 
 and Dr. Hill, afterwards by Dr. Rees, Lon., 1781-86, 4 vols. 
 fol., 11, or 418 numbers at 6d. each. In this edition the 
 Supplement, which was pub. Lon., 1755, 2 vols. fol., and 
 modern improvements, were incorporated in one alphabet 
 Dr. Rees's New Cyclopedic, 1803-19, 85 parts, 45 vols. 4to, 
 is an invaluable treasury of scientific knowledge. 
 
 Mr. Chambers was also concerned in the Literary Maga 
 zine, begun in 1735, and in a trans, and abridgment of The 
 Philosophical History and Memoirs of the Royal Academy 
 of Sciences at Paris, <fcc., 1742, 5 vols. 8vo. The following 
 remarks in connexion with Mr. Chambers's great work are 
 not without interest: 
 
 " While the second edition of Chambers's Cyclopaedia, the pride 
 of Booksellers, and the honour of the English Nation, was in the 
 press, I went to the author, and begged leave to add a single sylla 
 ble to his magnificent work : and that for Cyclopaedia, he would 
 write .Encyclopaedia. To talk to the writer of a Dictionary, is like 
 talking to the writer of a Magazine ; every thing adds to his parcel, 
 [we quote this feelingly!] and, instead of contributing one sylla 
 ble, I was the occasion of a considerable paragraph. I told him 
 that the addition of the preposition en made the meaning of the 
 word more precise; that Cyclopaedia might denote the instruction 
 of a circle, as Cyropaedia is the instruction of Cyrus, the ou in com 
 position, being twined in o; but that, if he wrote Encyclopaedia, 
 it determined it to be from the dative of Cyclus, instruction in a 
 
CHA 
 
 circle. I urged, secondly, that Vossius had observed in his hook 
 df, Vitiis Sennanis, that ' Cyclopedia was used hy some authors, but 
 Encvclopo-dia by the best.' This deserved some regard, and he 
 paid to it the best he could : he made an article of his title to jus 
 tify it." W. BOWYER: Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, v. 660. 
 
 Bowyer at one time entertained the idea so happily car 
 ried out subsequently by Dr. Rees of an enlargement and 
 improvement of the Cyclopaedia we beg his pardon .En 
 cyclopaedia. Mr. Clarke thus refers to it : 
 
 " Your project of improving and correcting Chambers is a very 
 good one; but, alas! who can execute it? You should have as 
 many undertakers as professions ; nay, perhaps, as many Antiqua 
 ries as there are different branches of antient learning." Nichols's 
 Lit. Anec. : ubi supra. 
 
 Chambers, Geo. Treat, against Judicial Astrology. 
 
 Chambers, Humphrey. Serins., Ac., Lon., 1643-55. 
 
 Chambers, J. Harmony of the Gospels, 1813, Syo. 
 
 Chambers, J. D. Legal compilations and Treatises, 
 Lon., 1832-42. 
 
 Chambers, John. History of Malvern, Worcest., 
 
 1818, 8vo. Biographical Illustrations of Worcestershire, 
 
 1819, Svo. 
 
 Chambers, Mariana. He Deceives Himself; a Do 
 mestic Tale, 1799, 3 vols. 12mo. The School for Friends; 
 Com., 1804, Svo. Ourselves; Com., 1811, Svo. 
 
 Chambers, Peter. They must needs go that the 
 Devil drives; or, a Whip for Traitors, Lon., 1652, 4to. 
 
 Chambers, Richard. Petition to Parliament, Lon., 
 1646, fol. 
 
 Chambers, Richard. Introduction to Arithmetic, 
 1809, Svo. 
 
 Chambers, Robert, first confessor to the English 
 Benedictine Nuns at Brussels. Miracles lately wrought by 
 the Intercession of the Virgin Mary at Mont-aigu, Antw., 
 1606, Svo; a trans, from the French. Serms.,Lon.,1620,4to. 
 
 Chambers, Robert. See WILLIAM and ROBERT 
 CHAMBERS. 
 
 Chambers, Sir Robert, 1737-1803, Chief Justice of 
 the Supreme Court of Judicature in Bengal, a native of 
 Newcastle-on-Tyne, was educated at the University of Ox 
 ford, and became a Fellow of University College. In 1762 
 he succeeded Sir William Blackstone as Vinerian Professor 
 of the Laws of England, and filled the duties of this re 
 sponsible position until 1774, when he sailed for India, 
 where he remained for twenty-five years, returning to Eng 
 land in 1799. A selection from his lectures delivered at 
 Oxford was pub. in 1824, Svo, (edited by C. H. Chambers,) 
 entitled A Treatise on Estates and Tenures. 
 
 Chambers, Sabin. The Garden of the Virgin Mary, 
 St. Om., 1519, Svo. 
 
 Chambers, T. and G. Tattersall. Laws relative 
 to Buildings, &c., with a Glossary, Lon., 1845, 12mo. Me 
 tropolitan Building Act, 7 and 8 Viet., c. 84, 1845, 12mo. 
 Mr. C. -and A. T. T. Peterson have pub. a Treatise on the 
 Law of Railway Companies, 1848, Svo. 
 
 Chambers, William, D.D. Scoticanae Ecclesise In- 
 fantia virilis uEtas Senectus, Paris, 1643, 4to. 
 
 Chambers, William and Robert, born at Peebles, 
 Scotland, the first about 1800, the second about 1802, are not 
 only distinguished as eminent public benefactors by their 
 wide-spread distribution of valuable knowledge, but also 
 occupy a highly respectable position in the ranks of authors. 
 Mr. Robert Chambers's first work, The Traditions of Edin 
 burgh, was pub. in 1824, and met with immediate and de 
 served success. In 1826 he pub. The Popular Rhymes of 
 Scotland; in the following year his Picture of Scotland; 
 and shortly afterwards three volumes of histories of the 
 Scottish Rebellions, two of a Life of James I., and three 
 volumes of Scottish Ballads and Songs. His Biographical 
 Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen, in 4 volumes, was com 
 menced in 1832 and concluded in 1835. This work elicited 
 warm commendation, and added to the reputation of the 
 intelligent author. (Revised ed., 1855, 5 vols. Svo. The 
 5th vol. is by the Rev. Thomas Thomson.) 
 
 "There is not a page in the volume that can be pronounced un 
 worthy of the undertaking ; which will form a STANDARD WORK in 
 the LITERATURE OF SCOTLAND, and a book of reference in every li 
 brary throughout the British dominions." New Monthly Mag. 
 
 " No Scotsman who has any reverence for the great names that 
 have done honour to Scotland, should be without this work, if he 
 can at all afford to purchase it." Glasgow Free Press. 
 
 "It is a standard work, and honourable to every library in 
 which it may find a place." Metropolitan Mag. 
 
 " The biographical sketches are executed in the author's happiesl 
 manner, characterized by that unfailing tone of kindness and 
 good-humour which is the finest trait both in his character and 
 writings. . . . His materials are, we know, abundant ; consisting 
 not only of collections which h had for years been silently mak 
 ing, but also of those which his publishers, unaware of his inten 
 tions, had accumulated for a similar work." Edinburgh Literary 
 Journal. 
 
 CHA 
 
 In 1830 Mr. William Chambers gave to the world The 
 Book of Scotland, a general description of the customs, 
 laws, and institutions of that part of the United Kingdom. 
 In 1833 the brothers published a work, the result of their 
 joint labours A Gazetteer of Scotland. In 1832 William 
 projected the Edinburgh (Weekly) Journal, which imme 
 diately obtained a circulation of 50,000, and by 1844, 
 when the folio was exchanged for the octavo form, 90,000 
 copies were required to supply the demand. Complete 
 sets of this valuable periodical sometimes occur for sale, 
 and should be procured for the library as a valuable repo 
 sitory of instructive and entertaining literature. The 
 success of this Journal induced the brothers to enter into 
 partnership. The results of this union are seen in The 
 People's edition of Standard English Authors, the Educa 
 tional Course, Chambers's Miscellany, Tracts, Papers for 
 the People, Ac. (See Men of the Time, Lon., 1853, to 
 which we are indebted for many of the above facts.) The 
 Select Writings of Robert Chambers have been pub. in 7 
 vols., the first four of which contain his Essays. In 
 1844 Mr. Robert Chambers pub. a work which claims a 
 far higher rank than any preceding compilation of the 
 same character. This was A Cyclopaedia of English Lite 
 rature; A Critical and Biographical History of English 
 Writers in all departments of Literature, illustrated by 
 Specimens of their Writings, 2 vols. r. imp. 8vo. It is 
 difficult to speak too highly of the merits of this compre 
 hensive and judicious work. No less than 832 authors 
 are noticed, and the specimens presented of some of the 
 choicest treasures of English lore enable the reader to im 
 prove his literary taste while he augments his biographical 
 knowledge. Researches of a similar character may per 
 haps entitle us to give an opinion in the premises, and we 
 add our testimony to the value of this excellent work, and 
 commend it to the attention of every one who desires an 
 introduction to the English classics. It is well worth four 
 times the trifle which will place it in the reader's posses 
 sion. In a few years after its appearance, 130,000 copies 
 were sold in England ; and there has been a large sale of 
 the American reprint. New ed., with additions, 1858. 
 
 " From what I know of the literary reputation and writings of 
 Mr. Robert Chambers, I should be disappointed if he were not 
 qualified for the task. . . . The work will put the reader in the 
 proper point of view for surveying the whole ground over which 
 he is travelling." WILIJAM II. PRESCOTT. 
 
 Information for the People, 2 vols. r. imp. Svo. Also 
 Amer. ed. Nearly 200,000 copies of this work have been 
 sold in Europe and America. Life and Works of Burns. 
 Domestic Annals of Scotland, 1858, 2 vols. demy Svo. 
 William Chambers is the author of A Tour in Holland in 
 1838; Things as They Are in America; Peebles and its 
 Neighbourhood ; Improved Dwelling-Houses for the Hum 
 bler and Other Classes in Cities; American Slavery, &o. 
 
 We beg to add upon our own account, that no father of 
 a family, or director of a Library Company, should be 
 satisfied until the whole of the Messrs. Chambers's publi- 
 ations are procured. We commend to the attention of 
 the reader an excellent article in the Dublin University 
 Magazine, entitled WILLIAM AND ROBERT CHAMBERS, in 
 which the interesting history of the brothers is sketched 
 with a graphic pencil. They are well described as 
 
 " Both of them men of remarkable native power, both of them 
 trained to habits of business and punctuality, both of them up 
 held in all their dealings by strict prudence and conscientiousness, 
 and both of them practised, according to their different aims and 
 tendencies, in literary labour." 
 
 " Much of Robert Chambers's leisure time has been devoted to 
 scientific pursuits, and especially to geology, the result of which 
 has been given to the public in a handsomely-illustrated volume, 
 entitled Ancient Sea-Margins as illustrative of Changes of the 
 Relative Level of Sea and Land." 
 
 It was a noble resolve announced by William Chambers 
 in the opening address of the Edinburgh Journal: 
 
 ' ; I see the straight path of moral responsibility before me, and 
 shall, by the blessing of God, adhere to the line of rectitude and 
 duty." 
 
 Chambers, Sir William, 1726-1796, an eminent 
 architect, of Scottish parentage of the family of CHAL 
 MERS, of Scotland, Barons of Tartas in France was 
 born at Stockholm, but sent to England when two years 
 of age. He pub. two volumes of Designs, <fcc., 1757, '63, 
 fol.; a Dissertation on Oriental Gardening, 1774, 4to; and 
 a Treatise on Civil Architecture, 1759, fol.; 4th edit., 
 edited by Joseph Gwilt, 1825, 2 vols. imp. Svo. Mr. Pap- 
 worth also has edited this work. 
 
 " The most sensible book, and the most exempt from prejudices, 
 that ever was written upon that science." HORACE WALPOLE. 
 
 The Heroic Epistle to Sir William Chambers, attributed 
 to Mason, excited much attention at the time of its publi 
 cation. 
 
CHA 
 
 CIIA 
 
 Chambre, Richard. Sermons, 1710, '11. 
 
 Chambre, Rowland. Sermon, 1759, 4to. 
 
 Chambre, Willelmus de. Historia de Episcopis 
 Dunelmensis, ab anno 1333 ad annum 1559, cum notis 
 Hen. Wharton. Vide Wharton's Anglia Sacra, (i. 689,) 
 Lon., 1691, 2 vols. fol. 
 
 Chambres, Charles. Sermons, 1715, '22, '29, '33. 
 
 Chamier, Frederick, Captain, R.N., b. at London 
 in 1796, has written a number of very popular works, 
 which have been complimented by a translation into Ger 
 man. The Life of a Sailor, 1834. Ben Brace, 1835. The 
 Arethusa, 1836. Jack Adams, 1838. Tom Bowline, 1839. 
 
 " One of the most characteristic, spirited, and entertaining illus 
 trations of sea life that our recent literature has furnished." 
 Naval and Military Gazette. 
 
 " The Naval Sketches of Chamier are truths touched slightly by 
 the fingers of fiction." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM. 
 
 Trevor Hastings, 1841. Passion and Principle, 1843. 
 Other works. Captain Chamier was in Paris during the 
 Revolution of 1848, and pub. a Review of the scenes wit 
 nessed by him, in 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " A graphic, most exciting sketch, overflowing with incident 
 and anecdote." Lon. Atlas. 
 
 " Much as we have heard about the French Revolution, this 
 dashing account from the pen of an eye-witness of no common 
 talent or powers of description, will gratify no small share of pub 
 lic curiosity." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 Chamier, John. Weather at Madras, 1787-88. 
 
 Champney, Anthony. Vocation of Bishops, Douay, 
 1616, 4to. 
 
 Champion, Anthony, 1724-25-1801, educated at 
 St. Mary Hall, Oxford, served in two Parliaments, 1754 
 and 1761. A collection of his Miscellanies in Prose and 
 Verse, English and Latin, was pub. by his friend William 
 Henry, Lord Lyttleton, in 1801, 8vo. 
 
 " From his Miscellanies it is discernible that he was a polite 
 scholar, and had many qualities of a poet, but not unmixed with 
 a love for those disgusting images in which Swift delighted." 
 
 Champion, J. The Progress of Freedom ; a Poem, 
 Lon., 1776, 4to. Poems imitated from the Persian, 1787, 
 4to. The Poems of Ferdosi; trans, from the Persian, 
 1788, 4to ; 1799. 
 
 "Ferdosi is the Homer, and the Shah Nameh the Iliad, of 
 Persia." 
 
 Champion, Joseph, b. 1709, at Chatham, was a 
 celebrated penman. He pub. a number of manuals upon 
 penmanship, 1733-60. 
 
 Champion, Richard. Reflections on G. Britain, 
 1787, 8vo ; its political, commercial, and civil state. 
 
 Champlin, James Tift, b. 1811, in Connecticut. 
 Grad. Brown Univ. 1834; Prof. Languages Waterville 
 Coll. ; a distinguished classical scholar. English Gram 
 mar. Greek Grammar. Translated and remodelled 
 Kiihner's Latin Grammar; Kuhner's Latin Exercises. 
 Editor of Demosthenes on the Crown ; J3schines on the 
 Crown; Popular Orations of Demosthenes. Review of 
 G rote's Greece, Ac. 
 
 Champney, or Champneis, John. The Harvest, 
 Ac., 1548, 4to ; a religious work. 
 
 Champney, T. Medical and Chirurgical Reform, 
 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Chance, Henry. A Treatise on Powers, Lon., 1831, 
 2 vols. 8vo. Suppl., bringing the Enactments and Cases 
 down to 1841 ; 1841, 8vo. 
 
 " It is profound, learned, and practical, more full than Sir E. 
 Sugden's work upon the same subject; and, perhaps, in some in 
 stances, unnecessarily diffuse." Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 Chancel, A. D. Journey over Europe, Lon., 1714, 8vo. 
 
 Chancy, Charles. His Retraction, Lon., 1641, 4to. 
 
 Chandler. Debates H. of Lords, 1660-1741, Lon.,1752, 
 8 vols.; in H. of Commons, 1660-1741; 1752, 14 vols. 
 
 Chandler, B., M.D. Med. Essays, 1767, '84, 8vo. 
 
 Chandler, Benjamin. 1. Essay. 2. Apology, 1714, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Chandler, Caroline H., a native of Philadelphia, 
 formerly Miss Hieskill, has contributed some poetical pieces 
 to the periodicals. 
 
 "They evince a warm and impassioned temperament, ardent 
 feelings, and great poetic sensibility." Mrs. Hates Woman's Record. 
 
 Chandler, Edward, D.D., d. 1750; educated at 
 Emanuel College, Cambridge; Bishop of Lichfield, 1717; 
 
 n M G ?,"' nu Sermons pub " 8e P ft tely, 1707, '10, '15 
 '16, '18, 24 ; a Charge, Ac. Defence of Christianity, from 
 the Prophecies of the Old and New Testament ; wherein 
 are considered all the objections against this kind of proof 
 advanced in a late Discourse on the grounds and reasons 
 of the Christian Religion, [by Anthony Collins,! Lon 
 1725, 8vo. 
 
 " A very elaborate and learned work, executed with great judg 
 ment." DR. LELAND. 
 366 
 
 A Vindication of the above work, 1728, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Chandler, Elizabeth M., 1807-1834, a native of 
 Delaware. Poetical Works and Essays, with a Memoir of 
 tier Life and Character, Philadelphia, 1836. Many of Miss 
 "" 's Essays are of a philanthropic character. 
 
 Chandler, Ellen Louise, b. 1835, a native of Pom- 
 Tet, Connecticut, commenced contributing to periodicals 
 when only fifteen years of age. Her first volume, This, 
 That, and the Other, was pub. in May, 1854, and a 2d edi- 
 ion followed in the ensuing August. See Hart's Female 
 Prose Writers of America. 
 
 Chandler, George, Surgeon. Treatise on a Cataract, 
 Lon., 1755, 8vo. Treat, on Diseases of the Eye, 1780, Svo. 
 
 Chandler, George, LL.D., of Southam. Eight Ser 
 mons at the Bampton Lecture, 1825, Oxf., 1825. 
 
 Chandler, Henry. Sermons, 1699, 1718, Svo. 
 
 Chandler, John. Proceeds, agst. Quakers, 1662, 4to. 
 
 Chandler, John. The Small-Pox, Lon., 1729, Svo. 
 
 Chandler, John. A Treatise on a Cold, 1761, 8vo. 
 
 Chandler, John. Coasting Directions, 1778, 4to. 
 
 Chandler, John. Sir Herbert; a Ballad, 1800, Svo. 
 
 Chandler, John. Hymns and Sermon, 1837, '39. 
 
 Chandler, Joseph R., b. 1792, Kingston, Plymouth 
 co., Mass., for many years a resident of Philadelphia, and 
 formerly its representative in the National Congress, is a 
 writer of no ordinary merit. As editor of the United States 
 Gazette, he wrote many miscellaneous essays, which elicited 
 general admiration. 1. A Grammar of the English Lan 
 guage, Phila., 1821, 12mo, pp. 180; revised ed., 1847, 
 12mo, pp. 208. 2. Address before the Pennsylvania Peace 
 Society, 1829, 8vo. 3. Masonic Discourses, 1844, Svo: 
 delivered whilst Grand-Master of Pennsylvania. 4. Ora 
 tion before the Society of the Sons of New England in 
 1845, Svo, 1846. 5. Address before the Franklin Insti 
 tute, [Phila.,] 1847, Svo. 6. Address at the Girard Col 
 lege in 1848. 7. Social Duties: an Address before the 
 "Girard Brotherhood" of the Girard College, 1855, Svo. 
 8. Fourth Celebration of the Landing of the Pilgrims of 
 Maryland: an Oration, 1855, Svo. Also, Speeches de 
 livered in Congress, pub. separately. 
 
 Chandler, Mary, 1687-1745, a native of Wiltshire, 
 resided at Bath. Poems, Svo ; several edits. 
 
 " Mr. Pope visited her at Bath, and complimented her for her 
 poem on that place. . . . Mrs. Howe was one of her particular 
 friends." 
 
 Chandler, Mary G. The Elements of Character, 16mo. 
 
 Chandler, Peleg VV. The Bankrupt Law of the 
 United States, Bost., 1842, 12mo. American Criminal 
 Trials, Bost., 1844, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Chandler, Richard, D.D., 1738-1810, a native of 
 Hampshire, entered of Queen's College, Oxford, in 1755, 
 was sent by the Dilettanti Society in 1764 to travel in Asia 
 Minor and Greece, in company with Revett, the architect, 
 and Pars, the painter. They returned to England in 1766. 
 The results of their investigations were given to the world 
 by the Society in 1769, fol. ; vol. ii., edited by the Society, 
 1797, fol., 100 plates and vignettes. In 1774, fol., was 
 
 Sub. Inscriptiones Antiquae, f c., which should accompany 
 niter's work. Travels in Asia Minor, 1775, 4to; and in 
 Greece, 1776, 4to, and in 1817, 2 vols. 4to; and (with a 
 Life of Dr. C.) by Rev. R. Churton, 1835, 2 vols. Svo; in 
 French, Paris, 1806. 
 
 " These are valuable travels to the antiquarian. The author, 
 guided by Pausanias (as respects Greece, Strabo for that country 
 and Asia Minor,) and Pliny, has described with wonderful accuracy 
 and perspicuity the ruins of the cities of Asia Minor, its temples, 
 theatres, &c." Stevenson's Hist. Sketch of Discovery, N. and C. 
 
 History of Illiurn or Troy, 1802, 4to. In 1763 he edited 
 the Marmora Oxoniensia, Oxf., fol. ; and left in MS. a Life 
 of William Waynflete, which was pub. in 1811, Svo. 
 
 Chandler,Samuel. Theolog. Discourses,&c.,1691,'99. 
 
 Chandler, Samuel, D.D., 1693-1756, an eminent 
 Dissenting minister, a native of Berkshire, was educated 
 at an academy at Tewkesbury, and completed his studies 
 at Leyden. In 1716 he took charge of a Presbyterian 
 congregation at Peckham. Having lost his fortune, he 
 opened a book-store in London, still discharging his minis 
 terial duties. He was highly esteemed through life for his 
 learning and piety. Of his many publications, 1722-77, 
 we notice the following: A Vindication of the Christian 
 Religion; in two parts, Lon., 1728, Svo. The first part 
 contains a Discourse on Miracles, the 2d an answer to 
 Tindal's Discourse on the Grounds and Reasons of the 
 Christian Religion. Plain Reasons for being a Christian, 
 1730, Svo. A Paraphrase and Crit. Comment, on Joel, 
 1735. 4to. $i* 
 
 " The criticism is not of -a high order, and many important diffi 
 culties in Joel remain untouched." ORME. 
 
 "Critical and illustrative." BICKERSTETH. 
 
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 CHA 
 
 Dr. C. projected a commentary upon each of the pro 
 phetical books. A Vindication of the Hist, of the Old Testa 
 ment, 1741, 8vo. This was an answer to Morgan's Moral 
 Philosopher. A Critical History of the Life of David, 
 1766, 2 vols. 8vo. (The Review of the History of the Man 
 after God's own Heart was pub. in 1762.) 
 
 "This very learned and valuable work contains a successful 
 vindication of many parts of David's conduct to which exceptions 
 have been taken by skeptics and unbelievers. It throws great 
 light also upon many of the Psalms, not a few of which are here 
 presented to the reader in a new and improved translation." DR. 
 E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 "Chandler's Life of David is more critical and sober in judgment 
 than Ddauy's ; but the latter has finer thoughts and more taste. 
 Chandler too much palliates David's crimes." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 "It is the most valuable of all Chandler's productions, abound 
 ing with solid learning, accurate research, and many important 
 and original views. ... It is very far superior to the work of 
 Delany on the same subject." ORME : q. v. for the cause of its pub 
 lication. 
 
 " A book above all praise. It was occasioned by the publication, 
 in 1762, of a vile and blasphemous tract entitled The History of 
 the Man after God's own Heart. Dr. Chandler has illustrated many 
 of the Psalms in an admirable manner." HORNE. 
 
 Sermons, from his MSS. ; with Life, &c. by Amory, 
 1768, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "A vein of goodness and rational piety pervades the whole." 
 Lon. Critical Review. 
 
 " His practical discourses are excellent : there is such a fulness 
 of thought upon every subject which Dr. Chandler treats as is 
 rarely met with and shows a mind richly furnished." Lon. Month. 
 Rev. 
 
 Mr. White pub. in 1777, 4to, from Dr. C.'s MSS., his 
 Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistles to the Galatians 
 and Ephesians, with a Grit, and Prac. Comment, on the 
 Epistles to the Thessalonians. 
 
 " The author adheres most closely and constantly to the spirit 
 of the original," &c. WHITE. 
 
 " Dr. Chandler's sentiments were too incorrect on some im 
 portant subjects to leave him capable of doing full justice to Paul's 
 Epistles. He was an Arian, the effects of which appear in the 
 unnatural coldness of his style on some of those topics which 
 warmed and elevated the souls of holy men of old, as well as in 
 his perverted interpretations of various passages." ORME. 
 
 See Home's Introduc. ; and Lon. Monthly Rev., 0. S., 
 Ivi. 161. 
 
 "He was not a man of strictly evangelical views; but he pos 
 sessed great learning, very strong sense, inflexible resolution, and 
 was a zealous advocate of divine revelation. His four volumes of 
 Sermons are well worth reading." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 Chandler, Thomas. Vitse Will. Wickhami, Episc. 
 Wintoni, et Thomae de Beckintona, Episc. Bath et Wallens. 
 Vide Wharton, p. 355. 
 
 Chandler, Thomas B., d. 1790, aged 64, a native 
 of Connecticut, was an eminent Episcopalian minister. He 
 wrote several works in favour of the Episcopal Church, a 
 sermon, <fcc., pub. 1767-1805. 
 
 Chandler, William. Sermon, Lon., 1682, 4to. 
 
 Chanler, Isaac, 1701-1749. Sermons, Ac., 1704. 
 
 Channel, Elinor. A Message from God to the Pro 
 tector, 1653. 
 
 Channing, Edward Tyrrel, LL.D., 1790-1856, 
 brother of Dr. Wm. Ellery Channing, and Walter Chan- 
 ning, M.D., (?..,) Prof, of Rhetoric and Oratory in Har 
 vard College from 1819 to '51, "where the exactness of 
 his instruction, his cultivated taste, and his highly-disci 
 plined mental powers gave him an eminent reputation 
 with his pupils." He edited vols. vii., viii., and ix. of the 
 N. American Review, and contributed many articles to 
 subsequent volumes of that journal. He is the author of 
 the Life of his grandfather, William Ellery, in Sparks's 
 Amer. Biog. ; and in 1856 was pub. his Lectures read be 
 fore the Seniors of Harvard College, with a Biographical 
 Notice by R. H. Dana, Jr., Bost., 12mo. 
 
 Channing, John. De Variolis et Morbillis, Arabice 
 et Latine, cum aliis nonnullis ejusdem argument!, Lon. 
 1766, 8vo. 
 
 Channing, Walter, M.D., b. 1786, at Newport, R.I., 
 son of Wm. Channing, a distinguished lawyer, and grand 
 son of Wm. Ellery, who was a member of Congress 1776- 
 86 and one of the signers of the Declaration of Inde 
 pendence. His grandfather and father held offices under 
 commissions from Gen. Washington. He is a brother of 
 Wm. Ellery Channing. Educated at Harvard Coll., and 
 grad. M.D. at the Univ. of Penna., having studied in the 
 office of Prof. Barton, of Phila. Prof, of Midwifery and 
 Medical Jurisprudence at the Univ. of Cambridge. 1. 
 Address on the Prevention of Pauperism, 1843, 12mo. 2. 
 Treatise on Etherization in Childbirth j illustrated by 581 
 cases, Bost., 1848, r. 8vo, pp. 400. 3. Professional Remi 
 niscences of Foreign Travel, 8vo. 4. New and Old, 1851, 
 12mo. 5 A Physician's Vacation; or, A Summer in 
 Europe, 1856, 8vo, pp. 564. Dr. C. is the author of 
 
 many valuable tracts, essays, and discourses on medical 
 subjects. 
 
 Channing,William Ellery, D.D., 1780-1842, b. at 
 Newport, brother of the preceding, was entered of Harvard 
 College when fourteen years of age, and graduated with 
 distinction in 1798. After leaving college he resided for 
 some time as a private tutor in a family in Virginia. Se 
 lecting the ministry as his profession, he was ordained in 
 June, 1803, and assumed the charge of a church in Federal 
 Street, Boston. At the ordination of the Rev. Jared Sparks 
 in Baltimore, 1819, he preached a sermon on the Unitarian 
 belief, which elicited responses from a number of the advo 
 cates of the Trinity. In 1823 he pub. an Essay on Na 
 tional Literature, and in 1826 (in the Christian Examiner) 
 Remarks on the Character and Writings of John Milton. 
 He had now gained an extensive reputation as a literary 
 man, which was confirmed and strengthened by his subse 
 quent productions, of which may be mentioned his Re 
 marks on the Character and Writings of Fenelon, (Chris 
 tian Examiner, 1829;) Address on Self-Culture, 1838 ; a 
 work in opposition to Negro Slavery, 1835 ; and Discourses 
 on the Evidences of Revealed Religion. His last public 
 address was delivered at Lenox, Massachusetts, August 1, 
 1842, (two months before his decease,) in commemoration 
 of Emancipation in the British West Indies. See Gris- 
 wold's Prose Writers of America. 
 
 The first collected Amer. ed. of his works was pub. in Bos 
 ton in 1841, 5 vols. 12mo; 6th ed., 1846, 6 vols. 12mo ; Lon., 
 1845, 6 vols. 8vo, (edited by Joseph Barker;) last Lon. ed., 
 1855, cr. 8vo. The Essay on Milton was reviewed with 
 much severity by Lord Macaulay, (Edin. Rev., Ixix. 214;) 
 but Dr. Channing's literary abilities have been estimated 
 highly by many critics on both sides of the Atlantic. 
 
 "He looks through the external forms of things in search of the 
 secret and mysterious principles of thought, action, and being. 
 He takes little notice of the varieties of manner and character that 
 form the favourite topics of the novelist and poet. Mind in the 
 abstract, its nature, properties, and destiny, are his constant theme. 
 He looks at material objects chiefly as the visible expressions of 
 the existence, character, and will of the sublime Unseen Intelli 
 gence whose power created and whose presence informs and sus 
 tains the universe." A. H. EVERETT : N. Amer. Rev., Oct. 1835, 366. 
 
 Read Mr. Everett's comparison (supra) between Chan 
 ning and Washington Irving. See also Wm. H. Prescott's 
 Miscellanies, 1855, 270. 
 
 "From tho appearance of his Discourse on the Evidences of 
 Christianity a luminous exposition till the lamented death of 
 this eminent man, the public expectation which had been raised 
 so high by the character of his earliest performances was con 
 tinually excited and fulfilled by the appearance of some new and 
 earnest expression of his thoughts on themes which come immedi 
 ately home to men's business and bosoms, religion, government, 
 and literature in their widest sense and application." Retrospect 
 of the Religious Life of England, (by John James Tayler, B.A;) 
 
 " Channing is unquestionably the first writer of the age. From 
 his writings may V>e extracted some of the richest poetry and 
 richest conceptions, clothed in language, unfortunately for our 
 literature, too little studied in the day in which we live." 
 Fraser's Magazine. 
 
 " The thoughts that breathe and the words that burn abound in 
 his writings more than in those of any modern author with whom 
 we are acquainted. He seems to move and live in a pure and ele 
 vated atmosphere of his own, from which he surveys the various 
 interests of society and pronounces on them a just and discrimi 
 nating judgment." India Gazette. 
 
 Other notices of Dr. Channing's writings will be found 
 in Westm. Rev., vols. x., xii., 1., (by Rev. James Mar- 
 tineau;) Edin. Rev., 1., Ixix.; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxiv.; 
 Lon. Month. Rev., cxv. ; Blackw. Mag., xviii. ; Eraser's 
 Mag., xvii., xviii. ; Amer. Quar. Rev., xvi. ; Method. 
 Quar. Rev., ix., (by A. Stevens;) Mass. Quar. Rev., i. ; 
 Bost. Chris. Exam., iv., (by A. Norton,) xiv., (by 0. 
 Dewey,) xxviii., xxxiii., xlv., (by W. H. Furness ;) Bost. 
 Liv. Age, xix. ; N. York Lit. and Theolog. Rev., i., (by L. 
 Withington,) iii., (by E. Pond;) N. York Eclec. Mag., xv.; 
 Democrat. Rev., ix., xi., xii., (by George Bancroft;) South. 
 Lit. Mess., iv., vi., xv., (by H. T. Tuckerman;) New Eng- 
 lander, viii. ; Phila. Mus., xvi., xxxv. 
 
 Memoir of, with Extracts from his Correspondence and 
 Manuscripts ; edited by his nephew, William Henry Chan 
 ning, Boston, 1848, 3 vols. 12mo; Lon., 1850, 2vols. 12mo. 
 
 "This is a valuable contribution to literature. We recommend 
 it to all who take an interest in such subjects." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 It is a work of high merit, and in many respects of deep inte 
 rest." Lon. Examiner. 
 
 "Every page teems with thought." Brit. Quar. Rev. 
 
 Channing, William Ellery, nephew of the pre 
 ceding, and son of Dr. Walter Channing. Poems: 1st Ser., 
 Bost., 1843 ; 2d Ser., 1847. Youth of the Poet and Painter: 
 a Series of Psychological Essays, pub. in The Dial, 1844. 
 Conversations in Rome : between an Artist, a Catholic, and 
 a Critic, 1847. The Woodman, and other Poems. 1849. 
 
 367 
 
CHA 
 
 CHA 
 
 "There is much originality and a fine vein of reflection in both 
 this author's prose and verse." Duydrincks 1 Cyc. 
 
 Channing, William Francis, M.D., son of Dr. 
 William Ellery Channing, b. 1820, at Boston. 1. Davis's 
 Manual of Magnetism, 1841, 12mo. 2. Notes on the Medical 
 Application of Electricity, Bost., 1849, 12mo. 3. The Ame 
 rican Fire- Alarm Telegraph; a Lect. before the Smithsonian 
 Institute, 1855. Contributed to Silliman's Jour., <fcc. 
 
 Channing, William Henry, nephew of Dr. Wm. 
 Ellery Channing, and son of Francis Dana Channing, 
 graduated at Harvard College 1829, and the Cambridge 
 Divinity School, 1833. 1. Memoirs of the Rev. James H. 
 Perkins, Bost., 1851, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Jouffroy's Intro 
 duction to Ethics, including a Critical Survey of Moral 
 Systems ; translated for Mr. Ripley's Series of Specimens 
 of Foreign Literature, Bost., 1840. 3. Memoir of William 
 Ellery Channing, with Extracts from his Correspondence 
 and Manuscripts, Bost., 1848, 3 vols. 12mo. 4. On the 
 Christian Church and Social Reform : see Brownson's 
 Quar. Rev., 2d Ser., iii. 209, 438. 5. With R. W. Emer 
 son and J. F. Clarke, Boston, Memoirs of Margaret Fuller 
 Ossoli : see OSSOLI, MARCHESA D'. 
 
 Chantrell, Mary Ann. Poems, 1748, 8vo. 
 
 Chapin, Alonzo B., D.D., 1808-1858, a native of 
 Somers, Conn. ; practised law six years ; entered the 
 ministry 1838. Classical Spelling-Book. Primitive Church, 
 1845. Gospel Truth. Puritanism not Protestantism, 1847. 
 Hist, of Glastonbury, 1853, 8vo. Author of many pamph 
 lets on religious subjects. Contributed to Knickerbocker, 
 Chris. Spect., Amer. Quar. Rev., N.Y. Rev., Church Rev., &c. 
 
 Chapin, E. H., D.D., b. 1814, in the State of New 
 York; a distinguished pulpit-orator. 1. Hours of Com 
 munion. 2. Characters in the Gospels. 3. Discourses on 
 the Lord's Prayer. 4. Crown of Thorns. 5. Token for the 
 Sorrowing. 6. Moral Aspects of City Life, 1853. 7. Hu 
 manity in the City, 1854. 8. Christianity the Perfection 
 of True Manliness, 1855, 12mo. Other works. 
 
 Chapin, Walter. Missionary Gazetteer, 1825, 12rno. 
 
 Chapin, Wm. Gazetteer U. States, N.Y., 1839, 12mo. 
 
 Chaplin, Daniel, of Mass. Sermons, 1802-08. 
 
 Chaplin, Ebenezer, of Mass. Serms., Ac.,1772-1802. 
 
 Chaplin, Mrs. Jane D., b. in Mass. The Convent 
 and the Manse, 12mo. Green Leaves from Oakwood, 18mo. 
 
 Chaplin, Rev. Jeremiah, b. 1813, in Mass. Even 
 ings of Life, 12mo. Riches of Bunyan, 12mo, &o. 
 
 Chaplin, William. Sermons, 1820, '26, 8vo. 
 
 Chapman. Sermons, Oxf., 1790, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Chapman, Alex. Sermon, Lon., 1610. 
 
 Chapman, Edmund, Surg. Med. treatises, 1737, '59. 
 
 Chapman, Edw. Materia Medica, Edin., 1850, 12mo. 
 
 Chapman, Rev. F. W. The Chapman Family: 
 The Descendants of Robert Chapman, of Saybrook, Conn., 
 Hartford, 1854, 8vo. 
 
 Chapman, George, 1557-1634, supposed to have 
 been a native of Kent, was entered when 17 of Trinity 
 College, Oxford, where he was distinguished for his know 
 ledge of the Greek and Latin authors. On leaving college 
 he cultivated a friendship with Shakspeare, Spenser, Da 
 niel, and other eminent poets of the day. His first pub 
 lication was Ovid's Banquet of Sauce, 1595, 4to, to which 
 was added The Amorous Contention of Phillis and Flora. 
 After this he pub. many poetical and dramatic pieces of 
 greater or less merit, for a detailed account of which we 
 must refer the reader to Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; War- 
 ton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry; Wood's Athen. Oxon.; Lang- 
 baine's Dramatick Poets; and the Retrospective Review, 
 vols. iv. and v., 1821-22. He is now best known by his 
 .ranslation of Homer, the fiftt into English. He pub. in 
 1596, 4to, The Shield of Achilles ; and in the same year 
 jeven books of the Iliad appeared. The entire transla 
 tion, with comments, followed, printed by N. Butter, in a 
 folio without date, supposed to be about 1600. This 
 translation has elicited warm commendation and censure 
 equally decided. Waller, Dr. Johnson, Godwin, Hallam, 
 Lamb, and Coleridge are among his admirers. Pope, whilst 
 admitting his defects, considers that he covers them by 
 
 "A daring fiery spirit, that animates his translation, which is 
 something like what one might imagine Homer himself to have 
 written before he arrived at years of discretion." 
 
 The scholars of Chapman's day were greatly delighted 
 irith what they looked upon as a credit to the brotherhood : 
 
 ' ; At which time Chapman was highly celebrated amone scholars 
 for his brave language in that translation. I mean of those ffiS 
 that are translated into tester ad ecca syllabous, or lines of fourteen 
 syllables." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 ' He has by no means represented the dignity or the simplicitv 
 of Homer. He is sometimes paraphrastic and redundant, but 
 more frequently retrenches or impoverishes what he could riot feel 
 and express. In the mean time, he labours with the inconvenience 
 
 of an awkward, inharmonious, and unheroic measure, imposed by 
 custom, but disgustful to modern ears. Yet he is not always with 
 out strength or spirit. He has enriched our language with many 
 compound epithets, so much in the manner of Homer, such as the 
 silver-footed Thetis, the silver-throned Juno, the triple-feathered 
 helme, the high-walled Thebes, the fair-haired boy, the silver-flow 
 ing floods, the hugely -peopled towns, the Grecians navy-bound, the 
 strong-winged lance, and many more which might be collected." 
 Warton's Hist, of English Poetry. 
 
 The Rev. R. Hooper has pub. new eds., with Notes, Ac., 
 of translations by Chapman, viz. : Homer's Iliads, with 
 Life of Chapman, 1857, 2 vols. ; Homer's Odysseys, 1857, 
 2 vols. ; Homer's Batrachomyomachia, Hymns, and Epi 
 grams, Hesiod's Works and Days, Musaeus's Hero and 
 Leander, and Juvenal's Fifth Satire, 1858, 1 vol. 
 
 Eastward-Ho the joint production of Chapman, Ben 
 Jonson, Marston, and Martin was pub. in 1605, 4to. We 
 notice it especially in order to give an amusing specimen 
 of Langbaine's deference to "rare Ben:" 
 
 " I can give him no greater commendation than that he was so 
 intimate with the famous Johnson [sic] as to engage in a Trium 
 virate with Him and Marston in a Play called Eastward-Ho, a 
 Favour which the haughty Ben could seldome be perswaded to." 
 Dramatick Poets. 
 
 The reflection upon the Scots got the authors into trou 
 ble. In 1611 appeared his May-Day, a wittie Comedy, in 
 which "a man of the highest literary taste for the pieces 
 in vogue is characterized" as "one that has read Marcus 
 Aurelius, Gesta Romanorum, the Mirrour of Magistrates, 
 <fec." Among Chapman's other works were Bussy d'Am- 
 bois, The Widow's Tears, a version of the Odyssey, of the 
 Batrachomyomachia, and the Hymns and Epigrams, a 
 trans, of Museeus, 1616, and the Georgicks of Hesiod, 1619. 
 Warton remarks that his eighteen plays, 
 
 " Although now forgotten, must have contributed in no incon 
 siderable degree to enrich and advance the English stage." Hist, 
 of English Poetry. 
 
 " Webster, his fellow-dramatist, praises his full and heightened 
 style, a character which he does not deserve in any favourable 
 sense; for his diction is chiefly marked by barbarous ruggedness, 
 false elevation, and extravagant metaphor. The drama owes him 
 very little : his Bussy d'Ambois is a piece of frigid atrocity ; and 
 in ' The Widow's Tears,' where his heroine Cynthia falls in love 
 with a sentinel guarding the corpse of her husband, whom she 
 was bitterly lamenting, he has dramatized one of the most puerile 
 and disgusting legends ever fabricated for the disparagement of 
 female constancy." CAMPBELL : Lives of the Poets. 
 
 Chapman, George, 1723-1806, a Scottish school 
 master. Treatise on Education, Edin., 1773, 8vo; many 
 edits. Hints on Education, <fec. Advantages of a Classical 
 Education, &c. Abridgment of Ruddiman's Rudiments 
 and Latin Grammar. East India Tracts, <fcc., 1805, 12mo. 
 
 Chapman, George T. Sermons on the Episcopal 
 Church, 1828 ; 3d ed., 1844, 12mo. Do. to Presbyterians. 
 
 Chapman, H. T. I.Atlas of Surgical Apparatus, Lon., 
 4to; text, 8vo. 2. Ulcers of the Leg, 1848, p. 8vo. 3. Vari 
 cose Veins, 1856, p. 8vo. 
 
 Chapman, Henry. Thermae Redivivao : the City of 
 Bath Described, Lon., 1673, 4to. 
 
 Chapman, Isaac. Hist, of Wyoming, 1830, 12mo. 
 
 Chapman, James. The Orator, &c., 1804-18. 
 
 Chapman, Jane Frances. King Eric and the Out 
 laws ; from the Danish of Ingemann, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 Chapman, John, 1704-1784, educated at Eton and at 
 King's College, Cambridge, Archdeacon of Sudbury, 1741, 
 pub. several classical and theological works. An Answer 
 to Collins, Cantab., 1728, 8vo. Remarks on Middleton's 
 Celebrated Letter to Dr. Waterland, 1731. Eusebius : 
 against Morgan and Tindal, 1739, 8vo. Sermons, 1739, 
 '43, '48, '52. De JEtate Ciceronis Librorum de Legibus, 
 1744. Chapman was a close student of Cicero : he gained 
 great credit by his position that the illustrious orator pub. 
 two edits, of his Academics ; and he corrected Middleton in 
 some errors which he had committed. Letter to Dr. Middle- 
 ton, 1744. A Charge, 1746. Miscellaneous Tracts relating 
 to Antiquity, with Addits., 1743, 8vo. A View of the Ex 
 pediency and Credibility of Miraculous Powers among the 
 Primitive Christians after the Decease of the Apostles, 
 1752, 4to. His Case against Dr. Richardson, fol. Middle- 
 ton attacked his Charge to the Clergy. See Nichols's Lite 
 rary Anecdotes, and Bishop Warburton's Correspondence. 
 
 Chapman, John, Surgeon. Con. to Ann. of Mod., 
 1799 ; Med. and Phys. Jour., 1800. 
 
 Chapman, John, editor of the Westminster Review. 
 Characteristics of Men of Genius; selected chiefly from 
 the North American Review, Lon., 1 847, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "They are essays which would do honour to the literature of 
 any country." Westminster Review. 
 
 Other publications. 
 
 Chapman, John. The Cotton and Commerce of 
 India Considered, Lon., 1851, 8vo. Various articles in 
 the London quarterlies. 
 
CHA 
 
 Chapman, J. G., of New York. American Draw 
 ing-Book, N. York, 4to : originally pub. in numbers. 
 
 " It is the best work of its class that I have ever seen. Clear 
 and simple in its method, it adapts itself to every degree of capa 
 city and insures most satisfactory results to all." A. B. DUKAND, 
 
 ESQ., President of the National Academy of Design. 
 The Amateur's Drawing Manual, and Basis of 
 
 Study 
 
 for the Professional Artist, 1858, 4to. 
 
 "This American work, though occasionally verbose and re 
 dundant, is one of the most comprehensive books of instruction 
 that has yet been published. It deals with art in a workmanlike, 
 honest, wide, exhaustive way, and rises far beyond the prettinesses 
 of dilettantism into the purer air where the Old Masters sit, high 
 and apart." Lon. Athen., July 17, 1858. 
 
 Chapman, Nath., M.D., d. July 1, 1853, aged 74, 
 Prof, in Univ. of Penna., and Pres. of Amer. Philos. Soc. ; 
 an eminent physician of Philadelphia. Eruptive Fevers, 
 Phila., 8vo. Thoracic Viscera, 1844, 8vo. Lects. on Fevers, 
 Dropsy, Gout, Rheumatism, &c., 8vo. Elements of Thera 
 peutics and Materia Medica, 2 vols. 8vo. Compendium of 
 his Lectures by Benedict. Dr. C. pub., in 1807-08, 5 vols. 
 8vo, Select Speeches, Forensick and Parliamentary, with 
 Prefatory Remarks. See Discourse on Dr. C., by S. Jack 
 son, M.D., 1854, 8vo; CARPENTER, STEPHEN CULLEN. 
 
 Chapman, Richard. Serms., 1703, '04, '09. 
 
 Chapman, Richard. Greek Harmony, Lon., 1836, 
 4to. In this the arrangements of Newcome, Townsend, 
 and Greswell are incorporated, with Notes. 
 
 Chapman, Samuel, surgeon. Profess. Essays, 
 1751, '70. 
 
 Chapman, Samuel. Serms., 1815, 3 vols. 
 
 Chapman, Stephen. Serm., Oxf., 1703, 4to. 
 
 Chapman, Thomas, D.D., 1717-1760, Master of 
 Magdalen College, was educated at and Fellow of Christ 
 Church, Cambridge. Essay on the Roman Senate, Camb., 
 1750, 8vo. He agrees with Dr. Middleton. Hooke takes 
 them both to task in his Observations, <fcc., 1758, 4to. 
 
 " Chapman died in the flower of his life and fortune. I knew 
 him formerly very well. He was in his nature a vain and busy 
 man." BISHOP HURD. 
 
 Chapman, Thomas. Cyder-maker's Instructor,1757. 
 
 Chapman, W. The Parriad, Lon., 1788, 4to. This 
 was addressed to Dr. Parr upon " his elegant but illiberal 
 preface" to Bellenden. 
 
 Chapman, W. Serm., Lon., 1798, 8vo. 
 
 Chapman, William. Canal Navigation, 1797-1805. 
 
 Chapman, William. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1758 j 
 distilling from Sea Water ; Fossil Bones of an Alligator. 
 
 Chapman, Sir William. Inventory of his Lands, 
 <fcc., 1721, fol. His Petition to the H. of Commons. 
 
 Chapone, Hester, 1727-1801, was a daughter of 
 Thomas Mulso, Esq., of Twywell in Northamptonshire. 
 Her literary taste was developed at an early age; as it is 
 asserted that when only nine years old she composed a 
 romance entitled The Loves of Amoret and Melissa. At 
 the house of Samuel Richardson, the novelist, she met 
 with Mr. Chapone, a lawyer, to whom she was married in 
 1760, after a long engagement. Mr. C. lived but ten 
 months after his marriage. She was the intimate friend 
 of Elizabeth Carter for more than fifty years, and had the 
 courage to argue with the redoubted Dr. Johnson. In 
 1753 she contributed to the Adventurer the story of Fide 
 lia. See Nos. 77, 78, 79. When Elizabeth Carter's trans. 
 of Epictetus was pub. in 1758, Mrs. Chapone prefixed an 
 ode to the work. Her letters on the Improvement of the 
 Mind, addressed to her niece, were pub. in 1773 2 vols 
 12rno, (and 1801, 8vo ;) and two years later appeared the 
 Miscellanies in Prose and Verse ; many of these were the 
 compositions of her earlier days. Her Letter to a new- 
 married Lady was pub. in 1777, 12mo. Miss Mulso for 
 she was then unmarried contributed four billets in the 
 10th No. of the Rambler. 
 
 Johnson complains to Mrs. Thrale : 
 
 " You make verses, and they are read in public, and I know 
 nothing about them. This very crime, I think, broke the link of 
 amity between Richardson and Miss M. [ulso] after a tenderness 
 and confidence of many years." April 18, 1780. 
 
 We have already referred to Dr. Johnson's letter to Mrs. 
 Chapone, giving his opinion of the Earl of Carlisle's Fa 
 ther's Revenge, (q. v.) 
 
 Her Posthumous Works, including Correspondence and 
 some pieces not before printed, were pub. in 1807, 2 vols. 
 12mo ; 2d edit., 1808. Her poetry has been much admired, 
 and the Letters on the Improvement of the Mind have 
 proved extensively useful. 
 
 " Although more than sixty years have elapsed since this work 
 was first published, its advice does not even yet appear anti 
 quated: and is as well calculated to improve the rising generation 
 vras to instruct the youth of their grandmothers." MRS! 
 
 24 
 
 CHA 
 
 Chappel, Bart. Garden of Prudence, Lon., 1595, 8vo. 
 "The commentators on Shakspeare may add to their notes on 
 Romeo and Juliet that ' griping grief occurs more than once 
 among the metre." Restituta, ii. 503, q. v. 
 
 This rare work is priced in Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 25. 
 
 Chappel, R. Universal Arithmetic, Lon., 1798, 8vo. 
 
 Chappel, Samuel. A Diamond, or Rich Jewel, 
 presented to the Commonwealth of England, Lon., 1650, 4to. 
 
 Chappel, William, 1582-1649, a native of Notting 
 hamshire, was educated at Christ's College, Cambridge ; 
 Dean of Cashel, 1633 ; Provost of Trinity College, Dub 
 lin, 1637; Bishop of Cork, 1638. The persecution to 
 which he was subjected in Ireland obliged him to return 
 to England, where he died. Methodus Concionandi, Lon., 
 1648, 8vo. The Use of the Holy Scriptures, 1653, 8vo. 
 The Preacher, 1656, 12mo. Vita Seipso conscripta, et 
 edit, per Th. Hearne, Oxf., 1715, 8vo. He is one of the 
 persons to whom the authorship of The Whole Duty of 
 Man has been ascribed : 
 
 " 'Tis certain The Whole Duty of Man was written by one who 
 suffered by the troubles in Ireland ; and some lines in this piece 
 give great grounds to conjecture that Bishop Chappel was the au 
 thor." BEAUPR BELL. See Peck's Desiderata. 
 
 This is hardly legal evidence. 
 
 Chappell, Edward, Lt. R.N. Voyage to Hudson's 
 Bay, Lon., 1817, 8vo. 
 
 " He might just as well have written his little volume on a voy 
 age to the South Seas as to Hudson's Bay, for any thing nautical 
 which is to be found in it respecting this bay." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 Chappelou, John. An Essay to suppress the Pro 
 fanation of the reverend name of God, in Vain Swearing, 
 <fcc., Lon., 1721, 8vo. An excellent theme. No profane 
 swearer should be tolerated in civilized, to say nothing of 
 Christian, society. 
 
 Chappelow, Leonard, 1683-1768, was educated at 
 St. John's College, Cambridge; Fellow, 1717; succeeded 
 Simon Ockley as Arabic Professor at Cambridge, 1720. 
 He was presented with, the livings of Great and Little 
 Hormead, Hertfordshire. An edit, of Spencer's De Legi- 
 bus Hebraeorum Ritualibus, 1727, 2 vols. fol. Elementa 
 Linguae Arabicse, &c., 1730, 8vo. The Traveller; an 
 Arabic Poem, Ac., 1758, 4to. Two Sermons by Bishop 
 Bull, Ac., (v. BULL,) 1765, 8vo. Six Assemblies, 1767, 8vo. 
 A Commentary on the Book of Job, with the Hebrew text, 
 English trans., and Paraphrase, Camb., 1752, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 " Chappelow is a disciple of Schulten's, to whose learned work 
 he is indebted for much of his criticism. He thinks the book of 
 Job was originally composed in Arabic by Job himself, and after 
 wards translated into Hebrew, and digested into its present form 
 by one of that nation." ORME. 
 
 Chappelow largely promoted the study of Oriental Litera 
 ture in England. See Lon. Monthly Review, 0. S., vol. vii. 
 
 Chappie, William, d. 1781, compiled a History of 
 Exeter, pub. 1714, 2 vols. A Review of part of Risdon's 
 Hist, of Devon, Exeter, 1785, 4to. He contributed to the 
 Gent. Mag. and the Lady's Diary. 
 
 Chardin, Sir John, 1643-1713, a celebrated traveller, 
 a native of Paris, lived many years in England, where he 
 died. He was knighted by Charles II. The last edit, of 
 his travels was pub. by M. L. Langles, Paris, 1811, 10 vols. 
 8vo, with an imp. fol. atlas. His travels through Persia 
 will be found in vol. ii. of Harris's Collection, and extracts 
 from them in vol. ix. of Pinkerton's Collection. In Banner's 
 Observations on divers passages of Scripture, &c., 1764, 
 and 1776, are incorporated many of Sir John's MS. notes. 
 The lover of Travels should secure when possible that de 
 lightful folio The Travels of Sir John Chardin into Persia 
 and the East Indies, <fcc., Lon., 1686 which is, says an emi 
 nent authority, 
 
 " The best account of Mahomedan nations ever published." 
 SIR WILLIAM JONES. 
 
 " The faculty of seizing, by a rapid and comprehensive glance, 
 the character of a country and people, was possessed in the highest 
 degree by Chardin, and secures him an undisputed supremacy in 
 that department of literature." SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH. 
 
 " Ce voyage est un des plus interessants que Ton ait publics dans 
 le siecle dernier." BRUNET : Manuel du Libraireetde V Amateur de 
 Livres Voyez Bibliotheque Universelle des Voyages, par G. Boucher 
 de la Richarderie, iv. 450, Paris, 1808. 
 
 There is a monument in Westminster Abbey, to the me 
 mory of Sir John Chardin, with only this inscription 
 
 "NOMEN SIBI FECIT ECNDO." 
 
 Chardon, or Charldon, John, D.D., educated at 
 Exeter College, Oxford, was consecrated Bishop of Down 
 and Connor in 1596. Serms. pub. at Lon. and Oxf., 1580, 
 '86, '87, '95. 
 
 " A noted preacher, and wonderfully followed for his edifying 
 sermons." Atfien. Oxon. 
 
 Charfy, J. Fisherman ; or the Art of Angling made 
 Easy, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 " Of no value." LOWNDES. 
 
CHA 
 
 CHA 
 
 Charier, B., D.D. Serm., Lon., 1606, 4to. 
 Charke, Charlotte, d. 1760, was the youngest daugh 
 ter of Colley Cibber. She separated from her worthless 
 husband, Richard Charke, and appeared on the stage. Her 
 unhappy temper led to a separation from Fleetwood, the 
 manager of Drury Lane Theatre, and she ridiculed him in 
 a dramatic piece entitled the Art of Management, or Tra 
 gedy expelled, Lon., 1735, 8vo. It is said that Fleetwood 
 purchased and destroyed nearly the whole of this impres 
 sion. The Lover's Treat; or Unnatural Hatred, Lon., 8vo. 
 The Hist, of Henry Dumont, &c. In 1785 she pub. a Nar 
 rative of her own Life, which presents a sad picture of im 
 petuosity, recklessness, and distress. 
 
 Charke, Ezechiel. Theolog. treatises, 1659, 4to. 
 Charke, William, a Puritan divine, Fellow of Peter 
 House, Cambridge, in 1572, and expelled. Answer to a 
 pamphlet by a Jesuit, Lon., 1580, 8vo. Other theolog. trea 
 tises, 1580, '81, 8vo. 
 
 Charldon, John, D.D. See CHARDON. 
 Charlemont, James Caulfield, Earl of, 1728- 
 1799, a distinguished Irish nobleman, left an unpublished 
 history of Italian poetry from Dante to Metastasio. Some 
 of his letters, with others addressed to Henry Flood, were 
 pub. in 1820, 4to. 
 
 Charles I., King of England, b. Nov. 9, 1600, 
 executed Jan. 30, 1649. Two years after the death of the 
 king appeared Reliquiae Sacrse Carolinae ; or, The Works 
 of that Great Monarch and Glorious Martyr, King Charles 
 the First, both Civil and Sacred, printed by Sam. Brown, 
 at the Hague, 1651, Svo. The Books, Speeches, Letters, Ac. 
 of Charles I. were pub. Lon., 1661, 12mo; and the Works 
 of King Charles the Martyr, with a Collection of Declara 
 tions, Treatises, and other Papers, <fcc., appeared in 1664, 
 2 vols. fol. Bibliotheca Regia, bearing date 1689, Svo. 
 
 Horace Walpole considers that the greater part of the 
 above papers were the composition of his majesty, but 
 Isaac Reed, an abler critic, divides the Letters, Declara 
 tions, and Messages between Lord Clarendon, Lord Falk 
 land, and Sir John Colpepper. Indeed, it is impossible 
 to decide, of the numerous collections and separate papers 
 pub. in this volume, what the king did or did not write. 
 A copious list of these publications will be found in Watt's 
 Bib. Brit. The literary ability of the king is beyond 
 question. See GAUDEN, JOHN. He did not confine him 
 self to prose. The elegy written at Carisbrook Castle is 
 not devoid of merit, and an English version (Lon. 1655, 
 Svo) of Bishop Saunderson's Lectures de Juramenti pro- 
 missorii Obligatione affords us a specimen of his majesty's 
 skill as a translator. Whether meritorious or otherwise, 
 the king was not afraid to submit it to the criticism of 
 Bishop Juxon, Dr. Hammond, and Mr. Thomas Herbert. 
 
 But the most interesting literary question connected with 
 Charles I. is the authorship of ElKilN BAslAlKH. 
 
 The Pourtraicture of his sacred Majestic in his solitudes 
 and sufferings. 
 
 This work, dated 1648, was pub. by Dr. Gauden imme 
 diately after the execution of the monarch : 
 
 " Had it appeared a week sooner, it might have preserved the 
 king." MALCOLM LAING. 
 
 But Mr. Laing little knew what manner of spirit the re 
 gicides were of, when he supposed that a book or an Alex 
 andrian library of books would have been suffered to 
 stand between them and their victim ! The unlearned 
 reader must be informed that from that day to this it has 
 been a matter of vehement controversy in which many 
 great and good men have warred high in strife whether 
 Charles I. or Dr. Gauden wrote this most interesting book. 
 So great indeed was the interest which it excited, that 47 
 editions 48,000 copies were speedily absorbed at home 
 and abroad. We have already alluded to the vexed ques 
 tion of the authorship of this volume under Annesley, Ar 
 thur, Earl of Anglesey, and there referred the reader to 
 our notice of Bishop Gauden, which reference we repeat. 
 
 Charles II., King of England, 1630-1685, 
 " the only genius of the line of Stuart, was no author, unless wo 
 allow him to have composed the two simple papers found in his 
 strong box after his death. Bnt they are universally supposed to 
 have been given to him as a compendious excuse for his embracing 
 doctrines which he was too idle to examine, too thoughtless to re 
 member, and too sensible to have believed on reflection." WaJr 
 pole's R. <&N. Authors. 
 
 Charles II. may still claim a place in the roll of authors 
 on the strength of the song, 
 
 " I pass all my days in a shady old grove." 
 
 Sir John Hawkins credits it to him, and Lord Orford 
 
 does not decide against it. See Appendix to Hawkins's 
 
 History of Music, v. 477; Park Walpole's R. & N. Authors; 
 
 a list of State Papers, Letters, and Speeches, pub. under 
 
 the name of Charles LL, in Watt's Bibl. Brit 
 
 370 
 
 Charles, James Edward, "The Young Chevalier." 
 Narrative of the Chevalier, Lon., 1765, Svo. 
 
 Charles, Joseph. History of the Transactions in 
 Scotland, 1715-16, 1745-46, Sterling, 1817, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Charley Joseph. The Dispersion of the Men of 
 Babel Considered, Lon., 1769, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Charles, Richard, Surgeon. Consumption, 1788, Svo. 
 
 Charlesworth, John. Practical Serms. abridged 
 rom various authors, Newark, 1788-93, 3 vols. Svo. Serms., 
 Ac., 1788-92. 
 
 Charlet, Arthur, D.D., Master of the University of 
 Oxford. Letter relative to the death of Anthony Wood. 
 Con. to Phil. Trans., 1708. 
 
 Charleton, George. Astrologomania, or the Mad 
 ness of Astrologers, in answer to SIR C. HEYDEN, [q. v., and 
 also CHAMBERS, GEORGE,] pub. by T. Vicars, D.D., Lon., 
 1624, 4to. Theolog. treatises, 1615, '26. 
 
 Charleton, Rice, M.D. Bath Waters, 1754, '70, '75. 
 
 Charleton, or Charlton, Walter, M.D., 1619-1707 
 was educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, where he was 
 noted for his attainments in logic and philosophy. He 
 was physician to Charles I., and to Charles II. during his 
 exile and after his Restoration. In 1689 he was chosen 
 President of the College of Physicians. He wrote and 
 compiled many learned professional and other works, 
 1650-88, an account of which will be found in Athen. Oxon. 
 Among the best known of these are the following: The 
 Darkness of Atheism dispelled by the Light of Nature; a 
 Phisico-Theologicall Treatise, Lon., 1655, 4to. Epicurus 
 his Morals, collected out of Various Authors; with an 
 Apology for Epicurus, 1655, '56, '70, 4to. Chorea Gigan- 
 um ; or, The Most Famous Antiquity of Great Britain, 
 Stone-Henge, standing on Salisbury Plain, referred to 
 the Danes, 1663, 4to. 
 
 Sir William Dugdale and many other eminent antiqua 
 ries agreed with our author in depriving the Romans of 
 the credit of Stone-Henge. Inigo Jones led the other 
 side. See Biog. Brit., and Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Two Philosophical Discourses ; the first concerning the 
 Wits of Men ; the second concerning the Mystery of Vin- 
 ters, 1668, '75, '92, Svo. 
 
 " This some have thought a little below the character of our au 
 thor, and inferior to his other writings." 
 
 Yet there is much merit in the Discourse of the Wits of 
 Men. Three Anatomy Lectures Concerning, 1. The Motion 
 of the Blood through the veins and arteries. 2. The Or 
 ganic Structure of the Heart. 3. The efficient cause of 
 the Heart's pulsation, 1683, 4to. 
 
 " It was in these lectures that he clearly and effectively refuted 
 the pretence that Dr. Harvey had borrowed his doctrine of the 
 Circulation of the Blood from Father Paul of Venice." DR. CAMP 
 BELL. 
 
 Charlotte, Elizabeth. See TONNA, MRS. 
 
 Charlton, Charles. Excercitationes Pathologic, 
 Ac., Lon., 1661, 4to. 
 
 Charlton, Lionel. Hist, of Whitby Abbey, 1779, 4to. 
 
 Charlton, Mary. Novels, &c., 1797-1805. 
 
 Charlton, Judge Robert M., of Savannah, Georgia, 
 d. 1854. Poems, Boston, 1838. Poems, New York, 1843. 
 The compositions of Judge C. have been greatly admired. 
 
 Charlton, Samuel, D.D. Sermon, 1714, Svo. 
 
 Charlton, Judge Thomas, M.P., of Savannah, 
 Georgia. Reports and legal compilations, New York and 
 Savannah, 1817-38. 
 
 Charlton, Walter. See CHARLETON. 
 
 Charnock, John, 1756-1807, educated at Winchester, 
 and Merton College, Oxford. Biographia Navalis : Lives 
 and Characters of British Naval Officers, Lon., 1794-96, 
 6 vols. Svo. A History of Marine Architecture, 1800-02, 
 3 vols. 4to. This work should be studied by all interested 
 in the subject. Life of Lord Nelson, 1806. Other publi 
 cations. 
 
 Charnock, Richard. Legal Compilations, 1837-45. 
 The Police Guide, Lon., 1841, Svo. 
 
 Charnock, Stephen, 1628-1680, a celebrated Non 
 conformist divine, entered of Emanuel College, Cain- 
 bridge, removed to New College, Oxford, in 1649, and 
 obtained a Fellowship from the visitors appointed by Par 
 liament. He subsequently preached for some time in 
 Ireland. Upon the Restoration he returned to London, 
 but was unwilling to conform, and preached in private 
 assemblies of the Nonconformists. He pub. only one ser 
 mon, (in the Morning Exercises,) but after his decease two 
 vols. were pub. by Adams and Veel from his MSS., Lon., 
 1682, 'S3, fol. Works, Lon., 1815, 9 vols. Svo. 
 
 "Gaining [by his preaching] infinite love and applause from 
 the brethren, who held him to be a person of excellent parts, strong 
 reason, great judgment, and (which do not often go together) cur> 
 
CHA 
 
 CHA 
 
 cms fancy. . . . Such also as did not love his opinion did, notwith 
 standing, commend him for his learning." Athen^Oxon. 
 
 "The sublimeness, variety, and rareness of the\truths handled, 
 together with the excellence of the composure, neatness of the 
 style, and whatever is wont to make any book desirable, all concur 
 in the recommendation of it, [Charnock on the Attributes.] It is 
 not a book to be played with or slept over, but read with the most 
 intense and serious interest." ADAMS and VEEL. 
 
 " His thoughts are often in disorder ; he has no clear and dis 
 tinct idea in many of the differences he makes." DR. DODDRJDGE. 
 
 " None of the writings of Charnock are properly exegetical. and 
 yet they contain a considerable portion of scriptural interpretation 
 mixed with the most important doctrinal and practical views. His 
 style is generally chaste and easy ; remarkably free of that verbo 
 sity and clumsiness which so generally belonged to the writers of 
 his class and period. I think Doddridge scarcely does justice to 
 Charnock by representing his style as incorrect, and his thoughts 
 obscure and badly arranged. Mr. Toplady, on the contrary, eulo 
 gizes his work on the Attributes in the strongest manner." ORME 
 
 " Perspicuity and depth ; metaphysical sublimity and evangelical 
 simplicity ; immense learning, but irrefragable reasoning, conspire 
 to render this performance one of the most inestimable productions 
 that ever did honour to the sanctified judgment and genius of a 
 human being." TOPLADY. 
 
 " In Charnock you will find substantial divinity, and of the right 
 sort." Mather's Student. 
 
 " Charnock was a deep divine, rather than an eloquent writer. 
 He reasons well ; but the connecting links of his chain are too 
 much neglected. His sentences have the cast of independent pro 
 positions. Too much uniformity of style prevails, and very seldom 
 any real pathos occurs : his sentences are also defective in the collo 
 cation of the words; and often the terms are not well chosen." 
 DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 " I have not seen any author who has exceeded, probably no one 
 who has equalled, Charnock on the Existence and Attributes of 
 God." GRIFFITH WILLIAMS. 
 
 " The best practical treatise the world ever saw in English upon 
 this subject. 
 
 "Charnock's works are full of force and originality." 
 
 " Mr. Charnock with his masculine style and inexhaustible vein 
 of thought." HERVEY. 
 
 " A deep searching, often sublime, and powerful writer." BICK- 
 
 ERSTETH. 
 
 Calamy and Ryland also highly commend our author. 
 
 After giving so many critics (14) an opportunity of being 
 heard, we may perhaps be pardoned for giving our own 
 opinions : we have twice carefully studied every word of 
 the Discourses on the Attributes, and we consider the work 
 one of the greatest of uninspired compositions. We ad 
 vise the reader, if he have it not, to procure it immediately, 
 and read it through once a twelvemonth for the rest of 
 his life. 
 
 Charnock, Thomas. The Breviary of Natural Phi 
 losophy ; vide Theat. Chem. per Ashmole. His Enigmas ; ib. 
 
 Charrier, S. J. Chorographical works, 1781, &c. 
 
 Charsley, W., M.D. An Essay to investigate the 
 Cause of the general Mortality of Fevers, Lon., 1783, 8vo. 
 
 Charters, Samuel, D.D., Minister of Wilton, Scot 
 land. Serms., Edin., 1786, 2 vols. 8vo ; a new edit., Edin., 
 1816, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " There is something in all the performances of Dr. Charters that 
 forcibly reminds us of the moral essays of Lord Bacon^ The reader 
 will find in the Sermons before us a rich vein of originality and 
 just observation." Edin. Christ. Instructor. 
 
 Discourse on the duty of making a Testament. Lon., 
 1794, 8vo. 
 
 Chartham, Will. Historiola de Vita Simonis Sud- 
 bury Archiep. Cant. ; vide Angl. Sacr. per Wharton, p. 49, 
 Lon., 1691. 
 
 Chase, Heber, M.D. Professional works, Phila ' 
 1836, Ac. 
 
 Chase, P. E. Arithmetical works, Phila. 
 
 Chase, Philander, D.D., Senior Bishop of the P. 
 Episcopal Church of the United States, was born at Corn 
 ish, Connecticut, in 1775. He was abundant in labours, 
 indefatigable in zeal. Reminiscences, New York, 1844, 2 
 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Chase, Samuel. Messiah's Advent, 1815, 8vo. Anti- 
 nomianism Unmasked, 1819, 8vo. 
 
 < ; Many good thoughts. The preface by Robert Hall very strik 
 ing." BlCKERSTETJI. 
 
 Highly commended by the Lon. Christian Observer. 
 
 Chase, Stephen, 1813-1851, a native of Chester, N. 
 H. ; graduated at, and subsequently Prof, of Mathematics 
 in, Dartmouth College. A Treatise on Algebra, New York, 
 1849, 12mo. 
 
 " The terms of the science are explained with great clearness, 
 and the rules are given with much precision. The work is one of 
 undoubted merit." 
 
 Contributions to several religious journals. 
 
 Chater, James. Grammar of the Cingalese Lan 
 guage, Colombo, 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Chater, Thomas. A Poetical Tribute to Cowper, 
 1800, 8vo. 
 
 Chatfield, C. 1. View of the Hist, of the Darker 
 Ages. 2. Teutonic Antiquities, Lon., 1828, 8vo. 
 
 Chatfield, John. Triogonal Sector, Lon., 1680, 12mo. 
 Chatfield, Robert. Historical view of Hindostan, 
 Lon., 1808, 4to. 
 Chatham, Rt. Hon. William Pitt, Earl of, 
 
 1708-1778, was the second son of Robert Pitt of Boconnoc, 
 in Cornwall. After studying at Eton and Trinity Colleges, 
 Oxford, he obtained a cornetcy in the Blues. In 1736 he 
 was returned to Parliament as a member for Old Sarum. 
 Here his distinguished abilities and powers of oratory soon 
 attracted the eyes of the nation, and gained him that com 
 manding position which he occupied for so many years to 
 the glory of England and the confusion of her enemies. 
 The name of this great man belongs to political, rather 
 than to literary, history, but we must be allowed to linger 
 for a few moments upon so suggestive a theme. We have 
 already given some interesting particulars connected with 
 Chatham as an orator: see BAILEY, NATHAN; BAEROW, 
 ISAAC. The History of his Life, Lon., 1783, 8vo. Anec 
 dotes of his Life, 1792, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 " A wretched publication of Almon the bookseller a mere tissue 
 of falsehood and absurdities." LOWNDES. 
 
 Letters written to his nephew, Thomas Pitt, afterwards 
 Lord Camelford, then at Cambridge, 1804, 12mo. Twenty- 
 three in number, and containing much valuable advice. 
 The Earl's opinion of the books recommended are inte 
 resting to the student. The Letters were pub. by Lord 
 Grenville. 
 
 " What parent, anxious for the character and success of a son, 
 would not, in all that related to his education, gladly have re 
 sorted to the advice of such a man?" LORD GRENVILLE: Preface 
 to the Letters. 
 
 " Five speeches were written out from notes taken on the spot 
 by Sir Philip Francis and Mr. Hugh Boyd. One of them is said to 
 have been revised by Lord Chatham himself. ^These are the best 
 specimens we possess of his style and diction; and it would be 
 difficult, in the whole range of our literature, to find more perfect 
 models for the study and imitation of the young orator." Good- 
 rich.^ Select British Eloquence. N. York, 1852, q. v. for eighteen of 
 Chatham's Speeches, and an admirable analysis of his eloquence. 
 
 History of the Earl of Chatham, by the Rev. Francis 
 Thackeray, A.M., Lon., 1807, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 "Biographers, translators, editors all, in short, who employ 
 themselves in illustrating the lives or the writings of others, are pe 
 culiarly exposed to the Lues Boswelliana, or disease of admiration. 
 But we scarcely remember to have seen a patient so far gone in 
 this distemper as Mr. Thackeray." T. B. MACAULAY : Edinburgh 
 Review, 1834. 
 
 We must be careful to avoid the " LUES BOSWELLIANA \" 
 But in our case " there is safety in numbers." 
 
 The reader must peruse Thackeray's quartos, and not 
 neglect the following valuable work : 
 
 Chatham Papers : Correspondence ; from the original 
 MSS., Lon., 1838-40, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " There is hardly any man in modern times, with the exception, 
 perhaps, of Lord Somers, who fills so large a space in our history, 
 and of whom we know so little, as Lord Chatham ; and yet he is 
 the person to whom every one would at once point, if desired to 
 name the greatest statesman and orator that this country ever 
 produced. We regard this work, then, as one of the greatest 
 value: and hold the editors (of whom his great-grandson and per 
 sonal representative is one) to have rendered a great service to the 
 memory of their illustrious ancestor, and to the public interests, 
 by determining to keep back no part of the precious documents 
 intrusted to their care." Edin. Review. 
 
 " Never did history offer more instructive lessons for present 
 guidance than are contained in this Correspondence." ion. Lite 
 rary Gazette,. 
 
 " Lord Chatham was the most powerful orator that ever illus 
 trated and ruled the senate of this empire. For nearly half a cen 
 tury he was not merely the arbiter of the destinies of his own 
 country, but ' the foremost man in all the world.' " Lon. Quarterly 
 Review. 
 
 " Sir, the venerable age of this great man, his merited rank, his 
 superior eloquence, his splendid qualities, his eminent services, 
 the vast space he fills in the eyes of mankind, and, more than all 
 the rest, his fall from power, which, like death, canonizes and sanc 
 tifies a great character, will not suffer me to censure any part of 
 his conduct. I am afraid to flatter him ; I am sure I am not dis 
 posed to blame him. Let those who have betrayed him by their 
 adulation insult him with their malevolence." EDMUND BURKE: 
 Speech on American Taxation, April 19, 1774. 
 
 "Upon the whole, there was in this man something that could 
 create, subvert, or reform ; an understanding, a spirit, and an elo- 
 
 ;uence to summon mankind to society, or to break the bonds of 
 avery asunder, and to rule the wilderness of free minds with un 
 bounded authority; something that could establish or overwhelm 
 empire, and strike a blow in the world that should resound 
 through its history." GRATTAN. 
 
 Chatterton, JLady. Rambles in the South of Ireland, 
 Lon., 1838, 2 vols. 8vo. The Pyrenees, <fcc., 1843, 2 vola. 
 3vo. Home Sketches* and Foreign Recollections, 1841, 
 3 vols. 8vo : see Dubl. Univ. Mag., xviii. 12. Good Match; 
 a Novel, 1839, 3 vols. 8vo. Lost Happiness, 1845. Life 
 and its Realities, 1857. The Reigning Beauty, 1858. 
 
 Chatterton, Thomas, 1752-1780, a native of Bris 
 tol, was the posthumous son of a schoolmaster. His an 
 cestors had long held the office of sexton of St. Mary 
 
 371 
 
CHA 
 
 CHA 
 
 Redcliflfe, and it was in the muniment room of this church 
 that he found the materials which he converted to the pur 
 poses of imposture. He was so much indisposed to appli 
 cation, that efforts to teach him the alphabet were aban 
 doned as hopeless, and he was sent home to his mother. 
 When eight years of age the illuminated capitals of an 
 old French Musical MS. attracted his attention, and his 
 mother taught him to read from a Black-Letter Testament 
 or Bible. So early did he display a fondness for antiquity ! 
 He was then admitted to Colston's charity school, where 
 he remained until he had passed his 14th year. He was 
 now apprenticed to a scrivener of Bristol, where he had 
 but little employment, and most of his time was devoted 
 to the perusal of works on antiquities, heraldry, and 
 foetry, not neglecting history and divinity. Before his 
 12th year he had produced some poetry, which evinced 
 *onsiderable talent. In 1768, when the New Bridge at 
 Bristol was opened, a paper appeared in Farley's Bristol 
 Journal, entitled " A Description of the Fryers first pass 
 ing over the Old Bridge, taken from an Ancient Manu 
 script." This excited much attention, and was traced to 
 Chatterton, who declared that this paper and many other 
 MSS. had been found by his father in an old iron chest in 
 the muniment room of the Church of St. Mary Redcliflfe. 
 He now distributed MSS. according to the tastes of those 
 to whom he sent them. A citizen addicted to Heraldry 
 was presented with a pedigree which carried his name up 
 to the Conquest ; a religious gentleman was favoured with a 
 fragment of a sermon, and Mr. Burgum, an advocate of 
 the authenticity of the MSS., was rewarded by a poem en 
 titled The Romaunt of the Cnyghte, written by John de 
 Bergham, an ancestor, about four hundred and fifty years 
 before ! The principal part of these MSS. Chatterton dis 
 covered he said to be the poetical compositions of W. 
 Canynge (a distinguished merchant of Bristol in the 15th 
 century) and his friend, Thomas Rowley, a monk or secu 
 lar priest. Chatterton was emboldened by his success 
 with Barret, a surgeon, then writing a History of Bristol, 
 Catcott, and others, to try his imposture upon Horace Wai- 
 pole, who had sometime before completed his Anecdotes 
 of Painters. He proposed (by letter) to furnish him with j 
 accounts of a series of great painters who had flourished | 
 at Bristol, and transmitted specimens of the ancient poetry. 
 Mr. Walpole submitted these to Gray and Mason, who im 
 mediately declared them to be forgeries. Walpole advised 
 his correspondent to devote himself to the duties of his 
 profession in future. The poems were returned at Chat- 
 terton's request, and he was very indignant at his adviser. 
 Walpole has been greatly, and, as we think, most unjustly, 
 blamed for his conduct in this affair. He drew up a state 
 ment of the facts which should satisfy the most captious. 
 In April, 1770, having previously sent some antiquarian 
 contributions to the Town and Country Magazine, Chatter- 
 ton arrived in London, and sought literary employment. 
 The young author but seventeen years of age was 
 greatly encouraged by some engagements with which he 
 was favoured by the booksellers, and sent home cheering 
 letters, accompanied with presents, to his mother and 
 sister. In a short time, however, this happy frame of 
 mind vanished : he became despondent, seems to have lost 
 all hopes of prosperity, and was found dead in his bed, 
 August 25, (four months after his arrival in London,) from 
 the effects as was supposed of a dose of arsenic. There j 
 has been much controversy wasted respecting the causes ; 
 which led to this sad event The oft-repeated complaint 
 that he was suffered to perish from want of the necessaries 
 of life, is altogether erroneous. It is true that he had not 
 aten any thing for two or three days before his death ; 
 but it is also true that he refused with indignation Mrs. 
 Angel's (his landlady) invitation to participate in her 
 dinner, declaring that he was not hungry ; and it is also 
 true that Mr. Hamilton supplied him with money a short 
 time before his rash act, and invited him to apply to him 
 when again in need. The solution of the mystery attend- 
 s melancholy end is to us very plain : if any man 
 was ever insane, Thomas Chatterton was. If any one 
 doubt this, let him read his Last Will and Testament, 
 penned before he left Bristol. We might say more upon 
 this subject, but our limits forbid excursions. That in 
 sanity was in the family developed in his own sister in 
 deedis no secret. At the time of Chatterton's death he 
 was aged 17 years, 9 months, and a few days. 
 
 Of these celebrated Poems the principal are The Tra 
 gedy of Ella, The Execution of Sir Charles Bawdin Ode 
 to Ella, The Battle of Hastings, The Tournament, One or 
 Two Dialogues, and a Description of Cannynge's Feast. 
 See a notice of these in Warton's History of English 
 372 
 
 Poetry. They were pub. by Thomas Tyrwhitt, in 1777, 
 8vo, and an animated controversy as to their authenticity 
 sprang up and raged for a long period. See list of publi 
 cations in Lowndes's Bibl. Manual, and the dissertations 
 of Warton, Campbell, Mathias, Gregory, Southey, &c. A 
 second edit., 8vo, appeared in the same year, (1777 :) the 
 3d, in 1778, 8vo; and a splendid 4to in 1782, with a Com 
 mentary, in which the Antiquity of them is considered 
 and defended, by Jeremiah Milles, D.D. A more complete 
 edit, was pub. in 1803, 3 vols. 8vo, edited by Southey and 
 Cottle, (with a review by the former of the Rowley Con 
 troversy,) and a Life by Gregory. Another edit, of Chat 
 terton's works was pub. by H. G. Bohn, in 1842, 2 vols. 
 p. 8vo, containing a Life, the Controversy, <fcc. To these 
 volumes the reader should add the Life of Chatterton by 
 John DSx, author of Lays of Home, Local Legends, <fcc., 
 Lon., 1837, fp. Svo; new ed. 1851. This volume contains 
 the poet's unpublished Poems and Correspondence. 
 
 " Mr. Dix has most consistently come forward as the biographer 
 of Chatterton. Himself a poet, he has successfully endeavoured 
 to renew an interest in the fate of one of England's greatest, 
 though most unfortunate, bards." Lon. Literary Gazette.. 
 
 '"This volume contains all that can be desired to be known re 
 specting Chatterton.'' Lon. Eclectic ./.'mew. 
 
 " Mr. Dix has. in addition to what was before known, gathered 
 up ' all the fragments.' Ilis biography is heart-touching." LEIGH 
 
 " The best Life of Chatterton." Tfie Symposium. 
 
 The genius of Chatterton was of the very first order, and 
 under the guidance of sound principles, and a well-regulated 
 mind, would have added greatly to the poetical treasures 
 so rich and so abundant of the English tongue. 
 
 "This youth was a prodigy of genius; and would have proved 
 the first of English poets had he reached a mature age." THOMAS 
 WARTON. 
 
 ' Chatterton's was a genius like that of Homer and Shakspeare, 
 which appears not above once in many centuries." VICESIMUS 
 KNOX. 
 
 " The inequality of Chatterton's various productions may be 
 compared to the disproportions of the ungrown giant. His works 
 had nothing of the definite neatness of that precocious talent 
 which stops short in early maturity. His thirst for knowledge 
 was that of a being taught by instinct to lay up materials for the 
 exercise of great and undeveloped powers. ... No English poet 
 ever equalled him at the same age. Tasso alone can be compared 
 to him as a juvenile prodigy." THOMAS CAMPBELL. 
 
 "The poems of Chatterton may be divided into two grand 
 classes those ascribed to Kowley, and those which the bard of 
 Bristol avowed to be his own composition. Of these classes the 
 former is incalculably superior to the latter in poetical powers 
 and diction." SIR WALTER SCOTT. 
 
 " Nothing in Chatterton can be separated from Chatterton. His 
 noblest flight, bis sweetest strains, his grossest ribaldry, and his 
 most common-place imitations of the productions of magazines, 
 were all the effervescences of the same ungovernable impulse, 
 which, chameleon-like, imbibed the colours of all it looked on. It 
 was Ossian, or a Saxon monk, or Gray, or Smollett, or Junius; 
 and if it failed most in what it most affected to be. a poet of the 
 fifteenth century, it was because it could not imitate what had 
 not existed." HORACE WALPOLE. 
 
 Warton well sums up the question of the authenticity 
 of the Rowley poems by demonstrating that 
 
 " However extraordinary it was for Chatterton to produce them 
 in the 18th century, it was impossible that Kowley could have 
 written them in the fifteenth." 
 
 He also remarks : 
 
 " It will be asked, For what end or purpose did he contrive such 
 an imposture? I answer, from lucrative views; or perhaps from 
 the pleasure of deceiving the world, a motive which, in many 
 minds, operates more powerfully than the hopes of gain. He pro 
 bably promised to himself greater emoluments from this indirect 
 mode of exercising his abilities: or he might have sacrificed even 
 the vanity of appearing in the character of an applauded original 
 author, to the private enjoyment of the success of his invention 
 and dexterity." History of English Poetry. 
 
 " Nothing can be more extraordinary than the delight which 
 Chatterton appears to have felt in executing these numberless 
 and multifarious impositions. His ruling passion was not the 
 vanity of a poet who depends upon the opinion of others for its 
 gratification, but the stoical pride of talent, which felt nourish 
 ment in the solitary contemplation of superiority over the dupes 
 who fell into his toils." SIR WALTER SCOTT. 
 
 As the Rowley controversy was one of the most interest 
 ing and animated in the History of English Literature, we 
 present (from the St. James's Chronicle of the time) a list 
 of the partisans on each side. This will correct the mis 
 apprehension that on their first publication the forgeries 
 of Chatterton enlisted many advocates. 
 
 Indeed, considering the philological obstruction to cre 
 dence, it is not a little remarkable that such scholars as 
 Jacob Bryant and Dean Milles could allow themselves 
 to be so grossly deceived, even for an instant. That when 
 once committed, they should perversely adhere to their 
 judgment, and refuse to encourage any doubts suggested 
 by the skeptical, is most natural. To be strictly impartial 
 in judgment, especially where personal reputation is at 
 stake, hardly belongs to man. 
 
CHA 
 
 Rowleians. 
 JACOB BRYANT, 
 DEAN MILLES, 
 DR. GLYNN, 
 MR. HENLEY, 
 MONTHLY REVIEW, WHILE 
 
 UNDER LANGHORN, 
 E. B. GKEENB. 
 
 Anti-Rowleiane. 
 MR. TYRWHITT, 
 HORACE WALPOLE, 
 DR. WARTON, 
 MR. THOMAS WARTON, 
 DR. JOHNSON, 
 MR. STEEVENS, 
 BISHOP PERCY, 
 EDMUND MALONE, 
 EDWARD GIBBON, 
 MR. JONES, 
 DR. FARMER, 
 MR. COLMAN, 
 MR. SHERIDAN, 
 DR. LORT, 
 MR. ASTLE, 
 MR. CROFT, 
 MR. HAYLEY, 
 LORD CAMDEN, 
 MR. GOUGH, 
 MR. MASON, 
 MR. KNOX, 
 MR. BADCOCK, 
 CRITICAL REVIEW, 
 GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE. 
 "I thought of CHATTERTON, the marvellous boy, 
 The sleepless soul that perished in his pride!" 
 
 WORDSWORTH. 
 
 Chatto, Wm. Andrew. A Treatise on Wood En 
 graving, Historical and Practical, with upwards of 300 il 
 lustrations on wood, by John Jackson, Lon., 1839, r. 8vo ; 
 and 1849. Facts and Speculations on the Origin and His 
 tory of Playing Cards, with numerous engravings from 
 copper, stone, and wood, both plain and coloured, 1848, 
 8vo. 
 
 " A perfect fund of antiquarian research, and most interesting 
 even to persons who never play at cards." Taiffs Edinburgh 
 Magazine. 
 
 " The e-ntire production deserves our warmest approbation." 
 Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 " A curious, entertaining, and really learned book." London 
 Rambler. 
 
 Chaucer, Geoffrey, 1328P-1400, "The Father of 
 English Poetry," was a native of London. His parentage 
 and early life are involved in great obscurity, and the 
 honour of his education is claimed by both Universities : 
 therefore as an amicable adjustment of the controversy, 
 an ingenious theory presumes him to have resided al 
 ternately at Oxford and Cambridge. Chaucer was a great 
 favourite at the court of Edward III., and a devoted ad 
 herent to the celebrated John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, 
 whose sister-in-law, (she became so subsequently,) Phi- 
 lippa de Rouet, accepted the offer of his hand. By this 
 connexion the poet became linked with the good or ill for 
 tune which might attach to greatness. Even this generally 
 received narrative has been doubted by some critics. It 
 will however be easily believed that in this season of court 
 ship he composed The Parliament of Birds. In 1356 we 
 find Chaucer bearing arms in the expedition of Edward III. 
 against France. For some time he was held as a prisoner 
 of war by the enemy. In 1367 he was allowed an annual 
 pension of twenty marks, (say 240,) and in 1373 was em 
 ployed in an embassy to Genoa on affairs of State. A year, 
 later than this he was appointed comptroller of the customs 
 of wool, <&c. It was during this visit to Italy (he had be 
 fore travelled on the Continent) that he enjoyed some de 
 lightful converse with Petrarch, to which he alludes in the 
 Prologue to the Clerke's Tale : 
 
 " I wol you tell a tale, which that I 
 Learned at Padowe of a worthy clerk, 
 As preved by his wordes and his werk; 
 Fraunceis Petrark, the laureat poete, 
 Highte this clerk whos rhetorike swete 
 Enlumined all Itaille of poetrie, 
 As Lynyan did of philosophic," &c. 
 
 Mr. Tyrwhitt is inclined to doubt this meeting of the 
 poets, but De Sade promised to prove its occurrence. He 
 died before he had fulfilled his pledge. Four years before 
 this acquaintance, Chaucer had added to the evidences of 
 his own poetical talents by the lament for the death of 
 Blanche, Duchess of Lancaster, entitled The Booke of the 
 Dutchesse. In the early part of the reign of Richard II. 
 our poet became involved in the political and religious 
 troubles of the day, espousing the cause of John Comber- 
 ton, (John de Northampton,) a warm champion of the doc 
 trines of Wickliffe. Comberton was imprisoned, while 
 Chaucer escaped the same fate by a precipitate flight to the 
 Continent. Of course he lost his place in the customs. 
 He was so imprudent as to return to London in a short 
 period; was committed to the Tower, and only released by 
 
 CHA 
 
 disclosing the names and projects of his late associates. 
 For this breach of confidence, he subsequently experienced 
 great remorse, and composed his Testament of Love, in 
 which he complains of the change of his fortunes, and of 
 the disgrace in which his conduct had involved him. 
 
 In 1386 he was elected Knight of the Shire for Kent, 
 and the rise of his fortunes was accelerated by the return 
 of the Duke of Lancaster from Spain in 1389. In this 
 year the poet was made clerk of the works at Westminster, 
 and in the next year at Windsor and other palaces. Other 
 
 E roofs of regard were bestowed by the king, (and also by 
 is successor Henry IV., son of his patron, the Duke of 
 Lancaster,) and with his annual pipe of wine and his hand 
 some pension, the poet felt himself sufficiently at ease to 
 compose those famous Canterbury Tales which will carry 
 his name to the remotest posterity. His experience of the 
 world had taught him the value of retirement, and it does 
 not appear that the prosperity of the grea.t House to which 
 he had ever been a devoted adherent induced him to ex 
 change the quietude of his rural walks and meditations for 
 the splendour and excitements of a brilliant Court. The 
 necessity of arranging some business concerns drew him 
 to London for a few days, where fatigue brought on an ill 
 ness with which his advanced age was unable to cope. 
 
 " He was buried in the Abbey of Westminster before the chapel 
 of St. Bennet; by whose sepulchre is written on a table hanging 
 on a pillar his epitaph made by a poet laureate." CAXTOX, in hit 
 edit, of Chaucer's trans, of Boethius. 
 
 Chaucer was a voluminous writer. In addition to his 
 minor poems, and his prose compositions, of which the 
 Testament of Love and two of the Canterbury Tales are 
 the principal, he was the author of the following poetical 
 works : 
 
 1. THE CANTERBURY TALES, extending to above 17,000 
 
 lines,(exclusive of the doubtful portion and the prose.) 
 
 2. THE ROMAUNT OP THE ROSE, a translation from the 
 
 French of William de Lorris; and of a portion of 
 Meun's continuation, of which there are nearly 8,000 
 lines. 
 
 3. TROILUS AND CRESEIDE, 5 Books. 
 
 4. THE COURT OF LOVE. 
 
 5. THE COMPLAINT OF PITIE. 
 
 6. OF QUEEN ARMELIDE AND FALSE ARCITE. 
 
 7. THE ASSEMBLY OF FOULES. 
 
 8. THE COMPLAINT OF THE BLACK NIGHT. 
 
 9. CHAUCER'S A. B. C. 
 
 10. THE BOOKE OF THE DUTCHESSE. 
 
 11. THE HOUSE OF FAME, 3 Books. 
 
 12. CHAUCER'S DREAM. 
 
 13. THE FLOWER AND THE LEAF. 
 
 14. THE LEGEND OF GOOD WOMEN, 9 Examples. 
 
 15. THE COMPLAINT OF MARS AND VENUS. 
 
 16. OF THE CUCKOW AND THE NIGHTINGALE. 
 
 Of these compositions the Canterbury Tales is much the 
 best known. The plot is doubtless taken from the Deca 
 meron of Boccaccio. A company of pilgrims, twenty-nine 
 in number, on their way to the shrine of Thomas a Becket, 
 at Canterbury, pass the night at the Tabard Inn at South- 
 wark, where they make the acquaintance of our poet, the 
 narrator, who promised to bear them company, their des 
 tination being the same as his own : 
 
 Befelle, that in that season on a day, 
 In Southwark at the Tabard as I lay, 
 P.edy to wenden on my pilgrimage 
 To Canterbury with devoute corage, 
 At night was come into that hostelrfe 
 Wei nine and twenty in a compagnie 
 Of sundry folk. . . . 
 
 And shortly, when the sun was gon to reste, 
 So hadde I spoken with hem everich on, 
 That I was of hir felawship anon 
 And made forword early for to rise, 
 To take oure way ther as I you devise." 
 The Host of the Tabard offers to accompany the party, 
 and suggests to them that they should divert each other 
 with entertaining stories, and that on their return, 
 " Which of you that bereth him best of alle, 
 That is to'syan, that telleth in this cas 
 Tales of best sentence and most solas, 
 Shal have a souper at youre aller cost." 
 
 The proposition was joyfully accepted, the tales were 
 told ; and truly, however much there may have been of 
 pilgrimage, there was but little of penance, in that merry 
 journeying! About seventy-five years after the death of 
 this great poet, Caxton, the first English printer, pub. The 
 Book of the Tales of Cauntyrburye, without date; sup 
 posed to have been printed about 1475. Only two perfect 
 copies of this edition are known, one in the Library of 
 George III. in the British Museum ; the other in Merton 
 College. The first edition of the entire works of Chaucei 
 
 373 
 
CHA 
 
 CHA 
 
 (with the exception of the Ploughman's Tale, which was 
 first printed in the edition of 1542) was pub. by Thomas 
 Godfrey, Lon., 1532, fol. See particulars of early editions 
 in Dibdin's Typographical Antiquities, and Lowndes's Bibl. 
 Manual. The edit, of 1721, fol., has a Glossary and a Life 
 by Urry. By far the best edition of the Canterbury Tales 
 is by Thomas Tyrwhitt, who prefixed to them an Essay on 
 Chaucer's Language and Versification, and an Introductory 
 Discourse, which, with the learned Notes and Glossary, add 
 much to the value of the work. Tyrwhitt's first edit, was 
 pub. Lon., 1775, '78, 5 vols. 8vo; 2d edit., Oxf., 1798, 2 vols. 
 4to. In the impression of 1822 the Glossary is under an 
 alphabet, and the general arrangement is improved. . The 
 reader should procure Mr. Moxon's beautiful edit, of the 
 Poetical Works of Chaucer, (which includes Tyrwhitt's 
 Essay, Ac.,) last impression 1852, r. 8vo. The following 
 works should not be neglected : 
 
 Todd's Illustrations of the Lives and Writings of Gower 
 and Chaucer, Lon., 1810, 8vo. 
 
 " A curious work, displaying great industry of investigation. 
 Mr. Todd's researches into English literature have been equalled 
 by few of our lexicographers or commentators." 
 
 Godwin's Life of Chaucer, Lon., 1803, 2 vols. 4to. 
 " Considerable praise is due to Mr. Godwin for the comments on 
 the works of our bard, which occur in these volumes." Edin. Rev. 
 An 8vo vol. entitled Chaucer's Poems Modernized, by 
 Wordsworth, R. H. Home, Leigh Hunt, and others, has 
 been highly commended, and an English critic declares that 
 " Too much applause cannot be bestowed upon the projection and 
 execution of this design." 
 
 But we confess that we have no taste for these rehashes 
 of ancient delicacies. Their tendency is to increase read 
 ing at the expense of knowledge. What will a reader of a 
 modern Chaucer know of glorious old " Geffary Chaucer," 
 who wrote "dyuers Workes which were neuer in Print be 
 fore?" See Godfrey's edition; the first, 1532, fol. 
 
 If any man or woman will not take the trifling trouble 
 which is necessary to understand Chaucer's antique ortho 
 graphy, let them be ignorant. The last " Minerva" novel 
 will prove metal more attractive to such painstaking "stu 
 dents of English Literature." 
 
 Mr. Saunders pub. a vol. in 1845, entitled Chaucer's Can 
 terbury Tales Explained, and rendered more intelligible 
 with the help of modern prose. This work treats of Gaelic 
 construction, and other matters connected with antique 
 spelling. Charles Cowden Clarke has given to the world 
 Tales from Chaucer in prose, in imitation of Lamb's Tales 
 from Shakspeare; also a vol. entitled The Riches of Chau 
 cer, 1839, 8vo. There is also a Life by Singer, and one by 
 Nicolas. 
 
 It will be proper to gratify the reader with some quota 
 tions from ancient and modern critics referring to the merits 
 of the Father of English Poetry: 
 " And upon hys imaginacyon 
 He made also the Tales of Canterbury, 
 Some vertuous, and some glad and merry, 
 And many other bokes, doubtless, 
 He dyd compyle, whose godly name 
 In printed bokes doth remayne in feme." 
 
 HAWES: Pastime of Pleasure, c. 14. 
 " Yet what a time hath he wrested from time, 
 And won upon the mightie waste of daies, 
 Unto the immortal honour of our clime, 
 That by his means came first adorned with bayes: 
 Unto the sacred relickes of whose rime 
 We yet are bound in zeal to offer praise." 
 
 DANIEL: Musophilus. 
 
 The usual titles by which Chaucer was complimented by 
 his contemporaries were "The Chief Poete of Britanie," 
 " The Flour of Poetes," Ac. 
 
 " Maister Chaucer, that nobly enterprysed 
 How that our englysshe myght fresshly be enued." 
 
 SKELTON : Garlande of Laurelle. 
 
 " So wise a man as our Chaucer is esteemed." MILTON. 
 Among the warmest admirers of Chaucer in earlier days 
 may be mentioned Gawin Douglass, Bishop of Dunkeld, 
 Caxton, William Botteville, Leland, the great antiquary 
 who honoured his memory with three copies of verses; 
 Roger Ascham, Sir Philip Sydney, Speght, Stowe, John 
 Fox, Camden, Sir Henry Savile, the illustrious Selden, Sir 
 Francis Kynaston, Ac. In his close imitation of Chaucer 
 in his Temple of Fame, Pope has paid him the highest of 
 compliments. The learned Dr. Skinner complains that 
 
 " The poet Chaucer set the worst example, who by bringing whole 
 ihoals of French words into our language, which was but too much 
 adulterated before, through the effects of the Norman Conquest ' 
 deprived it almost wholly of its native grace and splendour laying i 
 on paint over its pure complexion, and, for a beautiful face, substi- i 
 tuted a downright mask." Trans, from Vie Latin original. See 
 Biog. Brit. 
 
 This charge is summarily disposed of by Mr. Tyrwhitt 
 in his Essay on the Language and Versification of Chaucer : 
 
 " I cannot help observing from a contemporary Historian, that, 
 several years before that great event, [the Isorman Conquest.] the 
 language of France had been introduced into the Court of England, 
 and from thence among the people." 
 
 After proceeding with an exposition of this statement, 
 Mr. Tyrwhitt remarks : 
 
 "From what has been said I think we may fairly conclude, that 
 the English language must have imbibed a strong tincture of the 
 French, long before the age of Chaucer, and consequently that he 
 ought not to be charged as the importer of words and phrases 
 which he only used after the example of his predecessors, and in 
 common with his contemporaries. This was the real fact, and is 
 capable of being demonstrated to any one, who will take the trouble 
 of comparing the writings of Chaucer with those of liobert of 
 Gloucester and Kobert of Brunne who both lived before him, and 
 with those of Sir John Mandeville and Wicliff who lived at the 
 same time with him." 
 
 The censures of Verstegan and Skinner are thus rebuked. 
 Mr. Tyrwhitt also contends that the verse in which the 
 Canterbury Tales are written, although apparently irregu 
 lar, is in fact as correctly rhythmical as the verse now used. 
 We do not now pronounce the final e in many words in 
 which it was sounded in Chaucer's time. This of itself is 
 an important item in the consideration how far Chaucer is 
 to be censured for irregularities in rhythm. The following 
 remarks of Mr. Tyrwhitt are entitled to great weight : 
 
 "In discussing this question we should always have in mind, 
 that the correctness and harmony of an English verse depends en 
 tirely upon its being composed of a certain number of syllables, 
 and its having the accents of those syllables properly placed. In 
 order, therefore, to form any judgment of the Versification of 
 Chaucer, it is necessary that we should know the syllabical value, 
 if I may use the expression, of his words, and the accentual value 
 of his syllables, as they were commonly pronounced in his time; 
 for without that knowledge, it is not more probable that we should 
 determine justly upon the exactness of bis metres, than that we 
 should be able to cast up rightly an account stated in coins of a 
 former age, of whose correct rate and determination we are totally 
 ignorant.*" 
 
 We commend these observations to some of our modern 
 index-critics. 
 
 Dryden's comment is perfectly correct: 
 
 " The verse of Chaucer, I confess is not harmonious to us; they 
 who lived with him, and some time after him, thought it musi 
 cal, &c." 
 
 And the reason is perfectly obvious; but we do not won 
 der that Dryden refused to believe all that Speght claimed 
 for Chaucer's versification. Mr. Tyrwhitt's theory (which 
 was that of Gray, also) was generally concurred in until 
 the appearance of Dr. Nott's edition of the poems of Sur 
 rey and Wyatt. Many considered that Doctor N. had de 
 monstrated the arguments of the former to be erroneous. 
 But we have already lingered sufficiently long upon a 
 hydra-headed subject, and the reader must pursue the in 
 vestigation by a reference to the authorities cited, and to 
 Mr. Hallam's Literary History of Europe. Mr. Warton's 
 illustrations in the following lines are well worthy of quo 
 tation : 
 
 "I consider Chaucer as a genial day in an English spring. A 
 brilliant sun enlivens the face of nature with an unusual lustre: 
 the sudden appearance of cloudless skies, and the unexpected 
 warmth of a tepid atmosphere, after the gloom and the inclemencies 
 of a tedious winter, fill our hearts with the visionary prospect of a 
 speedy summer; and we fondly anticipate a long continuance of 
 gentle gales and vernal serenity. But winter returns with redou 
 bled horrors: the clouds condense more formidably than before; 
 and those tender buds and early blossoms, which were called forth 
 by the transient gleam of a temporary sunshine, are nipped by frosts, 
 and torn by tempests." THOS. WARTON: History of Eng. Poetry. 
 
 Dr. Joseph Warton, in his Essay on the Writings and 
 Genius of Pope, remarks that Chaucer excels as much in 
 the pathetic and sublime as he does in his manner of treat 
 ing light and ridiculous subjects. 
 
 " I take unceasing delight in Chaucer. His manly cheerfulness 
 is especially delicious to me in my old age. How exquisitely ten 
 der he is, yet how perfectly free from the least touch of sickly 
 melancholy, or morbid drooping." S. T. COLERIDGE; and see Hip- 
 pisley's Early English Literature. 
 
 Mr. Campbell concludes his essay upon Chaucer with a 
 remark which the admirer of the poet will fully confirm : 
 
 " After four hundred years have closed over the mirthful features 
 which formed the living originals of the poet's descriptions, [in the 
 Canterbury Tales.] his pages impress the fancy with the momentary 
 credence that they are still alive; as if Time had rebuilt his ruins, 
 and were reacting the last scenes of existence." Essay on English 
 Poetry. 
 
 "In elocution and elegance, in harmony and perspicuity of ver 
 sification, Chaucer surpasses his predecessors in an infinite propor 
 tion ; his genius was universal, and adapted to themes of unbounded 
 variety; and his merit was not less in painting familiar manners 
 with humour and propriety, than in moving the passions, and re 
 presenting the beautiful or grand objects of nature, with grace and 
 sublimity." THOS. WARTON. 
 
 Like many others who have given their thoughts to the 
 world, without an ever-present, proper sense of moral re 
 sponsibility, Chaucer in his last hours bitterly bewailed 
 some too well-remembered lines, " which dying" he vainly 
 
CHA 
 
 wished "to blot." "Wo is me, wo is me," he exclaimed 
 in that solemn hour, " that I cannot recall and annul those 
 things which I have written : but alas ! they are now con 
 tinued from man to man, and I cannot do what I desire !" 
 One thing, however, he could do : from the depths of his 
 sincere repentance and hearty contrition, he could send 
 forth a warning voice to his fellow-men, urging them to a 
 submissive endurance of earthly trials, and a constant re 
 ference in their actions to that enduring habitation which 
 the Judge of all the earth hath prepared for them who " by 
 patient continuance in well-doing, look for glory, honour, 
 and immortality." To these wholesome meditations of the 
 dying poet, we owe the " Good Counsail" of Chaucer, by 
 the quotation of the conclusion of which we shall help to 
 promote the design of the author, and perhaps confer no 
 inconsiderable benefit upon some thoughtless reader : 
 " That thee is sent receive in buxomnesse. 
 The wrestling of this world asketh a fall, 
 Here is no home, here is but wildernesse, 
 Forth, pilgrime! forth, beast, out of thy stall! 
 Looke up on high, and thanke God of all! 
 Weive thy lusts, and let thy ghost thee lede, 
 And trouth thee shall deliver, it is no drede." 
 
 Chauchard, Captain. Map of Germany, Ac.,1800,fo1. 
 
 Chauncy, Angel, D.D. Serms., Lon., 1747, '58, 4to. 
 
 Chauncy, Charles, 1592-1672, a Nonconformist di 
 vine, a native of Hertfordshire, was educated at West 
 minster School, and at Trinity College, Cambridge. He 
 emigrated to New England, and in 1654 became President 
 of Harvard College, which office he retained until his de 
 cease. Serms., 1655, '56; 26 on Justification, 1659. An- 
 tisynodalia Americana, 1662. He also wrote an article 
 prefixed to Leigh's Critica Sacra, Lon., 1639, Ac., 4to. See 
 Mather's Magnalia; Rushworth's Hist. Coll.; Neal's N. E.; 
 Hutchinson; Holmes. 
 
 Chauncy, Charles, D.D., 1705-1787, a native and 
 minister of Boston, a descendant of the above, pub. a num 
 ber of sermons and theolog. treatises, 1731-85. 
 
 " He was eminent for his learning, and for the spirit of inde 
 pendence which marked his inquiries." See Clarke's Funeral 
 Serm., Miller, ii. 368. 
 
 Chauncy, Sir Henry, 1632-1719, of the Middle 
 Temple, was admitted of Gonvil and Caius College, Cam 
 bridge, in 1647. In 1688 he was made a Welsh Judge. 
 Historical Antiquities of Hertfordshire, &e. } Lon., 1700, fol. 
 
 " The near affinity historical antiquities have to that science [the 
 Law] which I have studied and all along practised, pbliged me to 
 be conversant in authors that treat thereof." Preface. 
 
 See Savage's Librarian, and Upcott's British Topogra 
 phy. Sir Henry left some additions to this work, which 
 were the foundation of Salmon's History of Hertfordshire, 
 Lon., 1728, fol. 
 
 Chauncy, Isaac, d. 1712. Theological treatises,1692- 
 1737. 
 
 Chauncy, Isaac, d. 1745, aged 74. Sermon, 1729. 
 
 Chauncy, Maurice, d. 1581, a monk of the Charter 
 House. Historia aliquot nostri Sseculi Martyrum, Mentz, 
 1550, 4to. Much of this work will be found in Strype's 
 Ecclesiastical Memorials. Chauncy wrote some other 
 works : see Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Chauncy, Nath., of Connecticut. Serms., 1719, '34. 
 
 Chauncy, William. The Rooting out of the Romishe 
 Supremacie, Lon., 1580, 16mo. The Conversion of a Gentle 
 man long Tyme misled in Poperie to the sincere and true 
 Profession of the Gospel of Christ Jesus, 1587, 4to. 
 
 Chaundler, E. See CHANDLER. 
 
 Chaundler, Thomas. See CHANDLER. 
 
 Chauvel, R. A. Sermon, 1805. 
 
 Chauvenet, William, b. 1820, in Pennsylvania. 
 Grad. Yale Coll., Prof. Astron. U. S. Naval Acad., Anna 
 polis, Maryland, which flourishing institution he was chiefly 
 instrumental in establishing. Prof, of Math, in U. S. Navy, 
 1841. Treatise on Plane and Spheric. Trigonometry, Phila 
 delphia, 3d ed., 1853. 
 
 " We know of no English work, in which the subject of Spheri 
 cal Trigonometry, especially, is presented in so satisfactory a man 
 ner." Amf.r. Jour. Sci., Sept., 1850. 
 
 " In this work he has rendered good service to science." Astron. 
 Jour., vol. i. No. 13. 
 
 " This is the most complete treatise on Trigonometry extant in 
 the English language." Jour. Franklin Institute, vol. xx. No. 3. 
 
 Contributor to Amer. Jour. Sci. ; Amer. Astron. Jour. ; 
 and collaborator in the preparation of the Amer. Ephe- 
 meris published under the auspices of government, for 
 which he has furnished new and original methods of find 
 ing longitude by lunars, Ac. 
 
 Chavasse, William, surgeon. Med. Con., 1785. 
 Chavernac, T. Surgery in France, 1801, 4to. 
 Cheare, Abr. Words in Season, Lon., 1668, 12mo. 
 Cheaste, Thomas. Serm., Loa., 1613, fol. 
 
 CHE 
 
 Checkley, John, 1680 F-1753, an Episcopal minister 
 of Boston, Mass. Theolog. treatises, 1715, '20, '27/28, '38. 
 
 Checkley, Samuel, d. 1769, aged 73, a minister of 
 Boston, Mass. Serms., 1727, '48, '55. 
 
 Checus, Sir John. See CHEKE. 
 
 Chedsey, William, President of Corpus Christi Col 
 lege, Oxford, 1558. Serm. at Paules Crosse, Nov. 16, 1544, 
 Lon., sine anno. Disputation with Cranmer, Philpot, Ac., 
 1545-55. He was a zealous Roman Catholic ; was deprived 
 of his preferments, and committed to the Fleet Prison. 
 
 Chedworth, John, Lord. Notes upon some of the 
 Obscure Passages in Shakspeare's Plays, Lon., 1805, 8vo. 
 Privately printed; now scarce. Extracts from Lord C.'s 
 MSS. will be found in Seymour's Remarks upon Shaks- 
 peare, Lon., 1805, 2 vols. 8vo. Letters (140) from Lord 
 Chedworth to Rev. Thos. Crompton, 1828, 4to. 
 
 Cheeke, Henry. Trans, of Freewyl, a Tragedie. 
 
 Cheeseman, Lewis, D.D. Difference between Old 
 and New School Presbyterians, Rochester, N. York, 1848, 
 12mo. Ishmael and the Church, Phila., 1856, 12mo. 
 
 Cheesman, Abraham. Serms., Lon., 1663, '68, 8vo. 
 
 Cheesman, Christopher. Berkshire's Agent's hum 
 ble Address, Lon., 1651, 4to. 
 
 Cheesman, Thomas. Serms., 1695, 1707, 4to. 
 
 Cheetham, James, d. 1810, aged 37. A Reply to 
 Aristides, 1804. Life of Thomas Paine, 1809. 
 
 Cheetham, Robert Farren. Poems, Stockport, 
 1798, 4to. Odes and Miscellanies, 1798, 8vo. 
 
 Cheever, Ezekiel, 1617-1708, a native of London, 
 emigrated to New England, and resided at Boston, 1671- 
 1708, as a teacher. He pub. a Latin Accidence, which 
 passed through 20 editions. 
 
 Cheever, George Barrell, D.D., b. 1807, at Hallo- 
 well, Maine, graduated at Bowdoin College, 1825 ; installed 
 pastor of the Allen Street Church, New York City, 1839 ; 
 of the Church of the Puritans in New York, 1846. See 
 Men of the Time, N. York, 1852, 12mo. Dr. C. has con 
 tributed largely to The Biblical Repository, North Ameri 
 can Review, Quarterly Repository, Ac. We note some of 
 his works : The American Common Place Book of Prose, 
 1828; of Poetry, 1829. Studies in Poetry, 1830. Inquire 
 at Amos Giles's Distillery. This led to a famous lawsuit. 
 God's Hand in America, 1841. Lectures on Hierarchical 
 Despotism. Lectures on Pilgrim's Progress, 1843. This 
 work has been highly commended. 
 
 " All readers of the charming allegory should not fail to read the 
 Lectures." Ch. Chronicle. 
 
 Wanderings of a Pilgrim in the shadow of Mont Blanc, 
 Ac., 1846; ditto to Jungfrau. The Hill Difficulty, Ac., 
 1849. Christian Melodies, (in conjunction with J. E. Sweet- 
 eer.) Selection of Hymns and Tunes. The Right of the 
 Bible in the Common Schools. 
 
 " It is a question which in its decision is to influence the happi 
 ness, the temporal and eternal welfare, of one hundred millions of 
 human beings." DANIEL WEBSTER. 
 
 The Voice of Nature to her Foster-Child, the Soul of 
 Man, 1852, 12mo. A Reel in the BotAe for Jack in the 
 Doldrums, 1852, 12mo. 
 
 "Another veritable Pilgrim's Progress, only made by sea, and 
 with the greater variety of peril incident to that way of travelling. 
 Some of the best traits of Bunyan'a immortal poem are here re 
 produced." 
 
 Journal of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, N.Y., 1848, 12mo. 
 Punishment by Death : its Authority and Expediency, 
 1849, 12mo. The Windings of the River of the Water of 
 Life, 1849. Powers of the World to Come, 1853. Lectures 
 on Cowper, 1856. God against Slavery, 1857. 
 
 Cheever, Rev. Henry T., a popular author, brother 
 of the preceding. The Whale and his Captors, N.Y., 1849, 
 18mo. The Island- World of the Pacific, 1851, 12mo. Life 
 in the Sandwich Islands, 12mo. 
 
 " An agreeable addition to Rev. Mr. Cheever's former works on 
 the Pacific, written in a kindly tone to Christians and Heathen. 
 ... It will be found an agreeable and sensible work, with an ap 
 pendix containing valuable commercial statistics." N. Y. Literary 
 World. 
 
 Autobiography and Memorials of Capt. Obadiah Congat, 
 16mo, 1851. 
 
 " It is proper that the example of such a man should be em 
 balmed, and Mr. Cheever has done it well." N. Y. Observer. 
 
 To Mr. Cheever we are indebted for the Memoir of the 
 REV. WALTER COLTON, (q. v.) prefixed to Mr. Colton's Sea 
 and Sailor, Ac. 
 
 " It is well written, warmly and kindly, as biography ought to 
 be. and with good taste." N. Y. Evangelist. 
 
 Biography of Nathaniel Cheever, M.D., 1851, 12mo: 
 vide post. The Pulpit and the. Pew, N.Y., 1858, 12mo. 
 Highly commended. 
 
 Cheever, Nathaniel, M.D. Biography of, by Rer. 
 
CHE 
 
 Henry T. Cheever, with an introduction by George B. 
 Cheever, D.D., New York, 1851, I2mo. 
 
 " It is full of the most weighty Christian lessons ; and no one can 
 peruse it and not be struck with the originality of the character 
 illustrated, nor without laying it aside a wiser and better man." 
 
 Cheever, Samuel, d. 1724, aged 85, a son of Ezekiel 
 Cheever, was the first minister of Marblehead. Serm., 1712. 
 Cheisley, John. Letter, 1647, 4to. 
 Cheisolm, Gnil. Scotus et Episc. Varionensis. Ex- 
 amen Confessionis Fidei Calvinianae, Aven., 1601, 8vo. In 
 French, Paris, 1603, 8vo. 
 
 Cheke, Sir John, 1514-1557, a native of Cambridge, 
 was admitted into St. John's College in 1531, and applied 
 himself with such zeal to the study of the Greek language- 
 then much neglected in England that about 1540, when 
 the king founded a Greek professorship in the University 
 of Cambridge, Cheke, only 26 years of age, was chosen 
 the first professor. His persevering efforts to reform the 
 English pronunciation of Greek were crowned with success, 
 although violently opposed by Bishop Gardiner and others. 
 In 1544 he was appointed one of the Latin tutors to Prince 
 Edward. He was a zealous advocate of the Protestant 
 Reformation, and interested in the settlement of the crown 
 upon Lady Jane Grey. Upon the accession of Queen Mary 
 he was imprisoned in the Tower, from whence the queen's 
 pardon released him, and he travelled for some time on the 
 Continent. But he was too important a personage to be 
 overlooked by the persecutors of the day; and being ar 
 rested near Brussels, was sent to London, again imprisoned 
 in the Tower, and only escaped martyrdom by an open re 
 cantation of the principles of the Reformation. The re 
 morse which followed this step soon brought him to the 
 grave, and he was gathered to his fathers at the early age 
 of 43. England could have better afforded the loss of 
 many courtiers than of this great man ! Sir John left many 
 works in MS., a catalogue of which we find in Strype. 
 His publications consist almost entirely of translations 
 from the Greek into the Latin tongue, and from English 
 into Latin, Ac. A Latin trans, of two of St. Chrysostom's 
 Homilies, 1543, 4to ; of six ditto, 1545, 8vo. The Hurt of 
 Sedition, 1549, Svo; and in Holinshed's Chronicle, anno 
 1549. A Latin trans, of the English Communion Book, 
 done for the use of M. Bucer; vide Bucer's Opuscula 
 Anglicana ; a Latin trans, of Cranmer's Book on the Lord's 
 Supper, 1553. The New Testament in Englishe, after the 
 Greeke trans., 1550, 8vo. A Latin trans, of the English 
 Communion Book. De Superstitione ad Regem Henricum. 
 The Latinity of this piece has been greatly commended. 
 Some Letters. Sir John pub. a few other pieces. 
 
 " As to his character, he was justly accounted one of the best and 
 most learned men of his age, and a singular ornament to his country. 
 He was one of the revivers of polite literature in England, and a 
 great lover and encourager of the Greek language in particular." 
 
 " The Exchequer of eloquence ; a man of men, supernaturally 
 traded in all tongues." Wash's Letter to the Two Universities, vide 
 A then. Oxon. See, also, Strype's Life of Cheke; of Cranmer; of 
 Parker; and Biog. Brit. 
 
 Cheke, William. Anagrammata & Chron. Agram- 
 mata Regia, Lon., 1613, 8vo. 
 
 C he 1 sum, James, D.D., 1740-1801, educated at West 
 minster School, and at St. John's College, and Christ 
 Church, Cambridge. Remarks on Mr. Gibbon's Roman 
 History, Lon., 1772, 8vo; enlarged. 1778, 8vo. Reply to 
 Gibbon's Vindication, Winchest, 1785, 8vo. Hist, of the 
 Art of Engraving in Mezzotint, Winchest., 1786, 8vo. He 
 is supposed to have contributed to Olla Podrida, pub. at 
 Oxford. He pub. some occasional Serms., 1777-93. 
 
 " His learning was extensive ; and his manners, though some- 
 what austere, were yet amiable." 
 
 Chenevix, Richard, d. 1830, a native of Ireland. 
 Dramatic Poems, 1801, 8vo. Chemical Nomenclature, 1802, 
 12mo. Mineralogical Systems, 1811, 8vo. Chemical Con 
 tributions to Phil. Trans., 1801, '02, 03, '04, '05 ; to Nic. 
 Jour., 1801, '10; to Trans. Irish Acad., viii. 233. The 
 Mantuan Rivals ; a Comedy ; Henry VII. ; Hist. Trag., 
 1812, 8vo. 
 
 " The boldest, the most elaborate, and, upon the whole, the most 
 successful, imitation of the general style, taste, and diction of our 
 older dramatists, that has appeared in the present times." Edin. 
 Review. 
 
 An Essay upon National Character, 2 vols. 8vo. (Posth.) 
 What a noble legacy for a man to leave behind him ! In these 
 volumes are garnered the labours of a life." Lon. Literary Gaz. 
 
 Cheney, Harriet V., a native of Massachusetts. 
 The Sunday School, or Village Sketches ; written in con 
 junction with her sister. A Peep at the Pilgrims. The 
 Rivals of Acadia. Sketches from the Life of Christ; 
 Confessions of an Early Martyr; pub. in 1840. Mrs. 
 Cashing, her sister, has pub. Esther, a dramatic poem, and 
 lome works for the young. Mrs. Cheney's mother (Mrs. 
 870 
 
 CHE 
 
 Hannah Foster) was author of one of the earliest Ameri 
 can novels, The Coquette, or the History of Eliza Whar- 
 ton; repub. in 1855. See FOSTER, HANNAH. 
 
 Cheney, John. On Conformity, Lon., 1680, 8vo. 
 Cherington, Lord Viscount. Memoirs of the Go 
 vernment and Manners of the present Portuguese, Lon., 
 1782, 2 vols. 12mo. See Monthly Mag. for 1782. 
 
 Chernocke, Rohert. Papers del'd to Sheriffs of 
 London and Middlesex, 1695, fol. 
 
 Cherpillourd, J. Book of French Versions, Ac., 
 1817, 12mo. 
 
 Cherry, A. Dramatic Pieces, 1793-1807. 
 Cherry, Henry C. Illustrations of the Fasts and 
 Festivals, Lon., 12ino, 1844. 
 
 " We boldly recommend these lectures." Lnn. Christ. Rememb. 
 Cherry, John. Scottish Poetry, Glasg., 1806, 12mo. 
 Chertsey, Andrew. The Passion of Christ, Lon., 
 1520, 4to; trans, from the French. The Floure of God's 
 Commandments, 1521, fol. Other publications. See War- 
 ton's Hist, of English Poetry. 
 
 Chesebro', Caroline, a native of Canandaigua, 
 New York, has pub. several volumes, and is a contributor 
 to some of the principal American periodicals. Dream 
 land by Daylight, 1851. Isa, a Pilgrimage, 1852. The 
 Children of Light, 1852. The Little Cross-Bearers, 1853. 
 See Hart's Female Prose Writers of America, 1854. 
 
 Cheselden, William, 1688-1752, an eminent sur 
 geon and anatomist, a native of Leicestershire, studied 
 under Cowper, the celebrated anatomist, and Feme, the 
 head surgeon of St. Thomas's Hospital. At the age of 22 
 he began to read lectures in anatomy, and at 33 was chosen 
 member of the Royal Society. Syllabus of a Course of 
 Lectures on Anatomy, Lon., 1711, 4to. The Anatomy of 
 the Human Body, 1713, Svo; 1722; with thirty-four 
 copper-plates, 1726; 1730; llth edit, 1778. Treatise on 
 the High Operation for Stone, 1723, Svo; attacked in Litho- 
 tomus Castratus. Osteographia, or Anatomy of the Bones ; 
 with plates the size of life, 1728, '33, large fol. ; attacked 
 in 1735 by John Douglass, in Remarks on that Pompous 
 Work, the Osteography of Mr. Cheselden. 
 
 " The work received a more judicious censure from the celebrated 
 Haller. who, whilst he candidly pointed out its errors, paid the 
 writer that tribute of applause which he so justly deserved. 
 Ileister, likewise, in his Compendium of Anatomy, has done jus 
 tice to its merit." Biog. Brit. 
 
 To Goutcher's trans, of Le Dran's Operations in Sur 
 gery, Cheselden added 21 plates and some valuable re 
 marks. Cheselden made many improvements in surgery, 
 and banished the complicated French instruments formerly 
 in use. Sharpe acknowledges his great obligations to him. 
 Pope held him in high esteem : 
 
 "I wondered a little at your quaere, who Cheselden was. It 
 shews that the truest merit does not travel so far any way as on 
 the wings of poetry. lie is the most noted and most deserving 
 ! man in the whole profession of chirurgery ; and has saved the 
 lives of thousands by his manner of cutting for the stone." 
 Letter from Pope to Swift. 
 
 We find the worthy surgeon also celebrated in the verses 
 of his poetical admirer : 
 
 "To keep these limbs, and to preserve these eyes, 
 
 I'll do what Mead and Cheselden advise." 
 Cheshire, John. Rheumatism, &c., Lon., 1723, Svo. 
 Cheshire, Thomas. Serms., 1641, '42. 
 Chesney, Col. Francis Rawdon, b. 1789, in Ire- 
 ! land. The Expedition for the Survey of the Rivers Eu 
 phrates and Tigris, 1835, '36, '37, Lon., 1850, &c., 4 vols. 
 i r. Svo. On Fire-Arms, Svo. Russo-Turkish Campaigns 
 of 1828, '29, Lon., 1852 ; 3d ed. May, 1854. 
 
 "Few men possess more extensive knowledge, personal and 
 other, of the geography and statistics of the East." ion. At/ten. 
 Chester, Robert. Love's Martyr; or Rosalin'a 
 Complaint, Lon., 1601, 4to. To this trans, from the Ita 
 lian are added some Poems of Shakspeare, Jon son, Mar- 
 1 ston, and others. A very rare volume : sold at the Rox- 
 | burghe sale for 24 3. ; Sykes's, 61 19s. ; priced in 
 Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 50. 
 
 Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, Bail 
 
 of, 1694-1773, was the eldest son of Philip, third Earl of 
 
 Chesterfield, by Lady Elizabeth Saville, daughter of George, 
 
 Marquis of Halifax. In his 18th year he was entered of 
 
 Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he studied to so much 
 
 purpose that he left the University an excellent classical 
 
 i scholar. He was returned for St. Germain's in Cornwall 
 
 ! in the first Parliament of the reign of George I., and in 
 
 j the national councils, as well as in the diplomatic positions 
 
 | which he afterwards occupied, displayed considerable 
 
 energy of character. As a gentleman, a courtier, and a 
 
 patron of literature, he aspired to fill the first rank, and 
 
 his ambition was gratified. Johnson's suit to the " Con- 
 
 , queror of the World," and the celebrated letter which 
 
CHE 
 
 CHE 
 
 closed their distant acquaintance, is well known. They 
 were not calculated to be agreeable to each other. The 
 earl considered the lexicographer to be no better than " a 
 respectable Hottentot," and the awkward scholar styled 
 the nobleman " A Wit among Lords, and a Lord among 
 Wits." Johnson's letter to his lordship must be condemned 
 as a piece of great injustice. The earl is now best known 
 by his Letters to his Son, (who died at an early age, in 
 1768,) 1774, 2 vols. 4to; often reprinted; which were not 
 intended for publication. They display much knowledge 
 of the worst part of the world, and little taste for any 
 thing of a more elevated character. 
 
 "Those who wish to see the superiority of dissembling over 
 openness demonstrated with admirable force, may consult the 
 philosopher of flattery and dissimulation." DE VERB. 
 
 " It was not to be wondered at that they had so great a sale, 
 considering that they were the letters of a statesman, a wit, one 
 who had been much in the mouths of mankind, one long accus 
 tomed virdrn volitare per ora. . . . Does not Lord Chesterfield 
 give precepts for uniting wickedness and the graces? . . . Lord 
 Chesterfield's Letters to his Son, I think, might be made a very 
 pretty book. Take out the immorality, and it should be put into 
 the hands Of every gentleman." DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 What Johnson desired an expurgated Chesterfield 
 has been prepared by Dr. Trusler (Principles of Politeness) 
 and others. The most epigrammatic description which 
 Johnson gave of the Letters, for obvious reasons we have 
 not quoted. 
 
 It is not a little curious that these Letters should have 
 been repub. in Boston as early as 1779; five years after 
 the first London edition. His lordship's Miscellaneous 
 Works were pub. in 1777, Lon., 2 vols. 4to ; Appendix, 
 1778, 4to, (of doubtful authenticity.) Characters, 1777, 
 12mo. Supplement to his Letters. 1777, '87, 4to. The 
 Art of Pleasing, in Letters to his Nephew, 1783, 12mo. 
 Letters to his Heir, 1783, 12mo. Memoirs of Asiaticus, 
 1784, 4to. Particulars, etc., respecting Chesterfield and 
 Hume, 1788, 4to. Letters, including many now first pub 
 lished from the original MSS. Edited, with Notes, by Lord 
 Mahon, Lon., 1845, 4 vols. 8vo. The papers upon John 
 son's Dictionary, which elicited the celebrated response, 
 are Nos. 100 and 101 in The World. Some verses of his 
 composition are in the miscellanies of Dodsley, Almon, 
 Debret, &o. Pope once borrowed his diamond ring, and 
 wrote on the window of an inn : 
 
 " Accept a miracle instead of wit, 
 
 See two dull lines by Stanhope's pencil writ." 
 " Lord Chesterfield's eloquence, though the fruit of study and 
 imitation, was in a great measure his own. Equal to most of his 
 contemporaries in eloquence and perspicuity, perhaps surpassed 
 by some in extensiveness and strength, he could have no compe 
 titors in choice of imagery, taste, urbanity, and graceful irony." 
 DR. MATY. ' 
 
 " Chesterfield's entrance into the world was announced by his 
 bons mots ; and his closing lips dropped repartees, that sparkled 
 with his juvenile fire." HORACE WALPOLE. 
 
 Chesterfield, Thomas de, Canon of Lichfield. 
 Historia de Episcopis Coventrentibus et Lichfield a prima 
 sedis foundatione ad annum 1347, cum notis. 
 
 Chesterton, George Laval, for about twenty-seven 
 years Governor of Cold-Bath Fields Prison. Proceedings 
 in Venezuela, 1819-20, Lon., 1820, 8vo. Revelations of 
 Prison Life, 1856, 2 vols. 8vo ; two eds. in same year. 
 
 " As a curious bit of human history these volumes are remark 
 able. They are very real, very simple, dramatic without exagge 
 ration, philosophic without being dull.'' Lon. Athen., 1856. 805. 
 Cheston, R. B. Profess, treatises, 1766, '80, '84. 
 Chetham, Jas. Angler's Vadc-Mecum, Lon., 1689, 8vo. 
 Chetham, John. Psalmody; 8th edit., 1752, 8vo. 
 Chettle, Henry, a dramatic writer of the age of 
 Elizabeth, was the author of the Tragedy of Hoffman, or 
 a Revenge for a Father, 1631, 4to; and was concerned, 
 more or less, according to Henslowe's Diary, in the pro 
 duction of 38 plays, "only four of which have been 
 printed and have descended to us." See Collier's Hist, of 
 English Dramatic Poetry, and the Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Chetwind, Charles. Narrative rel. to Mr. Ireland, 
 executed for High Treason, Lon., 1679, fol. 
 
 Chetwind, Edward, D.D. Serms., 1608, '12. Vow 
 
 of Teares for the Losse of Prince Henry, 1612, 8vo. 
 
 Chetwind, John. See CHBTWYND. 
 
 Chetwind, Philip. Petition to Parliament, 1649, fol. 
 
 Chetwood, Knightly, D.D., 1652-1720, Fellow of 
 
 King's College, Cambridge, 1683. Serms., 1700, '08, '15. 
 
 Speech, 1715. Life of Lycurgus, in trans, of Plutarch's 
 
 Lives, pub. in 1683. Poems in Nichols's Collection, Ac. 
 
 Chetwood, William Rnfus, d. 1766. The Lover's 
 Opera, Lon., 4730, 8vo. General History of the Stage, 
 1749. Plays, 1750. The British Theatre, 1750, 12ino. 
 " A compilation full of the grossest blunders." 
 Life of Ben Jonson, 1756, 12mo. Theatrical Records, 
 
 1756, 12mo. George Steevens did not venerate Chetwood 
 as an author; he calls him 
 
 ; ' A blockhead, and a measureless and bungling liar." 
 
 Chetwynd, James. Treatise on Fines, Lon., 1773,4to. 
 
 Chetwynd, John, 1623-1692, a Presbyterian ; con 
 formed on the Restoration. Serms., 1653, '59, '82. An- 
 thologia Historica, 1674, 8vo ; repub. under the title of 
 Collections, Historical, Political, Theological, collected out 
 of the most esteemed Authors of all Sorts of Learning, 
 digested into fifteen Centuries, to which is annexed a Cen 
 tury of Legendary Stories, 1691, 8vo. He edited his 
 grandfather's (Sir John Harrington) Brief View of the 
 State of the Church of England, Ac., being a character 
 and history of the Bishops, 1653, 12mo. 
 
 Chevalier, Thomasj Surgeon, d. 1824. Observa 
 tions, Lon., 1797, 8vo. Introduc. to Lectures, 1801, 8vo. 
 Treatise on Gun Shot Wounds, 1804, 12mo. History of an 
 Enlargement, Ac. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1809, '11, '13. 
 
 Chevalier, Temple, Prof. Mathematics and Astro 
 nomy, and Honorary Canon of Durham. Trans, of the 
 Epistles of Clement, Polycarp, Ignatius, and of the Apo 
 logies of Justin Martyr and Tertullian, Camb., 1803, 8vo. 
 
 v 'An excellent translation, with an introduction, and brief notes 
 illustrative of the ecclesiastical history of the first two centuries." 
 LOXVNDES. 
 
 Historical Types in the Old Testament : 20 Discourses 
 preached at the Hulsean Lecture in 1826, Camb., 1826, 8vo. 
 
 " The subject chosen is important and interesting, and has been 
 illustrated with ability and judgment." British Critic, Oct. 1827. 
 
 On the Proofs of Divine Power and Wisdom derived 
 from the Study of Astronomy ; preached at the Hulsean 
 Lecture, 1827 Camb., 1827 8vo. 
 
 Chew, Samuel, Chief-Justice of Pennsylvania, d. 
 1744. The Lawfulness of Defence against an Avowed 
 Enemy, 1741, '75. Judge C. was a Quaker, and this pub 
 lication gave great offence to the members of that sect. 
 
 Chewney, Nicholas. Theolog. treatises, 1656, '60. 
 
 Cheyn, William. Theolog. treatises, 1718, '20. 
 
 Cheyne. Funeral Sermon, 1669, 4to. 
 
 Cheyne, George, M.D., 1671-1743, a native of Scot 
 land, was a pupil of the celebrated Dr. Archibald Pitcairn, 
 whom he styles his " great master and generous friend." 
 Dr. Cheyne pub. a number of medical, theological, and 
 philosophical works ; some of which we notice. A New 
 Theory of acute and slow-continued Fevers, Lon., 1702, 
 8vo. Fluxiorum Methodus inversa, Ac., 1703, 4to. Phi 
 losophical Principles of Natural Religion, 1705, 8vo. Ob 
 servations on the Gout, Ac., 1720, 8vo. Essay on Health 
 and Long Life, 1725, 8vo; in Latin, 1726, 8vo ', Paris, 
 
 1742, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " I heartily condemn and detest all personal reflections, all ma 
 licious and unmannerly terms, and all false and unjust misrepre 
 sentations, as unbecoming gentlemen, scholars, and Christians." 
 Preface to Essay. 
 
 What a noble lesson to all controversialists ! 
 
 The English Malady, or a Treatise of Nervous Diseases 
 of all Kinds : as Spleens, Vapours, Lowness of Spirits, Hy- 
 pochondriacal and Hysterical Distempers, Ac., 1733, 8vo. 
 In this work he tells us he never found any sensible tran 
 quillity till he came to the firm and settled resolution, viz. : 
 
 " To neglect nothing to secure my eternal peace, more than 
 if I had been certified I should die within the day ; nor to mind 
 any thing that my secular obligations and duties demand of me, 
 less than if 1 had been insured to live fifty years more." English 
 Malady, p. 333. 
 
 What a noble example to all men ! 
 
 Essay on Regimen, 1739, 8vo. This last work was en 
 titled, Natural Method of Curing Diseases of the Body, 
 and the Disorders of the Mind depending on the Body; in 
 three parts, 1742, 8vo ; dedicated to the Earl of Chester 
 field. An Account of Dr. Cheyne and his various Cures, 
 
 1743, 8vo. 
 
 " He is to be ranked among those physicians who have accounted 
 for the operations of medicine, and the morbid alterations which 
 take place in the human body, upon mechanical principles. A 
 spirit of piety and benevolence, and an ardent zeal for the inte 
 rests of virtue, are predominant throughout his writings." T : 
 Biog. Brit. 
 
 Cheyne, James, d. 1602, a native of Aberdeen, Pro 
 fess, of Philos., and Rector of the Scots College at Douay. 
 Analysis in Philosophiam Aristot., Douay, 1573, 8vo. De 
 Sphaere seu Globi Ccelestis Fabrica, 1575, 8vo. De Geo- 
 graphia; lib. duo, 1576, 8vo. Orationes duo, 1577, 8vo. 
 Analysis et Scholia in Aristot., 1578, 8vo. Analysis in 
 Physiologiana Aristoteliana, Par., 1580, 8vo. 
 
 " He was a man of extraordinary Erudition, and great Prudence; 
 and by his many and subtile writings in Philosophy and Mathe 
 matics, acquired a great reputation." GEORGE CON, trans, from the 
 Latin in Ma&enzies Scotch Writers, vol. iii. 
 
 Cheyne, John, M.D., 1777-1836, a native of Leith, 
 acted for some time as assistant to his father, who prac- 
 
 377 
 
CUE 
 
 CHI 
 
 tised medicine and surgery, and studied pathology with 
 Sir Charles Bell as an associate. In 1808 he removed to 
 Dublin, and at first had so little success that his receipts 
 from November, 1810, to May, 1811, were only three gui 
 neas. From 1820 to 1830 they averaged 5000 per an 
 num. Essays on the Diseases of Children; with Cases 
 and Dissections, Edin., 1801, '03, '08. On Hydrocephalus 
 acutus, 1808, 8vo. The Pathology of the Membrane of the 
 Larynx and Bronchia, 1809, 8vo. Cases of Apoplexy and 
 of Lethargy, Lon., 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Cheyne, R. M., and A. Bonar. Narrative of a Mis 
 sion of Inquiry to the Jews from the Church of Scotland 
 in 1839. 
 
 " We have enjoyed no travels in Palestine like these, and we 
 have read many." Presbyterian Review. 
 
 "The volumes furnish delightful reading. The Scriptural Re 
 ferences amount to more than 900." Princeton Review. 
 
 Cheynell, Francis, 160S-1665, a Nonconformist di 
 vine, a native of Oxford, was elected Prpbationer Fellow 
 of Merton College in 1629 ; Rector of Petworth, Sussex, 
 1643; ejected 1662. The Rise, Growth, and Danger of 
 Socinianisme, Lon., 1643, 4to. In this book, which was 
 pub. by authority, some eminent divines were charged with 
 Socinianism. Chillingworthi Novissima, or the Sickness, 
 Heresy, Death, and Burial of W. C., 1644, 4to; also pub. 
 by authority. 
 
 "A most ludicrous as well as melancholy instance of fanaticism, 
 or religious madness." Life of Cldllingworth. 
 
 Cheynell had a most violent antipathy to some of Chil- 
 lingworth's views and to his memory, and evinced it in a 
 manner not the most decorous. Sermons, 1645, '46, 4to. 
 Disputation between Cheynell and Erburg, 1 646, 4to. The 
 Sworn Confederacy between the Convocation at Oxford 
 and the Tower at London, 1647, 4to. Doctrine of the 
 Holy Trinity, 1650, 8vo. The Beacon Flaming, 1652, 4to. 
 " I shall now only tell you that he was accounted by many, es 
 pecially those of his party, (who bad him always in great venera 
 tion,) a good disputant and preacher, and better he might have 
 been, and of a more sober temper, had he not been troubled with 
 a weakness in his head which some in his time called craziness." 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Chibald, William. Theolog. Treatises, 1622, '25, '30. 
 
 Chichester, Edward. Oppressions and Cruelties of 
 
 Irish Revenue Officers, Lon., 1818, 8vo. See McCulloch's 
 
 Lit. of Polit. Economy. Deism compared with Christianity, 
 
 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "A book of reference, containing all the principal objections 
 against Revealed Religion, with their refutations." 
 
 Chidley, Catherine. Independent Churches, 1641. 
 Chidley, Samuel. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1651-57. 
 Chifney. Genius Genuine, a Treatise on Horses and 
 Horse Racing, Lon., 1804, 8vo. 
 
 " This book, containing an account of some of the first charac 
 ters on the turf, is said to have been suppressed." Pub. at 5 5s. 
 Chilcot, Harriet. See MEZIERE. 
 Chilcot, William, d. 1711. Serm., 1797, 8vo. Seven 
 Sermons on Evil Thoughts, 1734, 12mo ; 1835, 32mo; 
 1851, 18mo. 
 
 Child, Miss. Spinster at Home, Lon., 8vo. 
 Child, Francis J., Boylston Prof, of Rhetoric and 
 Oratory in Harvard College. In 1848, soon after leaving 
 college, he pub. an edition of some old plays, under the 
 title of Four Old Plays. Is editing, (1858,) with much 
 success, A Complete Collection of the British Poets, from 
 Chaucer to Wordsworth; embracing the whole Works of 
 the Most Distinguished Authors, with Selections from the 
 Minor Poets; accompanied with Biographical, Historical, 
 and Critical Notices. Ninety-six vols. have appeared, pub. 
 by Little, Brown & Co., Boston. 
 
 "All persons whose standard of home-comfort embraces more 
 than one single book-shelf must have the British Poets in some 
 form ; and they may be sure that they will never be able to pro 
 cure them in a more convenient and economical form than that 
 which these volumes wear." Christian Examiner. 
 
 Child, George Chaplin, M.D. On Indigestion and 
 Certain Bilious Disorders often conjoined with it; to which 
 are added Short Notes on Diet; 2d ed., Lon., 1854, 8vo. 
 
 "This edition is considerably altered and improved by the incor 
 poration of the extended experience which the author has acquired. 
 We must warmly recommend it to our readers as a safe and useful 
 guide in the treatment of a very troublesome class of disorders." 
 Dublin Quarterly Journal. 
 
 Child, Major John. New England's Jonas cast up 
 at London, Lon., 1647 : refers to the trial of Robert Child, 
 of which Winthrop gives an account. 
 
 Child, Sir Josiah, an eminent merchant and writer 
 on Political Economy temp. Charles II. Discourse of 
 Trade, Lon., 1668, 4to; 5th edit, Glasg., 1751, 12mo. 
 
 " Some of the principles advanced by Child are so sound, and so 
 forcibly and concisely expressed, that they assume the shape of 
 maxims." McCcLLOCH : Lit. Polit. Economy. 
 
 A Treatise, wherein it is demonstrated that the E. India 
 378 
 
 Trade is the Most National of all Foreign Trades, Lon., 
 1681, 4to. See McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ. Obser 
 vations concerning Trade and the Interest of Money, 1668, 
 4to. Sir Thomas Culpepper's Tract on Usurie, 1623, 4to, 
 is annexed to this treatise. The Interest of England Con 
 sidered, 1694, 8vo. Relief and Employment of the Poor. 
 Repub. in the Somers Collec. of Tracts, vol. xi. 
 
 Child, Lydia Maria, one of the most eminent of 
 American authors, was Miss Francis, a sister of the Rev. 
 Convers Francis, D.D., of Harvard University. Her first 
 publication was Hobomok, a Tale of Early Times, 1824; 
 which was followed in 1825 by The Rebels, a Tale of the 
 Revolution. In 1831 she pub. The Mother's Book. 
 
 " This excellent work, while it displays the intelligence of the 
 enlightened instructor, breathes throughout the spirit of the affec 
 tionate Christian parent." Notice of the English reprint. 
 
 A History of the Condition of Women of all Ages and 
 Nations, and The Girl's Book, appeared in 1832, and The 
 Coronal, pieces in Prose and Verse, was pub. in 1833. In 
 1835 Mrs. Child gave to the world Philothea, a Romance 
 of Greece in the days of Pericles, which has been highly 
 recommended as a successful effort in a difficult field. In 
 1841 Mr. and Mrs. Child removed to New York, and as 
 sumed the editorial oversight of the Anti-Slavery Standard. 
 Mrs. Child's well-known letters to the editor of the Boston 
 Courier were collected into a volume under the title of 
 Letters from New York; a second series was pub. in 1845. 
 To this popular and instructive w,riter we are also indebted 
 for the following works: 
 
 The American Frugal Housewife. Appeal in Favour of 
 Africans. Biographies of Good Wives. Flowers for Chil 
 dren ; three parts. The Family Nurse. Memoirs of Ma 
 dame De Stael and Roland. Power of Kindness, and other 
 Stories. Rose Marion. Fact and Fiction. Isaac T. Hop 
 per: a True Life. The Progress of Religious Ideas through 
 Successive Ages, 1855, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Interesting particulars respecting Mrs. Child's literary 
 history, and specimens of her writings, will be found in 
 Griswold's Prose Writers of America; and Mrs. Hale's 
 Woman's R,ecord. 
 
 Child, Samuel. Every Man his own Brewer, Lon., 
 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Child, William, Mus. Doct., 1607-1697, B. A., Christ 
 Church College, Oxford, 1631; Mus. Doct., 1663; was for 
 65 years organist of Windsor Chapel. Psalms for three 
 Voices, Lon., 1639, 8vo. Some of his secular compositions 
 will be found in Court Airs, pub. in 1655 ; and his Services 
 and full Anthems are in Boyce's Collection. Some of his 
 compositions are in Dr. Tudway's MS. Collection of Eng 
 lish Church Music in British Museum. See Burney's and 
 Hawkins's Histories of Music. 
 
 Childe, C. F. Sermons at Walsall, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Childe, E. N. Edward Vernon, New York. 
 
 Childe, F. V. Trans, of Santarem's Americus Ves- 
 pucius and his Voyages. Boat., 1850, 12mo. 
 
 " An interesting little volume, and one which throws valuable 
 light on obscure portions of our history, of value to our own his 
 toriographers." 
 
 Children, John. A Public Caution, 8vo. 
 
 Children, John G. Chemical Con. to Phil. Trans., 
 1809, '15; to Phil. Mag. 1816 ; to Ann. Philos., 1816. 
 
 Childrey, Joshua, 1623-1670, of Magdalen Col 
 lege, Oxford; Archdeacon of Salisbury, 1663. Indago 
 Astrologica, Lon., 1652, 4to. Syzglasticon Instauratum, 
 1673, 8vo. Britannia Baconica, or the Natural Rarities 
 of England, historically related, according to the precepts 
 of Lord Bacon, 1661-62, 8vo ; in French, Paris, 1662- 
 67, 12mo. This work suggested to Dr. Plot his Natural 
 History of Oxfordshire. Con. to Phil. Trans., i. 516. 
 
 Childs, G. B. Improvement of the Female Figure, 
 Lon., 12mo. Operation of Lateral Curvature of the Spine, 
 r. 8vo. Medical Treatise, 12mo. 
 
 Childs, J. J. Picture Bible, Lon., 2 vols. 64mo. 
 
 Childs, Richard. Commercial Tables, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 Chillester, James. Trans, of Chelidonius's Hys- 
 torie of Christian Princes, <fec., Lon., 1571, 4to. 
 
 Chillinden, Edmund. Preaching without Ordina 
 tion, Lon., 1647, 4to. Nathan's Parable; with a Letter to 
 Cromwell, 1653, 4to. 
 
 Chillingworth, William, 1602-1644, was the son 
 of William Chillingworth, Mayor of Oxford. In 1618 
 he was admitted to Trinity College, of which he became 
 Fellow in 1628. He was noted at an early age for great 
 application to study, and that acuteness in controversy 
 which distinguished him in later years. 
 
 " He was then observed to be no drudge at his study, but being 
 a man of great parts, would do much in a little time when he 
 settled to it. He would often walk in the College grove, and con- 
 
CHI 
 
 template ; but when he met with any scholar there, he would 
 enter into discourse, and dispute with him, purposely to facilitate 
 and make the way of wrangling common with him, which was a 
 fashion used in those days, especially among the disputing theo- 
 logists or among those that set themselves apart purposely for 
 Divinity. But upon the change of the times, occasioned by the 
 Puritan, that way, forsooth, was accounted boyish and pedagogi 
 cal." Wood's Athf.n. Oxon. 
 
 He paid some attention to poetry, and was considered 
 by Sir John Suckling worthy of a place in his Session of 
 the Poets : 
 
 " There was Selden, and he sat hard by the chair, 
 Wai n man not far off, which was very fair, 
 Sands with Townshend, for they kept no order, 
 Digby and Chillingworth a little further." 
 Chillingworth's reputation for uncommon powers of 
 mind drew upon him the attention of the famous Jesuit, 
 John Fisher, alias John Perse, (his true name,) and by 
 dexterously plying him with his arguments in proof of 
 the infallibility of the Church of Rome, he persuaded 
 Chillingworth to embrace the religion of that communion, 
 and to go over to the College of the Jesuits, at Douay. 
 But his godfather, Laud, then Bishop of London, in his 
 correspondence with him, argued with such effect against 
 his new opinions, that in two months from the time he 
 left England, he returned home, and upon due examina 
 tion of the questions between the two churches, he re 
 turned to the communion of the Church of England. If 
 Laud had done nothing more than this for the Protestant 
 cause, he deserved better treatment than he has received 
 from those who have charged him with an inclination to 
 wards Popery. 
 
 As might have been anticipated, Chillingworth now be 
 came engaged in several controversies with his late fellow- 
 churchmen. A Jesuit named Matthias Wilson published 
 in 1630, under the name of Edward Knott, a little treatise 
 called Charity Mistaken, Ac. Dr. Potter answered this in 
 1633. The next year the Jesuit published a rejoinder, 
 entitled Mercy and Truth, or Charity maintained by Ca 
 tholics. It was in answer to this treatise, that in 1638 
 Chillingworth published his great work, The Religion of 
 Protestants a safe Way to Salvation, Ac. This book im 
 mediately became so popular, that two editions were pub 
 lished in five months. After overcoming some scruples 
 relative to the subscription to the Thirty-nine Articles, he 
 was promoted to the chancellorship of Salisbury, with the 
 prebend of Brixworth in Northamptonshire annexed. He 
 was a warm adherent of the Royal party, and was present 
 at the siege of Gloucester in 1643, where he made some 
 military suggestions, which were not acted on, for the 
 very excellent reason that the successful enemy prevented 
 the opportunity. He was taken prisoner shortly after by 
 the parliamentary forces, while suffering under sickness at 
 Arundel Castle : he was conveyed to the Bishop's palace at 
 Chichester, where he died about the 30th of January, 1644. 
 Chillingworth's Nine Sermons on Occasional Subjects 
 were pub. Lon., 1664. The Apostolical Institution of 
 Episcopacy, in 1644. Letter giving an account why he 
 deserted tbe Church of Rome, in 1704. In 1725 there 
 was published by M. Des Maizeaux, an Historical and 
 Critical Account of his Life. An edition of his works ap 
 peared in 1684, fol.; and the tenth edit, with corrections 
 and improvements was pub. in 1742, fol. New edit., Ox 
 ford Univ. Press, in 3 vols. Svo, 1838. Contents : Vol. I. 
 Life; Charity maintained by Catholics, with Prefaces. 
 II. Charity maintained, (continued.) III. Sermons; Addit. 
 Discourses; Answer to Rushworth's Dialogues; Against 
 Punishing Crimes with Death; Index to Charity main 
 tained. 
 
 Wood declares that the Royal party in Chichester 
 looked upon the impertinent discourses of Cheynell (a 
 Nonconformist divine, who attended Chillingworth in his 
 last illness,) as " a shortening of his days." This man 
 published a work called Chillingworthi Novissima : or the 
 Sickness, Heresy, Death, and Burial of William Chilling- 
 worth, 1644, concerning which an eminent authority 
 remarks : 
 
 " One of the most villainous books that ever was printed : it is 
 the quintessence of railing, and ought to be kept, or regarded, as 
 the pattern and standard of that sort of writing ; as the man he 
 spends it upon, for that of good nature, and clear and strong 
 argument." JOHN LOCKE. 
 
 We might fill many pages with encomiastic opinions of 
 our author, and his principal work. 
 
 " Hobbes of Malmsbury would often say that he was like a 
 lusty, fighting fellow, that did drive his enemies before him, but 
 would often give his own party smart back blows; and it was the 
 current opinion of the University that he and Lucius, Lord Falk 
 land, had such extraordinary clear reason, that, if the great Turk 
 or devil were to be converted, they were able to do it." 
 " I know not how it comes to pass, but so it is, that every one 
 
 CHI 
 
 that offers to give a reasonable account of his faith, and to esta 
 blish religion upon rational principles, is presently branded for a 
 Socinian ; of which we have a sad instance in that incomparable 
 person Mr. Chillingworth, the glory of this age and nation." 
 ARCHBISHOP TILLGTSON. 
 
 Mr. Locke recommends the last-quoted author as a pat 
 tern for the attainment of the art of speaking clearly, and 
 then proceeds to remark : 
 
 "Besides perspicuity, there must be also right reasoning, with 
 out which perspicuity serves but to expose the speaker. And for 
 attaining of this, I should propose the constant reading of Chil 
 lingworth, who, by his example, will teach both perspicuity, and 
 the way of right reasoning, better than any book that I know, 
 and therefore will deserve to be road upon that account over and 
 over again, not to say any thing of his argument." Some Thoughts 
 concerning Heading and Study for a Gentleman. 
 Lord Clarendon tells us that 
 
 " Mr. Chillingworth was a man of so great subtilty of tinder- 
 standing, and so rare a temper in debate, that as it was impossible 
 to provoke him into any passion, so it was very difficult to keep a 
 man's self from being a little discomposed by his sharpness, and 
 quickness of argument, and instances, in which he had a rare 
 facility, and a great advantage over all the men I ever knew." 
 
 "Those who desire to know the doctrines of the Church of Eng 
 land, must read especially Chillingworth's admirable book, The 
 Religion of Protestants." MOSHEIM. 
 
 Chillingworth's "new creed was built on the principle, that the 
 Bible is our sole judge, and private reason our sole interpreter ; 
 and he most ably maintains this position in the Religion of a 
 Protestant, a book which is still esteemed the most solid defence 
 of the Reformation." EDWARD GIBBON. 
 
 He was " the best reasoner jnd the most acute logician of his 
 age." DR. REID. 
 
 " His great excellency consisted in his acquired logic, the syllo 
 gisms of Aristotle and Crakenthorp having been a principal part 
 of his studies." DR. BARLOW. 
 
 " In testimony of his true conversion, he wrote a book entituled, 
 The Religion of Protestants a safe way to Salvation, against Mr. 
 Knott the Jesuit. I will not say, ' Malo nodo malus quaerendus 
 est cuneus,' but affirm no person better qualified than this author 
 with all necessary accomplishments to encounter a Jesuit. It is 
 commonly reported that Dr. Prideaux compared his book to a 
 lamprey; fit for food, if the venomous sting were taken out of the 
 back thereof: a passage, in my opinion, inconsistent with the 
 doctor's approbation, prefixed in the beginning of his book." 
 Fuller's Worthies. 
 
 Lord Mansfield mentions Chillingworth as a perfect 
 model of argumentation. Bishop Warburton observes 
 that the student 
 
 " Will see all the school jargon of the subtle Jesuit incomparably 
 exposed ; and the long dispute between the two churches, for the 
 first time, placed upon its proper immovable ground, the Bible 
 alone." 
 
 " If you would have your son reason well, let him read Chilling- 
 worth." LOCKE : On Education. 
 
 For a comparison between Chillingworth, Barrow, Tay 
 lor, and Hooker, see BARROW. 
 
 Mr. Hallam, in comparing Chillingworth with his po 
 lemical adversary Knott, remarks that 
 
 "Knott is by no means a despicable writer; he is concise, po 
 lished, and places in an. advantageous light the great leading 
 arguments of his Church. Chillingworth, with a more diffuse and 
 less elegant style, is greatly superior in impetuosity and warmth. 
 In his long parenthetical periods, as in those of other old English 
 writers; in his copiousness, which is never empty or tautological, 
 there is an inartificial elegance, springing from strength of intel 
 lect and sincerity of feeling, that cannot fail to impress the reader. 
 But his chief excellence is the close reasoning, which avoids every 
 dangerous admission, and yields to no ambiguousness of language. 
 . . . The work of Chillingworth may at least be understood and 
 appreciated without reference to any other; the condition, per 
 haps, of real superiority in all productions of the mind." Intro 
 duction to the Literature of Europe. 
 
 Chi 1m cad, Edward, 1610-1653, clerk of Magdalen 
 College, Oxford. Catalogus MSS. Grsecorum in Bibl. 
 Bod., 1636 j a MS. for the use of the Bodleian, and the 
 most complete of its time. Chilmead wrote some learned 
 works, and pub. translations from Ferrand, Modena, Ac. 
 His tract, De Musica antiqua Grseca, was printed at the 
 end of the Oxford edit, of Aratus, 1672. His work on 
 Globes, Celestial and Terrestrial, appeared in 1639, 8vo. 
 Chilton, John. Positive Institutions, Lon., 1730, Svo. 
 Chilton, Richard. Observations rel. to Anabaptism, 
 Ac., Lon., 1748, Svo. 
 
 Chipman, Daniel. Law of Contracts, Middlebury, 
 1822, Svo. See Hoffman's Leg. Stu., 385. Reports of 
 Cases in the Supreme Court of Vermont, 1789-1824, Mid 
 dlebury, 1824, Svo; Burlington, 1835. Life of.Nath. Chip 
 man, with selections from his Papers, Boston, 1846, Svo. 
 Chipman, Nath. Principles of Government,! 793,8vo. 
 " The style of this work is very involved and obscure. His 
 thoughts are not distinct, and the work, as a whole, is too ab 
 stract and inconclusive to be of much service to practical men." 
 13 A. J., 465. 
 
 Chippendale, Thomas. Household Furniture. 
 1762, fol. 
 
 Chirol, J. L. 1. Serm. 2. Inquiry, 1810, '20, Svo. 
 Chisenhale, Sir Edward. Catholike History, Lon., 
 
CHI 
 
 1653, 12mo. Elicited by Thos. Vane's Lost Sheep Re 
 turned Home, 1648, Svo. 
 
 Chisholm, Mrs. Caroline, b. 1810, Wooton, North 
 amptonshire, Eng. Voluntary Information of the People 
 of New South Wales. See Memoirs and Sketches of, by 
 Mackenzie, 12mo. 
 
 Chisholm, Colin, M.D. Profess, treat., 1795-1813. 
 
 Chishull, Edmund, d. 1733, a native of Bedford 
 shire, M.A., Corpus Christi College, 1693 ; Chaplain to the 
 English Factory at Smyrna, 1698-1705 ; Vicar of Wal- 
 tharastow, 1711; Rector of South Church, Essex, 1731. 
 A charge of Heresy against Dodwell, 1706, Svo. Serms., 
 1708, '11, '12, '14, '16, '18, '19. Mr. C. paid much atten 
 tion to Classical Antiquities. Inscriptio Sigae antiquissima, 
 Lon., 1721, fol. Antiquitates Asiaticse, fec., 1728, fol. In 
 this learned work are included previous publications of 
 the author. Travels in Turkey and back to England, 1747, 
 fol. ; pub. by the learned Dr. Mead. 
 
 Chishull, John. Theolog. Treatises, 1657, '58. 
 
 Chisman, Chris. The Lamb contending with the 
 Lion, 1649, 4to. 
 
 Chittenden, Thomas, 1730-1797, first Governor of 
 Vermont. Several of his Letters to Congress and to Gene 
 ral Washington have been pub. See Williams's Vermont; 
 Graham's Sketch of V. 
 
 Chitty, Edward. An Index to all the Reported 
 Cases, <fcc. in the English and Irish Courts of Equity to 
 August, 1837, 2d edit., Lon., 1867 ; 3d edit, brought down 
 to 1853, by James Macauley, 4 vols. roy. Svo, Lon., 1853 ; 
 Phila., 1831, 2 vols. Svo. Chitty, E., and Foster, F. j A 
 Digested Index to C. L. R., relative to Conveyancing and 
 Bankruptcy, from 1558 to the present time, Lon., 1841, 
 Svo. Chitty, E., and Montagu, B. ; Cases in Bankruptcy 
 in C. of R. and S. C., 1838-40, Lon., 1840, Svo. 
 
 Chitty, Henry. A Treatise on the Law of Descents, 
 Lon., 1825, Svo. 
 
 Chitty, Jos., 1776-1841, an eminent special pleader, 
 was called to the Bar by the honourable Society of the 
 Middle Temple in 1816. As a legal author he long occu 
 pied the first rank. On the Laws of Bills of Exchange, 
 Lon., 1799, Svo ; 9th edit, by J. H. Chitty and J. W. Hulme, 
 1840, Svo; 10th Amer. edit, Springfield, 1842, Svo, new 
 edit, 1849, Svo. The Precedents of General Issues, &c., 
 Lon., 1805. Pleadings and Parties to Actions, Lon., 1808, 
 2 vols. Svo j 7th edit, by H. Greening, Lon., 1844, 2 vols. 
 Svo; 8th Amer. edit, Springfield, 1844; llth Amer. edit, 
 by J. C. Perkins, 1847, 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 u No practical lawyer can dispense with this book. The student 
 should familiarize himself with every part of it." 
 
 Law relative to Apprentices and Journeymen, Lon., 
 
 1811, Svo. Prospectus of a Course of Lectures on the 
 Commercial Laws, 1810; new edit, 1836. Law of Nations 
 relative to Belligerents and Neutrals, Lon., 1812, Svo ; 
 Boston, 1812, Svo. Beawes's Lex Mercatoria, 6th edit, 
 
 1812, 2 vols. 4to. Game Laws and Fisheries, Lon., 1812, 
 2 vols. Svo. Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Lon., 1818, 
 2 vols. Svo. Laws of Commerce and Manufactures, and 
 the Contracts relating thereto, Lon., 1825, 4 vols. Svo. 
 Practical Treatise on the Criminal Law, Lon., 1818, 4 vols. 
 Svo; Amer. edit by J. C. Perkins, New York, 1847, 3 
 vols. Svo. 
 
 " It has had an extended circulation throughout the United 
 States, and has hitherto been more generally used than any other 
 book upon criminal law." Marvin's Legal Bibl. ; Ball's Journal 
 ofL.,\QA.J. 371. 
 
 Reports of Cases principally on Practice and Pleading, 
 &c. in C. K. B., Lon., 1819, '20, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Practice of the Court of King's Bench, Common Pleas, 
 and Exchequer, Lon., 1832, 12mo. 
 
 " From the masterly book of Mr. Tidd, or from the admirably ar 
 ranged one of Mr. Archbold, it never can be conceived that the 
 Profession will fly to this crude and undigested notice of Reports 
 of Practice." Legal Exam., 110. 
 
 Amendments of Variances, &c., 2d edit, Lon., 1834, 
 Svo. Practical Treatise on Medical Jurisprudence, <fcc., 
 Part L, Lon., 1834, Svo; all that was pub., Phil., 1836, 
 8vo. Mr. Chitty at one time studied Medicine, and has 
 given ua his learning in this work, unfortunately in 
 complete. 
 
 Invaluable to lawyer or medical man." Chitty's eminence as 
 a lawyer is well appreciated, although it is not known that he was 
 originally educated for the medical profession. This work was his 
 own favourite subject, and he laboured incessantly to render it 
 perfect, availing himself of assistance and works of all eminent 
 men, Dr. Beck, Darwall, Paris, Fonblanque, Gordon Smith. Ryan 
 Quain, Elliotson, Blumenbach, Good, Astley Cooper, Copeland 
 Prichard, Gray, Thomson, Farr, Fordyce, Wilcocke, Lancet, Medi 
 cal Gazette, Journal, Bell, Amos, Edwards, Turner, Bostock, Law 
 rence, Lizars. Cuvier, Young, and numerous others." 
 
 Concise View of the Principles, Object, and Utility of 
 380 
 
 CHO 
 
 Pleadings, 2d edit, Lon., 1835, 2 vols. Svo. General Prac 
 tice of the Law in all its Departments, 3d edit, Lon., 
 1837-42; Phila., 1836-40, 4 vols. Svo. 
 
 " Valuable as are Mr. Chitty's former labours, and highly as 
 they are appreciated by the profession, we have no hesitation in 
 expressing our conviction that the merits and usefulness of the 
 present work will entitle him to claim from them a double debt 
 of gratitude.'' London Law Magazine. 
 
 " It is the only work of modern days that really presents, as it 
 professes, a connected view of the whole system of the civil ad 
 ministration of justice, in every department as it now exists; and 
 is, therefore, well calculated to become a companion to Black- 
 stone's Commentaries." Warren's Law Studies. 
 
 (And J. W. Hulme;) Collection of Statutes of practical 
 Utility, Lon., 1837, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "The best work of the kind extant." Warren's Law Studies. 
 Practical Treatises on the Stamp Laws, 2d edit, by 
 J. W. Hulme, Lon., 1841, 12m o. Vattel's Law of Na 
 tions ; a new edit by J. C. ; 7th Amer. edit, with Notes 
 and References by E. D. Ingraham, Esq., Phila., 1852, 
 Svo. The 1st edit of Vattel was pub. in Switzerland in 
 1758 ; in English, 1760. Mr. Chitty thus commends it : 
 
 " I affirm, without the hazard of a contradiction, that every one 
 who has attentively read Vattel's work, will admit that he has ac 
 quired a knowledge of superior sentiments, and more important 
 information than he ever derived from any other work. 
 Mr. Chitty's edition deserves high praise : 
 " The reader and student of Monsieur Vattel's work cannot fail 
 to admire the style and manner in which the grave and difficult 
 subjects of which it treats are elucidated and discussed. There is 
 a clearness and conciseness, and at the same time, an eloquence 
 in these commentaries, presented even in the translation, which 
 entitle them, apart from their weight of authority, to a place by 
 the side of Blackstone." Lon. Literary World. 
 
 Mr. Chitty's edit of Blackstone should accompany the 
 above volume. Several members of Mr. Chitty's family 
 have distinguished themselves as legal authors or editors, 
 (q. v.) 
 
 Chitty, Joseph, Jr. A Treatise on the Law of the 
 Prerogatives of the Crown, and the relative Duties and 
 Rights of the Subject, Lon., 1820, 8vo. 
 " A valuable work." Petersdorfs Led. 64. 
 
 Precedents in Reading, <fcc., edited by Henry Pearson 
 and Thompson Chitty, Lon., 1836, 2 parts, Svo. Amer. 
 edit, Springfield, 1839, 2 vols. 8vo. Bills of Exchange, 
 <fec., Lon., 1834, 2 vols. Svo. Summary of the Office and 
 Duties of Constables, Lon., 1837, 12mo; 3d edit, by T. 
 W. Saunders, 1844, 12mo. Law of Contracts not under 
 Seal, <fec. ; 3d edit., corrected, rearranged, and enlarged by 
 T. Chitty, Lon., 1840, Svo; 6th Amer., from the 3d Lon., 
 edit, with addits. by J. C. Perkins, Springfield, 1844, Svo. 
 "I ought not to omit to recommend Chitty on Contracts. The 
 book is skilfully arranged, clearly written, the cases well classified, 
 and most fully collected. For both the student and practitioner 
 this work is equally useful, instructive, and necessary." PKOF. 
 WHITESIDE. 
 
 Chitty, T. Forms of Practical Proceedings in the 
 Courts of Q. B., C. P., and Exchequer of Pleas, Lon., 1834, 
 Svo; 7th edit, 1845, 12mo. 
 
 Choate, Rufus, b. 1799, at Ipswich, Massachusetts, 
 an eminent lawyer and late United States Senator from 
 Mass., graduated at Dartmouth College in 1819. He was 
 chosen a tutor in that institution, but preferred the pro 
 fession of the Law, and entered the Law School at Cam 
 bridge. His orations, several of which have been pub., 
 have been greatly admired. In 1832 he was elected a 
 member of Congress from the Essex district. In 1841 he 
 was elected a U. S. Senator in place of Daniel Webster, 
 resigned. 
 
 Cholmley, Hugh. State of the New Roman Church, 
 1629, Svo. 
 
 Cholmondeley. The Four Gospels, Lon., 1836, r. Svo. 
 See Home's Bib. Bibl. 
 
 Chorley, H. F. Conti, and other Tales, Lon., 3 vols. 
 p. Svo. Lion, 3 vols. p. Svo. Music and Manners in France 
 and Germany, 3 vols. p. Svo, 1841. Pomfret, 3 vols. p. Svo, 
 1845. Sketches of a Sea Port Town, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Memo 
 rials of Mrs. Hemans. The Authors of England ; 15 plates ; 
 with Biog. and Crit, Sketches, by H. F. C., 1838, r. 4to. 
 
 "An annual of the first magnitude and importance." Lon. 
 Spectator. 
 
 " This, for the present season, shall be our Annual. The piites 
 are exquisitely engraved." Lon. Athenatum. 
 
 Chorley, Joseph. Metrical Index to the Bible, 
 Norw., 1711, 8vo. 
 
 Chorley, William B., b. about 1800, in Lancashire, 
 Eng. ; older brother of H. F. Chorley. Translated Lyrics 
 of Korner from the German, Liverpool, 1835, 12mo. 
 
 Chorlton, Thomas. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1773, Svo. 
 
 Choules, John Overton, D.D., b. 1801, at Bristol, 
 Eng.; settledin America, 1824. Historyof Missions, 2 vols. 
 4to, plates ; 3d ed., 1840. Christian Offering. Young Ameri- 
 
CHO 
 
 CHU 
 
 cans Abroad, 1852. Cruise of Steam Yacht "North Star," 
 1854, 12mo. Ed. Neal's Hist, of the Puritans, with copious 
 notes; Foster's Lives of the Statesmen of the Common 
 wealth ; Hinton's U. States, 2 vols. 4to, 1824-53. Con 
 tributor to various Religious Journals. 
 
 Chovenus, Thos. Collections Theologicae, Lon., 
 1635, 8vo. 
 
 Christian, Edward. Reflections. &c. rel. to the mur 
 der of Sir E. Godfrey, Lon., 1679, foL 
 
 Christian, Edward, d. 1823, Professor of the Laws 
 of England in the University of Cambridge, was educated 
 at St. John's College, Cambridge. A Vindication of the 
 Rights of the Universities of G. B. to a copy of every new 
 publication, 3d edit., Lon., 1818, 8vo. Rules of Evidence 
 before the House of Lords, 1792, Svo. Blackstone's Com 
 mentaries, with copious Notes, 1795, 4 vols. Svo. Origin 
 of the Two Houses of Parliament, 1810, Svo. Syllabus of 
 Lectures, 1797, Svo. Bankrupt Laws, 2d edit., 1818, 2 vols. 
 Svo. Every statute and general order of the chancellor is 
 considered chronologically. Game Laws, 1816, Svo. Plan 
 for a country Provident Bank, 1816, 8vo. Other treatises. 
 
 Christian, Edward. Minutes of C. Martial rel. to 
 the Mutiny on the "Bounty," 1792. 
 
 Christian, L,t. T. P. Plays, Ac., 1790, '91, '95. 
 
 Christian, Theoph. The Fashionable World dis 
 played, 1804. 
 
 Christie, Alex. Theolog. treatises, Montrose, 1790. 
 
 Christie, Hugh, 1730-1774. Educational works, 
 1760, '91. 
 
 Christie, J. Con. to Med. and Phys. Jour., 1799, 1SOO. 
 
 Christie, J. Traill. Concise Precedents of Wills, 
 Lon., 1S49, 12mo. 
 
 Christie, James, d. 1831, an antiquary and auc 
 tioneer of London. Inquiry into the Ancient Greek Game, 
 supposed to have been invented by Palamedes, &c., Lon., 
 1801, 4to. Etruscan Vases, 1809, fol. ; 100 copies printed. 
 An Essay on the earliest species of Idolatry, the Worship 
 of the Elements, 1S15, Svo. Painted Greek Vases,1825, 4to. 
 
 Christie, James. Analysis of a Report, <fcc., Lon., 
 1847, Svo. 
 
 Christie, Thomas, 1761-1796, a native of Montrose. 
 Letters on the Revolution of France, Lon., 1791, Svo. 
 Miscellanies; Philosophical, Medical, and Moral, 1792,8v. 
 
 Christie, Thomas, M.D. Small Pox, &c., 1799, 1811. 
 
 Christie, W.D. Plea for Perpetual Copyright, Lon., 
 1840, Svo. 
 
 Christie, William, 1710-1744. Latin Grammar, &c. 
 
 Christison, Alex. General Diffusion of Knowledge, 
 Edin., 1802. Mathemat. con. to Ann. Philos., 1815, '17. 
 
 Christison, John. Simson's Euclid; new edit., Svo. 
 
 Christison, Robert, M.D., Prof. Materia Medica, 
 Univ. Edin. A Dispensatory; Amer. ed., with addits. by 
 R. E. Griffith, M.D., Phila,, 1848, Svo. 
 
 " It appears to us as perfect as a Dispensatory, in the present 
 state of the pharmaceutical science, could be made." Western 
 Journal of Medicine and Surgery. 
 
 Granular Degeneration of the Kidneys, Lon., 1838, Svo. 
 A Treatise on Poisons, 4th edit., Edin., 1844, Svo. 1st Amer. 
 from the 4th English edit., Phila., 1S45, Svb. 
 
 "It is beyond comparison the most valuable practical Treatise 
 on Toxicology extant." ion. Med. and Phys. Journal. 
 
 "Dr. Christison's great work on Poisons, by far the best in Me 
 dical Jurisprudence in our language." Blackwood's Mag. 
 
 4i One of the greatest additions that has been made to the stores 
 of Medical, and especially of Medico-legal, Literature." Buchrier's 
 Repertorium. 
 
 " It exhausts the subject, and is of the highest authority." 2 
 Wett. Law Journal, 432. 
 
 Christmas, Henry, Rev. Cradle of Twin Giants: 
 Science and History, Lon., 2 vols. p. Svo. Sundry theo 
 logical treatises. Preachers and Preaching, 1858, fp. 
 Svo. 
 
 Christmas, Joseph S. Valedictory Admonit., 1828. 
 
 Christopherson, John, d. 1558, Bishop of Chiches- 
 ter, educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, opposed 
 the Reformation. Trans, of Philo Judaeus into *Latin, 
 Antw., 1553, 4to. Trans, of the Ecclesiastical Histories 
 of Eusebius, Socrates, Sozornon, Evagrius, and Theodoret, 
 Louv., 1570, Svo; Cologne, 1570, fol. The Tragedy of 
 Jephtha, both in Latin and Greek; about 1546 : probably 
 a Christmas Play for Trinity College. Exhortation to all 
 Menne to take Hede and Beware of Rebellion, Lon., 1553, 
 '54, 16mo. 
 
 Christy, David, b. 1S02, in Ohio. Letters on the 
 Geology of the West and South-West. Chemistry of Agri 
 culture. Lectures on Colonization. This work was favour 
 ably noticed by the Westminster Rev. History of Missions 
 in Africa. Elements of Slavery. Billy McConnell, the 
 Witch-Doctor, &c. 
 
 Chubb, Thomas, 1679-1746, a literary tallow-chand 
 ler. The Supremacy of the Father asserted, Lon., 1715, Svo. 
 The Previous Question with regard to Religion, and a Sup 
 plement, 1725, Svo. Three Tracts, 1727, Svo. A Collec 
 tion of Tracts, 1730, Svo. A Discourse concerning Reason 
 with regard to Religion and Divine Revelation, 1731, Svo. 
 An Enquiry, <fcc., 1732, Svo. Memoirs, 1747, Svo. Tracts 
 and Posthumous Works, 1754, 6 vols. Svo. For a confu 
 tation of Chubb's follies, see Leland's Deistical Writers; 
 Lemoine on Miracles ; Mosheim's Eccles. Hist. ; Van Mil- 
 dert's Boyle Lectures. 
 
 " He acts the part of a solemn, grave buffoon ; sneers at all 
 things he does not understand; and after all his fair promises, and 
 the caveat he has entered against such a charge, must unavoidably 
 be set down in the seat of the scorner." DR. LAW. 
 
 Chubb, William. Sermons, <fcc., Lon., 1585. 
 
 Chudleigh, Sir George. Declaration, Lon., 1644,4to. 
 
 Chudleigh, James. Exploits Discovered, &c., Lon., 
 1643, 4to. 
 
 Chudleigh, Lady Mary, 1656-1710, wife of Sir 
 George Chudleigh, was a daughter of Richard Lee of De 
 vonshire. Poems, Lon., 1703 ; 3d edit., 1722, Svo. Essays 
 in Prose and Verse, 1710, Svo. For a number of her letters, 
 see Curll's Collection, vol. 3d ; and the Memoirs of Richard 
 Guinnett and Mrs. Thomas, 1731, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " Her Essays discover an uncommon degree of piety and know 
 ledge; and a noble contempt of those vanities which the generality 
 of her rank so eagerly pursue." Bollard's British Ladies. 
 
 Lady Mary, it is said, left in MS. a number of tragedies, 
 operas, masques, <fec. 
 
 Church, Albert E., b. Salisbury, Conn., Prof. Math. 
 U.S. Military Acad., West Point. Elements of Analytical 
 Geometry. Elements of the Differential and Integral Calcu 
 lus ; containing the Elements of the Calculus of Variations. 
 
 < ; The works of Prof. Church are used in many of the best Col 
 leges throughout the United States." 
 
 Church, Benjamin, 1639-1718, of Duxbury, Massa 
 chusetts. History of Philip's War, compiled from his MS. 
 by his son Thomas Church, 1716; 4th ed., with Notes by 
 S. G. Drake, 1827. See Church's Narrative. 
 
 Church, Benjamin, M.D., of Boston, Mass. Elegy 
 on the Times, 1765; on Dr. Mayhew, 1766; on the Death 
 of Whitefield, 1770. Oration, 1773. See Thacher's Medi 
 cal Biog. 
 
 Church, C. C. A Due Ordination as necessary as a 
 Due Call to the Gospel Priesthood, Sermon, 1797. 
 
 Church, Daniel, or Ecclesiensis, a domestic in 
 the Court of Henry II., circ, 1180. Parvus Cato, trans. 
 by Burgh, and afterwards by John Lydgate. Printed by 
 Caxton, Lon., fol., sine anno. 
 
 Church, Mrs. Eliza Rodman, (n^eMcIllvane,) 
 b. 1831. She has written under the nom de plume of 
 Ella Rodman. Her works are Flights of Fancy, N.Y., 
 12mo. Grandmother's Recollections, N.Y., 1851, 12mo. 
 The Catanese, N.Y., 1853. Christinas Wreath, Phila., 1857. 
 Contrib. to various magazines. 
 
 Church, Henry. Nature of God and his Attributes, 
 Lon., 1637, fol. Church Incense. 
 
 " Here many secrets in Scripture are unveiled." 
 
 Church Incense, or Divine Ejaculations, Lon.,1665,12mo* 
 This is ascribed by Lowndes to Nath. Church. 
 
 Church, John. Infant Baptism, Lon., 1648, 4to. 
 
 Church, John, Surgeon. A Cabinet of Quadrupeds, 
 Lon., 1795-1805, 2 vols. 4to; 9; in 43 Nos. 
 
 "A beautiful and interesting work. The representations are 
 remarkable for the singular elegance of the designs and engrav 
 ings." British Critic. 
 
 Con. to Memoirs Med., 17S9, '92. 
 
 Church, Nath. 1. Cheap Riches ; or a Pocket Com 
 panion made of Five Hundred Proverbiall Aphoristnes, &c., 
 Lon., 1654, 12mo. 2. Divine Ejaculations, 1665, 12mo, 
 This is ascribed by Watt to Henry Church. 
 
 Church, Pharcellus. Mapleton; or, More Work 
 for the Maine Law, N. York, 1854, 12mo. 
 
 "We see plainly before us, panorama-like, in living pictures, the 
 horrid effects of the use of intoxicating liquors." 
 
 Other works. 
 
 Church, Richard. National Education in England, 
 Lon., 1854, Svo. 
 
 " It embraces all the debatable questions of national education, 
 (omitting only the subjects that should be taught,) and it deals 
 with them with a master's hand." Westminster Review. 
 
 Church, Thomas. His Remonstrance, Lon., 1644, 4to. 
 
 Church, Thomas, D.D., 1707-1756, educated at Bra- 
 
 senose College, Oxford, Prebendary of St. Paul's, wrote 
 
 several controversial treatises, <fec. A Vindication of the 
 
 Miraculous Powers, &c., in answer to Dr. Middleton's Free 
 
 Inquiry, 1750, Svo. A Second Vindication, 1751, Svo. 
 
 j Analysis of the Philos. Works of Bolingbroke. Serms., 
 
 1 1748, '51, '52, '53, '54, '55, '56, '68, '78. Other works. 
 
GHU 
 
 CIIU 
 
 Churchey, William. Poems, Essays, Ac., Lon., 1789, 
 1804. 
 
 Churchill, Col. Ten Years' Residence on Mount Le 
 banon, from 1842-52, Lon., 1854, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 " A valuable and interesting work." 
 Churchill, Lord. Letter to the King, fol. 
 Churchill, Charles, 1731-1764, a native of West 
 minster, of which parish his father was curate, was educated 
 at Westminster School, and resided for a short time at 
 Trinity College, Cambridge. A clandestine marriage at an 
 early age indicated a want of prudence, which was after 
 wards manifested in a remarkable degree. In 1756 he was 
 ordained priest by Bishop Sherlock, and two years later 
 succeeded his father in the curacy and lectureship of St. 
 John's at Westminster. About this time his parishioners 
 were much shocked by the very unclerical deportment of 
 their pastor, who was more frequently to be found at the 
 theatre than in his library, and who neglected the society 
 of grave and reverend prelates for companionship with 
 some of the most dissipated " men about town." External 
 decency soon followed forsaken principles, and the clergy 
 man shortly appeared, to the wonder of the town, in a blue 
 coat, ruffles, and gold-laced hat ! He had already tried his 
 powers as a poet. ~ The Bard, written in 1759, was rejected 
 by the booksellers, and The Conclave, a satire upon the 
 Dean and Chapter of Westminster, was suppressed by the 
 influence of Churchill's friends. In 1761, after being re 
 fused five guineas for The Rosciad a satire upon the per 
 formers at Drury Lane and Covent-Garden theatres he 
 pub. it at his own risk in March, 1761. Its success sur 
 passed his most extravagant hopes. The Critical Reviewers 
 showed it no mercy, and Churchill retorted in The Apology. 
 Dr. Pearce, the Dean of Westminster, took the triumphant 
 and gratified author seriously to task for such dereliction 
 from his professional duties and character. Churchill was 
 in no mood to be reasoned with, and he at once resigned 
 his post, and became an avowed man of the world we are 
 sorry to say in the worst sense of the term. He even de 
 serted his wife, who had shared his privations in the strait 
 ened circumstances of earlier days, and thus walking "in 
 the counsel of the ungodly," we soon find him occupying 
 " the seat of the scorner," and casting off all fear of Hea 
 ven. That notorious profligate and abandoned debauchee, 
 John Wilkes, was a proper mate for such an apostate, and 
 in him Churchill confided as his Guide, Philosopher, and 
 Friend. Wilkes made him pay for the honour of his com 
 pany, and instigated him to write The Prophecy of Famine, 
 a Scots Pastoral, 1763, 4to, which he said was sure to suc 
 ceed, as it was at once personal, poetical, and political. It 
 is a bitter satire against the Scottish nation. He had pre 
 viously given to the world, Night, a Poem, 1761, 4to. The 
 Ghost, in 4 Books, 1762, '63, 4to. Epistle to Hogarth, 1763, 
 4to. (The painter had represented Churchill in the form 
 of a bear, dressed canonically, with ruffles at his paws, and 
 holding a pot of porter.) The Conference, a Poem, 1763, 
 4to. To the Prophecy of Famine succeeded The Duellist, 
 1763, 4to. The Author; Gotham; The Candidate; Inde 
 pendence; The Times;. Farewell; all 1764, 4to. The Jour 
 ney was pub. after his death ; also a vol. of sermons. In 
 1764 Churchill visited the Continent to embrace his friend 
 Wilkes, who had 
 
 " Left his country for his country's good," 
 and was residing in France. The friends met at Boulogne ; 
 but almost amidst the first congratulations, Churchill was 
 attacked with the military fever, and after a few days' ill 
 ness he was summoned to his " dread account," at the early 
 age of 34. It was reported that his last exclamation was, 
 "What a fool I have been!" Wilkes denied this : we should 
 not have expected him to admit it, if undoubtedly true. 
 His own character, as well as Churchill's, was at stake. 
 That the erring poet experienced remorse, if not repentance, 
 for his transgressions, may be fairly inferred from some 
 memorable lines in The s Conference : 
 
 "The tale which angry Conscience tells, 
 When she with more than tragic horror swells 
 Each circumstance of guilt; when stern, but true, 
 She brings bad actions forth into review, 
 And, like the dread hand-writing on the wall 
 Bids late remorse awake at Reason's call : 
 Armed at all points, bids scorpion vengeance pass 
 
 And to the mind holds up reflection's glass, 
 
 The mind which starting heaves the heart-felt groan. 
 And hates that form she knows to be her own." 
 A volume of Churchill's Sermons on the Lord's Prayer 
 (by some attributed to C.'s father) were pub. in 1765, 8vo. 
 Prefixed is a satirical dedication (which induced the pub 
 lishers to give 250 for the ten sermons) to Bishop Warbur- 
 ton, in which that dignitary is addressed as " Doctor, Dean, 
 Bishop, Gloster, and My Lord." An edit of his works was 
 
 i pub. in 1754, 4to; 1774, 4 vols. 12mo; with Life by W 
 Tooke, 1804, 2 vols. Svo. Churchill's poetry attracted little 
 attention after his death, and is now almost entirely neg 
 lected. 
 
 "No English poet had ever enjoyed so excessive and so short 
 
 lived a popularity ; and, indeed, no one seems more thoroughly to 
 
 have understood his own powers; there is no indication in any of 
 
 his pieces that he could have done any thing better than the thing 
 
 he did. To Wilkes he said that nothing came out till he began to 
 
 be pleased with it himself; but, to the public, he boasted of the 
 
 haste and carelessness with which his verses were poured forth. . . . 
 
 ' When the mad fit comes on I seize the pen ; 
 
 Rough as they run, the rapid thoughts set down, 
 
 Rough as they run, discharge them on the town.' " 
 
 Cowper was a great admirer of the poetry of a man whose 
 principles or want of them he could not but detest: 
 
 "He is, indeed, a careless writer for the most part; but where 
 shall we find in any of those authors who finish their works witM 
 the exactness of a Flemish pencil, those bold and daring strokes 
 of fancy, those numbers so hazardously ventured, and so happily 
 finished, the matter so compressed, and yet so clear, and the colour 
 so sparingly laid on, and yet with such a beautiful effect? In short, 
 it is not the least praise that he is never guilty of those faults as a 
 writer,' which he lays to the charge of others. A proof that he did 
 not charge from a borrowed standard, or from rules laid down by 
 critics, but that he was qualified to do it by his own native powers, 
 and his great superiority of genius." 
 
 " Churchill may be ranked as a satirist immediately after Pope 
 and Dry den, with perhaps a greater share of humour 'than either. 
 He has the bitterness of Pope, with less wit to atone for it, but no 
 mean share of the fine manner and energetic plainness of Dryden." 
 THOMAS CAMPBELL. 
 
 Churchill, F. F., D.D. Serm., 1773, 4to. 
 
 Churchill, Fleetwood, M.D. On the Theory and 
 Practice of Midwifery, Dublin, 2d ed., 1850, Svo. Amer. 
 edit., from the last edit, with Notes and Addits., by D. 
 Francis Condie, M.D., Phila., 1851, Svo. 
 
 " The lecturer, the practitioner, and the student, may all have 
 recourse to its pages, and derive from their perusal much interest 
 and instruction in every thing relating to theoretical and practical 
 midwifery." Dublin Quar. Jour, of Med. Science. 
 
 Researches on Operative Midwifery, Dublin, 1841, Svo. 
 Essays on the Puerperal Fever, and other Diseases Peculiar 
 to Women; Amer. edit., by Dr. Condie, Phila., 1850, Svo. 
 
 "To these papers Dr. Churchill has appended notes, embodj'ing 
 whatever information has been laid before the profession since their 
 author's time. He has also prefixed to the Essays on Puerperal 
 Fever, which occupy the larger portion of the volume, an interest 
 ing historical sketch of the principal epidemics of that disease. 
 The whole forms a very valuable collection of papers, by profes 
 sional writers of eminence, on some of the most important acci 
 dents to which the puerperal female is liable." American Journal 
 of Medical Sciences. 
 
 On the Diseases of Women, Dublin ; 3d ed., 1851, 12mo. 
 A new Amer. ed., revised by the Author ; with Notes and 
 Addits. by D. Francis Condie, M.D., Phila., 1857, Svo. 
 
 " It surpasses every other work that has ever issued from the 
 British press." Dublin Quar. Jour. 
 
 " We now regretfully take leave of Dr. Churchill's book. Had our 
 typographical limits permitted, we should gladly have borrowed 
 more from its richly stored pages. In conclusion, we heartily re 
 commend it to the profession, and would at the same time ex press 
 our firm conviction that it will not only add to the reputation of 
 its author, but will prove a work of great and extensive utility to 
 obstetric practitioners." Dublin Medical Press. 
 
 Diseases of Infants and. Children, Lon., 1849, Svo. 
 Amer. ed., by Dr. Keating, P^hila., Svo. 
 
 " We regard this volume as possessing more claims to complete 
 ness than any other of the kind with which we are acquainted. 
 Most cordially and earnestly, therefore, do we commend it to our 
 professional brethren, and we feel assured that the stamp of their 
 approbation will in d ue time be impressed upon it. After an atten 
 tive perusal of its contents, we hesitate not to say, that it is one of 
 the most comprehensive ever written upon the diseases of children, 
 and that, for copiousness of reference, extent of research, and per 
 spicuity of detail, it is scarcely to be equalled, and not to be ex 
 celled, in any language." Dublin Quo.rterly Journal. 
 
 " We recommend the work of Dr. Churchill most cordially both 
 to students and practitioners, as a valuable and reliable guide in 
 the treatment of the diseases of children.-" Amer. Jour, of the Med. 
 Sciences. 
 
 Churchill, James. Sermons, 1806, '11. 
 
 Churchill, James Morss, M.D., and John Ste 
 venson, M.D. Medical Botany; new edit., edited by 
 Gilbert Burnett. 
 
 " So high is our opinion of this work, that we recommend every 
 student at college, and every surgeon who goes abroad, to have a 
 copy, as one of the essential constituents of his library." Dr. 
 Johnson's Med. Chir. Review, 
 
 Churchill, Junius. Liverpool Odes, 1793, 4to. 
 
 Churchill, OAvnsham, and John. Collection of 
 Voyages and Travels, 1704, 4 vols. fol.; 1732, 8 vols. fol. 
 1744, 6 vols. fol. ; 1752, 6 vols. fol. ; the Harleian Collection, 
 1745-47, 2 vols. fol., form a Supplement to the above. 
 
 " This collection is very valuable ; its place cannot be supplied 
 by recurring to the original works, as a great part of them are first 
 published in it from the MSS." G. B. DB LA RICHARDERIE: Biblio- 
 theque Universdle des Voyages. 
 
 In his Directions for Study, Bishoo Warburton advises 
 
can 
 
 the student rather to read over Churchill's Collection, (if 
 he would know what human nature really is,) than to waste 
 his time in travelling through the artificial circles of society 
 in Europe. 
 
 " Here we may see Nature stripped stark naked, and study her 
 without disguise." 
 
 The American student, especially, should also procure 
 M. Du Perier's General History of Voyages and Travels 
 throughout the Old and New World, Lon., 1707, Svo. 
 
 " Except the Introduction of 36 pages, the whole of this volume 
 relates to the early voyages of the Spaniards to America, from 
 Oviedo. and other Spanish authors." RICH. 
 
 And let the lover of Voyages and Travels not fail to pro 
 cure Harris's, Kerr's, Hakluyt's, and Pinkerton's Collec 
 tions, and G. Boucher de la Richarderie's Bibliotheque 
 Universelle des Voyages, Paris, 1808, 6 vols. 12mo. The 
 following remarks from an eminent authority should be 
 sufficient to stimulate an appetite for such instructive and 
 delightful studies. 
 
 "The old voyagers are always more picturesque and poetical 
 than the modern : they describe those simple appearances, which 
 we now suppose to be known. Churchill and Harris's Collections 
 will furnish you with great abundance of Indian imagery." SIR 
 JAMES MACKINTOSH. 
 
 Churchill, T. O. Trans, of Herder's Philosophy 
 of History, Lon., 1803, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Herder is the founder of the Philosophy of History : nobody 
 before nor after him has taken up the grand subject in its full ex 
 tent." Cliev. Bunsen's HippoJytus. 
 
 Life of Lord Nelson, 1808, 4to. 
 
 " This publication may be considered as a vehicle for prints ; 
 which, however, are neither good in design or execution." 
 LOWNDES. 
 
 Churchill, Thos. F., M.D. Profess, works, 1808, '10. 
 
 Churchill, Sir Winston, father of the Duke of 
 Marlborough, 1620-1688, a native of Dorsetshire, was 
 educated at St. John's College, Oxford. Divi Britannici, 
 heing a Remark upon the Lives of all the Kings of this 
 Isle, from the year of the World 2855, unto the year of 
 Grace 1660; with cuts, Lon., 1675, fol. 
 
 " The notices in this work are very slight, but said to be very 
 accurate as to dates aud authorities." DR. WATT. 
 
 In some copies occurs a passage stating that the king 
 may raise money without his Parliament, which 
 
 " Being much resented by several members of parl. then sitting, 
 the leaf of the remaining copies where it was, was reprinted with 
 out that passage, purposely to please and give content." Athen. 
 Oxon. 
 
 " The Divi Britannici gives the reader a diverting view of the 
 arms and exploits of our kings down to the Restoration in 1660." 
 Bishop Nicolsnri's Eng. ffi.<t. Library. 
 
 Churchman. History of Episcopacy, 1642, 4to. . 
 
 Churchman, John, d. 1805, a native of Maryland, 
 Magnetic Atlas, Phil., 1790 ; Lon., 1794, 4to ; 1804, 4to. 
 
 Churchman, Theophilus, i. e. Peter Heylin. A 
 Review of the Certamen Epistolae between Heylin, D.D., 
 and Hen. Hickman, B.D., Lon., 1639, 12mo. 
 
 Churchman, Walter. A New Engine for Raising 
 Water. See Phil. Trans., 1734. 
 
 Churchy, G., of Lyons Inne. A New Book of Good 
 Husbandrie, 1599. 
 
 Churchyard, Thomas, 1520-1604, a native of 
 Shrewsbury, author of many prose and poetical pieces, 
 was a domestic to the celebrated Earl of Surrey, and after 
 the death of this nobleman served as a soldier in several 
 campaigns. A list of many of his works will be found in 
 Athen. Oxon., Ritson's Bibl. Poetica, Biog. Brit., Lowndes's 
 Bibl. Manual, and some specimens in the Censura Lite- 
 raria. George Chalmers repub. in 1817, 8vo, Churchyard's 
 Chips concerning Scotland, being a Collection of his 
 Pieces relative to that country ; with Historical Notices 
 and Life. 
 
 " The best of his poems, in point of genius, is his Legende of 
 
 or WaL - 1580 > 
 
 " By the men of those times he was accounted a good poet bv 
 others a poor court poet; but since, as much beneath a poet ks a 
 rhimer." Athen. Oxrni. 
 
 But honest Fuller protests against such depreciating 
 observations : 
 
 J' Though some conceive him to be as much beneath a poet as 
 above a rhymer, [tie,] in my opinion his verses may go abreast 
 with any of that age, writing in the beginning of Queen Eli'/iil-th 
 It seems by this his Epitaph in Mr. Camden's Remains,' that he 
 died not guilty of much wealth : 
 
 < Come Alecto. lend me thy torch, 
 To find a church-yard in a church-porch: 
 Poverty and poetry his tomb doth inclose; 
 uru 7 here , fore ' K d neighbours, be merry in prose.'" 
 W hat could be expected but " poverty" of 
 One of those unfortunate men, who have written poetry all 
 
 ' to complete the 
 
 CIB 
 
 Churton, Edward. The Early English Church, 
 new ed., Lon., 1841, 12mo. Lays of Faith and Loyalty, 
 1847, ISmo. Monastic Ruins of Yorkshire, i. to iv., 1844- 
 46, fol. 
 
 Churton, Edward. The Railroad Book of England, 
 Lon., r. 8vo, 1.851. 
 
 " Mr. Churton has been pre-eminently successful in accomplish 
 ing his Herculean undertaking, and has placed his work beyond 
 the danger of failure." BelVs Messenger. 
 
 Churton, H. B. Whitaker. Thoughts on the Land 
 of the Morning : a Record of Two Visits to Palestine, 
 1849, '50, Lon., 1852, c. Svo. 
 
 " An agreeable and profitable companion to all students of the 
 sacred volume." English Review. 
 
 " It may be recommended especially as a book for families." 
 Lon. Christian Observer. 
 
 Churton, Ralph, 1754-1831, a native of Bickley, 
 Cheshire; entered Brasenose College, Oxford, 1772; 
 elected Fellow, 1778; Archdeacon of St. David's, 1805. 
 Eight Serms., Lon., 1785, Svo. Serms., 1785, '90, '93, '98, 
 1803, '04, '06. Letter to the Bp. of Winchester, 1796, Svo. 
 Lives of Bishop Smith and Sir Richard Sutton, Founders 
 of Brasenose College. Life of Alexander Nowell, Dean 
 of St. Paul's, 1809, Svo. 
 
 " Among the happiest specimens of its kind which the present 
 century has seen. The very portrait of the good old dean, placing 
 his hand upon his fishing-rod, is enough to rejoice a Waltonian." 
 DIBDIN. 
 
 Works of the Rev. T. Townson, D.D., 1810, 2 vols. Svo. 
 Memoir of Dr. Richard Chandler prefixed to a new ed. of 
 his Travels in Asia Minor and Greece, Oxford, 1825, 2 
 vols. Svo. 
 
 Chute, or Chewt, Anthony. Beautie dishonoured, 
 written under the title of Shore's Wife, Lon., 1593, 4to. 
 Perry sale, 26; Jadis, 15 15s.; Bindley, 34 13. 
 
 " An imitative history in verse, supposed to be unique, consist 
 ing of 197 six-line stanzas." 
 
 Cibber, Colley, 1671-1757, Poet Laureate to George 
 IL, made his appearance as an actor at the early age of 18, 
 hut not meeting with the success he anticipated, he deter 
 mined to turn author, and in 1695 produced his first play, 
 Love's Last Shift, or the Fool in Fashion. The author 
 performed the part of Sir Novelty Fashion, and in both 
 capacities he was rewarded by great applause. In 1704 
 was acted his best piece, The Careless Husband, in which 
 Cibber and Mrs. Oldfield enacted the principal characters. 
 He injured himself in the eyes of the Jacobites, in 1717, 
 by his Comedy of the Nonjuror. He was quite consoled, 
 however, for their enmity, by receiving a pension from 
 Geo. I. of 200, being promoted to the post of Laureate in 
 1730. In this year he quitted the stage; but appeared 
 again on special occasions. An edit, of his Plays appeared 
 in 1721, 2 vols. 4to ; and a later one in 1777, 5 vols. Svo. 
 A list of 30 plays, with which he had more or less to do, 
 will be found in Biog. Dramat. His Apology for his Life 
 presents a very curious picture of state affairs in his day. 
 It was pub. in 1740, 4to ; 1756, 2 vols. 12mo; new edit., 
 with explanatory Notices, by E. Bellchambers, 1822, Svo. 
 
 Pope had made himself ridiculous, as he generally did 
 in his petty malice, by making Theobald the hero of the 
 Dunciad, because he had convicted Pope of gross igno 
 rance of Shakspeare. He now made himself ridiculous a 
 second time, by exalting to that dull eminence, Colley 
 Cibber, one of the wittiest and most sprightly authors of 
 the day. Cibber's letter of remonstrance to Pope was un 
 answerable. His ambition led him into a grave error, 
 when it induced him to undertake such a criticism as The 
 Character and Conduct of Cicero considered; pub. Lon., 
 1747, 4to. Fielding took great delight in ridiculing him. 
 Cibber's name is frequently introduced in Boswell's Life 
 of Johnson. 
 
 " BOSWELL : ' Cibber was a man of observation ?' JOHNSON : ' I 
 think not.' BOSWELL: 'You will allow his Apology to be well 
 done.' JOHNSON : ' Very well done, to be sure, sir. That book is 
 a striking proof of the justice of Pope's remark : 
 
 ' Each might his several province well command, 
 Would all but stoop to what they understand.' " 
 
 Swift was so much pleased with Cibber's Apology for 
 his Life, that he sat up all night to read it : upon hearing 
 which, Cibber, it is said, shed tears for joy. 
 
 Cibber, Susanna Maria, d. 1766, a celebrated ac 
 tress, sister of Dr. Arne, and wife of Theophilus, son of 
 Colley Cibber, trans, in 1752, The Oracle of St. Foix. 
 
 Cibber, Theophilus, 1703-1758, son of Colley Gib 
 ber, bore even a worse moral character than his father, 
 which was quite unnecessary. He was an actor, and mar 
 ried first an actress of the name of Johnson, and, secondly, 
 Miss Arne, (see above.) The Lover, C., 1730. Patie and 
 Peggie, B. p., 1730. The Mock Officer, P., 1733. Other 
 Dramatic pieces, and alterations of Henry VL, and Romeo 
 
CIR 
 
 and Juliet, from Shakspeare. The following work appeared 
 under his name, The Lives of the Poets of G. Britain and 
 Ireland, from the time of Dean Swift, Lon., 1753, 5 vols. 
 12mo : but we have direct evidence that Cibber was not 
 sole author of this work : 
 
 " I take this opportunity to testify, that the book called Gibber's 
 Lives of the Poets was not written, nor, I believe, ever seen, by 
 either of the Gibbers, but was the work of Robert Shiels, a native 
 of Scotland, a man of a very acute understanding, though with 
 little scholastic education, who, not long after the publication of 
 his work, died in London of a consumption. His life was virtuous 
 and his end was pious. Theophilus Cibber, then a prisoner for 
 debt, imparted, as I was told, his name for ten guineas. The 
 manuscript of Shiels is now in my possession." DR. JOHNSON: 
 Life of Hammond. 
 
 Here Johnson is much in error, for we have Griffith's 
 (the publisher) testimony that Cibber did revise, correct, 
 and add to the MS., and probably wrote some of the Lives. 
 See Boswell's Johnson; and for publications connected 
 with the Gibbers, father and son, see Lowndes's Bibl. 
 Manual. 
 
 Cirencester. See RICHARD OF CHICHESTER. 
 
 Clack, J. M. Serms. and other Remains, with Me 
 moir and Fun. Serm., by J. Hooper, Lon., 1817, 8vo. 
 
 " We have seldom met with so many incidents of an affecting 
 nature in connection with one who was not permitted to see many 
 years on earth, as are presented to us in this small but respect 
 able volume." Lon. dmgreg. Mag. 
 
 Clacy, Mrs. Charles. A Lady's Visit to the Gold 
 Diggings of Australia in 1852, '53, Lon., 1853, p. 8vo. 
 
 " The most pithy and entertaining of all the books that have 
 been written on the gold diggings." Lon. Literary Gaz. 
 
 " We recommend this work as the emigrant's vade mecum." 
 Lon. Home Companion. 
 
 Clagett, Nicholas, 1607-1663, entered Merton Col 
 lege, Oxford, 1628; Vicar of Melbourne, Dorsetshire, 
 about 1636 ; subsequently preacher at St. Mary's in St. 
 Edmund's Bury, Suffolk. The Abuses of God's Grace, &o., 
 Oxf., 1659, 4to. 
 
 Clagett, Nicholas, D.D., 1654-1726, son of the pre 
 ceding, admitted of Christ Church College, 1671 ; preacher 
 at St. Mary's, in St. Edmund's Bury, 1680; Archdeacon 
 of Sudbury, 1693. A Persuasive to an Ingenious Trial of 
 Opinions in Religion, Lon., 1685, 4to. Serm., 1683, '86, 
 1710. Truth Defended, and Boldness in Error Rebuked, Ac., 
 being a confutation of Mr. Whiston's book entitled, The 
 Accomplishment of Scripture Prophecies, Lon., 1710, 8vo. 
 
 "This eminent divine lived extremely valued ajid respected on 
 account of his exemplariness, charity, and other virtues." Biog.Br. 
 
 Clagett, Nicholas, D.D., son of the preceding, d. 
 1746. Bishop of St. David's, 1731; translated to Exeter, 
 1746. Serms. 1714, '33, '37, '40, '42. 
 
 Clagett, William, D.D., 1646-1688, uncle of the 
 preceding, admitted of Emanuel College, Cambridge, 1659; 
 was for 7 years preacher of St. Edmund's Bury, and sub 
 sequently preacher to the Society of Gray's Inn. He 
 pub. many theological treatises, chiefly controversial. 
 We notice a few : A Discourse on the Holy Spirit, with a 
 Confutation of some part of Dr. Owen's book on that sub 
 ject, Lon., 1678-80", 8vo. An Answer to the Dissenter's 
 Objections against the Common Prayers, <fcc., 1683, 4to. 
 Extreme Unction, 1687, 4to. A Paraphrase and Notes 
 upon the First Chapter of St. John, Lon., 1686, 4to. See 
 Orme's Bibl. Bib. Serins.,1689-93, 2 vols.; 4th ed.,1704-20, 
 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " I should not scruple to give Dr. Clagett a place among the 
 most eminent and celebrated writers of this Church, and if he 
 may be allowed that, it is as great an honour as can be done him." 
 ARCHBISHOP SHARPE. 
 
 " His writings are not of great value, and are now little known." 
 Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Bishop Burnet praises Clagett for his learning, piety, 
 and virtues. 
 
 Claggett, John. Arianism Anatomized, 1719, 8vo. 
 
 Clairant. Con. to Phil. Trans, on the Rays of Light, 
 
 ('lanes, Thomas. Answer to Vestry, 1812. 
 Clancy, M., M.D. Templum Veneris, Lon., 1745, 4to. 
 Clanny, W. R., M.D. Mineral Waters, Ac., 1807-16. 
 Clanricarde, Ulick, Marquis of, and Earl of 
 
 St. Alban's. Memoirs, 1722, 8vo. Memoirs and Letters 
 respecting the Rebellion in Ireland temp. Charles I., 1757 
 fol. The first work Bishop Nicolson styles 
 
 A lean collection of letters, warrants, orders and other loo 
 and incoherent state-papers relating to the Irish ^Rebellion 
 
 Clap, Nath., 1668-1745, a minister of Newport 
 Rhode Island, pub. a Serm. on the Lord's Voice crying to 
 the People in some extraordinary dispensations 1715 
 
 " Before I saw Father Clap, I thought the Bishop of Rome had 
 the gravest aspect of any man I ever saw; but really the mi 
 nister of Newport has the most venerable appearance." BISHOP 
 BERKELEY. 
 
 CLA 
 
 I Clap, Roger, 1609-1691, one of the first settlers of Dor- 
 ' setshire, Massachusetts. Memoirs of himself, 1731; with 
 i an appendix by Jas. Blake, 1807. 
 
 Clap, Thomas, 1703-1767, President of Yale College, 
 1739-66, was eminent for his proficiency in Mathematics, 
 Astronomy, and Natural Philosophy. Serm., 1732. Letter 
 to Mr. Edwards, 1745. Religious Constitution of Colleges, 
 1745. Doctrines of the Churches of New England, 1755. 
 Essay, 1765. History of Yale College, 1766. Conjectures 
 of Meteors, 1781. See Holmes's Life of Stiles : Hist, of 
 Yale College. 
 
 Clapham, Henoche. Briefe of the Bible's History, 
 Lon., 1596. Theolog. treatises, 1597-1609. 
 
 Clapham, Jonathan. Theolog. treatises, 1651-84. 
 
 Clapham, John. Narcissus, Lon., 1581, 4to. 
 
 Clapham, John. History of G. Britain, 1602, 4to. 
 
 Clapham, Samuel, d. 1830, aged 76. Serms., 1792, 
 Ac. The three following were pub. under the name of 
 Theophilus St. John : Orig. Serms., 1790, 8vo. Prac. Serms., 
 1808, 2 vols. 8vo. Charges of Massillon, from the French, 
 1805, 8vo. Points of Sessions Law, 1818, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " This work may serve as an index, but cannot be relied on for 
 accuracy." 
 
 Serms. selected and abridged from various authors, 
 1803-15, 3 vols. 8vo., enlarged ed., 1830, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " The abridgments wUl be found extremely useful to the clergy 
 as skeletons, or heads to form discourses from." 
 
 " These sermons are truly excellent." British Critic. 
 
 The Pentateuch, or the Five Books of Moses Illustrated. 
 Lon., 1818, 12mo. 
 
 " The plan is judicious, and the execution is, on the whole, re- 
 spectable."-ion. Eclectic Review. 
 
 Other publications. 
 
 Clapp, John. Serms., 2d ed., Lon., 1819, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Clappe,Ambrose. Emmanuel Manifested,1655,12mo. 
 
 Clapperton, Hugh, 1788-1827, a celebrated African 
 traveller, was a native of Dumfriesshire. He was cut off 
 by the dysentery at Saccatoo. His Journals were pre 
 served and published. Denham, Clapperton, and Oudney's 
 Travels in Africa, 1822-24, Lon., 1826, 4to. Clapperton's 
 Journal of a second Expedition into the Interior of Africa, 
 with Lander's Journal, 1829, 4to. Clapperton and Oud 
 ney's Travels in Africa, 1828, 2 vols. 8vo. Our knowledge 
 of Africa has been greatly increased by these publications. 
 See LANDER, RICHARD ; DENHAM, DIXON. 
 
 Clapperton, William. Poems, &c., Edin., 8vo. 
 
 Clapthorne, Henry. The Hollander; a Play,1640,4to. 
 
 Claramont, C., M.D. De Aere, locis et aquis Anglise 
 deque morbis Anglorum Vernaculis. Diss. nee non Obser- 
 vationes Medicae Cambro-Britannicae, Lon., 1672, 12mo; 
 1657, 8vo. 
 
 Clare, John, b. 1793, at Helpstone, near Peterborough, 
 of obscure parentage, excited much attention by his re 
 markable powers of poetical description. He pub. in 1820, 
 Poems, Descriptive of Rural Life and Scenery, which im 
 mediately secured the public favour. 
 
 " The instance before us is, perhaps, one of the most striking of 
 patient and persevering talent existing and enduring in the most 
 forlorn and seemingly hopeless condition that literature has at 
 any time exhibited." Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 In 1821, he pub. The Village Minstrel and other Poems, 
 2 vols. 8vo. He has also contributed a number of articles 
 to the periodicals. See an interesting account of Clare in 
 Chambers's Cycl. of Eng. Literature. 
 
 Clare, John Fitz-Gibbon, Earl of, 1749-1802, 
 Lord High-Chancellor of Ireland. Speech on the Union. 
 Verses, 1774, 4to. Report, 1798, 8vo. 
 
 "A man of an ardent, daring spirit, but able, virtuous, and pa 
 triotic." See Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors. 
 
 Clare, John Hollis, Earl of, father-in-law of the 
 Earl of Stratford, who was beheaded. An Answer to some 
 Passages of Sir Francis Bacon's Essay on Empire. Speech 
 in behalf of the Earl of Oxford. Letter to his son-in-law, 
 Strafford. 
 
 "Lord Clare was admired for his letters ; and Howell, in two of 
 his, bears testimony to the earl's learning and skill in languages." 
 See Park's Walpole's R, and N. Authors. 
 
 Clare, Martin. Treatise on the Motion of Fluids, Lon., 
 1735, 8vo; with addits. by R. Hall, M.D., Lon., 1802, 8vo. 
 
 Clare,Peter, Surgeon. Prof, treatises, Lon.,1778,8vo. 
 
 Clare, R. Trans, of a Political Declaration, 1649, fol. 
 
 Clare, R. A., Surgeon. Con. on the Air Pumps to 
 Nic. Jour., 1801. 
 
 Clare, William. The Natural way to Learn the 
 Latin Tongue, Lon., 1688, 8vo. 
 
 Clarek, Timothy, M.D. Profess, con. to Phil. Trans. 
 1668; on the Injection into Veins, the Transfusion of 
 Blood, Ac. 
 
 Clarence, Duke of, (William the Fourth.) 
 Speech in the House of Lords on the Slave-Trade, Lon., 
 
CLA 
 
 1799, 8vo. Substance of his Speeches in the House of Lords 
 against the Divorce Bill, 1800, 8vo. 
 
 Clarendon, Edward Hyde, Earl of, 1608-1673, 
 one of the most illustrious characters of English history, 
 was the third son of Henry Hyde, of Dinton, Wiltshire, 
 where he was born on the 16th of February. He was en 
 tered of Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1622, where he re 
 mained one year ; after which he removed to the Middle 
 Temple, and pursued his legal studies under the direction 
 of his uncle, Nicholas Hyde, afterwards Chief Justice of 
 the King's Bench. In his twenty-first year he married 
 the daughter of Sir George Ayliffe, who only survived the 
 union six months. Three years afterwards he married the 
 daughter of Sir Thomas Aylesbury, Master of Requests. 
 He informs us in his Life, that he made it a rule to select 
 for his associates none but persons distinguished for their 
 rank, fortune, or accomplishments. We need not be sur 
 prised, therefore, to find among his " list of friends," stars 
 of the first magnitude : Ben Jonson, Selden, May, Sir 
 Kenelm Digby, Edmund Waller, Lord Falkland, Sheldon, 
 Morley, Earle, Hales, Chillingworth, Ac. (See Memo 
 rials of his own life.) The patronage of the Marquis of 
 Hamilton and Archbishop Laud was of great value to the 
 ambitious aspirant for brilliant honours. In 1640 he was 
 elected a member of Parliament, and as a Royalist, waged 
 stern war with Hampden and other representatives of 
 popular pretensions. His zeal was not overlooked, and in 
 1643 he was raised to the high position of Lord Chancellor 
 of the Exchequer, sworn a member of the Privy Council, 
 and knighted. When affairs had taken so grave a turn 
 that it was deemed prudent to send the prince, afterwards 
 Charles II., out of the way of danger, Hyde was his com 
 panion, but remained in Jersey when the prince sailed for 
 France. During this retirement of two years, he wrote por 
 tions of his two celebrated works, The History of the Rebel 
 lion, and Account of his own Life. His studies were inter 
 rupted in 1648, by directions to attend the prince at Paris. 
 He found him at the Hague, where the news soon arrived of 
 the execution of King Charles I. Whilst on the Continent, 
 Clarendon chiefly resided at Madrid and Antwerp. In 
 1657, King Charles II., still an exile, rewarded the fidelity 
 of his follower by creating him Lord High Chancellor of 
 England. But he suffered greatly from poverty at dif 
 ferent times, having, as he tells us, " neither clothes nor 
 fire to preserve me from the sharpness of the season." At 
 the Restoration he displayed great sagacity in reconciling 
 the hostile parties who composed the strength of the king 
 dom, and it was mainly owing to his counsels that the 
 Republicans escaped the bitter chalice which they had 
 commended to the lips of the persecuted and down-trodden 
 Royalists. In 1660, Hyde was chosen Chancellor of the 
 University of Oxford, and created a peer by the title of 
 Baron Hyde, of Hindon, in Wiltshire, to which were added 
 in 1661, the titles of Viscount Cornbury in Oxfordshire, and 
 Earl of Clarendon in Wiltshire. Such greatness must 
 needs excite the envy of the malicious ; and this ill will 
 was heightened by the announcement of the marriage of 
 his daughter to the Duke of York, afterwards James II. 
 This event was unknown to Clarendon until its publicity 
 became a matter of necessity, and Charles II. did not per 
 mit it to deprive him of his favour. In 1663, the Earl of 
 Bristol exhibited a charge of High Treason against Claren 
 don, the gravamen of which was an alleged intention to 
 favour the introduction of Popery into Great Britain. 
 There were other causes of resentment the king's neg 
 lect of public affairs, the extravagance of the Court, &c. 
 
 which prudence did not permit to be openly exposed. In 
 1667 he was removed from his post of Chancellor, and 
 shortly afterwards received the king's orders to leave the 
 country. He sailed for France, November 29, 1667, and 
 on the 19th of the ensuing month an act of banishment 
 shut the door to all hopes of return to his native land. 
 He resided for four years at Montpellier, passed some time 
 at Moulins, and finally took up his residence at Rouen, 
 where he died, December 9, 1674. There was nothing 
 now to excite the animosity of his foes, and his body was 
 permitted to rest in the land he had so faithfully served, 
 and by which he had been so ungratefully rewarded. He lies, 
 
 " Without a line to mark the spot," 
 
 on the north side of Henry Vllth's chapel, in Westminster 
 Abbey. Lord Clarendon had by his second wife four sons 
 and two daughters : Henry, the second Earl of Clarendon 
 (% *) d. in 1709; Lawrence, Earl of Rochester, d. in 
 1711; Hidward and James died unmarried. Frances was 
 married to Thomas Keightly of Hertingfordbury ; Anne 
 married James, Duke of York, and was the mother of 
 Mary and Anne, Queens of England. 
 
 CLA 
 
 As an author, Lord Clarendon can never become obso 
 lete while the slightest interest exists in one of the most 
 eventful portions of England's annals. Speeches, Argu 
 ment, Ac., Lon., 1641, Ac. An Answer to the Declaration 
 of the Commons, Lon., 1648, 8vo. Character of Robert, 
 Earl of Essex, and George, Duke of Buckingham, 1706 ; 
 orig. pub. in Reliquiae Wottonianae, 1672. 
 
 " The reader will be here entertained with the pictures of two 
 of the greatest subjects of Europe in their time : and although one 
 of them is inimitably drawn by the noble Author in his History, 
 yet this signature will still be acceptable, since 'tis all thrown 
 into another view." Preface to ed. 1706. 
 
 Narrative of the Settlement in Ireland, Lovain, 1668, 
 4to. Animadversions on a Book called Fanaticism, 1674, 
 4to. Brief View and Survey of Hobbes's Leviathan, Oxf., 
 1676, 4to. History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in 
 England begun in 1641, Ac., Oxf., 1702-04, 3 vols. fol. > 
 1705, '06, 6 vols. Svo; 1717, 7 vols. 8vo. Supplement, 
 1717, Svo ; 1724, 8vo. A new edit, of the History of the 
 Rebellion, with all the suppressed passages, and the un- 
 pub. Notes of Bishop Warburton, Oxf., 1826, 8 vols. Svo ; 
 edited by Dr. Bandinel : 
 
 " Clarendon's History of the Rebellion is one of the noblest his 
 torical works of the English nation. In the present edition, which 
 is the first correct and complete publication of his History, the 
 passages omitted and the words altered in the original and pre 
 ceding editions are now for the first time laid before the public." 
 Edinburgh JKeviviv. 
 
 Last edit., Oxf., 1849, 7 vols. Svo. Hist, of the Rebel 
 lion, Ac., with his Life, written by himself, in which is in 
 cluded a continuation of his Hist, of the Great Rebellion, 
 Lon., 1842, 1 vol. Svo. Life by Himself, with continua 
 tion of Hist. Rebellion, 55 plates, Oxf., 1827, 3 vols. 8vo ; 
 2 vols. 4k>. Hist, of Rebellion, Lon., 1840, 2 vols. imp. 
 Svo. Religion and Policy, (first pub. from the MS.,1811,) 
 2 vols. r. Svo. Hist, of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in 
 Ireland, 1720, '21, Svo. This is a vindication of the Mar 
 quis of Ormonde. Hist, of the Reign of Charles II., 2 
 vols. 4to. This is included in his Life. Collection of 
 Tracts, Lon., 1727, fol. Vindication of himself from the 
 Impeachment of H. Commons in regard to the sale of Dun 
 kirk, Lon., 1747, fol. ; with Reflections upon the Psalms, 
 applied to the troubles of the times. State Papers, 1621- 
 74, containing the Materials from which his History was 
 composed, and the authorities on which the truth of his* 
 relation is founded ; with an Appendix from Archbishop 
 Sancroft's MSS., Oxf., 1767-86, 3 vols. fol. Miscellaneous 
 Works, 2d edit., 1751, fol. An Account of his Life, writ 
 ten by himself, Ac., Oxf., 1759; new edit.; see above. 
 Essays, Moral and Entertaining; new edit., pub. by Rev. 
 J. S. Clarke, D.D., 1815, 2 vols. 8vo. The Natural His 
 tory of the Passions, Svo. 
 
 " Many doubted whether Lord Clarendon was the author of it ; 
 and more thought that it was the sharking trick of a bookseller 
 to set his name to, for sale sake." WOOD. 
 
 The reader should peruse T. H. Lister, Esq.'s Life and 
 Administration of Edward, First Earl of Clarendon, with 
 Original Correspondence and Authentic Papers, never be 
 fore published, Lon., 1S38, 3 vols. Svo ; vol. L, 1609-60 ; 
 vol. ii., 1660-74; vol. iii., Letters and Papers. 
 
 " Lister's Life of Clarendon is not the ingenious or eloquent 
 pleading of an advocate, but the severe and enlightened neutrality 
 of a judge. The characteristics proper for the occasion were good 
 taste and good sense, intelligent research, and perfect candour. 
 And these Mr. Lister possesses in an eminent degree." Edinburgh 
 Review. 
 
 " A valuable contribution to the history of our native country." 
 Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 See LISTER, THOMAS H. To these valuable volumes 
 should be added The Correspondence and Diaries of Henry 
 Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, and Lawrence Hyde, Earl of Ro 
 chester, Ac., by S. W. Singer, Esq., Lon., 182S, 2 vols. r. 4to. 
 (See below.) The reader will also be interested in An His 
 torical Inquiry respecting the Character of Edward Hyde, 
 Earl of Clarendon, by the Hon. Agar Ellis, Lon., 1827, Svo. 
 Mr. Ellis arrives at the conclusion, which will be rejected by 
 many of his readers, that Clarendon was an unprincipled 
 man of talent. This notice of Mr. Ellis's opinions may 
 properly introduce some quotations from various authori 
 ties respecting the character of Clarendon as a statesman 
 and an author : 
 
 " I cannot but let you know the incredible satisfaction I have 
 taken m reading my late Lord Clarendon's History of the Rebel 
 lion, so well and so unexpectedly well written the preliminary so 
 like that of the noble Polybius, leading us by the courts, avenues, 
 and porches, into the fabric; the style masculine; the characters 
 so just, and tempered without the least impediment of passion or 
 tincture of revenge, yet with such natural and lively touches as 
 show his lordship well knew not only the persons' outsider, but 
 their very interiors." Letters of John Evelyn to Samuel Pcpys, 
 Jan. 20, 1702, '03. See Diary and Correspondence of Samuel Pepys, 
 Lon., 1854, 4 vols. Svo. 
 
 " His lordship died <m exile, and in the displeasure of his ma- 
 
CLA 
 
 jesty, and others who envied his rise and fortune torn breves 
 Populi Romani amoresl But I shall say no more of his ministry, 
 and what was the pretence of his fell, than that we have lived to 
 see great revolutions. The buffons, parasites, pimps, and concu 
 bines, who supplanted him at court, came to nothing not long 
 after, and were as little pitied. 'Tis something yet too early to 
 publish the names of his delators, for fear of one's teeth. But 
 time will speak truth, and sure I am the event has made it good. 
 Things were infinitely worse managed since his disgrace." Evdyn 
 toPepys. See Diary and Corresp. of J.Evelyn, Lon., 1852, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 It is not to be denied that many of his lordship's con 
 temporaries entertained a very different opinion of him; 
 and Mr. Agar Ellis, among modern writers, accuses him 
 of treachery, as well as imbecility, in the management of 
 state affairs. 
 
 We continue our quotations : 
 
 " The Earl of Clarendon, upon the Restoration, made it his busi 
 ness to depress everybody's merits to advance his own, and the 
 king having gratified his vanity with high titles, found it neces 
 sary towards making a fortune in proportion to apply himself to 
 other means than what the crown could afford." LORD DART 
 MOUTH: Note on Burnet. 
 
 " Had Clarendon sought nothing but power, his power had ne 
 ver ceased. A corrupted court and a blinded populace were less 
 the causes of the chancellor's fell, than an ungrateful king, who 
 could not pardon his lordship's having refused to accept for him 
 the slavery of his country. . . . Buckingham, Shaftsbury, Lauder- 
 dale, Arlington, and such abominable men, were the exchange 
 which the nation made for my Lord Clarendon ! ... As an historian 
 he seems more exceptionable. His majesty and eloquence, his 
 
 Cer of painting characters, his knowledge of his subject, rank 
 in the first class of writers yet he has both great and little 
 faults." HORACE WALPOLE : R. & N. Authors. 
 
 "He particularly excels in characters, which, if drawn with pre 
 cision and elegance, are as difficult to the writers as they are 
 agreeable to the readers of history. He is in this particular as 
 unrivalled among the moderns as Tacitus among the ancients. . . . 
 His style is rather careless than laboured : his periods are long, 
 and frequently embarrassed by parentheses. Hence it is, that he 
 is one of the most difficult of all authors to be read with an audi 
 ble voice." Granger's Biog. Hist. 
 
 "Clarendon will always be esteemed an entertaining writer, 
 even independent of our curiosity to know the facts which he re 
 lates. His style is prolix and redundant, and suffocates us by the 
 length of its periods ; but it discovers imagination and sentiment, 
 and pleases us at the same time that we disapprove of it. ... An 
 air of probity and goodness runs through the whole work, as these 
 qualities did in reality embellish the whole life of the author. . . . 
 Clarendon was always a friend to the liberty and constitution of 
 his country." HUME : Hist, of England. 
 
 " The lustre of all partial and even general Histories of England, 
 was eclipsed, at the opening of the eighteenth century, by the 
 History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars from the powerful pen of 
 Lord Clarendon : a work, of which the impressions and profits 
 have increased in an equal ratio and of which the popularity is 
 built upon an imperishable basis. A statesman, a lawyer, and a 
 philosopher in its most practical, and perhaps rational, sense, there 
 is hardly any name which has reached us, encircled by purer rays 
 of renown, than that of Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, or any which is 
 more likely to go down to posterity in a more unsullied state of 
 purity." DR. DIBDIN: Library C(mpanion. 
 
 So Southey declares Clarendon to have been "the wisest 
 and most upright of statesman ;" but Brodie, on the other 
 hand, brands the Lord Chancellor as " a miserable syco 
 phant and canting hypocrite." The remarks of Southey in a 
 letter to Henry Taylor, Dec.31,1825, are well worth quoting : 
 
 "For an Englishman there is no single historical work with 
 which it can be so necessary for him to be well and thoroughly ac 
 quainted as with Clarendon. I feel at this time perfectly assured, 
 that if that book had been put into my hands in youth, it would 
 have preserved me from all the political errors which I have out 
 grown. It may be taken for granted that knows this book well. 
 
 The more he reads concerning the history of these times, the more 
 highly he will appreciate the wisdom and the integrity of Claren 
 don." Southey's Life and Correspondence. 
 
 " Clarendon a lover of the constitution, of his country, a patrio 
 tic statesman is always interesting, and continually provides 
 materials for the statesman and philosopher." PROFESSOR SMYTH, 
 of Cambridge. 
 
 " His ' Life' is full of a thousand curious anecdotes." BISHOP 
 WARBURTON. 
 
 " You ask me about reading history. You are quite right to read 
 Clarendon ; his style is a little long-winded, but, on the other hand, 
 bis characters may match those of the ancient historians, and one 
 thinks they would know the very men if you were to meet them 
 In society. Few English writers have the same precision either in 
 describing the actors in great scenes, or the deeds which they per 
 formed. He was, you are aware, himself deeply engaged in the 
 scenes which he depicts, and therefore colours them with the in 
 dividual feeling, and sometimes, doubtless, with the partialitv, of 
 a partisan." &V Walter Scott's Letter to his Son 
 
 I vv e !? Spe f T^ ic V h W ? justly feel for Clar endon as a writer must 
 not blind us to the feults which he committed as a statesman 
 In some respects he was well fitted for bis great place. No man 
 wrote abler state papers. No man spoke with more weight and 
 dignity in council and Parliament. No man was better acquainted 
 with general maxims of statecraft. No man observed the varieties 
 of character with a more discriminating eye. It must be added 
 that he had a strong sense of moral and religious obligation a sin 
 cere reverence for the laws of his country, and a conscientious re 
 gard for the honour and interest of the crown. But his temper 
 was sour, arrogant, and impatient of opposition." T. B. MACAULAY 
 Hist, of England, q.v. 
 
 CLA 
 
 " He is excellent in every thing that he has performed with care : 
 his characters are beautifully delineated, his sentiments have often 
 a noble gravity, which the length of his periods, far too great in 
 itself, seems to befit; but in the general course of his narrative, 
 he is negligent of grammar and perspicuity, with little choice of 
 words, and, therefore, sometimes idiomatic, without ease or ele 
 gance. The official papers on the royal side, which are generally 
 attributed to him, are written in a masculine and majestic tone, 
 far superior to those of the Parliament." HaUam's Introduc. to Lit. 
 Hist. ; and in his Constitutional Hist, of England. 
 
 See Life of Edward, Earl of Clarendon, written by him 
 self, printed from the original MS. in the Bodleian Library, 
 Lon., 1857, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Clarendon, George William Frederick Vil- 
 liers, Karl of, b. in 1800, is the present representative 
 of the great Earl of Clarendon, and of the brother of Vil- 
 liers, the favourite of James I. He succeeded to the title 
 in 1838. He was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1847 
 to 1852, and has held several important offices. In 1846 
 he was appointed President of the Board of Trade. He 
 was associated (when Mr. Villiers) with Dr. Bowring in 
 drawing up the First Report on the Commercial Relations 
 between France and Great Britain, 1834, fol. 
 
 Clarendon, Henry Hyde, second Earl of, 1638- 
 1709, eldest son of the first earl, was carefully trained 
 for public business by his illustrious parent. In resent 
 ment of the treatment to which his father was subjected, 
 he joined the party which opposed the court, and made many 
 speeches, some of which were preserved by Mr. Grey. On 
 the accession of James II. he was made Lord Lieutenant 
 of Ireland, but was superseded by Lord Tyrconnel. He 
 refused to take the oaths to William III., and was for some 
 time imprisoned in the Tower. After his release he lived 
 in retirement until his death in 1709. The History and 
 Antiquities of the Cathedral Church at Winchester, con 
 tinued by Samuel Gale, Lon., 1715, 8vo. Two Papers in 
 Gutch's Collectanea Curiosa, vol. i. 309-13. State Letters 
 and Diary, Oxf., 1763, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 " This Diary presents us with a picture of the manners of the 
 age in which the writer lived. We may learn from it, that at the 
 close of the seventeenth century a man of the first quality mado 
 it his constant practice to go to church, and could spend the day 
 in society with his family and friends, without shaking his arm 
 at a gaming-table, associating with jockies at Newmarket, or mur 
 dering time by a constant round of giddy dissipation, if not of cri 
 minal indulgence." Editor's Preface. 
 
 In 1828 was pub. Clarendon Papers j viz. : The Corre 
 spondence of Henry Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, and of his 
 Brother, Lawrence Hyde, Earl of Rochester, with the Diary 
 of Lord Clarendon, 1687-90, and the Diary of Lord Ro 
 chester; pub. for the greater part for the first time from 
 the original MSS., recently discovered by S. W. Singer, 
 F.S.A., Lon., 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 " One of the most important contributions which has in our day 
 been made to history." Lon. Review. 
 
 " This Collection of Letters and Diaries is of great historical 
 value." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 "A most valuable addition to our national records, and especially 
 interesting to the History of Ireland." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 HENRY HYDE, LORD HYDE and CORNBURY, the eldest 
 son of this nobleman, pub. a Comedy called The Mistakes, 
 or The Happy Resentment, printed in 1758, at Strawberry 
 Hill, with a preface, said to be written by Lord Orford; 
 but this imputed authorship has been questioned. He wrote 
 A Letter to the Vice-Chancellor of Oxford, 1751, and A 
 Letter to David Mallet on the intended Publication of Lord 
 Bolingbroke's MSS. ; see Hawkesworth's edition of Swift's 
 Works. A few pamphlets of his composition were pub. 
 anonymously, and he left some tragedies in MS. He was 
 killed in France, in 1753, by a fall from his horse. 
 
 Clarendon, R. V. A Sketch of the Revenue and 
 Finances of Ireland, Lon., 1791, 4to. 
 
 A clear and elaborate view of the finances of the sister island." 
 
 LOWNDES. 
 
 Clarendon, Thomas. Treatise on the Foot of the 
 Horse, Dubl., 1847, 12mo. 
 
 Claridge, John. The Shepherd of Banbury's Rules 
 to know of the Change of the Weather, Lon., 1744, 8vo; 
 reprinted, 1827, 8vo. This little work, once very popular, 
 has been attributed to John Campbell, LL.D. 
 
 Claridge, John. Agricult. of Dorset, Lon., 1793, 4to. 
 
 " It seems judiciously performed." Donaldson's Agricult. Bwg. 
 
 Claridge, Richard, 1649-1723, an eminent Quaker 
 writer, b. in Warwickshire ; entered of Baliol Coll., Oxf., 
 1666 ; Rector of Peopleton, Worcester, 1673 ; joined the Bap 
 tists, 1691 ; joined the Quakers about 1697, and became a 
 minister in this society. Serms.,1689,'91. Answer to Richard 
 Allen, 1697, 4to. Mercy Covering the Judgment-Seat, &c., 
 1700, 4to. His Case and Trial, 1710, 4to. The Novelty 
 and Nullity of Dissatisfaction, &c., 1714. Lux Evangelica 
 Attestata. Melius Inquirendum Tractatus Hierographicus. 
 Life and Posthumous Works, by Joseph Besse, 1726, 8vo. 
 
CLA 
 
 Claridge, Capt. R. T. Guide along the Danube to 
 Constantinople, 2d ed., Lon., 1839, 12mo. Hydropathy; 
 two Treatises, 1844 and 1849, 8vo. 
 
 " We should deem ourselves negligent of our duty did we not 
 invite public attention to the subject." Lon. Times. 
 
 Clark. Almanack for 1634, Camb., 12mo. 
 
 Clark, Bracy. Veterinary treatises, 1809, Ac. 
 
 Clark, Charles. A Summary of Colonial Law, Ac., 
 Lon., 1834, 8vo. Commenced by Serg't Stephen, who, for 
 want of time, relinquished the labour to Mr. C. 
 
 " A compendious and useful work, which, however, would re 
 quire to be occasionally republished." McCoLLOCH : Lit. of I'Olit. 
 Economy. 
 
 C. Clark and W. Finnelly; Reports of Cases in House 
 of Lords, 1831-45, Lon., 1835-45, 11 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Clark, ( 'has. John Noakes and Mary Styles ; a Poem, 
 exhibiting lingual localisms of Essex, 12rno, Lon., 1838. 
 
 "A very clever and amusing piece of local description." 
 Archceologist. 
 
 "Exhibits the dialect of Essex perfectly." Lon. Eclectic Rev. 
 
 Clark, D. W., D.D., b. 1812, Mount Desert Island, 
 Maine, first became known by his contributions to Method 
 ist Quarterly Review. He is the author of several works, 
 among which are: 1. Treatise on Mental Discipline. 2. 
 Death-Bed Scenes. 3. Life and Times of Bishop Hedding. 
 This work comprises much of the early history of the 
 Methodist Church, and was extensively and favourably re 
 viewed by the N. Amer. Rev. and other leading Quarterlies 
 of America and England. It is one of the standard pub 
 lications of the "Methodist Book Concern." In 1852 Dr. 
 Clark was elected editor of the books and journals pub. by 
 the "Western Book Concern" of the Meth. Church. 
 
 Clark, Emily. Novels, Lon., 1798, 1800, '05. 
 
 Clark, Ewan. 1. Poems. 2. Rustics, 1775, 1805, 8vo. 
 
 Clark, George. Legal compilations, Lon., 1777-1803. 
 
 Clark, Rev. George H., an Episcopal minister, born 
 at Newburyport, Mass. The Difficulties and Importance 
 of the Ministerial Work. 
 
 Clark, Gilbert. Oughtredus explicatus, Lon., 1682, 
 8vo. Spot-Diall, 1687, 4to. Tractatus duo de Fide Nicena, 
 Ac., contra G. Bullum, 1695, 8vo. 
 
 Clark, Henry. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1655-57, 4to. 
 
 Clark, Hugh. Introduction to Heraldry, Lon., 1776, 
 12mo ; 14th edit., 1845, 12mo. 
 
 "One of the best manuals ever published, containing every 
 thing necessary to a thorough knowledge of the art." Lower's 
 Curiosities of Heraldry. 
 
 " I dc not think I can offer better assistance than will be found in 
 Clark's Introduction, &c." Montague's Guide to Study of Heraldry. 
 
 A Concise Hist, of Knighthood, 1784, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Clark, J. Paterson, Dentist Extraordinary to his 
 R. H. Prince Albert. System of treating the Teeth, Lon., 
 8vo. Treatise on Teeth, Ac., 12mo, 1839. Teething and 
 Management, 8vo, 1839. The Odontalgist, 1854, p. 8vo. 
 
 " There are many parts of this book which deserve the notice of 
 the profession." Lon. Medical Times and Gazette. 
 
 Clark, J. V. H. Onondaga, 1849, 2 vols. 8vo. Lights 
 and Shadows of Indian Character, and Scenes of Pioneer 
 Life, Syracuse, 1854, 12mo. 
 
 Clark, James. Sermon, Edin., 1704. 
 
 Clark, James. Veterinary treatises, 1770, '88. 
 
 Clark, James, M.D. Profess, treatises, 1788-97. 
 
 Clark, Sir James, Bart., Physician-in-Ordinary to 
 the Queen; b. 1788, at Cullen, Banffshire. Sanative Influ 
 ence of Climate, 1829; 4th ed., 1846, 8vo. 
 
 " An indispensable companion to every invalid who seeks restora 
 tion of health or prolongation of life beneath a milder sky than 
 that which lowers over his native land." Lon. Med.-Chir. Rev. 
 
 Treatise on Pulmonary Consumption and Scrofula, 1835, 
 8vo. 
 
 Clark, John. Caledonian Bards, trans, from the 
 Gaelic, 1778, 8vo. Poems of Ossian, 1781, 8vo. General 
 View of the Agriculture of Brecknock county ; of Radnor ; 
 of Hereford ; all 1794, 4to. 
 
 " The three county reports are managed in a superior style." 
 Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Nature and Value of Leased Property, 1808, 8vo. 
 
 Clark, John. Sermons, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Clark, John, M.D., 1609-1676, came from London to 
 Rhode Island. Ill News from New England; or, A Narra 
 tive of New England's Persecution, Lon., 1652, 4to, etc. 
 
 Clark, John. Tamerlane, Lon., 1653, 4to. 
 
 Clark, John. Sermons, 1716, 4to. 
 
 Clark, John, d. 1734. Education of Youth, Lon., 
 1720, 8vo. On Study, 1731, 8vo. Making of Latin, 1742, 
 12mo. Other works. He edited several Latin authors. 
 
 Clark, John, M.D., 1744-1805, a Scotch physician, 
 pub. a work on Contagious Fevers, Newcast., 1802, 12mo, 
 and several other profess, works, 1777-1801. 
 
 Clark, John. Penman's Diversion, 4to. 
 
 CLA 
 
 Clark, John. See CLARKE. 
 
 Clark, Sir John. See CLERK. 
 
 Clark, John A., D.D., 1801-1843, an Episcopal 
 clergyman, eminent for piety and zealous discharge of his 
 professional duties, at the time of his death Rector of St. 
 Andrew's Church, Philadelphia, pub. a number of theological 
 works, which attained considerable popularity. Awake, Thou 
 Sleeper ! 3d edit., New York, 12mo. Gathered Fragments, 
 5th ed., N. Y., 12mo. The Young Disciple, 6th ed., N. Y., 
 12mo. The Pastor's Testimony, 6th ed., N. Y., 12mo. 
 Gleanings by the Way, Phila., 12mo. A Walk about Ziou, 
 9th ed., N. Y. Glimpses of the Old World, Phila., 4th ed., 
 with a Memoir of the Author by S. H. Tyng, D.D., Lon., 
 1847, 2 vols., p. 8vo. 
 
 " Dr. Clark has for some time been known to the religious public 
 as one of the most judicious and excellent writers of the day. His 
 works are all characterized by good thoughts, well expressed in a 
 graceful and appropriate manner, by great seriousness and unction, 
 and an earnest desire to promote the spiritual interests of his 
 fellow-men." 
 
 Clark, Jonas, of Lexington, Mass., 1730-1805. Ser 
 mons, 1766, '68, '81. See Everett's Orations, i. 536. 
 
 Clark, Joshua. Sermons, 1691, '98, 4to. 
 
 Clark, Kennedy. Poems, 1804, 12mo. 
 
 Clark, Lewis Gaylord, twin-brother of WILLIS GAY- 
 LORD CLARK, (post,} has obtained great popularity in hia 
 capacity of editor of the New York Knickerbocker Maga 
 zine. This excellent periodical was started in December 
 1832, by C. F. Hoffman, who was succeeded in the editor 
 ship in 1833, by Timothy Flint. Mr. Clark assumed the 
 helm in 1834, and still (in 1858) maintains a post the duties 
 of which few could discharge so well. So long as he offers 
 the tempting display of an " Editor's Table" furnished 
 with so great a profusion of good things, he may reasonably 
 expect an abundant supply of delighted guests. It is no 
 small recommendation of such fare, that each may partake 
 to his heart's content, without diminishing the quantity, 
 or injuring the quality, of the common stock ; and Mr. 
 Clark has kindly offered for the benefit of the public at 
 large, a portion of the viands which have for so many 
 years tickled the literary palates of the readers of the 
 Knickerbocker : Knick-Knacks from an Editor's Table, 
 New York, 1853, 12mo. 
 
 "We know of no collection of American humour similar to it; 
 certainly none that contains such a variety of original and racy 
 matter." Putnam's Magazine, January, 1853. 
 
 Clark, M. Sermon, Lon., 1718, 8vo. 
 
 Clark, Margaret. Confession of, Lon., 1688, 4to. 
 
 Clark, N. Way of Truth, Lon., 1717, '18, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Clark, Peter, of Danvers, Mass., d. 1768, aged 75. 
 Sermons, Ac., 1728-63. 
 
 Clark, R. Vermiculars destroyed; with an Historical 
 Account of Worms, Lon., 1690-93, 4to. 
 
 Clark, Richard. Favourite Pieces, performed at the 
 Glee and Catch Clubs, Ac., 1814, 8vo. 
 
 Clark, Robert. The Lying Wonders, or rather the 
 Wonderful Lies, Lon., 1660, 4to. 
 
 Clark, Robert. The* office of a Sheriff in Scotland, 
 1824, 8vo. 
 
 Clark, Rev. Rufus W., a Presbyterian minister, b. 
 1813, at Newburyport, Mass. Heaven and its Scriptural 
 Emblems. Memoir of Rev. John E. Emerson. Lectures 
 to Young Men. Review of Prof. Stuart on Slavery. Ro 
 manism in America. Life Scenes of the Messiah. Also, 
 Pamphlets, Sermons, Ac., and contributions to various 
 journals. 
 
 Clark, S. Description of the World, 1689, 12mo. 
 
 Clark, Samuel. Laws of Chance, Ac., 1758-77. 
 
 Clark, Samuel. Theory and P. of Mechanics, 1763, 
 '64, 4to. 
 
 Clark, Rev. Samuel A., an Episcopal minister, b. 
 at Newburyport, Mass. Memoir of the Rev. Albert W. 
 Duy, prefixed to a vol. of Mr. Duy's sermons, Phila., 1846, 
 r. 8vo, and pub. separately by the American S. S. Union. 
 Hist, of St. John's Church, Elizabethtown, N.J., 1703-1857, 
 Phila., 1857, 12mo. See MURRAY, NICHOLAS, DD., No. 1. 
 
 Clark, Stephen W., b. in N.Y.; grad. Amherst Coll., 
 1837. Analysis of the English Language. Practical Gram 
 mar. Etymological Chart. 
 
 "This chart presents at one view the entire etymology of tho 
 English language." 
 
 Clark, T. Perpetuation or Extinction of the Ecclesi 
 astical Jurisdiction in Temporal Concerns, Lon., 1840, 8vo. 
 
 Clark, Thomas. Nature,Ac.of Fever, Edin.,1801,8vo. 
 
 Clark, Thomas. Long-Shore Pilot, Lon., 1810, 8vc. 
 
 Clark, Thomas. System of Arithmetic, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Clark, Thomas. Hist, of Intolerance, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 "An upright advocate of truth, without partiality and without 
 prejudice." ion. Eclectic Review. 
 
CLA 
 
 CLA 
 
 Clark, Thomas M., D.D., Bishop of the P.E. Church 
 in the State of Rhode Island, b. in Newburyport, Mass. I 
 Lectures on the Formation of Character, Hartford, 1852, 
 12mo. Purity a Source of Strength. The Efficient Sun 
 day-School Teacher. An Efficient Ministry. Early Disci 
 pline and Culture, Prov., 1855, 12mo. Other publications. 
 
 Clark, W. Hist, of England; ed., with Addits. and Ques 
 tions, by Prof. J. C. Moffat, of Princeton Coll., Gin., 1851. 
 
 Clark, W. B. Asleep in Jesus, Phila., 18mo. 
 
 Clark, Wilfred. Serms., Lon., 1754, '97, 4to. 
 
 Clark, William. The Grand Tryal; or, Poetical 
 Excercitations upon the Book of Job, Edin., 1685, fol. 
 
 " A very liberal and respectably-executed paraphrastic version : 
 the common English translation is given on the margin." ORME. 
 
 Clark, William. The Restless Ghost; or, Wonder 
 ful News from Northamptonshire and Southwark, 4to. 
 
 Clark, William. 1. Tythes. 2. Relief of the Poor, 
 1515, 8vo. 
 
 Clark, William George, M.A. Gazpacho; or, Sum 
 mer Months in Spain, Oxford, 1850, 8vo. Peloponnesus: 
 Notes of Study and Travel, 8vo. 
 
 " For archaeological illustrations relating to Mycenae, Mantinea, 
 and Olympia, the Styx, the site of the battle-field of Mantinea, 
 botanical notes upon the banks of the Ladon and the Eurotas, the 
 flowers of asphodel, the brackens, the pools fringed with lashes of 
 fern, which the modern Greeks call poetically ' black eyes,' we have 
 much pleasure in referring the reader to this scholar-like volume, 
 full of ' beauty with simplicity.' "Lon. Athen., No. 1601, July 3,1858. 
 
 Clark, William H. Water Colours, Lon., 1807, fol. 
 
 Clark, Willis Gaylord,1810-1841, a native of Otisco, 
 New York, proprietor and editor of the venerable Phila 
 delphia Gazette, gained great distinction in the walks of 
 both poetry and prose. As specimens of the former, we 
 need only select from the many pieces the " Song of May/' 
 "Memory," and "A Lament." His facility and excellence 
 in prose composition will be seen by reference to Ollapo- 
 diana, (New York, 1844, 8vo,) a series of papers contri 
 buted to the New York Knickerbocker Magazine, of which 
 his brother, LEWIS GAYLORD CLARK, was, and still is, editor. 
 His Poems, also, have been pub. in a collective form. See 
 Griswold's Poets and Poetry, also his Prose Writers of 
 America; Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. 
 
 " These three numbers of Mr. Clark's writings contain a series 
 of essays and sketches, under the rather fantastic title of ' Ollapo- 
 diana,' which were originally published in the Knickerbocker. 
 They are written in a free and flowing style, merry and sad by 
 turns, now in the sunshine and now in the shade, but always with 
 an undercurrent of deep feeling, in which there are no imparities. 
 Occasionally poems, sometimes original and at others selected, are 
 introduced, showing the taste and graceful power of the author, 
 and the habitual tendency of his mind toward the beautiful. In 
 deed, we think Mr. Clark a better poet than prose writer. The 
 whole tune of his mind is highly poetical, and his thoughts con 
 tinually flow into rhythm, if not into rhyme. ... All Mr. Clark's 
 friends (and few men have had more or warmer ones) will welcome 
 this volume, as a mirror of his mind, of his quaintness, his hu 
 mour, his pathos, his easy, careless manner, his disregard of con 
 ventionalities, and, above all, of his gentle, humane, and generous 
 heart." N. Amer. Rev., lix. 239 : The. Literary Remains of the 
 late Willis Gaylord Clark, Nos. 1, 2, and 3, New York, 1844, 8vo. 
 
 Clark, William Tierney, 1783-1852; a distinguished 
 civil engineer. Account of Suspension Bridge across the 
 Danube, r. 8vo. 
 
 Clark, Zachary. Charities in Norfolk, 1812. 
 
 Clarke's British Gazetteer, Political, Commercial, Ec 
 clesiastical, and Historical, 1852. 3 vols. imp. 8vo. 
 
 Clarke, Adam, LL.D., 1762-1832, a native of Ma- 
 gherafelt, near Londonderry, Ireland, was recommended to 
 the notice of the excellent John Wesley, and by his influence 
 placed at the Kingswood School near Bristol. The pur 
 chase of a Hebrew Grammar led him to cultivate an ac 
 quaintance with Oriental literature, in which he attained 
 considerable proficiency. When 19 he became an itinerant 
 preacher, and was thus employed for 26 years. In 1805 
 he settled in London, where he assiduously devoted him 
 self to a work which engaged his attention more or less for 
 a large portion of his life the Commentary on the Bible. 
 In 1815 he retired to an estate at Millbrook, in Lancashire, 
 purchased for him by some generous friends. In 1826 he 
 visited the Shetland Isles, to ascertain the condition of the 
 Methodist Mission, established by the conference, at his 
 suggestion in 1822. In 1823 he returned to London, but 
 finding his health impaired, removed to the parish of Rus- 
 hp, m Middlesex, whore he remained until his death in 
 1832. Dr. Clarke was eminent for industry, piety, and zeal 
 His Commentary on the Scriptures will carry his name to 
 the remotest generation. Dissertation on the Use and 
 Abuse of Tobacco, Lon., 1797, 8vo. A Bibliographical 
 Dictionary, Liverp. and Manchest., 1802, '04, 6 vols. 12mo 
 Supplement, Lon., 1806, 2 vols. 12rao. This work is not 
 entirely without merit, although frequently inaccurate, but 
 the miserable paper on which it is printed, and the trouble 
 
 of consulting 8 small volumes, are sufficient to repel aught 
 save the most determined bibliographical zeal. It includes 
 the whole of the 4th ed. of Harwood's View of the Classics. 
 100 copies of the Dissertation on Polyglot Bibles was pub. 
 separately, 1823. Baxter's Christian Directory Abridged, 
 1804, 2 vols. 8vo. A new edit, of Claude Fleury's Hist, of 
 the Ancient Israelites, [trans, into English by Farneworth, 
 Lon., 1756, 8vo,] 1805, 12mo. Respecting this valuable 
 work see Bishop Home's Discourse, vol. i. The Eucharist, 
 1808, 8vo. The Succession of Sacred Literature, 1807, 
 12mo and 8vo; 1821, 12mo; new edit., 1831, 2 vols. 8vo; 
 vol. 2d, by Rev. J. B. B. Clarke. This valuable catena ex 
 tends from Moses, B.C. 1451, to Thomas Wicke, A.D. 1299. 
 No bibliographer should be without it. 
 
 " The whole contains much important information relative to 
 biblical and ecclesiastical literature." Howe's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 A new ed. of Shuckford's Connexion, 1803, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 Illness and Death of Richard Person. Sturm's Reflections 
 on the Works of God and his Providence, trans, from the Ger 
 man, 2 vols. 8vo ; 4 vols. 12mo ; 3 vols. 12mo ; 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " Ray, Derham, and Sturm, make Science the handmaid to Keli- 
 gion, by interspersing serious and devotional reflections with 
 scientific information." 
 
 See ANDREWS, ELIZA. The Holy Bible, with a Com 
 mentary and Critical Notes, Lon., 1810-26, 8 vols. 4to ; 
 improved ed., 1833, '34, 4to; also, in royal 8vo; new ed. in 
 60 parts, 2*. each, or 6 vols. imp. 8vo, 1851. 
 
 " Now, my dear Everett, tell Mr. Tegg it will not be to him a 
 second-hand edition, for the multitudinous emendations and cor 
 rections from the author's own and last hand will give him a com 
 plete new copyright. A. CLARKE." 
 
 A Supplementary volume, entitled The Biblical Com 
 panion, by another hand. Dr. Clarke culled his materials 
 from more than two thousand books in various languages. 
 
 " It is assuredly a wonderful performance, carried on as it was, 
 in the midst of journeyings and privations of weariness and pain- 
 fulness of care and distraction; and carried on too by an unaided 
 and single-handed man; for he himself affirms that he had no 
 mortal to afford him the smallest assistance." LOWNDES. 
 
 "It displays much learning and vast reading. It dwells fre 
 quently on minute points of comparatively small importance, and 
 touches some other points very lightly. . . . The doctrines of Armi- 
 nius appear in it, but are not offensively urged ; and those who 
 cannot afford to purchase many books, will find in the stores of 
 Dr. Clarke's Commentary valuable assistance for the understanding 
 of the Bible." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " The literary world in general, and biblical students in particu 
 lar, are greatly indebted to Dr. Clarke for the light he has thrown 
 on many very difficult passages." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " A wonderfuLmonument of the author's erudition and perse 
 verance. . . . Dr. Adam Clarke has done more to promote the popular 
 study of the sacred books in England than any other man what 
 ever; and at the same time he has carefully applied them to the 
 advancement of personal godliness." DR. E. WILLIAMS : Christian 
 Preacher. 
 
 " There is much valuable matter in it. Light is sometimes thrown 
 on difficult passages; but he is too fond of innovations, and justi 
 fying generally condemned characters, and has both eccentric and 
 exceptionable passages ; yet he often makes good practical remarks." 
 BICKERSTETH : Christian Student. 
 
 Harmer's Observations, with his Life; 5th and best ed., 
 1816, 4 vols. 8vo, by Dr. A. Clarke. Clavis Biblica, or a 
 Compendium of Biblical Knowledge, 1820, 8vo. Memoirs 
 of the Wesley Family, 8vo. 
 
 " To those who have read the Memoir of the Wesley Family no 
 recommendation of ours will enhance its value. To those, on the 
 contrary, who have that pleasure in reserve, we can promise an 
 exquisite treat." Lon. Watchman. 
 
 Dr. Clarke, assisted by his eldest son, J. W. Clarke, and 
 Mr. Holbrooke, laboured for some time in the preparation 
 of a new edit, of Rymer's Foedera. Vol. i. and the 1st 
 part of vol. ii. (pub. 1818) bear his name. He did not con 
 tinue his labours on this undertaking. The Gospels Har 
 monized. Arranged by Samuel Dunn, 1836, 8vo. His Mis 
 cellaneous Works were pub. in 13 vols. 12rno, 1836, Ac. 
 
 " Dr. Clarke's Miscellaneous Works are worthy of a place in every 
 theological library. The four volumes of Sermons which they con 
 tain are very valuable. They are argumentative, evangelical, and 
 impressive. All that Dr. Clarke wrote bears evident marks of re 
 search and of strong sense." DR. E. WILLIAMS : Christian PreacJier. 
 
 Memoirs, ed. by J. B. B. Clarke, 1832, 3 vols. 8vo. See a 
 review of this work by Southey, in the Quar. Rev., li. 117* 
 
 Clarke, Alexander. Theolog. treatises, 1763, '79. 
 
 Clarke, Alured, 1690-1742, Fellow of Corpus Christi 
 College, Cambridge, 1718; Prebendary of Exeter, 1731; 
 Dean of Exeter, 1740. Serms., 1726, '31, '37, '41. Cha 
 racter of Queen Caroline, 1738, Svo. 
 
 " He is said to have spent the whole surplus of his annual income 
 in works of hospitality and charity." 
 
 Clarke, Andrew. A Tour in France, Italy, and Swit 
 zerland in 1840 and 1841, Lon., 1843, p. Svo. 
 
 "The author's description of manners or localities is always ac 
 ceptable; he never tells more than the reader wishes to know." 
 Edin. Evening Courant. 
 
 Clarke, Anne. Literary Patchwork; or a Collection 
 ; of Prose and Verse, 1813, 8vo. 
 
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 Clarke, Anthony. Public Accounts, 1782, 4to. 
 
 Clarke, Sir Arthur. Essay on Bathing, Lon., 12mo. 
 " This work will be found to contain more useful instruction, 
 and more valuable practical remarks than any that has appeared 
 on the subject." ion. Gazette of Health. 
 
 Diseases of the Skin, 12mo. Use of Iodine, Ac., 12mo. 
 Manual for Preservation of Health, 12mo. Mother's Medi 
 cal Assistant, 12mo. 
 
 Clarke, C. L. Chancery Cases, Rochest., 1841, 8vo. 
 
 Clarke, Charles. Antiquarian treatises, 1751-94. 
 
 Clarke, Charles. Treatise on Gypsum, 1792, 8vo. 
 
 "With an account of its extraordinary effects as a manure; 
 cheap ; and more productive to vegetation than any hitherto made 
 use of." 
 
 Clarke, Charles C. Hundred Wonders, 1818, 12mo. 
 
 Clarke, Charles M. Diseases of Females, 1814, 
 8vo. 
 
 Clarke, Cuthbert. 1. The True Theory and Prac 
 tice of Husbandry, deduced from Philosophical Researches 
 and Experience, Lon., 1775, 4to. 2. Weights and Mea 
 sures, Edin., 1789, 4to. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 For other treatises on Weights and Measures, see 
 ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY ; ALEXANDER, JOHN HENRY, Ac. 
 
 Clarke, Edward, 1730-1786, educated at St. John's 
 College, Cambridge, Rector of Pepperharrow, Surrey, 1758 ; 
 Chaplain to the Embassy at Madrid, 1760. Letters con 
 cerning the Spanish Nation, Lon., 1765, 4to. They treat 
 of antiquities and Spanish literature. In the Appendix 
 will be found a catalogue of the MSS. in the Library of 
 the Escurial. A Defence of General Johnstone, 1767. A 
 Letter, 1765. Serm., 1759, 4to. Proposals for a folio ed. 
 of the Greek Testament. 
 
 Clarke, Edward Daniel, LL.D., 1769-1822, one of 
 the most distinguished of modern travellers, second son of 
 the preceding, entered Jesus College, Cambridge, in 1786 ; 
 in 1805 he received the College living of Harlton, and sub 
 sequently the living of Yeldham. In 1807 his Lectures on 
 Mineralogy, delivered at Cambridge, excited much atten 
 tion, and in the following year the University established 
 a Professorship of this science in favour of Dr. Clarke. 
 In 1790 he travelled with a pupil, a nephew of the Duke 
 of Dorset, through parts of Great Britain and Ireland. 
 He pub. an account of this tour in 1793, 8vo. This volume 
 is now rare ; many copies having been bought up by the 
 author, who regretted its publication. 
 
 *' It is throughout natural, eloquent, characteristic of youthful 
 ardour and spirit, and strongly indicative of feelings which do 
 honour to the goodness and humanity of his heart." See Otter's 
 Life of Clarke. 
 
 The Colossal Statue of Ceres at Cambridge, 1803, 8vo. 
 The Tomb of Alexander in the British Museum, Camb., 
 1805, 4to; repub., Lon., 1806, 8vo. 
 
 " Dr. Clarke and his friends have taken no ordinary pains to 
 prove the curious chest which is now in the British Museum, to be 
 the actual depository of the Macedonian Hero; and they have 
 brought together a body of materials which certainly does credit 
 to their learning." Lon. Annual Review. 
 
 The Mineral Kingdom, Lon. r 1806, fol. Letter to the 
 Gentlemen of the British Museum, 1807, 4to. The Greek 
 Marbles at Cambridge, Camb., 1809, 8vo. Letter to Her 
 bert Marsh, D.D., Lon., 1812, 8vo. Chemical Con. to 
 Ann. Philos., 1816, '17. In 1798, in company with a pupil, 
 Mr. Cripps, he made the extensive tour, the description 
 of which has conferred so much just celebrity on Dr. 
 Clarke's name. Their absence, which it was intended 
 should not exceed six months, was prolonged to three 
 years and a half. The travellers visited Denmark, 
 Sweden, Lapland, Finland, Russia, Tartary, Circassia, 
 Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and Greece ; return 
 ing home from Constantinople, across the Balkan moun 
 tains, through Germany and France. The medals, mine 
 rals, plants, and MSS., collected during this tour, were 
 sold to the Bodleian Library. Dr. Clarke's Travels in 
 Europe, Asia, and Africa, Ac., were published : Vol. i., 
 1810; ii., 1812; iii., 1814; iv., 1816; v., 1819 ; vi., (posth.) 
 1823, 4to; also in 11 vols. 8vo, 1816-24. These charming 
 and instructive volumes not only claim a place in the first 
 rank of travels by Englishmen, but the first place in the 
 first rank. We shall adduce some valuable testimonies to 
 their merits : 
 
 " You have seen and described more of the East than any of 
 your predecessors, I need not say how ably and successfully. 
 'Will you accept my very sincere congratulations on your second 
 volume, wherein I have retraced some of my old paths, adorned 
 by you so beautifully, that they afford me double delight? How 
 much yon have traversed! I must resume my seven-leagued 
 boots and journey to Palestine, which your description mortifies 
 me not to have seen more than ever. I still sigh for the vEgean 
 Shall you not always love its bluest of all waves and brightest of 
 all skies? You have awnkened all the gipsy in me. I long to be 
 restless again, and wandering: see what mischief you do- you 
 
 won't allow gentlemen to settle quietly at home. I will not wish 
 you success and fame, for you have both; but all the happiness 
 which even these cannot always give." letter from Lord Byron to 
 Dr. Clarke. 
 
 " We willingly pass over a host of minor, and even respectable, 
 travellers to journey in company with Dr. Clarke, whose strong 
 powers of observation, and eloquent and animated pictures, both 
 of art and nature, have raised him to so high a rank, among 
 modern travellers. His profound skill in antiquities peculiarly 
 qualified him for exploring the regions he principally traversed." 
 Murray's History of Discoveries. 
 
 " There is no department of inquiry or observation to which 
 Dr. C. did not direct his attention during his travel : in all he 
 gives much information in a pleasant style; and to all he evidently 
 Drought much judgment, talent, and preparatory knowledge." 
 Stevenson's Discovery, Navigation, and Cbmmerce. 
 
 " The splendour and celebrity of all travels performed by Eng 
 lishmen have been exceeded by those of the late and deeply la 
 mented Dr. Edward Clarke. Few travellers have attained so large 
 and so general a reputation. His style is easy and perspicuous : 
 his facts are striking, interesting, and instructive: his matter, 
 while it is highly to the best interests of science, displays the keen 
 and penetrating observation, the hardy enterprise, and the invin 
 cible perseverance of the author. That Dr. Clarke will live, in the 
 purest sense of the word, cannot be doubted for an instant : his 
 name will be held in more than ordinary estimation by a grateful 
 posterity. Upon the whole, if Humboldt be the first, Clarke is 
 the second, traveller of his age." Dr. Dibdin's Library Companion. 
 
 " Few travellers can be compared with Dr. Clarke, whether we 
 consider the number of countries which he visited, the extent and 
 variety of his researches, or the diligence and success with which 
 he applied himself to collect materials, illustrations of natural 
 philosophy, antiquities, and the fine arts." Museum Criticum, 
 Cambridge. 
 
 " He has a power of selecting objects, and raciness in describing 
 them, almost unparalleled. Few men have seen so much as this 
 lively and interesting traveller, and still fewer have so well de 
 scribed what they have seen." Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 " On all the topics which interest a traveller, Dr. Clarke's infor 
 mation is important and extensive; and we accordingly find in 
 these volumes a vast body of matter exceedingly valuable for rec 
 tifying the errors of other writers, and for increasing our know 
 ledge of countries aspiring to the first rank among European na 
 tions." Edin. Review. 
 
 " No man has surveyed the world with the advantages of more 
 various learning, or has communicated to the public the results of 
 his remarks on mankind, in a style more distinguished for clear 
 ness, elegance, and facility, than the learned and intelligent author 
 of these matchless volumes." Lon. Eclectic Review. 
 
 " The accomplished and famed traveller of Cambridge. He is a 
 most favourable specimen of English travellers, and does honour 
 to the great University of which he was such a distinguished or 
 nament." Elackwood's Magazine. 
 
 Let no fireside circle complain of " dull winter even 
 ings" until they have exhausted the volumes which con 
 tain Dr. Clarke's fascinating descriptions of his peregri 
 nations. The 4to ed., pub. at 27 2s., can now be had for 
 6 to 8 ; and the 8vo ed., pub. at 10, for about three 
 guineas. Let there be added the Life and Remains of 
 Dr. Clarke, by his friend, Mr. Otter, Lon., 1824, 4to. 
 
 Clarke, Edward Goodman, M.D. The Modern 
 Practice of Physic, Lon., 1805, 8vo. 
 
 " This volume may be recommended to the student as contain 
 ing the best compendium of modern improvement in medicine 
 and therapeutics which we have had occasion to peruse." Lon. 
 Critical Review. 
 
 " We earnestly recommend this work as deserving of the atten 
 tion, particularly, of the junior branches of the profession; as it 
 is written in an able and scientific manner." Lon. Med. Journal. 
 
 The New London Practice of Physic; 7th ed., Lon., 
 1811, 8vo. Other profess, treatises, 1799, 1810. 
 
 Clarke, Edmund William. Serms., Lon., 1835, 8vo. 
 
 Clarke, Francis. See CLKRKE. 
 
 Clarke, Francis F. Serms., Lon., 1839, 8vo. 
 
 Clarke, Francis L. 1. Geography. 2. Wellington, 
 1810, '12. 
 
 Clarke, Geo. The Landed Man's Assist., 1715, 12mo. 
 
 Clarke, George. Theolog. treatises, 1789,1806,12mo. 
 
 Clarke, George Somers, D.D. Trans, of (Edipus, 
 Lon., 1791, 8vo. Verses, 1793, 4to. Serms., 1808. He 
 brew Criticism and Poetry, 1810, 8vo. 
 
 Clarke, H. J. Two Serms., Lon., 1851, 8vo. 
 
 Clarke, Henry, 1745-1818, a mathematician, Profes/ 
 R. Military Coll. at Marlow. The Summation of Series, 
 trans, from the Latin, Lon., 1780, 4to. Practical Perspect 
 ive, 1776. Virgil Revindicated, being a reply to Bishop 
 Horsley, 1809, 4to. Other publications. 
 
 Clarke, Henry. Angels, a Poem, Lon., 1848, 12mo. 
 Poems on the Church, Ac., Lon., 1842, 12mo. 
 
 " They fully merit the commendation which we remember to 
 have seen bestowed by the British Critic on a previous volume." 
 Englishman's Mag. ; and see Christian Remembrancer. 
 
 Clarke, Hewson. Saunterer, 1806, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 Art of Pleasing, ] 807, 8vo. Campaign in Russia, 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Clarke, Hyde, has pub. several works, and contri 
 buted the Statistical Information to 1850, in Porter and 
 Long's Geography of England and Wales. 
 
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 "We cannot speak too highly of the statistical portion, which 
 contains a complete view, in a condensed form, of the whole body 
 of statistics relating to England and Wales, brought down to the 
 present time." Civil Engineer's Journal. 
 
 See PORTER, G. R. 
 
 Clarke, J., M.D. Seder Olam; or the Order of Ages. 
 From the Latin, Lon., 1696, 8vo. 
 
 Clarke, J. Clerk's Assistant, Lon., 1783, 12mo. 
 
 Clarke, J. B. B., son of Dr. Adam Clarke. Concise 
 View of the Succession of Sacred Literature, vol. ii., Lon., 
 1832, Svo. Memoirs of Adam Clarke, &c. : see ADAM 
 CLARKE. Serms., 1833, 8vo. 
 
 " They evince an earnestness of appeal, grounded upon solid 
 argument, and urged with considerable animation." Lon. Cliris- 
 tian Remembrancer. 
 
 Clarke, J. H. Effects of Landscape Scenery, 1812 : 
 pub. at 5 5*. 
 
 Clarke, J. W. See CLARKE, ADAM. 
 
 Clarke, James. Topograph. works, 1787, '93. 
 
 Clarke, James. Publications on Politics, Political 
 Economy, and Religion, 1809, '11. 
 
 Clarke, James Edward. Dissert, on the Dragon, 
 Beast, and False Prophet of the Apocalypse, Lon.,1814,8vo. 
 
 " We cannot agree with the author in many of his explanations : 
 yet we have read his work with some degree of satisfaction, and 
 think he has succeeded in throwing additional light on some of 
 the obscure subjects which he undertakes to illustrate." Lon. 
 Eclectic Review. 
 
 Clarke, James Freeman, a native of Boston, Mass., 
 a minister of the gospel, formerly editor of The Western 
 Messenger, pub. in 1846 a Poem delivered before the Phi 
 Beta Kappa Society. See some of his minor poems in 
 Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America. 
 
 Clarke, James Stanier, d. 1834, brother of Dr. 
 Edward Daniel Clarke, the celebrated traveller, was Do 
 mestic Chaplain and Librarian to George IV., Vicar of 
 Preston, Rector of Coombs, and Canon of Windsor. 
 Naval Serms., Lon., 1798, 8vo. The Progress of Maritime 
 Discovery, vol. i. ; all pub. 1803, 4to. This work was left 
 incomplete, but it is well worth purchasing were it only 
 for its analytical Catalogue of Voyages and Travels in all 
 languages. An ed. of Falconer's Shipwreck, 1804, 8vo. 
 Naufragia, 1805, 2 vols. 12mo. In conjunction with Dr. 
 McArthur, The Life of Lord Nelson, 1809, 2 vols. 4to; 
 Abridgt., 1810, 8vo. 
 
 " Every Englishman ought to possess this interesting and im 
 portant biography, forming a complete naval history of the last 
 half century." , 
 
 Serm., 1811. An ed. of Lord Clarendon's Essays, 1815, 
 2 vols. 12mo. The Life of James II. : pub. from the ori 
 ginal Stuart MSS., 1816, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 " From such a treasure as this Journal [James II .'s MSS.] it is a 
 matter to be lamented, and indeed deserving of extreme surprise, 
 that such a historian as Hume did no more than produce a single 
 extract." Prof. Smyth's Led. on Mod. Hist. 
 
 The Naval Chronicle originated with Mr. Clarke. 
 Clarke, Jeremiah, d. 1707, a composer of Church 
 Music, Ac. Some of his songs will be found in The Pills 
 to Purge Melancholy. He pub. Lessons for the Harpsi 
 chord. " I will love thee," in the 2d book of the Harmonia 
 Sacra, "Bow down thine Ear," and "Praise the Lord, 
 Jerusalem," are Clarke's compositions. To these must be 
 added " The Bonny grey-ey'd Morn," in the Beggar's 
 Opera. It was composed for D'Urfey's " Fond Husband." 
 Clarke, John. Trumpet of Apollo, Lon., 1602, 12mo. 
 Clarke, John, of Fiskerton. Transitionum Rhetori- 
 carum Formulae, Lon., 1628, 8vo. 
 
 Clarke, John. Holy Oyle for the Lampes of the 
 Sancturie, 1630, 4to. 
 
 " For the use and benefit of such as desire to speake the lan 
 guage of Canaan; more especially the sonnes of the Prophets, who 
 would attaine elegancie and sublimity of expressions." 
 
 Serm., 1646, 4to. Treatise about the Comfort of God's 
 Children, 1670. 8vo. 
 
 Clarke, John. The Plotters Unmasked; or, Murder 
 ers no Saints, 1661, 4to. , , 
 
 Clarke, John, 1650-1721. The Humours of Harle 
 quin, a series of 12 plates. 
 
 Clarke, John, D.D., d. 1759, Dean of Sarum. Trans, 
 of Rohault's Physics, 2 vols. 8vo, into English. Notes in 
 Wollaston's Religion of Nature. Newton's Principles of 
 Nat. Philos., Lon., 1730, 8vo. Cause and Origin of Evil, 
 vol. i. ; 8 serms. at Boyle's Lecture, 1719, '20, 8vo ; vol. ii. ; 
 8 serms. at Boyle's Lecture, 1720, '21, 8vo. Serm., 1732^ 
 8vo. Trans, of Grotius on the Truth of the Christian Re 
 ligion, with Le Clerc's Notes; new ed., 1814, 8vo. 
 
 " An excellent manual ; clear, forcible, and easy. So common 
 that almost everybody has it, and so excellent that nobody ought 
 to be without it." BISHOP WATSON. 
 
 Clarke, John. Medical treatises, Lon., 1751, '58, '93, 
 
 1815. Med. Trans., 1815. Trans. Med. and Chir., 1793, 
 1800. Phil. Trans., 1793. 
 
 Clarke, John, Lieut, of Marines. Military Institu 
 tions of Vegetius ; trans, from the Latin, Lon., 1767, 8vo. 
 An impartial and authentic Narrative of the Battle of 
 Bunker's Hill, Lon., 1775, 8vo. 
 
 " Differs, in several respects, from the Gazette account. Time 
 will shew whether General Gage or Lieutenant Clarke will be ac 
 counted the better authority." Lon. Monthly Review, liii. 265. 
 
 The collector of books upon American History should 
 procure Lieut. Clarke's Narrative. 
 
 Clarke, John. Serm., 1803, 4to. 
 
 Clarke, John. Illustrations of the Morning Service 
 of the Church of England, 1804, 12mo. 
 
 Clarke, John, D.D., 1755-1798, a minister of Boston, 
 Mass. Serms., Ac., 1784-1804. 
 
 Clarke, John. Serms., Ac., 1808, '12. 
 
 Clarke, John. Bibliotheca Legum : Complete Cata 
 logue of the Common and Statute Books of the United 
 Kingdom; new edit., 1819, Lon., 18mo. This excellent 
 catalogue most elaborately arranged according to sub 
 jects, yet rendered easy of consultation by a general in 
 dex should be in every public library and on every law 
 yer's table. We refer below to several works of a similar 
 character. A comprehensive BIBLIOTHECA LEGUM is still 
 a desideratum. The profession will see that we have not 
 entirely neglected so important a subject. 
 
 See BRIDGMAN, RD. W. ; BROOKE, EDWARD ; HOFFMAN, 
 DAYID ; MARTIN, J. G. ; WORRALL, JOHN. 
 
 Clarke, John. An Inquiry into the nature and value 
 of Landed and Household Property, Ac., Lon., 1808, 8vo. 
 We have no doubt that this work should be attributed to 
 John Clark, the author of the Caledonian Bards, Ac. We 
 have, therefore, placed it under his name, also, and sup 
 plied the above date. 
 
 Clarke, John. Sixteen Serms., Camb., 1829, 8vo. 
 
 Clarke, John L. A Rule how to bring up Children, 
 Lon., 1588, 8vo. This work is based upon the Bible; the 
 only competent "rule" for men, women, and children. 
 
 Clarke, Jos. Serm., Lon., 1691. 
 
 Clarke, Joseph. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1746, '49. 
 
 Clarke, Joseph, M.D. Profess, con. to Med. Com., 
 1790; Phil. Trans., 1786; Trans. Irish Acad., 1788. 
 
 Clarke, L. History of the Bible, 1737, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 Clarke, L. Letter to Henry Brougham, 1818, 8vo. 
 
 Clarke, M. A., M.D. Management of Children, from 
 the Time of Birth to the Age of Seven Years, Lon., 1773, 8vo. 
 
 Clarke, M'Donald, 1798-1842, known for many 
 years in N.Y. as The Mad Poet. We are indebted to Duyc- 
 kincks' Cyclopedia for the following list of his publications. 
 
 1. Review of The Eve of Eternity, and other Poems, 1820. 
 
 2. The Elixir of Moonshine; being a collection of Prose and 
 Poetry, by the Mad Poet, 1822. 3. The Gossip; or, A Laugh 
 with the Ladies, a Grin with the Gentlemen, Ac., 1825. 
 4. Sketches, 1826. 5. Afara; or, The Belles of Broadway, 
 2 Series. 6. Poems, 1836. 7. A Cross and a Coronet, 1841. 
 
 Clarke, Mary Ann. 'The Rival Princes, 1810, 2 vols. 
 8vo. Letter to Rt. Hon. W. Fitzgerald, 1813, 8vo. Mrs. 
 Clarke received 10,000 and an annuity of 600 for sup 
 pressing an edition of 10,000 copies of another work. See 
 Timperley's Encyclopaedia of Literary and Typographical 
 Anecdote, Lon., 1839, r. 8vo. 
 
 Clarke, Mary Cowden, an English lady, for some 
 years past resident at Nice, has distinguished herself for 
 all future time by the successful execution of one of the 
 happiest literary projects which ever entered into the ima 
 gination of man or woman. That laborious index-maker, 
 Samuel Ayscough, had pub. in 1790 a Copious Index to the 
 Remarkable Passages and Words made use of by Shaks- 
 peare; reprinted, Dublin, 1791, and Lon., 1827, Svo. 
 Francis Twiss also gave to the world in 1805-07, 2 vols. 
 Svo, a Complete Verbal Index to the Plays of Shakspeare. 
 But these works, which had cost the authors such an outlay 
 of time and toil, were very incomplete, and perhaps more 
 frequently productive of headaches and new instances of 
 the "pursuit of knowledge under difficulties," than suc 
 cessful explorations. Now, it occurred to Mrs. Clarke that 
 a Complete CONCORDANCE to the Dramatic Works of Shaks 
 peare would be invaluable to the literary world, and would 
 enter into a companionship with the great bard as close 
 and enduring as that which subsists between Coke and 
 Littleton. Or if Mrs. Clarke did not exactly think all 
 this, we may be allowed to think it for her. To this mag 
 num opus, pub. in 1846, she devoted the untiring labour 
 of sixteen years, twelve in the preparation of the MS. and 
 four more in guiding it through the press. The length of 
 time employed will not seem extravagant, when we con- 
 
CLA 
 
 Bider that the 2578 columns which compose the work con 
 tain about 309,000 lines, each one of which required, both 
 in MS. and print, a rigid scrutiny. How faithfully this 
 duty was discharged, may be judged from the fact, that 
 the table of errata contains but thirteen lines; all of which 
 are omissions merely: as to errors, we have no evidence 
 of their existence. The reader will feel a great curiosity 
 to know the modus operandi adopted in such an Herculean 
 undertaking : 
 
 " We had been erroneously informed that each line of the Con 
 cordance was written on a separate slip of paper, and put into 
 baskets alphabetically arranged. Had this been so, we opine it 
 would have required buck-baskets as large as that into which fat 
 Jack was so unceremoniously thrust, and a room to hold them as 
 capacious as St. George's Hall, in Windsor Castle. Far different 
 aud more ingenious was the mode pursued." R. BALMANNO: see 
 A Testimonial to Mrs. Mary Cowden Clarke, New York, 1852, pri 
 vately printed for subscribers only. 
 
 We trust that we shall not be blamed if we gratify a 
 laudable curiosity, by an extract from a letter from Mrs. 
 Clarke to the author of this Dictionary, in which the grand 
 secret is disclosed : 
 
 " The method I pursued was this : I had a wide-backed port 
 folio for each letter of the Alphabet, (in some instances as S, for 
 example it required two portfolios.) I took a fresh sheet of paper 
 for each word I inscribed. I worked straight through two pages 
 of Shakespeare as they lay open before me, letter by letter, thus: 
 suppose the top line of the page was ' Angels are bright still, 
 though the brightest fell :' I entered the word ' Angel' under its 
 proper head,and all the succeeding words beginning with A through 
 the two pages ; then ' fell,' and so on, till the whole of the two 
 pages were gone through; and then on to two more. At the end 
 of each play, I collected all the jilted pages of the MS., that my 
 portfolio might be as little loaded as need be; but even with this 
 precaution, the bulk in use was very large. However, although 
 the bulk may be increased by using a fresh sheet for each word, 
 yet I think the advantage of clearness thus obtained quite coun 
 terbalances the inconvenience, Ac." Dorchester Terrace, Bays- 
 water, March 25, 1852. 
 
 So admirably simple and ingenious was the path which 
 led the adventurer safely through this wilderness of words. 
 Every one who has a SHAKSPEARE as "who hath not, 
 that hath" a book at all should immediately procure Mrs. 
 Clarke's invaluable CONCORDANCE. Let the reader add to 
 this volume Mrs. Clarke's Girlhood of Shakspere's Hero 
 ines; Shakspere Proverbs; Kit Barn's Adventures, and 
 The Iron Cousin, or Mutual Influence. 
 
 ' Mrs. Cowden Clarke, whose Concordance of Shakspeare shows 
 such mastery of the letter of the poet's works, now evinces her 
 appreciation of their spirit in a series of fictions entitled The 
 Girlhood of Shakspeare's Heroines." Dickens's Household Narra 
 tives. 
 
 World-Noted Woman; or, Types of Particular Womanly 
 Attributes of All Lands and Ages Illustrated, N.Y., 1858, 
 8vo. This elaborate volume was prepared by Mrs. Clarke 
 at the suggestion of the Messrs. Appleton, the well-known 
 publishers of New York. Mrs. Clarke has also trans, from 
 the French Catel's Treatise on Harmony, and Cherubini's 
 Treatise on Counterpoint and Fugue. 
 
 Clarke, Matthew, 1664-1726, a Dissenting minister 
 in London. Serms., 1714, '21, '23, '27. 
 
 Clarke, Matthew St. Clair, and D. A. Hall. His 
 tory of the Bank of the United States, Washington, 1832, 
 8vo, pp. 808. See North American Review, July, 1832. 
 Cases of Contested Elections in Congress, from 1789 to 
 1834, inclusive, Washington, 8vo. M. St. C. C. and Peter 
 Force ; Documentary History of the American Revolution, 
 Washington, 1838, fol. ; pp. 943. This vol. extends from 
 March 1, 1774, to May 2, 1775. 
 
 "It includes all the debates in the English House of Lords and 
 in the Commons. ... It is a documentary history such as never 
 before existed, when the greatest minds of the age were brought 
 into collision, and met to discuss the doctrines and the rights 
 which were effecting a change in the destiny of the race." North 
 American Review, April, 1838 ; q. v. See FORCE, PETER. 
 
 Clarke, Reuben. Serms., Lon., 1767, '95, 8vo. 
 
 Clarke, Richard, an English divine, was some time 
 Rector of St. Philip's Church, Charleston, S. Carolina. He 
 returned to England in 1759, and in 1768 was curate of 
 Cheshunt in Hertfordshire. Theolog. treatises, 1759-95. 
 
 Clarke, Richard, M.D. Plan for increasing Naval 
 Force of Great Britain, Lon., 1795, 8vo. Medical Stric 
 tures, 1799, 8vo. 
 
 Clarke, Rev. Robert. Med. <tc. con. to Phil. Trans., 
 1697, 1748. 
 
 Clarke, Robert. Con. to Med. Tracts, 1795. 
 
 Clarke, Samuel, 1599-1682, a native of Worlston, 
 Warwickshire, educated at Emanuel College, Minister of 
 St. Bennet Fink, ejected, 1662, pub. several valuable theo 
 logical works. The Saint's Nosegay, Lon., 1642, 12mo. 
 A Looking Glass for Saints and Sinners, and Lives of 
 Persons eminent for Piety, 1646, 12mo; 1672, fol.; vol.ii. 
 1673, fol. 
 
 CLA 
 
 " He must have turned over a prodigious number of volumes to 
 accumulate such a mass of anecdote." 
 
 Marrow of Ecclesiastical History, 1650, 2 vols. 4to; best 
 ed., 1675, fol. Lives of Sundry Eminent Persons in this 
 Latter Age, 1683, fol. 
 
 " Various particulars of the lives of eminent men, not now to 
 be found elsewhere." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 General Martyrology, 1651, fol.; the same, with the 
 Lives of 32 English Divines, 1652, fol.; with addits., 1677, 
 fol. The Marrow of Divinity, 1659, fol. New Descrip 
 tion of the World, 1689, fol. Other works. 
 
 " The value of most of his lives is, that they are taken from 
 scarce volumes and tracts, which it would now be extremely diffi 
 cult, as well as expensive, to procure." 
 
 Clarke, Samuel, 1623-1669, an eminent Oriental 
 scholar, a native of Brackley, Northamptonshire, entered 
 of Merton College, Oxford, 1638, assisted Walton in his 
 Polyglot Bible. Varise Lectiones et Observationes in 
 Chaldaicam Paraphrasim. Polyg. Bill., vol. vi. Scien- 
 tia Metrica et Rhythmica, Oxon., 1661, 8vo. Beracoth, 
 1667, 8vo. See a description of his works, printed and 
 in MS., in Athen. Oxon. Wood tells us that he wa8 
 
 " Right famous for Oriental learning." 
 
 Clarke, Samuel, 1626-1700-01, son of Samuel 
 Clarke the Martyrologist, was educated at Pembroke Hall, 
 Cambridge. The Old and New Testament, with Annota 
 tions and Scriptural Passages, Lon., 1690, 8vo; 1735, '60, 
 fol. ; Glasg., 1765, fol. This commentary was the princi 
 pal employment of his life. 
 
 " This work is recommended by Owen, Bates, Baxter, and Howe. 
 Except the parallel Scriptures, however, it does not appear to me 
 to possess great value, or to contain much original composition. 
 It is generally very judicious, and is recommended by the Bishop 
 of Chester." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " The selection of parallel texts is admirable ; and the notes, 
 though very brief, are written with great judgment." Home's 
 BiU. Bib. 
 
 " The notes are very short, sometimes only a single sentence, but 
 generally excellent. Dr. Doddridge made it his commonplace 
 book." Bicker steMs Christian Student. 
 
 It is also highly recommended by Bishop Cleaver, Dr. 
 Calamy, and others. 
 
 " It has been an excellent fund for some modern commentators, 
 who have republished a great part of it. with very little alteration." 
 
 Abridgt. of the Hist. Part of the 0. and N. Testaments, 
 1690, 8vo. Survey of the Bible, 1693, 4to. 
 
 "A useful analysis of each chapter." Bickerstfth's Chris. Student. 
 
 Serm., 1693, 4to. Brief Concordance of the Holy Scrip 
 tures, 1696, 12mo. A Discourse of Justification, 1698, 4to. 
 
 Clarke, Samuel, D.D., 1675-1729, one of the most 
 celebrated of English philosophers and divines, was a na 
 tive of Norwich, where his father, Edward Clarke, was an 
 alderman. He entered Caius College, Cambridge, in 1691; 
 Chaplain to Dr. Moore, Bishop of Norwich, 1698, who gave 
 him the rectory of Drayton ; Rector of St. Bennet's, Paul's 
 Wharf, London, 1706 ; Rector of St. James's, Westminster, 
 1709. When only twenty years of age he distinguished 
 himself by a successful effort to substitute the Newtonian 
 for the Cartesian philosophy, which still prevailed at Cam 
 bridge. The physics of Rohault, "a work entirely Car 
 tesian," was the Cambridge text-book. The Latinity of 
 this work was very defective, and this fact gave Clarke an 
 opportunity to supplant its principles under the cloak of a 
 better translation, and supplementary notes. 
 
 "A new and more elegant translation was published by Dr. 
 [then Mr.] Samuel Clarke, with the addition of notes, in which 
 that profound and ingenious writer explained the views of Newton 
 on the principal subjects of discussion, so that the notes contained 
 virtually a refutation of the text : tney did so, however, only vir 
 tually ; all appearance of argument and controversy being care 
 fully avoided. Whether this escaped the notice of the learned 
 doctors or not, is uncertain; but the new translation, from its 
 better Latinity, . . . was readily admitted to all the academical 
 honours which the old one had enjoyed. Thus the stratagem of 
 Dr. Clarke completely succeeded ; the tutor might prelect from the 
 text, but the pupil would sometimes look into the notes; and 
 error is never so sure of being exposed as when the truth is placed 
 close to it, side by side, without any thing to alarm prejudice or 
 awaken from its lethargy the dread of innovation." PROF. PLAYFAIB. 
 
 " This certainly was a more prudent method of introducing 
 truth unknown before, than to attempt to throw aside this treatise 
 entirely and write a new one instead of it. The success answered 
 exceedingly well to his hopes ; and he may justly be styled a great 
 benefactor to the university in this attempt. For by this means 
 the true philosophy has, without any noise, prevailed ; and to this 
 day the translation of Rohault is, generally speaking, the stand 
 ing text for lectures, and his notes the first direction to those who 
 are willing to receive the truth of things, in the place of invention 
 and romance." BISHOP HOADLY. 
 
 Of this translation there have been four editions ; the 
 last and best, in 1718, 8vo. A translation of Rohault into 
 English, with Dr. Samuel Clarke's Notes, was made by 
 the brother of the latter, Dr. John Clarke, Dean of Sarum, 
 Lon., 1710, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Our author, having chosen divinity as his profession, ap- 
 
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 CLA 
 
 plied himself with much zeal to theological learning, in 
 which he made great attainments. Three Practical Es 
 says on Baptism, Confirmation, and Repentance, 1699, 8vo. 
 " Mr. Whiston esteems these Essays the most serious treatises 
 Dr. Clarke ever wrote, and which, with a little correction, will 
 still be very useful in all Christian families." Biog. Brit. 
 But audi alteram partem : 
 
 " These publications gave little promise of Clarke's subsequent 
 performances. They are destitute of originality and acuteness ; 
 nor is there any thing in the style to compensate for mediocrity 
 of thought and illustration." Cunningham's Biog. Hist. ofEng. 
 
 Eeflections on Amyntor, 1699. Paraphrases upon the 
 Gospel of St. Matthew, 1701; St. Mark and St. Luke, 1702; 
 St. John : often reprinted under the title of A Paraphrase 
 on the Four Evangelists, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Dr. Clarke's Paraphrase deserves an attentive reading : he 
 narrates a story in handsome language, and connects the parts well 
 together ; but fails much in emphasis, and seems to mistake the 
 order of the histories." DR. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 " Dr. Clarke was a superior scholar, and a man who studied the 
 Bible with attention, though some of its grand doctrines were not 
 correctly understood by him. . . . Those who are partial to para 
 phrases of the Bible, which the author of this work is not, will 
 find Clarke and Pyle not inferior to the generality of paraphrasts." 
 Orme's BM. Bib. 
 
 Pyle's [Thomas] Paraphrase on the Acts and the Epis 
 tles, 1725, 2 vols. 8vo, and on the Book of Revelation, 1735, 
 8vo, were designed as a continuation of Clarke's work. 
 See PYLE, THOMAS. Controversy with Mr. Dodwell re 
 specting the Immortality of the Soul ; five treatises, pub. 
 1706, '07. Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of 
 God. The Obligations of Natural Religion, and the Truth 
 and Certainty of the Christian Revelation, in Answer to 
 Hobbes, Spinoza, <fec., being the Substance of 16 Sermons 
 preached 1704, '05, at the Lecture founded by the Hon. 
 Robert Boyle, 1705 and 1706, 2 vols. 8vo. The first eight ! 
 sermons are devoted to A Demonstration of the Being and 
 Attributes of God. 
 
 Very different opinions have been entertained of this 
 celebrated demonstration. The satirical commentary of 
 Pope has but little weight, for the theological opinions of 
 the author of the Dunciad have never been considered 
 especially valuable. Dr. Thomas Brown has a better 
 claim to be heard, and he considers the speculations of 
 Clarke and others of a like character, as 
 
 " Relics of the mere verbal logic of the schools, as little capable 
 of producing conviction as any of the wildest and most absurd 
 of the technical scholastic reasonings on the properties, or supposed 
 properties, of entity and non-entity." 
 
 Dugald Stewart acknowledges that "argument a priori 
 has been enforced with singular ingenuity by Dr. Clarke," 
 yet he confesses that it " does not carry complete convic 
 tion to my mind." 
 
 Bishop Hoadly, the stout apologist for Clarke, declares 
 that his demonstration 
 
 " Is one regular building, erected upon an unmovable founda 
 tion, and rising up from one stage to another, with equal strength 
 and dignity." 
 
 Whiston tells us that he was in his garden when Clarke 
 brought him this famous volume : 
 
 " Now I perceived that in these Sermons he had dealt a great 
 deal in abstract and metaphysical reasonings. I therefore asked 
 him how he ventured into such subtilties, which I never durst 
 meddle with ? And shewing him a nettle, or the like contemptible 
 weed, in my garden, I told him, that weed contained better argu 
 ments for the Being and Attributes of God, than all his metaphy- 
 sicks. He confessed it to be so; but alleged for himself, that, 
 since such philosophers as Hobbes and Spinoza had made use of 
 those kind of subtilties against, he thought proper to shew, that 
 the like way of reasoning mijjht be better made use on the side of, 
 religion. Which reason, or excuse, I allowed not to be inconsider 
 able."!^. Mem. : see Biog. Brit. 
 
 We think that Clarke's " reason or excuse" should have 
 been most satisfactory. 
 
 A great philosopher remarks, with much modesty, of such 
 " metaphysicks," as Whiston styles them, 
 
 "These are the speculations of men of superior genius; but 
 whether they be as solid as they are sublime, or whether they be 
 the wanderings of imagination in a region beyond the limits of 
 human understanding, I am unable to determine." DR. REID. 
 
 The topic was not a new one, nor the arguments ad 
 duced altogether original, even in the English school of 
 philosophy. Ralph Cudworth, Henry More, and John 
 Howe, (especially see The Living Temple,) had all pre 
 viously been " sailing on this sea of speculation " 
 
 Trans, of Sir Isaac Newton's Optics into Latin, 1706 
 Caesar's Commentaries, 1712, fol. 
 
 " " * s n ,. wonde . r /hat an edition should be very correct which 
 has passed through the hands of one of the most accurate, learned, 
 and judicious writers this age has produced." ADDISON Specta 
 tor. No. 367. 
 
 The Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity, Lon., 1712, 8vo. 
 This work led to a protracted controversy, in which Dr 
 Waterland, Mr. Nelson, Edwards, Wells, Gastrell, Whitby, 
 Jackson, and others took part. For a list of the publica 
 
 tions of Dr. Clarke and his opponents on this subject, see 
 Watt's Bibl. Bib. and the Biog. Brit. ; also Walchii Bibl. 
 Theol. 964-6; and T. H. Home's Cat., 2 Col. Library, Camb., 
 vol. i. 
 
 " The sentiments of Clarke upon this point were undoubtedly 
 Arian ; but it was an Arianism which approached as closely as pos 
 sible to the doctrine of the Trinity. He regarded the Son and Holy 
 Spirit as emanations from the Father, endowed by him with every 
 attribute of Deity, self-existence alone excepted." Cunningham's 
 Biog. Hist, of England. 
 
 "Jones and Waterland will furnish a sufficient reply to Clarke." 
 BICKERSTETH : Christian Student. 
 
 " The writings of Dr. Clarke on the Trinity contain a great deal 
 of discussion respecting the meaning of Scripture, and occasioned 
 a very extended controversy in England. He seems to have been 
 led to the sentiments adopted and defended, by his metaphysical 
 tone of mind, and by pursuing improperly the language of human 
 creeds respecting the generation of the Son of God. The contro 
 versy tended greatly to spread Arianism over the country." ORME : 
 Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Clarke was now called upon to defend the Newtonian 
 philosophy against Leibnitz, who had represented it to the 
 Princess of Wales, afterwards Queen Consort of George II., 
 as false in philosophy, and dangerous in theology. At the 
 request of the princess, Sir Isaac Newton took up the ma 
 thematical line of defence, leaving the philosophical branch 
 to Dr. Clarke. The latter pub. the Collection of Papers 
 which passed between him and Leibnitz, relating to the 
 Principles of Natural Philosophy and Religion, in 1717. 
 Discourse on some 0. T. Prophecies, 1725, 8vo. His dis 
 cussion with Leibnitz respecting Philosophical Liberty and 
 Necessity was succeeded on the death of Leibnitz by a 
 similar controversy with Anthony Collins. Clarke pub. in 
 1717 his Remarks on Collins's Enquiry concerning Human 
 Liberty. This work and his discussion with Leibnitz were 
 pub. in French by Des Maizeaux in 1720. Seventeen Ser 
 mons, 1724. Trans, of the first Twelve Books of Homer's 
 Iliad, 1729, 4to. Twelve last Books, (partly trans, by Dr. 
 Samuel Clarke,) pub. by his son, Samuel Clarke, 1732, 4to. 
 The Latin version is almost entirely new, and annotations 
 are added at the bottom of the pages. 
 
 " The translation, with his corrections, may now be styled accu 
 rate ; and his notes, as far as they go, are indeed a treasury of 
 grammatical and critical knowledge." BISHOP HOADLY. 
 
 Exposition of the Church Catechism, Lon., 1729, 8vo; 
 1730, 8vo, and in his Works, vol. iii. This Exposition occa 
 sioned a controversy, in which Drs. Waterland and Sykes 
 and Thos. Emlyn were concerned. Sermons from the au 
 thor's MSS., by Jno. Clarke, D.D., Dean of Sarum, 1730, 
 '31, 10 vols. 8vo. Eighteen Sermons, 1734, 8vo. Works, 
 with his Life, by Bishop Hoadly, 1738, 4 vols. fol. Homeri 
 Odyssea; Greece et Latine, 4th ed., Glasg., 1799, 2 vols. 
 Letter to Dr. Hoadly. Mathematical Con. to Phil. Trans., 
 1728. 
 
 "Dr. Clarke was as bright a light and masterly a teacher of truth 
 and virtue as ever yet appeared among us. ... His sentiments and 
 expressions were so masterly, his way of explaining the phraseology 
 of Scripture by collecting and comparing together the parallel 
 places, so extraordinary and convincing, as to make his method of 
 preaching so universally acceptable, that there was not a parish 
 ioner who was not always pleased at his coming into their Pulpit, 
 or who was ever weary of his instruction. His works must last as 
 long as any language remains to convey them to future times." 
 BISHOP HOADLY. 
 
 " He rarely reaches the sublime, or aims at the pathetic; but in 
 a clear, manly, flowing style, he delivers the most important doc 
 trines, confirmed on every occasion by well-applied passages from 
 Scripture. He was not perfectly orthodox in his opinions ; a cir 
 cumstance which has lowered his character among many." DR. 
 KNOX. 
 
 " Eminently and justly celebrated." DR. PARR. 
 
 " If a preacher's disposition incline him to the illustration of the 
 sacred text, which, in strict truth, is performing what by his office 
 he has engaged himself to undertake, that is to say, to preach the 
 word of God, the best models I can think of are the Sermons of Dr. 
 Samuel Clarke of St. James's, who is always plain, clear, accurate, 
 and full." BISHOP WARBURTON. 
 
 "I should recommend Dr. Clarke's Sermons, were he orthodox; 
 however, it is very well known where he was not orthodox, which 
 was upon the doctrine of the Trinity, as to which he is a condemned 
 heretic ; so one is aware of it." DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 We quote from a very eminent authority the following 
 admirable sketch of Dr. Clarke considered as a philosopher : 
 
 " The chief glory of Clarke, as a metaphysical author, is due to 
 the boldness and ability with which he placed himself in the breach 
 againt the Necessitarians and Fatalists of his times. With a mind 
 far inferior to that' of Locke, in comprehensiveness, in originality, 
 and in fertility of invention, he was nevertheless the more wary 
 and skilful disputant of the two; possessing, in a singular degree, 
 that reach of thought in grasping remote consequences, which 
 effectually saved him from those rash concessions into which Locke 
 was frequently betrayed by the greater warmth of his temperament 
 and vivacity of his fancy. This logical foresight (the natural result 
 of his habits of mathematical study) rendered him peculiarly fit to 
 contend with adversaries eager and qualified to take advantage ot 
 every vulnerable point in his doctrine; but it gave, at the samo 
 time, to his style a tameness and monotony, and want of colouring, 
 which never appear in the easy and spirited, though often unfinished 
 
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 and unequal, sketches of Locke. Voltaire has somewhere said of him, 
 that he was a mere reasoning machine, (un moulin a, raisonnement,) 
 and the expression (though doubtless much too unqualified) pos 
 sesses merit, in point of just discrimination, of which Voltaire was 
 probably not fully aware." DUGALD STEWART : 1st Prelim. Dissert. 
 
 to See Li YW of Clarke by Whiston and Hoadly; Whitaker's 
 Origin of Arianism; Warburton's Letters; Biog. Brit.; 
 Nichols's Bowyer; Tytler's Memoirs of Lord Kames. 
 
 Clarke, Samuel, D.D., grandson of the preceding, 
 pastor to a congregation of Dissenters at St. Alban's. 
 Christian's Inheritance, being a Collection of the Promises 
 of Scripture under their Proper Heads, &c., Lon., 1790, 
 12mo ; new edit., with an Essay, by Ralph Wardlaw, D.D., 
 12mo, Lon., 1850. 
 
 " In this edition every passage of Scripture has been compared 
 and verified. The volume is like an arranged museum of gems, 
 and precious stones, and pearls of inestimable value. The divine 
 promises comprehend a rich and endless variety." DR. WARDLAW. 
 "The promises [Clarke's Collection] are for the most part well 
 arran"ed, and this book has been found food for many. But it has 
 one serious fault: they are Scripture promises, but not in the 
 Scripture mode and connection. They are often dissevered from 
 the Christian tempers and duties with which they are associated in 
 the Scripture, and in which alone an interest in them is maintained 
 and enjoyed." BICKERSTETH: Christian Student. 
 
 Clarke, or Clark, Samuel. The Life and Death of 
 Nebuchadnezzer the Great, 1664; and in the Somers Col 
 lection, vol. vii. Protestant Schoolmaster, 1680, 12mo. 
 
 Clarke, Sir Samuel. Fleta Book; the first; contain 
 ing the Ancient Pleas of the Crown, with corrections and 
 illustrations ; Latin, Lon., 1735, fol. See SELDEN, JOHN. 
 Clarke, Sara Jane. See LIPPINCOTT. 
 Clarke, Stephen. Serms., 1727, '30, 8vo. 
 Clarke, Stephen. Coal Merchant. The Poison Tree; 
 a Dram., 1809, 8vo. Torrid Zone; a Dram., 1809, 8vo. 
 The Kiss; a Com., 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Clarke, Thomas, Priest of the College of Rheims. 
 
 Recantation of Popery, 1593, 8vo. Life of P. Kempe, 8vo. 
 
 Clarke, Thomas. Meditations in my Confinement, 
 
 Lon., 1661, 4to. 
 
 Clarke, Thomas B. Political treatises, 1784-1812. 
 Clarke, William. Serms., Lon., 1656, 4to. 
 Clarke, William. Nitre, Lon., 1670, 8vo; in Latin, 
 Francf., 1675, 8vo. 
 
 " He describes it as an emetic, purgative, refrigerant, and febri 
 fuge." DR. WATT. 
 
 Clarke, William. Party Revenge, 1720, 8vo. 
 
 Clarke, William, 1696-1771, Fellow of St. John's 
 
 College, Cambridge, Rector of Buxted, 1724. Oration, 
 
 1768, 8vo. Connexion of the Roman, Saxon, and English 
 
 Coins, Lon., 1767, 4to. 
 
 "There is in this work (pp. 54-65) a very good account of the 
 ancient trade of the Black Sea,:'McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Economy 
 Clarke, William, M.D. Prof, treatises, 1751, '53, '57. 
 Clarke, William, M.D. 1. Observations on the Con 
 duct of the French. 2. Letters on the French Revolution 
 1755, '95. 
 
 Clarke, William. Repertorium Bibliographicum, or 
 some Account of the most celebrated British Libraries 
 Public and Private, 1819, Svo. Let the reader secure this 
 book on the first opportunity. 
 
 " A most valuable and interesting book, and more especially so 
 to the lovers of Bibliomania; containing much valuable matter 
 relating to celebrated libraries, with an account of their collectors.' 
 Clarke, William, Architect. Extracts from the MS 
 Journals and the Drawings of this gentleman will be founc 
 in that useful compilation from Mazois, Sir Wm. Gell, &c. 
 entitled Pompeii ; its Past and Present State. 
 
 " Those who have visited Pompeii invariably admit the grea 
 accuracy of these little volumes." 
 
 Clarke, William. See LEWIS, MERRIWETHER. 
 Clarke, William A. Abridgt. of .Life of Rev. T 
 Hogg, Lon., 1799, 12mo. 
 Clarkson, Charles. Serms., Lon., 1773. 
 Clarkson, Christopher. Serms., 1733, '37, 4to. 
 Clarkson,David,1622-1686, a learned Nonconformis 
 divine. Fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge, succeeded Dr 
 Owen,' 1683. Primitive Episcopacy, Lon., 1680, Svo. N 
 Evidence of Diocesan Episcopacy in Primitive Times 
 1681, 4to, in answer to Stillingfleet. Discourse of Litur 
 gies, 1689, Svo. Serms. and Discourses, 1696, fol. H 
 wrote several treatises against Romanism. 
 
 " Tillotson, notwithstanding Clarkson's nonconformity, alway 
 preserved a very high respect for him." 
 
 " A Divine of extraordinary worth, for solid judgment, healing 
 moderate principles, acquaintance with the Fathers, great mini 
 terial ability, and a godly, upright life." BAXTER. 
 
 "The matter of his Sermons was always judiciously derive 
 from his text, and remarkable for depth and clearness." DR. W 
 BATES. 
 
 John Howe and Matt. Mead also recommend his sermons 
 " Evangelical and comprehensive." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 CLA 
 
 Some of them have been printed by the London Reli- 
 ious Tract Society. His attack upon Diocesan Episco- 
 acy was answered by Henry Maurice, in A Defence of 
 Kocesan Episcopacy, Lon., 1691, 8vo, and 1700, 8vo. 
 
 Clarkson, D. A. Designs for Tombs, Monuments, 
 ;c., Lon., imp. 4to. 
 
 Clarkson, Lawrence. Truth released from Prison 
 o its former Liberty. 
 
 Clarkson, Thomas, 1760-1846, the distinguished 
 ,dvocate of the abolition of slavery, was educated at St. 
 ' ohn's College, Cambridge, and took Deacon's orders. He 
 >ub. several Essays against the Slave Trade, 1783, '87, '89, 
 91, 1807,- a History, <fcc. of the Abolition of the Slave 
 Crade in 1808, 2 vols. 8vo, and 1839, and a Vindication 
 )f this work. A Portraiture of Quakerism, 1806 and 1809, 
 J vols. 8vo j 3d ed., 1813, 3 vols. 8vo. Of the 1st ed. 2500 
 jopies were sold without advertisement. It was reviewed 
 ay Lord Jeffrey, Edin. Rev., April, 1807. Memoirs of the 
 Private and Public Life of Wm. Penn, 1813, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Clarkson seems to have spared no pains or labour in in- 
 
 brming himself of every circumstance relative to Penn, whether 
 
 :ontained in well-known or obscure works." Lon. Eclectic Ifevinv. 
 
 Lord Jeffrey also reviews this work in the Edin. Review 
 
 for July, 1813. 
 
 " It should be sufficient for the glory of William Penn, that he 
 stands upon record as the most humane, the most moderate, and 
 ;he most pacific of all rulers." LORD JEFFREY. 
 
 See T. Taylor's Biog. Sketch of Thomas Clarkson, Lon., 
 12mo; 2d ed., by Dr. Stebbing, 1847. 
 
 " Mr. Taylor has performed his undertaking with the zeal of an 
 affectionate admirer, and with taste, judgment, and accuracy." 
 London Christian Advocate. See DIXON, WILLIAM HEPWORTH. 
 
 Clarkson, William. Cause of the Increase of Pau 
 perism and Poor's Rates, with a remedy for the same, 
 Lon., 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Clarkson, William. Missionary Encouragements 
 in India, Lon., 18mo. "A volume of thrilling interest." 
 India and the Gospel, or an Empire for the Messiah ; with 
 introduc. by Rev. T. Archer, D.D. 
 
 " The book should be circulated by tens of thousands." Lon. 
 Evangelical Magazine. 
 
 Claromont. See CLARAMONT. 
 
 Clason, Isaac Starr, 1796-1830, a native of New 
 York, wrote "the 17th and 18th cantos of Don Juan," a 
 continuation of Lord Byron's poem. 
 
 Clater, Francis. Every Man his own Farrier, Newk., 
 1783, 8vo -, 28th ed. Lon., 1843, 12mo. By John Clater and 
 W. C. Spooner, with addits. by J. S. Skinner, (Amer. ed.) 
 Every Man his own Cattle Doctor, Lon., 1810, Svo; 9th 
 ed., Lon., 1842, 12mo ; revised by Wm. Youatt and W. C. 
 Spooner, with addits. by J. S. Skinner, (American ed.) 
 
 " Clater and Youatt are names treasured by the farming com 
 munities of Europe as household gods ; nor does that of Skinner 
 deserve to be less esteemed in America." American Farmer. 
 
 Mr. Edward Mayhew has recently edited a 29th ed. of the 
 "Farrier," and a 10th ed. of the " Cattle Doctor." 
 Clavel, Roger. Tables of Discount, 1683, fol. 
 Clavell, John, a highwayman temp. Charles I. Dis 
 covery of the Highway Law; with instructions how to 
 shun or apprehend a thief; in verse, Lon., 1628, 8vo. Re 
 cantation of an ill-led Life, 1634, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 
 109, 3 8s. This gentleman-robber was a nephew of Sir 
 N. Clavell. 
 
 " Clavell here [in his Recantation] recites his own adventures on 
 the highway. His first depredations are on Gad's-hill." Warton's 
 Hist. Eng. Poetry. 
 
 Clavell, Robert. Dominion of the British Seas, Lon., 
 1665, 8vo. General Catalogue of Books printed in England, 
 1666-1680 ; Lon., 1680, '81, '82. 
 
 Clavering, Henry. A Select Law Library, 1817, 8vo. 
 Clavering, Robert, d. 1747; Bishop of Llandaff, 
 1724; trans, to Peterborough, 1728. Moses Maimonides, 
 Ox., 1705, 4to ; Serms., 1708, '29, '30, '33. 
 Clavering, Robert. Carpentry, &c., 1776, '79, 8vq, 
 Clavers, Mary. See KIRKLAND, CAROLINE M. 
 Claxton, John. Saxon Arch; Archasol.,1792. 
 Claxton, L. The Right Devil Discovered, Lon., 1659, 
 12mo. 
 
 Claxton, Timothy. Hints to Mechanics on Self- 
 Education and Mutual Instruction, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 " The amusing book before us has all the ease and simplicity of 
 De Foe, and the exemplary utility of Franklin. To the mechanic 
 it offers at once an example and a pleasant companion in the pur 
 suit of knowledge, and to the general reader it affords a deep in 
 sight into those labouring classes which are the sinews of the 
 nation." Lon. Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal, Itb. 1839. 
 Clay, C. C. Laws of Alabama, Tusca., 1843, 8vo. 
 Clay, Cassius M., b. 1810, in Madison county, Ken 
 tucky, editor of The True American Newspaper, devoted 
 to the overthrow of slavery in Kentucky, is well known as 
 one of the most zealous opponents of negro bondage. His 
 
CLA 
 
 CLE 
 
 writings and speeches have heen pub. in New York, 1848, 
 Svo, edited by Horace Greeley. 
 
 Clay, Edward, Jun. Hist, and Topograph. Descrip 
 tion of Framlingham, 18mo; pp. 144, with 2 plates of the 
 castle. 
 
 Clay, Francis. News from England, Lon., 1642, 4to. 
 
 Clay, Henry, one of the most distinguished of Ameri 
 can statesmen, and eloquent of modern orators, was b. April 
 12, 1777, in Hanover county, Virginia; d. at Washington, 
 D. C., June 29th, 1852. Clay Code, or Text Book of Elo 
 quence, edited by Vandenhoff. Life and Speeches, edited 
 by D. Mallory, 1844, 2 vols. 8vo. Life and Speeches, col 
 lected by James B. Swain, New York, 1843, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Speeches, collected by Richard Chambers, Cincinnati, 1842, 
 8vo. Biography, by George D. Prentice, Hartford, 1831, 
 12mo. Biography, by Epes Sargent, New York, 8vo. Life 
 and Speeches, by Henry J. Raymond, Phila., 1853, 8vo. 
 Life and Times, by Rev. Calvin Colton, N. Y., 1846, 2 vols. 
 r. 8vo. Last Seven Years of the Life of Henry Clay, by 
 Calvin Colton, N.Y., 1856, 8vo. Private Correspondence, 
 ed. by C. Colton, N.Y., 1855, 8vo. Speeches, ed. by C. 
 Colton, N.Y., 1857, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "Mr. Colton visited Henry Clay at his residence, Ashland, Ken 
 tucky, in 1844, and obtained free access to all his papers. After 
 the death of that distinguished statesman, those papers came into 
 Mr. Colton's possession, from which the above works were compiled." 
 
 Clay, J. Elegy, 1793, 4to. 
 
 Clay, John. Public Statutes, Lon., 1739, 2 vols. fol. 
 
 Clay, John. 25 Serins., Lon., 1827, 12mo. 
 
 Clay, John Curtis, Rector of Swedes' Church, Phila 
 delphia. Annals of the Swedes on the Delaware, Ac., 
 Phila., 1835, 12mo. 
 
 Clay, Joseph, 1764-1811, a native of Savannah, 
 Judge of the District Court of Georgia, and subsequently 
 a Baptist minister at Savannah, afterwards at Boston. 
 Serm., 1807. 
 
 Clay, R. Lomax. Pool for Essex, 1768, 8vo. 
 
 Clay, Samuel. Med. Treatise, Ultraj., 1690, 4to. 
 
 Clay, Thomas. 1. Revenue. 2. Interest, 1619, '24. 
 
 Clay, W. Keatinge. Hist. Sketches of the Book C. 
 Prayer, Lon., 1849, fcp. 8vo. Prayer Book Version of the 
 Psalms, 1839, 12mo. Book of C. Prayer, illustrated, 1841, 
 12mo. Liturgical Services temp. Elizabeth, Camb., 1847, 
 8vo. (Parker Society.) Private Prayers temp. Elizabeth, 
 Camb., 1851, 8vo. (Parker Society.) See a Review in the 
 Lon. Wesleyan Method. Mag., Feb. 1854. 
 
 Clayton, A. S. Laws of Georgia, 1800, '10, Augusta, 
 1812, 4to. 
 
 Clayton, George. Serms., 1821, &c. 
 
 Clayton, Gyles. Martial Discipline, 1591, 4to. 
 
 Clayton, John. Topics in the Laws of England, Lon., 
 1646, 12mo. Reports and Pleas of Assizes at Yorke, 1651, 
 12mo. If this book will do all that Mr. Clayton promises 
 for it, we should suppose that our friends the lawyers 
 would insist on its immediate republication : 
 
 " You may see here how to avoid a dangerous jury to your client, 
 what evidence best to use for him. how to keep the judge so he 
 
 overrule you not, so that if it be not your own fault as too often 
 
 fear of favour the client may 1 
 if he be plaintiff, he may have his right, and if defendant^ 
 
 it is for fear of favour the client may have his cause so handled, 
 
 moderately punished, or recompensed for his vexation; and such 
 Pleaders the people need." Preface. 
 
 Clayton, John. Serms., 1736, 8vo. 
 
 Clayton, John, d. 1773, aged 87, an eminent bota 
 nist and physician, a native of Fulham, emigrated to Vir- 
 
 finia when 20 years of age. Flora Virginica, Lugd. Bat., 
 762, 4to. Con. to Phil. Trans, respecting Virginia; In 
 dians, Natural History, Ac., 1693, 1739. See Barton's Med. 
 and Phys. Journal. 
 
 Clayton, John, d. 1843. Serms., Ac., 1789-1805. 
 
 Clayton, John. 1. Serm. 2. On the Choice of Books, 
 1809, '11. 
 
 Clayton, John. Serms., &c., 1829-48. 
 
 Clayton, N. Serms., 1776, 8vo. 
 
 Clayton, Prudence. Her case, fol. 
 
 Clayton, Sir Richard. Hist, and other trans, from 
 the French, 1793, '97. 
 
 Clayton, Robert, 1695-1758, a native of Dublin, was 
 educated at, and became Fellow of, Trinity College, Dub- 
 
 Sfl^EP,?' 5l llala ' 1729 5 trans - t Cork, 1735; to 
 Clogher, 1745. Chronology of the Hebrew Bible Vindi 
 cated, Lon., 1747, 4to. 
 
 Dissertation on Prophecy, 1749, 8vo. Letter relative to 
 the Restoration of the Jews, <jbc., 1751, 8vo ; a second Let 
 tor, 1751, 8vo. 
 394 
 
 "Whether the bishop's views on these topics shall be received 
 or rejected, his learning and ingenuity must be admired." ORME. 
 
 Vindication of the Histories of the Old and New Testa 
 ments, in Answer to Lord Bolingbroke's Objections, Dubl., 
 part i., 1752, 8vo; ii., 1754, 8vo ; iii., 1757, 8vo. The 
 sophistry and ignorance of Bolingbroke are here strongly 
 displayed. An Essay on Spirit, 1751, 8vo. This Arian 
 treatise was not written by the bishop, but was adopted 
 and pub. by him. It elicited replies from 20 to 30 writers, 
 and the Irish Convocation had determined to proceed 
 against the bishop, when he was seized with a nervous 
 fever, which terminated his life, February 26, 1758. But 
 for the publication of this Essay, he would have been 
 raised to the Archbishopric of Tuam. He pub. several 
 sermons and treatises, and trans, from a MS. A Journal 
 from Grand Cairo to Mount Sinai, and back again, &c., 
 1753, 4to. 
 
 " Published with a view of exciting antiquaries to make some 
 inquiry into those ancient characters which are discovered in 
 great numbers in the wilderness of Sinai." 
 
 Clayton, Sir Robert. Truth Vindicated, 1681, 4to. 
 
 Clayton, Thomas. Sermons, 1713, '27. 
 
 Clayton, Wm. Rural Discourses, 1814, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 "Plain and practical, and admirably suited for country con 
 gregations." 
 
 Cleadon, Thomas. The Sabbath, Lon., 1674, 4to. 
 
 Clearidge, John. Shepherd's Legacy, 1670, Svo. 
 
 Cleaveland, Ezra. Genealogical History of the 
 noble and illustrious Family of Courtenay, Oxon., 1735, fol. 
 
 Cleaveland, Cleavland, Cleveland, or Clieve- 
 land, John, 1613-1659, a native of Loughborough, Lei 
 cestershire, was educated at Christ's College, and St. John's 
 College, Cambridge. He had the honour of being the first 
 poetical champion of the royal cause, and suffered impri 
 sonment when the opposition prevailed. He was for some 
 time a tutor at St. John's College, and subsequently lived 
 in chambers at Gray's Inn, where he died in 1659. 
 
 The King's Disguise, 1646, 4to. A London Diurnal- 
 maker, <fec., 1647, '54, 4to. The Rustic Rampant, 1658, 
 Svo. Poems, Orations, and Epistles, 1660, 12mo. Peti 
 tion to the Lord Protector for the Scots Rebel ; a satirical 
 Poem. Works, 1687, Svo. See notice of edits, in Lowndes's 
 Bibl. Manual, Bibl. Anglo-Poet., and Retrosp. Review, xii. 
 123. Clieveland's poetry was greatly admired by his con 
 temporaries : the nephew of Milton remarks, perhaps with 
 some little asperity, 
 
 "In fine, so great a man Clieveland has been in the estima 
 tion of the generality, in regard his conceits were out of the com 
 mon road, and wittily far-fetched, that grave men, in outward ap 
 pearance, have not spared, in my hearing, to affirm him THE BEST 
 OF ENGLISH POETS; and let them think so still, whoever pleases, 
 provided it be made no article of iaith." EDWARD PHILLIPS. 
 
 It is easy to see who did not think so : whether Phillips 
 had any family pride to prejudice him, we shall not decide. 
 
 " While the first edition and sheets of Paradise Lost were slowly 
 struggling through the mists of bigotry and party prejudice into 
 public reputation, the poems of Clieveland were poured forth in 
 innumerable impressions. The reverse is now the singular con 
 trast; andClieveland has had the fete of those poets, described in 
 Johnson's Life of Cowley, who, ' paying their court to temporary 
 prejudices, have been at one time too much praised, and at another 
 too much neglected.' "-Retrosp. Review, xii. 123 ; read this article. 
 
 " A general artist, pure Latinist, exquisite orator, and (which 
 was his master-piece) eminent poet. His epithets were pregnant 
 with metaphors, carrying in them a difficult plainness ; difficult 
 at hearing, plain at the consideration thereof. His lofty fancy may 
 seem to stride from the top of one mountain to the top of another, 
 so making to itself a constant level and champaign of continued 
 elevations." -FULLER : Worthies of Leicestershire. 
 
 Cleaveland, or Cleveland, John, 1772-1815, a 
 minister of Ipswich, Massachusetts. Serms., <fcc., 1763-84. 
 
 Cleaveland, Parker, b. 1780, at Byfield, Essex co., 
 Mass.; Prof, in Bowdoin College. Mineralogy and Geo 
 logy, Boston, 1816, Svo; 1822, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " The Elementary Treatise of Mr. Cleaveland is a work of con 
 siderable merit." Edin. Review, xxx. 374. 
 
 Cleaver, John. Sermon, 1676, 4to. 
 
 Cleaver, Robert, d. 1613, a Puritan divine. Serms., 
 1613, '14. The Sabbath, 1630. In conjunction with John 
 Dod, Exposition of the Ten Commandments, 1606, 4to. 
 In conjunction with John Dod and William Flinde, Ex 
 position of the Book of Proverbs, 1606, 4to. 
 
 Cleaver, William. Sermons, 1739-62, Svo. 
 
 Cleaver, William, D.D., 1742-1815, educated at the 
 University of Oxford; Prebendary of Westminster, 1784; 
 Principal of Brasenose, 1785; Bishop of Chester, 1787; 
 trans, to Bangor, 1800 ; to St. Asaph, 1806. De Rhythmo 
 Greecorum Liber, Lon., 1789, Svo. 
 
 "An excellent little work." 
 
 Serms., 1773, '91, '94. Collec. of his own and his father's 
 serms., 1808, Svo. Serms. on select Subjects, Svo. A List 
 of Books recommended to the Clergy and younger Stu- 
 
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 dents in Divinity, Oxf., 1791, 8vo ; 3d ed. enlarged, with 
 Dodwell's Catalogue of the Christian Writers and genuine 
 Works of the first three Centuries, 1808, 8vo. 
 
 A very useful catalogue for all students. 
 
 Cleaver, Wm. Serms., Dubl., 1843; Lon., 1847, 8vo. 
 
 Cleaver, William. See CLEVER. 
 
 Cleeve,Alex. Serm.,1773. Devotional Exercises, 1801. 
 
 Cleeve, J. K. Sermon, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Clegat, Nic. Persuasive to an ingenious Tryal of 
 Opinions in Religion, Lon., 1685, 4to. 
 
 Clegate. Travails from Terra Incognita through the 
 Wilderness of Sinne, Lon., 1650, 12mo. 
 
 Clegg, James. Sermons, 1731, '36, '38. 
 
 Clegg, James. Dyeing Black, Phil. Trans., 1774. 
 
 Clegg, John. Elements of Geography,Liverp.,1795,4to. 
 
 Cleghorn, David. Con. to Med. Tracts, 1792. 
 
 Cleghorn, George, M.D., 1716-1787, a native of 
 Edinburgh, resided 13 years at Minorca with the 22d re 
 giment, of which he was surgeon. Diseases of Minorca, 
 Lon., 1751, 8vo. 
 
 "A just model for future writers." DR. FOTHERGILL. 
 
 Index of an Annual Course of Lectures, Dubl., 1767, 
 8vo. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1766. 
 
 Cleghorn, George. Ancient and Modern Art, His 
 torical and Critical, Edin. & Lon., 2 vols. 12mo ; 2d ed.,1848. 
 
 " We have the pleasure of recommending it to a place in every 
 public library, and on the table of every man who values art, re 
 finement, elegance, and taste." Lon. Morning Post. 
 
 Cleghorn, J ames. Med. Con. to Trans. Irish Acad., 
 1787. 
 
 Cleghorn, James. The depressed State of Agricul 
 ture, Edin., 1822, 8vo. A System of Agriculture, with 13 
 plates, Edin., 4to. From 7th ed. Encycl. Brit. 
 
 ' The best account of the Agriculture of the Scotch Counties is 
 to be found in Black's Edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica." 
 London's Agriculture, p. 1178. 
 
 " The initiation shows much discernment ; and the subsequent 
 arrangement of the materials is judiciously made, and each article 
 has given to it a proper description both in the nature and extent." 
 Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 " The animals are sketched with an ease, spirit, and precision, 
 approximating to the fidelity of nature." Durham Chronicle. 
 
 Cleghorn, Thos. The Hydra Aeronaut, 1810, 12mo. 
 
 Cleig, George. Fast Sermon, 1795, 8vo. 
 
 Cleiveland, John. See CLEAVELAND. 
 
 Cleland, Archibald, Surgeon. Appeal to the Pub 
 lic, Lon., 1743, 8vo. Profess, con. to Phil. Trans., 1741. 
 
 Cleland, Benjamin. Sermon, 1667, 8vo. 
 
 Cleland, Charles. Laws rel. to Imp. and Exp. of 
 Wine, Lon., 1737, 4to. 
 
 Cleland, Elizabeth. Cookery, Edin., 1759, 8vo. 
 
 Cleland, Henry. Life of William Pitt, 1807, 12mo. 
 
 Cleland, James. The Institution of a Young No- 
 bleman, Oxf., 1607, 4to. Serm., 1624, '26, 4to. 
 
 Cleland, James. Annals of Glasgow, 1816, 2 vols. 
 8vo. The Green of Glasgow, 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Cleland, John, d. 1789, in his 80th year, the son of 
 Colonel Cleland, i. e. WILL HONEYCOMB, of the Specta 
 tor's Club. Besides several works which did him no credit, 
 he pub. The Way to Things by Words, and to Words by 
 Things, 1766, Svo. Specimens of an Etymological Voca 
 bulary, or Essay by Means of the Analytical Method to 
 retrieve the ancient Celtic, 1768; Proposals relative to 
 the above ; Dramatic pieces, Ac. 
 
 Cleland, Thomas. Sermon, 1660, 4to. 
 
 Cleland, Lt. Col. Wm., a Scotch poet in Lord 
 Angus's regiment. Disp. Jurid. de Probationibus, Traj. ad 
 Rh., 1684, 4to. A Collection of several Poems and Verses 
 composed upon various Occasions, 1697, Svo. 
 
 Clemence. The French Language, Lon., 1797, Svo. 
 
 Clemence, M. The true Lover of his Country or 
 a Treatise on Sovereignty, 1801, 12mo. 
 
 Clemens, Hon. Jeremiah, at one time U.S. 
 Senator from Alabama. Bernard Lile ; an Historical Ro 
 mance, Phila., 1856, 12mo. Mustang Grey ; a Romance 
 1858, 12mo. 
 
 Clement of Lathony, nourished about 1180, Sub- 
 pnor and Prior of Lathony. Series Collecta, or a Harmony 
 of the Gospels, and a patristic Commentary thereon, entitled 
 Collectarium. Of this work an English version was made 
 it is supposed, by a follower of Wycliffe, and several MSS 
 of it may be seen in the British Museum. The conclusion 
 of the original has been attributed to William of Notting- 
 ham - Clement also wrote a Commentary on the Acts and 
 
 Clement. A Dyalogue, Ac., 1530? 
 
 OLE 
 
 Clement. Discourse of Money, Trade, and Exchange, 
 1595, 4to. 
 
 Clement, A. Mystery Unmasked, 1769, Svo; ad 
 dressed to "people of any Religion, and those of none." 
 
 Clement, Benjamin. Serms., 1774, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Clement, Margaret, 1508-1570, a niece of Sir Tho 
 mas More, corresponded with Erasmus, who applauds her 
 epistles for good sense and good Latin not a necessary 
 conjunction. When she married her tutor, Dr. John Cle 
 ment, the great Leland indulged in an Epithalamium : Jo. 
 dementis Medici A Margaret*. Vide Encom. Troph. 
 Epithalamiis, Ac., p. 38 ; or Ballard's British Ladies. 
 
 Clement, Thomas. Nat. Philosophy,Lon.,1790,8vo. 
 
 Clement, William, d. 1799, aged 88. Curate of 
 St. Mary-at-hill, London, and Librarian of Sion College. 
 Eight Serms. at Lady Moyer's Lecture,1757,Lon.,1797,8vo. 
 
 "The subject of these discourses is the Trinity, and the author 
 has conducted the argument with much judgment." LOWNDES. 
 
 Clenche, John. Tour in France and Italy, 1776, 4to. 
 
 Clendou, John. Treatise on the Trinity, 1710, Svo. 
 
 Clendon, Thos. Justification, Serm., Lon., 1653, 4to. 
 
 Clennil, John. Manufactures, Newc., 1807, Svo. 
 
 Cleobury, Miss. Practical Geography, 1816, 4to. 
 
 Cleombrotus. England's Warning Piece, 1661, 4to. 
 
 Clephane, M.D. Con. to Med. Obs. A Inq., 1755. 
 
 Clephane, A. Decisions C. of Sessions, 1812/13, 1815. 
 
 Clerk. Modern Precedents, 1655, 12mo. 
 
 Clerk, Charles. On Swedish Spiders; included (with 
 E. Albin's work on English Spiders) in Thomas Martyn'a 
 Aranei, Lon., 1793, r. 4to. 
 
 Clerk, David, M.D. Con. to Ess. Phys. A Lit,, 1771. 
 
 Clerk, Sir George Maxwell, 1715-1784. Two Let 
 ters respecting Wool, Ac., 1756. Con. to Ess. Phys. A Lit., 
 1756, '71. Shallow ploughing, Ac. 
 
 Clerk, John. Serm., Camb., 1656, Svo. 
 
 Clerk, John, d. 1812. Essay on Naval Tactics, Lon., 
 1790-98, 4to; new ed., Edin., 1804, 4to. 
 
 " To the system of manoeuvres laid down and explained in this 
 work, the British nation are indebted for those splendid and deci 
 sive victories which their fleets have gained since the latter end 
 of the American war. Lord Rodney first adopted and followed 
 the mode of attack recommended by Mr. Clerk; and the success 
 which attended this new mode has since recommended it to our 
 most celebrated admirals." Edin. Review. 
 
 But General Sir Howard Douglass professes to prove that 
 Lord Rodney could not possibly have been informed of 
 Mr. Clerk's theory at the time of the battle, (against the 
 French under De Grasse in the West Indies;) and it has 
 been asserted that Clerk's Essay is principally taken from 
 P. Paul Hoste's L'Art des Armes Navales. William Clerk 
 is thus honourably mentioned by Sir Walter Scott : 
 
 " William Clerk is the second son of the celebrated author of 
 Naval Tactics. I have known him intimately since our college 
 days ; and to my thinking, never met a man of greater powers or 
 more complete information on all desirable subjects." Scott's Jour 
 nal, Nov. 20, 1825. 
 
 Clerk, John. Views in Scotland, Ac., Edin.,1825,4to. 
 
 Clerk, Sir John. Con. to Phil. Trans. The Stylus 
 and Paper of the Ancients, 1731. Effects of Thunder on 
 Trees; of a large Deer's Horns found in the heart of an 
 Oak, 1739. 
 
 Clerk, Sir John, and Mr. Baron Scroope. Hist. 
 View of the Court of Exchequer in Scotland,Edin.,1820,4to. 
 
 Clerk, T. or W. Works of Hogarth, Lon., 1810, 2 
 vols. r. Svo. 
 
 Clerk, William, Surgeon. Profession, to Phil. Trans., 
 1699. 
 
 Clerke, Bartholomew. Fidelia Servi Subito Infi- 
 deli Responsio, Lon., 1573, 4to. De Curiali sive Aulico 
 libri quatuor, 1577, Svo ; from Castiglione. 
 
 Clerke, Charles C., Archdeacon of Oxford. Form 
 of Prayer and Ceremonies, Lon., Svo. A Charge at the 
 Visitation June and July, 1844, Oxf., 1844, Svo. 
 
 Clerke, Francis. Praxis ; being the manner of pro 
 ceeding in the Ecclesiastical Courts, 2d ed. by T. Blanden, 
 1606, 4to. Praxis Supremae Curise Admiralitatis Una cum 
 Indice et notis, 1667, Svo; new ed., 1829, 12mo. 
 
 " A work of undoubted credit." LORD HARDWICKE 
 
 See Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 Clerke, George. The Landed Man's Assistant, Lon., 
 1715, Svo. 
 
 C J^ rke > Gilbert. Theolog. Latin Treatises, 1660, '62, 
 
 Clerke, John, Bishop of Bath and Wells, d. 1540, 
 presented the treatise of Henry VIII. against Luther to 
 Pope Leo X. Oratio ad Leonem X. in exhibitione Libelli 
 Regii Henrici VIII. contra Lutherem; cum Papa? respon- 
 sione etaliis nine quibusdam spectantibus, Lon., by Pynson, 
 1521, 4to. 
 
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 CLI 
 
 Clerke, John. Opusculum de Mortuorum Resurrec- 
 tione et Extreme Judicio, in quatuor Linguis conscriptum, 
 Lon., 1545, 4to. In double columns; Latin and Italian in 
 the Roman character, the English and French in black 
 letter. 
 
 " Curious on account of some of the speculations it contains ; 
 but above all as it affords a comparative view of the orthography 
 and idiom of the English, French, and Italian languages at that 
 period." 
 
 A Declaration respecting the Articles, 1546, 8vo. 
 Clerke, Richard, d. 1634, one of the translators of 
 the English Bible. Serms. pub. by C. White, Lon.,1637,fol. 
 " Worthy to be remembered of us, though dead ; for he loved us 
 and our church. "VVitnesse this pledge of his love to both, his 
 Workes." Preface. 
 
 Clerke, Samuel. Serms., 1693, 1700, 4to. 
 Clerke, Thos. W. Rudiments of Amer. Law and 
 Practice, on the plan of Blackstone, N. York, 1842, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Clerke's Rudiments of American Law and Practice appears 
 to me to be drawn up with great care, and to condense in a brief 
 form a great deal of learning, highly useful to students at law, 
 and well adapted to the highest classes in our colleges; and espe 
 cially for students in the State of New York." JOSEPH STORY. 
 
 Digest of the Reports of Cases determined in the Su 
 preme and other Courts of the State of N. Y. ; revised and 
 continued to present time by Win. Hogan, N. York, 1850, 
 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Clerke, Tim. Papers relative to Physick, 1670, 4to. 
 Clerke, William. The Trial of Bastardie, 1594, 4to. 
 Clerke, William. Marciano, or the Discovery: a 
 Tragi-comedy, Edin., 1663, 4to. 
 
 <' This piece is said to have been acted with great applause before 
 his Majesty's high Commissioner, and others of the nobility, at the 
 abbey of Holyrood house." LOWNDES. 
 
 Clerke, Sir William, Rector of Bury. Thoughts on 
 the manner of preserving the health of the Poor, Lon., 
 1790, 8vo. 
 
 Clery, Michael, sen O'Clerich, a native of Ireland. 
 Lexicon Hibernicum praesert. pro Vocabulis Antiquioribus 
 et Obscuris, Lovanii, 1643, 8vo. 
 
 Cleveland, Aaron, (son of Rev. Aaron C. and 
 Susannah Porter, d. of Rev. Dr. Porter of Maiden, Mass.,) 
 b. in Haddam, Conn., 1744, d. at New Haven, 1815. The 
 Philosopher and Boy; a Poem, written before he was 
 twenty-one; Family Blood, a burlesque poem; Slavery 
 Considered, an anti-slavery Poem, in blank verse, of about 
 800 lines, published in 1775; and two Peace-Sermons, 
 1815, entitled The Life of Man Inviolable, which were re- 
 published in England. For a Memoir of him, and extracts 
 from his poems, see Poets of Connecticut. We understand 
 that his grandson, Prof. C. D. Cleveland, of Philadelphia, 
 is about to publish his works yvith a life. 
 
 Cleveland, Charles Dexter, son of Rev. Charles 
 Cleveland of Boston, was born at Salem, Mass., December 
 3, 1802. After spending five years in mercantile pursuits, 
 in 1823 he entered Dartmouth College, and graduated in 
 1827. In 1830 he was elected Professor of the Latin and 
 Greek languages in Dickinson College, Carlisle, Penn. ; 
 and in 1832 Professor of the Latin Language and Litera 
 ture in the University of the City of New York. In 1834 
 he established a Young Ladies' School in Philadelphia, of 
 which he still (1858) continues the Principal. 
 
 The following is a list of the works pub. by Prof. C. In 
 
 1826, while a Junior in College, The Moral Characters of 
 Theophrastus, with a Translation and Critical Notes : in 
 
 1827, while a Senior, An Epitome of Grecian Antiquities : 
 in 1828, First Lessons in Latin upon a New Plan, and in 
 the same year, The National Orator : in 1830, Xenophon's 
 Anabasis, with English Notes : in 1831, a Compendium of 
 Grecian Antiquities, being the Epitome rewritten and 
 greatly enlarged, with Maps and Illustrations : in 1832, 
 First Lessons in Greek : in 1834, a Sequel to First Lessons 
 in Latin : in 1836, an edition of Adams's Latin Grammar, 
 with numerous Additions and Improvements : in 1844, an 
 Address of the Liberty Party of Pennsylvania to the People 
 of the State : in 1845, First Latin Book, and in the same 
 year, Second Latin Book : in 1846, Third Latin Book : in 
 1848, A Compendium of English Literature, from Sir John 
 Mandeville to William Cowper: in 1850, Hymns for 
 Schools; with appropriate Selections from the Scriptures: 
 in 1851, English Literature of the Nineteenth Century in 
 1853, an edition of Milton's Poetical Works, with Life 
 Dissertations on each Poem, Notes, an Index to Subjects 
 of Paradise Lost, and a Verbal Index to all the Poems in 
 1858, A Compendium of American Literature, on the plan 
 of the Compendium of English Literature. 
 
 "The books of Professor Cleveland's Latin Series are well calcu 
 lated for leading the learner forward, step by step, in acquiring a 
 knowledge of that language which enters eo largely into all our 
 scientific works." Hunt's Merchant's Magazine. 
 
 Professor Cleveland's edition of Milton we consider the 
 most correct, compact, and convenient edition published 
 in this country. It is "critical enough for the scholar, 
 full enough for the general reader, beautiful enough for 
 the table of the opulent, but, above all, cheap enough for the 
 school-room and for the dwellings of those whose limited 
 means prevent them from buying expensive books." 
 
 "An edition which must have cost immense labour, from the 
 
 care and accuracy with which every word has been weighed." 
 
 National Magazine. 
 
 " A pre-eminently appreciable pleasure it is to find a new and 
 carefully-prepared edition of a favourite writer." Knickerbocker. 
 
 " The Index of Subjects is full and judicious; the Verbal Index 
 remarkably accurate; and the Notes signally pertinent." Biblio- 
 theca Sacra. 
 
 "The Text I have found in all cases the best; the Notes most 
 judiciously selected or supplied; while the Index is complete and 
 faultless as far as human labour can be." Jos. G. Cogswell, Li 
 brarian of the Astor Library. 
 
 Professor Cleveland's Compendium of English Litera 
 ture and his English Literature of the 19th Century are 
 most valuable manuals, and should be in every college, 
 school, family, and library, and on every parlour-table 
 where literature is not entirely repudiated. 
 
 Notices of the Compendium of English Literature. 
 
 " Having, some years since, meditated a similar undertaking, I 
 can appreciate, in a measure, the difficulties with which you were 
 called to contend, and the skill with which you have surmounted 
 them." RT. BEV. A. POTTER, D.D.. LL.D. 
 
 " To form such a Compendium, good taste, fine scholarship, fami 
 liar acquaintance with English literature, unwearied industry, tact 
 acquired by practice, an interest in the culture of the young, a re 
 gard for truth, purity, philanthropy, religion, as the highest attain 
 ment and the highest beauty, all these were needed; and they are 
 united in Mr. Cleveland." Boston Christian Register. 
 
 " Of the filial attachment of Americans to the literature of Old 
 England the work before us is a most creditable specimen. It is 
 decidedly the best book of the kind we know. Though it is not 
 bulky, it comprises an immense amount of valuable matter." 
 London Atheneeum, March, 1851. 
 
 Cleveland, Ezra. See CLEAVELAND. 
 
 Cleveland, Henry R., 1808-1848, son of Richard 
 J. Cleveland, (q. v.) Remarks on the Classical Education 
 of Boys, by a Teacher, 1834. Life of Henry Hudson, in 
 Sparks's Amer. Biog., vol. x., 1838. Address delivered before 
 the Harvard Musical Association, 1840, 8vo. A Letter to 
 Hon. Daniel Webster on the Causes of the Destruction of 
 the Steamer Lexington, by a Traveller, 1840. Mr. C. 
 contrib. several papers to N. Amer. Rev., New England 
 Magazine, and other journals. A selection of his writings, 
 with a Memoir by Geo. S. Hillard, was printed for private 
 distribution after his death, Boston, 1844, 12mo. 
 
 " He was an accomplished scholar, particularly in the ancient 
 classics." JARED SPARKS, LL.D. 
 
 Cleveland, John. See CLEAVELAND. 
 
 Cleveland, Parker. See CLEAVELAND. 
 
 Cleveland, Richard J., father of Henry R. Cleve 
 land. A Narrative of Voyages and Commercial Enter 
 prises, Camb., 1842, 2 vols. 12mo. Several edits, also re- 
 pub, in Eng. 
 
 " The result of long experience in practical navigation in various 
 parts of the world, replete \vith interesting incidents and judi 
 cious remarks, and written in a clear and forcible style." JARED 
 SPARKS, LL.D. 
 
 Clever, or Cleaver, William. A Knowledge for 
 Kings, &c. ; trans, into English, Lon., 1574, 8vo; a theo 
 logical treatise. 
 
 Clever, William. Flower of Physicke, Lon., 1590, 4to. 
 
 Clifford. Introduc. to Geography, 1682, 8vo. 
 
 Clifford, Abr. Methodus Evangelica, 1676, 8vo. 
 
 Clifford, Anne, Countess of Dorset and Pembroke, 
 1589-1676, daughter of the famous Earl of Cumberland, 
 and author of the most celebrated letter by a female in the 
 English language, is commended by Mr. Pennant as the 
 most eminent person of her age for intellectual accomplish 
 ments, for spirit, magnificence, and deeds of benevolence. 
 She erected a monument to Daniel the historian, another 
 to Spenser, founded two hospitals, and repaired or built 
 seven churches and six castles. 
 
 She knew well how to discourse of all things, from predestina 
 tion to slea-silk." DR. DONNE. 
 
 Bishop Rainbow commends the countess as of 
 
 "Great understanding and judgment, faithful memory, and 
 ready wit." 
 
 Horace Walpole ascribes to her pen Memoirs of her Hus 
 band, Richard, Earl of Dorset, never printed. Sundry Me 
 morials of Herself and her Progenitors. The famous letter 
 referred to above was in answer to Sir Joseph Williamson, 
 Secretary of State to Charles the Second, who took the 
 liberty of nominating to her a member for the borough of 
 Appleby. The countess settled the matter on this wise : 
 
 " I have been bullied by an usurper, I have been neglected by 
 a court ; but I will not be dictated to by a subject : your man 
 
CLI 
 
 Bhan't stand !" In The World, No.U; see Park's Walpole's R. & N. 
 
 Clifford, Arthur. Tixall Poetry, pub. by Sir Walter 
 Scott, Edin., 1813, 4to. 
 
 Over this Aston speculation the Edinburgh Review of the 
 Sadler has thrown a heavy cloud; the fact is, it seems to me to 
 have ruined it." James Balla.ntyne to Sir W. Scott. 
 
 See an account of this vol. in Drake's Evenings in Au 
 tumn. History of Tixall, Paris, 1817. Carmen Seculare, 
 1814, 8vo. Collectanea Cliffordiana, Paris, 1817, 8vo. 
 State Papers and Letters of Sir Kalph Sadler; with a Me 
 moir and Notes, by Sir W. Scott, Edin., 1809, '10, 2 vols. 
 4to, or 3 vols. r. 4to. 
 
 " Written with all that lively solicitude about points of antiqua 
 rian detail which accompanied him through so many tasks less 
 attractive than the personal career of a distinguished statesman 
 intimately connected with the fortunes of Mary, Queen of Scots." 
 J. G. LOCKHART. 
 
 Clifford, Charles. Remarks on Lord Thurlow's 
 Speech, 1788. The Angler; a Didactic Poem, 1804. 
 
 Clifford, Chr. Schole of Horsemanship, Lon., 4to. 
 
 Clifford, George, third Earl of Cumberland, 1558- 
 1605, the champion of Queen Elizabeth in the tournaments 
 of the day, also distinguished himself as a navigator. See 
 Biog. Brit. The Discov. and Con. of Peru, Lon., 1581, 4to. 
 
 Clifford, Francis. Ruins of Tivoli, 1804, 4to. 
 
 Clifford, Henry, Earl of Cumberland. Decl. as Lt. 
 Col. of his Majesty's Forces in Yorkshire, Lon., 1642, 4to. 
 
 Clifford, Henry. Political treatises, 1790-1807. 
 
 Clifford, J. B. The Church's Triumph; a Sermon. 
 
 " Let the Church calmly prepare for that tremendous final con 
 test between good and evil to which all things seem hastening with 
 rapidity." Bishop of Oxford's Charge, p. 35, May, 1842. 
 
 Clifford, James. Serins., 1694, 12mo. 
 
 Clifford, James. Services andAnthems,1663 or'64,8vo. 
 
 " To this book, Ant. a Wood and others frequently refer in speak 
 ing of our choral music. It contains the words of the services and 
 anthems of near seventy of our church composers, whose works 
 were in use in the cathedrals soon after the restoration." LOWNDES. 
 
 Clifford, Jeronimy. Case, &c., Lon., 1768. 
 
 Clifford, M. M. 1. Egypt. 2. Poems, 1802, '08. 
 
 Clifford, Martin, d. 1677. Observations on Human 
 Reason, Lon., 1675, 8vo. Treatise of Human Reason, 
 Lon., 1676, 12mo. An Apology for this treatise, by Alber- 
 tus Warren, 1680, 12mo. The Treatise will be found in 
 the Phoenix, vol. ii., No. 2, 23, and in the Harleian Miscel 
 lany, vol. ix. Notes upon Mr. Dryden's Poems, 1687, 4to. 
 See Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Clifford, Roto. History of Jacobinism, from the French 
 of Barruel, 1789, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " The best account of the exertions of the French Philosophers 
 to produce a new order of things in Church and State, will be 
 found in these Memoirs." CHARLES BUTLER. 
 
 To this work should be added the paper entitled Revo 
 lution de Paris, pub. from 1789-94, giving original accounts 
 of events as they transpired from day to day. A complete 
 set of this paper, bound in 14 vols. 8vo, was lately offered 
 for sale: it rarely occurs. Add to these Prudhomme's 
 Crimes of the French Revolution, 1796, 6 vols. 8vo. Clif 
 ford also pub. The French in Russia, 1813, fol. sheet. 
 
 Clifford, Samuel. Melancholy; from Baxter, Lon., 
 1716, 8vo. Dissuasive from Perjury, 1723, 8vo. 
 
 Clifford, W. Farmer's Sure Guide, 1796, 12mo. 
 
 Clifford, William. Serm., Lon., 1682, 4to. 
 
 Cliffton, William, 1772-1799, of Philadelphia, wrote 
 a Poetical Epistle to William Gifford, Esq., which has been 
 much admired. He commenced a poem entitled The Chi- 
 meriad, which was not completed. A vol. of his poems 
 was pub. in New York, 1800, 12mo. 
 
 Clift, Henry. Book of Declarations, Pleadings. Ju 
 dicial Writs, Ac., 1703, fol. 
 
 Clift,William. Physiolog. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1815 
 
 Clifton, Francis, M.D. Hippocrates, a trans, of, 
 Lon., 1727, fol. 
 
 A faithful translation." 
 
 Other medical works. 
 
 Clifton, Jo. Serm., 1703, 4to. 
 
 Clinch, J. B. An Inquiry, legal and political, 1808,8vo. 
 
 Clinch, William, M.D. Prof, treatises, Ac., 1724-50. 
 
 Cline, Henry, Surgeon. Essay on the Form and 
 Breeding of Domestic Animals, Lon., 1815, 8vo, pp. 14. 
 
 " The contents describe very correctly the forms and bulks of the 
 different parts of the animal organization, deduced from experience 
 and anatomical principles. The author's ideas have ever been held 
 to be very correct; and if he had enlarged upon the subject, his 
 time would have been well spent, and the labour of reading would 
 be profitably employed." Donalds6n'sAgricult.Biog.,Lon.,I8te.8vo 
 Clinton, C. J. F. 21 Serms., Lon., 1842, p. 8vo 
 Vm * * gn * t feV Urite With -"- 
 
 Clinton, De Witt, 1769-1828, a distinguished Ame 
 rican statesman, pub. Discourses before N. York Hist. Soc., 
 
 CLO 
 
 1811 ; Lit. and Phil. Soc., N. Y., 1815 ; Amer. Acad. of 
 Arts, 1816; Phi Beta Kappa Soc., 1823; Amer. Bible Soc., 
 1823, '25 ; to The Freemasons, 1825. Hibernicus' Letters 
 on the Natural History and Internal Resources of the State 
 of New York, 1822, 8vo. Life and Writings of, by W. W. 
 Campbell, N. York, 1849, 8vo. Life and Times of, Buffalo. 
 Life of, by Prof. Renwick, N. York, 18mo. Memoirs of, 
 by David Hosack, N. York, 4to. 
 
 Clinton, Sir Henry, d. 1795, an English officer who 
 served in the American War. Narrative of his conduct in 
 America, Lon., 1783, Svo. Observations on Earl Corn- 
 wallis's Answer to the Narrative, 1783, Svo. Letter to the 
 Commissioners, 1784, Svo. Observations on Stedman's Hist. 
 American War, 1794, 4to. 
 
 Clinton, Henry Fynes, 1781-1852, b. at Garnston, 
 Nottinghamshire, a distinguished classical scholar. 1. 
 Fasti Hellenic! : The Civil and Literary Chronology of 
 Greece, Oxford, three parts in 3 vols. 4to, 1834-51. 
 
 " Indispensable to the right understanding of Ancient History. 
 It is such a work as the poet Gray felt the necessity of, and which 
 he once had the intention of executing." 
 
 2. Fasti Romani: The Civil and Literary Chronology 
 of Rome and Constantinople, Oxf., 1845, '50, 2 vols. 4to. 
 3. Epitome of the Civil and Literary Chronology of Greece, 
 Oxford, 1851, 8vo. 4. Epitome of the Civil and Literary 
 Chronology of Rome, Oxford, 1853, Svo. Nos. 3 and 4 are 
 abridgments of 1 and 2. See Lit. Rom. of H. F. C., by 
 C. J. F. Clinton, 1854. 
 
 Clinton, W. Henry, Maj. Genl. Remarks relative 
 to the Operation of the British Army in Spain, 1809, Svo. 
 
 Clipperton, John. Voyage to the South Seas and 
 East Indies in 1719. See Calender's Voyages, iii. 444, 1766. 
 
 Clipsham, Rotoert. The Grand Expedient for sup 
 pressing Popery Examined; or the Project of Exclusion 
 proved to be contrary to reason and religion, Lon., 1685, Svo. 
 
 Clissold, Augustus. Illustrations of the End of the 
 Church, Lon., 1841, Svo. Two works on the writings of 
 Swedenborg, 1842, 1 vol. ; 1851, 4 vols. Svo. Apocalyptical 
 Interpretation, 1845, 2 vols. 8vo. Expos, of the Apocalypse, 
 1851, 4 vols. Svo. 
 
 Clissold, Henry. Last Days of Eminent Christians, 
 Lon., 8vo, 1848. Family Worship, 8vo. Prophecies of 
 Christ and Christian Times, Svo. Last Hours of Scripture 
 Women, 1851, 12mo. 
 
 Clive, Catherine, 1711-1785, an eminent English 
 actress. Case of Mrs. Clive submitted to the Public, Lon., 
 1744, Svo. She introduced a few "petite pieces on the 
 stage." See Biog. Dramat. ; Davies's Life of Garrick, vol. ii. 
 
 Clive, J.H. Marvor's Stenography abbrev., 1811,12mo. 
 
 Clive, Robert. Serm., 1770, 8vo. 
 
 Clive, Robert, Lord, Baron of Plassey, 1725- 
 1774. A Letter to the Proprietors of the East India Stock, 
 Lon., 1764, Svo. Speech in House of Commons relative to 
 the E. India Company, 1773, 4to. Charles Caraccioll wrote 
 a life of Lord Clive, Lon., 1775, '76, 4 vols. Svo, which Dr. 
 Watt compliments as "a confused jumble." Sir John Mal 
 colm pub. in 1836, 3 vols. Svo, a life of Lord Clive, col 
 lected from the Family Papers. 
 
 "The love of Sir John Malcolm passes the love of biographers." 
 Review by T. B. Macaulay, Edin. Eev., Jan. 1840. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Gleig also has presented the public with a 
 memoir of Lord Clive. 
 
 Clodius, John. Dissertatio, <fcc. Politicis, Lon., 1658. 
 
 Clogie, Alexander. Vox Corvi, Lon., 1694, 12mo. 
 
 Cloke, Thomas. De Atrophia, Lugd. Bat., 167,5, 4to. 
 
 Close, Francis, Archdeacon of Carlisle, formerly 
 Vicar of Cheltenham. Discourses on Genesis, Lon., 1826, 
 Svo; 6th ed., 1841, 12mo. 
 
 " It contains full, clear, and striking Expositions and Illustra 
 tions of divine truth." Lon. Christian Guardian. 
 
 Miscellaneous Serms., 1840, 2 vols. Svo. 52 Sketches of 
 Serms., 1842, Svo. Other works, 1840-48. 
 
 " Close is a popular and admired preacher. His discourses af 
 ford a feithful exposition of the doctrines of the evangelical school 
 in the Church of England." LOWNDES. 
 
 Close,Henry J. Fam.Prayers,Lon.,18mo; 2ded.l841. 
 
 " Well adapted for the purposes of family prayer." Lon. Gospel 
 Magazine. 
 
 Close, William. Con. to Nic. Jour., 1800, '01, '02, 
 '05 ; Natural Philos. and Chemistry. 
 
 Closse, George. The Parricide Papist, Lon., 1606,4to. 
 
 Clossy, Samuel. Diseases of the Body, 1763, Svo. 
 
 Clough, Arthur H., Fellow and Tutor in Oriel Col 
 lege, Oxford, and late Professor in University College, 
 London. The Bothie of Toper-Na-Fuosich ; a Long Va 
 cation Pastoral, Lon., 1848, 2 vols. Svo. Plutarch's Lives ; 
 the trans, called Dryden's, corrected from the Greek, and 
 revised by A. H. C. Messrs. Little, Brown & Co., of 
 Boston, Mass., will shortly issue this work in 5 vols. Svo. 
 
 397 
 
CLO 
 
 COB 
 
 Clough, Henry J., M.D. Midwifery, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Clough, James. Diseases of Children, &c., 1796, 8vo. 
 
 Cloutt, Thomas. Sermons, 1806, '09, 8vo. 
 
 Clowes, John, 1743-1831, Fellow of Trinity College, 
 Cambridge, Rector of St John's, Manchester, 1769. New 
 Jerusalem Sermons, Lon., 1796, 2 vols. 8vo. This divine 
 pub. several other works in defence of the doctrines of 
 Swedenborg. 
 
 Clowes, William, an eminent English surgeon temp. 
 Elizabeth, pub. several professional treatises, the best of 
 which is The Approved Practice for all young Chirurgeons, 
 1591, '96, and 1637, 4to. 
 
 " He is a strong advocate for writing medical and chirurgical 
 books in the vernacular language, and his practice was always in 
 genious, and often successful." 
 
 Clubbe, J., Surgeon. Profess, treatises, 1778, '86, 8vo. 
 
 Clubbe, John. Serm., 1751, 4to. Hist, and Anti 
 quities of the ancient Villa of "Whatfield, in the county of 
 Suffolk, 1758. 
 
 "A Piece of excellent Irony, at the expense of Modern Antiqua 
 ries." DR. WATT. 
 
 A Letter, 1763. Physiognomy. Miscell. Tracts., 1770, 
 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Clubbe, William, d. 1814, aged 70. Trans. &c. from 
 Horace, Lon., 1795, '97, 4to. Omnium, 1798, 8vo. Other 
 works, 1804, '06. 
 
 Clunie, James. Sufferings of Christ, Lon., 1810. 
 
 Clunie, John. The Storm Improved, 1810. 
 
 Cluny, Alexander. The American Traveller, Lon., 
 1769, 4to; reprinted, 1770, in French, 1783. 
 
 " The author was the first to give accurate intelligence of Hud 
 son's Bay, and to institute an inquiry about a more successful 
 commerce with the Americans. The book was said to have been 
 published under the auspices of Lord Chatham : and both the 
 English and Americans, at that crisis, were so eager to possess it, 
 that it was bought and read by one party with the same avidity 
 that it was bought and destroyed by the other. It now rests in 
 peace : an example (if ten thousand others were wanting) of the 
 shortrlived popularity of ' things mundane.' " Dibdin's Library 
 Companion ; q. v. for an account of Cluny's travels. 
 
 " Even in 1775, according to Daines Barrington, it was a book 
 not commonly to be met with." Rich's Bibliotheca Americana 
 Nova; q. v. for the full title. 
 
 Clutterbuck, Henry, M.D. Prof, treat., 1794-1807. 
 
 Clutterbuck, J. Liturgy, 1694. Psalms, 1702. 
 
 Clutterbuck, Robert, 1772-1831, an eminent anti 
 quary and topographer, a native of Watford, Hertfordshire, 
 was educated at Exeter College, Oxford. The Hist, and 
 Antiquities of the County of Hertford, Lon., 1815, '21, '27, 
 r. fol. ; 3 vols. pub. at 25 4s. ; large paper, with proof 
 plates, 47 5s. This work was the labour of 18 years. He 
 draws from Chauncy where the history of the latter suits 
 his purpose. 
 
 " This elegant and complete History will hand down his name 
 in honourable connection with his native county, to the latest 
 posterity. The plates have never been surpassed in any similar 
 publication, whether we consider the appropriateness of the em 
 bellishments, or the beauty and fidelity of their execution." Lon. 
 Gent. Mag. ; see Review of vol. i. in vol. Ixxxvi. ; of vol. ii. in vol. 
 xci. ; and of vol. iii. in vol. xcvii. 
 
 Clutterbuck, Thomas. Serm., Lon., 1687, 4to. 
 
 Clutton, John. Serm., Lon., 1789, 8vo. 
 
 Clutton, Joseph. Med. treatises, Lon., 1729, '36. 
 
 Clyfton, Richard. Baptizing Infants, 1610, 4to. 
 
 Clyfton, William. Advertisement, Ac., 1612, 4to; 
 rel. to the "English exiled Church at Amsterdam." 
 
 Clymer, Meredith, M.D. On Fevers ; edit, with ad- 
 dits. from Tweedie's Library of Pract. Medicine, Phila., 
 1846, 8vo. Fourth Amer. ed. of C. J. B. Williams's Prin 
 ciples of Medicine, Phila., 1854, 8vo ; also editor of Wil 
 liams's work on Fevers, and of his Treatises on Diseases 
 of the Respiratory Organs, both pub. in Phila., 8vo. 
 Coachman, Robert. Church of Christ, Lon v 1642,4to. 
 Coad, John. A Memorandum of the wonderful Pro 
 vidences of God to a poor unworthy Creature, (from 12th 
 of June, 1685, unto the 24th of November, 1690,) in and 
 after the Revolution betweene the Duke of Monmouth and 
 King James. By John Coad, Lon., 1849, 8vo. 
 
 'The best account of the sufferings of those rebels who were 
 sentenced to transportation is to be found in a very curious nar- 
 5 ^ ^ hn Coad ' an honest God-fearing carpenter, who 
 
 joined Monmouth, was badly wounded at Philips Norton was 
 tried by Jeffreys, and was sent to Jamaica. The original manu 
 script was kindly lent to me by Mr. Phippard, to whom it belongs " 
 Macaiday's England, vol. i. p. 647, (not^) 
 
 Coad, Joseph. 1. Finance. 2. Taxation, 1804, '06. 
 
 Coakley, JohnLettsom. Account of the late John 
 jFothergill, M.D., Lon., 1783, 8vo. 
 
 Coates, Benjamin H., M.D., b. at Philadelphia, 
 1787. Cases, Memoirs, Essays, Pamphlets for private 
 Distribution, and Courses of public Lectures. Contribu 
 tions to Chapman's Medical Journal, 1819-26, and to the 
 
 North American (medical) Journal, of which he was one 
 of the founders ; pub. 1826-31, 12 vols. Courses of Lec 
 tures on Physiology, the Practice of Medicine, and on 
 Bandages. Clinical Courses on Medicine in the Penna. 
 Hospital, 1828-41. Two Courses of Physiological Experi 
 ments on Absorption, with Drs. Lawrance and Harlan, 
 Dr. Coates being reporter, 1821-2. On a Machine bed for 
 Fractures. On Gangrene of the Mouth of Children. On 
 Delirium Tremens. On the Mortality of the Coloured Po 
 pulation in Separate Imprisonment. On the Origin of the 
 American Indian Races. On the Larva of the Hessian 
 Fly. A Memoir of Thomas Say, the naturalist. A De 
 scription of a Hydrostatic Balance, dispensing with Cal 
 culation. An Oration on Certainty in Medicine, 1830 ; an 
 ticipating by several years the modern Arithmetical School. 
 Coates, Charles. History and Antiquities of Read 
 ing, with Supplement, Lon., 1802. Reading, 1810, 4to. 
 
 Coates, or Cotes, Digby, Public Orator of the Uni 
 versity of Oxford, appears to have partly executed the 
 trans, revised by Wotton of Du Pin's Hist, of Eccles. 
 Writers, pub. in London, 1697-1725. 17 vols. in 7. An 
 ed. which is preferred, but which comes down only to the 
 end of the 16th century, was printed by Grierson, Dubl., 
 1722-24, 3 vols. fol. 
 
 " Du Pin was a laborious, and, for a Catholic, a liberal, writer ; 
 the work is full of erudition." BISHOP WATSON. 
 
 "It is unquestionably the most standard work of that kind ex 
 tant, whatever deficiencies may have been found in its execution.-' 
 HALLAM : Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 Coates pub. Oratio, &c., Chris. Codrington, Oxon., 1716, 
 8vo. Sermon, 1713; 15 ditto, 1721, 8vo. 
 
 Coates, Reynell, M.D., b. 1802, Philadelphia, sur 
 geon, naturalist, and political, scientific, and popular es 
 sayist and lecturer. Popular Medicine, 8vo, Phil. Phy 
 siology for Schools, 12mo, Phil., 1840. Nat. Philos. for 
 Schools, 12mo, Phil., 1845. Monographs, Reviews, Ac., 
 in N. A. Med. and Surg. Jour., Amer. Jour, of Med. and 
 Phys. ScL, Jour, of Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil. Cycl. of Prac. 
 Med. and Surg., 1826-40. Ed. of many Journals and An 
 nuals, e. g. Leaflets of Memory, 1845-53. Auth. of Na 
 tive American National Address, 1845. Founder of the 
 Patriotic Order of the United Sons of America, 1845. 
 Coats, James. Diet, of Heraldry, Lon., 1725, '39, 8vo. 
 Coatsworth, Edw. De Variolis, Traj. ad Rhen., 
 1708, 4to. 
 
 Coatsworth, W. Pharmacopoeia Pauperum, 1718,8vo. 
 Cob, Chris. The Sect spoken against ; or the Doc 
 trine of Ely, Lon., 1651, 8vo. 
 
 Cobb, James, 1756-1813, a dramatic poet, author of 
 the Humourist, Strangers at Home, 1786, and other dra 
 matic works. See Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Cobb, John. 8 Sermons, Bamp. Lect., Oxf., 1783, 8vo. 
 Cobb, Lyman, an American writer, is favourably 
 known as the author of a series of Popular Readers. 
 
 Cobb, Samuel, d. 1713, of Trinity College, Cam 
 bridge. Collections of Poems, 1707. Carpenter of Oxf., 
 (1712, 8vo,) and the Miller's Tale, from Chaucer. Trans, 
 of the Muscipula. The Oak and the Briar; a Tale. The 
 Female Reign, in Dodsley's Collec., and in Gent. Mag., 
 1753, with alterations by Dr. Watts. 
 
 Cobb, Sylvanus, Jr., b. 1823, Waterville, Maine, 
 son of Rev. Sylvanus Cobb, ed. and prop, of the Christian 
 Freeman, Boston; was editor and publisher of a paper 
 called The Rechabite; also edited the New England Wash- 
 ingtonian, Boston. Has principally contributed to Glea- 
 son's Pictorial, Flag of our Union, and is now (1858) en 
 gaged in writing for the N.Y. Ledger, (circulation 350,000 
 copies weekly.) Upwards of twenty novelettes have beer 
 republished from his newspaper-writings. 
 Cobb, Thomas. His Case, fol. 
 Cobbe. Prophecies, Signs, and Tokens, 1614, 4to. ' 
 Cobbe, Richard. Bombay Church, 1765, 8vo. 
 Cobbet, Thomas, 1608-1685, a Nonconformist di 
 vine, emigrated to New England, and there died. Self- 
 Employment in Secret. 
 " Edifying and consoling." BICKERSTETH. 
 On Infant Baptism, Lon., 1648, 4to. 
 "A large, nervous, golden discourse." MATHER. 
 Magistrate's Power in Matters of Religion, 1653, 4to. 
 Prayer, 1654, 8vo. Discourse, 1656, 8vo. 
 
 Cobbett,William, 1762-1835, a voluminous political 
 writer, was the son of a farmer and publican at Farnham, 
 in Surrey. He ran away from his father, enlisted as a 
 soldier, and served for some time in Nova Scotia and New 
 Brunswick. Returning to England, he received his dis 
 charge, and in 1792 visited France, from whence he sailed 
 for America, arriving in New York in October of the same 
 year. In 1796 he settled in Philadelphia, and, establish- 
 
COB 
 
 COC 
 
 ing Peter Porcupine's Gazette, took a lively interest in the 
 political questions of the day. His intemperance in con 
 troversy provoked suits for slander by Dr. Rush and others, 
 and the satirist was fined the sum of $5000. The works 
 of Peter Porcupine, 1783-1801, in 12 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1801, 
 should be carefully perused by the student of American 
 history. 
 
 "Cobbett, in these volumes, has left a picture of the politics and 
 leading politicians of America, which (with caution) must be stu 
 died by all who would understand the party questions with which 
 they were discussed. " KENT. 
 
 In 1800 he sailed for England, where he started The 
 Porcupine, an advocate of Mr. Pitt. He subsequently 
 established The Weekly Register, in which he communi 
 cated with the public for thirty years. In 1817 he again 
 visited America, in consequence of the Six Acts. These 
 were repealed in 1819, and the exile returned, carrying 
 with him the bones of the notorious Tom Paine, for which 
 riddance America owes Cobbett's memory no little respect. 
 In 1832 the noisy gentleman was returned to Parliament, 
 where, by a wonderful metamorphosis, like Bottom in the 
 Play, he "roared as gently as any sucking dove." He 
 died at his farm in Surrey, June 18, 1835. His Political 
 Works, being an Abridgment of 100 vols. which compose 
 the writings of Peter Porcupine, and The Weekly Political 
 Register, with Notes by his Sons, were pub. in 1842, Lon., 
 6 vols. 8vo ; to 1848, 9 vols. He also wrote the Emigrant's 
 Guide; Poor Man's Friend; Cottage Economy; Village 
 Sermons; An English Grammar; A Grammar to teach 
 Frenchmen the English Language; Trans, of Marten's 
 Law of Nations; A Year's Residence in America; Par 
 liamentary History of England to 1803, 12 vols., and De 
 bates, 1803-10, 16 vols. royal 8vo; and some other works. 
 See a list of his pamphlets, Ac., in Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; a 
 memoir in Gent. Mag., Aug. 1835, and a notice in the 
 Lon. Times, same year. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 for a notice of Cobbett's works on Agriculture and Horti 
 culture : Cottage Economy, Lon., 1822, 8vo. An edit, of 
 Tull's Horse-hoeing Husbandry, 1822. Rural Rides, Ac. ; 
 The Woodlands, or a Treatise on Planting, 1825, 8vo. 
 Treatise on Cobbett's Corn, 1828, 8vo. 
 
 " This author did not in any way advance the practice of agri 
 culture, either by precept or example ; but he adorned the parts 
 that have been mentioned, by his homely knowledge of the art, 
 and most agreeable delineation. He did not grasp the art as a 
 comprehensive whole, nor did he aspire to the higher branches, 
 among which to indulge a lofty seat of view and ideal elevation." 
 Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 The following is a specimen of the compliments with 
 which controversial writers must expect to be occasionally 
 favoured: 
 
 " He is a man filled with odium humani generis. His malevo 
 lence and lying are beyond any thing." JEREMY BENTHAM. 
 
 " The general characteristics of his style were perspicuity un 
 equalled and inimitable ; a homely, muscular vigour, a purity, al 
 ways simple, and raciness, often elegant." Lon. Times. 
 
 "The style of Cobbett is the perfection of the rough Saxon 
 English, and a model of Political Writings for the People." 
 
 Cobbin, Ingrain. Child's Commentator, Lon., 7 vols. 
 18mo; new ed. 1851, 1 vol. sq. 
 
 " It is distinguished by a praiseworthy simplicity and plainness, 
 both m the ideas and the phraseology." LOWNDES. 
 
 The French Preacher; Serms. trans, from the French 
 Divines, Lon., 1816, 8vo. 
 
 " Containing much Biographical and Historical information 
 
 Mr. Home considers Cobbin's notices of French Sermons as very 
 candid and correct." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Reformed Church of France, Lon., 1816, 8vo. An edit, 
 of Albert Barnes's Exposition of the New Testament, Lon., 
 9 vols. 12ino, 1853. Condensed Comment, on the Bible with 
 upwards of 30,000 Notes, Lon., imp. 8vo, and r 4to 1837 
 2d edit., 1839, and later edits. (A Portable Commentary 
 in 12mo.) Of this excellent work there are lying before 
 us commendations from perhaps 35 to 40 authorities. We 
 have room for but two or three. 
 
 " It is derived from the best accessible sources." T. H. HORNE 
 
 The most valuable book of the kind that has yet appeared " 
 Lon. Eclectic Review. 
 
 "I cannot doubt but that by the use of this work the reading 
 of the word of God will be rendered much more beneficial to all 
 classes in the present active and inquiring age." REV. J. PTE 
 SMITH, L/lj.D. 
 
 The Domestic Bible, imp. 8vo, 1849, '52. 
 
 " All the chief religious periodicals of the day have, without 
 exception, concert, or collusion, employed the most superlative ex 
 pressions that language supplies, in praise of this work." ion. 
 (fhrtstian Witness. 
 
 Mr. C. has pub. many educational and religious works. 
 , g Cobbold, Elizabeth. Waterloo; an Ode, Lon., 
 
 Cobbold, John S. Theolog. treatises, 1797-1815. 
 
 A ? M^! d ' **<** Zenon, the Martyr, Lon., 2d 
 ed., 1849, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " The incidents of this work are at once various and striking ; 
 and moral and religious truths of great importance are both simply 
 and powerfully expressed." Lon. Messenger. 
 
 Freston Tower, 1852, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Voice from the 
 Mount: Pastoral Letters, 1848, 12mo. 
 
 " It may be read to edification by every age." Church and State 
 Gazette. 
 
 Mary Anne Wellington, new ed., 1853, 12mo. Hist, of 
 Margt. Catchpole, p. 8vo ; new ed. 1852, 8vo. Other works. 
 
 Cobdcn, Edward, D.D., d. 1764, educated at Trinity 
 College, Oxford, removed to King's College, Cambridge. 
 Serms., 1736, '48, '53. Poems, 1748, 8vo. Concio ad 
 Clerum, 1753, 8vo. Essays and Discourses, 1755, '57, 4to. 
 28 Discourses, 1757, 4to. 
 
 Cobden, Richard, b. 1804, at Dunford, Sussex, M.P. 
 for Stockport, 1841-47, and for the West Riding, 1847-57, 
 has distinguished himself, in and out of Parliament, by his 
 efforts for the repeal of the Corn-Laws and by the advocacy 
 of other "political reforms." 1. England, Ireland, and 
 America. 2. Russia. These two pamphlets were pub. 
 about 1835. 3. Extracts from the Works of Col. T. Peron- 
 net Thompson. This anti-Corn-Law pamphlet was pub. 
 about 1843. 4. Speeches delivered during 1849, 12mo. 
 5. How Wars are Got Up in India: the Origin of the 
 Burmese War, 1853 : pamph. 6. 1793 and 1853 : in Three 
 Letters, 1853: pamph. 7. What Next? 1855: pamph. 
 
 Cocburims, anglici Cockburn. 
 
 Cochran,William. Serm.,1795. Trans., I. A., ix. 133. 
 
 Cochrane, Alex. Baillie, M.P. Meditations of 
 Other Days, Lon., 1841, 8vo. The Morea, with Remarks 
 on Greece, 1841, p. 8vo. Young Italy, 1850, p. 8vo. Ernest 
 Vane ; a Novel, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " Ernest Vane is of high merit as a production of genius. . . . 
 Its pages abound with brilliancy of thought, and depth of feeling." 
 Lon. Morning Post. 
 
 Cochrane, Archibald, Earl of Dundonald, 1749- 
 1831, an eminent chemist. Manufacture of Salt, Lon., 
 1785, 8vo. Coal Tar, and Coal Varnish, 1785, 8vo. Me 
 morial, <fcc., E. I. Company, 1786, 4to. Agriculture and 
 Chemistry, 1795, 4to. Chemistry and Agriculture,1799, 4to. 
 
 " The author was the first scientific person who directed atten 
 tion to chemical agriculture." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 " The discoveries effected by his scientific research, with its di 
 rection altogether to utility, have been in many instances benefi 
 cial to the community." Annual Address of the Registrars of the 
 Literary Fund Society, 1823 : see Mem. in Gent. Mag., Aug. 1831. 
 
 Cochrane, Hon. Basil. The Vapour Bath, 1809, 
 '10, 4to ; its application to diseases. 
 
 Cochrane, Charles Stuart, Capt. R. N. Residence 
 and Travels in Colombia, 1823, '24, Lon., 1825, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 " A work of little or no value." LOWNDES. 
 
 Cochrane, James. Manual of Family and Private 
 Devotion, Edin., 1835, p. 8vo; selected from upwards of 
 40 Authors. 
 
 " There is no book of the kind which I have better relished or 
 more highly approved of." DR. THOMAS CHALMERS. 
 
 Discourses, Edin., 1848, 8vo. Discourses, 1851, 8vo. 
 
 Cochrane, James, Hon. and Rev. Serm., 1777, 4to. 
 Uses of Clay Marl, Agricultural Salts, <fcc., 1791, 4to. Other 
 publications, 1779-1805. 
 
 Cochrane, John. Game of Chess, Lon., 1822, 8vo. 
 
 Cochrane, Hon. John. Seaman's Guide, Lon., 
 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Cochrane, John Duiulas, Capt., R.N., 1780-1825. 
 Pedestrian Journey through Russia and Siberian Tartary. 
 Ac.; 2ded., Lon., 1824, 8vo. 
 
 " The eccentricities of this most hardy and indefatigable traveller 
 sometimes approach to insanity." 
 
 " It contains, from the writer's want of scientific knowledge, 
 little that is satisfactory on the face of the country and its natural 
 productions." Lm. Quar. Rev. 
 
 Cochrane, Thomas , Surgeon. Med. Com., 1774, '75. 
 
 Cochrane, Thomas, M.D. Med. Com., 1785. 
 
 Cochrane, Thomas, Lord, has been Earl of Dun 
 donald since 1831. 1. Letter to Lord Ellenborough. 2. 
 Address to the Electors of Westminster, 1811, '15. 
 
 Cock, Charles G. Household of God, Lon., 1651, fol. 
 
 Cock, John. Sermons, 1704, '07, '10. 
 
 Cock, M. R. Amer. Poultry Book, N. Y., 1851, 18mo. 
 
 Cock, S. 1. Navigation System. 2. Bullion, 1804, '11. 
 
 Cock, Capt. Samuel. Voyage to Lethe, 1741, 8vo. 
 
 Cock, Thomas. Discourse on Air, Lon., 1665, 4to. 
 
 Cock, William. Meteorologie, or the true way of 
 Foreseeing and Judging the Weather, Lon., 1671, 8vo. 
 
 Cockaine. See COCKAYNE. 
 
 Cockayne, George. Sermon, Lon., 1648, 4to. 
 
 Cockayne, J. England's Troubles Anatomized, Lon., 
 1644, 4to. 
 
 Cockayne, O. Civil Hist, of the Jews, from Joshua 
 to Hadrian, Lon., 1841, 12mo. Greek Syntax, with Metrical 
 Examples, 1846, 12mo. Hist, of France, 1846, 18mo. 
 
COG 
 
 COG 
 
 Cockburn, Archibald. Philosophical Essay cone. 
 the Intermediate State of Blessed Souls, Lon., 1722, 8vo. 
 
 Cockburn, Mrs. Catherine, 1679-1749, was a native 
 of London, a daughter of Captain David Trotter, R. N. In 
 her 17th year her tragedy of Agnes de Castro was produced 
 with great success at the Theatre Royal. In 1698 she gave 
 to the world the Tragedy of Fatal Friendship, and in 1701, 
 The Unhappy Penitent. In the same year she contributed, 
 with several other ladies, to the Nine Muses j a tribute to 
 the memory of John Dryden. In 1706 her tragedy en 
 titled The Revolution of Sweden was acted at the Queen's 
 Theatre. In 1708 she was married to the Rev. Mr. Cock- 
 burn, who was subsequently presented to the living of 
 Long-Horsley, Northumberland. In the previous year 
 she returned to the communion of the Church of England, 
 which she had when quite young forsaken for the Church 
 of Rome. In 1726 she pub. a Letter to Dr. Holdsworth 
 in vindication of Mr. Locke's Essay respecting the resur 
 rection of the body. In 1747 appeared her Remarks upon 
 the Principles and Reasonings of Dr. Rutherforth's Essay 
 on the Nature and Obligations of Virtue. 
 
 " It [Mrs. Cockburn's refutation] contains all the clearness of 
 expression, the strength of reason, the precision of logic, and at 
 tachment to truth, which makes books of this nature really useful 
 to the common cause of virtue and religion." BISHOP WARBURTON. 
 
 In 1751 Dr. Birch pub. an edition of Mrs. Cockburn's 
 Works in 2 vols. 8vo. * This collection, however, contains 
 none of her dramatic pieces excepting The Fatal Friend 
 ship. Of her poetical essays, The Flowers of the Forest 
 is best known to the public, and has even been placed in 
 competition with Miss Jane Elliott's beautiful ballad of the 
 same title. See Life by Birch; Biog. Brit.; Forbes's Life 
 of Beattie; Gibber's Lives. 
 
 Cockburn, Henry Thomas, Lord, Scottish Judge, 
 1779-1854. 1. On the Best Ways of Spoiling the Beauties 
 of Edinburgh. 2. Life and Correspondence of Lord Jeffrey, 
 Lon., 1852, 2 vols. 8vo. He was an early contributor to 
 the Edin. Rev. Memorials of his Times 1856, 8vo. 
 
 "We are by no means satisfied that wo have made the best 
 imaginable selection from this amusing and valuable volume. 
 That, however, which has been given will suffice to recommend the 
 reader to it as one full of value and amusement." Lon. Athen. 
 
 Cockburn, Lt.-Gcn. James. Voyage to Cadiz 
 and Gibraltar, up the Mediterranean to Sicily and Malta, 
 Lon., 1815, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Cockburn, John, D.D., d. 1729. Serms. and theolog. 
 essays, 1691-1717. History of Duels, showing their hei 
 nous nature, 1720, 8vo. 
 
 Cockburn, John, D.D. Serms., Ac., 1698-1718. 
 
 Cockburn, John. Journey over Land, from the 
 Gulph of Honduras to the Great South Sea, Lon., 1735, 8vo. 
 
 " This curious and authentic narrative appeared so extraordinary, 
 that it was looked upon by many who perused it as little better 
 than a romance." LOWNDES. 
 
 Cockburn, Patrick, d. 1559, Professor of the Ori 
 ental languages at Paris, was considered by Dempster and 
 Bale as one of the greatest scholars and ablest divines of 
 his age. Oratio de Utilitate et Excellentia Verbi Dei, 
 Paris, 1551, 8vo. De Vulgari Sacrae Scripturae Phrasi, 
 Paris, 1552, 8vo. In Orationem Dominicam, pia Meditatio, 
 St. And., 1555, 12mo. In Symbolum Apostolicum, Com 
 ment, Lon., 1561, 4to. 
 
 " He was so well seen in the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew lan 
 guages, that there were but few either in France or in Europe, that 
 could equal him." DEMPSTER. 
 
 Cockburn's works are rarely to be met with. See Orme's 
 Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Cockburn, Patrick, d. 1749, aged 71, husband of 
 Mrs. Catherine Cockburn, was Vicar of Long-Horsley, 
 Northumberland. Penitential Office, Lon., 1721, 8vo. Pray 
 ing for Superiors, Ac., 1728, '39, 8vo. An Inquiry into the 
 truth and certainty of the Mosaic Deluge, 1750, 8vo. 
 
 "One of the most valuable treatises on the Deluge that has been 
 published." ORME: Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Cockburn, Robert. An Historical Dissertation on 
 the Books of the N. Testament; vol. i., 1755, 8vo. 
 
 Cockburn, Thomas. Sketch, Ac., Lon., 1813, 8vo. 
 Cockburn, William, M.D. (Economia Corporis Ani- 
 mahs, Lon., 1695, 8vo. Other profess, treatises, 1696-1732. 
 ' WilUam * Rei S n of Q ue en Anne, Lon., 
 
 Cockburn, William. Serm., Edin., 1712, 8vo. 
 
 Cockburn, William. Clerk's Assistant, or Practice 
 of the Ecclesiastical Courts, Ac., Dubl., 1753 gvo 
 
 Cockburn, William. Essay on the Epistles of lena 
 tins, Lon., 1806, 8vo. 
 
 " An excellent tract, tending to remove every shadow of reason 
 able doubt from a subject of much collateral importance to religion " 
 
 Credibility of the Jewish Exodus ; in answer to Gibbon, 
 Ac., 1809, 8vo. Commended in Lowndes's Bibl. Man! 
 
 Strictures on Clerical Education at the University of Cam- 
 sridge, 1809, 8vo. 
 '* A very important tract." 
 Other publications, 1802, '09. 
 
 Cockburn, William, D.D., Dean of York. A Letter 
 to Prof. Buckland concerning the Origin of the World, 
 Lon., 1838, 8vo. A New System of Geology, dedicated to 
 Prof. Sedgwick. 
 
 Cockburn, Sir William, of Langtown. Respub- 
 lica de Decimis, Edin., 1627, 4to. 
 
 Cocke, Charles George. England's Complete 
 Lawyer and Law-Judge, Lon., 1656, 4to. 
 
 Cocke, Thomas. Kitchen Physic, Lon., 1676, 12mo. 
 Cocke, William Archer. The Constitutional His 
 tory of the United States, from the Adoption of the Articles 
 of Confederation to the close of Jackson's Administration, 
 Phila., 2 vols. 8vo: vol. i., 1858. 
 
 Cockell, William, M.D. Professional Essay, Lon., 
 1788, 4to. 
 
 Cocker, Edward, 1631-1677? an arithmetician of 
 London, pub. 14 books of exercises in penmanship, and 
 several educational treatises. He is best known by his 
 Vulgar Arithmetic, pub. after his decease by his friend 
 John Hawkins. The 1st ed. (1677 or 1678) is very rare. 
 A copy sold at Puttick and Simpson's, March, 1851, for 
 8 10s. The 52d ed. was pub. in 1748, and there have 
 been several reprints since ; the last of which we have any 
 account is dated Glasgow, 1777. 
 
 "Ingenious Cocker! now to rest thou'rt gone, 
 No art can show thee fully but thy own! 
 Thy rare Arithmetick alone can show 
 The vast sums of thanks we for thy labour owe." 
 The 2d ed. of his Dictionary was pub. in 1715 and another 
 in 1725. 
 
 " He certainly doth hit the white 
 
 Who mingles profit with delight." 
 
 Cockerell, Charles Robert, R.A., b. 1788, Lon.; 
 a distinguished architect. Iconography of Wells Cathe 
 dral, 4to. Descriptions to Michael Angelo, 1857, fol. In 
 connexion with J. S. Harford, D.C.L. 
 Cockerham,Henry. Eng. Dictionary,Lon.,1632,8vo. 
 Cockes, or Cox, Leonard. The Art of Crafte of 
 Rhetoryke, Lon., 1532, 12mo. Com. on Lilly, 1540. Trans, 
 of Erasmus's Parap. of the Epistle to Titus, 1549. Marcus 
 Eremita de Lege et Spiritu, 1540. 
 
 Cockin, or Cokayne, Francis. Divine Blossoms; 
 a prospect of a looking-glass for youth, Lon., 1657, 12mo. 
 Cockin, Joseph. Serm., 1814, 8vo. 
 Cockin, William. 1. Language. 2. Arithmetic, 
 1755, '66. 
 
 Cockings, George. War; an Heroic Poem, 1760, 
 8vo. Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce ; a Poem, Lon., 
 1769, 8vo. The Conquest of Canada, or the Siege of Quebec ; 
 a Tragedy, Lon., 1766, 8vo. 
 
 Cockle, Mrs. The Juvenile Journal, or Tales of Truth, 
 1807, 12mo. 
 
 " A strict observance of truth in the most trifling as well as the 
 more important concerns of life is the basis of every moral and 
 religious duty." 
 
 Moral Truths, Ac., 1810, 12mo. 
 
 " This work may serve to show that the performance of duty is 
 the most important business of life." Lon. Critical Review. 
 Important Studies for the Female Sex, 12mo. 
 " We present it to the Female World as a worthy companion to 
 Dr. Gregory's Legacy to his Daughters, and as a friend whose pre 
 cepts would lead them to virtue, honour, and happiness." Anti* 
 Jacobin Review. 
 
 Other publications. 
 
 Cockman, Thomas, D.D., Master of University Col 
 lege, Oxford. Serm., 1733, 8vo. Select Theolog. Discourses, 
 1750, 2 vols. 8vo. Trans, of Cicero's Offices. 
 Cockohan, Thomas, D.D. Serm., Oxf., 1733, 8vo 
 Cockrile, Richard. Trigonometry, 1793, 8vo. 
 Cocks. Musical Publications, Lon. 
 Cocks, C., Prof, of Living Languages in the Royal 
 Colleges of France. Bordeaux, its Wines, and the Claret 
 Country, Lon., 1846, p. 8vo. Translations from the French : 
 Ultramontanism, by E. Quinet; Priests, Women, and Fa 
 milies, by J. Michelet; The People, by the same; Antonio 
 Perez and Philip II. of Spain, by M. Mignet. 
 
 " This remarkable historiette comes recommended to the general 
 reader, as well as to the historical student, by M. Mignet's very 
 complete mode of treatment and pleasing style of composition, 
 which it is no small credit to Mr. Cocks to have so well preserved in 
 his translation." Lon. Daily News. 
 
 Cocks, John. See SOWERS, LORD. 
 Cocks, Sir Richard, Bart. Church of England 
 Secured ; 2d ed., Lon., 1722, 8vo. Discovery of the Longi 
 tude, 1721, 8vo. Charge to the G. Jury, 1723. 
 
 Cocks, Sir Robert, D.D. Serms., 1714, '15, '16. 
 Cocks, Roger. Hebdomada Sacra; aWeekesDevo* 
 
COO 
 
 tion, Lon., 1630, 8vo. Answer to A Discourse by Sir E. 
 Peyton, 1642, 4to. 
 
 Cocks,W. P. Treatise on Operative Surgery,Lon.,8vo. 
 An assistant teacher for the student in anatomy and surgery 
 a book to accompany him to the hospitals, to supply the defects of 
 experience or memory." Lon. Atlas. 
 
 Anatomy of the Brain, <fcc., 18mo. Illustrations of Am 
 putations, 8vo ; of Dislocations and Fractures, 8vo. 
 
 Cockson, Edward. Quakerism Dissected and laid 
 open, Lon., 1708, 8vo. 
 
 Cockson, Thomas, Surgeon. Med. Com., 1775. 
 Cockton, Henry. Love Match, Lon., 8vo. Sisters, 
 8vo. Stanley Thorn, 1841, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Steward, 1850, 
 8vo. Sylvester Sound, 1844, 8vo. The Ventriloquist; being 
 Life and Adventures of Valentine Vox, 8vo, 1840. Lady 
 Felicia,185 1/52, p. 8vo. Percy Effingham,1853, 2 vol. p. 8vo. 
 " It abounds in droll scenes, which will keep the most melan 
 choly reader in a side-aching fit of laughter as long as he has the 
 book in his hands." ion. Times. 
 
 " One of the most amusing works we have ever read." Chmbndge 
 Chronicle. 
 
 Codes, Barth. Phisiognomie Englished by Thomas 
 Hyll; s. a. an ed., 1613, 8vo. Numerous foreign edits, in 
 Latin and French. Chyromantia, Lat., Ven., 1525, 8vo. 
 La Geomantia, Ven., 1550, 8vo. 
 
 Cocus : anglice, Cock, or Cooke. 
 Coddington, William, d. 1678, aged 77, the principal 
 of the first eighteen settlers of Rhode Island, and its first 
 Governor. A Demonstration of True Love unto you, the 
 Rulers of the Colony of Massachusetts in New England, 
 1674, 4to. See Besse's Sufferings of the Quakers, ii. 265- 
 70; Winthrop; Hutchinson. 
 
 Code, H. B. Spanish Patriots a thousand years ago ; 
 an Historical Drama, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Codrington, Christopher, 1668-1710, a native of 
 Barbadoes, Fellow of All Souls' College, 1689 ; left 10,000 
 to his college for the erection of a library, and his West 
 India Estates to the Society for the Propagation of the 
 Gospel in Foreign Parts. He addressed some verses to 
 Garth on the publication of bis Dispensary, and is the 
 author of some Latin poems in the Musae Anglicanse, 1741 
 Codrington, Robert, 1602-1665, was educated at 
 Oxford. Trans, of Du Moulin's Knowledge of God, Lon. 
 1634. Life and Death of Robert, Earl of Essex, 1646, 4to 
 Heptameron, 1654, 8vo. Life of Esop, prefixed to Barlow's 
 ed. of the Fables, 1666, fol. A Collec. of Proverbs, 1664, 
 '85, 12mo. Wood, referring to the Life of Essex, remarks 
 "In this book Codrington shows himself a rank parliamenteer.' 
 " His account is not only defective in point of method, but is 
 also very barren of facts, such only excepted as are collected from 
 the news-writers of those times." PARK. 
 
 The Life of Essex is reprinted in the Harl. Miscel., vol. i 
 Codrington, T. A Serm. in Catholick Serms., (2 vols 
 8vo, Lon., 1741,) vol. i. 259. 
 
 Coe, Richard. Diary relative to Waller's Army, 1644 
 
 Coe, Richard, of Philadelphia, has pub. a numbe: 
 
 of poems which have been commended as possessing un 
 
 usual merit. The Old Farm-Gate : Stories and Poems 
 
 Phila., 1852, 16mo. ' 
 
 Coe, Thomas, M.D. Dissert. Inaug. Medica, Ac., Lugd 
 Bat,, 1728, 4to. Treat, on Biliary Concretions, 1757, 8vo 
 Coelson, Launcelot. Almanacks, &c., 1656, '81, '84 
 Coffey, Charles, d. 1745, an Irish dramatic writer 
 altered a number of plays, of which The Devil to Pay, o 
 the Wives Metamorphosed, was a great favourite, chiefly 
 on account of the character of " Nell." 
 
 Coffin, J. G., M.D., of Boston, Mass., d. 1829, age 
 59. Cold and Warm Bathing, 1818, 12mo. Medical Edu 
 cation, 1822. 
 
 Coffin, Joshua. See LONGFELLOW, HENRY WADS- 
 WORTH. 
 
 Coffin, Major Pine. Stutterheim's account of th 
 Battle of Austerlitz; trans, from the French, 1806, 8vo. 
 
 Coffin, Robert S., 1797 F-1857, of Brunswick, Maine 
 
 the self-styled "Boston Bard." Poems, 1826. 
 
 Cogan, E. Serms., Ac., 1789-1817. 
 
 Cogan, G. Test, of Richard Brothers, 1795, 8vo. 
 
 Cogan, Henry. The Scarlet Gown: Cardinals o 
 
 Rome, Lon., 1653, 8vo. The Voyage and Adventures o 
 
 Ferdinand Mendez Pinto during his Twenty-One Years 
 
 Travel in Ethiopia, China, Tartaria, Japan, Ac.; done ink 
 
 English by H. C., Lon., 1633, fol. Cervantes calls Pint 
 
 " The Prince of Liars." 
 
 Cogan, Thomas, an English physician, d. 1607, Fe] 
 low of Oriel College, Oxford, 1563. The Haven of Health 
 made for the Comfort of Students ; with a Censure of th 
 late Sickness at Oxford, Ac., Lon., 1586, 4to, and 1589, '96 
 1605, '12. Cogan wrote some other pieces. See Athen. Oxon 
 26 
 
 COK 
 
 Cogan, Thomas, an English physician and divine, 
 . 1818, resided much of his time in Holland. The Rhine, 
 r a Journey from Utrecht to Frankfort, 1791, '92, Lon., 
 794, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " The style of this work is lively and interesting : its pictures of 
 manners and scenery good; and it contains a learned disquisition 
 m the origin of printing." STEVENSON : Voyages and Travels. 
 
 A Philosophical Treatise on the Passions, Lon., 1800, 8vo ; 
 an Ethical ditto, Bath, 1807-10, 8vo. 
 
 " Dr. Cogan an adept on the subject of morals." ion. Man. Rev. 
 The Works of Camper, trans, from the Dutch, Lon., 1794, 
 4to. Theolog. Disquisitions, Lon., 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Cogerhall, Henry. Timher Measure and Gauging, 
 Lon., 1677, 8vo. 
 
 Coggeshall, Capt. George, of Connecticut, h. 1784. 
 Voyages to various parts of the World, made 1799-1844, 
 New York, 1851, '52, 2 vols. 8vo. History of the American 
 Privateers, and Letters of Marque, during our War with 
 England, 1812, '13, and '14, 8vo : Illustrated. Religious 
 and Miscellaneous Poetry. 
 
 Coggeshall, Wm. T., b. 1824, in Penna. Easy 
 Warren and his Contemporaries, 12mo, N. Y. Spirit Rap 
 ping, Gin., 1851, 12mo. Ed. Genius of the West. Has 
 ontributed largely to Periodical Literature. 
 
 Coggeshalle, Ralph, d. about 1228, an English 
 Monk and Historian. His principal work is A History of 
 the Holy Land, pub. in 1729 in vol. v. of the Amplissima 
 Collectio veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum ; in which 
 are two other works of his : 1. Chronicou Anglicanum ab 
 anno 1066 ad annum 1200, and 2. Libellus de Motibus An- 
 glicanis sub Johanne Rege. 
 
 Coghlan, Lucius, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1810, 8vo. 
 Coghlan, R. B. Apology for Catholic Faith, Ac., 
 1779, 12ino. 
 
 Coglan, Thomas. Mnemonics, Lon.", 1813, 8vo. 
 Cogswell, James, D.D.. 1720-1807, of Connecticut 
 Funeral Serm. on S. Williams, 1776; 2d ed., 1806. 
 
 Cogswell, Joseph Green, LL.D., b. in Ipswich, 
 Mass.; grad. at Harvard College, 1806; was Professor of 
 Mineralogy and Geology in his alma mater, and Librarian 
 in the same institution, from 1821 to '23. In 1823, in con 
 nexion with Mr. George Bancroft, he established the Round 
 Hill School at Northampton, Mass., and, after Mr. Bancroft's 
 retirement in 1830, continued it by himself until 1836. In 
 1848 he was appointed Superintendent of the Astor Library, 
 (in accordance with the expressed wish of the founder,) 
 an office for which his remarkable attainments in Biblio 
 graphy eminently qualify him. Dr. Cogswell has been a 
 contributor to Blackwood's Mag., the N. Amer. Rev., the 
 Monthly Anthology, and the N. York Rev., (ed. by him for 
 several years before its termination in 1842.) He is now 
 employed upon a Catalogue of the Astor Library, to be 
 comprised in 8 vols. r. 8vo : Authors and Books, 4 vols. j 
 Subjects, 4 vols. : vols. i. and ii. were pub. 1857-58. 
 
 Cogswell, William. Christian Philanthropist, Bost, 
 1839, 12mo. Other theological publications. 
 
 Cohen, Bernard. Compendium of the Finances of 
 Great Britain and other Countries, Lon., 1822, r. 8vo. 
 
 Cohen, L. Sacred Truths addressed to the Children 
 of Israel in the Brit. Empire, 1808, 12mo. 
 
 Cohen, Moses. Serm. on Prov. xx. 10, 1761, 4to. 
 Cohen, William. Seventh ed. of Fairman's Funds 
 trans, at the Bk. of England, Lon., 1824, 8vo. 
 
 Coilzear, Rauf. The Taill of Rauf Coilzear, how 
 he harbreit King Charlis Sanctandrois be Robert Lekpreuik, 
 1572, 4to. Reprinted in Select Remains of the Ancient 
 Popular Poetry of Scotland ; and at Edin., 1821. 
 
 Coit, Thos. Winthrop, b. N. London, Conn.; grad. 
 Yale Coll., 1821 ; Prof. Trin. Coll. ; Pres. Transylvania Univ. 
 Theological Common-Place Book, 1832, '57, 4to. Remarks 
 on Norton's Statement of Reasons, 1833, 8ro. Bible in Para 
 graphs and Parallelisms, 1834, 12mo : see Home's Bibl. Bib., 
 88. Townsend's Chronological Bible, 1837, '38, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Puritanism ; or, A Churchman's Defence against its As 
 persions, 1844, 12mo. Contrib. Ch. Rev., Churchman, <fec. 
 Cokain, Cockaine, Cockayn, Cokaine, or Co- 
 kayne, Sir Aston, 1608-1684, a native of Elvaston, 
 Derbyshire, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. 
 The Obstinate Lady; a Comedy, Lon., 1657, 12mo. Trappo- 
 lin, 1658, 12mo. Small Poems. A Chaine of Golden Poems, 
 Ac., 1658. Poems, 1662 ; sold at Sotheby's for 7. Choice 
 Poems, 1669; Bindley's sale, 3 17. Ovid, 1669. See 
 notices of this author in' the British Bibliographer, vol. ii., 
 by Sir Egerton Brydges. 
 
 "His days seem to have been passed between his bottle, his books, 
 and his rhymes. . . . His mind appears to have been much culti 
 vated with learning; and it is clear that he possessed considerable 
 talents : but he exhibits scarcely any marks of genius." Ubi supra. 
 
COK 
 
 '* His poems may perhaps be consulted with advantage by those ' 
 who search after anecdotes of contemporary characters." Ettis's 
 Specimens. 
 
 The following is so conclusive an evidence of the good i 
 taste of Sir Aston, that we quote it to his credit, and for i 
 the benefit of our readers. After reviewing the claims of 
 the various attractions which the world offers to its votaries, 
 he thus announces his own preference: 
 
 " Give me a study of good books, and I 
 Envy to none their hugg'd felicity." 
 
 Cokaine, or Cockaine, Sir Thomas. A Short 
 Treatise on Hunting, Lon., 1591, 4to. 
 Cokayne, George. See COCKAYN. 
 Cokayne, William. The Foundation of Prudence 
 Vindicated, Lon., 1649, 4to. 
 
 Coke. Circumcision of Mustapha, Lon., 1676, fol. Re 
 printed in Harleian Miscellany, vol. v. 
 
 Coke, Sir Edward, 1551-52-1632, a native of Mile- 
 ham, Norfolk, was entered of Trinity College, Cambridge, 
 in 1567; became a member of the Inner Temple in 1572; 
 and was called to the Bar in 1578. In 1593 he was elected i 
 a Member of Parliament for Norfolk, and was chosen | 
 Speaker of the House of Commons. In 1594 he was ap- i 
 pointed Attorney-General, notwithstanding the strenuous j 
 effort of the Earl of Essex to secure the vacant post for 
 Francis Bacon. Hence arose the enmity which existed 
 between Coke and Bacon. In 1598 he was left a widower, 
 and in the same year married the widow of Sir William 
 Hatton, a grand-daughter of Lord High Treasurer Burleigh. 
 Upon the accession of James I., Coke received the honour 
 of knighthood. In 1603 he conducted the proceedings 
 against Sir Walter Raleigh, and incurred merited censure 
 for his professional insolence. In 1606 he was promoted 
 to the Chief Justiceship of the Common Pleas, and in 1613 
 to the Chief Justiceship of the King's Bench. His resist 
 ance to the arbitrary and illegal acts of the king brought 
 down upon him the royal displeasure, and in 1622 he was 
 committed to the Tower, and there imprisoned for more 
 than seven months. In 1625 he was returned to Parliament 
 for Norfolk, and in 1629 represented the county of Buck 
 ingham. Though now in his 79th year, an attack upon 
 the constitutional rights of Englishmen proved that his 
 eagle eye, jealous in the cause of liberty, was not too dim 
 to decipher the imperishable lines of Magna Charta, and 
 that his " natural strength was not abated" in the cham 
 pionship of political freedom. At the close of this session 
 he retired to his estate at Stoke Pogis, where he devoted 
 himself to literary pursuits until the coming of that " night 
 when no man can work." Repeating with his last breath 
 the solemn invocation " Thy kingdom come, thy will be 
 done," he resigned his soul to his Maker on the 3d of Sep 
 tember, 1632, and was buried at Titeshall Church in Nor 
 folk. His principal works are Reports from 1600 to 1615. 
 1. A Book of Entries, 1614, fol. 2. Complete Copyholder, 
 1630, 4to. 3. A Treatise of Bail and Mainprise, 1637, 4to. 
 4. Reading on the Statute of Fines, 27 Edw. I., 1662, 4to. 
 The work by which as a writer he is principally known to 
 the present generation, and will be famous for all future 
 ages, is Institutes of the Laws of England, in four parts, 
 the first of which contains the Commentary on Littleton's 
 Tenures,(1628,) the second, a Commentary on Magna Charta 
 and other statutes, (1642,) the third, the Criminal Laws, 
 or Pleas of the Crown, (1664,) and the fourth, an Account 
 of the Jurisdiction of all the Courts in the Kingdom, (about 
 1644.) The first part of the Institutes, or Coke upon Lit- 
 tleton,has been styled "The Bible of the Law." We can 
 hardly do justice to our subject without noticing this cele 
 brated Commentary somewhat at length. The edits, from 
 the 1st to the 14th were pub. in folio ; those pub. subse 
 quently are in octavo. Edit. 1st, 1628, is very incorrect; 
 2d, 1629, had the advantage of the author's revision; 
 14th edit., with Notes, References, Ac. by F. HARGRAVE 
 and C. BUTLER, (q. .) 1789 ; to folio 195 by Hargrave, and 
 from 196 to the end by Butler; 17th edit., with addit. notes 
 by Charles Butler, 2 vols. 8vo; 18th ed., 1823,2 vols. 8vo, 
 and 1832, 2 vols. 8vo, are reprints of the 17th edit, with 
 some addits. from Butler and Hargrave's Notes. (See arti 
 cle Coke in Marvin's Legal Bibl.) Thomas's Arrangement 
 can hardly be called an edit, of Coke. American edits. 
 Phila., by Thomas Day, 1812, 3 vols. 8vo ; this is a reprint 
 with some addits. by the American editor, of the 15th Lon 
 don edit. Phila., beautifully printed by R. H. Small from 
 the 19th London edit., 1853, 2 vols. 8vo. We trust that 
 the publication of this very cheap and excellent edit, will 
 have a tendency to increase the study of Coke upon Little 
 ton by our young lawyers. Although belonging to the lay 
 class, we feel a deep interest that those who are intrusted 
 to so large an extent with the conservation of the interests 
 402 
 
 COK 
 
 of society should become deeply imbued with the wisdom 
 and the courage of those mighty men of old, who in the 
 advocacy of what they knew to be right, treated with equal 
 contempt the wrath of the king and the rage of the popu 
 lace. When the judges were questioned, whether if the 
 king should desire them to stay proceedings in any case 
 before them, until he had consulted with them, they would 
 consent to such interference, all answered in the affirmative, 
 until it came to the turn of the stout Lord Chief Justice 
 Coke, who courageously responded that, 
 
 " When that case should be, he would do that should be fit for 
 a judge to do." 
 
 Did any freeman ever make a bolder answer, and did 
 any lawyer ever make a wiser one ? We shall quote a few 
 from the many testimonies we might adduce to the value 
 of the professional labours of this great ornament of the 
 Bench and the Bar: 
 
 " His most learned and laborious works on the law will last to 
 be admired by judicious posterity whilst Fame hath a trumpet left 
 her. and any breath to blow therein. His judgment lately passed 
 for an oracle in law ; and if, since, the credit thereof hath care 
 lessly been questioned, the wonder is not great. If the prophet 
 himself, living in an incredulous age, found cause to complain, 
 'Who hath believed our report?' it need not seem strange that 
 our licentious times have afforded some to shake the authenti- 
 calness of the ' reports' of any earthly judge." Fuller's Worthies of 
 Norfolk. 
 
 Lord Bacon, whilst praising Coke's large and fruitful 
 mind, complains (though not with reference to his Com 
 mentary) of his habit of straying from his text : 
 
 " When you wander, as you often delight to do, you wander in 
 deed, and give never such satisfaction as the curious time requires. 
 This is not caused by any natural defect, but first for want of elec 
 tion, when you have a large and fruitful mind, which should not 
 so much labour what to speak, as to find what to leave unspoken." 
 LORD BACON : Letter to Ooke. 
 
 This desultory habit is very perceptible in the commen 
 tary upon Littleton : 
 
 " The Institutes of Sir Edward Coke are unfortunately as defi 
 cient in method as they are rich in matter ; at least the two first 
 parts of them; wherein, acting only the part of a commentator, 
 he hath thrown together an infinite treasure of learning in a loose, 
 desultory order." S T R WILLIAM BLACKSTONE. 
 
 This want of method induced Mr. J. H. Thomas to pre 
 pare a Systematic Arrangement of the Commentary, on the 
 Plan of Sir Matthew Hale's Analysis, Lon., 1818, 3 vols. 
 8vo. American edit, Phila., 1836, 3 vols., 8vo. We can 
 not recommend this Arrangement in place of the original 
 to the legal student We agree with Judge Sharswood : 
 
 " It may be that the original wants method; but the life and 
 spirit of it are lost when it is hacked to pieces to be refitted to 
 gether upon a new and different skeleton." 
 
 For notices of Coke's Reports, <fcc., we refer the reader to 
 the works mentioned below. 
 
 " A knowledge of ancient legal learning is absolutely necessary 
 to a modern lawyer. Sir Edward Coke's Commentary upon Lit 
 tleton is an immense repository of every thing that is most neces 
 sary or useful in the legal learning of ancient times. Were it not 
 for his writings, we should still have to search for it in the vo 
 luminous and chaotic compilations of cases contained in the Year 
 Books, or in the dry, though valuable abridgments of Statham, 
 Fitzberbert, Brooke, and Rolle. Every person who has attempted 
 it must be sensible how very difficult and disgusting it is to pur 
 sue a regular investigation of any point of law through these 
 works. The writings of Coke have considerably abridged, if not 
 entirely taken away, the necessityof this labour." CHARLES BUTLER. 
 
 Mr. Butler, who declares that he is the best lawyer who 
 best understands Coke upon Littleton, did much to increase 
 the general usefulness of Coke : 
 
 " One cannot help observing how much the annotations of Mr. 
 Butler excel those of his predecessor, Mr. Hargrave, both in suc 
 cinctness of order, comprehensiveness of style, and elegance of 
 diction." HAWKSHEAD. 
 
 But Mr. Martin dissents from this judgment: 
 
 " Butlers notes, though deservedly esteemed, were confessedly 
 too hastily prepared to reach the high standard of his predecessor. 
 His knowledge appears to have been more various than profound." 
 See Mart. Conv. ; Bart. Com. ; and Ritso's Introduction. 
 
 " Sir Edward Coke that great oracle of our law." EDMUND 
 BURKE : Reflections on the Revolution in France. 
 
 " To Coke's opinion I must attribute more than to any single 
 opinion of any judge. No one man hath deserved so well of the 
 professors of the law ; no one man in any human profession hath 
 written so much and with so few errors as he." SIR ORLANDO 
 BRIPGMAN. 
 
 We may properly conclude this article with the opinions 
 of some eminent American Jurists : 
 
 "The Commentary ought to be studied and mastered by every 
 lawyer who means to be well acquainted with the reasons and 
 grounds of the law, and to adorn the noble science he professes." 
 CHANCELLOR KENT. 
 
 " His favourite law-book was the Coke upon Littleton, which he 
 had read many times. Its principal texts he had treasured up m 
 his memory, and his arguments at the bar abounded with per 
 petual recurrences to the principles and analogies drawn from this 
 rich mine of common law learning." Wheaton's Life of Pinkney. 
 
 ' Let not the American student of law suppose that the same 
 necessity does not here exist, as in England, to make this 'golden 
 
COK 
 
 COL 
 
 book' his principal guide in the real law. All precedent in this 
 country contradicts such an idea. The present generation of dis 
 tinguished lawyers, as well as that which has just passed away 
 have given ample proofs of their familiarity with the writings of 
 Lord Coke; and our numerous volumes of reports daily illustrate 
 that, with trivial exceptions, what is the law of real property a 
 Westminster Hall is equally so in the various tribunals through 
 out our extensive country." Hoffman's Legal Study. 
 
 " The work is one which cannot be too highly prized or too ear 
 nestly recommended to the diligent study of all who wish to be 
 well grounded in legal principles. For myself, I agree with Mr 
 Butler in the opinion that he is the best lawyer who best under 
 stands Coke upon Littleton." JUDGE SHARSWOOD. 
 
 See also Johnson's Life of Coke, 1845, 2 vols. 8vo; War 
 ren's Law Studies ; Petersdorff '& Com. ; Marvin's Lega 
 Bibl.; Biog. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Manual; Lodge's Il 
 lustrations ; Bridgman's Legal Bibl. ; The Retrospective 
 Review; Roger Coke's (grandson of Lord Coke) Detection 
 of the Court and State of England. 
 
 Coke, Georgius Henricus. Historia Principum 
 Anhaltinorum, Jenae, 1686, 4to. 
 
 Coke, John. The Debate betwene the Heraldes of 
 Englande and Fraunce, Lon., 1550, 16mo. The debate 
 turns upon a question propounded by Lady Prudence 
 
 "Which realme christened is most worthy to be ap 
 proached to honoure ?" 
 
 The decision, of course, is in favour of " Englande." 
 Coke, John. Sylloge variorum Tractatum, &c., 1649, 
 4to; refers to the murder of King. Charles I. 
 
 Coke, John, M.D. Treatise on Poisons, Lon., 1770, 
 12mo. 
 
 Coke, Roger, grandson of Sir Edward Coke. Justice 
 Vindicated, Lon., 1660, fol. How the Navigation may be 
 Encreased, Ac., 1675, 4to. 
 
 " Though wrong in his suppositions respecting the state of the 
 cfcuntry, Mr. Coke recommended several measures fitted to promote 
 its improvement." McCutloch's Lit. of Polit. Economy ; where see 
 other treatises of Coke's noticed. 
 
 A Detection of the Court and State of England, 1694, 2 
 vols.; 1719, 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 " A sort of secret history, engaging to an Englishman, naturally 
 inquisitive, curious, and greedy of scandal." 
 Coke, Thomas. Serm., Prov. xxi. 6, 1773, Svo. 
 Coke, Thomas, LL.D., 1747-1814, an eminent Wes- 
 leyan missionary, a native of Brecon, South Wales, was 
 educated at Jesus College, Oxford. In 1780 he was ap 
 pointed by John Wesley superintendent of the London 
 district. In 1784 he visited America, and made altogether 
 nine voyages to the United States and the West Indies for 
 missionary purposes. In December 1813, he sailed for 
 Ceylon with six preachers, and was found dead in his cabin, 
 May 3, 1814. His untiring zeal for the advancement of 
 religion is worthy of all imitation. Besides some extracts 
 from his Journal, &c., he pub. (in conjunction with Henry 
 Moore) a Life of John Wesley, Lon., 1792, Svo. His 
 principal work is A Commentary on the Old and New 
 Testaments, Lon., 1803, 6 vols. 4to. 
 
 " This is a sensibly written work ; but neither critical nor very 
 profound. After the exposition, which is itself rather practical 
 than exegetical, there follows what he calls inferences, and, last 
 of all, refactions. Every thing important in the work might have 
 been put into half the size." ORME : Bill. Bib. 
 
 " It is in the main a reprint of the work of Dr. Dodd, with seve 
 ral retrenchments and some unimportant additions. Though the 
 major part of the notes, and even the dissertations of Dr. Dodd are 
 here republished without the author's name, yet all the marginal 
 readings and parallel texts are entirely omitted." DR. ADAM 
 CLARKE. 
 
 Coke, Thomas W., Earl of Leicester. Ad 
 dresses to the Freeholders of Norfolk, 1802. 
 Coke, Zachary. The Art of Logic, Lon., 1654, 4to 
 Coker, John. 1. Remarks. 2. Reflections, Ac., 1806, 
 '10 ; political pieces. 
 
 Coker, Matthew. A Whip of Small Cords to scourge 
 Antichrist, Lon., 1654, 4to. 
 " The writer was evidently a wild enthusiast." 
 A Prophetical Revelation from God, 1654, 4to. 
 Coker, N. Survey of Dorsetshire, Lon., 1732, fol. 
 " This Survey appears to have been finished in the latter end of 
 James I.'s reign." DR. WATT. 
 " A very incorrect and imperfect work." LOWNDES. 
 Coker, Thomas. Sermon, 1721, Svo. 
 Colbatch. Account of the Court of Portugal under 
 the Reign of Don Pedro II., 1700, Svo. 
 
 Colbatch, John, a London surgeon, wrote several 
 medical treatises, vindicating the theory that disease in 
 the system arises principally from an excess of the alka 
 lies in the blood and humours. He liberally administered 
 acids to his patients. Collection of Med. and Chir. Tracts 
 Lon., 1700, Svo. 
 
 Colbatch, John* D.D. Theolog. Treatises, Cainb., 
 1718-41. 
 ' Colbeck, Joseph, Jun. Poems, 1813. 
 
 Colbert, Jnn. The Age of Paper ; or an Essay on 
 Banks and Banking, Lon., Svo. 
 
 Colborne, Robert. English Dispensatory, 1753, Svo. 
 Colburne. Discourse upon the Catalogue of Doctors 
 of God's Church, shewing the Succession of the Church. 
 1589, Svo. 
 
 Colby, H. G. O. Practice in Civil Actions and Pro 
 ceedings at Law in Massachusetts, Boston, 1848, Svo. 
 
 " A familiar acquaintance with practice is one of the most strik 
 ing and indispensable qualifications of an accomplished lawyer. 
 It teaches him how to handle his weapons." 
 Colby, John. Sermons, 1732, 12mo. 
 Colby, Samuel. Sermons, 1708, '09. 
 Colby, Capt. Thomas, and Lt. Col. William 
 Mudge. Account of the Operations for accomplishing 
 the Trigonometrical Survey of England and Wales, 1800- 
 08, Lon., 1799-1811, 3 vols. 4to. 
 Colchester, Lord. See ABBOT, CHARLES. 
 Colclough, George. Repentance, Lon., 157-, 12mo. 
 Colden, Alexander. Examination of the New Doc 
 trines in Philosophy and Theology of Priestley, Lon., 
 1793, Svo. 
 
 Colden, Cadwallader, 1688-1776, a Scotch physi 
 cian, educated at Edinburgh, emigrated to Pennsylvania 
 about 1708. In 1718 he removed to New York, and was 
 made Lieutenant Governor in 1761, and again in 1775. 
 He practised medicine in early life, and pub. a treatise on 
 the Yellow Fever, which prevailed in New York in 1743. 
 He was a zealous botanist, and his description of between 
 300 and 400 American plants was pub. in the Acta Upsa- 
 liensia, (1743.) The establishment of the American Philo 
 sophical Society, located at Philadelphia, was chiefly owing 
 to his suggestions. Dr. Franklin and Colden communi 
 cated to each other their experiments in Natural Philoso 
 phy. The History of the five Indian Nations depending 
 upon New York, New York, 1727, Svo; reprinted with the 
 2d part and large addits., in 1747, Lon., Svo. 
 
 "In the reprint, the dedication, which was originally to Go 
 vernor, Burnet, is transferred by the London publisher to General 
 Oglethorpe. Mr. Colden complained of this, as well as of some 
 additions [several Indian treaties] which were made to the London 
 edition without his knowledge or consent." RICH : Americana 
 Bibliotheca Nova. 
 
 The 3d edit, was pub. in London in 1755, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 A work on Gravitation, <fcc, New York, 1745, Svo ; Lon., 
 1752, 4to. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1755. See Amer. 
 Museum, iii. 53-59 ; Rees ; Conduct of C. Colden, Esq., 
 relating to the Judges' Commissions, &c.j Allen's Amer. 
 Biog. Diet.; Encycl. Amer. 
 
 Colden, Cadwallader D. Life of Robert Fulton, 
 New York, 1817, Svo. See a severe critique upon this work 
 in the London Quarterly Review, xix. 347. 
 
 " Although our readers may be inclined to give us credit for 
 some knowledge of our transatlantic brethren, yet we can honestly 
 assure them we were not quite prepared for such a sally as this of 
 Cadwallader Colden, Esq." Ubi supra. 
 
 Cole. English and Latin Dictionary, 1677, 4to. 
 Cole. Oratio de Ridiculo, Lon., 1811, 4to. 
 Cole, Abdiah. The Rational Physician's Library, 
 Lon., 1661, fol. 
 
 Cole, Benj. Map of 20 Miles round Oxford, 4to. 
 Cole, Christian. Triumphant Augustus; a Poem on 
 is Majesty's Return, Lon., 1695, 4to. Memoirs of Affairs 
 f State, 1697-1707, Lon., 1723, fol. 
 
 Cole, Charles Nalson, 1722-1804, educated at St. 
 Tohn's College, Cambridge. Laws rel. to Bedford Level 
 orporation, Lon., 1761, Svo; 1803, Svo. An ed. of Dug- 
 dale's Embanking of Fens and Marshes, <fec., 1772, fol. 
 Works of Soame Jenyns, 1790, 4 vols. Svo. 
 
 Cole, Francis. Prologue and Epilogue to a Comedy, 
 <fec., Lon., 1642. See Restituta, iv. 263. 
 
 Cole, Henry, d. 1579, a learned Roman Catholic di 
 vine, Perpetual Fellow of New College, Oxford, 1523 
 'rebendary of St. Paul's, 1540; Provost of Eton, 1554! 
 disputation with Cranmer and Ridley at Oxford, 1554. 
 funeral Serm. at the burning of Cranmer. See Fox's 
 Acts and Monuments. Letters to Bishop Jewel, Lon., 
 .560, Svo. (In Jewel's Works.) Letters to Bishop Jew- 
 il, An Answer, &c., will be found in Burnet's Hist, of the 
 leformation. 
 
 "Job. Leland the antiquary was Dr. Cole's acquaintance and 
 taving had experience of his learning, hath eternized his memory 
 mong other learned men of our nation and of his time, in his 
 )ook of Encomia's to which the curious readeV may recur if he 
 ilease, wherein he'll find a just character of this our author Dr. 
 !ole and his learning." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Cole, Henry. Popular Geology Subversive of Divine 
 levelation : a Letter to Rev. Adam Sedgwick, Lon., 1834, 
 !vo. Luther's Com. on the Psalms ; now first trans, into 
 English, 1837, 12mo. 
 
COL 
 
 COL 
 
 w In this summary Commentary the godly reader will see how 
 blessedly this great man opened and taught the word of God." 
 
 Observations on our Public Schools, 1846, 8vo. 
 
 Cole, Henry, the promoter of the "Art Manufac 
 tures," and editor of the Journal of Design, has pub. seve 
 ral useful books under the name of FELIX SUMMERLT, 17. v. 
 
 Cole, James X., d. 1823, aged 24, a native of Ca- 
 nandaigua, pub', some fugitive poetry in the New York 
 Statesman, and in the Ontario Repository, under the signa 
 ture of Adrian. 
 
 Cole, John. Mathemat, Tracts, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Cole, John. Herveiania: illustrative of the Life and 
 Writings of Rev. James Hervey, 1822, '23, '26, 3 parts 8vo. 
 Bibliographical and Descriptive Tour from Scarborough, 
 Ac., 1824, 8vo. The Scarborough Repository, 1824, 8vo. ! 
 The Scarborough Album of History, 1825, p. 8vo. Cata- ] 
 logue of a Select Portion of his Collection of Books, 1825, [ 
 8vo. Hist, and Antiquities of Ecton, 1825, 8vo. Life, ! 
 Writings, &c. of Thomas Hinderwell, 1826, 8vo. Anti 
 quarian Trio, 1826, 8vo. Tour round Scarborough, 1826, 
 8vo. Book-Selling Spiritualized, 1826, 8vo. Hist, and 
 Antiq. of Weston Fovell, 1827, 8vo. Hist, and Antiq. of ! 
 Filey, 1828, 8vo. Catalogue of Standard Books, made ; 
 out on an entirely new plan, 12mo. Other works. See ' 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 Cole, John Webb. Commentary on the Prophecies 
 and the New Testament, Ac., Lon., 1826, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Cole, Josiah. Con. to Edin. Med. Ess., 1736. 
 
 Cole, Mary. Cookery, Confectionary, Ac., 1789, 8vo. 
 
 Cole, Nathaniel. Serms. and theolog. treatises, j 
 1615-33. 
 
 Cole, Robert. News from Ireland, Lon., 1642, 4to. 
 
 Cole, T. Account of fat Mr. Bright, Phil. Trans., 1751. 
 
 Cole, Thomas. Serm. against Anabaptists, Lon., 
 1553, 8vo. 
 
 Cole, Thomas, Archd. of Essex. Serm., Lon., 1564. 
 
 Cole, Thomas, d. 1697, student of Christ Church, 
 Oxford; Principal of St. Mary's Hall, 1656; ejected for 
 Nonconformity, 1660; Tutor to John Locke. Three of 
 his serms. are in the Morning Exercises. Discourse of Re 
 generation, Faith, and Repentance, Lon., 1689. 
 
 " Highly evangelical and judicious." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 Cole, Thomas. Sermons, 1683, '90, '93. 
 
 Cole, Thomas. British Herring-Fishery, Lon., 1753. 
 
 Cole, Thomas. Discourses. Poems, Lon., 1762, '95, '97. 
 
 Cole, Thomas, 1801-1847, artist and author, b. 
 in Lancashire, Eng.; settled in the U.S., 1819. The Spirit 
 of the Wilderness; a Dramatic Poem, MS., 1835. See Eulogy 
 by Wm. C. Bryant, and Life and Works, by his friend, Rev. 
 L. L. Noble, N.Y., 1855, 12mo. 
 
 Cole, William. The Irish Cabinet, Lon., 1645, fol. 
 
 Cole, William, 1628-1662, an English botanist, en 
 tered of Merton College. Oxford, 1642; secretary to Duppa, 
 Bishop of Winchester, 1660. The Art of Simpling, Lon., 
 1656, 12mo. Adam in Eden, or Nature's Paradise : the 
 Hist, of Plants, Herbs, and Flowers, 1657, fol. This work 
 was a favourite in its day. 
 
 " Cole became the most famous simpler or botanist of his time." 
 
 Cole, William, M.D., graduated at Oxford, 1666, 
 practised at Bristol. De Secretione Animali Cogitati, 
 Oxon., 1674, 8vo. Purpurea Anglicana ; on a Fish found 
 near the Severn, Lon., 1689, 4to. De Mechanica, Ac., 1693, 
 8vo. Treatise on Apoplexies, 1689, 8vo ; on Fevers, 1693, 
 8vo. Epilepsy, 1702, 8vo. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1676, '85. 
 
 Cole, William. Rod for the Lawyers, 1659, 4to. 
 
 Cole, William. Impris. for Debt, 1680, 4to. 
 
 Cole, William, 1714-1782, an eminent antiquary and 
 a divine, a native of Cambridgeshire, was educated at Clare 
 Hall and King's College, Cambridge; F.S.A., 1747; Rec 
 tor of Hornsey, 1749 ; of Bletchley, 1767 ; Vicar of Burn- 
 ham, 1774. In 1765 he accompanied his friend Horace 
 Walpole to France, and had some thoughts of a permanent 
 residence there; probably in consequence of his partiality 
 for the Roman Catholic religion. He was an industrious 
 
 Gentlemen's Society at Spalding; Nichols's Collection of 
 Poems ; Anecdotes of Hogarth ; History of Hinkley ; Life 
 of Bowyer, Ac. He was a zealous collector of portraits, 
 and the letters between Horace Walpole and himself are 
 sufficiently amusing, especially that relating to the " Alge- 
 rine Hog," who carried off " 187 of my most valuable and 
 favourite heads." The following extracts from two of the 
 letters of these friends will not be unacceptable to the 
 reader : 
 
 " My poor dear Madame du Deffand's little dog is arrived. She 
 made me promise to take care of it, the last time I saw her, should 
 404 
 
 I survive her. That I will, most religiously, and make it as happy 
 as it is possible." Horace. Walpole to Cole, May 4, 1781. 
 
 " I congratulate the little Parisian dog that he has fallen into 
 the hands of so humane a master. I have a little diminutive dog, 
 Busy, full as great a favourite, and never out of my lap. I have 
 already, in case of an accident, ensured it a refuge from starvation 
 and ill usage. It is the least we can do for poor harmless, shiftless, 
 pampered animals, that have amused us, and we have spoilt." 
 Cole to Walpole, May 7, 1781. 
 
 " How could be ever bare got through the transcript of a Bishop's 
 Register or a Chartulary, with Busy on his lap?" See Nichols's 
 Literary Anecdotes. 
 
 Cole made large MS. Collections for the compilation of 
 an Athenae Cantabrigienses. We have already strenuously 
 insisted upon the preparation of a work of this kind, (see 
 BAKER, THOMAS, Ac.,) and never intend to be satisfied 
 until such an one we have ! Cole also collected towards a 
 county history of Cambridge, and seems to have commenced 
 both this and the preceding compilation as early as 1724. 
 His "purposes were not broken off in the midst," but like 
 THOMAS BAKER'S (q. v.) delayed until death would wait 
 no longer. He left 100 small folio volumes of MSS., more 
 than 50 of which relate to his projected Athenae. In a fit 
 of despondency respecting the completion of his labours, 
 he thus laments : 
 
 " In good truth, whoever undertakes this drudgery of an Athenae 
 Cantabrigienses must be contented with no prospect of credit and 
 reputation to himself, and with the mortifying reflection that after 
 all his pains and study, through life, he must be looked upon in 
 an humble light, and only as a journeymen to Anthony Wood, 
 whose excellent book of the same sort will ever preclude any other, 
 who shall follow him in the same track, from all hopes of fame ; and 
 will only represent him as an imitator of so original a pattern, for 
 at this time of day, all great characters, both Cantabrigians and 
 Oxonians, are already published to the world, either in his book, 
 or various others ; so that the collection, unless the same characters 
 are reprinted here, must be made up of second-rate persons, and 
 the refuse of authorship. However, as I have begun, and made 
 so large a progress in this undertaking, it is death to think of leav 
 ing it off, though, from the former considerations, so little credit 
 is to be expected from it." Quoted by Disraeli from a fly-leaf of 
 1777. See Miscellanies of Literature. 
 
 Now, no one could better confute this sophistry than Cole 
 could, and did himself by his protracted labours. When 
 will some Cambridge man, endued with the spirit of John 
 Caius, vide De Antiquitate Cantabrigienses Academicse, 
 arise to take away the reproach from his alma mater? 
 
 Cole, William. Nature of Light, Col., 1777, 8vo. 
 
 Cole, William. Key to the Psalms, Camb., 1788, 
 
 vo. Poems, Ac., 1790, '96, '99. Con. to Archseol., 1789 : 
 
 The Horns given by Henry I. to the Cathedral of Carlisle. 
 
 Cole, William, D.D., Preb. Westminster. Serm., 1798, 
 
 Cole,Williain. Conversations on Algebra,] 818,12mo. 
 
 Colebrook, Sir George. Letters on Intolerance, 
 Lon., 1791, 8vo. 
 
 Colebrook, Josiah. Antiquarian, Astronom., and 
 Medical Con. to Archaeol.,1772, '76; Phil. Trans., 1759. 
 Colebrooke,Henrietta. Thoughts of Rousseau,17S8. 
 
 Colebrooke, Henry Thomas, 1765-1837, an 
 eminent Oriental scholar, settled in India in 1782, and 
 held many high positions there. He completed the Digest 
 of the Hindu Law on Contracts and Successions, from the 
 Original Sanscrit, which was left unfinished by the death 
 of Sir William Jones, Calcutta, 1797, 3 vols. 8vo; Lon., 
 1801, 3 vols. 8vo. 2. Collection of Compositions in Sans 
 crit, Ac., Calcutta, 1804, 4to. 3. Grammar of the Sanscrit 
 Language, Calcutta, 1805, fol. 4. Dictionary of the Sans 
 crit Language, Calcutta,* 1808, 4to. Also several other 
 Oriental works, and many contributions Oriental, scien 
 tific, and literary. 5. Remarks on the Husbandry and In 
 ternal Commerce of Bengal, Lon., 1806, 8vo. 
 
 " Notwithstanding the lapse of nearly half a century since its 
 publication, Mr. Colebrooke's account of the husbandry and internal 
 commerce of Bengal continues to be by far the best and most trust 
 worthy work on the subject." McCuLLOCH : Lit. of Polit. Econ. 
 
 Miscellaneous Essays, Lon., 1837, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Colebrooke, Robert. On Barren Island and its 
 Volcano : Trans, of the Soc. of Bengal, iv. 397. 
 
 Coleeber. Existence and Nature of God, 1718, 8vo. 
 
 Coleire, Richard, of Isleworth. Serms., 1708^t5. 
 
 Coleman. Letters to M. Le Chaise, 1678, 4to. 
 
 Coleman, Benjamin. Serms., 1717, '28, '35. 
 
 Coleman, Charles. Satirical Peerage of England, 
 1784, 4to. 
 
 Coleman, Charles. Serms., 1817, 8vo. 
 
 Coleman, Charles. Mythology of the Hindus, Lon., 
 1832, 4to. Commended by Lon. Athn. 
 
 Coleman, Edward. Legacies; a Poem, Ac., 1679, fol. 
 
 Coleman, Edward. Foot of the Horse, 1798-1802, 
 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 "An esteemed work." LOWNDES. 
 
 Other veterinary, Ac. works, 1791, 1800, '01. 
 
 Coleman, J. N. Serms., Doct. and Pract., 1827, 8vo. 
 
COL 
 
 Colcman, John, D.D., b. 1803, at Baltimore, Md., an 
 Episcopal clergyman of great worth and talents, resident 
 in St. Louis. Editor of Faber's Difficulties of Roman 
 ism, with an Introductory Essay, Phila., 1840; of the 
 Episcopal Manual by Dr. Wilmer, with addits. and emen 
 dations, 1841. Contributions to various religious journals. 
 Editor of the Banner of the Cross, Phila., in conjunction 
 with the Rev. Frederick Ogilby. 
 
 Coleman, Lyman, D.D., born 1796, Mass., grad. 
 Yale Coll., after which, during three years, he was Princi 
 pal in the Latin Gram. School at Hartford ; was then more 
 than four years tutor in Yale Coll., where he studied theo 
 logy ; was pastor of a church in Belchertown, Mass., for 
 eeven years ; Principal of the Burr Seminary in Vermont 
 five years ; Principal of the English Department of Phillips 
 Academy in Andover; spent a year in study in Germany, 
 and in travel; Professor of German in Princeton Coll., 
 from which he received the degree of S.T.D. 1. Antiquities 
 of the Christian Church, (trans, from the German; pub. in 
 Ward's Library of Standard Divinity : see Williams's Christ. 
 Preacher.) 2. The Apostolical and Primitive Church, 12mo; 
 with an Introduc. Essay by Dr. Augustus Neander, Prof. 
 Univ. of Berlin. 
 
 " Its well digested, and rightly applied, learning, catholic spirit, 
 and comprehensive plan, cannot fail to place it among standard 
 works in its particular department, and to render it subservient to 
 the final triumph of Scriptural Christianity." JOHN HARRIS, D.D. 
 
 " It is too calm, judicious, and scholar-like a production to be 
 allowed to remain unanswered with safety." Lon. Quar. Review, 
 July, 1844. 
 
 3. Hist, Geog. of the Bible, Phila., 1850, 12mo, pp. 516. 
 4. Ancient Christianity, Phila., 1852, 8vo, pp. 645. 
 
 " It is the fruit of laborious and conscientious research. It is 
 based upon a diligent study of the sources of Christian archaeology ; 
 and it presents the results in a form better adapted to our practical 
 needs than any similar work. It is clear and also candid in its 
 statements." Bibliotheca Sacra, Jan. 1853. 
 
 " We know of no work in our language which contains the same 
 amount of information on the Antiquities of the Church. It is a 
 work which, we doubt not, will long remain without a rival in that 
 field." Princeton Review. 
 
 5. Historical Text-Book and Atlas of Biblical Geography, 
 Phila., 1854, r. 8vo; new ed., revised, with Appendix, 1859. 
 
 ' Dr. Coleman's style is easy, and adapted to the subject. As he 
 recapitulates and unfolds the statements of the Sacred writers, in 
 the form of a continuous narrative, the reader finds himself borne 
 along by the story, with unflagging interest, from beginning to 
 end, while so many new lights are thrown upon the subject from 
 the discoveries of modern research that he hardly remembers that 
 they are the same topics about which he has been reading and 
 hearing all his life." Christian Review. 
 
 Coleman, Thomas, 1598-1647, a Puritan divine, a 
 native of Oxford, was Vicar of Blyton, and subsequently 
 Rector of St. Peter's, Cornhill, London. Serins, and theo- 
 log. treatises, 1643-46. 
 
 Colenso, John William, Rector of Forncett St. 
 Mary, Norfolk. Works on Arithmetic, Algebra, and Plane 
 Trigonometry for schools, Lon. 
 
 Coleny, Thomas. England and other northern re 
 formed Countries reconciled to Rome, Coimbra, 1738, 8vo 
 
 Colepepper, J. S. Important Facts, 1793, 8vo. 
 
 Colepepyr, Robert. Proposals rel. to Harbours fol 
 
 Colepresse, S. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1667, Svo; 
 Chemistry, Magnetism, <fcc. 
 
 Coler, Richard. Christian Experience, 1652. ' 
 
 Coleraine, Henry Hare, Lord. La Scala Santa ; 
 a scale of Devotions upon the 15 Psalms of degrees Lon 
 1670, '81, fol. The situation of Paradise found out ' beinz 
 the History of a Late Pilgrimage to the Holy Land, 1683 
 "T ^T- 1 ' r h ^ S ^ e . attribu ted to Lord Coleraine. 
 Mr. Todd, in his Life of Milton, points this work out as 
 being the earliest that notices Milton's Paradise Lost 
 
 Coleridge, Rev. Derwent, son of Samuel Taylor 
 Coleridge, (q.v.;) b. 1800, and finished his education at 
 St. John's College, Cambridge; Prebendary of St. Paul's, 
 and Principal of St. Mark's College, Chelsea. The Scrip 
 tural Character of the English Church Considered: in a 
 Series of Serms., with Notes, Ac., Lon., 1839, 8vo. 
 
 ' Written exclusively for perusal, and arranged as a connected 
 whole." 
 
 Lay Serms. ; 3d ed., 1852. Ed. S. T. Coleridge's Dra 
 matic Works, 1852, 12mo. Notes on English Divines, 
 1853, 2 vols. 12mo. Poems by S. T. Coleridge, edited by I 
 Derwent and Sara Coleridge, 1852, 12mo. 
 
 Coleridge, Hartley, 1796-1849, eldest son of Samuel : 
 Taylor Coleridge, was educated at Oriel College, Oxford. ! 
 He lived a secluded life at Grasmere, and on the banks of 
 Rydal Water, contributing to Blackwood's Magazine, and i 
 occupied with other literary pursuits. He was a poet of ! 
 no ordinary excellence, and his sonnets are among the 
 best in modern literature. We may instance The First 
 
 COL 
 
 Sound to the Human Ear, and Prayer. Mr. Coleridge 
 pub. Biographia Borealis ; or, Lives of Distinguished North 
 men, 1833, 4to. Poems: vol. i., Leeds, 1833, 8vo. The 
 Worthies of Yorkshire and Lancashire, 1836, 8vo; new ed., 
 by Derwent Coleridge, Lon., 1852, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 "This collection of Lives is, in our judgment, a work of such 
 unusual merit, that it seems equally an act of justice to the 
 author, and a service to sound literature, to rescue it from the 
 mass of county histories and provincial biographies, with which, 
 in consequence of its title, it runs the risk of being confounded." 
 Quarterly Review. 
 
 " It is a book which has every title to be popular which a light 
 and interesting subject, singular fulness and variety of interesting 
 matter, and a playful brilliancy of execution, can give." Edin 
 burgh Review. 
 
 " As a poet Hartley Coleridge holds a more than respectable 
 rank. Some of his pieces are exquisitely beautiful, and there are 
 not many sonnets in the language more highly finished than his: 
 in these, indeed, his chief strength lies." Eng. Lit. IQth Century. 
 
 " Though we do not rank Hartley Coleridge with the greatest 
 poets, the most profound thinkers, or the most brilliant essayists, 
 yet we know of no single man who has left, as his legacy to the 
 world, at once poems so graceful, thoughts so just, and essays so 
 delectable." Frasers Mag.: reprinted in Living Age, xxx. 145. 
 Read this article. See an interesting sketch of Hartley Coleridge, 
 by a personal acquaintance, George S. Hillard, in Living Age, 
 xxi. 161. 
 
 Life of Andrew Marvell, Hull, 1835, 8vo. Essays and 
 Marginalia, edited by Derwent Coleridge, 1 851, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 See Poems of Hartley Coleridge, with Life by his bro 
 ther, Rev. D. Coleridge, Lon., 1850, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Coleridge, Henry Nelson, d. 1843, nephew of 
 Samuel Taylor Coleridge, was educated at Eton and at 
 King's College, Cambridge, where he became Fellow. He 
 accompanied WILLIAM HART COLERIDGE, Bishop of Barba- 
 does, (q. v.) on his outward voyage. We have the impres 
 sions he derived, in his work entitled, Six Months in the 
 West Indies in 1825 ; anon. : 3d ed., with the author's name, 
 1832 ; now one of the series of Murray's Family Library. 
 He was called to the bar by the Hon. Society of the Mid 
 dle Temple in 1826. Mr. Coleridge married his cousin 
 SARA HENRY, daughter of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. (She 
 is noticed on p. 406.) As editor of many of his uncle's writ 
 ings, the public are under great obligations to Mr. Coleridge. 
 He edited his Literary Remains, Lon., 1836-39, 4 vols. 8vo ; 
 The Friend, 1844, 3 vols. 8vo ; Constitution of Church and 
 State, 1839, Svo; Biographia Literaria ; 2ded., edited partly 
 by H. N. C., and completed by his widow, 1847, 2 vols. in 3, 
 Svo; Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit, 1849, Svo. Mr. 
 Coleridge contributed to the Quarterly Review, and was au 
 thor of an excellent Introduction to the Study of the Greek 
 Classic Poets; 1st ed., 1830; 3d ed., Lon., 1846, Svo. 
 
 " Written in that fresh and ardent spirit, which to the congenial 
 mind of youth, will convey instruction in the most effective 
 manner, by awakening the desire of it, and by enlisting the lively 
 and buoyant feelings in the cause of useful and improving study; 
 while by its pregnant brevity, it is more likely to stimulate than 
 to supersede more profound and extensive research. We shall be 
 much mistaken if it does not become as popular as it is useful." 
 Quarterly Review. 
 
 Coleridge, James Duke, Vicar of Kenwin and Kea, 
 Cornwall. Observations of a Parish Priest, or Scenes of 
 Sickness and Death, Truro, 12mo. Practical Advice to the 
 Young Parish Priest, Lon., 1834, 12mo. 
 
 Coleridge, Sir John Taylor, b. 1790, nephew of 
 S. T. Coleridge, grad. at Oxford. Ed. Blackstone's Com 
 mentaries, with Notes, Lon., 1825, 4 vols. Svo. 
 
 Coleridge, John, Vicar of Otter'y St. Mary; father 
 of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. A Critical Latin Grammar. 
 
 " By no means an ordinary production." Lon. Gent. Mag. 
 
 Miscellaneous Dissertations arising from the 17th and 
 18th Chapters of the Book of Judges, Lon., 1768, Svo. 
 
 " These dissertations contain a new translation of the above 
 
 chapters, with critical remarks on them and on a number of other 
 
 assages; besides disquisitions on the Proseuchze, or the Star 
 
 ods; on the conversive Vau, and some other subjects The 
 
 author appears to have been a man of learning and research." 
 
 Orme s biol. Bib. 
 
 t Samuel Taylor, son of the preceding, 
 
 1772-1834, one of the most distinguished literary charac 
 ters of modern days, was a native of the market-town of Ot- 
 tery St. Mary, m Devonshire. He received his early edu 
 cation at Christ's Hospital, where he became senior-Gre 
 cian, or head scholar, and obtained an exhibition to Jesus 
 College, Cambridge, where he remained from 1791 to 1793. 
 finding himself in London without resources or prospects, 
 he enlisted in the 15th Elliot's Light Dragoons. That he 
 was not happy in this situation, may be inferred from a 
 Latin sentence which he one day wrote on the stable-wall 
 under his saddle : 
 
 "Eheu! quam infortuni miserrimum est fuisse felicem!" 
 -I his scrap of learning elicited an inquiry on the part of 
 his captain, which led to the restoration of the young 
 scholar to his friends. In 1794 he published The Fall of 
 
COL 
 
 COL 
 
 Robespierre, a Hist. Drama, and a volume of Poems ; and 
 in the next year two political pamphlets Conciones ad 
 Populum, or Addresses to the People, and a Protest against 
 certain Bills then pending for Suppressing Seditious 
 Meetings. At that time he was a zealous Democrat and | 
 a Unitarian, with which sentiments his later tenets pre 
 sented a remarkable contrast. Hunger, however, is 
 stronger than speculation, and as a means of livelihood, 
 our young enthusiast who, with Southey, Wordsworth, 
 and Lovell, had contemplated the establishment of a Pan- 
 tisocracy on the banks of the Susquehanna consented to 
 write politics for the Morning Post, a supporter of Govern 
 ment. The three friends, instead of emigrating, married 
 three sisters, Misses Fricker of Bristol. In 1798, by the 
 liberality of Josiah and Thomas Wedgewood, he was 
 enabled to spend some time in Germany, where he pursued 
 his studies with great diligence. In 1812 he pub. a series 
 of Essays entitled The Friend, which extended to twenty- 
 seven numbers; in the year following appeared Remorse, 
 a Tragedy; and in 1816, by the persuasion of Lord Byron, 
 Christabel was given to the world. This poem, with the 
 Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Genevieve, attained a 
 popularity which has been perpetuated to the present day. 
 To these poetical pieces must be added Zapoyla, a Drama, 
 founded on The Winter's Tale, pub. in 1818, and some 
 minor poems. A complete edition of his Poems in 3 vols. 
 was issued by Pickering, not long before the author's death. 
 Of his prose works may be mentioned The Statesman's 
 Manual, or the Bible the Best Guide to Political Skill and 
 Foresight; a Lay Sermon, 1816; a second Lay Sermon, 
 1817; Biographia Literaria, 1817, 2 vols.; Aids to Reflec 
 tion, 1825; On the Constitution of Church and State, 1830 ; 
 Lectures on Shakspeare; Table Talk; Theory of Life. 
 He planned several great works which were never com 
 mitted to paper. Indeed, an excessive use of opium, 
 added to a native want of energy, produced an indolent 
 habit, and lack of application, which were fatal to the pro 
 secution of any extensive project. After a wandering life, 
 residing in the houses of friends, alternately lecturing and 
 contributing to periodicals, he settled in 1816 with Mr. 
 Gilman, a physician at Highgate, and remained in his 
 family until his death in 1834. A month or two before 
 his decease he composed his own epitaph : 
 "Stop, Christian passer-by! Stop, Child of God! 
 
 And read with gentle breast. Beneath this sod 
 
 A poet lies, or that which once seemed he; 
 
 lift a thought in prayer for S. T. C. ! 
 
 That he who many a year with toil of breath 
 
 Found death in life, may here find life in death! 
 
 Mercy, for praise to be forgiven, for Fame 
 
 He asked, and hoped through Christ. Do thou the same." 
 
 His Poetical and Dramatic Works were pub." in 1847, 3 
 vols. 8vo. The Friend, edited by H. N. Coleridge, 1844, 
 3 vols. 8vo. Essays on his own Times; 2d series of The 
 Friend; edited by his daughter, 1850, 3 vols. 8vo. Aids 
 to Reflection ; 5th ed., enlarged, 1843, 2 vols. 8vo. Con 
 stitution of Church and State ; edited by H. N. Coleridge, 
 1839, 8vo. Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit, <fcc., edited 
 by H. N. Coleridge, 1849, 8vo. Literary Remains, col 
 lected and edited by H. N. Coleridge, 1836-39, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 Biographia Literaria, partly edited by H. N., and partly 
 by Mrs. H. N. Coleridge, 1838, 2 vols. 8vo; 5th and con 
 cluding vol., by Derwent Coleridge, 1853, who also con 
 templates issuing a Life of his father, and a collected 
 edition of his works. To his works should be added The 
 Ideal of Life, edited by Dr. Watson, his Life by James 
 Gillman, Lon., 1838, 1 vol. 8vo, and Joseph Cottle's Remi 
 niscences of Coleridge and Southey, Lon., 1847, 8vo. As 
 a conversationist, Coleridge enjoyed a remarkable repu 
 tation. He loved to keep the field entirely to himself; 
 and hour after hour if the auditors could spare the time 
 would he pour forth "things new and old," illustrated by 
 a "boundless range of scientific knowledge, brilliancy and 
 exquisite nicety of illustration, deep and ready reasoning, 
 immensity of bookish lore, dramatic story, joke, and pun." 
 ^ His friend Charles Lamb gave a significant hint to Cole 
 ridge of his propensity to monopolize, in answering the que 
 ry of the latter " Charles, did you ever hear me preach ?" 
 (When young, he sometimes filled the Unitarian pulpit at 
 Taunton.) " I never heard you do any thing else," replied 
 Lamb. Dr. Dibdin gives us a graphic sketch of the impres 
 sion produced upon him by Coleridge's conversation : 
 
 "I shall never forget the effect his first conversation made upon 
 me at the first meeting. It struck me as something not only out 
 of the ordinary course of things, but as an intellectual exhibition 
 altogether matchless. The party was unusually large, but the 
 presence of Coleridge concentrated all attention towards him- 
 Belf. The viands were unusually costly, and the banquet was at 
 nce rich and varied; but there seemed to be no dish like Cole 
 
 ridge's conversation to feed upon and no information so varied 
 as bis own. The orator rolled himself up, as it were, in his chair, 
 and gave the most unrestrained indulgence to his speech and 
 how fraught with acuteness and originality was that speech, and 
 in what copious and eloquent periods did it flow! The auditors 
 seemed to be wrapt in wonder and delight, as one observation 
 more profound, or clothed in more forcible language than another, 
 fell from his tongue. . . . For nearly two hours he spoke with 
 unhesitating and uninterrupted fluency. As I retired homeward 
 J thought a SECOND JOHNSON had visited the earth to make wise 
 the sons of men; and regretted that I could not exercise the 
 powers of a second BOSWELL to record the wisdom and the elo 
 quence which had that evening flown from the orator's lips. It 
 haunted me as I retired to rest. It drove away slumber." Dib- 
 din's Reminiscences, 5. 254. 
 
 In his Illustrations of Scripture, Mr. Coleridge was more 
 largely indebted to Cocceius than to any other commenta 
 tor. The reader should procure an essay, reprinted from 
 the Eclectic Review, entitled, The Relation of Philosophy 
 to Theology, and Theology to Religion, or S. T. Coleridge, 
 his Philosophy and Theology. It is to be regretted that 
 Coleridge did not devote himself in earnest to the prepara 
 tion of the great undeveloped work which so long haunted 
 his imagination. We must doubt if he could ever have 
 succeeded in his ambitious aspirations to " reduce all know 
 ledge into harmony" " to unite the insulated fragments 
 of truth, and therewith to frame a perfect mirror;" but 
 that he could have produced a magnum opus, who can 
 doubt? To those not familiar with the plaudits of Cole 
 ridge's admirers, the degree of admiration which was la 
 vished upon him will appear almost absurd. No less a 
 man than De Quincey speaks of him as 
 
 " This ilfustrious man, the largest and most spacious intellect, 
 the subtlest and most comprehensive, in my judgment, that has 
 yet existed amongst men." Literary Reminiscences. 
 
 Lord Egmont declares that 
 
 " No man had ever been better qualified to revive the heroic pe 
 riod of literature in England, and to give a character of weight to 
 the philosophic erudition of the country upon the continent." 
 Ubi supra. 
 
 Another most respectable authority gravely records his 
 judgment: 
 
 " I think, with all his iaults, old Sam was more of a great man 
 than any one that has lived within the four seas in my memory. 
 It is refreshing to see such a union of the highest philosophy and 
 poetry, with so full a knowledge, in so many points at least, of 
 particular facts." DR. ARNOLD : Letter to W. W. Hull, Esq. 
 
 John Foster, himself a moral philosopher of no ordinary 
 rank, tells us that 
 
 " His mind contains an astonishing map of all sorts of know 
 ledge, while in his power and manner of putting it to use. he dis- 
 fays more of what we mean by the term genius than any mortal 
 ever saw, or ever expect to see." 
 
 A short extract from a well-known and favourite critic 
 must bring our article to a conclusion : 
 
 " On his incomparable ' Genevieve' he has lavished all the melt 
 ing graces of poetry and chivalry ; in his 'Ancient Mariner' he has 
 sailed, and in his ' Christabel' flown, to the very limits of inven 
 tion and belief, and in his chaunt of ' Fire, Famine, and Slaugh 
 ter,' he has revived the vehement strains of the sibyls, or rather 
 furies, and given us a song worthy of the prime agents of perdi 
 tion. . . His translation of ' Wallenstein' I have heard commended 
 by good judges, as superior to the drama whose language it pro 
 fesses to speak ; and his ' Remorse,' though a play for the closet 
 rather than the stage, has passages full of passion and fire. In 
 prose his powers are not all equal: he is occasionally, indeed, gra 
 phic and lively, as when he gives an account of his voyage; often 
 dramatic in the description of his success as a preacher of lay ser 
 mons; but he is too frequently obscure and mystical. ... As his 
 fame will be settled by his best poems, he is as sure of future repu 
 tation as any poet of this age." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM : Bing. and 
 Grit. Hist, of the Lit. of the last 50 years. 
 
 Coleridge, Sara Henry, 1803-1852, only daughter 
 of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and widow of his nephew, 
 Henry Nelson Coleridge; b. at Keswick. As the able edi 
 tor of her father's works, (q. v.,} as a translator, and by her 
 original compositions, she has added to the family laurels. 
 
 Trans, from the Latin of Martin Dobrizhoffer's Account 
 of the Abipones, an Equestrian People of Paraguay, Lon., 
 1822, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "My dear daughter's translation of this book is, in my judg 
 ment, unsurpassed for pure mother English." S. T. COLERIDGE. 
 
 The reader will find the work a most interesting account 
 of savage life. Phantasmion, a Tale, 1837, 8vo. 
 
 " ' Phantasmion' is not a poem ; but it is poetry from begin 
 ning to end, and has many poems in it. A Fairy Tale, unique in 
 its kind, pure as a crystal in diction, tinted like the opal with the 
 hues of an ever-springing sunlit fancy." Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 Pretty Lessons for Good Children, 18mo. 
 
 " With an imagination like a prism, shedding rainbow change? 
 on her thoughts, she shows study without the affectation of it, 
 and a Greek-like closeness of expression." 
 
 Coleridge, William Hart, D.D., 1790-1850, Bishop 
 of Barbadoes and the Leeward Islands, only son of Luke 
 H. Coleridge, was educated at Christ Church, Oxford. In 
 1824 he was consecrated the first Bishop of Barbadoes, 
 resigned in 1841, on account of the failure of his health. 
 
COL 
 
 Address to Candidates for Holy Orders in the Diocese of 
 Barbadoes, Lon., 1829, 12mo. Charges delivered to the 
 Clergy of the Diocese of Barbadoes and the Leeward Is 
 lands, Lon., 1835, 8vo. Sermons, Lon., 1841, '42. 
 
 Coles, Elisha, d. 1688, Steward of Magdalen College, 
 Oxford ; subsequently Clerk to the East India Company. 
 Practical Discourse of God's Sovereignty, Lon., 1673, 4to. 
 14th ed., 1768. 
 
 " One of the most useful and the best known to all experimental 
 Christians of any written in any language." DR. RYI.AND. 
 
 " Coles is equally argumentative, Scriptural, and practical. ' 
 DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 " Many good thoughts, but hardly guarded enough." BICKERS- 
 
 TETH. 
 
 Wm. Sellon wrote an answer to Coles, entitled, Defence 
 of God's Sovereignty against the impious and horrible As 
 persions cast upon it by Elisha Coles, 1770, 12mo. Romaine 
 commends Coles's Discourse in high terms, and Dr. E. 
 Williams tells the following anecdote concerning it : 
 
 " When setting out in the ways of God, I found this book sin 
 gularly useful. A carnal minister (who had gravely recommended 
 for my perusal Dean Swift's ' Tale of a Tub') observing my par 
 tiality to it, remarked with emotion, 'If the doctrines contained 
 in that book be true, I am sure to go to hell ;' I then replied, what 
 I now deliberately confirm ; ' If these doctrines be not true, I have 
 no hope of going to heaven.' " 
 
 We have read the work with the attention and interest 
 which the subject demands; but instead of giving our 
 opinion of its merits, we consider that we do better by 
 quoting both pro and con. 
 
 Coles, Elisha, b. about 1640, nephew of the preced 
 ing, a schoolmaster, educated at Magdalen College. The 
 Complete English Schoolmaster, Lon., 1674, 8vo. Short 
 Hand, 1674, 8vo. In this work he improves upon Mason. 
 English Dictionary, 1677, 8vo. Dictionary English-Latin, 
 Latin-English, 1677, 4to; 18th ed., 1772, Svo. Harmony 
 of the Four Evangelists, 1671, Svo. Other educational 
 works. Dictionary of Heraldry, 1725, Svo, &c. 
 
 Coles, Gilbert, D.D. Theophilus and Philodoxus, 
 Lon., 1674, 4to ; rel. to Ch. of England and Ch. of Rome. 
 
 Coles, Joseph. England to be walled with Gold, 
 and to have the Silver as plentiful as the Stones of the 
 Street, Lon., 1700, 4to. This prophecy still awaits the 
 time of its fulfilment. 
 
 Coles, R. Certayne Godly Exercises, &c., Lon., Svo. 
 
 Coles, Thomas. Sermon, 1813. 
 
 Coles, Thomas, D.D. Sermon, 1664, 4to. 
 
 Coles, William. See COLE. 
 
 Colet, John, D.D. 1466-1519, Founder of St. Paul's 
 School ; entered Magdalen College, Oxford, 1483 : Rector 
 of Denington, 1485; of Thyrning in the same year; Dean 
 of St. Paul's, 1505. His lectures, and those of his coadju 
 tors Grocyn and Sowle, did much to prepare the way for 
 the Reformation by calling public attention to the Holy 
 Scriptures. The boldness of Colet excited the animosity 
 of Dr. Fitz James, Bishop of London. Whilst travelling 
 on the Continent, Colet became acquainted with Buclaeus, 
 Erasmus, and other learned men, and studied the Greek 
 tongue, then much neglected in England : so much so in 
 deed, that it was a proverb, Cave d Greeds, nefias hcereti- 
 cua Beware of Greek, lest you become a heretic. Its in 
 troduction at Oxford was violently opposed. Colet, whilst 
 yet living, appropriated his property to the founding of 
 St. Paul's School. He appointed William Lilly first master 
 in 1512. 
 
 Responsis ad Dissertatiunculam Erasmi de Pavore, Colon., 
 1519, 4to. Oratio habita & Doctore Johanne Colet, De- 
 cano Sancti Pauli, ad Clerum in Convocatione, anno 1511. 
 Rudimenta Grammatices a Joanne Coleto, Decano Sancti 
 Pauli, Londin., in Usum Scholae ab ipso Institute, [com 
 monly called Paul's Accidence,] 1539, Svo. The Con 
 struction of the Eight Parts of Speech, entitled Absolutis- 
 simus de octo orationis Partium constructione libellus. 
 This, with some alterations and considerable additions, 
 forms the syntax in Lilly's Grammar, Antwerp, 1530, Svo. 
 Daily Devotions, Lon., 1693, Svo. Monition to a Godly 
 Life, 1534, Svo. Epistolae ad Erasmum. Serm. on Rom. 
 xii. 2, on Conforming and Reforming, Camb., 1661, 12mo; 
 see the Phoenix, ii. iii. 23. Life of Dean Colet, by Dr. Sa 
 muel Knight, Lon., 1724, Svo; ditto, by Erasmus, see 
 Phoenix, ii. 13; and see Wordsworth's Eccl. Biog. i. 433; 
 Statutes of Dean Colet, Lon., 1816, Svo. 
 
 " He [Bishop Fitz James] would have made the old dean Colet 
 of Paules an heretick for translating the Pater noster in English, 
 had not the bishop of Canterbury (Warham) helpt the dean " 
 TYNDAL: answer unto M. More. 
 
 " He should have bin burnt if God had not turned the King's 
 heart to the contrarie." Latimer's Sermons, 1595, 4to. 
 
 " So exquisitely learned, that all Tully's works were as familiar 
 to him, as his epistles. He was also no stranger to Plato and Plo- 
 
 COL 
 
 tinus,whom he not only read, but conferred and paralleled, perusing 
 the one as a commentary on the other. And as for the mathema- 
 ticks, there was scarce any part thereof wherein he was not seen 
 above his years." Wood's account of Colet, at the time when he 
 was " licensed to proceed in arts." 
 
 The reader, however, is to understand that Colet read 
 Plato and Plotinus through the medium of the Latin 
 translations: Greek was scarce in Colet's college- days. 
 The statutes of St. Paul's School require that the master 
 is to be "learned in good and clene Latin literature, and 
 also in Greke, if such may be gotten." 
 
 Colet, John A. Review of the Life and Writings of 
 John Wesley, Lon., 1791, Svo. Letter to Thos. Coke and 
 H. More, 1792, Svo. 
 
 Colevenman, John. True Alarm, Lon., 1654, fol. 
 
 Coley, Henry. Clavis Astrologica, Lon., 1669, Svo; 
 1676, Svo. Almanack for 1690, &c. Starry Messenger for 
 1681, Lon., 12mo. Coley, once a tailor, became a noted 
 astrologer. 
 
 Coley, James M., M.D. Profes. treatise's, 1806-12. 
 A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Children, Lon., 
 1846, Svo. 
 
 " A very useful and interesting addition to medical literature." 
 Lon. Lancet. 
 
 Coley, William. Ague at Bridgeworth, 1785, Svo. 
 
 Colgan, John, an Irish friar, Mendicant, and Divinity 
 Lecturer in the University of Louvain. Acta Sanctorum 
 veteris et Majoris Scotiae, seu Hiberniae Sanctorum Insulae, 
 <fcc., Lovanii, 1645, fol. 
 
 "In this volume he has hooked in most of the old holy-men and 
 women in England and Scotland : so that even Dempster himself 
 could not be more intent on multiplying the Scotch army of saints 
 and martyrs, than Colgan of raising recruits for that of his own 
 native country." BISHOP NICOLSON : Irish Hist. Library. 
 
 Acta Triadis Thaumaturgae sive Divorum Patricii, Co- 
 lumbae et Brigidse, &c., Lovanii, 2 vols. fol. 
 
 " Into these he has transcribed all the long and short lives that 
 he could meet with, either in print or manuscript, which had been 
 written of these three famous and contemporary saints." Ubi 
 supra. 
 
 These three vols. were marked in a bookseller's cata 
 logue, 20. 
 
 Tractatus de Vita Joannis Scoti Doctoris Subtilis, Ant 
 werp, 1655, Svo. 
 
 Colinson, Robert. Book Keeping, Edin., 1683. 
 
 Collard, John, pub. some works under his name re 
 versed, i. e., JOHN DRALLOC. Life, &c. of J. H. Hobers, 
 Lon., 1794, 2 vols. 12mo. Epitome ; 2d ed., called The Es 
 sentials of Logic, 1796, 8vo. Praxis of Logic for Schools, 
 1799, Svo. 
 
 Collard, Thomas. The Fatal Period, 1748, Svo ; on 
 Ezek. xviii. 31. 
 
 College, Stephen. His Trial, &c., 1681, fol. 
 
 Colleiis, John. To the Anabaptists, Lon., 1660, 4to. 
 
 Colles, Abraham, M.D. Surgical Anatomy, part 1, 
 Dubl., 1811, Svo. Lectures on Surgery, Lon., 1845, 2 vols. 
 12mo. 
 
 " Even -without the precious impress of Mr. Colles's name, any 
 practical man looking over these pages would at once perceive that 
 he was reading the doctrine of a master in the art." Brit, and 
 For. Medical Review. 
 
 Colles, Richard. Reports in Parliament, 1697-1713, 
 Dubl., 1789, Svo. This forms vol. 8th of Brown's Cases. 
 
 Collet, Henry. Laws rel. to Estates, Ac., 1754, Svo. 
 
 Collet, John, M.D. Med. -Trans., 1772. Phil. Trans., 
 xi. 87. 
 
 Collet, Joseph. Sermons, 1713, '42. 
 
 Collet, Samuel. Paraphrase on the 7 Cath. Epistles ; 
 after the manner of Dr. S. Clarke's Parap. on the Evangel. 
 1734, Svo. 
 
 Collet, Samuel, M.D. Restor. of the Jews, 1747. 
 
 Collet, Stephen. Relics of Literature, Lon.,1823,8vo. 
 
 " Contains upwards of 260 very amusing articles, many of them 
 notices of Rare and Curious Books." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 This is a work which should be in the possession of 
 every bibliographer. 
 
 Colleton, John. Defence of some Priests, Lon., 1602. 
 
 Collett, J. Three Discourses, 1774, Svo. 
 
 Collett, John. Sacred Dramas, 1805, 12mo. 
 
 Colley, John. Observation con. Religion, 1612, 4to. 
 
 Colliber, Samuel. Columna Rostrata : or a Critical 
 Hist, of English Sea Affairs, 1727. Theolog. treatises. 
 1719, '34, '35, '37. 
 
 Collier, Arthur. Clavis Universalis ; or a New In 
 quiry after Truth, Lon., 1713, Svo. Serms., 1713, '16, '30. 
 
 Collier, Giles. Answer to E. Fisher's 15 Questions, 
 Lon., 1656, 4to. Vindicise Thesium de Sabbato, 1656. 
 Serms., Oxf., 1661. 
 
 Collier, Miss Jane. Art of Tormenting, 1T53, 4to. 
 New edit, entitled The Art of Ingeniously Tormenting, 
 
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 with proper rules for the exercise of that agreeable study, 
 Lon., 1804, 8vo. What a subject for a lady's pen ! 
 
 Collier, Jeremy, 1650-1726, an English Nonjuring 
 bishop of great celebrity, was b. at Stow-with-Quy, in 
 Cambridgeshire. His father and grandfather were both 
 clergymen of the Church of England. In 1669 he was 
 admitted a poor scholar of Caius College, Cambridge. He 
 was ordained deacon in 1676, and took priest's orders the 
 year following. After officiating for some time at the 
 Countess-dowager of Dorset's in Knowle, in Kent, in 1679 
 he removed to the rectory of Ampton, near St. Edmund's 
 Bury in Suffolk. In 1685 he removed to London, and ac 
 cepted the post of lecturer at Gray's Inn. He pub. a 
 Sermon in 1686, and The Office of a Chaplain, in 1688. 
 At the Revolution he refused the oath of allegiance, and 
 with that undaunted courage and zeal which always dis 
 tinguished him, he openly espoused the cause of James II., 
 and vindicated the refusal of his Nonjuring brethren. We 
 remember an acute observation of Mr. Burke, to the effect 
 that it is sometimes as necessary to satisfy people with 
 what they have done, as it is to stimulate those to action 
 who are undecided. It was somewhat such conviction as 
 this which caused Bishop Burnet to put forth in 1688 his 
 Inquiry into the present State of Affairs, and in particu 
 lar whether we owe Allegiance to the King in these cir 
 cumstances, and whether we are bound to treat with him 
 and call him back again, or not? The Bishop says "not," 
 very decidedly : 
 
 " He having given that just advantage against himself, which 
 came after all that series of injustice and violence that had gone 
 before it, no man can think that it was not very fitting to carry 
 it as far as it would go, and not to treat him any more upon the 
 foot of acknowledging him king." 
 
 This elicited from Collier an answer under the title of 
 The Desertion discussed in a letter to a Country Gentle 
 man, Lon., 1688. In this reply the author states that there 
 was no abdication on the part of James, and that there 
 were no grounds, from the laws of the realm, to pronounce 
 the throne void in consequence of a retreat impelled by a 
 fear of personal danger. Edmund Bohun answered this 
 treatise, and takes occasion to give a very high character 
 of Collier: 
 
 " The author of it is my acquaintance and a person for whom I 
 have a great esteem, both on account of his profession, and of his 
 personal worth, learning, and sobriety, &c." 
 
 For this free expression of his opinions, our worthy Non- 
 juror was seized and committed to Newgate, where he 
 remained for some months. He pub., in 1689, A Transla 
 tion of the Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh, and Twelfth Books of 
 Sleidan's Commentaries ; Vindici Juris Regii, or Remarks 
 upon a Paper entitled An Enquiry into the Measures of 
 Submission to the Supreme Authority; Animadversions 
 upon the modern Explanation of 2 Henry VII., chap, i., 
 or a King de facto. In 1690, A Caution against Incon 
 sistency, Ac. Dr. Sherlock's Cause of Allegiance consi 
 dered, 1691. For a number of years afterwards, indeed 
 until the time of his death, he was in the habit of attack 
 ing his opponents by minor publications, in which his zeal 
 and honesty were very apparent. The most important of 
 his works we shall notice presently. 
 
 So conscientious was he, that being admitted to bail, the 
 government having the second time arrested him, he be 
 came satisfied that he had- done wrong in thus tacitly ad 
 mitting the power of the government to exercise any legal 
 authority : he therefore delivered himself up to Sir John 
 Holt, who, as we may readily suppose, when the good 
 divine had explained his scruples, did not at all hesitate 
 to exercise authority so far as to commit him to the King's 
 Bench. He was, however, speedily released on the appli 
 cation of his friends. 
 
 The kingdom was thrown into great commotion in 1696 
 by the discovery of what has since been called the Assas 
 sination Plot An insurrection was to be promoted in fa 
 vour of James, and King William was to be assassinated, 
 
 or ^\P 8 . oner - On the 3d of A P ril > Sir John Fr eind 
 and bir William Perkins were executed for treason at Ty 
 burn. On this occasion, Collier and two other clergymen, 
 Cook and Snatt, attended the unhappy men on the scaffold, 
 and administered absolution to them ; although they had 
 justified what was styled their treason, in a paper delivered 
 to the sheriff immediately before their execution. This gave 
 great offence, and led to the imprisonment of Cook and 
 Snatt in Newgate, whence, however, they were speedily 
 released without a trial. Collier absconded, and was out 
 lawed. Nothing daunted, however, by these frequent con 
 flicts with the government, the courageous Jeremy put 
 forth a Defence of his Absolution given to Sir W. Perkins 
 at the place of Execution, Lon., 1694. In 1713 Collier 
 
 was consecrated a bishop by Dr. Hickes, one of the Non 
 juring clergy. Dr. Hickes had received consecration at 
 the hands of the deprived bishops of Norwich, Ely, and 
 Peterborough. Collier was a man of estimable character, 
 and, as we shall presently see, one of the greatest literary 
 benefactors ever enjoyed by England. One of his princi 
 pal works was Essays upon Several Moral Subjects, part 1, 
 pub. 1697; part 2, 1703; part 3, 1705. Part 1 consists of 
 six Essays: 1. Pride. 2. Clothes. 3. Duelling. 4. Ge 
 neral Kindness. 5. The Office of a Chaplain. 6. The 
 weakness of Human Reason. The four first are in dia 
 logue, written with great spirit and vivacity. The two last 
 are continued discourses. 
 
 " That on the office of a chaplain is particularly laboured, and 
 has been looked upon as the author's masterpiece."" 
 
 The Second Part contains Seventeen Discourses : 1. Fame. 
 2. Music. 3. The Value of Life. 4. The Spleen. 5. Eager 
 ness of Desire. 6. Friendship. 7. Popularity. 8. The 
 Immateriality of the Soul. 9. The Entertainment of Books. 
 10. Confidence. 11. Envy. 12. The Aspects of Men. 
 13. Despair. 14. Covetousness. 15. Liberty. 16. Old 
 Age. 17. Pleasure. 
 
 Several of these are written in dialogue, but most of them 
 are discourses. 
 
 " They are all of them calculated to inform the understanding, 
 reform the manners, and to give a right turn to the thoughts of 
 the reader." 
 
 In the Third Part the author treats of 1. Pain. 2. Re 
 venge. 3. Authors. 4. Infancy and Youth. 5. Riches 
 and Poverty. 6. Debauchery. 7. Drunkenness. 8. Usury. 
 9. The Character of an Apostle. 10. Of Solitude. Then 
 follows several miscellaneous pieces. 
 
 " If we abate the floweriness of the language, which was tho 
 fashion, I will not say the fault, of that time, it will be difficult to 
 find any essays more capable of affording a rational pleasure than 
 those of our author." DR. CAMPBELL. 
 
 In 1701 Collier pub. in 2 vols. folio, a translation with 
 additions of Moreri's Great Historical Dictionary, under 
 the title of The Great Historical, Geographical, and Poeti 
 cal Dictionary. This was well received; and in 1705, a 
 third volume appeared, under the title of A Supplement, 
 <fcc.; and in 1721, a fourth volume, called an Appendix, 
 was published. This bulky work is now in little request, 
 although vefy curious and worth more than the few shil 
 lings asked for it by the London booksellers. 
 
 Before we notice the most useful purpose to which Col 
 lier applied his very respectable talents, we shall devote a 
 few lines to the truly valuable Ecclesiastical History of 
 Great Britain, chiefly of England, from the first planting 
 of Christianity, to the death of Charles II. ; with a brief 
 account of the affairs of religion in Ireland, collected from 
 the best ancient histories, councils, and records, Lon., 
 1708-14, 2 vols. fol., (v. post for notice of a new edit.) 
 This work called forth severe animadversion from three 
 bishops, Nicolson of Derry, Burnet, and Kennett. But 
 our doughty warrior, who cared neither for kings nor 
 bishops, when he considered them in the wrong, and be 
 ing " every inch" a bishop himself, again set the press to 
 work, and levelled his batteries against Bishops Burnet 
 and Nicolson in 1715, and despatched Bishop Kennett 
 two years later. At one period the price of this work 
 had fallen very low. 
 
 " I have seen many a copy sold for little more than waste paper. 
 But the age of book-vandalism is past." DIBDIN. 
 
 It contains much matter not to be found in Mosheim, 
 especially many curious particulars relative to the theolo 
 gical publications of the 16th century. Dr. Campbell 
 speaks highly of this work : 
 
 "The method in which this history is written is very clear and 
 exact, his .authorities are constantly cited by the author, his re 
 marks are short and pertinent, and with respect to the disserta 
 tions that are occasionally inserted, they are such as tend to illus 
 trate and explain those perplexed points of which they treat, and 
 contribute thereby to the clearer understanding of the narration. 
 . . . Taking the whole together, it will be found as judicious and 
 impartial a work, as the world, in doing justice to his talents, 
 could have expected it." 
 
 See conclusion of this article. 
 
 We now proceed to notice one of that small number of 
 books of which the Letters of Pascal and the Romance 
 of Cervantes are instances which have been found suffi 
 ciently powerful to effect a revolution in public opinion, 
 or to awaken sufficient opposition to real or supposed evils, 
 publicly tolerated, to drive them into obscurity, or brand 
 them with disgrace. Our good bishop lived in those evil 
 days of corruption of morals which followed the stern 
 morality which distinguished the ascendency of the Puri 
 tans. From the splendid antechamber of a depraved mo 
 narch, to the humble tenement of the obscure artisan, the 
 "pestilence" of licentiousness "wasted at noonday/'lack- 
 
COL 
 
 ing even sufficient remains of virtue to make it willing to 
 wait for the twilight, with the less shameless libertinism 
 of the days of Job. This was pain and grief of heart to 
 the zealous Nonjuror. Compelled to dwell among them, 
 he " in hearing and seeing vexed his righteous soul from 
 day to day," with that which, whilst he earnestly deplored, 
 it seemed hopeless to try to remedy. 
 
 That master painter, Mr. Macaulay, has given us a 
 sketch, in his own graphic style, of the morals of the time : 
 " Then came those days, never to be recalled without a blush 
 the days of servitude without loyalty, and sensuality without 
 love, of dwarfish talents and gigantic vices, the paradise of cold 
 hearts and narrow minds, the golden age of the coward, the bigot, 
 and the slave. The king cringed to his rival that he might tram 
 ple on his people, sunk into a viceroy of France, and pocketed with 
 complacent infamy, her degrading insults, and her more degrad 
 ing gold. The caresses of harlots, and the jests of buffoons, regu 
 lated the measures of a government, which had just ability enough 
 to deceive, and just religion enough to persecute. . . . Crime suc 
 ceeded to crime, and disgrace to disgrace, till the race, accursed 
 of *}od and man, was a second time driven forth, to wander on 
 the face of the earth, and to be a by-word and a shaking of head 
 to the nations." MILTON : Ed. Review, xlii. 304. 
 
 The unsound condition of public and private morality 
 was faithfully reflected in the drama, and ostentatiously 
 displayed upon the stage : 
 
 " During the forty years which followed the Restoration, the 
 whole body of the dramatists invariably represent adultery we 
 do not say as a peccadillo we do not say as an error which the 
 violence of passion may excuse but as the calling of a fine gentle 
 man as a grace without which his character would be imperfect. 
 It is as essential to his breeding and to his place in society that 
 he should make love to the wives of his neighbours, as that he 
 should know French, or that he should have a sword at his side. 
 In all this there is no passion, and scarcely any thing that can be 
 called preference. The hero intrigues, just as he wears a wig; be 
 cause if he did not, he would be a queer fellow, a city prig, per 
 haps a Puritan. All the agreeable qualities are always given to 
 the gallant. All the contempt and aversion are the portion of the 
 unfortunate husband. . . . The dramatist evidently does his best 
 to make the person who commits the injury graceful, sensible, 
 and spirited, and the person who suffers it a fool, or a tyrant, or 
 both." Cbmic Dramatists of the Restoration. 
 
 There is nothing too wicked, nothing too absurd, to lack 
 advocates and apologists. Therefore we need not be sur 
 prised to find Dennis, Drake and Filmer abetting, Leigh 
 Hunt defending, and Charles Lamb apologizing for, such 
 literary satyrs as Wycherly, Congreve, Farquhar, Van 
 brugh, and, we are sorry to add, John Dryden. 
 
 The stage seemed to present an available point of attack 
 on the unclean monster of social corruption, and Collier 
 resolved to commence the war of extermination on its 
 stronghold. In 1698 he published A Short View of the 
 Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage, to- 
 geth'er with the Sense of Antiquity upon this Argument. 
 In the preface to this work, now before us, he briefly states 
 the object of his critique, and the necessity existing for a 
 rebuke of the character attempted : 
 
 " Being convinced that nothing has gone further in Debauching 
 the Age than the Stage-Poets and Play- House ; I thought I could 
 not employ my Time better than in writing against them. These 
 men, sure, take Virtue and Regularity for Great Enemies; why 
 else is their disaffection so very remarkable? It must be said, 
 they have made their attack with great Courage, and gained no 
 very inconsiderable Advantage. But it seems, Lewdness without 
 Atheism is but half their Business. Conscience might possibly 
 recover, and Revenge be thought on; and therefore like Foot-Pads, 
 they must not only Rob but Murther. ... I confess I haVe no 
 Ceremony for Debauchery. For to Complement Vice, is but one 
 Remove from worshipping the Devil." 
 
 The first charge is the immodesty of the stage, and the 
 natural consequences of such indecency. He shows thai 
 the theatres of the Greeks and Romans were far less guilty 
 in this respect than the English theatre. In the latter 
 part of the first chapter, he quotes the testimony of Ben 
 Jonson, Beaumont and Fletcher, and Corneille against the 
 abuses which he condemns. Chap. 2d is entitled, "The 
 Profaneness of the Stage," which is proved by instances 
 of " Cursing and Swearing," " Blasphemy," "Abuse of Re 
 ligion and the Holy Scriptures." He brings this grave 
 charge against the writings of Dryden, Congreve, Otway 
 and Vanbrugh. Chap. 3d is entitled, " The Clergy abusec 
 by the Stage." Chap. 4th considers the subject of " Im 
 morality encouraged by the Stage." Chap. 5th is devotee 
 to miscellaneous reflections, " Remarks upon Amphytrion, 
 On the Comical History of Don Quixote," Ac. In chap. 6th 
 he reinforces his position by citations from Heathen philo 
 sophers, Christian fathers, and Catholic councils. The 
 sale of this work was so large, that the 4th edition lying 
 before us bears the date of 1699 : the first was publishec 
 March 1697-98. 
 
 That Collier, like zealous disputants generally, may in 
 some instances have stretched his indictment too far, anc 
 mistaken levity for sin, and want of taste for want of de- 
 
 COL 
 
 orum, can be allowed without denying him the character 
 ,o which he is justly entitled, of the Reformer of the Eng- 
 ish Stage. Not by any means that he cleansed entirely 
 ;he Augean Stable. He removed some abominations, but 
 many remained, and exist in destructive vitality to this 
 day. From that time to the present, the English and 
 American theatres have been the prime corrupters of the 
 morals of the people. The Stage is emphatically the 
 School of Vice. We have sometimes pleased ourselves 
 with the speculation that the drama might be purified, and 
 made an agent of innocent amusement, and historical, 
 perchance even moral, instruction : but we almost despair 
 of such a renovation. Certain it is, that conducted as 
 our theatres are at present, taking together that which is 
 acted upon, behind, and before the stage, we consider 
 that no one who has a proper regard for the interests of 
 morality can consistently lend his influence or counte 
 nance to such demoralizing exhibitions. 
 
 If it should be thought that we are too severe in our judg 
 ment, we answer that the facts of the case are in this, as 
 in every other question, the best evidence. This evidence 
 will prove that three out of every four young men who be 
 come victims to licentiousness and intemperance are first 
 introduced to vice through the medium of the theatre. As 
 to the other sex how fathers can permit their daughters, 
 husbands their wives, lovers the objects of their affections, 
 to have their eyes and ears offended by what must be heard 
 and witnessed by those who visit the theatres, is marvel 
 lous indeed ! 
 
 But to return to our subject. Collier's vigorous charge 
 threw the ranks of the enemy into great confusion. His 
 proofs were too strong to be evaded ; his cause too good to 
 be disgraced by ridicule. When they had a little recovered 
 from the shock, Congreve made a feeble attempt at a de 
 fence, which he entitled Amendments of Mr. Collier's false 
 and imperfect citation from the Old Bachelor, the Double 
 Dealer, &c. Vanbrugh also came to the rescue of his sorely- 
 berated production, in a pamphlet which he called A Short 
 Vindication of The Relapse and the Provoked Wife. Nor 
 were these all. Collier had disturbed a hornet's nest : Set 
 tle, and Dennis, and Drake, attacked him with impertinent 
 buzzing, though unable to sting. Wycherley was suspected 
 of being one of his assailants. Dr. Filmer took sides 
 against the redoubtable Nonjuror in A Defence of Plays, 
 which had better have been unwritten. 
 
 But a man who had the courage to deny the right of a 
 king to his throne, and to beard bishops upon their bench, 
 was not to be intimidated by a few licentious poets and 
 their apologists. He followed up his first fire with unwa 
 vering resolution, in the following publications : 1. A De 
 fence of the Short View, Ac., being a Reply to Mr. Con- 
 greve's Amendments, <fcc., and to the Vindication of the 
 author of the Relapse, Lon., 1699. 2. A Second Defence 
 of the Short View, being a Reply to a Book entitled The 
 Ancient and Modern Stages Surveyed, <fec., Lon., 1700. 
 This " Book" was written by Dr. Drake. 3. A farther Vin 
 dication of the Short View, <fec., in which the objections of 
 a late Book, entitled A Defence of Plays, are considered, 
 Lon., 1708. 4. Mr. Collier's Dissuasive from the Play 
 House ; in a letter to a Person of Quality, occasioned by 
 the late calamity of the Tempest, Lon., 1703. 
 
 Collier's victory was not only decided, but overwhelming. 
 Dramatists and actors from that time felt that a healthful 
 public sentiment was in action, which would call them to 
 account for at least heinous offences, and they became more 
 circumspect, if not really more virtuous. It was not a 
 little to the credit of Dryden, that he attempted no defence 
 of that which he doubtless felt to be indefensible. He did 
 not even put forth that most foolish of all pleas, which we 
 are sorry to see sometimes used on behalf of others by 
 writers who should know better, that he was no worse than 
 the prevailing tone of the times. If this be a valid defence, 
 how shall the world ever grow better ? How did Collier 
 happen to be better than the times ? Had they not the 
 same code of morality, in the inspired volume, two hun 
 dred years ago, that we have now ? To hear such apolo 
 gists, we might suppose that the Scriptures were a recent 
 grant to mankind. Some years later, indeed, Dryden, in 
 referring to the subject in the preface to his " Fables," en 
 tered a protest against the rough handling he had received, 
 and put in a plea to mitigate the force of the sentence, 
 but he winds up with a confession which is to the credit 
 of his candour. He finds fault with Collier's rudeness, 
 and the "horse play of his raillery," and declares that "in 
 many places he has perverted by his glosses the meaning" 
 of what he censures; but he admits that he is justly con 
 demned : 
 
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 COL 
 
 " I have pleaded guilty to all thoughts or expressions of mine 
 that can be truly accused of obscenity, immorality, or profaneness. 
 If Mr. Collier," he continues, "be mine enemy, let him triumph; 
 if he be my friend, as I have given him no personal occasion to 
 be otherwise, he will be glad of my repentance." 
 
 Dr. Johnson, in his Life of Congreve, gives an animated 
 description of the battle between Collier and the Dramatic 
 poets. Of the assailant, he remarks : 
 
 "He was formed for a controvertist ; with sufficient learning; 
 with diction vehement and pointed, though often vulgar and in 
 correct: with unconquerable pertinacity; with wit in the highest 
 degree keen and sarcastic; and with all those powers exalted and 
 invigorated by just confidence in his cause. Thus qualified, and 
 thus incited, he walked out to battle, and assailed at once most 
 of the living authors from Dryden to D'Urfey. His onset was vio 
 lent; those passages, which while they stood single had passed 
 with little notice, when they were accumulated and exposed to 
 gether, excited horror; the wise and the pious caught the alarm; 
 and the nation wondered why it had so long suffered irreligion 
 and licentiousness to be openly taught at the public charge. No 
 thing now remained for the poets but to resist or fly. Dryden's 
 conscience, or his prudence, angry as he was, withheld him from 
 the conflict. Congreve and Vanbrugh attempted answers. . . . 
 The stage found other advocates, and the dispute was protracted 
 through ten years: but at last Comedy grew more modest: and 
 Collier lived to see the reward of his labour in the reformation of 
 the theatre. Of the powers by which this important victory was 
 achieved, a quotation from ' Love for Love,' and the remark upon 
 it, may afford a specimen: 
 
 '"Sir Sampson Sampson's a very good name ; for your Sampsons 
 were strong dogs from the beginning. 
 
 " ' Angelica. Have a care! If you remember, the strongest 
 Sampson of your name pull'd an old house over his head at last!' 
 
 " ' Here you have the Sacred History burlesqued ; and Sampson 
 once more brought into the house of Dagon to make sport for the 
 Philistines.' [Collier's Comment."] 
 
 For a graphic sketch of this controversy, and of the 
 dramatic poetry of the time, we refer the reader to Mr. 
 Macaulay's Comic Dramatists of the Restoration, Edin 
 burgh Review, January, 1841. The Reviewer admits the 
 occasional errors in his indictment, into which an honest 
 zeal betrayed the author of the Short- View, but agrees 
 with the verdict of the day, that 
 
 " When all these deductions have been made, great merit must 
 be allowed to this work. There is hardly any book of that time 
 from which it would be possible to collect specimens of writing so 
 excellent and so various. To compare Collier with Pascal would 
 indeed be absurd. Yet we hardly know where, except in the 
 Provincial Letters, we can find mirth so harmoniously and becom 
 ingly blended with solemnity, as in the Short View. In truth, all 
 the models of ridicule, from broad fun to polished and antithetical 
 sarcasm, were at Collier's command. On the other hand, he was 
 complete master of the rhetoric of honest indignation. We scarcel v 
 know any volume which contains so many bursts of that eloquence 
 which comes from the heart, and goes to the heart. Indeed the 
 spirit of the book is truly heroic. . . . Congreve's answer was a 
 complete failure. He was angry, obscure, and dull. Even the 
 Green Room and Will's Coffee House were compelled to acknow 
 ledge, that in wit the parson had a decided advantage over the 
 poet." 
 
 Collier has received ample commendation from many 
 quarters : 
 
 " I question whether any man can read Swift's Tale of a Tu"b, or 
 Don Quevedo's Visions, without finding himself the worse for it. 
 In regard to all such indiscreet applications of wit, every young 
 student may guard his mind, and rectify his judgment, by read 
 ing Mr. Collier's View of the Profaneness and Immorality of the 
 English Stage; a book which brought Dryden to repentance, and 
 does indeed beggar every work upon the same argument. It is 
 the triumph of wit over scurrility; of piety over profaneness: of 
 learning over ignorance; and of Christianity over Atheism." Letter 
 from a Tutor to his Pupils. 
 
 " It was certainly a very bold thing in Mr. Collier to attack at 
 once the Wits and Witlings of those times : among the first were 
 Mr. Dryden, Mr. Congreve, and Mr. Vanbrugh; among the latter, 
 were Tom Durfey and many more; but he is certainly to be com 
 mended for forming so good a design as that of reducing the stage 
 to order, and thereby preventing the morals of mankind from be 
 ing corrupted, where they ought to be amended "DR. CAMPBELL. 
 
 " The public opinion ran so much against the defenders of the 
 theatre, and in favour of their enemy, that King William consi 
 dered Mr. Collier's book as a work which entitled the author of it 
 to some lenity in a prosecution then carrying on in consequence 
 r o ;- I,.- political conduct." Preface to Sup. to Dodsley's 
 
 Cibber observes that the calling our dramatic writers to 
 this strict account had a very wholesome effect upon those 
 who wrote after this time. They were now a great deal 
 more upon their guard; indecencies were no longer wit- 
 and by degrees the fair sex came again to fill the boxes on 
 the first day of a new comedy, without fear or censure. 
 We may be allowed to repeat the opinion, that neither at 
 that, nor at any subsequent time, has the box of the theatre 
 been the most proper place in the world for a modest and 
 refined woman. In concluding our notice of this warm 
 hearted, exemplary, and truly excellent divine, we should 
 not forget to mention that Father Courbeville speaks in 
 the highest terms of Collier's Miscellaneous Works, which 
 he declares set him on a level with Montaigne, St. Evre- 
 410 
 
 rnond, La Bruyere, &c. He made a translation of the Short 
 View into French, which gave him an opportunity of re 
 newing his commendation. Collier has been suspected of 
 a leaning to popery, because, towards the close of his life, 
 he "mixed water with wine in the Eucharist, made the 
 sign of the cross in confirmation, employed oil in the visi 
 tation of the sick, and offered up prayers for the dead." 
 But we have many instances of an adoption of some par 
 ticular ceremonies, and even doctrines of ecclesiastical 
 communion, whilst other portions of the same code are ve 
 hemently denounced. 
 
 Bishop Burnet indeed complains of our author's Eccle 
 siastical History on this wise : 
 
 " There appeared to me quite through the second volume, such 
 a constant inclination to favour the popish doctrine, and to cen 
 sure the Reformers, that I should have had a better opinion of the 
 author's integrity, if he had professed himself to be not of our 
 communion, nor of the communion of any other Protestant Church." 
 Preface to the Hist, of the, Reformation of the Church of England. 
 Now we believe the bishop to have been a truly honest 
 man, many opinions to the contrary; but the charges of a 
 party writer, and veteran disputant, must always be re 
 ceived with caution, and Bishop Burnet was " a man of war 
 from his youth." 
 
 We are pleased to notice the appearance of a new edition 
 of Collier's Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain, from 
 the first planting of Christianity to the Reign of Charles 
 the Second, with a brief Account of the affairs of Religion 
 in Ireland, with Life of the Author by Thomas Lathbury, 
 the Controversial Tracts connected with the History, and 
 a new and much enlarged Index, 9 vols. 8vo, 1852. 
 
 " There areonly two writers of the genuine History of our Church 
 who deserve the name of historians, Collier and Fuller." Bishop 
 Warburton's Directions to a Student in Theolcgy. 
 
 " Collier died in the year 1726 ; his Church History is still one of 
 our most, if not the most valuable of our Ecclesiastical Histories, 
 and all bis works display talents of no ordinary kind." LATHBURY. 
 Collier, Joel. Musical Travels through England, 
 Lon., 1774, 8vo, '76 and '85, 12mo. This is a burlesque 
 of the Musical Travels of DR. BURNEY (q. v.) Alexander 
 Bicknell wrote part of it, and Peter Beckford the latter 
 portion. 
 
 Collier, John. Compendium Artis Nauticse, 1729. 
 Collier, John. Jewish History, Lon., 1791, 2 vols. 
 8vo. Life of Christ, &c., 1797, 2 vols. 8vo. Animation 
 and Intellect, 1800, 8vo. Reanimation from the Repro 
 duction of Vegetable Life, and the renewal of Life, after 
 Death, in Insects, 1809, 8vo. 
 
 Collier, John. Works of Tim Bobbin, Esq., in Prose 
 and Verse, with Life of the Author, by John Corry Roch 
 dale, 1819, r. 8vo. Other pub. under name of Tim Bobbin, 
 1763, '62, '65, 1810. 
 
 Collier, John. Essay on Charters, Newc., 1777. 
 Collier, John Dye. Law of Patents, Lon., 1803, 
 8vo. Life of Abraham Newland, Esq., 1808, 12mo. 
 
 Collier, John Payne, b. in London, 1789, was en 
 tered a student of the Middle Temple at the age of 20, but 
 found the attractions of Blackstone insufficient to overcome 
 the blandishments of Elizabethan literature. He occa 
 sionally relieved his poetical studies by contributions to 
 the Morning Chronicle, the Literary Review, the Edin 
 burgh Magazine, &c. In 1820 he pub. in 2 vols. r. 8vo, 
 The Poetical Decameron, or Ten Conversations on English 
 Poets and Poetry, particularly of the Reigns of Elizabeth 
 and James. The reader should secure this work. 
 
 " Few books lately published contain so much valuable and ori 
 ginal information." II ALLAM. 
 
 The Poet's Pilgrimage, a Poem, appeared in 1822. This 
 was an early composition. In 1825-27 he pub. an edit, of 
 Dodsley's Old Plays, to which he added six dramas, and 
 in a supplementary vol. (1828) he pub. five more dramas 
 temp. Elizabeth. In 1831, in 3 vols. p. 8vo, appeared his 
 excellent History of English Dramatic Poetry to the Time 
 of Shakspeare, and Annals of the Stage to the Restoration. 
 " As an authority in all points connected with the history of the 
 stage, the production of Mr. Collier not only stands alone in our 
 literature, but it may be said, that he has so thoroughly sifted and 
 discussed the subject, as to have left little or nothing to reward 
 the labour of future inquirers." Lon. New Mon. Mag., Aug 1831. 
 "A valuable record of the British Stage." Metropol., Aug 18.31. 
 Mr. Collier now found a labour of love in the compila 
 tion of a Bibliographical and Critical Catalogue of Lord 
 Ellesmere's Collection of Rare English Books. This was 
 privately printed. In his examination of the treasures of 
 Lord Ellesmere's Library, Mr. Collier discovered some 
 precious documents, which threw much light upon the his 
 tory of our (for we Americans claim a property in Shaks 
 peare) great dramatist, and from these papers and other 
 records, he compiled his New Facts regarding the Life of 
 Shakspeare, pub. in 1835. In the next year appeared New 
 
COL 
 
 COL 
 
 Particulars, and in 1839, Further Particulars, concerning ' 
 the same " great argument." In 1842-44 appeared the 
 result of more than thirty years' toil, in the shape of a new 
 edit, of The Works of Shakspeare, the text formed from 
 an entirely new collation of the old Editions, with the va 
 rious Readings, Notes, a Life of the Poet, and a History of 
 the Early English Stage, 8 vols. 8vo; new ed., 1858, 6 vols. 
 8vo. See Lon. Athen., No. 1592. This work was preceded in 
 1841 by a List of Reasons for a New Edition of Shakspeare's 
 Plays, which should be studied as a model for all editors. 
 
 "Mr. Collier is entitled to the praise of having brought together 
 all the known facts that in any way bear upon the life of Shaks 
 peare." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 "Thirty years of unwearied research into the history of his au 
 thor entitle Mr. Collier to be heard." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 " The most perfect text with the fewest possible notes. Whoever 
 wants to know what Shakspeare wrote must refer to Collier's edi 
 tion." Lon. Monthly Magazine. 
 
 Mr. Collier's Memoirs of the Principal Actors in the 
 Plays of Shakspeare appeared in 1846. In 1847 Mr. C. 
 pub*. A Book of Roxburghe Ballads. 
 
 ' Jjr. Collier has made a most interesting and valuable addition 
 to oui store of old ballads by the publication of this volume, which 
 embra.-<?s a class almost wholly overlooked by former editors." 
 Lon. h':<ming Chronicle. 
 
 " Mr. Collier's volume is a treasure of curiosities, rich as well as 
 rare." 
 
 In 1848 appeared Shakspeare's Library, a Collection of 
 the Ancient Romances, Novels, Legends, Poems, and His 
 tories used by Shakspeare as the foundation of his Dramas. 
 Now first collected, and accurately reprinted from the Ori 
 ginal Editions, with Introductory Notices, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 This valuable work places in the hands of the reader, for a 
 few shillings, matter that could before have been purchased 
 only by an outlay of hundreds of pounds, and which was 
 in many cases altogether inaccessible. In the same year 
 Mr. C. pub. Extracts of the Registers of the Stationers' 
 Company of Books entered for publication, 1555-70. In 
 the midst of his many labours, Mr. C. has occasionally 
 found time to promote the objects of three societies in 
 which he felt deeply interested: he has edited several 
 works for the Camden and Shakspeare Societies, and con 
 tributed to the Transactions of the Society of Antiquaries, 
 of which body he was made Vice-President in 1850. But 
 it is by his last publication that Mr. Collier has produced 
 a terrible excitement among the antiquaries and Shakspea- 
 rian critics, real and mock. In 1849 Mr. C. purchased 
 from Thomas Rodd a folio Shakspeare of 1632, which 
 proved to be full of emendations, which a little examina 
 tion satisfied the happy possessor were entitled to great 
 respect, as the intelligent annotations of an early hand. 
 In 1852 Mr. C. put forth a volume with his newly-found 
 treasures displayed to the eyes of a curious world. The 
 critics many of them, certainly were in ecstasies. 
 
 " In spite of our own anticipations, and in spite of Mr. Collier's 
 own editorial spirit, we have here put forth by that gentleman a 
 volume, which, if we mistake not. will do more for revolutionizing, 
 and more for amending, the printed words of Shakspeare, than all 
 the critics whose labours fill the one-and-twenty volumes of the 
 Variorum Edition." Lon. Gent. Mag., April, 1853. 
 
 " It will form henceforth an inseparable pendant to the received 
 additions, and most undoubtedly take the lead over every other 
 compilation of ' Notes and Emendations.' It is not going too far 
 to pronounce that in intrinsic value it is fairly < worth all the rest.' " 
 Dublin University Mag., March, 1853. 
 
 " Men have acquired reputation by a single emendation of Shaks 
 peare ; learned editors have exceedingly plumed themselves upon 
 a few successful. hits ; the best critics have done but little: here 
 we have a book that 'at one fell swoop' knocks out a thousand 
 errors, for the most part so palpable, when once pointed out that 
 no one can deny their existence, and substitutes emendations so 
 clear that we cannot hesitate to accept them." Lon. Athenvum. 
 
 " The corrections which Mr. Collier has here given to the world, 
 are, we venture to think, of more value than the labours of nearly 
 all the critics on Shakspeare's text put together." Lon. Lit. Gazette 
 See also the Lon. Examiner, Jan. 29, 1853; Morning 
 Chronicle, March 28, 1853 ; Northampton Mercury, Feb 
 12, 1853; Bell's Messenger, Feb. 5, 1853; Eraser's Maga 
 zine, March 1853. But veteran critics, who had been fight 
 ing for half a century over half a dozen "emendations," 
 were by no means disposed to swallow twenty thousand at 
 once. The commentators gave "horrid note of war," and 
 Mr. Collier was soon stoutly assailed by those who felt 
 themselves so far outdone in "emendations." Of course, 
 we, occupying the position of a Recorder, not of a Judge, 
 do not profess to have any opinion upon the subject. The 
 Rev. Mr. Dyce's review of the Folio (Lon., 1853) will as 
 sist the reader in his inquiry; and he is also referred to a 
 volume, pub. in New York, 1854, entitled Shakspeare's 
 Scholar, by Richard Grant White, A.M. 
 
 Collier, Joseph. Obs. on Iron and Steel; in Soc. 
 of Manches. Mem., v. 109. 
 
 Collier, Joshua. Double Entry, 1796, 4to. 
 
 Collier, Nathaniel. Sermons, 1714-52. 
 
 Collier, R. P. A Treatise on the Law relating to 
 Mines, Lon., 1849, 1 vol. 8vo; Phila. 1853. 
 
 Collier, Thomas. Sermons and theolog. treatises, 
 1646-91. 
 
 Collier, W., d. 1803, aged 61. Poems, 1800, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Collier, William. Sermons, 1744, Ac. 
 
 Collignon, Charles, M.D., d. 1785, Profes. of Ana 
 tomy in the University of Cambridge. Compendium Ana- 
 tomico Medicum, Ac., 1756, 4to. The Human Body, Camb., 
 1794, 8vo. Medicina Politica, Ac., Lon., 1765, 8vo. Moral 
 and Medical Dialogue, Lon., 1769, 8vo. Miscell. Works, 
 Lon., 1786, 4to. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1772. 
 
 Collin, Nicholas, Rector of the Swedish Churches, 
 Pennsylvania. Con. to Trans. Americ. Soc., 1799 : 143, 
 476, 519; philology, Ac. 
 
 Colling, James K. Details of Gothic Architecture, 
 Lon., 1850-52, 4to. Gothic Ornaments drawn from Chris 
 tian Authorities, Lon., 1847-50, 4to. 
 
 " Every contribution towards a more accurate knowledge of our 
 ancestors is worthy of commendation, and the work before us is 
 one of the most elaborate which has been published with this ob 
 ject. The colours are magnificent, and beautifully printed." ion. 
 Civil Engineer and Architect. 
 
 "To young Architects the series will be invaluable." JerroWi 
 Nnotpaper. 
 
 Collinges, or Collings, John, D.D., 1623-1690, a 
 Nonconformist divine, educated at Emanuel College, Cam 
 bridge, was ejected from the living of St. Stephen's, Nor 
 wich, in 1662. He wrote a portion of the commentaries 
 in Poole's Annotations on the Bible, and pub. a number 
 of serms. and theolog. works. See Watt's Bibl. Bib. Par 
 Nobile, Lon., 1669, 8vo. A Cordial for a Fainting Soul, 
 
 1652, 4to. Discourses of the Actual Providence of God, 
 1678, 4to. 
 
 " What Collings has written on Providence is well performed." 
 COTTON MATHER. 
 
 " Scriptural and spiritual." BICKERSTETH. 
 " A man of great worth and reputation, one of general learning, 
 signal piety, and eminent ministerial abilities. He was a spiritual 
 father to beget many souls to Christ by the Gospel. He was emi 
 nent in the grace of love to saints as saints." Calamy's Noncon 
 formist's Memorial. 
 
 Collings, John. Life and Death of Mary Simpson; 
 with her Funeral Sermon, 1649, 4to. 
 
 Collingwood, Francis. The House-Keeper, Lon., 
 1792, 8vo. 
 
 Collingwood, G. L. N. Memoirs and Correspond 
 ence of Vice-Adiniral Lord Collingwood, Lon., 5th ed., 
 1837, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " It is a work which will occupy a permanent place in the Eng 
 lish Libra ry. . . . The portrait of one English worthy more is now 
 secured to posterity." Lon. Quarterly JRev. 
 
 "We do not know when we have met with so delightful a book 
 as this, or one with which we are so well pleased with ourselves 
 for being delighted." Edin. Review. 
 
 Collingwood, John. The Church, Apostolic, Pri 
 mitive, and Anglican : a series of Seraus., Lon., 1850, 8vo. 
 
 Collingwood, Thomas. Con. to Med.Com.,1785,'93. 
 
 Colinne, William. Fanatics Dissected, 1660, 4to. 
 
 Collins. Sermon, Lon., 1663, 4to. 
 
 Collins. Chapter of Kings, Lon., 16ino. 
 
 Collins, Anne. Divine Songs and Meditation, Lon., 
 
 1653, sm. 8vo. A very rare volume. Priced in Bibl. Anglo- 
 Poet. 18. There is an edit. 1658, sm. 8vo. 
 
 " Her poetic turn and moral sentiment are both deserving of 
 praise." See Restituta, iii. 123-7, 180-4. 
 
 Collins, Anthony, 1676-1729, a native of Heston, 
 near Hounslow, in Middlesex, was educated at Eton and 
 King's College, Cambridge. He was entered a student in 
 the Temple, but soon abandoned the law for the cultiva 
 tion of such literary pursuits as might strike his fancy. 
 Unfortunately, he selected a department far beyond his 
 depth, theology. Essay concerning the Use of Reason, 
 Ac., Lon., 1707, 8vo. In the same year he took part in 
 the controversy between Dodwell and Samuel Clarke re 
 specting the natural immortality of the soul. On this sub 
 ject Collins pub. four pieces, 1707, '08. Priestcraft in 
 Perfection, 1710, 8vo. This work attacks the XXth Arti 
 cle of the Church of England. It elicited several answers 
 and comments, (see prefatory epistle to Dr. Bennet's Essay 
 on the XXXIX. Articles, 1715, 8vo,) which were responded 
 to by Collins in 1724 in his Hist, and Grit. Essay on the 
 XXXIX. Articles. Vindication of the Divine Attributes, 
 1710, 8vo. Discourse on Freethinking, 1713, 8vo. This 
 work caused much excitement, and Collins, alarmed, as 
 it was supposed, at the noise he had created, took a trip 
 (the second) to Holland, and remained on the Continent 
 for some months. 
 
 "In this work Collins inveighs against the vices of the clergy, 
 and attempts to prove that the divisions among Ch ristians are a 
 proof of the uncertainty of their principles." BOGUE. 
 
COL 
 
 COL 
 
 Several answers appeared, and the great Dr. Bentley 
 despatched the Discourse at a single blow in his Remarks 
 upon a Late Discourse of Freethinking, in a Letter to F. 
 H., D.D., [Dr. Francis Hare,] in two parts, by Philileuthe- 
 rus Lipsiensis, Lon., 1713, 8vo, 1719; and Camb., 1743, 
 8vo. In the next year, 1714, Lon., 8vo., Dr. Hare pub. 
 The Clergyman's Thanks to Philileutherus, &c. Bentley's 
 work was trans, into several foreign languages. 
 
 " It should be studied by every man who is desirous of forming 
 just notions of biblical criticism. His observations on the various 
 readings of the New Testament are especially worthy of attention." 
 ORME : Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Philosophical Inquiry concerning Human Liberty and 
 Necessity, 1715, '17, 8vo: trans, into French, and printed 
 by Des Maizeaux in the Recueil de Pieces sur la Philoso 
 phic, &c., Amst., 1720, 2 vols. 12mo. A Discourse of the 
 Grounds and Reasons of the Christian Religion, 1724, 8vo. 
 
 " In this the author maintains that Christianity derives no con 
 firmation from the prophecies of the Old Testament." BOGUE. 
 
 This discourse was replied to by Whiston, Bishop Chan 
 dler, Dr. Samuel Clarke, Dr. Sykes, and Dr. Sherlock, and 
 others : no less than 35 answers appeared. Whiston treats 
 " Collins and Toland in very severe terms, as guilty of 
 impious frauds and laycraft." 
 
 In 1726 Collins pub. Scheme of Literal Prophecy con 
 sidered, in view of the controversy occasioned by a late 
 book, entitled A Discourse of the Grounds, <fcc., Hague, 2 
 vols. 12mo; with corrections, Lon., 1727, 8vo. Letter to 
 Dr. Rogers on his 8 serms. concerning the Necessity of 
 Divine Revelation, Lon., 1727, 8vo. 
 
 " Collins is one of the most subtle and mischievous of his tribe. 
 He rejects as inadmissible every kind of testimony in behalf of 
 Christianity, except that which may be drawn from Prophecy li 
 terally accomplished; and this he represents as the sole and exclu 
 sive evidence on which our Lord and his Apostles rested the proof 
 of the Christian Faith." BISHOP VAX MILDERT. 
 
 See Leland's Deistical Writers ; Collier's Eccles. Hist. ; 
 Whiston's Life ; Biog. Brit. ; Curll's Collec. of Letters. 
 
 Collins, Arthur, 1682-1760, a laborious antiquary 
 and heraldic writer. Late in life he received a pension of 
 400 from George II. Peerage of England: first ed., 
 Lon., 1709, 8vo; many edits.; the 3d ed., being the last 
 pub. under the superintendence of the author, contains 
 memorials and letters of Henry, Earl of Northumberland, 
 which were suppressed. in the subsequent edits. Anew 
 edit., augmented and continued to 1812, was pub. by Sir 
 Egerton Brydges in 1812, 9 vols. 8vo. 
 
 '" The work of Sir Egerton Brydges is one of the highest value. 
 In the hands of a man of genius the annals of the noble families 
 of England acquire all the historical interest that the subject de 
 mands." 
 
 Baronettage of England, 1720, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., en 
 titled An. Hist, and General Account of Baronets, &c., 
 1742, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " This work is of necessary reference to the genealogical writer, 
 as containing accounts of families which became extinct previous 
 to any subsequent publication." LOWNDES. 
 
 The English Baronage, 1727, 4to, vol. i. ; all pub. This 
 was intended as a specimen of a Baronage upon an ex 
 tended plan. Life of W. Cecil, Lord Burleigh, 1732, 8vo. 
 Proceedings, Precedents, <fcc. on claims and controversies 
 concerning Baronies, <fcc., 1734, fol. Antiquaries, and 
 members of the legal profession, should have this volume 
 on their shelves. Life, Ac. of Edward, Prince of Wales, 
 son of Edward III., 1740, 8vo. Family of Harley, 1741, 
 8vo. Sidney's Family Collections of Letters and Memo 
 rials of State, 1746, 2 vols. fol. Hist. Collections of the 
 Noble Families of Cavendish, Holies, Vere, Harley, and 
 Ogle, Lon., 1752, fol. Compiled at the request of the 
 Countess Dowager of Oxford. 
 
 "The merit of Collins's works is unquestionable, and to the 
 present day they have continued the great authorities to which 
 all subsequent writers on the same subject have had recourse." 
 MOULE. 
 
 " To the industry of Collins this country owes an account of its 
 Nobility which few others can show, and certainly none more cor 
 rect in genealogical detail." DALLAW AT. 
 
 Collins, C. T. Summary of Mosheim's Eccl. Hist., 
 Lon., 1822, 2 vols. 8vo. The Lost Church Found, 2d ed., 
 1837, 8vo. 
 
 Collins, Charles, D.D., born 1813, at Cumberland, 
 Maine. Graduated at Wesleyan University, 1837. Presi 
 dent of the Emory and Henry College, Va., from 1838 to 
 1852 ; in which year he became President of Dickinson 
 College, Pa. Principal work, Methodism and Calvinism 
 compared. Has contributed extensively to the Methodist 
 Journals of U. S. 
 
 . Collins, Charles. Iconea Avium, cum nominibus 
 Anglicis: Designed by C. Collins, H. Fletcher, and J. 
 Myrde, Sc., 1736 ; 8 Engravings. 
 
 Collins, David, 1756-1810> Judge Advocate of New 
 
 j South Wales, subsequently Governor of Van Diemen's 
 ' Land. Account of the English Colony in New South 
 
 Wales, with some Particulars of New Zealand from Lt. 
 
 Gov. King's MSS., &c., Lon., 1798-1802, 2 vols. 4to. 
 " A siugulai-ly curious and painfully interesting Journal, which 
 
 may be considered as a sort of Botany Bay Calendar." ion. 
 
 Quarterly JReview. 
 
 Collins,Francis. Voyages to Portugal, Spain, Sicily, 
 Malta, Asia Minor, Egypt,<fcc., 1794-1801, Lon.,1808, 12mo. 
 
 Collins, G. W. The Stamp Acts, Lon., 1841, 8vo. 
 
 Collins, Greenville. G. B. Coasting Pilot, 1 693, fol. 
 
 Collins, Hercules. Theolog. treatises, 1673-1702. 
 
 Collins, J. Sermons. 
 
 Collins, John, 1624-1683, an eminent mathematician, 
 a native of Wood Eaton, near Oxford, contributed greatly 
 to the diffusion of mathematical knowledge. Description 
 and use of three Quadrants, Lon., 1658, 4to. Geomet. and 
 Arithmet. Navigation, 1659, 4to. Geomet. Dialling, 1659, 
 4to. Commercium Epistolicum, &c., 1712, 4to. Other 
 publications. 
 
 ' Collins was the register of all the new improvements made in 
 the mathematical science; the magazine to which all the curious 
 had recourse; and the common repository where every part of 
 useful knowledge was to be found. It was on this account that 
 the learned styled him ' the English Mercenus.' " 
 
 See Biog. Brit. ; Martin's Biog. Philos. 
 
 Collins, John M., and Ludlow, James R., editors 
 of the 2d Amer. edit, of Adams's (John, Jr.) Equity, 1852, 
 8vo. The value of Mr. Adams's work on The Doctrine of 
 Equity can hardly be exaggerated. It is a commentary on 
 the Law as administered by the Court of Chancery ; being 
 the substance, with additions, of three series of Lectures 
 delivered before the Incorporated Law Society of London, 
 in the years 1842-45. The volume was pub. in Nov., 1849, 
 shortly^ after the death of the author, who had added his 
 final corrections to the whole of the work, with the excep 
 tion of the last four chapters of the fourth book. The 3d 
 American ed., by H. Wharton, reflects great credit on the 
 editors and publishers. 
 
 " The task of the American editors has been well performed. 
 Their notes are frequent, able, and full. Over two thousand cases 
 from our reports have been added. The typographical execution 
 of the work is of the highest order. In paper and printing, no 
 law books in the United States surpass the recent publications of 
 the Messrs. Johnson." American Law .Register, Nov., 1852. 
 
 " The character of the work is well established, as is proved by 
 a demand for a second edition in this country, whose value is 
 much increased by the labours of its American editors." JUDGB 
 GRIER. 
 
 " The notes of Mr. Ludlow and Mr. Collins have been prepared 
 carefully, and embody very fairly the American decisions on the 
 topics discussed in the text." JUDGE KANE. 
 
 " Of the value of the original work I need not speak. The pre 
 sent edition has been ably and carefully enriched with annotations, 
 which add greatly to its value. The notes are judicious and accu 
 rate." JUDGE SHARSWOOD. 
 
 " The arrangement is clear and comprehensive; the doctrines 
 are generally stated with accuracy, and the whole subject is judi 
 ciously presented." E. SPENCER MILLER. 
 
 " It is a treatise of great merit and originality." JAMES P. HOL- 
 COMBE, Pi-of. of Equity in the Univ. of Virginia. 
 
 " It is a work of great intrinsic value, enhanced by the judicious 
 and well-selected notes of Messrs. Ludlow and Collins, and I doubt 
 not will be highly esteemed by the profession." S. GREENLEAF. 
 
 Collins, Joshua, an assumed name. Address on the 
 Choice and use of Books, Lon., 1802, 8vo; 4th ed., 1805, 
 12mo ; new ed., revised and enlarged by Rev. Saml. Catlow, 
 1812, 12mo. 
 
 " This little book contains the best list of English works known." 
 WATT. 
 
 Collins, Nicholas. Summary of the Statutes con 
 cerning Justices of the Peace; 4th ed., 1663, 12mo. 
 
 Collins, R. N. Sunday School Teacher's Companion, 
 with introduc. Essay by Rev. Dr. Moore, Lon., 143, 8vo. 
 It is a standing reproach to selfish men, styled Christians, 
 that Sunday Schools should ever lack teachers. 
 
 Collins, Richard. Country Ganger's Vade-Mecum, 
 1677, 8vo. 
 
 Collins, Richard. Serms., 1705, '15, '16. 
 
 Collins, Samuel. Serms., &c., 1607, '12, '17. 
 
 Collins, Samuel, M.D. The Present State of Russia, 
 Lon., 1671, 12mo. 
 
 " We can answer for this little 12mo comprising a fund of amus 
 ing matter infinitely more copious than many very large and fine 
 works, and that upon not very dissimilar subjects." See Review 
 in the Lon. Retrospective Rev., xiv. 32, 1826. 
 
 Collins, Samuel. Paradise Retrieved; or the Me 
 thod of managing and improving Fruit Trees ; with a Trea 
 tise on Melons and Cucumbers, Lon., 1717, 8vo. 
 
 Collins, Thomas. The Penitent Publican, 1610. 
 The Teares of Love, or Cupid's Progresse, 1615, 4to. See 
 extracts from this poetical tract in Todd's Milton. 
 
 Collins, Thomas. Physic and Chirurgery,1658,8vo. 
 
COL 
 
 COL 
 
 Collins, Thomas. Dissertatio de Frigidse Lava- 
 tionis Antiquitate et usu in Medicina, Lyons, 1720, 4to. 
 
 Collins, Thomas. Serms., 1787, '94. 
 
 Collins, Thomas. Ready Reckoner, 1801, 24mo. 
 
 Collins, W. Memoir of George Morland, 1806. 
 
 Collins, Walsingham. Address to Rep. in Parlia 
 ment, Lon., 1778, 8vo. 
 
 Collins, William, 1720-1756, a lyric poet of the first 
 rank, was a native of Chichester, and educated at Win 
 chester School, and Queen's College, and Magdalen College, 
 Oxford. Whilst at Winchester he wrote his Persian Ec 
 logues, which were pub. in January, 1742. 
 
 'In simplicity of description and expression, in delicacy and 
 softness of numbers, and iu natural and unaffected tenderness, 
 they are not to be equalled by any thing of the pastoral kind in 
 the" English language." LANGHOKNE. 
 
 " In his last illness he spoke with disapprobation of his Oriental 
 Eclogues, as not sufficiently expressive of Asiatic manners, and 
 called them his Irish Eclogues." Life by Dr. Johnson. 
 
 About 1744 he came to London, "a literary adventurer, 
 with many projects in his head, and very little money in 
 his pockets." He pub. Proposals for a History of the Re 
 vival of Learning, planned several tragedies, and designed 
 many works which he never wrote. 
 
 " His great fault was irresolution; or the frequent calls of im 
 mediate necessity broke his scheme, and suffered him to pursue 
 no settled purpose." DR. JOHNSON. See Disraeli's comments upon 
 Johnson's remarks : Calamities of Authors. 
 
 In 1747 he pub. his Odes, but excellent as they were, 
 they were entirely neglected, and Millar, the publisher, was 
 a loser by the operation. In 1749 the unsuccessful poet 
 received a legacy of 2000 from the executors of his uncle, 
 Colonel Martin, who had previously befriended him. He 
 paid Millar the money which he had lost by the Odes, and 
 threw the remaining copies into the fire. An irregular 
 life had combined with mortification and disappointment 
 to unsettle his mind, and to avert the fearful calamity with 
 which he felt himself threatened, he travelled for some 
 time in France, in hopes of benefit from change of scene. 
 But he returned home to- enter that sad mansion a luna 
 tic asylum; from which he retired to the house of his sister 
 at Chichester, where he died at the early age of thirty-six. 
 Johnson visited him at Islington, and gives an affecting 
 account of the interview. Collins held a volume in his 
 hand. "I have but one book," he remarked, "but that is 
 the best." It was a copy of the New Testament. Several 
 edits, of his works have been pub. ; one of the best of which 
 is that by Rev. Alexander Dyce, which includes the Life by 
 Johnson, and Observations on his Writings by Dr. Lang- 
 horne, Lon., 1827, r. 8vo. See Collections of English 
 Poetry by Johnson, Bell, Anderson, Ac. The Odes on the 
 Passions, To Evening, To the Brave, To Mercy, and On 
 the Death of Thomson, can never become obsolete. We 
 append some opinions upon the works of this truly excel 
 lent poet : 
 
 "The works of Collins will abide comparison with whatever 
 Milton wrote under the age of thirty. If they have rather less 
 exuberant wealth of genius, they have more exquisite touches of 
 pathos. Like Milton, he leads us into the haunted ground of 
 imagination : like him, he has the rich economy of expression hal 
 lowed with thought, which by single or few words often hints 
 entire pictures to the imagination. . . . Had he lived to enjoy and 
 adorn existence, it is not easy to conceive his sensitive spirit and 
 harmonious ear descending to mediocrity in any path of poetry; 
 yet it may be doubted if his mind had not a passion for the vi 
 sionary and remote forms of imagination too strong and exclusive 
 for the general purposes of the drama." Campbell's Lives of the 
 Itets. 
 
 " One of our most exquisite poets, and of whom, perhaps, with 
 out exaggeration, it may be asserted, that he partook of the cre 
 dulity and enthusiasm of Tasso, the magic wildness of Shakspeare 
 the sublimity of Milton, and the pathos of Ossian." Drake's Lite 
 rary Hours. 
 
 " He had a wonderful combination of excellencies. United to 
 splendour and sublimity of imagination, he had a richness of eru 
 dition, a keenness of research, a nicety of taste, and an elegance 
 and truth of moral reflection, which astonished those who had the 
 luck to be intimate with him." SIR EGERTON BRTDGES. 
 
 " Of all our minor poets, that is, those who have attempted onl, 
 short pieces, Collins is probably the one who has shown most of 
 the higher qualities of poetry, and who excites the most intense 
 interest in the bosom of the reader. He soars into the regions of 
 imagination, and occupies the highest peaks of Parnassus. His 
 fancy is glowing and vivid, but at the same time hasty and obscure 
 He has the true inspiration of the poet. He heats and melts ob 
 jects, in the fervour of his genius, as in a furnace." HAZUTT. 
 
 " Hia diction was often harsh and unskilfully laboured and in 
 judiciously selected. He affected the obsolete when it was 110 
 worthy of revival; and he puts his words out of the common 
 order, seeming to think, with some later candidates for fame, tha 
 not to write prose is certainly to write poetry. His lines com 
 monly are of slow motion, clogged and impeded with clusters of 
 consonants. As men are often esteemed who cannot be loved, so 
 the poetry of Collins may sometimes extort praise when it jri'ves 
 little pleasure." JOHNSON : Lives of the English Poets 
 
 " Though utterly neglected on their first appearance, the Odea 
 >f Collins, in the course of one generation, without any adventi- 
 :ious aid to bring them into notice, were acknowledged to be the 
 >est of their kind in the language. Silently and imperceptibly 
 they had risen by their own buoyancy ; and their power was felt by 
 every reader who had any poetic feeling." SOUTHEY. 
 
 An excellent ed. of Collins's works was edited by Mr. 
 Thomas and pub. Lon., 1858, 8vo. 
 
 Collins, William Wilkie, b. 1824, in London. 
 1. Memoirs of his Father, William Collins, R.A., the cele 
 brated painter, Lon., 1848, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 Sometimes the son describes a picture as happily as the father 
 painted it." Lon. Examiner. 
 
 "Most interesting and instructive volumes. In speaking of 
 himself, he describes with much simplicity a frame of mind well 
 calculated for the achievement of distinction in any walk of life, 
 but more especially in the profession of art." Lon. Art Journal. 
 
 2. Antonina; or, The Fall of Rome; 2d ed., 1850. 3. 
 Rambles beyond Railways, 1851, 8vo. 4. Basil, 1852, 3 
 vols. p. 8vo; 1856, 12mo. 5. Mr.Wray's Cash-Box, 1852, 
 12mo. 6. Hide and Seek, 1854, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 7. After 
 Dark, 1856, 12mo. 8. Dead Secret, 1857, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 Mr. Wilkie Collins has justified the expectations that were 
 formed of him on the appearance of his first acknowledged romance, 
 Antonina.' Since theu helms gone on steadily improving, each 
 rork making progress on the preceding one; and this, we believe, 
 is the most acceptable praise that can be offered to an artist. In 
 his earlier works he delighted in the morbid anatomy and painful 
 delineation of monstrous growths of miscalled human nature. Aa 
 his mind has matured and mellowed, it has become healthier. Mr. 
 Wilkie Collins has his faculty of invention well under control; and 
 he keeps clear of extravagance either in style or incident." Lon. 
 Athen., Mar. 1, 1856 : After Dark. 
 
 His works have been translated into French and German. 
 Collinson, G. D. A Treatise on the Law concern 
 ing Idiots, Lunatics, and other Persons Non Compotes 
 Mentis, Lon. 1812, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Collinson on Lunacy, I take this occasion to say, is a valuable 
 work, both for doctrine and precedents, on this melancholy sub 
 ject of the human mind in ruins." CHANCELLOR KENT. 
 
 Collinson,John. Life of Thuanus, <fcc.,Lon.,1807,8vo. 
 " It is said that Lord Chancellor Hardwicke resigned the seals 
 that he might have leisure to peruse Thuanus's History." 
 
 The best edit, of Thuanus's Historiam sui Temporis is 
 Buckley's, Londini, 1753, 7 vols. fol. Analysis of Hook 
 er's Eccles. Polity, 1810, 8vo. Key to the Fathers; being 
 8 Sermons at the Bampton Lecture, 1813, 8vo. 
 
 " We recommend this work either as a key to those who are de 
 sirous of scrutinizing these rich treasures of antiquity (the Fa 
 thers) in the course of their own labours ; or as the best substitute 
 for them, to those who wish only to be generally acquainted with 
 their contents." British Critic. 
 
 Preparation for the Gospel, Ac., 1830, 8vo. 
 Collinson, John. Beauties of British Antiquity; 
 selected from the writings of esteemed Antiquaries, Lon., 
 1780, 8vo. Hist, and Antiq. of the County of Somerset, 
 Bath, 1791, 3 vols. 4to. 
 
 Collinson, Peter, 1693-1768, an eminent botanist, 
 a native of Westmoreland, contributed many valuable pa 
 pers to the Phil. Trans. See 1729, '44, '50, '55, '59, '64, 
 '67. A paper of his relating to the Round Tower at Ard- 
 mere in Ireland will be found in Archaeologia, i. 305, 1770. 
 This was answered by B. 0. Salusbury, in p. 80 of vol. 2d. 
 An Account of P. Collinson was printed, not pub., Lon., 
 1770, 4to. Dr. J. C. Lettsom pub. in 1786, 8vo, Memoirs 
 of Drs. Fothergill, Cuming, Cleghorn, Russel, and Col 
 linson. A Tribute to Peter Collinson was contributed by 
 the late Wm. H. Dillingham of Philadelphia to the Biblical 
 Repertory, Princeton, (New Jersey,) and since pub. in 
 pamphlet form. See also Nichols's Literary Anecdotes 
 for notices of Peter Collinson. 
 
 Collis, Edward. Medical treatise, Lon., 1791, 8vo. 
 Collisson. M. A. 17 Sermons, 1848, 12mo. 
 Collop, John. M.D. Poesy revived. Odi Profanum 
 Vulgus et Arceo, Lon., 1656, 8vo. Iter Satyricum, 1660, 4to. 
 Collot, A. G., b. 1796, in France. Settled in America. 
 Complete Study of French, 6 vols. French and English, 
 and English and French Dictionary, 8vo, pp. 1300 Phi 
 ladelphia, 1853. 
 
 "A very valuable and reliable work." 
 
 Colls, John H. Poetical and dramat. works, 1785- 
 1805. 
 
 Colly, Anthony. Golden Purging Pills, 1671, 4to. 
 Collyer, B. Fugitive Pieces for Schools, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 Collyer, David, Vicar of Great Coxwell, Berks. 
 The Sacred Interpreter, Lon., 1726, 2 vols. 8vo. ; trans, 
 into German in 1750. Several English edits.; the last 
 Lon., 1831, 8vo. 
 
 " This work is calculated for readers in general, and is a good 
 popular preparation for the study of the Holy Scriptures." BISHOP 
 
 Also recommended by Bishops Watson, Lloyd, Van 
 Mildert, Drs. E. Williams, Burton, and others. 
 
COL 
 
 COL 
 
 "It is not a profound or critical book; but it is a tolerable in 
 troduction to the Scriptures." ORME. 
 
 Collyer, J. 1. Sermon. 2. Remarks, 1812. 
 Collyer, John. New Game Act, Lon., 1831, 12mo. 
 Criminal Statutes, <fcc., Analyzed and Arranged, 1832, 
 12mo. Reports of Cases in H. C. of Chancery, H. T., 1844 
 to II. T., 1845, 1845-47, 2 vols. r. 8vo., continued by Messrs. 
 De Gex and Smale. Practical Treatise on the Law of 
 Partnership, 2d ed., greatly enlarged, Lon., 1840, 8vo. 
 1st and 2d ed., American edits., by W. Phillips and E. 
 Pickering, Springfield, 1834-39 ; 3d Amer. edit., by J. C. 
 Perkins with large addits., Boston, 1848; and 4th Amer. 
 edit, with Perkins's notes, 1853. 
 
 " In the preparation of this work, Mr. Perkins has rendered a 
 benefit to the profession which should not pass unnoticed." Law 
 Reporter. 
 
 " The best English treatise on the law of partnership is unques 
 tionably that of Mr. Collyer, as containing a full statement of the 
 principal decisions of Lord Eldon, whose subtle and powerful legal 
 intellect pre-eminently distinguished itself in cases of partnership 
 and bankruptcy." Warren's Law Studies, 761. 
 
 Collyer, John B. Sermon, 1806. Charge, 1846. 
 Collyer, Joseph, d. 1776. Parent's Directory, 1761. 
 Trans, from the German : Noah, 1767, 2 vols. 12mo. Hist, 
 of Lady S., 1776, 2 vols. 8vo. Continuation of Klopstock's 
 Messiah, commenced by his wife, Mary Collyer, pub. in 
 1763, 2 vols. 12mo. Collyer also pub. the Hist, of Eng 
 land, 1775, 14 vols. 12mo, and assisted in writing a Geog. 
 Hist, and Biog. Diet, of the World, 1772, 2 vols. fol. His 
 works are now forgotten. 
 
 Collyer, Mary, d. 1763, wife of the preceding. Let 
 ters from Felicia to Charlotte, Lon., 1750, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 Trans, of Gesner's Death of Abel, 1761, 12mo. She com 
 menced a trans, of Klopstock's Messiah, but did not finish 
 it. It was completed by her husband, and pub. in 1763, 
 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Collyer, William Bengo, D.D., d. 1854, Minister 
 of the Independent Chapel, Peckham. Lectures on Scrip 
 ture Facts, Lon., 1807 ; On Scripture Prophecy, 1809 ; On 
 Scripture Miracles, 1812; On Scripture Parables, 1815 ; 
 On Scripture Doctrines, 1818; On Scripture Duties, 1820; 
 On Scripture Comparisons, 1822 ; in all 7 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "The popular Lectures embrace a multitude of important sub 
 jects, and afford strong proofs of the laborious diligence of the well- 
 known author. They do not contain much Biblical criticism or 
 interpretation ; which indeed would scarcely have suited the wri 
 ter's plan and subject. But they contain many interesting views 
 of the diversified topics which they discuss, and constantly weave 
 the leading principles of the evangelical system into every subject." 
 ORME : BM. Bib. 
 
 Dr. Collyer pub. some other works. 
 Collyn, Nich. Justice of the Peace, Ac., 1650, 8vo. 
 Collyns, W., Surgeon. Ten Minutes' Advice to my 
 Neighbours, on the Use and Abuse of Salt as a Manure, 
 Exeter, 1827, 8vo. 
 
 Colman, Miss. First Lesson in French, Phila., 
 16mo. Ladies' Casket, 32mo. Ladies' Vase of Wild 
 Flowers, 32mo. 
 
 Colman, Mrs. The Bridal Keepsake, New York, 
 1850, 8vo. Innocence of Childhood, New York, 1850. 
 
 " Mrs. Colman writes in a style so easy and so true to nature, 
 that the stories contained in this little book cannot fail to please 
 the youthful mind." Boston Transcript. 
 
 Colman, Benjamin, D.D., b. 1673, at Boston, and 
 first minister of the Brattle Street Church, graduated at 
 Harvard College, in 1692. He pub. many sermons and 
 other works, for an account of which see his Life, by his 
 son-in-law, Mr. Turell, 1749, 8vo. Evangelical Sermons 
 Collected, 1707, '22, 3 vols. 
 
 " The reader will find some of the most spiritual and evangeli 
 cal subjects treated with a vein of good sense and true piety, and 
 sacred truth agreeably represented." DR. ISAAC WATTS. 
 
 Colman, George, 1733 P-1794, was the son of Thomas 
 Colman, British resident at the court of the Grand Duke of 
 Tuscany, at Pisa. George was born at Florence, but placed 
 early in life at Westminster School, where he attracted at 
 tention by his talents and application. He was elected to 
 Christ Church College, Oxford, in 1751, and took the degree 
 of M.A. in 1758. Upon coming to London he studied law, 
 and was entered of the Society of Lincoln's Inn; but poetry 
 and the drama were more congenial to his tastes, and Little 
 ton and Blackstone were soon abandoned. His first drama 
 tic piece, Polly Honeycomb, was acted at Drury Lane in 
 1760, with great success; and his reputation was increased 
 by The Jealous Wife, which appeared in the next year. 
 When quite young, he had contributed some excellent pa 
 pers to The Connoisseur, and about 1761 he pub. many hu 
 morous pieces in the St. James's Chronicle, (of which he 
 was proprietor,) in which Bonnel Thornton, his old ally in 
 the Connoisseur, was also a writer. In 1761 Lord Bath, 
 a connexion,left him a handsome annuity, which was in- 
 .414 
 
 creased by the demise of General Pulteney (Lord Bath'a 
 successor) in 1767. In 1764 he pub. a Trans, of the Come 
 dies of Terence, into familiar English blank Verse, 4to; 
 and 1768, 2 vols. 8vo. This publication displayed uncom 
 mon abilities. 
 
 "A better translation cannot be expected ; it is such as Terence 
 deserved, and done by a man of almost equal comic powers with 
 himself." DR. A. CLARKE. 
 
 In 1768 he became one of the proprietors of Covent- 
 Garden theatre, from which he soon retired, and subse 
 quently conducted the Haymarket theatre. He wrote 
 pieces (the list of his productions includes 35) for the stage, 
 and trans, others from the French. In 1783 he pub. a new 
 Trans, of Horace^s Art of Poetry, with a commentary, in 
 which he overthrows Dr. Hurd's hypothesis of the origin 
 of this work. In 1789 he lost his reason, and died in 1794. 
 His Dramatic Works were pub. in 1777, 4 vols. 8vo. This 
 collection does not contain all of his dramatic publications. 
 His Miscellaneous Works were pub. in 1787, 3 vols. 12mo; 
 and some particulars of his Life, written by himself, in 
 
 1795, 8vo. 
 
 " As a scholar he holds a very respectable rank, as may be seen 
 by his translations of Horace's Art of Poetry, and of the comedies 
 of Terence; and his manners were as pleasing as his talents were 
 respectable." 
 
 See Biog. Dramat. ; Pref. to the Connoisseur. 
 
 Colman, George, the younger, 1762-1836, son of the 
 preceding, was educated at Westminster School, Christ 
 Church College, Oxford, and King's College, Aberdeen. 
 He wrote many plays, of which The Iron Chest, 1796, was 
 perhaps the most striking, and John Bull the most profit 
 able. Sir Walter Scott commends the latter highly. See 
 Biog. Dramat. He also pub. My Nightgown and Slippers, 
 1797, 4to; enlarged and repub. under the title of Broad 
 Grins, Lon., 1802, 8vo; 8th edit., 1839, 12mo. 
 
 " Few books have caused more loud laughs than the Broad Grins 
 of George Colman the younger; it is a happy union of mirth and 
 the muse, and good jokes are related in so agreeable and facetious 
 a manner, that they can scarcely be forgotten." Lon. Lit. Chron. 
 
 " What antic have we here, in motley livery of red and yellow, 
 with cap on head, and dagger of lath in hand? It is the king's 
 jester, a professed droll, strangely gifted in all grimace, who pulls 
 faces, and sells grins by the yard. For the impudent joke he has 
 scarcely an equal." Westminster Review. 
 
 Poetical Vagaries, 1812, 4to. Vagaries Defended, 1813, 
 4to. Eccentricities for Edinburgh; Poems, Edin., 1816, 
 8vo. Poetical Works ; Broad Grins, Vagaries, and Eccen 
 tricities, Lon., 1840, 24mo. The 1st edit, of The Iron Chest, 
 
 1796, 8vo, contains severe strictures on John Philip Kem- 
 ble. In the later edits, these were cancelled. Random 
 Recollections, 1830, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " We consider these volumes to offer the most amusing, if not 
 the best, specimen of Dramatic Memoirs hitherto offered to the 
 public." Court Journal. 
 
 Colman, Henry. Serm., 1711, 4to. Essay. 
 Colman, Henry, 1785-1849, b. Boston. Reports of 
 the Agriculture of Massachusetts, Boston, 1840, Ac. Euro- 
 pean Agriculture and Rural Economy; 4th ed., 1851, 2 
 vols. 8vo. Agriculture and Rural Economy of France, 
 Belgium, Holland, and Switzerland, 1848, 8vo. European 
 Life and Manners, 1849, 2 vols. 12mo. Sermons, 2 vols. 
 
 Colman, Morgan. Genealogies of K. James and-Queen 
 Anne, his wife, from the Conquest, 1608, 4to. See GRANGER. 
 Colman, W. La Dance Machabre, or Death's Duell, 
 Lon., 163-, 12mo. See British Bibliographer, ii. 463. 
 " Though not perform'd with that poeticke fire, 
 The niceness of our present times inspire; 
 He spoyles the operation of a pill, 
 Conformeth it onto the patient's will." 
 
 Poem by the " author to his toot." 
 
 Sold at Reed's sale, 6661, 7 15. 
 
 Colmore, Matthew. Oratio Funebris, Ac., Oxf., 
 1613, 4to. 
 
 Colnett, James, Capt., R.N. Voyage to the South 
 Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, for the purpose of extending 
 the Spermaceti Whale Fisheries, and ascertaining the Is 
 lands, Ports, Ac., Lon., 1798, 4to. This Voyage was made 
 in 1793, '94, and extended Northward as far as the coast 
 of California, 
 
 Colnett, William, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1711, 4to. 
 
 Colpitts, T. Improvements in Police, 1803, 8vo. 
 
 Colquhoun, Mrs. Maurice, the Elector of Saxony, 
 Lon., 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " Mrs. Colquhoun has spared no pains or research to make her 
 self mistress of her subject. It has all the merits of a sterling 
 history." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 "Interwoven with historical facts, we have a romance of stirring 
 adventure. Tho facility of invention displayed is remarkable. H 
 teems with incidents. The style is fluent." Court Journal,. 
 
 Colquhoun,D.C. Animal Magnetism,Lon.,3 vols.Svo. 
 
 Colquhoun, J. C. Education in Ireland, Chclt., 18^8, 
 12mo. Hints on the question now affecting the Church of 
 
COL 
 
 Scotland, Glasg., 1840, 8vo. Isis Revelata: Seven Lec 
 tures OB Somnambulism; trans, from the German of Dr. 
 Arnold Wienholt, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 " A very extraordinary work, full of profound thought, and very 
 elegantly translated." Lon. Medical Times. 
 
 Magic, Witchcraft, Ac., 1851, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Short 
 Sketches of some Notable Lives, 1855, 12mo. 
 
 Colquhoun, Lady Janet, 1781-1846, daughter of 
 Sir John Sinclair of Ulster, wife of Sir James Colquhoun 
 of Rossdhu. Narrative founded on Facts, 1822. Thoughts 
 on the Religious Profession and Practice of Scotland, 1823. 
 Impression of the Heart, 1825. Sorrowing yet Rejoicing. 
 
 " Pervaded throughout by a tone of the most evangelical devo 
 tion." Scottish Guardian. 
 
 Despair and Hope. The Kingdom of God. The World's 
 Religion as contrasted with Genuine Christianity, 1839. 
 
 " We should particularly recommend this excellent volume to 
 be put into the hands of such educated young females as admire 
 the writings of Hannah More, and are able to relish them. The 
 pious and gifted writer treats her subjects under the evident in 
 fluence of great spirituality of feeling, very clearly, and very im 
 pressively." Lon. Watchman. 
 
 The Memoirs of this excellent woman were pub. by Rev. 
 James Hamilton, Lon., 1854; 4th ed., Svo. A Memoir of her 
 sister, Miss Hannah Sinclair, who died in 1818, was pub. by 
 Rev. Legh Richmond. A vol. of her Letters on the Prin 
 ciples of Christian Faith was given to the world after her 
 decease, and a collective ed. of her works in 1851, Svo. 
 Colquhoun, John, D.D. Spirit. Comfort, 1813, 12mo. 
 
 "This is suited rather for the depressed, than the backslider." 
 
 BlCKERSTETH. 
 
 The Covenant of Grace, 1818. 
 
 Colquhoun, John. The Moor and the Loch, Lon., I 
 3d edit., 1851, Svo. 
 
 " The Moor and the Loch is the book of the season." Lon. Sport- \ 
 ing Review. 
 
 " Unpretending, clear, and practical, and does honour to the j 
 ' parent lake.' The book breathes of the mountain and the flood, 
 and will carry the sportsman back to the days of his youth." Lon. 
 Quarterly Review. 
 
 The Rocks and Rivers of Scotland, Lon., 1849, p. Svo. 
 " Mr. Colquhoun, we believe, was the first (with one exception) 
 who occupied this field of letters : assuredly he has not been its 
 least successful cultivator." Edin. Even. Courant. 
 
 Colquhouilj Lud. Report of the Proceedings under 
 a Brieve of Idiotry, Duncan v. Yoolow, Edin., 1837, Svo. 
 " A work of no ordinary value." Ed. Med. and Surg. Jour. 
 Colquhoun, Patrick, LL.D., 1745-1820, a native of 
 Scotland. Police of the Metropolis, Lon., 1796, Svo; 8th 
 edit., 1806, Svo. 
 
 " A curious, important, and interesting work." LOWNDES. 
 Commerce and Police of the River Thames, 1800, Svo. 
 Treatise on Indigence, 1806, Svo. On the Wealth, Power, 
 and Resources of the British Empire; 2d edit., 1815, 4to. 
 " This work enjoyed for a while a considerable degree of popu 
 larity, to which it certainly had but slender claims. It is, from 
 beginning to end, a tissue of extravagant hypotheses and exagge 
 ration." McCuLLOCH : Lit. of Polit. Economy. 
 
 System of Education for the labouring People, 1806, Svo. 
 Colquhoun, Patrick. Summary of Roman Civil 
 Law, illustrated by Commentaries on, and Parables from, 
 the Mosaic, Canon, Mohammedan, English, and Foreign 
 Law; vol. i., Lon., 1850, r. Svo; vol. ii., 1851-53. 
 Colrane. See COLERAINE, LORD. 
 Colse, Peter. Penelope's Complaint; or a Mirror 
 for Wanton Minions. Taken out of Homer's Odissea, and 
 written in English Verse, Lon., 1596, 4to : 32 leaves. A 
 copy in a bookseller's catalogue is priced 15 15s. 
 
 " While Peter Colse indulged an obliquity of reflection against 
 "Willobie's Avisa, he avowedly imitated its style and structure of 
 lyric versification." Restituta, iii. 532. 
 
 Colson. Langue Toscane, Lon., Svo. 
 Colson, Charles. Serm. on the Eucharist, 1844, Svo. 
 Colson, John, d. 1760, Prof, of Mathematics at Cam 
 bridge. Method of Fluxions, <fec., trans, from the Latin of 
 Sir I. Newton, Lon., 1736, 4to. Analytical Institutions, 
 from the Italian of Agnesi ; edited by John Hellins, 1801, 
 2 vols. 4to. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1707, '26, '36, 
 
 Colson, Nath. Mariner's N. Kalendar, 1697, 4to. 
 Colson, Wm. 1. Arith. 2. Fr. Grammar, 1612, '20. 
 Colston, Launcelot. Philosophia Maturatae ; con 
 taining the practical part thereof in giving the Philosopher's 
 Stone ; whereunto is added a work compiled by St. Dunstan, 
 Lon., 1668, 12mo. 
 
 Colston, Marianne. Journal of a Tour in France, 
 Switzerland, and Italy, 1819, '20, 21 ; and 50 Prints illus 
 trative of the above Tour. 
 
 " The Author appears to have been indefatigable in her researches, 
 and she has given us descriptions of every object in her route 
 ^which was worthy of the smallest notice; so that her volume will 
 be a great acquisition to future Tourists, as well as a fund of in 
 formation and amusement to stay-at-home Travellers." European 
 Mcig.> Aug. 1823. 
 
 COL 
 
 Coltheart, P. Quacks Unmasked, 1727, 4to. 
 Colthrop, Sir Henry. The Liberties, Usages, and 
 Customs of the City of London, Lon., 1642, 4to. Reprinted 
 in the Somers Collection of Tracts, vol. v. 
 
 Coltman, John, d. 1808. Every Man's Monitor, 1781, 
 12mo ; a collection of sentences and maxims. 
 
 Coltman, N. New Traveller's Companion, 1808, 4to. 
 Colton, Caleb C., d. 1832, Vicar of Kew and Peter 
 sham, was educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge. 
 Narrative of the Sampford Ghost, 1810, Svo. Hypocrisy, 
 a satirical Poem, 1812-, Svo. Napoleon, a Poem, 1812, Svo. 
 Lines on the Conflagration of Moscow, 1816, Svo. Lacon, 
 or Many Things in Few Words, 1820, Svo; 6th ed., 1821; 
 vol. ii., 1822. In th preparation of this work, Mr. C. 
 profited by the Essays of Bacon and the Materials of 
 Burdon. It is one of the most excellent collections of 
 apothegms in the language, but benefited none less than 
 the author. A passion for gaming involved him in embar 
 rassments, which forced him to abscond to America in 1828, 
 to avoid his creditors. He next took up his residence at 
 Paris, where he was so successful at play that in two years 
 or less he is said to have cleared 25,000. A dread of an 
 impending surgical operation so preyed upon his mind, that 
 he blew out his brains whilst on a visit to Major Sherwell 
 at Fontainebleau. What a commentary upon one of his 
 own apothegms in Lacon : 
 
 " The gamester, if he die a martyr to his profession, is doubly 
 ruined. He adds his soul to every other loss, and by the act of 
 suicide, renounces earth to forfeit heaven!" 
 
 Colton, Rev. Calvin, 1789-1857, a native of Long 
 Meadow, Massachusetts, graduated at Yale College in 
 1812. In 1831 he visited England, where he remained for 
 four years as a correspondent of the New York Observer. 
 He was appointed Prof, of Political Economy in Trinity 
 College, Hartford. 1. A Manual for Emigrants to America, 
 Lon., 1832. 2. History and Character of American Re 
 vivals of Religion; 3d ed. 3. The Americans; by an 
 American in London, 1833. 4. The American Cottager. 
 5. A Tour of American Lakes, 2 vols. 6. Church and 
 State in America; being a Reply to the Bishop of London. 
 7. Four Years in Great Britain, N.Y., 1835. 8. Protestant 
 Jesuitism, 1836. 9. Thoughts on the Religious State of the 
 Country, and Reasons for Preferring Episcopacy, written 
 by Mr. C. at the time he left the Presbyterian ministry 
 and took orders in the Episcopal Church. 10. Abolition 
 a Sedition, and Abolition and Colonization Contrasted, 
 1838. 11. A Voice from America to England, 1839. 12. 
 The Crisis of the Country, 1840. 13. Junius Tracts, 1840- 
 43-44. 14. The Rights of Labor, 1844. 15. Public 
 Economy for the United States, 1848, Svo. 16. Genius 
 and Mission of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the 
 U.S., 1853. In 1844 he visited Henry Clay, and obtained 
 from him the necessary materials for the preparation of 
 his Life and Speeches, N.Y., 1844, 2 vols. Svo. After Mr. 
 Clay's death he edited Private Correspondence of Henry 
 Clay, 1855, Svo. Last Seven Years of the Life of Henry 
 Clay, 1856, Svo. Speeches of Henry Clay, 1S57, 2 vols. Svo. 
 Colton, George Hooker, 1818-1847. Tecumseh, 
 or The West Thirty Years Since; a Poem, New York, 1842, 
 12mo. An edit, of Cormenin's Orators of France, with an 
 Essay by J. T. Headley, from the 16th Paris ed., 1S47, 12mo 
 In 1844 Mr. Colton established the American Review. 
 Colton, J. O. Greek Reader. 
 Colton, Thomas. De Chylosi Vitiata, Lugd. Bat., 
 1691, 4to. 
 
 Colton, Walter, 1797-1851, a native of Rutland, 
 Vermont, was educated at Yale College, and the theological 
 seminary at Andover. In 1820 he was appointed chaplain 
 in the U. S. Navy, which situation enabled him to gratify 
 his love for travel, the results of which he has given to the 
 world in his popular volumes. Mr. C. was the author of 
 some poetical pieces also. He held for some time the office 
 of Alcalde of Monterey. Ship and Shore; new ed., edited 
 by Rev. Henry T. Cheever. 1851, 12mo. 
 
 " A most sprightly and aumsing book of Travels, which made 
 for its young author a reputation at once. . . . The present edition 
 has been remodelled under the tasteful and experienced eye of Mr. 
 Cheever, whose ample knowledge of the localities finely qualifies 
 him for the service." 
 
 A Visit to Constantinople and Athens; new ed., entitled 
 Land and Lee in the Bosphorus and JEgean, edited by Rev. 
 H. T. Cheever. 1851, 12mo. 
 
 " Replete with information descriptive of Oriental life and man 
 ners, customs and scenery." Parser's Journal. 
 
 Deck and Port : Incidents of a Cruise to California. 
 " A charming book, full of information and entertainment." 
 Three Years in California. 1850, 12mo. 
 "Graphic, instructive, and often in the most provoking degree 
 mirthful." National Intelligencer. 
 
COL 
 
 COM 
 
 The Sea and the Sailor; and other Literary Remains of [ 
 Kev. Walter Colton, with a Memoir edited by Rev. H. T. 
 Cheever. 1851, 12mo. 
 
 Columbanus, St., supposed to have been born about 
 540, died 615, was a native of the province of Leinster, 
 Ireland, according to respectable authorities, though Mac 
 kenzie claims him as a North Briton. He founded the 
 monastery of Luxeuil, near Besancon, in France, which he 
 governed for twenty years. In 613 he founded the Abbey 
 of Bobio, near Naples, and died there, Nov. 21, 615. His 
 poems "were first printed collectively by Goldasti in his 
 Parametici Veteres, 4 Insul., 1604. They are in vol. viii. 
 of the Bibl. Magna Patrum, Par., 1644, fol., and in vol. xii. 
 of the Bibl. Maxima Patrum, Lyons, 1677. His prose- 
 writings, consisting of theolog. discourses, penitentials, 
 letters, Ac., will be found in the two Bibliothecee noticed 
 above, and in the Collectanea of Fleming, Augs., 1621, 8vo. 
 
 Colvil, Saml. The Grand Imposture Discovered, 
 Edin., 1673, 4to. The Whigg's Supplication, or the Scots 
 Hudibras; a Mock Poem, Edin., 1657; several edits. See 
 a valuable paper on imitations of Hudibras this among 
 the number in Lon. Retrosp. Review, iii. 317, 1821. 
 
 Colvile, alias Coldewell, George. Trans, of Boe- 
 thius De Consolatione Philosophise, Lon., 1556, 4to. 
 
 Colville, John, d. 1607. The Palinode, Edin., 1600, 
 8vo. Paraenesis, Paris, 1601, 8vo. Oratio funebris exe- 
 quis Elizabethae Angliae Regise-destinata, Paris, 1604, 8vo. 
 
 Colville, William. Refreshing Streams, 1655, 4to. 
 Discourses, 1667, 73. Philosophia Moralis Christiana, 
 1670, 12rno. 
 
 Colvocoresses, Lt. Geo. M., b. 1816, in Greece; 
 Attach6 to the U.S. Exploring Expedition. Four Years 
 in the Government Expedition, New York, 1853, 12mo. 
 
 Colvvall, Daniel. Chem. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1672. 
 
 Colwell, Stephen, b. 25th March, 1800, in Brooke 
 CO., Va. ; grad. at Jefferson Coll., Pa., 1819 ; admitted to 
 the Bar in Va. in 1821 ; practised law for some time in 
 Pittsburg, but has been for many years past an iron- 
 merchant in Philadelphia. 1. A Letter to Members of 
 Legislature of Penna. on the Removal of Deposits from 
 the Bank of the U.S. by Order of the President of the 
 U.S., signed Mr. Penn, 1834, 8vo, pp. 45. 2. The Relative 
 Position in our Industry of Foreign Commerce, Domestic 
 Production, and Internal Trade, by Jonathan B. Wise, 
 Phila., 1850, 8vo, pp. 50. 3. New Themes for the Pro 
 testant Clergy, Ac., with Notes on the Lit. of Charity, Ac., 
 1851, 12mo. This work was censured- in A Review of New 
 Themes, 1852, 12mo, and New Themes Condemned, 1853, 
 12mo ; and supported in Hints to a Layman, 1853, 12mo, 
 and Charity and the Clergy, 1853, 12mo. 4. Politics for 
 American Christians, Ac., 1852, 8vo. 5. Article on Money 
 of Account in Merchant's Mag. for April, 1852, pp. 25. 6. 
 Preface and Notes to Race for Riches, 1853, pp. 54. 7. Po 
 sition of Christianity in U.S. in its Relations with our Po 
 litical System and Religious Instruction in Public Schools, 
 8vo, pp. 175. 8. The South : a Letter from a Friend in the 
 North with Reference to the Effects of Disunion upon Slavery, 
 1856, 8vo, pp. 46. 9. Preliminary Essays and Notes to the 
 National Economy of Frederick List, 1856, 8vo, pp. 67. 10. 
 Article on Money of Account in Banker's Mag., in numbers 
 of July and Aug. 1857, pp. 25. 11. The Ways and Means of 
 Commercial Payment; The Money-System and the Credit- 
 System, with the Agency of Money of Account; Analysis 
 of Former and Present Systems of Banking; An Account 
 of the Modes of Payment at the Fairs of Lyons and other 
 Cities; of the Banks of Venice, Genoa, Amsterdam, and 
 Hamburg, and the Bank of England, 1858, Svo, pp. 550. 
 Bee LIST, FREDERICK ; MAcCuLLOCH, JOHN RAMSAY. 
 
 Colwil, Alex., 1620-1676, pub. some controversial 
 tracts. He has been confounded with Samuel Colvil, (ante.) 
 Colyer, Thomas. Certain Queries, 1645, 12mo. 
 
 Colynet, Anthony. Civil Warres of France, Lon.,1591. 
 Combe, Andrew, M.D., 1797-1847, b. in Edinburgh; 
 studied medicine at Edinburgh and Paris, and, after taking 
 the degree of M.D., commenced practice in Edinburgh in 
 1823. App. consulting physician to the King of the Bel 
 gians, 1836. As early as 1818, like his brother, he became 
 a convert to Phrenology. Observations on Mental De 
 rangements, Edin., 1831, 12mo; Lon., 1841, p. Svo. 
 
 "The work is not surpassed by any one of its kind in medical 
 science." Med.-Chirurg. Rev., Oct. 1831. 
 
 The Principles of Physiology applied to the Preserva 
 tion of Health, Ac. ; 14th ed., 1852, p. Svo. From 1834 to 
 '41, 14,000 copies of this work were sold in Great Britain 
 and 3000 in the United States. 
 
 " It contains more sound philosophy, more true practical wisdom 
 relative to the all-important subject of preserving the health, than 
 416 
 
 any other volume in our language." Brit, and For. Med. Review, 
 Oct. 1841. 
 
 The Physiology of Digestion; 9th edit., 1849, p. Svo. 
 Trans, into German and Danish. 
 
 " It leaves nothing to be desired." Brit, and For. Med. Review, 
 Jan. 1842. 
 
 Physiological and Moral Management of Infancy; 6th 
 edit., 1847, p. Svo. 
 
 " It is a work which will clearly reveal to any person of common 
 understanding the main causes of health and sickness in children." 
 Westminster Review. 
 
 Experiments and Observations on the Gastric Juice, and 
 Physiology of Digestion, by William Beaumont, M.D., Sur 
 geon to the- U. S. Navy ; reprinted with Notes by Andrew 
 Combe, M.D., Lon., 1838, p. Svo. 
 
 " The profession owes Dr. Beaumont a debt of gratitude for his 
 disinterested labours, which we are convinced they never can re 
 pay : and Dr. C. is entitled to their thanks for putting the work 
 within their reach at so moderate a price." Dublin Medical Press, 
 April, 1840. 
 
 Dr. Beaumont's experiments were made upon Alexis St. 
 Martin, whose extraordinary case is well known to the 
 profession. See BEATTMONT, WM., M.D. See Life and 
 Correspondence of Andrew Combe, M.D., by George Combe, 
 Edin., 1850, Svo. 
 
 Combe, Charles, M.D., 1743-1817, devoted much 
 attention to the classics and to numismatics. He pub. an 
 Index Nummorum, Ac. in 1773, 4to, and the Nummorum, 
 Ac. in Musseo Gul. Hunter, in 1782, 4to. In conjunction 
 with Rev. H. Homer, Horatii Opera, 1793, 2 vols. 4to. 
 This was criticized by Dr. Parr in the British Critic. 
 Combe pub. a Statement relative to the review in 1793, Svo. 
 Cat. of Prints ; rel. to the Hist, of Engraving, 1803, Svo. 
 Con. to Phil. Trans., 1801 ; Med. Trans., 1813. 
 
 Combe, Edward. Sermons, 1708, '17, '20. 
 
 Combe, Edward. Sale of Dunkirk, 1728, Svo. 
 
 Combe, George, 1788-1858, b. Edinburgh, practised 
 as an attorney for twenty-five years. Becoming a disciple of 
 Gall and Spurzheim, he zealously advocated the science of 
 Phrenology, both as a lecturer and writer of books. His 
 works have had a most extensive sale. He was one of the 
 founders of the Phrenological Journal, afterwards con 
 ducted by his relative, Mr. Cox. Essays on Phren., 1819; 
 5th ed. as A System of Phrenology, 1843, 2 vols. Svo, 1853. 
 
 " A work of high excellence." Glasgow Free, Pi-ess, Feb. 1831. 
 
 Severely criticized in the Edinburgh Review. The Con 
 stitution of Man considered in relation to External Objects, 
 1828 ; 8th ed., 1848, p. Svo. Of this work between 90,000 
 and 100,000 copies have been sold in Great Britain, and 
 the sale has been large in the United States. It has been 
 trans, into German, French, and Swedish. Lectures on 
 Moral Philosophy, 3d ed., 1846, p. Svo; On Phrenology, 
 1847, p. Svo ; On Popular Education, 3d ed., 1848, p. Svo ; 
 Elements of Phrenology, 7th ed., 1849, 12mo; Notes on the 
 United States of America, 1838-40, 3 vols. p. 8vo, 1841. 
 Remarks on the Principles of Criminal Legislation, Ac., 
 Lon., 1854, 8vo. Phrenology applied to Painting and 
 Sculpture, Lon. and Edin., 1855, Svo. Science and Re 
 ligion, 1857, Svo. 
 
 Combe, Taylor, 1774-1826, keeper of the Antiqui 
 ties and coins at the British Museum, was a son of Dr. 
 Charles Combe, and educated at Oriel College, Oxford. 
 Ancient Terracottas in Brit, Museum, 1810, 4to; Ancient 
 Marbles in ditto, part 1st, 1812, 4to; Veterum populorum 
 et regum Nummi, Ac., in ditto, 1814, 4to. Con to Archseol. 
 1800, '03. 
 
 Comber, Thomas, D.D., 1644-1699, a native of 
 Westerham, Kent; admitted of Sidney-Sussex College, 
 Cambridge, 1659; Prebendary of York Cathedral, 1677; 
 presented to the living of Thornton, 1678; Precentor of 
 York, 1683; Dean of Durham, 1691. Among his works 
 are the following : Roman Forgeries in Councils during 
 the First Four Centuries, and forgeries in Baronius, Lon., 
 1673, Svo. Dr. James in his Treatise of the Corruptions 
 of Scripture, Ac., 1611, 4to, also discloses fraudulent altera 
 tions in the Councils. A Companion to the Temple and 
 Closet, or a Help to Devotion in the use of the Common 
 Prayer, part 1st, 1672; 2d, 1674; 3d, 1675, Svo; 1679, 3 
 vols. Svo : reprinted in two folios ; 4th edit, of 1st fol., 1701 ; 
 2d fol., pub. 1702. New edit,, without addits., Oxf., Cla 
 rendon Press, 1841, 7 vols. Svo. To this learned and com 
 prehensive writer, Wheatley and other writers stand largely 
 indebted. 
 
 "Let him read Comber's Companion to the Temple, which I 
 heartily wish might be put into the hands of every clergyman. 
 Dr. H. Owen's Address. 
 
 " It is an able and devotional work of considerahle value." 
 
 BlCKERSTETH. 
 
 The Plausible Arguments of a Romish Priest, Ac. an 
 swered, 1686, Svo; 3d edit., with a Serin, of Comber's, 
 
COM 
 
 CON 
 
 York, 1806, 12mo. Comber's arguments against the R. 
 Catholics are on the list of books of the P. C. K. Society. 
 Scholastical Hist, of Liturgies; 2 parts, 1690; in answer to 
 Clarkson's Discourse against Liturgies, 1689. Friendly 
 Advice to the R. Catholics of England ; a new ed., with 
 Preface and Notes, by W. F. Hook, D.D., Vicar of Leeds, 
 8vo. Memoirs of his Life and Writings, by his great- 
 grandson, Thomas Comber, 1799, 8vo. 
 
 Comber, Thomas, LL.D., d. 1778, grandson to the 
 preceding, educated at Jesus College, Cambridge ; Rector 
 of Kirkby, Misperton, Yorkshire; subsequently of Mor- 
 borne and Duckworth, Huntingdonshire. Vindication of 
 the Revolution in England, 1688, Lon., 1758, 8vo. Hea 
 then Rejection of Christianity in the First Ages consi 
 dered, 1747, 8vo. Real improvements in Agriculture, on 
 the principles of A. Young, Esq., &c. ; and a Letter on the 
 Rickets in Sheep, 1771, 8vo. 
 
 Other publications, 1747-78. 
 
 " He was a man of considerable parts and learning." 
 
 Comber, Thomas, Rector of Oswald Kirk, York 
 shire, and great-grandson of the Dean of Durham. Me 
 moir of the Life and Writings of Dean Comber, Lon., 1779, 
 8vo. Serms., 1807, 8vo. Hist, of the Massacre of St. 
 Bartholomew, 1810, 8vo. Adultery Analyzed, 1810, 8vo. 
 A Scourge for Adulterers, Duellists, Gamesters, and Self- 
 Murderers, anon., 1810. 
 
 Comber, W. T. An Inquiry into the state of National 
 Subsistence, as connected with the Progress of Wealth and 
 Population, &c., Lon., 1808, 8vo. See McCulloch's Lit. of 
 Polit. Economy. 
 
 Comberbach, Roger. Reports of Cases in Court of 
 K. B., from 1st of Jas. II. to 10th of Wm. III., Lon., 1724, 
 fol. Arranged and pub. after the author's death by his 
 son, who remarks : 
 
 " Had the author prepared them for the press himself, they had 
 appeared in another dress." 
 
 " The Cases generally are briefly and carelessly reported, and 
 uniformly hare been treated with disregard." Marvin's Leg. Bibl. 
 
 Combes, A. New Metals. Nic. Jour., 1808. 
 Combrune, Michael. Works on Brewing, 1759, 
 
 '62, '68. 
 
 Comeford, R. E. The Rhapsodist, Ac., in an Epistle 
 to Aristus, 1818, 8vo. 
 
 Comegys, Cornelius G., M.D., native of Delaware; 
 Prof, of Institutes of Medicine in Miami Coll., Ohio. 
 History of Medicine from its Origin to the 19th Century, 
 with an Appendix containing a Philosophical Review of 
 Medicine to the Present Time. Translated from the French. 
 Cincinnati, 8vo, 1856. Highly commended. 
 
 Comerford, T. Hist, of Ireland for 3000 Years, 
 Dubl., 1754, 12mo. 
 
 Comfort, J. W., M.D., of Philadelphia. Practice of 
 Medicine on Thomsonian Principles, adapted as well to 
 the use of Families as to the Practitioner, Phila., 1853, 8vo. 
 
 Comings, B. N., M.D. Class-Book of Physiology, 
 N. York, 1853, 12mo. This vol. is taken from the Princi 
 ples of Physiology by J. L. Comstock and Comings. 
 
 Comings, Fowler. Serms., 1790, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Comly, John, a native of Pennsylvania and member 
 of the Society of Friends, is best known as the author of 
 Comly's Speller, of which there have been several millions 
 printed. He also published a Grammar, Reader, and Primer. 
 
 Commins, John. Eng. Scholar's 1st Book, 1801. 
 
 Compeon, John. Sermon, 1804. 
 
 Compton, Henry, 1632-1713, youngest son of Spen 
 cer, second Earl of Northampton, was entered of Queen's 
 College, Oxford, 1649; Canon of Christ Church, 1669; 
 Bishop of Oxford, 1674; trans, to London, 1675. Episco- 
 palia, or Letters to his Clergy, Lon., 1686, 12mo. Trans, 
 from the French and Italian, 1667, '69. Letters to his 
 Clergy, 1679, '80, '83, '84, '85. Letters to a Clergyman, 
 1688, 4to. A Charge, 1696, 4to. Ninth Conference with 
 his Clergy, 1701, 4to. Letter concerning Allegiance, 1710, 
 8vo. His Life, 8vo. 
 
 Comstock, Andrew, M.D., b. 1795, N. Y., Prof, of 
 Elocution. Author of a New System of Phonetics; also 
 Lecturer on Oratory. Elocution, 16th ed., 1854. Phonetic 
 Speaker; Reader; Historia Sacra; Homer's Iliad; Pho 
 netic Testament, Ac. 
 
 Comstock, Franklin G. Digest of the Law of 
 Executors and Administrators, Guardian and Ward, and 
 Dower, Hartford, 1832, 8vo. 
 
 Comstock, G. F. Reports of Cases argued and de 
 termined in the Court of Appeals of the State of N. York, 
 Sept. 1847-April, 1851, Albany, 1849-50, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Comstock, John Lee, M.D., b. in Conn., d. 1858, 
 received only a common-school education, studied medi 
 
 cine, and a few months after receiving his diploma, was 
 appointed assistant surgeon in the 25th Reg. of Infantry 
 in the U. S. Army, during the war of 1812. He served at 
 Fort Trumbull, Conn., part of the time during the war, and 
 a part on the northern frontier, where he had the sole 
 charge of three hospitals, containing from 20 to 30 patients 
 each. At the close of the war he practised medicine in 
 Hartford, Conn., and about the year 1830 became an au 
 thor by profession. An Introduction to Mineralogy, 8vo, 
 1832. 
 
 " This work was introduced into the Military Acad. W. Point." 
 
 Natural History of Quadrupeds, 12mo, 1829. Natural 
 History of Birds. System of Natural Philosophy, 12mo, 
 1831. 
 
 " This work has been translated into German, Greek, and several 
 other foreign languages. It has been edited in London, Edinburgh, 
 and Canada ; and is now in common use. More than 600,000 copies 
 have already been sold." 
 
 Introduction to Botany. Elements of Chemistry, 12mo. 
 
 " Of the Elements 250,000 copies have been sold." 
 
 Elements of Geology, including Fossil Botany and 
 Paleeontology. Youth's Book of Natural Philos., 18mo. 
 Young Botanist. Young Chemist. Common- School Philos. 
 Youth's Book of Astronomy. Outlines of Physiology. 
 Treatise on Mathematical and Physical Geography. Read 
 ings in Zoology. Hist, of the Greek Revolution. Cabinet 
 of Curiosities. Hist, of Precious Metals, Ac. 
 
 Comyn, R. B. Landlord and Tenant; 2d ed., by G. 
 Chilton, Jr., Lon., 1830, 8vo. The Law of Usury, ] 817, 8vo. 
 
 Comyn, Samuel. Law of Contracts and Promises; 
 2d ed., Lon., 1824, 8vo; 4th Amer. ed., N. Y., 1835, 8vo. 
 This was formerly the best English treatise upon contracts. 
 It is now superseded. 
 
 "As a purely common -law work it is entitled to much praise." 
 See Hoffman's Legal Study. 
 
 Comyns, Sir John, Lord Chief Baron of the Ex 
 chequer. Reports of Cases K. B., C. P., and Excheq. ; 2d 
 ed., by S. Rose, Lon., 1792, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " I am not aware that the volume has elicited any marked judi 
 cial commendation." Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 A Digest of the Laws of England, 1762-67, 5 vols. fol, ; 
 5th ed., with continuation by A. Hammond, Lon., 1822, 
 8 vols. 8vo. 1st Amer., from the 5th Lon. ed., with Amer. 
 decisions, by Thomas Day, N. York and Phila., 1824-26, 
 8 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " The first is far superior to all the late editions. The modern 
 editions have the addition of the modern cases, it is true, but they 
 consist of the marginal notes of the reporters, thrust into the text 
 without order or propriety, and destroy symmetry and connection." 
 JUDGE STORY. 
 
 " Comyns's opinion alone is of great authority." LORD KENYON. 
 
 " We cannot have a better authority than that learned writer." 
 CHIEF JUSTICE BEST. 
 
 Conaeus, Georgius, anglicg Cone, a native of Scot 
 land. Praemetiae, seu Calumnies Hirlandorum indicatae, 
 et Epos de Deipara Virgine, Bonon, 1621, 8vo. Vita Ma 
 rias Stuartse Reginaa Scotorum, Romse, 1624, 8vo; Wirceb., 
 1624, 12mo. See Jebb Scrip., xvi. De duplici statu Re- 
 ligionis apud Scotus, Rom., 1628, large 4to. Assertionum 
 Catholicarum, libri tres, Rom., 1621, '29, 4to. 
 
 Conant, John. Sermon, 1643, sm. 4to. 
 
 Conant, John, D.D., 1608-1693, educated at Exeter 
 College, Oxford, of which he became Fellow and tutor; 
 Prof, of Divinity, 1654 ; Vice-Chancellor of the Universi 
 ty, 1657; Prebendary of Worcester, 1681. Serms., 1693- 
 1722, 6 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "These discourses are such as Dr. Conant usually composed; 
 plain and practical, and suited to the meanest capacity." BISHO* 
 WILLIAMS. 
 
 Conant, T. J., Prof, of Hebrew in Rochester Uni 
 versity, New York. Trans, of the Hebrew Grammar of 
 Gesenius, 14th edit., as revised by Dr. E. Rb'diger ; with 
 the modifications of the edits, subsequent to the llth, by 
 Dr. Davies, of Stepney College, London ; with a Course of 
 Exercises, and Hebrew Chrestoinathy by T. J. Conant. 
 
 " The best Hebrew Grammar extant is the work of a German 
 Gesenius." ion. Monthly CJironicle, Dec., 1840. 
 
 Professor Conant is now (1855) engaged upon a new 
 version of the Book of Job. Mrs. Conant also has con 
 tributed to the literary treasures of the country. 
 
 Concanen,G. Trials, Rowe v. Brenton, Lon., 1830,8vo. 
 
 Concanen, Matthew, d. 1749, a native of Ireland, 
 of considerable abilities, pub. 1724 a vol. of Miscellaneous 
 Poems by himself and others, and edited The Speculatist, 
 a Journal ; The Flower Piece, a Miscellany, Ac. He is 
 principally remembered by the celebrated letter of War- 
 burton concerning him, and by his position in the Dun- 
 ciad: his reward for attacking Pope. In 1732 he waa> 
 appointed attorney-general of the Isle of Jamaica. See 
 Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vols. v. and viii. 
 
 Concanen, Matthew, Jun. Hist, and Antiq. of 
 
CON 
 
 CON 
 
 St. Saviour's Church, Southwark ; by M. C. and A. Mor- 
 gan. Letter to Garrow, 1796, 8vo. Distribution of Bank 
 rupts' Estates, 1801, 8vo. 
 
 Concanon, Thomas, M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 
 1790; Hist, of an Aneurism of the Aorta Descendens. 
 
 Conder, G. W. Lectures to Working Men on Chris 
 tianity, Lon., 1850, 12mo. 
 
 Conder, James. Tokens, Coins, and Medals,1799,8vo. 
 Conder, John, D.D., 1714-1781, a Dissenting minis 
 ter of London. Ministerial Character, germs, 1755, '58, 
 '59, '62, '68. 
 
 Conder, Josiah, 1789-1855, b. in London; son of 
 a bookseller. "At an early age displayed a taste for lite 
 rature, and published some articles in The Atheneeum, 
 edited by Dr. Aikin. In 1810, in connexion with a few 
 friends, he published a volume of poems, with the title of 
 the Associate Minstrel. In 1814, being a publisher and 
 bookseller in St. Paul's Churchyard, he purchased the 
 Eclectic Review, of which he continued to be the editor 
 until 1837, though he retired from the bookselling business 
 in 1819. Under his management the Eclectic Review re 
 ceived the assistance of many eminent men among the 
 Non-Conformists, such as Robert Hall, John Foster, Dr. 
 Chalmers, Dr. Vaughan, and others." Protestant Non 
 conformity, 1818, 2 vols. 8vo. Epist. to the Hebrews; a 
 new trans., 1834, 8vo. Law of the Sabbath, 1830, 8vo. 
 Choir and the Oratory, 12mo. Hist, of Italy, 3 vols. 18mo. 
 Diet, of Anc. and Mod. Geography, 12mo. Poet of the 
 Sanctuary, 12mo. Star in the East, Ac., 12mo. View of 
 All Religions, 8vo. Expos, of the Apocalypse, 8vo. 
 
 " The author displays extensive reading, diligent research, ana 
 a thorough acquaintance with the subject." Lon. Christian Times. 
 
 Analytical and Comparative View of all Religions, 
 1838, 8vo. 
 
 " It will become, as it deserves to become, a standard hook in 
 our literature." Church of Eng. Quart. Review. 
 
 Modern Traveller : Description of the various Countries 
 of the Globe, 33 vols. 18mo, v. y. 
 
 " No work can be found in our language, or any other, equal to 
 supply the place of The Modern Traveller." Lon. Lit. Gazette. 
 
 " It deserves a place in the library of every inquiring person." 
 Blackwood's Mag. 
 
 " That useful work, The Modern Traveller, by Mr. Conder, who 
 has brought together so much interesting matter." LAMBERT. tJte 
 Botanist. 
 
 "An excellent publication, ably executed." McCuttoch Lit.P.E. 
 
 Literary History of the New Testament, 8vo, 1845. 
 
 " Contains a considerable amount of useful information, brought 
 together from various sources with discriminating judgment." 
 
 BlCKERSTETH. 
 
 "I feel it a duty and pleasure to bear my glad testimony to the 
 learning, in particular sacred and ecclesiastical, the indefatigable 
 diligence, the wide research, the candour and impartiality, and 
 the sound judgment, which characterize this welcome addition to 
 Our national literature." DR. J. Pre SMITH. 
 
 Condie, D. Francis, M.D., b. in Philadelphia, May 
 12, 1796; grad. as Doctor of Medicine in the University of 
 Pennsylvania, March, 1818. An abridged Edition, with 
 Notes, of Thomas's Practice of Medicine, Phila., 1817. A 
 Course of Examinations for the Use of Medical Students, 
 Phila. ; 2d ed., 1824. The Catechism of Health, Phila., 
 1831. A Treatise on Epidemic Cholera: in conjunction with 
 Dr. John Bell, 1832. Practical Treatise on the Diseases 
 of Children; 3d ed., Phila., 1850, 8vo; 4th ed., revised and 
 augmented, 1854, 8vo. 
 
 "We pronounced the first edition to be the best work on the dis 
 eases of children in the English language; and, notwithstanding 
 all that has been published, we still regard it in that light." Medi 
 cal Examiner. 
 
 " Dr. Condie's scholarship, acumen, industry, and practical sense 
 are manifested in this, as in all his numerous contributions to 
 science." Dr. Holmes's Report to the Ame.r. Med. Association. 
 
 A veritable paediatric encyclopaedia, and aji honour to Ameri- 
 can medical literature." Ohio Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 We feel persuaded that the American medical profession will 
 Boon regarc it not only as a very good, but as the very best, Prac 
 tical Treatise on the Diseases of Children." Amer. Med. Journal. 
 
 "Perhaps the most full and complete work now before the pro 
 fession of the United States, indeed, we may say, in the English 
 language. It is vastly superior to most of its predecessors." 
 Transylvania Med. Journal. 
 
 Dr. Condie has edited Dr. FLEETWOOD CHURCHILL'S (a. .) 
 works on the Theory and Practice of Midwifery and the 
 Diseases of Women, and made contributions to American 
 Cyclopedia of Practical Medicine and Surgery, Phila 
 1834; contributions to Philadelphia Journal of the Medi 
 cal and Physical Sciences; North American Medical and 
 Surgical Journal; Journal of Health, Phila.; American 
 Journal of Medical Sciences ; Transactions of the College 
 of Physicians of Phila. ; North American Medico-Chirur- 
 gical Review. 
 
 Conduitt, John, Master of the Mint. Observations on 
 
 English Gold and Silver Coins, 1774; from Mr. C.'s MS., 
 written in 1730. 
 
 Cone. Scolding no Scholarship ; rel. to Dempster, 1669. 
 
 Cone, or Cawne, George. See CON^US. 
 
 Coney, John. Beauties of Continental Architecture, 
 Lon., 4to. Church Architecture of Yorkshire, edited by 
 Giles, fol. Ancient Cathedrals in France, Holland, and 
 Germany ; 32 engravings, atlas fol., 1832 ; pub. at 10 10*. 
 
 " These are the largest and best plates Coney ever executed, and 
 the only ones which exhibit his distinctive excellencies in this 
 style of art." 
 
 English Ecclesiastical Edifices of the Olden Time ; 200 
 engravings, 2 vols. r. fol. ; pub. at 8 8*. In these vols. 
 are included the whole of the copperplates which illustrate 
 the 8 vols. of the new edit, of Dugdale's Monasticon, pub. 
 at 141 15s. 
 
 " Our readers will here find a rich mine of artistic wealth, in the 
 most beautiful models of every age. during which the pointed, or 
 ecclesiastical, style of architecture flourished in this country." 
 Dublin Review, Aug. 1839. 
 
 Coney, Thomas, D.D., Preb. of Wells. Serm., 1710, 
 8vo; 25 do., 1730, 8vo; 2 do., 1731, 8vo; 2 vols., do., 1750, 
 8vo. Sick Bed, 1747, 12mo. 
 
 Congleton, Rt. Hon. Henry Brooke Parnell, 
 Lord. See PARNELL, SIR HENRY. 
 
 Congreve, Charles W., Archd. of Armagh. Serm., 
 1746, 8vo. 
 
 Congreve, Thomas. Navigable Communication be 
 tween Trent and Severn, 1717. 
 
 Congreve, William, 1666-1729, an eminent drama 
 tist, was a native of Bardsa, near Leeds. His father, an 
 officer in the army, stationed in Ireland, placed him at 
 school at Kilkenny, from whence he was removed to Tri 
 nity College, Dublin. Returning to England, he entered 
 as a student at the Middle Temple. Very early in life he 
 pub. under the fictitious name of Cleophil, a novel, entitled 
 Incognita, or Love and Duty Reconciled. In his 21st 
 year his play of The Old Bachelor written some years 
 before was acted at Drury Lane, and proved eminently 
 successful. Lord Halifax gave a substantial proof of his 
 approbation, by rewarding the triumphant author with a 
 commissionership fr the licensing of coaches a prelude to 
 future favours. Dryden commended the play as the best 
 first effort in that line which he had ever witnessed. Mrs. 
 Barry and Mrs. Bracegirdle, Mr. Betterton and Mr. Powel, 
 whose personal attractions and artistic excellence had been 
 brought forward to such advantage by the new author, 
 were of course delighted, the audience was equally charmed, 
 and in short the town was taken by storm. What a com 
 mentary is this upon the morality of the generation of that 
 day ! That a piece which could not with propriety be read 
 aloud in the family circle should be hailed with applause 
 by the thousands who crowded the theatre ! In 1694 Con 
 greve produced The Double Dealer, which was less success 
 ful than its predecessor. Dryden disgraced himself no new 
 thing for him by most profane adulation of the author : 
 
 " Heaven, that but once was prodigal before, 
 To Shabspeare gave as much, he could not give him more." 
 
 Love for Love appeared in 1695, and The Mourning 
 Bride, a Tragedy, two years later. He subsequently pro 
 duced the Comedy of The Way of the World, a Masque, 
 entitled The Judgment of Paris, and Semele, an Opera. 
 After suffering for years from bodily infirmity and blind 
 ness, this thorough man of the world was summoned to 
 that account which none can escape. In 1710 he pub. a 
 collection of his works in three vols. 8vo ; dedicated to 
 Lord Halifax. Between this and Baskerville's impression, 
 1761, 3 vols. 8vo, there were many edits. The last edit, 
 was pub. by Mr. Moxon in 1849, r. 8vo, edited by Leigh 
 Hunt. In our article upon Jeremy Collier, we have anti 
 cipated much respecting Congreve his controversy with 
 Collier, the character of his plays, <fce. that we should 
 otherwise have found a place for here. We have already 
 intimated that the fact of the popularity of such produc 
 tions as the plays of Congreve, Wycherley, and Farquhar, 
 is a sufficient index of the moral tone of the age. Perhaps 
 no English author has been lauded more by his contem 
 poraries than William Congreve. We have already given 
 an exhibition of the fulsome adulation of Dryden, the 
 most distinguished literary man of his time. We may 
 instance another : 
 
 "Mr. Congreve has done me the favour to review the JEneis, 
 and compare my version with the original. I shall never be 
 ashamed to own that this excellent young man has shewed me 
 many faults which I have endeavoured to correct." 
 
 Pope honoured him by the dedication of the Iliad, and 
 better men than Pope so far forgot the tribute due to vir 
 tue, as to join in the general applause which rewarded the 
 champion of the most shocking descriptions of vice. We 
 
CON 
 
 are not surprised, then, that Voltaire should declare that 
 Congreve "raised the glory of Comedy to a greater height 
 than any English writer before or since his time." 
 
 The " glory" of such men is " their shame." Mr. Leigh 
 Hunt, to the many mischievous tendencies of his pen, has 
 added in his old age another offence to public decency and 
 private morality, in his apology for, or rather vindication 
 of, the licentiousness of Congreve's " genteel vulgarity." 
 Charity would fain hope that the unhappy author, before 
 his departure from a world which his talents might have 
 done so much to improve alas ! that they should have 
 been busily employed in the effort to corrupt and debase ! 
 repented of his offences against God and man. For to 
 borrow the words of Lord Kames 
 
 " If they did not rack their author with remorse in his last mo 
 ments, he must have been lost to all sense of virtue." 
 
 "Congreve has merit of the highest kind; he is an original 
 writer, who borrowed neither the models of his plot nor the man 
 ner of his dialogue. ... Of his miscellaneous poetry I cannot say 
 any thing very favourable. The powers of Congreve seem to desert 
 him when he leaves the stage, as Antaeus was no longer strong 
 than when he could touch the ground. ... If I were required to 
 select from the whole mass of English poetry the most poetical 
 paragraph, I know not what I could prefer to an exclamation in 
 The Mourning Bride," &c. DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 This extravagant commendation refers to the conversa 
 tion in the Temple, act 2, scene 3. 
 
 " Congreve's Plays are exquisite of their kind, and the excessive 
 heartlessness and duplicity of some of his characters are not to be 
 taken without allowance for the ugly ideal. There is something 
 not natural, both in his characters and wit; and we read him 
 rather to see how entertaining he can make his superior fine ladies 
 and gentlemen, and what a pack of sensual busybodies they are, 
 like insects over a pool, than from any true sense of them as men 
 and women." LEIGH HUNT. 
 
 The reader is referred to Mr. Thackeray's English Hu 
 morists of the 18th century, article Congreve and Addi- 
 eon. Mr. Thackeray thus happily contrasts Swift, Con 
 greve, and Addison : 
 
 " We have seen in SWIFT a humorous philosopher, whose truth 
 frightens one, and whose laughter makes one melancholy. We 
 have had in CONGREVE a humorous observer of another school, to 
 whom the world seems to have no moral at all. and whose ghastly 
 doctrine seems to be that we should eat and drink and be merry 
 when WR can, and go to the deuce (if there be a deuce) when the 
 time come. We come now to a humour that flows from quite a 
 different heart and spirit a wit that makes us lauorh, and leaves 
 us good and happy; to one of the kindest benefactors that society 
 has ever had, and I believe you have opined already that I am 
 about to mention ADDISON'S honoured name." 
 
 See also an excellent article by Mr. T. B. Macaulay, en 
 titled Comic Dramatists of the Restoration, in the Edin. 
 Review, January, 1841. 
 
 Congreve, Lt.-Col. Sir William, 1772-1828, a 
 military engineer, the inventor of the " Congreve rocket," 
 pub. an Elementary Treatise on the Mounting of Naval 
 Ordnance, Lon., 1812, 4to. Details of the Rocket System, 
 with General Instructions, oblong fol., 2 8s. Treatise on 
 the Pointing of Naval Ordnance, 8vo. A Short Account 
 of a New Principle of a Rotative Steam-Engine, 8vo. A 
 Description of the Construction and Properties of the 
 Hydro-Pneumatic Lock, 1815, 4to. A Treatise on the 
 General Principles, Powers, and Facility of Application 
 of the Congreve Rocket System as compared with Artillery, 
 with plates, 4to. 
 
 Corners, John. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1676, '77, '78; 
 of a Hygroscope, a Trumpet, a Pump. 
 
 Coningesby, Fred. Attorney's New Pocket Book, 
 1798, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Cpningham, James. 1. Medals. 2. Serms., 1704, 
 
 Coningsby, George, D.D. Serms., 1723, '33, '42. 
 
 Coningsby, Robert. Q. Fabularum, Ac., 1693, 8vo. 
 
 Coningsby,Thomas. Grammatical Treatise,1647,&c. 
 
 Coningsby, Thomas, Earl of. Collec. concern 
 ing the Manor of Marden, in Hereford, 1722-27. See 
 Lowndes's Bib. Man., and Duncumb's Hereford. 
 
 Conkling, Alfred. Admiralty Jurisdiction, Ac. of 
 the Courts in the United States, 2 vols. 8vo, 1848. Trea 
 tise on the Organization and Jurisdiction of the Supreme,, 
 Circuit, and District Courts of the U. S., 2d ed., 1842, 8vo. 
 
 " Judge Conkling's Treatise on the Organization and Jurisdic 
 tion of the Courts of the United States, is an exceedingly valuable 
 work for the variety of information which it contains, and the 
 general ability and accuracy with which it has been drawn up. It 
 supplies a want httherto extensively felt in the profession, and I 
 cannot doubt that it will possess a large circulation, as its merits 
 deserve." JOSEPH STORY. 
 
 Connak, Richard. Princes of Eng., Lon.. 1747, Svo 
 Princes of Wales, 1751, Svo. 
 
 Council, Arthnr. Election Laws in Scotland, Edin., 
 1827, Svo. Annual Sketch of the Progress of Law of 
 Scotland, 1840, Svo. 
 
 CON 
 
 Connell, Sir John. Law of Scotland rel. to Parishes, 
 Edin., 1818, Svo. Supplement, 1823, Svo. 
 
 " Connell on the Law of Parishes, published a few years after 
 Burns, is confined to topics of a nature purely ecclesiastical. It 
 is rather a continuation and fit concomitant of his valuable Trea 
 tise on Teinds, than an exposition of the law regarding the poor." 
 1 Ed. L. J., 211. 
 
 Treatise on the Law of Scotland respect. Tithes and the 
 Stipends of the Parochial Clergy,181 5,8vo j 2d ed.,1830,8vo. 
 
 " It is unnecessary to enter Into any details concerning a book 
 which no lawyer or clergyman will go without." 
 
 Connell, Richard. His Case, fol. 
 
 Connelly and Higgins's New Dictionary of the 
 Spanish and English, and English and Spanish Languages, 
 4 vols. 4to, Madrid, 1797, '98. 
 
 " The best and most complete Spanish and English Dictionary, 
 comprising all the Idioms, Proverbs, Marine Terms, Metaphorical 
 Expressions, Ac. in both Languages." 
 
 Connor, Bernard, 1666-1698, M.D., a native of 
 Kerry, was physician to John Sobieski, King of Poland, 
 and subsequently a practitioner in London. Dissertationes 
 Medico-Physicse, Ac., Oxf., 1695, 8vo. Compendious Plan 
 of the Body of Physic, Oxon., 1697, Svo. De Secretione 
 Animali, Lon., 1697, Svo. He pub. several other profess, 
 works, and one which created much attention Evange- 
 lium Medici, Ac., Lon., 1697, Svo. 
 
 " This is a singular production, in which the author endeavours 
 to show that the miraculous cures performed by our Lord and his 
 apostles may be accounted for on natural principles." ORME: 
 Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Conny, Robert, M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1698: 
 a Shower of Fishes in Kent. 
 
 Conoid, Robert. Serm. and Letters, 1675, 77. 
 
 Conolly, lit. Arthur. Overland Journey to the 
 North of India from England, Ac., Lon., 1834, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " A worthy companion to the labours of Elphinstone and Fraser." 
 Lon. Atlas. 
 
 " A better guide we could scarcely desire." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 " We strongly recommend this book, as containing much amuse 
 ment and information." Lon. Quarterly JRev. 
 
 Conolly, John, M.D. Study and Practice of Medi 
 cine, Lon., 1831, 12mo. An Inquiry concerning the Indi 
 cations of Insanity, Svo, 1830. 
 
 " One of the most able and satisfactory works on the philosophy, 
 or rather on the physiology, of the human understanding, which 
 have been hitherto produced." Med. and Surg. Journal, 1830. 
 
 The Construction and Government of Lunatic Asylums 
 and Hospitals for the Insane, 1847, Svo. The Treatment 
 of the Insane without Mechanical Restraints, 1856, demy 
 Svo. 
 
 Conolly, Joseph. Telegraph Co., Lon., 1808, Svo. 
 
 Conolly, L. A. The Friar's Tale, 1805, 2 vols. 
 
 Conover, J. F. Digestive index of all the reported 
 decisions in Law and Equity of the Supreme Courts of Ohio, 
 Indiana, and Illinois, Phila., 1834, Svo. 
 
 Conoway, Jane. Petition to Ministers, &c., 1649. 
 
 Conrad, Judge Robert T., 1S08-1858, a native of 
 Philadelphia, long occupied a prominent place as one of 
 the most eloquent orators and successful dramatic writers 
 of the United States. Judge Conrad's dramatic pieces 
 Conrad of Naples, and Aylmere, or The Bondman of Kent 
 evince the possession of poetical powers of no ordinary 
 cast. The latter, together with a number of minor poems, 
 was published in 1852, Phila., 12mo. Among the most 
 striking of the smaller pieces in this volume may be noticed 
 the Sonnets on the Lord's Prayer, and Lines on a Blind 
 Boy Soliciting Charity by Playing on his Flute. Judge 
 Conrad's prose compositions possess merits not inferior to 
 those which charm the readers of his poetry. 
 
 "As a citizen, a lawyer, and a judge, Mr. Conrad obtained a 
 widely-extended and highly-merited reputation. He was a bril 
 liant orator, sparkling in diction, classical in allusion, poetical in 
 imagery, clear in narrative, rhetorical in style, genial in humanizing 
 thought, and eloquent in all. As a speaker, whatever subject he 
 touched he undoubtedly adorned. On whatever platform he stood, 
 whether on the arena of commerce, the forum of justice, the ex 
 citing scene of politics, or the broad foundation of that humanity 
 which emanates from the Creator, Mr. Conrad was invariably a 
 successful and mostly a convincing speaker. It is as a man of 
 letters, however, that Mr. Conrad will probably best be known in 
 future years. He did uot write much; but he wrote well." DK. R. 
 SHELTON MACKENZIE. 
 
 Conrad, Timothy Abbott, born 1803, in N. Jersey. 
 A distinguished naturalist. Fossil shells of the Tertiary 
 formations of the United States, 1832. New Fresh-water 
 shells of the U. S., 134. Monography of the Urionidae 
 of the U. S., 1836. Miocene shells of the U. S., 1838. 
 Papers describing new fresh-water shells and fossils of the 
 U. S. in Silliman's Journal. Palaeontology of Palestine 
 expedition under command of Lieut. Lynch, in Jour. Aca. 
 Nat. ScL Phil. Palaeontology in New York State Ann. 
 Rep., 1838-40. Geological Report in 1837, as one of the 
 State Geologists of N. York. Palaeontology of the Pacific 
 
CON 
 
 COO 
 
 Rail Road Survey in California, 1854. Palaeontology of 
 the Mexican Boundary Surrey, conducted by Major Emory, 
 
 Conroy, John. Custodian Reports, Dubl., 1795, Svo. 
 
 Conset, Henry. The Practice of Spiritual or Ec 
 clesiastical Courts, Lon., 1685, 1700, '08, 8vo. 
 
 Consett, Matthew. Tour through Sweden, Swedish 
 Lapland, Finland, and Denmark, Lon., 1789, 4to; 1815, 
 12mo. 
 
 " A hasty tour, containing, however, many amusing observa 
 tions, anecdotes, and little descriptive sketches." LOWNDES. 
 
 Consett, Thomas. Church of Russia, &c., Lon., 
 1729, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Const, Francis. Laws relating to the Poor, 6th ed. 
 by J. T. Pratt, Lon., 1827, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " A valuable acquisition to practitioners in this branch of the 
 law." LOWNDES. 
 
 Constable, C. S. Catholic Emancipation, 1808, 8ro. 
 
 Constable, F. Pathomachia, or The Battle of 
 Affections; a Drama, 1630, 4to. 
 
 .Constable, Henry, a poet, was educated at Oxford, 
 but took his bachelor's degree at St. John's College, Cam 
 bridge, in 1579. Diana, or the excellent conceitful sonnets 
 of H. C., Ac., Lon., 1584, 8vo. Reprinted for the members 
 of the Roxburghe Club, by E. Littledale, Esq., 1818, 8vo. 
 Spiritual Sonnettes : see Heliconia, vol. ii. Sonnets : see 
 Harleian Miscellany, vol. ix. 
 
 " Noble Henry Constable was a great master of the English 
 tongue ; nor had any gentleman of our nation a more pure, quick, 
 or higher delivery of conceit : witness, among all others, that son 
 net of his before his Majesty's Lepanto." Edmund oUon's Hy- 
 percritica. 
 
 " He was highly praised by Bolton, Ben Jonson, and others, and 
 Mr. Warton mentions him as a ' noted sonnet writer ;' yet the fol 
 lowing, though as notable sonnets as his Diana could furnish, can 
 hardly entitle him to be denominated ' the first sonnetteer of his 
 tune.'" Ellis' s Specimens: and see Malone's Shakspeare, x. 74; 
 Todd's Milton, and Warton's Eng. Poetry. 
 
 Constable, John, was educated at Byham Hall, op 
 posite Merton College, Oxford, where in 1515 he took the 
 degree of M.A., and obtained great reputation as a poet 
 and rhetorician. Querela Veritatis. Epigrammata: both 
 in Latin, 1520. 
 
 Constable, John. Reflections on Accuracy of Style, 
 Lon., 1734, 8vo. A most important theme. 
 
 Constancio, F. S.,M.D. An Appeal, Edin., 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Constantine, William. Interest of England, 1642, 
 4to ; on Unity of the Protestant Religion. 
 
 Convenant, J. Histoire des Dernieres Revolutions 
 dans la Princepaute" d'Orange, Lon., 1704. 
 
 Conway* The Depopulated Vale; a Poem, Lon., 
 1774, 4to. 
 
 Conway, Lord Viscount. Proceedings of the Eng 
 lish Army in Ulster, Lon., 1642, 4to. 
 
 Conway, H. D. Tales of Ardennes, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 " The language of these Tales is graceful, and many of the de 
 scriptions are poetical." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 Conway, General Henry Seymour, 1720-1795, 
 Secretary of State from 1765 to 1768. Speech in H. of 
 Commons, Lon., 1780, 8vo. Who can ever forget Conway, 
 that remembers the speeches of Edmund Burke ? False 
 Appearances, a Comedy; altered from the French, 1789, 
 8vo. Conway Papers, 5 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Think what I have in part recovered ! Only the state papers, 
 private papers, Ac. &c. of the Lords Conway. Secretaries of State. 
 . . . They seem to have laid up every scrap of paper they ever had, 
 from the middle of Queen Elizabeth's reign to the middle of Charles 
 the Second's. . . . Will here not be food for the press 1" Horace 
 Walpole to Gwrge. Montague. 
 
 See Walpole's Letters to General Conway. 
 
 Conway, Sir John. Godly Meditations and Praiers 
 gathered out of the Sacred Letters and Vertuous Writers, 
 Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Conway, William. An Exortation to Charitie, very 
 needefull at this Tyme, for eche Man and Woman to em 
 brace, Lon., s. a. 16mo. 
 
 Conybeare, John, D.D., 1692-1755, admitted a bat- 
 tier of Exeter College, 1708; Fellow, 1710; Rector of St 
 Clement's Oxford 1724; Rector of Exeter' College, 1730 } 
 Dean of Christ Church, 1732; Bishop of Bristol 1750 
 Sermon Miracles, 1722, 8vo. Highly esteemed. Sermon 
 KJJ* 8 V ' Inscription to Articles of Religion, a sm 
 1726, 8vo. Very celebrated. Defence of Revealed Rell 
 ^ D ' I 1 ?.?? to A Tinda1 ! 8 Christianity as Old as the Crea 
 tion, 1732, 8vo. An admirable confutation. Three e?ita 
 in a year. 
 
 " One of the best-reasoned books in the world." BISHOP WAB- 
 
 Other serms. After the bishop's death a collection of 
 his sermons was pub. for the benefit of his family, in 2 
 vols. 8vo, 1757, on a subscription list of 4600 copies.' 
 
 " His sermons abound with just and solid reflections, useful ob 
 servations on the conduct of human life, and clear reasonings on 
 a variety of important subjects." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Some of Bishop Conybeare's sermons will be found in 
 Bishop Randolph's Enchiridion Theologicum. 
 
 Conybeare, John Josias, 1779-1824, entered of 
 Christ Church, Oxford, 1797; elected to the Anglo-Saxon 
 Professorship, 1807 ; Professor of Poetry, 1812. The Bamp- 
 ton Lectures for 1824; on the interpretation of Scripture, 
 Oxf., 1824, 8vo. 
 "This work contains much valuable information." BiCKERSTETrr. 
 
 Illustrations of Anglo-Saxon Poetry, edited by W. D. Co 
 nybeare, 1826, Svo. This work has done much to promote 
 the study of Anglo-Saxon literature. Large portions of 
 the Song of the Traveller and Beowulf will be found in the 
 volume. Mr. Conybeare was a contributor to the British 
 Bibliographer. 
 
 Conybeare, Very Rev. William Daniel, Dean 
 of Llandaff, 1787-1857, was born at his father's rectory, 
 St. Botolph's, Bishopsgate; entered Christ Church Coll., 
 Oxford, 1805; took the degree of B.A., 1808, and M.A. in 
 1811. "He was one of the earliest promoters of the Geo 
 logical Society; and the important services he has rendered 
 to geological science may be seen in his numerous papers 
 printed in the Society's Trans." Theological Lectures, in 
 3 parts, Lon., 1834; 2d ed., 1836, Svo. 
 " His theological lectures are beyond all praise." 
 
 " Much valuable and erudite information, conveyed in a popular 
 form, on the character of the Semitic dialects in general, will bo 
 found in the essay appended." LOWNDES. 
 
 Bampton Lectures for 1839: On the Fathers during the 
 Ante-Nicene Period, Oxford, 1839, Svo. Outlines of tho 
 Geology of England and Wales, by W. D. C. and William 
 Phillips, 1822 : Parti: all printed. Geological Memoir of 
 the Landslip in Devon, fol., 1840. 
 
 Conybeare, W. J., son of the preceding, d. 1857; lato 
 Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; Principal of the 
 Collegiate Institution, Liverpool. Serms. preached in tho 
 Chapel Royal at Whitehall, Lon., 1844, Svo. The Life 
 and Epistles of St. Paul, Lon., 1850-52, 2 vols. 4to, (Amer. 
 ed., N.Y., 1854, 2 vols. 8vo,) by W. J. C. and Rev. J. S. 
 Howson; the trans, of the Epistles and Speeches of St. 
 Paul by W. J. C., the narrative, archaeological, and geo 
 graphical portions by the latter. This is one of the most 
 important contributions to theological literature since tho 
 Reformation. 
 
 "The purpose of this work is to give a living picture of St. Paul 
 himself, and of the circumstances by which he was surrounded. 
 The biography of the apostle must be compiled from two sources : 
 1st, his own letters; and 2dly, the narrative in the Acts of the 
 Apostles." 
 
 " A valuable help towards understanding the New Testament. 
 The Greek and Latin quotations are almost entirely confined to 
 the notes : any unlearned reader may study the text with ease and 
 profit." N. Brit. Rev., Feb. 1854. 
 
 " It is our sober conviction that, as a guide to the true knowledge 
 of Paul's life and writings, it is worth any half-dozen commenta 
 ries we have met with." REV. DR. SPRAGUE, of Albany. 
 
 Essays, Ecclesiastical and Social, Svo. Perversion, Svo. 
 
 Conyers, James. Serm., Lon., 1635. 
 
 Conyers, Richard. Med. Essays and Serm., 1729-64. 
 
 Conyers, Tobias. Serm., 1659, 4to. 
 
 Coode, G. Remarks on Legislative Expression, or 
 the Language of the Written Law, Lon., 1845, Svo; 2d 
 ed., 1852. 
 
 " To statesmen, capable of close thought, and to well-educated 
 lawyers, this extremely able treatise will be of much value, if they 
 choose to profit by it; to the herd of ordinary draftsmen it will be 
 utterly unintelligible. Its object is to teach these persons the ru 
 diments of the art of expressing laws." 2 JV. S. Law Mag., 413. 
 
 Cook. The Eng. School-Master, Lon., 1656, 4to. 
 
 Cook, Aurelian. Titus Britannicus, 1685, Svo. 
 
 Cook, Ebenezer. The Sal-Weed Factor; or, A Voy 
 age to Maryland; a Satire, Lon., 4to. 
 
 Cook, Edward. Duello Foiled. See Hearne's Col 
 lection, ii. 223. 
 
 Cook, Eliza, b. 1817, the daughter of a tradesman in 
 the borough of Southwark, near London, gained consider 
 able reputation when in her 20th year, as a poetical con 
 tributor to some of the higher class of London periodicals 
 The New Monthly Magazine, The Metropolitan, The 
 Literary Gazette, Ac. In 1840 a vol. of her poems was 
 pub. in London, and was repub. in New York in 184 {, 
 under the title of Melaia, and other Poems. Many edits, 
 of her poems, considerably augmented, have been since 
 pub. in England and America. The Old Arm Chair, The 
 Old Farm Gate, Home in the Heart, The Last Good-Bye, 
 and I Miss Thee, My Mother ! are known to and loved by 
 thousands, both old and young. In September, 1849, ap 
 peared the first number of Eliza Cook's Journal. 
 
 " I am anxious," she remarks, " to give my feeble aid to the gi- 
 
coo 
 
 gantic struggle for intellectual elevation now going on, and fling 
 my energies and will into a cause where my heart will zealously 
 animate my duty." 
 
 Such philanthropic aspirations were not doomed to dis 
 appointment : Eliza Cook's Journal now (1854) stands 
 among the first in point of popularity and circulation in 
 the list of periodicals, which have done so much for the 
 mental culture of Great Britain and America. 
 
 " The characteristics of her poetry are, great freedom, ease, and 
 heartiness of sentiment and expression ; and she makes you feel 
 at once that her whole heart is in all she writes ; that she gives full 
 utterance to the depths of her soul a soul that is in sympathy 
 with all that is pure and true." PROF. CLEVELAND : Eng. Lit. of the 
 IQth Ckntury. 
 
 Cook, F. C. Poetry for Schools. Comment, on Acts, 
 1850, 12mo. 
 
 " This little book is chiefly designed for public or popular schools ; 
 and the selections have been made upon the high principle of ex 
 panding the intellects of the pupils, and humanizing and elevating 
 their sentiments." Spectator. 
 
 Cook, Francis. Theolog. treatises, 1641, '45, '50. 
 
 Cook, George. Serm., 1805, 4to. 
 
 Cook, George, D.D., of Laurence Kirk. Hist, of the 
 Keformation in Scotland, Edin., 1811, 3 vols. 8vo, and 1819. 
 
 " The author is a friend to civil and religious liberty ; he has 
 done justice to the talents and character of the Reformers, and 
 evinced much industry and impartiality in examining the author 
 ities from which he has taken his materials." McCrie's Life of 
 Knox. 
 
 Hist, of the Church of Scotland, Lon., 1815, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 See Edin. Review, xxvii. 163. Reality of Christ's Resur 
 rection, 1808, 8vo. 
 
 " A well-written and valuable book." British Critic. 
 
 Substance of a Speech in the G. Assembly, 1816, 8vo. 
 
 Cook, J. Address to the Public on the Prevention of 
 Crime, 1793, 8vo. 
 
 Cook, Captain James, a celebrated circumnaviga 
 tor, b. in Yorkshire, 1728, killed in a quarrel with the na 
 tives at Owhyhee, one of the Sandwich Islands, in 1799. 
 Of Cook's First Voyage, 1768-71, an account will be found 
 in Dr. Hawkesworth's collection, including voyages of By 
 ron, Wallis, Carteret, and Cook, pub. Lon., 1773, 3 vols. 4to. 
 Captain Cook's account of his Second Voyage, 177275, 
 was pub. in 2 vols. 4to, Lon., 1777. His Account of his 
 Third Voyage, 1776-79, with its conclusion by Captain 
 King, 1779, '80, was pub. in 3 vols. 4to, Lon., 1784, '85. Ac 
 count of the Three Voyages, pub. in 7 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1821, 
 and in 2 vols. 8vo, 1842. See Dibdin's Library Companion; 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; and read Dr. Kippis's Life of Cook 
 in Biog. Brit. 
 
 " The spirit, disinterestedness, penetration, physical and intel 
 lectual energies of Captain James Cook, fitted him in an especial 
 manner for the various and extraordinary discoveries which he so 
 successfully accomplished, and to which, alas ! he fell a victim and 
 a sacrifice. Never were such labours closed by such a tragical ca 
 tastrophe ; and if the eulogies of the good and the wise of all coun 
 tries be grateful to departed spirits, surely there is no spirit which 
 can be soothed with purer attestations of worth, and higher acknow 
 ledgments of excellence, than that of this unparalleled and most 
 unfortunate commander." Dibdiris Lib. Comp. 
 
 The eight 4to vols. referred to above, (the Admiralty 
 edit.,) comprehending accounts of Cook's three voyages, 
 are richly ornamented with plates by Bartolozzi, Basire, 
 Pouncey, Lerpiniere, and other eminent engravers. 
 
 " This noble set of books is the fittest monument raised to Eng 
 land's greatest navigator. All the literary and artistic resources 
 of the age were employed in it, and there is no greater ornament 
 to a public or private library." 
 
 Cook, John. Redintegratio Amoris, Lon., 1647, 4to. 
 Passage from Sea from Wexford to Kinsale, 1650, 4to. 
 Monarchy no Creature of God's Making, wherein is proved 
 that the Execution of the Late King was one of the Fattest 
 Sacrifices that ever Queen Justice had, Waterf., 1652, 8vo- 
 new ed., 1794, 8vo. Other treatises. 
 
 Cook, or Cooke, John. Green's Tu Quoque ; or the 
 Cittie Gallant; a Play of much humour, Lon., 1614, 4to. 
 He also wrote 50 Epigrams. 
 
 Cook, John. Serm., Lon., 1675, 4to. 
 
 Cook, John, D.D., Prof, of Divinity at St. Andrews. 
 Inquiry into the Books of the New Testament, Edin., 1821, 
 
 " He treats of the elements of theology, of the interpretation, 
 the authenticity, the integrity ofthe text, the purpose and style, 
 and the divinity of the revelation of the New Testament. On all 
 these subjects the work deserves to be consulted." ORME : Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " A masterly treatise on Sacred Criticism." T. H. Home's Introd. 
 
 On a similar plan with the lectures of Bishop Marsh. 
 See Lon. Eclectic Review, N. S., xviii. 310. 
 
 Cook, John, D.D., of Haddington. Styles of Writs 
 and Forms of Procedure in the Church Courts of Scotland, 
 revised and adapted to the Present State of the Law of the 
 Church, Edin., 1850, 8vo. 
 
 " A work which ought to be on the table of every Presbyter, 
 and in the Library of every parish minister." Edin. Advertiser. 
 
 COO 
 
 Acts of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, 
 from 1843 to 1850, inclusive, imp. 8vo. 
 
 " These Acts contain a great mass of litigation, generally of a 
 sound practical character, a knowledge of which is absolutely in 
 dispensable to every member of our Church Courts." Edin. Adver. 
 
 Cook, John, M.D. Philosophy Unveiled, 1723, 8vo. 
 
 Cook, John, M.D. Voyages and Travels through the 
 Russian Empire, Tartary, &c., Edin., 1770, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Cook, M. Waste in Dress, Lon., 1787, 8vo. 
 
 Cook, Moses. Raising, Ac. Forest and Fruit Trees, 
 Ac., 1676-79, Ac. 
 
 Cook, S. Answer to Lord Sheffield on the Navigation 
 System, 1804. 
 
 Cook, Captain S. E. Sketches in Spain during the 
 years 1829-32, Lon., 1834, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Full of curious information, and anecdotes not to be met with 
 elsewhere." 
 
 Cook, Thomas. Industry and Idleness ; forming a 
 part of a new edit, ofthe Works of Hogarth, 1796. 
 
 Cook, W. H., M.D., b. 1832, in New York City; Prof, 
 of Therapeutics, Ac. in the Physio-Medical Coll., Ohio. 
 Treatise on the Dysentery, 1855. Principles and Practice 
 of Physio-Medical Surgery, Cincinnati, 1857, 8vo. 
 
 Cook,William.Warmingby Pipes; Phil. Trans., 1745. 
 
 Cooke, of the Inner Temple. Chrbnica Juridicalia, 
 Lon., 1685, 8vo. Argumentum Anti-Normanicum, 1682, 
 8vo. See this answered in Brady's Introd. to Old Eng. Hist. 
 
 Cooke. Remark. Declarations and Speeches, 1681, fol. 
 
 Cooke. Trans, of Histoire de 1'Edit de Nantes,1694,4to. 
 
 Cooke, Alexander. Pope Joane; proving that a 
 woman called Joan was Pope of Rome, Lon., 1610, 4to ; 
 with addits., 1625. See Harleian Miscellany, vol. iv. In 
 French, Sedan, 1633, 8vo. Worke, more Worke, and a little 
 more Worke for a Masse-Priest, Lon., 1628; best edit., 
 1630, 4to. The Weather Cocke of Rome's Religion, 1625, 
 4to. The Abatement of Popish Braggs, pretending Scrip 
 ture to be theirs, 1625, 4to. 
 
 " Cooke was a person most admirably well read in the controver 
 sies between the protestants and the papists, vers'd in the fathers 
 and schoolmen, a great Calvinist, yet witty and ingenious, and a 
 satyrical enemy in his writings against the Romanists." ANTHONY 
 WOOD. 
 
 Cooke, Anne. See BACON, LADY ANNE. 
 
 Cooke, Benjamin. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1738, '45, 
 '47 ; Nat. Philos., Horticulture, Ac. 
 
 Cooke, Benjamin, d. 1793, a composer of music. 
 
 Cooke, Benjamin. Con. to Nic. Jour., 1809, '10, 
 '11, '12; Nat. Philos. and Domestic Economy. 
 
 Cooke, Sir Charles. Commerce of G. B. and Ireland. 
 
 Cooke, E. Prospective Glass of War, 1628. 
 
 Cooke, E. W. Shipping and Craft, Lon., 1829, r. 4to ; 
 65 etchings. 
 
 " These illustrative etchings are of a very surprising character. 
 They are executed in a bold and masterly style, which, coupled with 
 the fidelity of the design, shows uncommon power." Lon. Times. 
 
 Cooke, Edward. A just and seasonable Reprehen 
 sion of Naked Breasts and Shoulders ; with a preface by 
 Richard Baxter, Lon., 1678, 8vo. 
 
 Cooke, Edward. Magna Charta, Lon., 1680, 12mo. 
 
 Cooke, Edward. Certain Passages which happened 
 at Newport, Nov. 29, 1648, relating to Charles I., Lon., 
 1690, 4to. 
 
 " In this pamphlet are several things worth reading that were 
 never before published." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Reprint, with Sir Thos. Herbert's Memoirs of K. Chas. I. 
 
 Cooke, Edward. Love's Triumph, etc. ; a Trag., Lon., 
 1678, 4to. 
 
 Cooke, Edward. A Serm., Lon., 1719, 8vo. 
 
 Cooke, Edward. Union between G. B. and Ireland, 
 1798. 
 
 Cooke, Captain Edward. Voyage to the South 
 Seas and round the World, Lon., 1712, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Cooke, Elizabeth. See RUSSELL, LADY ELIZABETH. 
 
 Cooke, Elisha, d. 1737, of Mass. Political tracts. 
 
 Cooke, F. Universal Letter- Writer, Lon., 1819, 12mo.t 
 
 Cooke, G. Wingrove. Memoirs of Lord Boling- 
 broke, Lon., 1835, 2 vols. 8vo. Life of the Earl of Shaftes- 
 bury, edited by G. W. C., 1836, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " An invaluable piece of biography, and one of great interest, 
 relating to the most instructive portion of our history the wars 
 between Charles I. and his Parliament." ion. Athenceum. 
 
 The History of Party ; 2d edit., 1840, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Cooke's work is a valuable one. He has laboured zealously 
 and well." Lon. Globe. 
 
 Treatise on the Law of Defamation, 1844, 12mo. 
 
 " This is one ofthe latest and best books on the Law of Defama 
 tion." Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 Inclosure of Commons ; 3d edit, 1856, 12mo. Enfran 
 chisement of Copyholds, 1852, 12mo ; 2d ed., 1853. Law 
 and Practice of Agricultural Tenancies, 1851, 8vo. 
 
 421 
 
coo 
 
 coo 
 
 " There is much wading in order to arrive at a useful truth. The 
 time is now come to disentangle negotiations such as a farming 
 tenancy from all feudal entertainments, and place them on sound 
 economical principles, and the intelligencies of common sense, rea 
 son, ana simple notice." Donaldson's AgricuU. Bing. 
 China in 1857-58, Lon., 1858. Commended. 
 Cooke, George. Etchings of Views of London and 
 its Vicinity; 50 engravings, 1826-28, r. 4to. Thames 
 Scenery ; 75 engravings, Lon., 1822, r. 4to. See H. G. 
 Bohn's Guinea Catalogue, Lon., 1841. Also refer there to 
 COOKE, E. W., and W. B. 
 
 Cooke, Sir George. Reports of Cases in the C. P., 
 Ac., and Rules, Orders, Ac. in the K. B., Lon., 1740-42, fol. 
 Cooke, Henry. Serm., Camb., 1704, 4to. 
 Cooke, J. Serm., 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Cooke, J. A. New Orders of the H. C. of Chancery ; 
 2d ed., Lon., 1842, 12mo. 
 
 " This is said to be a meagre and indifferent publication." See 
 2 Jurist. 971. 
 
 Cooke, James. Juridica Determinatio trium Ques- 
 tionum de Majestate, Oxon., 1608, 4to. 
 
 Cooke, James. Mellificium Chirurgise ; or, the Mar 
 row of Chirurgery, Anatomy, and Physick, much enlarged, 
 Ac., Lon., 1616, Svo; Supplement, 1655, 12ino. 
 
 Cooke, James. Drill Husbandry perfected, 1784. 
 Cooke, John, of Canterbury. Serms.,1729, 2 vols.8vo. 
 " Quae condones multum laudantur." Walchii Bibliotheca Theo- 
 logica. 
 
 Cooke, John. Compting H. Assistant, 1761, 12mo. 
 Cooke, John, Rector of Wentnor, Salop. Sermon, 
 1773, 8vo. The Preacher's Assistant, Oxford, 1783, 2 vols. 
 Svo : vol. i. containing the Texts of Serms. and Dis 
 courses pub. since the Restoration ; vol. ii. The Authors, and 
 a succinct view of their works. 
 
 " I refer the reader to this, as a useful catalogue from which he 
 may select such writers of sermons as he may think fit for his 
 library ; for where all are equally good, it would be presumptuous 
 in me to attempt to particularize the best." BISHOP WATSON. 
 
 " If continued to the present time, and made to include Com 
 mentaries and Treatises founded on chapters and texts, and printed 
 in a smaller type, so as to come into one volume, it being only 
 wanted for reference, it would be an invaluable work for ministers. 
 For older Treatises, &c., see A Catalogue of our English Writers in 
 the Old and New Testaments, 12mo, 1668." Bickersteth's Chris 
 tian Student. 
 
 Cooke, John. De Intestinis eorumque afiectibus in 
 genere, Ultr., 1648, 4to. 
 
 Cooke, John. Trans. Irish Acad., 1789, 1818 : Steam 
 Engine; Instrument for Navigation ; Wheel Carriages. 
 
 Cooke, John. Hist. Account of Greenwich Hospital, 
 by J. C. and Mr. Maull, 1789, 4to. Sermon, 1789, 8vo. 
 Voyage of the Earl of Sandwich, 1799, 4to. 
 
 Cooke, John. Confess, of a Deist, 1796, Svo. Let 
 ters, 1797. Memoirs and Remains of G. Redford, 1828, Svo. 
 Cooke, John. Circular Atlas, 1801. See Nic. Jour. 
 1801. 
 
 Cooke, John. Serms., Birmingham, 1835, Svo. 
 " Written in an unpretending style, and while they are correct 
 in their views, are pleasing as to manner." British Mag. 
 
 Cooke, John, M.D. Profess, treatises, Lon., 1730- 
 89 : medical, medical botany, chemical, and antiquarian. 
 Cooke, John Conrade. Cookery and Confectionary. 
 " The present work cannot be surpassed by Gunter, Jarrin, Ude, 
 or Beauvilliers." Lon. Literary Magnet. 
 
 Cooke, John Esten, b. 1830, at Winchester, Vir 
 ginia, brother of Philip Pendleton Cooke. 1. Leather 
 Stocking and Silk. 2. The Virginia Comedians; from the 
 MSS. of C. Effingham, Esq. 
 
 " The period of the story is about the middle of the last century ; 
 the place Williamsburg, Virginia, and its vicinity ; the characters 
 Virginia gentlemen of that day and generation, among whom 
 comes Beatrice Hallam, the leading actress of a company of come 
 dians of that ilk, and one of the most striking, truthful, and 
 lovable characters in modern fiction.- The interest of the book 
 never flags. The characters are such that we cannot be indifferent 
 to them, and the author absorbs us in their actions and their fate." 
 3. \">:'h of Jefferson. 4. Henry St. John, Gentle 
 man, Nair York, 1858. Contributor to the Southern Lite 
 rary Messenger. 
 
 Cooke, Joseph. Theolog. Essays, 1806, '08, '11. 
 Cooke, Layton. The Grazier's Manual; being Ta 
 bles showing the net weight of Cattle, Calves, Sheep, and 
 Swine, on new principles, Lon., 1819, 12mo. 
 
 " A neat volume of most useful materials." Donaldson's Agri- 
 adt. Bioff. 
 
 Cooke, Nath. Treatises on Polit. Economy, Lon. 
 1798, 1811, Svo. Immortality of the Soul, 1813, 4to. 
 
 Cooke, Philip Pendleton, 1816-1850, a native of 
 Berkeley county, Virginia. 1. Froissart Ballads, nnd other 
 Poems. 2. The Chevalier Merlin : in course of publica 
 tion in the Southern Literary Messenger at the time of 
 Mr. Cooke's death. Mr. Cooke contributed many papers 
 to the above-named magazine and other periodicala. 
 
 "Undoubtedly Philip Pendleton Cooke was one of the truest 
 poets of our day, and what he has left was full of promise that he 
 would become one of the most famous." DR. R. W. GRISWOLD. 
 
 "In its rare and peculiar excellence, in delicately-touched senti 
 ment, Florence Vane has the merit of an antique song." Duyc~ 
 kincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. 
 
 " The Chevalier Merlin is less a novel than a prose poem. No 
 one but Mr. Cooke could have written it." EDGAK A. POE. 
 
 Cooke, Richard. A White Sheet; a Serm. on Heb. 
 xiii. 4, Lon., 1629, 4to. 
 
 Cooke, or Cocus, Robert. Censura quorundum 
 Scriptorum quae sub Nominibus Sanctorum et Veterutu 
 Auctorum Pontificiis citari solent, Lon., 1614, 1623-29, 4to. 
 Cooke, Samuel, of Mass. Serms., 1748-71. 
 Cooke, Shadrach. Serms., 1685-1723. 
 Cooke, Thomas. Episcopacy Asserted, 1641. 
 Cooke, Thomas. Serms., 1702, '12, Svo. 
 Cooke, Thomas. Christian Sacrifices, 1704, 4to. 
 Cooke, Thomas. Funeral Serm., 1709, 4to. 
 Cooke, Thomas, 1702 P-1756, a native of Braintree, 
 Essex, a poet and man of learning. In 1725 he pub. a 
 poem entitled The Battle of the Poets, in which Pope, 
 Swift, and others were treated with more freedom than 
 reverence. But Cooke excited Pope's ire to a much higher 
 pitch by publishing in The Daily Journal in 1727 a trans, 
 of the episode of Thersites in the 2d book of the Iliad, to 
 show the blunders of Pope. For this exposure, and Cooke's 
 share in Penelope, a Farce, the reader already anticipates 
 the penalty. If Pope was not a Hellenist, he was an ex 
 cellent satirist, and Mr. Cooke was at once placed in the 
 literary pillory yclep'd The Dunciad. In a subsequent 
 edit, of The Battle of the Poets, Cooke notices this con 
 temptible conduct of Pope, and speaks with little respect 
 of his 
 
 " Philosophy or dignity of mind who could be provoked by what 
 a boy writ concerning his translation of Homer, and in verses 
 which gave no long promise of duration." 
 
 The Knights of the Bath, 1725. The Triumph of Love 
 and Honour, a Play. The Eunuch, a Farce. The Mourn 
 ful Nuptials, a Trag. Life and Writings of A. Marvell, 
 1726, 2 vols. 12mo. Trans, of Hesiod, 1728; of Cicero on 
 the Nature of the Gods, Poems, 1742. Trans, of Plautus, 
 vol. i., 1754; all pub. 
 
 " Dr. Johnson told us of Cooke who translated Hesiod, and lived 
 twenty years on a translation of Plautus, for which he was always 
 taking in subscriptions; and that he presented Foote to a club in 
 the following singular manner ' This is the nephew of a gentle 
 man who was lately hung in chains for murdering his brother.'" 
 BosweWs Tour to the Hebrides. 
 
 Cooke, Thomas. Serm., 1752. Essay, 1753. 
 Cooke, Thomas. The King Cannot Err,Com.,(l762,) 
 12mo. The Hermit Converted, (1771,) Svo. * 
 
 Cooke, W. Trans, of G. Zollikofer's Sermons, 1807- 
 14, 11 vols. Svo. 
 
 " These Sermons breathe the pure and gentle spirit of Chris 
 tianity, and exhibit religion to our view in the most animated and 
 alluring form." 
 
 Cooke, W. Notes to Morgagni's Seats and Causes of 
 Diseases, Phila., 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Cooke, William. Vindication of the Professors 
 and Profession of the Law, 1642, 4to. What a book for 
 lawyers ! 
 
 Cooke, William. Infant Baptism, 1644, '51, 4to. 
 Cooke, William. Inquiry into the Patriarchal and 
 Druidical Religion, Temples, Ac., Lon., 1755, 4to. The 
 Medallic History of Imperial Rome, 1781, 2 vols. 4to. 
 Other works. 
 
 Cooke, William, 1757-1832, a law writer of London, 
 of considerable eminence. Bankrupt Laws, 1786; 8th ed., 
 with addits. by Geo. Roots, 1823, 2 vols. r. Svo. This was 
 long the standard upon the subject, but has now become 
 obsolete excepting for reference to the old statutes. 
 
 Cooke, William, d. 1824, a native of Cork, settled 
 
 in London, and obtained some celebrity as a writer. The 
 
 Art of Living in London ; a Poem. The Elements of 
 
 ; Dramatic Criticism, 1775, Svo. The Capricious Lady; a 
 
 j Com., 1783, Svo. Conversation, a Didactic Poem, 1796, 
 
 1 4to; 2d ed., 1807, Svo; 4th ed., 1815. A poem of great 
 
 merit. Memoirs of C. Macklin, Svo. Memoirs of Sam. 
 
 I Foote, with some of his writings, 1805, 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 Cooke, William, Fellow of King's College, Cam 
 bridge, Greek Prof, at that University from 1780 to 1790. 
 I Serms., 1780, '81. Aristotelis de Re Poetica, 1785, Svo. 
 j Praelectio ad auctum publicum habita, Cantab., 1787, 4to. 
 The Revelations translated, examined, and explained 
 I throughout, with Keys, Illustrations, Notes, and Com 
 ments. Ac., Lon., 1789, Svo. This work has been severely 
 criticized : 
 
 " A writer who can discover the Jewish church in the Iliad, 
 and Christianity in the Odyssey, may certainly find whatever ha 
 pleases in the Book of llevelation; but it is not equally certain 
 
coo 
 
 coo 
 
 that he is qualified to detect the fallacies of Joseph Mede and to 
 prove him mistaken, false, aud erroneous." Lon. Month. Rev., 
 N.S., iii. 148. 
 
 "A very useless and trifling performance, and noticed here 
 merely to prevent the reader's being taken in as the author once 
 was by ordering it." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Cooke,William, Surgeon. Profess. treatises,1810,'ll. 
 
 Cooke, William. Geography, Lon., 1812, 4to. 
 
 Cooke, William. Isle of Wight, Southamp., 1813, 
 8vo. 
 
 Cooke, William. Sermons, 1847, '50. 
 
 Cooke, William B. Southern Coast of England, 
 1817-27, Lon., 2 vols. r. 4to. For other works of this 
 eminent artist, see Lowndes's Bibl. Man., and H. G. Bonn's 
 Guinea Cat, 1841. 
 
 Cookesey, John. Serm., Lon., 1743, '57, '60. 
 
 Cookesley, William, Surgeon. Profess, treatises, 
 1736, &c., in Ed. Med. Ess., v. p. 427, and Med. Obs. and 
 Inq., iii. p. 64. 
 
 Cookesley, William G. Serms., Lon., 1843-44, 2 
 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Sound and moderate in doctrine, earnest in their exhortations, 
 and well suited for the purposes of family and domestic worship." 
 Cfiurch and State Gazette. 
 
 Cooksey, Richard. Essay on Lord Somers, and 
 Philip, Earl of Hardwicke ; proposed to be inserted in a 
 compendious Hist, of Worcestershire, Lon., 1791, 4to. 
 
 " An esteemed work." 
 
 Miscellaneous Poems, 1796, 8vo. 
 
 Cookson, J., M.D. Phil. Trans., 1735, '45: Med. 
 and Magnetism. 
 
 Cookson, Rev. James. Polygamy, 1782. Prayer 
 Book, 1811. 
 
 Coole, Benj. Reflections on a Letter on Locke's Pa 
 raphrase and Notes, 1717, 8vo. 
 
 Cooley, Arnold James. Pharmaceutical Latin 
 Grammar, 1845, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 "Illustrated by apposite quotations on medical subjects." 
 Med. Gaz. 
 
 Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts; 3d ed., 1858, 8vo, 
 pp. 1350. 
 
 " A compendious dictionary of reference to the manufacturer, 
 tradesman, and amateur." Preface. 
 
 Cooley, James Ewing, b. 1802, in Massachusetts. 
 The American in Egypt, <fec. in 1839, '40, N. York, 8vo. 
 
 Cooley, William D. Euclid's Elements; Figures 
 of Euclid ; both, 1839, 12mo. Geomet. Propos., 1840, 12mo. 
 The Negroland of the Arabs Examined and Explained, 
 Lon., 1841, 8vo. 
 
 " A truly classical work." COUNT G. DA HEMSO. 
 
 Hist, of Maritime and Inland Discovery, 1830, 3 vols. 
 8vo; and 1846. 
 
 " A comprehensive and well-written sketch." McCuiLOCH. 
 
 The World Surveyed in the 19th Century: vol. L, Par 
 rot's Ascent of Mount Ararat, 1845, 8vo; vol. ii., iii., Er- 
 man's Travels in Siberia, 1848, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Cooley has done the cause of knowledge much good service 
 by his able and vigorous translation of Mr. Erman's valuable work. 
 
 To no more skilful hands could the task have been intrusted." 
 
 Dublin Review. 
 
 Claudius Ptolemy and the Nile, 1854, 8vo. 
 
 Cooling, Dennis. Assize Serm., 1708, 4to. 
 
 Coombe, Thomas, D.D., a native of Philadelphia, 
 banished at the time of the Revolution ; afterwards became 
 Prebendary of Canterbury. 1. The Peasant of Auburn, 
 or The Emigrant; a Poem, Lon., 1775. 2. Serms., &c 1771 
 '83, '89. 
 
 Coombe, William, 1741-1823. 1. The Diabolaid; a 
 Poem. 2. Devil upon Two Sticks in England. 3. Royal 
 Register, (q. v.) 4. Letters which passed under the name of 
 Lord Lyttleton. 5. River Thames. 6. Tours of Dr. Syn 
 tax in Search of the Picturesque, <fcc., 3 vols. 8vo, coloured 
 plates. A popular work. 7. The English Dance of Death. 
 8. The Dance of Life. 9. History of Johnny Qute Genus. 
 
 Coombes, W. Trans, of C. Brancadoro's oration at 
 funeral of Pius VI., Ac., 1800. 
 
 Cooper. Poetical Blossoms, 1793, 12mo. 
 
 Cooper. 1. Serm. 2. Poem, 1796, '97. 
 
 Cooper, A. Complete Distiller, Lon., 1757, 8vo. 
 
 Cooper, Alexander. Essay upon the Chronology 
 of the World, Edin., 1722, 8vo. " 
 
 "It is not a book which will satisfy a person who is acquainted 
 with the present state of chronological and biblical science; but it 
 affords evidence that the author studied the Scripture and the his 
 tory of the world very closely; and was desirous of promoting the 
 honour of the sacred volume." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Cooper, Andrew. The History of the English Civil 
 Warrs ; in English Verse, Lon., 1660, 8vo. 
 " Little more than a gazette or journal of passing events, in halt- 
 
 Cooper, Anthony Ashley, first Earl of Shaf tesbury, 
 
 1621-1683, a distinguished politician, educated at Exeter 
 College, Oxford, the son of Sir John Cooper, Baronet, exer 
 cised a commanding influence upon the events of his time. 
 His intellectual character was much admired by John 
 Locke, who is supposed to have been indebted for tho 
 groundwork of his celebrated essay on Toleration to an 
 outline drawn up by his lordship. A list of Speeches, Ac. 
 by this distinguished nobleman will be found in Park's 
 Walpole's R. and N. Authors. 
 
 " He canted tyranny under Cromwell, practised it under Charles 
 the Second, and disgraced the cause of liberty by being the busiest 
 instrument for it, when every other party had rejected him." 
 HORACE WALPOLE. 
 
 " For close designs and crooked counsels fit, 
 Sagacious, bold, and turbulent of wit : 
 Restless, unfixed in principles and place; 
 In pow'r unpleas'd, impatient of disgrace." 
 
 Dry den's Absalom and Achitophel. 
 
 But after this satire was published, his lordship nominated 
 Dryden's son to a scholarship in the Charter House, where 
 upon the poet thus made the amende honorable for his 
 savage assault. He tells us of Lord Chancellor Shaftes- 
 bury : 
 
 " In Israel's court ne'er sat an Abethdin 
 With more discerning eyes, or hands more clean: 
 Unbrib'd, unsought, the wretched to redress, 
 Swift of despatch, and easy of access." 
 
 " Charles the Second said to him one day, ' Shaftesbury, I believe 
 thou art the wickedest fellow in my dominions.' He bowed, and 
 replied, ' Of a subject, sir, I believe I am.' " 
 
 ' The celebrated Shaftesbury ; of powers as universal as his am 
 bition was unbounded ; the idol of the rabble at Wapping ; the wit 
 and man of fashion among the courtiers at Whitehall, and a states 
 man in the House of Lords ; whom the King, after listening to him 
 in a debate, pronounced fit to teach his bishops divinity, and his 
 judges law; a minister, a patriot, a chancellor, and a demagogue; 
 in whatever direction he moved, the man on whom all eyes were 
 to be turned ; to whom nothing was wanting but virtue." Prof. 
 Smyth's Led,, on Mod. Hist. 
 
 A Life of the Earl, by G. WIXGROVE COOKE (q. v.) was 
 pub. in 1836. See Biog. Brit. ; Burnet's Own Times ; Athan. 
 Oxon. 
 
 Cooper, Anthony Ashley, third Earl of Shaftesbury, 
 1671-1713, grandson of the above, had his early studies in 
 part directed by John Locke, and was instructed in Latin 
 and Greek by a lady of the name of Birch, who spoke these 
 languages with ease and fluency. Under her care he be 
 came no contemptible scholar when only 11 or 12 years of 
 age, at which time he was placed at Winchester School. 
 After travelling on the Continent, he entered Parliament, 
 and his remarkable apology for a speech on High Treason 
 is still celebrated. In 1711 he again visited the Continent, 
 and died at Naples, Feb. 4, 1713. His Letter concerning 
 Enthusiasm appeared in 1708. The Moralist, a Philoso 
 phical Rhapsody, 1709. Sensus Communis, 1710. This 
 is "a recital of certain conversations on natural and moral 
 subjects." Soliloquy, or Advice to an Author, 1710. Let 
 ters written by a Noble Lord to a Young Man at the Uni 
 versity, 1716. Letters to Robert Molesworth, Esq., 1716. 
 Judgment of Hercules. Letter concerning Design. But 
 his most celebrated work was his Characteristics of Men, 
 Matters, Opinions, and Times, 1711-23, 3 vols. 8vo, and in 
 1732. Many sentiments in the Characteristics are consi 
 dered as unfavourable to Christianity. 
 
 " Mr. Pope told me, that, to his knowledge, the characteristics 
 had done more harm to Revealed Religion in England than all the 
 works on Infidelity put together." BISHOP WARBURTON. 
 
 This would seem to prove that his lordship found many 
 readers of as shallow perceptions as his own. His Inquiry 
 concerning Virtue is highly commended by Sir James 
 Mackintosh, who does not admire his ordinary style: 
 
 " Grace belongs only to natural movements ; and Lord Shaftes 
 bury, notwithstanding the frequent beauty of his thoughts and 
 language, has rarely attained it. ... He had great power of thought 
 and command over words. But he had no talent for inventing 
 character, and bestowing life on it. The Inquiry coneernino- Vir 
 tue is nearly exempt from the faulty peculiarities of the author- 
 the method is perfect, the reasoning just, the style precise and 
 clear." Prelim. Divert, to Encyc. Brit. 
 
 Blair takes him. to task for want of simplicity and ease: 
 
 "His lordship can express nothing with simplicity. He seems 
 to have considered it as vulgar, and beneath the dignity of a man 
 of quality to speak like other men. Hence he is ever in buskins ; 
 full of circumlocutions and artificial elegance. In every sentence 
 we see the marks of labour and art; nothing of that ease which 
 expresses a sentiment coming natural and warm from the heart. 
 >1 figures and ornament of every kind he is exceedingly fond, 
 sometimes happy in them ; but his fondness for them is too visible ; 
 and having once laid hold of some metaphor or allusion that pleases 
 him, he knows not how to part with it." Lectures on Rhetoric and 
 Belles-Lettres. 
 
 His great admirer, Horace Walpole, cannot brook his 
 oratorical flourishes : 
 
 "His writings are much more estimable for the virtues of his 
 mind than for their style and manner. He delivers his doctrines 
 
 423 
 
coo 
 
 coo 
 
 in ecstatic diction, like one of the Magi inculcating philosophic 
 visions to an Eastern auditory." R. and N. Authors. 
 
 Bishop Warburton is for a time uncommonly gracious, 
 though afterwards not so courteous : 
 
 " The noble author of the Characteristics had many excellent 
 qualities, both as a man and a writer. He was temperate, chaste, 
 honest, and a lover of his country. In his writings he has shown 
 how much he has imbibed the deep sense, and how generally he 
 could copy the gracious manner, of Plato." Ded. to The Free, 
 Thinkers, prefixed to the Divine Legation. 
 
 Cooper, Anthony Ashley, fourth Earl of Shaftes- 
 bury, only son of the preceding, wrote a life of his father 
 for the General Biog. Dictionary; see vol. ix. 179, 1739. 
 He seems to have been a much wiser man than his father, 
 for we a,re told that 
 
 " There never existed a man of more benevolence, moral worth, 
 and true piety." BISHOP HCNTINGFORD. 
 
 We must say that we prefer his Characteristics to his 
 father's. Maurice Ashley Cooper, brother to the third Earl, 
 added to the literary honours of the family by a trans, of 
 Xenophon's Cyropedia. 
 
 Cooper, Sir Astley Paston, Bart., 1768-1841, son 
 of the Rev. Dr. Cooper, Rector of Yelverton and Morley, 
 Norfolk, studied surgery under his uncle, William Cooper, 
 surgeon to Guy's Hospital, and the celebrated Mr. Cline. 
 The latter assigned him a share in his anatomical lectures, 
 and Mr. Cooper's class rapidly increased from 50 to 400 
 students, the largest class ever known in London. In 1792 
 he visited Paris, and attended the lectures of Desault at 
 the Hotel Dieu, and those of Chopart. Returning to Lon 
 don, he resided alternately in Jeffrey- Square, New Broad- 
 Street, and New-Street, Spring Gardens. His practice was 
 very large, and in 1822 he realized the largest sum ever re 
 ceived by a medical practitioner 22, 000. For some years 
 his receipts averaged 18,000 to 20,000. He was made 
 a baronet at the coronation of George IV., in 1821. The 
 Anatomy and Surgical Treatment of Inguinal and Conge 
 nital Hernia, Lon., 1804, fol. Crural and Umbilical Her 
 nia, 1807, fol. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1800; to Med. Chir. 
 Trans., 1809, '11, '13. Surgical Essays, by Sir A. P. C. 
 and B. Travers. Part 1, 1818. Principles and Practice of 
 Surgery, ed. by F. Tyrrell, 1824, '25, '27, 3 vols. 8vo ; ed. 
 by Dr. Alex. Lee, Lon., 1836-41, 3 vols. 8vo. The Anato 
 my and Diseases of the Breast, 1840, 4to. The Testis and 
 the Thymus Gland ; 2d ed., ed. by Bransby B. Cooper, 1841, 
 r. 4to. Dislocations and Fractures of the Joints ; ed. by 
 B. B Cooper, 1842, 8vo. Amer. edit., with addit. observa 
 tions by Prof. J. C. Warren, Phila., 8vo. Sir Astley left 
 addits. in MS. for this new edition. Anatomy and Surgi 
 cal Treatment of Hernia; new edit., Lon., 1844, imp. 8vo. 
 The original edit, is entirely out of print. Life of Sir 
 Astley P. Cooper, Bart, interspersed with sketches of dis 
 tinguished characters, by [his nephew] B. B. Cooper, 1843, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Sir Astley was principally distinguished as a bold operator, a 
 decided practitioner, and as a most industrious and popular teacher. 
 Perhaps no man ever taught any branch of medicine who possessed 
 more of this element of great success. His manners were of the 
 most engaging kind, while his attention, urbanity, and regard for 
 his pupils, were of the most exemplary character." ROBERT DON- 
 DAS THOMSON, M.D. 
 
 Although a bold operator, as Dr. Thomson remarks, Sir 
 Astley seems to have been a very graceful one. Mr. Petti- 
 grew tells us : 
 
 *' The light and elegant manner in which Sir. Astley employed 
 his various instruments always astonished me, and I could not 
 refrain from making some remarks upon it to my late master, Mr. 
 Chandler, one of the surgeons to St. Thomas's Hospital. I ob 
 served to him that Sir Astley's operations appeared like the grace 
 ful efforts of an artist in making a drawing. Mr. C. replied, ' Sir, 
 It is of no consequence what instrument Mr. Cooper uses : they are 
 S*v* to bira ' and T veril y believe, he could operate as easily 
 nth an oyster-knife, as the best bit of cutlery in Laundy's shop.' " 
 
 On one occasion Sir Astley had a patient from the 
 West Indies named Hyatt, who was a rather eccentric 
 character, as the following anecdote testifies. After a 
 skilful operation by the surgeon, he desired to know the 
 amount of his debt. 
 
 < uiDeas ' repHed Astley. 'Pooh, 
 
 thing from you 
 
 ble,' and he put the cap in 
 f Und ^ "ontain 
 
 We doubt not that the respected professors of the heal 
 ing art would all be quite willing to prescribe "West In 
 dia Night-Caps" to their patients. 
 
 Cooper, Bransby B., Senior surgeon to Guy's Hos 
 pital, Ac., nephew to the preceding. Lectures on Anato 
 my, Lon., 1835, 4 vols. r. 8vo. Treatise on Ligaments 
 4th ed., 1836, 4to. Lectures on Osteology, 1844, Svo! 
 
 424 
 
 Surgical Essays, 1843, r. 8vo. Lectures on the Principles 
 and Practice of Surgery, 1851, r. 8vo. 
 
 " For twenty-five years Mr. Brausby Cooper has been surgeon to 
 Guy's Hospital ; and the volume before us may be said to consist 
 of an account of the results of his surgical experience during that 
 long period. We cordially recommend Mr. Bransby Cooper's Lec 
 tures as a most valuable addition to our surgical "literature, and 
 one which cannot fail to be of service both to students and to those 
 who are actively engaged in the practice of their profession." 
 Lon. Lancet. 
 
 Mr. B. B. Cooper has also edited some of his uncle's 
 works, and favoured the public with an account of his life 
 
 Cooper, C. Grammatica Linguae Anglicanse, Lon. 
 1685, Svo. 
 
 Cooper, C. Municipal Corporations in England and 
 Wales, Lon., 1835, 12ino. 
 
 Cooper, Rev. Charles D. See OXENDEN, ASHTON. 
 
 Cooper, Charles Purton, Doctor of Laws of the R. 
 Catholic University of Louvain, and one of her majesty's 
 counsel. Legal and Ecclesiastical Publications, 1828-51. 
 See Marvin's Legal Bibl., and Darling's Cyc. Brit. 
 
 Cooper, Chris. Heresy Unmasked, Lon., Svo. 
 
 Cooper, E. Poesy, 1761, Svo. Elbow Chair, 1765, Svo. 
 
 Cooper, Edward. Abridgt. of Anatomy, Lon., fol. 
 
 Cooper, Edward, d. 1833, Rector of Yoxhall, 1809. 
 Pract. and Famil. Serins., 7 vols. 12mo. V. Y., many edits. 
 Serms., 6th ed., 2 vols. 1819. 
 
 " Sound in his doctrine, judicious in his arrangement, simple 
 and unaffected in his language, animated yet correct in his man 
 ner, he generally pleases and edifies his reader." Lon. Christian 
 Observer. 
 
 " Plain, sound, and useful." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 The Crisis; Prophecy, and Signs of the Times, 1825, Svo. 
 
 "A practical and edifying work, though serious doubts may be 
 entertained of the justness of the interpretation of the particular 
 prophecy." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Cooper, Elizabeth. The Muses' Library, or a Se 
 ries of English Poetry from the Saxons to the Reign of 
 Charles II., 1737, '38, '41, but all the same edit. It is a 
 collection of much merit, and can be had for a few shillings. 
 
 Mrs. C. had the valuable assistance of Oldys. 
 
 Cooper, George. 1. Letters on the Irish Nation, 
 1800, Svo. 
 
 " Manners, national character, government, religion, principally ; 
 with notices on agriculture, commerce, &c." Stevenson's Voyages 
 and Travels. 
 
 2. Treatise of Pleading on the Equity Side of the High 
 Court of Chancery, Lon., 1809, '13, Svo. This work is 
 founded upon Mitford on Equity Pleading. 3. Reports of 
 Cases in H. C. of C. in Lord Eldon's time, Lon., 1815; N. 
 York, 1824, Svo. 
 
 Cooper, George. 1. Designs for the Decoration of 
 Rooms, Lon., 1807, fol. 2. Architectural Reliques of Great 
 Britain; part 1st, 1807, 4to. 
 
 Cooper, George. Domestic Brewer, 1811, 12mo. 
 
 Cooper, Sir Grey. Duke and Duchess of Athol; 
 Proceedings in H. of C. rel. to the Isle of Man, 1769, Svo. 
 
 Cooper, Henry Fox. Poem, 1805, 12mo. 
 
 Cooper, James. Vaccination Vindicated, 1811, Svo. 
 
 Cooper, James. Serms., Lon., 1840, 12mo. 
 
 Cooper, James Fenimore, 1789-1851, a distin 
 guished American author, was a son of Judge William 
 Cooper, a native of Pennsylvania, whose ancestors had 
 been settled in the United States since 1679. The subject 
 of our notice was born at Burlington, New Jersey, on the 
 15th of September. He entered Yale College in 1802, and 
 for the three years of his residence there applied himself 
 diligently to his studies. In 1805 he obtained a midship 
 man's warrant in the U. S. Navy, and followed the life of 
 a sailor for six years. How apt a scholar he became in 
 this arduous school may be judged from the technical accu 
 racy which distinguishes his marine sketches. In 1811 
 he resigned from the navy, and was married to Miss Do 
 Lancey, a sister of the estimable Bishop De Lancey of 
 Western New York. Mr. Cooper's first volume was en 
 titled Precaution, a novel of the English "fashionable 
 society" school, with few indications of the remarkable 
 powers of description and eloquence of narration which its 
 successors evinced. He next pub. The Spy, a tale of the 
 Neutral Ground, founded upon incidents connected with 
 the American Revolution. The theme was one too closely 
 connected with the sympathies of his countrymen to appeal 
 in vain to their attention. The critic of the leading pe 
 riodical of the country, in a review not in all respects the 
 most flattering to the young author, compliments him 
 
 "For having demonstrated so entirely to our satisfaction, that 
 an admirable topic for the romantic historian has grown out of the 
 American Revolution. ... He has the high praise, and will have, 
 we may add, the future glory, of having struck into a new path 
 of having opened a mine of exhaustlcss wealth in a word, he has 
 laid the foundations of American romance, and is really the first 
 
coo 
 
 who has deserved the appellation of a distinguished American 
 novel writer." JV. American Review, xv. 281. 
 
 The popularity of The Spy was not confined to Ame 
 rica. It was soon republished in many parts of Europe, 
 and the reputation of the author was confirmed abroad as 
 well as at home by the appearance of The Pioneers and The 
 Pilot in 1823, and the Last of the Mohicans in 1826. Be 
 tween the two last works was pub. a novel (Lionel Lincoln) 
 founded upon the early revolutionary troubles in America, 
 which never succeeded in gaining the popular favour. 
 
 About 1827 Mr. Cooper visited Europe, and whilst abroad, 
 gave to the world a succession of works of various grades 
 of merit, of which a critical examination will not be ex 
 pected in the limited space to which we are confined. 
 The first of the works pub. in Europe was The Prairie, 
 one of the very best of his productions which was suc 
 ceeded by The Red Rover, The Wept of Wish-ton-Wish, 
 The Water-Witch, The Bravo, The Heidenmauer, and The 
 Headsman of Berne. He also pub. a vindication of the 
 land of his birth from many current misrepresentations : 
 doubtless the Notions of the Americans did much to cor 
 rect error and abate prejudices among candid foreigners. 
 
 But if Mr. Cooper was ready to defend his country when 
 unjustly criticized, he was quite as willing to censure those 
 faults to which he perceived a growing proclivity among 
 some of her most prominent sons. We have no disposition 
 to dwell upon family quarrels, and if we enumerate The 
 Letter to his Countrymen, and The Monikins, a political 
 satire, among Mr. Cooper's works, it is with no desire to 
 revive controversy, but only to act the part of a faithful 
 chronicler. To the last-named work succeeded the Glean 
 ings in Europe: the Sketches of Switzerland, and the 
 works on France, Italy, and England, the series compris 
 ing 10 volumes, excited much attention both at home and 
 abroad. England, with Sketches of Society in the Metro 
 polis, aroused in no small degree the ire of the London 
 Quarterly Reviewer, who declares, not in the most cour 
 teous style imaginable, that 
 
 "So ill-written ill-informed ill-bred ill-tempered, and ill- 
 mannered a production it has never yet been our fortune to meet. 
 . . . We must say in justice to every thing American that we have 
 happened to meet, either in literature or in society, that we never 
 met such a phenomenon of vanity, folly, and fable* as this book 
 exhibits we say fable, because (whatever may be Mr. Cooper's in 
 tentions) his ignorance and presumption betray him at every mo 
 ment into misstatements so gross, and sometimes so elaborate, as 
 to have all the appearance and effect of absolute falsehood." 
 
 The critic indignantly denies Mr. Cooper's assertion that 
 " the Quarterly Review was the organ of a national anti 
 pathy to America." It is hardly worth while to linger 
 over such civilities, and we proceed to notice Mr. Cooper's 
 other productions. 
 
 The American Democrat, or Hints on the Social and 
 Civil Relations of the United States, appeared in 1835. 
 Three years later Mr. Cooper gave to the world a work of 
 a more elaborate character than its predecessors. This 
 was a History of the Navy of the United States, Phila. 
 1839; 2d ed., Phila., 1840,- 3d ed., Cooperstown, 1846 
 reprinted in London, Paris, and Brussels. A new ed., with 
 a continuation, 1815-53, in a supplement of 100 pages 
 from Mr. Cooper's MSS. and other authorities, was pub 
 in 1853. 
 
 "The work of an unsurpassed writer; it is so full of interest 
 and so abounds in the most vivid illustrations of American pa 
 triotism, enterprise, and courage, that it cannot be too widely circu 
 lated." GEORGE BANCROFT. 
 
 " Mr. Cooper appears to be fair, and unwarped by national preju 
 dice in these records." L<m. Literary Gazette. 
 
 "We have perused this history with no little curiosity and with 
 great interest." British Naval and Military Magazine. 
 
 " These volumes are filled with the graphic records of darinj 
 adventure, and contain, in their narration of mere facts, a treasur 
 to the lovers of sea-romance. The name of Somers is a househoh 
 word in America; and the desperate enterprise in which he am 
 his companions perished, is narrated in this work with an extra 
 ordinary effect." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 "This is a very valuable addition to naval history. Mr. Coope 
 has used a commendable diligence in searching out whatever feet 
 the early history of America affords, illustrative of the origin an 
 growth of her national navy, and has dressed them out in a form 
 as attractive as possible." N. Amer. Review. 
 
 Commendation, however, was not the only response wit 
 which the labours of the author were greeted. The ac 
 count of the Battle of Lake Erie was not suffered to escap 
 without an earnest protest from several critics ; and Mr. C 
 felt called upon to notice these strictures, in a volume pub 
 in 1842, entitled The Battle of Lake Erie, or answers t 
 Messrs. Burgess, Duer, and Mackenzie. A fitting compa 
 nion to his history is the author's Lives of American Nava 
 Officers, in 2 vols. The novels of Homeward Bound an 
 Home as Found also excited no little animadversion th 
 charge of misrepresentation being warmly urged again s 
 
 COO 
 
 le author. To these succeeded The Pathfinder, Mercedes 
 f Castile, The Deer-Slayer, The Two Admirals, Wing and 
 ing, or Le Feu Follet, Wyandotte, or the Hutted Knoll, 
 he Autobiography of a Pocket Handkerchief, Ned Myers, 
 Ashore and Afloat, Miles Wallingford, The Little-page 
 cries, including, 1. Satanstoe, 1845, 2. Chainbearer, 1845, 
 . The Red Skins, 1846. Among the last of his pub- 
 Ications were the Islets of the Gulf, pub. in Graham's 
 Magazine, 1846, and the Ways of the Hour, pub. in 1850. 
 \. complete edition, carefully revised, of the works of Mr. 
 Cooper, in 34 vols., was, very opportunely, published in 
 855 by Messrs. Stringer & Townsend, of New York. An 
 nteresting sketch of the literary history of the great Ame- 
 ican novelist, to which we have been indebted for some 
 f the above facts, will be found in R. W. Griswold's Prose 
 Vriters of America. W have lying before us many critical 
 jpinions from high literary authorities, upon the merits and 
 demerits of Mr. Cooper's productions. Our space, however, 
 estricts us to a few extracts. Indeed, works which have been 
 .ranslated into so many languages, and are in continual 
 demand with each new generation of readers, are them- 
 ,elves the best evidence of their author's tact in the se- 
 ection, and ability in the treatment, of the subjects upon 
 which he employed his pen. It is but a slight deduction 
 roin the merits of so excellent a writer, to wish that upon 
 some subjects he had written less, and upon others not at 
 all. But it ill becomes those who share in the glory which 
 he lustre of his name has shed upon the literary annals of 
 his country, to quarrel with those eccentricities from which 
 genius is but rarely free, and those occasional ebullitions 
 hich are the more remarked on account of the prominent 
 position of the offender. Nothing is more easy than the 
 sondemnation with which the indifferent spectator visits 
 ;he heated controversialist, and nothing more common than 
 ;he transformation which makes him liable to his own cen 
 sure. The proper inference to be drawn hence is, not that 
 Truth should remain silent, and permit transgression to 
 pass unrebuked, but rather that Charity should be ever at 
 icr side as a remembrancer of human infirmity, and man's 
 many provocations and sore trials. 
 
 But we are occupying with our reflections the space 
 which should be allotted to those who have better claims 
 to be heard : 
 
 " The same sort of magical authority over the spirit of romance, 
 which belongs in common to Scott, Radcliffe, Walpole, and our 
 countryman, Brown, is, for us, at least, possessed by this writer in 
 an eminent degree. Places, for example, familiar to us from our 
 boyhood, and which are now daily before our eyes, thronged with 
 the vulgar associations of real life, are boldly seized upon for scenes 
 of the wildest romance; and yet our imagination does not revolt 
 at the incongruity. . . . This seems to us no inconsiderable proof 
 of the power of the writer over us and his subject." iV. A, Review, 
 xxiii. 152. 
 
 The critic, however, charges the author with many grave 
 faults and signal failures in the delineation of character 
 and manners; and it is somewhat remarkable that some of 
 the most prominent critics among Mr. Cooper's own coun 
 trymen seem from the first to have been utterly unable to 
 discover in our author those merits which have been so 
 lavishly ascribed to him by others. There are occasionally, 
 indeed, words of commendation, but they are scarcely dis 
 cernible amidst pages of broad and unsparing censure. 
 Whether just or otherwise in these abundant strictures, it 
 is not in our province to determine. Certain it is, that if 
 the author of The Spy and the Pilot could in his latter 
 years claim to have been among the most voluminous 
 writers of his day, the critics are not chargeable with the 
 birth .of so numerous a literary progeny. In his earlier 
 days he received, indeed, many invitations to continue his 
 walks in the realm of Romance, but the awkwardly-affected 
 courtesy scarcely concealed the intentions of the lion which 
 would persuade the lamb to leave the fold for the benefit 
 of a summer day's excursion. 
 
 Abroad, the great American novelist has not escaped 
 censure we have already quoted something that can 
 hardly be called compliment from the Quarterly Reviewers ; 
 but his distinguishing merits have been frankly acknow 
 ledged. Victor Hugo goes much further than Cooper's 
 intelligent countrymen are willing to follow, when he 
 places the author of The Spy above the " Wizard of the 
 North." 
 
 A more discriminating English critic has recorded his 
 judgment, that 
 
 " The power with which the scenes on the waste of waters are 
 depicted, and the living interest with which Cooper invests every 
 particle of a ship, as if it were all an intelligent being, cannot be 
 excelled, and has never been reached by any author with whom 
 we are acquainted. For these qualities his novels will live with the 
 language, for we may look in vain elsewhere for pictures so vivid, 
 so faithful, and so intelligible." 
 
coo 
 
 Lectures on the Elements of Political Economy, Colum 
 bia, 2d ed., 1829, 8vo. 
 
 " This work, though not written in a very philosophical spirit, 
 is the best of the American works on political economy that we 
 have ever met with." McCcLLOCH : Lit. of Polit. Economy. 
 
 Dr. Cooper's infirmities obliged him to resign the presi 
 dency of Columbia College, and he devoted his last years, 
 in conjunction with Mr. D. McCord, to a revision of the 
 statutes of South Carolina. These were pub. in 10 vols. 
 8vo, Columbia, 1836-41. Besides the works mentioned, 
 Dr. Cooper pub. the Emporium of Arts, trans, from the 
 French, and many pamphlets on politics, physics, and 
 theology. Few men have led so active a life, and still 
 fewer have exhibited so great a variety of talents. 
 
 Cooper, Thomas, the Chartist. The Baron s Yule 
 Feast: a Christmas Rhyme, Lon., 1846, 12mo. The Pur 
 gatory of Suicides,- a Prison Rhyme, 3d ed., 1853, 12mo. 
 Wise Saws and Modern Instances : a Series of Short Tales, 
 1845, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Two Orations against Taking away 
 Human Life, p. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Cooper's style is intensely clear and forcible, and displays 
 great earnestness and fine human sympathy ; it is in the highest 
 degree manly, plain, and vigorous." Lon. Morn. Advertiser. 
 
 Cooper, W. White. Invalid's Guide to Madeira, 
 Lon., 1840, 12mo. On Near Sight, Aged Sight, and Im 
 paired Vision, 1846, p. 8vo. 
 
 "Truly practical, and consequently truly valuable, we recom 
 mend this volume to all eyes." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 Cooper, William, Bishop of Galloway. Dikaiologi; 
 containing a just defence of his former apology against 
 David Hume, Lon., 1614, 4to. 
 Cooper, William. Serm., Lon., 1649, 4to. 
 Cooper, William. Serms., Lon., 1663, '76, '77. 
 Cooper, William. Catalogue of Chymicall Books, 
 Lon., 1675, 12mo. Other publications. 
 
 Cooper, William, D.D., Archbishop of York. Serms., 
 Ac., 1763-79. Discourses, 1786, 2 vols. 8vo. Address, 1788. 
 Phil. Trans., 1784; of a remarkable meteor. 
 
 Cooper, William, d. 1743, aged 49, a minister of 
 Boston, Massachusetts, was in 1737 elected President of 
 Harvard College, but declined the trust. He pub. a number 
 of serms., 1714-41. The Doctrine of Predestination unto 
 Life explained and vindicated in 4 serms., 1741 ; and Lon., 
 1765, 12mo. 
 
 " A candid and practical view of this doctrine." BICKERSTETH. 
 Cooper, William, D.D., Archdeacon of York. Dis 
 courses, Lon., 1795, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Cooper, William, M.D. Med. Obs. and Inq., 1770. 
 Phil. Trans., 1775. 
 
 Coore, Richard, D.D., d. 1687. Practical Exposi 
 tion of the more difficult Texts that are contained in the 
 Holy Bible, Lon., 1683, 8vo. 
 
 " The dreams in Daniel and the visions of all the Prophets, and 
 the two mystical books of the Canticles and the Revelation are all 
 clearly opened." Author's Pref. 
 
 Coortresse, Richard, Bishop of Chichester. A 
 Serm. before the Queene's Majestic, Lon., 1573, 8vo. 
 
 Coote, Charles, LL.D., of Pembroke College, Oxford. 
 Graii Elegaia, <fcc., Lon., 1794, 4to. Hist, of England to 
 1783, 1791-98, 9 vols. 8vo. Cont. of the Peace of Amiens, 
 1803, 8vo. English Grammar, and a hist, of the language, 
 1788, 8vo. Life of Caesar, 1802, 8vo. Hist, of the Union, 
 1802, 8vo. Hist, of Modern Europe, 1810 ; continued to 
 1815, 1517, 8vo. Mosheim's Eccl. Hist, by Maclaine, 
 brought down to the 18th century, 1811, 6 vols. 8vo. Hist, 
 of Ancient Europe, 1815, 3 vols. 8vo. This was intended 
 to accompany Dr. Wm. Russell's Hist, of Modern Europe, 
 Lon., 1779, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Coote, Sir Charles, Earl of Montrath, Governor of 
 Dublin, d. 1661. Declarations, Dubl., 1659 ; Lon., 1660, 
 4to. His Victory, Lon., 1649, 4to. Transactions with 0. 
 R. O'Neal, Lon., 1649, 4to. 
 
 Coote, Chilly. Ireland's Lamentations, Lon., 1664. 
 Coote, Edward. English Schoolmaster, Lon., 1627. 
 Coote, H. J. The Homologies of the Human Skele 
 ton, Lon., 1849, 8vo. 
 
 Coote, J. Memoir of Princess Charlotte, etc., 1818,8vo. 
 
 Coote, R. H. An Analysis, arranged to serve also 
 
 as a compendious digested Index to Mr. Fearne's Essay on 
 
 Contingent Remainders and Executory Devises, and of 
 
 Mr. Butler's Notes, Lon., 1814, 8vo. 
 
 " Every topic to be found in the text and notes is concisely 
 abridged by Mr. Coote, and the whole is alphabetically arranged 
 This small volume should ever be in view whilst the student is 
 engaged with the great original." Hoffman's Legol Study, 241. 
 
 Treatise on the Law of Landlord and Tenant, Lon., 1840 
 8vo. Treatise on the Law of Mortgage, with an Appendix 
 of Precedents, Lon., 1822, 8vo. The 3d ed. of this valuable 
 work, by the original author and Richard Coote, Esq., was 
 
 COP 
 
 pub. Lon., 1850, r. 8vo. An American ed. (the third) 
 founded on the 3d Lon. ed., is now (1858) in the press of 
 ;he enterprising and well-known publishers, T. and J. W. 
 Johnson, of Philadelphia. It is edited by Judge Sharswood, 
 whose name is sufficiently known to the profession to render 
 any comments useless. The Practice of the Ecclesiastical 
 ourts, with Forms and Tables of Costs, Lon., 1846, 8vo. 
 " Ecclesiastical Practice is now for the first time made the subject 
 of a formal and elaborate treatise, and it has remained for Mr. Coote, 
 by a combination of industry and experience, to give to the pro 
 fession a work which has long been wanted, but which so few are 
 competent to supply." Lon. Law Times. 
 
 Coote, Richard, Earl of Bellamont. Articles of 
 agreement between him, R. Livingston, and Capt. W. M. 
 Kidd, fol. 
 
 Coote, Hon. Robt. Compleat Marksman ; Poem,1755. 
 Cope. Hist, of the East Indies, Lon., 1754, 8vo. 
 Cope, Alan, an English R. Catholic, d. about 1580. 
 Historia Evangelicae veritas, Lon., 1572; Doway, 1603, 4to. 
 This is a kind of Harmony of the Gospels, or rather a digest 
 of the Life of Christ, in the words of the Evangelists. . . . Crow 
 speaks of Cope as 'eximii ingenii vir." ORME: Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Cope also pub. Dialogi sex contra Summi Pontificatus 
 Monastics Vitae, &c., Antw., 1566, 4to. This work was 
 written by Nic. Harpesfield. 
 
 "Which book being put into the hands of his friend Alan Cope, 
 he put it out under his name, lest danger should befall the author 
 in person." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Cope, Sir Anthony. Historic of Anniball and Sci- 
 pio, Lon., 1544, 4to. Godly Meditacion vpon XX. Psalmes 
 of Dawid, 1547, 4to; a new ed. with Biog. Pref. and Notes, 
 by G. W. H. Cope, 1848, 8vo. 
 
 " He went into France, Germany, Italy, and elsewhere ; in which 
 places visiting the universities, and joining his company to the 
 most learned men of them, became an accomplished gentleman, 
 wrote several things beyond the seas, as well as at home." Athen. 
 Oxon. 
 
 Cope, Henry. Demonstratio Medico-Practica Prog- 
 nosticum Hippocratis, Dubl., 1736, 8vo. 
 
 Cope, Henry. Scrutiny after Religion, 1620, 8vo. 
 Cope, John. An ancient date at Widgel-Hall; Phil. 
 Trans., 1735. 
 
 Cope, Sir John. Report on his conduct, 1749, 4to. 
 Cope, Michael. Exposition on Proverbs, in French, 
 Geneve, 1557 ; trans, into English by Marcelline Outrerd, 
 1580, 4to. 
 
 "Many deep and striking thoughts." BICKERSTETH. 
 Exp. sur le Livre de 1'Ecclesiaste, Genev., 1563, 8vo. 
 " I find Michael Cope to have been a zealous Calvinist at Geneva 
 and other places, a frequent preacher in the French tongue, and 
 author in the French language." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Copeland, John. Arithmetic, Lon., 1713, 12mo. 
 Copeland, Thomas. Medical treatises, Lon., 1810, 
 '12, '18. 
 
 Copeman, E. Cases of Apoplexy, Lon., 1845, 8vo. 
 Copinger, Maurice. Excise Laws, 1799, 4to. 
 Copland, Alexander, Advocate. Mortal Life, and 
 the State of the Soul after Death, <fcc. ; 2d ed.,Lon.,1834,8vo. 
 " This work gives us all that can be known of the subject which it 
 treats, and a great deal which can only be conjectured." LOWNDES. 
 Copland, James, M.D. Pestilential Cholera, Lon., 
 12mo. Palsy and Apoplexy, 1850, p. 8vo. Dictionary of 
 Practical Medicine, Library of Pathology, and Digest of 
 Medical Literature, 1833-58, 3 vols. 8vo. This invaluable 
 work should be in the possession of every medical man, 
 and in every public library. From the many commenda 
 tions before us, we have room but for a few lines from two 
 or three eminent authorities : 
 
 " We feel it a great duty to record our opinion that, as there is 
 no medical practitioner in this country, old or young, high or low, 
 who will not derive great pleasure and great profit by consulting 
 Dr. Copland's Dictionary, so we think there is no one who should 
 not add the work to his library." Brit, and fbr. Med. Review. 
 
 " The labour is immense, and will stamp the author as a man of 
 great research, unusual industry, and sound judgment." Lon. 
 Medico-Chir. Review. 
 
 " It is the production of a physician profoundly acquainted with 
 the medical literature of all countries.and one practically acquainted 
 with the immense class of diseases usually consigned to that order 
 of the profession to which he belongs." Lon. Medical and Surgical 
 Journal. 
 
 Copland, Patrick. Virginia's God be thanked; a 
 Thanksgiving Serm., with some Epistles by Peter Pope, an 
 Indian Youth, Lon., 1622, 4to. 
 
 Copland, Peter. Con. to Med. Com. Facts and Me 
 moirs, Lon., 1791, '93, '99, and 1805. 
 
 Copland, Robert, a printer, Ac., d. about 1548 ? Hye 
 Way to the Spyttel House, Lon., 4to ; reprinted in Utter- 
 son's Pieces of early Popular Poetry, vol. ii. lyl of Braunt- 
 ford's Testament, newly compiled, 4to. Copland was author 
 of some other pieces, and trans, from the French. See 
 Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Warton's Eng. Poet. ; Athen. Oxon. ; 
 Ritson's Bibl. Poet. 
 
COP 
 
 Copland, Robert. The Questionary of Chyrurgions ; 
 with the Formulery of littl Guido in Chyrurgirie, with 
 the Spectacles of Chyrurgiens newly added, and the fourth 
 book of the Terapeutycke, or Method Curative of Claud. 
 Galyen, Prince of Physicians, with a singular Treatise of 
 the cure of Ulcers, Lon., 1541, 4to. 
 
 Copland, Samuel, D.D. Christian Character, 1785. 
 
 Copland, Samuel. Hist of Madagascar, Lon., 1821, 
 8vo. 
 
 Copleston, Edward, D.D., 1776-1849, a native of 
 Offwell, Devon, elected scholar at Corpus Christi College, 
 Oxford, 1791; chosen Fellow of Oriel College, 1795; Col 
 lege tutor, 1797; Prof, of Poetry, 1802; Proctor, 1807; 
 Provost of Oriel, 1814; Dean of Chester, 1826; Bishop of 
 Llandaff and Dean of St. Paul's, 1827. Letter to John 
 Coker, 1810. Enquiry into the doctrines of Necessity and 
 Predestination ; 4 discourses, Lon., 1821, 8vo. See Review 
 in Quart. Rev., xxvi. 82. See a list of Bishop C.'s other 
 serms., speeches, &c. in Darling's Cyc. Bibl. The follow 
 ing work conferred great reputation upon the author : Prae- 
 lectiones Academicse Oxonii habitae, 1813, Svo, and 1828, 
 8vo, Oxonii. 
 
 " The elegant and masterly Praslectiones of Mr. Copleston, de 
 livered by him as Professor of Poetry at Oxford, are, we presume, 
 already in the hands of our readers." Museum Criticum. 
 
 Copleston, John. Serm., Lon., 1661, 4to. 
 
 Copley,Anthony. A Fig for Fortune. Recta securas, 
 Lon., 1596, 4to. Trans, of the prose portion of Wits, 
 Fittes, and Fancies, 1595, 4to. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 
 iv. 1966. 
 
 Copley, Esther, late Mrs. Hewlett, one of the most 
 useful writers of the present century. We notice a few of 
 her many excellent works. Scripture Hist, for Youth, Lon., 
 1829, 2 vols. 16mo. 
 
 " The plan and execution of this work are both highly creditable 
 to the piety, talents, research, and taste of the esteemed author." 
 Lon. Evangelical Mag. 
 
 Scripture Nat. Hist, for Youth, 1828, 2 vols. Svo. Scrip 
 ture Biography, 1835, Svo. Early Friendships, 1840, ISmo. 
 
 "It is attractively written, and full of interest," Com. Adv. 
 
 Little Harry and his Uncle Benjamin, 1841, 16mo. Hist, 
 of Slavery and its Abolition; 2d ed., 1839, Svo. 
 
 " The best compendium with which we are acquainted." Lon. 
 Christian Guardian. 
 
 Copley, J. S. Borough of Horsham, 1808, Svo. 
 
 Copley, John. Observ. on Religion, Lon., 1611, 4to. 
 
 Copley, Josiah. Thoughts of Favoured Hours, 
 Phila., 1858, 18mo. 
 
 Coppe, Abiezer. Flying Roll, Ac., Lon., 1646, '49, '51. 
 
 Coppee, Henry, b. in Savannah, Georgia, Oct. 15, 
 1821; grad. at West Point in 1845, and served through 
 the Mexican War as a lieutenant of artillery ; at its close, 
 breveted a captain and sent as an instructor to the Military 
 Academy; remained on that duty until 1855; was then 
 appointed Prof. English Literature and History in the 
 University of Penna., in the place of Prof. Henry Reed. 
 Elements of Logic, Phila., 1857. Elements of Rhetoric, 
 1858. Edited Gallery of Famous English and American 
 Poets, with an Introductory Essay, Phila., 1858, Svo. Con- 
 trib. articles in prose and verse to various periodicals, Ac. 
 
 Coppin, Richard. Theolog. treatises, Lon.. 1649. 
 '53, '54, '55. 
 
 Copping, John, Dean of Clogher. Sermon. Lon., 
 1740, 4to. 
 
 Copping, Thomas. Fast Serm., 1702, 4to. 
 
 Coppinger, Mat. Poems, Songs, and Love-Verses, 
 Lon., 1682, 12mo. Reed sale, 6666, 6 6*. 
 
 Coppinger, Sir Nath. A Speech for the bringing 
 in of the Archbishop of Canterbury to his Long-Expected 
 Trial, Lon., 1641, 4to. 
 
 Copway, George, (Kahgegwagebow,) Indian 
 of the Ojibway nation, b. August, 1820, in Michigan; for 
 many years connected with the press of New York City ; 
 has lectured extensively throughout Europe and America. 
 1. Recollections of a Forest Life, 1847. 2. Traditional 
 History of the Ojibway Nation, 1850. 3. Ojibway Con 
 quest; a Poem, [curious,] 1850. 4. Running Sketches of 
 Men and Places in Europe, 1851. 5. Copway's American 
 Indian. 
 
 Corbet, Edward. Serm., Lon., 1642, 4to. 
 
 Corbet, Jeffray. Protestant's Warning Pieces, 1656. 
 
 Corbet, John, of Bonyl, Scotland. Ungirdling of 
 the Scottish Armour, Dubl., 1639, 4to. 
 
 Corbet, John, 1620-1 680, educated at Magdalen Hall, 
 Oxford, obtained the living of Bramshot, Hampshire; 
 ejected for Nonconformity, 1662. Hist. Relation of the 
 Milt. Government of Gloucester, Lon., 1645, 4to. Vindi 
 cation of the Magistrates and Ministers of Gloucester, 1646, 
 
 COR 
 
 4to. Self- Employment in Secret, 1681, 12mo. Remains, 
 1684, 4to. Other works. See Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Corbet, John, beheaded in the Irish Rebellion. Epistle 
 Congratulatorie to the Covenanters in Scotland, 1640, 4to. 
 
 Corbet, John. English Grammar, Shrew., 1784, 12mo. 
 
 Corbet, Miles. Speech in H. of Commons, 1647, fol. 
 
 Corbet,Richard,D.D.,1582-1635, educated at Broad- 
 gate's Hall and Christ Church, Oxford, Dean of Christ 
 Church, 1627; Bishop of Oxford, 1629; translated to Nor 
 wich, 1632. Journey to France; a Poem, Oratio-Oxon., 
 1613,4to. Certain elegant Poems, Lon., 1647,12mo. Poetical 
 Stromata, or Pieces in Poetry, 1648, '72, Svo. Fourth ed. 
 of his Poems, with addits. and Life by Octavius Gilchrist, 
 1809, 12mo. Of Corbet's Poems the Journey into France, 
 an amusing sketch, is 
 
 " Remarkable for giving some traits of the French character that 
 are visible in the present day." 
 
 The Farewell to the Fairies also possesses much humour. 
 See Aubrey's Letters; Life by Gilchrist; Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Corbet, Roger. Letter from Court, Lon., 1647, 4to. 
 
 Corbet, Thomas. Gospel Incense, 1653, 12mo. 
 Corbett, Misses. The New Happy Week; or, Holi 
 days at Beechwood, Lon. 
 
 " The conversations are natural, animated, and sparkling with 
 good humour and agreeable pleasantry." Edin. Even. Post. 
 
 The Happy Week ; or, Holidays at Beechwood, 3d ed. 
 
 " The Happy Week will be read with avidity by those of our 
 young friends who may be so fortunate as to obtain possession of 
 it. The ' Large Nose' is capital. The contents of the book are agree 
 ably varied." Christian Advocate. 
 
 Lessons for the Heart, selected from the best Examples 
 for the Improvement of Young Persons. 
 
 " We have been delighted with this volume, and consider it a 
 very valuable addition to the list of books designed for the in 
 struction of the young. A safer, or more useful, or more entertain 
 ing little work could scarcely be put into their hands." Christian 
 Instructor. 
 
 Elucidations of Interesting Passages in the Sacred Vo^- 
 lume, drawn from the Works of the most celebrated Com 
 mentators and Travellers. First and Second Series. 
 
 " We assure parents, guardians, and teachers, that they cannot 
 do a better service to the education of the young, than put into 
 the hands of those under their charge these deserving volumes." 
 Scottish Guardian. 
 
 The Cabinet for Youth, containing Narratives, Sketches, 
 and Anecdotes, for the Instruction and Amusement of the 
 Young, 3d edition. 
 
 " The book is a good one, and will be a popular one, or we err 
 greatly in our estimate of what young folks like to read, and what 
 their guardians think it advisable to purchase for them." Edin 
 burgh Observer. 
 
 Corbett, M. de. Oriental Key to the Sacred Scrip 
 tures, as they are illustrated by the Rites, Ac. of Eastern 
 Nations, Lon., 1837, 18mo. 
 
 Corbett, Thomas. An Inquiry relative to the 
 Wealth of Individuals, Lon., 1841, 12mo. 
 
 " It deserves the attentive perusal of the commercial world." 
 Lon. New Monthly Mag. 
 
 Corbett, Uvedale. Inquiry into the Election Laws, 
 Lon., 1816, Svo. U. C. and E. R. Daniell: Reports of 
 Controversial Elections, 1821, Svo. 
 
 Corbould, Edward. Aristomenes: a Grecian Tale, 
 with Illustrations, Lon., 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " In these two handsome volumes we find considerable power 
 of writing." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 " The whole effusion bears the very spirit of classical antiquity." 
 Lon. Monthly Advertiser. 
 
 Corbyn, Benjamin. Sermon. 
 
 Corbyn, Samuel. To the Unconverted, 1677, Svo. 
 
 Corbyn, Samuel. Sermon, Lon., 1765, Svo. 
 
 Corder, Susannah. Life of Elizabeth Fry. This 
 work has been highly commended. 
 
 Corderoy, Jeremy. Theol. treat., Lon., 1604, '08, Svo, 
 
 Cordiner, Charles. Antiquities and Scenery of the 
 North of Scotland, Lon., 1780, 4to. 
 
 "An intelligent and very amusing work, designed as a supple 
 ment to Pennant's Scottish Tour." LOWNDES. 
 
 Remarkable Ruins and Romantic Prospects of North 
 Britain, with Ancient Monuments and Singular Subjects 
 of Natural History, Lon., 1788-95, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 Cordiner, James. Description of Ceylon, Lon., 
 1807, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 " Mr. Cordiner made the tour of the whole sea-coast of the island, 
 a journey of nearly 800 miles. He states many valuable facts ; his 
 two volumes contain a great deal of curious matter." ion. Quart. 
 Review. 
 
 Cordwell, J. New System of Physic, 1668-70, Svo. 
 
 Core, Francis. Treatise on Witches, Lon., 1564, Svo. 
 
 Corfe, Joseph. Treatise on Singing, Lon., 1791, foL 
 
 Coriat, Jun. See CORYATE. 
 
 Coriat, Thomas. See CORYATE. 
 
 Corker, Edward. His Case, fol. 
 
COO 
 
 Lectures on the Elements of Political Economy, Colum 
 bia, 2d ed., 1829, 8vo. 
 
 " This work, though not written in a very philosophical spirit, 
 is the best of the American works on political economy that we 
 have ever met with." McCtJLLOCH : Lit. of Polit. Economy. 
 
 Dr. Cooper's infirmities obliged him to resign the presi 
 dency of Columbia College, and he devoted his last years, 
 in conjunction with Mr. D. McCord, to a revision of the 
 statutes of South Carolina. These were pub. in 10 vols. 
 8vo, Columbia, 1836-41. Besides the works mentioned, 
 Dr. Cooper pub. the Emporium of Arts, trans, from the 
 French, and many pamphlets on politics, physics, and 
 theology. Few men have led so active a life, and still 
 fewer have exhibited so great a variety of talents. 
 
 Cooper, Thomas, the Chartist. The Baron's Yule 
 Feast: a Christmas Rhyme, Lon., 1846, 12mo. The Pur 
 gatory of Suicides ; a Prison Rhyme, 3d ed., 1853, 12mo. 
 Wise Saws and Modern Instances : a Series of Short Tales, 
 1845, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Two Orations against Taking away 
 Human Life, p. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Cooper's style is intensely clear and forcible, and displays 
 great earnestness and fine human sympathy ; it is in the highest 
 degree manly, plain, and vigorous." Lon. Morn. Advertiser. 
 
 Cooper, W. White. Invalid's Guide to Madeira, 
 Lon., 1840, 12mo. On Near Sight, Aged Sight, and Im 
 paired Vision, 1846, p. 8vo. 
 
 "Truly practical, and consequently truly valuable, we recom 
 mend this volume to all eyes." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 Cooper, William, Bishop of Galloway. Dikaiologi; 
 containing a just defence of his former apology against 
 David Hume, Lon., 1614, 4to. 
 Cooper, William. Serm., Lon., 1649, 4to. 
 Cooper, William. Serms., Lon., 1663, '76, '77. 
 Cooper, William. Catalogue of Chymicall Books, 
 Lon., 1675, 12mo. Other publications. 
 
 Cooper, William, D.D., Archbishop of York. Serms., 
 Ac., 1763-79. Discourses, 1786, 2 vols. 8vo. Address, 1788. 
 Phil. Trans., 1784; of a remarkable meteor. 
 
 Cooper, William, d. 1743, aged 49, a minister of 
 Boston, Massachusetts, was in 1737 elected President of 
 Harvard College, but declined the trust. He pub. a number 
 of serms., 1714-41. The Doctrine of Predestination unto 
 Life explained and vindicated in 4 serms., 1741; and Lon., 
 1765, 12mo. 
 
 " A candid and practical view of this doctrine." BICKERSTETH. 
 Cooper, William, D.D., Archdeacon of York. Dis 
 courses, Lon., 1795, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Cooper, William, M.D. Med. Obs. and Inq., 1770. 
 Phil. Trans., 1775. 
 
 Coore, Richard, D.D., d. 1687. Practical Exposi 
 tion of the more difficult Texts that are contained in the 
 Holy Bible, Lon., 1683, 8vo. 
 
 " The dreams in Daniel and the visions of all the Prophets, and 
 the two mystical books of the Canticles and the Revelation are all 
 clearly opened." Author's Pref. 
 
 Coortresse, Richard, Bishop of Chichester. A 
 Serm. before the Queene's Majestic, Lon., 1573, 8vo. 
 
 Coote, Charles, LL.D., of Pembroke College, Oxford. 
 Graii Elegaia, <fec., Lon., 1794, 4to. Hist, of England to 
 1783, 1791-98, 9 vols. 8vo. Cont. of the Peace of Amiens, 
 1803, 8vo. English Grammar, and a hist, of the language, 
 1788, 8vo. Life of Caesar, 1802, 8vq. Hist, of the Union, 
 1802, 8v. Hist, of Modern Europe, 1810 ; continued to 
 1815, 1*17, 8vo. Mosheim's Eccl. Hist, by Maclaine, 
 brought down to the 18th century, 1811, 6 vols. 8vo. Hist, 
 of Ancient Europe, 1815, 3 vols. 8vo. This was intended 
 to accompany Dr. Wm. Russell's Hist, of Modern Europe, 
 Lon., 1779, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Coote, Sir Charles, Earl of Montrath, Governor of 
 Dublin, d. 1661. Declarations, Dubl., 1659; Lon., 1660, 
 4to. His Victory, Lon., 1649, 4to. Transactions with 0. 
 R. O'Neal, Lon., 1649, 4to. 
 
 Coote, Chilly. Ireland's Lamentations, Lon., 1664 
 Coote, Edward. English Schoolmaster, Lon., 1627 
 Coote, H. J. The Homologies of the Human Skele 
 ton, Lon., 1849, 8vo. 
 
 Coote, J. Memoir of Princess Charlotte, etc., 1818,8vo. 
 
 Coote, R. H. An Analysis, arranged to serve also 
 
 as a compendious digested Index to Mr. Fearne's Essay on 
 
 Contingent Remainders and Executory Devises, and of 
 
 Mr. Butler's Notes, Lon., 1814, 8vo. 
 
 "Every topic to be found in the text and notes is concisely 
 abndged by Mr. Coote, and the whole is alphabetically arranged 
 This small volume should ever be in view whilst the student is 
 engaged with the great original." Hoffman's Legal Study, 241. 
 
 Treatise on the Law of Landlord and Tenant, Lon., 1840, 
 8vo. Treatise on the Law of Mortgage, with an Appendix 
 of Precedents, Lon., 1822, 8vo. The 3d ed. of this valuable 
 work, by the original author and Richard Coote, Esq., was 
 
 COP 
 
 pub. Lon., 1850, r. 8vo. An American ed. (the third) 
 bunded on the 3d Lon. ed., is now (1858) in the press of 
 the enterprising and well-known publishers, T. and J. W. 
 Johnson, of Philadelphia. It is edited by Judge Sharswood, 
 whose name is sufficiently known to the profession to render 
 ny comments useless. The Practice of the Ecclesiastical 
 Courts, with Forms and Tables of Costs, Lon., 1846, 8vo. 
 " Ecclesiastical Practice is now for the first time made the subject 
 of a formal and elaborate treatise, and it has remained for Mr. Coote, 
 jy a combination of industry and experience, to give to the pro 
 fession a work which has long been wanted, but which so few are 
 competent to supply." Lon. Law Times. 
 
 Coote, Richard, Earl of Bellamont. Articles of 
 agreement between him, R. Livingston, and Capt. W. M. 
 Kidd, foL 
 
 Coote, Hon. Robt. Compleat Marksman; Poem,1755. 
 Cope. Hist, of the East Indies, Lon., 1754, 8vo. 
 Cope, Alan, an English R. Catholic, d. about 1580. 
 Historia Evangelicae veritas, Lon., 1572; Doway, 1603, 4to. 
 " This is a kind of Harmony of the Gospels, or rather a digest 
 of the Life of Christ, in the words of the Evangelists. . . . Crow 
 speaks of Cope as ' eximii ingenii vir." ORME : Bill. Bib. 
 
 Cope also pub. Dialogi sex contra Summi Pontificatus 
 Monastics Vitae, Ac., Antw., 1566, 4to. This work was 
 written by Nic. Harpesfield. 
 
 "Which book being put into the hands of his friend Alan Cope, 
 tie put it out under his name, lest danger should befall the author 
 in person." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Cope, Sir Anthony. Historic of Anniball and Sci- 
 pio, Lon., 1544, 4to. Godly Meditacion vpon XX. Psalmes 
 of Dawid, 1547, 4to; a new ed. with Biog. Pref. and Notes, 
 by G. W. H. Cope, 1848, 8vo. 
 
 " He went into France, Germany, Italy, and elsewhere ; in which 
 places visiting the universities, and joining his company to the 
 most learned men of them, became an accomplished gentleman, 
 wrote several things beyond the seas, as well as at home." Athen. 
 Oxon. 
 
 Cope, Henry. Demonstratio Medico-Practica Prog- 
 nosticum Hippocratis, Dubl., 1736, 8vo. 
 
 Cope, Henry. Scrutiny after Religion, 1620, 8vo. 
 Cope, John. An ancient date at Widgel-Hall ; Phil. 
 Trans., 1735. 
 
 Cope, Sir John. Report on his conduct, 1749, 4to. 
 Cope, Michael. Exposition on Proverbs, in French, 
 Geneve, 1557; trans, into English by Marcelline Outrerd, 
 1580, 4to. 
 
 "Many deep and striking thoughts." BICKERSTETH. 
 Exp. sur le Livre de 1'Ecclesiaste, Genev., 1563, 8vo. 
 " I find Michael Cope to have been a zealous Calvinist at Geneva 
 and other places, a frequent preacher in the French tongue, and 
 author in the French language." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Copeland, John. Arithmetic, Lon., 1713, 12mo. 
 Copeland, Thomas. Medical treatises, Lon., 1810, 
 '12, '18. 
 
 Copeman, E. Cases of Apoplexy, Lon., 1845, 8vo. 
 Copinger, Maurice. Excise Laws, 1799, 4to. 
 Copland, Alexander, Advocate. Mortal Life, and 
 the State of the Soul after Death, <fcc. ; 2d ed.,Lon.,1834,8vo. 
 " This work gives us all that can be known of the subject which it 
 treats, and a great deal which can only be conjectured." LOWNDES. 
 Copland, James, M.D. Pestilential Cholera, Lon., 
 12mo. Palsy and Apoplexy, 1850, p. 8vo. Dictionary of 
 Practical Medicine, Library of Pathology, and Digest of 
 Medical Literature, 1833-58, 3 vols. 8vo. This invaluable 
 work should be in the possession of every medical man, 
 and in every public library. From the many commenda 
 tions before us, we have room but for a few lines from two 
 or three eminent authorities : 
 
 " We feel it a great duty to record our opinion that, as there Is 
 no medical practitioner in this country, old or young, high or low, 
 who will not derive great pleasure and great profit by consulting 
 Dr. Copland's Dictionary, so we think there is no one who should 
 not add the work to his library." Brit, and For. Med. Review. 
 
 " The labour is immense, and will stamp the author as a man of 
 great research, unusual industry, and sound judgment." Lon. 
 Medico-Chir. Review. 
 
 " It is the production of a physician profoundly acquainted with 
 the medical literature of all countries.and one practically acquainted 
 with the immense class of diseases usually consigned to that order 
 of the profession to which he belongs." Lon. Medical and Surgical 
 Journal. 
 
 Copland, Patrick. Virginia's God be thanked; a 
 Thanksgiving Serm., with some Epistles by Peter Pope, an 
 Indian Youth, Lon., 1622, 4to. 
 
 Copland, Peter. Con. to Med. Com. Facts and Me 
 moirs, Lon., 1791, '93, '99, and 1805. 
 
 Copland, Robert, a printer, Ac., d. about 1548 ? Hye 
 Way to the Spyttel House, Lon., 4to ; reprinted in Utter- 
 son's Pieces of early Popular Poetry, vol. ii. lyl of Braunt- 
 ford's Testament, newly compiled, 4to. Copland was author 
 of some other pieces, and trans, from the French. See 
 Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Warton's Eng. Poet. ; Athen. Oxon. ; 
 Ritson's Bibl. Poet. 
 
COP 
 
 COR 
 
 Copland, Robert. The Questionary of Chyrurgions ; 
 with the Formulery of littl Guido in Chyrurgirie, with 
 the Spectacles of Chyrurgiens newly added, and the fourth 
 book of the Terapeutycke, or Method Curative of Claud. 
 Galyen, Prince of Physicians, with a singular Treatise of 
 the cure of Ulcers, Lon., 1541, 4to. 
 
 Copland, Samuel, D.D. Christian Character, 1785. 
 
 Copland, Samuel. Hist, of Madagascar, Lon., 1821, 
 8vo. 
 
 Copleston, Edward, D.D., 1776-1849, a native of 
 Offwell, Devon, elected scholar at Corpus Christi College, 
 Oxford, 1791; chosen Fellow of Oriel College, 1795; Col 
 lege tutor, 1797; Prof, of Poetry, 1802; Proctor, 1807; 
 Provost of Oriel, 1814; Dean of Chester, 1826; Bishop of 
 Llandaff and Dean of St. Paul's, 1827. Letter to John 
 Coker, 1810. Enquiry into the doctrines of Necessity and 
 Predestination ; 4 discourses, Lon., 1821, 8vo. See Review 
 in Quart. Rev., xxvi. 82. See a list of Bishop C.'s other 
 serms., speeches, <fcc. in Darling's Cyc. Bibl. The follow 
 ing work conferred great reputation upon the author : Prae- 
 lectiones Academicse Oxonii habitse, 1813, 8vo, and 1828, 
 8vo, Oxonii. 
 
 " The elegant and masterly Praelectiones of Mr. Copleston, de 
 livered by him as Professor of Poetry at Oxford, are, we presume, 
 already in the hands of our readers." Museum Criticum. 
 
 Copleston, John. Serm., Lon., 1661, 4to. 
 
 Copley,Anthony. A Fig for Fortune. Recta securas, 
 Lon., 1596, 4to. Trans, of the prose portion of Wits, 
 Fittes, and Fancies, 1595, 4to. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 
 iv. 1966. 
 
 Copley, Esther, late Mrs. Hewlett, one of the most 
 useful writers of the present century. We notice a few of 
 her many excellent works. Scripture Hist, for Youth, Lon., 
 1829, 2 vols. 16mo. 
 
 " The plan and execution of this work are both highly creditable 
 to the piety, talents, research, and taste of the esteemed author." 
 Lon. Evangelical Mag. 
 
 Scripture Nat. Hist, for Youth, 1828, 2 vols. 8vo. Scrip 
 ture Biography, 1835, 8vo. Early Friendships, 1840, 18mo. 
 
 " It is attractively written, and full of interest." Com. Adv. 
 
 Little Harry and his Uncle Benjamin, 1841, 16mo. Hist, 
 of Slavery and its Abolition; 2d ed., 1839, 8vo. 
 
 " The best compendium with which we are acquainted." Lon. 
 Christian Guardian. 
 
 Copley, J. S. Borough of Horsham, 1808, 8vo. 
 
 Copley, John. Observ. on Religion, Lon., 1611, 4to. 
 
 Copley, Josiah. Thoughts of Favoured Hours, 
 Phila., 1858, 18mo. 
 
 Coppe, Abiezer. Flying Roll, Ac., Lon., 1646, '49, '51. 
 
 Coppee, Henry, b. in Savannah, Georgia, Oct. 15, 
 1821; grad. at West Point in 1845, and served through 
 the Mexican War as a lieutenant of artillery ; at its close, 
 breveted a captain and sent as an instructor to the Military 
 Academy ; remained on that duty until 1855 ; was then 
 appointed Prof. English Literature and History in the 
 University of Penna., in the place of Prof. Henry Reed. 
 Elements of Logic, Phila., 1857. Elements of Rhetoric, 
 1858. Edited Gallery of Famous English and American 
 Poets, with an Introductory Essay, Phila., 1858, 8vo. Con- 
 trib. articles in prose and verse to various periodicals, Ac. 
 
 Coppin, Richard. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1649, 
 '53, '54, '55. 
 
 Copping, John, Dean of Clogher. Sermon, Lon., 
 1740, 4to. 
 
 Copping, Thomas. Fast Serm., 1702, 4to. 
 
 Coppinger, Mat. Poems, Songs, and Love-Verses, 
 Lon., 1682, 12mo. Reed sale, 6666, 6 6. 
 
 Coppinger, Sir Nath. A Speech for the bringing 
 in of the Archbishop of Canterbury to his Long-Expected 
 Trial, Lon., 1641, 4to. 
 
 Copway, George, (Kahgegwagebow,) Indian 
 of the Ojibway nation, b. August, 1820, in Michigan; for 
 many years connected with the press of New York City ; 
 has lectured extensively throughout Europe and America. 
 1. Recollections of a Forest Life, 1847. 2. Traditional 
 History of the Ojibway Nation, 1850. 3. Ojibway Con 
 quest; a Poem, [curious,] 1850. 4. Running Sketches of 
 Men and Places in Europe, 1851. 5. Copway's American 
 Indian. 
 
 Corbet, Edward. Serm., Lon., 1642, 4to. 
 
 Corbet, Jeffray. Protestant's Warning Pieces, 1656. 
 
 Corbet, John, of Bonyl, Scotland. Ungirdling of 
 the Scottish Armour, Dubl., 1639, 4to. 
 
 Corbet, John, 1620-1 680, educated at Magdalen Hall, 
 Oxford, obtained the living of Bramshot, Hampshire; 
 ejected for Nonconformity, 1662. Hist. Relation of the 
 Milt. Government of Gloucester, Lon., 1645, 4to. Vindi 
 cation of the Magistrates and Ministers of Gloucester, 1646, 
 
 4to. Self- Employment in Secret, 1681, 12mo. Remains, 
 1684, 4to. Other works. See Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Corbet, John, beheaded in the Irish Rebellion. Epistle 
 Congratulatorie to the Covenanters in Scotland, 1640, 4to. 
 
 Corbet,John. English Grammar, Shrew., 1784, 12mo. 
 
 Corbet, Miles. Speech in H. of Commons, 1647, fol. 
 
 Corbet,Richard,D.D.,1582-1635, educated at Broad- 
 gate's Hall and Christ Church, Oxford, Dean of Christ 
 Church, 1627; Bishop of Oxford, 1629; translated to Nor 
 wich, 1632. Journey to France; a Poem, Oratio-Oxon., 
 1613,4to. Certain elegant Poems, Lon., 1647,12ino. Poetical 
 Stromata, or Pieces in Poetry, 1648, '72, 8vo. Fourth ed. 
 of his Poems, with addits. and Life by Octavius Gilchrist, 
 1809, 12mo. Of Corbet's Poems the Journey into France, 
 an amusing sketch, is 
 
 " Remarkable for giving some traits of the French character that 
 are visible in the present day." 
 
 The Farewell to the Fairies also possesses much humour. 
 See Aubrey's Letters ; Life by Gilchrist ; Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Corbet, Roger. Letter from Court, Lon., 1647, 4to. 
 
 Corbet, Thomas. Gospel Incense, 1653, 12mo. 
 
 Corbett, Misses. The New Happy Week; or, Holi 
 days at Beechwood, Lon. 
 
 " The conversations are natural, animated, and sparkling with 
 good humour and agreeable pleasantry." Edin. Even. Post. 
 
 The Happy Week ; or, Holidays at Beechwood, 3d ed. 
 
 " The Happy Week will be read with avidity by those of our 
 young friends who may be so fortunate as to obtain possession of 
 it. The ' Large Nose' is capital. The contents of the book are agree 
 ably varied." Christian Advocate. 
 
 Lessons for the Heart, selected from the best Examples 
 for the Improvement of Young Persons. 
 
 " We have been delighted with this volume, and consider it a 
 very valuable addition to the list of books designed for the in 
 struction of the young. A safer, or more useful, or more entertain 
 ing little work could scarcely be put into their hands." Christian 
 Instructor. 
 
 Elucidations of Interesting Passages in the Sacred Vo 
 lume, drawn from the Works of the most celebrated Com 
 mentators and Travellers. First and Second Series. 
 
 " We assure parents, guardians, and teachers, that they cannot 
 do a better service to the education of the young, than put into 
 the hands of those under their charge these deserving volumes." 
 Scottish Guardian. 
 
 The Cabinet for Youth, containing Narratives, Sketches, 
 and Anecdotes, for the Instruction and Amusement of the 
 Young, 3d edition. 
 
 " The book is a good one, and will be a popular one, or we err 
 greatly in our estimate of what young folks like to read, and what 
 their guardians think it advisable to purchase for them." Edirtr 
 burgh Observer. 
 
 Corbett, M. de. Oriental Key to the Sacred Scrip 
 tures, as they are illustrated by the Rites, fec. of Eastern 
 Nations, Lon., 1837, 18mo. 
 
 Corbett, Thomas. An Inquiry relative to the 
 Wealth of Individuals, Lon., 1841, 12mo. 
 
 "It deserves the attentive perusal of the commercial world." 
 Lon. New Monthly Mag. 
 
 Corbett, TJvedale. Inquiry into the Election Laws, 
 Lon., 1816, 8vo. U. C. and E. R. Daniell: Reports of 
 Controversial Elections, 1821, 8vo. 
 
 Corbould, Edward. Aristomenes: a Grecian Tale, 
 with Illustrations, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " In these two handsome volumes we find considerable power 
 of writing." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 " The whole effusion bears the very spirit of classical antiquity." 
 Lon. Monthly Advertiser. 
 
 Corbyn, Benjamin. Sermon. 
 
 Corbyn, Samuel. To the Unconverted, 1677, 8vo, 
 
 Corbyn, Samuel. Sermon, Lon., 1765, 8vo. 
 
 Corder, Susannah. Life of Elizabeth Fry. This 
 work has been highly commended. 
 
 Corderoy, Jeremy. Theol. treat., Lon., 1604, '08, 8vo, 
 
 Cordiner, Charles. Antiquities and Scenery of the 
 North of Scotland, Lon., 1780, 4to. 
 
 "An intelligent and very amusing work, designed as a supple 
 ment to Pennant's Scottish Tour." LOWNBES. 
 
 Remarkable Ruins and Romantic Prospects of North 
 Britain, with Ancient Monuments and Singular Subjects 
 of Natural History, Lon., 1788-95, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 Cordiner, James. Description of Ceylon, Lon., 
 1807, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 " Mr. Cordiner made the tour of the whole sea-coast of the island, 
 a journey of nearly 800 miles. He states many valuable facts ; his 
 two volumes contain a great deal of curious matter." Lon. Quart. 
 Review. 
 
 Cordwell, J. New System of Physic, 1668-70, 8vo. 
 
 Core, Francis. Treatise on Witches, Lon., 1564, 8vo. 
 
 Corfe, Joseph. Treatise on Singing, Lon., 1791, foL 
 
 Coriat, Jun. See CORYATE. 
 
 Coriat, Thomas. See CORYATE. 
 
 Corker, Edward. His Case, fol. 
 
COR 
 
 COR 
 
 Corker, James, is supposed to have written the 
 treatise entitled, Roman Catholic Principles in reference 
 to God and the king, 1680, which was referred to by Lord 
 Stafford on his trial in vindication of his faith. A new 
 edit, was pub. by Rev. John Kirk, 1815, 8vo. 
 
 " It is a clear and accurate exposition of the Roman Catholic 
 Creed, on some of its most important principles, and has all the 
 authority that such a document can receive from time and uni 
 versal assent." CHARLES BUTLER. 
 
 " In perusing the Principles, Dr. Leland, the historian, is said 
 to have declared, that, if such were the principles of Roman Catho 
 lics, no government had any right to quarrel with them." See 
 Charles Butler's Memoirs respect, the English, Irish, and Scottish 
 Catholics, 1819; ii. 40, 345-353. 
 
 Corker, Samuel. Funl. Serm., Dubl., 1695, 4to. 
 
 Cormack, John. Lives of Philosophers ; trans, from 
 Fenelon, Lon., 1803, 2 vols. 12mo. Female Infanticide in 
 Guezerat, 1815, 8vo. Sermon, Edin., 1810. 
 
 Cormick, C. M. Hist, of England, from the Death 
 of George II. to the Peace of 1783, Lon., 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Cormouls, Thomas. Eversion; or the Refutation 
 of the present Principles of Mundane Philosophy, Wol- 
 verh., 1804, 8vo. 
 
 Corncob, Jonathan, Loyal American Refugee, The 
 Adventures of, Lon., 1787, 12mo. 
 
 " The prototype of the Halls and Trollopes, who, as the Monthly 
 Review says, ' thought that his ridicule of the Jonathans would 
 render his work the more acceptable in England.' " RICH : Bib. 
 Amer. Nova. 
 
 Cornelius, Lucius. De Monarchia Jesuitarum, 
 Lon., 1648, '65, '80, 8vo. 
 
 Cornelius, Peter. A Way to make the Poor, in these 
 and other Nations, happy, Lon., 1659, 4to. Surely so phi 
 lanthropic a proposal demands a respectful consideration ! 
 
 Cornell, Ebenezer. Sermon, Lon., 1756, 8vo. 
 
 Cornell, S. S., Corresponding Member of the Ame 
 rican Geographical and Statistical Society. Author of a 
 series of popular School Geographies. 
 
 Cornell, Rev. Wm. Mason, M.D., b. 1802, Massa 
 chusetts, grad. at Brown Univ., 1827. Grammar of the 
 English Language. Consumption Prevented, 8th edition. 
 Consumption Forestalled and prevented. Sabbath made 
 for Man. Treatise on Epilepsy. Contributed largely to 
 the various medical and educational journals. 
 
 Corner, Julia, may be styled, without compliment, 
 one of the most useful writers of the age. Of her many 
 valuable works, we notice : Questions on the Hist, of Eu 
 rope; a Sequel to Miss Mangnall's Hist. Questions; new 
 ed., Lon., 1847, 12mo. 
 
 " Miss Corner is a worthy successor to Miss Mangnall. An im 
 mense quantity of matter is condensed in these pages." Lon. Lit. 
 Gazette. 
 
 Children's Sunday Books, 1850-52. Hist, of China and 
 India. The Historical Library, 1840-48, 14 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " We know of no works better suited for youth, or the careful 
 perusal of which is likely to be attended with more lasting impres 
 sions, than Miss Corner's Hist. Library." Lon. Conservative Jour. 
 
 " Miss Corner writes intelligibly and fluently, with much easy 
 fcnd winning grace." Lon. Mag. of Arts and Sciences. 
 
 We have perhaps 20 or 30 such commendations before us. 
 
 Corney, Bolton. New Curiosities of Literature, in 
 Illustration of D'Israeli, Lon., 1838, p. 8vo ; and a 2d ed. 
 
 " Ce livre est une vive critique des Curiosites de la Litterature, 
 recueil d'anecdotes et de remarques bibliographiques fort repandu 
 en Angleterre. . . . M. Bolton Corney a deja publie un 6crit fort 
 judicieux sur la Tapisserie de Bayeux." Journal des Savants. 
 
 " These illustrations are by for the best specimens of historical 
 and bibliographical criticism that we have seen anywhere this 
 many a day." Lon. Metropolitan Magazine. 
 
 "A masterly volume." London Examiner. 
 
 See a communication from Mr. Corney, and a letter from 
 the Rev. Alexander Crombie, respecting the above-named 
 work, in the Gent. Mag., Oct. 1841, 355. 
 
 Thomson's Seasons, edit, by Bolton Corney, 1842, sq. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Bolton Corney's labours are not the less to be commended 
 because they are unobtrusive : the work is extremely well edited." 
 ~-London Athenceum. 
 
 The Poetical Works of Oliver Goldsmith; edited by 
 Bolton Corney, 1845, 8vo. A valuable edit. 
 
 "The whole of the poems have been collated with the several 
 editions; the Deserted Village boasts an improved text; and the 
 oratorio of the Captivity is printed complete from the MS. in Mr. 
 Murray's possession. A new memoir of the poet has the merits 
 of fulness and accuracy in respect of facts, and conciseness in point 
 of style." London Spectator. 
 
 Mr. Corney is well known as a contributor to Notes and 
 Queries and other journals. He is one of the few learned 
 archaeologists still left (1858) of the school of Nichols and 
 Gough, Baker and Cole. 
 
 Comings, Benj. N., b. 1817, at Cornish, N. Hamp 
 shire. Principles of Physiology, 1851. Class Book of 
 Physiology, 1853. Preservation of Health and Prevention 
 of Disease, 1854. 
 
 m 
 
 Cornish, Joseph. Theolog. treatises, <fec., 1780, '89, 
 '90. Importance of Classical Learning, 1783, 8vo. 
 
 Cornish, T. H. Juryman's Legal Hand Book and 
 Manual of Common Law, 2d ed., Lon., 1843, 8vo. 
 
 " This little volume contains much curious as well as useful 
 matter, collected from various sources, adapted principally to the 
 use of the general reader." 25 Legal Observer, 500. 
 
 Cornish, William Floyer. Essay on Uses, Lon., 
 1825, 8vo. Essay on the Law of Remainders, 1827, 8vo. 
 
 " It involves critical discussions upon the most abstruse, subtle, 
 and artificial distinctions in the law, and the author is a shrewd 
 and dry critic, dealing in occult points." 4 Kent's Com., 198, 245, 
 260. 
 
 " His new classification may be maintained without materially 
 impairing the usefulness of Mr. Fearne's treatise." Hoffman's Le 
 gal Study, 258. 
 
 Treatise on Purchase Deeds, 1828, 8vo. 
 
 "A very creditable production, better suited, however, for Eng 
 lish conveyances than for this country. . . . Every thing from the 
 pen of Mr. Cornish is learned and able." Hoffman's Legal Shtdy ; 
 q. v. for an account of this learned author, who died at an early age. 
 
 Cornthwaite,Robert. The Sabbath, Lon., 1740,8vo. 
 
 Cornwall, Barry. See PROCTER, BRYAN WALTER. 
 
 Cornwall, Frederic. Assize Serm., Lon., 1710, 8vo. 
 
 Cornwall, Capt. Henry. Observations upon several 
 Voyages to India, Lon., 1720, fol. Magnetic Needle; 
 Phil. Trans., 1722. 
 
 Cornwall, James. Tables of Pleadings, Writs, &c., 
 Lon., 1705, fol. This sometimes accompanies G. Town- 
 send's Tables, 1667. 
 
 Cornwall, John, D.D. Serm., Camb., 1701, 4to. 
 
 Cornwall, N. E. Music as it Was and as it Is, New 
 York, 12mo. 
 
 Cornwalleys, Henry. Serms., &c. Lon., 1693-1706. 
 
 Cornwallis, Sir Charles, d. about 1630. The Life 
 and Death of Henry, Prince of Wales, Lon., 1641, 8vo 
 and 4to; 1644, 1738, '51; with an Appendix, 1788, 8vo. 
 Granger commends this work for elegance of style, but 
 Birch condemns it as extremely superficial. 
 
 Cornwallis, Charles, Marquis, 1738-1805, served 
 against the Americans in their revolutionary struggle, and 
 afterwards distinguished himself in Ireland and the East 
 Indies. In 1762 he succeeded his father in the Earldom 
 of Cornwallis. He accepted the government of British 
 India in 1790, and again in 1805. He died in the latter 
 year at Ghazepore, in the province of Benares. An Answer 
 to that part of the Narrative of Lieut.-Gen. Henry Clinton, 
 K. B., which relates to the Conduct of Earl C. during the 
 Campaign in North America, in the year 1781, '82, 8vo. 
 
 Cornwallis, Frederick, Archbishop of Canterbury, 
 d. 1783, son of Lord Cornwallis, was consecrated Bishop 
 of Lichfield and Coventry, 1749 ; translated to Canterbury, 
 1768. Serms., 1751, '52, '56, '62. 
 
 Cornwallis, James, Dean of Canterbury, 1775, con 
 secrated Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, 1781. Serms., 
 1777, '82, 1811. 
 
 Cornwallis, Mrs. Mary. Observations on the Ca 
 nonical Scriptures, Lon., 1817, '20, and last ed., 1831, 4 
 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " A judicious and pleasing companion in the perusal of the Holy 
 Scriptures." Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 Cornwallis, Sir William, son of Sir Charles. Es 
 says, Lon., 1600, 8vo; newly corrected, 1632, 8vo. Dis 
 courses upon Seneca, 1601, 16mo. Union of England and 
 Scotland, 1604, 4to. Essays on Encomium of Sadness 
 and of Julian the Apostate, 1616, '26, 4to. Praise of King 
 Richard, 1617 : in the Somers Collection of Tracts, vol. iii. 
 
 Cornwell, B. M. L. The Domestic Physician, 1785, 
 
 Cornwell, Francis. Theolog. treatises, 1644, '45, '46. 
 
 Cornwell, James, has pub. many useful educational 
 works on Grammar, Geography, Composition, <fec. some 
 of them in conjunction with the late Dr. Alexander Allen. 
 Their works have been highly commended as 
 
 "Written by those who are profoundly acquainted with the 
 sources of our language." Church of England Quarterly. 
 
 Corp, Harriet. An Antidote to the Miseries of Hu 
 man Life, or the Widow Placid and her daughter Rachel, 
 1814, 2 vols. fc. 8vo. 
 
 Corp, William, M.D. Jaundice, 1785. Essay, 1792. 
 
 Corri, D. Singer's Preceptor, 1811, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Corrie, Archibald, 1777-1857, a distinguished agri 
 cultural writer. 
 
 Corrie, D., LL.D., first Bishop of Madras. Memoirs 
 of; compiled chiefly from his own Letters and Journals, 
 by his Brothers, Lon., 1846, 8vo. 
 
 Corrie, Edgar. Treat, on Polit, Econ., 1 791, '96, 1808. 
 
 Corrie, George Elwes, Norrisian Prof, of Divinity, 
 Cambridge. Burnet's Hist, of the Reformation abridged, 
 Lon., 1847, 8vo. 
 
COR 
 
 COS 
 
 "In this Edition, the supplemental Matter added by the Bishop, | 
 and which has hitherto existed in a Separate Form, has been in- } 
 corporated into the History ; admitted Error has been corrected, 
 and some changes and additions made." 
 
 Corrie, James, M.D. Vitality of the Blood, Lon., 
 1791, 8vo. 
 
 Corrie, John. Apology for the diversity of religious 
 sentiments, 1802, 8vo. Reflections on Private Judgment 
 in Religion ; a serni., 1804, 8vo. 
 
 Corrigan, Andrew. Theory and Practice of Modern 
 Agriculture ; to which is added, the breeding and manage 
 ment of sheep, cattle, pigs, and poultry, with some remarks 
 on dairy-husbandry, 1853. 
 
 " This small work is truly a multum in parvo, showing a very 
 correct knowledge of the articles described." Donaldson's Agricult. 
 Bioff. 
 
 Corry, John. Life of Washington, Lon., 1800, 12mo ; 
 of A. Berkeley, 1808, 12mo ; of Cowper, 1803, 12mo ; of 
 J. Priestley, 1805, 8vo. Tales, 1802, 12mo. View of Lon 
 don, 1799, 12mo. Address, 1803, 12mo. Novels, 1803, Ac. 
 The Detector of Quackery, or Analysis of Medical, Philo 
 sophical, Political, Dramatic, and Literary Imposture, 
 1801, 8vo. 
 
 Corry, John. Hist, of Bristol, by J. C. and John 
 Evans, Bristol, 1816, 2 vols. r. 8vo. 
 
 " Iu little estimation." LOWNDKS. 
 
 Corry, Joseph. Windward Coast of Africa, 1807, 4to. 
 
 Corse, John. Nat. History : see Phil. Trans., 1799, 
 1800. 
 
 Corser, William. Fast Serm., Lon., 1793, 4to. 
 
 Corwine, Richard M. Digest of Cases in H. C. of 
 E. and A., <fcc. of Mississippi, Cincinnati, 1845, 8vo. 
 
 " The material of this volume seems to have been carefully col 
 lected, and is very well arranged." Marvin's Legal JBibl. 
 
 Cory, E. A. Diseases of Children, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 Cory, Isaac Preston. Ancient Fragments of vari 
 ous writers, 2d ed., Lon., 1832, 8vo. Ancient and M. Phi 
 losophy, 12mo. Inquiries, 12mo; ditto, 12 mo. Accounts, 
 8vo. Official Accounts, 8vo. 
 
 Cory, Thomas. Course and P. of C. C. Pleas, 1672,4to. 
 
 Coryate, or Coryat, George, d. 1606, educated at, 
 and Fellow of, New College, Oxford; Rector of Odcombe, 
 1570 ; Prebendary of York, 1594. Poemata varia Latina, 
 1611, 4to. Descriptio Angliae, Scotise, et Hiberniae. 
 
 " He was a person much commended in bis time for his fine 
 fancy in Latin poetry, and for certain matters which he had writ- 
 ten." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Coryate, or Coryat, Thomas, 1577-1617, son of 
 the preceding, educated at Gloucester Hall, Oxford, was 
 celebrated for his extended pedestrian excursions over a 
 large portion of the Continent. In 1608 he travelled 
 through France, Germany, and Italy, walking 1975 miles, | 
 more than half of which were accomplished in one pair of 
 shoes, which were only once mended, and on his return 
 were hung up in the church of Odcombe. Of this trip he 
 pub. an account in 1611, 4to, under the title of Coryat's 
 Crudities hastily gobled vp in five months' Trauells in 
 France, &c. Bib. Anglo-Poet., 113, 15. Repub. in 1776, 
 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Which book was then usher'd into the world by an Odcombi- 
 ant-Banquet, consisting of near 60 copies of excellent verses made 
 by the poets of that time, (which did very much advantage the 
 sale of the book ;) among them were Ben Jonson, Sir Jo. Harring 
 ton," etc. Athen. Oxon. 
 
 " His book, known by the name of Coriat's Crudities, nauseous 
 to nice readers, for the rawness thereof, is not altogether useless; 
 though the porch be more worth than the palace : I mean, the pre- 
 fece of other men's mock-commending verses thereon." 
 
 This collection of ironical verses presents an amusing 
 specimen of the taste for humour of many of the greatest 
 names of the day. Coryats Crambe, or his Colwort twise 
 sodden, and now serued in with other Macaroni eke dishes, 
 as the second course to his Crudities, 1611, 4to. Bibl. 
 Anglo-Poet., 10 10s. Traveller for the English Wits, 
 1616, 4to. Mr. Thomas Coriat to his Friends in England 
 sendeth greeting from Agra, <fcc., in the Easterne India, 
 Oct. 16, Lon., 1618, 4to. Some of his pieces will be found 
 in Purchas's Pilgrimes. In 1612 this eccentric genius 
 gathered the citizens around him at the cross in Odcombe, 
 delivered a valedictory oration, and left his country for a 
 ten years' ramble. But half the assigned limit had ex 
 pired, when the wanderer was called to depart to that 
 " undiscovered country from whose bourn no traveller re 
 turns." He died at Surat in 1617, after explorations in 
 Greece, Asia, Egypt, and India. Before his roaming pro 
 pensities became so strongly developed, he was in the ser 
 vice of Henry, Prince of Wales, and seems to have filled 
 the honourable post of Court Fool, but it appears that he 
 sometimes displayed more wit than those who had more 
 reputation for wisdom. 
 
 " He carried folly (which the charitable called merriment) in his 
 
 very face. The shape of his head had no promising form, being 
 like a sugar-loaf inverted, with the little end before, as composed 
 of fancy and memory, without any common sense He ac 
 counted those men guilty of superfluity, who had more suits and 
 shirts than bodies, seldom putting off either till they were ready 
 to go away from him. Prince Henry allowed him a pension, and 
 kept him for his servant. Sweet-meats and Coriat made up the 
 last course at all court entertainments. Indeed he was the cour 
 tiers' anvil to try their wits upon : and sometimes this anvil re 
 turned the hammers as hard knocks as it received, his bluntness 
 repaying their abusiveness." Fuller's Worthies. 
 
 "The distinguished characteristic of Coryat's mind seems to 
 have been a passion for travelling, and an irrepressible desire to 
 render his name famous by his peregrinations. ' Of all the plea 
 sures in the world,' says he, ' travel is (in my opinion) the sweetest 
 and most delightful.' " Lon. Retrosp. Rev., 1822, vi. 206. 
 
 " He was a man of a very coveting eye, that could never be sa 
 tisfied with seeing, tho' he had seen very much, and yet he 
 took as much content in seeing, as many others in the enjoying 
 of great and rare things." Athen. Oxon. See also Biog. Brit.; 
 Censura Literaria ; Bibl. Anglo-Poet.; Purchas's Pilgrims. 
 
 We should not omit to mention that the useful thousand 
 miles shoes which Coryat wore in his first travels were al 
 lowed to hang in undisturbed dignity in Odcombe Church 
 for nearly a century. About 1702 they were removed, and 
 where they are now preserved, or whether preserved at all, 
 is more than we can say. We commend the subject to the 
 early attention of the Society of Antiquaries. 
 
 Coryat, [Coriat,] Junior. Another Traveller; or 
 Cursory Remarks and Critical Observations, made upon a 
 Journey through part of the Netherlands, in the latter 
 part of the year 1766, Lon., 1767, 3 vols. 12mo. This is 
 the production of the celebrated Samuel Paterson, the 
 London auctioneer. 
 
 " This book -was an imitation of Sterne, and not of Coriat, whose 
 name Paterson had chosen as a whimsical one." DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 But Paterson pub. a pamphlet entitled An Appeal, <fec., 
 to prove that his work was written before the appearance 
 of Sterne's Sentimental Journey. 
 
 " As travels we are in conscience bound to say, that we cannot 
 reckon them very praiseworthy ; they do not, in fact, contain above 
 half a dozen descriptions. Nor as a series of anecdotes will they 
 stand the test; the number of these not being great, and honest 
 Paterson not being the very best narrator of a story we have met 
 with." Lon. Retrosp. Rev., 1825, xii. 290, q. v. For an account of 
 Sam. Paterson, see the above, and Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. 
 
 Corye, John. The Generous Enemies, or the Ridi 
 culous Lovers, a Comedy, Lon., 1672, 4to. 
 
 " A compilement or rather plagiarism from other authors." 
 LOWNDES. 
 
 Corymbaeus, . e. Richard Brathwait. 
 
 Coryton, John. A Treatise on the Law of Letters 
 Patent for the sole use of Inventions in the United King 
 dom of Great Britain and Ireland, including the practice 
 connected with the Grant; to which is added a Summary 
 of the Patent Laws in force in the principal foreign States ; 
 with an appendix of Statutes, Rules, Practical Forms, <fcc., 
 Lon., 1855, 8vo ; Amer. ed., with notes referring to Amer. 
 Cases, Phila., 1855, 8vo. 
 
 Cosbie, Arnold. Ultimum Vale to the Vaine World, 
 an Elegie written by himself in the Marshalsea, after his 
 condemnation for murthering Lord Brooke, 1591, 4to. 
 
 Cosens, John, D.D. The Economy of Beauty; in a 
 Series of Fables addressed to the Ladies, 1777, 4to. Serms., 
 Lon., 1793, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " The style of these sermons is vigorous, animated, and well 
 suited to popular discourses." Lon. MontMy Review. 
 
 " They tend to promote the cause of piety and virtue, and may 
 be read with considerable pleasure and edification." Brit. Critic. 
 
 Cosh, William. The Cause of the Cooper, Lon., 
 1765, 4to. 
 
 Cosin, James. Names of Roman Catholics, Nonju- 
 rors, and others who refused to take, the Oath in George 
 the First's time, Lon., 1745, 8vo. 
 
 Cosin, or Cozen, John, D.D., 1594-1672, a native 
 of Norwich, educated at, and Fellow of, Caius College, 
 Cambridge, Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1638 ; Dean 
 of Peterborough, 1640. In the time of the Commonwealth 
 he was deprived of his ecclesiastical preferments, and re 
 tired to Paris, where he exercised his ministerial functions 
 greatly to the advantage of the Protestant cause. 
 
 " Yea, whilst he remained in France, he was the Atlas of the Pro 
 testant religion, supporting the same with his piety and learning, 
 confirming the wavering therein, yea, adding daily proselytes (not 
 of the meanest rank) thereunto." Fuller's Worthies. 
 
 At the Restoration he returned, and within the year was 
 raised to the Bishopric of Durham. A Collection of Pri 
 vate Devotions in the Practice of the Ancient Churches, 
 called the House of Prayer, Lon., 1627, 8vo. This manual, 
 said to have been compiled at the request of Charles I., or 
 of the Countess of Denbigh, was a chief cause of the trou 
 bles which befell the worthy doctor. The frontispiece a 
 cross, angels, <fcc. especially, aroused the ire of Prynne 
 
COS 
 
 COT 
 
 and Burton. The Puritans styled the collection a book of 
 Cozening Devotions. A Scholastical History of the Canon 
 of Holy Scriptures, Lon., 1657, 4to, 1672, '83; new edit., 
 1849, vide post. 
 
 "This work contains a pretty satisfactory induction of the evi 
 dence for the authenticity of the Scriptures ; and of the different 
 degrees of authority or respect which the church has attached to 
 the apocryphal books. It has long been completely superseded by 
 the more extensive and accurate works of Jones, Lardner, and 
 Michaelis; but is still deserving of respect for the service which it 
 rendered at the time." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Historia Transubstant. Papalis, 1675, Svo; in English, 
 1676, 8vo ; new edit., revised with a Memoir of the author, 
 by Rev. J. S. Brewer, Lon., 1840, 12mo. 
 
 " A most substantial treatise against transubstantiation." DR. 
 JOHN DUREL. 
 
 Notes on the Book of Common Prayer, 1710, fol. Dr. 
 C. pub. some other treatises. An edit, of his works, now 
 first collected, was pub. in Oxford, 1843-45, 5 vols. Svo; 
 Lib. of Anglo-Cath. Theology. A letter of Dr. C.'s upon 
 the Validity of the orders of the Foreign Reformed Churches, 
 will be found in Two Treatises on the Church, edited by 
 Rev. Win. Goode, Lon., 1843, 8vo. 
 
 "One whose abilities, quick apprehension, solid judgment, va 
 riety of reading, &c. are sufficiently made known to the world in 
 his learned books, whereby he hath perpetuated his name to pos 
 terity. I must not pass over his constancy in his religion, which 
 rendered him amiable in the eyes not of good men only, but of 
 that of God, with whom there is no variableness* nor shadow of 
 changing. It must be confessed that a sort of fond people surmised 
 as if he had once been declining to the popish persuasion. Thus 
 the dim-sighted complain of the darkness of the room, when, alas, 
 the iault is in their own eyes ; and the lame, of the unevenness of 
 the floor, when indeed it lieth in their unsound legs." Fuller's 
 Worthies. 
 
 Cosin, Richard, LL.D., Dean of the Arches, also 
 Chancellor of the diocese of Worcester from 1579 until 
 1598. An Answer to a Libel entitled An Abstract of Cer 
 tain Acts of Parliament, Lon., 1584, 4to. Conspiracie for 
 pretended Reformation, viz.: Preshyterial Discipline by 
 Hacket, Coppinger, and Arthington, 1592, 4to. Apologie 
 for sundrie Proceedings by Jurisdiction Ecclesiasticall, 
 1593, 4to. Commended as " a learned and excellent work." 
 There was an earlier edit, in two parts, only 40 copies 
 printed. Carmina, <fcc., 1598, 4to. Ecclesise Anglicanse 
 Politeia in Tabulas digesta, Lon., 1604, fol.; Oxf., 1634, 
 fol. ; with preface by Allane, 1684, fol. Regni Anglige sub 
 imperio Reginae Elizabethae Religio et Gubernatio Eccle- 
 siastica, aucta et emendata, cura Joannis Cosini. Gul. 
 Wechet, Editore, Lon., 1729, 4to. 
 
 " He was a general scholar, geometrician, musician, physician, 
 divine, but chiefly civil and canon lawyer. ... His last words 
 were these, ' Farewell, my surviving friends; remember your mor 
 tality and eternal life.' "Fuller's Worthies. 
 
 Cossham, J. N. Interest Time Tables, 1813, 12mo. 
 
 Costa, Emanuel M. Da. See DA COSTA. 
 
 Costard, George, 1710-1782, Fellow and Tutor of 
 Wadham College, Vicar of Twickenham, 1764. Mr. C. 
 was versed in astronomy, and famous for his Oriental learn 
 ing, and thereby acquired the title of Rabbi Costard. Ob 
 servations on some Psalms, 8vo. Use of Astronomy, 1764, 
 4to. Hist, of Astronomy, 1767, 4to. A second edit, of Hyde's 
 Historia Religionis Veterum Persarum eorumque Magorum, 
 1760, 4to. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1745, '51, '53, '54, '77. 
 
 Observations on the Book of Job, 1747, 8vo. 
 
 " Ingenious, but not all correct. He was of opinion that it was 
 not older than the time of the Babylonish captivity; and consi 
 dered it a piece of exalted and regular Eastern poetry, of the dra 
 matic kind." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Other publications. See Biog. Brit; Bibl. Brit; Ni 
 chols's Literary Anecdotes. 
 
 Coste, Peter. Trans, of Montaigne's Essays, 1759, 
 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " An immense treasure-house of observation, anticipating all 
 the discoveries of succeeding essayists ; you cannot open him with 
 out detecting a Spectator, or Rambler." LEIGH HUNT. 
 
 Very extravagant, this, Mr. Leigh Hunt ! 
 
 Costeker. The Fine Gentleman ; or, The Education 
 of a Young Nobleman, Lon., 1732, 8vo. 
 
 Cpstello, Mrs. The Soldier's Orphan; a Tale, 1809, 
 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " Some novels have no character at all, and this is one of them. 
 It is neither remarkably dull, nor particularly lively ; neither per 
 fectly uninteresting, nor peculiarly pleasing; in short, neither 
 commendable nor reprehensible." ion. Monthly Review, 1809. 
 
 Costello, Dudley. A Tour through the Valley of 
 the Mouse, Lon., 1845, p. 8vo. 
 
 Costello, Col. Edward. Adventures of a Soldier, 
 Lon., 1841, p. 8vo. 
 
 "This highly interesting volume is filled with details and anec 
 dotes of the most sterling character, and well deserves a place in 
 the library of every regiment in the service." Naval and Militani 
 Gazette. 
 
 Costol lo, Louisa Stuart, one of the most voluminous 
 432 
 
 and most popular writers of the day. Specimens of the 
 Early Poetry of France, Lon., 1835, 8vo. 
 
 "We warmly recommend Miss Costello's very elegant little work." 
 Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 Summer amongst the Bocages and Vines,1840, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "These volumes are written with true gusto: they sparkle over 
 with sketches of romantic scenery, outlines of antique places, his 
 torical legends, local traditions, &c." Lon. Atlas. 
 
 " Most agreeable volumes." Lon. Quar. Review. 
 
 The Queen Mother, a Romance, 3 vols. p. 8vo. A Pil 
 grimage to Auvergne, 1842, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Two more delightful volumes have not proceeded from the pen 
 of the tourist." John Bull. 
 
 Memoirs of Eminent Englishwomen, 1844, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 The reader will here find 37 biographies. 
 
 The Rose Garden of Persia; trans, from the Persian 
 Poets, 1845, 8vo. 
 
 " She has by this remarkable volume of specimens at once won 
 her way into the foremost rank of modern poets." Lon. M. Chron. 
 
 The Falls, Lakes, and Mountains of N. Wales, 1845, 8vo. 
 
 " It is gratifying to find that she has brought her exquisite sense 
 of the picturesque, and vivid appreciation of local historical asso 
 ciation, always simple and unpretending in their enunciation, to 
 bear upon a portion of Great Britain." Ainsworth's Magazine. 
 
 A Tour to and from Venice, 1846, 8vo. 
 
 " A pleasanter book for travellers bound to the north of Italy it 
 would be difficult to find." Oxford and Cambridge Review. 
 
 Jacques Coeur, the French Argonaut, and His Times, 
 1847, 8vo. Miss C. has also pub. Beam and the Pyrenees, 
 1844, 2 vols. 8vo ; Catherine de Medicis, 1848, p. 12mo, and 
 p. 8vo; Clara Fane, 1848, 3 vols. p. 8vo; Gabrielle, 1843, 
 3 vols. p. 8vo ; and Songs of a Stranger, Svo. We express 
 the wish of many, when we record the desire that Miss 
 Costello may long continue to delight and instruct a public 
 whom she has made so familiar with her merits. 
 
 Coster, Robert. A Mite cast into the common Trea 
 sury, 1649, 4to. 
 
 Costigan, Capt. A. W. Sketches of Society and 
 Manners in Portugal, Lon., 1788, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " Very good pictures of Portuguese life and manners, though, in 
 many instances, the portraiture seems considerably over-charged 
 the outline caricatured and the colouring too much heightened " 
 Lon. Monthly Rev., 1789. 
 
 Costill, O. H. Practical Treatise on Poisons, their 
 Symptoms, Antidotes, and Mode of Treatment,Phila.,18mo. 
 
 Cosway, Mrs. Mary, d. 1804, a miniature painter of 
 great reputation, projected and partially prepared a collec 
 tion of copies of paintings in the Musee Francaise, accom 
 panied with historical notices. In consequence of the loss 
 of a child, she abandoned her design, and retired to a nun 
 nery near Lyons. See Woman's Record. 
 
 Cotes. Sketches of Truth, 1803, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Cotes, Charles. Oratio, &c., Harveiana, 1746, 4to. 
 
 Cotes, Digby. See COATES. 
 
 Cotes, Henry. Serms., 1805, '13; ditto, from Beau- 
 sobre, 1822, Svo. 
 
 " A paraphrase, rather than a translation." Preface. 
 
 Cotes, J. Surveyor's Guide, 1806, Svo. 
 
 Cotes, Roger, 1682-1716, an eminent mathematician 
 and astronomer, a native of Burbage, Leicestershire, was 
 educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, Fellow, 1705 ; Plu- 
 mian Prof, of Astronomy, 1706. In 1713 he took orders, 
 and in the same year, at the desire of Dr. Bentley, he pub. 
 at Cambridge the second edit of Sir Isaac Newton's Ma- 
 thematica Principia, &c., with the author's improvements, 
 and a preface of his own, which has been greatly admired. 
 A number of his works were pub. after his death. Har- 
 monia Mensurarum, pub. by Dr. Smith, 1722, Camb., 4to. 
 Opera Miscellanea, Camb., 1722, 4to. Theoremata, <fec., 
 Camb., 1722, 4to. Extracts from his Lectures, 4to. Com 
 pendium of Arithmetic; in English, pub. by Dr. Smith, 
 1737, 8vo. Account of a great Meteor which appeared in 
 1715, Phil. Trans., 1720. Hydros, and Pneumat Lectures, 
 pub. with notes by Dr. Smith, 1738, Svo. Cotes was emi 
 nently versed in mathematics, metaphysics, philosophy, 
 and divinity. Those not conversant with the scientific his 
 tory of the period would consider us extravagant in rank 
 ing Cotes as the equal of any philosopher whom England 
 has hitherto produced. That Sir Isaac Newton considered 
 himself as inferior to the editor of his Principia, we have 
 good reason to believe. We must not, however, forget to 
 make proper allowance for the remarkable humility of this 
 wonderful genius: a humility to which we find a striking 
 counterpart in the character of a celebrated personage, 
 equally distinguished, though in a far different sphere, 
 the illustrious Edmund Burke. The great Dr. Bentley 
 
 " Never mentioned Cotes but with the highest regret, [he died at 
 the age of 35 :] he had formed the highest expectations of new 
 lights and discoveries in Philosophy from the penetrating force of 
 his extraordinary genius ; and on the tablet devoted to his memory 
 in the chapel of Trinity College, has recorded his sorrows, and those 
 
COT 
 
 COT 
 
 of the whole learned world, in the following beautiful and pathetic 
 epitaph : 
 
 H. S. E. 
 
 Rogerus Robertis films Cotes, 
 
 Collegii hujus S. Trinitatis Socius, 
 
 Astronomise et Experimentalis Philosophise : 
 
 Professor Pluinianus. 
 
 Qui 
 
 immaturS, morte praereptus, 
 panca quidem ingenii sui pignora reliquit, 
 
 sed egregia, sed admiranda, 
 
 ex inaccessis Matheseos penetralibus 
 
 felici solertia cum primum ertua. 
 
 Post magnum ilium Newtonum 
 
 Societatis hujus spes a Item 
 
 et decus gemellum 
 Cui ad summam doctrime laudem." 
 
 See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, li. 128. 
 Sir Isaac Newton mourned the loss of a great philosopher 
 in Cotes, and would exclaim when referring to his early 
 death " If Cotes had lived, we had known something." 
 
 Cotes, William. Short Questions betwene the Father 
 and the Sonne, Lon., 1585, 8vo. 
 
 Cotgrave, John. The English Treasury of Wit and 
 Language, collected out of the best Dramatick Poems; 
 methodically digested into common places for generall use, 
 Lon., 1665, 8vo. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 168, 3 3s. 
 
 " Thou mayst not reasonably expect the abstracted Quintessence 
 of betwixt three and foure hundred Poems in this small com passe, 
 (which yet may be large enough for an essay,) for I find that an ab 
 solute impossibility. But I can assure thee, that what is herein 
 couched, is a great part of the best, and generally taken out of the 
 best." Address to the Reader. 
 
 Wit's Interpreter, or the English Parnassus, 1655, 8vo. 
 
 Cotgrave, Randle. French and English Dictionary, 
 with another by R. Sherwood; edit, by J. Howell, Lon., 
 1673, fol. To those who read the old French writers, or 
 wish to compare the changes in language, this is a valuable 
 book. 
 
 "It is a rich storehouse of old French, and English also." 
 TODD. 
 
 Cotman, John Sell, 1780-1843, b. at Norwich. Archi 
 tectural Antiquities of Normandy, Lon., 1820, '21, with Hist, 
 and Descrip. Notices by Dawson Turner, super-roy. fol. 
 
 " A highly valuable and faithful delineation of hitherto inedited 
 monuments." Lon. Quar. Review. 
 
 Miscellaneous Etchings, super-roy. fol., 1812. Architect. 
 Antiq. of Norfolk, 1812-17, imp. fol. Sepulchral Brasses 
 in Norfolk, 1819, roy. 4to; new edit., greatly enlarged, 2 
 vols. imp. 4to. 
 
 " A work highly interesting to the Antiquary and the man of 
 taste, as throwing much light on the early history of this country ; 
 and bearing an equal degree of artistical merit with the ' Antiquities 
 of Norfolk' by the same artist." General Hist, of Norfolk. 
 
 " Cotman's work on Sepulchral Brasses is by far the most im 
 portant publication on the subject." DAWSON TURNER. 
 
 Liber Studiorum, 1838, imp. fol. Illustrations of Dr. 
 Dibdin's Bibliographical Tour in France and Normandy, 
 by J. S. C. and Mrs. D. Turner, imp. 8vo. Architect, and 
 Picturesque Remains in various Counties of England, but 
 chiefly in Norfolk. With descriptions by Thomas Rick- 
 man. Other publications of a similar character. See H. 
 G. Bonn's Cat,, 1841. 
 
 " His Etchings have all the richness and vigour of the best artists 
 of the old School, and are highly prized by all who are capable of 
 appreciating them." Lon. Quar. Review. 
 
 Cotta, John. Medicine and Witchcraft, 1612-25. 
 
 Cotter, George Sackville. Poems, Cork, 1790, 8vo. 
 
 Cotter, John R. Gospels of Matt, and Mark, para 
 phrased, Lon., 2d ed., 1840, 12mo. Treatises, Ac. for the 
 Times, Lon., 1849, 12mo. Mass and Rubrics of the R. C. 
 Church, trans, into English, 1845, 12mo. 
 . " A very exact version in our own language." 
 
 Cotterel, Sir Charles, Master of the Requests to 
 Charles II. Cassandra, trans, from the French of La Cal- 
 prene'de, Lon., 1735, 5 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " The most famous of the Heroical Romances, from which Rous 
 seau (a great reader of them) has taken some of the affecting inci 
 dents in the New Heloise." DCNLOP. 
 
 Historic of the Civill Warres of France, trans, from the 
 Italian of Davila, by C. C. and Wm. Aylesbury, 1647, fol. : 
 2d ed., 1678, fol. 
 
 " A noble historian, equal to Livy." LORD BOTJNGBROKE. 
 
 The History of the Civil Wars from 1559 to 1598 displays pro 
 found knowledge of times, characters, intrigues, &c." SISMONDI. 
 
 Cotterill, T. Speech before the Bible Society, 1813, 
 8vo. 
 
 Cottesford, S. Against Traitors, 1591. Serm., 1622. 
 
 Cottingham, John. Serms., Ac., 1784-1807. 
 
 Cottingham, L. IV. Architectural works, 1822-24. 
 
 Cottle, Amos Simon, d. 1800, was educated at Mag 
 dalen College, Cambridge. Icelandic Poetry, or the Edda j 
 of Shemend, trans, into English Verse, Lon., 1797, Svo. i 
 Other poetical compositions. Both Amos and Joseph Cot- i 
 23 
 
 tie were roughly handled by a very foolish young man, 
 smarting under a deserved rebuke : 
 
 " Oh ! AMOS COTTLE, Phoebus ! what a name 
 To fill the speaking trump of future fame! 
 Oh ! AMOS COTTLB ! for a moment think 
 What meagre profits spread from pen and ink!" 
 
 Byron's Eng. Bards and S. Reviewers. 
 
 Yet Amos was a favourite with the terrible Monthly Re 
 viewers : 
 
 " His Icelandic, like his other poetry, is versified often with vi 
 gour, and always with neatness, with grace, and with euphony. 
 Of Mr. Cottle's poetical talents we have repeatedly spoken with 
 approbation." Monthly Review, 1798, 381. 
 
 Cottle, John. New Version of the Psalms, Lon., 
 1802, 12mo. The author states that he has omitted, trans 
 posed, and paraphrased, as the occasion seemed to require. 
 
 Cottle, Joseph, d. 1853, in his 84th year. Poems, 
 1795, 12mo. Malvern Hills, a Poem, 1798, 4to. John the 
 Baptist, a Poem, 1801, Svo. Alfred, an Epic Poem, 1801, 
 4to; 1804, 2 vols. 12mo, and 1816. Selection of Poems for 
 Young Persons, 1805, '15, 12mo. The Fall of Cambria, a 
 Poem, 1809, '11, 2 vols. Svo. Other publications. Early 
 Recollections of Coleridge, 1837, 2 vols. 8vo. Mr. C. was 
 in early life a bookseller, but relinquished that business in 
 1798, shortly after publishing the Lyrical Ballads of Cole 
 ridge. He pub. in 1796 Coleridge's first vol. of Poems. 
 See Coleridge's Letter to him in Gent. Mag., Aug. 1853. 
 "Boeotian Cottle, rich Bristowa's boast, 
 Imports old stories from the Cambrian Coast, 
 And sonds Mis goods to market all alive! 
 Lines forty thousand, Cantos twenty-five." 
 
 Byron's Eng. Bards and S. Reviewers. 
 
 Well had it been for Byron had he been as good a man 
 as " Boeotian Cottle." He may have been a bad poet, but 
 he was that rarer character a good friend. To both 
 Coleridge and Southey he extended the hand of kindness, 
 when kindness was the most needed : 
 
 " If my poems should ever acquire a name and character, it 
 might be said the world owed them to you. Had it not been for 
 you, none perhaps of them would have been published, and some 
 not written. Your obliged and ever affectionate friend, 
 
 S. T. COLERIDGE -."Letter to Cottle, April 15, 1798. 
 
 " Do you suppose, Cottle, that I have forgotten those true and 
 most essential acts of friendship which you showed me when I 
 stood most in need of them ? Your house was my house when I 
 had no other. . . . Sure I am, there never was a more generous or 
 a kinder heart than yours; and you will believe me when I add 
 that there does not live that man upon earth whom I remember 
 with more gratitude and affection. . . . Good night ! my dear old 
 friend and benefactor." ROBERT SOUTHEY -."Letter to Cottle., AprilX). 
 1808. 
 
 Commend us to that noble-hearted man who in the day 
 of his prosperity is not ashamed to acknowledge the bene 
 factions received in the dark hours 
 
 " When friends were few and fortune frowned!" 
 
 In the letter quoted above, (the reader must devour the 
 whole of it; see Southey's Life and Correspondence,) 
 Southey, to his lasting honour, tells his friend, 
 
 " You are in the habit of preserving your letters, and if you 
 were not, I would entreat you to preserve this, that it might be 
 seen hereafter." 
 
 The reader will now understand that our transcriptions 
 have been made from a sense of duty (accompanied with 
 much pleasure) to both writer and recipient. 
 
 In the same generous spirit he writes to John May : 
 
 " You ought to become acquainted with my old friend Joseph 
 Cottle, the best-hearted of men. . . . Become acquainted with one 
 who has a larger portion of original goodness than falls to the lot 
 of most men." Sept. 15, 1827. 
 
 " Cottle published my Joan of Arc in 1796, and there are very 
 few who entertain a warmer regard for me than he has done from 
 that time." Letter to Charles Swain, Oct. 27, 1836. 
 
 We trust we have no reader who will complain of the 
 length of this article, consecrated to two of the noblest 
 feelings of the human breast to Friendship and Grati 
 tude! 
 
 " If such there breathe, go mark him well, 
 For him no Minstrel raptures swell." 
 
 Cotton, Bartholomew de, Monk of Norwich. An- 
 nales Ecclesiae Norwicensis, 1042-1295, et Historia de 
 Episcopis Norw., ad an. 1299. Accedunt continuatio his- 
 toriae ad an. 1446, et successio Episcoporum et priorum 
 Vide Wharton, Anglia Sacra, 1691. 
 
 Cotton, Charles, 1630-1687, educated at Cambridge, 
 obtained considerable celebrity as a humorous poet and 
 translator. See a list of his publications in Watt's Bibl. 
 Brit. We notice a few : Devaix's Philos. of the Stoics, 
 1664. A Voyage to Ireland. Virgil Travestie, 1664-67, 
 and '92, 3 vols. Svo. Some of Lucian's Dialogues in Eng 
 lish Fustian, 1675, Svo. 
 
 ^" Nothing can be more vulgar, disgusting, or licentious, than 
 his parodies on Virgil and Lucian. That they should have been 
 so often reprinted, marks the slow progress of the refinement of 
 public taste during the greater part of the eighteenth century." 
 
COT 
 
 COT 
 
 The Wonders of the Peake, 1681, Svo. Genuine Works, 
 1715, Svo. Trans, of Montaigne's Essays, 1759, 3 vols. 
 Svo. Poems, 1689, Svo. Poetical Works, 1765, 12mo; 
 6th ed., 1771, 12mo. 
 
 Cotton is best known by his addition to his adopted 
 father's (Izaak Walton) Complete Angler. This treatise 
 How to angle for a Trout or Grayling in a clear stream 
 was written in ten days. It is often found bound up in 
 the 3d and 4th edits, of the Complete Angler, and was re 
 printed with every subsequent edit. See an account of 
 their Fish House, Ac. on the river Dove, in Biog. Brit. 
 
 "It is of stone, and the room on the inside a cube of about 
 fifteen feet: it is paved with black and white marble. ... In th 
 farther corner, on the left, is a fire-place, with a chimney; and on 
 the right, a large beaufet with folding-doors, wherein are the por 
 traits of Mr. Cotton, with a boy-servant, and Walton, in the dress 
 of the time : underneath is a cupboard, on the door whereof the 
 figures of a trout, and also of a grayling, are well pourtrayed. . . . 
 Over the door the initial letters of his own name and Isaac Wal 
 ton's were placed together in a cypher." Note to the Compl. Angler, 
 21st edit, 1784. 
 
 Cotton, Clement. Mirror of Mnrtyrs, Lon., 1631, 
 Svo. Convert's Catechism, 1616, Svo. Concordance to the 
 Bible, 1631, '33, fol.; enlarged, Ac. by Samuel Newman, 
 1643. Way of Life, 1641, 4to. 
 
 Cotton, Edward. Loadstone; Phil. Trans., 1667. 
 
 Cotton, G. E. L., D.D., Lord-Bishop of Calcutta 
 and Metropolitan of India. 1. Doctrine and Practice of 
 Christianity; 3d ed., Lon., 1853, ISmo. 2. Short Prayers 
 for Public Schools ; 5th ed., 1854, 18mo. 3. Seven Serms., 
 1S55, fp. Svo. 4. Serms., 1S58, cr. Svo. 
 
 Cotton, Henry, D.C.L., Archdeacon of Cashel. List of 
 Edits, of the Bible and Parts thereof in English, 1505-1820, 
 fcc., Lon.,1821, Svo ; 2d ed., enlarged,1852,8vo. See LEWIS, J. 
 
 " Evidently the result of deep research, and drawn up with great 
 care." Hornets Introduction. 
 
 " Tory complete. . . . The most valuable part is the Appendix, 
 in which Mr. Cotton gives specimens of all the early translations 
 of the Scriptures into English; besides accurate descriptions of the 
 several scarce editions. The author has availed himself of the 
 previous labours of Lewis, Ducarel, (or rather Tutet,) and Gifford, j 
 Crutwell, and Newcome." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " This and Lewis's Hist, of Eng. Trans, give the fullest accounts 
 rf the points on which they treat." Biclcerstfth' s Christian Student. 
 
 The Typographical Gazetteer, Oxf., 1825, Svo ; 2d ed., 
 enlarged, 1831. Mem. of a French trans, of the N. Testa 
 ment, Lon., 1827, Svo. 
 
 " Dr. Kidder's pamphlet having become extremely rare, Dr. Cot 
 ton has rendered a valuable service to the Protestant cause by re 
 printing it, with some corrective notes; and he has prefixed an 
 interesting bibliographical memoir on the Bordeaux New Testa 
 ment." Home's Introduction. 
 
 The Five Books of Maccabees in English, with Notes and 
 Illustrations, Oxf., 1832, Svo. 
 
 "Dr. Cotton has for tbo first time given an English translation 
 of what are called the fourth and fifth books; and he successfully 
 adapted the style and language of his version to those of the pre 
 ceding books, as closely as was consistent with a careful adherence 
 to the original." Ibid. 
 
 A Short Explan. of Obsolete Words in our Version of the 
 Bible, &c., Oxf., 1S32, 12mo. Fasti Ecclesiee Hibernicge : The 
 Succession of the Prelates and Members of the Cathedral 
 Bodies in Ireland, Dubl., 1845-50, 4 vols. Svo. Rhemes and 
 Doway : An Attempt to Shew what has been done by R. 
 Catholics for the Diffusion of the Holy Scriptures in Eng 
 lish, Oxf., 1855, Svo. 
 
 "A most valuable contribution to Biblical bibliography." T. H. 
 HORNE, D.D., in a letter to the author of this Dictionary, Atifj. 31, 1858. 
 
 Cotton, J. D. Lachrymse Elegiacse, &c., 1765, 4to. 
 
 Cotton, John, 1585-1652, a native of Derby, Eng 
 land, educated at Trinity and Emanuel College, Cambridge, 
 became in his 28th year minister of Boston in Lincoln 
 shire. Having adopted the principles of the Puritans, he 
 emigrated to Boston, Mass., and spent the rest of his days 
 in America. He was eminent for profound learning and 
 devoted piety. He pub. many theological works, the most 
 celebrated of which were in defence of the interference of 
 the civil power in support of the truth. In this position 
 he found a powerful antagonist in Roger Williams. Cot 
 ton s Letter concerning the power of the Magistrate in 
 matters of Religion was answered by W. in 1644, in The 
 Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the cause of conscience. 
 This elicited Cotton's Bloody Tenet washed and made 
 
 r*8 m J he ?^ od f the Lamb > 164 ?- Williams rejoined 
 in The Bloody Tenet yet more bloody by Mr. Cotton's en 
 deavour to wash it white in the Blood of the Lamb, 1652. 
 A Discourse about Civil Government in a New Plantation 
 Ac., was pub. in Camb., 1663, sm. 4to, under Cotton's name 
 but it was really the production of John Davenport of 
 New Haven Colony. This book is so rare, that a copy in 
 sheets sold in New York in 1847 for $14 50. Cotton's 
 youngest daughter married Increase Mather. See Mather's 
 
 Magnalia; Norton and Mather's Life of Cotton; Neal's 
 N. E.; Hutchinson; Winthrop; Mass. Hist. Coll.; Allen's 
 Amer. Biog. Diet. 
 
 Cotton, John, 1640-1699, minister at Plymouth, 
 Mass., son of the preceding, revised and corrected Eliot's 
 Indian Bible, printed at Cambridge in 1685. 
 
 Cotton, John, d. 1757, in the 64th year of his age, 
 minister of Newton, Mass., great-grandson of the first- 
 named John Cotton. Serms., 1728, '29, '34, '39, '53. 
 
 Cotton, John, d. 1789, aged 77, first minister of 
 Halifax, Mass., great-grandson of the first-named John 
 Cotton. Two Serms., 1757. Baptism. Hist, of Plymouth 
 Church. 
 
 Cotton, Jo si ah, 1680-1756, father of the preceding, 
 compiled and left in MS. a copious English and Indian 
 Vocabulary. He had four sons who were ministers. 
 
 Cotton, Nathaniel, 1707-1788, an English physi 
 cian and poet, was noted for his skill in the treatment of 
 insanity, and had a private establishment for lunatics. 
 Obs. on Scarlet Fever, Lon., 1749, Svo. Visions in Verse, 
 1751, '64. Works in Prose and Verse, 1791, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 Marriage, a Vision ; being an addit. to J. Macgowen on 
 Marriage, 1811, Svo. 
 
 "'He is truly a philosopher, according to my judgment of the 
 character, every tittle of his knowledge in natural subjects being 
 connected in his mind with the firm belief in an omnipotent agent." 
 COWPER; who had been Dr. C.'s patient. 
 
 Cotton, R. P., M.D. On Consumption : its Nature, 
 Symptoms, and Treatment. To which Essay was awarded 
 the Fothergillian Gold Medal of the Medical Society of 
 London, Lon., 1852, Svo. 
 
 " Notwithstanding the hackneyed nature of the subject, and 
 the multitude of works which have appeared upon phthisis, the 
 present work is of very considerable interest, from the clear and 
 simple manner in which it is arranged, and from the use made by 
 the author of the ample materials placed at his disposal at the 
 Brompton Hospital." Medical Times. 
 
 Phthisis and the Stethoscope : a concise Practical Guide 
 to the Physical Diagnosis of Consumption, 1851, fp. Svo. 
 
 Cotton, Richard Lynch, D.D. Provost of Wor 
 cester College, Oxford, formerly Vicar of Denchworth. 
 The Way of Salvation, a series of Serms., Oxf., 1837, Svo. 
 
 Cotton, Sir Robert Bruce, 1570-1631, an emi 
 nent antiquary, a native of Denton, Huntingdonshire, but 
 a descendant of Robert Bruce, was educated at Trinity 
 College, Cambridge. He was created a knight upon the 
 accession of James I., and was highly esteemed by the 
 king and principal statesmen, who often solicited his ad 
 vice. In 1629 he was arrested and confined in the Tower, 
 in consequence of a manuscript, which proposed a plan by 
 which the king could enslave his subjects, being traced to 
 his library. It was the production of Sir Robert Dudley, 
 and Sir Robert Cotton seems to have been unconscious even 
 of its possession. Upon his innocence being made ap 
 parent, he was released, and his liberty restored to him. 
 This was a severe blow to the excellent man, and he never 
 regained his strength of body or cheerfulness of mind. 
 
 " When I went several times to visit and comfort him in the year 
 1630, he would tell me ' they had broken his heart that had locked 
 up his library from him.' He was so outworn, within a few months, 
 with anguish and grief, as his face, which had been formerly ruddy 
 and well coloured, (such as the picture I have of him shows,) was 
 wholly changed into a grim blackish paleness, near to the resem 
 blance and hue of a dead visage." SIR STMONDS D'EWES. 
 
 He died of a fever at Westminster in the next year. 
 His noble library, the fruit of many years' collections, re 
 ceived augmentations from his son and grandson, and was 
 deposited in the British Museum in 1753. It had suffered 
 severely from a fire in 1731. Its inestimable value is too 
 well known to require any enlargement upon the subject. 
 Sir Robert wrote many historical, antiquarian, and poli 
 tical treatises. For a particular account of them, see re 
 ferences below. We notice a few : Life and Raigne of 
 Henry III. of England, 1627, 4to. A Treatise against 
 Recusants, in Defence of the Oath of Allegiance, 1641, 4to. 
 Warrs with Foreign Princes dangerous to our Common 
 wealth, 1657, Svo. Abridgt. of the Records (Rolls of Par 
 liament) in the Tower, with addits. by Wm. Prynne, 1657, 
 2 vols. fol. Narrative of Count Gondomar's Transactions 
 during his Embassy to England, 1659, 4to. The King's 
 Revenue. Discourse of Foreign War, 1690, Svo. Many 
 of his Pieces will be found in Hearne's Discourses, and 
 also in Cottoni Posthuma: Divers choice Pieces of that 
 renowned Antiquary, Sir Robert Cotton, by J. (ames) 
 H. (owell,) Lon., 1651, '72, '79, Svo. Also refer to Biog. 
 Brit. ; Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Lowndes's Bibl. Manual ; Pref. 
 to Planta's Cottonian Cat, 1S02, fol.; Life prefixed to Dr. 
 Smith's Cat., 1696; Nichols's Leicestershire; Hist, of 
 Hinckley; Life of Bowyer; Bridgman's Legal Bibl.; Gent. 
 Mag., 1767; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ; Cunningham's Biog. 
 
COT 
 
 COU 
 
 Hist. ; Dibdin's Bibliomania. For a recent description of 
 the Cottonian Library, see the excellent Hand Bonk to t,h 
 library of tho Brit. Museum, by .Richard Sims, Lon., 1854, 
 18mo. It may be said without 
 
 " Exaggeration, that the writers upon the history and antiquities 
 of Great Britain and Ireland have been more indebted to the in 
 exhaustible treasures of the Cottonian Library than to all other 
 eources together." 
 
 There can be no question that Sir Robert Cotton is en 
 titled to a place in the first rank of England's learned an 
 tiquaries ; a noble army, truly ! 
 
 " The name of Sir Robert Cotton must always be mentioned 
 with honour; his memory cannot fail of exciting the warmest 
 sentiments of gratitude while the smallest regard for learning sub 
 sists among us." DR. SAMOEL JOHNSON. 
 
 See Gale's eloquent tribute " quisquis bona fide Histo- 
 riam nostram," <fcc. in Rer. Anglia Script. Vet. i. pnef. 3. 
 
 Cotton, Roger. Direction to the Waters of Lyfe, 
 Lon., 1590, 4to. Treatise, 4to. Armour of Proofe brought 
 from the Tower of David to fight against the Spannyardes 
 and all Enimies of the Trueth, 1596, 4to. Spirituall Songs, 
 1596, 4to. 
 
 Cotton, W. C. My Bee Book, Lon., 1842, p. 8vo. 
 
 " One of the most elegant volumes that ever graced a library- 
 table. . . The perfection of a scrap-book for the gentleman or lady 
 bee-keeper." Lon, Quar. Review. 
 
 Two Letters to Cottagers on Bees : 1. On Bee Manage 
 ment. 2. On the Natural Theology of Bees, 1843, 12mo. 
 Short and Simple Letters to Cottagers, 1844, 12mo. 
 
 Cottrell, C. H. Don Carlos, a Dramatic Poem, Lon., 
 8vo; 2ded.,1844. Recollections of Siberia in 1840/41, 1843, 
 8vo. Relig. Move, of Germany, 1849, 8vo. Trans, of C. J. 
 Bunsen's Egypt's Place in Universal History, 1848, '53, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " The fullest and most exact work that has hitherto appeared on 
 the interpretation of hieroglyphical inscription." Church of Emg. 
 Quar. Review. 
 
 " The learned author is one of the most erudite and accom 
 plished expositors of ancient Egyptian learning." Lon. Critic. 
 
 The Chevalier is also favourably known as a learned 
 writer by his Constitution of the Church of the Future ; 
 trans., 1847, p. 8vo. Memoirs of the Duchies of Schleswig 
 and Holstein, 1848, p. 8vo. Hippolytus and his Age; or 
 The Chris. Church of the Third Century, 1852, 4 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 Couch, John* Anabaptismarum ; or Answer to a 
 Kentish Anabaptist, made in the year 1649, Lon., 1650, 4to. 
 
 Couch, Jonathan. Illustrations of Instinct, Lon., 
 1847, p. 8vo. 
 
 " This volume is full of anecdote which must delight readers of 
 all ages, and is written in a most popular and unpretending style." 
 Britannia. 
 
 Couch, Robert. Praxis Catholica, by C. Pack, 1680. 
 
 Couchman, Giles. An Exhortation or Warninge, 
 to beware of greater Plagues and Troubles than are yet 
 come vpon this Realme, for the Sinnes and Wickedness 
 that has been, and is yet dayly committed therein. Lon., 
 1551, 8vo. 
 
 Coues, Samuel Elliot. Outlines of a System of 
 Mechanical Philosophy; being a Research into the Laws 
 of Force, Boston, 1851, 12mo. 
 
 " We heartily commend this work to philosophical inquirers, as 
 one full of strength, beauty, and originality, and eminently en 
 titled to their attention." GEORGE RIPLEY. 
 
 Couleius, Abrahamus. See COWLEY. 
 
 Couling, Nich. The Saints Perfect in this Life or 
 never, Lon., 1647, 12mo. 
 
 Coulson, William, Surgeon to the Magdalen Hos 
 pital, London. Diseases of the Bladder and Prostate 
 Gland, 4th ed., 1852, 8vo. 
 
 " We strongly recommend it to the attention and perusal of our 
 readers." Lon. Lancet. 
 
 Deformities of the Chest and Spine, 2d ed., 1839, p. 8vo. 
 Diseases of the Hip Joint, 2d ed., 1841. New ed. of Lau 
 rence's trans, of Blumenbach's Manual of Comparative 
 Anatomy. 
 
 " The most useful elementary work on Comparative Anatomy 
 which we yet possess is the Short System of Professor Blumen- 
 bach." Sup. to Encyc. Brit., art. Animal Anatomy. 
 
 Trans, of Edwards's Manual of Surgical Anatomy. 
 
 " The work contains a great deal of practical information, which 
 cannot fail to be interesting to the student and practitioner. The 
 translation is well executed, and Mr. Coulson has increased its 
 value by the addition of notes containing information derived 
 from the records of both English and German surgery." Lon 
 Med. and Phys. Jour. 
 
 Coult, Nich. Patterne of True Repentance, 1595. 
 
 Coultas, Harland. Principles of Botany, as exempli 
 fied in the Cryptogamia, with Illus., Phila., 1853, 12mo. 
 
 Coulter, John, M.D. Adventures in the Pacific, 
 Dubl., 1845, p. 8vo. Adventures on the Western Coasi 
 of South America, and in the Interior of California, Lon. 
 184f, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 Every page teems with adventure of the most extraordinary 
 and most racy kind." Lon. Naval and Milt. Gaz. 
 
 " in energy and power of observation it resembles Dampier and 
 ;he other old voyagers." Jerroltfs Paper. 
 
 Coulthard, Clara. Poems, 16mo. Rhymes for an 
 Hour, 1842, 18mo. Prayers and Hymns, 1845, 18mo. 
 Coulthart, J. R. Decimal Interest Table, Lon., 8vo. 
 Coulthurst, H. W., D.D. Sermon, 1796. 
 Coulton, David Trevena. Inquiry into the Au 
 thorship of the Letters of Junius. Fortune : a Story of 
 London Life, 3 vols. p. 8vo, 1853. 
 
 All is reality about it : the time, the characters, and the inci 
 dents. In its reality consist its charm and its merit. It is, in 
 deed, an extraordinary work, and has introduced to the world of 
 fiction a new writer of singular ability, with a genius more like that 
 of Bulwer than any to whom we can compare it." Lon. Oritic. 
 
 Coulton, James Trevena. Doctrine of the Bible, 
 1805, 8vo. 
 
 Counsell, George. Midwifery, Lon., 1752, 12mo. 
 Couper, Catherine M. A. Visits to Beechwood 
 Farm, Lon., 1847, 16mo. Lucy's Half Crown, 18mo. 
 Trans, of Wm. Von Humboldt's Letters to a Female Friend. 
 Remarkable letters." Westminster Review. 
 We have seldom read such a rendering of German thought into 
 the English tongue." ion. Critic. 
 
 Couper, Robert, M.D. Poetry, chiefly in the Scottish 
 Language, 1802, 2 vols. 12mo. Med. Treatise, 1803, 8vo. 
 The Tourifications of Malachi Meldrum, 1803, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 Hist, of Brit. Isles, 1807, 8vo. 
 
 Courayer, Peter Francis, 1681-1776, a French 
 divine of the Roman Catholic Church, after a careful ex 
 amination became satisfied of the validity of the orders of 
 the Church of England, and drew up a treatise entitled, 
 Dissertation sur la validite des Ordinations des Anglois, 
 et sur la Succession des EvSques de 1'Eglise Anglicane : 
 avec les preuves justificatives des faits avancez dans cet 
 ouvrage ; printed at Nancy (though Brussels appears on 
 the title) in 1723, 2 vols. 8vo. It was trans, into English 
 by the Rev. Daniel Williams, and pub. in Lon., 1725, 8vo; 
 2d ed., 1727; new ed., Oxf., 1844, 8vo. In 1726 Couray 
 pub. a Defence de la Dissertation, <fcc., Brux., 4 vols. 12mo. 
 The Defence was also trans, by Williams, Lon., 1728, 
 2 vols. 8vo. The new Oxf. ed. noticd above does not 
 contain the "Defence." In 1727 b received the degree 
 of D.D. from the University of Oxford. Being subjected 
 to much censure at home on account of this work, and 
 anticipating personal danger, he took refuge in England, 
 where he resided from 1728 until his death in 1776. He 
 attended the services of the Church of England, but never 
 renounced the communion of the Church of Rome. He 
 pub. a Letter to Card, de Noailles, Lon., 1728, 8vo, trans, 
 of Father Paul's Hist, of the Council of Trent, 1736, 2 vols. 
 fol., and a trans, of Sleidan's Hist, of the Reformation, 
 1767, 3 vols. 4to. His declaration of his last sentiments 
 on the subject of religion was pub. in French, by W. Bell, 
 D.D., in 1787, 8vo, (also pub. in English,) and a Treatise 
 on the Trinity, in French, appeared in 1810. 
 Courcy, Richard De. See DE COURCY. 
 Coureen. Catastrophe, <fec. rel, to E. L Company, 1644. 
 Court. Trans, of Josephus, Lon., 1733, fol. 
 Courtail, John. Serm., Lon., 1760, 4to. 
 Courtenay, Charles. Ereston ; a Novel, 1809, 2 vols. 
 Courtenay, Edward H. Trans, of Boucharlat's 
 Mechanics, with addits. and emendations, New York, 8vo. 
 Courtenay, Henry Reignald, Bishop of Bristol, 
 1794; translated to Exeter, 1797. Fast Serin., 1795, 4to. 
 Charge, 1796, 4to. 
 
 Courtenay, John, M.P., 1741F-1816, a native of 
 Ireland. Commission of the Treasury, 1806. Poetical 
 Review of the Literary and Moral Character of Dr. Saml. 
 Johnson, 1786, 4to. Philos. Reflec. on the French Revo 
 lution, in a Letter to Dr. Priestley, 1790, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Courtenay is a true believer in the Horatian precept : no 
 one more frequently substitutes the ridiculum for the acre, nor 
 comes to the discussion of grave matters with a more laughing 
 countenance." Lon. Monthly Review, 1790. 
 
 Manners, Arts, and Politics of France and Italy, in Po 
 etical Epistles, 1792, '93, 1794, 8vo. Poet, and Philos. 
 Essay on the French Revolution, addressed to Mr. Burke. 
 1793, 8vo. 
 
 Courtenay, Rt. Hon. Thomas Peregrine, M.P. 
 Obs. on the American Treaty, being a Contin. of the Let 
 ters of Decius, 1808, 8vo. State of the Nation, 1811, 8vo. 
 Treatise on the Poor Laws, 1818, 8vo. Letter to Lord 
 Grenrille on the Sinking Fund, 1828. Sir William Temple, 
 his Life and Times, with his Unpub. Essays and Corresp., 
 1836, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "It is in every sense an important addition to the library, and 
 will no doubt find a place in every sterling collection." Lon. Lit. 
 Gazette. 
 
cou 
 
 cow 
 
 care, good sense, and 
 impartiality." T. B. MACAULAY: see Edin. Rev., Oct. 1838. 
 
 Commentaries on the Hist Plays of Shakspearc, 1840, 
 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " An almost inseparable companion to Shakspeare's Plays. . . . 
 The production of a scholar and a gentleman of refined taste and 
 acute judgment." Lon Literary Gazette. 
 
 Courthope, Sir William. Synopsis of the Extinct 
 Baronetage of England, Lon., 1835, p. 8vo. 
 
 " A most useful book of reference to the genealogist, the anti 
 quarian, and the lawyer." 
 
 Courtier, Peter L. Poems, Ac., Lon., 1795-1813. 
 
 Courtney, Mrs. Isabinda, a Novel, 1796, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Courtney, John. 1. Serm. 2. Parish Registers, 
 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Cousin. See Cosm. 
 
 Coustos, John. Sufferings in Inquisition, 1746. 
 
 Couteau, J. B. Confessions of, Lon., 1794, 2 vols. 
 12mo; A satire of the depravity of French manners, 
 written by Robt. Jephson. 
 
 - Couton, John. The English Gil Bias ; or, the Ad 
 ventures of Gabriel Tangent, Lon., 1807, 3 vols. 
 
 Coutts, Robert, born 1803, of Brechin, Scotland. 
 Serins., 2d ed., Lon., 1808, 8vo ; 3d ed., Edin., 1847, 12mo. 
 
 Cove, Augustus. Tocsin Sounded, 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Cove, Morgan, Preb. of Hereford. Revenues of 
 tiie Ch. of England, Lon., 1797, 8vo; 1816. Inquiry resp. 
 Tithes, 1800, 8vo. 
 
 Covel, John, D.D., 1638-1722, Fellow of Christ 
 Church, Cambridge, and Master, 1688, resided 7 years at 
 Constantinople, as Chaplain to the Embassy. Account of 
 the present Greek Church, Camb., 1722, fol. 
 
 Covell, L. T., an American author. Prim. Grammar, 
 1814. Digest of Eng. Grammar, 1852 ; adopted by many 
 schools. 
 
 Covell, William. Defence of Hooker's Eccles. Po 
 lity, Lon., 1603, 4to. Examination of some things in 
 Ch. of Eng., 1604, 4to. Answer to an Apology by John 
 Burges, 1606, 4to. 
 
 Covell,William. 1. Letter. 2. Proclamation,Lon.,fol. 
 
 Coven, Stephen. The Militant Christian, 1781, 12ino. 
 
 Coventry, Andrew, M.D., d. 1830, was Professor of 
 Agriculture in the University of Edinburgh. Discourse 
 explanatory of the nature and plan of a course of lectures 
 on Agriculture and Rural Economy, Edin., 1808, 8vo. 
 Observations on Live Stock, in a letter to Henry Clive, 
 Esq., 8vo. Notes on the culture and cropping of Arable 
 Land, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 " The professional life of the author was distinguished by much 
 sound information and a very discreet judgment." Donaldson's 
 Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Coventry, Lord. Journal of his Embassy, Sav., 
 1667, 4to. 
 
 Coventry, Francis, d. 1759, educated at Magdalen 
 College, Cambridge, Curate of Edgeware. Penhurst, a 
 Poem, 1750; repub. in Dodsley's Collec. Absurdities of 
 Modern Gardening ; a paper pub. in The World. Pompey 
 the Little, a Satirical Romance, 1751. 
 
 " Pompey is the hasty production of Mr. Coventry, (cousin to 
 him you know,) a young clergyman. I found it out by three cha 
 racters, which made part of a comedy that he shewed me, of his 
 own writing." Gray, the, Poet, to Horace Walpole. 
 
 Coventry, Henry, d. 1752, referred to by Mr. Gray 
 as a cousin of the preceding, a Fellow of Magdalen Col 
 lege, pub. Letters of Philemon to Hydaspes, relating a 
 Conversation with Hortensius upon the Subject of False 
 Religion, in 5 parts, Lon., 1736, '37, '38, '41, '44, 8vo. He 
 was also one of the writers of the Athenian Letters. 
 
 Coventry, Thomas, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal 
 of England temp. Charles II., 1578-1640. Answer to the 
 Petition against Recusants. Fees of C. Pleas, Chancery, 
 Ac. Prothonotary's and Chancery Fees, 1644, 12mo. Wood 
 enumerates 9 speeches of his lordship, 1625, '26, '27, '28 ; 
 and other papers of his occur among the Harleian MSS. : 
 see Nos. 2207 and 3305. 
 
 Coventry, Thomas. A New and Readable Edition 
 of Coke upon Littleton, Lon., 1830, 8vo. 
 
 Certa in parts regarded as antiquated are omitted, which we 
 8 * defectmore than a recommendation." Hoff- 
 
 Concise Forms in Conveyancing, 4th ed., Lon., 1831, 
 izmo. 
 
 1 R S ^f?u pt * , 8h ^, C onveyance S ^ legislative enactment 
 is hopeless; it must be left to the good sense and honour of the 
 Conveyancer." Sugden's Answer to Humphreys 
 
 T. C- and Samuel Hughes, Analytical Digested Index 
 to the Common Law Reports, Hen. III. to George III 
 Lon., 1828, 2 vols. 8vo ; Phila., 1832. 
 
 "This Digest is very well arranged, and will answer as a nrettv 
 good substitute for the Old Reports."- J^rmn's Legal BM. 
 
 Other legal compilations. In a notice of his Convey 
 ancer's Evidence, Lon., 1832, 8vo, in the Law Magazine, 
 some faults are noticed, and the following compliment 
 passed upon Mr. Coventry's publications generally : 
 
 " In London his books have long since found their level, and no 
 books could find a lower one." 
 
 Coventry, Sir William, M.P., 1626-1686, youngest 
 son of Lord Keeper Coventry, educated at Queen's College, 
 Oxford, filled several public posts with great credit. Eng 
 land's Appeal from the Cabal at Whitehall to Parliament, 
 Lon., 1673, 4to. Letter to Bishop Burnet resp. Cardinal 
 Pole, Abbey Lands, Ac., 1685, 4to. Character of a Trim 
 mer, 1st ed., anon./ 2d, 1689, 12mo; 1697. Wood and 
 some later authorities ascribe the Character of a Trimmer 
 to Sir William, but the credit has been transferred to the 
 Marquis of Halifax and others. 
 
 " This piece is in the Miscellanies of the Marquis of Halifax, 
 whose mother was sister to Sir William Coventrie." LOVEDAY. See 
 Echard, and Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., iv. 193. 
 
 " It will be seen that I believe Halifax to have been the author, 
 or at least one of the authors, of the Character of a Trimmer, 
 which, for a time, went under the name of his kinsman, Sir William 
 Coventry." Macaulay's Hist, of England. Read Mr. M.'s admi 
 rable sketch of the character of Halifax. 
 
 The Character of a Trimmer has been reprinted by Dun 
 can, a London publisher. 
 
 Coverdale, Miles, 1487-1568, a native of Yorkshire, 
 was educated at the house of the Augustine friars at Cam 
 bridge. He became an Augustine monk, and was ordained 
 at Norwich in 1514. He afterwards embraced the princi 
 ples of the Reformation, and was one of its most zealous 
 promoters. In 1532 he was abroad, and assisted Tyndale 
 in his trans, of the Bible. In 1535, fol., appeared his own 
 trans, of the Scriptures, being the first impression of the 
 whole Bible in English. An account of this version, and 
 the sources from which it is drawn, will be found in Mr. 
 Whittaker's Inquiry into the Interpretations of the Scrip 
 tures, and a bibliographical account of the original edit, 
 is prefixed to a reprint in 1838, 4to. Mr. Lowndes could 
 only discover one perfect copy. One nearly perfect is in 
 the British Museum. A copy with the title and two fol 
 lowing leaves in facsimile was sold at auction for 89 5s. 
 In 1538 a quarto New Testament in the Vulgate Latin, and 
 Coverdale's English was pub. So anxious was he to dis 
 seminate a knowledge of the word of God, that in the same 
 year he again visited the Continent, to superintend a new 
 edit, of the Bible, as it could be printed cheaper and better 
 in Paris. 2500 copies were struck off, when the Inquisi 
 tion interfered, and committed them to the flames. The 
 presses, types, and printers were transferred to England, 
 and in 1539 Cranmer's, or the Great Bible, was issued from 
 the office of Grafton and Whitchurch. For many years 
 Coverdale now enjoyed the opportunity of labouring for 
 the spiritual enlightenment of his countrymen. As a 
 preacher he was in high esteem with the people ; his value 
 was recognised by those in authority, also; and in 1551 
 he was raised to the see of Exeter. Upon the accession 
 of Mary, in 1553, he was deprived of his bishopric, cast 
 into prison, and confined for two years. When released, 
 he visited the Continent, where he remained until Eliza 
 beth became Queen of England. Coverdale now returned 
 to England, and brought home some notions of the Geneva 
 school with regard to vestments, which were not calculated 
 to recommend him to preferment. Bishop Grindal, who 
 ineffectually endeavoured to aid him at court, collated him 
 to the rectory of St. Magnus, near old London Bridge, 
 which he retained until 1556, shortly before his death. 
 His publications were chiefly translations from the 
 writings of the foreign Reformers. A list, taken princi 
 pally from Ames and Herbert, will be found in Chalmers's 
 Biog. Diet., and in Watt's Bibl. Brit. Of his Letters of 
 the Martyrs, 1564, a new edit, was pub. by Rev. E. Bick- 
 ersteth in 1837, Lon., 8vo. Writings and translations, 
 edit, for the Parker Society, by the Rev. George Pearson, 
 Camb., 1844, 8vo. Remains, 1846, 8vo. Trans, of a Spi 
 ritual Pearl, Lon., 1838, 18ino, and in Richmond's Fathers, 
 viii. 793. Also see his writings in Brit. Reformers, xii. 
 See Bale and Tanner; Strype's Life of Cranmer; Parker 
 Memorials ; Annals ; Biog. Brit. 
 
 Coverley, Sir Roger de. A Cure for the Spleen ; 
 or, Amusement for a Winter's Evening, Anver., 1775, 8vo. 
 
 Covert, Nicholas. Scriviner's Guide, 1716, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Coverte, Captain Robert. A trve and almost in 
 credible Report of an Englishman that travelled by Land 
 through many vnknowne Kingdomes and great Cities, Lon., 
 1612, 4to. Reprinted in Osborne's Voyages, ii. 236 ; 1745. 
 
 Cowan, Andrew, M.D. General Education, 1803, 
 2 vols. 
 
cow 
 
 Cowan, Charles. Article "Paper" in Encyc. Brit., 
 7th edit 
 
 "A luminous and accurate account of the newest processes and 
 the most improved machinery used in the manufecture of this ar 
 ticle." Birmingham Herald. 
 
 Cowan, Charles, M.D. Trans, of Louis on Con 
 sumption, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 "An excellent translation of a most excellent work." Lan.Lancet. 
 Phrenology consistent with Science and Religion, 1841, 
 12mo. Bedside Manual, 2d ed., 1842, 18mo. 
 
 Cowan, James, 1738-1795. Serms., Edin., 1795, 8vo. 
 Coward, John. The Gospel Preached, <fcc., Lon., 
 1803, 8vo. 
 
 Coward, William, of Walthamstow, founded a Lec 
 ture, at which Hubbard, Guyse, Godwin, and others 
 preached. 12 Serms., Lon., 1729, 8vo; Christ's Loveli 
 ness and Glory. 54 Serms., 1757, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 " Highly aud deservedly esteemed." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 Coward, William, M.D., 1656-1725, educated at 
 Hart Hall and Wadham College, Oxford, trans. Dryden's 
 Absalom and Achitophel in Latin, and pub. some medical 
 and poetical works. His Licentia Poetica discussed, ap 
 peared in 1709, 8vo. He is best known, however, by his 
 Second Thoughts concerning the Human Soul, by Estibius 
 Psychalettres, 1702 ; 2d ed., 1704, 8vo. This work was 
 answered by William Nichols, in his Conference with a 
 Theist, 1698-1703 ; by John Broughton, in his Psychologia, 
 1703; and by John Turner, in his Vindication of the 
 separate Existence of the Soul, 1703. Coward answered 
 Turner in his Further Thoughts upon Second Thoughts, 
 and Broughton in an Epistolary Reply annexed to his 
 Grand Essay. The work,which excited this controversy 
 was burnt by the common hangman in 1704, by order of 
 Parliament. 
 
 " It is an elaborate defence of the doctrine of materialism, and 
 is mentioned in this place because of the quantity of critical dis 
 quisition on passages of Scripture which it contains." Orme's 
 Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Dr. Coward strongly affirmed that he never intended to 
 promulgate any sentiments contrary to religion and mo 
 rality. 
 
 Cowdry Richard. Pictures, &c. at Wilton House, 
 1751. 
 
 Cowe, James. Serm., <fcc., 1797-1806. 
 Cowell, J. W. Letters on Currency, Lon., 1843, 8vo. 
 Cowell, John, 1554-1611, educated at King's Col 
 lege, Cambridge. Institutiones juris Anglicani, <fec., Can 
 tab., 1605, 8vo. Written after the method of Justinian's 
 Institutes. Law Dictionary, 1607, foL This was thought 
 to attack the principles of the Common Law, and was 
 publicly burned: many edits, and continued. 
 
 " It is an excellent glossary to Coke, Littleton, and the old law- 
 books, and will be found of considerable utility to a modern stu 
 dent of English law and antiquities." See Marvin's Legal Bibl.; 
 1 Kent's Com., 508. 
 
 Cowell, John. The Snare Broken, 1677, 8vo. 
 Cowell, John, a gardener. Account of the Olive in 
 Blossom; containing an account of the Torch Thistle, 
 part ii. p. 33 ; of the Glastonbury Thorn, part ii. p. 44, 
 Lon., 1729, 8vo. The Curious and Profitable Gardener, 
 1730, '32, 8vo. 
 
 Cowen, E. Civil Jurisdiction of Justices of the Peace 
 of the State of New York, 2 vols. 8vo, 1844. New York 
 Reports, 1823-28, 9 vols. ; 8vo, 1824-30. Digested Index 
 of Reports, 1831, 8vo. Ed. Phillipps on Evidence, 5 vols., 
 1850. 
 
 " I have long considered Mr. Phillipps's work on Evidence as 
 the most thorough, accurate, and able that I have ever seen ; and 
 I have used it more constantly than any other." JOSEPH STORY. 
 Cowen, Sidney J. 2ded. of E. Cowen's Justice, 1841 
 Cowif, George. Dissenter's Guide, 1799. 
 Cowlard. Republication of Devises, Lon., 1833, 8vo 
 Cowley, Captain. Voyage round the Globe. See 
 Hacke's Voyages, vol. i. 1699, and Harris's Voyages, 1702 
 Voyage to Magellanica and Polynesia, 1683. See Callan- 
 der's Voyages, ii. 582, 1766. 
 
 Cowley, Abraham, M.D., 1618-1667, a poet of great 
 eminence, was a native of London, where his father was a 
 grocer. His taste for poetry was awakened by a perusa 
 of the poems of Spenser, which he had devoured with 
 great zest before he was 12 years of age. When only three 
 years older, being then at Westminster School, he pub. a 
 volume of poems, containing, with other pieces, the tragi 
 cal History of Pyramus and Thisbe, written at the age of 
 ten, and Constantia and Philetus, composed two years 
 later. This volume was entitled Poetical Blossoms. 
 
 "In which there were many things that might well become the 
 vigour and force of a manly wit," DR. SPRAT. 
 
 In 1636 he was removed to Trinity College, Cambridge 
 where he continued his poetical pursuits. In 1638 he pttb 
 
 COW 
 
 lis Love's Riddle, a pastoral comedy, and a Latin comedy 
 called Naufragium Joculare, or the Merry Shipwreck. 
 
 " Written without due attention to the ancient models ; for it is 
 not loose verse, but mere prose." 
 
 In 1643 he was, with others, ejected from Cambridge by 
 parliamentary influence, and retired to St. John's College, 
 Oxford. In the same year he pub. a satire entitled, The 
 Puritan and the Papist. Whilst referring to his residence 
 at Oxford, it may be proper to state by anticipation, that 
 in 1657 the university granted him the degree of M.D., 
 but he never practised as a physician. His loyalty and 
 wit recommended him to the favourable notice of the court, 
 and when Oxford was surrendered to the Parliament, 
 Cowley attended the queen to Paris, where he was secre 
 tary to the Earl of St. Alban's, and agent of correspond 
 ence, by means of cypher, between Charles I. and his con 
 sort He remained abroad between 10 and 12 years, and 
 in various ways was zealously devoted to the royal inte 
 rests, which fidelity excited no unreasonable expectations 
 of reward at the Restoration. The profligate Charles, 
 however, like most profligates, was too fond of his own 
 ease to care for the comfort of others, and valued the last 
 pleasure above the first friend. A real or pretended offence 
 at his comedy The Cutter of Coleman Street a new 
 edition of his old play of The Guardian afforded an ex 
 cuse to the court party for neglecting his claims upon the 
 royal favour. The disappointed poet, after an unsuccess 
 ful " Complaint" (in an ode so called) of this ingratitude 
 in which he declared that his desire was " to retire to 
 some of the American plantations, and forsake the world 
 forever" concluded to retire to a plantation nearer 
 home, and took up his residence first at Barn Elms, and 
 subsequently at Chertsey. He found a country life more 
 delightful in anticipation than in reality : his country neigh 
 bours were as debauched in their morals as the roysters 
 of London, his tenants refused to pay him his rents, and 
 his grass was devoured at night by strange cattle quartered 
 upon the London gentleman by the innocent rustics whose 
 guileless simplicity and honest virtues have so often in 
 spired the poetic muse. After a residence at Chertsey of 
 about two years, he caught a severe cold, attended with a 
 fever, which proved fatal July 28, 1667, in his 49th year. 
 Sprat's account of the circumstances connected with his 
 last days differs from that in Spence's Anecdotes, but this 
 is a point in which minute accuracy is not always to be 
 expected. Sprat certainly had the best means of knowing 
 the truth. When the ungrateful king heard of his death, 
 he declared that " he had not left a better man behind 
 him;" but 
 
 " Can Flattery soothe the dull, cold ear of Death?" 
 We return to his works. In 1647 he pub. his Mistress, 
 remarking in his preface, that 
 
 " Poets are scarcely thought freemen of their company, without 
 paying some duties, or obliging themselves to be true, to Love." 
 
 Upon his return to England, in 1656, he pub. a new edit, 
 of all his poems, consisting of four parts ; viz. : 1. Mis 
 cellanies. 2. The Mistress ; or Love Verses. 3. Pindaric 
 Odes. 4. Davideis ; a Heroical Poem of the Troubles of 
 David. In 1660 appeared An Ode upon the Blessed Re 
 storation of King Charles II. This title reminds us forci 
 bly of Barrow's admirable Epigram : 
 
 " Te magis optavit rediturum, Carole, nemo, 
 
 Et nemo sensit te rediisse minus!" 
 " Thy restoration, royal Charles, I see, 
 
 By none more wished, by none less felt, than me!" 
 
 In 1661 he pub. his Proposition for the Advancement 
 of Experimental Philosophy. Whilst in England he wrote 
 his two Books of Plants, pub. first in 1662. To these he 
 afterwards added four more books, and all the six, together 
 with his other Latin poems, were printed in 1678, 8vo, 
 after his death, under the title of Poemata Latina, viz. : 
 Plan tarurn, lib. vi. cum Notis; Herborum, Florum, et Syl- 
 varum, lib. ii. ; Miscellaneorum, unus ; quibus premittitnr 
 Autoris vita, per T. Sprat conscripta. 
 
 "Botany, in the mind of Cowley, turned into poetry." DR. 
 JOHNSON. 
 
 "The two first books treat of Herbs, in a style resembling the 
 elegies of Ovid and Tibullus; the two next, of Flowers, in all the 
 variety of Catullus and Horace's numbers, and the two last, of 
 Trees, in the way of Virgil's Georgics." DR. SPRAT. 
 
 A later critic has questioned the extent of Dr. Cowley's 
 acquaintance with the modern botanical authors, who would 
 have proved the most useful to his researches in point of 
 accurate knowledge. 
 
 Cowley's History of Plants, with Rapin's Disposition of 
 Gardens, a Poem, in 4 Books, was pub. in English in 1795, 
 12mo : the former trans, by N. Tate and others, the latter 
 by James Gardiner. The Iron Age, pub. 1656 and 1675, 
 8vo, was disclaimed by Cowley. The Poem on the late 
 
cow 
 
 cow 
 
 Civil War appeared in 1679, 4to. A Discourse, by Way I which met with such success as to encourage her to further 
 of Vision, concerning the Government of Oliver Crom- attempts. Her works principally consist of dramatic 
 well, pub. 1661, 4to, is commended by Bishop Hurd as one ! pieces; among which are Who's the Dupe? 1779; The 
 of the best of its author's prose works. It will be found "Rpllft's Stratn,P-e.m. 1780 : A BolH Stroke fnr n, TTnshnnH * 
 in vol. v. of the Harleian Miscellany. Cowley's Works, 
 1669; with Life by Thomas Sprat, D.D., 1680, 12mo ; 
 many edits.: 1710-11, 3 vols. 8vo; 12th ed., 1721, 2 vols. 
 12mo. Select Works, with a Preface and Notes by the 
 Editor, Bishop Hurd, 1772-77, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Prose Works, 
 including his Essays in Prose and Verse, 1826, cr. 8vo. 
 The edit of the Poetical Blossomes, 1633, 4to, is of great 
 value if it have the portrait of the author ; Bibl. Anglo- 
 Poet. 140, with two portraits of Cowley, 16. Cowley's 
 prose writings, -occupying about 60 folio pages, consist 
 principally of his Essays, which are of a high order of 
 merit. They have none of the affectation and love of con 
 ceit which often disfigure his poetry. 
 
 " The Essays must not be forgotten. What is said by Sprat of 
 his conversation, that no man could draw from it any suspicion of 
 his excellence in poetry, may be applied to these compositions. No 
 author ever kept his verse and his prose at a greater distance from 
 each other. His thoughts are natural, and his style has a smooth 
 and placid equability, which has never yet obtained its due com 
 mendation. Nothing is far-sought, or hard-laboured ; but all is 
 easy without feebleness, and familiar without grossness." DR. 
 JOHNSON. 
 
 " To Cowley we may justly ascribe the formation of a basis on 
 which has since been constructed the present correct and admira 
 ble fabric of our language. His words are pure and well chosen, 
 the collocation simple and perspicuous, and the members of his 
 sentences distinct and harmonious." DR. DRAKE. 
 
 Read the Essays " Of Myself," " Poetry and Poets," 
 and " Of Procrastination." The "Vision of Oliver Crom 
 well" may also be mentioned as a noble specimen of a 
 dignified yet graceful style : 
 
 ' Cowley's character of Oliver Cromwell, which is intended as a 
 satire, (though it certainly produces a very different impression on 
 the mind.) may vie for truth of outline and force of colouring with 
 the masterpieces of the Greek and Latin historians." HAZIJTT. 
 
 Of his poetical pieces, the general favourites will be found 
 among the Anacreontics and the Miscellanies. The lines 
 on the death of Harvey, and the Elegy on Crashaw, the 
 Ode on Wit, the Chronicle, and the verses to Davenant, 
 have been greatly admired. The wit by which Cowley 
 was so highly distinguished is of a character which pos 
 sesses but little charms save for the poet's own generation. 
 But by that generation, and for some years after his death, 
 he was lauded to a degree which appears to modern readers 
 very extravagant. 
 
 " These times have produced many excellent poets, among whom, 
 for strength of wit, Dr. Abraham Cooley [Cowley] justly bears the 
 bell." From Baxter's Prefatory Address to his Poetical Fragments, 
 1681. 
 
 "Clarendon represents him as having taken a flight beyond all 
 that went before him; and Milton is said to have declared, that 
 the three greatest English poets were Spenser, Shakspeare, and 
 Cowley. ... It has been observed by Felton, in his Essay on the 
 Classics, that Cowley was beloved by every Muse that he courted; 
 and that he has rivalled the Ancients in every kind of poetry but 
 Tragedy." 
 
 Even in Pope's days, how sadly was the once great 
 Cowley neglected ! 
 
 " Who now reads Cowley ? If he pleases yet, 
 His moral pleases, not his pointed wit : 
 Forgot his epic, nay, Pindaric art, 
 But still I love the language of his heart." 
 
 Charles Lamb, in a Letter to Coleridge, refers to the 
 general neglect of the ^accomplished author of Poetical 
 Blossomes : 
 
 " In all our comparisons of taste, I do not know whether I have 
 ever heard your opinion of a poet very dear to me, though now out 
 of fashion Cowley." 
 
 The reader will find an admirable criticism upon the 
 works of this once famous author, in Dr. Johnson's Lives 
 of the English Poets, an extract from which may appro 
 priately conclude our article : 
 
 " It may be affirmed, without any encomiastic fervour, that he 
 brought to his poetic labours a mind replete with learning, and 
 that his pages are embellished with all the ornaments which books 
 could supply; that he was the first who imparted to English 
 numbers the enthusiasm of the greater ode, and the gayety of the 
 less; that he was equally qualified for sprightly sallies and for 
 lofty flights; that he was among those who freed translation from 
 servility, and, instead of following his author at a distance, walked 
 by his side; and that, if he left versification yet improvable, he 
 left likewise, from time to time, such specimens of excellence as 
 enabled succeeding poets to improve it." 
 
 Read an eloquent paper by Mr. Macaulay in his Miscel 
 lanies, entitled A Conversation between Mr. Abraham 
 Cowley and Mr. John Milton, touching the great Civil 
 War : set down by a Gentleman of the Middle Temple. 
 
 Cowley, Hannah, 1743-1809, the daughter of Philip 
 Parkhouse, of Tiverton, in Devonshire, was married in 
 her 25th year to Captain Cowley, of the East India Com 
 pany. In 1776 she produced the Runaway, a Comedy, | symptoms would result in a loss of sight, he resided 
 
 Belle's Stratagem, 1780 ; A Bold Stroke for a Husband, 
 See a list of her 14 pieces in Biog. Dramat. Her Poems, 
 The Maid of Arragon, The Scottish Village, and the Siege 
 of Acre, have been highly commended. An edit, of her 
 Works, with a memoir, was pub. in 1813, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "In her writings, nothing was laboured; all was spontaneous 
 effusion : she had nothing of the drudge of literature ; and fame 
 was not half as much her object as the pleasure of composition." 
 Biog. Dramatica. 
 
 Cowley, J. Sailor's Companion, Lon., 1740, 12mo. 
 Cowley, John li* Geometry made Easy, Lon., 1752, 
 8vo ; new ed., by Wm. Jones, 1787. On Comets, 1757, 8vo. 
 App. to Euclid's Elements, 1759, 4to. Theory of Per 
 spective Demonstrated, 1766, 4to. 
 
 Cowper, Allan. Assize Sermon, 1722, 8vo. 
 Cowper, Charles. Sermon, Lon., 1763, 4to. 
 Cowper, Henry* Reports of Cases C. K. B., Lon., 
 1783, fol. j 2d ed., 1800, 2 vols. 8vo. 1st Amer. ed., Bost,, 
 1809, 2 vols.; N. York, 2 vols. in 1, by J. P. Hall, 1833. 
 " A very accurate and valuable collection." 
 Cowper, James, M.D. Narrative of the effects of a 
 celebrated medicine, Lon., 1760, 8vo. 
 Cowper, John. Sermon, 1752, 8vo. 
 Cowper, Robert. See COUPER. 
 Cowper, Spencer, D.D., 1713-1774, second son of 
 the Lord High Chancellor Cowper, was educated at Exeter 
 College, Oxford. He became Rector of Fordwich, Pre 
 bendary of Canterbury, and Dean of Durham. Speech, 
 1752, 4to. Serm., 1753, 4to. Discourse, 1773, 8vo. Dis 
 sertation on the distinct Powers of Reason and Revelation, 
 1773, 8vo. 
 
 Cowper, William, 1566-1619, Bishop of Galloway, 
 was educated at the University of St. Andrews. Before 
 his elevation to the episcopate, he preached 8 years at 
 Bothkennar, in Sterlingshire, and 19 years at Perth. His 
 works, consisting of serins., expositions of the 51st and 
 119th Psalms, and theolog. treatises, pub. 1611, '12, '13, 
 '14, '16, and '18, were collected in 1623, fol. This vol. in 
 cludes a Comment, on Revelation, then first pub. His 
 sermons have been highly praised : 
 
 " Perhaps superior to any sermons of that age. A vein of prac 
 tical piety runs through all his evangelical instructions; the style 
 is remarkable for ease and fluency; and the illustrations are strik 
 ing and happy." DR. McCRiE. 
 
 " Dr. McCrie's character of the sermons will apply to the expo 
 sitions." ORME. 
 
 " An excellent writer full of devotion, Christian experience, and 
 consolation." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Cowper, William. Catalogue of the Chemical Works 
 written in English; in 3 parts, Lon., 1672, '75, 8vo. 
 
 Cowper, William. Charge at the General Quarter 
 Sessions of the City and Liberty of Westminster, Oct. 19, 
 1719, 8vo. The same, April, 1730, 8vo. The same, June, 
 1736, 8vo. 
 
 Cowper, William, 1666-1709, a surgeon and anato 
 mist of eminence, was a native of Hampshire. Myotamia 
 Reformata ; or A New Administration of all the Muscles 
 of the Human Body, Lon., 1694, 8vo; an edit, by Dr. 
 Mead, with an Introduction on Muscular Motion, 1724. 
 The Anatomy of Human Bodies : illustrated with 114 cop 
 per-plates, Oxf., 1698, fol. The publication of this work 
 led to a warm controversy with Godfrey Bidloo, the Ger 
 man anatomist. The latter accused Cowper of using his 
 plates. Cowper contributed many papers to Phil. Trans., 
 1694, '96, 1702, '03, '05, '12. 
 
 Cowper, William, M.D., d. 1767, practised physic at 
 Chester, England. Life of St. Werburgh, 1749, 4to. This 
 is said to have been stolen from the MSS. of Mr. Stone. 
 The Doctors Cowper seem to have had a propensity for 
 availing themselves of the labours of others : see above. 
 II Penseroso, 1767, 4to. Dr. C. prepared materials for his 
 tories of the town and county of Chester, but death pre 
 vented the completion of his labours. 
 
 Cowper, William, 1731-1800, one of the most emi 
 nent of English poets, was the son of the Rev. John Cow 
 per, Chaplain to Geo. II., and Rector of Berkhampstead, 
 Hertfordshire, where the subject of our memoir was born 
 on the 26th of November. His grandfather was the dis 
 tinguished Hon. Spencer Cowper, Chief Justice of Chester, 
 and Judge in the Court of Common Pleas, and brother to 
 Earl Cowper, Lord High Chancellor of England. William 
 Cowper, deprived of a mother's care at the early age of six 
 years, was placed at the boarding-school of Dr. Pitnam, 
 Market street, Bedfordshire, where he remained for two 
 years. There being reason to fear that some unfavourable 
 
cow 
 
 cow 
 
 two years in the house of a female oculist of great repu 
 tation. When ten years of age he was sent to Westminster 
 School, where he remained for seven years, leaving with a 
 character for scholarship, especially in the classics. The 
 timid, sensitive character of the poet was but little suited 
 for the rude conflicts to which school-boys are often sub 
 jected, and a portion of this season of life was embittered 
 to Cowper by a tyranny upon the part of a senior scholar 
 of the most intolerable character. Having selected the 
 profession of the law, Cowper was now articled for three 
 years to a Mr. Chapman, a solicitor of some eminence. 
 How assiduously he devoted himself to Blackstone, and 
 with what pleasing thraldom he submitted to- the tenures 
 of Coke, may be gathered from the following honest con 
 fession to his cousin, Lady Hesketh : 
 
 'I did actually live three years with Mr. Chapman, a solicitor; 
 that is to say, I slept three years in his house; but I lived, that is 
 to say, I spent my days, in Southampton Kow, as you very well 
 remember. There was I, and the future Lord Chancellor, (Thur- 
 low,) constantly employed from morning till night in giggling and 
 making giggle, instead of studying law." 
 
 With such an apprenticeship, we need not be surprised 
 that, when at the age of 21 he took possession of a set of 
 chambers in the Temple, he neither sought business, nor 
 business sought him. It was at this early period of his life 
 that we first find strongly-marked indications of that ter 
 rible mental malady, which to a greater or less degree held 
 its victim all his lifetime "subject to bondage" of the most 
 fearful and tormenting character. Upon this extremely 
 painful subject but little can be said but little can be ex 
 pected in the brief limits to which we are confined. We 
 must, however, be allowed to enter our most decided pro 
 test against the strange misapprehension grounded upon j 
 a deplorable ignorance both of the effects of religion, and 
 of the mental characteristics of Cowper that the derange 
 ment of this gifted man was either originated, developed, 
 or increased, by theological truths or theological errors. 
 
 The contrary to this has been often asserted and denied 
 at great length, and truly, we marvel as much at the un 
 necessary prolixity of those who adopt and support the 
 negative, as we wonder at the obtuseness of those, who, 
 professing a knowledge of Cowper's mental history, stereo 
 type their simplicity or dishonesty, by charging religion 
 with the unhappy gloom which enshrouds the halo of one 
 of the brightest suns of England's literary firmament. 
 Why should apologists waste the elaboration of argument 
 and fervours of eloquence upon a cause which unadorned 
 chronology can settle in a few lines decisively and forever ? 
 If we cannot take Cowper's own testimony, we know not 
 whose should be admitted, for " What man knoweth the 
 things of a man save the spirit of a man ?" 
 
 We assert then, first, that Cowper's derangement was not 
 in the most remote degree to be attributed to religious im 
 pressions of any kind, true or erroneous. 
 
 We assert, secondly, that nothing but the soothing, re 
 straining, and purifying influences of religion stood for 
 forty years between William Cowper and the madman's 
 cell, or the suicide's grave. In support of these assertions, 
 we appeal to the whole mental history of the unhappy 
 poet, to his own experience, and to the testimony of those 
 true friends whose unwearied kindness mitigated his suffer 
 ings, ministered to his necessities, augmented his comforts, 
 and smoothed his dying pillow. Before leaving this sub 
 ject, however, we will adduce one or two facts of simple 
 chronology, which may correct the misapprehensions of 
 some who lack time for the examination of the voluminous 
 testimony to which we have appealed. 
 
 Cowper informs us that in his earlier years (and long 
 after) he was entirely ignorant of any experience of a re 
 ligious character, and even neglectful of the ordinary duties 
 of prayer and attendance upon public worship. Whilst a 
 student of law, he never attended church, unless when 
 visiting at his uncle's : 
 
 " By this means I had indeed an opportunity of seeing the inside 
 of a church, whither I went with the family on Sundays, which 
 probably I should otherwise never have seen." Autobiography. 
 
 It was whilst thus utterly unforgetful of his Creator, 
 that 
 
 "I was struck, not long after my settlement in the Temple, with 
 such a dejection of spirits, as none but they who have felt the same 
 can have the least conception of. Day and night 1 was upon the 
 rack, lying down in horror, and rising up in despair." Ibid. 
 
 At this time he was about 21 years of age. Undoubtedly 
 this was the commencement of the development of con 
 stitutional insanity. Eleven years later he tells us, 
 
 " To this moment I had felt no concern of a spiritual kind. Igno 
 rant of original sin, insensible of the guilt of actual transgression, 
 I understood neither the law nor the gospel; the condemning 
 nature of the one, nor the restoring mercies of the other. I was as 
 much unacquainted with Christ, in all his saving offices, as if his 
 
 blessed name had never reached me. Now, therefore, a new scene 
 opened upon me. Conviction of sin took place, especially of that 
 just committed, [the attempt at suicide;] the meanness of it, as 
 well as its atrocity, were exhibited to me in colours so inconceiva 
 bly strong, that I despised myself, with a contempt not to be im 
 agined or expressed, for having attempted it." Ibid. 
 
 We have asserted that religion alone stood between the 
 unhappy man and the grave of the suicide : can we make 
 our affirmation good ? Cowper proceeds as follows : 
 
 " This sense, of it secured me from the repetition of a crime, which 
 I could not now reflect on without horror." Ib. 
 
 Did religion drive Cowper mad? Hear him further: 
 
 ' The only thing that could promote and effectuate my cure was 
 yet wanting; an experimental knowledge of the redemption wliich 
 is in Christ Jesus." Ib, 
 
 Does this look like Religious Insanity? This "only 
 thing yet wanting" was graciously imparted to the poor 
 sufferer, and what was its effect upon him ? 
 
 "The next day I went to church for the first time after my re 
 covery. Throughout the whole service I had much to do to restrain 
 my emotions; so fully did I see the beauty and glory of the Lord. 
 . . . Such was the goodness of the Lord, that he gave ' the oil of 
 joy for mourning, and the garments of praise for the spirit of hea 
 viness.' " Ib. 
 
 " Ilia residence at the Temple extended through eleven years. 
 In 1763 the last year of that residence the offices of the Clerk of 
 the Journals, Reading Clerk, and Clerk of the Committees in the 
 House of Lords, all which offices were at the disposal of a cousin 
 of Cowper's, became vacant about the same time. The last two 
 were conferred on Cowper. His patrimony was by this time well- 
 nigh spent, and the gift was therefore so far acceptable. But the 
 duties attached to the offices of reading-clerk and clerk of the com 
 mittees were duties which required that he should frequently ap 
 pear before the House of Lords ; and to him, who suffered from ex 
 treme nervousness, a public exhibition of any kind was, as he 
 himself expresses it, ' mortal poison.' He, therefore, almost imme 
 diately after having accepted them, resigned those offices and took 
 that of clerk of the journals. But here, again, his cousin's right 
 of nomination having been questioned, Cowper was unexpectedly 
 required to submit himself to an examination at the bar of the 
 House before being allowed to take the office. Thus the evil from 
 which he seemed to have escaped again met him. 'A thunder 
 bolt,' he writes, in his memoir of himself, ' would have been aa 
 welcome to me as this intelligence. ... To require rny attendance 
 at the bar of the House, that I might there publicly entitle myself 
 to the office, was in effect to exclude me from it. In the mean 
 time, the interest of my friend, the honour of his choice, my own 
 reputation and circumstances, all urged me forward, all pressed 
 me to undertake that wliich I saw to be impracticable.' Unceasing 
 was the anguish which he now suffered. He even looked forward 
 anxiously to the coming of insanity, a constitutional tendency to 
 which had manifested itself some years before, that he might 
 have a reason for throwing up the office; and, when the dreaded 
 day drew near and he found himself still in possession of his 
 senses, he determined on the commission of suicide. His many 
 attempts to destroy himself all foiled of success, owing, as he 
 pleased to explain it in his memoir, to direct interpositions of Pro 
 vidence. The office was ultimately resigned upon the very day 
 appointed for the examination, and shortly afterwards he became 
 insane. He was immediately placed under the care of Dr. Cotton, 
 at St. Alban's, with whom he stayed until his recovery, which took 
 place about eighteen months after, in June, 1765." Knight's Eng. 
 Cyc., vol. ii., Div. Biography. 
 
 He settled at Huntingdon, where he formed an acquaint 
 ance with the Rev. Mr. and Mrs. Unwin, who proved the 
 kindest of friends. He became an inmate of their man 
 sion; and, upon the death of Mr. Unwin in 1767, he 
 removed with his widow to Olney, the residence of the 
 Rev. John Newton, who also became an attached and 
 valuable friend. The value of the judicious ministrations 
 of vigilant affection in cases of mental disorder cannot 
 be too highly estimated. A derangement of a com 
 paratively trifling character may be tortured to madness 
 or soothed to a repose which precedes restoration, accord 
 ing to the course of treatment to which the sufferer shall 
 be subjected. How weighty, then, the responsibility which 
 devolves upon those to whom the guardianship of the 
 afflicted appertains ! For about eight years Cowper's men 
 tal health was but little affected ; but in 1773 the clouds 
 again settled over his mind, and for a period of ten years 
 it was more or less enveloped in darkness. In 1794 he 
 was again a victim to this horrid malady ; and the death 
 of Mrs. Unwin in 1796 so long his faithful and devoted 
 nurse added to his deep despondency. He gazed upon 
 her lifeless form, left the chamber of death, and was never 
 afterwards once heard to utter her name. In January, 
 1800, he betrayed alarming symptoms of declining health, 
 and, on the 25th of April following, his troubles were 
 ended by a change from a world in which he had so long 
 and so acutely suffered to the presence of that almighty 
 Being whom he had humbly served with the best offerings 
 of which a perturbed spirit and distracted mind were 
 capable. All that enlightened human sympathy and de 
 voted Christian friendship could perform had been zeal 
 ously lavished upon one whose mental gloom was only to 
 be entirely dissipated by the brightness of that excelling 
 
cow 
 
 cow 
 
 glory which illumines the City of the living God. Such 
 priceless offices of love, such unwearied, self-sacrificing 
 devotion, can never be forgotten : the names of TJnwin, 
 Hesketh, Austen, Johnson, Hayley, and Rose, must be 
 closely connected with the memory of William Cowper, so 
 long as the noblest qualities which adorn humanity are 
 valued among men. Having thus taken a rapid view of 
 the character of the man, we now proceed to a brief con 
 sideration of the author. 
 
 Pew men who commenced authorship at so late a period 
 of life have attained so large a measure of popularity in 
 their lifetime. When Cowper's first volume was given to 
 the world, he had seen more than fifty years. He lacked, 
 therefore, what had been considered almost indispensable 
 to the character of a poet inexperience of the world, and 
 that freshness of feeling and fervour of thought which are 
 supposed to accompany the earlier stages of life. The 
 subjects, too, of his first volume, (1782, 8vo,) were of too 
 didactic a character to arouse or gratify public curiosity 
 or literary interest. But little to charm the imagination, 
 or delight the fancy, could be expected from the discussion 
 of The Progress of Error, Truth, Table Talk, Expostula 
 tion, Hope, Charity, Ac. It was evident, indeed, that 
 " Wisdom had prepared her Feast and uttered her Voice," 
 but until the nature of man changes, she must continue to 
 " lift up her voice in the streets, and cry in the chief places 
 of concourse," ere she can gather around her the very few 
 who prefer instruction to amusement, and moral improve 
 ment to mental dissipation. 
 
 But the applause of a few sages was more valuable than 
 the indifference of the children of the world ; and Cowper 
 was more delighted at having pleased Johnson and Frank 
 lin, than he would have been with the applause of Holland 
 House, and the adulation of half the fashionable assem 
 blies of London. Mr. Hayley gives us his own opinion 
 of the merits of the volume in these words : 
 
 " It exhibits such a diversity of poetical powers as have been 
 given very rarely indeed to any individual of the modern or of 
 the ancient world." 
 
 By the influence of Lady Austen, who had previously 
 elicited the famous ballad of John Gilpin, Cowper was 
 induced to commence a new poem The Task, which was 
 pub. in 1785. Its success was immediate, and almost un 
 bounded. There were few, however opposed in their tastes, 
 who could not find something to charm them in the many 
 pleasing pictures and graphic sketches presented in this 
 volume. 
 
 " The Task is a poem of such infinite variety, that it seems to 
 include every subject, and every style, without any dissonance or 
 disorder; and to have flowed, without effort, from inspired philan 
 thropy, eager to impress upon the hearts of all readers whatever 
 may lead them most happily to the full enjoyment of human life, 
 and to the final attainment of Heaven." HAYLEY. 
 
 " It is impossible to describe this fine poem better than by say 
 ing that it treats, in a masterly way, of all that affects us here, or 
 influences us hereafter; that it pleads the cause of the poor and 
 the desolate in the presence of the rich ; admonishes the rich of 
 their duty to their country, their cotters, and their God; takes the 
 senate to task; shakes the scourge of undying verse over the 
 pulpit ; holds a mirror before the profligacy of cities till they shud 
 der at their own shadow, and exhibits to the hills and dales of 
 the country, an image of the follies of their sons and daughters." 
 ALLAN CUNNINGHAM : Biog. and Grit. Hist, of Lit. 
 
 " Of all the verses that have been ever devoted to the subject of 
 domestic happiness, those in his Winter Evening, at the opening 
 of the fourth book of The Task, are perhaps the most beautiful. 
 In perusing that scene of 'intimate delights,' 'fire-side enjoy 
 ments,' and ' home-born happiness,' we seem to recover a part of 
 the forgotten value of existence, when we recognise the means of 
 its blessedness so widely dispensed and so cheaply attainable, and 
 find them susceptible of description at once so enchanting and so 
 faithful." CAMPBELL : Essay on English Poetry. 
 
 " It contains a number of pictures of domestic comfort and so 
 cial refinement which can hardly be forgotten but with the lan 
 guage itself." 
 
 Cowper's next production was the Tirocinium, intended, 
 as he tells us, 
 
 " To censure the want of discipline, and the scandalous inatten 
 tion to morals, that obtain in public schools, especially in the 
 largest," &c. 
 
 In the same year, (1784,) he commenced his translation of 
 Homer, which was completed and pub. in 1791, 2 vols. 4to. 
 Not entirely satisfied with his performance, he commenced 
 a revision in 1792, and devoted his leisure time for several 
 years to the corrected version. It was pub. in 1802, 4 vols. 
 8vo, by J. Johnston. Very different opinions are enter 
 tained both of the merit of the translation generally, and 
 of the respective excellencies or defects of the earlier and 
 later versions. 
 
 Mr. Southey greatly prefers the former : 
 
 " The version he composed when his faculties were most active, 
 and his spirits least subject to depression, ought not to be super 
 seded by a revisal, or rather reconstruction, undertaken three 
 440 
 
 years before his death ; not like the first translation, ' a pleasant 
 work, an innocent luxury,' but 'a hopeless employment,' a task to 
 which he gave ' all his miserable days and often many hours of 
 the night.'" 
 
 Dr. Clarke appears to be of a different opinion : 
 
 " For fidelity, accuracy, and the true poetical fire, this corrected 
 edition of Cowper's Translation stands yet unrivalled." 
 
 Mr. Croker remarks that 
 
 " It is the fashion to call Cowper's translation ' a miserable fail 
 ure,' but the more one reads it the better it seems to represent the 
 original than any other." 
 
 " We admire Mr. Cowper's abilities ; some passages are executed 
 with great taste and spirit, and those that were difficult he ha s 
 happily elucidated." Lon. Critical Keview. 
 
 "I long tc know your opinion of Cowper's translation. The 
 Odyssey, especially, is surely very Homeric. What nobler than 
 the appearance of Phoebus at the beginning of the Iliad lines 
 ending with 'Dread sounding-bounding on the silver bow'?" 
 Charles Lamb to Coleridge. 
 
 " That the translation is a great deal more close and literal than 
 any that had previously been attempted in English verse, probably 
 will not be disputed by those who are the least disposed to admire 
 it; that the style into which it is translated is a true English style, 
 though not perhaps a very elegant or poetical one, may also be as 
 sumed ; but we are not sure that a rigid and candid criticism will 
 go farther in its commendation." LORD JEFFREY : Edin. JKev., ii. 85. 
 
 It is useless to venture any suppositions as to the cha 
 racter which his intended life and edition of Milton would 
 have assumed. Certainly few men have been better quali 
 fied for so arduous a task. 
 
 Of Cowper's minor poems, perhaps the best known are 
 the Lines addressed to his Mother's picture, and that in 
 scribed to Mary, his faithful friend and nurse Mrs. Unwin. 
 The Olney Hymns, written in conjunction with Rev. John 
 Newton, have had a wide circulation, and doubtless proved 
 very useful. In 1803, '04, Mr. Hayley pub. A Life, and 
 the Posthumous Writings of Cowper, Chichester, 3 vols. 4to. 
 
 "The little Mr. Hayley writes in these volumes is by no means 
 well written, [but] with a very amiable gentleness of temper, and 
 with the strongest appearance of a sincere veneration and affec 
 tion for the departed friend to whose memory it is consecrated." 
 LORD JEFFREY. 
 
 In 1806 Mr. Hayley added Supplementary Pages to the 
 Life of Cowper, Chichester, 4to. In 1824 his Private Cor 
 respondence with several of his most intimate friends, from 
 the originals in the possession of his kinsman, Mr. John 
 son, appeared in 2 vols. 8vo. A complete edition of his 
 Works, Correspondence, and Translations, with a Life of 
 the Author, edited by Robert Southey, was pub. in 15 
 vols. p. 8vo. A new ed., with additional Letters, in Bohn's 
 Standard Library, 8 vols., plates. 
 
 " There is no one among our living writers who unites research, 
 taste, and sincerity, (the three great requisites of a biographer,) 
 so delightfully as Dr. Southey; and it is almost superfluous to 
 say, that his work is as readable for its anecdotes and contempo 
 rary sketches, as for its clear, manly, and eloquent style." Lon. 
 Athenaum. 
 
 " It is hardly too much to say that it derives nearly half its value 
 from the labours of the editor and biographer." 
 
 " In the Life of the Poet, Dr. Southey has introduced much of 
 the Literary History of England during half a century, with bio 
 graphical sketches of many of his contemporaries." 
 
 The Rev. T. S. Grimshawe, author of the Life of Rev. 
 Legh Richmond, pub. an edit, of the Works, Letters, and 
 Life, in 1835, Lon., 8 vols. 8vo; new edit., 1847, 8 vols. 
 8vo, and also an edit, in 1 vol. r. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Grimshawe's labours are not only recommended by the 
 power his relationship to Dr. Johnson placed in his hands, but by 
 the deep concern he takes in every thing which regards the essen 
 tial and beautiful parts of Cowper's character." Norwich Mercury. 
 
 We notice some other editions. Cowper's Poems, with a 
 Memoir of the Author, by John McDiarmid, Edin., 18mo. 
 
 " The Memoir has the merit of being written with remarkable 
 critical acumen, of delineating the character of Cowper with accu 
 racy, and of including, stripped of all book-making periphrases, 
 the whole course of the poet's life, agitated as it was by acute 
 mental sufferings." Court Magazine. 
 
 Cowper's Works, with Life, by Dr. Memes, Glasg., 1852, 
 12mo. 
 
 " The Memoir greatly surpasses, in philosophical accuracy, the 
 former estimates of Cowper's Life. The editor is evidently a stu 
 dent of human nature, under all the varieties of physical and 
 moral causes by which it may be affected. He is also a clear, good 
 writer, who, understanding his subject, expresses himself with 
 equal beauty and precision." Evangelical Magazine. 
 
 To these may be added Memoirs, Essays, <fcc. by Nico 
 las, Greatheed, Stebbins, Gary, Dwight, Ac. 
 
 The Letters of Cowper have gained him as much repu 
 tation as have the most favourite passages of his poetry. 
 On this theme it were easy to enlarge, but we must rest 
 content with a citation from one of the greatest masters of 
 our tongue : 
 
 "I have always considered the letters of Mr. Cowper as the finest 
 specimen of the epistolary style in our language. ... To an air of 
 inimitable ease and carelessness they unite a high degree of cor 
 rectness, such as could result only from the clearest intellect, com 
 bined with the most finished taste. I have scarcely found a single 
 
cox 
 
 word which is capable of being exchanged for a better. Literary 
 errors I can discern none. The selection of words, and the con 
 struction of periods, are inimitable; they present as striking a 
 contrast as can well be conceived to the turgid verbosity which 
 ]>asses at present for fine writing, and which bears a great resem 
 blance to the degeneracy which marks the style of Ammianus 
 Marcellinus, as compared to that of Cicero or of Livy. In my 
 humble opinion, the study of Cowper's prose may on this account 
 be as useful in forming the taste of young people as his poetry." 
 Rev. Robert Hall to Rev. Dr. Johnson. 
 
 The reader should peruse an article, nominally a review 
 of Thomas Taylor's Life of Cowper, by Mr. W. B. 0. Pea- 
 body, in the North American Review for January, 1834. 
 Also see articles by Lord Jeffrey, in the Edinburgh Re 
 view, vols. ii. 64, and iv. 273 ; two reviews in the London 
 Quarterly Review, vols. xvi. 116, and xxx. 185. To these 
 may be added the articles in the N. American Review, by 
 W. Phillips, ii. 233 j H. Ware, xix. 435, and E. T. Chan- 
 ning, xliv. 29. Also consult the Life, Dissertation, and 
 Notes, in the new ed. of Cowper's Poetical Works, by Rev. 
 George Gilfillan, 1854, 8vo. 
 
 A few brief extracts from two or three eminent authori 
 ties must conclude an article already sufficiently extended : 
 
 "Of Cowper how shall I express myself in adequate terms of 
 admiration? The purity of his principles, the tenderness of his 
 heart, his unaffected and zealous piety, his warmth of devotion, 
 (however tinctured at times with gloom and despondency,) the 
 delicacy and playfulness of his wit, and the singular felicity of his 
 diction, all conspire by turns 
 
 ' To win the wisest, warm the coldest heart.' 
 
 " Cowper is the poet of a well-educated and well-principled Eng 
 lishman. ' Home, sweet home' is the scene limited as it may be 
 imagined in which he contrives to concentrate a thousand beau 
 ties, which others have scattered far and wide upon objects of less 
 interest and attraction. His pictures are, if I may so speak, con 
 ceived with all the tenderness of Raffaelle. and executed with all 
 the finish and sharpness of Teniers. No man, in such few words, 
 tells his tale, or describes his scene, so forcibly and so justly. His 
 views of nature are less grand and less generalized than those of 
 Thomson : and here, to carry on the previous mode of comparison, 
 I should say that Thomson was the Gaspar Poussin, and Cowper 
 the Hobbima of rural poetry. . . . The popularity of Cowper gains 
 strength as it gains age : and, after all, he is the poet of our study, 
 our cabinet, and our alcove." DR. DIBDIN. 
 
 " His language has such a masculine idiomatic strength, and 
 his manner, whether he rises into grace or falls into negligence, 
 has so much plain and familiar freedom, that we read no poetry 
 with a deeper conviction of its sentiments having come from the 
 author's heart, and of the enthusiasm, in whatever he describes, 
 having been unfeigned and unexaggerated. He impresses us with 
 the idea of a being whose fine spirits had been long enough in the 
 mixed society of the world to be polished by its intercourse, and 
 yet withdrawn so soon as to retain an unworldly degree of sim 
 plicity and purity." THOMAS CAMPBELL. 
 
 " The great merit of this writer appears to us to consist in the 
 boldness and originality of his compositions, and in the fortunate 
 audacity with which he has carried the dominion of poetry into 
 regions that had been considered as inaccessible to her ambition. 
 ... He took as wide a range in language, too, as in matter ; and 
 shaking off the tawdry incumbrance of that poetical diction which 
 had nearly reduced the art to the skilful collocation of a set of 
 appointed phrases, he made no scruple to set down in verse every 
 expression that would have been admitted in prose, and to take 
 advantage of all the varieties with which our language could 
 supply him." LORD JEFFREY. 
 
 Cox, Dr. 1. Med. Discourses. 2. Discourse against 
 Apothecaries, Lon., 1666, '69, 8vo. 
 
 Cox, Dr. Medical Compendium, Ac., 1808. 
 
 Cox, Mrs. Joseph ; a Poem, 1783, 12mo. 
 
 Cox, or Coxe, Benj. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1645, 
 '46, 4to. 
 
 Cox, D. Address to Dissenters, 1807, 12mo. 
 
 Cox, Daniel, M.D. Prof, treat, Ac., 1753, '57, '58, 8vo. 
 
 Cox, David. Landscape Painting and Effect in Wa 
 ter Colours, Lon., 1814, fol. Highly esteemed. 
 
 Cox,E.W. Registration of Voters' Act, Lon.,1843,12mo. 
 
 Cox, F. A., D.D. Christian Knowledge, Lon., 1806, 
 8vo. Life of Melancthon, 1815, 8vo; 1817, 8vo. 
 
 " Correct in narrative, forcible in argumentation, &c." Brit. Rev. 
 
 Female Scripture Biography, 1817 ; 1852, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 On Baptism, 8vo. On the Book of Daniel, 1833, 12mo. 
 
 "A very useful manual." Lon. Congregational Mag. 
 
 Our Young Men ; a Prize Essay, 1838, 12mo. 
 
 "A word in season to young men in every grade of Society." 
 Evangel. Mag. 
 
 Mr. C. has written some other theological treatises. 
 
 Cox, George. Chemical Delectus, 2d ed., 1844, 32mo. 
 Spectable Secrets, 2d ed., 1844, 12mo. Agricultural Che 
 mistry, Lon., 1844, p. 8vo. 
 
 " The author discusses aeriform matters, salts, acids, Ac., but 
 fails to establish any fact for practical adoption. This is the fault 
 of all chemical essays." Donaldson's AgriciM. Biog. 
 
 Cox, Capt. Hiram. Journal of a Residence in the 
 Burman Empire, Ac., Lon., 1821, 8vo. 
 
 Cox, Sir J. H. Letters on Catholic Claims, 1812. 
 
 Cox, James, D.D. Conjugal Affection: a Poem, 
 1813, 8vo. 
 
 COX 
 
 Cox,James, D.D. Tithe Commutations,Lon.,1838,8vo. 
 Cox, John. Dialecticon Vivi boni et literati de veri- 
 tate et Natura atque Substantia corporis et sanguinis 
 Christi in Eucharistia, Lon., 1557, 8vo. 
 
 Cox, John. Trans, of H. Bullinger's Exhortation to 
 the Ministers of God's Word, Ac., Lon., 1575, 8vo. 
 
 Cox, John E. Protestantism contrasted with Roman 
 ism, Lon., 1852, 2 rols. 8vo. Trans, of Dr. H. Olshausen's 
 Com. on 1st and 2d Epist to the Corinthians \ Vol. xx. of 
 Clark's For. Theol. Library. 
 
 "A superior help to the study of those two important epistles." 
 British Banner. 
 
 Cox, John H. Harmony of the Scriptures, Lon., 1823, 
 8vo. Highly commended. Jesus shewing Mercy, 18mo. 
 "A most useful book to be put into the hands of young con 
 verts." Christian Guardian. 
 
 Cox, John S. Two Serms.,with Notes, Lon.,1835,12mo. 
 "These are sensible and sound discourses, which we recom 
 mend to all lovers of orthodoxy." Chris. Rememb. 
 
 Cox, Joseph. Narrative rel. to Thief-takers, 1756, 8vo. 
 Cox, Joseph M., M.D. Insanity, 1804, 8vo. 
 Cox, Leonard. See COCKES. 
 
 Cox, Michael, Bishop of Ossory, 1743 ; Archbishop 
 of Cashel, 1754. Sermon, Dubl., 1748, 4to. 
 
 Cox, Nicholas. The Gentleman's Recreation, in 
 four Parts, viz. : Hunting, Hawking, Fowling, Fishing, 
 1674, 8vo ; 6th ed., 1721. 
 
 Cox, Owen. Intelligence from Ireland, 1642, 4to. 
 Cox, Richard, 1499-1581, educated at Eton and 
 King's College, Cambridge, became Chancellor of the 
 University of Oxford, and Dean of Westminster. On the 
 accession of Mary he was imprisoned. In 1559 he was 
 made Bishop of Ely. He trans, for the "Bishops' Bible" 
 the four Gospels, the Acts, and the Epistle to the Romans. 
 He also assisted in the Compilation of the Liturgy, Ac. 
 Cox, Richard. See CRANCH, WILLIAM. 
 Cox, Sir Richard, 1650-1733, was created Chancellor 
 of Ireland in 1703. Hibernia Anglicana; or the History of 
 Ireland from the Conquest to the present time, Lon., 1689, 
 2 vols. fol. Compiled chiefly from the accounts of Sir 
 John Temple and Dr. Borlase. An Inquiry into Religion, 
 Lon., 1711, 8vo. Linen Manufactory, Dubl., 1749. 
 
 Cox, Robert. Actaeon and Diana, with a pastoral 
 Storse of the Nimph Oenone, Ac., Lon., 1566, 1656, 4to. 
 In Fras. Kirkman's, The Wits, or Sport upon Sport. 
 
 " Cox was an excellent comedian, who lived in the reign of King 
 Charles I." See Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Cox, Robert. Hist, of an Old Pocket Bible, Lon., 
 1813, 8vo. Narratives of the Lives of some of the most 
 eminent Fathers, Ac., 1817, 8vo. Horae Romanae, or an 
 Attempt to elucidate St. Paul's Epist. to the Romans, by 
 an original Trans., Ac., 1824, 8vo. 
 
 " While possessing merits of a high order, it is entirely free from 
 display." Lon. Eclectic Review. 
 
 The Liturgy Revised, 1830, 8vo. Secession Considered, 
 1832, 8vo. 
 
 Cox, Ross. Adventures on the Columbia River, Lon., 
 2 vols. 8vo ; New York, 1832. 
 
 Cox, S. C. P. Williams's Chancery Reports, 4th edit., 
 1787, 3 vols. r. 8vo ; 5th ed., 1790. Reports of Cases in 
 Courts of Equity, 1783-96, Ac., Lon., 1816, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Amer. edit., by Murray Hoffman, New York, 1824. 
 
 " Most brief and perspicuous Reports of unquestionable accu 
 racy."! Kent's Com., 494. 
 
 "The American edition is ably edited." Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 Cox, Samuel H., D.D., a Presbyterian minister, long 
 settled in Brooklyn, New York. Quakerism not Chris 
 tianity, New York, 1833, 8vo. Interviews, Memorable 
 and Useful, from Diary and Memory, reproduced, New 
 York, 1853, 12mo. 
 
 Cox, Samuel S. The Buckeye Abroad; or Wander 
 ings in Europe and the Orient, N. York, 1852, 12mo. 
 
 " One of the most readable books of travel that we have taken 
 up for a long time." N. Y. Mirror. 
 Cox, Thomas. See COXE. 
 
 Cox, William, d. 1851? an Englishman, for some 
 time resident of New York City. Crayon Sketches, by an 
 Amateur, N.Y., 1853, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Coxe, Arthur Cleveland, D.D., b. in Mendham, 
 New Jersey, 1818, grad. at the University of New York, 
 has gained great reputation for classical attainments and 
 poetical talents. Advent, a Mystery ; a Dramatic Poem, 
 1837. Athwold ; a Romaunt, 1838. Saint Jonathan ; the 
 Lay of a Scald. Cantos 1st and 2d, 1838 : all that was 
 pub. Athanasion, and Miscellaneous Poems. Christian 
 Ballads ; new edit., Lon., 1853, 8vo. Halloween. Saul ; 
 a Mystery. Trans, of Dr. Von Hirscher's Sympathies of 
 the Continent, or Proposals for a New Reformation. 
 " The following work will be found a noble apology for the posi- 
 
cox 
 
 cox 
 
 tion assumed by the Church of EnglarW in the sixteenth century, 
 and for the practical reforms she then introduced into her theology 
 and worship." Dr. Coxe's Introduction. 
 
 Impressions of England, N.Y., 1856, 12mo. Dr. Coxe 
 has published Sermons on Doctrine and Duty, 1855. 
 
 "They are remarkably able and eloquent, and discuss a variety 
 of subjects. The spirit throughout is eminently Christian and 
 persuasive, and all may be read with pleasure and with profit." 
 
 Coxe, Daniel, M.D. Discourses and papers in Phil. 
 Trans., 1674 ; Alkaline Seeds; Sea Sand; Volatile Salt 
 
 from Vegetables. 
 
 Coxe, Daniel, resided 14 years in America. 
 
 He 
 
 claimed the territory of Georgia, Florida, and Louisiana 
 under his father's purchase. Description of Carolina, Lon., 
 1722, '27, '41, 8vo. 
 
 "A crude performance, drawn up from various journals and 
 voyages to impress the public with the great importance of the 
 region described, and to make them jealous of its occupation by 
 the French." See N. American Review, ii. 1. 
 
 Collection of Voyages and Travels, Lon., 1741, 8vo. 
 
 Coxe, Edward. 1. Miss. Poetry. 2. Valentine, 1805, 
 '10, 8vo. 
 
 Coxe, Eliza A. Liberality and Prejudice, a Novel, 
 1813, 3 vols. 
 
 Coxe, Francis. His Retraction, Lon., 1561. A short 
 Treatise declaringe the detestable Wickednesse of magicall 
 Sciences, Lon., 1561, 8vo. Oyies, Vngents, Emplaisters, 
 and Stilled Waters, 1575, 8vo. 
 
 Coxe, Henry. A Picture of Italy, 1816, 18mo. 
 
 Coxe, John Redman, formerly Prof, of Materia 
 Medica and Pharmacy in the Univ. of Penna. 1. On In 
 flammation, Phila., 1794, 8vo. 2. Importance, fcc. of Me 
 dicine, 1800, 8vo. 3. On Vaccination, 1800, 8vo. 4. On 
 Combustion, <fcc., 1811, 8vo. 5. Amer. Dispensatory, 1827, 
 8vo, <fcc. 6. Refut of Harvey's Claim to the Discovery of 
 the Circulation of the Blood, 1834, 8vo. 7. Appeal to the 
 Public, &c., 1835, 8vo. 8. Agaricus Atramentarius, 1842, 
 8vo. 9. Recog. of Friends in Another World, 1 845, 12mo. ' 
 10. Epit. of Hippocrates and Galen, 1846, 8vo. 11. Crys 
 tallization ; Ann. Philos., 1815, vi. 101. Edited : 12. Phila. 
 Med. Museum, 1805, 6 vols. 8vo; New Ser., 1811, 1 vol. 
 8vo. 13. Emporium of Arts and Sciences, [continued by 
 Thomas Cooper, M.D.,] 1812, 5 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Coxe, Leonard. See COCKES. 
 
 Coxe, Margaret, a native of Burlington, New Jersey. 
 Claims of the Country on American Females, Phil., 2 vols. 
 12mo. Botany of the Scriptures. Wonders of the Deep. 
 Young Lady's Companion and Token, 12mo. 
 
 " A series of Letters replete with the faithful monitions and pre 
 cepts a good mother, or, rather, an affectionate elder sister, would 
 urge on those under her care." S. J. HALE : Woman's Record. 
 
 Coxe, Nehcmiah. Heresies, &c, in Thomas Collier's 
 Body of Divinity, confuted. Discourses of the Covenants : 
 wherein Circumcision as a Plea for Psedo-Baptism is in 
 validated, Lon., 1681, 8vo. 
 
 Coxe, Peter. Social Day, a Poem with 32 engravings. 
 Lon., 1823, 8vo. 
 
 " A poem of no merit." LOWNDES. 
 
 This beautiful volume contains engravings after Wilkie, 
 Stothard, Smirke, Cooper, Hills, &c. The exquisite plate 
 of the Broken Jar, by Wilkie, engraved by Warren, has 
 been sold for 3 3*. 
 
 Coxe, R. C. Lectures on Miracles, Lon., 1832, 12mo. 
 Lent Lectures, 1836, 12nio. Advent Lectures, 1845, 8vo. 
 Church Subjects, Newc., 1851, 8vo. Poems, 1845, p. 8vo. 
 Practical Serins. Wood Notes and Musings, 1848, p. 8vo. 
 
 Coxe, Richard S. Reports of Cases, in S. Court, N. 
 Jersey, 1790-95, Burling., 1816, 8vo. Decisions in the S. 
 C., C. C., and D. Courts of the U. States, Phila., 1829, 8vo. 
 This work is the result of great labour, well employed. 
 
 Coxe, Tench, of Philadelphia, Commissioner of the 
 Revenue, d. 1824, aged 68. 1. Address on American Manu 
 factures. 2. Inquiry into the Principles of a Commercial 
 System for the United States, 1787. 3. Examination of 
 Lord Sheffield's Observations on the Commerce of the United 
 Provinces, 1792, 8vo. 4. View of the U. States of Ame 
 rica, in a series of papers written 1787-94, Phila., 1794, 
 8vo ; Lon., 1795, 8vo. 5. Thoughts on Naval Power, and 
 the Encouragement of Commerce and Manufactures, 1806. 
 5; r?j n l%? Cultivation, Trade, and Manufacture of 
 Cotton,1807. 7. Memoir on a Navigation Act, 1809. 8. State- 
 ment of the Arts and Manufactures of the U. States 1814 
 
 Coxe, Thomas. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1667. 
 
 Coxe, Thomas. Serms., 1709, '12, '26, '27. Magna 
 Britannia et Hibernia, antiqua et nova : or a new Survey 
 of Great Britain, Lon., 6 vols. 4to, 1720-31 ; 1738. Coun 
 ties which have not been elsewhere particularly described 
 
 Lincolnshire, Suffolk, Shropshire, Yorkshire are noticed 
 in these volumes. 
 
 442 
 
 Coxe, William, 1747-1828, one of the most useful of 
 modern historical writers, was a native of London ; Fellow 
 of King's College, 1768; Curate of Denham, 1771; Rec 
 tor of Bemerton, 1788 ; Canon-Residentiary of Salisbury, 
 1803; Archdeacon of Wilts, 1805. He was also Chaplain 
 of the Tower. He made several excursions on the Conti 
 nent, in company with young members of the nobility, and 
 pub. the result of his observations to the world. 1. Sketches 
 of the Natural, Civil, and Political State of Switzerland, 
 Lon., 1779, 8vo. See No. 6. 2. Account of the Russian 
 Discoveries between Asia and America, <fec., 1780, 4to; 2d 
 edit, 1780, (supplet. pub. in 1787; see No. 5;) 3d edit., 
 1787; 4th edit, enlarged, with maps, 1804, 8vo. 
 _ " This work is interesting, not merely from the particular sub 
 ject which the title indicates, but also on account of the sketch it 
 contains of the conquest of Siberia, and of the Russian commerce 
 with China." STEVENSON: Voyages and Travels. 
 
 "This work confirmed the literary reputation of its author, and 
 from the time of its first appearance it has been esteemed one of 
 the most valuable sources of knowledge on the subject of Northern 
 Europe. Some of the earlier portions were submitted to Dr. Ko- 
 bertson, the historian, who carefully revised them." Lon. Quar. 
 Review. 
 
 " Mr. Coxe's book contains many curious and important facts 
 with respect to the various attempts of the Russians to open a 
 communication with the New AVorld." DR. ROBERTSON. 
 
 3. Account of the Prisons and Hospitals in Russia, Swe 
 den, and Denmark, 1780, 8vo. 4. Travels in Russia, Po 
 land, Sweden, and Denmark, 1784, 2 vols. 4to; vol. iii., 
 1790, 4to; 2d edit, 1787, 5 vols. 8vo; 3d edit, 1802, 5 vols. 
 8vo] 4th edit, 1803, '04, 3 vols. 4to. 
 
 " Coxe's Tour has lost little of its value by time. The sterling 
 ore of the matter preserves it, and though it has been distilled, 
 and hashed up into a hundred subsequent works, there is always 
 a freshness in the original relation which literary piracy cannot 
 successfully counterfeit." SIR EGERTON BRYDGES. 
 
 " The substantial merits of this work are well known." STEVEN 
 SON : Voyages and Travels. 
 
 5. A Comparative view of the Russian Discoveries, with 
 those made by Captain Cook and Clerke : and a Sketch of 
 what remains to be ascertained by future Navigators, 1787, 
 4to. See No. 2, to which this work is supplementary. 
 
 6. Travels in Switzerland and in the country of the Gris- 
 sons, 1789, 3 vols. 8vo. This may be called an enlarged 
 edit of No. 1. 
 
 " These travels were performed in 1776, and again in 1785 and 
 1787, and bear and deserve the same character as the author's tra 
 vels in Russia, &c. Mr. Coxe gives a list of books in Switzerland 
 at the end of his 3d volume, which may be consulted with advan 
 tage. There is a similar list at the end of his travels in Russia, 
 &c." STEVENSON : Voy. and Trav. 
 
 7. Letters to Dr. R. Price upon his Discourse on the Love 
 of our Country, 1790, 8vo. 8. Expl. of the Catechism, 
 1792, 8vo. 9. Of Confirmation, 1793, 8vo. 10. Gay's Fa 
 bles, with Life and Notes. 11. Letter to the Countess of 
 Pembroke on the secret tribunals of Westphalia, 1796, 8vo. 
 
 12. Memoirs of the Life and Administration of Sir Robert 
 Walpole, Earl of Orford, 1798, 3 vols. 4to. The State Pa 
 pers which accompany these Memoirs are most valuable 
 to the historian. 
 
 "A more judicious and instructive biographical work, or one 
 more satisfactory to every rational desire of knowledge, is not found 
 in English literature. It combines in a remarkable degree the 
 exact and dispassionate inquiry which forms the great merit of 
 compiled history, with the lively circumstantial illustration which 
 belongs to contemporary narrative, or that drawn from recent tra 
 dition. It would be superfluous to dwell longer on a book with 
 which no accurate reader of English history can permit himself to 
 be unacquainted." Lon. Quar. Review. 
 
 Mr. Pitt remarked that he had never formed a just ap 
 preciation of the character of Sir Robert Walpole and his 
 Administration, before he had perused Mr. Coxe's work. 
 
 13. Biographical Anecdotes of Handel and C. J. Smith, 
 1799, 4to. This vol. contains some of Smith's music never 
 before pub. 14. A Serm. on the excellence of the British 
 Jurisdiction, 1799, 8 vo. 15. Historical Tour in Monmouth 
 shire; with upwards of 80 engravings, by Sir R. Colt Hoare, 
 1801, 2 vols. 4to. Abridged by the author's sister, 1802, 
 sm. 8vo. 
 
 " One of Coxe's most agreeable works, and may be ranked among 
 the most elegant and interesting publications extant on British 
 Topography." Lon. Quarterly Rev. 
 
 This valuable work contains much local history and 
 many interesting biographical anecdotes. This is a de 
 partment Topography in which Americans will long 
 have to envy their elder brethren. 16. Memoirs of Ho 
 ratio, Lord Walpole, 1802, 4to. This may be considered 
 as supplementary to No. 12. 17. Vindication of the Celts, 
 1803, 8vo. 18. History of the House of Austria, 1218- 
 1792, 1807, 3 vols. 4to; 2d edit, 1820, 5 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., 
 1847, 3 vols. sm. Svo. 
 
 " The House of Austria has in particular received due homage 
 and respect from the labours of J. P. Kraft and Mr. Archdeacon 
 Coxe." DR. DIBDIN : Lib. Comp. 
 
COX 
 
 " Coxe's House of Austria must be diligently read," &c. Smyth's j 
 Le,ct. on Mod. Hist., q. v. 
 
 19. Essay on the Epist. of Ignatius, 1807, 8vo. 20. The 
 Literary Life and Select Works of Benj. Stillingfleet, 1811, 
 3 vols. 8vo. Vol. i. contains the Life; ii. and iii. S.'s 
 Poetry, Tracts on Nat. Hist., and Prof. Martyn's Observa 
 tions. 
 
 " The value cf these original.and truly curious extracts cannot 
 fail to be appreciated by every person conversant with the subject. 
 Mr. Stillingfleet's llemarks on Agricultural Writers are particu 
 larly valuable. His Works will now attain the rank in every Li 
 brary to which they are so justly entitled." Lon. Gent. Mag. 
 
 21. Memoirs of the Kings of Spain of the House of 
 Bourbon, 1700-88, 1813, 3 vols. 4to ; 2d ed., 1815, 5 vols.Svo. 
 
 " In Mr. Coxe's House of Bourbon every subject that I have 
 now alluded to is treated very fully. His work is in many places 
 entertaining, and is on the whole a valuable accession to our his 
 torical information." PROF. SMYTH : Lect. on Mod. Hist. 
 
 22. Letter on Tithes, 1815, 8vo. 23. A Sermon, 1817, 
 4to. 24. Memoirs of John, Duke of Marlborough, with 
 his original Correspondence, 1818, '19, 3 vols. 4to; 2d ed., 
 1820, 6 vols. 8vo ; new edit., revised by John Wade, 1848, 
 3 vols. sm. 8vo, and an Atlas in 4to. One of the large 
 paper copies of the first edit, had the two portraits of the 
 Duke taken on satin. This copy was marked 30 in a 
 bookseller's catalogue. 
 
 " To write the Life of Marlborough is to write the history of the 
 reign of Queen Anne; and it is impossible for any one to judge 
 properly of this part of our annals, without a diligent perusal of 
 this very entertaining and valuable work." PROF. SMYTH : Lect. on 
 Mod. Hist. 
 
 25. Private Correspondence of Charles Talbot, Duke of 
 Shrewsbury, 1821, 4to. 26. Sketches of the Lives of Cor- 
 reggio and Parmegiano, 1823, 8vo. 27. Memoirs of the 
 Administration of the Right Hon. Henry Pelham, 1829, 
 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 " The late Archdeacon Coxe has terminated his long and useful 
 literary course by a work which adds largely to our stores of au 
 thentic information. ... He has executed his task with no less 
 diligence and fidelity than he displayed while in the full enjoy 
 ment of earlier vigour." British Critic. 
 
 " These Memoirs have lately acquired a new title to attention, 
 (if such a work needed any casual incident to enhance its value.) 
 by the publication of Lord Orford's lively letters to Sir Horace 
 Mann, where a great part of the small talk embodied in Walpole's 
 Memoirs, and of which Mr. Coxe's History is the best correction, 
 reappears in a lighter form." Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 " I have now then only to refer the student to Mr. Coxe's Me 
 moirs of the Pelham Administration, and to request that he will 
 depend on this regular and authentic account of an important 
 period in our annals, not only while he wishes to know the trans 
 actions that belong to it, but the character of the ministers and 
 parliamentary leaders by which it was distinguished. In no other 
 way can he derive a proper idea of the merits of Mr. Pelham, Lord 
 Hardwicke, and, above all, of the Duke of Newcastle." PROF. 
 SMYTH : Lect. on Mod. Hist. 
 
 We notice a set of Coxe's Historical Works and Travels, 
 24 vols. imp. 4to, all on large paper, in Mr. H. G. Bohn's 
 Catalogue for 1841, elegantly bound in red morocco by 
 Lewis, priced 84. The same enterprising publisher has 
 recently issued in his excellent STANDARD LIBRARY, cheap 
 edits, of several of the works of this author: see ante. 
 Here is an opportunity for both long and short purses. 
 Let no historical student fail to secure these invaluable 
 volumes in some form, for, as Dr. Aikin well remarks, 
 
 " He who wishes to understand intimately the politics of the 
 two last reigns must consult the volumes of Mr. Coxe: the future 
 historian will refer to them with confidence and gratitude." 
 Annual Review. , 
 
 " The biographical labours of MR. ARCHDEACON COXE are consi 
 derable in extent, and meritorious in quality ; and, as they appear 
 to my judgment, are likely to be yet more appreciated by posterity 
 than in the present times." DR. DIBDIN: Lib. Comp. 
 
 Coxeter, Thomas, 1689-1747, a native of Lechlade, 
 Gloucestershire, was educated at Magdalen School and 
 Trinity College, Oxford. He collected some of the mate 
 rials used in what is styled Cibber's Lives of the Poets, 
 assisted Ames in his Typographical Antiquities, and aided 
 Theobald in his black-letter researches, when the latter 
 was preparing his edit, of Shakspeare. Some of his MSS. 
 were used by Warton in his History of English Poetry. 
 He pub. in 1739 an edit, of Baily's, or rather Hall's, Life 
 of Bishop Fisher, first pub. in 1655. He was the originator 
 of the scheme adopted by Dodsley of publishing a collec 
 tion of Old English Plays. He also pub., in 1710, a poem 
 supposed to be his own, entitled Astrea Licrimans, to the 
 memory of Sir John Cook, and in 1759 an edit, of Mas- 
 singer's Works appeared, said to be "revised, corrected, 
 and the editions collated, by Mr. Coxeter." 
 
 " We talked of a collection being made of all the English poets 
 who had published a volume of poems. Johnson told me 'that 
 a Mr. Coxeter, whom he knew, had gone the greatest length towards 
 this; having collected, I think, about five hundred volumes of 
 poets whose works were but little known ; but that upon his death 
 Tom Osbourhe bought them, and they were dispersed, which he 
 thought a pity, as it was curious to see any series complete ; and 
 
 CRA 
 
 in every volume of poems something good may be found.' " Bos- 
 well's Johnson. 
 
 It should be mentioned to Dr. Johnson's credit, that he 
 often afforded aid to Coxeter's daughter, who was left in 
 needy circumstances hy her father's death. Coxeter was 
 secretary to an English Historical Society, and he con 
 templated the publication of an edit, of the Dramatic 
 Works of Thomas May. See a notice of him in Nichols's 
 Literary Anecdotes, and in the Gent. Mag. for 1756. 
 
 Coyte, B., M.D. Con. to Med. Trans., 1785. Hortus 
 Botanicus Gippovicensis, Ipswich, 1796, 4to. Index Plan- 
 tarum, vol. i. 1808, 8vo. 
 
 Coyte, Joseph William. A Cockney's Rambles in 
 the Country, 1811, 12mo. 
 
 Coyte, Tobias. Fifteen Serms., 1762, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Coyte, William. Serm., Norw., 1710, 12mo. 
 
 Cozens, Dr. Mercurius Ecclesiasticus, 1645, 4to. 
 
 Cozens, Alexander, d. 1786, a drawing-master in 
 London, born in Russia. 1. 32 Species of Trees, 1771. 
 2. Landscapes, 1785. 3. Nature. 4. Principles of Beauty 
 relative to the Human Head, with 19 Plates by Bartolozzi; 
 Letter Press in English and French, 1778, imp. fol. 
 
 " A work very ingenious, but somewhat fanciful." DR. WATT : 
 Bill. Brit. 
 
 Cozens, Charles. Adventures of a Guardsman, 
 Lon., 1847, 12mo. 
 
 Cozens, Samuel. Biblical Lexicon of 2500 names 
 and places, Lon., 1848, 12mo. 
 
 Cozens, Zachariah. 1. A Tour through the Isle 
 of Thanet, 1794. 2. The Margate Hoy. 3. A Poem. 
 Con. to Gent. Mag. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. 
 
 Cozzens, Fred. S., b. 1818, in New York City. 1. 
 Prismatics, N. York, 1852. 2. Stone House on the Sus- 
 quehanna. 3. Sparrowgrass Papers, 1856, 12mo. A work 
 full of wit and humour. 4. Acadia; or, A Sojourn among 
 the Blue Noses, 1858, 12mo. Ed. The Wine-Press; a 
 Monthly devoted to the interests of American vine- 
 planters and wine-makers. 
 
 Cozzens, Issachar, b. 1781, Newport, R.I., uncle 
 of the preceding. Geological History of New York Island, 
 N.Y., 1843, 8vo. 
 
 Crabb, George, of Magdalen College, Oxford, d. 
 
 1854. 1. Universal Historical Dictionary, 1825, 2 vols. 
 4to. 2. Dictionary of General Knowledge, 5th ed., by 
 Rev. H. Davis, 1853, cr. 8vo. 3. Universal Technological 
 Dictionary, 1823, 2 vols. 4to. 4. English Synonymes, 3d 
 ed., 1824, 8vo; 1826, 4to; pub. in N. York, 10th ed. from 
 the folio edit., 1852, 8vo. 
 
 " A valuable addition to the philological treatises which we pos 
 sess." British Critic, Oct. 1823. 
 
 " As an etymologist, Mr. Crabb seems to have some dictionary- 
 knowledge of many languages; but to be unacquainted with the 
 philosophy, or history even, of language in general. . . . However, 
 with all this apparent incompetency for the office of Synonymist, 
 Mr. Crabb has most industriously brought together a mass of ma 
 terials and observations, which, under judicious selection, in more 
 skilful hands, may, hereafter, essentially contribute to the service 
 of English literature." Lon. Quarterly Rev., xxv. 
 
 " It is wished that some such work as the Abbe Girard's Syno- 
 nimes Francoises were undertaken for our tongue. Nothing would 
 contribute more to precise and elegant writing." Blair's Lectures. 
 
 5. German Grammar for Englishmen, 12mo. 6. Eng 
 lish Grammar for Germans. 7. Extracts from Germ. Au 
 thors j 7th ed. by Tiarks, 1841, 12mo. 8. Germ, and Eng. 
 Conversationists ; 9th ed. by Bernays, 1846, 12mo. 9. New 
 Pantheon, or Mythology of All Nations, 1847, 18mo. Like 
 all Mr. Crabb's works, most useful and instructive. 
 
 Crabb, George. 1. Conveyancer's Assistant, 3d ed., 
 Lon., 1845, 2 vols, 8vo; 4th ed., by J. T. Christie, Lon., 
 
 1855, 2 vols. 
 
 " Mr. Christie has not only ably revised this Fourth Edition of the 
 late Mr. Crabb' s work, but very materially improved it by amend 
 ing, and in many cases curtailing, the length of the original pre 
 cedents, and adapting them to the established forms of the present 
 day." Lon. Legal Observer. 
 
 " No lawyer will feel his library to be complete without it." 
 BeWs Messenger. 
 
 2. Law of Real Property, 1846, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. Hist, of 
 the English Law, 1829, 8vo; 41st Am. ed., Burling., 1831, 
 8vo. This is founded upon Reeves's Hist, of the English 
 Law. 4. Digest and Index of the Statutes, <fcc., Lon., 
 1841, '47, 4 vols. r. 8vo. 
 
 "A work of immense labour, most carefully and satisfactorily 
 stated." Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 Crabb, Habakkuk, 1750-1794. Serms., Camb., 
 1796, r. 8vo. 
 
 "A valuable addition to the stock of English Discourses." HCGH 
 
 WORTHINGTON. 
 
 Crabb, John. Poem, 1704; ditto, 1719, Oxf., fol. 
 Crabb, Maria J. Tales for Children, 1807, 12mo. 
 Crabb, Roger. The English Hermite ; or Wonder of 
 this Age, Lon., 1655, 4to ; reprinted in HarL Miscell., vol. iv. 
 
CRA 
 
 CRA 
 
 Crabbe's Report of Cases in D. C. U. States for the 
 E. District of Penna., 1836-46, chiefly before the Hon 
 Joseph Hopkinson, Phila., 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Crabbe's Reports are extremely well done. The style 
 pood, the fects of the cases well stated, and the syllabus carefullj 
 abstracted." See Amer. Law Regis., June, 1853. 
 
 Crabbe, George, 1754-1832, a native of Aldborough 
 Suffolk, was the son of a collector of the salt-duties, wh( 
 placed him as an apprentice with a surgeon, which pro 
 fession the future author for a time adopted. Meeting 
 with but little success, and having become enamoured of 
 authorship, he determined to seek his fortune in London 
 which he had already visited as a medical student. A 
 poetical address to the monthly reviewers, entitled, The 
 Candidate, profited him but little either in pocket or repu 
 tation, and the res angusta domi if the term may be ap 
 plied to a poet's garret stared him in the face with a most 
 threatening aspect. In this emergency he made unsuc 
 cessful applications for relief to Lord North, Lord Shel- 
 burne, and Lord Chancellor Thurlow. The latter was 
 subsequently more gracious to him, and presented him 
 with 100, and two years later with two small livings. 
 But at the earlier period of which we speak, he would 
 have been desolate and destitute indeed, had it not in a 
 happy moment occurred to him to make known his case 
 to that exalted character EDMUND BURKE, a name never 
 to be mentioned without reverence nor thought of without 
 admiration and esteem. His written application will be 
 found in the Life of the poet by his son, and several letters 
 to Mr. Burke are pub. in the Correspondence of the latter. 
 In our memoir of this distinguished statesman and philo 
 sopher, we have quoted an eloquent tribute by Crabbe to 
 the virtues of his generous benefactor, and we have such 
 delight in recording any thing to the honour of this illus 
 trious man, that we cannot withhold from the reader the 
 enthusiastic eulogy of the grateful child of the deeply 
 obliged author: 
 
 " He went into Mr. Burke's room, a poor young adventurer, 
 spurned by the opulent, and rejected by the publishers, his last 
 shilling gone, and all but his last hope with it: he came out vir 
 tually secure of almost all the good fortune that, by successive 
 steps, afterwards fell to his lot his genius acknowledged by one 
 whose verdict could not be questioned his character and manners 
 appreciated and approved by a noble and capacious heart, whose 
 benevolence knew no limits but its power that of a giant in in 
 tellect, who was, in feeling, an unsophisticated child a bright ex 
 ample of the close affinity between superlative talents and the 
 warmth of the generous affections. Mr. Crabbe had afterwards 
 many other friends, kind, liberal, and powerful, who assisted him 
 m his professional career; but it was one hand alone that rescued 
 him when he was sinking." 
 
 By the assistance of this true friend, who took him un 
 der his own roof, Crabbe was enabled to prepare himself 
 for admission to holy orders. He was ordained deacon in 
 1781 and priest in 1782. After officiating for a time as 
 curate to the rector of Aldborough, he became, by the in 
 fluence of Mr. Burke, chaplain to the Duke of Rutland, 
 and took up his residence at Belvoir Castle. In 1783 
 Lord Thurlow presented him with two small livings in 
 Dorsetshire. He now felt at liberty to marry the object 
 of his early affections Sarah Elmy who was removed by 
 death in 1813. In this year he had in the meantime held 
 several rectories and curacies the Duke of Rutland gave 
 him the living of Trowbridge in Wiltshire, to which the 
 incumbency of Croxton, near Belvoir, was subsequently 
 added. Here he lived for the rest of his life, a useful, 
 respected, and beloved parish priest, occasionally relieving 
 his pastoral duties by a visit to his literary friends in 
 London, who admired the poet, esteemed the man, and 
 revered the priest In 1822 he paid a visit to Sir Walter 
 Scott, in Edinburgh. We now come to the consideration 
 of his writings. The Poem of the Library was pub. in 
 1781, 4to, and met with a flattering reception. Two years 
 later appeared The Village, which confirmed his literary 
 reputation, and made the obscure priest one of the most 
 noted m an age of great names. Both of these poems had 
 before publication received the benefit of the revision of 
 Mr. Burke and The Village had passed under the critical 
 eye of Dr. Johnson : 
 
 Mr " 
 
 _.. .. v..,. 6 ,ua,i, vigorous, and elegant, 
 alterations which I have made I do not require him to 
 adopt, for my lines are perhaps not often better than his own; 
 but he may take mine and his own together, and perhaps between 
 them produce something better than either. He is not tothS 
 his copy wantonly defaced. A wet sponge will wash all the red 
 lines away, and leave the page clear. 
 
 The dedication will be least liked. It were better to contract it 
 into a short, sprightly address. I do not doubt Mr. Crabbe's suc 
 cess." Dr. Johnson to Sir Joshua Reynolds. 
 
 Scenes so graphically described, appealing to the ex- 
 
 perience of so many, could not be otherwise than widely 
 read. Those who read extracts in the journals were not 
 satisfied until they had procured the volume, and the au 
 thor felt his position to be no longer doubtful. The News 
 paper appeared in 1785 ; The Parish Register in 1807; 
 The Borough in 1810; Tales in Verse in 1812; and his 
 last publication Tales of the Hall in 1819. He sold this 
 work, and the unexpired term of his former copyrights, to 
 Mr. Murray for the handsome sum of 3000. We should 
 not omit to mention, that two years before the publication 
 of the last-named work, Mr. Crabbe pub. a Sermon on the 
 Variation of Public Opinion as it respects Religion. In 
 delineating the homely everyday scenes of common Eng 
 lish life in depicting the tenants of the lowly cottage, the 
 rude hut, the parish workhouse, and the jail perhaps 
 Crabbe has never been surpassed. His command of 
 language and facility in rhyme are remarkable, and 
 without being free from diffusiveness, there is often an 
 epigrammatical terseness in his lines which delights even 
 a careless reader. Horace Smith calls him "Pope in 
 worsted stockings," but Horace said many things in his 
 wit which he would have repudiated in his wisdom. One 
 of the most eloquent criticisms upon Crabbe's writings with 
 which we are acquainted will be found in Cunningham's 
 Biog. Hist, of England. We give a brief extract : 
 
 " The severity of Crabbe's muse consists in a faithful portraiture 
 of nature. If man is not always happy, it is not the poet's fault. 
 There is too much of sober reality in lite to make the picture other 
 than it is. This Crabbe knows, for he writes of scenes under his 
 own observation. He lived amidst the people he describes, felt 
 their occasional joys, and saddened over their many misfortunes. 
 But in his gloomiest character he never ' oversteps the modesty 
 of nature.' He does not accumulate horrors for effect. He has no 
 extravagant and unnatural heroes pouring forth their morbid sen 
 timent in his pages. There is no sickly affectation, but a pure and 
 healthy portrait of life of life it may be in its unhappiest, but in 
 its least artificial, development, where society has done little to 
 alter its rough uneducated tones, where the actual feelings and 
 passions of man may be traced at every footstep." Vol. viii. 420. 
 
 Gifford, referring to the affecting story of the village girl 
 betrothed to the sailor, in The Borough, remarks : 
 
 " Longinus somewhere mentions, that it was a question among 
 the critics of his age, whether the sublime could be produced by 
 tenderness. If this question had not been already determined, 
 ihis history would have gone far to bring it to a decision." 
 
 Allan Cunningham hardly agrees with the critic quoted 
 above : 
 
 " Crabbe is a cold and remorseless dissector, who pauses with the 
 streaming knife in his hands, to explain how strongly the blood 
 s tainted, what a gangrene is in the liver, how completely the 
 sources of health are corrupted, and that the subject is a bad one. 
 
 . . Deliver us from Crabbe in the hour of depression ! Pictures 
 of moral, and mental, and bodily degradation, are frequent through 
 all his works ; he is one of Job's chief comforters to the people." 
 Biog. and Crit. Hist, of Lit. 
 
 We quote an able criticism on Crabbe from an eminent 
 authority : 
 
 " Mr. Crabbe is the greatest mannerist, perhaps, of all our living 
 >oets ; and it is rather unfortunate that the most prominent features 
 of his mannerism are not the most pleasing. The homely, quaint, 
 and prosaic style the flat, and often broken and jingly versifica- 
 ion the eternal full-lengths of low and worthless characters 
 with their accustomed garnishing of sly jokes and familiar mo 
 ralizing are all on the surface of his writings ; and are almost 
 unavoidably the things by which we are first reminded of him, 
 vhen we take up any of his new productions. Yet they are not 
 he things that truly constitute his peculiar manner, or give that 
 iharacter by which he will and ought to be remembered with fu- 
 ure generations. It is plain, indeed, that they are things that 
 will make nobody remembered and can never, therefore, be 
 eally characteristic of some of the most original and powerful 
 joetry that the world ever saw. 
 
 "Mr. C., accordingly, has other gifts; and those not less pecu- 
 iar or less strongly marked than the blemishes with which they 
 ire contrasted an unrivalled and almost magical power of ob 
 servation, resulting in descriptions so true to nature as to strike 
 us rather as transcripts than imitations an anatomy of character 
 and feeling not less exquisite and searching an occasional touch of 
 manly tenderness and a deep and dreadful pathetic, interspersed 
 ay fits, and strangely interwoven with the most minute and humble 
 )f his details. Add to all this the sure and profound sagacity of 
 he remarks with which he every now and then startles us in the 
 midst of very unambitious discussions; and the weight and terse 
 ness of the maxims which he drops, like oracular responses, on 
 >ccasSons that give no promise of such a revelation; and last, 
 hough not least, that sweet and seldom-sounded chord of lyrical 
 nspiration, the lightest touch of which instantly charms away 
 11 harshness from his numbers and all harshness from his themes 
 and at once exalts him to a level with the most energetic and 
 ventive poets of his age." LORD JEFFREY. 
 
 Read articles in Edin. Review, xii. 131, xvi. 30, xx. 277, 
 
 xxxii. 118, Ix. 131; Lon. Quar. Rev., 1. 468, Hi. 97; Blackl 
 
 wood's Mag., v. 469; N. American Rev., xxxix. 135. An 
 
 edit, of Crabbe's Works was pub. in 7 vols. fp. 8vo, Lon., 
 
 822 ; 1823, 5 vols. 8vo, and r. 8vo. Life, with his Letters 
 
 nd Journals, by his son; new edit., 1838, fp. 8vo. New 
 
 dit. of his Life and Poetical Works, edited by his son. 
 
CRA 
 
 1847, 1 vol. r. 8vo. Poetical Works, with his Letters and 
 Journals, 1847, 8 vols. fp. 8vo ; Works, <fec., 5 vols. 8vo ; 
 also in 1850 and 1851. The Life, by the son of the poet, 
 has been highly commended. 
 
 " We never read a more interesting piece of biography it is so 
 unaffected, and we are sure so faithful, that we now feel as well 
 acquainted with the man as we have hitherto been with the poet." 
 Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 Crabtree, Wm. Observations Ccelestes, '1672, 4to. 
 
 Crabtree, Wm. Funeral Serm., Leeds, 1780, 8vo. 
 
 Cracherode, Rev. Clayton Mordaunt, 1729- 
 1799, educated at Christ Church, Oxford, was conspicuous 
 for his taste in books, pictures, <fcc., and for his noble Li 
 brary and collection of curiosities, which were bequeathed 
 to the British Museum. Three specimens of his excellent 
 Latin poetry will be found in the Carmina Quadragesi- 
 malia, for the year 1748, and an account of the author and 
 his books is recorded by Dr. Dibdin in the Bibliographical 
 Decameron. Also see Gent. Mag., vol. lix., and Sims's 
 Hand Book to the Library of the British Museum. 
 
 " He was a splendid star in the old school of bibliography from 
 the time of the sale of Askew's library to the day of his death 
 which latter event took place about eight or nine years after the 
 dispersion of the Pinelli collection." Dibdin" s Bibliog. Decameron, 
 iii. 329. 
 
 Cracklow, C. Views of Churches in Surrey, Lon., 
 1827, 4to. This should accompany Britton and Brayley 's 
 Hist, of Surrey. 
 
 Cracknell, Benj., D.D. Theolog. treatises, 1794- 
 1806. 
 
 Craddock,Francis.Revenue without Taxes,1661,4to. 
 
 Cradock, John, Archbp. of Dublin. Serm. before 
 the Univ. of Cambridge, 1739 ; H. of Commons, 1752 ; 
 Fast S., 1758. 
 
 Cradock, Joseph. Tour in Wales, Lon., 1770, 12mo. 
 Zobeide ; a Trag., 1771, 8vo. Account of parts of N. Wales, 
 1777, 12mo. Literary and Misc. Memoirs and some of the 
 author's writings, 1826-28, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "Anecdotes of many distinguished political, literary, and thea 
 tric characters of the 18th century, travels in parts of Europe, and 
 reprints of several of the author's tracts and plays." LOWNDES. 
 
 Cradock, Samuel, 1620-1706, a Nonconformist di 
 vine, Fellow of Emanuel College, Oxford, Rector of North 
 Cadbury, ejected, 1662. 1. Knowledge and Practice, Lon., 
 1659, 8vo. 
 
 "I know of no book so well adapted to help a young minister." 
 ORTON. 
 
 " One of the best systems of divinity which a plain man can 
 read." BOGUE. 
 
 " Much instruction is condensed." 
 
 2. Harmony of the Four Evangelists, 1668, fol. This 
 was revised by Archbishop Tillotson. 
 
 "In the seventeenth century it was deservedly held in the 
 highest estimation ; though it is now superseded by later and more 
 critical works." T. H. HORNE. 
 
 3. The Apostolical History, 1672, fol. 4. The Old Testa 
 ment History Methodized, 1683, fol. ; in Latin, at Leyden, 
 1685, 8vo. Superseded by the labours of Stackhouse and 
 Townsend. 5. Exposition of the Revelation, 1692, 8vo. 
 
 " Superseded by later and better works." T. H. HORNE. 
 
 " Anti-millenarian, but evangelical." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 6. Gospel Liberty. 7. A Catechism. 
 
 " Cradock's three volumes are very readable : the two last on 
 the New Testament are much better than the first on the Old. His 
 extracts in the margin from Hammond, Lightfoot, and Grotius 
 are very judicious; and I think, on the whole, I never read any 
 one author that assisted me more in what relates to the New Tes 
 tament." DR. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 Cradock, Thomas, d. 1760, Rector of St. Thomas's, 
 Baltimore county, Maryland. Two Serms., 1747, 8vo. 
 Trans, of Buchanan's Latin Psalms into Eng. Verse, 1754, 
 
 Cradock, Walter, d. 1660, a Puritan divine, travelled 
 in Wales, and excited great interest in religion by his ser 
 mons. To this day in some parts of Wales professors of 
 religion are called " Cradocks." Serms., 1646, 4to. Gospel 
 Liberty, 1646, 4to. Divine Drops, 1650, 4to. Gospel-holi- 
 nesse, 1651, 4to. Works, Chester, 1800, 8vo. 
 
 "His works excel in clearness of doctrine, especially in the 
 grand article of Christian righteousness. The author discovers a 
 great simplicity of manner as a preacher, with much energy and 
 loving zeal." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 Cradock, William, D.D. Serms., 1713, '18, 8vo. 
 
 ^Cradock, Zachary, D.D., 1633-1695. Serms., 1678, 
 
 1706, '42. Two of his serms., one on Providence, and one 
 
 on the Design of Christianity, have been greatly admired. 
 
 Cradocke, Edward. The Shippe of Assured Safetie. 
 Discourse of. God's Providence, Lon., 1571, 16mo. 
 
 Cradocot. Sermon, Lon., 1663, 4to. 
 
 Craford, Earl of. Speech, Lon., 1641, 4to. 
 
 Crafordius, Matt. Latin treat, on the Sabbath, 
 1669, 8vo. 
 
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 Crafts, William, 1787-1826, a native of Charleston, 
 S. Carolina, and for some time editor of The Charleston 
 Courier. He attained considerable distinction as a law 
 yer. Poems, Essays, and Orations, with a Biog. Memoir, 
 Charleston, 1828. See Kettell's Spec. American Poetry, 
 ii. 144. 
 
 Crafurdins, Thomas. See CRAUFURD. 
 
 Crafurdius. See CRAUFORD. 
 
 Crag, John. A Prophecy concerning the Earl of 
 Essex that now is, 1641, 4to. 
 
 Cragge, John. 1. G. Britain's Prayers in the time 
 of dangerous Contagion, 1641, 4to. 2. Against Anabap- 
 tism, 1656, 8vo. 3. Cabinet of Spirituall Jewells, in Eight 
 Serms., 1-657. 4. The Royal Prerogative, fcc., and a Serm., 
 1661, 8vo. 
 
 Craghead, Robert. Answer to a discourse of Bp. 
 King, Edin., 1694, 4to. 
 
 Craig, A. R. 1. Corporal Punishments in Schools, 
 Lon., 1844, 8vo. 2. Philosophy of Training, 1847, 12mo. 
 
 " Worthy of attention ; for its purpose is not only to obviate the 
 necessity of normal schools for teachers, but to afford better guides 
 to the mode of teaching languages, so as to abridge the time em 
 ployed in attaining them, and to enable the learner to gain them 
 with more ease and accuracy." Lon. Gent. Mag. 
 
 Craig, or Craige, Alexander. Poeticall Essayes, 
 Lon., 1604, 4to. Amoroso Songs, Sonets, and Elegies, 
 1606, 12mo. Poeticall Recreations, Aberd., 1623, 4to. 
 
 Craig, Edward. Jacob, or Patriarchal Piety, 1826, 
 12mo. Sermons, 1828, 12mo. 
 
 "The grand doctrines of the gospel are jere brought promi 
 nently forward, and established by clear and appropriate testimo 
 nies from the sacred volume. We feel as we read these sermons 
 the kindling ardour of a devotional spirit." Lon. Cong. Mag. 
 
 Craig, James, 1682-1744, a native of East Lothian, 
 one of the most popular preachers in Edinburgh. Divine 
 Poems. Serms., Edin., 1732-38, 3 vols. 8vo. Greatly ad 
 mired ; very scarce, and should he republished. 
 
 Craig, John, 1512 F-1600, a preacher of the Reforma 
 tion in Scotland, wrote the celebrated National Covenant, 
 and partly compiled The Second Book of Discipline. A 
 Short Summe of the whole Catechism, Edin., 1581, 8vo. 
 So rare, that a copy in a bookseller's catalogue some yeara 
 back, was priced 8 8s. Reprinted, Lon., 1591, 8vo. 
 
 Craig, John, a Scotch mathematician. Theologise 
 Christianaa Principia Mathematica, Lon., 1699, 4to; Leip- 
 sic, 1755. In this he attempts to prove that the Christian 
 religion will last only 1454 years from the date of his book, 
 unless the second coming of Christ prevent its extinction. 
 Abbe" Hautville refuted his arguments in his Christian Re 
 ligion proved by facts. Craig pub. several mathematical 
 treatises, and some papers in Phil. Trans., 1698-1712. See 
 Chalmers's Biog. Diet., and Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Craig, John. Origin of the Distinctions of Rank, 
 by Prof. Millar, with account of his life and writings, 
 Edin., 1806, 8vo. Remarks on Doctrines in Political 
 Economy, 8vo. Elements of Political Science, 1814, 3 
 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Craig, John. New Universal Etymological, Tech 
 nological, and Pronouncing Dictionary of the English 
 Language, with an Essay on Language, Lon., 1852, 2 vols. 
 8vo. 
 
 " Partaking, from the copiousness of its explanations, and the 
 number of words, of the character of an Encyclopaedia. It con 
 tains a vast mass of important information on Natural History and 
 Science." 
 
 Craig, R. D., and T. J. Phillips. Reports of 
 Cases in H. C. of Chancery, 3 Viet., 1840, '41, Lon., 1842, 
 8vo. R. D. C. and J. W. Mylne's Reports in Chancery, 
 1835-41, 5 vols. r. 8vo, 1837-48. 
 
 Craig, Rev. Robert. Refutation of Popery, Lon., 
 2 vols. 8vo. Theocracy, or the Principles of the Jewish 
 Religion and Polity adapted to all Nations and Times, 
 1848, p. 8vo. 
 
 " An excellent treatise, written with clearness and vigour." 
 Edinburgh Advertiser. 
 
 Craig, Sir Thomas, of Riccarton, 1548-1608, an 
 eminent lawyer and antiquary, a native of Edinburgh. 
 Poemata, Edin., 1603, 4to; et inter Delit. Poet. Scotar., 
 Amst., 1637, 8vo. Jus Feudale, tribus Libris comprehen- 
 sum, left in MS. by the author, edited and pub. by Robert 
 Burnet in 1655, fol. The 2d edit, was enlarged by Mencke- 
 nius : the last edit, was improved by the notes and cor 
 rections of James Baillie, Edin., 1732, fol. ; Lon., 1766, 
 4to; Lipsiae, 1716, fol. Other edits, and translations. It 
 illustrates the Feudal Law as applied in Scotland. 
 
 " A lasting monument of the extraordinary learning of its great 
 author." BISHOP NICOLSON : Hist. Lib. 
 
 " Craig has taken little pains to search into the antiquities of 
 our law. It was not the practice in his days either for historians 
 or lawyers to dip into records ; and our author appears to be better 
 
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 acquainted with the Feudal history of other countries, which 
 might be learned from books, than with the Feudal history of his 
 own country, which must be gathered from records." LORD KAMES : 
 Statute Law of Scotland. 
 
 "Craig's is a work of authority all over Europe." See Moreri ; 
 and Laing's Hist, of Scotland. 
 
 Scotland's Sovereignty asserted; being a dispute con 
 cerning Homage, Lon., 1695, Svo. 
 
 "An elaborate treatise, proving that the kings of Scotland never 
 paid nor owed any homage to those of England." BISHOP NICOL- 
 SON: Hist. Lib. 
 
 The Right of Succession to the Kingdom of England, 
 Lon., 1703, fol., answered by W. Atwood. Craig was au 
 thor of some Latin poems, which have been highly ad 
 mired. See an Account of his Life and Writings by Pat 
 rick Fraser Tytler, Edin., 1823, Svo; and see Lowndes's 
 Bibl. Manual. 
 
 " Sir Thomas Craig is known in every enlightened country in 
 Europe and his Latin Poems have been mentioned in commenda 
 tory terms by critical writers." IRVINE. 
 
 Craig? Thomas. Sermon, Lon., 1821, 8vo. 
 
 Craig, W. Marshall. Study of Nature in drawing 
 Landscape, Lon., 1703, 4to. He attacks Gilpin's principles 
 of drawing. Craig pub. several other works on painting, 
 drawing, Ac. 
 
 Craig, William, D.D., 1709-1783, of St. Andrew's 
 Church, Glasgow. Essay on the Life of Christ, Edin., 
 1767, 12mo. Discourses, Edin., 1775, 3 vols. 12mo ; new 
 edit., 1808, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Habitually pious, ardently devout, and deeply interested in 
 the welfare of those who listened to his instruction, he delivered 
 himself with genuine and becoming earnestness." PROF. RICHARD- 
 SON, in Biog. Brit. 
 
 Craigie, David, M.D. Elements of the Practice of 
 Physic, Edin., 1837-40, 2 vols. 8vo. Elements of General 
 and Pathological Anatomy, 2d edit, Edin., 1847, 8vo, 
 pp. 1088. 
 
 "A volume which may he perused with pleasure and advantage, 
 both by the non-professional man of science and the practical ana 
 tomist." Lancet. 
 
 See "Anatomy," in Encyc. Brit., 7th edit 
 
 Craigie, J., and J. S. Stewart. Reports of Cases 
 decided in the H. of Lords under Appeal from Scotland, 
 1720-53, being a continuation of RolMfftuxa'ji Reports, 
 Edin., 1825, 8vo. 
 
 Craik, George Lillie, b. 1799, in Fifeshire, son 
 of a schoolmaster, settled in London in 1824; Prof. Eng 
 lish Literature and History, Queen's College, Belfast, since 
 1849. From the commencement to the close of the Penny 
 Cyclopedia he was one of its most valuable contributors 
 in history and biography, and is one of the most useful 
 writers of the day. 1. Romance of the Peerage, Lon., 
 1848-50, 4 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " We believe there are few literary men in England who are so 
 well acquainted with this subject as the present author." Jer- 
 rolds Newspaper. 
 
 2. Bacon : his Writings and his Philosophy, 3 vols. ISmo. 
 Highly commended : see notice in Lon. Athenaeum, &c. 
 3. Spenser and his Poetry, 3 vols. 18mo. 4. Paris and its 
 Historical Scenes, 2 vols. 18mo. 5. Evils of Popular Tu 
 mults, illustrative of the Evils of Social Ignorance, 18mo. 
 6. History of British Commerce from the Earliest Time 
 to the Present Day, 3 vols. 18mo. 
 
 "To the merchant, the capitalist, the manufacturer, the trades 
 man, to all who are desk-ous of knowing by what means England 
 has arrived at her present state of commercial greatness and pros 
 perity, we recommend this work as the cheapest and by far the 
 best mode of obtaining the desired information." Lincoln Stan. 
 
 7. History of Literature and Learning in England, from 
 the Earliest Time to the Present Day, 6 vola. in 3, 18mo, 
 1844, '45. 
 
 "An invaluable text-book to all students of English literature." 
 Lon. Critic. 
 
 8. The Pursuit of Knowledge under Difficulties, (3 vols. 
 18mo;) a new edit., to which is added Female Examples, 
 
 (2 vols. 18mo,) 5 vols. in 2, 1845-47. 
 
 "A body of examples, full of anecdotes and interest, to show how 
 an ardent desire for knowledge has been able to triumph over the 
 most unpropitious circumstances. A pleasant book, worthy of 
 being accepted by all thoughtful women and honourable men." 
 Lon. Athe.ncEum. 
 
 9. Outlines of the Eng. Language, 1851, 12mo. Mr. Craik 
 and Charles Macfarlane were the principal contributors to 
 Knight's invaluable Pictorial History of England, 8 vols. 
 euper-roy. 8vo. See ANDREWS, J. PETTIT. 
 
 "Scrupulous accuracy, unwearied research, and sound criticism, 
 united with an ardent desire for the safe and gradual advance of 
 all that may practically improve the condition of society, are the 
 leading characteristics of Mr. Craik's writings." Kniaht's Enn 
 Cyc., Div. Biog., vol. ii. 
 
 Crakanthorpe, Richard, D.D., 1569-1624, Fellow 
 of Queen's College, Oxford, 1598. Defensio Ecclesise Ang- 
 licanae, Ac., Lon., 1625, 4to. 
 
 446 
 
 " Which book was held to be the most exact piece for controversy 
 since the time of the Reformation." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Dr. C. also wrote A Defence of Justinian, 1616, 4to ; of 
 Constantino, 1621, 4to; Popish Falsifications, 1607; A 
 Treatise of the 5th Genl. Council at Constantinople, 553, 
 1631, fol. ; and some sermons, <fcc. See Athen. Oxon. 
 
 " Dr. Crakanthorpe's Defensio gives the best account of most 
 Popish controversies." 
 
 In his Treatise of the 5th General Council he contends, 
 in opposition to Baronius and Binnius, that the Pope's 
 apostolical constit and definitive sentence in matter of 
 faith was condemned as heretical by the Synod. 
 
 Crakelt, W. Trigonometry, <fcc. 
 
 Cralle, Richard K., of South Carolina. Life and 
 Works of John C. Calhoun, N.Y., 6 vols. 8vo. See p. 327. 
 
 Cramer, J. A. Catenae Graecoruui Patrum in Novuni 
 Testamentum, Oxon., 1838-44, 8 vols. Svo. Ancient Greece, 
 3 vols. Svo. Italy, 2 vols. Svo. Asia Minor, 2 vols. Svo. 
 Study of Modern History, 1843, Svo. Cramer and Wick- 
 ham's Dis'sert on the Pass, of Hannibal over the Alps, 
 1828, Svo. 
 
 "A scholar-like work of first-rate ability." Edin. Review. 
 
 Crammoud, H., M.D. Outlines of Human Life, 1787, 
 Svo. 
 
 Crammond, Robt. and H., M.D. A Letter to the 
 National Assembly of France, 1790, 4to. 
 
 Cramp, J. M. Text Book of Popery, Dubl., 1831, 
 12rno; enlarged, Lon., 1S39, Svo; 3d ed., 1851. 
 
 "A complete exposure of the imposture of the Papal religion by 
 authorities the most unexceptionable, the most decisive, the most 
 condemning." MENDHAM : Memorials of the Council of Trent. 
 
 Lectures for these Times, 1844, 12mo. 
 
 Crampton, Philip, M.D. Profess, treatises, Lon., 
 1805, '13. 
 
 Cranch, Rev. C. P., b. 1813, in Alexandria, District 
 of Columbia, is a son of JUDGE WILLIAM CRANCH, (q. v.) 
 He pub. a vol. of poems in 1844, (Phila., 12mo.) See spe 
 cimens in Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America. The 
 Last of the Huggermuggers, Bost, 1856, 12mo. Kob- 
 boltozo; a Sequel to the above, 1857, 12mo. 
 
 Cranch, John. Wills, by W. Langworth, 1794, Svo. 
 Fine Arts, 1811, 4to. 
 
 Cranch, Judge Richard, 1726-1811, a native of 
 England, resided for 61 years at Brain tree, near Quincy, 
 Massachusetts. He pub. his Views of the Prophecies con 
 cerning Antichrist. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet 
 
 Cranch, Judge William, 1768-1S54, son of the 
 above. Reports of Cases in Sup. Court U.S., Aug. 1801, 
 to Feb. 1815, 9 vols. in 8, Washington, 1804-17 ; N. York, 
 1812, Svo. 
 
 "The period taken in by Judge Cranch is perhaps the most 
 momentous and lustrous in our judicial history." Hoff. Leg. Stu., 
 421, q.v., et 413, 560, 569; Story's Prom. Notes. 
 
 Cranch, W., and Richard Cox, Condensed Reports Su 
 preme Court U. States, Washington, 1835, Svo. Reports 
 of Cases in U. States Circuit Court of the District of Co 
 lumbia, 1801-41, 6 vols. Svo. 
 
 "The extensive jurisdiction, civil and criminal, original and 
 appellate, of the tribunal whose decisions are here reported, the 
 long period covered by the volumes, the interest and variety 
 of the subjects adjudicated by the court, and the great research 
 which characterizes its most important decisions, concur to 
 render this publication in the highest degree desirable to the 
 community." 
 
 Crandolph, A. J. Mysterious Hand, 1811, 3 vols. 
 12mo. 
 
 Crandon, John. Baxter's Aphorisms, Lon., 1654, 4to. 
 
 Crane, John, M.D. Nottington M. Water, Lon., 
 1790, Svo. 
 
 Crane, Ralph. The Workes of Mercy, both corporal 
 and spirituall; A Poem, Lon., 1621, 8vo. Sykes's sale, 
 9 10. 
 
 Crane, Thomas, of Lancashire. A Prospect of Di 
 vine Providence, Lon., 1672, sm. Svo. Has only the ini 
 tials, T. C. 
 
 "A valuahle work." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Serm. at Funeral of Rich'd Sherlock, D.D., 1690, 4to. 
 
 Crane, Thomas. Theolog. treatises, Ac., 1772, '74, 
 '86. Poet. Works of Wm. Smith, D.D. Life and Writings, 
 1788, Svo. 
 
 Crane, Wm., Jun., M.D. Con. to Phil. Mag., 1814, 
 '15 ; Chemical Affinity ; the Nature of Light. 
 
 Craner, Henry. Sermons, 1749, '63. 
 
 Craner, Thomas. Sermon, Lon., 1766, Svo. 
 
 Cranfield, Thomas. An Harmony of the Gospels, 
 Dubl., 1795, fol. 
 
 " It contains much accurate research, and much useful informa 
 tion." DRS. GRAVES AND BARRETT. 
 
 " The testimony of two scholars of such eminence is entitled to 
 the greatest deference and respect." ORME : Bibl. Bib. 
 
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 Cranford, James. The Teares of Ireland, Lon., 
 1642, 12mo. Bindley sale, 13 13. ; Nassau ditto, 17. 
 Sermon on Heresies, 1646, 4to. 
 
 Crank, W. H. Theory and Practice of Arithmetic, 
 Lon., 1843, 12mo. 
 
 " Many rules not generally known are introduced in this work." 
 
 Cranley, Thomas. Amanda, 1635, 4to. Reed, vi. 
 728 ; Bindley, i. 2195, 5 17. Qd. ; Steevens, 1051. 
 
 Cranmer, George. New Church Discipline, 1641, 4to. 
 
 Cranmer, Thomas, D.D., 1489-1556, a native of 
 Aslacton, Nottinghamshire, was entered of Jesus College, 
 Cambridge, in 1503, became a Fellow, 1510, '11 j D.D., 
 1523. The concurrence of his opinions with the desires 
 of Henry VIII. in the matter of his divorce from his bro 
 ther's widow gained him the favour of the sovereign, and 
 raised him to the Archbishopric of Canterbury, March 30, 
 1533. Upon the death of Henry he was one of the Council 
 of Regency to Edward VI., and laboured zealously to pro 
 mote the principles of the Reformation. Upon the acces 
 sion of Mary, he was imprisoned as an abettor of the 
 treason of Lady Jane Grey, and also declared guilty of 
 heresy by Pope Pius IV. The melancholy story of the 
 recantation wrung from the bodily infirmities and mental 
 distraction of an old man, goaded by merciless demons in 
 human shape to a state of desperation, is too well known 
 and too painful a theme to be lingered over here. Indeed, 
 the Life of Cranmer belongs to ecclesiastical and political, 
 rather than to literary, history. He passed to heaven 
 through the fires of martyrdom on the 21st of March, 1556, 
 in his 67th year. His writings for an account of which 
 refer to the works cited below greatly tended to the pro 
 motion of the English Reformation. Cranmer's Bible, or 
 the Great Bible, as it is called, was printed by Rychard 
 Grafton and Edward Whitchurch, 1539, fol. The trans 
 lation is Tyndale's and Rogers's, carefully revised through 
 out. Many edits, were printed between 1540-69. A 
 beautiful copy on vellum probably unique formerly the 
 property of Henry VIII., can be seen in the British Mu 
 seum. For an account of Cranmer's Bible, see Lewis, 
 Cotton, Home, Lowndes, &c. The Instruction of a Chris 
 tian Man was pub. in 1537, fol., and Catechismus, a trans, 
 from Justus Jonas, in 1548, Svo. Cranmer wrote some of 
 the Homilies, and various controversial and explanatory 
 treatises. See the following works : Memorials of the Life 
 and Works of Archbishop Cranmer, collected by the Rev. 
 John Strype, Lon., 1694, fol. New ed., Oxford, Clarendon 
 Press, 1812, 2 vols. r. Svo; 50 copies, large paper, imp. Svo; 
 Sykes's sale, 7 10s.; again Oxf., 1840, 2 vols. Svo. Re 
 mains ; collected and arranged by the Rev. H. Jenkins, 
 Oxf., 1S33, 4 vols. Svo. Writings and disputations relative 
 to the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper. Edited for the 
 Parker Society by the Rev. John Edmund Cox, Camb., 
 1844, imp. Svo. Works ; Miscellaneous Writings and Let 
 ters, edited as above, for the P. S., vol. H., 1846. Writings, 
 see British Reformers, ix. Reprint of Catechismus, Oxf., 
 1839, Svo ; Extracts from E. J. Barrow. Tracts of An 
 glican Fathers, i. 7. Life of Cranmer by William Gilpin, 
 1784, Svo. Life of, by Charles Webb Le Bas, 1833, 2 vols. 
 sm. Svo. Also see Burnet, Fox, and Biog. Brit. Nor must 
 we forget Archdeacon Todd's Vindication of Cranmer 
 against Lingard, Milner, and Butler, 1825, '26 ; Reply to 
 Dr. Lingard's Vindication of his Hist, of England,, 1827 ; 
 and Life of Archbishop Cranmer, 1831, 2 vols. Svo. This 
 biography is thus highly commended by an eminent au 
 thority : 
 
 " The most impartial and complete historical narration of the 
 life of this celebrated Churchman. By a judicious arrangement, 
 and a pleasing and unprejudiced style. Mr. Todd has rendered his 
 work highly interesting." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 The amiability and ingenuousness of Cranmer's cha 
 racter were so well known, that Shakspeare mentions it as 
 a common saying concerning him : 
 
 "Do my Lord of Canterbury 
 But one shrewd turn, and he's your friend forever." 
 
 Cranston, David, a native of Scotland. Quaestiones 
 in lib. Magist. Martini de Fortitudine, Paris, 1511, fol. 
 Additiones in Moralia Jacobi, Almain. Gourment, 1518, fol. 
 
 Cranwell, Rev. J. The Christiad, a Poem from 
 Vida, 1767. 
 
 Cranwell, L. Bishop and Presbyter equal, 1661, 4to. 
 
 Crashaw. Delays in Religion, Lon., 1653, 4to. 
 
 Crashaw, H. The Bespotted Jesuit, Lon., 1648, Svo. 
 
 Crashaw, Richard, d. 1650 ? son of the Rev. Richard 
 Crasha'w, was a native of London, and educated at the 
 Charterhouse, and Pembroke Hall, Cambridge. In 1637 
 he was Fellow of Peterhouse. Entering the Church, he 
 became distinguished as an eloquent preacher, but was 
 
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 ejected in 1644 for refusing to take the Covenant. He 
 now removed to France, and became a convert to the Ro 
 man Catholic religion. In 1646 Cowley found him in 
 Paris in great pecuniary distress, and secured him the in 
 fluence of Henrietta Maria, whose commendatory letters 
 procured him the posts of secretary to one of the cardinals, 
 and canon of the church of Loretto. Soon after this last 
 promotion he died of a fever, about 1650. In 1634 he pub. 
 ii vol. of Latin poems, in one of which occurs the well- 
 known line sometimes ascribed to Dryden referring to 
 the miracle of the conversion of water into wine : 
 " Nympha pudica Deum vidit et erubuit." 
 The modest water saw its God, and blushed. 
 
 His English Poems, Steps to the Temple. The Delights of 
 the Muses, and Carmen Deo Nostro, were pub. in 1646, 12mo, 
 and 1648, 12mo. Carmen Deo Nostro, te decet Hymnus : 
 Sacred Poems, collected, Paris, 1652,' Svo. Poetry, with 
 some Account of the Author and Introductory Address, by 
 Peregrine Phillips, 1758, 12mo. Poetical Works ; now first 
 completely edited by W. B. Turnbull, 1858, fp. Svo. His 
 poetry consists principally of religious invocations and 
 translations of uncommon merit from the Latin and Italian. 
 His luxuriance of imagination and exquisite facility in 
 the expression of his poetical visions have seldom been 
 surpassed. Among his best-known pieces are Hymn to 
 the Name of Jesus ; Lines on a Prayer-Book ; Music's 
 Duel; the translation from Moschus, Catullus, and of a 
 portion of Marino's Sospetto d'Herode. The latter will 
 remind the reader as forcibly of Paradise Lost as the 
 same author's Elegies on St. Alexis will recall the fervid 
 strains in which Eloisa invokes Abelard. Mr. Hayley con 
 siders that Pope conferred quite as much as he borrowed : 
 
 " If Pope borrowed any thing from Crashaw in this article, it 
 was only as the sun borrows from the earth, when drawing from 
 thence a mere vapour, he makes it the delight of every eye, by giv 
 ing it all the tender and gorgeous colouring of heaven." 
 
 Pope thus announces his favourite pieces in Crashaw's 
 collection : 
 
 " I will just observe that the best pieces of this author are a 
 Paraphrase on Psalm xiii. On Lessius. Epitaph on Mr. Ashton, 
 Wishes to his supposed Mistress, and the Dies Ira." Letter to H. 
 Cromwell, Dec. 17, 1710. 
 
 Crashaw's editor dissents from this opinion : 
 
 "The reader must determine whether Mr. Pope has mentioned 
 the best pieces : on the contrary, whether many much superior 
 are not to be met with in the little work before us ; and if so, what 
 fair reason could there be for such a partial selection." Phittips's 
 Crashaw, p. 22. 
 
 Selden and Cowley were intimate friends of our poet, 
 and the monody in which the latter laments his death has 
 been highly commended : 
 
 " Cowley seems to have had what Milton is believed to have 
 wanted, the skill to rate his own performances by their just value ; 
 and has therefore closed his Miscellanies with the Verses upon 
 Crashaw, which apparently excel all that have gone before them; 
 and in which there are beauties which common authors may justly 
 think not only above their attainment, but above then* ambition." 
 Dr. Johnson's Life of Cowley. 
 
 " Crashaw has originality in many parts, and as a translator, is 
 entitled to the highest applause." Headley's Select Beauties of An 
 cient Eng. Poetry. 
 
 " His translations have considerable merit, but his original po 
 etry is full of conceit." Ellis's Specimens of the Early Eng. Poets. 
 " Poet and Saint ! to thee alone are given. 
 The two most sacred names of earth and heaven. 
 
 How well (blest Swan) did fate contrive thy death, 
 And made thee render up thy tuneful breath 
 In thy great mistress' arms? Thou most divine 
 And richest offering of Loretto's shrine." COWLEY. 
 
 Crashaw, William, father of the preceding, was 
 preacher at the Temple, and was as much opposed to Ro 
 manism as his son was in favour of it. Roman Forgeries, 
 and Falsifications of Authors, Lon., 1606, 4to. Newes from 
 Italy of a second Moses, &c., 1608, 4to; being the life of 
 the Marquesse of Vico, from the Latin of Beza, by W. C., 
 1608, Svo. In this is contained "the story of his admira 
 ble conversion from popery." Fiscus Papalis, 1617, 4to. 
 See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., ii. 468, '69. The Jesuites 
 Gospel, written by themselves, laid open and reproved, 1641, 
 4to. Other theological works ; see Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Crauford, Capt. C. Events of the War, 1756-63, 
 and a Treatise on some branches of the Military Art, trans. 
 Lon., 1787, 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 Crauford, Crawfurd, or Crawford, David, 1665- 
 1726, a lawyer and historiographer of Scotland. Memoirs 
 of the Affairs of Scotland, 1566-81, Edin., 1706, Svo ; 1767, 
 12mo. His veracity has been questioned : see M. Laing's 
 Pref. to his ed. of the Historie and Life of James the Sixth, 
 Edin., 1804, Svo. 
 
 Crauford, George. Treats, on Polit. Econ.,1785-1809. 
 
CRA 
 
 CRA 
 
 Craufurd, Lt. Col. Spanish Life, 1837, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Craufurd. A. Essay on the Development of Func 
 tions, Lon., 1844, 8vo. Verses on various occasions, 1846, 
 12mo. 
 
 Craufurd, Charles H. Serms., Lon., 1840, 8vo. 
 Craufurd, Sir G. W. Examinations on Butler's Ana 
 logy, 3d ed., Lon., 1847, 12mo. 
 
 Craufurd, George. See CRAUFORD. 
 Craufurd, John Ldndesay, Earl of. Memoirs 
 from his own Papers, Ac., Lon., 1769, 12mo. R. Rolt also 
 pub. his Memoirs, 1753, 4to. 
 
 Craufurd, Quintin. Sketches, &c., relating to the 
 Hindoos, 1792, 2 vols. 8vo. A. and M. India, 1817, 2 vols. 
 8vo. Other works. 
 
 Cranfurd, Thomas. Prof, of Philos. and Math, in 
 the College of Edinburgh, in 1646. Locorum Nominum, 
 <fcc. Scotorum historiis, <fcc., emend. C. Irvinis, Edin., 1665, 
 12mo. Notes, <fcc., on Buchanan's Hist, of Scot., 1708, 
 12mo. Hist, of Univ. of Edinburgh, 1580-1646, 1808, 8vo. 
 
 " An extraordinary critick in the history and antiquities of Scot 
 land." BISHOP NICOLSON : Scot. Hist. Lib. 
 
 Craven. See CARLETON, CAPT. 
 
 Craven, Lady Elizabeth. See ANSPACH, MAR 
 GRAVINE OP. 
 
 Craven, Isaac. Sermon, Lon., 1658, 4to. 
 
 Craven, Hon. R. Keppel. Tour through the South 
 ern Provinces of Naples, Lon., 1821, 4to. 
 
 " His work, without pretending to deep science or extensive 
 scholarship, is both entertaining and instructive." Edin. Review. 
 
 Excursions in the Abruzzi and Northern Provinces of 
 Naples, 1838, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " To all those who have ever ' swam in a gondola,' &c. these 
 volumes will be received as welcome." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 Craven, William, 1731-1815, Prof, of Arabic, Cam 
 bridge, educated at St. John's College. Sermons on the 
 Evidence of a Future State of Rewards and Punishments, 
 Ac., Camb., 1776, 8vo. 
 
 " The subject is treated with great perspicuity, and Mr. Hume's 
 objections solidly refuted." BISHOP WATSON. 
 
 Sermon, <fcc., Lon., 1798, 8vo. Discourses, <fec., in An 
 swer to Mr. Hume, Camb., 1802, 8vo. 
 
 " We recommend it, as furnishing a series of important fects and 
 observations, to all ingenious inquirers into the very interesting 
 subject of which it treats." Edin. Review. 
 
 Crawford. The Olive Branch, a Poem, Lon., 1814, 8vo. 
 
 Crawford, Mrs. The Lady of the Bedchamber, Lon., 
 2 vols. p. 8vo. The Double Marriage. 
 
 "A first-rate novel, both as regards purity of style, the interest 
 of the tale, and life-like development of character." Lon. Eve. Post. 
 
 Crawford, Capt. Reminiscences of distinguished 
 Commanders, Lon., 1850, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 "A work which cannot Ml of being popular in every portion of 
 our seagirt isle, and of being read with delight by all who feel inte 
 rested in the right hand of our country its navy." Plymouth 
 Herald. 
 
 Crawford, Col. Ireland's Ingratitude to the Parlia 
 ment of England, Lon., 1643, 4to. 
 
 Crawford, A. Account of Mr. Stern, 1760, 8vo. 
 
 Crawford, Adair, d. 1795, Prof, of Chemistry, Wool 
 wich. Animal Heat, 1779, 8vo. Reviewed by Wm. Mor 
 gan, 1781, 8vo. Tonics; edited by Alex. Crawford, 1817. 
 Phil. Trans., 1790. 
 
 Crawford, Charles. Dissert, on the Phaedo of 
 Plato, Lon., 1774, 8vo. Several polit. and theolog. pub 
 lications, 1776-1811. 
 
 Crawford, G. Drainage Act, Dubl., 1843, 12mo. 
 Crawford, G., and Edw. S. Dix, Cases in Courts of Law 
 and Equity in Ireland, 1837, '38, Ac., Dubl., 1839, 8vo. 
 Cases on the Circuits in Ireland, 1839-42, 2 vols. and 3 
 parts of vol. 3d, Dubl., 1844, 8vo. 
 
 Crawford, George. Discourses, Edin., 1832, 12mo. 
 
 Crawford, George M. The Case of Saunders v. 
 Smith, as to Copyright in Law Reports, Lon., 1839, 8vo. 
 
 Crawford, James, Writer to the Signet, d. 1783. 
 The Decisions of the Court of Session, &c. 
 
 Crawford, James, M.D. Practical Remarks on the 
 Sympathy of the Parts of the Body. 
 
 Crawford, John. Statue to K. William, Ac. 
 
 Crawford, John. 1. Theory of Physic. 2. Causes, 
 
 &C.j 1 f *-}-, >>2,i 
 
 Crawford, John Lindesay, Earl of. See CRAU 
 FURD. 
 
 Crawford, John, M.D. 1. Liver. 2. Muscles,1772,'86. 
 
 Crawford, John. Philosophy of Wealth, 3d edit, 
 Lon., 1847, 8vo. 
 
 Crawford,Patrick. Returne from Poperie, 1627 4to 
 
 Crawford, Robert, d. 1733, gained some celebrity 
 as the author of The Bush aboon Traquair, and the ad 
 mired lyric of Tweedside. He assisted Allan Ramsay in 
 his " Tea Table Miscellanies." 
 448 
 
 " The true muse of native pastoral seeks not to adorn herself with 
 unnatural ornaments ; her spirit is in homely love and fireside 
 joy. tender and simple, like the religion of the land, she utters 
 nothing out of keeping with the character of her people, and the 
 aspect of the soil ; and of this spirit, and of this feeliug, Crawford 
 is a large partaker." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM : see Chambers's Cyc of 
 Eng. Lit. 
 
 Crawford, William, 1676-1742, a Scottish divine, 
 a native of Kelso. Dying Thoughts. Sermons, Lon., 
 1825, 12mo. 
 
 " Dying Thoughts will prove a real friend to the devout reader." 
 
 Crawford, William. 1. Remarks on Lord Chester 
 field's Letters to his Son. 2. Sermon, 1776, '86. 
 
 Crawford, William, D.D., of Straiton, Scotland. 
 Hist, of Ireland in a Series of Letters, Strabane, 1783, 
 2 vols. 8vo. See an unfavourable notice in the London 
 Monthly Review, Ixx. 39, which concludes thus : 
 
 " We are sorry there is no Index. An omission of this kind is 
 particularly inexcusable in a History." 
 
 Or inexcusable in any work which aspires to take a 
 permanent place in literature. "What, even in works of 
 imagination or fancy ?" Yes, even in such. Dr. Johnson 
 advocated an Index for Clarissa, and who would not de 
 light to see one to the Waverley Novels ? Let not this 
 hint be thrown away. Mrs. Clarke has given us an index 
 to Shakspeare let us next have one to Scott. Who will 
 undertake it? Profit and honour await him. We have 
 already expressed ourselves at large upon the Index head : 
 See AYSCOUGH, SAMUEL. Dr. Crawford also pub. a vol. 
 of Sermons, Edin., 1815, 8vo." 
 
 Crawford, William H., and Horatio Marbury. 
 A Digest of the Laws of Georgia, Savannah, 1802, 4to. 
 Prepared under the special authority of the State. 
 
 Crawfurd, Charles. See CRAWFORD. 
 
 Crawfurd, David. See CRAUFURD. 
 
 Crawfurd, Thomas. See CRAUFURD. 
 
 Crawfurd, George. 1. Hist, of the Family of tho 
 Stewarts, 1034-1710, Edin., 1710, fol. New edit, to the 
 present time by W. Semple, Paisley, 1782, 4to. Enlarged 
 and continued to present time by George Robertson, Pais 
 ley, 1818, 4to. A valuable work. 2. The Peerage of 
 Scotland, Edin., 1716, fol. 
 
 "As the first publication on the Peerage of Scotland, this worh 
 is deserving of great praise." 
 
 Lives and Characters of the Crown and State Officers of 
 Scotland, Edin., 1726, fol., vol. i. only pub. 
 
 Crawfurd, John, late British Resident at the Court 
 of the Sultan of Java. 1. Hist, of the Indian Archipelago, 
 Edin., 1820, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "This is a valuable work, particularly in what relates to the 
 actual commerce and commercial capabilities of these islands : it 
 also treats of the manners, religion, language, &c. of the inhabit 
 ants; but on some of these points not with the soundest judg 
 ment, or the most accurate information." STEVENSON : Voy. and 
 Trav. 
 
 Dr. Murray tells us that he was induced to omit a de 
 scription of the Islands of the Indian Archipelago, in con 
 sequence of so "full and interesting a view having been 
 given by Mr. Crawfurd." See Hist. Acct. of Discoveries 
 and Trav. in Asia. 
 
 2. Siam and Cochin China, 1828, 4to; 2d ed., 1830, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "A very valuable contribution to the geography and statistics 
 of the Oriental world, and one of the most interesting narratives 
 we have for some time past been called upon to notice." Lon. 
 Monthly Review. 
 
 3. Court of Ava in 1827, 1829, 4to; 2d ed., 1834, 2 vols. 
 8vo. 
 
 " This, like Mr. Crawfurd's other publications, contains a large 
 store of information, and many sound and judicious remarks on 
 the institutions and manners of the East." Westminster Review. 
 
 " This and the preceding work give not only the latest, but the 
 best and most authentic, accounts of the countries referred to ; 
 and have added most materially to our knowledge of a very large 
 portion of Eastern Asia." McCuixocH : Lit. of Polit. Economy. 
 
 Mr. Crawfurd is also one of the contributors the others 
 are Hugh Murray, Peter Gordon, Capt. Thomas Lynn, and 
 Professors Wallace and Burnett to the excellent account 
 of China, illustrated by Jackson, pub. in 3 vols. sm. 8vo, 
 forming part of Oliver and Boyd's Edin. Cab. Library. 
 
 " The best digest which has yet appeared, adapted to the object 
 In view, that of giving a popular account of the empire of China." 
 Asiatic Journal. 
 
 4. Inquiry into the System of Taxation in India, 8vo. 
 5. Letters on the Interior of India, 8vo. 6. Taxes on Know 
 ledge, 1836, 8vo. The taxes objected to the stamp-duty 
 on newspapers, and the duty on paper were subsequently 
 reduced, the former about 66, and the latter about 50, per 
 cent. ; and the duty on newspapers has also been repealed. 
 7. Grammar and Dictionary of the Malay Language, 1852, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " These volumes are inestimable to the philologist as well as the 
 Eastern traveller and trader." Lon. Examiner. 
 
CRA 
 
 CRE 
 
 Crawskey, John. The Countryman's Instructor, ' 
 Lon., 1636, 4to. The Good Husband's Jewel, York, 1661. 
 
 Crayon, Geoffrey. See IRVING, WASHINGTON. 
 
 Creamer, Hannah G., b. at Salem, Mass. Gift for 
 Young Students. Eleanor. Delia's Doctors, &o. 
 
 Crease, J. Prophecies Fulfilling, 1785, 8vo. 
 
 Crease, Jas. 1. Varnishing. 2. Wood Work, 1800/03. 
 
 Creaser, Thomas. Vaccine Inoculation, 1800, '03. 
 
 Creasy, Edward Shepherd, M.A., b. 1812, at Bex- 
 ley, in Kent, Eng., Prof, of Hist, at Univ. Coll., Lon. 1. 
 Parega : Poems, 1843, r. 8vo. 2. Eton College, Lon., 1848, 
 p. 8vo : see Lon. Lit. Gaz., 1848, 305. 3. Text-Book of the 
 Constitution, 1848, 8vo : see No, 10. 4. Sub Rege Sacerdos : 
 Comments on Bp. Hampden's Case, 1848, 8vo. 5. Eminent 
 Etonians, 1850, r. 8vo. 6. Battle of Waterloo, 1852, 12mo. 
 7. Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World: Marathon to 
 Waterloo, 1852, 8vo; 9th ed., 1858. 8. Invasions and Pro 
 jected Invasions of England from the Saxon Times, 1852, 
 8vo. 9. History of the Ottoman Turks, 1856, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 10. Rise and Progress of the English Constitution, 1856, 
 8vo. This is the 3d ed. of No. 3. 
 
 " An admirable summary of knowledge, which every well-edu 
 cated Englishman ought to possess." Lon. Lit. Gaz. 
 
 Creech, Rev. Thomas, 1659-1701, Fellow of All 
 Souls' College. Trans, of Lucretius, Oxf., 1682, 8vo ; best 
 ed., Glasgow, 1759, 12mo. 
 
 " Creech's Lucretius, the notes included, is a great performance." 
 HARTLEY COLERIDGE. 
 
 Trans, of Horace, 1684. Creech also pub. translations 
 from Theocritus, Ovid, Plutarch, Juvenal, and others. 
 Creech committed suicide, which rash act Jacob ascribes 
 to his splenetic temper. 
 
 But Mr. Malone has proved that Creech had previously 
 exhibited marks of insanity. See Biog. Brit. 
 
 " Creech is a much hetter translator than he is usually supposed 
 and allowed to be. He is a nervous and vigorous writer : and 
 many parts not only of his Lucretius, but of his Theocritus and 
 Horace, (though now decried,) have not been excelled by other 
 translators. One of his pieces may be pronounced excellent ; his 
 translation of the thirteenth satire of Juvenal; equal to any that 
 Dryden has given us of that author." DR. WARTON, an un 
 doubted judge. 
 
 A Step to Oxford an Essay on Creech's Suicide was 
 pub., Lon., 1700, 4to. 
 
 Creech, William, 1745-1815, an eminent bookseller 
 of Edinburgh. Trial of Brodie and Smith, Edin., 1789, 
 4to. Edinburgh Fugitive Pieces, Edin., 1791, 8vo ; new 
 ed., 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Creed, Cary E. Of Pembroke's Statues, 1731, 4to. 
 
 Creed, Wm. 1. Refuter. 2. Sermon. 3. Sermon. 
 Lon., 1660. 
 
 Creffield, Edward. Theolog. treatises, 1711-77. 
 
 Creichton, Capt. John. Memoirs of, from his own 
 materials; drawn up and digested"by Dean J. Swift, 1731. 
 By the Dean's interest in this work, 200 was secured to 
 the aged soldier. See an interesting account of the work 
 in the Lon. Retrosp. Review, v. 238. 
 
 Creigh, Alfred, b. 1810, in Penna. Masonry and 
 Anti-Masonry, 8vo. Analytical Text Book for the Ma 
 sonic Student, 12mo. 
 
 Creighton, H. Ruins of Gour, 1817, r. 4to. 
 
 Creighton, J. C. Acts relating to Insolvent Debtors. 
 Dubl., 1841, 8vo. 
 
 Creighton, James. Origin of true Religion, Lon., 
 1803, 8vo. Fenelon's Dialogues on Eloquence, trans, by 
 Simpson ; new ed., 1808, 8vo. 
 
 Creighton, or Crighton, Robert, 1593-1672, edu- 
 
 ,cated at Trinity College, Cambridge, Bishop of Bath and 
 
 Wells, 1670, trans. Sylvester Syguropolus's History of the 
 
 Council of Florence from Greek into Latin, Hague, 1660. 
 
 Wood states that he had some sermons in print. 
 
 Creighton, Robert, D.D., 1639-1736, son of the 
 above, pub. a vol. of Sermons in 1720. He was quite fa 
 mous for skill in Church Music. The celebrated anthem 
 for four voices, " I will arise and go to my Father," pub. 
 by Dr. Boyce, is the composition of Dr. Creighton. 
 
 Cresner, A. Vindication of, Lon., 1687, 4to. 
 
 Cressener, Drue, D.D. Judgments of God on the 
 R. Catholic Church, Lon., 1689, 4to. Demonstration of 
 the First Principles of the Protestant Applications of the 
 Apocalypse, 1690, 4to. 
 
 " A work full of instruction and copious testimonies from the 
 Romanists." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Cresset, Edward, d. 1754, Bishop of Llandaff, 1748. 
 Serm., Ps. Ixvi. 7, Lon., 1749, 4to : 2 Tim. ii. 9, 1753, 4to. 
 Cressey, or Cressy, Hugh Panlin de, or Sere- 
 
 nus, 1605-1674, a native of Wakefield, Yorkshire, Fellow 
 of Merton College, Oxford, 1626, took holy orders, and 
 
 became chaplain to Thomas, Lord Wentworth, and subse 
 quently to Lucius, Lord Falkland, who promoted him to 
 the deanery of Laughlin, and a canonry of Windsor, which 
 the troubles of the times prevented his enjoying. He 
 travelled in Italy, and in 1646, whilst at Rome, embraced 
 the Roman Catholic religion. He resided for seven or 
 more years in the College of Douay, where he changed his 
 name to Serenus de Cressey. After the Restoration he 
 came to England, and became chaplain to Queen Cathe 
 rine. Shortly before his death he retired to Grinstead in 
 Sussex. 
 
 Examologesis, or a faithful Narrative of the Conversion 
 unto Catholique Unity, of Hugh Paulin, lately Deane of 
 Laghlin in Ireland, and Prebend of Windsore in England, 
 Paris, 1647, sm. 8vo ; 1653, 8vo. The last ed. contains an 
 answer to J. P., author of the preface to Lord Falkland's 
 work on Infidelity. 
 
 "His Examologesis was the golden calf which the English 
 Papists fell down and worshipped. They hrag'd that book to be 
 unanswerable, and to have given a total overthrow to the Chil 
 ling worthians, and book and tenets of Lucius, Lord Falkland." 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 " Among the Catholic writers in the reign of Charles, the Second, 
 none was more distinguished than Hugh Paul Cressy. The fruit 
 of his studies appeared in his Examologesis." CHARLES BUTLER. 
 
 Sancta Sophia, Douay, 1657, 2 vols. 8vo : see BAKER* 
 DAVID. R. C. Doctrines no Novelties, 1663, 8vo. Church 
 Hist, of Brittany, or England, from the beginning of 
 Christianity to the Norman Conquest, Roan, 1668, fol. ; 
 completed only to about 1350. Vol. ii. was unfinished 
 when the author died. This is compiled principally from 
 the Annales Ecclesiae Britannicse of MICHAEL ALFORD, 
 q. v., vols. i. and ii. of Monast. Anglic., the Decem Scrip- 
 tores Hist. Anglicanse,and the collections of DAVID BAKER, 
 q. v., et Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Cressey has been blamed, particularly by Lord Clarendon, 
 for introducing the accounts of so many miracles and 
 monkish stories into this history ; but Wood excuses him 
 as follows : 
 
 " Yet let this be said of him, that for as much that he doth 
 mostly quote his authors for, and leaves what he says to the judg 
 ment of the readers, he is to be excused, and in the meantime to 
 be commended for his grave and good stile, proper for an ecclesias 
 tical historian." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Sixteen Revelations of Divine Love. Fanaticism fana 
 tically imputed to the Catholic Church, by Dr. Stillingfleet, 
 and the imputation refuted and retorted, 1672, 8vo. Ques 
 tion, Why are you a Catholic? with the Answer; Why are 
 you a Protestant? an Answer attempted in vain, Lon., 
 1672, 8vo. Answer to Dr. Stillingfleet's Idolatry practised 
 in the Church of Rome, 1674, 8vo- The Earl of Claren 
 don came to the rescue in a Vindication of Dr. Stilling 
 fleet. This elicited Cressey's Epistle Apologetical to a 
 Person of Honour, touching his Vindication of Dr. Stil 
 lingfleet, 1674, 8vo. Cressey pub. an Answer to Bagshaw, 
 1662, a Letter and Remarks upon the Oaths of Supremacy 
 and Allegiance. Clarendon had been his acquaintance at 
 Oxford, and lamented his change of religion : 
 
 " If we cannot keep him a minister of our church, I wish he 
 would continue a layman in theirs, which would somewhat lessen 
 the defection, and, it may be, preserve a greater portion of his in 
 nocence." Letter to Earle: see State Papers, Oxf., 1773, voL ii. 322, 
 and Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., iii. 1016. 
 
 Cresswell, C. See BARNEWALL, R. V. 
 
 Cresswell, Daniel, D.D., 1776-1844, Fellow of 
 Trinity College, Cambridge. Linear Perspective, Camb., 
 1811, 8vo. Maxima and Minima, 1816, 8vo, 1822. Sphe 
 rics, 1816, 8vo. Sup. to the Elements of Euclid, 1822, 8vo. 
 Treatise of Geometry, 1822, 8vo. Sermons on Domestic 
 Duties, Lon., 1829, 12mo. 
 
 Cresswell, R. N. Cases of Insolv. Debtors, Lon., 
 1830, 8vo. 
 
 Cresswell, Thos. E. Narrative of his Affair with 
 Miss S ce, 1747, 8vo. 
 
 Cresswick. The Female Reader; pieces in prose and 
 verse, Lon., 1781, 12mo. 
 
 Cressy, H. P. de. See CRESSET. 
 
 Cresswell, Jos. Elizabethse Anglise, Reginse Res- 
 ponsio ad Edictum, Roma, 1593, 4to. 
 
 "Written to prove the lawfulness of rising against an heretic 
 prince." LOWNDES. 
 
 Cresy, Edward. Architecture of the Middle Ages 
 of Italy, Lon., imp. 4to. Treatise on Bridges, Vaults, Ac., 
 1839, fol. Analytical Index to Hope's Architecture, Svo. 
 Encyclopaedia of Civil Engineering, Historical, Theoreti 
 cal, and Practical, Illustrated by upwards of 3000 engrav 
 ings on wood, by R. Branston, pp. 1655, Lon., 1847, Svo, 
 3 13. 6d!. 
 
 " An extremely valuable book, filled with information of the 
 most important kind to the young engineer." ion. Artisan. 
 
ORE 
 
 CRI 
 
 Creuze, A. F. B., editor of the Papers on Naval 
 Architecture. Treat, on the Theory and Prac. of Naval 
 Architecture, Edin., 1840, 4to : see Encyc. Brit., 7th edit. 
 
 " One of the best, because the clearest and at the same time most 
 perfectly comprehensive, disquisitions on ship-building." 
 
 Crevecceur, Hector St. John, 1731-1813, b. at Caen, 
 Normandy, of a noble family, settled in America, 1754. 1. 
 Letters from an American Farmer, Phila., 1794; Lon., 1782 : 
 see Edin. Rev., Oct. 1829; AYSCOUGH, SAML. Trans, into 
 French, 2 edits., Paris, 1784, '87. 2. Voyage dans le Haut 
 Pennsylvanie et dans 1'Etat de New York, par un Membre 
 Adoptif de la Nation Oneida, Paris, 1801, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Crewdson, Isaac. A Beacon to the Society of 
 Friends, Lon., 1835, 12mo. 
 
 "An admirable work." LOWNDES. 
 
 Crewe, Charles H. Seven weeks in the West, Lon., 
 1841, 12mo. Doctrine of the N. Test, on Prayer, ISino. 
 The System behind the Age, 1846, 12mo. 
 
 Crewe, Thomas. Nosegay of Moral Philos., Ac., 
 Lon., 1580, Ac. 
 
 Crewe, or Crew, Sir Thomas. Proceedings and 
 Debates in the House of Commons, Lon., 1707, 8vo. 
 
 Creyghton, Robert, D.D. See CREIGHTON. 
 
 Cribb, William. Med. Treatise, Lon., 1773, 8vo. 
 
 Crichton, Alexander, M.D. Mental Derangement, 
 Lon., 1798, 2 vols. 8vo. Table of Diseases, 1805. Tar as 
 a cure for Pulmonary Consumption, 1818. Arnica Mon 
 tana ; the Lichislandicus ; in Med. Jour., vol. x. 
 
 Crichton, Sir A. M. Commentaries on some Doc 
 trines of a dangerous tendency in Medicine, Lon., 1842, 8vo. 
 
 Crichton, Andrew. Converts from Infidelity, being 
 vols. vi. and vii. of Constable's Miscellany. 
 
 " These vols. amply illustrate the truth of Abp. Sharpe's asser 
 tion, that the best evidences of Christianity might be obtained 
 from the death-bed." Loivndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 Koch's Revolutions of Europe ; from the French, 3 vols. 
 18mo. 
 
 " A most useful work, and written with much care." HEEREN. 
 
 History of Arabia, Ancient and Modern, 1848, 2 vols. 
 sm. 8vo. 
 
 " We recommend this able and elaborate work to our readers, 
 as the only one in the English language to which they can refer 
 with the expectation of obtaining satisfactory information on the 
 history and national character of the Arabs." Lon. Monthly Rev. 
 
 Scandinavia, Ancient and Modern ; being a History of 
 Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, by A. Crichton and Henry 
 Wheaton, author of the Hist, of the Northmen, &c., 2 vols. 
 sm. 8vo ; 2d ed., 1848. 
 
 " To the student of our own early records, this work will prove 
 a valuable auxiliary." Asiatic Journal. 
 
 " A complete account of its subject." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 Crichton, James, "The Admirable," can hardly 
 claim much space as an author, but shall not be altogether 
 omitted. His birth has been generally placed in 1551, but 
 Lord Buchan has decided that he was born in August, 
 1560. His lordship also settles upon July, 1582, as the 
 time of his death. He was the son of Robert Crichton, 
 Lord Advocate of Scotland, and was descended by his 
 mother, a Stuart, from King Robert II. After studying 
 at the Perth, and at the University of St. Andrew's, and 
 "acquiring a knowledge of ten languages, and all the 
 sciences when 16 to 20 years of age," (!) he travelled 
 abroad, and visiting Paris, Venice, Rome, <fcc., challenged 
 the Rabbi of the different universities to learned disputa- 
 . tions upon any subject whatever. He was killed, it is 
 ' said, in a rage of jealousy, a lady, of course, being the 
 exciting cause, by Vincentio, his pupil, a son of Gonzaga, 
 Duke of Mantua. Those who would know more of one 
 of the most remarkable characters of history, must con 
 sult the works of Sir Thomas Urquhart, Bayle, Joannes 
 Imperialis, Francis Douglas, Patrick Eraser Tytler, and 
 the article by Dr. Kippis in the Biog. Brit., partially com 
 piled from a MS. drawn up by the Earl of Buchan, for the 
 Society of Antiquaries at Edinburgh. In the Biog. Brit. 
 will be found four Latin Poems, the only literary remains 
 of the Admirable Crichton. 
 
 These will not exhibit him in a very high point of view. 
 Some fancy, perhaps, may be thought to be displayed in the* 
 longest of Jbis poems, which was written on occasion of his ap 
 proach to the city of Venice The other three poems have still 
 
 less to recommend them. Indeed his verses will not stand the test 
 of a rigid examination, even with regard to quantity."-!?^. Brit. 
 
 . C " < !f 1 t ? n 7 as as celebrated for his personal beauty, and 
 his skill in fencing, drawing, and other polite accomplish 
 ments, as for his marvellous erudition. Joannes Imperia- 
 hs, an Italian biographer, cannot say enough in his praise : 
 
 "What can more exceed our comprehension, than that Crich 
 ton, m the twenty-first year of his age, should be master of ten 
 different languages, and perfectly well versed in philosophy, ma 
 thematics, theology, polite literature, and all other sciences? Be 
 sides, was it ever heard, in the whole compass of the globe, that to 
 
 these extraordinary endowments of the mind, should be added a 
 singular skill in fencing, dancing, singing, riding, and in every 
 exercise of the gymnastic art?" 
 
 This is sufficiently high-flown, but Imperialis has not 
 done with us yet; for he goes on to declare that when 
 Crichton died, 
 
 " The report of so sad a catastrophe was spread to the remotest 
 parts of the earth ; that it disturbed universal Nature ; and that 
 in her grief for the loss of the Wonder she had produced, she 
 threatened never more to confer such honour upon mankind." 
 
 The last paragraph is not to be disputed. Certainly the 
 world has since seen no such Phoenix ! We should not 
 omit to mention that Crichton's tract of Epicedium illus- 
 trissimii et reverendissimi Cardinalis Boromsei, Mediolani, 
 1584, 4to so rare that it is asserted there is no other copy 
 known than that in the Sapienza College at Rome was 
 reprinted in 1825 by a distinguished book-collector for pri 
 vate distribution. 25 copies were struck off on paper, and 
 one on vellum. 
 
 Crighton, Robert. See CREIGHTOX. 
 
 Crimmin, D. M. Diss. upon Rhetoric, Lon., 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Crimsall, Richard. Cupid's Solicitor of Love, with 
 sundry Compliments, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 Crine. Management of the Gout, 1758, 8vo. 
 
 Cripps, Henry W. Reports, 1849-50. Laws relating 
 to the Church and Clergy, Lon., 1845, 8vo; 2d ed., 1850. 
 
 " Mr. Cripps has taken the happy via media between too copious 
 and elaborate a Codex of Church Law on the one side, and a vade 
 mecum of it, in a too abstract and narrow consideration, on the 
 other." 3 L. M. N. S. 151. 
 
 Cririe, James, D.D. Scottish Scenery; or Sketches 
 in Verse, Ac., Lon., 1803, 4to. 
 
 Crisp, J. The Conveyancer's Guide, or Law Student's 
 Recreation, a Poem, 3d ed., Lon., 1835, 12mo. Mr. Crisp 
 is a wag. He here teaches the principles of Conveyancing 
 in Hudibrastic verse ! He insists that Poetry is the ori 
 ginal language of the Law ! Every lawyer must have it. 
 
 Crisp, John. Nature of Vision, Lon., 1796, 8vo. 
 
 Crisp, Samuel, son of Tobias. Christ made Sin, 
 Lon., 1691, 4to. New ed., 1832, 2 vols. 8vo. See CRISP, 
 TOBIAS. 
 
 " With much earnestness we recommend this masterly defence 
 of Dr. Crisp, written by his son ; happy such a father, and blessed 
 is such a progeny !" Lon. Gospel Mag. 
 
 Christ Alone Exalted in Dr. Tobias Crisp's Sermons ; in 
 answer to Mr. D. Williams's Pref. to his Gospel Truth 
 stated, Lon., 1693, 4to. 
 
 Crisp, Samuel. Two Theolog. Letters, Lon., 1795,8vo. 
 
 Crisp, Stephen, a Quaker. Charitable Advice, Lon., 
 1688, 4to. Serms. or Declarations, 1693, '94, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 A Word in due season, 4to. 
 
 Crisp, Tobias, D.D., 1600-1642, a native of London, 
 studied at Eton and Cambridge, and afterwards removed 
 to Baliol College, Oxford. He became Rector of Brink- 
 worth, "Wiltshire, in 1627. In 1642 he removed to London 
 to escape "the insolencies" of the Cavaliers, who disliked 
 his puritanical principles and republican tendencies. 
 
 "Where [in London] his opinions [Antinomian] being soon dis 
 covered, he was baited by 52 opponents in a grand dispute concern 
 ing freeness of the grace of God in Jesus Christ to poor sinners, 
 &c. By which encounter, which was eagerly managed on his part, 
 he contracted a disease that brought him to his grave." Athen. 
 
 Surely 52 opponents were too much for a mortal man ! 
 Some good old bishop used to say that when a man en 
 gaged in controversy, he might bid adieu to peace. If, 
 then, one disputant can rob us of peace, 52 would soon fin 
 ish the most robust ! The principal parties in this contro 
 versy were Williams, Edwards, Lorimer, <fcc. against Crisp, 
 and Chauncey Mather, Lobb, <fcc. on his side. Crisp left 
 them to carry on the war he died in 1642 and it was 
 maintained for seven years. After his death 14 of his 
 serms. were pub. under the title of Christ Alone Exalted, 
 1643, 8vo; 17 serms. do., 1644, 8vo; 11 serms. do., 1646; 
 2 serms. do., 1683, 8vo. Christ made sin, Lon., 1691, 4to. 
 New ed., with Explanatory Notes and a Memoir by Dr. 
 Gill, 1832, 2 vols. 8vo. See an account of this celebrated 
 controversy in Bogue's Hist, of the Dissenters, and in Nel 
 son's Life of Bishop Bull. See CRISP, SAMUEL, ante. The 
 Dr. seems to have been a most excellent man, however 
 erroneous may have been his views. 
 
 " His life was so innocent and harmless from all evil, so zealous 
 and fervent in all good, that it seemed to be designed as a practical 
 confutation of the slander of those who would insinuate that his 
 doctrine tended to licentiousness." LANCASTER. 
 
 " He was much followed for his edifying manner of preaching, 
 and for his great hospitality." NEAL. 
 
 " One of the first patrons of Calvinism run mad." Bogue and 
 Bennett's History of the Dissenters. 
 
 "Crisp's statements are not scripturally guarded, and their ten 
 dency is to weaken the abomination of sin." BICKERSTETH : Chris 
 tian Student. 
 
 " Crisp's works, with explanatory notes by Dr. GUI, have in them 
 
CRI 
 
 CRO 
 
 a singular mixture of excellence and faults. What is exception 
 able arises chiefly from unqualified expressions, rather than from 
 the author's main design." DR. E. WILLIAMS : Christian Preacher. 
 
 Crispe, Samuel, of Bungay. Serm., Lon., 1686, 4to. 
 Crispe, Thomas. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1682, 
 '94, '97. 
 
 Crispin, Gilbert, d. 1114 or 1117, a noble Norman, 
 was brought to England by Lanfranc, who made him Abbot 
 of Westminster, which dignity he is said to have enjoyed 
 for 32 years until his death. Two of his works were 
 printed. 1. De Fide Ecclesia contra Judaeos ; vide Sancti 
 Anselmi opera, fol., Parisiis, 1721, pp. 512-544. 2. Vita 
 B. Herluini Beccensis abbatis primi et conditoris; vide 
 Acta Sanctorum, <&c., Paris, 1701, fol. 
 
 " Most of the treatises ascribed by Cave and others to Gilbert 
 Crispin belong to other persons of the name of Gilbert." Wright's 
 Biog. Brit. Lit. ; q. v. et Leland, Bale, Pits, Tanner. 
 
 Cristall, Ann Batten. Poetical Sketches, Lon., 
 1795, 8vo. 
 
 "These sketches possess considerable merit." WaWs Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Crittenden, S. W. Treatise on Book- Keeping, Phila., 
 r. 8vo, and school edit., Phila. 
 
 " The elementary portion is simple, clear, comprehensive, and 
 gradually progressive; and the whole work is of a pre-eminently 
 practical character." 
 
 Croce, Giovanni. Musica Sacra, 1608, 6 Pts. "For 
 a full, lofty, and sprightly vein he was second to none." 
 See Peacham's Compleat Gentleman. 
 
 Crocker, Abr. Theological, educational, and other 
 works. Elements of Land-Surveying, 1805, 12mo; new 
 ed., by T. G. Bunt, 1842, p. 8vo. 
 
 Crocker, Hannah Mather, grand-daughter of the 
 Rev. Dr. Cotton Mather, (post,) and widow of Joseph 
 Crocker, of Taunton, Mass. 1. Letters on Free Ma 
 sonry, 1815; with a Preface by Thaddeus Mason Harris, 
 D.D., who urged the republication of these letters, which 
 originally appeared in a newspaper in 1810. 2. The 
 School of Reform : Seaman's Safe Pilot to the Cape of 
 Good Hope, by the Seaman's Friend. 3. Observations on 
 the Rights of Woman, 1818. This vol. is dedicated to 
 Miss Hannah More. Mrs. Crocker drew up a statement 
 respecting the history of Madam Knight, the schoolmis 
 tress of Dr. Benjamin Franklin, (see p. 1040, post,) which 
 can be seen in the library of the Antiquarian Society of 
 Worcester, Mass. See Bost. Living Age, No. 735, June 
 26, 1858. 
 
 Crocker, Zebulon. Catastrophe of the Pres. Church, 
 1838, 12mo. 
 
 Crocket, G. F. H. Abolition of Cap. Punishment, 
 Georgt., Kentucky, 1823. 
 
 Crockett, Col. David. Exploits in Texas, 12mo. 
 Tour Down East, 12mo. Autobiography, 12mo. Sketches 
 and Eccentricities of. Song Book. 
 
 Crockett, H. C. The American in Europe: parts 1 
 to 18, Lon., 1850, 4to. 
 
 Crocus, anglice CROKE. 
 
 Croft, Mrs. Ankerwick Castle; a Nov., Lon., 1800, 
 4 vols. 
 
 Croft, G. The Christian Instructor, Lon., 1825, 12mo. 
 
 Croft, George, D.D., 1747-1809, Fellow of Univ. Col 
 lege, Oxford. Theolog. works, Lon., 1784-1811. Eight 
 Serms. at the Bampton Lecture, 1786, Oxf., 1786, 8vo. 
 
 Croft, Sir Herbert, d. 1622, became a R. Catholic at 
 the age of 52, and entered the monastery of the English 
 Benedictines at Douay, where he resided until his death. 
 1. Letters persuasive to his Wife and Children in England 
 to take upon them the Catholic Religion. 2. Arguments, 
 &c._ 3. Reply to the Answer of his daughter, (Mary,) 
 which she made to a paper of his, Douay, circa 1619, 12mo. 
 Eight copies printed. See Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Croft, Herbert, D.D., 1603-1691, son of the preced 
 ing, was educated at the English College at St. Omer's, 
 returned to England in 1622, abjured Romanism, and en 
 tered the Church of England. Prebendary of Salisbury, 
 1639; Dean of Hereford, 1644 ; Bishop of Hereford, 1691. 
 The Naked Truth ; or the True State of the Primitive 
 Church, Lon., 1675, 4to. The object of this book was to 
 prove that Protestants agree in essentials and should che 
 rish a spirit of unity. 
 
 " It drew the eyes of all that could look upon it. It was a divine 
 manifestation of a primitive Christian spirit of love." EDWARD 
 PEARSE : The Conformist's Plea for Nonconformists. 
 
 Quite a controversy was excited upon the subject. Among 
 others, Dr. Francis Turner attacked the Bishop, and An 
 drew Marvell defended him. See Athen. Oxon. Serms., 
 1674, 8vo. Animadversions on Dr. Burnet's Theory of the 
 Earth, 1685, 4to. Legacy to his Diocese, or a short deter 
 mination of all controversies we have with the Papists by 
 God's Holy Word; being three serms. on John v. 39, <fcc. 
 
 The title of the above indicates the zeal of the bishop on 
 behalf of the Protestant cause. He takes pains to reaffirm 
 his principles in the preamble to his Will : 
 
 "I do in all humble manner most heartily thank God, that he 
 hath been most graciously pleased, by the light of his most holy 
 gospel, to recall me from the darkness of gross errors and popish 
 superstitions into which I was seduced in my younger days, and 
 to settle me again in the true ancient Catholic and Apostolic faith, 
 professed by our Church of England, in which I was born and bap 
 tized, [his father embraced Romanism after his son's birth,] and in 
 which I joyfully die." See Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Brit.; Salmon's 
 Lives of the Bishops. 
 
 Croft, Sir Herbert, 1751-1816, of the same family 
 as the above, a native of London, was educated at Univer 
 sity College, Oxford, and afterwards studied law at Lin 
 coln's Inn. In 1782 he took holy orders, and in 1797 he 
 succeeded to a baronetcy. A Brother's Advice to his Sis 
 ters, 1775, 12mo. Love and Madness, 1780, sm. 8vo. This 
 was founded upon the murder of Miss Ray, by Hackman. 
 Fanaticism and Treason, 1780, 8vo. The Literary Fly, 
 1780. Other works. In 1792 he issued proposals for an 
 enlarged edit, of Johnson's Dictionary, with 20,000 words 
 added and errors corrected. To be pub. in four large folios 
 at 12 12s ! We have the original prospectus before us, 
 and a curious affair it is. The work was never completed. 
 He wrote the life of Young, in Johnson's English Poets. 
 The Doctor thus honourably mentions his assistant: 
 
 " The following Life was written, at my request, by a gentle 
 man who had better information than I could easily have ob 
 tained; and the publick will perhaps wish that I had solicited 
 and obtained more such favours from him." 
 
 See Boswell's Johnson, and Memoir of Croft in Gent. 
 Mag., May, 1816, p. 470, and Deo. 4, p. 487. 
 
 Croft, John. 1. Wines, 1787, York, Svo. 2. Scrap- 
 eana; Fugitive Miscellany, 1792, Svo. 3. Excerpta An- 
 tiqua, 8vo. 4. Annotations on Plays of Shakspeare. 
 (Johnson and Steevens's ed.,) 1810, Svo. 
 
 Croft, Robert. Loyal Officer, Lon., 1663, 4to. 
 
 Croft, Robert? Terrestrial Paradise; in verse and 
 prose, 1639. 
 
 Croft, Thomas. Funl. serm., Lon., 1711, Svo. 
 
 Croft, William, Mus. Doc., 1677-1727, a celebrated 
 composer of Cathedral Music, organist of Westminster 
 Abbey. Divine Harmony, 1712, anon. Musicus, fcc., 
 1715. Musica Sacra, 1724, 2 vols. fol. This beautiful work 
 is the first that was stamped on pewter plates and in score. 
 Vol. 1st contains the Burial Service, left unfinished by 
 Purcell. See Hawkins's History of Music ; Burney's ditto. 
 
 Crofton, Dennis. Genesis and Geology ; or an in 
 vestigation into the reconciliation of the modern doctrines 
 of Geology, with the declarations of Scripture ; with an 
 Introduction by Edward Hitchcock, D.D., LL.D., Boston, 
 1853, 16mo, pp. 100. 
 
 Crofton, Zachary, d. 1672? a native of Ireland, ob 
 tained the living of St. Botolph, Aldgate, London ; rejected 
 for Nonconformity, 1662. He pub. a number of theolog. 
 (controversial) and other treatises, 1660-63. His Dis 
 course of Patronage appeared in 1675. 
 
 Crofts, John. Piety and Courage; a serm., 1813, 12mo. 
 
 Crofts, Robert. The Lover, or Nuptial Love, writ 
 ten by Robert Crofts to please himselfe, Lon., 1638, 18mo. 
 
 Crockatt, Gilbert. Letter to Lady Shovell, 1708, Svo. 
 
 Croke, Alexander, LL.D. Report of Case of Hor- 
 ner m. Liddiard, Lon., 1800, Svo. Argument in Case of 
 the Hendrick and Maria, 1800, Svo. Remarks on Schle- 
 gel's work upon the Visitation of Neutral Vessels under 
 Convoy, 1801, Svo. 
 
 Croke, Sir Alexander. A Genealogical Hist, of 
 the Croke Family, 1823, 2 vols. 4to, 7 7s. Progress 
 of Idolatry and other Poems, 1841. 2 vols. Svo. Schola 
 Salernitana, by G. D. Milano ; with an Eng. trans., intro 
 duction, and notes ; by Sir A. C., p. Svo. 
 
 " How popular this ancient poem must have been, we may infer 
 from its having passed through 160 editions. It is republished 
 now as a bibliographical curiosity ; but Sir A. Croke has, in the 
 introduction and notes, gathered together so many interesting 
 facts, that the volume will be welcomed for itself, as well as trea 
 sured as a curiosity." Athenaeum. 
 
 Essay on the Origin, Progress, and Doctrine of Rhym 
 ing Latin Verse, with many specimens, 1828, p. Svo. 
 
 " This is a clever and interesting little volume on an attractive 
 subject; the leisure work of a scholar and a man of taste." 
 British Critic. 
 
 Croke, or Crook, Sir George, 1559-1641, educated 
 at University College, Oxford, entered the Inner Temple, 
 and in 1628 succeeded Sir John Doderidge as Justice of 
 the King's Bench. In 1636 he espoused the part of Hamp- 
 den in the ship-money case. Hampden's share, for which 
 he went to law, was 18 shillings, and Lloyd remarks 
 that it cost the nation 18,000,000! Report of Select 
 
CRO 
 
 CRO 
 
 Cases in the C. of K. B. and C. P. temp. Eliz., Jas. I. and 
 Chas. I. ; French, Lon., 1657-61, 3 vols. fol. ; 2d ed., with 
 out references, 1669, 3 vols. fol. ; 3d ed. in English, by 
 Croke's son-in-law, Sir Harbottle Grimstone, with many 
 references, Ac., 1683-85, 3 vols. fol. ; 4th ed., with notes 
 and references to later authorities, by Thos. Leach, 1790- 
 92, 4 vols. r. 8vo. Abridgt. of the Cases temp. Chas. I., 
 1658, 8vo. Abridgt. by Wm. Hughes, 1665, 8vo. 
 
 "A work of credit and celebrity among the old reporters, and 
 which has sustained its character in every succeeding age." 
 CHANCELLOR KENT. 
 
 There has been some dissent to this opinion, but Mr. 
 Wallace's explanation of the matter appears to us to be 
 satisfactory. See Wallace's Reporters, 23 ; Marvin's Le 
 gal Bib., 240 ; Brooke's Bib. Leg., 212 ; Reeves's Hist., 240. 
 
 Croke, John. Relationes Casuum Selectorum ex 
 libris. Rob. Kielwey et alise Relationes per Gul. Dali- 
 son et Gul. Bendloes, Lon., 1633, fol. 
 
 Croke, Richard, (in Latin, Crocus,) d. 1558, a na 
 tive of London, was educated at Eton and King's College, 
 Cambridge. He was Greek Professor at Leipsic, at Lou- 
 vain, and subsequently at Oxford. He was sent by 
 Henry VIII. to influence the University of Padua to 
 favour the divorce of the king. His letters to Henry may 
 be seen in Burnet's Hist, of the Reformation. Croke pub. 
 several treatises, among which are Introductiones ad Grae- 
 cam Linguam, Cologn., 1520, 4to, and Orationes, 1520, 4to. 
 
 Croker, Rev. Henry Temple. Bower detected 
 as an Historian, Lon., 1758, 8vo. Experimented Magnet 
 ism, 1761, 8vo. The Complete Diet, of Arts and Sciences, 
 3 vols. fol., 1769. Superseded by later compilations. 
 
 Croker, Rt. Hon. John Wilson, D.C.L., 1780- 
 1857, a native of the county of Galway, Ireland, but of 
 English descent, was one of the most prominent literary 
 characters of his day. He died at the house of Sir William 
 Whiteman, at St. Alban's-bank, Hampton, near London. 
 He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, called to the 
 Bar in 1807, and from that time to 1832 occupied a seat in 
 the House of Commons. From 1809 to '30 he was Secre 
 tary to the Admiralty, and in 1828 was sworn of the Privy 
 Council. His opposition to the Reform Bill, and his decla 
 ration that he would never sit in a Reformed House of 
 Commons, has enabled him to devote more attention to 
 literary pursuits. His first publication, Familiar Epistles 
 to Frederick E. Jones, Esq., on the Irish Stage, Dubl., 
 1804, two edits, in the year, displayed that satirical power 
 which is so conspicuous in his articles in the Quarterly 
 Review originated in 1809 by Scott, Canning, and Croker. 
 In that variable, if not altogether amiable, ingredient in 
 reviewing, sarcasm, Mr. Croker is thought not to have been 
 a whit behind the great GiflFbrd himself. 
 
 "John Wilson Croker more than approached the editor in sar 
 castic sallies and biting wit : he gave early proofs of such powers 
 in his poem on the Irish stage; intimated talents active and argu 
 mentative in his speeches ; and a poetic feeling and spirit approach 
 ing Scott in his Peninsular battles. To his pen, many articles full 
 of political wormwood are attributed ; and also some of the papers 
 on America, which were not received in a tone of thankfulness by 
 the men of the West." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM : Biag. and Crit. Hist, 
 of Lit. See Men of the Time, Lon., 1853. 
 
 Mr. C.'s next publication was An Intercepted Letter 
 from Canton. This is a satirical picture of the city of 
 Dublin. To this succeeded Songs of Trafalgar ; The Bat 
 tle of Talavera; Sketch of Ireland, Past and Present; Let 
 ters on the Naval War with America; Stories from the 
 History of England. This work (of which 30,000 to 40,000 
 copies have been sold) was the model of Sir Walter Scott's 
 Tales of a Grandfather. 
 
 " A good thought came in my head to write stories for little John- 
 Bie Lockhart, from the History of Scotland, like those taken from 
 the History of England. But I will not write mine quite so simply 
 as Croker has done. I am persuaded both children and the lower 
 class of readers hate books which are written down to their capa 
 city, and love those that are composed for their elders and betters." 
 
 We wish that the authors of some modern juvenile books 
 would ponder the above. 
 
 Sir Walter presented a copy of the First Series to Mr. 
 Croker, with the following note : 
 
 . " 5 tY J? EAK C 110 * 131 , I have been stealing from you,and as it seems 
 the fashion to compound felony, I send you a sample of the swag. 
 
 by way of stopping your mouth Always yours, W. SCOTT." 
 
 Mr. Croker has also aided educators and their pupils 
 by his excellent Progressive Geography for Children, 
 which a high authority commends as 
 
 " The best elementary book on the subject." Lon. Quart. Rev. 
 We continue the enumeration of Mr. Croker's works : 
 Reply to the Letters of Malachi Malagrowther ; The Suf 
 folk Papers; Military Events of the French Revolution 
 of 1830 ; trans, of Bassompierre's Embassy to England ; 
 Hervey's Memoirs of the Court of George the Second, 
 now first pub. from the Originals at Ickworth. 
 
 452 
 
 I know of no such near and intimate picture of the interior 
 of a court. No other Memoir that I have read brings us so im 
 mediately, so actually into not merely the presence, but the com 
 pany, of the personages of the royal circle. Lord Hervey is, 1 may 
 venture to say, almost the Boswell of George II. and Queen Caro- 
 "ine." Mr. Croker's Preface. 
 
 The mention of Boswell naturally introduces a notice 
 of the magnum opus of Mr. Croker the production by 
 which he is best known to the popular literary circles 
 his edit, of Bos well's Johnson. This work has been already 
 noticed at length in our article upon Boswell. The reader 
 will there see that Mr. Macaulay does not indulge in rap 
 turous plaudits of Mr. Croker's valuable labours, and tho 
 latter has returned Mr. Macaulay's compliments in his re 
 view in the Quarterly of The History of England from 
 the Accession of James II. An answer to Mr. Croker's 
 charge of " partial selection" and " misrepresentation of 
 facts" will be found in the "Edinburgh." It is not pleasant 
 to dwell upon these family quarrels ; for surely those who 
 zealously labour for the intellectual advancement of tho 
 race may be properly said to constitute one family. With 
 the exception of contributions to the Quarterly Review, 
 Mr. Croker published nothing for many years. At the 
 time of his death he was engaged in the preparation of an 
 edition of the works of Alexander Pope, in connexion with 
 Mr. Peter Cunningham, which was announced by Mr. 
 Murray. Mr. Cunningham continues the editorship, (see 
 
 L461, post.) Essays on the Early Period of the French 
 volution, by the late Rt. Hon. John Wilson Croker ; 
 reprinted from the Quar. Rev., with Additions and Cor 
 rections, 1857, 8vo. He also edited Lady Hervey's Letters, 
 Walpole's Letters to Lord Hertford, and was the author 
 of several lyrical poems of merit. 
 
 Croker, Capt. Richard. Travels through Seve 
 ral Provinces of Spain and Portugal, Ac., Lon., 1799, 
 8vo. 
 
 An entertaining and, in some parts, instructive performance." 
 Lon. Monthly Review, 1790. 
 
 Croker, Thomas. Knavish Merchant, 1661, 4to. 
 
 Crok'er, Thomas Crofton, d. 1854, aged 57, a po 
 pular author, has done much to illustrate the Irish cha 
 racter and the Antiquities of the country. Researches in 
 the South of Ireland, Lon., 1824, 4to. This volume con 
 tains a large amount of valuable information respecting 
 the manners and superstition of the Irish Peasantry, 
 Scenery, Architectural Remains, Ac. 
 
 Fairy Legends and Traditions of the South of Ireland, 
 1825. This edit, contains contributions which were sub 
 sequently omitted by Maginn, Pigot, Humphreys, and 
 Keightley. Legends of the Lakes, 1828 ; new edit, ar 
 ranged as a Tour to the Lakes, 1853. Daniel O'Rourke, 
 1828. Barney Mahoney, 1832. My Village versus Our 
 Village, 1832. Tour of M. Boullaye Le Gouz in Ireland, 
 1844. The Popular Songs of Ireland, 1839. 
 
 " Each is accompanied by its history from the competent pen of 
 Crofton Croker, than whom no man knows more of the poetic su 
 perstitions and the manners and mythology of Ireland." 
 
 "A volume of singular interest and curiosity. It is even more 
 than this it is a publication of real value, as illustrative of the 
 past and present condition, both mental and moral, of the most 
 singular people of the world. At the same time, it is, as a collec 
 tion of vocal compositions, full of the graces and beauty of which 
 that class of poetry is so eminently susceptible." Lon. Naval and 
 Military Gazette. 
 
 Mr. Croker pub. in 1838, 2 vols. 8vo, the Memoirs of 
 Joseph Holt, General of the Irish Rebels in 1798, edited 
 from his original MSS. in the possession of Sir William 
 Betham. 
 
 " These Memoirs are wild, eccentric, and adventurous." Lon. 
 New Monthly Magazine. 
 
 "We heartily recommend the general and his editor (whose 
 notes in themselves are copious and interesting) to our readers." 
 Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 " Of Crofton Croker it may truly be said, as of his countryman, 
 Oliver Goldsmith, nullum tetigit quod non ornavit, (long may he 
 adorn our literature with such works as the present, before the 
 compliment can be used in his epitaph!) and of his coadjutor in 
 this work, the worthy Ulster King, that he too has done good ser 
 vice in preserving these curious records belonging to Irish history. 
 The work contains adventures of extraordinary and romanti* 
 character, and everybody will read it." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 The reader will find further details of Mr. Croker's lite 
 rary life in the Lon. Gent. Mag. for Oct., 1854. 
 
 Croker, Walter. A Letter to an M. P., Lon., 1816. 
 Crole, or Croleus, Robert. See CROWLEY. 
 Croly, Rev. Geo., LL.D., one of the most voluminous 
 writers of the day, was b. in Dublin, 1780, and educated at 
 Trinity College, Dublin. He has been for many years Rec 
 tor of St. Stephen's, Wallbrook, London. We classify his 
 works according to their subjects. 1. The Apocalypse of 
 St. John ; a New Interpretation, Lon., 1827, 8vo. 
 
 "An original and powerfully-written volume. , . . The sketch 
 
CRO 
 
 CRO 
 
 which completes the volume is evidently the result of great labour 
 and research, and abounds with most important historical infor 
 mation." Home's Introduc. 
 
 2. Divine Providence; or the three Cycles of Revela 
 tion, 1834, 8vo. 
 
 " To Dr. Croly belongs the high and lasting praise of lending 
 new forces to the defenders of religion, and adding a new wing to 
 the temple of the Christian Faith." ion. Gent. Mag. 
 
 " Dr. Croly is a man of vivid imagination, but the misfortune is, 
 that his imagination runs away with him. His language, there 
 fore, is rich and often eloquent ; but his ideas are for the most part 
 quite fanciful and unsound." British Critic, 1834. 
 
 3. The True Idea of Baptism, 1850, 8vo. 4. Sermon on 
 Marriage, 2d ed., 1836, 8vo. 5. Sermons on Important 
 Subjects, 1849, 8vo. (As connected with a subject which 
 excited great interest in England and America, we should 
 not omit to mention that in 1842 Mr. D. Croly pub. an Index 
 to the Tracts for the Times ; with Dissertations.) 6. Serms. 
 preached in the Chapel of the Foundling Hospital, with 
 others preached in St. Stephen's, Wallbrook, in 1847, 
 1848, 8vo. 
 
 " Clearer, more nervous, and in the true sense of the term, sim 
 pler, discourses, have not appeared for many years ; their style is 
 in general true Saxon, their matter strong, their theology sound 
 and scriptural." GUJUlan's Literary Portraits. 
 
 7. Speeches on the Papal Aggression. 8. Exposition on 
 Popery and the Popish Question. 9. The Popish Supre 
 macy; two sermons, 1850, 8vo. 10. Works of Jeremy 
 Taylor. With Life and Times of the Author, 1838, 8 vols. 
 p. 8vo. 
 
 " A beautiful edition of the best works of this eloquent and ad 
 mired author." 
 
 11. Scenes from Scripture, with other Poems, 1851, 8vo. 
 " Eminent in every mode of literature, Dr. Croly stands, in our 
 
 judgment, first among the living poets of Great Britain." Lon. 
 Standard. 
 
 "An admirable addition to the library of religious families." 
 John Bull. 
 
 12. Marriage with a deceased Wife's Sister. 13. On the 
 proposed Admission of Jews into Parliament. 14. Works 
 of Alex. Pope, with Memoirs, Notes, and Critical Notices 
 on each Poem, 1835, 4 vols. 12mo. 15. Pride shall have a 
 Fall; a Comedy. This is an early production of Mr. 
 Croly. 16. Catiline, a Tragedy, with other Poems, 8vo. 
 
 " There can be no doubt that this, whether considered as a 
 poem or as a drama, is a splendid performance, and one which 
 must greatly elevate the name of Croly." Blackwood's Mag. 
 
 17. Verse Illustrations to Gems from the Antique, sm. 
 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Croly's genius is too well known to need our commenda 
 tion. We can safely say, that these illustrations will add a wreath 
 to his laurels." Lon. New Monthly Mag. 
 
 18. Paris in 1815, and other Poems, 8vo, (his first work.) 19. 
 The Angel of the World ; an Arabian Tale, 1820. 20. Sebas 
 tian ; a Spanish Tale. 21. Poetical Works, 1830,2 vols. p. 8 vo. 
 
 " Full of lofty imaginings and poetic thought, we will venture 
 to say, that there is hardly a theme which Mr. Croly has not awoke 
 with a masterly hand, and hardly a sympathy which he has not 
 touched, in the great and multifarious range of subjects embraced 
 in these volumes." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 22. Beauties of the English Poets, 12mo. 23. The Mo 
 dern Orlando ; a Poem, 1846, 8vo ; 2d ed., 1855. 
 
 " One cannot but regret that Dr. Croly has not carried out his 
 original purpose of prolonging the poem to a ramble in other cities 
 and scenes of modern travel. Fragmentary as it now is, it is by 
 far the best thing of the kind that has been written since Byron." 
 Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 24. Character of Curran's Eloquence and Politics. 25. 
 Political Life of the Rt Hon. Edmund Burke, 1840, 2 vols. 
 p. 8vo. 
 
 "A valuable contribution to our national literature, an effectual 
 antidote to revolutionary principles, and a masterly analysis of 
 the mind and writings of the greatest philosopher and statesman 
 in our history." Britannia. 
 
 26. Historical Sketches, Speeches, and Characters, 1842, 
 p. 8vo. 27. Tales of the Great St. Bernard, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 28. Year of Liberation in 1813, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 29. Sala- 
 thiel, a Story of the Past, the Present, and the Future, 
 1827, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " We have risen from the perusal of the volumes before us, just 
 as we have felt after losing ourselves in the absorbing interest of 
 Shakspeare's finest tragedy. Every page is instinct with the 
 energy of passion, or with some glowing picture of romantic gran 
 deur the tender, the affecting, and the pathetic the ardent, the 
 heroic, the devoted all that can excite the highest and most dra 
 matic of our feelings. There is, we will venture to predict, in 
 Salathiel, the germ of perpetuity; it is not destined, like some 
 other works of imagination, to be read and forgotten." Lon. Gent. 
 Magazine. 
 
 " One of the most splendid productions among works of fiction 
 that the age has brought forth." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 " There are many natural scenes, and passages tender and elo 
 quent, but somewhat cold and stately ; it abounds in descriptions 
 on which all the splendours of fancy and language are lavished. 
 . . . The author in his poem of ' May Fair' was more at home; it 
 contains passages which, for condensed vigour of thought and 
 
 language, and sharp severi . 
 
 the 'Legion Club' of Swift." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM : 
 
 Hist, of Lit. 
 
 30. Marston; or, The Soldier and Statesman, 1846, 
 3 vols. p. 8vo. 31. The Personal History of King George 
 the Fourth, 1830, 8vo ; 2d ed., 1841, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " These volumes have a higher degree of interest than could 
 possibly arise from merely tracing the personal career of George 
 the Fourth. They are a history of his age; introducing us to all 
 the great statesmen and wits of that period ; abounding in rapid 
 and masterly sketches of character, brilliant reflection, and plea 
 sant episodes ; and embodying all that information current in the 
 best-informed circles of the day, which is necessary to be knowu 
 if we would thoroughly understand the transactions of the period." 
 Britannia. 
 
 " Dr. Croly is an almost universal poet. He is grand and gor 
 geous, but rarely tender and affectionate; he builds a lofty and 
 magnificent temple, but it is too cold and stately to be a home for 
 the heart." MRS. HALL. 
 
 Cromartie, or Cromerty, George, Earl of. Con 
 spiracies of the Earl of Go wry and Robert Logan against 
 King James VI., and a Vindication of Robert III., &c.> 
 Edin., 1713, 8vo. Mosses in Scotland, Phil. Trans., 1710. 
 
 Crombie, Alexander, LL.D., 1760-1842, a native 
 of Aberdeen, pastor of a Presbyterian congregation in 
 London, schoolmaster at Highgate, and subsequently at 
 Greenwich. 1. Philosophical Necessity, Lon., 1793, 8vo. 
 2. Etymology and Syntax of the English Language ex 
 plained, 1802, 8vo; 4th ed., 1836; adapted to schools by 
 W. Smith, 1846. 3. Gymnasium, sive Symbola Critica, 
 1812, 2 vols. 8vo; 5th ed., 1834; abridged, 1836, 12mo. 
 4. Letters on the Agricultural Interest, 1816, 8vo. 5. Na 
 tural Theology, Lon., 1829, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " In these volumes Dr. Crombie has presented, as we believe, the 
 most comprehensive view of the whole science of natural theology 
 that has hitherto appeared." Lon. Quarterly Rev. li. 213 ; q. v., et 
 vol. xxxix. 6, and Edin. Rev. liv. 147. 
 
 Dr. C.'s English Grammar is one of the best in the lan 
 guage. 
 
 Crombie, John. The Character and Offices of Christ 
 Illustrated by a Comparison with the Typical Characters 
 of the Old Testament, Lon., 1827, 8vo. 
 
 " Crombie uses a copious and pleasing diction, and manifests a 
 devout spirit in the treatment of the several subjects which he 
 has included in his comparison." Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 Crombie, Wm. The Soul's Progress, Edin., 1768, 8vo. 
 
 Crome, John. Art of writing Short Hand, Shef., 
 1801. In doggerel verse. 
 
 Cromek, R. H. 1. Reliques of Robert Burns, Lon., 
 1808, 8vo. 2. Select Scottish Songs, ancient and modern, 
 with observations and notices by Robert Burns ; edit, by 
 R. H. C., 1810, 8vo. 3. Remains of Nithsdale and Gallo 
 way, Song, 1810, 8vo. 
 
 " A faithful portrait unadorned 
 Of manners lingering yet in Scotia's vales." 
 
 But, unfortunately, most of these venerable remains were 
 composed by Allan Cunningham. 
 
 Cromerty, Earl of. See CROMARTIE. 
 
 Cromerty. Daniel's Prophecy, <fec., Edin., 1708, 4to. 
 
 Crommelin, I*. An Essay towards improving the 
 Hempen and Flaxen Manufac. in Ireland, Dubl., 1705, 4to. 
 
 Crompe, John. Theolog. treatises, 1639, '41. 
 
 Crompton, C. Legal Reports, in conjunction with 
 Jervis, Meeson, and Roscoe, 1832-36. 
 
 Crompton, George. Practice in C. of K. B. and 
 C. P., Lon., 1780, 2 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., 1786, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Many of the cases published in Crompton's Practice collected 
 by himself before he was at the bar, were never intended for pub 
 lication, and are too loose to be relied on." Marvin's Legal Bibl. 
 
 New ed. corrected, Ac. by B. J. Sellon, 1798, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 1st Amer. ed., with new cases, N. York, 1813, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Crompton, Hugh. Poems, being a Fardle of Fan 
 cies, or a Medley of Music, stewed in four Ounces of the 
 Oyl of Epigrams, Lon., 1657, 8vo. Pierides; or the Muses' 
 Mount, 1658, Svo. Dedicated to Mary, Duchess of Rich 
 mond and Lenox, &c. 
 
 Crompton, J. Letters, pub. by R. Marsden. 
 
 Crompton, Joshua* Genuine Memoirs of; written 
 by himself, Lon., 1778, Svo. 
 
 Crompton, Richard. L'authoritie et jurisdiction 
 des Courts de la Maiestie de la Roygne, Lon., 1594, 1637, 
 4to. See a list of Crompton's works in the Bibl. Brit. He 
 made large addits. to Fitz Herbert's Justice; therefore 
 often cited as Crompton's Justice. 
 
 " Mr. Crompton's books are in every man's hands, which proveth 
 their general allowance. A man may, by them, in a few hours, 
 gain great knowledge." Fulbeclc's Stitdy of the Law, 74. 
 
 Crompton, Susan F. Stories for Sunday Afternoons, 
 Lon., 1845, 16mo, and 1846. 
 
 Crompton, William, son of Richard, ante. 1. St 
 Austin's Religion. 2. C. Religion. 3. Prayer. 4. Serms., 
 1623, '33, '59, '79. 
 
 453 
 
CRO 
 
 Cromwell, Oliver, the last male descendant of "The 
 Protector." Memoirs of Oliver Cromwell, and of his Sons 
 Richard and Henry, with Original Letters and other Family 
 Papers, 1820, 4to; 2d ed., 1820, 2 vols. Svo; 3d ed., 1823, 
 2 vols. 8vo. The daughter of the above author is Mrs. 
 Russell of Cheshunt. The Memoirs have been character 
 ized as an "unbounded panegyric." The reader who 
 would peruse both sides of the subject, should study Hume, 
 Clarendon's Hist of the Rebellion, Catherine Macaulay's 
 Hist, of England, Bulstrode's Memoirs, Conference at the 
 end of Thurloe's State Papers, Ludlow's Memoirs, Sir 
 Edward Walker's Hist. Discourses, Sir John Sinclair's 
 Hist, of the Revenue, Carte's, Lingard's, Smollett's, Keight- 
 ley's, and the Pictorial, histories of England, Noble's Me 
 moirs of the Cromwells, Gumble's Life of Monk, Trial of 
 the Regicides, Thomas Cromwell's Oliver Cromwell and 
 his Times, Hallam's Constitutional Hist, of England, Car- 
 lyle's Letters and Speeches of Cromwell with Elucidations, 
 D'Aubigne's Protector, Smyth's Lectures on Mod. Hist., 
 T. B. Macaulay's Review of Hallam's Constitution and 
 Hist., and M.'s paper on Milton, in Edin. Review. Other 
 works might be mentioned, but we imagine the reader will 
 excuse us for the present. For a list of State papers is 
 sued in the name of Oliver Cromwell, and the name of 
 Richard Cromwell, see Watt's Bibl. Brit, and Lowndes's 
 Bibl. Manual, where will also be found lists of works re 
 specting the character of Cromwell's administration, and 
 the government which preceded it. 
 
 Cromwell, Samuel. Disputatio Medica Inauguratis 
 de Tumoribus in Geneve, Lugd. Bat., 1682, 4to. 
 
 Cromwell, Thomas. The Schoolboy and other 
 Poems, 1816. Oliver Cromwell and his Times, Lon., 1821, 
 8vo. 
 
 " An attempt to steer a middle course between the prejudiced 
 representations of Hume and the unbounded panegyrists of Oliver 
 Cromwell." LOWNDES. 
 
 Cronhelm, F. W. Book-keeping, 1818, 4to. 
 
 Crook, Sir George. See CROKE. 
 
 Crook, John. Theolog. and Autobiographical works, 
 1661-1706. 
 
 Crook, John. Address to the Legislature j also works 
 on the Church, Charity Schools, Ac., 1797-1813. 
 
 Crook, W. Historian's Guide, 1600-79, Lon., 1679, 
 12mo. 
 
 Crooke, B. Sermons, Lon., 1695, '98, 4to. 
 
 Crooke, Helkiah, M.D. Description of the Body 
 of Man, from the best authors of Anatomy, Lon., 1615, fol. 
 53 Instruments of Chirurgery, 1631, fol. 
 
 " Taken principally from Parcy." DR. WATT. 
 
 Crooke, Henry. Sermons, 1755, 8vo. 
 
 Crooke, Samuel, 1574-1649, Fellow of Emanuel 
 College, Cambridge. Divine Characters, Ac., 1619, '58. 
 
 Crooke, TJnton. Letter to Cromwell, 1654, 4to. 
 
 Crooke, William. Funeral Serm., Lon., 1670, 8vo. 
 
 Crooks, George R., D.D., b. 1822, at Philadelphia. 
 In connexion with Dr. McClintock, First Latin Book. In 
 connexion with Prof. Schem, Latin-English Lexicon, 
 Phila., 1858, large 8vo. Highly commended. Ed. Butler's 
 Analogy. Contrib. Method. Quar. Rev. See SCHEM, A. J. 
 
 Crookshank, William, D.D., died 1769, minister 
 of the Scots Church, Swallow Street, London, 1735. Hist, 
 of the State and Sufferings of the Church of Scotland 
 from the Restoration to the Revolution, Lon., 1749, 2 vols. 
 8vo; Edin., 1751, 2 vols. Svo; Glasg., 1787, 2 vols. 12mo; 
 Paisley, 1789, 2 vols. sm. 8vo. Chiefly abridged from 
 Wodrow. 
 
 Crookshanks. Public Debts and Funds, Lon.,1718,fol. 
 
 Crookshanks, John. Letter to R. Kirke, 1772, 8vo. 
 
 Croon, or Croune, William, M.D., d. 1684, founder 
 of the Croonian Lectures, the first of which was delivered 
 in 1738, was a native of London, Fellow of Emanuel Col 
 lege, Cambridge, Professor of Rhetoric in Gresham College, 
 and Registrar of the Royal Society. He founded a course 
 of Algebraic Lectures in seven colleges at Cambridge, and 
 a yearly Anatomical Lecture in the Royal Society. He 
 pub. De Ratione Motus Musculorum, Lon., 1664, 4to; 
 Amst., 1677, 12mo. Some of his papers will be found in 
 Phil. Trans., and many remain in MS. in the British 
 Museum. 
 
 Cropley, Sir John. Letters to Mr. Molesworth, 
 1721, 8vo. 
 
 Crosby, Allen. Exposition of St. John, 1755, 4to. 
 
 Crosby, Alphens, born at Sandwich, N. H., 1810, 
 graduated at Dartmouth College, 1827. In 1837 he be 
 came Prof, of the Latin and Greek Languages and Lite 
 rature in Dartmouth College, and 1849, Prof. Emeritus of 
 the Greek Language and Literature in the same college. 
 Prof. Crosby has published a Greek and General Grammar : 
 
 451 
 
 CRO 
 
 Greek Tables; Greek Lessons; An edition of Xenophon's 
 Anabasis; First Lessons in Geometry; A Letter of John 
 Foster, with Additions; An Essay on the Second Advent 
 
 Crosby, Howard, b. 1826, N. Y. City, (great grand 
 son of Wm. Floyd, one of the signers of Dec. of Inde 
 pendence,) Prof. Greek, Univ. N. Y. Lands of the Mos 
 lem, N. York, 1851, 8vo. Editor of (Edipus Tvrannus 
 of Sophocles. 
 
 Crosby, Thomas. The History of English Baptists, 
 from the Reformation to the beginning of the Reign of 
 George I., Lon., 1738-40, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 This is considered the best history of the English Bap 
 tists. The author tells us that he undertook it in conse 
 quence of the misrepresentations of the sect in the History 
 of the Puritans by Neal, who had summed up its history 
 in so small a compass as five pages. The MS. from which 
 these four vols. are compiled, was drawn up by Benjamin 
 Stinson, and was "in the possession of the author of the 
 History of the Puritans for some years." 
 
 Bishop Burnet says of the English Baptists that " they 
 were generally men of virtue, and of an universal charity." 
 
 Crosby, Thomas. 1. Key. 2. Builder's Book 
 1797, Ac. 
 
 Crosfeild, Robert. Treatises on Polit. Econ., 1692- 
 1704. 
 
 " The author alludes to many publick corruptions, and proposes 
 schemes by which great savings to the nation might be accom 
 plished." 
 
 Crosfield, Miss A. Hist, of Northallerton, Northall., 
 1791, 8vo. 
 
 Crosfield, Geo. Kalendar of Flora, Lon., 1810, 8vo. 
 
 Crosfield, R. J., M.D. The Scurvy, Lon., 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Crosland, Mrs. Newton, late Camilla Toulmin, 
 b. in London. Lays and Legends of English Life, Lon., 
 4to. Partners for Life, 12mo. Little Berlin Wool- Worker, 
 16mo. Poems, 12mo. Stratagems, 1849, square. Toil 
 and Trial, 1849, p. 8vo. Ditto, and Double Claim, by Her- 
 vey, 1851, square. Tales, 16mo. Lydia; a Woman's 
 Book, 1852, 12mo. The Young Lord, 1849, 18mo. 
 
 " She is a moralist, who draws truths from sorrow with the hand 
 of a master, and depicts the miseries of mankind only that she 
 may improve their condition." BelVs Weekly Messenger. 
 
 Crosley, David. Sermon, Lon., 1691, 4to. 
 
 Crosley, H. Law of Wills, pt. 1, Lon., 1828, 8vo. 
 
 Cross, Fras. De Febre Intermittente, Oxon., 1668, 
 12mo. 
 
 Cross, James C. The Apparition; a Musical Dra 
 matic Romance, Ac., 1794-1809. See a list of his dram, 
 pieces in Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Cross, John. Cash Tables for Duties, Newc., 1779, 8vo. 
 
 Cross, John. Law of Lien, Ac., Lon., 1840, 8vo. 
 
 Cross, John, M.D. Profess, treatises, Glasg., 1815-19. 
 
 Cross, Joseph, D.D., b. 1813, Brent, Somersetshire, 
 Eng., came to U.S. at the age of 12, and commenced the 
 ministry at 16. 1. Life and Sermons of Christmas Evans ; 
 from the Welsh, 8vo. 2. Headlands of Faith, 12mo. 3. 
 The Hebrew Missionary, 18mo. 4. Pisgah Views of the 
 Promised Inheritance. 5. A Year in Europe. 6. Prelec 
 tions on Charity. Ed. Portraiture and Pencillings of Mrs. 
 L. A. L. Cross. Contrib. Southern Methodist Quar. Rev., 
 Home Circle, Ac. 
 
 Cross, Nicholas. The Cynosura, Lon., 1670, foL 
 Serm. on Ps. Ixxxiii. 5 ; see Catholick Serms., ii. 123. 
 
 Cross, Peter Brady. Laws and Constitutions of 
 England, Lon., 1797, Svo. Peace or War, which is the best 
 Policy ? 1800, Svo. 
 
 Cross, W alter, d. 1701 ? Exposition on Rom. iv. 1, 2, 
 Lon., 1693, '94, 4to. Serms., 1695, '97, 4to. The Tagh- 
 mical Art; or the Art of Expounding Scripture by the 
 Points usually called Accents, Lon., 1698, Svo. 
 
 " Written with great abundance of confidence, and vast lack of 
 intelligence. The whole system is baseless, visionary, and useless. 
 The rhetorical rules for the use of the learner are in verse ; of which 
 take the following specimen : 
 
 'Sillttk the sentence and the verse doth end; 
 Atnach in two divides, and so attends; 
 Segolta three will have, or not appear; 
 Mercmah in verse doth to them both come near ; 
 Inferior game Reb. geraschate doth play, 
 Because as vicar he comes in the way ! !' " ORME : BiU. Bib. 
 
 Cross, Wm. Portions of the Psalms, Oxf., 1801, 12mo. 
 
 Crosse,Henry. Virtue Commonwealth ; or the High 
 way to Honour, &c., Lon., 1603, 4to. Gordounstoun sale, 
 633, 4. 
 
 Crosse, John. Sermons, &c., 1693, '94, '95, 4to. 
 
 Crosse, Peter? Power of Friendship; a Poetical 
 Epistle, 1785, 4to. 
 
 Crosse, R. S. Concio in 1 Cor. ii. 14, Oxf., 1655. 
 
 Crosse, Wm. Continuation of Grimeston's Hist, of 
 the Netherlands, 1608-27, Lon., 1627, fol. 
 
CRO 
 
 Crosse, Wm. A Brief Treatise of the Eyes, Lon., 
 1708, 8vo. 
 
 Crosse, Wm. Serm. on Heb. i. 14, Lon., 1713, 8vo. 
 
 Crossinge, Richard. Sermons, 1718, '20, '22, '32. 
 
 Crossley, Aaron. Peerage of Ireland, Dubl., 1725, fol. 
 
 Crossley, J. T. Educational works, Lon., 12, 18, 
 and 24mo. 
 
 Crossman, F. G. Course of Prayer, Lon., 1824, 12mo. 
 
 Crossman, Henry. Serms., &c., 1758-1816. 
 
 Crossman, Samuel. Sermons, 1680, '82, '86. 
 
 Crosswell, Wm. Tables for Longitude, Bost,, 1791, 
 8vo. 
 
 Crosthwaite, Charles. Synchronology, being a 
 Treatise on History, Chronology, and Mythology, Oxf., 
 1839, 8vo. 
 
 " Useful information." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 CrosthAvaite, J. C., Rector of St. Mary-at-Hill. 
 Maps illustrating the Journeys of Christ and of St. Paul, 
 Lon., 1830. 
 
 " A useful supplement to the Atlases to the Bible, hitherto pub 
 lished." Lon. Chris. Remembrancer. 
 
 1. The Christian Ministry. 2: Discourses, 1835, 8vo. 
 
 " Very strongly recommended to all lovers of vigorous thought, 
 sound principles, and curious and accurate information." British 
 Magazine. 
 
 Serms., 1840, 12mo. Daily Communion, 1841, 18mo. 
 Modern Hagiology, 1846, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 CrosthAvaite, John. Pendulums; in Trans. Irish 
 Acad., 1788. 
 
 Croswell, AndreAV, minister in Boston, Mass., died 
 1785, aged 76. Theolog. treatises, 1746, '68, '71. 
 
 CrosAvell, EdAVin, a native of Catskill, New York, 
 editor of the Albany Argus, has pub. a number of Addresses, 
 <fcc., and is said to be preparing Sketches and Anecdotes 
 of Men and Events of his Time. 
 
 Croswell, Rev. Harry, father of the Rev. Wm. 
 Croswell, at one time a leading political editor at Hudson 
 and Albany, N.Y. 1. Rudiments of the Church. 2. Family 
 Prayers, New Haven, 8vo and 12mo; new ed., revised, N.Y., 
 1857, 12mo. 
 
 Croswell, Rev. William, 1804-1851, b. at Hudson, 
 N.Y., son of the preceding ; grad. at Yale Coll., 1822 ; 
 Rector of Christ Church, Boston, 1829-40; St. Peter's 
 Church, Auburn, N.Y., 1840-44; Rector of Church of the 
 Advent, Boston, 1844-51. See specimens of his poetry, 
 &c. in Duyckincks' Cyc. of Ainer. Lit, Griswold's Poets 
 and Poetry of America, and Memoirs by his Father, N.Y., 
 1853, 8vo. 
 
 Crotch, Wm., Mus. Doc. Elements of Musical Com 
 position, 1812, 4to. Styles of Music, 1812, 3 vols. fol. 
 Substance of Lectures on Music, 8vo. 
 
 " A very popular and pleasant work." Westminster Review. 
 
 Crouch, EdAVin A. An English edit, of Lamarck's 
 Conchology, Lon., 1827, r. 4to. 
 
 "We can strongly recommend it to all those who feel interested 
 in this department of natural history." ion. Literary Gazette. 
 
 Crouch, Henry. British Customs, Lon., 1724-28, 8vo. 
 Guide to the Officers of the Customs, 1732, fol. 
 
 Crouch,Humphrey. Parliament of Graces, 1 642,4to. 
 
 Crouch, John. Muses' Joy, &c., Lon., 1657-66. 
 
 Crouch, Nathaniel. See BURTON, ROBERT. 
 
 Crouch, Wm. Posthuma Christiana, Lon., 1712, 8vo. 
 
 Crouleus, Robert. See CROWLEY. 
 
 Crouiie, Wm. See CROON. 
 
 CroAV, Rev. Francis, died 1692. Vanity and Im 
 piety of Judicial Astrology, 1690, 8vo. Mensalia Sacra, 
 1693, 8vo. 
 
 CroAV, or Crowe, Sir Sackville. His Case as it now 
 stands, with his request to the Parliament, Lon., 1652, 4to 
 
 Crowe, Anna Mary. Case in Chancery, 1806, 8vo 
 Letter to Dr. Willis on Private Mad Houses, 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Crowe, Mrs. Catherine, whose maiden name was 
 Stevens, is a native of Borough Green, county of Kent, 
 England. She married Lt.-Col. Crowe, Royal Army. Lighl 
 and Darkness; or, Mysteries of Life, Lon., 1850, 3 vols. 
 p. 8vo. Men and Women, 1843, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Pippie's 
 Warning, 1848, 16mo. Aristodemus ; a Tragedy. Susan 
 Hopley, 1841, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Lilly Dawson, 1847, 2 vols. 
 12mo. 
 
 " A novel of rare merit." Lon. Messenger. 
 
 " A creation worthy of Scott." John Butt. 
 
 Adventures of a Beauty, 1852, 3 vols. p. 8vo. The Night 
 Side of Nature, 1848, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " It shows that the whole doctrine of spirits is worthy of the 
 most serious attention." Lon. Athcn&um. 
 
 CroAve, Eyre Evans. The English in Italy an 
 France. To-Day in Ireland. Tales, 1825, 3 vols. p. 8vo 
 Yesterday in Ireland. Tales, 1829, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Hist 
 of France, 1830-44, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 CRO 
 
 Crowe, Rev. Henry. Zoophilos; or Considerations 
 n the Moral Treatment of Inferior Animals, 3d ed., Bath, 
 822, 12mo. 
 
 Crowe, Wm. Catalogue of Eng. Writers on the Old 
 and New Testaments, 2d ed., Lon., 1668, 12mo. 
 
 Elenchus Scriptorum in Sacram Scripturam tarn Grseco- 
 rum quam Latinorum in quo exhibentur eorum gens, patria, 
 >rofessio, religio : liborum tituli, volumnia, editiones varise, 
 jondini, 1672, 8vo. 
 
 The compiler actually arranges his authors under their 
 Christian names ! Of the whims of book-makers there is 
 no end ! 
 
 Crowe, Wm., DD. Serms., <fcc., Lon., 1720-44. 
 
 Crowe, Wm. Serms. and Orations, 1781, '88, 1800. 
 Lewesdon Hill; a Poem, Lon., 1786, '88, 1804, 4to. 
 
 " A poem of very considerable merit." LOWNDES. 
 
 Treatise on English Versification, 1827, p. 8vo. 
 
 Crowell, William, born 1806, at Middlefield, Mass. 
 Church Member's Manual, 12mo, 2d ed., 1852. Church 
 Member's Hand Book, 1851. Also many Sunday School 
 Books. Ed. Christian Watchman, 1838-48. 
 
 Crowfoot, Wm. Observ. on Apoplexy, Lon., 1801, 8vo. 
 
 CroAvley, John. Thoughts on the Emancipation of 
 the Roman Catholics, 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Crowley, Robert, d. 1588, a divine, poet, bookseller, 
 and printer, was educated at, and became Fellow of, Mag 
 dalen College, Oxford. He was made Archdeacon of Here 
 ford, and in 1558 was collated to a prebend at St. Paul's, 
 London. In 1550 he pub. the 1st ed. of Piers Plowman's 
 Vision, and with the same design to expose the vices and 
 follies of the age he put forth 31 Epigrams. For a list 
 of his works and notices of them, see Strype's Life of Par 
 ker and his Memorials; Tanner and Bale; Bliss's Wood's 
 Athen. Oxon.; Warton's Hist. Eng. Poetry; Watt's Bibl. 
 Brit. ; Dibdin's Typ. Antiq. ; and Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 CroAVley, Thos. Life of M. de la Sarre, 1751, 12mo. 
 
 Crowley, Thomas. Payment of Tithes, 1776, 8vo. 
 
 Crowne, or CroAvn, John, a native of No-, a Scotia, 
 obtained considerable notoriety at the court of Charles II. 
 as a writer of plays, 18 of which are enumerated in the 
 Biog. Dramat. Of these, The Destruction of Jerusalem, 
 1677, 4to, and City Politiques, 1675, 4to, seem to have been 
 among the best. He also wrote Pandion and Amphigenia, 
 1665, 8vo, and Dseneids, 1672, 4to, and trans. Boileau's 
 Lutrin. 
 
 " He may assuredly be allowed to stand at least in the third rank 
 of our dramatic writers." Biog. Dramat. 
 
 CrOAVne, Wm. Travels of the Lord Howard, Lon., 
 1637, 4to. Condemned, as abounding in errors and imper 
 fections. 
 
 Crownfield, Henry. On the Scriptures, 1752, 8vo. 
 
 Crowquill, Alfred, (Alfred Henry Forrester,) 
 b. 1806, brought up to his father's profession of Public Notary 
 at the North Gate of the London Royal Exchange, where his 
 family had practised the same profession for a century be 
 fore. Commenced his literary career at the age of 15, by 
 a swarm of papers in various monthly publications of the 
 period. At the age of 20 practised drawing, with a de 
 termination to illustrate his own works, pub. Leaves from 
 his Memorandum-Book, a volume of comic prose and 
 verse illustrated by himself, and various caricatures in the 
 fashion of the day. In the same year he published Eccen 
 tric Tales, 1 vol. 8vo, illustrated by himself. In 1828 he 
 was solicited by Mr. Colburn to join the celebrated clique 
 of authors then engaged to produce the Humorist papers 
 in his Magazine, Theodore Hook, Benjamin Disraeli, and 
 a host of others. He wrote the Humorist's introduction. 
 He left this Magazine to join Bentley's celebrated Mis 
 cellany, with Dickens, Father Prout, Tom Ingoldsby, Dr. 
 Maginn, <fec. He was also the first illustrator of Punch 
 and of the Illustrated News. An exhibitor of large pen- 
 and-ink drawings at the Royal Academy. Painter in oil, 
 from which many engravings were published. Designer 
 and modeller. He designed the statuette of the Duke of 
 Wellington produced a fortnight before the duke's death, 
 which he presented to her Majesty and the allied sovereigns. 
 The Wanderings of a Pen and Pencil; a large antiquarian 
 book profusely illustrated. Comic English Grammar. 
 Comic Arithmetic. Phantasmagoria of Fun, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Bentley Fun. A Bundle of Crowquills. Magic and 
 Meaning It, 1 vol. Scrap Books, innumerable. Railway 
 Raillery. St. George and the Dragon, &c. Gold ; a Poem, 
 illustrated with twelve outlines, large 4to. Absurdities, 
 8vo. Reproof of the Brutes, Careless Chicken, and many 
 vols. of Fairy Tales. Engraver on steel, stone, copper, 
 and wood. Picture Fables; new ed., 1855, 4to. Little 
 Pilgrim, 1856, 4to. 
 
CRO 
 
 CRU 
 
 Crowsley, John. Good Husband's Jewel, 1651, 12mo. 
 
 Crowther, Bryan, Surgeon. Profess, treatises, 1797- 
 1811. 
 
 Crowther, J. Dissertation on Acts xvii. 30, Lon., 
 1822, 8vo. 
 
 Crowther, P. W. Law of Arrest, <fcc., Lon., 1828, 8vo. 
 
 Crowther, S. Sermon, Lon., 1814, 4to. 
 
 CroAVther, S. Grammar of the Yoruba Language, 
 Lon., 1852, 8vo; Vocabulary of do., with Introduc. by Rev. 
 Mr. Vidal, 1852, 8vo. 
 
 "It proves that a whole African race, numbering 3,000,000, ex 
 ists, possessing a language highly refined and developed." ion. 
 
 Croxall, Samuel, D.D., died 1752, educated at St. 
 John's College, Cambridge, Archdeacon of Salop, Ac. The 
 Fair Circassian, Lon., 1720, 4to; later edits, in 12mo. 
 Fables of JEsop and others, trans, into English, 1722. Very 
 popular. Serms., 1715-41. Scripture Politics, 1735, 8vo. 
 He also wrote some poems, and edited the collection of Se 
 lect Novels and Histories, from the French, Italian, and 
 Spanish, printed for Watts, Lon., 1729, 6 vols. 12mo. There 
 was no want of variety in Croxall's literary pursuits. 
 
 Crudeii. Complete Family Bible, with Notes, Lon., 
 1770, 2 vols. fol. 
 
 " An indifferently-executed commentary." HORNE. 
 
 This is not the publication of Alexander Cruden. 
 
 Cruden, Alexander, 1701-1770, a native of Aber 
 deen, educated at Marischal College, designed entering the 
 Church, but was prevented by symptoms of insanity. In 
 1732 he settled in London as a permanent residence, 
 
 rned a bookstore, and became a corrector to the press, 
 styled himself Alexander the Corrector. In 1733 he 
 commenced the preparation of his Concordance to the Holy 
 Scriptures, and laboured with such industry in the inter 
 vals of business, that he was able to put it to press in 
 1737, 4to; 2d ed., 1761, 4to; 3d ed., with improvements, 
 1769, 4to ; 6th ed., with Life, by Alex. Chalmers, 1812, 4to; 
 10th ed., 1824, r. 8vo. The editor of this last ed. hopes 
 that his ''extraordinary care will obtain for this edition 
 the high recommendation of being THE MOST CORRECT EDI 
 TION OP CRUDEN'S CONCORDANCE EVER PUBLISHED." But 
 alas ! for the hope of faultless typography ! The editor 
 of the Phila. reprint of 1830 professes to have discovered 
 (and corrected) in this immaculate edition, no less than 
 TEN THOUSAND ERRORS in the references, which had escaped 
 the eye of the London editor I 
 
 Of Cruden's Concordance, there have been many abridg 
 ments, which profess to contain all that is valuable in the 
 original, which makes us marvel at the stupidity of the 
 author, who devoted so many days and nights to accumu 
 late what we are now assured is entirely superfluous ! Yet 
 being old-fashioned in our ideas, we rather prefer having 
 every line of this unnecessary matter. 
 
 The late Rev. Thos. Scott, author of the Commentary, 
 partially prepared a new Concordance to the Bible. See 
 his Life by his son. Mr. Scott remarks that 
 
 " The errors and deficiencies in Cruden are tenfold more than 
 are generally suspected." 
 
 But, on the other hand, Dr. Williams declares that 
 
 " It is so complete as a Concordance that nothing remains mate 
 rially deficient." Christian Preacher. 
 
 " It is not unlikely that Cruden, corrected and improved, will 
 still retain his place in English literature." ORME : JBibl. Bib. 
 
 " Cruden's Concordance, or a similar work, is indispensable to 
 ministers." 
 
 " Cruden's Concordance should be in everybody's library. It is 
 uncommonly complete, the definitions of leading words remark 
 ably accurate, and the references exceedingly correct." LOWNDES. 
 
 Cruden also wrote An Account of the History and Ex 
 cellency of the Holy Scriptures, prefixed to a Compendium 
 of the Holy Bible ; A Scripture Dictionary ; an Index to 
 Bp. Newton's edit, of Milton ; The History of Richard Pot 
 ter, and sundry pieces under the names of The London 
 Citizen and Alexander the Corrector. 
 
 We notice with commendation Wm. Youngman's edit, 
 of Cruden's Concordance, with a Compendium of the Bible, 
 and a Brief Account of its History and Excellence, to 
 which is added a Sketch of the Life of the Author. 
 
 Cruden, John. Address to the loyal part of the 
 Brit. Empire, and the friends of Monarchy throughout 
 the Globe, 8vo. 
 
 Cruden, R. P. Obser. upon Municipal Bodies in 
 Eng. and Wales, 1826, 8vo. Hist, of Gravesend and Port 
 of London, 1844, r. 8vo. 
 
 ' This volume contains a complete history of the Thames and 
 all that is connected with it, its Docks and Arsenals, and the great 
 historical scenes that have been witnessed on its shores, added to 
 an immense amount of curious information relating to the early 
 history and progress of the navy, interesting alike to the antiquary 
 and political economist." 
 456 
 
 Cruickshank, Brodie. Eighteen Years in the Gold 
 Coast of Africa, Lon., 1853, 2 vols. 
 
 " One of the most interesting books that ever came into our 
 hands." Lon. Standard. 
 
 " It will give a fresh impulse to the efforts of philanthropy and 
 reHgion."-Jb7m Bull 
 
 Cruickshank, Thos. Practical Planter, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Cruikshank, Geo. Salt Duties, 1734-45, 3 vols. fol. 
 
 Cruikshank, George, born in London about 1794, 
 has attained great celebrity as an artist of rare talents, 
 both in humour and pathos. An interesting account 
 of his labours will be found in Men of the Time, Lon. 
 1853, 18mo, also in Lon. Jour., 1847, by Dr. Mackenzie; 
 Westm. Rev., 1840 ; Knight's Eng. Cyc., vol. ii., Div. Biog. 
 
 Cruikshank, Jas. Treat, on Polit. Econ., 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Cruikshank, Robert, brother of George Cruikshank. 
 Facetiae: being a Collection of all the Humorous Jeux- 
 d'Esprit which have been illustrated by R. C., Lon., 2 vols. 
 These vols. comprise all, from Monsieur Tonson to Margate. 
 
 Cruikshank, Wm., 1745-1800, an eminent surgeon 
 and anatomist, was a native of Edinburgh, and succes 
 sively a pupil, assistant, and partner of the celebrated Dr. 
 Hunter. The publication of his Anatomy of the Absorbent 
 Vessels, in 1786, 4to, secured him immediate reputation; 
 2d ed., 1790, 4to. He had previously pub. treatises on 
 Absorption and Respiration, 1779, 8vo. Some of his pa 
 pers were pub. in Phil. Trans and Nic. Jour. See Watt's 
 Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Cruise, Major Richard A., Royal Army. Jour 
 nal of a Ten Months' Residence in New Zealand, Lon., 
 1823, 8vo. Contains much information respecting the 
 productions of New Zealand, and the manners, religion, 
 and character of the natives. 
 
 Cruise, Wm. Fines and Recoveries, 3d ed., Lon., 
 1794, 2 vols. 8vo. Modelled upon Fearne's Contingent 
 Remainders. Essay on Uses, 1795, 8vo. Digest of the 
 Laws of England respecting Real Property, Lon., 1804-07, 
 7 vols. 8vo ; 4th ed., by H. H. White, 1835, 7 vols. 8vo ; 
 5th Amer. from the 4th London ed., revised, enlarged, and 
 adapted to American Practice, by Simon Greenleaf, LL.D., 
 Royall Prof, of Law in Harvard Univ., Boston, 1849, '50, 
 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " We are sure that Mr. Greenleaf could have performed no task 
 which would be more generally acceptable, than this very one of 
 winnowing the chaff from the wheat. It has been performed in a 
 manner which will do justice to his eminent reputation. No work 
 which has appeared for a long time will be more valuable to stu 
 dents, or to the profession generally." Law Reporter. 
 
 Principles of Conveyancing, Lon., 1808, 6 vols. 8vo. 
 Origin and Nature of Dignities or Titles of Honour, Lon., 
 1810, 8vo ; 2d ed., 1823, r. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Cruise's book is an extremely useful book of reference." 
 LORD REDESDALE. 
 
 " With as little erroneous matter as might be expected in a book 
 of that description." SIR ANTHONY HART. 
 
 Crull, Jodocus, M.D. Antient and Present State 
 of Muscovy, Lon., 1698, 2 vols. 8vo. Continuation of 
 Puffendorf's Introduc. to Hist of Europe, 1705, 8vo. An 
 tiquities of St. Peter in the Abbey Ch. of Westminster, 
 1711, 8vo ; 1722, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Crump, J. Protection of Brit. Commerce, 1812. 
 
 Crump, John, became minister at Maidstone about 
 1653, ejected for Nonconformity, 1662. The Great Sup 
 per, 1669, sm. 8vo. 
 
 Crump, W. H., a native of England, has been for 
 many years settled in Philadelphia, where he is one of the 
 most popular and intelligent members of the periodical 
 press. The World in a Pocket Book, or Universal Popu 
 lar Statistics, Phila., 1841, 24mo. Eighth ed., greatly 
 enlarged and improved, with the addition of Part 2, 1858, 
 12mo, pp. 446. 
 
 Crnmpe, Saml., M.D., of Limerick, Ireland. Opium, 
 Lon., 1793, 8vo. Essay on the Means of Providing Em 
 ployment for the People, Lon., 1793; 2d ed., 1795, 8vo. 
 The prize proposed by the Royal Irish Academy was ob 
 tained by this essay. 
 
 "A really valuable publication. . . . The principles which pervade 
 the work are sound ; and those parts of it which have special refer 
 ence to Ireland are distinguished by the absence of prejudice and 
 by their practical good sense." McCuLLOCH : Lit. of Polit. Econ. 
 
 Crumpe, Thomas. Orthography, Lon., 1712, 12mo. 
 
 Cruse, Peter Hoffman, 1793-1832, a native of Bal 
 timore, contributed largely to the Reviews, and was for 
 several years editor of the Baltimore American. Some 
 of his poetry will be found in The Red Book, a periodical 
 pub. in Baltimore 1818-19, by Mr. Cruse and John P. Ken 
 nedy, a favourite American author. 
 
 Crusio, Cato, M.D. Skin Disease, Phil. Trans., 1754. 
 
 Crusius, Lewis. Roman Poets, Lon., 1733, '53, 2 
 vols. 12mo. 
 
CRU 
 
 Cruso, Job. Castremetion, or the measuring out the 
 quarters for the Encamping of an Army, Lon., 1642, 4to. 
 Medicamentorum Thesaurus, 1701, 8vo; in English, with 
 Annotations, Glossary, and Index, 1771, 12mo. 
 
 Cruso, Timothy, 1657 F-1697, a Dissenting divine. 
 Serms. 1688, '89, Ac. Three vols. of Discourses, 1697, '98, 
 '99, sm. 8vo. 
 
 " Superior sermons for matter. Cruso's works might be advan 
 tageously reprinted." BICKERSTBTH. 
 
 Crutchley, John. Agricult. of the County of Rut 
 land, Lon., 1795, 4to. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Cruttenden, David H., b. 1816, Saratoga co., N.Y.; 
 grad. Union Coll., 1841. Author of a series of Systematic 
 Arithmetics ; Philosophy of Sentential Language; Geo 
 graphy and History Combined, &c. 
 
 Cruttenden, Jos. Wounded Seamen, Ac., 1780, 4to. 
 
 Cruttenden, R. His Experience, Lon., 1744, 8vo. 
 
 Cruttwell, C., Surgeon. Professional treatise, Bath, 
 1778, 12mo. 
 
 Cruttwell, Rd. Treatise on Currency, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Crutwell, Rev. Clement. The Scripture Har 
 mony, or Concordance of Parallels, Lon., 1790, 4to. 
 
 " This is a very elaborate work, and will amply repay the labour 
 of consulting ; though the parallelisms are not always to be traced, 
 and are sometimes very fanciful. But for this the industrious au 
 thor is not to be censured, as he everywhere cites his authorities, 
 which are very numerous." Home's Introduction. 
 
 Crutwell pub. an edit, of the Bible in 1785, 3 vols. 4to, 
 with the notes of Bishop Wilson, of Sodor and Man. A 
 Gazetteer of France, 1793, 3 vols. 12mo ; of the Nether 
 lands, 1794, 8vo. Universal Gazetteer, 1798, 3 vols. 4to . 
 1808, 4 vols. 8vo. Superseded by later works. Tour 
 through Great Britain, 1801, 6 vols. 8vo. Life of Bishop 
 Wilson, 4to. 
 
 Crutwell, Richd. Funeral Discourse, 1809. 
 
 Cruwys, H. S. Archetype of the Septuagint, 1773, 8vo. 
 
 Cry me s, Thomas, alias Graham. Carmina Pro- 
 gymnastica, Lon., 1654, 8vo. Roxburghe, 2803, 3 11*. 
 
 Cubitt , George. Scriptural Expositions, Lon., 1844, 
 18mo. Parables, 1840, 18mo. Sketches and Skeletons 
 of Sermons, ISmo. 
 
 Cudmore, Daniel. Sacred Poems, Lon., 1655, 8vo. 
 
 "Written in a great variety of measure, and several of them 
 have peculiar merit, mingled with much quaintness." LOWNDES. 
 
 History of Joseph, a Poem, 1652, 4to. 
 
 Cudworth, John. Fides Eccl. Anglic., Ac., Oxon., 
 1688, fol. 
 
 Cudworth, Ralph, 1617-1688, a native of Aller, 
 Somersetshire, where his father was rector, was educated 
 at Emanuel College, Cambridge, of which he became a 
 Fellow and Tutor; Hector of North Cadbury, 1641; 
 Master of Clare Hall, 1644 ; Prof. of. Hebrew, 1645; Mas 
 ter of Christ's College, 1654; Vicar of Ash well, Hertford 
 shire, 1662; Prebendary of Gloucester, 1678. The Lord's 
 Supper, with two Sermons on the Union of Christ and the 
 Church in a Shadow, Lon., 1642, 8vo. Cudworth's hypo 
 thesis is that the Supper is a Feast upon a Sacrifice. This 
 opinion was revived by Bishops Warburton and Cleaver, 
 Dr. Worthington and Mr. Willets, and opposed by Dr. 
 Bell and others. 
 
 "Cudworth's notion was adopted by many able writers, but 
 they do not appear to the author to have proved that the supposed 
 view was intended by our Lord." BICKERSTETH : Chris. Student. 
 
 Two Sermons, 1647, 4to. In 1678 he pub. his celebrated 
 work, The True Intellectual System of the Universe; 
 wherein the Reason and Philosophy of Atheism is confuted; 
 fol. ; 2d ed., with Life of the author by Birch, 1733, 2 vols. 
 4to. Abridgt. of 1st ed., 1706, 2 vols. 4to, by Rev. Thomas 
 Wise. In Latin, by Mosheim; Jense, 1733, 2 vols. fol. 
 with improvements, Leyden, 1773, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 " The Latin translation by Professor Mosheim is greatly to be 
 preferred to the English original, not only for its purity and ele 
 gance, but also for its great abundance and excellence of learned 
 notes." BISHOP WARBURTON. 
 
 Cudworth did not complete his whole design in the In 
 tellectual System, but was discouraged from publishing 
 any thing further by the misrepresentations to which his 
 learned labours were subjected. He left several MSS., 
 which appear to have been intended as a continuation of 
 his design. One of these, A Treatise concerning eternal 
 and immutable Morality, was pub. by Bishop Chandler in 
 1731, 8vo. A number of his MSS. are deposited in the 
 British Museum. Cudworth's great work was elicited by 
 the absurd, yet mischievous, principles advocated by Hobbes 
 in the Leviathan. Being a perfectly fair and ingenuous 
 opponent, Cudworth placed the atheistic doctrines which 
 he intended to refute in the clearest light, and stated them 
 with such force, that, to his amazement, he found his own 
 sincerity doubted when he proceeded to show their fallacy ! 
 
 CUF 
 
 He unfortunately encumbered his argument by an admix 
 ture of Platonic philosophy, and a " wild hypothesis of a 
 plastic nature," assumed to be the immediate instrument 
 ality by which the Divine Being carried his purposes into 
 execution. His fate, with some shallow minds, was that 
 of Sir Thomas Browne to be considered a champion of 
 impieties, which he abhorred. 
 
 " He raised such strong objections against the being of a God 
 and Providence, that many thought he had not answered them." 
 DRYDEN. 
 
 " Though the whole world were no less satisfied with his capa 
 city and learning, than with his sincerity in the cause of the 
 Deity ; yet was he accused of giving the upper hand to the atheists, 
 for having stated their reasons and those of their adversaries fairly 
 together. . . . The common fate of those who dare to appear fair 
 authors." LORD SIIAFTESBTJRY. 
 
 The depth of erudition displayed in the Intellectual 
 System has been a subject of admiration to the learned of 
 all varieties of opinion. 
 
 u It contains the greatest mass of learning and argument that 
 ever was brought to bear on atheism. A thousand folio pages, 
 full of learned quotations, and references to all heathen and sacred 
 antiquity, demonstrate the fertility and laborious diligence of 
 the author. And whoever wishes to know all that can be said 
 respecting liberty and necessity, fate and free-will, eternal reason 
 and justice, and arbitrary omnipotence, has only to digest the 
 Intellectual System." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " It will at least be expedient, I had almost said necessary, to 
 know so 'much of the opinions of heathen antiquity as is to be 
 learned from those authentic documents which the industry of 
 the indefatigable Cudworth has collected and arranged with great 
 judgment." BISHOP HORSLEY. 
 
 " Great strength of genius and a vast compass of learning." 
 BISHOP BURNET. 
 
 " With a boldness uncommon indeed, but very becoming a man 
 conscious of his own integrity, and of the truth and evidence of 
 his cause, Dr. Cudworth launched out into the immensity of the 
 Intellectual System, and. at his first essay, penetrated the very 
 darkest recesses of antiquity to strip atheism of all its disguises, 
 and drag up the lurking monster to conviction." BISHOP WAR- 
 BURTON. 
 
 " Like another Atlas, he carried in this work the whole World 
 of Learning on his broad intellectual shoulders." 
 
 "The Intellectual System is an immense storehouse of facts, of 
 arguments, and principles." 
 
 " That great master of learning and reasoning, Dr. Cudworth." 
 DR. J. PYE SMITH. 
 
 "The Intellectual System will forever remain a precious mine 
 of information to those whose curiosity may lead them to study 
 the spirit of the ancient theories." DUGALD STEWART. 
 
 " The Intellectual System is a work of stupendous erudition, 
 and of frequent mastery over diction and illustration on subjects 
 where it is most rare." SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH. 
 
 " Cudworth was one of those whom Hobbes had roused by the 
 atheistic and immoral theories of the Leviathan ; nor did any an 
 tagonist of that philosopher bring a more vigorous understanding 
 to the combat." HALLAM : Literary History. 
 
 " Dr. Ralph Cudworth held the same rank in Metaphysics that 
 Dr. Barrow did in the Sublime Geometry." Granger's Biog. Hist. 
 
 "The Platonic philosophy was with greater accuracy and sounder 
 judgment [than evinced by Gale] applied to the refutation of im 
 piety by Ralph Cudworth. ... In this important undertaking, 
 he very successfully employed a vast fund of erudition." Enfield's 
 Hist of Philosophy. 
 
 "Amongst all the early philosophical writers of our country, 
 there is no one who displayed so complete a mastery over the me 
 taphysical systems of antiquity, and no one who has left behind 
 him so vast a monument of varied and accurate learning, as Ralph 
 Cudworth, the author of the Intellectual System." Morett's Hist. 
 of Modern Philosophy. 
 
 It is pleasing to reflect that to the eminent Cudworth 
 may be added the title of good as well as great : 
 
 " An excellent and learned divine, of highest authority at home 
 and abroad." LORD SHAFTESBURY : Characteristics. 
 
 An unimpeachable authority thus enthusiastically com 
 mends Cudworth : 
 
 " He was a great man 'in all parts of learning, divine and hu 
 man ; an honour to Emanuel College, where he was educated, to 
 Christ's College, where he afterwards presided, to the whole Uni 
 versity of Cambridge, which he adorned ; and to the church and 
 age in which he lived." BISHOP BCRNET. 
 
 Will not the University of Cambridge, thus honoured 
 by his name, honour his memory by publishing his MSS. ? 
 How much would the world be the gainer by the reflec 
 tions of so profound a thinker as Cudworth upon such sub 
 jects as "Moral Good and Evil;" " Liberty and Necessi 
 ty;" "The Seventy Weeks of Daniel;" "The Creation of 
 the World ;" " The Learning of the Hebrews ;" " The Notion 
 of Hobbes concerning God and Spirits !" We feel some 
 pride in recording the fact that an edition of The True In 
 tellectual System of the Universe has been published in 
 America Andover, 1837, 2 vols. r. 8vo and an edit, of his 
 whole works has recently been issued in New York, 2 vols. 
 8vo. We must not omit to recommend to the reader the ex 
 cellent edition published in London in 1845, 3 vols. 8vo, 
 which contains the learned Notes and Dissertations of the 
 Latin edition by Mosheim, translated by Harrison. 
 
 Cudworth, Wm. Sermons, <fcc., 1747, '60. 
 
 Cuff, or Cuffe, Henry, 1560P-1601, Greek Prof, at 
 
CUF 
 
 Merton College, Oxford, was executed at Tyburn as a par- j 
 ticipaut of the treason of the Earl of Essex. The Difference 
 of the Ages of Man's Life, Lon., 1607, 8vo. He left some 
 papers evincing great learning. See Wood's Athen. Oxon. i 
 Cuffe, Maurice. News from Munster, Lon., 1642, 4to. | 
 Cuitt, George. Hist, of Chester, 1815, 8vo. Etch- ' 
 ings of Ancient Buildings, 1816, fol. Wanderings and 
 Pencillings amongst Ruins of the Olden Time, 1848, r. fol. 
 " These plates are etched with great freedom, and remind us of 
 the etchings of Rome, (by Pyranesi,) to which they come nearer 
 than any modern work of British Art of a similar class." ion. 
 Times. 
 
 Culbcrtson, Robert. Serm., 1817. Lectures on the 
 Prophecies of St. John, 1818, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 " Rather tedious, but always sensible." ORME. 
 " The production of a man of no ordinary endowments." ion. 
 Congregational Mag. 
 
 " One of the most judicious expositions of the Book of Revela 
 tion." ion. Edectic Rev. 
 
 Culham, B. P. The Fig Leaf ; a Poem, 3d ed., 1805. 
 Cull, Francis. Sermon, Lon., 1732, 8vo. 
 Cull, Richard. Garrick's mode of reading the Li 
 turgy ; new ed., Lon., 1840, 8vo. 
 
 Cnllen, Arch. Principles of the Bankrupt Law, 1800. 
 " Written with brevity and distinctness ; omitting nothing that 
 is material, and introducing nothing that is unimportant." Lon. 
 Monthly Review. 
 
 Cnllen, C. S. The Bankrupt Court, 1830. 
 Cullen, Charles. Chemical Analysis of Wolfram, 
 Lon., 1785, 8vo. History of Mexico, 1787, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 Cullen, Edmund, M.D. Phys. and Chem. Essays, 
 1785-91. 
 
 Cullen, Margaret, daughter of DR. CULLEN, of Edin 
 burgh, q. v. Home ; a Novel, 1803, 5 vols. Morton ; a 
 Novel, 1814, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Cullen, Michael. Churchwarden's Guide,Dubl.,1823. 
 Cullen, Paul, R. C. Archbishop of Armagh, conse 
 crated Feb. 24, 1850, has written a work, " affirming the 
 immutability of the earth, on the ground of his interpre 
 tation of the theological records." Men of the Time, Lon., 
 1853. 
 
 Cullen, Stephen. The Castle of Inchvally ; a Tale, 
 alas ! too true, 1796, 3 vols. 12mo. The Haunted Priory,8vo. 
 Cullen, Wm., M.D., 1712-1790, a native of Lanark 
 shire, made several voyages to the West Indies as surgeon 
 in a London trading vessel. He afterwards settled at 
 Shotts, where he entered into copartnership with Dr. Wm. 
 Hunter. In 1746 Cullen was appointed Lecturer on Che 
 mistry in the University of Glasgow, and in 1751 became 
 King's Professor of -Medicine. In 1756 he accepted the 
 chair of Chemistry in the Univ. of Edinburgh, and in 1763 
 succeeded Dr. Alston as Professor of Medicine. When 
 obliged by physical infirmity to resign his office to Dr. 
 Black, he became associated with Dr. Gregory in the lec 
 tures on the practice of physic. Synopsis Nosologiae Me- 
 thodicae in usumStudiosorum, Edin.,1769, 8vo; many edits.; 
 the best by Dr. John Thompson, 1814, 8vo. Lectures on 
 the Materia Medica, Lon., 1772, 4to; pub. without the 
 author's consent; reprinted with his permission, 1773, 4to; 
 Cullen's own edit., 1789, 2 vols. 4to. The last is the edit, 
 to be sought for. It is still one of the best works on the 
 subject. The Recovery of the Drowned, Edin., 1775, 8vo. 
 First Lines of the Practice of Physic, Edin., 1776-83, 4 
 vols. 8vo; many edits. Dr. Rotherham's, Edin., 1796, 4 
 vols. 8vo; several edits, by Dr. P. Reid; last, 1816, 2 vols. 
 8vo. The 7th edit, in 2 vols. 8vo, with Notes, was pub. by 
 Dr. Gregory. Clinical Lectures, 1765, '66, pub. by an au 
 ditor, Lon., 1797, 8vo; by John Thompson, Edin.,1814, 8vo. 
 Of Cold; Ess. Phys. and Lit., 2 p., cxlv., 1756. This tract 
 is also pub. with some Experiments by Dr. Black, Edin., 
 1776-82. 
 
 The amiability of Dr. Cullen's character elicited the love, 
 whilst his professional attainments commanded the respect, 
 of his associates and the public at large. See his Life by 
 Dr. Anderson in The Bee, vol. i. 
 
 Culley, George, 1734-1813. Observations on Live 
 Stock, Lon., 1786, 8vo. Agricult of Northumberland, 
 1797, 8vo ; in conjunction with J. Bailey. 
 "The treatise on live stock has ever been very justly esteemed, 
 
 and the county survey shows an enlightened mind " Donaldson's 
 
 Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Culloch, Me. See MCCULLOCH. 
 
 Cullum, Sir Dudley. Stove ; Phil. Trans., 1694. 
 
 Cullum, Rev. Sir John, 1733-1785, Fellow of St. 
 Catherine Hall, Cambridge ; Rector of Hawstead, 1762 
 Vicar of Great Thurlow, 1774. The Hist, and Antiq. of 
 Hawstead and Hardwick, Suffolk ; 2d ed., with Notes by 
 his brother, Sir Thomas Gery Cullum, Lon., 1813, r. 4to. 
 200 copies printed. The 1st ed. was pub. in Nichols's Bib. 
 
 CUM 
 
 Top. Brit. ; see No. 23. A Remarkable Frost, Phil. Trans., 
 1784. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. 
 
 Cullum, Sir Thomas Gery. Con. to Med. Obs. 
 and Inq., 1794. Mem. Med., 1792. See article next above. 
 
 Cullyer, John. Gent, and Farmer's Assistant, Lou., 
 1798, 12mo. 
 
 " Usefully compiled." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Tables for Gentlemen, Farmers, <fec., Norw., 1803, 12mo. 
 
 Culmer, Rev. Richard. Cathedrall Newes from 
 Canterbury, Lon., 1644, 4to. 
 
 " A most vile pamphlet." Fasti Oxon. 
 
 Dean and Chapter Newes from Canterbury, 1649, 4to. 
 Minister's Hue and Cry, 1651, 4to. Lawless Tithe Robbers 
 Discovered, 1655, 4to. 
 
 "Mr. Richard Culmer was an ignorant person, and with his ig 
 norance one of the most daring schismatics in all that country, 
 [Kent.]" ARCHBISHOP LAUD. 
 
 See an account of Culmer" Blue Dick of Thanet" in 
 Wood's Fasti Oxon. 
 
 Culpepper, Sir John. Speech in Parliament,1641,fol. 
 
 Culpepper, Nathaniel. Almanack, Cauib.,1686,8vo. 
 
 Culpepper, Nicholas, 1616-1654, " student in Phy 
 sic and Astrology," was a violent opponent of the Royal 
 College of Physicians. He pub. a number of works on 
 Medicine, Medical Botany, Astrology, the Aurum Potabile, 
 Ac. : see Watt's Bib. Brit. His English Physician, 1652, 
 fol., has passed through many editions. His Herbal is not 
 without merit : 
 
 " His descriptions of common plants are drawn up with a clear 
 ness and distinction that would not have disgraced a better pen." 
 
 DR. PCLTENEY. 
 
 Culpepper, Sir Thomas. Moral Discourses and 
 Essays, Lon., 1655, 8vo. He pub. several tracts upon 
 Usury, 1661-71, urging the* reduction of the rate of inte 
 rest. See McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Economy. 
 
 Culros, Lady Eli/. M. Ane Godlie Dreame com- 
 pylit in Scotish meter, Edin., 1603, 4to. 
 
 " Lady Culros's Dreame was long popular among the Scottish 
 Presbyterians." DR. LEYDEN. 
 
 Armstrong states in his Essays that he recollected having 
 heard it sung by the peasants to a plaintive air. 
 
 Culverhouse, C. Bread Laws, Lon., 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Culverwell, Ezekiel, a Puritan divine. Treatise 
 of Faith, Lon., 1629, 12mo. A Blessed Estate, 1633, 12mo. 
 Meditations, 1634, 12mo. 
 
 Culverwell, Nath. Light of Nature, &c., 1652, 4to. 
 
 Culy, David. Theolog. works, Boston, 1787, 12mo. 
 
 Cumberland, Earls of. See CLIFFORD, GEORGE, 
 HENRY. 
 
 Cumberland, Denison, Bishop of Clonfert, Ire 
 land, 1763; of Kilmore, 1772. Serm. on Luke xv. 10, 
 1764, 4to ; on John xvi. 2, 3, 1765, 4to. 
 
 Cumberland, George. Anecdotes of the Life of 
 Julio Bonafoni; with a cat. of his Engravings, Lon.^ 1793, 
 8vo. Lewina, &c., 1793, 4to. Hafod, and the neigh 
 bouring scenes, <fcc., 1796, 8vo. Orig. Tales, 1810, 2 vols. 
 Con. to Nic. Jour., 1807, '10, '11. 
 
 Cumberland, Richard, 1632-1718, Fellow of Mag 
 dalen College, Cambridge ; Rector of Brampton ; presented 
 to the living of All-hallows, Stamford, 1667; Bishop of 
 Peterborough, 1691. 1. De Legibus Naturae Disquisitio 
 Philosophise, <fcc., et Elementorum Philosophise Hobbianse 
 Refutatio, Lon., 1672, fol. Lub. et Francf., 1683, 4to. In 
 English by J. Maxwell, Lon., 1727, 4to. Abridged in 
 English by T. Tyrrell, Lon., 1692, 8vo. Trans, with Notes 
 by Rev. John Towers, Dubl., 1750, 4to. In French by 
 Barbeyrac, Amst., 1744, 4to. 
 
 " Ce livre est un des meilleurs sur le droit naturel, quoique un 
 peu abstrait." 
 
 This work, like most others upon the same difficult sub 
 ject, has been superseded by Rutherforth's Institutes of 
 Natural Law, (Lon., 1754-56, 2 vols. 8vo.) 
 
 " Which we think decidedly preferable to any other production 
 on that topic, with which we are acquainted." Hoffman's Legal 
 Study, 112. 
 
 2. An Essay towards the Recovery of Jewish Weights 
 and Measures, 1685, 8vo. 
 
 "It discovers great sagacity, learning, and research. The sub 
 ject is attended with many difficulties, which the bishop of Peter 
 borough combats, perhaps as successfully as could reasonably bo 
 expected. The work was attacked by Bernard in a Latin work on 
 the same subject, published two years after; but it is highly spoken 
 of by Le Clerc." ORME : Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " A good treatise on the subject." BICKERSTETH : Chris. Student, 
 
 3. Sanchoniatho's Hist, of the Phoenicians, trans, from 
 Eusebius de Preparatione Evangelica, with a continuation 
 of it by Eratosthenes Cyranseus, his Canon, Ac., 1720, 
 8vo, posth. 
 
 " A curious and learned work Perhaps there are more learn 
 ing and labour thrown away on these fragments, than their im 
 portance deserves." ORME, ubi supra. 
 
CUM 
 
 4. Origines Gentium Antiquissimae ; or Attempts for 
 discovering the time of the first planting of nations, 1724, 
 8vo, posth. 
 
 " Many curious and obscure particulars are embraced in this 
 work. They are very similar to some of the investigations of 
 Michaelis and Bochart, and are pursued with similar ingenuity 
 and diligence." Ibid. 
 
 " See especially Tract iv., Concerning the possibility of a suffi 
 cient increase of men from the three sons of Noah, to a number 
 large enough to found all the nations mentioned in the oldest cre 
 dible histories," &c.ltfcCuUoch's Lit. of Polit. Economy, 253. 
 
 The pastoral industry, affectionate zeal, and fervent 
 piety of Bishop Cumberland, were as conspicuous as his 
 learning and theological acumen. 
 
 Cumberland, Richard, 1732-1811, was son of De- 
 nison Cumberland, Bishop of Kilmore, grandson of the 
 celebrated Dr. Bentley, and great-grandson of the Bishop 
 of Peterborough. He was educated at Westminster and 
 Trinity College, Cambridge. He became secretary to Lord 
 Halifax, and in 1780 was employed on a secret mission to 
 Spain and Portugal, which resulted in a loss of credit and 
 money. A debt of 5000, expended by him for the pub 
 lic service, was disowned by the ministry, and Cumberland 
 was obliged to part with his patrimony, and retire to Tun- 
 bridge Wells, where he devoted himself entirely to those 
 literary pursuits which had been a source of recreation in 
 better days. We notice some of his principal productions. 
 His comedies of The West Indian, The Wheel of Fortune, 
 The Jew, and The Fashionable Lover, were most favour 
 ably received, and possess unquestionable merit. He dis 
 plays a higher tone of morality than dramatic literature can 
 always claim, and Goldsmith did not hesitate to style him 
 
 " The Terence of England, the mender of Hearts." 
 
 His novels, Arundel, Henry, and John de Lancaster, 
 are devoid of that vivacity and sprightliness which con 
 stitute the soul of fiction. How far his female readers 
 may have resented a characteristic noticed by an eminent 
 authority, we shall not pretend to determine : 
 
 " He had a peculiar taste in love affairs, which induced him to 
 reverse the natural and useful practice of courtship, and to throw 
 upon the softer sex the task of wooing, which is more gracefully, 
 as well as naturally, the province of the man." SIR WALTER SCOTT. 
 
 He pub. several theological tracts, a Version of Fifty of 
 the Psalms of David, The Exodiad, and a poem entitled 
 Calvary, or the Death of Christ. His Anecdotes of Emi 
 nent Painters in Spain during the 16th and 17th centuries, 
 abound in interesting and curious information. In 1785 
 he pub. in 2 vols. the series of Essays under the title of 
 The Observer, enlarged in 1786, pub. in 5 vols. in 1790, 
 and in 1803 incorporated with the British Classics. 
 
 " The Observer, though the sole labour of an individual, is yet 
 rich in variety, both of subject and manner ; in this respect, in 
 deed, as well as in literary interest, and fertility of invention, it 
 may be classed with the Spectator and Adventurer. If inferior to 
 the latter in grandeur of fiction, or to the former in delicate irony 
 and dramatic unity of design, it is wealthier in its literary fund 
 than either, equally moral in its views, and as abundant in the 
 creation of incident. I consider it, therefore, with the exception of 
 the papers just mentioned, as superior, in its powers of attraction, 
 to every other periodical composition." Dr. Drake's Essays, vol. v. 
 
 His last work, pub. in the year of his death, is entitled 
 Retrospection, a Poem in Familiar Verse. The work by 
 which he will be best known to posterity is his Memoirs, 
 interspersed with Anecdotes and Characters of the Most 
 Distinguished Persons of his Time, 1806, 4to. Supp., 
 1807, 4to. With Illustrative Notes, edited by Henry 
 Flanders, [see p. 602, post,'] Phila., 1856, 8vo. 
 
 " It is indeed one of the author's most pleasing works, and con 
 veys a very accurate idea of his talents, feelings, and character, 
 with many powerful sketches of the age which has passed away." 
 SIR WALTER SCOTT. 
 
 Cuming, Patrick. Serm., 1746, 8vo ; do., 1760, 8vo. 
 
 Cuming, Ralph, M.D. Amanuensis Med. et Chir., 
 Lon., 1806, 8vo. 
 
 Cuming, Wm., M.D., 1714-1788, of Dorchester, Eng 
 land, pub. nothing himself, but aided in Hutchin's Hist, 
 of Dorset, and in other publications. 
 
 Cumings, Henry, D.D., of Billerica, Mass., died 
 1823. Fourteen Discourses, pub. separately, 178.3, Ac. 
 
 Cumming, Alex., of Boston, Mass., died 1763. Serm. 
 preached at his own installation, 1761. 
 
 " It is a specimen of his talents, and of his regard to the truths 
 of his gospel." Sewall's Funl. Serm. 
 
 Cumming, Alex., d. 1814. Clock and Watch Work, 
 Lon., 1766, 4to. Gravitation, Edin., 1803, 4to. Broad 
 Wheels of Carriages, 1804, 4to. 
 
 Cumming, James. Feltham's Resolves, with an ac 
 count of the author, Lon., 1806, 8vo. 
 
 Cumming, John, D.D., b. 1810, a native of Aber- 
 deenshire, Scotland. In 1832 he became minister of the 
 Scotch Church in Crown Court, Covent-Garden, London. 
 "He has distinguished himself as a popular preacher, an 
 
 CUN 
 
 acute and skilful controversialist, and a diligent and suc 
 cessful author." Many pages might be quoted in commen 
 dation of his works, although they have not escaped severe 
 criticism. His writings are so numerous that a mere 
 enumeration of titles demands more space than we can 
 well afford. 1. Church of Scotland. 2. Apocalyptic 
 Sketches. 3. Lectures on the Seven Churches. 4. Lect. 
 on Christ's Miracles. 5. Lect. on the Parables. 6. Lect. 
 on Daniel. 7. The Finger of God. 8. Christ our Pass 
 over. 9. The Comforter. 10. A Message from God. 11. 
 The Great Sacrifice. 12. Christ receiving Sinners. 13. Is 
 Christianity from God? 14. Sab. M. Readings on Genesis. 
 15. On Exodus. 16. On Leviticus. 17. Benedictions. 18. 
 Voices of the Night. 19. Of the Day. 20. Of the Dead. 
 21. God in History. 22. Infant Salvation. 23. The Baptis 
 mal Font. 24. Lectures for the Times. 25. Christian Pa 
 triotism. 26. The Communion-Table. 27. Almost Protestant, 
 &c. : 4 Lectures. 28. The Church before the Flood. The 
 following numbers, 29 to 36 inclusive, have been pub. in a vol., 
 under the title of Occasional Discourses: 29. Liberty. 30. 
 Equality. 31. Fraternity. 32. The Revolutionists. 33. 
 The True Charter. 34. The True Succession. 35. Psalm 
 for the Day; Expos, of Ps. xci. 36. Thanksgiving; Ex 
 pos, of Ps. ciii. 37. Our Father ; a Week's Family Prayers. 
 38. An edit, of The Pulpit Psalm Book ; Church of Scot 
 land. 39. An edit, of Fox's Book of Martyrs. 40. An 
 edit, of Albert Barnes's Notes. 41. Trans, of the last 
 French edit, of Bonaventure's Psalter of the Blessed Vir 
 gin. 42. Discussion upon Protestantism, with Daniel 
 French, Esq., held at Hammersmith in April and May, 
 1839. 43. The Tent and the Altar. 44. Daily Family 
 Devotion, 4to. Other works. 
 
 The sale of Dr. Cumming's works has exceeded that of 
 the productions of any other theological writer of the day. 
 
 " The Rev. John Cumming is now the great pulpit orator of Lon 
 don, as Edward Irving was some twenty years since. But very 
 different is the doctor from that strange, wonderfully eloquent, 
 but erratic man. There could not by possibility be a greater con 
 trast. The one all fire, enthusiasm, and semi-madness; the other 
 a man of chastened energy and convincing calmness. The one 
 like a meteor, flashing across the troubled sky, and then vanish 
 ing suddenly in the darkness ; the other like a silver star, shining 
 serenely, and illuminating our pathway with its steady ray." 
 
 " Often have we heard Dr. Cumming, but never without having 
 noticed that he referred either to the Apocalyptic mysteries or to 
 Papacy. These are his two great topics. ... By many able persons 
 it is considered that Dr. Cumming is mistaken in many of the pre 
 dictions which he utters, and that his great abilities are wasted 
 on mysteries which, after all, are unfathomable by mortal mind." 
 Pen-Pictures of Popular English Preachers, ed. 1852, 13-28, q. v. 
 
 " Careful research, acute argument, brilliant illustration, graphic 
 description, and eloquent appeal, all unite in enriching and embel 
 lishing his papers, [Lectures for the Times,] alluring the most indif 
 ferent to read, and compelling the most prejudiced against his 
 views to pause and consider." Edinburgh Ecclesiastical Journal. 
 
 Cumming, Preston. Dictionary of Congregational 
 Principles, Boston, 1852, 12mo. 
 
 Cumming, R. G. Five Tears' Lion Hunting in 
 South Africa, Lon., 2 vols. p. 8vo; 2d ed., 1850. 
 
 " It is difficult to lay the volumes down until the issue of each 
 adventure, as they rapidly follow one another, has been ascer 
 tained." Lon. Quart. Review. 
 
 Cummings, Abr., 1755-1827. Theolog. treatises. 
 
 Cummings, George. Sermon, Lon., 1713, 8vo. 
 
 Cummings, Jacob A., 1773-1820, of Boston, pub. 
 a number of popular educational works. 
 
 Cummings, Maria, an American authoress. The 
 Lamplighter, Boston, 1854, 12mo. So great is the popularity 
 of this work, that 40,000 copies were issued within eight 
 weeks from its first publication, and seventy thousand in 
 about a twelvemonth. 
 
 " There is to us a charm about this story which we cannot fully 
 express. . . . We thank Miss Cummings heartily for the pleasure 
 she has given, and is yet to give, to thousands of readers. May 
 her present success deserved alike by the merits of her book and 
 her motive in writing it stimulate her to further and to more 
 successful exertions!" Norton's Lit. Gazette. 
 
 Mabel Vaughan, Bost., 1857, 12mo. 
 
 "It is a charming story, to which the character of 'Rose' gives 
 the same interest and beauty which little ' Gertrude' and the old 
 'Lamplighter' gave to the author's first production; while, con 
 sidered as a piece of literary mechanism, it is more finished and 
 better sustained. The interest of the story does not flag, and its 
 arrangement and execution are far in advance of 'The Lamp 
 lighter.' " 
 
 Cummings, R. T. Church of Ireland, 12mo. 
 
 Cummying, Mrs. Susannah. Estelle, Lon., 1798, 
 2 vols. 12mo. Juvenile Biography, or the Lives of Little 
 Children, 1801, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Cuninghame, Alex. Dissertatio Medica de Epilep- 
 sia, Lugd. Bat., 1725, 4to. 
 
 Cuninghame, David. Dissertatio Medica de Dy- 
 sentaria, Tr. ad Rh., 1725, 4to. 
 
CUN 
 
 CUN 
 
 Cuiiinghame, James. Warnings, Lon., 1711, 8vo. 
 
 Cuninghame, Wm. Evidences, Lon., 1804, I2ino. 
 Levi's Diss. on Prophecies, 1810, Svo. Apostasy of the 
 Church of Rome, 1818, 8vo. Seals and Trumpets of the 
 Apocalypse, Ac., 1813, Svo; 4th ed., 1843, Svo. 
 
 " Few works which have lately appeared on the Apocalypse have 
 higher claims to the character of research and ingenuity. Many 
 of his remarks on the seals and trumpets are original and well 
 supported." ORME. 
 
 " A soberly written and truly valuable work." T. H. HORNE. 
 
 See Lon. Christian Observer, xiii. 163-180. 
 
 "This work contains much valuable instruction, just applica 
 tion and true exposition. . . . All of Mr. C.'s works deserve consi 
 deration." BICKEESTETH : see Christian Student and Guide to the 
 Prophecies. 
 
 This learned layman has pub. several other valuable 
 theological works. 
 
 " Mr. Cuninghame deserves well of every friend to revelation 
 for his zeal and perseverance in defending its evidence and illus 
 trating its subjects." ORME : Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Cnnn, Samuel. Mathemat. works, Lon., 1714-45. 
 
 Cunningham, Alexander, 1654-1737 ? a native of 
 Ettrick, Scotland, was British Envoy to Venice, 1715-20. 
 The celebrated criticisms on Horace, pub. in 1721, 2 vols. 
 Svo, and some remarks on Virgil, pub. 1742, have been 
 attributed to this person, but there seems to be but little 
 doubt that the annotations in question are to be ascribed 
 to another Alexander Cunningham, who died at the Hague 
 in 1730. See Chalmers's Biog. Diet, and Scots' Mag. for 
 Oct., 1804. The subject of this article wrote The History 
 of Great Britain from 1688 to the Accession of George I. 
 Trans, from the Latin into English, by Rev. Dr. Wm. Thom 
 son, and pub. by Rev. Dr. Thos. Hollingberry. 
 
 "It contains many curious anecdotes and facts not to be found 
 in other histories, and which throw new light on several important 
 transactions in this kingdom." 
 
 Cunningham, Allan, 1785-1842, a native of Black- 
 wood, near Dalswinton, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, was the 
 son of a gardener. He was apprenticed to his uncle, a 
 country mason, but feeling dissatisfied with this position, 
 he removed in 1810 to London, where he became connected 
 with the newspaper press. In 1814 he was so fortunate as 
 to obtain the situation of Clerk and overseer of the esta 
 blishment of the celebrated sculptor, Sir Francis Chantrey. 
 This association was only dissolved by the death of Sir 
 Francis in November, 1841. Cunningham survived his 
 friend and patron less than a twelvemonth. He industriously 
 devoted his leisure time to those literary pursuits for which 
 he had a strong natural predilection, and obtained an ho 
 nourable position among the celebrities of the day. Among 
 his earlier compositions were many of the pieces in Cromek's 
 Remains of Nithsdale and Galloway Song, pub. in 1810; 
 q. v. In 1822 appeared his dramatic poem of Sir Marma- 
 duke Maxwell. 
 
 " Many parts of the poetry are eminently beautiful. . . . The 
 feult which, I think, attaches to Lord Maxwell, is a want of distinct 
 precision and intelligibility about the story, which counteracts, 
 especially with ordinary readers, the effect of beautiful and forcible 
 diction, poetical imagery, and animated description." Sir Walter 
 ScoWs Letters to the Author. 
 
 2. Traditionary Tales of the Peasantry, 1822, 2 vols. 
 3. LordRoldan; a Romance, 3 vols. 4. Sir Michael Scott; 
 a Romance, 3 vols. 5. Paul Jones ; a Romance, 3 vols. 
 
 " It has established the author's character as one of the most dis 
 tinguished writers in the province of fiction." Lon.N. Monthly Mag. 
 
 6. The Maid of Elwar; a Romance. 7. Songs of Scot 
 land, Ancient and Modern, with an Essay and Notes, his 
 torical and literary, 1825, 4 vols. cr. Svo. 
 
 "'The Ettrick Shepherd has collected not a few of those things,' 
 said Scott, ' and I suppose many snatches of song may yet be found.' 
 Cunningham: ' I have gathered many such things myself, Sir Wal 
 ter, and as I still propose to make a collection of all Scottish songs 
 of poetic merit, I shall work up many of my stray verses and cu 
 rious anecdotes in the notes.' Scott : ' I am glad that you are about 
 such a thing ; any help which I can give you, you may command ; 
 ask me any questions, no matter how many, I shall answer them 
 if I can. Don't be timid in your selection ; our ancestors fought 
 boldly, spoke boldly, and sang boldly too.'" See Cunningham's 
 Recollections of Scott, in Lockhart's Biography of Sir Walter. 
 
 8. Lives of the Most Eminent British Painters, Sculp 
 tors, and Architects, 1829-33, 6 vols. 12mo. In Murray's 
 Family Library. Perhaps the most popular of Cunning 
 ham s works. 
 
 The critical observations profusely scattered through these 
 Biograph,es will render them useful to the student, while the per 
 sonal anecdotes with which they abound make them equally allur 
 ing to the ordinary reader." 
 
 9. Biog. and Grit. Hist, of the Literature of the last Fifty 
 Years; pub. in the London Athenaeum for 1833 ; repub in 
 Paris, Svo. 10. The Works of Robert Burns, with a New 
 Life and Notes, 1834 ; 2d edit., 1835, 8 vols. Svo. This edi 
 tion is highly commended. 11. Biog. and Grit Disserta 
 tions to Major's Cabinet Gallery of Pictures, 1833-34, 
 2 vols. r. Svo ; 73 beautiful engravings. 
 
 "A magnificent work, and a treasury of instructive criticism." 
 Dr. Dibdiris Reminiscences. 
 
 Only two days before his death Cunningham completed, 
 12. The Life, Journals, and Correspondence of his friend 
 Sir David Wilkie, pub. in 1843, in 3 vols. Svo. Sir Robert 
 Peel had remarked, 
 
 " If ever Sir David Wilkie's correspondence shall see the light, 
 it will, I am confident, serve to add to the honour in which he is 
 already held, from the devotion which is manifest to his art, and 
 the generosity which it testifies towards every competitor." 
 
 It is no small praise conferred by a London journal of 
 high authority, that 
 
 " Mr. Allan Cunningham has done justice to his subject, and 
 produced a work of great interest and utility." Gentleman's Mag. 
 
 In addition to the works noticed above, we should not 
 omit to record the fact that, Mr. Cunningham was a contri 
 butor to the excellent Conversation Lexicon, pub. by Blackie 
 <fc Son, of Edinburgh, in 28 parts, and to several of the 
 periodicals of the day. In 1847 an edit, of his Poems and 
 Songs was pub. by his son, Mr. Peter Cunningham. 
 
 " The works of the most tender and pathetic of the Scottish min 
 strels, in a cheap and elegant form." Blackwootfs Mag. 
 
 Many interesting particulars, letters, <fcc. relative to our 
 author will be found in Lockhart's Life of Sir Walter Scott, 
 with an extract from which, and a few lines from a distin 
 guished female critic, we must conclude our article: 
 
 " November 14. We breakfasted at honest Allan Cunningham's 
 honest Allan a leal and true Scotchman of the old cast. A 
 man of genius, besides, who only requires the tact of knowing 
 when and where to stop, to attain the universal praise which ought 
 to follow it. I look upon the alteration of 'It's hame and it's 
 hame,' and ' A wet sheet and a flowing sea,' as among the best songs 
 going. His prose has often admirable passages ; but he is obscure, 
 and overlays his meaning, which will not do now-a-days, when he 
 who runs must read." Sir Walter Scotfs Diary. 
 
 " His ballads and lyrical pieces are exquisite in feeling, chaste 
 and elegant in style, graceful in expression, and natural in concep 
 tion; they will bear the strictest and most critical inspection of 
 those who consider elaborate flourish to be, at least, the second re 
 quisite of the writers of song." MRS. HALL. 
 
 Cunningham, Francis. Origen against Celsus, 
 Camb., 1812, Svo. Letter to Lord Bexley, 1827, Svo. 
 
 Cunningham, Francis. Trans, of Gieseler's Text- 
 Book of Ecclesiastical History, Lon., 1842, 3 vols. Svo. 
 See DAVIDSON, REV. SAMUEL, LL.D. 
 
 " I prefer Gieseler's to any other Church history." PROF. STUART. 
 
 Cunningham, G. Cheerful Companion; Songs, 
 Catches, and Glees, 1797. 
 
 Cunningham, George Godfrey. Foreign Tales 
 and Traditions, Lon., 2 vols. 12mo. Editor of A History of 
 England in the Lives of Englishmen; last edit., 1853, 8 vols. 
 Svo, Lon. and Edin. This excellent work is beyond all 
 praise. We have occasionally been indebted to its learned 
 and attractive pages, as the reader will observe by the re 
 ferences in the present work. We should dwell longer upon 
 its merits, but that we find ready for our purpose the fol 
 lowing eulogies from sources of a higher character than 
 we can claim : 
 
 " In originality and excellence of plan, this work is entitled to 
 command an extensive sale. The matter for copiousness and con 
 densation, and the style for clearness, vigour, and impartiality, are 
 eminently distinguished. The introductions are excellent, and 
 not unworthy of our very best constitutional writers." Lon. 
 Monthly Review. 
 
 " Embodying the history of England in the lives of Englishmen, 
 and the nearest approach, compatible with truth, to the historical 
 plays of Shakspeare, and the historical novels of Scott. We warmly 
 recommend the work as a mine of valuable information presented 
 in the most attractive form." Taifs Edin. Mag. 
 
 Cunningham, Isabella, Countess of Glencairn. A 
 Letter to the Rt. Hon. Spencer Perceval, Bristol, 1812, 4to. 
 
 Cunningham, J. W., Vicar of Harrow. World with 
 out Souls, Lon., 1805, 12mo ; many edits. Essay on Intro- 
 due. Christianity in India, 1808, Svo. The Velvet Cushion, 
 1814, Svo; many edits. It excited much controversy. 
 Morning Thoughts, 1825, 12mo. De Ranee; a Poem, Svo. 
 Serms., 3d edit., 1823, 2 vols. Svo, and 1824. Lectures on 
 Jonah. Other works. 
 
 Cunningham, James. Essay upon the Inscription 
 of MacduflPs Crosse in Fyfe. By I. C., Edin., 1678, 4to; 
 also attributed to James Carmichael. 
 
 " A learned essay." BISHOP NICOLSON : Scot. Hist. Lib. 
 
 In Floridum Asaphensem Episcopum, Scotorum Reges, 
 Regnum, Ritus sacros, <fec., 1685. 
 
 A writer "who slew the Bishop of St. Asaph in verse." 
 Vide Bp. Nicolson, ubi supra. 
 
 Cunningham, James. Voyage to China, Ac.; in 
 Phil. Trans., 1702; and in Harris's Voyages, i. 852. Con. 
 to Phil. Trans., 1700-03. 
 
 Cunningham, Major James. Brigade of Infantry 
 1804, 4to. The Tactics of the British Army, 1804, 4to. 
 
 Cunningham, John, 1729-1773, a native of Dub 
 lin, an actor, gained considerable reputation as a poet 
 
GUN 
 
 CUR 
 
 Love in a Mist; a Farce, Dubl., 1747. Elegy on a Pile 
 of Kuins. The Contemplatist ; a Night Piece, 1762, 4to. 
 Fortune; an Apologue, 1765, 4to. Poems, chiefly Pas 
 toral, Lon., 1766, 8vo ; Bdin., 1781, 12mo. 
 
 Cunningham, John. Copemican System, Lon., 
 1789, 8vo. 
 
 Cunningham, Sir John, a lawyer and antiquary, 
 wrote notes on that part of Antonine's Itinerary which 
 respects Scotland. See Nicolson's Scot. Hist. Lib. 
 
 Cunningham, Capt. Joseph D. A History of the 
 Sikhs, Lon., 1849, Svo. 
 
 " A more systematic history of the sect called Sikhs than we had 
 hitherto obtained from the many interesting sketches which have 
 appeared on the subject." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 Cunningham, Josh. Eccles. Courts in Ireland, 1834. 
 
 Cunningham, Josias. Miscell. Poems, 1764, fol. 
 
 Cunningham, Lady Margaret, a part of her Life; 
 edited by C. K. Sharpe, Edin., 1826. 4to. Privately printed. 
 
 Cunningham, Peter, surgeon R. N. Hints for Aus 
 tralian Emigrants, Lon., 1841, p. 8vo. Two Years in New 
 South Wales, 1828, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " The best book of general information that has been written on 
 that interesting country." Lon. Monthly Mag. 
 
 Essays on Electricity, Lon., 1834, p. 8vo. 
 
 Cunningham, Peter, b. 1816, in Pimlico, eldest son 
 of Allan Cunningham, (ante,) and a son-in-law of John 
 Martin, the painter, became a junior-clerk in the Audit- 
 Office in 1834, and a chief-clerk in 1854. 1. The Life of 
 Drummond of Hawthornden, Lon., 1835, 12mo. 2. Songs 
 of England and Scotland, 1835, 2 vols. 12mo. 3. Campbell's 
 Spec, of the Brit. Poets, <fec., 1841, r. 8vo. 4. The Hand- 
 Book for Visitors to Westminster Abbey, 1842, fp. 8vo. 
 
 " A very complete and intelligent guide." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 5. The Life of Inigo Jones, 1848. 6. Hand-Book of 
 London, 1849, 2 vols. p. 8vo ; 2d ed., 1850, p. 8vo. 
 
 " The extraordinary research displayed by the author gives his 
 work a literary charm which is a novelty in a dictionary." 
 Chambers' s Edin. Jour. 
 
 7. Modern London, 1851, fp. 8vo ; 3d ed., 1854, fp. 8vo. 
 " It is one of the excellencies of this little volume that wherever 
 
 genius has left a footmark Mr. Cunningham's sympathies induce 
 him to guide us to the track." Lon. Quar. Rev., April, 1854. 
 
 8. The Story of Nell Gwynne, Ac., 1852, p. 8vo. 9. Pre 
 fatory Memoir of J. M. W. Turner, prefixed to John Bur- 
 net's Turner and his Works, 1852, 4to. 10. The Works 
 of Oliver Goldsmith, 1854, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Cunningham, whose scrupulous exactness is generally 
 known, has furnished' the first complete and accurate reprint of 
 Goldsmith. Numerous errors which had crept into previous edi 
 tions are corrected, omitted passages are restored, and entire pieces 
 have been added. . . . The new edition of the works of Goldsmith 
 forms part of a series of the British Classics which is undoubtedly 
 the best selected and edited, the cheapest and the handsomest, that 
 has ever issued from the press." Lon. Quar. Rev., Oct. 1854. 
 
 11. Johnson's Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets, 
 <fcc., 1854, 3 vols. 8vo. An excellent edition. 12. The Works 
 of Alexander Pope : see CROKER, RT. HON. JOHN WILSON, 
 D.C.L. 13. The Letters of Horace Walpole, Earl of Orford, 
 Ac., 1857-58, 9 vols. 8vo : see Athen., 1857, '58. Mr. Cunning 
 ham has contributed a number of articles to Eraser's Mag,. 
 Household Words, The Athenaeum, Ulust. London News, <fcc. 
 
 Cunningham, Timothy. Tithes, 4th ed., Lon., 
 1777, 8vo. Bills of Exchange, 6th ed., 1778, 8vo. Super 
 seded. Merchant's Lawyer, 3d ed., 1768, 2 vols. 8vo. Law 
 Diet., 3d ed., 1782, '83, 2 vols. 4to. A useful work for obso 
 lete words in charters, <fec., Laws resp. Game, 1764, 12mo. 
 Cases in K. B., 1766, fol. Pleadings in Actions, 1771, 4to. 
 Customs,<fcc., 3d ed., 1778, 8vo. Inns of Court and Chancery, 
 1780, 8vo, and 1790. Rights of Election, 1783, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Law of Simony, 1784, 8vo. Laws and Constitution, 1763, 
 8vo. Lord Ward's Justices of the Peace, 3 762, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Cunningham, Wm., M.D. Lecturer in 1565 at Sur 
 geons' Hall, London. The Cosmographical Glasse, Lon., 
 1559, fol. Almanack, 1566, 8vo and 16mo. Comment on 
 Hippocrates, <fec. 
 
 Cunningham, Wm., D.D. Veto Act, Edin., 1840, 
 8vo. Speech, 1841. 
 
 Cunninghame. Explication of ThrisseFs Banner. 
 With a Plate of the Banner, 1640, 4to. 
 
 Cunninghame, Wm. Principles of the Constitu 
 tion of Governments, with Illustrations from the Classics, 
 Lon., 1811, 4to; 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Cunynghame, Alex. Sermon, 1770, 8vo. 
 
 Cupper, Wm. Certaine Sermons, Lon., 1592, 8vo. 
 
 Curate, Jacob. Scotch Presb. Eloquence, Lon., 
 1692, 4to. 
 
 Curling, Thomas B., Assist. Surg. to the London 
 Hospital. Diseases of the Testis, <fcc., Lon., 1843, 8vo. A 
 Treatise on Tetanus, 1836, 8vo. 
 
 " The best monograph extant on tetanus." Annals of Med. 
 
 Diseases of the Rectum ; 2d ed., 8vo. 
 
 Curll, Edmund, d. 1748, a London bookseller, is 
 embalmed in the bitter herbs of the Dunciad. Curlism 
 Displayed, Lon., 1712, 12mo. Atterburyana, 1727, 12mo. 
 Court Secrets, 1727, 12mo. The unfortunate bibliopole 
 lost his ears for publishing some licentious pieces. If the 
 same justice were now meted out to the craft, many pri 
 vateers would be in danger of capture. 
 
 Curll, Walter, Bishop of Winchester. Serm., Lon., 
 1622, 4to; repub. in 1712, 8vo, with Some Account of 
 Walter, Bishop of Winchester, Ac. 
 
 Curr, Edward. Van Diemen's Land, Lon., 1820, 
 12mo. See Articles on the Australian Colonies, and no 
 tices on the above " excellent work" in the Lon. Quart, 
 and the Westm. Reviews. 
 
 Curr, John. The Practical Coal Viewer and Engine 
 Builder's Companion, 1797, 4to. 
 
 Curran, John Philpot, 1750-1817, an eminent 
 member of the Irish Bar and House of Commons, was a 
 native of Newmarket, near Cork. He succeeded Mr. 
 Ponsonby as Master of the Rolls, and retired in 1814 on 
 a pension of 3000 per annum. "He animated every 
 debate with all his powers. He was copious, splendid, 
 full of wit, and life, and ardour." Speeches, Dubl., 1805, 
 8vo; 1808 ; new ed., with a Memoir, 1845, 8vo; do., 1847. 
 Life by his son, W. H. Curran, 1819, 2 vols. 8vo. Letters 
 to Rev. H. Weston, 1819, 8vo. Memoirs of, by Wm. O'Re- 
 gan, 1817, 8vo. Recollections of, by Charles Phillips, 
 1818, 8vo ; 4th ed., 1851, 8vo. 
 
 " Certainly one of the most extraordinary pieces of biography 
 ever produced. Nothing can be more lively and picturesque than 
 its representation of the famous original. The reader can hardly 
 be said not to have known Curran and Curran's contemporaries. 
 It has been justly said of this admirable work that it is Boswell 
 minus Bozzy." LOKD BROUGHAM. 
 
 The Life of Curran, by his Son, (ut *upra,} was repub- 
 lished in New York in 1819, and again in 1855, edited by 
 Dr. R. Shelton Mackenzie, with considerable additions, <fcc. 
 
 Curray. Collection of Sentences, 1732. 
 
 Currey, C. The Four Gospels exhibited as one con 
 tinued Narrative, Lon., 1834, 4to. 
 
 "An unassuming but neatly executed volume." T. H. HORNE, 
 
 Currey, George. Hulsean Lectures, 1851, Camb., 
 1851, 8vo. 
 
 Currie, James, M.D., 1756-1805, a native of Dum 
 friesshire, Scotland, practised medicine at Edinburgh and 
 Liverpool, and finally settled at Bath on account of ill 
 health. Letter to Pitt, commercial and political, by J. 
 Wilson, 1793. Water in Fever, 1797, 8vo; 5th ed., 1814, 
 2 vols. 8vo. Of Tetanus ; Med. Mem., iii. 147. Immer 
 sion in Water; Phil. Trans., 1792. The following work 
 was generously undertaken for the benefit of the poet's 
 widow and children : The Works of Robert Burns, with 
 Life and Criticism, Liverp., 1800, 4 vols. Svo; again in 
 1814 ; 1820, with addit. notes by Gilbert Burns. Dr. Cur- 
 rie's Memoir of Burns has been incorporated with later 
 editions. See BURNS, ROBERT. 
 
 " If you have not got Currie's edition of Burns, you will thank 
 me for telling you of it." SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH. 
 
 "As a compact and regular memoir, the work is a failure. . . , 
 The charm lies in the perfect sincerity, fine sensibility, and easy 
 style of the whole composition. ... It was a labour of love and 
 of charity. . . The good and generous Currie." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM. 
 
 Currie, Wm., M.D. Foxglove; Mem. Med., iv. 10, 
 1795. Insalubrity of Marshy Situations; Trans. Amen. 
 Soc., 1799. 
 
 Curry, G. G., M. D. Tetanus; Med. Trans., 1813. 
 
 Curry, James, M. D. Drowning, 1792, 8vo. Mer 
 cury, 1810, 8vo. Causes of the late high Price of Provi 
 sions, 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Curry, John, M.D. Fevers, 1773; Nature of ditto, 
 
 1774. Hist. Review of the Civil Wars of Ireland, Lon., 
 
 1775, 4to, anon. ; 2d ed., with name, enlarged and edited 
 by C. O'Conor, 1786, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "A valuable work by honest Curry." THOMAS MOORE. 
 
 Hist. Mem. of the Irish Rebellion in 1641. 
 
 Curry, Thomas, and W. B. Miller. Reports of 
 Cases in S. Court of Louisiana, 1830-41, 19 vols., New 
 Orleans, 1831-41. The first 5 vols. reported by Miller, 
 the remaining 14 by Curry. 
 
 Curry, Otway, of Cincinnati. Poems. 
 
 Curry, Wm. Abridgt. and Cont, of Blackstone's 
 Commentaries, Lon., 1796, 8vo ; 2d ed., 1809, 8vo. 
 
 " Ably executed, and extremely useful for revision." Hoffman's 
 Leg. Stu. 
 
 Curson, Henry. Lex Customaria, 1696, 8vo. Comp, 
 of Laws, 1699, 12mo. Sciences Illustrated, 1702, 8vo. 
 Estates Taile, 1703, 8vo. Arcana Clericalia, 1705, 8vo. 
 
 Curson, John. Vindication from Aspersions. 
 
 Curteis, Thomas. Essays and Sermons, 1704-3L 
 
CUR 
 
 CUR 
 
 Cartels, Thomas. Serm., Maidstone, 1820, 8vo. 
 
 Curteis, W. C. Reports Ecclesiastical Courts, 1834 
 -44, Lon., 1840-44, 3 vols. 8vo. Case of Mastin v. Escott, 
 1842, 8vo. 
 
 Curties, Marianne. Classical Pastime, in a Set of 
 Poetical Enigmas on the Planets and Zodiacal Signs, 
 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Curties, T. J. Horseley. Novels, 1801, '02, '04, '05. 
 
 Curtin, Samuel, M.D. Observations on the Yellow 
 Fever of the West Indies; Med. Com., 1785. 
 
 Curtis. Dissertation on the Unreasonableness, Folly, 
 and Danger of Infidelity, Lon., 1725, 8vo. 
 
 Curtis, Alva, M.D., b. 1797, in New Hampshire ; for 
 twenty years editor of Physio-Medical Recorder in Cin 
 cinnati. Medical Discussions, 1833, 12mo. Lectures on 
 Obstetrics, 1838, 8vo. Lectures on the Theory and Prac 
 tice of Medicine, 1842, 8vo; repub. in England, 1847. 
 Medical Criticisms ; or, A Review of all Systems, 1856. 
 
 Curtis, Mrs. Anne, sister of Mrs. Siddons. Poems 
 on Miscellaneous Subjects, Lon., 1783, 12mo. 
 
 " Published, we presume, for the sake of the subscription. which 
 might be necessary for the authoress. The public is very frequently 
 addressed in worse poetry." Lon. Month. Her., 1783. 
 
 Curtis, Benjamin R., b. 1809, Watertown, Mass., 
 graduated at Harvard University in 1829 ; studied law 
 under Mr. Justice Story in the same institution; practised 
 in Boston; appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme 
 Court of the United States, Sept. 1851; resigned, and 
 returned to the Bar, 1857. 1. Reports of Cases in the 
 Circuit Courts of the United States, Bost., 1854 : vols. i., 
 ii., 1857. 
 
 " It is almost superfluous to say that these Reports are of great 
 Talue. Next to the leading elementary treatises, and the reports 
 of decisions in his own State, every American lawyer most needs the 
 reports of the decisions of the United States Supreme Court and of 
 the several associate justices thereof in their respective circuits." 
 
 2. Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States, 
 with Notes and a Digest, comprising the Cases reported by 
 Dallas, 4 vols. ; Cranch, 9 vols. ; Wheaton, 12 vols.; Peters, 
 16 vols.; Howard, 17 vols. ; Bost., 22 vols., including a 
 Digest. The Old Series of these Reports are in 58 volumes, 
 the catalogue price of which is $222. This edition is pub. 
 at $3 per vol. 
 
 " This work contains the decisions of the Supreme Conrt of the 
 United States. The opinions of the Court are in all cases given as 
 they have been printed by the authorized reporters, after correct- 
 Ing such errors of the press or of citation as a careful examination 
 of the text has disclosed. 
 
 "I have endeavored to give in the head-notes the substance of 
 each decision. They are designed to show the points decided by 
 the court, not the dicta or reasonings of the judges. 
 
 " The statements of the cases have been made as brief as pos 
 sible. For many years, it has been the habit of all the judges of 
 this court to set forth in their opinions the facts of the cases as 
 the court viewed them in making their decisions. Such a state 
 ment, when complete, renders any other superfluous. When not 
 found complete, I have not attempted to restate the whole case, but 
 have supplied, in the report, such facts or documents as seemed to 
 me to be wanting. 
 
 " In some cases turning upon questions or complicated states 
 of fact, and not involving any matter of law, I have not thought 
 it necessary to encumber the work with detailed statements of 
 evidence which no one would find it useful to recur to. These in 
 stances, however, are few. 
 
 " To each case is appended a note referring to all subsequent 
 decisions in which the case in the text has been mentioned. It 
 will thus be easy to ascertain whether a decision has been over 
 ruled, doubted, qualified, explained, or affirmed, and to see what 
 other applications have been made of the same or analogous prin 
 ciples. 
 
 " The paging of the authorized reporters has been preserved at 
 the head of each case, and in each margin of each page, for con 
 venience of reference; the reporters being designated by their 
 initials, D. for Dallas, C. for Cranch, W. for Wheaton, P. for 
 Peters, H. for Howard." Extract from the Preface. 
 
 "We approve the plan of Mr. Justice Curtis's 'Decisions of the 
 Supreme Court of the United States,' and believe that its execu 
 tion by him will be of much utility to the legal profession and to 
 our country. 
 
 "ROGER B.TANET, Chief Justice. 
 " PETER V. DANIEL, Associate Justice. 
 " JOHN MCLEAN, Associate Justice. 
 " SAMUEL NELSON, Associate Justice. 
 "JAMES M. WATNE, Associate Justice. 
 "ROBERT C. GRIER, Associate Justice. 
 "JOHN CATROS, Associate Justice. 
 _. "S. A. CAMPBH.L, Associate Justice." 
 
 3. A Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of the 
 United States, from the Origin of the Court to the Close of 
 the December Term, 1854, 8vo. 
 
 Curtis, Charles, M.D. Diseases of India, Edin., 
 1807, 8vo. 
 
 Curtis, Charles. Answer to Dr. Parr, Lon., 1792, 8vo 
 
 Curtis, George Ticknor, b. 1812, at Watertown! 
 
 Mass., an eminent legal writer of Boston. 1. A Digest of 
 
 Cases adjudicated in the Courts of Admiralty in the U.S. 
 
 and in the H.C. of Admiralty in England, Bost., 1839, 8vo. 
 2. A Digest of the Decisions of the Courts of Common Law 
 and Admiralty in the U.S. : vol. i., by T. Metcalf and J. C. 
 Perkins ; vols. ii. and iii., by G. T. Curtis, Bost., 1840-46, 
 3 vols. 8vo. 3. A Treatise on the Rights and Duties of 
 Merchant Seamen according to the General Maritime Law 
 and the Statutes of the U.S., Bost., 1841, 8vo; Lon., 8vo. 
 
 " I think the work is written with great ability, accuracy, and 
 learning, and, if published, it will constitute by far the most 
 valuable treatise now in existence on this highly-important branch 
 of law, and will be worthy of extensive public patronage." JOSEPH 
 STORY. 
 
 This work should accompany ABBOT on Shipping, (q. v. ) 
 
 4. The American Conveyancer, Bost., 1846, 12mo ; new 
 ed., 1847. 
 
 " This work has evidently been prepared with great care." 
 
 5. A Treatise on the Law of Copyright, &c. as adminis 
 tered in Eng. and Amer., Bost., 1847, 8vo; Lon., r. 8vo. 
 
 " So far as we know, there is in our language no work upon 
 literary property so complete and satisfactory as this treatise by 
 Mr. Curtis." W. Amer. Rev. 
 
 " A full and lucid exposition of the law as it is upon the subject 
 in question." Western Law Journal. 
 
 6. Treatise on the Law of Patents for Useful Inventions 
 in the U.S. of America, Bost, 1849, 8vo. 
 
 "It is valuable not only to gentlemen of the law, but to the 
 originators and proprietors of useful inventions generally." Law 
 Reporter. 
 
 7. Equity Precedents : designed as a Supplement to 
 illustrate and accompany Mr. Justice Story's Treatise on 
 Equity Pleadings : vol. i., ]850, 8vo. 
 
 " We are much pleased to see a collection of really useful Equity 
 precedents collected and edited in the very excellent manner in 
 which31r. Curtis has prepared this book." American Law Journal. 
 
 8. The Inventor's Manual and Guide to the Patent- 
 Office, Boston, 12mo. 
 
 " This is an important work for ingenious men, showing them, 
 when they have made a patentable invention, how a patent is to 
 be obtained and how to protect it from infringement. It is the 
 design of the book to explain the law of Patents to practical men, 
 and to give full directions how to obtain, renew, or extend a patent." 
 
 9. History of the Origin, Formation, and Adoption of 
 the Constitution of the U. States, with Notices of its Prin 
 cipal Framers, New York, 8vo : vol. i., pp. 500, pub. in 
 1855 ; vol. ii., pp. 653, 1858. In the preparation of this work 
 the Hon. Daniel Webster took a lively interest, and almost 
 with his dying breath urged Mr. Curtis to complete what 
 he had undertaken. Mr. Webster at one time designed a 
 work of this character himself. 
 
 "You have a future: I have none. You are writing a History 
 of the Constitution. You will write that work : I shall not. Go on, 
 by all means ; and you shall have every aid that I can give you." 
 
 These words were spoken by Mr. Webster but a short 
 time before his death. 
 
 See a review of vol. i. in Norton's Literary Gazette, 
 New York, Jan. 1, 1855. 
 
 " Mr. Curtis writes with vigour and dignity ; and his work, if the 
 second volume be equal to the first, will be one of permanent in 
 terest." Lon. Athenseum. 
 
 "In fulness and explicitness of detail, clearness of method, im 
 partiality of statement, and the pervading spirit of reverence and 
 love for the Constitution and the Union, Mr. Curtis has equalled 
 the highest expectations of his friends and the demands of the 
 theme. His history must take its place among the standard works 
 in its department. While it will be read with unflagging interest, 
 its copious index fits it to be a permanent reference-book as to the 
 whole ground that it covers." N. Amer. Rev., clxxx., July, 1858. 
 (Review of vol. ii.) 
 
 10. Commentaries on the Jurisdiction, Practice, and 
 Peculiar Jurisprudence of the Courts of the United States, 
 Phila., 2 vols. 8vo : vol. i., 1854; vol. ii., 1858. 
 
 "Mr. Curtis's Commentaries is a work of much value. Indeed, 
 it could not fail to be so, coming as it does from the hands of one 
 so justly eminent in the Profession. I take pleasure in recom 
 mending it, although my recommendation can hardly be necessary 
 to attract to it the attention of the Profession." R. B. TANET. 
 
 " Mr. Curtis's book will be of much service, by the clear arid 
 luminous exposition it contains of matters interesting not merely 
 to the lawyer, but also to the statesman and the patriot." Law 
 Reporter, Nov. 1854. 
 
 Curtis, George William, born in 1824, at Provi 
 dence, Rhode Island, has attained considerable celebrity 
 as an author. 1. Nile Notes of a Howadji, New York, 
 1851, 12mo, Lon., 1852. 
 
 " A brilliant book, full of vivid feeling and fancy." LEIGH HCN* 
 
 "Of such a land what new thing remains for prose-poet to sing 
 or word-painter to draw? The answer is this little book, the 
 unrhymed poem wild, wilful, fantastic, but very beautiful of a 
 wanderer from beyond the Atlantic, who has brought a fresh eye 
 and heart to see the wonders of Egypt and a master-hand to re 
 cord them." Lon. Weekly News. 
 
 "We heartily congratulate American literature on this addition 
 to the list in which Melville, Ik Marvel, and Dr. Mayo flourish." 
 New York Albion. 
 
 "Our Howadji is a gentleman of exquisite poetic taste, refined 
 but glowing in feeling and fancy, polished in his style, and alto 
 gether a most captivating writer." 
 
CUR 
 
 CUS 
 
 2. The Howadji in Syria, New York, 1852, 12mo; Lon., 
 1852. 3. Lotus Eating, a Summer Book, New York, 1852, 
 12mo; Lon., 1852. 
 
 " Brilliant, sketchy, and here and there philosophical Though 
 
 at times a little too highly coloured, yet it is gracefully written, 
 and will add to the fame of its Howadji author." Norton's Lite 
 rary Gazette. 
 
 4. The Potiphar Papers, reprinted from Putnam's (New 
 York) Monthly Magazine, with Illustrations by Augustus , 
 Hoppin, New York, 1854, 12mo. 
 
 " To readers outside the pale of fashionable frivolity they will i 
 be recommended by their gayety of humour no less than by their | 
 sharp satire. As specimens of polished invective, they are rivalled ' 
 by the productions of few of our modern Juvenals." GEORGE \ 
 KIPLEY. 
 
 5. Prue and I, N. York, 1856, 12mo. Rural Essays, 
 by A. J. Downing, edited by G. W. Curtis, with a Memoir 
 of the author. See DOWNING, A. J. 
 
 Curtis, Henry. Beauties of the Rose, pub. in num 
 bers, Lon., 1851, &c., 4to. 
 
 " Curtis's Beauties of the Rose will make a splendid work." 
 Gardeners' and Land Stewards' .Journal. 
 
 Curtis, Jas. Travels in Barbary in 1801, Lon., 1803. 
 
 Curtis, John. British Entomology, Lon., 1824-40, 
 193 Nos., 16 vols. r. 8vo, 43 16*. New issue in course 
 of publication. 
 
 " For elegance of design, accuracy of execution, and beauty of 
 drawing, this work cannot be exceeded." Wood's Cat. of Insects. 
 
 Curtis, John H. Diseases of the Ear, Lon., 8vo; 
 5th ed., 1836. 
 
 " The results of his experience appear to have been particularly 
 favourable." Lon. Med. and Phys. Journal. 
 
 Present State of Aural Surgery. 
 
 " The author appears well versed in its diseases." Lon. Lancet. 
 
 Diseases of the Eye, 2d ed., 1835, 8vo. 
 
 " Whoever will attend to the sensible advice given in the chap 
 ter on sight and spectacles, will have reason to thank Mr. Curtis 
 for an unimpaired eyesight to old age." Lon. Med. and Phys. Jour. 
 
 Essay on the Deaf and Dumb. 
 
 " Mr. Curtis is entitled to the best thanks of the public." Lon. 
 Lancet. 
 
 Mr. C. has pub. other valuable works. 
 
 Curtis, R. Treatise on the Teeth, Oxf., 1769, 12mo. 
 
 Curtis, Richard, Bishop of Chichester. Sermons, 
 1573, '75, '76. Trans, of Cardinalis's Treat, on Rom. i. 20, 
 &c., 1577, 8vo. 
 
 Curtis, Lt. Roger. Particulars of the Country of 
 Labradore. See Phil. Trans., 1774. 
 
 Curtis, Samuel. A Monograph on the Genus Ca 
 mellia, Lon., 1822, large fol. 3 3s., col'd, 6 16s. 6d. The 
 plates are from nature, by Clara Maria Pope. In conjunc 
 tion with Sir W. J. Hooker, Mr. Curtis superintended the 
 New Series of the Botanical Magazine. 
 
 Curtis, Thomas. The Existing Monopoly, Ac. Aut. 
 Vers. of the Scriptures, Lon., 1833, 8vo. See Home's In 
 troduction to the Scriptures. 
 
 Curtis, William, 1746-1799, a native of Alton, 
 Hampshire, had botanical gardens successively at Ber- 
 mondsey, Lambeth, Marsh, and Brompton. 1. Collecting 
 Insects, &c., 1771, 8vo. 2. Fundamenta Entomologise ; 
 trans, from Linnaeus, with addits., Lon., 1772, 4to. 3. Flora 
 Londinensis, Lon., 1774, Ac., fol., revised and improved, 
 by George Graves, extended and continued by Sir W. J. 
 Hooker, Lon., 1835, 5 vols. r. fol., (109 parts,) 647 plates. 
 This splendid work, pub. at 87 4s., has been offered within 
 the last few years for 25 to 30. 
 
 " This is to the present hour, the only extensive work on the 
 Indigenous Botany of this country, which gives well-coloured re 
 presentations of the plants in THEIR FULL NATURAL SIZE This 
 important work is now brought to a close, and may justly boast 
 of unrivalled excellence, undiminished splendour, and unabated 
 accuracy." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 The three grandest Indigenous Floras ever published 
 are The Flora Londinensis, The Flora Danica, and Sib- 
 thorp's Flora Graeca. 
 
 4. The Brown Tail Moth, 1782, 4to. 5. Cat. of Plants 
 in the Lon. Botan. Garden, 1784, 12mo. 6. Comp. to the 
 Botan. Mag., 1788, 8vo. 7. Lectures on Botany, arranged 
 by Saml. Curtis, 1803, '04, 2 vols. 8vo. 8. Practical Ob 
 servations on the British Grasses, 1790, 8vo ; several edits.. 
 1812, 8vo. 
 
 "A very useful volume. ... No subsequent work has over 
 done the merits of the book in the small compass it contains. 
 The portraits are true in the likeness and correct in the execu 
 tion." Donaldson's AgricuU. Biog. 
 
 Some of Mr. C.'s papers will be found in Trans. Linn. 
 Soc., 1791, 1802. 
 
 To him we are indebted for the origination of the Bota 
 nical Magazine, commenced in 1787 ; new series, edited 
 by Samuel Curtis and Sir W. J. Hooker. Complete sets of 
 this work, lacking the last few years, which can be readily 
 supplied, can be had in London. The volumes from 1787 
 
 to 1842, containing nearly 4000 plates, accurately drawn 
 and coloured after nature, subscription-price upwards of 
 one hundred guineas, can be purchased for 35 to 45, ac 
 cording to binding and condition. 
 
 Curtis, Wm. Observ. on the New Corn Bill, 1804, 8vo. 
 
 Curtiss, N. M., author of Byron Blonday, Haunted 
 Chief, Prairie- Guide, Maid of Saranac, and numerous other 
 novelettes. 
 
 Curtois, John. Serms., 1684, '85. Essay, 1679. 
 
 Curwen, B. Proceed, against Sir F. Burdett, 1810, 8vo. 
 
 Curwen, John C., M.P. Speeches, 1797, 1809, 
 Hints on Feeding Stock and Bettering the Condition of 
 the Poor, Lon., 1809, 8vo. 
 
 Observations on the State of Ireland, principally directed 
 to its Agriculture and Rural Population, Lon., 1818, 2 
 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " The reflections of a man of good sense, good feelings, liberal 
 sentiments, and comprehensive views." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Curzon, Fre. Lays and Legends of the West, Lon., 
 1846, 12mo. 
 
 Curzon, Hon. Robert, Jr. Visits to the Monaste 
 ries of the Levant, Lon., 1849, p. 8vo, with 20 wood-cuts. 
 
 " We hazard little in prophesying that Mr. Curzon's work will 
 be more popular than any other recent set of Oriental descriptions, 
 except Mr. Kinglake's." Lon. Quart. Review, Ixxxiv. 461, et v. Ixxvii. 
 52, et Dibdin's Literary Reminiscences, 941. 
 
 " Most agreeable writing, replete with information on most inte 
 resting points.'' Lon. Times. 
 
 " Unusually picturesque and lively." Lon. Athenaum. 
 
 Cushing, Mrs., a sister of Mrs. HARRIET V. CHENEY, 
 (q. v.,) now (1855) resides at Montreal, Canada, and edits 
 The Literary Garland. She has pub. several juvenile 
 works and some poems. Esther, a Dramatic Poem, is com 
 mended by Mrs. Hale as "a work of deep interest." The 
 Sunday School, or Village Sketches, is the joint produc 
 tion of the sisters, now Mrs. Cushing and Mrs. Cheney. 
 The Coquette, or the History of Eliza Wharton, written 
 by the mother of these ladies, (Mrs. Hannah Foster,) and 
 previously noticed by us as one of the earliest American 
 novels, was republished in 1855. See FOSTER, HANNAH. 
 
 Cushing, Abel. Historical Letters on the First 
 Charter of Massachusetts Government, Bost., 1839, 18mo. 
 
 Cushing, Hon. Caleb, b. 1800, at Salisbury, Mass., 
 graduated at Harvard College at the age of 17; tutor 
 at Harvard Coll., 1819-21. He was a general in the late 
 Mexican War, has occupied several public posts in his na 
 tive State, and been Representative in Congress, Attorney- 
 General of U. States, <fec. History and Present State of the 
 Town of Newburyport, Mass., Newburyport, 1826, 12mo. 
 
 " Valuable, not for its local information only, but for its gene 
 ral relation to the history of Massachusetts." Nort h American 
 Review, xxiv. 252. 
 
 Review of the Late Revolution in France, 1833, 12mo. 
 Reminiscences of Spain, N. York, 1833, 12mo. 
 
 " A work which will be read with great pleasure, and which 
 holds out a high promise of future excellence. The best parts are, 
 we think, the descriptions of places and persons : the least suc 
 cessful are the poems, which are yet not without considerable 
 merit. They are mostly translations from the Spanish, and exhi 
 bit in some instances a remarkable facility of versification. The 
 tales are very interesting." ALEXANDER H. EVERETT : N. Amer. 
 Rev., xxxvii. 84-104. 
 
 Growth and Territorial Progress of the U. States, Spring 
 field, 1839, 8vo. Life and Public Services of Wm. Henry 
 Harrison, Bost., 1840, 18mo. 
 
 Cushing, Mrs. Caleb. Letters Descriptive of Public 
 Monuments, Scenery, and Manners in France and Spain ; 
 printed for private distribution, Newburyport, 1832, 2 vols. 
 12mo. Mrs. Cushing accompanied her husband (v. ante) 
 to Europe, and the volumes above noticed contain letters 
 to her friends whilst absent. See rery interesting extracts 
 in the N. Amer. Rev., xxxrii. 104-117, (by Alex. H. Everett.) 
 
 " This accomplished lady, as is sufficiently evident from these 
 volumes, was equally well fitted to shine in the higher sphere of 
 letters, and to grace the private walks of social and domestic life/' 
 ; Cushing, Jacob, D.D., of Waltham, Massachusetts, 
 died 1809, aged 78. Serms., 1766, '71, '72, '78, '93, '96. 
 
 Cushiug, John. The Exotic Gardener, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Cnshing, Luther Stearns, 1803-1855, Worcester 
 co., Mass., a distinguished Law Writer and Judge. Treatise 
 on the Trustee Process, or Foreign Attachment, 8vo, 1833. 
 Insolvent Laws of Mass., 12mo, 1839. Supp. to Revised 
 Statutes of Mass., 8vo, 1854. Reports of Controverted 
 Election in Mass., 8vo, 1852. Proceedings and Debates in 
 the House of Rep. previous to the election of Speaker in 
 Jan. 1843, 8vo. Pothier on Contracts, translated by Cush 
 ing, 8vo, 1839. Civil Laws in their natural order, by 
 Domat, edited by Cushing, 2 vols. 8vo, 1850. Rules of 
 Proceedings and Debates in Deliberative Assemblies, 
 18mo, 1854. 
 
 " This is the standard text-book for Legislative Bodies of the U. 5." 
 
cus 
 
 DAB 
 
 C. J. A. Mittermaier on the Effect of Drunkenness on 
 Criminal Responsibility, from the German, by Gushing, 
 8vo, 1841. Savigny's Analysis of the Law of Possession, 
 from the French, by Gushing, 8vo, 1838. A. C. Renouard's 
 Theory of the Rights of Authors, from the French, 8vo, 
 1839. Remedial Law, 8vo, 1837. Introd. to the Study of 
 Roman Law, 12mo, 1854. Rep. of the Supreme Judicial 
 Court of Mass, from 1848, 8 vols. Law and Practice of 
 Legislative Assemblies in U. S., 1855. One of the leading 
 editors of the later vols. of the Jurist and Law Magazine. 
 
 " The accurate translation of Pothier on the Contract of Sale by 
 so good a writer as Mr. Gushing, is a valuable service alike to the 
 profession and general reader." N. Amer. fiev., xlviii. 553. 
 
 " Considering the age and circumstances in which it was written, 
 it is a truly wonderful performance. His method is excellent, and 
 his matter clear, exact, and comprehensive." JUDGE STORY : Pref. 
 to Bailments. 
 
 Cushman, Robert, died 1626. The Sin and Dan 
 ger of Self-Love, Lon., 1622; Boston, 1724; Plymouth, 
 with memoir of Cushman, by John Davis, 1785. See an 
 account of this energetic layman in Belknap's Amer. Biog., 
 et v. N. A. Review. 
 
 distance, George. View of the Constitution of 
 England, 1808, 8vo ; 3d ed., 1815. Drawn from Black- 
 stone, Christian, De Lolme, and others. Reformation and 
 Fund. Doctrines of the Ch. of England, 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Cut bush, James. Treatise on Pyrotechny, Phila., 
 1825, 8vo. 
 
 Cuthbert, died about 678, a disciple of Bede, wrote a 
 letter to Cuthwine, giving an account of the death of their 
 master. This letter will be found in Bede's works, Ac. : 
 see Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit 
 
 Cuthbert of Canterbury, died 758, succeeded Not- 
 helm in the see of Canterbury, about 740. He wrote some 
 metrical compositions, which are not considered as indica 
 tive of remarkable poetical genius. Ubi supra. 
 
 Cuthbert, R. Theory of Tides, Quebec, Lon.,1811,8vo. 
 
 Cuthbertson, John. Electricity and Galvanism, 
 Lon., 1807, 8vo. Other works, and con. to Nic. Jour., 
 1798-1810. 
 
 Cuthbertson, Jona. Distance-Measure, 1792, 8vo. 
 
 Cutler, Benjamin Clarke, D.D., b. at Roxbury, 
 Mass., graduated at Brown Univ., 1822 ; received the de 
 gree of D.D. from Columbia College, N. York, 1836 ; was 
 called to the Rectorship of St. Anne's Church, Brooklyn, 
 1833, and still continues rector, (1858.) 1. Century Sermon, 
 Christ Church, Quincy, Mass., 1826. 2. Sermon, N. York 
 City Mission, 1832. 3. Thanksgiving Sermon, 1835. 4. 
 Sermon on National Independence, 1840. 5. Sermon on 
 the death of Albert W. Duy, 1846. 6. Sermon on the 
 death of Rev. F. C. Clements, 1853. 7. Parochial Ser 
 mons, 21 in number, Phila., 1857, 12mo. Other sermons, 
 discourses, tracts, Ac. 
 
 Cutler, Rev. Manasseh, died 1823, aged 80. Cen 
 tury Discourse, 1815. American Plants, in Mem. Amer. 
 Acad. 
 
 Cutler, Nath. Coasting Pilot, Lon., 1728, fol. This 
 composes the second part of the Atlantis Maritimi. 
 
 Cutler, Thomas, M.D. Surgeon's Practical Guide 
 in Bandages, Lon., 1836, f. 8vo. 
 
 This appears to be a valuable little treatise." Lon. Med. Gaz. 
 
 Popular Surgery from the French of Mayor, with addits., 
 1846, 12mo. 
 
 Cutler, Timothy, D.D., 1683-1765, Pros, of Yale 
 
 i College, 1719-22, a man of profound learning. Sermons, 
 ! 1717, '57. See Holmes's Life of Stiles, 387, and Annals, 
 ii. 143. 
 
 Cutlore, Joseph. Serin, about Swearing; on Exod. 
 xx. 7, 1682, 4to. An excellent subject. The profane 
 swearer should be driven out of the society of honest men. 
 Serm. on Rom. xii. 10, 1682, 4to. 
 
 Cutspear, W. Dramatic Rights, Lon., 1802, 8vo. 
 
 Cutter, C., M.D., a popular lecturer on Physiology. 
 First Lessons in Anatomy, <fec., N. York, 12mo. Anatomy, 
 Physiology, and Hygiene, 12mo. Anatomical Plates (10) 
 for schools. 
 
 Cutter, Capt. George W. Buena Vista, and other 
 Poems, Cincinnati, 1848, 12mo. Song of Steam, and other 
 Poems, with a Portrait, Cincinnati, 12mo. Poems, Na 
 tional and Patriotic, Phila., 1857, 8vo. 
 
 " The finest of his compositions is The Song of Steam, which is 
 worthy of the praise it has received, of being one of the best lyrics 
 of the century. The Song of Lightning, written more recently, is 
 perhaps next to it in merit." Griswold's Poets and Poetry of Ame 
 rica, q. v. 
 
 Cutter, Wm., b. 1801, in Maine, graduated at Bow- 
 doin Coll., 1821, historian and poet. Life of Putnam ; of 
 La Fayette. Anonymous author of some 12 vols. Con 
 tributor of poetry and miscellaneous matter to various 
 leading journals. 
 
 Cutting, John H., M.D. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 
 1811. 
 
 Cutts, Rev. Edward L. A Manual for the study 
 of the Sepulchral Slabs and Crosses of the Middle Ages, 
 Lon., 1849, 8vo. 
 
 Cutts, Lord John, died 1707, was a distinguished 
 officer in the wars of William III. Addison, in a Latin 
 poem, applauds the bravery of Lord Cutts at the siege of 
 Buda, 1686. His lordship was author of a Poem on the 
 Death of Queen Mary, and Poet. Exercises, Lon., 1687, 8vo. 
 
 Cutts, John. Rebellion Defeated, or the Fall of Des 
 mond; a Tragedy, 1745, 4to; Reed, 7925, 2 12s. 6d. 
 
 Cutwode, T. Caltha Poetarum, or the Bumble Bee, 
 Lon., 1599, sin. 8vo. ' 
 
 " Stay'd at the press, by order of the Abp. of Canterbury and 
 Bp. of London, and such copys as could be found, or were already 
 taken, were to ' bee presentlye broughte to the Bp. of London to 
 be burnte,' and ' noe satyres or epigrams [to] be printed hereafter.' " 
 See Steevens, Sale 1040. 
 
 This rare piece was reprinted in 1815, 4to, by Richard 
 Heber, Esq., for the Roxburghe Club, 32 copies taken. 
 Sir M. M. Sykes, 1618, 2 3*.; Boswell, 3026, 4; Dent, 
 pt. 2, 1193, 2. See Dibdin's Literary Reminiscences j 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Manual. 
 
 Cuyler, Rev. C. C. The Signs of the Times, Phila., 
 12mo. 
 
 Cuyler, Rev. Theodore Ledyard, born 1822, in 
 New York. Stray Arrows, New York, 18mo. Contributor 
 to several periodicals. 
 
 Cynewulf, Kenulf, Kenulfus, or Chenulfus, 
 who died 1008, was made Abbot of Peterborough about 
 992, according to Hugo Candidus, the historian of Peter 
 borough. He is supposed to have been the author of some 
 religious poems in the collection of Anglo-Saxon poems 
 in the Exeter and Vercelli MSS. Mr. Kemble discovered 
 the name concealed under a playful device. Whether Mr. 
 Kemble's Cynewulf be the Abbot of Peterborough or not, 
 is a question involved in some obscurity. 
 
 D. 
 
 Dabney, J. P. Annotations on the Bible, New York, 
 12mo. An edit of The New Testament, by William Tyn- 
 dale, the Martyr, Andover and New York, 1837, 8vo. 
 
 "The Anglo-American edition is edited with much industry and 
 taste by the Rev. J. P. Dabney. It contains first a reprint of the 
 London edition just noticed, [pub. in 1836;] secondly, the essential 
 variations of Coverdale's, Matthew's, Cranmer's, the Genevan, and 
 Bishops Bibles as marginal readings, thus presenting a complete 
 variorum edition of the vernacular versions ; and thirdly, a pre 
 face, and an interesting memoir of the martyr Tindale, recast from 
 the memoir compiled by the London editor, a list of Tyndale's 
 writings, an account of the early vernacular versions, select colla 
 tions of the first and second editions of Tyndale, and a tabular list 
 
 . 
 
 Dabney, Richard, a poet and scholar, born in Louisa 
 county, Virginia, about 1786, of an ancient family, "known 
 in early times in England by the name of Daubeney, and 
 in France by that of D'Aubigne". Richard was nearly 
 
 grown before his classical education began, but he made 
 very rapid proficiency, and attained a rare familiarity with 
 the best Latin and Greek authors, as well as with Italian 
 and English literature. At the burning of the Richmond 
 Theatre in 1811, when 70 persons perished, he escaped 
 barely with his life, suffering from burns and bruises, which 
 permanently shattered his constitution. In 1812 he pub 
 lished a small volume of Poems and Translations, of which 
 a second edition much improved appeared in 1815, pub 
 lished by Mathew Carey, bookseller and publisher, of 
 Philadelphia.. The translations, some of them spirited 
 and elegant, were from the Greek of Alcaeus, Euripides, 
 Sappho, Tyrtaeus, and several minor poets in Dalzell's Col 
 lectanea Grseca, the Latin of Martial and Seneca, and the 
 Italian of Petrarch, Carlo Fugoni, and others. He early 
 fell into habits of intemperance, which, co-operating with 
 his injuries received at the burning theatre, made him 
 
BAB 
 
 suffer in 1825 a death of great bodily pain, embittered by 
 disappointment, and the consciousness of uncommon powers 
 almost uselessly spent." 
 
 Daborne, Robert. A Christian turn'd Turke; a 
 Tragedy, Lon., 1612, 4to. The Poor Man's Comfort; a 
 Tragi-Comedy, 1655, 4to. Serm. on Zach. xi. 7, 1618, 8vo. 
 
 Da Costa, Emanuel Mendez, foreign secretary to 
 the Royal Society, d. about 1788. Nat. Hist, of Fossils, 
 Lon., 1757, 4to. Trans, of Cronstedt's Mineralogy, 1770, 
 8vo. Conchology, 1776, 8vo. Hist. Nat. Testaceorum 
 Britannise; in Eng. and French, 1778, 4to. Con. to Phil. 
 Trans, on Fossils, Ac., 1747, '53, '57, '59, '62. 
 
 " A Gentleman well skilled in Philosophical learning and Natu 
 ral Knowledge, particularly in what relates to the Mineral and 
 Fossil Parts of the Creation; one exceedingly diligent in his En 
 quiries: and who, by applying himself with great assiduity to the 
 study of Natural History, is likely to be a useful Member of the 
 Royal Society, and a zealous Promoter of Natural Knowledge, for 
 the advancement of which the same was founded." 
 
 Thus complimentary was the certificate recommending 
 Da Costa to a membership of the Royal Society. It was 
 signed by the Duke of Montagu, Martin Folkes, Bryan 
 Fairfax, Henry Baker, Dr. James Parsons, Peter Collinson, 
 and James Theobald. Much interesting matter relative to 
 Da Costa will be found in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, 
 and an account of his family, compiled from his own notes, 
 may be seen in Gent. Mag., Ixxxiii. 21. 
 
 Da Costa, J. Fr., Eng., and Span. Grammar, Lon., 
 1752, 8vo. Alexandri Pope de Homine, Jacobi Thomson 
 etThomse Gray, Selecta Carmina ex Britannica, in Latinam 
 Linguam translata, Padoua, 1776, 4to. 
 
 Da Costa, J., M.D. Trans, from the German of K61- 
 liker's Anatomy of the Human Body, Phila., 1855, 8vo. 
 
 Dacre, Lady, has acquired considerable celebrity as 
 a novelist. The Recollections of a Chaperon, Lon., 1833, 
 3 vols. p. 8vo. In 1834 appeared Trevelyan, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 This novel, pub. anonymously, was ascribed both to Lady 
 Scott and Lady Dacre, and declared superior to any pro 
 duction of a female pen since the publication of Miss 
 Edgeworth's Vivian. Peerage and Peasantry, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " We are very anxious to recommend these tales to our readers ; 
 and the best proof of the opinion we have formed of them is to be 
 found in this, that, with this anxiety, we have coupled them with 
 the Tales of Woman's Trials [by Mrs. S. C. Hall.] They will not 
 lose perhaps they may gain by the comparison." Dublin Univ. 
 Meg., Til. 213. 
 
 Dacre, Rev. B. Testimonies in favour of Salt as a 
 Manure, Manches., 1834, 8vo, pp. 288. 
 
 ' It failed to lead to any use of the mineral in that way." Do 
 naldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Dacre, Charlotte, or Mrs. Byrne, who sometimes 
 published under the name of " Rosa Matilda," gave several 
 novels and poems to the world. Confessions of the Nun 
 at St. Omer's, 1805, 3 vols. Hours of Solitude; Poems, 
 1805, 2 vols. 8vo. She also pub. Zofloya; The Libertine; 
 and The Passions. 
 
 Dacres, William. Elements of Water Drawing, Lon., 
 1660, 4to. 
 
 Dadd, George H., M.D., b. 1813, England, settled 
 in U. S., 1839, Veterinary Surgeon. Outlines of Anatomy 
 and Physiology of the Horse, 8vo, pp. 306. Amer. Cattle 
 Doctor, Svo, pp. 359. Modern Horse Doctor, 1854, 8vo, 
 pp. 432. 
 
 " A very valuable work for those who have the care of horses." 
 
 Manual of Veterinary Science, Svo, pp. 500, 1855. Ed. 
 Am. Veterinary Journal, Svo, pp. 384. 
 
 Dade, John. Almanacks, 1558, 1607, Ac. 
 
 Dade, Wm. Almanacks, 1624, &c. John and Wm. 
 Dade seem to have pub. almanacks "for the greater part 
 of the 17th century." 
 
 Dade, Wm., d. 1790. Proposals for the History and 
 Antiquity of Holderness, Yorkshire, 1783. 
 
 Dadby, Joseph. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1740, Svo. 
 
 Dafforne, Richard. Merchant's Mirror, Lon., 1635. 
 Subsequently annexed to Gerard Malyne's Consuetude vel 
 Lex Mercatoria. The Apprentice's Time Entertainer Ac- 
 comptantly, 1669, 4to. 
 
 Dagge, Henry. Considerations on the Criminal Law, 
 Lon., 1772, Svo; 2d ed., 1774, 3 vols. 12mo. A valuable 
 work. 
 
 Dagge, Jonathan. Serms., 1703, '09, Ac. 
 
 Dagge, Robert. Proteus; or the Jesuit detected, 
 1746, Svo. 
 
 Daggett, Naphtali, D.D., Pres. of Yale College, d. 
 1780. Serms., 1767, '70, '73. 
 
 Dagleish, Wm., D.D. See DALGLEISH. 
 
 Dagley, Richard. Gems, principally from the An 
 tique, with Illustrations. Part 1, Lon., 1804, 4to. New 
 ed., 1822, p. Svo, with Illustrations in Verse, by the Rev. 
 Geo. Croly. Death's Doings ; Prose and Verse, 1826, Svo. 
 
 DAL 
 
 Daguilar, Miss Rose. Gortz of Berlichingenj a 
 Hist. Dram, from the German of Goethe, 1799. 
 
 Dahme. Sermons, 1755, '58, Svo. 
 
 Daking, Wm., D.D. Trans, of the Hist, of Catherine, 
 Empress of Russia, 1798, 2 vols. Svo. Serms., 1801, '03, 
 '06, '07, '08, '10. 
 
 Dakins, Wm., d. 1607, one of the translators of the 
 Bible, temp. James L, had assigned to him the Epistles of 
 St. Paul and the canonical Epistles. 
 
 Dalbiac, Major James Charles. A Military Cate 
 chism for the use of young officers, 1806. See McCulloch's 
 Lit. of Polit. Economy, p. 80. 
 
 Dalby, Isaac, 1744-1824. Course of Mathematics, 
 Lon., 1805, Ac., 2 vols. Svo. Other mathematical works. 
 
 Dalby, Joseph. The Virtues of Cinnabar and Musk 
 against the Bite of a Mad Dog, Birm., 1764, 4to. 
 
 Dalcho, Frederick, 1769-1836, b. in London; came 
 to the U. States while a lad ; was a physician in Charleston, 
 S.C., 1800, and became an Episcopal minister there in 1819. 
 1. Evidence of the Divinity of Our Saviour, 1820. 2. His 
 torical Accountof the Protestant Episcopal Church in South 
 Carolina, Charleston, 1820, Svo. 3. Ahiman Rezon; for 
 the Use of Freemasons, 1822, Svo. 
 
 Dale, John. Analysis of the Epistles N. T., Oxf., 
 1652, 12mo. 
 
 Dale, M. Value of Annuities, Lon., 1777, 8vo. 
 
 Dale, Robert. Cat. of the Nobility, Ac. of England, 
 1679, Svo. 
 
 Dale, Samuel, M.D., 1659-1739. Pharmacologia seu 
 manuductio ad Materiam Medicam, Lon., 1693, Svo ; seve 
 ral edits, much improved, 1737, 4to. Pub. at Leyden, 
 1739, '51, 4to. 
 
 "The whole consists almost entirely of Names and Synonyines, 
 with a very brief account of the powers of each medicine." DR. 
 WATT. 
 
 " Scarcely in any author is there a more copious collection of 
 synonyms." DR. PULTENEY. 
 
 Hist, and Antiq. of Harwick and Dover Court, with an 
 Appendix first collected by Silas Taylor, alias Dornville, 
 and now much enlarged, Lon., 1730, 4to ; 2d edit., 1732, 4to. 
 
 " That part of this work which regards natural history is so co 
 pious and accurate as to render the book a real acquisition to 
 science." See Pulteney's Sketches of Botany. 
 
 Dale contributed several papers to Phil. Trans. 
 
 Dale, Thomas. De Pareira Brava et Seraphia 05., 
 Lugd. Bat., 1723, 4to. 
 
 Dale, Thomas. Trans, of Reynault's Entretiens 
 Physiques, Lon., 1731, 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 Dale, Thomas, b. 1797, London, Canon-Residentiary 
 of St. Paul's, and Vicar of St. Pancras. Widow of Nain, 
 1818. Domestic Liturgy and Family Chaplain, 1846, p. Svo. 
 
 "A valuable substitute for the more effective practice of com 
 munion when circumstances occur to interrupt or prevent attend 
 ance at public worship." Lon. Lit. Gaz. 
 
 Sabbath Companion: 2 Series, 1844, <fec. 
 
 "They are full of truth and beauty; and so may God speed 
 them!" Ch. of England Quar. Review. 
 
 Translation of Sophocles, 1824. Sermons at Cambridge, 
 1832, '35, '36, 3 vols. Svo. Sermons at St. Bride's, Lon 
 don, 1830, Svo. The Good Shepherd, 1845. Golden Psalm, 
 1847. Sermons at Denmark Hill, Svo. 
 
 "Dale's Discourses produce an overwhelming effect upon his 
 audiences, spoken as they are in the author's calm, solemn man- 
 ner."Presbyt. Review, Sept. 1836. 
 
 Poetical Works; new ed., 1842, sm. Svo. 
 
 Dalechamp, Caleb. Vindiciae Salamonis; sive de 
 ejus lapsu statuque aeterno, Lon., 1622, 4to. Exercitar- 
 tiones, 1624, 4to. Harrisonus honoratus, Cantab., 1632, 
 Svo. Hospitality : on Rom. xii. 13, 1632, 4to. 
 
 Dales, Major Saml. An Essay on the Study of the 
 History of England, Lon., 1809, Svo. 
 
 Dalgarno, George, 1627-1687, a native of Old Aber 
 deen, was. noted for his learning. Ars Signorum, vulgo 
 Character universalis et Lingua philosophica,Lon.,1661,8vo. 
 
 His treatise was enlarged upon by Bishop Wilkins, in 
 his Essay towards a real Character and a Philosophical 
 Language; with an Alphabetical Dictionary, 1668, fol. 
 Dalgarno wrote also Didascolocophus, or the Deaf and 
 Dumb Man's Tutor, Oxf., 1680, 8vo. 
 
 Dalgleish, John. Sermons, Edin., 1711, 4to. 
 
 Dalgleish, Wm., D.D. Serms., Edin., 1786, '99, 4 
 vols. Svo. 
 
 Dalhusius, J. H. Theolog. and other works, Lon. 
 and Edin., 16h9. '91. 
 
 Dalison, Dallison, or Dallizon, Gulielme. 
 Cases, Reports, Ac., Lon., 1609, 12mo. Reports des divers 
 Cases adjugez en la Court del Common Bank en les Regnes 
 Mar. et Eliz., 1689, fol. Dalison's Reports were collected 
 and pub. with Benloe's, by John Rowe, and others had ap 
 peared in Ashe and Keilwey. 
 
DAL 
 
 DAL 
 
 "Of Dalison little is known, and his Reports long since ranked 
 among the antiquities of the Law, and are now almost obsolete and 
 valueless." Marvin's Legal Sibl, q. v. ; also Bridg. Leg. Bibl., 192 ; 
 Winch's Rep., 43; and Wallace's Reporters, 14. 
 
 Dal 1 a m , James W. Laws of Texas, Bait, 1845, Svo. 
 
 Dallas, Alexander James, 1759-1817, third son 
 of Robert Charles Dallas, was a native of Jamaica, to which 
 island his father, an eminent physician, had emigrated 
 from Scotland about the middle of the 18th century. Upon 
 his father's return to Scotland, Alexander was placed at an 
 academy in the neighbourhood of London, under the care 
 of James Elphinston, a familiar name to the readers of 
 Boswell's Johnson. With the great lexicographer, and the 
 equally famed philosopher Dr. Franklin young Dallas 
 became acquainted whilst still a student. In 1780 he was 
 married to Arabella Maria Smith, a daughter of Major 
 George Smith, of the British Army. In 1781, after the 
 death of his father, Mr. Dallas sailed for Jamaica, and had 
 resided in that island for two years when he determined to 
 emigrate to the United States. He arrived at the city of 
 New York in 1783, and proceeding to Philadelphia, took 
 the oath of allegiance to the Commonwealth of Pennsyl 
 vania the 10th day after his first landing on the shores of 
 the United States. In 1785 he was admitted to the Bar of 
 the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and in four or five 
 years became a practitioner in the Courts of the United 
 States. It has been mentioned as a striking proof of his 
 industry and zeal in his legal pursuits, that 
 
 " Within five years after his admission to the bar, he collected 
 and prepared for publication a volume of cases, many of which 
 were decided before the Revolution: a service to the profession, 
 and, we may say, to the law itself at that time, which we, at this 
 day, can scarcely appreciate." 
 
 See National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Ameri 
 cans, Phila., 1853, (article GEORGE MIFFLIX DALLAS,) to 
 which we acknowledge our obligations. 
 
 In 1791 Mr. Dallas was appointed Secretary to the Com 
 monwealth of Pennsylvania, and upon the election of Mr. 
 Jefferson to the Presidency, he became Attorney of the 
 United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 
 He continued in this office until October, 1814, when he 
 was appointed Secretary of the Treasury of the United 
 States. In 1815 "he undertook the additional trust of 
 Secretary of War, and performed with success the delicate 
 task of reducing the army of the United States." 
 
 In November, 1816, the country being at peace, its 
 finances arranged, and the machinery of government un 
 disturbed by any of the obstructions which had so long 
 retarded the harmonious action of its various functions, Mr. 
 Dallas felt that he had a right to claim for his declining 
 years a measure of that repose which he had long post 
 poned to the pressing exigencies of his adopted country. 
 He therefore resigned his official trusts, and returned to the 
 practice of the law in Philadelphia. But the pressing re 
 sponsibilities which had so long tasked his mental and 
 bodily powers had doubtless affected his constitution, and 
 he fell an easy victim to an attack of gout in the stomach 
 the result of exposure to the cold when engaged in an 
 important suit in about two months after his return to 
 private life. America will ever have reason to cherish with 
 affectionate reverence the memory of the name and services 
 of Alexander James Dallas. 
 
 As a man of letters equally conversant with the refine 
 ments of elegant literature, and the graver studies inciden 
 to his professional duties Mr. Dallas enjoyed great repu 
 tation. His contributions to the periodical literature of 
 the day were numerous, and we have the testimony that 
 
 " His essays will bear a comparison with those of his contempo 
 raries; and this is no small praise, for Franklin, Rush, and Hop- 
 kinson were of the number." 
 
 He was for some time editor of The Columbian Magazine 
 He published, 1. Features of Jay's Treaty, 1795. 2. Speeches 
 on the trial of Blount, and the impeachment of the Judges 
 3. The Laws of Pennsylvania from Oct. 14, 1700, to Dec 
 1, 1801; with Notes Republished under the authority of 
 the Legislature, 4 vols. fol., 1797-1801. 4. Address to the 
 Society of Constitutional Republicans, 1805. 5. Report 
 of Cases in the Courts of the United States and Pennsyl 
 vama, before and since the Revolution, 4 vols. Svo, 1790- 
 807. Vol. i. contains Cases adjudged in the Courts of 
 Pennsylvania, namely, the Common Pleas, Supreme Court 
 and the High Court of Errors and Appeals, before and sine 
 the Revolution to 1789; with an Appendix, containing th 
 Cases of the Court of Chancery in Pennsylvania; 3d edit 
 with addits. and copious Notes by Thomas I. Wharton 
 Vol. iv. has recently been reprinted, with Notes and Re 
 ferences by Benjamin Gerhard, Esq. Vols. ii., Hi., and iv 
 contain Cases adjudged in the several Courts of the Unite 
 466 
 
 tates and of Pennsylvania, from the year 1781 to Decem- 
 er Term, 1806, Phila., 1830, 4 vols. r. Svo. 
 
 With the exception of Kirby's, these are the eldest Re- 
 orts in the United States. In many of the cases the re- 
 orter was engaged as counsel. Of the value of these 
 leports we have the following testimony from an eminent 
 uthority : 
 
 They do credit to the Court, the Bar, and the Reporter; they 
 how readiness in practice, liberality in principle, strong reason, 
 nd legal learning; the method, too, is clear, and the language 
 lain." LORD MANSFIELD. 
 
 Peak's Evid. by Randall, Pref.; 1 Com. Rep. Pref., 28; 
 
 Month. Anth., 156; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 249. 
 
 6. Exposition of the Causes and Character of the late 
 War, 1815. The author's son, Hon. George Mifflin Dallas, 
 roposed in 1817 to publish a collective edition of his 
 ather's works in 3 vols. Among his papers were some 
 nfinished sketches of a history of Pennsylvania, which, 
 f completed, would, from the author's familiarity with the 
 opic and literary ability, have proved a valuable record 
 f a most interesting portion of the annals of the infant 
 epublic. 
 
 Dallas, Rev. Alexander Robert Charles, one of 
 he most exemplary and distinguished of the clergy of the 
 Church of England, is a son of Robert Charles Dallas, Esq., 
 the friend and connexion of Lord Byron,) whose literary 
 abours we shall have occasion to chronicle hereafter. The 
 ubject of this notice served for many years as an officer 
 n the English army, and was at every engagement at which 
 he Duke of Wellington was present, throughout the Pen- 
 nsular War. He was at the battle of Waterloo, also, as 
 was his cousin and brother-in-law, Mr. (now the Rev.) 
 Charles Dallas, who was badly wounded on that perilous 
 Lay. After returning to England, Charles Dallas, under 
 promptings of religious duty, determined to assume 
 holy orders, and his example and friendly counsel induced 
 A. R. C. Dallas to embrace the same sacred calling. The 
 exemplary piety and unwearied zeal in well-doing of these 
 devoted soldiers of the cross, are well known to the world. 
 A. R. C. Dallas for several years laboured with great suc 
 cess in the work of missions in Ireland. For the following 
 account of this enterprise, we are indebted to the Hon. 
 Judge Kelley, of Philadelphia, who recently spent some 
 days in the hospitable mansion of the Rev. Mr. Dallas. 
 Mr. D. is a first-cousin of our distinguished townsman, 
 George Mifflin Dallas, of Philadelphia, late Vice-President 
 of the United States. 
 
 Mr. Dallas has undoubtedly been the chief agent and supporter 
 of the missionary work in the west of Ireland. His first efforts in 
 this field were in 1844, since when they have been unremitting, 
 and have exhibited in a peculiar combination the devotion of the 
 Christian with the activity and discipline of the soldier. His first 
 effort was to establish an efficient body of colporteurs : this accom 
 plished, he obtained the name and post-office of every farmer 
 throughout the region in which his labours have since been so 
 efficient. In January, 1845, each of the persons whose addresses 
 were thus obtained, '25,000 in number, received copies of the first 
 of a numerous series of powerful pamphlets. The first, I believe, 
 was entitled ' A Voice from Heaven to Ireland.' Since then Mr. 
 Dallas, though faithful to his charge at Wonston, and meeting with 
 great frequency the committees connected with the mission at 
 Exeter Hall has passed a portion of each year in Coniiaught, and 
 is personally known and loved by thousands of its inhabitants. 
 In 1847 he assisted in founding the Connemara Orphan House, 
 which was first filled with those whose parents were swept from 
 them by the famine and cholera of 1846. Some idea may be formed 
 of the extent and blessed results of these labours, from the fact 
 that 9 churches were consecrated by the Archbishop of Tuam in 
 August, 1852, the entire congregations of which had but a short 
 period before been attached to the church of Rome." 
 
 Mr. Dallas is the author of many excellent works, the 
 beneficial influence of which upon the public mind of Great 
 Britain it would be difficult to exaggerate. We annex a 
 list: 1. Practical Serms. on the Lord's Prayer, Lon., 1823, 
 12mo. 
 
 " The great recommendation of Mr. Dallas's Sermons is their 
 plainness and simplicity: the style is easy and elegant, and with 
 all its plainness never degenerates into homeliness." Lon. Chris 
 tian Remembrancer. 
 
 2. Pastoral Superintendence, its motive, detail, and sup 
 port, 1841, Svo. 
 
 " Many useful practical hints." BickerstetVs Christian Student. 
 
 3. Curate's Offering; Village Serms., 12mo. 4. Intro- 
 due, to Prophet. Researches, 12mo. 5. Lent Lectures on 
 Christ's Temptation, 18mo. 6. Ministerial Responsibility, 
 12mo. 7. Miracles of Christ, ISmo. 8. Parables of Christ, 
 18mo. 9. Realizing; the Strength of an Effectual Minis 
 try, 18mo. 10. Rise, Progress, and Prospects of Roman 
 ism, Svo. 11. Scriptural View of the Position of the Jews, 
 12mo. 12. Serms. to Country Congregations. 13. Chris 
 tian Mission at Castlekerke, 1849, 12mo. 14. Look to Jeru 
 salem; or the Position of the Jews, 5th ed., 1853, 12mo. 
 15. Missionary Crisis in the Church of England, 1842, 12mo. 
 
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 16. Pastor's Assistant, 3 vols. in 1, 1842, 12mo. 17. Cot 
 tager's Guide to the New Testament, 6 vols., 1839-45, 12mo ; 
 18. To the Acts of the Apostles, 1847, 12mo; 19. To the 
 Epistles of St. Paul, 1849, 12mo. 20. My Churchyard, 2d 
 ed., 1848, 12mo. 21. Book of Psalms arranged for Devo 
 tional Readings, 2ded., 1847, 32rno. 22. Revelation Read 
 ings; vol. i., 1848, 12mo; vol. ii., 1851, 12mo; vol. in., 
 
 1852, 12mo. 23. The Point of Hope in Ireland's Present 
 Crisis, 1849 j 2d ed., 1850, 12mo. 24. Prophecy upon the 
 Mount; 2d ed., 1848, 12mo. Transubstantiation, 1857, 8vo. 
 
 Dallas, E. S Poetics: an Essay on Poetry, Lon., 
 
 1853, p. 8vo. 
 
 Dallas, E. W. The Elements of Plane Practical 
 Geometry, Lon., 1855, 8vo. 
 
 Dallas, George, of St. Martin. System of Styles as 
 now practicable within the kingdom of Scotland ; in 6 parts, 
 Edin., 1697, fol., 1774, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 Dallas, Sir George, Bart., 1758-1833, a native of 
 London, of the same family as A. J. Dallas. A Speech, 
 praying redress against an Act of Parliament, Lon., 1786, 
 8vo. The India Guide ; a Poem. Thoughts on our pre 
 sent Situation, with remarks on the Policy of a War with 
 France, 1793, 8vo. Letters on the Trade between India 
 and Europe, 1802, 4to. Letters to Lord Moira on the Polit. 
 and Com. State of Ireland. Vindication of the Justice and 
 Policy of the late Wars carried on in Hindostan and the 
 Dekkan, by Marquis Wellesley, 1806, 4to. A Biographical 
 Memoir of the late Sir Peter Parker, Bart., Captain of his 
 Majesty's Ship Menelaus, &c., 1815, 4to. Other publica 
 tions. The remarks on the policy of a war with France 
 were greatly admired by Wm. Pitt, and, at his suggestion, 
 reprinted for general distribution. We give an extract 
 from a letter of Robert Southey's : 
 
 " Sir George Dallas has sent me some marvellous verses by a son 
 of his, not yet thirteen as great a prodigy as I have ever read of. 
 Verse appears as easy to him as speech ; Latin verse is at his fingers' 
 end like English; and he has acted a part in a play of his own 
 composition, like another Roscius." To C. H. Townslwnd, Esq., 
 April 12, 1818. 
 
 Dallas,George Mifflin,LL.D., b. July 10,l792,in the 
 city of Philadelphia, is a son of Alexander James Dallas, a 
 native of Jamaica, and one of the most distinguished and 
 useful of America's adopted sons, (v. ante.) Indeed, in 
 but few families have so many members risen to distinction 
 and eminent public usefulness as in that of the subject of 
 this notice. His grandfather, Dr. Dallas, who emigrated 
 from Scotland to Jamaica about the middle of the 18th 
 century, was one of the most prominent professors of the 
 particular branch of science to which his energies were de 
 voted. Of his four sons, Robert Charles Dallas became 
 one of the most voluminous and useful writers of his age ; 
 and Alexander James Dallas, Secretary of the Treasury 
 and Secretary of War of the Federal Republic, deservedly 
 acquired by his public services a commanding position in 
 the eyes of the American people. Their sister, Miss Dallas, 
 married Capt. Byron of the English navy, and was mother 
 of the present and seventh Lord Byron. To the same 
 family belonged the distinguished brothers, Sir George 
 Dallas, whose political writings were so warmly admired 
 by William Pitt, and Sir Robert Dallas, President Judge 
 of the Court of Common Pleas. Nor have the wisdom of 
 the Bench and the deliberations of the councils only, been 
 indebted to this House : in the Church it is ably represented 
 by those excellent religious instructors through the pulpit 
 and the press, the Rev. Alexander Robert Charles Dallas 
 and Rev. Charles Dallas, who, after gaining military laurels 
 in the Peninsula and at Waterloo under Wellington, are 
 now zealously engaged in the promotion of the best inte 
 rests of the human race. 
 
 Of the three sons of Alexander James Dallas, the eldest 
 rose to the rank of Commodore in the American navy, the 
 third was the late Judge Dallas of Pittsburg, and the 
 second, George Mifflin Dallas, after occupying many pub 
 lie positions, was, in 1844, elected to the Vice-Presidency 
 of the United States. The particular incidents connectec 
 with Mr. Dallas's career, which belong to political rather 
 than to literary history, will not be expected in this volume 
 The reader will find an excellent biographical sketch in 
 the National Portrait Gallery, Phila., 1853 ; and his visi 
 to England whilst yet a youth is noticed by his noble con 
 nexion, Lord Byron the poet, in his correspondence with 
 Robert Charles Dallas. We may mention an amusing in 
 stance of the early display of that principle of sturdy de 
 mocracy for which Mr. Dallas has been distinguishec 
 through life. Upon his arrival in England he called upon 
 and paid his respects to his distinguished connexion, Lon 
 George Gordon Byron, and awaited a call in reply. Hi 
 uncle, R. C. Dallas, informed him that peers were not in 
 
 he habit of returning visits to those of inferior rank to 
 heir own, and that it was his place to visit his lordship. 
 Jut the young republican declared that he should not call 
 again unless his first visit were returned. Lord Byron was 
 not a little amused by this practical exhibition of repub- 
 icanism, and complied with the code thus recommended to 
 lim, and invited Mr. Dallas to visit him at Newstead. 
 
 1. An Essay on the expediency of erecting any Monu 
 ment to Washington except that involved in the preserva- 
 ;ion of the American Union : printed in 1811. 2. An Ad 
 dress to the Democrats of Philadelphia in vindication of 
 he War of 1812 : delivered on the 4th July, 1815. 3. An 
 Appeal to the Democracy of Pennsylvania, for the election 
 if William Findlay as Governor: in 1817. 4. A Vindica- 
 ion of President Monroe, for authorizing General Jackson 
 to pursue the hostile Indians into Florida : in 1819. 5. An 
 Oration on Reverence and Love of our Country, before the 
 Cliosophic and Whig Societies, at Princeton College: in 
 1831. 6. An Oration at Lafayette College, Easton, on the 
 Public Character of Pennsylvania: in 1834. 7. An Appeal 
 to the People of Pennsylvania in favour of having a formal 
 scrutiny instituted by the approaching Constitutional Con 
 vention, as to the corrupt creation and fraudulent invalidity 
 of the Charter granted by their Representatives to the Bank 
 of the United States : in 1836. 8. Address before a Com 
 mittee of the Legislature pursuing an Anti-Masonic inves 
 tigation ; denouncing and resisting their course as a viola 
 tion of the private rights guaranteed to the citizen by the 
 Constitution: in 1836. 9. An Address to sustain the nomi 
 nation of Andrew Jackson to the Presidency : in 1828. 
 10. A Lecture before the Mercantile Institution on Russia: 
 n 1840. 11. Defence of Comm. Jesse D. Elliott, before a 
 Court Martial: in 1840. 12. An Oration in Commemora 
 tion of the Centennial Anniversary of Jefferson's Birth- 
 Day : in 1843. 13. Eulogy on Andrew Jackson: at the 
 public celebration of his Obsequies by the citizens of Phila 
 delphia : in 1845. 14. Speech of Vice-President Dallas to 
 the Senate of the United States, on giving his casting vote 
 in favour of the new Tariff of duties on Imports: in 1846. 
 15. Vindication of the Vice-President's casting vote on the 
 Tariff of 1846, in a series of letters : in 1846. 16. Address 
 as Chancellor of the Smithsonian Institute, on laying 
 the corner-stone of the edifice at Washington: in 1847. 
 17. Speech at the Celebration of the Centennial Anniver 
 sary of the foundation of the College of New Jersey : in 
 1847. 18. Published Letter on the practicability and ex 
 pediency of securing by the treaty of peace with Mexico 
 the right of way, and of opening a Ship Canal across the 
 Isthmus of Tehuantepec: in 1847. 19. Thoughts on Mr. 
 Trist's Treaty of Peace with Mexico : in 1849. 20. Eulogy 
 on the Life and Character of James K. Polk : in 1849. 
 21. Letter to Mr. Bryan, of Texas, on the character of the 
 Federal Constitution, and the approach of danger to the 
 Union : in 1851. 22. Speech on the trial of William Ho- 
 gan, a Roman Catholic Priest, indicted for an assault and 
 battery on Mary Connell. 23. Speech in the Senate of the 
 United States, on Nullification and the Tariff: in 1831. 
 
 24. Speech in the U. S. Senate on the Constitutionality and 
 Equality of the Apportionment of Federal Representatives 
 by the Act of 1832, under the Fifth Census: in 1832. 
 
 25. Speech in the U. S. Senate in vindication of Edward 
 Livingston, nominated by President Jackson for the office 
 of Secretary of State : in 1832. 26. Speech to the citizens 
 of Pittsburg on the War, Slavery, and the Tariff: in 1847. 
 
 27. Speech to the citizens of Hollidaysburg : in 1847. 
 
 28. Speech to the citizens of Philadelphia in Town-Meet 
 ing, on the necessity of maintaining the Union, the Con 
 stitution, and the Compromise: in 1850. 29. Speech on 
 the application to the Supreme Court for an Injunction 
 against the Canal Commissioners, on alleged usurpations 
 of power in the management of the Columbia Railroad : 
 in 1853. 30. Speech in maintenance of the legal right of 
 the Corporation of Philadelphia to subscribe to the North 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Company: in 1853. 
 
 In addition to the works previously cited, we refer the 
 reader to notices of Mr. Dallas and his public services in 
 Democratic Review, x. 158; American Whig Review, xiv. 
 451; Niles's Register, xliii., Sup. 124; Chase's Hist, of the 
 Polk Administration. 
 
 Dallas, Robert Charles, 1754-1824, uncle of the 
 preceding, and brother of Alexander James Dallas, was a 
 native of Kingston, Jamaica. He was educated first at 
 Musselburgh, and next under Mr. Elphinston. He was 
 entered of the Inner Temple as a law student, but upon 
 attaining his majority he returned to Jamaica, where he 
 continued for three years, when he again visited Europe, 
 and was married to a daughter of Benjamin Harding, Esq., 
 
 467 
 
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 of Hacton House, near Hornchureh. Before this last visit 
 he had been appointed to a lucrative office in Jamaica, and 
 returned to the discharge of his duties after his marriage; 
 but the climate not agreeing with Mrs. Dallas's health, they 
 quitted the West Indies forever, and resided for several 
 years upon the Continent. That terrible scourge, the 
 French Revolution, drove Mr. Dallas, with almost all other 
 men of proper spirit, from unhappy France; and he deter 
 mined to visit America, in which country his brother, Alex 
 ander James Dallas, subsequently attained great distinc 
 tion, (v. ante.) Mr. Dallas was not sufficiently pleased with 
 the United States to induce a permanent settlement, and 
 he returned to England, where he entered upon an extended 
 literary career, for which his talents eminently fitted him. 
 His best-known work published shortly before his death 
 is the Recollections of Lord Byron. Mr. Dallas was related 
 to the Byron family, his sister, Miss Dallas, having mar 
 ried Captain Byron of the English navy, father of the present 
 and seventh Lord Byron, successor of the noble poet. 
 
 Mr. Dallas had great influence with his relative, and ex 
 erted it in a manner which redounded greatly to his honour. 
 The reader of Moore's Life of Byron will remember that 
 it was owing to Mr. D.'s agency that Childe Harold was 
 given to the world, but all are not aware that many objec 
 tionable verses were expunged at his earnest request, and 
 others protested against, which Byron insisted upon retain 
 ing. The reader who would do justice to the character of 
 this excellent man Robert Charles Dallas must peruse 
 the Recollections, and especially the "preliminary state 
 ment," of the Rev. A. R. C. Dallas, and the concluding chap 
 ter of the book. We proceed to the enumeration of Mr. 
 Dallas's productions : 
 
 1. Miscellaneous Writings, consisting of Poems; Lucre- 
 tia, a Tragedy, and Moral Essays, with a Vocabulary of 
 the Passions, 1797, 4to. 2. Clery's Journal of occurrences 
 at the Temple during the confinement of Louis XVI. ; from 
 the French, 1797, 8vo. 3. Annals of the French Revolu 
 tion; from the French of Bertrand de Moleville, 1800-02, 
 9 vols. 8vo. 4. Memoirs of the last year of Louis XVI., 
 3 vols. 8vo. 5. Letter to the Hon. C. J. Fox, respecting an 
 inaccurate quotation of the Annals of the French Revolu 
 tion, made by him in the House of Commons, by Bertrand 
 de Moleville, with a trans., 1800, 8vo. 6. Correspondence 
 between Bertrand de Moleville and C. J. Fox upon his quo 
 tation of the Annals, with a trans., 1800, 8vo. 7. The 
 British Mercury ; from the French of Mallet du Pan. 
 8. The Natural History of Volcanoes, including Submarine 
 Volcanoes, and other Analogous Phenomena. Trans, from 
 the French of the Abbe Ordinaire, 1801, 8vo. 9. Percival, 
 or Nature Vindicated; a Novel, 1801, 4 vols. 12mo. 
 
 "The foundation of this fascinating and instructive work of 
 imagination is laid in pure religion and uncontaminated nature; 
 and the superstructure is raised upon a liberal and virtuous educa 
 tion, under the direction of those best architects of the human 
 mind, sound example and sound precept." European Magazine. 
 
 "It presents the reader throughout with a very beautiful picture 
 of virtue, in its most engaging form, delineated in the clearest 
 colouring of purity of style and simplicity of language." Anti- 
 Jacobin Review. 
 
 10. Elements of Self-Knowledge, 1802, 8vo; 2ded.,1806. 
 11. The History of the Maroons, Lon., 1803, '04, 2 vols. 
 8vo. This work is censured with much severity by the 
 Edinburgh reviewer, (vol. ii. 376,) whose justice is ques 
 tioned by Mr. Rich: 
 
 " The Edinburgh Review seems to be rather too severe upon this 
 work, for by its own account, it contains much curious and inte 
 resting matter, and appears to form a useful appendix to Brian 
 Edwards's West Indies, Ac." 
 
 Vide Bibliotheca Americana Nova, ii. 13. 
 
 The three opinions which follow are entitled to great re 
 spect: 
 
 " The whole work is curious, interesting, and instructive, and 
 distinguished for the sincerity of its narrations." Lon. Annual 
 Review. 
 
 " We advise the inquisitive to consult the volumes of Mr. Dallas, 
 which certainly afford much of both information and entertain 
 ment." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 "This book was much esteemed for the simplicity of its narra 
 tion, and authenticity of its details." Lon. Gentleman's Mag. 
 
 12. The Costume of the Hereditary Estates of the House 
 of Austria, from the French of B. de Moleville, 1804, imp. 
 4to. 13. Refutation of the Libel on the Memory of the 
 
 1 ? t JF inS Y f , F nCe ' pub " ^ Helen M aria Williams, from 
 the French of B. de Moleville, 1804, 8vo. We confess that 
 the zeal with which this excellent man espouses the cause 
 of the "murdered majesty" of France recommends his 
 memory to our profound respect. How long will Ameri 
 cans degrade themselves, and disgrace the cause of -that 
 liberty which they profess to cherish, by extolling the Eno-. 
 lish regicides of the 17th, and the French regicides of the 
 
 I 18th century? Our country is afflicted with some apolo 
 gists for these damning crimes but " let no such man be 
 trusted !" 14. Aubrey, a Novel, 1804. 4 vols. 12mo. 
 
 "We here announce to our readers a very agreeable and instruc 
 tive novel, in which the incidents themselves afford a lesson both 
 improving and entertaining, and the sentiments are always founded 
 on just perceptions of reason and nature." Lon. Monthly Jh'ei-iew. 
 
 " In saying that this production is superior to the generality of 
 novels, we shall be thought by many to express ourselves but coldly 
 of its merits. Aubrey does, in fact, deserve a higher conuneuda- 
 tion. It is written with ease, and excites much interest iu-the 
 mind of the reader." British Critic. 
 
 15. Memoirs of Marie Antoinette, Queen of France, from 
 the French of Joseph Weber, her foster-brother, 1805, 8vo. 
 16. The Morlands; Tales illustrative of the Simple and 
 Surprising, 1805, 4 vols. 12ino. 
 
 " Thus concludes the first Tale of the Morlands : we shall take a 
 short notice of the second hereafter. This Tale is certainly much 
 superior to the general course of novels. The language is natural 
 and chaste, the business, in general, interesting and rapid, and the 
 moral effect is such as will often instruct, and can never offend." 
 Lon. Gen. Revieio. 
 
 "The merits of both his efforts are considerable; our judgment, 
 however, decides for the last." Anti-Jacobin Review. 
 
 "The value of these works of imagination consists in the faith 
 ful picture of mankind which they present. Mr. D.'s just discri 
 minations of character are evidences of his acquaintance with the 
 world. Many excellent reflections, and precepts of the best mo 
 rality, occur in the work." Lon. Monthly Iff view. 
 
 17. The Latter Years of the Reign and Life of Louis XVI., 
 from the French of Hue, 1806, 8vo. 18. The Knights; 
 Tales illustrative of the Marvellous, 1808, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 19. The Siege of Rochelle, an historical novel from the 
 French of Madame de Genlis, 1808, 3 vols. 12mo. 20. Not 
 at Home ; a Comedy, 1809, Svo. 21. The New Conspiracy 
 against the Jesuits detected and briefly exposed; with a 
 short account of their institutes, and observations on the 
 danger of systems of education independent of religion, 
 1815, Svo. 22. Recollections of the Life of Lord Byron, 
 from the year 1808 to the end of the year 1814, 1824, Svo. 
 
 "It certainly does appear that Mr. Dallas, from the first to the 
 last of his intimacy with Lord Byron, did every thing that a friend, 
 with the feelings of a parent, could do to win his lordship to the 
 cause of virtue, but unhappily in vain." Lon. Gentleman's Mag. 
 
 Mr. Dallas died at St. Adresse, in Normandy, at the ripe 
 age of seventy. 
 
 Dallas, Thomas, Surgeon. On the Treatment of a 
 Polypus in the Pharynx and (Esophagus ; Ess. Phys. and 
 Lit., iii. 525, 1771. Sequel to the preceding, by Dr. Monro, 
 iv. 534. Fatal Histories of different Tetanic Complaints, 
 in which the most powerful remedies were employed in 
 vain; Annals of Med., iii. 323, 1797. 
 
 Dallas, W. S. 1. Nat. Hist, of the Animal Kingdom, 
 Lon., 1856, p. Svo. 2. Elements of Entomology, 1857, p. Svo. 
 
 "In every thing essential the book is excellent and will prove a 
 useful guide for the entomological student." Annals of Nat. Hist. 
 
 Dallaway, Mrs. Harriet. A Manual of Heraldry 
 for Amateurs, Lon., 1828, 12rno. 
 
 " A useful work ; the descriptions are concise and simple. Some 
 copies have the cuts emblazoned." 
 
 Dallaway, James, 1763-1834, a native of Bristol, 
 England, was educated at Trinity College, Oxford; Rector 
 of South Stoke, Sussex, 1799; Vicar of Letherhead, Surrey, 
 1801. He officiated for some time as chaplain and physi 
 cian to the British Embassy at the Porte. He paid much 
 attention to antiquarian pursuits. 1. Letters of Bishop 
 Rundell to Mrs. Sandys, Oxf., 1789, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Inqui 
 ries into the Origin and Progress of the Science of Heraldry 
 in England, Gloucester, 1793, 4to. 
 
 " The author of this elegant and erudite work has here, with the 
 pen of a Tacitus, accurately defined, in a most comprehensive man 
 ner, the rise and progress of the science of heraldry, from the earliest 
 through the most interesting period of British history, accommo 
 dating the study to modern systems." Moulds Bibl. Heraldica. 
 
 In this work Mr. D. reprinted the part of the celebrated 
 "Boke of St. Alban's," printed in 1486, which relates to 
 Armorial Bearings. 3. Constantinople, Ancient and Mo 
 dern, 1797, 4to. 4. Letters and Works of Lady Mon 
 tagu, from her Original MSS., with Memoirs of her Life, 
 1805, 5 vols. Svo. 5. Anecdotes of the Arts in Eng 
 land, 1800, Svo. 6. Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting 
 in En-gland, considerably enlarged, 1806; 1828, 5 vols. 
 r. Svo. 
 
 "An admirable piiblication; quite a treasure, beautiful alike 
 in paper, printing, and engraving, and truly excellent in every 
 thing which depended upon the talents and exertions of its editor." 
 ~Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 " The Lives of the Painters by Walpole, with notes by the Rev. 
 Mr. Dallaway, form five perfectly resplendent volumes. In the 
 good old times of Bibliomania this work would have walked, of its 
 own accord, into the mahogany book-cases of half the Collections 
 in London." Dibdiri's Bibliomania. 
 
 7. History of the Western Division of the County of Sus- 
 1 sex, 1815, '19, imp.4to; vol. i.and vol. ii. parti. 500 copies 
 
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 were printed, of which 300 of the 1st vol., and 470 of the 
 1st part of the 2d, were destroyed by fire at Bensley's print 
 ing office, Bolt Court, June 26, 1819. Parochial Topogra 
 phy of the Rape of Arundel ; new ed. by Cartwright, and 
 Cartwright's Hist, of the Rape of Bramber, (forming vol. 
 ii. of Dallaway's Western Sussex,) 2 vols. imp. 4to, 1830- 
 32. Cartwright's Hist, of the Rape of Bramber was pub. 
 to complete Dallaway's work, and should not be neglected 
 by the collector. 
 
 8. Observations on English Architecture, military, eccle 
 siastical, and civil, 1806, 8vo; 1833. 
 
 " Mr. Dallaway has collected all the most striking facts respecting 
 the Saxon, Norman, and Gothic Architecture. Those who desire 
 to collect materials respecting the history and character of the Eng 
 lish Gothic Architecture, will find much that is valuable in this 
 volume; it will indeed be especially serviceable to architectural 
 students." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 9. Statuary and Sculpture among the Ancients, 1816, 8vo. 
 350 copies were printed, of which 200 were destroyed by 
 fire at Bensley's printing office. 10. William Wyrcestre 
 Redivivus, Bristol, 1823,4to. 11. Notices of Ancient Church 
 Architecture in the 15th Century, Lon., 1823, 4to. 12. Pic 
 tures exhibited in the Rooms of the British Institution 
 from 1813 to 1828. In the Archseol., xv. 231, 1803, will be 
 found an account by Mr. D. of the Walls of Constantinople. 
 
 Dallaway, J. J. The Map Pedometer, 4to. 
 Dallaway, R. C. The Servant's Monitor, Lon., 1815, 
 12mo. Observations on Education, 12mo. 
 
 Dallington, Sir Robert, d. 1637, aged 76, a native 
 of Geddington, Northamptonshire, was " bred a Bible clerk 
 (as I justly collect) in Bene't College; and after became a 
 schoolmaster in Norfolk." Fuller's Worthies. Wood says 
 he was a Greek scholar in Pembroke Hall. A Book of 
 Epitaphes made upon the death of the Right Worshipfull 
 Sir Win. Buttes. To this work, consisting of poems in 
 Latin and English, contributions were made by Thomas 
 Corbold, Henrie Gosnolde, <fec. It is now very rare. A 
 Method for Trauell, shewed by taking the View of France 
 as it stoode in 1598, Lon., by Thos. Creede, 8vo. Inscribed 
 "To all gentlemen that have trauelled. Rob. Dallington." 
 Survey of the Great Duke's State in Tuscany, in the year 
 1596, 1604, '05, 4to. Aphorisms, <fcc. ; 2d ed., 1629, with 
 the clause of Guicciardine defaced by the Inquisition. 
 
 " He had an excellent wit and judgment : witness his most accu 
 rate aphorisms on Tacitus." Fuller's Worthies. 
 
 Dallowe, Timothy. Boerhaave's Chemistry, with 
 the author's correct, and emendat, Lon., 1795, 2 vols. 4to 
 
 Dally, FrankFether. Apotheosis of Shakspeare, and 
 other Poems, Lon., 1848, 8vo. The Channel Islands, 1858. 
 
 Dalrymple, Alexander, 1737-1808, an eminent hy- 
 drographer, was a son of Sir James Dalrymple, Bart., of 
 New Hailes. In his 16th year he went out as a writer in 
 E. I. Company's service, and was placed in the secretary's 
 office. In 1779 he was appointed Hydrographer to the E. 
 I. Company, and in 1795, upon the establishment by the 
 Admiralty of a similar office, Dalrymple was selected to 
 fill the post. He took a lively interest in voyages of dis 
 covery. We notice a few of Mr. D.'s many publications. 
 See list in European Mag., Nov. and Dec. 1802, and in 
 Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Account of the Discoveries in the South Pacific Ocean 
 previous to 1764, Lon., 1767, 8vo. He states in his Histo 
 rical Collection, that but few copies of the above were 
 printed, and that "it was not published until some time 
 after, when it was reported that the French had discovered 
 the Southern Continent, the great object of all his re 
 searches." 
 
 An Historical Collection of the South Sea Voyages 
 Vol. i., The Spanish Voyages ; Vol. ii., The Dutch Voyages,' 
 2 vols. 4to, 1770-71. The collector should see that the 2d 
 vol. has a chronological table, and a vocabulary, for these 
 are frequently wanting. Both Burney's and Dairy mple's 
 Collections 
 
 " Are by men well qualified by science, learning, research, and 
 devotedness to their object, to perform well what they undertook 
 on any subject connected with geography and discovery." Steven 
 son's Voyages and Travels. 
 
 "Dalrymple is a great name in the annals of Navigation and 
 Hydrography, and the present collection is among the very best 
 of his works." T. F. DIBDIN. 
 
 Collection of Voyages, chiefly in the Southern Atlantic 
 Ocean, 1775, 4to. 
 
 A Letter to Dr. Hawkesworth, occasioned by some ground 
 less and illiberal imputations in his account of the late 
 Voyages to the South, 1773, 4to. 
 
 "The indefatigable Alexander Dalrymple. who appears to have 
 been the first projector of the expeditions under Wallis. Cartaret 
 and Cook, to the South Seas, in which he was not permitted to join 
 is rather severe in this tract, upon some parts of Dr. Hawkesworth's 
 account of these voyages." Rich's Bibliotheca Americana Nova 
 
 Observations on Dr. Hawkesworth's Preface to the 2d 
 edit., 1773, 4to. 
 
 An Historical Journal of the expeditions by sea and land 
 to the North of California, in 1768, '69, and '70; when 
 Spanish establishments were first made at San Diego and 
 Monte Rey, 1790, 4to. 
 
 "This was a Spanish MS. presented to the ingenious and inde 
 fatigable Mr. Dalrymple by Dr. Robertson. Mr. D. had it translated 
 by Mr. Revely, and enriched it with other corresponding material, 
 and two maps of this hitherto imperfectly known coast. The ac- 
 ( count is very curious and interesting." Lon. Monthly Ifeview. See 
 Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova under 1790, and the notice ofDiario His- 
 torico under 1770. 
 
 The Oriental Repository, 1791-1808, 2 vols. imp. 4to. 
 This is a valuable collection of tracts relating to the com 
 merce, history, manners, and natural history of the East 
 Indies and China, including communications from Major 
 Rennell, Orme, Wilkins, Sir W. Jones, Roxburgh, <fcc. The 
 East India Company, at whose charge the collection was 
 pub., took 100 of the 250 copies which were struck off. 
 
 Collection of English Songs, with an Appendix of ori 
 ginal pieces, 1796, 8 vo. An excellent selection. Catalogue 
 of Authors who have written on Rio de la Plata, Paraguay, 
 and Chaco, 1809, 4to. Dalrymple pub. some papers in 
 Phil. Trans. In the London Institution is a very complete 
 copy of his collection of plans of ports in the East Indies, 
 with descriptions, a MS. index, &c. in 13 vols. folio and 
 quarto. 
 
 Dalrymple, Campbell. A Military Essay, Lon., 
 1761, 8vo. 
 
 Dalrymple, David, Lord Hailes, son of the pre 
 ceding, 1726-1792, a native of Edinburgh, was a learned 
 and industrious lawyer and antiquarj r , and added consider 
 ably to the historical treasures of the language. In 1776 
 he became Lord Commissioner of the Justiciary. Many 
 j interesting details connected with his literary history will 
 I be found in Boswell's Life of Johnson, Tytler's Life of 
 I Lord Kames, and Forbes's Life of Beattie. Sacred Poems 
 ; by various authors, Edin., 1751, 12mo. A Cat. of the Lords 
 j of Session from 1532, 1767, 4to. Memorials and Letters 
 I relating to the Histories of Britain in the reign of James 
 I., Glasg., 1762, 8vo; 1766, 8vo; in the reign of Charles I., 
 1766, sm. 8vo; the same, with account of the preservation 
 of Charles II. after the battle of Worcester, 1766, sm. 8vo. 
 Secret Corresp. of Sir Robert Cecil with James VI., Edin., 
 1766, 12mo. Annals of Scotland, 1056-1370, 2 vols. 4to, 
 1776-79; 1819, 3 vols. 8vo, including other works. 
 
 " The Memoirs of Dalrymple contain very curious information, 
 and will give important hints most useful to every inquirer into 
 the Constitutional History of England." PROF. SMYTH. 
 
 " It is in our language, I think, a new mode of history, which 
 tells all that is wanted, and, I suppose all that is known, without 
 laboured splendour of language, or affected subtility of conjecture. 
 ... A book which will always sell; it has such a stability of dates, 
 such a certainty of facts, and such a punctuality of citation, I 
 never before read Scotch History with certainty." DR. SAMUEL 
 JOHNSON. 
 
 " Lord Hailes's Annals of Scotland, it is believed, stands unri 
 valled in the English language for a purity and simplicity of style, 
 an elegance, perspicuity, and conciseness of narration, that pecu 
 liarly suited the form of his work, and is entirely void of that false 
 ornament and stately gait which makes the works of some other 
 writers appear in gigantic but fictitious majesty ."Edinburgh Mag. 
 Remains of Christian Antiquity, with Notes, Edin., 1766- 
 80, 3 vols. 12mo. Lord H. pub. translations of Lactantius 
 de Justitia and other works, (see list in Orme's Bibl. Bib.,) 
 which have been highly commended : 
 
 " These works by Lord Hailes are among the most elegant speci 
 mens of translation, and discover a profound acquaintance with 
 the most minute circumstances of early Christian antiquity. . . . 
 He was one of the most formidable antagonists of Gibbon. His 
 Inquiry into the Secondary Causes [pub. 1786, 4to: new ed., 1808, 
 12mo] is a most triumphant exposure of the sophistry and mis 
 representations of that artful writer. The preceding works are 
 now become scarce; but I know not a higher treat which can be 
 enjoyed by a cultivated and curious mind than that which they 
 afford." Or mr's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " They would have been admired in days when the knowledge 
 of sacred criticism was less rare, and when the value of it was more 
 justly estimated." DR. ERSKINE. 
 
 An Examination of some of the Arguments for the High 
 Antiquity of Reyiam Majestatem; and an Enquiry into the 
 Authenticity of Leges Malcomi, 1768, 4to. Tracts relative 
 to the Hist, and Antiquities of Scotland, 1800, 4to. One 
 of the tracts in this collection was rigidly suppressed imme 
 diately after publication. For other works of this learned 
 author see Watt's Bibl. Brit. In 1826, 2 vols. 4to, were 
 pub. his Decisions of the Lords of Council and Session 
 from 1766 to 1791, selected from the original MSS. by M. 
 P. Brown. 
 
 Dalrymple, Sir Hew, 1652-1737, of North Berwick, 
 President of the Court of Sessions. Decisions of the Court 
 of Sessions from 1698 to 1718, Edin., 1758, fol.; 1792. 
 
DAL 
 
 DAL 
 
 Dalrymple, General Sir Hew Whit eford, Bart., 
 1750-1830, commander of the army in Portugal, great- 
 grandson of the above. Memoir of his Proceedings as 
 connected with the Affairs of Spain and the Commencement 
 of the Peninsular War, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 " It forms, with the documents in the Appendix, a very valuable 
 and authentic addition for the history of the period in question." 
 United Service Journal. 
 
 Dalrymple, James, first Viscount Stair, 1619-1695, 
 was one of the Lords of Session, President Judge of the 
 Court of Session, Lord Advocate and Secretary of State. 
 Institutions of the Law of Scotland deduced from its ori 
 ginal, and collated with the Civil, Canon, and Feudal Laws, 
 and with the Customs of our neighbouring Nations, Edin., 
 1681, fol.; 2d ed., 1693; 3d ed., 1759; 4th ed., with Com 
 mentaries and a Supplet. by George Brodie, Edin., 1825 
 32, 2 vols. fol. There is a later edit, by John S. More. 
 
 " A work surprisingly in advance of the age in which it was pro 
 duced, and reflecting honour upon the name and family of its 
 gifted author." Warren's Law Studies, 2d edit., 887. 
 
 "It is in truth to be regarded as a Digest of the judgments of 
 the Court of Session, reduced to order according to the spirit and 
 arrangement of the Roman jurisprudence." G. J. BelVs Commen 
 taries on the Law of Scotland, vol. i. Preface. 
 
 " A Treatise on General Jurisprudence, illustrated by reference 
 to the Law of Scotland." See More's edit. 
 
 " Our own greatest judicial authors make frequent use of the 
 writings of Lord Stair, who is often cited, for instance, by Black- 
 stone." Warren's Law Studies, 888. 
 
 Decisions of the Lords of Council and Session, 1661 
 1681, 2 vols. fol., 1683-87. Physiologia Nova Experiment- 
 alis, Lugd. Bat., 1686, 4to. This was pub. during his exile. 
 An Apologie for himself, Edin., 1690, 4to. A copy, said to 
 be unique, is in the Advocates' Library. In 1815 seventy- 
 two copies were printed at the expense of Wm. Blair, Esq., 
 for the members of the Bannatyne Club. Modus Litigandi, 
 1681, fol. Vindication of the Divine Perfections, illustrat 
 ing the Glory of God in them by Reason and Revelation, 
 Lon., 1695, 4to. 
 
 Dalrymple, Sir James, Bart. Collections concern 
 ing the Scottish History preceding the death of King 
 David I., anno 1153, Edin., 1705, 8vo. Vindication of the 
 Ecclesiastical part of the above, Edin., 1714, 8vo. Sir 
 James's critic was Mr. John Gillane. See Gillane's Life 
 of John Sage. 
 
 Dalrymple, John, 5th Earl of Stair, d. 1789, was 
 called the " Cassandra of the State" from his gloomy pre 
 dictions concerning matters of political economy. 1. The 
 State of the National Debt, Income, and Expenditure, 1776, 
 fol. 2. Facts and their Consequences, 1782, 8vo. 3. State 
 of the Public Debts. 4. An Attempt to balance the Income 
 and Expenditure of the State, 1783, 8vo. Appendix to 
 ditto. 5. An Argument to prove that it is the Indispen 
 sable Duty of the Public to insist that Government do forth- 
 
 and Algernon Sydney, elicited several responses by Joseph. 
 Towers and others. 
 
 " Another publication remains yet to be mentioned, which de 
 servedly excited the attention of the public on its first appearance, 
 and which must always be examined with great care by every in 
 quirer into the constitutional history of England the Memoirs of 
 Dalrymple. They contain very curious information ; and will give 
 very important hints respecting the character and views of both 
 the Duke of York, the king, and the popular leaders, and put the 
 student into possession of the state secrets of the reign." Prof. 
 Smyth's Lectures on Modern History. 
 
 "This Dalrymple seems to be an honest fellow; for he tells 
 equally what makes against both sides. But nothing can be poorer 
 than his mode of writing; it is the mere bouncing of a schoolboy: 
 'Great He! but greater She!' and such stuff." DR. SAML. JOHNSON. 
 
 The Rights of Great Britain asserted against the claims 
 of America; being an answer to the declarations of the 
 general Congress, Lon., 1776, 8vo. 
 
 "This celebrated performance is said to have been written, 
 printed, and liberally distributed, both in Great Britain and Ame 
 rica, at the instance and expense of government ; but whether this 
 be true or not, the work itself, we are afraid, will answer no other 
 purpose than to exasperate the people of Great Britain against 
 their brethren of America, and, by inflaming misrepresentations 
 and invectives, aggravate the evils of our present civil discord." 
 Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 " I have a copy of the EIGHTH EDITION, (printed in the same year ;) 
 to which is now added a refutation of Dr. Price's State of the na 
 tional debt; which belonged to Sir James Mackintosh, who has 
 written on the fly-leaf, ' now owned to be by Sir John Dalrymple.' " 
 Rich's Bibl. Americana Nova, under 1776, p. 237. 
 
 Dalrymple, John, 1804-1852, b. at Norwich. Ana 
 tomy of the Human Eye, Lon., 1834,12rno. Pathology of the 
 Human Eye : complete in nine fasciculi, imp. 4to, 1849, &c. 
 
 ' The value of this work can scarcely be overestimated." Brit, 
 and For. Medico-dfiir. Review. 
 
 " The most truly valuable work upon the pathology of the hu 
 man eye which has yet appeared." Dublin Quarterly Journal. 
 
 As practically useful as it is beautiful." ion. Lancet. 
 Dalrymple, Major Wm. Travels through Spain 
 and Portugal in 1774, Lon., 1777, 4to. Treatise on Military 
 Tactics, 1781, 8vo. 
 
 Dalrymple, Wm., D.D., d. 1813, aged 90. History 
 of Christ, 1787, 8vo. Family Worship explained; in four 
 Serms., 1787, 8vo. 
 
 Dalrymple, Wm. Treatise on the Culture of Wheat, 
 1800, 8vo. 
 
 " This work treats of wheat on strong and light lands, the rota 
 tions of cropping, seed, and sowing, and steeps or brines. The ideas 
 are not very enlightened, and now far superseded." Donaldson's 
 Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Dalton, Edward. The Jesuits, their Principles and 
 Acts, Lon., 1843, 18mo. 
 " Very useful." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Six Serms., 1844, 18mo. Thoughts for Each Day, 1844, 
 18mo. Life of Joseph, 1846, 12mo. 
 
 Dalton, J. 15 Serms. A Serm., 1771, '73, 8vo. 
 Dalton, James. A strange and true relation of a 
 with bring forward the Consideration of the State of the y oun g Woman possest with the Devill, Lon., 1647, 4to. 
 Nation, 1783, 8vo. 6. On the proper Limits of Govern- j Dalton, John, 1709-1763, Fellow of Queen's Coll., 
 ment's Interference with the Affairs of the East India Com 
 pany, 1784, 8vo. 7. Address to, and Expostulation with, 
 the Public, 1784, 8vo. Comparative State of the Public 
 Revenues for the Years ended 10th Oct. 1783, and 10th 
 Oct. 1784, '85, 8vo. Other publications. See Park's Wai- 
 pole's R. and N. Authors. 
 
 Dalrymple, Sir John, 1726-1810, a Baron of Exche 
 quer in Scotland, and father to the present Earl of Stair. 
 An Essay towards a General History of Feudal Property 
 in Great Britain, Lon., 1757 and 1758, 8vo, and 4th edit., 
 1759, 12mo. Highly esteemed. Considerations on the Po- 
 Acy of Entails in a Nation, Edin., 1765, 8vo. 
 
 " The Considerations on Entail is one of the best defences that 
 
 has been put forth of their policy. It appears to have been prin- ! he treated." R. D. THOMSON, M.D., &c. 
 cipally intended as an answer to the following tract, [A Free Dis- I 2 English Grammar, 1801, 8vo. 
 
 Law of Entails in Scotland, Ac., Edin., Chemica i Philosophy. Part 1st, 1808, 8vo. Part 2d, Man 
 ns are vigorously and ably attacked."- i chegte 1810 8vo \ -p art 3> 18 27. Chemical Con. to Nic. 
 
 ! Jour., 1806, '11 ; to Annals of Phil., 1813, '14. See Rich's 
 
 to be Exported when the Price is Low at Home, on Paying Cyc of Biog 1854, and ^^^Win^omBonJ, 
 a Duty to the Public? Lon., 1781, 8vo. i Cyclopaedia of Chemistry; also Brit. Quar. Rev., i. 157, 
 
 " A well-written pamphlet, in which the question is answered in nd Westm. Rev., xlv. 
 
 Oxf.; Prebendary of Worcester; Rector of St. Mary-at- 
 Hill. Two Epistles, 1744, 4to. Poem on the Coal Mines 
 near Whitehaven, &c., 1755, 4to. Remarks on 12 Designs 
 of Raphael. Serms., 1745, '47, '55. Serms., 1757. 
 
 "The discourse on Peace is one of the best sermons which we 
 remember to have read on the subject." ion. O>-itical Review. 
 
 Dalton, John, 1767-1844, a native of Eaglesfield, 
 Cumberland, was a teacher of mathematics at Manchester. 
 He made some valuable contributions to chemistry : the 
 Atomic theory; theory of Mixed Gases ; meteorological ob 
 servations, Ac. Meteorological Observations and Essays, 
 Lon., 1793, 8vo. 
 
 All of which have thrown much light on the subject of which 
 
 3. New System of 
 
 the affirmative." Ubi supra. 
 
 Memoirs of Great Britain and Ireland, from the Disso 
 lution of the last Parliament of Charles II., until the Sea 
 Battle off La Hogue. With the Supplement and Appen 
 dices, 3 vols. 4to, Edin., 1771, '73, '88. New edit., with a 
 continuation till the capture of the French and Spanish 
 Fleets at Vigo, Lon., 1790, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Dalrymple was the first to procure access to the despatches of 1 
 Barillon, the French minister at the Court of James II., and thereby 
 
 Dalton, Maria R. The Vicar of Lansdowne; a Tale, 
 Lon., 1789, 2 vols. 
 
 Dalton, Michael, M.P., 1554-1620, an English law 
 yer. 1. The County Justice, 1619, fol. ; 10 or 12 edits. : 
 last 1746, fol. 
 
 " A book which, though not a judicial authority, is of consider 
 able weight." Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 251 ; 3 Bos. < PuL, 254; 1 Brod. 
 
 2.' Officium Vicecomitum, the Office and Authority of 
 
 , ., erey 
 
 unveil the state secrets of the reign, and in particular the fact that Sheriffs; with an Appendix, Lon., 168^, I7UU, lol. 
 
 the leaders of the Whigs were in the pay of Louis XIV." There is a MS. of his in the Brit. Museum, entitled A 
 
 See Dalrymple's second volume. The statements thus Breviary or Chronology of the State of the Roman or 
 
 put forth respecting the character of Lord William Russell i Western Church or Empire, Ac. 
 
DAL 
 
 DAN 
 
 Dalton, R. Every Man his own Physician; or the 
 present Practice of Physic, Lon., 1780, 12mo. 
 
 Dalton, Richard, d. 1791, keeper of the pictures, 
 medals, &c., and antiquary to George III., was a brother 
 of John Dalton, Prebendary of Worcester. Explan. of a 
 set of prints relative to the Manners, Customs, &c. of the 
 present inhabitants of Egypt, Lon., 1781, fol. Antiquities 
 and Scenery in Greece and Egypt, 1791, fol. These en 
 gravings include the basso-relievos discovered in Carla, &c. 
 
 Dalvimart, M. Costume of Turkey, 1802, imp. 4to. 
 
 Daly, Charles P., Judge of the Common Pleas, N. 
 York. Historical Sketch of the Judicial Tribunals of New 
 York from 1623 to 1846. 
 
 Daly, Daniel, 1595-1662, an Irish Dominican monk, 
 founder and superior of a college of his order at Lisbon. 
 Initiuin, incrementum et exitus familige Giraldinorum Des- 
 inonire, &c., Lisbon, 1655, 8vo. 
 
 Daly, Daniel, Trial between, and R. Holies, 1803. 
 
 Dalyell, Sir John Graham, d. 1851, in his 74th 
 year. Fragments of Scot. History, Edin., 1798, 4to. Scot. 
 Poems of the Sixteenth Century, 1801, 8vo. Tracts on the 
 Nat. Hist, of Animals and Vegetables, &c., 1803, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Illust. of Scot. Hist, 1806, 8vo. Monastic Antiquities, 1809, 
 8vo. Ancient MS. of Martial's Epigrams, 1812, 8vo. Lind 
 say of Pitscottie's Hist, of Scotland, new ed. Darker Super 
 stitions of Scotland, 1834, 8vo. Rare and Remarkable 
 Animals of Scotland, Lon., 1847, '48, 2 vols. 4to, 6 6s. 
 
 " The present publication will not only prove Sir John's inde 
 pendent discoveries and priority, but it will place its author in the 
 first rank of those who gain deserved honour by their talent for 
 original observation, and by that devoted love," &c. Annals and 
 Magazine of Natural History, Feb. 1848. 
 
 Powers of the Creator Displayed in the Creation, 1851- 
 53, 2 vols. 4to, 8 8. Other works. 
 
 Dalzel, Andrew, 1750P-1806, a native of Ratho, 
 near Edinburgh, was Professor of Greek in the University 
 of Edinburgh. The Plain of Tfoy, from Chevalier, Edin., 
 1791, 4to. Drysdale's Serms., with Life, <fcc., 1793, 2 vols. 
 8vo. Analecta Graeca Minora cum Notis Philologicis. New 
 edit, with notes by Rev. J. T. White, Lon., 1849, p. 8vo. 
 Collectanea Graeca Majora, Edin., 1802, '03, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Vol. L, 4th edit, 1840 ; vol. ii., 8th edit, 1845 ; vol. iii., 
 1825. Con. to Trans. R. Soc., Edin., ii. 3, 1790. In Mr. 
 White's edit, of Dalzel's Analecta Graeca Minora, a portion 
 of the long extracts from Lucian has been retrenched, and 
 the place supplied by selections from Arrian and ^Elian. 
 The notes are written in English, and the Greek Lexicon 
 nas been remodelled and enlarged. Substance of Lectures 
 on the Ancient Greeks, 1821, 8vo. See a review in Lon. 
 Quarterly Review, xxvi. 243. 
 
 Dalzel, Archibald, Governor of Whydah, and after 
 wards of Cape Coast Castle, in Africa. The History of Da- 
 Homey, Lon., 1793, 4to. 
 
 " The official situation which the author held gave him opportu 
 nities of gaining much valuable information of this kingdom and 
 its inhabitants, the accuracy of which may be depended on." 
 Stevenson's Voyages and Travels. 
 
 Dalzel, James. Short Genealogy of the Family of 
 Maitland, Earl of Lauderdale, Edin., 1785, 4to. Privately 
 printed. 
 
 Daman, or Damon, Wm., one of Queen Elizabeth's 
 Musicians. The Psaumes of Dauid in English meter, Lon., 
 1579, long 8vo. Guil. Damon, his Psalmes, in foure p&rtes, 
 1591, 4to. 
 
 Damberger, C. F. Travels in the Interior of Africa, 
 Lon., 1801, 8vo; from the German. Of these celebrated 
 fictitious travels, written in a garret in London, two trans 
 lations were published in 1801. 
 
 Darner, Hon. Mrs. Diary of her Tour in Greece, 
 Turkey, Egypt, and the Holy Land, Lon., 2 vols. p. 8vo, 
 1841, '42. 
 
 "The Hon. Mrs. Darner, a descendant of Lady Mary Wortley 
 Montagu, successfully rivals her ladyship in the very features in 
 which she has so long been considered the most delightful of tour 
 ists. Such pictures of Turkish private life as are here given, it is 
 vain to look for elsewhere." Lon. New Monthly Mag. 
 
 " Information that cannot but be considered of unrivalled inter 
 est in every part of the Christian world." Lon. Sun. 
 
 Damets, Dr. Juan. Hist of the Baliarick Islands, 
 or Kingdom of Majorca, Lon., 1719, 8vo. 
 
 Damon, Wm. See DAMAN. 
 
 Dampier, George. Cure for bites of Mad Creatures, 
 Phil. Trans., 1698. 
 
 Dampier, Thomas, D.D., Dean of Rochester. Serm., 
 1782, 4to. 
 
 Dampier, Capt. Wm., b. 1652, a celebrated naviga 
 tor, was a native of Somersetshire. A sketch of his voyages 
 is contained in Chalmers's Biog. Diet, and in the Biogra 
 phic Universelle ; but the reader should not neglect to pe 
 
 ruse the voyages, the best edit, of which will be found in 
 the Collection pub. in 1729, Lon., 4 vols. 8vo. Contents : 
 1. Capt. Dampier's Voyages round the World. 2. Voyages 
 of Lionel Wafer. 3. Voyage round the World, by W. Fun- 
 nell, Mate to Capt. Dampier. 4. Capt. Cowley's Voyage 
 round the Globe. 5. Capt Sharp's Journey over the Isth 
 mus of Darien, and Expedition into the South Seas. 6. Capt. 
 Wood's Voyage through the Streights of Magellan. 7. Mr. 
 Roberts's Adventures and Sufferings among the Corsairs 
 of the Levant. 
 
 Dampier's Account of a New Voyage round the World 
 was pub. in 1697, 3 vols. 8vo ; 1699, 2 vols. 8vo; 1703, 3 
 vols. 8vo. Voyage to New Holland, 1781, <fec. Besides 
 several edits., the substance of his story has been transfer 
 red into many Collections of Voyages. 
 
 " It is not easy to name another Voyager who has given more 
 useful information to the World, and to whom the Merchant and 
 Marine are so much indebted." BURNET. 
 
 "Unequalled as an observer, and gifted with the most remark 
 able powers of description." 
 
 Dan, Archdeacon. Discourse of the Army of the 
 King of Spain, assembled at Lisbon against England, 
 Lon., 1588, 8vo. 
 
 Dana, Charles Anderson, b. August 8, 1819, at 
 Hinsdale, N.H. He entered Harvard Univ. in 1839, but, 
 owing to a disease of the eyes, he remained there but two 
 years, and received an honourable dismissal. He suc 
 cessively edited The Harbinger, a Weekly Journal devoted 
 to Social Reform and General Literature ; the Boston Chro- 
 notype; and in 1847 he became connected with the N.Y. 
 Tribune, and is now (1858) one of its proprietors, and, in 
 the absence of Mr. Greeley, editor-in-chief. He edited the 
 Household Book of Poetry, N.Y., 1858, 8vo, pp. 793. 
 
 " Dana's Household Book of Poetry is a success. Everybody is 
 glad to have in a single volume the English poems to which they 
 habitually love to refer." HENRY T. TUCKERMAN. 
 
 In connexion with Geo. Ripley, he is editing Appleton's 
 New American Cyclopaedia, to be completed in 15 vols. 
 8vo. See RIPLEY, GEORGE. 
 
 Dana, E. Geographical Sketches of the Western 
 Country ; for Emigrants and Settlers, Cin., 1819, 12mo. 
 
 Dana, Francis, LL.D., d. 1811, aged 68, Chief Jus 
 tice of Massachusetts, was a descendant of Richard Dana, 
 who died at Cambridge about 1695. Francis Dana was 
 envoy to Russia during the American Revolution, a mem 
 ber of Congress, and of the Massachusetts Convention for 
 adopting the national Constitution. In politics he was a 
 decided and energetic Federalist. His Correspondence 
 whilst in Europe will be found in Sparks's Diplomatic Cor 
 respondence, vol. viii. We shall hereafter have occasion 
 to notice the literary productions of Judge Dana's distin 
 guished son, RICHARD H. DANA. 
 
 Dana, James, D.D., d. 1812, aged 77, a minister of 
 New Haven, was a native of Massachusetts. Examination 
 of Edwards's Inquiry on the Freedom of the Will, Boston, 
 1770, 8vo. Anon. The Examination Continued, New Ha 
 ven, 1773; with his name 3 Serms. in Amer. Preacher, 
 vol. i and iii. Serms., 1763, '64, '67, '70, '74, '90, '91, '92, 
 '94, '95, 1801, '05, '06. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet, 
 
 Dana, Professor James Dwight, b. 1813, at Utica, 
 New York, is a son of James Dana. 1. A System of Mine 
 ralogy. 1st edit, New Haven, 1837, 8vo, pp. 572; 2dedit, 
 N. York, 1844, pp. 634; 3d edit, 1850, pp. 712; 4th edit, 
 1854, 2 vols., pp. 320 and 354 ; 5th ed., 1858, 8vo. 
 
 "This work does great honour to America, and should make us 
 blush for the neglect in England of an important and interesting 
 science." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 2. Manual of Mineralogy, New Haven, 1849, 12mo; 
 1851, pp. 432. 3. Report on Zoophytes; United States 
 Exploring Expedition under Commander Charles Wilkes, 
 U.S.N., pp. 740, 4to, with an Atlas in folio, of 61 plates, 
 Phila., 1846. Report on Geology, (Ibid,) pp. 756, 4to, with 
 an Atlas in folio of 21 plates, New York, 1849. Report on 
 Crustacea, 2 vols. 4to, pp. 1620, with an Atlas in folio of 
 96 plates, 1852. Mr. Dana has been since 1846 one of the 
 editors of The American Journal of Science, and to this pe 
 riodical and the proceedings of the following learned bodies 
 he has contributed many valuable papers : The proceedings 
 of the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia; the 
 Academy of Science, Boston ; the Lyceum of Natural His 
 tory, N. York ; the American Association for the Advance 
 ment of Science. 
 
 Dana, Professor James Freeman, M.D., 1793- 
 1827, grandson of Judge Samuel Dana, and son of Luther 
 Dana, was Professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy at Dart 
 mouth College, and subsequently Professor of Chemistry 
 in the College of Physicians and Surgeons at New York. 
 
 Outlines of the Mineralogy and Geology of Boston and 
 
DAN 
 
 DAN 
 
 its Vicinity, Boston, 1818, 8vo; written in conjunction with 
 his brother, Samuel L. Dana, M.D. An Epitome of Che 
 mical Philosophy, 1825, 8vo. He contributed to several 
 journals. See Thacher's Med. Biog.; Cat. N. H. Hist. 
 Soc., ii. 290. 
 
 Dana, James G. Reports of Select Cases decided 
 in the Court of Appeals of Kentucky, 1834-40, Frankfort, 
 9 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Dana, Joseph, D.D., 1742-1827, a minister of Ips 
 wich, Massachusetts. Discourses, 1782, '95, '99, 1800, '01, 
 '06, '07, '18. 
 
 Dana, Richard Henry, b. 1787, at Cambridge, Mas 
 sachusetts, is a son of FRANCIS DANA, (v. ante,) successively 
 minister to Russia, member of Congress, and Chief Justice 
 of Massachusetts. The first of the family who settled in 
 America (about the middle of the 17th century) was 
 Richard Dana, a descendant of William Dana, Sheriff of 
 Middlesex during the reign of Queen Elizabeth. After a 
 course of three years' application to his studies at Harvard 
 College, he adopted the profession of the law, which he 
 may be said to have inherited, as his father and grand 
 father, and his mother's father and grandfather, were all 
 gentlemen of the long robe. Mr. Dana's health was not 
 robust, and this impediment to active exertion, combined 
 with an inclination to authorship, caused him to close his 
 office, and assume a portion of the mingled pleasures and 
 pains attendant upon a partial editorship of the North 
 American Review, in conjunction with his relative, Edward 
 T. Channing, principal manager of that excellent periodi 
 cal. Whilst associate editor or rather assistant in the 
 management of the Review, he wrote a number of articles 
 for its pages, among the best known of which is the review 
 of Hazlitt's Lectures on the British Poets. We may here 
 remark that Mr. Dana was one of the first to oppose the 
 despotic sway of the great Jeffrey, who then ruled the Re 
 public of Letters with a "rod of iron ;" one of the first to 
 claim for Wordsworth and Coleridge the tribute which has 
 since been so heartily accorded to them. Mr. Dana's con 
 nection with the Review ceased in 1820, and soon after his 
 withdrawal from the North American Club, he began The 
 Idle Man, of which the first volume appeared in 1821. 
 This volume, and one number of a second, compose the 
 whole series of this periodical. It was unprofitable, and 
 Mr. Dana did not deem it a duty to amuse and instruct the 
 public at his own expense. In The Idle Man appeared 
 Tom Thornton, a novel; his other stories, and several es 
 says. In 1821 Mr. Dana contributed to The New York 
 Review under the editorial care of his friend, Wm. C. 
 Bryant his first poem, The Dying Raven. In 1827 he 
 published his most celebrated production, The Buccaneer; 
 some other poems were included in the same volume. In 
 1833 he gave to the world an edition of his Poems and 
 Prose Writings, including The Buccaneer and other pieces 
 embraced in his previous volume, with some new poems, 
 and his own compositions originally published in The Idle 
 Man. Since 1833 Mr. Dana has written but little. He 
 has contributed a few articles to The Literary and Theo 
 logical Review, and The Spirit of the Pilgrims, and a few 
 poems to a magazine published under the editorial super 
 intendence of the Rev. Dr. Griswold ; to whose works on 
 American Authors we are indebted for the facts contained 
 in this notice. 
 
 We must not omit to notice, as among the most valuable 
 of Mr. Dana's contributions to the intellectual wealth of 
 his country, a course of ten lectures upon Shakspeare, de 
 livered in the winters of 1839 and '40 in the cities of Bos 
 ton, New York, and Philadelphia. Many of our readers 
 will remember the interest excited among the more intel 
 ligent classes by these expositions of the excellencies of 
 the great poet of human nature under all types and in all 
 ages. A collective ed. of Mr. Dana's Poems and Prose 
 Writings was pub. N. York, 1850, 2 vols. 12mo; and a 
 vol. entitled The Poetical Works of Edgar Allan Poe and 
 Richard H. Dana was printed by Routledge, Lon., 1857, 
 18mo, pp. 260. For the profit of the reader, we give some 
 extracts from a review of the American volumes by Mr. S. 
 G. Brown : 
 
 No one can rise from even a rapid perusal, without a fresh im 
 pulse towards the noblest objects of life ; no one can become familiar 
 with them without being unconsciously led to a habit of serious 
 thought, and finding his best affections most cherished, and his 
 sympathies with the beautiful, the good, and the true, enlarged 
 and strengthened. ... An exquisite and indescribable delicacy 
 and gentleness of spirit pervades every page, and beautifully tinges 
 the thoughts which another would have expressed, if at all, with 
 a glaring obtrusiveness. . . . The special power of the imagination, 
 impenetrated, warmed, and directed by the affections, gives a pe 
 culiar and inimitable vitality to the style; and perhaps there is no 
 single quality of Mr. Dana's mind which so strongly individualizes, 
 
 elevates, and, as we may say, glorifies his writings. In the gravest 
 essay, no less than in the story, you fiill upon some touching ex 
 pression upon almost every page, to which the heart gave birth, 
 not the head. . . . After these quotations it surely needs no word 
 of ours, as it has by no means been our object, to vindicate the 
 claim of the author to what the gentle Sir Philip calls 'the sacred 
 name of Poet.' That verdict was given long since. Accuracy of 
 observation, a wide and genuine sympathy, au insight into the 
 secret heart of things, a just judgment and ample knowledge, a 
 fancy to paint and an imagination to warm and enliven, an ear 
 for the music of language, and a mind all aglow with the fire of 
 thought, attest the truth to which we, must readily assent." 
 North Amer. Review, Ixxii. 115. 
 
 The reader must not fail to peruse a notice of The Buc 
 cancer in Blackwood's Magazine, (xxxvii. 419, 1835,) whicL 
 the famous reviewer introduces, and treats throughout in 
 his own inimitable style : 
 
 " We remember some years ago having been greatly struck, in 
 Specimens of the American Poets a Collection in three volumes, 
 which some consummate villain has stolen from us with The Buc 
 caneer, by Richard H. Dana. It is included in this volume, [Selec 
 tions from the American Poets, Dublin, 1834, l'2mo,] and we pro 
 nounce it by far the most powerful and original of American poet 
 ical compositions. The power is Mr. Dana's own; but the style 
 though he has made it his own too is coloured by that of Crabbe, 
 of Wordsworth, and of Coleridge. lie is no servile follower of those 
 great masters, but his genius has been inspired by theirs and he 
 almost places himself on a level with them by this extraordinary 
 story we mean on the level on which they stand in such poems 
 as the Old Grimes of Crabbe, the Peter Bell of Wordsworth, and 
 the Ancient Mariner of Coleridge. The Buccaneer is not equal to 
 any one of them, but it belongs to the same class, and shows much 
 of the same power in the delineations of the mysterious workings 
 of the passions and the imagination. The opening is very beau 
 tiful. ... In our abridgment the Tale has seemed almost all one 
 uninterrupted series of guilt and misery ; but sweet and soothing 
 imagery is sometimes very skilfully introduced for relief's sake, 
 and sometimes, too, touches of tenderness that may awaken tears." 
 CHRISTOPHER NORTH. 
 
 A notice of Mr. Dana's Thoughts on the Soul, by F. W. 
 P. Greenwood, will be found in the North American Re 
 view, xxx. 274: We quote a few lines: 
 
 "The poet's Thoughts on the Soul are evidently the breathings 
 of his own soul; and his words flow out warmly from his own 
 heart. There is a serious and earnest individuality about Mr. Da 
 na's muse, which forbids the suspicion that she can be playing a 
 part, or that she is in any degree otherwise than what she seems. 
 The love which she demands is respectful love, the homage which 
 is rendered to the beauty of holiness." 
 
 Dr. Griswold also notices this marked individuality, 
 which is so striking a characteristic of Mr. Dana's compo 
 sitions: 
 
 ; The strength of Mr. Dana lies very much in the union of sen 
 timent with imagination, or perhaps in an ascendency of sentiment 
 over his other faculties. It is this which makes every character 
 of his so actual, as if he entered into each with his own conscience, 
 and in himself suffered the victories over the will, and the remorse 
 which follows them. There are beautiful touches of fancy in his 
 tales, but as in his poems, the fancy is inferior and subject to the 
 imagination." 
 
 See also N. Amer. Rev., vol. v., (Wm. C. Bryant;) Chris. 
 Exam., xv., (C. C. Felton,) xlviii., (E. P. Whipple:) Amer. 
 Whig Rev., v., (Wm. A. Jones;) Amer. Quar. Obs., ii., 
 (E. C. Tracy;) Lit. and Theol. Rev., (Neh. Adams;) 
 Amer. Quar. Rev., iii. ; Amer. Month. Rev., iv. ; N. Eng. 
 Mag., v. ; N. Englander, ix. ; Knicker., xxxviii. ; Phila. 
 Mus., xxvL 
 
 "The Idle Man, which came out in numbers in 1821, '22, not 
 withstanding the cold reception it met with from the public, we 
 look upou as holding a place among the first productions of Ame 
 rican literature. It will be icferred to hereafter, we doubt not, 
 as standing apart from the crowd of contemporary writings, and 
 distinguished by a character of thought and expression peculiarly 
 its own. One reason why it took so little at its first appearance, 
 was probably the hardihood with which its author slighted the 
 usual arts of attracting the public attention, and conciliating the 
 public favour. It was not a work that reflected the passing image 
 of the day; and the author adopted no fashionable modes of ex 
 pression, submitted to no fashionable canons of criticism, copied 
 no popular author, and intimated no consent to favourite opinions. 
 He seems to have fixed his attention only upon what he thought 
 the permanent qualities of literature, and his work is one which 
 will be read a century hence, as at the present time. . . . The style 
 of The Idle Man is genuine mother English, formed from a study 
 of the elder authors of the language, with now and then a collo 
 quial expression of the humblest kind, elevated into unexpected 
 dignity, or an obsolete word or phrase revived, as if on purpose to 
 excite the distaste of the admirers of a stately or a inoderni/ed dic 
 tion. It is free from all commonplace ornaments, from all that 
 multitude of stock metaphors and illustrations which have an 
 swered the uses of authors from time immemorial. Add to this 
 that the speculations of the author were as much his own as his 
 style. An original turn of thinking is not the surest passport to 
 immediate popularity. It is much easier, and sometimes, much 
 safer, to follow one who thinks in the common track. . . . We like 
 this work [The Buccaneer and other Poems, Boston, 1827, 8vo, pp. 
 113] the better, perhaps, because some of its merits are of a kind 
 not common in modern poetry. It is simple and severe in its style, 
 and free from that perpetual desire to be glittering and imaginative, 
 which dresses up every idea that occurs in the same allowance of 
 figures of speech. As to what is called ambition of style, the work 
 
DAN 
 
 does not contain a particle of it: if the sentiment or image pre 
 sented to the reader's mind be of itself calculated to make an im 
 pression, it is allowed to do so, by being given in the most direct 
 and forcible language ; if otherwise, no pains are taken to make it 
 pass for more than it is worth. There is even an occasional home 
 liness of expression which does not strike us agreeably, and a few 
 passages are liable to the charge of harshness and abruptness. Yet, 
 altogether, there is power put forth in this little volume, strength 
 of pathos, talent at description, and command of language. There 
 is the same propensity as was exhibited in The Idle Man to deal 
 with strong and gloomy passions, with regret, remorse, fear, and 
 despair, with feelings over which present events have no control 
 except to exaggerate them, and which look steadily back to the" 
 unalterable past or forward to the mysterious future." WM. C. 
 BRYANT: TV. Amer. Rev., xxvi. 239. 
 
 Dana, Richard Henry, Jr., son of the preceding, 
 and a distinguished member of the Boston Bar, is known as 
 the author of Two Years before the Mast, N.Y., 1840, 24mo. 
 " This is, in many respects, a remarkable book. It is a success 
 ful attempt to describe a class of men, and a course of life, which, 
 though familiarly spoken of by most people, and considered as 
 within the limits of civilization, will appear to them now almost 
 as just discovered. To find a new subject in so old a sphere of 
 humanity is something ; and scarcely second to this are the spirit 
 and skill with which it is handled. It seems as if the writer must 
 have been favoured with a special gift for his novel enterprise. 
 . . . The style we had never thought of as a distinct thing, till we 
 began to prepare this notice ; and, no doubt, because it calls for no 
 separate remark, and is content with doing its work. It is plain, 
 straightforward and manly, never swollen for effect, or kept down 
 from apprehension. There is no appearance of seeking for words; 
 but those that will best answer the purpose come and fall into 
 their proper places of their own will ; so that, whatever the transi 
 tions may be, the composition flows on with natural, stream-like 
 varieties, while we partake of the changing influences without a 
 word of comment, and probably with little consciousness. This, 
 we suppose, is the perfection of style, so far as impression is con 
 cerned; and to some extent it will always be found in an intelli 
 gent writer, who, without thinking much of himself, or of making 
 a sensation, says honestly how things were, and how they affected 
 him. We must not, however, attribute too much to sincerity, or 
 even to intelligence. Where language is employed with singular 
 fitness and ease, a writer must be deep in the secret of its power, 
 though at little trouble in managing it." E. T. CHANNING: North 
 Amer. Rev., Hi. 56. See also Chris. Exam., vol. xxix. ; Dem. Rev., 
 viii. ; N. York Rev., vii. 
 
 We add a few lines from a transatlantic critic : 
 " This is an exceedingly interesting narrative, depicting, in its 
 true colours, what is the real life of a sailor before the mast. It is 
 the only work that has yet appeared from the pen of one whose 
 personal experience has enabled him to set forth to the public what 
 are the thoughts, feelings, enjoyments, and sufferings of our sea 
 men ; and Mr. Dana, the author of it, has been most successful in 
 his delineation of them. We strongly recommend this book to the 
 attention of the Tars of Old England, as being one which will afford 
 them both amusement and instruction. The fine tone of manly 
 feeling and tender sympathy which runs throughout the whole of 
 it. will not only suggest to them how they may make themselves 
 happy in their condition of life, but how they may encounter and 
 overcome the many troubles and trials to which their hardy pro 
 fession is necessarily exposed. We hope to hear that every sailor, 
 from the cabin-boy to the captain, has procured for himself a copy 
 of it. We are sure one perusal of it will amply repay him both 
 the expense and time taken up in it. 
 
 " We understand from competent judges /rom seamen themselves 
 that it is the only book that has yet appeared which gives any 
 real idea of the lite of a sailor. Captain Marryat's novels do not 
 depict what life on board ship is. Much of what is reported in 
 them to have passed in conversation was never spoken, and never 
 had existence but in the fertile imagination of the novelist: it is, 
 in short, as far different from the real life and character of the 
 sailor, as it possibly can be; and those who want to see what is the 
 true character of the man on board ship, have yet to peruse the 
 work of this estimable young man. It is, in fact, a voice from the 
 common sailor, a true picture of his thoughts, feelings, the fore 
 castle a faithful simple record of the every-day duty of enjoyments 
 and sufferings." 
 
 Mr. Dana has also published The Seaman's Friend, con 
 taining a Treatise on Practical Seamanship, with plates, a 
 Dictionary of Sea Terms, Customs and Usages of the Mer 
 chant Service, 1841, 12mo; Lon.,1856,p.8vo. Edited Wash 
 ington Allston's Lects. on Art, and Poems, N. Y., 1850, 12mo. 
 Dana, Samuel L., M.D. Treatise on Diseases, 8vo. 
 Essay on Manures, N. York, 1850, 12mo. Muck Manual 
 for Manures, Lowell, 1851, 12mo. See DANA, JAMES FREE 
 MAN, M.D. 
 
 Danby, Thomas Osborne,Earl of, subsequently 
 Duke of Leeds. Copies and Extracts of some Letters writ 
 ten to and from the Earl of Danby, 1676-78, with particu 
 lar Remarks upon some of them, Lon., 1710, 8vo. Pub. 
 by his Grace's direction to exculpate himself from the 
 charges laid against him in Parliament in 1678. See Ar 
 guments in the Court of King's Bench on his Motion for 
 Bail, 1682, fol.; Memoirs relating to his impeachment, 
 1711, 8vo. 
 
 Dance, George, d. 1824. A Collection of 72 Por 
 traits from Life, engraved by Wm. Daniel, Lon., 1808-14, 
 12 Nos. 2 vols fol. 
 
 Dancer. History of the Civil Wars of Great Britain 
 and Ireland, 1661, fol. 
 
 DAN 
 
 Dancer, John. Plato ami Aristotle, Lon.. 1673, 12mo; 
 Nicomede, a Tragi-Comedy, 1671 ; Agrippa, 1675, sm. fol. ; 
 all from the French. With Nicomede will be found a Cata 
 logue of all the English Stage Plays printed till this pre 
 sent year, 1671. Dancer trans. Amynta, a Play from Tasso. 
 All of his trans, are scarce. 
 
 Dancer, Thomas. Med. and botanical works, 1781- 
 1806. 
 
 Dancy, Mrs. Elizabeth, b. 1509, second daughter 
 of Sir Thomas More, was a correspondent of Erasmus, who 
 praises her for "her pure Latin style, and genteel way of 
 writing." See Ballard's Memoirs of British Ladies. 
 Dane, John, D.D. Serms., 1705, '10, '11, '12. 
 Dane, Nathan, d. 1834, aged 82, a native of Ipswich, 
 Massachusetts, founded in 1829 the Law Professorship 
 which bears his name at Harvard University. Abridg 
 ment and Digest of American Law, with Notes and Com 
 ments, Boston, 1823, 9 vols. 8vo. Appendix to ditto, 
 1830, 8vo. 
 
 "His comments exhibit various learning and close reflection, 
 and his illustrations cannot fail to assist such as seek for aid in 
 those obscure parts of the law which perplex by their intricacy 
 and equivocal direction." 
 
 " Although the Abridgment is a work of great labour, and an ac 
 knowledged monument of its author's industry, care, and accuracy, 
 yet it has never been' a great favourite with the profession, from 
 the want of method which pervades the entire work. It was valu 
 able when first published, but is now nearly superseded as a book 
 of reference, and no one thinks of reading it as an elementary trea 
 tise. Its immethodical plan and the natural changes and progress 
 of American jurisprudence have almost consigned to oblivion the 
 half-century's toil of a learned jurist and a true philanthropist." 
 Marvin's Legal Bibl., 252; 4 Amer. Jurist, Ixiii. 411; (9) 411. 
 
 " A liberal and learned profession will hold in high estimation 
 the labours of this eminent civilian and lawyer, who, for half a 
 century, has made American jurisprudence and American institu 
 tions his peculiar study; and every lawyer, instead of feeling re 
 gret for deficiencies, ought to be animated with sincere gratification 
 for what has been accomplished." North American Review, xxiii. 
 1, 1826. 
 
 When we add to the above tribute a consideration of the 
 benefits which have resulted from the Dane Law School 
 and Dane Professorship, which has been dignified by the 
 learning of a Story, a Greenleaf, and a Parsons we feel 
 authorized in claiming for Nathan Dane a prominent place 
 in the first rank of American philanthropists. It were 
 easy to add to the catalogue of Mr. Dane's claims to the 
 respectful remembrance of his countrymen. 
 
 Danes, John. ALighttoLilie; or the Latin Tongue, 
 Lon.,1631,8vo. Paralfrpomena, Orthographise,<fcc.,1638,4to. 
 Danett, Thos. Historie of France, from the death 
 of Charles 8th till the death of Henry 2d, 1600, 4to. The 
 Description of the Low Countreys; an Epitome out of 
 Guicchardini, 1593, 8vo. 
 
 Danforth, John, 1660-1730, a minister of Dorchester, 
 Mass. Serms., 1697, 1710, '16, &c. Poems, 1727, &c. 
 
 Danforth, Samuel, 1626-1674, a minister of Rox- 
 bury, Mass., father of the preceding, was a native of Eng 
 land. Astronom. descrip. of the late Comet, Canib., New 
 Eng., 1665, '66, 8vo. Serms., 1670, <fec. 
 
 Danforth, Samuel, 1666-1727, a minister of Taun- 
 ton, Mass., son of the preceding. Eulogy, 1713. Serm., 
 1714. He left in MS. an Indian Dictionary, a part of which 
 is now in the library of the Mass. Historical Society. 
 Danforth, Thos. Theory of Chimnies, 1796, 8vo. 
 Dangerfield, J. Short-hand, Chelsea, 1814, 8vo. 
 Dangerfield, Thos. Theolog. treatises, <fcc., 1679-85. 
 Daniel, George. The Times; or the Prophecy, Lon., 
 1812, 8vo; 2d edit., 1813. Miscellaneous Poems, 1812, 8vo. 
 Daniel, George. Modern Dunciad, Virgil in Lon 
 don, and other Poems, Lon., 1835, p. 8vo. 
 
 " This modern Pope, whoever he be, has produced a Dunciad, 
 which the stinging bard of Twickenham would not be ashamed 
 to own. The bard spares neither poet nor courtier; and in the 
 office of a satirist, he speaks with the boldness of Juvenal." Lon. 
 Monthly Review. 
 
 The Missionary, a Poem, 1847, sm. 4to. Merrie England 
 in the Olden Time, 1842, 2 vols. p. 8vo. This is an in 
 structive and amusing volume. The good-humoured anti 
 quary is no ignoble philanthropist. Democritus in London, 
 <fcc., 1852, p. 8vo. 
 
 Daniel, Godfrey. The Christian Doctrine, in six 
 principles, Dubl., 1652, 8vo. In English and Irish. 
 
 Daniel, John. Comfort against all kinde of Calami- 
 tie, Lon., 1576, 8vo. This is a trans, from the Spanish of 
 Perez. 
 
 Daniel, John. The Jewish Unction, Lon., 1651, 12mo. 
 Daniel, John. Life and Adventures of, Lon., 1751, 
 12mo. Written in imitation of Peter Wilkins. 
 Daniel, Rev. John. Ecclesiastical History of the 
 
 Britons and Saxons, 1815, 8vo. 
 
 473 
 
DAN 
 
 Daniel, Mrs. Mackenzie. The Poor Cousin, 1846, 
 3 vols. p. 8vo. My Sister Minnie, Lon., 1848, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 Georgina Hammond, 1849, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Other works. 
 
 " Amongst our novelists we have no more pure, agreeable, and 
 genial writer than Mrs. Mackenzie Daniel. Georgina Hammond 
 is certain to become one of the standard novels in the language, 
 and to be read over and over again, portraying, with a graphic 
 pencil, the manners, thoughts, customs, and feelings prevailing at 
 this moment among large classes of the English people." Lon. 
 Morning Herald. 
 
 Daniel, Richard. A Copy Book, Lon., 1664, fol. 
 
 Daniel, Richard. A Poem, Lon., 1714, fol. 
 
 Daniel, Richard, Dean of Armagh. A Paraphrase 
 on some Select Psalms, Lon.,1722, 8vo. 
 
 Daniel, Samuel, 1562-1619, a poet and historian, 
 was a native of Taunton, Somersetshire. He was educated 
 at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, and was subsequently tutor to 
 the celebrated Anne Clifford, daughter of George, Earl of 
 Cumberland, and afterwards Countess of Pembroke. Of 
 his personal history but few records have descended to 
 posterity, and later researches have rendered even these 
 questionable. That he was a great favourite with his con 
 temporaries, we have ample evidence. For some years he 
 resided in a small house in the parish of St. Luke's, Lon 
 don, associated with Shakspeare, Marlowe, Chapman, and 
 others, and towards the close of his life retired to a farm 
 at Beckington near Philips-Norton, in Somersetshire. Dis 
 course of Rare Inventions ; a trans, from Paulus, Jovius, 
 Lon., 1585, 8vo. Delia ; contayning certayne sonnets, 1592, 
 4to. Delia and Rosamond augmented, 1594, 4to. The 
 Tragedie of Cleopatra, 1594, 4to. Historic of the Ciuile 
 Warres betweene the Houses of York and Lancaster, 1595, 
 4to; in verse. Octavia to Antoninus, 1599, 8vo. Mvso- 
 philvs, 1599, 4to. Epistles, 1601, 4to. Poems, 1602, fol. 
 Certaine small poems, with the tragedy of Philotus, 1605, 
 8vo. Defence of Ryme against Thomas Campion, 1603, 
 8vo. A Panegyrike, 1628, 4to. Twelve Goddesses, 1604, 
 8vo. The Qveenes Arcadia; a Pastorall Trage-Comedie, 
 1605, 4to. Tethy's Festival, 1610, 4to. The History of 
 England ; Part 1, reaching to the end of K. Stephen's reign ; 
 in prose, 1613, 4to. Part 2, reaching to the end of the 
 reign of K. Edw. III., 1618, '21, '23, '34, foL Continued 
 to the end of K. Rich. III., by John Russell ; to which is 
 added Lord Bacon's Life of Henry VII., Lon., 1621, '50. 
 To which is added Hist, of Eng. to the end of Henry VI. 
 See Kennett's Hist. Certaine small Workes heretofore di 
 vulged, 1611, 12mo. Poem on the Death of the Earl of 
 Devon. 1623, 4to. Plays and Poems, 1623, 4to. Hymen's 
 Triumph, 1623, 4to. Collections of the Hist, of Eng. to 
 the end of Henry III., 1626, fol. Whole Workes, in Poetry, 
 1601, fol., 1 623, 4to. Pub. by the Author's brother. Bibl. 
 Anglo-Poet, 4 14s. 6d. Works, 1631, fol. Poetical Works, 
 with Mem. of his Life and Writings, 1718, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 "The works of Samuel Daniel containe somewhat a flat, yet 
 withal a very pure and copious, English, and words as warrantable 
 as any man's, and fitter perhaps for prose than measure." BOLTON. 
 
 " For sweetness and rhyming, second to none." DRUMMOND. 
 
 Gabriel Harvey, in his Foure Letters and Certaine Son 
 nets, praises our author for his efforts to enrich and polish 
 his native tongue. 
 
 " One whose memory will ever be fresh in the minds of those who 
 favour history or poetry. . . . But however his Genius was quali 
 fied for Poetry, I take his History of England to be the Crown of 
 all his Works." Langbaine's Dramatick Poets, 1691. 
 
 " His father was a master of musick; and his harmonious mind 
 made an impression on his son's genius, who proved an exquisite 
 poet. He carried in his Christian and surname, two holy prophets, 
 his monitors so to qualify his raptures, that he abhorred all pro- 
 phaneness. He was also a judicious historian, witness his lives of 
 our English Kings since the conquest until Edward III., wherein 
 he hath the happiness to reconcile brevity with clearness, qualities 
 of great distance in other authors. ... In his old age he turned 
 husbandman, and rented a farm in Wiltshire, nigh the Devizes. 
 I can give no account how he thrived thereupon. For though he 
 was well versed in Virgil, his fellow-husbandman-poet, yet there 
 is more required to make a rich farmer, than only to say his Georgics 
 by heart; and I question whether his Italian Will fit our English 
 husbandry. Besides, I suspect that Mr. Daniel's fancy was too fine 
 and sublimated to be wrought down to his private profit." Fuller's 
 
 Though very rarely sublime, he has skill in the pathetic ; and 
 bis pages are disgraced with neither pedantry nor conceit. We find, 
 both m his poetry and prose, such a legitimate and rational flow 
 of language as approaches nearer the style of the 18th than the 
 16th century, and of which we may safely assert, that it never will 
 become obsolete. . . . In bis Complaint of Cleopatra he has caught 
 Ovid's manner very happily." HE ADLET. 
 
 "The character of Daniel's genius seems to be propriety, rather 
 than elevation. His language is generally pure and harmonious; 
 and his reflections are just. But his thoughts are too abstract, 
 and appeal rather to the understanding than to the imagination 
 or the heart; and he wanted the fire necessary to the loftier flights 
 of poetry." SIR EGERTON BRYDGES. 
 
 " If we revert to the sonnets of Daniel which were published in 
 
 1592, we shall there find, as Mr. Malone had previously remarked, 
 
 474 
 
 DAN 
 
 the prototype of Shakspeare's amatory verse. . . . There is reason 
 to suppose that none of Shakspeare's sonnets were written before 
 the appearance of Daniel's Delia. . . . There is also in Daniel much 
 of that tissue of abstract thought, and that reiteration of words, 
 which so remarkably distinguish the sonnets of our bard. 
 
 " Sound morality, prudential wisdom, and occasional touches of 
 the pathetic, delivered in a style of then unequalled chastity and 
 perspicuity, will be recognised throughout his work, [The Civil 
 Wars between the two Houses of Lancaster and York ;] but neither 
 warmth, passion, nor sublimity, nor the most distant trace of en 
 thusiasm, can be found to animate the mass. . . . But these histo 
 rians [Raleigh, Hay ward. Knolles, and Lord Bacon] are excelled, 
 in purity of style and perspicuity of narration, by Daniel, whose 
 History of England, closing with the reign of Edward the Third, 
 is a production which reflects great credit on the age in which it is 
 written." Drake's Shakspeare and his Times. 
 
 Certainly Daniel succeeded better as a prose historian 
 than as a poetical annalist. Drayton speaks of him as 
 
 " too much historian in verse. 
 
 His rimes were smooth, his metres well did close; 
 But yet his manner better fitted prose." 
 
 " It is the chief praise of Daniel, and must have contributed to 
 what popularity he enjoyed in his own age, that his English is 
 eminently pure, free from affectation and archaism, and from pe 
 dantic innovation, with very little that is now obsolete." Hair 
 lam's Introduc. to the Lit. of Europe. 
 
 Read a review of Daniel's poems in the Retrospective 
 Review, viii. 227, Lon., 1823. 
 
 Daniel, Samuel. Archiepiscopal Priority instituted 
 by Christ, 1642, 4to. 
 
 Daniel, Samuel, M.D. Dissertatio de Ictero, 1776,8vo. 
 
 Daniel, T. British Customs of the Excise, Lon., 
 1752, fol. 
 
 Daniel, Win. Journal of his Expedition from Lon 
 don to Surat in India, Lon., 1702, 8vo. 
 
 Daniel, Win. Treatise on Perspective, 1807, 12mo. 
 
 " Well calculated to answer the end for which it was designed." 
 Brit. Critic. 
 
 Daniel, Rev. Wm. B. Rural Sports or Treatises 
 on Hunting, Hawking, Shooting, Angling, Fowling, <fec., 
 Lon., 1801, '02, 2 vols. 4to. Other edits., 1801, 5 vols. 8vo; 
 1805, 3 vols. imp. 4to; 1812, 3 vols. r. 8vo, and large paper 
 in 4to; Supplement, 1813, r. 8vo, 4to, and imp. 4to. En 
 gravings, principally by Scott. The value of this splendid 
 publication is well known. 
 
 Daniell, E.R. 1. Practical Observations on the New 
 Orders for the reg. of the Prac. and Proceed, of the Ct. of 
 Chancery, Lon., 1841, 8vo. 2. Considerations on Reform 
 in Chancery, Lon., 1842, 8vo. 3. Reports of Ca?es argued 
 and determined on the Equity side of the Ct. of Exchequer, 
 1817-20 inclusive, Lon., 1824, 8vo. 4. Practice of the 
 High Ct. of Chancery ; 2d ed. by T. E. Headlam, Lon., 
 1845, 2 vols. 8vo; 1st Amer. edit, by J. C. Perkins, Boston, 
 1845, 3 vols. 8vo ; and 2d Amer. edit. Supplement to Da- 
 niell's Chancery Practice, by T. E. Headlam,Lon.,1851,8vo. 
 
 " The universal opinion of the Profession has stamped upon Mr. 
 Daniell's bookahigh characterforusefulnessandgeneral accuracy. 
 It has become, in feet, the manual of the Chancery Practitioner." 
 Lon. Law Mag. 
 
 " We have no hesitation in declaring that this is the most able 
 work which has ever been written on the Practice of the Court of 
 Chancery." Lon. Jurist. 
 
 " Undoubtedly a very valuable book." HON. ROGER B. TANEY, 
 Chief Justice of the United States. 
 
 " I regard the work as alike desirable to the student, the Prac 
 titioner, and the Judge, and should consider no Equity Library 
 complete without it." HON. EDWARD KiNG,late Pres. Judge Phila. 
 Ct. of Common Pleas. 
 
 "Daniell's Chancery Practice is, perhaps, the most elaborate, 
 complete, and satisfactory treatise on the subject that has appeared." 
 HON. JOHN B. GIBSON, late Associate Justice of the Supreme Court 
 of Penna. 
 
 Daniell, John Frederick, D.C.L., 1790-1845, b.in 
 London. He was a pupil of Prof. Brande, and in 1816, in 
 connexion with him, he commenced the Quarterly Journal 
 of Science and Art, the first twenty vols. of which were pub. 
 under their joint superintendence. In 1823 appeared the 
 1st ed. of his great work, entitled Meteorological Essays; 
 2d ed., 1827 ; 3d ed., 1845, 2 vols. 8vo. He was engaged 
 in revising the proofs of the 3d ed. at the time of his death. 
 
 " This was the first synthetic attempt to explain the general 
 principles of meteorology by the known laws which regulate the 
 temperature and constitution of gases and vapours, and in which 
 the scattered observations and isolated phenomena presented by 
 the earth's atmosphere were considered in their most extensive 
 and general bearings." Knight's Eng. Cyc. 
 
 Introduction to Chemical Philosophy, 1839, 8vo; 2d ed., 
 1843, 8vo. 
 
 Mr. Daniell takes rank as one of the most distinguished 
 scientific men of the nineteenth century. He is the only 
 individual on whom all the three medals in the gift of the 
 Royal Society were bestowed. For a very carefully-pre 
 pared biographical sketch of Mr. D., and a list of his 
 valuable contributions to various scientific journals, see 
 Knight's Eng. Cyc., Div. Biog., vol. ii. 
 
BAN 
 
 Daniell, Saml. African Scenery and Animals, Lon., 
 1808 fol Do. Ac. of Ceylon, 1808, fol. Do. Ac. of Southern 
 Africa; 'engraved by Win. Daniell, 1820, r. 4to. Views 
 near the Cape of Good Hope, No. 1, 1804. 
 
 Daniell, Thomas, 1750-1840, uncle of the follow- 
 in^ a distinguished painter of Oriental scenery, animals, 
 Ac / See Bohn's Cat, Lon., 1841, and the following article. 
 
 Daniell, William Daniell, R.A., 1769-1837, 
 painter and engraver. At the age of fourteen he accom 
 panied his uncle, Thomas Daniell, to India. They spent 
 ten years in sketching the magnificent scenery from Cape 
 Comorin to the Himalaya Mountains. Many of their 
 drawings were afterwards engraved and pub., the original 
 ed of which Oriental Scenery and Antiquities, elephant 
 folio size, 6 vols. (150 views) was completed in 1808, and 
 pub at Two Hundred and Ten Pounds, (210.) The 6th 
 vol was executed by Thomas Daniell. The coppers were 
 destroyed/ He also engraved and pub. Picturesque Voyage 
 to India- Zoography, in conjunction with Mr. W. Wood; 
 Animated Nature, 2 vols. ; The Docks, a Series of Illustra 
 tions ; The Hunchback, after R. Smirke, R.A. From 1814 
 to '25 he was chiefly engaged in a work of extraordinary 
 labour, entitled a Voyage Round Great Britain. He was 
 the chief contributor to the Oriental Annual. See H. G. 
 Bohn's Guinea Cat., Lon., 1841. 
 
 Danis, H. H. Exercises on the Anabasis of Xeno- 
 phon, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 Dannett, Rev. H. Slave-Trade, Lon., 1788, 8vo. 
 
 Danniston, Gual. Psalmi Davidici, 8vo. 
 
 Daiinye, Robert, D.D. Serm., York, 1718, 4to. 
 
 Daiisey, Rev. J. C. Hist, of the English Crusaders, 
 
 Lon., 1850, imp. 4to. Of this 
 
 beautiful work only 40 copies 
 
 were printed for sale, at 3 13s. Qd. It is executed entirely 
 on stone, in the black letter, with 31 plates, Ac. 
 
 Dansey, Rev. Win. Arrian on Coursing: The Cyne- 
 geticus of the Younger Xenophon, Ac., and an Appendix 
 rel. to the Canes Venatici of Classical Antiquity, 1831, 
 imp. Svo. 
 
 " A most complete and almost inexhaustible fund of amusing, 
 interesting, practical, and instructive information on the subject." 
 Thacker on Coursing. 
 
 Horse Decanicse Rurales, or a Hist, of Rural Deans, 
 1835, 2 vols. sm. 4to; 1844. 
 
 "Abounding in solid ecclesiastical and antiquarian views." 
 ARCHDEACON GODDARD. 
 
 Dansie,John. Mathemat. Manual, Lon., 1627, 12rno. 
 Danson, F. M., and Lloyd, J. H. Reports of Cases 
 rel. to Commerce, Manufac., Ac. in Cts. C. L.,Lon.,1830,8vo. 
 Danson, J. F., and G. D. Dempsey. The Inven 
 tor's Manual; a Treatise of the Law of Patents, Lon., 
 1843, Svo. 
 
 "This is a useful manual." Legal Observer. 
 See CURTIS, GEORGE TICKNOR. 
 
 Danson, Thos. Works agst. Quakers, Ac., Lon., 
 1659-94. 
 
 Danverd, John. The Royal Oake, ; - the Travels, 
 Escapes, Ac. of Charles II., Lon., 1660, 4to. 
 
 D'Anvers, Alicia. Academia; or the Humours of 
 the University of Oxford, in burlesque verse, Lon., 1691,4to. 
 Danvers, Arthur. Serm. on Popery, 1736, 4to. 
 D'Anvers, Caleb, of Gray's Inn. The Craftsman; 
 being a Criticism on the Hist, of the Times, Lon., 1727, 
 14 vols. 12mo. See BOLINGBROKE, LORD. Remarks on 
 the History of England, Lon., 1743, Svo. 
 
 D'Anvers, Henry. Works on Baptism, Ac., Lon., 
 1674, '75, 8vo. 
 
 Danvers, Henry. Liberty of Conscience, 1649. 
 Danvers, Joseph. Tipping tipt Justice, Lon., Svo. 
 D'Anvers, Knightly. A Genl. Abridgt. of the Com 
 mon Law, alphabetically digested under proper titles, Lon., 
 1705-13, 2 vols. fol. ; 2d edit., 1725, '32, '37, 3 vols. fol. 
 
 This is, so far as it goes, a trans, of Rolle's Abridgt. It 
 is only completed to the title Extinguishment, 
 to vol. xviii., Viner's Abridgt. 
 
 Danyel, John. Songs for the Lute, Viol, and Voyce, 
 1606. 
 
 Darbey. Vapour Bath. Med. Com., ix. 305, 1785. 
 Darby, John. Manual of Botany, Macon, 1841, 12mo. 
 Botany of the Southern States; in two parts, New York, 
 1855, 12mo. 
 
 Darby, Samuel. Serms., 1784, '86. 
 Darby, Wm., d. 1827. Descrip. of Louisiana, 1816, 
 Svo. Emigrant's Guide, 1818, Svo. Tour from New York 
 to Detroit, 1819. Memoir on the Geog. and Hist, of Flo 
 rida, 1821. New edit, of Brookes's Universal Gazetteer, 
 1823. Maps and Plans. 
 
 D'Arblay, Madame Frances, 1752-1840, was the 
 second daughter of CHARLES BURNEY, (q. v.) Musical Doc- 
 
 DAR 
 
 tor, and was a native of Lynn Regis, Norfolk, England. 
 Much of what might otherwise have been said here relative 
 to the brilliant and intellectual circle in which Fanny Bur- 
 ney moved from her childhood has been anticipated in our 
 article upon Dr. Burney. We may add that the circum 
 stances attendant upon the composition and anonymous 
 publication of Evelina are too well known to claim repeti 
 tion. The oft-told story was never so well told as by the 
 authoress herself, in her avowal to George III. Some doubt 
 has been expressed relative to the early date at which it is 
 asserted Evelina was composed. It certainly was not given 
 to the world until 1778, when Fanny was about twenty-six. 
 Had the work, or the greater portion of it, been lying in 
 MS. for nine years ? Evelina was sold for 20 ; but this 
 was a small part only of the young lady's reward. 
 
 " Evelina seems a work that should result from long experience, 
 and deep and intimate knowledge of the world : yet it has been 
 written without either. Miss Burney is a real wonder. What she 
 is, she is intuitively. Dr. Burney told me she had the fewest ad 
 vantages of any of his daughters, from some peculiar circumstances. 
 And such has been her timidity, that he himself had not any sus 
 picion of her powers. . . . Modesty with her is neither pretence 
 nor decorum ; it is an ingredient of her nature ; for she who could 
 part with such a work for twenty pounds, could know so little of 
 its worth or of her own, as to leave no possible doubt of her hu 
 mility." DR. JOHXSQN. 
 
 The testimony of a still more distinguished person shall 
 be adduced in favour of the merits of Cecilia, pub. four 
 years later : 
 
 " There are few I believe I may say fairly there are none at all 
 that will not find themselves better informed concerning human 
 nature, and their stock of observation enriched, by reading your 
 Cecilia. ... 1 might trespass upon your delicacy if I should fill my 
 letter to you with what 1 fill my conversation to others; I should 
 be troublesome to you alone if I should tell you all I feel and think 
 on the natural vein of humour, the tender pathetic, the compre- 
 
 hensive and noble moral, and the sagacious observation, that ap 
 pear quite throughout this extraordinary performance. ... In an 
 age distinguished by producing extraordinary women, I hardly 
 dare to tell where my opinion would place you amongst them." 
 EDMUND BURKE: Letter to Miss Burney, Whitehall, July 29, 1782. 
 
 In 1786 occurred the most unfortunate event of Miss 
 Burney's Life her appointment to the post of Second 
 Keeper of the Robes to Queen Charlotte. From this in 
 tolerable slavery for slavery it was, notwithstanding the 
 kind treatment of her royal patrons she was relieved in 
 1791, and in 1793 she married a French refugee officer, the 
 Count D'Arblay. In 1802 she accompanied her husband to 
 Paris, and was obliged to remain in France the Count hav 
 ing entered the army of Napoleon until 1812. He died 
 in that year, and their son, the Rev. A. D'Arblay of Cam- 
 den Town chapel, near London, followed his father to the 
 grave in 1832. Madame D'Arblay attained the great age 
 of eighty-eight, dying at Bath in 1840. Her other produc 
 tions, which by no means fulfilled "the promise of her 
 spring," were Edwin and Elgitha, a Tragedy, 1795; Ca 
 milla, which was pub. by subscription in 1796, and paid 
 her three thousand guineas-; and The Wanderer, a Tale in 
 5 vols., 1814, for which she received 1500. She also pub. 
 Brief Reflections relative to the French Emigrant Clergy, 
 1793, 8vo; and a Memoir of her father, Dr. Burney, in 
 1832, 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 The Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay were given 
 to the world in 7 vols. p. Svo, 1842-46. The unreserved 
 and comprehensive character of the lady's journal may be 
 inferred from her prologue : 
 
 " To have some account of my thoughts, actions, and acquaint 
 ance, when the hour arrives when time is more nimble than me 
 mory, is the reason which induces me to keep a journal; a journal 
 in which I shall confess every thought shall open my whole heart." 
 
 Notwithstanding their egotism and prolixity, certainly 
 these volumes are among the most delightful in the lan 
 guage! To the mere novel-reader they are charming; to 
 the student of literary history and English manners, in 
 valuable. We must refer the reader to a review of this 
 work by T. B. Macaulay, (Edin. Rev., Jan. 1843,) and to 
 See Pref! | notices of Madame D'Arblay's writings in the London 
 Quarterly Review, xi. 123, Ixx. 134, and in Blackwood's 
 Magazine, 1. 784 : 
 
 " Miss Burney did for the English novel what Jeremy Collier did 
 for the English drama. She first showed that a tale might be 
 written in which both the feshionable and the vulgar life of London 
 might be exhibited with great force, and with broad comic humour, 
 and which yet should not contain a single line inconsistent with 
 rigid morality, or even with virgin delicacy. She took away the 
 reproach which lay on a most useful and delightful species of com 
 position. She vindicated the right of her sex to an equal share in 
 a fair and noble promise of letters. . . . Burke had sat up all night 
 to read her writings, and Johnson had pronounced her superior to 
 Fielding, when Rogers was still a schoolboy and Southey still In 
 petticoats. . . . We soon discovered to our great delight that this 
 Diary was kept before Madame D'Arblay became eloquent. It is, 
 for the most part, written in her earliest and best manner; in true 
 
 Edin. Review, Jan. 1843. 
 
 
DAR 
 
 BAR 
 
 "The Diary is a work unequalled in literary and social value 
 by any thing else of a similar kind in the language." Lon. Naval 
 and Military Gazette. 
 
 " This work presents an unrivalled combination of attractions. 
 That, extraordinary man, Johnson, is painted far better than he is 
 by Boswell/' Court Journal. 
 
 The reviewer in the London Quarterly quite forgets his 
 gallantry in his disgust at Miss Fanny's egotism: 
 
 "The interest is indeed much less than we anticipated, but in 
 all the rest the diffusiveness the pomposity the prolixity the 
 false colouring the factitious details and. above all, the personal 
 affectation and vanity of the author, this book exceeds our worst 
 apprehensions. ... We have indeed brought before us not merely 
 the minor notabilities of the day, but a great many persons whose 
 station and talents assure them an historic celebrity. . . . but 
 when we come a little closer, and see and hear what all these emi 
 nent and illustrious personages are saying and doing, we are not a 
 little surprised and vexed to find them a wearisome congregation 
 of monotonous and featureless prosers, brought together for one 
 single object, in which they, one and all, seem occupied, as if it 
 were the main business of human life namely, the glorification 
 of Miss Fanny Burnty her talents her taste her sagacity her 
 wit her manners her temper her delicacy even, her beauty 
 and, above all, her modesty /"Vol. Ixx. 244. 
 
 Allan Cunningham's summary of the merits and de 
 merits of the author of Evelina is drawn up with his usual 
 taste and judgment. We must content ourselves with a 
 brief extract: 
 
 " Her works are deficient in original vigour of conception, and 
 her characters in depth and nature. She has considered so anx 
 iously the figured silks and tamboured muslius which flutter about 
 society, that she has made the throbbings of the hearts which they 
 cover a secondary consideration. . . . Fashion passes away, and 
 the manners of the great are unstable, but natural emotion be 
 longs to immortality." Biog. and Crit. Hist. oftfie Lit. of the last 
 Fifty Tears. 
 
 Darch, John. Sermon, 1766, 4to. 
 
 Darcie, or Darcy, Abraham. Original of Idola 
 tries ; a trans., 1624, 4to. Darcy " fathered this book upon 
 Isaac Casaubon, and was imprisoned in consequence." See 
 Fuller's Church History. Annales : The True and Royall 
 Hist, of Elizabeth, Queene of England, France, and Ireland, 
 1625, 4to. 
 
 " A translation of Caniden, from the French, by Abraham Darcy, 
 who, according to Dr. Fuller, understood not the Latin, and has 
 therefore committed many mistakes." BP. KICOLSON. 
 
 Other works. 
 
 D'Arcy,Patrick,Count, 1725-1779, a native of Gal 
 loway, Ireland, served in the French army. 1. Essai sur 
 1'Artillerie, 1760-62. 2. Memoire sur la Duree des Sensa 
 tions de la Vue, 1765. 3. Sur la Theorie de la Lune, 1749. 
 
 4. Sur la Theorie et Pratique de l'Artillerie, 1766. 5. Nou- 
 velle The"orie d'Artillerie, 1766. 6. Recueil de Pieces sur 
 un Nouveau Fusil, 1767. He made experiments in elec 
 tricity and mechanics. 
 
 "Condorcet fit son eloge a 1'academie des sciences. Plusieurs 
 de ses ecrits sont inseres dans les Memoires de 1'academie des in 
 scriptions." Biographic UniverseUe. 
 
 Dare, Wm. Serm. before the Freemasons, 1747, 8vo. 
 
 Darell, Lt. Col. Sketches of China, India, and the 
 Cape, 1853, fol. 
 
 Darell, or Darrell, John. Treatises on possession 
 by devils, 1600, '02, '41. A Detection of that Discours of 
 
 5. Harsnet, entitled a Discoverie of the fraudulent prac 
 tices of John Darrell, 1609, 4to. 
 
 " In this treatise ' full of sound and fury,' Darrell has contrived 
 to render it somewhat doubtful whether he was a dupe or an im 
 postor." GIFFOKD; and see Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Darell, John, was employed from 1615 to 1665 in the 
 affairs of the East Indies. East India Trade first disco 
 vered by the English, Lon., 1651, 4to. Strange News from 
 Indies, 1652, 4to. The Second part of Amboyna, 1665, 4to. 
 
 Darell,Rev.Wm. Hist, of Dover Castle,Lon.,1786,4to. 
 
 Darker, John. A Breviary of Military Discipline, 
 Lon., 1692, 8vo. 
 
 Darley, George, combines two characters which are 
 not thought to be peculiarly compatible mathematician 
 and poet. Poems. Sylvia, or the May Queen, Lon., 1827, 
 12mo. Familiar Astronomy, 1830, 12mo. Popular Alge 
 bra, 3d edit, 1836, 12mo. Geometrical Companion, 2d edit., 
 1841, 12mo. Ethelstan, a Dramatic Chronicle, 1841, 8vo. 
 Geometry, 5th edit, 1844, 12mo. Errors of Extasie and 
 other Poems, 8vo. Trigonometry, 3d edit, 1849, 12mo. 
 
 " No prose or poetry can be further from the sonorous school of 
 Addison, and nowhere can we find rhythmical cadences of greater 
 beauty than in some occasional passages of Darley." .4 critic in 
 Arcturus : see Griswold's Poets and Poetry of England. 
 
 "George Darley is a true poet and excellent mathematician 
 there is much compact and graceful poetry in his May Queen ; and 
 in The Olympian llevels a dramatic freedom and fervour too sel 
 dom seen in song." Cunningfuim's Biog. and Crit. Hist, of Lit for 
 the last Fifty Years, 1833. 
 
 Darley, J. R. Treatise on the Dramatic Literature 
 of the Greeks, Lon., 1840, 8vo. Homer, with Questions, 
 1848, 12rno. 
 476 
 
 Darley, John. Chelsea College, Lon., 1662, 4to. 
 Darley, W. F. Public G. Statutes rel. to Ireland, 
 Dubl., 1841, 5 vols. 8vo. General Orders Ct Court of 
 Chancery in Ireland, &c., 1843, 12mo. 
 
 Darling, J. J. Powers and Duties of Law Officers, 
 Lon., 8vo. Practice of the Court of Session, Scotland, 2 
 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Darling, James. Cyclopaedia Bibliographica; A 
 Library Manual of Theolog. and General Literature, and 
 Guide for Authors, Preachers, Students, and Literary Men. 
 Analytical, Bibliographical, and Biographical. Vol. i.. 
 composed of 21 Nos., 1852-54. Vol. ii., Parts 1 to 5, 
 1857. We heartily recommend this truly-valuable work 
 to which our pages have been frequently indebted to 
 every one who possesses knowledge, and every one who 
 seeks it. Vol. i. contains Authors and their works, alpha 
 betically arranged. In many cases the volumes are care 
 fully dissected, so that the reader can see at a glance the 
 topics discussed, and turn at once to the portion which 
 contains the matter sought for. In the second volume the 
 "whole of the matter contained in the first is arranged 
 under heads or common places in scientific order, with an 
 Alphabetical Index, by which any subject can be readily 
 referred to; and all authors of any authority who have 
 ritten on it are at once exhibited, with the titles of their 
 Works, Treatises, Dissertations, or Sermons, and a refer 
 ence to the volumes and pages where they are to be found." 
 " Mr. Darling has been an eminent theological bookseller in Lon 
 don for at least forty years. He has brought all his bibliographical 
 knowledge to bear upon this most valuable and accurate work. 
 All the leading English journals, both ecclesiastical and secular, 
 episcopal and non-episcopal, unite in commending its plan and exe 
 cution." T. H. HORNE, D.D., Assist. Lib. Brit. Mus., in a Utter to 
 the author of this Dictionary, Aug. 31, 1858. 
 Darling, John. Carpenter's Rule, Lon., 1658, 8vo. 
 Darling, P. M. Romance of the Highlands, 1810. 
 Darlington, William, M.D., LL.D., b. 1782, in Bir 
 mingham township, Chester co., Penn., was brought up to 
 Agriculture till 18 years of age. In 1800 he commenced 
 the study of Medicine under Dr. John Vaughan of Wil 
 mington, Del., and in 1804 he graduated M. D. in the Uni 
 versity of Penn. In 1806, '07 he made a voyage to India 
 as ship's surgeon. During the last 40 years he has filled 
 several important positions of trust under the General Go 
 vernment, as well as that of his native State. The degree 
 of LL.D. was conferred by Yale College. Dr. Darlington 
 has spent a long life in the pursuit of Botany, his favourite 
 science, in which he has obtained an enviable reputation. 
 The following are his principal works: 1. Mutual Influence 
 of Habits and Disease, Svo, 1804-06. 2. Flora Cestrica, 
 1st ed., 1826; 2d, 1837; 3d, 1853. This work has been 
 favourably noticed by the greatest botanists of Europe. 
 3. Edited Reliquiae Baldwiniae, 1843, 8vo. 4. Agricultural 
 Botany, 1847. 5. Edited Memorials of John Bartram and 
 Humphrey Marshall, Phil., 1849, r. Svo. These works have 
 all been favourably reviewed in Silliman's Journal, q v. 
 Darnell, W. N. Sermons, Lon., 1816, 8vo. 
 Darracott, R. W. Sermons, 1756, 12mo. 
 Dart. Complaint of the Black Knight; from Chaucer, 
 1718, Svo. 
 
 Dart, J. H. Suggestions for a General Registry, Lon., 
 1844, Svo. Compendium of the Law and Practice of Ven 
 dors and Purchasers of Real Estate, 2d edit, Lon., 1852, 
 8vo. Amer. edit, with copious Notes and References. 
 Also a Preparatory View of the Existing Law of Real Pro 
 perty in England and the United States, by Thos. W. Wa 
 terman, New York, 1851, Svo. 
 
 " I have examined with attention Dart's Vendors and Purchasers 
 of Real Estate, edited by Mr. Waterman. It is a most excellent 
 practical work." HON. LEWIS H. SANDFORD, Judge of the Superior 
 Churt, New York. 
 
 Dart, John. Hist and Antiq. of the Cathedral Church 
 of Canterbury, Lon., 1726, fol. Hist and Antiq. of the 
 Abbey Church of St. Peter's, Westm., 1723, 2 vols. fol. 
 Darton,Nich. Christ the True Bishop, Lon., 1641, 4to. 
 D'Arusmont, Madame Frances, better known as 
 Miss Fanny Wright, d. at Cincinnati, 1852, aged 57, 
 made herself famous in America about 1830 by the pro 
 mulgation of some foolish doctrines, which we understand 
 she subsequently repudiated. 1. Altorf ; a Tragedy, Phila., 
 1819, Svo. 2. Views of Society and Manners in America, 
 Ac. in 1818-20, N. York, 1821, Svo ; Lon., 1821, Svo. 3. 
 A Few Days in Athens, Lon., 1822, Svo. 
 
 Darwall, Mrs. E. Poems, 1794; ditto, 1811. 
 Darwall, John. Political Lamentations, 1777, 4to. 
 Darwin, Charles, 1758-1778, a son of Erasmus Dar 
 win, M.D. Experiments establishing a Criterion between 
 Mucilaginous and Purulent Matter, <fcc., Lichfield, 1780, 
 Svo. Pub. by his father. 
 
BAR 
 
 Darwin, Charles. Narrative of the 10 years' Voyage 
 of H. M. Ships Adventure and Beagle, Lon., 1839, 3 vols. 
 Svo. Vol. i. by Capt. King; ii. by Capt. Fitzroy; iii. by 
 Chas. Darwin, giving an account of his discoveries in Nat. 
 Hist., (Journal of Researches; Nat. Hist, and Geology, 
 1839, Svo.) 
 
 " Mr. Darwin's Journal contains many valuable contributions to 
 science. I cannot help considering his voyage round the world as 
 one of the most important events for Geology which has occurred 
 for many years." Mr. Wfteu-eWs Address to the Gfolog. Soc. 
 
 Zoology of the Voy. of H. M. S. Beagle, 1832-36. Edited 
 and superintended by Charles Darwin, 1843, 4to. For di 
 visions see Rich's Bibl. Ainer. Nova, or the London Pub 
 lisher's Cat. Geological Observations, 1842, '44, '46, 3 vols. 
 Svo. Voyage of a Naturalist round the World, 2d edit., 
 1845, p. Svo. 
 
 "The author is a first-rate landscape painter, and the dreariest 
 solitudes are made to teem with interest." ion. Quar. Mev. 
 
 Monograph of the Family Cirripedia, 2 vols. Svo, pub. 
 by the Royal Society, and distributed to the subscribers in 
 the years 1851 and '53. 
 
 " It has been characterised by a competent writer as one of the 
 most remarkable works on zoology produced during the present 
 century." See Knight's Eng. Cyc., and Agassiz's Bibliograpbia 
 Geologise et Zoologias. 
 
 Darwin, Erasmus, M.D., 1731-1802, was a native 
 of Elton, near Newark, Nottinghamshire. He studied both 
 at St. John's College, Cambridge, and at Edinburgh, and 
 having chosen the profession of medicine, practised first 
 at Northampton, and subsequently at Lichfield, where he 
 acquired a profitable practice. Being left a widower, he 
 was married in 1781 to Mrs. Colonel Pole, by whose in 
 fluence he was induced to retire to Derby, where he died 
 suddenly in 1802. Dr. Darwin enjoyed considerable repu 
 tation as a botanist, philosopher, and poet. Botanic Gar 
 den ; a Poem in two parts. Part 1 containing the Economy 
 of Vegetation. Part 2, The Loves of the Plants, with 
 Philosophical Notes, Lon., 1791, 2 vols. 4to. Part 2 had 
 been previously pub. anonymously at Lichfield, 1789, 4to. 
 
 " Pompous rhyme the scenery is its sole recommendation." 
 LORD BYRON. 
 
 But there must have been some merit in poetry which, 
 without the advantage of literary reputation, secured the 
 author so large a host of enthusiastic admirers. Darwin's 
 powers of description and of dramatic effect were undoubt 
 edly great. The absence of judgment and taste is equally 
 clear; hence the decline of his early fame. Zoonomia, or the 
 Laws of Organic Life, Lon., 1794-96, 2 vols. 4to; 3d ed., 
 1801, 4 vols. Svo. This work will remind the reader of the 
 speculations contained in a volume which has lately excited 
 much attention Vestiges of the Natural History of Crea 
 tion. Darwin's fallacies especially his theory which re 
 fers instinct to sensation have been amply exposed by 
 Dr. Thomas Brown, Dugald Stewart, Paley, Good, and 
 others. See Dr. Brown's Observations on the Zoonomia, 
 Edin., 1798, Svo. Plan for the Conduct of Female Educa 
 tion in Boarding Schools, Derby, 1797, 4to. Phylologia, 
 or the Philosophy of Agriculture and Gardening, Lon., 
 1800, '01, 4to. 
 
 " The section on manures, or the food of plants, is the sole part 
 that interests the agriculturist, and it is much too refined for the 
 grossness of the farmer's application of the articles. No new fact 
 was elicited and established, but much light was cast on the pro 
 cesses that had been adopted." DonaJdson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 The Temple of Nature, or the Origin of Society ; a Poem, 
 with Philosophical Notes, Lon., 1803, 4to. Posthumous. 
 Profess, con. to Med. Trans., 1785. Phil. Trans., 1757, 
 '60, '74, '78, '85. Poetical Works, with Philosophical Notes, 
 1807, 3 vols. Svo. See Memoirs of his Life, by Anna 
 Seward, Lon., 1804, Svo ; reviewed in Edin. Rev., iv. 230. 
 
 The reader must peruse this article, and see if he can trace 
 any resemblance between Dr. Darwin's school and the poem 
 of Universal Beauty, pub. Lon., 1735, fol. See a review of 
 The Temple of Nature, <fec. in the same periodical, ii. 491. 
 
 " Only a few years have elapsed since the genius of the author 
 of The Botanic Garden first burst on the public notice in all its 
 splendour. The novelty of his plan an imposing air of boldness 
 and originality in his poetical as well as philosophical speculations 
 and a striking display of command over some of the richest 
 sources of poetical embellishment, were sufficient to secure to him 
 a large share of approbation, even from the most fastidious readers, 
 and much more than sufficient to attract the gaze and the indis- 
 criminating acclamations of a herd of admirers and imitators. 
 Yet, with all these pretensions to permanent fame, we are much 
 deceived if we have not already observed in that of Dr. Darwin 
 the visible symptoms of decay." 1803, (by T. Thomson.) 
 
 Darwin, Robert Waring, M.D., brother to the pre 
 ceding. Principia Botanica, or a Concise and Easy In 
 troduction to the Sexual System of Linnaeus, 3d ed., cor 
 rected and enlarged, Lon., 1810, Svo. Profess, con. to 
 Mem. Med., 1792; Phil. Trans., 1786; on the Ocular Spec 
 tra of Light and Colours. 
 
 DAY 
 
 Dary, Michael. Mathemat. treatises, 1664, '69, '77. 
 
 Dashwood,James. The Case of the Rector of D.,1812. 
 
 Daubeny, Charles, D.D., 1744-1827, was educated 
 at New College, Oxford; Prebendary of Salisbury, 1784; 
 Archdeacon of Sarum, 1S04. A Guide to the Church; 3d 
 ed., Lon., 1830, r. Svo. Appendix to do. ; 3d ed., 1830, r. 
 Svo. Vindicise Ecclesire Anglicanae, 1803, Svo. Remarks 
 on the Unitarian Method of Interpreting the Scriptures, 
 1815, Svo. Discourses, 1802-10, 3 vols. Svo. Charges, 
 Serms., <fec., 1809, '19, <fcc. Dr. Daubeny is said to have 
 been one of the contributors to the Anti-Jacobin Review. 
 
 Daubeny, Charles Giles Bridle, M.D., F.R.S., 
 Prof, of Botany and Chemistry in the University of Ox 
 ford. 1. Essay on the Geology and Chemical Phenomena 
 of Volcanoes, Oxford, 1824, Svo. 2. Description of the 
 Active and Extinct Volcanoes, with Remarks on their 
 Origin, Lon., 1826, Svo ; 2d ed., 1848, Svo. 
 
 " One of the most useful contributions to geological science that 
 has yet appeared." Edinburgh Peview. 
 
 3. Introduc. to the Atomic Theory, 1831, Svo ; with Supp., 
 1840, Svo ; new ed., 1850, Svo. 4. Lects. on Agricult., 1841, 
 Svo. 5. Popular Geog. of Plants, square, 1855. 6. Lects. on 
 Roman Husbandry, Oxf., 1857, Svo. For a biog. sketch 
 of Dr. Daubeny and a list of his valuable contributions to 
 the various scientific journals, see Knight's Eng. Cyc. 
 
 Daubigny. Dissert, in Orat. Dominic., Lon., 1704, Svo. 
 
 Dauborne, Robert. See DABORNE. 
 
 Daubuz, Charles, 1670?-1740? a French Protestant 
 divine, came to England on the revocation of the Edict of 
 Nantz, and became Vicar of Brotherton. Pro Testimonio 
 Flavii Josephi, de Jesu Christo, Lon., 1706, Svo. The Re 
 velations literally trans, from the Greek, Lon., 1712, '20, 
 fol. Pub. in 1730, 4to, by Peter Lancaster, under the title 
 of A Perpetual Key on the Revelation of St. John. This 
 is the best edition. A portion of the work A Dictionary 
 of Prophetic Symbols was reprinted in 1842, Lon., 8vo, 
 with a Memoir and Preface by Habershon. 
 
 "For understanding the prophecies, we are, in the first place, to 
 acquaint ourselves with the figurative language of the prophets." 
 SIR ISAAC NEWTON. 
 
 " There is no commentator who can be compared with Daubuz 
 for the accuracy, the care, and the consistency with which he has 
 explained the prophetic symbols." Illustrations of Prophecy. 
 
 "An elaborate and very useful work, of which later authors 
 have not failed to avail themselves." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Dauby and Leng. Arithmetician, 1814, 12mo. 
 
 Daucet, N. B. Fundamental Principles of the Laws 
 of Canada, Montreal, 1841, Svo. 
 
 Daulby, Daniel. A Descriptive Catalogue of the 
 Works of Rembrandt and of his Scholars, Bol, Livens, and 
 Van Vliet, Liverp., 1796, Svo. A work of authority. The 
 preface was written by Mr. Roscoe. 
 
 Daunce, Edward. A Briefe Discourse of the Spanish 
 State, with a Dialogue annexed, intituled Philobasilis, Lon., 
 1590, 4to. 
 
 Dauncey, John. Chronicle of Portugal, Lon., 
 1661, Svo. 
 
 D'Auvergne, Edward. See ATJVERGNE, D'. 
 
 Dauney, Wm. Ancient Scottish Melodies from a MS. 
 of the reign of K. James VI., Lon., 1838, r. 4to. 
 
 " We can now refer to an authentic National Collection of a com 
 parative early date, in which a number of our Scottish Melodies 
 are to be found, and among these some of those which have been 
 most deservedly admired, and are here presented, as we conceive, 
 in even a more engaging form than that under which they are 
 popularly known." Blackwood's Magazine. 
 
 Davall, Peter, d. 1768. Trans, of the Memoirs of 
 Cardinal de Retz, Lon., 1774, 4 vols. 12mo. Vindication 
 of the New Calendar Tables and Rules, 1761, 4to. Con. 
 to Phil. Trans., 1728, '49, '62. 
 
 Davan,Kingsmill. Essay oh the Passions,Lon.,1799. 
 
 Davelcourt, D., a native of Scotland. L'Artillier, 
 Paris, 1606, Svo. 
 
 Davenant, Charles, LL.D., 1656-1714, eldest son 
 of Sir William Davenant, was a Member of Parliament, 
 Inspector of Plays, a dramatic author, and a famous writer 
 upon political economy, politics, and trade. His Tragedy 
 of Circe, in which he himself performed, was written at the 
 age of 19 ; pub. 1677, 4to; also in 1685 and 1703. A col 
 lection of his works upon the subjects named above was 
 made and revised by Sir Charles Whitworth, Lon., 1771, 
 5 vols. 8vo. They excited much animosity at the time, 
 but soon gained the ear of the public. See Censura Lite- 
 raria. When Lord Oxford suspected Swift of having writ 
 ten any anonymous piece, he used to remark to him : 
 
 " This is very much in the style of Dr. Davenant." 
 
 Respecting the merits of Davenant's writings, a wide 
 difference of opinion has been expressed : 
 
 "Davenant is certainly a most valuable political author, and 
 undoubtedly a writer whose, progress was more advanced than 
 
DAV 
 
 DAV 
 
 could have been expected at the time he wrote. He had access to 
 official information from which he derived many advantages. He 
 possessed a very considerable command of language." SIR JOIIN 
 SINCLAIR. 
 
 "Admirable works; replete with curious and instructive reflec 
 tions." DUKE OF GRAFTON. 
 
 " There seem to be but slender grounds for the eulogies bestowed 
 on his writings, or for thinking that they at all accelerated the 
 progress of sound commercial knowledge. They contain little that 
 is valuable that may not be found in the work of Sir Joshua Child. 
 Some detached paragraphs are exceedingly good ; but the treatises 
 of which they form parts are remarkably inconclusive, and are for 
 the most part pervaded by the narrowest and most illiberal views. 
 There is no evidence to show that Davenant had ever reflected on 
 the influence of commerce in facilitating the production of wealth, 
 by its enabling the division of labour to be carried to the farthest 
 extent; that is, by its enabling the people of different countries to 
 apply themselves, in preference, to those employments for the pro 
 secution of which they have some natural or acquired advantage." 
 McCulloch's Lit. ofPolit. Economy, 1845, 352. 
 
 Davenant, John, D.D., 1576-1641, a native of Lon 
 don, was educated at, and Fellow of, Queen's College, Cam 
 bridge ; Lady Margaret Profess, of Divinity, 1609 ; Master 
 of his College, 1614; sent by James I. to the Synod of 
 Dort, 1618; Bishop of Salisbury, 1621. He incurred the j 
 displeasure of the king by maintaining the doctrine of 
 predestination in a sermon preached before his majesty, j 
 Expositio Epistolae D. Pauli ad Colossenes, Cantab., 1627, j 
 fol.; 3d ed., Cantab., 1639; Amst., 1646, 4to; Groning., \ 
 1655, 4to. This is the substance of Lectures read by the 
 author. 
 
 " The bishop pays considerable attention to find out the literal 
 sense, as well as to illustrate the doctrinal and practical meaning, i 
 of the epistle. Walch commends it; and the learned author of the ! 
 Synopsis speaks of Davenant as an interpreter far above his praise." j 
 Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " Davenant's Exposition is valuable, not as a book for continuous ! 
 perusal, but as a work of reference, in which the reader will find j 
 most of the disputed points of the Papistical, Calvinistic, and some j 
 minor controversies treated with great acuteness, learning, and i 
 judgment." Lon. Eclectic Review. 
 
 "A very excellent work, full of valuable elucidation." Bicker- 
 steth's Christian Student. 
 
 Trans, into English, with a Life of the Author and Notes, ', 
 by the Rev. Josiah Allport, Lon., 1831, '32, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Allport has conferred no small favour on biblical students I 
 by rendering Bishop Davenant's valuable exposition accessible to 
 English readers." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " The translation not only possesses the more ordinary and abso 
 lutely indispensable prerequisites of general accuracy and fidelity, 
 but the more rare recommendations of commendable care, propriety, 
 and even elegance. ... A very valuable feature of the present 
 work is, that the edition has appended (in the form of notes) bio 
 graphical sketches of the Fathers and Schoolmen, whose names so 
 profusely adorn the pages of Davenant. . . . His notes contain a 
 great deal of curious and valuable information. The Sketch of 
 the Life of Davenant deserves the highest praise : it is the only 
 attempt that has ever been made to give any thing like a detailed 
 account of the history and writings of that great and good man." 
 Lon. Eclectic Review. 
 
 Praelectiones, <fcc. de Justitia habituali et actuali altero. 
 Cantab., 1631, fol. Determinationes XLIX. Qusestionum, 
 Ac., 1634, fol. 
 
 " Many debateable doctrines [in the two vols.l wisely stated." 
 BickerstetKs Christian Student. 
 
 Trans, of the above two vols. into English by the Rev. 
 Josiah Allport, Lon., 1844-46, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Well calculated to meet the errors which are most prevalent at 
 the present time. . . . The man who will make himself master of 
 Davenant's arguments will find in them a sufficient safeguard 
 against Romanizing tendencies at any time." Church of England 
 Quar. Rev. 
 
 An Exhortation to Brotherly Communion between the 
 Protestant Churches, 1641, 12mo. The same in Latin, 
 Camb., 1640, 8vo. 
 
 " A delightful little work on this subject. Milton, Baxter, Bur- 
 roughes, Bishop Stillingfleet, and others wrote with the same 
 views." BickerstetKs Christian Student. 
 
 Animadversions upon a Treatise written by Mr. S. (or J.) 
 Hoard, entitled God's Love to Mankind, Ac., Camb., 1641, 
 8vo. Epistola de Sacramentis, Lon., 1649, 8vo. Disser- 
 tationes duae de Morte Christi et Prsedestinatione, Cantab., 
 
 ^'J 1 ^ is elaborate an <l very judicious treatise on the Death of 
 Christ, Davenant plainly shows, that while profoundly impressed 
 with the truth of the main doctrines of the Calvanistic school, he 
 was by no means the supralapsarian which many of the opposite 
 party have been fond of representing him. He was decidedly a 
 sublapsarian." Lon. Eclectic Review. 
 
 See an interesting account of this excellent man in Ful 
 ler's Worthies. 
 
 Davenant, Sir William, 1605-1668, a native of Ox- 
 ford, was the son of a vintner at least we are willing to 
 accept this version of his paternity. Wood gives an in 
 teresting-account of the household: 
 
 " His mother was a very beautiful woman, of a good wit and 
 conversation, in which she was imitated by none of her children 
 but by this William. The father, who was a very good and dlscrSt 
 citizen, (yet an admirer and lover of plays and play-makers, espe 
 
 cially Shakespeare, who frequented his house in his jemmies be 
 tween Warwickshire and London,) was of a melancholic disposi 
 tion, and was seldom or never seen to laugh, in which he was imi 
 tated by none of his children but by Robert, his eldest son, after 
 wards Fellow of St. John's Coll. and a venerable doct. of div. As 
 for William, whom we are farther to mention, and may justly stile 
 'the sweet swan of Isis,' he was educated in grammar learning un 
 der Edw. Sylvester, whom I shall elsewhere mention, and in acade 
 mical in Line. Coll. under the care of Mr. Dan. Hough, in 1620, or 21, 
 or thereabouts, and obtained there some smattering in logic ; but 
 his geny which was always opposite to it, lead him in the pleasant 
 paths of poetry, so that tho' he wanted much of university learn 
 ing, yet he made as high and noble flights in the poetical faculty, 
 as fancy could advance, without it." Athen. Oxon., Bliss's ed., 
 iii. 802. 
 
 On quitting college he obtained the place of page to the 
 celebrated Duchess of Richmond, and subsequently resided 
 in the household of Sir Fulke Greville, Lord Brooke, by 
 whose death in 1628 he was once more thrown upon his 
 own resources. In the same year appeared his Tragedy 
 of Albovine, King of the Lombards, pub. 1629, 4to. To 
 this succeeded The Just Italian, a Play; and The Cruel 
 Brother, a Tragedy, both pub. 1629, 4to. The success of 
 these pieces, and other compositions, (see a list of his pro 
 ductions in Lowndes's Bibl. Manual,) gave the author a 
 position among the wits of the day, and in 1637 he suc 
 ceeded Ben Jonson as poet laureate. In 1641 he became 
 involved in the political difficulties which entangled most 
 of the principal men of the time. Of course he was a royal 
 ist, and for his efforts on behalf of the unfortunate mon 
 arch he was for some time imprisoned, and was glad to 
 retire to France. After a short residence abroad, he re 
 turned to England, and served with the royalist forces as 
 lieutenant-general of the ordnance at the siege of Glouces 
 ter. At this period he was knighted by King Charles. 
 Again repairing to France, he was honoured with the con 
 fidence of Queen Henrietta Maria, and intrusted by her 
 with a communication to Charles. Davenant saw no pro 
 mise of brighter times at home, and therefore determined 
 to try his fortune in the New World. The vessel in which 
 he sailed with his company of mechanics and weavers was 
 seized by an English man-of-war, and our poetical knight 
 found himself for the second time a prisoner. Whilst con 
 fined in Cowes Castle, he finished the first part of the poem 
 of Gondibert. He was now removed to the Tower of Lon 
 don, and would probably have fared badly in addition to 
 his two years' imprisonment, had not Milton nobly exerted 
 himself to procure his enlargement. It is said that this 
 debt of gratitude was repaid at the Restoration, when Mil 
 ton was beholden for his safety to the influence of his 
 brother poet. Davenant now employed himself in the in 
 troduction of such dramatic entertainments partaking of 
 the character of the opera as the taste of the age, or the 
 forbearance of the rulers, rendered practicable. The re 
 mainder of his life seems to have passed in the quiet en 
 joyment of his literary tastes, and the admiring apprecia 
 tion of his contemporaries. He was honoured with a last 
 resting-place in Westminster Abbey, and the sepulchral 
 marble was not thought unworthy of the expressive epi 
 taph which had previously been applied to his successor in 
 the honours of the laurel : " Rare Sir William Daven 
 ant" the poet would have considered as ample reward for 
 his literary exertions. A collective edition of his works 
 was pub. in folio, 1672, '73. Gondibert by which the au 
 thor's name is best known is a heroic poem, the events 
 of which are supposed to have occurred in the reign of 
 Aribert, King of Lombardy, 653-661. By some of the 
 principal poets of the day, Cowley and Waller being of the 
 number, it was rapturously applauded ; by others it was so 
 warmly attacked, that the author felt it incumbent on him 
 to defend himself from their censures. He had no heart 
 to continue a theme so little appreciated, and Gondibert 
 was left to posterity in an unfinished state. See Disraeli's 
 Quarrels of Authors; Miscellanies in Prose by Aikin and 
 Barbauld; Retrospective Review, (Lon., 1820,) ii. 304-24: 
 prefatory remarks to vol. iv. of Anderson's British Poets; 
 Headley's Select Beauties ; Kurd's Letters on Chivalry and 
 Romance; Biog. Brit.; Malone's History of the Stage. 
 Gondibert has now but few readers. The four-lined stanza 
 with alternate rhymes is not a favourite measure, and six 
 thousand lines of such, in a solid phalanx, present an ap 
 pearance sufficiently formidable to repel ordinary readers. 
 Yet those who thus neglect the bulky tomes of old English 
 poetry little know what they lose. With much that may 
 be spared, there is much also which is admirably calculated 
 to charm the imagination, to delight the fancy, and- to im 
 prove the heart. If it were only to enjoy the exquisite 
 sketch of the Character and Love of Birtha, would it not 
 be well worth while to read the six thousand lines of Gon 
 dibert? But we are extending this article unwarrantably, 
 
DAV 
 
 and must conclude ; not, however, without the citation of 
 some opinions upon the merits of the once thrice-famed, 
 now little known, " Rare Sir William Davenant !" 
 
 " I found him of so quick a fancy, that nothing was proposed 
 to him on which he could not suddenly produce a thought ex 
 tremely pleasant and surprising; and those first thoughts of his, 
 contrary to the old Latin proverb, were not always the least happy. 
 And as his fancy was quick, so likewise were the products of it re 
 mote and happy. He borrowed not of any other, and his imagina 
 tions were such as could not easily enter into any other man, be 
 stowing twice the time and labour in polishing which he used in 
 invention." DRYDEN. 
 
 Dryden on other occasions expresses his obligations to 
 Davenant, and surely the latter had a claim upon his gra 
 titude, for Dryden remarks in his preface to the Tempest, 
 which they had altered : 
 
 " It was originally Shakspeare's a poet for whom he had par 
 ticularly a high veneration, and whom he first taught me to ad- 
 
 mi " Gondibert, which is rather a string of Epigrams than an Epic 
 Poem, was not without its admirers, among whom were Waller and 
 Cowley. But the success did not answer his expectation. When 
 the novelty of it was over, it presently sunk into contempt; and 
 he at length found, that when he strayed from Ho.mer he deviated 
 from nature." GRANGER, iv. 43. 
 
 " The stanza which he has adopted is better suited to elegiac 
 than to heroic poetry. A beautifully descriptive passage, inter 
 spersed in the course of two or three hundred lines, will not alle 
 viate the tedium of the rest; as an occasional flash of lightning 
 cannot illuminate the continual gloominess of an extensive pros 
 pect." Knox's Essays, ii. 377. 
 
 " When a writer who is driven by so many powerful motives to 
 the imitation of preceding models, revolts against them all, and 
 determines at any rate, to be original, nothing can be expected but 
 an awkward straining in every thing. Improper method, forced 
 conceits, and affected expression, are the certain issue of such ob 
 stinacy. The business is to be unlike; and this he may very pos 
 sibly be, but at the expense of graceful ease and true beanty." 
 SisJwp Hurd's Critical Commentaries, Notes, and Dissertations, iii. 
 138-144. 
 
 But Mr. Headley disputes the justice of the bishop's 
 critique : 
 
 " After all, it seems but candid to examine every work by those 
 rules only which the author prescribed himself in the composing 
 of it : every contrary step is but trying a man of one country by 
 the laws of another. What right have we, therefore, to be offended 
 at not finding the critical acts passed by Aristotle originally, and 
 re-echoed by Bossu and the French critics, rigidly observed, when 
 it was the author's professed intention to write without them ?" 
 Biog. Sketches prefixed to Headley's Collection, vol. i. See Biog. Brit, 
 Davenant, Rev. William, drowned whilst swim 
 ming, 1681, fourth son of the preceding, was educated a 
 Magdalen Hall, Oxford. Trans, of La Mothe le Vayer's 
 Animadversions on Greek and Latin Historians. 
 
 Davenport,Christopher,1598-1680, became a Fran 
 ciscan, adopted the name of Sancta Clara, and was chap 
 lain to Queen Henrietta Maria. De Prasdestinatione Me 
 ritis, <fec., Lugd., 1634, 8vo. Apologia Episcoporum, 1640 
 8vo. Manuale Miss. Regularium, Duaci, 1658, 8vo. Sys 
 tema Fidei, &c., Leodi, 1648, 4to. Vindic. of R. Catholics 
 1659. Religio Philosophi, &c., Duaci, 1662, 8vo. R. C 
 Belief, 1670, 8vo. Middle State of Souls. See Bishop 
 Heber's Life of Jeremy Taylor. 
 
 Davenport,Francis. Tides at Tonquin, Phil. Trans. 
 1684. 
 
 Davenport, Humphrey. Abrigt. of Coke upon Lit 
 tleton, 4th ed., Lon., 1685, 12mo. See Marvin's Leg. Bibl 
 Davenport, John, 1597-1670, brother of Christopher 
 emigrated to Boston in 1637, and was minister a,t New 
 Haven and at Boston. He was of great learning, piety 
 and zeal. When Whalley and Goffe fled to New Haven 
 he concealed them in his own house. He pub. a numbe 
 of serms., letters, <fcc., 1629-1637. See Athen. Oxon. 
 Mather's Magnalia ; Trumbull's Conn. ; Hutchinson ; Win 
 throp. 
 
 Davenport, John. Historical Class Book, Lon. 
 1839, 12mo. 
 
 " One of the most useful helps to education which has fallei 
 under our critical cognizance." Lon. M. Advertiser. 
 
 Hist, of the Bastille. Lives of Eminent Men. Al 
 Pasha. Narrative. 
 
 Davenport, R. A. Dictionary of Biography, Lon, 
 1831, 12mo. 
 
 Davenport, Richard. Con. to Amer. Phil., 1815 
 Nat. Phil. 
 
 Davenport, Robert. New Tricke to cheat the Divell 
 Lon., 1639, 4to. The City Night Cap, 1655, 4to. Othe 
 dramatic pieces. 
 
 Davenport, Selina. Novels, 1814, '15. 
 
 Daventer, Henry. Midwifery Improved, 1716, 8vo 
 
 Davey, John. Obs. on Bane in Sheep, Bath, 1830, 8vo 
 
 David, St., the Patron of Wales, d. 544, was born abou 
 
 the close of the 5th cientury. He wrote the Decrees of th 
 
 Synod of Victoria, the Rules of his Monasteries, som 
 
 DAV 
 
 Homilies, and Letters to King Arthur; all of which have 
 erished. See Butler's Lives of the Saints; Wharton's 
 nglia Sacra; Tanner. 
 
 David, Ap Gwillum, a famous Welsh bard, is noted 
 
 or having inscribed 147 poems to the fair Morvid. Such 
 
 deluge was too much for her constancy if indeed she 
 
 ver favoured the poet and she was married to a soldier 
 
 amed Rhys Gwgan, who had distinguished himself at the 
 
 attle of Crecy. So, in this case, the favourite maxim of 
 
 uthors was disproved, the Sword outweighed the Pen. 
 
 )avid's works were edited in London in 1789. 
 
 David, Hen. Theolog. Letters to Lon. Quar. Review, 
 
 825. 
 
 David, Job. Review of Dr. Priestley's Letter to an 
 Antipaedobaptist, 1803, 8vo. 
 
 David, M. Effect of Motion, Rest, &c., Lon., 1790, 4to. 
 David, Michael. Religion, Ac. of J. B. Renoult, 
 1708, 4to. 
 
 David, R. 1. The Fast. 2. Fear of God, 1781/82, 8vo. 
 Davidson. The Christian Prize; a Serm., 8vo. 
 Davidson, Rev. Anthony. A Sentimental Journey, 
 n imitation of Sterne. Serms. ; in blank verse. 
 
 Davidson, Charles. Precedents in Conveyancing, 
 4th ed., Lon., 1852, 12mo. Common Forms in Conveyanc- 
 ng, 1846, r. 8vo. 
 
 Davidson,David. Thoughts on the Seasons,1789,8ro. 
 Davidson, David. English Grammar, 1814, 12mo. 
 Davidson, David, D.D. Comment, on the Bible, 
 Lon., 1845, fol. ; 1836-46, 3 vols. 24mo. Pocket Biblical 
 Diet., new ed., 1837, 24mo. Prophecy, 1839, 12mo. Con- 
 nee, of S. and P. Hist., 1842, 24mo. 
 
 " This work is well executed. The historical plan is clear and 
 unique, and the style is singularly attractive, on account of its 
 purity and strength." Protestant Churchman. 
 Davidson, G. Bark Tree in St. Lucia,Phil. Trans.,1784. 
 Davidson, G. F. Trade and Travel in the East, 
 Lon., 1846, p. 8vo. 
 
 "One of the best and most entertaining books of travels pub 
 lished within the last, three years." Lon. Dispatch. 
 
 Favourably reviewed in the Edin. and Lon. Quar. Re 
 views. 
 
 Davidson,Henry. Waterloo; aPoem,Lon.,1816,8vo. 
 Davidson, James. Two Serms., 1804. 
 Davidson, John. Dialogue betwixt a Clerk and a 
 Courteour, concerning the state of Parish Kirks in Scot 
 land, 1570, cr. 8vo. 40 copies reprinted at Edinburgh in 
 1829. 
 
 Davidson, John. Helpes for Y. S. in Chris., Edin., 
 1602, Svo. 
 
 Davidson, John. Catechism, Edin., 1708, Svo. 
 Davidson, John. Accounts of the Chamberlain in 
 Scotland in 1329, '30, '31. Obs. on the Regiam Majestatem, 
 Edin., 1792, Svo. Remarks on some Edits, of the Acts 
 Parl. of Scotland, 1792, Svo. See SIB DAVID DALBYM- 
 PLE'S Annals of Scotland, iii. 340. 
 
 Davidson, Lucretia Maria, 1808-1S25, a native 
 of Plattsburg, New York, was the daughter of a physician. 
 Before she was six years of age she wrote quite a number 
 of original poetical compositions, which were accidentally 
 discovered, having been carefully concealed in a closet sel 
 dom visited. Her first poem which has been preserved, 
 was written when she was nine years old. The earliest of 
 her productions which has been published was written at 
 eleven years of age. Before she was twelve years old she 
 had read much of Shakspeare, Kotzebue, and Goldsmith, 
 many of the standard English poets, and several histo 
 rians. Such remarkable precocity of course excited much 
 observation, and when about 16 years of age, by the kind 
 ness of Mr. Moss Kent, she was placed at the excellent 
 seminary of Mrs. Willard, at Troy. This lady, who has 
 done so much to educate the female mind in America 
 whose name is so familiar to many mothers who are now 
 communicating to their children the intellectual and moral 
 lessons acquired from their former preceptor immediately 
 recognised the peculiar characteristics of the mind con 
 fided to her guidance. She remarks : 
 
 " She at once surprised us by the brilliancy and pathos of her 
 compositions ; she evinced a most exquisite sense of the beautiful 
 in the productions of her pencil; always giving to whatever she 
 attempted to copy certain peculiar and original touches which 
 marked the liveliness of her conceptions, and the power of her 
 genius to embody those conceptions. But from studies which re 
 quired calm and steady investigation, efforts of memory, judgment, 
 and consecutive thinking, her mind seemed to shrink. She had 
 no confidence in herself, and appeared to regard with dismay any 
 requisitions of this nature." 
 
 During the vacation a few months after her reception 
 into Mrs. Willard's household she suffered from ill health, 
 but rallied sufficiently to be placed at a school in Albany, 
 where it was hoped she might be able to continue her stu- 
 
DAV 
 
 DAY 
 
 dies. But it was soon apparent that her life was not to | 399; Sparks's Amer. Biog., vii. 209; Lon. Quar. Rev., xli. 
 be prolonged. The unfavourable symptoms which had J 289, Ixix. 49 ; Chris. Examiner, xxxi. 269. In London, 
 
 alarmed the anxiety of her family and friends now deve 
 loped themselves with increased strength, and resulted fa 
 tally on the 27th of August, 1825, one month before she 
 had attained the age of 17. So great was her facility in 
 composition, that she left no less than two hundred and 
 seventy-eight pieces, (about one hundred and forty had 
 been destroyed before her death,) among which were five 
 poems of several cantos each, a number of romances, and 
 a tragedy. 
 
 A collection of her pieces, with a memoir, was pub. in 
 1829, by Mr. Samuel F. B. Morse, under the title of Amir 
 Khan and other Poems : the Remains of Lucretia Maria 
 Davidson. An interesting review of this volume by Ro 
 bert Southey will be found in the London Quarterly Re 
 view, xli. 289. Miss Catherine M. Sedgwick also has pub. 
 a biography of her life and character, and the reader will 
 find interesting notices of Lucretia M. and Margaret M. 
 Davidson in Dr. Griswold's Female Poets of America, and 
 in Mrs. Kale's Records of Woman. 
 
 " In these poems there is enough of originality, enough of aspi 
 ration, enough of conscious energy, enough of growing power, to 
 warrant any expectations, however sanguine, which the patron, 
 and the friends and parents of the deceased could have formed. 
 ... In our own language, except in the cases of Chatterton and 
 Kirke White, we can call to mind no instance of so early, so ardent, 
 and so fatal a pursuit of intellectual advancement." ROBERT 
 SOUTHEY, ubi supra. 
 
 Davidson, Margaret Miller, 1823-1838, was a sis 
 ter of the preceding, and distinguished by the same re 
 markable precocity of intellect and facility in literary 
 composition. At the early age of six years she found 
 great delight in the perusal of the poems of Milton, Cow- 
 per, Thomson, Scott, and other authors of the same class. 
 "By the time she was six years old," remarks her mo 
 ther, "her language assumed an elevated tone, and her 
 mind seemed filled with poetic imagery, blended with veins 
 of religious thought." About this time she commenced 
 "lisping in numbers," and specimens of her poetry then 
 written will be found in Washington Irving's charming 
 Memoir of this wonderful child, for she was but fifteen 
 years and eight months old when translated to a brighter 
 sphere. Of the beautiful stanzas addressed to her sister 
 Lucretia, Mr. Irving remarks : 
 
 " We may have read poetry more artificially perfect in its struc 
 ture, but never any more truly divine in its inspiration." 
 
 Leonore is the longest of her poems; (the volume just 
 quoted contains some of her prose compositions, also:) 
 
 " It is a story of romantic love, happily conceived, and illustrated 
 with some fine touches of sentiment and fancy. It is a creditable 
 production, and would entitle a much older author to considera 
 tion ; but its best passages scarcely equal some of her earlier and 
 less elaborate performances." Griswold's Female Poets of America. 
 Mrs. Davidson had drank deeply of the cup of affliction ; 
 few could lose such a daughter as Lucretia Maria: but it 
 was much that her little sister then not quite two years 
 old was left to comfort the stricken parent. When only 
 three years of age the child would sit "on a cushion at her 
 mother's feet, listening to anecdotes of her sister's life, and 
 details of the events which preceded her death ; and would 
 often exclaim, while her face beamed with mingled emo 
 tions, ' Oh, I will try to fill her place teach me to be like 
 her !' " 
 
 Her prayer had been granted. She had grown up to 
 supply her sister's place, and had evinced the possession 
 of powers calculated to honour her name and bless her 
 race when she too was called to be numbered with the 
 "early lost, the long deplored." Again the fond mother 
 had to pass through the afflicting scenes from which she 
 had already suffered so deeply. Some four years after she 
 had followed Margaret to the grave, she remarks in a letter 
 to the author of this work referring to an incident which 
 had recently transpired 
 
 "I will not attempt to describe feelings which brought before 
 my mind's eye with all the freshness of yesterday, some of the 
 most deeply touching incidents in my sorrowing and varied life, 
 with cherished and sacred recollections of the dear one who, like a 
 bright dream, has faded away from my sight in this world forever!" 
 The reader must not fail to peruse the deeply interesting 
 memoir by Mr. Irving before referred to. We may fitly 
 conclude this sketch in his own words : 
 
 " We shall not pretend to comment on these records; they need 
 no comment, and they admit no heightening. Indeed, the farther 
 we have proceeded with our subject, the more has the intellectual 
 beauty and the seraphic purity of the little being we have intended 
 to commemorate broken upon us; and the more have we shrunk 
 at our own unworthiness for such a task." 
 
 Notices of the literary history of the gifted sisters, and 
 reviews of Miss Sedgwick's and Mr. Irving's biographies, 
 will be found in the Southern Lit Messenger, i. 51 ; ix. 94, 
 
 the biographies of the sisters, by Miss Sedgwick and Mr. 
 Irving, have been incorporated into one volume. 
 
 Davidson, Margaret M., mother of the two preced 
 ing. A volume of Selections from her Writings, with a 
 preface by Miss Sedgwick, was pub. in 1843. 
 
 ' There is nothing in her book to arrest attention. Mrs. David 
 son has some command of language, and a knowledge of versifica 
 tion, and the chief production of her industry in this line is a para 
 phrase of six books of Eingal. Her writings are interesting only 
 as indexes to the early culture of her daughters." Griswold's Fe 
 male Poets of America. 
 
 Davidson, Robert. Serm., 1707, 4to. 
 Davidson, Robert, and David Douglass. De 
 cisions of the C. of Sess., 1792-96, Edin., 1797, fol. The 
 same, 1796-1801, fol. 
 
 Davidson, Samuel. Con. to Med. Com., 1790. 
 Davidson, Rev. Samuel, LL.D. Ecclesiastical Po 
 lity of the N. Test., Lon., 1848, 8vo. Introduc. to the N. 
 Test., 1848-51, 3 vols. 8vo. Biblical Criticism, Edin., 1852, 
 2 rols. 8vo ; new ed., Lon., 1855, 8vo. Sacred Hermeneu- 
 tics Developed and Applied, 1843, Svo. 
 
 " Nothing seems to be left undone which could be brought within 
 the prescribed limits ; and that which has been done appears to be 
 well done and treated in an intelligent and masterly manner." 
 Ch. of England Quar. Rev. 
 
 Trans, of Gieseler's Comp. of Eccles. History, Lon. ,1846, 
 &c., 4 vols. Svo. See Clarke's Foreign Theolog. Library. 
 "Gieseler's Church History is an invaluable storehouse of refer 
 ence to the anxious and inquiring student and doctrinarian." 
 Lon. Eclec. Rev. 
 
 Text of the Old Testament Considered, Lon., 1856, Svo. 
 Davidson, Thomas. Cantus; Songs and Fancies, 
 Aberdeen, 1666. This is said to be the first collection in 
 which Scottish Songs are to be found. 
 Davidson, Thomas. Serm., Lon., 1749, Svo. 
 Davidson, Thomas. Sketch of Dr. Erskine,1803,8vo. 
 Davidson, Wm. Sermon on Fasting, Newc., 1793, 
 Svo. Brief Outline of an Exam, of the Song of Solomon, 
 Lon., 1817, Svo. 
 
 "The author of this work considers the Canticles as an inspired 
 song, wholly referring to the spiritual Solomon, or Christ and his 
 true spiritual church." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Davidson, Wm. The Pulmonary System, Lon., 1795, 
 
 Svo. Con. to Med. Com., 1793; to Med. Facts, 1792, '93, '94. 
 
 Davidson, Wm., M.D. On the Continued Fevers of 
 
 G. Britain and Ireland, Lon., 1841, 8vo. Treatise on Diet, 
 
 1843, 12mo; 1847. 
 
 "The volume is comprehensive; it includes a great deal of most 
 useful matter ; and will be a valuable guide to the student and 
 young practitioner." Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 Davidsone, David. Disp. Inaug. de Febre Quar- 
 tana, Lugd. Bat., 1686, 4to. 
 
 Davidsone, John. Ane brief Commendatioun of 
 Vprichtnes. Imprentit at Sanct Androis be R. Lekpreuick, 
 1573, 4to. 
 
 Davie, Charles H. Hist, of the Inquisition,1851,12mo. 
 " A fair and full account of the evils which it professes to de 
 scribe, since its statements are taken from the most authentic 
 sources of information, both ancient and modern." Chris. Times. 
 Davie, John C. Letters from Paraguay,Lon.,1805,8vo. 
 " A fictitious work of no reputation or value." 
 Davie, Sampson. End, <fcc. of T. Norton; in verse, 
 1570, Svo. 
 
 Davies. Antiquities : see Hearne's Collec., ii. 
 Davies,Arabella. 1. Letters. 2. Diary, 1788, 12mo. 
 Davies, Anth. The Protestant's Practice. Sparkles 
 of the Spirit, 1656, '58. 
 Davies, B. Serm., Lon., 1785, Svo. 
 Davies, C. M. Hist, of Holland, Lon., 3 vols. Svo. 
 1841, '42, '44; new ed., 1851. 
 
 ' Historical students must and ought to be grateful to the au 
 thor of this valuable work, which has long been wanted." Lon. 
 Athenceum. 
 
 Davies, C. X. Lectures on Prophecy, 1836, 12mo. 
 "This little volume displays both thought and feeling on a sub* 
 ject of the deepest interest," British Magazine. 
 
 Davies, Charles, LL.D., born at Washington, Con 
 necticut, for many years Professor at West Point. Prof. 
 Davies is the author of the following valuable series of 
 Mathematical works, which are very extensively used in 
 schools and colleges throughout the U. S., and, it is said, 
 have produced the author more than $50,000: 1. Primary 
 Table Book. 2. First Lessons in Arithmetic. 3. Intel 
 lectual Arithmetic. 4. School Arithmetic. 5. Grammar 
 of Arithmetic. 6. University Arithmetic, 1st ed., 1846. 
 7. Elementary Algebra, 1st ed., 1839. 8. Elementary Geo 
 metry and Trigonometry, 1st ed., 1840. 9. Practical Ma 
 thematics, 1852. 10. Bourdon's Algebra, 1st ed., 1834. 
 11. Legendre's Geometry, 1st ed., 1828. 12. Elements 
 of Surveying, 1st ed., 1832. 13. Analytical Geometry. 
 
DAY 
 
 14. Differential and Integral Calculus. 15. Descriptive 
 Geometry, 1st ed., 1826. 16. Shades, Shadows, and Per 
 spective. 17. Logic of Mathematics. 18. Mathematical 
 Dictionary, 1855, N. York, 8vo. See PECK, WM. G. 
 
 Davies, Charles G. Scrm., Lon., 1841, 8vo. 
 
 Davies, D. 1. Serm. 2. Letters, 1810, 8vo. 
 
 Davies, D. W. Serm., Cranbrook, 1803, 8vo. 
 
 Davies,David. Med.,<tc. con. to Phil. Trans.,1700,'01. 
 
 Davies, David. Jurymen's Guide, Lon., 1779, 8vo. 
 
 Davies, Rev. David. The Case of Labourers in 
 Husbandry stated and considered, Lon., 1795, 4to. 
 
 " A publication which has been a good deal referred to for its 
 facts and statements." McOulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ. 
 
 Davies, Rev. David Peter. A New Historical and 
 Descriptive View of Derbyshire, Lon., 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Davies, E. Serm., 1720, 8vo. 
 
 Davies, Ebenezer. American Scenes and Christian 
 Slavery, Lon., 1849, '53, 12mo. 
 
 Davies, Edward. Art of War, Lon., 1618, 4to. 
 
 Davies, Edward. Serm., 1769, 8vo. 
 
 Davies, Edward, 1756-1831, Rector of Bishopston, 
 and Chancellor of Brecon. Vacunalia; Essay in verse, 
 Lon., 1788, 8vo. Twelve Dialogues on Different Subjects, 
 1801, Svo. Celtic Researches, or the Origin, Traditions, 
 and Languages of the Ancient Britons, 1804, Svo. The 
 Rites and Mythology of the British Druids, 1809, r. Svo. 
 
 " But above all other works on the subject of Druidism would 
 we recommend Davies, the author of the Celtic Researches. His 
 History of the British Druids is a perfect mine of information on 
 their most recondite antiquities. Davies, though not free from the 
 hyper-enthusiasm which always runs in the blood of the Welsh, 
 has never been excelled by any writer who has yet discussed Druid- 
 ical Literature." Lon. Monthly Magazine. 
 
 Davies, Lady Eleanor, 1603-1652, daughter of 
 Lord George Audley, Earl of Castlehaven, and wife of the 
 celebrated Sir John Davies, gained great notoriety as a 
 prophetess. She pub. a number of addresses, appeals, pro 
 phecies, &c., 1641-52. Her Strange and Wonderful Pro 
 phecies appeared in 1649, 4to. See Heylin's Life of Arch 
 bishop Laud, and Ballard's British Ladies. 
 
 Davies, Evan. Lightning, Phil. Trans., 1730. 
 
 Davies, Franc. ACatichisme, Lon., 1612, Svo. 
 
 Davies, Rev. G. Introduc. to Reading, 1810, 12mo. 
 
 Davies, George Harley, Comedian. The Fight of 
 Trafalgar ; a Descriptive Poem, 1806, 4to. 
 
 Davies, Griffith. Key to B.'s Trigonometry,1814,8vo. 
 
 Davies, Henry, M.D. Young Wife's Guide, Lon., 
 1852, Svo. 
 
 Davies, Herbert. On the Physical Diagnosis of the 
 Diseases of the Lungs and Heart, Lon., 1851, p. Svo; 2d 
 ed., revised and enlarged, 1854. 
 
 "The first edition of this work was published in 1851, and we 
 then recommended it to the attentive consideration of our readers 
 as embodying the latest views of the Vienna School. So valuable 
 a work cannot fail to reach many editions." Lon. Med. Times and 
 Gazette. 
 
 Davies, Rev. Hugh. Welsh Botanology, Lon., 1813, 
 Svo. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1794, 1811, '15. 
 
 Davies, J. Instructions for History, 1680, Svo. 
 
 Davies, James. Serm., Lon., 1679, 4to. 
 
 Davies, James. Serm., 1716, 4to. 
 
 Davies, James. Address to the Aged,Lon.,1734,12mo. 
 
 Davies, James. Supremacy of the Scriptures, with 
 a Preface by the Rev. J. P. Smith, D.D., Lon., 1846, 12mo. 
 
 " To those who wish, by a single strain of thought, well sus 
 tained, to find weapons to beat down the whole fabric of Popery, 
 and every kindred system, we recommend Mr. Davies's masterly 
 treatise." Lon. Evangelical Mag. 
 
 Davies, James Seymour. Stubborn Facts,1812,8vo. 
 
 Davies, Sir John, 1570-1626, a native of Wiltshire, 
 was educated at Queen's College, Oxford, and afterwards 
 studied law. In 1603 he was sent as solicitor-general to 
 Ireland, soon rose to be attorney-general, and subsequently 
 was appointed one of the judges of assize. In 1607 he 
 was knighted, and after filling several offices with great 
 credit, he was in 1626 appointed Lord Chief Justice of 
 England, but "died suddenly before the ceremony of set 
 tlement or installation could be performed."" 
 
 Nosce Teipsum: This Oracle expounded in two Elegies: 
 1st, of Human Knowledge, 2d, Of the Soul of Man, and 
 the Immortality thereof : title of 2d ed. pub. 1602, 4to; 1st 
 pub. in 1599, 4to. Yet the dedication to Queen Elizabeth 
 bears date 1592. See Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 " This poem is, without dispute, except Spenser's Faery Queen, 
 the best that was written in Queen Elizabeth's or even in King 
 James the First's time." Note in the edit, of Davies's Poet Works 
 1773, 12mo. 
 
 "The author of this poem merits a lasting honour; for, as he 
 w.as a most eloquent lawyer, so, in the composition of this piece, 
 we admire him for a good poet and exact philosopher." N. TATE- 
 Pref. to 4th ed., 1697, Svo. 
 
 31 
 
 DAV 
 
 " Davies's Nosce Teipsum is an excellent poem, in opening the 
 nature, faculties, and certain immortality of man's soul." RICHARD 
 BAXTER: Prefatory Address to his Poetical Fragments, 1681. 
 
 " Perhaps no language can produce a poem, extending to so great 
 a length, of more condensation of thought, or iu which fewer lan 
 guid verses will be found. . . . Very few have been able to preserve 
 a perspicuous brevity without stiffness or pedantry, (allowance 
 made for the subject and the time,) in metaphysical reasoning, so 
 successfully as Sir John Davies." HALLAM : Introduc. to Lit. of 
 
 " In the happier parts of his poem we come to logical truths so 
 well illustrated by ingenious similes, that we know not whether 
 to call the thoughts more poetically or philosophically just. The 
 judgment and fancy are reconciled, and the imagery of the poet 
 seems to start more vividly from the surrounding shades of ab 
 straction." CAMPBELL. 
 
 " Sir John Davies and Sir William Davenant, avoiding equally 
 the opposite faults of too artificial and too careless a style, wrote 
 in numbers which for precision and clearness, and felicity and 
 strength, have never been surpassed." SOUTHET. 
 
 The edition of his poetical works pub. in 1773, 12mo, 
 already referred to, contains, in addition to the above-no 
 ticed poem, the Hymns of Astrea acrostics in praise of 
 Elizabeth and Orchestra, a Poem on Dancing. 
 
 Reports of Cases in the Law in the King's Courts in Ire 
 land, 2 Jac.I.-lO Jac.L, (1604-12,) with a learned Pre 
 face, dedicated to Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, Dublin, 1615, 
 fol.j Lon., 1628, '78, (in French;) 4th ed., 1762, (in Eng 
 lish,) Dublin, Svo. These were the first reports of Irish 
 judgments which had ever been made public during the 
 400 years that the laws of England had existed in that 
 kingdom. The preface to these reports, which is " a very 
 learned and eloquent eulogium" on the Common Law of 
 England, and a vindication of its professors, "vies with 
 Coke in solidity and learning, and equals Blackstone in 
 classical illustration and elegant language." 
 
 In addition to the above-noticed works, and some Essays, 
 Ac., Sir John pub. an abridgt. of Coke's Reports, and a 
 number of historical and political tracts. George Chal 
 mers pub. in 1786, Svo, an edit, of his Historical Tracts; 
 the best known of which is A Discoverie of the Trve Cavses 
 why Ireland was neuer entirely subdued, nor brought un 
 der Obedience to the Crowne of Englond, until the begin 
 ning of his Majesty's Raigne, Lon., 1612, 4to; Dubl., 1664, 
 '66, Svo; 1704, fol.; Lon., 1747, 12mo. It would be diffi 
 cult to commend this performance too highly : 
 
 "The very best view of the political state of Ireland from the 
 reign of Henry II. to that of James I." BISHOP NICOLSON. 
 
 ' A great performance : a masterly work, and contains much 
 depth and extensive knowledge in state matters and settling of 
 countries, in a very short compass." EARL OF CHATHAM. 
 
 In versatility of talent, brilliancy of imagination, po 
 litical wisdom, and literary taste, few Englishmen have 
 equalled Sir John Davies. 
 
 See Athen. Oxon. ; Biog. Brit. ; Johnson and Chalmers's 
 English Poets, 1810; Life by George Chalmers, prefixed 
 to his Tracts; Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry; Ellis's Spe 
 cimens; Marvin's Legal Bibl. ; Wallace's Reporters; Re- 
 trosp. Review,-v. 44, 1822. 
 
 Davies, John. Outinam : 1. For Queene Elizabeth's 
 Securitie. 2. For her Subiects Prosperitie. 3. Foragene- 
 rall Conformitie. 4. And for England's Tranquilitie, Lon., 
 1591, 16mo. 
 
 " This volume consists of a fulsome sermonical address to the 
 people; an indecent prayer for the queen, &c., and closes with 
 seven six-line stanzas which are only remarkable for their demerit." 
 T. PARK. 
 
 Davies, John, D.D., a native of Wales, studied at 
 Jesus College and Lincoln College, Oxford. Antiquae Lin 
 guae Britannicaa, <fec., Lon., 1592, fol. Dictionarium Latino- 
 Britannicum, by T. Williams ; to which is added Adagia 
 Britannica, Authorum Britannicorum Nomina et quando 
 floruerunt, 1632. Parson's Resolutions trans, into Welsh. 
 He assisted in a version of the Welsh Bible, pub. 1620. 
 
 " This author was esteemed by the academicians well vers'd in 
 the history and antiquities of his own nation, and in the Greek 
 and Hebrew languages, a most exact critic, an indefatigable searcher 
 into ancient scripts, and well acquainted with curious and rare 
 authors." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Davies, or Davis, John, " of Hereford," educated at 
 Oxford, became famous as a poet and a writing-master. 
 Mr. Chalmers supposes his Mirum in Modum, a Glympse of 
 God's Glorie and the Soule's Shape, 1602, 4to, to have been 
 his earliest work. Sold at Lloyd's sale for 5 2*. 6cf. 
 Witte's Pilgrimage, sine anno; Bibl. Anglo-Poet, 25; 
 Perry Sale, 28. The Holy Roode or Christ's Crosse; 
 Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 15 15*. Other publications. A list 
 of his works will be found in Athen. Oxon., and in 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Manual, and notices of most of them in 
 Censura Literaria, The Bibliographer, and Restituta. 
 
 " Sir John Davies was more a scholar than a lawyer ; but this 
 John Davies was more a poet than a scholar, and somewhat en- 
 clined towards the law; which hath made some unwary readers 
 take the writings of one for the other." Athen. Oxon. 
 
DAY 
 
 Davies, John, 1625-1693, a native of Carmarthen 
 shire, made many trans, from the French into English. 
 We notice a few of his publications. Hist of the Carribby 
 Islands, fol., Lon., 1666; year of the great fire; therefore 
 this is a rare work. Voyages and Travels of Frederic's 
 Ambassadors, 1662, fol. Peregrinations, 1669, fol. Rites 
 and Monuments of Durham, 1672, 8vo. 
 
 Davies, John. Answers to Papers on Free-Trade, 
 1641, 4to. 
 
 Davies, John. Apocalypsis, Lon., 1658, 12mo. 
 Davies, John, D.D., 1679-1732, Prebendary of Ely, 
 was a native of London, and educated at Queen's College, 
 Cambridge, of which he became Fellow. He attained con 
 siderable reputation as a philologist. Maximi Tyrii Dis- 
 sertationes Gr. et Lat. ex interpretationes Heinsii, <fcc., 1703, 
 8vo. C. Julii Csesaris, &c., Cant., 1706 et '27, 4to. De Na- 
 tura Deorum, 1718, 8vo. Other publications, 1707-27. 
 Davies, John. Display of Herauldry, 1716, 12mo. 
 Davies, John. Serms., &c., 1799, 1802, '05, '14. 
 Davies, John. Innkeeper's Guide, Leeds, 1806, 12mo. 
 Davies, John. Cases resp. Patents, Lon., 1816, 8vo. 
 These Cases are held "in high estimation." See Pref. to 
 Phil, on Pat. 
 
 Davies, Rev. John. Essay on the 0. and N. Test., 
 Camb., 1843, 8vo. Estimate of the Human Mind, Lon., 
 8vo ; new ed., 1847. 
 
 " A great variety of topics of vast interest are ably and eloquently 
 discussed." Lon. Congregational Mag. 
 Cultivation of the Mind, Lon., 8vo. 
 " An able Christian view of the subject." BICKERSTETH. 
 "Mr. Davies is every way qualified for the task he has here un 
 dertaken." Imperial Mag. 
 
 The Ordinances of Religion practically Illustrated and 
 Applied, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 " We content ourselves with a hearty recommendation of the 
 volume." Lon. Pulpit. 
 
 Davies, Joseph. Increase of Home Trade, Ac., Lon., 
 1731, 8yo. 
 
 Davies, Myles, a Welsh divine, a native of Tre'r- 
 Abbot, Flintshire. Icon Libellorum; or a Critical Hist, 
 of Pamphlets, Lon., 1715, 8vo; this work is included in 
 the following : Athense Britannicae, or a Critical Hist, of 
 Oxford and Cambridge Writers and Writings. This work 
 is one of the rarest in the English tongue. Mr. H. G. 
 Bohn's Cat. of 1841 contains the Icon Libellorum, 8vo, 
 Athense Britannicae, 3 vols. 8vo ; andl vol. 4to, 1716; vols. 
 i. and ii. being a Crit. Hist, of Pamphlets. The 4 vols. are 
 marked 5 5s. In his Cat. for 1848 the 6 vols. are marked 
 10 10. The 5 vols. were pub. in 8vo, 1716, and one (vol. 4) 
 in 4to. The six were sold at the Bindley sale for 10 10s. 
 See an interesting account of Davies in Disraeli's Calami 
 ties of Authors. He pub. two theological treatises on 
 Arianism and Romanism. 
 
 Davies, Richard, Bishop of St. David's. Fun. Serm. 
 on the Earl of Essex, Lon., 1577, 4to. Epistle to the Welsh. 
 Reprinted, Oxon., 1671, 8vo. 
 
 Davies, Richard. Chester's Trivmph in honovr of 
 
 her Prince. As it was performed vpon St. George's Day 
 
 in the foresaid Citie, Lon., 1610, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 
 
 223, 25. Reprinted in Nichols's Progresses of K. James I. 
 
 Davies, Richard. Convincement,&c.,Lon.,l 710,12mo. 
 
 Davies,Richard,M.D. Profess.,Ac. treatises,1759,&c. 
 
 Davies, Robert, 1770-1836, a Welsh poet, wrote a 
 
 Welsh Grammar, and some poetical works in Welsh, which 
 
 are highly esteemed. 
 
 Davies,Roger. Existence of a Divine Being,! 724,8vo. 
 Davies, Samuel. Serms., 1758, '59, 8vo. 
 Davies, Rev. Samuel, 1724-1761, a native of New 
 castle, Delaware, preached with great success in Virginia. 
 In 1759 he succeeded Jonathan Edwards in the Presidency 
 of the College of New Jersey at Princeton. Mr. D. main 
 tained an exemplary character in all the relations of life, 
 Religion and Patriotism the constituents of a good soldier 
 a Serm., preached Aug. 17, 1755, Phila., 1756, 8vo, pp. 38 
 In a note to this discourse, p. 12, Mr. Davies remarks 
 speaking of "martial spirit:" 
 
 " As a remarkable instance of this, I may point out to the pub 
 lic that heroic youth, Colonel [afterwards "General] Washington 
 whom 1 cannot but hope Providence has hitherto preserved in so 
 signal a manner for some important service to his country." 
 
 The Crisis considered, with reference to Great Britain 
 and her Colonies, a Serm., Lon., 1757, 8vo. This contain 
 some curious particulars relative to the loss of Oswego 
 Braddock's Defeat, &c. Other serms. and addresses. See 
 Middleton's Biog. Evangel. ; Rice's Memoirs of Davies, &c 
 A collection of his sermons was pub. by Drs. Finley anc 
 Gibbons of London, 1767-71, 5 vols. 8vo; later edits, in ^ 
 vols., (Lon., 1824,) and in 3 vols., (N. York, 1849, 1851.) Mr 
 Davies excelled in 
 
 DAV 
 
 Animated and pathetic application, in which he collects and 
 oncentrates what he has been proving in his discourses, and argues 
 ith all the powers of forcible and melting persuasion to the heart. 
 . . I most sincerely wish that young ministers, more especially, 
 ould peruse these volumes with the deepest attention and serious- 
 ess, and endeavour to form their discourses according to the mo- 
 el of our author." DR. THOMAS GIBBONS. 
 
 Evangelical. His style and manner are not always good, hut 
 eing posthumous, he is less to be blamed. On Church Govern 
 ment he takes the side of Dissenters." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 " President Davies is generally cited as the most eloquent Ame- 
 ican divine of the past age. His sermons are formed on the decla- 
 latory and French models, and are direct, vehement, often elo- 
 uent and moving appeals, hut wanting accuracy and finish." 
 " Had the editor been less scrupulous, the sermons might have 
 ppeared to much greater advantage as to the method, proportions, 
 ;c. They should be read, not as models of composition, but in 
 eference to the serious truths they contain, and the vivida vis 
 nimi of the author." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 " They abound with striking thoughts, with the beauties and 
 legancies of expression, and with the richest imagery." PRESI- 
 >ENT ALLEN. 
 
 The edit, of Davies's sermons pub. in New York, 1851, 
 vols. 8vo, contains an essay on the Life and Times of the 
 Author, by the Rev. Albert Barnes of Philadelphia. 
 
 Davies, Sneyd, d. 1769, wrote several of the anony 
 mous imitations of Horace in Dunconibe's edit., 1767, and 
 ee end of vol. iv., and Poems in Dodsley's and Nichols's 
 Collection, and in the Alumni Etonenses. See account of 
 Davies in Nichols's Literary Collection. 
 Davies, Thomas. Serm. on Amos ix. 2, 8vo. 
 Davies, Thomas. Sixteen Discourses,Lon.,1720,8vo. 
 Davies, Thomas. Laws rel. to Bankrupts, 1744, fol. 
 Davies, Thomas, 1712?-1785, studied at the Uni- 
 ersity of Edinburgh, and became an actor and bookseller. 
 Dr. Johnson, who valued him highly, and declared that he 
 was "learned enough for a clergyman," assisted him libe 
 rally in his pecuniary difficulties. He married Miss Yar 
 row, a celebrated beauty, to whom we shall refer presently. 
 Life of David Garrick, Lon., 1780, 2 vols. 8vo. New 
 v 5th) ed. by Stephen Jones, 1808. Dramatic Miscellanies, 
 i.784, '85, 3 vols. 8vo. Lives of Dr. John Eachard, Sir 
 John Davies, and Mr. Lillo, prefixed to the eds. of their 
 works pub. by T. Davies. Memoirs of Henderson. Life 
 of Massinger. Review of Lord Chesterfield's Character. 
 Dramatic Works of George Lillo, with Memoirs of the Au 
 thor, 1810, 2 vols. 18mo. Interesting particulars of our 
 author will be found in Boswell's Johnson. It was at the 
 bouse of the bookseller that the biographer was first intro 
 duced to the great lexicographer. Who that has ever read 
 Boswell's amusing account of this introduction can ever 
 
 forget it? 
 
 'Both Davies and his wife (who has been celebrated for her 
 beauty) maintained an uniform decency of character; and John 
 son esteemed them, and lived in as easy an intimacy with them as 
 with any family which he used to visit." 
 
 Churchill's unmerciful ridicule of Davies's acting drove 
 him from the stage : 
 
 " With him came mighty Davies : on my life 
 That Davies has a very pretty wife! 
 Statesman all over, in plots famous grown, 
 He mouths a sentence as curs mouth a bone." 
 
 The Rosciad. 
 
 This was too much for Davies, and he again tried book 
 selling as a vocation. If he could not "act well his part" 
 himself, he contrived to profit by the success of a brother 
 actor; for his Life of Garrick relieved him of the res an- 
 gusta domi, and gave him fame in the world of letters. 
 
 Davies, Maj. Gen. Thomas. Con. in Zoology and 
 Ornithology to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1798, 1802. 
 
 Davies, Thomas S. Button's Mathemat., 12th ed., 
 by Gregory and Davies, Lon., 1840, 2 vols. 8vo. Solutions 
 of the principal questions of Button's Mathemat., 1840, 8vo. 
 
 "The solutions exhibit a degree of simplicity, ingenuity, and 
 elegance, rarely to be met with in works of this nature." Kelso 
 Chronicle,. 
 
 Davies, Rev. Walter. General View of the Agri- 
 cult, and Domestic Economy of North Wales,Lon.,181 l,8vo. 
 
 'The report exhibits much sound information, and an acute 
 judgment on every point of discussion. It has always beun es 
 teemed and recommended as a source whence information may be 
 got." Donaldson's AgricuU. Big. 
 
 Davies, William. A True Relation of his own Tra- 
 vailes and most miserable Captiuitie, Lon., 1614, 4to. Re 
 printed in the Oxford Collection of Voyages and Travels, 
 vol. i. 
 
 Davies, Wm. Plays for a private Theatre, Lon., 
 1786, 8vo. 
 
 Davies, sometimes Davis, q. v. 
 
 Daviess, Col. Joseph H., of Kentucky, d. 1811. 
 View of the President's Conduct con. the conspiracy of 1806. 
 
 Daville, John. Serm. on Ephes. v. 6, 1745, 8vo. 
 Davis. Welsh and Latin Dictionary, Lon., 1632, foL 
 
BAY 
 
 A Catalogue of the most noted British Authors, Ac. is an 
 nexed to this volume, which is truly a liber rarisnmus. 
 Davis. Hosanna hefore the Bishops, Lon., 1642, 4to. 
 Davis. Explanation and Vindication of the Rubrics 
 before the New Office for the llth of June, Oxf., 1731, 8vo. 
 Davis, Andrew Jackson, the Poughkeepsie Seer 
 and Clairvoyant, was born at Blooming Grove, Orange co., 
 N.Y. 1826. 1. Nature's Divine Revelations, pp. 800, 8vo, 
 NY 2 The Great Harmonia, 6 vols. 12mo ; containing 
 Physician, Teacher, Seer, Ac. 3. Review of Dr. Horace 
 Bushnell on Supernaturalism. 4. Philosophy of Spiritual 
 Intercourse, 8vo. 5. Philosophy of Special Providences, 
 Svo. 6. Harmonial Man ; or, Thoughts for the Age, 8vo. 
 7 Free Thoughts concerning Religion, Svo. 8. Present Age 
 and Inner Life. 9. The Penetralia : Harmonical Answers. 
 We append notices of two of Mr. Davis's publications : 
 
 "We can regard this book [The Great Harmonia] in no other 
 li"ht than as part of a series of systematic impostures. The mfi- 
 delitv of our day is to a considerable extent combined with an 
 
 amazing degree of credulity and superstition We have no 
 
 hesitation in predicting that money will be lost upon this volume 
 and the remainder of the series either by the publishers or by the 
 purchasers and we think it would be full as well for the world at 
 large that the loss should fall upon the former." Norton's (New 
 York} Literary Gazette. 
 
 A well-known writer thus refers to the Principles of Na 
 ture, her Divine Revelation, and a Voice to Mankind: 
 
 " Taken as a whole, the work is a profound and elaborate discus 
 sion of the Philosophy of the Universe; and tor grandeur of con 
 ception, soundness of principle, clearness of illustration, order of 
 arrangement, and encyclopedical range of subjects, I know of no 
 work of any single mind that will bear away from it the palm. To 
 every theme the inditing mind approaches with a certain latent 
 consciousness of mastery of all its principles, details, and techni 
 calities ; and yet without the least ostentatious display of superior 
 mental powers." PROFESSOR BUSH. 
 
 Davis, Asahel, b. 1791, in Massachusetts. Ancient 
 America and Researches of the East, 30th thousand, 1854. 
 Davis, Crusoe R. Life and Adventures of, Lon., 1756. 
 Davis, Daniel, of Boston, 1773-1835. Criminal Jus 
 tice, Boston, 2d ed., 1828, Svo ; 3d ed. by F. F. Heard. 
 " A valuable manual of criminal law." Marvin's Lfgal Bibl. 
 Precedents of Indictments, Boston, 1831, Svo. 
 Davis, Daniel, Jr. Manual of Magnetism, 6th ed., 
 Boston, 1854, 12mo. One of the best works upon the 
 subject. 
 
 Davis, David D., M.D. Trans, of Phinel on In 
 sanity, Sheff., 1806, 8vo. Acute Hydrocephalus, Lon., 
 1840, 8vo. 
 
 " A treatise eminently calculated to exalt the high reputation 
 which already distinguishes its author." Edin. Month. Med. Jour., 
 Jan. 1841. 
 
 Elements of Obstetric Medicine, Lon., 4to. New ed. in 
 10 Nos. Svo, and 70 plates in 4to, 1842. 
 
 " W T e do not, therefore, hesitate to say that it is a work which 
 ought to be found on the table of every teacher and medical prac 
 titioner." Edin. Medical and Surgical Magazine, Jan. 1842. 
 Davis, Edward, Surgeon. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1747 
 Davis, Edwin Hamilton, b. 1811, in Ross county, 
 Ohio ; appointed Prof, of Materia Medica and Therapeu 
 tics in the New York Medical College in 1850. As early 
 as 1833 he commenced his antiquarian researches, the 
 results of which have been pub. as the 1st vol. of the 
 Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, entitled: 1 
 Monuments of the Mississippi Valley, by E. G. Squier 
 and E. H. Davis. 2. Report on the Statistics of Calculous 
 Disease in Ohio, 1850, Svo. 
 
 Davis, Francis. A Catechism, Lon., 1612, Svo. 
 Davis, George. Serms., 1758, '63, 4to. 
 Davis, Rev. H. Exercises in Latin, Lon., 1844, 12mo 
 Davis, Henry W. The War of Ormuzd and Ahriman 
 in the Nineteenth Century, Baltimore, 1853, Svo. 
 
 Davis, Rev. Henry Edwards, 1756-1784, edu 
 cated at, and Fellow and Tutor of, Baliol Coll., Oxford 
 when only twenty-one pub. an examination of Gibbon's 15th 
 and 16th chapters of the Decline and Fall, Lon., 1778, Svo, 
 He charges Gibbon with misrepresentations of authors 
 cited and with want of accuracy in his statements. The 
 historian pub. a Vindication, which Davis answered in A 
 Reply to Mr. Gibbon's Vindication, 1779, Svo. 
 Davis, Hewlett. Farming Essays, Lon., 1848, Svo. 
 " These essays are very particular for sound practice and enlight 
 ened judgment." Donaldson's AgricuU. Biog. 
 
 Davis, Hugh. De Jure Uniformitatis Ecclesiastics 
 of the rights belong, to an unif. in Churches, Lon., 1669. 
 
 Davis, J. Exposition of the Laws rel. to the Medica! 
 Profession, Lon., 1844, Svo. 
 
 Davis, J. B., M.D. 1. Fever of Walcheren, Lon., 
 1810, Svo. 2. Hist, of Nice, 1807. 3. Bognor, 1807' 
 4. Asphyxies. 5. Project. 6. France, Ac., 1807, 2 vols 
 12mo. 
 
 DAV 
 
 Davis, J. C. B. Mass. Justice, Worcest., 1847, Svo. 
 Davis, Jo. Minucius Felix, cum Notis Jo. Davisii, 
 Glasg., 1750, 12mo. 
 
 Davis, John, d. 1605, a celebrated navigator, was a 
 native of Sandridge, Devonshire. Between 1585 and '87 
 he made three voyages for the discovery of a Northwest 
 passage. He discovered the strait which bears his name. 
 In 1571 he sailed with Cavendish in his voyage to the 
 South Sea, and subsequently made five voyages to the East 
 Indies as pilot. In the last he was killed by the Japanese 
 n the Strait of Malacca. A Traverse Book by J. D. in 
 1587. A Report of J. D. of his three voyages made for 
 he Discovery of the N. West Passage. Pub. by Hakluyt. 
 The World's Hydrographicall Description, Lon., 1595, Svo. 
 This very rare vol. was pub. by Davis himself. The Sea 
 men's Secrets, 1595, Svo, 1626 and 1657, 4to. See Hakluyt's 
 ollection of Voyages. 
 
 Davis, John. News from Ireland, Ac., Lon., 1642, 4to. 
 Davis, John. Theolog. treatises, Ac., 1652, '55. 
 Davis, John. Serm., 1814, Svo. 
 Davis, John. Travels of four and a half years in the 
 U. States, 1799-1802, Lon., 1803, Svo; 1817. Contains 
 some interesting facts relating to Pres. Jefferson, Col. Burr, 
 Ac. He pub. some other works. 
 
 " With more sincerity than is usual among travellers, he states 
 that he made his tour on foot, because he could not afford the ex 
 pense of a horse." Rich's Bibl. Amtr. Nova. 
 Davis, Sir John. See DAVIES. 
 Davis, John A. G., 1802-1840, a lawyer and professor, 
 born in Middlesex co., Virginia. Before the age of thirty 
 "he was appointed Law-Professor in the University of 
 Virginia, and filled that chair for ten years or longer. In 
 1839 he pub. a valuable Treatise on Criminal Law, and 
 Guide to Justices of the Peace, pp. 600, Svo. For gratuitous 
 circulation, a tract on Estates Tail Executory Devises, and 
 Contingent Remainders under the Virginia Statutes modi 
 fying the Common Law; and another tract against the 
 Constitutional right of Congress to pass laws expressly and 
 especially for the 'Protection' of Domestic Manufactures, 
 combating Mr. Madison's views upon that subject. In 
 Nov. 1840, Mr. Davis was shot with a pistol by a rioting 
 student, whom he, in obedience to the university -laws, was 
 endeavouring to arrest. After lingering for several days, 
 he died, leaving a widow and seven children." 
 
 Davis, John Ford, M.D. Carditis, Bath, 1808, 12mo. 
 Davis, Sir John Francis, Governor of Hong Kong, 
 formerly Her British Majesty's Chief Superintendent in 
 China. 1. The Chinese : a General Description of China 
 and its inhabitants, Lon., 1836, 2 vols. p. Svo. Several 
 edits., 1840, Ac. 
 
 " Mr. Davis resided twenty years at Canton, where he at length 
 rose to be chief of the factory; he accompanied Lord Amherst's 
 embassy to Pekin; and he ranks as one of the few Europeans who 
 have ever really mastered the language and literature of China. 
 We have a right, therefore, to consider the statements which he 
 has now submitted to the public as containing as full and correct 
 a view of this singular people, of their government, laws, and in 
 stitutions and, in short, of the whole frame of their society, as 
 the many difficulties with which the subject is beset will permit." 
 Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 "This is undoubtedly the best work on China in the English 
 language." McCuUocKs Lit. of Polit. Economy. 
 
 " My information is derived from Mr. Davis's able and lucid work 
 on China." DUKE OF WELLINGTON. 
 
 2. Chinese Moral Maxims, with Translations, Svo. 3. Chi 
 nese Novels, Svo. 4. The Massacre of Benares; a chapter 
 from British Indian History, fp. Svo. 
 
 " The whole of this spirit-stirring volume is well entitled to pe 
 rusal." Lon: Literary Gazette. 
 
 5. Sketches of China, 2 vols. p. Svo, 1841; and new ed. 
 6. China during the War and since the Peace, 1852, 2 vols. 
 p. Svo ; new ed., 1857, 2 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 The reader can perhaps learn as much of the Chinese from 
 these works as from any other volumes in the language. 
 Davis, Joseph. Last Legacy, Lon., 1707, 12mo. 
 Davis, Joseph. Digest of Legislative Enactments 
 relating to the Society of Friends, commonly called Quakers, 
 in England; with occasional Observations and Notes, Lon., 
 1820, 8vo; 2d ed., 1849, r. Svo. 
 Davis, M. Thoughts on Dancing, 1791, 12mo. 
 Davis, M. S. Case of Rev. C. Jones, N.York, 1813, Svo. 
 Davis, Mary Anne. Fables in Verse, 1813, 12mo. 
 Davis, Matthew L., of New York, d. 1850, aged 84. 
 Memoirs of Aaron Burr, N. York, 1837, '38, 2 vols. Svo. 
 The Private Journal of Aaron Burr, 1838, 2 vols. Svo. See 
 an obituary notice of Mr. Davis in Littell's Living Age, 
 xxvi. 217. 
 
 Davis, Richard. Auctio Davisiana Oxonii habita, 
 per Gul. Cooper A Ed. Millington, Bibliopol. Lond.,Lon., 
 1689, 4to. 
 " An excellent Latin poem." WOOD. ^ 
 
DAY 
 
 Davis, Richard. Gospel Light, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 Davis, Richard. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1693-1700. 
 
 Davis, Richard. Narrative of Facts, 1789, 8vo. 
 General View of the Agricult. of the county of Oxford, 
 Lon., 1794, 4to. 
 
 "This is a very meagre report, and was but little noticed." 
 Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Davis, Richard, 1649-1741, an Irish divine. 1. A 
 Letter to a Friend (who had become a R. Catholic) con 
 cerning his changing his Religion, Lon., 1694, 4to. 2. The 
 Truly Catholic and Old Religion, showing that the Esta 
 blished Church in Ireland is more truly a member of the 
 Catholic Church than the Church of Rome, and that all 
 the ancient Christians, especially in Great Britain and Ire 
 land, were of her Communion, Dublin, 1716, 4to. 3. A 
 Letter. 4. Remarks, 4to. 5. Serms., 1716, Svo; 1717, 4to. 
 
 Davis, Richard Bingham, 1771-1799, b. in the city 
 of New York. His Poems were collected after his death, 
 and pub. with a Memoir by John T. Irving, N. York, 1807. 
 
 Davis, Thomas. General View of the Agricult. of 
 the County of Wilts, Lon., 1794, 4to; 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Davis, Thomas. Poems, with an Introduction by 
 John Mitchell, N. York, 1856, 18mo. 
 
 Davis, Thomas A. Cosmogony; or, The Mysteries 
 of Creation, N. York, 1858, 8vo. 
 
 Davis, Rev. W. The Believer's Assurance of Salva 
 tion: Is it Attainable? ISmo. 
 
 Davis, Wm. See DAVIES. 
 
 Davis, Wm. Mathemat. treatises, Lon., 1798-1813. 
 
 Davis, Wm. An Olio of Bibliographical and Literary 
 Anecdotes, Lon., 1814, 12mo; and Memoranda original 
 and selected. A new edit, has been pub. A Journey round 
 the Library of a Bibliomaniac; or Cento of Notes and 
 Reminiscences concerning rare, curious, and valuable 
 Books, 1821, sm. 8vo. A Second Journey round the Li 
 brary of a Bibliomaniac, 1825, sm. 8vo. 
 
 Davis, Wm. The Acts of Congress in relation to the 
 District of Columbia from July, 1790, to March, 1831, Ac., 
 Wash., 1831, 8vo. 
 
 Davis, Wm. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1839, Ac. 
 
 Davison. Letter to Bowles; 10 Letters, 1803; refer 
 ring to the Nottingham Election. 
 
 Davison, Alex. Obs. on the Report of the Committee 
 on Military Inquiry, 1807, 8vo. 
 
 Davison, !>., M.D. Trans, of F. C. Schlosser's Hist, 
 of the 18th Century, and of the 19th till the Overthrow of 
 the French Empire, with particular reference to Mental 
 Cultivation and Progress, Lon., 1843-52, 8 vols. 8vo. This 
 work has been trans, into French and Dutch also. 
 
 " Schlosser is, as an historian, second to none of his contempora 
 ries. We possess in England no writer between whom and him 
 self it would not be mere irony to institute any comparison. Ranke 
 among German and Thierry among French historians may enter 
 the lists with him. In the depth and variety of his attainments, 
 and the range and compass of his view, he is superior to them, and 
 among modern writers, quite unrivalled." Westminster Review. 
 
 Davison, Francis, son of Wm. Davison, an eminent 
 statesman temp. Elizabeth. Poetical Rhapsody, Lon., 
 1602, '08, '11, '21. With a Preface by Sir E. Brydges, 
 1814-17, 3 vols. 8vo. With Memoirs and Notes by H. H. 
 Nicholas, 1826, cr. 8vo; 250 copies printed, best ed. This 
 excellent collection contains poems by Francis and Walter 
 Davidson, Sir John Davies, Sir Philip Sydney, Sir Walter 
 Raleigh, the Countess of Pembroke, Spenser, Sir H. Wot- 
 ton, Donne, Greene, and others. 
 
 " How say you, reader? Is not the above a glorious pageant of 
 poets? Does not the mere enumeration of them beget in thee a 
 longing to explore the pages which contain their bright thoughts 
 and tuneful lines?" 
 
 Davison, H., and Merivale, H. Reports in the 
 Q. B. and upon Writs of Error, &c.,1843/44,Lon.,1844,r. Svo. 
 
 Davison, Hilkiah. Serm., Lon., 1720, Svo. 
 
 Davison, John. Dr. Bancrofts Rashness in rayling 
 against the Ch. of Scot, noted, Edin.,'1590, 16ino. 
 
 Davison, John. Algebra, Lon., 1789, Svo. 
 
 Davison, John, 1777-1834, Prebendary of Worcester. 
 Discourses on Prophecy, Lon., 1824, Svo ; 5th ed.,0xf.,1845. 
 
 ' While the student is carried forward by the interest of critical 
 research, and his understanding enlightened by the wide and clear 
 views opened to him, his piety will not fail to be warmed, his faith 
 strengthened, and his best affections exalted and improved." 
 British Critic. 
 
 "Some useful remarks in this work, with much deep, serious, 
 and original thinking." Bickcrsteth's Christian Student. 
 
 Primitive Sacrifice, 1825, Svo. Baptismal Regeneration, 
 1844, Svo. Remains, and Occasional Publications. Oxf 
 1840, Svo. 
 
 Davison, Thomas. Serm., 1683, '88, 4to. 
 Davison,Wm.,M.D. Med. and chem. works, 1633-60. 
 Davisson, John. Prot. Minister's Mission, 1721. 
 
 DAY 
 
 Davors, Jo. Secrets of Angling, by J. D., supposed 
 to be the above, Lon., 1613, 12mo. Augmented by Wm. 
 Lauson, Lon., 1652. In Cens. Lit., 1811, and in 1812, 8vo. 
 This rare work is also ascribed to Davies, Donne, and 
 Dennys. See Blakey's Lit. of Angling, 1856, 311. 
 
 Davy, Charles. Trans, of Baurit's Journey to the 
 Glaciers in Savoy, Norw., 1775, Svo: in conjunction with F. 
 Davy. Letters upon Subjects of Lit., Lon., 1789, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 College Terms, 3d ed., 1824, 4 vols. 12mo; 1845, 2 vols. 
 12mo. Ruth ; an Oratorio. Balaam ; an Oratorio. 
 
 Davy, Chris. Architectural Precedents, Lon., 1840, 
 Svo. Artificial Foundations, 1841, Svo. 
 
 ' A sort of Chamber Council to be consulted with advantage by 
 all practical men." Lon. Mechanics' Mag. 
 
 Commended by the Civil Engineer's Jour., The Atlas, Ac. 
 
 Davy, Edm. Chem. con. to Phil. Trans., 1817. Phil. 
 Mag., 1817. 
 
 Davy, Henry. Views of Gentlemen's Seats. Archi 
 tectural Antiq. of Suffolk, 1827-46. 
 
 Davy, Henry. Landing of Rebels, Lon., 1643, 4to. 
 
 Davy, Sir Humphry, Bart, 1778-1829, was a na 
 tive of Penzance, Cornwall. After serving an apprentice 
 ship to a surgeon and apothecary, he became, at the age of 
 20, assistant to Dr. Beddoes in the Pneumatic Institution 
 at Bristol. In 1799 Dr. Beddoes pub. a work entitled Con 
 tributions to Physical and Medical Knowledge, principally 
 from the West of England. To this collection young Davy 
 contributed Essays on Heat, Light, Respiration, Gas, and 
 Colours. In 1803 he became a Fellow of the Royal So 
 ciety, in 1806 Secretary, and in 1820 President, of that 
 distinguished body. In 1812 he was married to Mrs. 
 Apreece, a lady of large fortune. In 1815-17 he contri 
 buted to Phil. Trans, the celebrated papers on the Miner's 
 Safety Lamp, for which useful invention the coal proprie 
 tors of the district of the Tyne and Wear presented him 
 with a service of plate worth 2000. In 1818, '19, he tra 
 velled in Italy, zealously pursuing his scientific investiga 
 tions, and during his absence was created a baronet. He 
 again travelled on the Continent in 1827, hoping to benefit 
 his impaired health, but he experienced only temporary 
 relief, and died of apoplexy at Geneva in 1829. For an 
 account of the brilliant discoveries of this distinguished 
 benefactor to science, we must refer the reader to the bio 
 graphies by his brother, Dr. John Davy, and Dr. Paris. In 
 additions to Six Discourses delivered before the Royal So 
 ciety at their Anniversary Meetings, he was the author of 
 more than fifty Treatises and Lectures upon subjects of 
 scientific investigation. He was also a poet as well as a 
 philosopher, and his powers as an essayist are displayed to 
 great advantage in his Consolations of Travel, and Days 
 of Fly Fishing. 
 
 "Had not Davy been the first chemist," remarked Coleridge to 
 Mr. Poole, " he probably would have been the first poet of his age." 
 
 "Who that has read his sublime quatrains on the doctrine of 
 Spinoza can doubt that he might have united, if he had pleased, 
 in some great didactic poem, the vigorous ratiocination of Dryden, 
 and the moral majesty of Wordsworth." LOCKHART. 
 
 Salmonia, or Days of Fly-Fishing. By an Angler, Lon., 
 1828, 12mo; 4th ed., 1851, fp. Svo. 
 
 " We are informed in the preface, that many months of severe 
 and dangerous illness have been partially occupied and amused 
 by the present treatise ; when the author was incapable of attending 
 to more useful studies or more serious pursuits. While we regret 
 that the current of scientific investigation, which has led to such 
 brilliant results, should be, for a moment, interrupted, we have here 
 an example, and a pleasing one, that the lightest pursuits of such 
 a man as our angler nay, the productions of those languid hours, 
 in which lassitude succeeds to pain, are more interesting and in 
 structive than the exertion of the talents of others whose mind 
 and body are in the fullest vigour illustrating the scriptural ex 
 pression that the gleaning of the grapes of Ephraim are better 
 than the vintage of Abiezer." Lon. Quar. Review, xxxviii. 503. 
 
 " This is a book on a very delightful subject, by a very distin 
 guished man. But although it is occasionally rather a pleasant 
 book than otherwise, it is not by any means worthy either of the 
 subject or the man the one being Angling, and the other Sir 
 Humphry Davy." PROF. WILSON : Blackwood's Mag., xxiv. 248. 
 
 Read this very amusing review. 
 
 " We have been greatly delighted with this work." ion. Monthly 
 Review. 
 
 " The work is of a very superior character, elaborately written, 
 full of most ingenious thoughts, with some passages of a great 
 beauty." Asiatic Journal. 
 
 Consolations in Travel, or the Last Days of a Philosopher, 
 Lon., 1830, Svo; 5th ed., 1851, fp. 8vo. 
 
 " Sir H. Davy has in this little work built up for himself a monu 
 ment, which indicates not, indeed, the extent and the vast advan 
 tages of his scientific research, but which exhibits the far more 
 interesting portrait of a man who holds in adequate estimation 
 the blessings of religion, and who endeavours to sustain it by the 
 suffrage of science, science so often a truant to this, the most im 
 portant interest of mankind." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 " Apart from the scientific value of the labours and researches 
 of Sir H. Davy, they are pervaded by a tone and temper, and an 
 
DAV 
 
 DAW 
 
 enthusiastic love of nature, which are as admirably expressed as 
 their influence is excellent." 
 
 Elements of Agricultural Chemistry, in a Course of Lec 
 tures to the Board of Agriculture, Lon., 1813, 4to ; 6th ed., 
 revised by John Davy, M.D., 1839, 8vo. By Shier, 1840; 
 new ed., 1850. 
 
 "Considering the ten years of research and meditation which 
 the author has bestowed on the subject, its execution has, on the 
 whole, lallen short of our expectations." Edin. Review, xxii. 280. 
 
 Read this review ; also one in the Lon. Quar. Rev., xi. 318. 
 
 " The book enjoyed some little popularity ; but scarcely added 
 any thing to our previous stock of knowledge. It was hailed as a 
 grand beginning; but nearly half a century has not shown any 
 advancement. And this deficiency may not be owing to any lack 
 of exertion, or remissness in using and connecting the knowledge 
 that exists on both sides; but from the impossible nature of the 
 employment that has been projected. Agriculture and chemistry 
 are connected in the single article of manures only ; the other uses 
 are very widely different/' Donaldson's Agricult. B'wg. 
 
 A collective edition of Sir Humphry's Works, with his 
 Life, was pub., Lon., 1839-40, 9 vols. 8vo, by his brother, 
 Dr. John Davy. Contents : Vol. I. Life. II. Early Mis 
 cellaneous Papers, 1799-1805. III. Researches concern 
 ing Nitrous Oxide, &c. IV. Elements of Chemical Phi 
 losophy. V. Bakerian Lectures. VI. Miscellaneous Papers 
 and Researches, 1815-28. VII., VIII. Agricultural Lec 
 tures. IX. Salmonia; Consolations of Travel. 
 
 " This collection, from its variety and interest, promises to be 
 one of the most valuable republications of oar time." Lon. Spect. 
 
 Dr. Davy's Memoir of his brother is commended as 
 
 "A worthy record of the life of our great philosopher, and 
 should be studied by the youth of England, that they may know 
 how mighty a power resides in the mind to conquer difficulties.'' 
 Britannia,. 
 
 " This biography is admirably written correct details, full of 
 instruction, and amusing throughout." Lon. Review. 
 
 Dr. Paris's Life of the philosopher, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo, has 
 been characterized as 
 
 " A durable monument to the memory of Sir Humphry Davy, 
 and to the talents of Dr. Paris." Lon. Gent. Mag. 
 
 * No one who reads this book, and studies the processes by which 
 Davy arrived at his grand results, will hesitate to place him in the 
 rank of immortal genius." Spectator. 
 
 It would be difficult to exaggerate the value of Sir Hum 
 phry's contributions to science. Whilst yet but a youth, 
 officiating as assistant to Dr. Beddoes, 
 
 " He discovered the remarkable action of nitrous oxide, or laugh 
 ing gas, on the system, and thus paved the way to the application 
 of those means now in use for alleviating pain in severe opera 
 tions. ... In 1806 he made the important discovery that the com 
 binations and decompositions by electricity are referable to the 
 law of electrical attraction sand repulsions, and thus demonstrated 
 the intimate connection between electricity and chemistry. His 
 most brilliant discovery was, however, that of. in 1807, the compo 
 sition of the alkalies, which he proved to be combinations of oxy 
 gen with metals. In 1810 he found chlorine to be a simple body, 
 in accordance with the view of Scheele, announced in the previous 
 century. His other discoveries were that of the Safety Lamp, ex 
 hibiting a fine example of inductive reasoning; and his mode of 
 preventing the corrosion of copper sheathing by the protecting in 
 fluence of zinc." R. DUNDAS THOMSON, M.D., &c., Prof, of Chemis 
 try, St. TJinmas's Hospital College, London. 
 
 I' Since the age of Sir Isaac Newton, the History of British 
 Science has recorded no discoveries of equal importance with 
 those of Sir Humphry Davy. The researches of Black, Priestley, 
 and Cavendish, however important in their results, were less bril 
 liant in their generalizations, less striking in their individual phe 
 nomena, less indicative of inventive talent, and less fruitful in 
 their practical applications. In placing Sir Humphry Davy, there 
 fore, at the head of the British Chemists, we cannot anticipate 
 an appeal from our decision; and if any dissenting voice, shall 
 be raised, it will proceed only from the sacred recesses of personal 
 esteem or family affection." Edinburgh Review, Ixiii. 101. 
 
 " Davy was the greatest chemical genius that ever appeared." 
 M. DUMAS. 
 
 " Mr. Davy, not yet thirty-two years of age, occupied, in the 
 opinion of all that could judge of such labours, the first rank 
 among the chemists of this or of any other age ; it remained for 
 him, by direct service rendered to society, to acquire a similar de 
 gree of reputation in the minds of the general public." Carter's 
 Eloge of Sir H. Davy. 
 
 Davy. John* Serm. on the death of Prince Georee, 
 1708. 
 
 Davy, John, M.D., brother of Sir Humphry. Ac 
 count of the Interior of Ceylon, Lon., 1821, 4to. 
 
 " This is an excellent work, though like many other works of 
 excellence, too bulky; its chief and peculiar merit and recom 
 mendation consists in its details on the natural history of Cey 
 lon." Stevenson's Voyages and Travels. 
 
 Researches, Physiological and Anatomical, 1839, 2 vols. 
 8vo. Notes and Observations on the Ionian Islands and 
 Malta, &c., 1842, 2 vols. 8ro. 
 
 <; Dr. Davy's work deserves to be bought as well as perused, so 
 carefully, completely, and extensively has it been got up. We 
 trust that the consciousness of having discharged such an import 
 ant duty will not be the only result of his long labour, but that 
 the work will prove as remunerative as it ought to be." Westmin 
 ster Review. 
 
 Lectures on the Study of Chemistry, in Connection with 
 
 the Atmosphere, the Earth, and the Ocean ; and Discourses 
 on Agriculture, 1849, 12mo. 
 
 "We have great pleasure in recommending this volume as an 
 excellent popular introduction to chemical studies." Lon. Medi 
 cal Gazette. 
 
 For notices of Dr. Davy's Memoirs of his distinguished 
 brother, edit, of his works, <fcc., see preceding article. 
 
 Davy, John, d. 1824, a musical composer, wrote some 
 dramatic compositions. His best-known song is Just like 
 Love is yonder Rose. 
 
 Davy, Michael. Tale of a Tub, Lon., 1674, fol. 
 
 Davy, Win., d. 1826, curate of Lustleigh, <fcc. Sys 
 tem of Divinity, Exeter, 1785, 6 vols. 12mo ; 1825, 2 vols. 
 8vo; 1827, 3 vols. 8vo. System of Divinity, Lustleigh, 
 1796-1807, 26 vols. 8vo ; 14 copies only, which were printed 
 and bound by the author himself. Highly commended by 
 the Bishops of London, Durham, Bristol, and Norwich. 
 
 " In persevering industry, you are without a rival. In theologi 
 cal knowledge there are not many who equal you, and the selec 
 tions and arrangement of your work appear to me judicious." 
 Bp. of Norwich, in a Letter to Rev. W. Davy. 
 
 Davyes, Hatton. Serm. on Ephes. iv. 14, 1708, 4to. 
 
 Davyes, Thomas. The Tenth Worthy, or several 
 Anagrams on the name of that Worthy of Worthies, Oli 
 ver Cromwell, 1658, fol. 
 
 Davys, Sir John. See DAVIES. 
 
 Davys, John. Art of Decyphering, 1737, 4to. 
 
 Davys, Mrs. Mary. Works ; consisting of Plays, No 
 vels, Poems, and Familiar Letters, Lon., 1726, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "She was a correspondent of Dean Swift; and thirty-six letters 
 from him to her and her husband were, a few years ago, in the 
 hands of Dr. Ewen of Cambridge." Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Dawbeny, H. Historic, <fec., rel. to Cromwell, 1659,8vo. 
 
 Dawborn,Mrs. 1. Nursing. 2. Assistant, 1805, '06. 
 
 Dawe, George, d. 1829, an English painter, of whom 
 some account will be found in the Essays of Charles Lamb. 
 The Life of George Morland ; with Remarks on his Works, 
 1807, 8vo. 
 
 Dawe's, Jack, Prognostication for the Year 1623, 
 or Vox Graculi, 4to. This rare pamphlet was sold for 
 5 9s. at the Gordonstoun sale. 
 
 Dawes. Four Serms., 1773, 8vo. 
 
 Dawes, John. Admeasurement, 1797, 12mo. 
 
 Dawes, Lancelot, 1580-1633. Serms., 1614-33. 
 
 Dawes, M. Serms., 1763. Phil. Considerations, 1780. 
 
 Dawes, Matt. Crimes and Punishments, Lon., 1782. 
 Real Estates, 1814. Landed Property, 1818. Arrests, 
 1787. Other works. 
 
 Dawes, Richard, 1708-1766, was educated at, and 
 became Fellow of, Emanuel College, Cambridge. He was 
 eminent for his critical knowledge of the Greek tongue, 
 which proficiency he perhaps over-estimated. He seems 
 to have been jealous of Dr. Bentley, and was guilty of the 
 absurdity of declaring that the doctor 
 
 " Nihil in Graecis cognovisse nisi ex indicibus petititum." 
 
 In 1745 Dawes pub. his Miscellanea Critica, Cambridge, 
 8vo ; new edit, by Bishop Burgess, Oxon., 1781 ; by Kidd, 
 Canta,b., 1817. 
 
 " Second only to Bentley's Phalaris." PORSON. 
 
 " A work displaying considerable ingenuity and erudition." 
 Ian. Quar. Rev. 
 
 Abroad it was highly commended by Valkener, Pierson, 
 Koen, and Reiske. There is no doubt of the value of this 
 work, especially with the improvements of the latter edits. ; 
 but the authority of Dawes is by no means so great as it 
 was for some twenty years after the publication of his 
 canons. He has been proved to be often wrong, and an 
 erring dogmatist meets with but little mercy. 
 
 Dawes, Rufus, b. 1803, in Boston, is the son of Judge 
 Thomas Dawes, whose name is enrolled among the poets 
 of America. In 1830 Rufus Dawes pub. The Valley of the 
 Nashaway and other Poems, and in 1839 Athenia of Da 
 mascus, Geraldine, and his miscellaneous poetical works. 
 Nix's Mate, an historical romance, appeared in 1840. For 
 specimens of Mr. Dawes's poetry, see Griswold's Poets and 
 Poetry of America. 
 
 Dawes, Sir Thos. Title to certain Lands, 1654, fol. 
 
 Dawes, Thomas, 1757-1825, father of Rufus Dawes, 
 was Judge of the Municipal Court of Boston, and Judge 
 of Probate. He pub. some poetical compositions see 
 Kettell's Specimens of American Poetry an Oration on the 
 Boston Massacre, and an Oration on the 4th of July, 1787. 
 
 Dawes, Wm. Disp. Med. de Variolis, Lyons, 1680, 4to. 
 
 Dawes, Sir Wm., 1671-1724, a native of Essex, was 
 educated at St. John's College, Oxford, and Catherine Hall, 
 Cambridge; Master of Catherine Hall, 1696; Bishop of 
 Chester, 1707 ; Archbishop of York, 1714. An Anatomy 
 of Atheism; a Poem, Lon., 1693, 4to. Serms. pub. sepa 
 rately, 1707-13. Whole Works, with a Life, 1733, 3 vols. 
 
DAW 
 
 DAY 
 
 8vo. Sir Wm. was one of the most popular preachers of 
 his day. 
 
 "Dawes's sermons are plain and unaffected, and adapted to 
 every comprehension." Willford's Memorials. 
 
 Dawkes, Thomas. Medical treatises, 1736, '44, '47- 
 
 Dawne, Derby, M.D. Health; aPoem,Lon.,1724,8vo. 
 
 Dawney, Benj. Crit. Remarks upon the Epistles, 
 York, 1735, 8vo. See Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Dawson. Paroch. Clergyman's Duty, 1716, 8vo. 
 
 Dawson. Appeal in defence of Christianity, 1733. 
 
 Dawson, Rev. Abraham. Trans, of portions of 
 Genesis, 1763, '72, '86, 4to. 
 
 " In some passages he improves upon the common translation ; 
 but on the whole his works add nothing of great importance to 
 our biblical apparatus." Orwe's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Dawson, Ambrose, M.D. Profess, -works, 1744-78. 
 
 Dawson, Benj., Rector of Burgh, d. 1814, aged 85. 
 He pub. some works on the " Confessional Controversy," 
 and other treatises, sermons, Ac., 1767-1806. The Neces 
 sitarian, 1783, 8vo. Now very rare. Philologia Anglica ; 
 or a philological and synonymical Dictionary of the Eng 
 lish Language, Lon., 1806, 4to. 
 
 " A very operose specimen of what may be termed an annotated 
 edition of Dr. Johnson's Dictionary. The design is to strike out 
 the superfluities of Johnson, to correct his errors, to amend his 
 definitions, to vary his examples, and to supply his omissions." 
 DR. DRAKE. 
 
 Dawson, Birket. Serm., 1802, 8vo. 
 
 Dawson, Charles. Analysis of Musical Composi 
 tion, Lon., 1845, 12mo. Elements of Music, 1844, 12mo. 
 
 " Teachers of music will find a library of useful knowledge in 
 Mr. Dawson' s well-digested compendium; and we heartily recom 
 mend it as a class-book to all engaged in the task of musical in 
 struction." Musical Review, April 13, 1844. 
 
 Dawson, Eli. Serm., 1760, 4to. 
 
 Dawson, G. Pearson, M.D. Walcheren Diseases, 
 1810. A Nosological Practice of Physic, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 "This volume contains, we will venture to say. more correct 
 pathology and sound practice than any systematic work of the same 
 size in the English language." JohnsQn'sMed.-Chirurg. Review. 
 
 Dawson, George. OrigoLegum; or a Treatise of the 
 Origin of Laws, and their obliging power, Lon. 1694, fol. 
 
 Dawson, Rev. George, b. 1821, in London, has be 
 come distinguished as a literary lecturer. Several articles 
 which appeared in the Birmingham Mercury were attri 
 buted to his pen. See Gilfillan's Second Gallery of 
 Literary Portraits. 
 
 Dawson, Henry. Serm., 1777, 12mo. 
 
 Dawson, J. H. Law rel. to Attornies, Ac., Lon., 1830. 
 
 Dawson, John. Eighteen Serms., Lon., 1642, 4to. 
 
 Dawson, John. Small Pox, <fcc., 1781, '85. 
 
 Dawson, John. Serm., 1791, 8vo. 
 
 Dawsou, John. Lexicon Novi Testament!, Lon., 
 1709, 8vo. Also pub. in Greek and English by W. C. Tay 
 lor, 1831, 8vo. 
 
 Dawson, John,1734-1820,an eminent mathematician, 
 had controversies with Emerson, Stewart, and Wildbore. 
 
 Dawson, Thos. The Good Husiuve's Jewell. In two 
 parts, Lon., 1596, '97, 16mo. 
 
 Dawson, Thomas. Memoirs of St. George, the Eng 
 lish Patron ; and of the Order of the Garter, Lon., 1714, 8vo. 
 
 Dawson, Thomas. Dissertations on Biblical Sub 
 jects, Lon., 1727, 8vo. 
 
 " It is not a book of much importance." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Dawson, Thomas, M.D. Profess, treatises, 1744, '82. 
 
 Dawson, W. C. Laws of Georgia, 1831, 4to. 
 
 Dawson, Wm. Serm. on Phil. iv. 13, 8vo. 
 
 Dawson, Wm. Atheist; a Phil. Poem, 1723, 4to. 
 
 Dawson, Wm. Poetry of Nations, 1814, 8vo. 
 Dax, Thomas. Offices of the Masters, Lon., 1844, 
 12mo. Other legal treatises. 
 
 Day. Report for Committee of Survey H. Commons, 
 and a Charge to the Grand Jury of the county of Dublin. 
 Day, Angel. English Secretorie, Lon., 1586, 4to. 
 Day, Charles W. Five Years in the West Indies, 
 Lon., 2 vols. 
 
 " It would be unjust to deny the vigour, brilliancy, and varied 
 interest of this work, the abundant stores of anecdote and inte 
 rest, and the copious detail of local habits and peculiarities in each 
 island visited in succession." ion. Globe. 
 
 Day, G. E. Diseases of Old Age, <fcc., Lon., 1848, 8vo. 
 Amer. ed., Phil., 1849, 8vo. 
 Day, Harry. Stock Companies, 1808, 8vo. 
 Day, Henry. Serm., 1696, 4to. 
 
 ^ P ay ' J!oo ni T, N *' b> 1808 ' in Conn ecticut, grad. at Yale 
 College, 1828; Prof, of Rhetoric at Western Reserve Col 
 lege, 1840. Artbf Elocution. Art of Rhetoric, 1850, 12mo. 
 
 "I am now using it, with very great satisfaction, in the instruc 
 tion of my classes." JOHN W. PRATT, Prof, of Rhetoric in the. Uni 
 versity of Alabama. 
 
 Prof. Day has contributed to numerous journals. 
 
 Day, Henry T. Serms. at Mendlesham, Lon., 1838, 
 12mo. Algersife and other Poems, 1838, 12mo. 
 
 Day, J. Stories for the Young, 1807, 12mo. 
 
 Day, James. Divine Poetrie, Lon., 1637, 4to. 
 
 Day, Jeremiah, LL.D., late President of Yale Col 
 lege, was born in Washington, Connecticut, August 3, 1773. 
 Author of Introduction to Algebra for the Use of Colleges. 
 A Course of Mathematics for Colleges, embracing the fol 
 lowing works: Principles of Plane Trigonometry, Mensu 
 ration, Navigation, and Surveying. These works have 
 been extensively used in the Colleges throughout the U. S. 
 Inquiry Respecting Contingent Volition, 12mo. Exami 
 nation of Edwards on the Will, 12mo. 
 
 Day, Rev. John, 1566-1627, son of John Day, the 
 famous English printer. Twelve Serms., 1615, 4to. Con- 
 ciones ad Clerum, Oxf., 1612, '15. Day's Dyall; 12 Lec 
 tures, 1614. Comm. on the first 8 Psalms of David, 1620, 4to. 
 
 Day, John, of Caius College, Cambridge. The Isle 
 of Guls, Lon., 1606, 4to; 1633. Travels of the three bro 
 thers Shirley, 1607, 4to. Law Nicks, 1608, 4to. Humour 
 out of Breath; a Comedy, 1608, 4to. The Parliament of 
 Bees, 1640, 4to. The Blind Beggar of Bednal Green, 1659, 
 4to. Vindication of John Day, 1646, 4to. 
 
 " A flourishing poet and comedian of his time." WOOD. Se 
 Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Day, Joseph. Exam, of Attornies, <fcc., Lon., 1795, 4to. 
 
 Day, Rev. Lionel, son of John Day, the famous Eng 
 lish printer. Concio ad Clerum, Oxon., 1632, fol. 
 
 Day, Martha, 1813-1833, was a daughter of President 
 Day of Yale College. She attained great proficiency in 
 mathematics and the languages, and wrote poetry of un 
 common merit. A collection of her Literary Remains, with 
 Memorials of her Life and Character, was pub. at New Ha 
 ven by Prof. Kingsley. 
 
 " Her poems were buds of promise, which justified the anticipv 
 tions that were entertained of her eminence in literature." Gris- 
 wolcPs Female. Pbets of America. 
 
 Day, Martin, "that learned and judicious divine." 
 22 Serms., Lon., 1632, 4to. Some of his serms. are in the 
 collection entitled The House of Mourning, 1660, fol. 
 
 Day, Matthew. Excerpta in sex priores libros Homeri 
 Iliados, Lon., 1652, 12mo. 
 
 Day, Rev. Richard, son of John Day, the famous 
 English printer, was also a printer as well as a clergyman. 
 He wrote some verses, Contra Papistos Incendiaros, in 
 Fox's Martyrology, 1576 ; and trans. Fox's De Christo tri- 
 umphante Comaedia, to which he wrote a preface and two 
 dedications. The father of the three clergymen just no 
 ticed John Day contributed essentially to the promotion 
 of the English Reformation by his editions of the Bible, 
 Fox's Martyrs, Ascham's and other works. 
 
 " As a printer, Richard Day justly merits the honour of attempt 
 ing a general reform in the distinct use of the letters J and i, v, 
 and u, which he observed in P. Baro's Treatises, De Fide, &c." 
 
 Day, Richard. Petition to Parliament, 1652, 4to. 
 
 Day, Hon. Robert. Free Thoughts, in Defence of 
 a Future State, Lon., 1700, 8vo. 
 
 Day, Robert. Serm., 1779, 8vo. 
 
 Day, Samuel Phillips, formerly a monk of the or 
 der of the Presentation. Monastic Institutions; their ori 
 gin, progress, nature, and tendency, Lon., 1844, fp. 8vo; 
 2d ed., 1846. Life in a Convent, 1848, 12mo. 
 
 Day, Thomas, 1748-1789, a philanthropist, poet, and 
 political writer. The Dying Negro, 1773; in conjunction 
 with Mr. Bicknell; intended to promote the abolition of 
 slavery. The Devoted Legions ; a Poem against the war 
 with America, 1776. The Desolation of America; a Poem, 
 1777. Letters of Marius, 1784, 8vo. Reflections on the 
 Present State of England and the Independence of Ame 
 rica, 1782, 8vo. 
 
 "From the inflexible spirit of the Americans, and their deter 
 mined resolution to be free, Mr. Day gives it as his opinion that 
 America ought to be declared independent. lie conceives that 
 great advantages will result from this measure, and his reasonings 
 are solid and well supported. He affirms that England ought to 
 yield with magnanimity what she cannot withhold by arms." 
 Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 History of Sandford and Merton, 1783-89, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 This is a deservedly popular work. It was trans, into 
 French by M. Berquin. History of Little Jack. Other 
 publications. See Account of his Life and Writings by 
 James Keir, Lon., 1791, 8vo. 
 
 "The pool of mercenary and time-serving ethics was first blown 
 over by the fresh country breeze of Mr. Day's Sandford and Mer 
 ton, a production that I well remember, and shall ever be grateful 
 for. ... It assisted the cheerfulness I inherited from my father; 
 showed me that circumstances were not a check to a healthy gayety , 
 or the most masculine self-respect; and helped to supply me with 
 a resolution of standing by a principle, not merely as a point of 
 lowly or lofty sacrifice, but as a matter of common sense and duty, 
 and a simple co-operation with the elements of natural warfare." 
 LEIGH HUNT. 
 
DAY 
 
 DEC 
 
 Day, Thomas. Medical treatises, 1772, '85. 
 Day, Hon. Thomas, 1777-1855, a native of Con 
 necticut. Reports of Cases, <fcc. Supreme Court of Errors 
 of Conn. 1814 to '28 inc., 6 vols. 8vo. A Digest of Re 
 ported Cases of Sup. Court of Errors of Conn, from 1786 
 to 1829, 8vo. His vols. of Reports amount to 26, besides 
 Digests to most of the series. He also edited several Eng 
 lish law-works, in all about 40 vols. 
 
 Day, Valentine. Serm., Lon., 1818, 8vo. 
 Day, Wm. 1. Isaiah. 2. Romans, 1654, '66. 
 Day, Win. Man's Destruction, Lon., 1713, 12mo. 
 Day, Wm. The Shepherd's Boy : Pastoral Tales, 1804. 
 Day, Wm. Slavery in America Shown to be Peculiarly 
 Abominable, Lon., 1841, 8vo. Punctuation Reduced to a 
 System ; 6th ed., 1853, 18mo. 
 
 " Mr. Day has laboured with success; and his little book should 
 be read attentively." The Critic. 
 Daye, Eliza. Poems, 1798, 8vo. 
 Daye, James. Serms., 1752, 4to. 
 Dayes, Edward. Works, Lon., 1805, 4to. Contains 
 an excursion through Derbyshire and Yorkshire, with notes 
 by E. W. Brayley; essays on painting; instructions for 
 drawing and colouring, and professional sketches of modern 
 artists. 
 
 Dayrell, Richard, D.D. Serm., 1759, 4to. 
 Deacon, Aug. Elements of Perspec.Drawing,1841,8vo. 
 " A well-reasoned and clearly-written pamphlet." Lon. Exam. 
 Deacon, D. D., Jr. Poems, Chesterf., 1790, 4to. 
 Deacon, E.E. Game Laws, Lon., 1831, 8vo. L. and 
 P. of Bankruptcy, 2d ed., 1846, 2 vols. 8vo. Crim. Law, 
 1836, 2 vols. Svo. Cases in Bankruptcy, 1837-41, 4 vols. 
 r. Svo. Guide to Magis., 1843, 2 vols. Svo. Deacon, E. E., 
 and Chitty, Ed., Reports in Bankruptcy, 1833-37, 4 vols. 
 Deacon, H. Treat, on the V. Disease, 1789, Svo. 
 Deacon, John. Godlie Serm., Lon., 1586, Svo. 
 Deacon, John. Tobacco tortured in the filthy Fumes 
 of Tobacco refined, Lon., 1616, 4to. Treatise of the Flux, 
 1657, 12mo. 
 
 Deacon, John. Theolog. treatises. Discourses of 
 Spirits and Devils, by John Duncan and John Walker, 
 1601, 4to. 
 
 Deacon, John. Charge and Sermon, 1786, Svo. 
 Deacon, John. Hymns and Psalms, 1801, ISmo. 
 Deacon, Thomas. Theolog. publications, Lon v 
 1734-48. 
 
 Deacon, W. F. Annette; a Tale; with a memoir of 
 the author by Hon. Sir T. N. Talfourd, Lon., 1853, 3 vols. 
 " It has enough in it of life and interest to keep it for some years 
 to come in request." Lon. Examiner. 
 
 Deacon, Wm. Justification by Faith, 1794, 4to. 
 Deacon, Wm. Stage Waggons, <fcc., 1807. 
 Deakin, Richard, M.D. Florigraphia Britannica, 
 Lon.. 1837-41, 4 vols. Svo. 
 Dealtry, R. B. Serm., 1782, 4to. 
 Dealtry? Robt. Monody; Elegy, 1809, 4to. 
 Dealtry, Wm., 1775-1847, Archdeacon of Surrey. 
 Fluxions, 1810, Svo; 1816. See Quart. Rev. Serms., &c., 
 1810-46. 
 
 Dean, Amos, b. 1803. Lectures on Phrenology, 8vo, 
 pp. 252, 1835. Philosophy of Human Life, Svo, pp. 300, 
 1S39. Manual of Law, Albany, 1S38, Svo. Principles of 
 Medical Jurisprudence, Albany, 1850, pp. 664, Svo. 
 
 " The design appears to have been well executed." Amer. Law 
 Journal. 
 
 " Whatever may be deficient in the work of Dr. Beck, will be 
 found amply supplied in the one of which the title is placed at the 
 head of this article." U. S. Law Mag. 
 
 See also Western Law Journal and The Law Reporter. 
 Dean, G. A. Construction of Farm Buildings and 
 Labourers' Cottages, Lon., 1850, r. Svo. 
 
 " This work is on an extensive and improved scale, and its merit 
 is very considerable." Donaldson's Agrictdt. Biog. 
 
 Dean, John. Legerdemain, Lon., 1622, 12mo. 
 Dean, John. His Sufferings, Ac., Lon., 1711, Svo. 
 Falsification of the above by Chris. Longman, N. Miller, 
 and G. White, 1711, 8vo. 
 
 Dean, John. Account of Ship Sussex, 1740, Svo. 
 Dean, Rev. Rd. Future Life of Brutes, 1768, 2 vols. 
 Dean, S. Swedenborg's writings, 1802. Serms., 1795. 
 Deane, Edmond, b. 1572. Spadacrene Anglica, or 
 the English Spa-Fontaine, Lon., 1626, 4to. 
 
 " A learned and ingenious treatise." BISHOP NICOLSON 
 Admiranda Chymica, Frankf., 1630, Svo. On Harrow- 
 gate Water, York, 1654, Svo. 
 
 Deaue, Henry. Letter to Bp. of Salisb., 1845, Svo. 
 Deane, Rev. J. Serpent- Worship, Lon., 1832, 4to. 
 Deane, John. Letter from Moscow, Lon., 1699, fol. 
 Deane, Richard. Baptism, Lon., 1693, 12mo. 
 Deane, Sanil., D.D., minister of Portland, Maine, d. 
 
 1814, aged about 73. New England Farmer, or Georgical 
 Diet., 2d ed., 1797, 8vo. Serms., 1794, '95. 
 
 Deane, Silas, d. 1789, minister of the U. States to 
 France. Address to the Independent Citizens of the U. 
 States. Letters to Hon. Robt. Morris, New London, 1784, 
 sm. 4to ; Lon., 8vo. Deane's vindication from alleged mis 
 management of the public funds will be found here. The 
 New London ed. contains matter not in the London ed. 
 Deane's intercepted Letters to his brother and others were 
 pub. in 1782. He died in great poverty at Deal in Eng 
 land. See Warren's Amer. Rev. ; Marshall; Gordon. 
 
 Dearborn, Gen. Henry Alexander Scammell, 
 1783-1851, b. at Exeter, N.H., son of Gen. Dearborn, of 
 the American Revolution. 1. Memoir on the Commerce 
 of the Black Sea, Boston, 1819, 2 vols. Svo, and 1 vol. 4to 
 of Maps. 2. Letters on the Internal Improvements and 
 Commerce of the West, 1839, Svo. 3. Biography of Com 
 modore Bainbridge. 4. Memoir of his Father. He left 
 in MS. A Diary in 45 vols., a Memoir of his Father-in- 
 law, Col. Wm. R. Lee, and a History of the Battle of 
 Bunker's Hill. 
 
 Deare, James. Trans, of Virgil's Georgics, 1808. % 
 
 Dearing, or Deering, Sir Edward, was first a re 
 publican, subsequently a zealous supporter of K. Chas. I. 
 Collection of Speeches in matters of Religion, Lon., 1642, 
 4to. Character of Maria, his late lady, 1601, Svo. Some 
 of his speeches, <fec. were pub. separately, 164144. 
 
 Dearie, Edw. Sure Guide for Youth, 1791, Svo. 
 
 Dearn, T. D. W. Works on Architecture, 1807, '09, 
 '11, '21. Hist. Topog., and Descrip. Account of the Weald 
 of Kent, 1814, Svo. 
 
 Dearsly, H. R. Drainage Act, 10 and 11 Viet., Lon.. 
 1847, 12mo. Law of Banks and Bankers, with Charter', 
 Ac. of Bk. of Eng. 
 
 Deas, Geo., and Jas. Anderson. Cases decided 
 in Ct. of Session, Jury Ct., and H. Ct. of Just., 1829-32, 
 Edin., 1829-33, 5 vols. Svo. 
 
 Dease, Wm. Med. treatises, Dubl., and Lon., 1776-86. 
 
 Deason, T. Serm. on Death, 1799, Svo. 
 
 Deason, Wm. See DEACON. 
 
 Debary, Rev. Thos. Notes of a Residence in tb 
 Canary Islands, the South of Spain, and Algiers, Lon,. 
 1851, 12mo. 
 
 Debdin, Waldron. Compendious Hist, of the Eng 
 lish Stage, 1800. 
 
 Debenham, Thos. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1751. 
 
 Debords, Lewis. Serm., 1723, Svo. 
 
 De Bow, James D. B., was born in Charleston, 
 S.C., 1820; graduated at Charleston Coll., 1842; removed 
 to New Orleans, 1845. Professor of Political Economy 
 and Statistics in the University of Louisiana, 1847. Edited 
 the Southern Quarterly Review, 1843-45. Originated De 
 Bow's Monthly Review at New Orleans, 1846, which he still 
 conducts. Author of Industrial Resources and Statistics 
 of the Southern and Western States, 1853, 3 vols. Svo. Two 
 years Superintendent of the United States Census at Wash 
 ington. Compiled 3 vols. of the Statistics, the quarto edi 
 tion, and the Compendium of the Census, 1854. Also the 
 volume of Mortality, Statistics, &c. 
 
 Debraw, John. Sex of Bees, Lon., 1777, 8vo. 
 
 Debrett, John. New Foundling Hospital, Lon., 1784, 
 12ino. State Papers, 1791-1803 ; pub. in 11 vols. Svo. Par 
 liamentary Papers, 1797, 3 vols. Svo. New Baronetage of 
 England, 1803, 2 vols. ISmo; new ed. by G. W. Collen, 
 1840, Svo. Peerage of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 
 Lon., 1809, 2 vols. 12mo; 16th ed., 1826; newed.byG. W. 
 Collen, 1849, r. Svo. Asylum for Fugitive Pieces in Prose 
 and Verse, 4 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Decan. Latin Syllables, Lon., 1784, Svo. 
 
 De Charms, Richard, b. 1796, at Philadelphia, a 
 Swedenborgian divine, has contributed to the literature of 
 his Church, and edited several of its periodicals. He is 
 the author of The New Churchman Extra, Sermons, Lec 
 tures, <fcc. 
 
 De Chemant, D. Artificial Teeth, 1798. 
 
 Decker, Sir Matthew, an English merchant. Causes 
 of the Decline of the Foreign Trade, Lon., 1744, 4to ; Edin., 
 1756, 12mo. Considerations on High Duties, Lon., 1743, 
 8vo. Fauquier ascribes the first tract to a Mr. Ricfcardson. 
 See McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Economy. Sir M. D.'s 
 Scheme for a Tax on Houses laid open, 1757, Svo. 
 
 Decker, P. Chinese Architecture, Lon., 1795, 4to. 
 
 Decker, Dekkar, Derkar, or Dekker, Thomas, 
 acquired some celebrity among the wits of the reign of 
 James I. as a writer of plays and tracts upon the vices and 
 customs of the age. He wrote plays in conjunction with 
 Webster, Rowley, Ford, and Jonson. It chanced, how- 
 
DEC 
 
 ever, that " Rare Ben" quarrelled with him, and, it was sup 
 posed, went so far as to ridicule him under the character 
 of Crispinus in the "Poetaster." But Mr. Gilchrist has 
 proved that Marston was intended by this personage. How- I 
 ever, Decker displayed Jonson to the amusement of the J 
 town, in his piece of Satiro-Mastik, or the Untrussing of [ 
 the humourous Poet. Ben here figures as Horace Junior j 
 he had assumed the name of Horace and his allusions i 
 to Decker's ill-favoured visage are thus repaid : 
 
 "You staring Leviathan! look on the sweet visage of Horace: i 
 look, parboiled lace : look he has not his face puncht full of eylet \ 
 holes, like the cover of a warming pan!" 
 
 Jonson replied in an address to the Reader introduced 
 in the 4to ed. of his play, styling Decker The Untrusser. ', 
 
 Decker's plays amount to twenty-eight, and his tracts to J 
 about five-and-twenty. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; Drake's j 
 Shakspeare and his Times ; Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry ; 
 Bibl. Anglo-Poet. ; Collier's Hist, of Eng. Dramat. Poet. 
 His best-known plays are Fortunatus, or the Wishing Cap ; 
 and The Honest Whore; and his best-known tract is The 
 Gull's Horn Book, of which a new ed. was pub. in 1812, 
 ^Bristol, 4to, edited by Dr. Nott. 
 
 " His ' Gul's Home Booke, or fashions to please all sorts of Guls,' 
 first printed in 1609, exhibits a very curious, minute, and interest 
 ing picture of the manners and habits of the middle class of so 
 ciety, and on this account will be hereafter frequently referred to 
 in these pages." Drake's Shakspeare and his Times. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott draws largely from the Gull's Horn 
 Book, in his description of London life, in The Fortunes 
 of Nigel. Decker is supposed to have died about 1639. 
 
 De Clarovade, E. Watchman's Alarm, or the Bur 
 den of England, Ireland, and Scotland, Lon., 1646, 4to. 
 
 De Clifford, Lord. Letter to Electors, 1790, 8vo. 
 
 De Coetlogon, Charles E., an English Calvinist 
 divine of French descent, d. 1820. Sermons, Ac., Lon., 
 1776-1818. 
 
 "The matter of his discourses was replete with ingenious illus 
 tration, sound argument, and pointed application." Middleton's 
 Ecclesiastical Memoirs. 
 
 De Coetlogon, Dennis, M.D. Profess, and other 
 publications, Lon. 1739-46. Universal Diet, of Arts and 
 Sciences, Lon., 1745, 2 vols. fol. 
 
 De Coignet, P. Refut. of Cotton's Letter for the 
 Jesuits' killing of kings, 1611. 
 
 De Courcy, Richard, Vicar of St. Alkmond, d. 1803. 
 Theolog. treatises, 1776-1810. 
 
 " His sermons were in language dignified, in reasoning perspi 
 cuous, embellished by apposite allusions, and ornamented with 
 many of the graces of oratory." Lon. Gent. Mag. 
 
 De Crespigny, Caroline. Visions of Great Men 
 and other Poems, Lon., 12mo. Enchanted Rose, from 
 Bchultz, 1844, p. 8vo. My Souvenir ; or Poems and Trans 
 lations, 1844. 8vo. 
 
 " She appears to have resided long abroad, and to have caught 
 something of the earnest and profound, yet mystical, feeling that 
 pervades the poetry of Germany." Britannia. 
 
 De Crespigny, Mrs. Champion. The Poor Sol 
 dier; inscribed to Mrs. C., Lon., 1789, 4to. Letters of 
 Advice, 1803, 8vo. Monody on the Death of Lord C., 1810. 
 
 Dede, James. English Botanist's P. Companion, 
 1809. 
 
 Dee, Arthur, son of the famous John Dee, was phy 
 sician to Charles I. Fasciculus Chymicus, Ac., 1631, 12mo, 
 trans, into English by James Hasolle, [i. e. Elias Ashmole,] 
 1650, 12mo. See ASHMOLE, ELIAS. 
 
 Dee, John, 1527-1608, was one of the most remark 
 able characters of a remarkable age. His genius was of 
 so comprehensive a description, that he could alternately 
 devote his attention to the speculations of philosophy, the 
 lessons of divinity, the problems of mathematics, the ex 
 periments of chemistry, the mysteries of astrology, and the 
 incantations of magic. When only 15, he was, he tells us, 
 " meetly well furnished with understanding of the Latin 
 tongue," and entering St. John's College, Cambridge, " I 
 was so vehemently bent to study, that for these years 
 [1543-45] I did inviolably keep this order: only to sleep 
 four hours every night; to allow to meat and drink, and 
 some refreshments after, two hours every day; and of the 
 other eighteen hours, all, except the time of going to, and 
 being at, the divine-Service, was spent in my studies and 
 learning." 
 
 In 1547 he visited Flanders, and on his return was made 
 Fellow of Trinity College. His devotion to astronomy 
 drew upon him the suspicion of being a reader of the stars, 
 and he found it expedient to return to the University of 
 Louvain, where he became highly distinguished. He sub 
 sequently visited Paris, and delivered lectures upon Eu 
 clid, which gave so much satisfaction that he was invited 
 to accept the mathematical professorship of the University. 
 
 DEF 
 
 In 1551 he returned to England, where he was warmly 
 received; but soon fell into trouble, being suspected of 
 favouring the cause of the Princess Elizabeth and prac 
 tising against Queen Mary's life by enchantments. Unable 
 to convict him of this crime, or of heresy, his prosecutors 
 set him at liberty, and in a few months afterwards (Jan. 
 15, 1556) he evinced his zeal for learning by presenting a 
 supplication to Queen Mary for the recovery and preserva 
 tion of ancient writers and monuments. Upon the acces 
 sion of Elizabeth he would certainly have received sub 
 stantial marks of her regard for she treated him with 
 great respect at different times during her reign but the 
 public insisted that he was too intimate with the great 
 enemy ; and even went so far as to break into his house dur 
 ing his absence from the kingdom, and destroy his mathe 
 matical instruments and many of his books. As the people 
 would have it that he was a magician, Dee seems now to 
 have imbibed the same opinion, and forming a copartner 
 ship with Edward Kelley and the Count Laski, a Polish 
 nobleman, he professed to hold communion with spirits. 
 For further particulars respecting this extraordinary cha 
 racter and his writings, the reader must consult the works 
 indicated below. The philosopher suffered much in the 
 latter part of his life from the privations incident to ex 
 treme poverty. His talents and acquirements were great. 
 The mathematical notes to Sir Henry Billingsley's trans, 
 of Euclid, pub. in 1570, fol., would have done credit to 
 any scholar of the age ; the Memorials pertayning to the 
 perfect Arte of Navigation, 1577, fol., display the hand of 
 a master, and the reformation of the calendar entitles him 
 to the gratitude of posterity. See Life by Smith in Vitae 
 Eruditissimorum Virorum, and in Hearne's Joan. Confra- 
 tis et Monachi Glastoniensi-s Chronica, 2 vols. 8vo, 1726. 
 Biog. Brit. ; Athen. Oxon. ; Niceron, vol. i. ; Lysons's En 
 virons ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ; A Relation of what passed 
 for many years between Dr. John Dee and some Spirits : 
 as also the Letters of sundry great Men and Princes to 
 said Dr. Dee ; with a Preface by Meric Casaubon, D.D., 
 1659, fol. A copy of this curious work, which excited 
 much attention at the time of its publication, is worth 
 about 5. In 1842 the Cambridge Society pub. The Pri 
 vate Diary of Dr. John Dee, with a Catalogue of his Li 
 brary of Scientific MSS. This was edited by one of the 
 most eminent antiquaries of our own day James Orchard 
 Halliwell, Esq. 
 
 Deeble, Wm. Thanet and the Cinque Ports, 2 vols. 
 
 Deems, Charles F., D.D., b. at Baltimore, 1820 ; 
 graduated at Dickinson College, 1839; Professor in the 
 University of N. Carolina, 1842; Prof, of Chemistry in 
 Randolph Macon Coll., 1848; President of Greensboro' 
 Coll., 1850; President of Centenary Coll., 1854. Author 
 of 1. Triumph of Peace, and other Poems. 2. Devotional 
 Melodies. 3. Twelve College Sermons. 4. Life of Rev. 
 Dr. Clarke. 5. Home Altar. 6. What Now ? Edited 5 
 volumes of Southern Methodist Pulpit. Contrib. to the 
 Gentleman's Magazine, Southern Methodist Quarterly, and 
 other journals. 
 
 Deering, Charles, M.D., a native of Saxony, settled 
 in England, and d. at Nottingham in 1749. Small Pox, 
 Lon., 1737, 8vo. Cat. of Plants, 1738, 8vo. Nottingham! 
 vetus et nova, Nottingham, 1754, 4to. 
 
 Deering, Edward, a Puritan divine, d. 1576; Rec 
 tor of Pluckley, 1569; of Salisbury, 1571. He was an 
 eloquent preacher and a warm disputant. Workes, 1614. 
 Pub. separately, 1568-99. 
 
 Deering, Sir Edward. See DEAHING. 
 
 Deering, Nathaniel, a native of Portland, Maine, 
 graduated at Harvard College in 1810. He is the author 
 of two five-act tragedies, Carobasset, or The Last of the 
 Norridgewocks ; and Bozzaris. 
 
 Deering, Richard, a musical composer and organist 
 to Q. Henrietta Maria. See John Playford's Cantica Sacra, 
 1674, fol., for some of his compositions. 
 
 Dees, R. D. Insolvent Debtors, Lon., 1843, 12mo. 
 
 De Foe, Daniel, 1661-1731, was a son of James 
 Foe, (the son prefixed a De to his name,) a butcher of St. 
 Giles, Cripplegate, London. Educated among the Dis 
 senters, he was intended for a Presbyterian minister; but 
 we find him first a political author, (in 1683) then a sol 
 dier, as an adherent of the Duke of Monmouth, and subse 
 quently a hosier, a tilemaker, and a woollen merchant, in 
 succession. The publication referred to above is the Trea 
 tise against the Turks, which was intended to support the 
 cause of the Austrians. His excellent treatise, called an 
 Essay upon Projects, appeared in 1697. In 1699 he pub. 
 a poetical satire entitled The True-born Englishman, a 
 defence of King William and the Dutch. This was sue- 
 
DEF 
 
 DEF 
 
 cessful, and gave the author a great reputation. Three 
 years later, the publication of The Shortest Way with the 
 Dissenters, involved De Foe in great trouble. 
 
 " In this playful piece of irony, the author gravely proposed, a*s 
 the easiest and speediest way of ridding the land of Dissenters, to 
 hang their ministers and banish the people. But both Church 
 men and Dissenters viewed the whole in a serious light ; and while 
 many of the former applauded the author as a staunch and worthy 
 Churchman, as many of the latter, filled with apprehensions dire, 
 began to prepare for Tyburn and Smithfield." 
 
 The High Church party, however, were not disposed to 
 tolerate irony ; the House of Commons declared the book 
 a libel, and ordered it to be burnt by the hands of the 
 common hangman ; and the zealous polemic was invited to 
 assume a prominent position in the pillory. Pope thus 
 refers to this unpalatable exaltation : 
 
 " Earless on high stood unabashed De Foe." Dunciad. 
 
 The sufferer himself displayed his equanimity by indit 
 ing a hymn to the pillory, which he describes as 
 " A hieroglyphic state-machine 
 Condemned to punish fancy in." 
 
 Whilst imprisoned in Newgate, where he was confined 
 for two years, he pub. a periodical paper called The Re 
 view. In 1706 he again entered the political field by his 
 Essay at removing Prejudices against an Union with Scot 
 land, and in 1709 pub. his celebrated History of the Union. 
 The last of his political tracts was An Appeal to Honour and 
 Justice, intended as a hint to the House of Hanover of the 
 obligations due to the neglected writer. . A proper reward 
 for his services would have been very acceptable to the 
 author, for he seldom prospered in trade, and often knew 
 the bitterness of pecuniary embarrassment. Among his 
 best-known works, which amount in number to at least 
 210 Wilson thinks some have escaped him, and see 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Man., Watt's Bibl., and Biog. Brit. are 
 the following: Robinson Crusoe, (first pub. in 1719;) A 
 New Voyage round the World ; The Life of Captain Sin 
 gleton ; The Adventures of Roxana ; the Hist, of Duncan 
 Campbell; The Life of Moll Flanders; The Life of Colo 
 nel Jack; The Memoirs of a Cavalier during the Civil 
 Wars in England ; Religious Courtship ; A Journal of the 
 Plague in 1665 ; The Political Hist, of the Devil and A 
 System of Magic; A Relation of the Apparition of one 
 Mrs. Veal ; A Tour through England and Scotland ; An 
 Essay on the Treaty of Commerce with France ; A Plan 
 of the English Commerce; Giving Alms no Charity. Of 
 the last two works an eminent authority remarks : 
 
 " The Plan of the English Commerce is full of information ; and, 
 though desultory, is ably written, and contains sundry passages 
 in which the influence of trade and industry in promoting the 
 well-being of the labouring classes and the public wealth is set in 
 the most striking point of view. . . . Giving Alms no Charity is 
 written with considerable cleverness. . . . But these arguments 
 are not so conclusive as some have supposed. . . . The truth is, 
 that in matters of this sort De Foe was quite as prejudiced and 
 purblind as the bulk of those around him. He had not read, or 
 if he had read, he had plainly, at all events, profited nothing by, 
 the conclusive reasonings in the Tract on the East India Trade, 
 previously referred to. See p. 100." McCulloch's Lit. of PoUt. Econ. 
 Another authority entitled to great respect, remarks : 
 " As a commercial writer, De Foe is fairly entitled to stand in 
 the foremost rank among his contemporaries, whatever may be 
 their performances or their fame. . . . His distinguishing charac 
 teristics are originality and depth. He has many sentiments with 
 regard to traffick. which are scattered through his Reviews, aud 
 which I never read in any other hook." George Chalmers's Life 
 of De Foe, Lon. 1790, 8vo. 
 
 An ed. of the novels of De Foe was pub. in Edinburgh 
 in 1810, 12 vols. 8vo. Works, with Memoir of his Life and 
 Writings by W. Hazlitt, Lon. 1840-43, 3 vols. 8vo. Mis 
 cellaneous Works, with Memoir, Literary Prefaces, Illus 
 trative Notes, Ac. by Sir Walter Scott and others, (Tal- 
 boy's ed.,) Oxford, 1840-41, 20 rols. 12mo. This ed. is 
 now very scarce. It was pub. at 5. The reader must 
 not fail to procure that interesting work, The Life and 
 Times of Daniel De Foe, with Review of his Writings and 
 Opinions on Important Matters, by Walter Wilson, Lon 
 1830, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " I have given your volumes a careful perusal, and they have 
 taken their degree of classical books on my shelves. De Foe was 
 always my darling ; but what darkness was I in as to for the larger 
 part of his writings ! I have now an epitome of them all." C. LAMB. 
 
 Before quoting some testimonies to De Foe's general 
 meritsiis an author, and notices of particular works, it will 
 be only proper to cite some opinions upon that delightful 
 romance among the first and last of our literary luxuries 
 Robinson Crusoe. 
 
 " De Foe has been charged with surreptitiously appropriating 
 the papers of Alexander Selkirk to the formation of his celebrated 
 work ; but the charge, though repeatedly and confidently brought 
 appears to be destitute of foundation." PARK. 
 
 HowelPs Life and Adventures of Selkirk must not be 
 neglected by the reader. 
 
 I " As this is the latest, so it is the most authentic, account of 
 i Selkirk, and embraces a variety of particulars relating to his per- 
 j sonal history, never before communicated to the public. It is an 
 elegant little volume, and will be read with interest by every ad- 
 ' mirer of Robinson Crusoe." Wilson's Memoir of Daniel De fbe. 
 
 Other accounts of Selkirk will be found in his own nar- 
 
 ! ration, entitled Providence Displayed, printed from Capt. 
 
 I Woodes Rogers's Cruising Voyage round the World, 1712. 
 
 See Isaac James's publication of Providence Displayed, 
 
 Lon., 1800, 12mo in Capt. Edw. Cooke's Voyage, 1712, 
 
 p. 34; in the Englishman, by Sir Rd. Steele, No. 26; and 
 
 in Collet's Relics of Literature, 341-44. 
 
 Robinson Crusoe first appeared in a periodical publica 
 tion entitled The Original London Post, or Heathcote's 
 Intelligencer, Nos. 125 to 289 inclusive, in 1719. Its suc 
 cess was so great, that four edits, were pub., 3 in 2 vols. 
 8vo, and an abridgt. in 12mo, in the same year. In 1720, 
 8vo, appeared Serious Reflections during the Life and Ad 
 ventures of Robinson Crusoe : with his Vision of the An 
 gelic World. This was intended as a third vol. to Robin 
 son Crusoe, but was not so well received. Of the many 
 eds. of Crusoe, we may especially notice Tyas's illustrated 
 one, pub. in about 40" Nos., with engravings from designs 
 by Granville, and an ed. of 1820, 2 vols. 8vo, with engrav 
 ings by Charles Heath, from designs by Mr. Stothard. 
 
 " If ever the late Mr. Stothard entered more warmly upon any 
 one of his labours than another, these illustrations to Robinson 
 Crusoe have that honour; composed at a time when he was in 
 fullest possession of his powers, there is a charm about them 
 which no other book illustrations possess. They are as unique in 
 their way as the book they adorn." 
 
 . " Robinson Crusoe must be allowed, by the most rigid moralists, 
 to be one of those novels which one may read, not only with plea 
 sure, but also with profit. It breathes throughout a spirit of 
 piety and benevolence; it sets in a very striking light the im 
 portance of the mechanic arts, which they who know not what it 
 is to be without them are apt to undervalue. It fixes in the mind 
 a lively idea of the horrors of solitude, and, consequently, of the 
 sweets of social life, and of the blessings we derive from conversa 
 tion and mutual aid; and it shows how by labouring with one's 
 own hands, one may secure independence, and open for one's self 
 many sources of health and amusement. I agree, therefore, with 
 Rousseau, that this is one of the best books that can be put into 
 the hands of .children." Dr. Seattle's Moral and Critical Disser 
 tations. 
 
 We quote from Rousseau's opinion, referred to by Dr. 
 Beattie : 
 
 " As we must have books, there is one already written, which, 
 in my opinion, affords a complete treatise on natural education. 
 This book shall be the first Emilius shall read; in this, indeed, 
 will, for a long time, consist his whole library, and it will always 
 hold a distinguished place among others. It will afford us the 
 text to which all our conversations on the objects of natural 
 science will serve only as a comment. It will serve us as our 
 guide during our progress to a state of reason; and will ever 
 afterwards give us constant pleasure, unless our taste be wholly 
 
 " You ask impatiently, What is the title of this wonderful book ? 
 Is it Aristotle, Pliny, or Buffon? No; it is ROBINSON CRUSOE." 
 Emilius and Sophia, or a New System of Education, ii. 59-63, Eng 
 lish trans. 1767, 12mo. 
 
 " Was there ever any thing written by mere man. that the reader 
 wished longer, except Robinson Crusoe, Don Quixote, and the 
 Pilgrim's Progress?" DR. SAML. JOHNSON. 
 
 " How happy that this, the most moral of romances, is not only 
 the most charming of books, but also the most instructive." 
 CHALMERS. 
 
 " Robinson Crusoe is delightful to all ranks and classes. It is 
 capital kitchen reading, and equally worthy from its deep interest, 
 to find a place in the libraries of the wealthiest and the most 
 learned." CHARLES LAMB. 
 
 " Perhaps there exists no work, either of instruction or enter 
 tainment, in the English language, which has been more gene 
 rally read, and more univerally admired, than the Life and Ad 
 ventures of Robinson Crusoe. It is difficult to say in what the 
 charm consists, by which persons of all classes and denominations 
 are thus fascinated; yet the majority of readers will recollect it as 
 among the first works that awakened and interested their youth 
 ful attention ; and feel, even in advanced life, and in the maturity 
 of their understanding, that there are still associated with Robin 
 son Crusoe, the sentiments peculiar to that period, when all is 
 new, all glittering in prospect, and when those visions are most 
 bright, which the experience of after life tends only to darken and 
 destroy." SIR WALTER SCOTT. 
 
 We shall now quote some opinions of a few of our au 
 thor's other works, and of his peculiar excellencies as an 
 author : 
 
 " De Foe was employed by Queen Anne on a special mission to 
 Scotland respecting the Union. His work is the most authentic 
 on the subject." CHALMERS. 
 
 " His History of the Union is sufficient to place the author 
 among the soundest historians of the day." T. F. DIBDIN. 
 
 " De Foe visited Scotland about the time of the Union, and it is 
 evident that the anecdotes concerning this unhappy period, must 
 have been peculiarly interesting to a man of his liveliness of ima 
 gination, who excelled all others in dramatizing a story, and pre 
 senting it in actual speech and action before the reader." Lon. 
 Quar. Rtv. xxiv. 361. 
 
 " It will be in vain to contend for any thing like the same merit 
 
 489 
 
DBF 
 
 DEL 
 
 (as in Crusoe) in Moll Flanders, Captain Singleton, Colonel Jack, | 
 and Roxana; yet it is, in part, of the same description. We ad- | 
 vert to the singular truth and correctness of the individual por- \ 
 traiture. Whether it is possible to benefit the world by veritable 
 likenesses of harlots, pirates, and sharpers, may be doubted ; but 
 it is something to have them exhibited in their native deformity, 
 without being sentimentalized into Gulnares, Conrads, and inte 
 resting enfansperdus of that Byronic description. Whatever ca- j 
 veat may be entered against these productions, the first-rate sign 
 of genius, the power of imagining a character within a certain j 
 range of existence, and throwing into it the breath of life and in- 
 dividualization, was a pre-eminent mental characteristic of De 
 Foe." Westminster Review, xiii. 69, Ac. 
 
 " While all ages and descriptions of people hang delighted over 
 Robinson Crusoe, and shall continue to do so, we trust, while the 
 world lasts, how few comparatively will bear to be told, that there 
 exist other fictitious narratives by the same writer four of them 
 at least of no inferior interest : Roxana Singleton Moll Flanders 
 Colonel Jack are all genuine offspring of the same father. An 
 unpractised midwife would swear to the nose, lip, forehead, and 
 eye of every one of them. They are, in their way, as full of inci 
 dent, and some of them every bit as romantic. ... We would not 
 hesitate to say, that in no other book of fiction, where the lives of 
 such characters are described, is guilt and delinquency made less 
 seductive, or the suffering made more closely to follow the com 
 mission, or the penitence more earnest or more bleeding, or the 
 intervening flashes of religious visitation upon the rude, unin- 
 structed soul, more meltingly and fearfully painted." C. LAMB. 
 
 " Most of our readers are probably familiar with De Foe's his 
 tory of that great calamity (the Plague) a work in which fabu 
 lous incidents and circumstances are combined with authentic nar 
 ratives, with an art and verisimilitude which no other writer has 
 ever been able to communicate to fiction. . . . The author of Ro 
 binson Crusoe was an Englishman, and one of those Englishmen 
 who make us proud of the name." Win. Rev. xxiv. 321. 
 
 " Few men have been more accurate observers of life and man 
 ners, and of the mechanism of society, than De Foe. . . . His No 
 vels, in spite of much improbability, have been oftener taken for 
 true narratives than any fictions that ever were composed." ion 
 Quar. Rev. xxiv. 361. 
 
 In proof of the above assertion, we may mention that 
 the alleged appearance of the apparition of Mrs. Veal was 
 believed to be sober matter of fact; the Memoirs of a Ca 
 valier have been often cited as historical authority, and were 
 credited by Lord Chatham ; the Journal of the Plague was 
 believed by as keen critics as Dr. Mead and Dr. Cheyne ; 
 and still more amusing the track of the pretended Voy 
 age round the World was actually laid down in a staid, 
 dignified, respectable-looking map ! On the publication of 
 the Voyage to the World of Cartesius, " scarce mention was 
 made of this New World, but an infinite number of French, 
 English, and Dutchmen resolve to go and see it." p. 1. 
 
 The compliment conveyed in the last sentence of the 
 annexed quotation which we italicize is therefore well 
 deserved : 
 
 " As a writer of fiction, whether we consider the originality of 
 his genius, the simplicity of his design, or the utility of his moral, 
 De Foe is now universally acknowledged to stand in the foremost 
 ground. That his inventive powers were of the first order, no one 
 can doubt; nor that he possessed the art, above most other men, of 
 infusing into his performances all the genuine pathos of nature 
 without the least apparent effort or exaggeration." WILSON. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott thus defines the pathos which affects us 
 so sensibly in the writings of De Foe : 
 
 " Pathos is not De Foe's general characteristic : he had too little 
 delicacy of mind. When it comes, it comes uncalled, and is cre 
 ated by the circumstances, not sought for by the author. The ex 
 cess, for instance, of the natural longing for human society which 
 Crusoe manifests while on board of the stranded Spanish vessel, 
 by ailing into a sort of agony, as he repeated the words, < Oh that 
 but one man had been saved! oh that there had been but one!' is 
 in the highest degree pathetic. The agonizing reflections of the 
 solitary, when he is in danger of being driven to sea, in his rash 
 attempt to circumnavigate his island, are also affecting." 
 
 " He must be acknowledged as one of the ablest, as he was one 
 of the most captivating, writers of which this isle can boast " 
 CHALMERS. 
 
 In an estimate of the writings of De Foe, the strongly- 
 marked moral and religious tendency of his compositions 
 must by no means be forgotten. The eminent authority 
 just quoted, who, as his biographer, carefully investigated 
 the incidents of a troubled life extending to the threescore 
 and ten years allotted to man, declares as the result of his 
 investigations that 
 
 "The events of his life prove him entitled to the praise of inte 
 grity, sincerity, and unvaried consistency." SIR WALTER SCOTT. 
 
 Another biographer remarks that his review of the life 
 and writings of De Foe had satisfied him that 
 
 ihgion was uppermost in his mind; that he reaped its con- 
 Bolaticms and lived under a habitual sense of its practical import- 
 
 "I am a stoick," says he, "in whatever may be the event of 
 things I'll do and say what I think is a debt to justice and truth, 
 without the least regard to clamour and reproach ; and as I am 
 utterly unconcerned at human opinion, the people that throw ' 
 away their breath so freely in censuring me may consider of some 
 better improvement to make of their passions than to waste them 
 on a man that is both above and below the reach of them. I know 
 too much of the world to expect good in it, and have learnt to value 
 it too little to be concerned at the evil. I have gone through a life i 
 
 of wonders, and am the subject of a vast variety of providences. 
 I have been fed more by miracle than Elijah, when the ravens 
 were his purveyors. I have sometime ago summed up the scenes 
 of my life in this distich : 
 
 No man has tasted differing fortunes more; 
 And thirteen times I have been rich and poor. 
 
 "In the school of affliction I have learnt more philosophy than 
 at the academy, and more divinity than from the pulpit : in prison 
 I have learnt that liberty does not consist in open doors, and the 
 egress and regress of locomotion. I have seen the rough side of 
 the world as well as the smooth ; and have, in less than half a 
 year, tasted the difference between the closet of a king and the 
 dungeon of Newgate. I have suffered deeply for cleaving to princi 
 ples of which integrity I have lived to say, none but those I suf 
 fered for ever reproached me with it." 
 
 We conclude with an eloquent tribute to De Foe's merits 
 from an authority of the first rank : 
 
 " For our part, surrounded as we are by the bustle and cares of 
 middle age, the mere mention of our author's name falls upon us 
 as cool and refreshing as a drop of rain in the hot and parched 
 midday. . . . We are compelled to regard him as a phenomenon, 
 and to consider his genius as something rare and curious, which 
 it is impossible to assign to any class whatever. Throughout the 
 ample stores of fiction in which our literature abounds, more than 
 that of any other people, there are no works which at all resemble 
 his, either in the design or execution. Without any precursor in 
 the strange and unwonted path he chose, and without a follower, 
 he spun his web of coarse but original materials, which no mortal 
 had ever thought of using before ; and when he had done, it seems 
 as though he had snapped the thread, and conveyed it beyond the 
 reach of imitation. To have a numerous train of followers is usu 
 ally considered as adding to the reputation of a writer : it is a pe 
 culiar honour to De Foe that he had none. Wherever he has stolen 
 a grace beyond the reach of art, wherever the vigour and freshness 
 of nature are apparent, there he is inaccessible to imitation. . . . 
 In the fictions of De Foe we meet with nothing that is artificial, or 
 that does not breathe the breath of life." Lon. Retrospective Re 
 view, iii. 354, 1821. 
 
 De Forest, J. W. 1. History of the Indians of Con 
 necticut from the Earliest Known Period to 1850, Hartford, 
 8vo. 2. Oriental Acquaintance : in a series of letters from 
 Asia Minor, N. York, 1856, 12mo. 3. European Acquaint 
 ance : being Sketches of People in Europe, N.Y., 1858, 12mo. 
 
 Degg, Simon. A Skeleton, Ac., Phil. Trans., 1727. 
 
 Degge,Sir Simon. The Parson's Counsellor, and Law 
 of Tithes, Lon., 1676, 8vo; 7th ed., by C. Ellis, 1820, 8vo. 
 
 " A text-book which Richards referred to, as he had always un- 
 stood it to be a book of some value as an authority." Marvin's 
 Legal Bill. 
 
 Degols, Gerard. Serms., Ac., 1711-26. 
 
 Degravere, J. Thesaurus Remediorum, Lon., 1662. 
 
 Dehany, Wm. K. Turnpike Acts, Lon., 1823, 12mo. 
 
 De Hart, W. C. Military Law, N. York, 1846, 8vo. 
 
 Dehon, Theodore, D.D., 1776-1817, a native of 
 Boston, graduated at Harvard College, 1795; Rector of 
 Trinity Church, Newport, R. I., 1798; of St. Michael's, 
 Charleston, S. C., 1809; Bishop of S. Carolina, 1812. 
 
 " He was respected as a man of talents, and beloved for his 
 amiable qualities and many virtues." Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. 
 
 He pub. several discourses before societies and some 
 serms. 90 Serms. on the Public Means of Grace, Ac., 
 1821, 2 vols. 8vo; new ed., Lon., 1823, 2 vols. 8vo; Amer. 
 ed., N. York, 1857, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " A silvery eloquence runs through the whole texture of these 
 discourses." Lon. Christian Observer. 
 
 " His sermons are useful, interesting, and eloquent." Darling's 
 Cyc. Bibl. 
 
 Deighan, Paul. Arithmetic and Key, Dubl., 1809. 
 
 Deios, Lawrence. Serms. against Antichrist, Lon., 
 1509, 8vo. 
 
 Dekar, H. Predestination. 2d ed., 1779, 8vo. 
 
 De Kay, James E. Sketches of Turkey in 1831, '32, 
 New York, 8vo. Natural History of New York ; Zoology, 
 vols. 1-5. This work is in 15 vols. 4to, pub. in Albany, 
 1842-49. The introduction is by Hon. Wm. H. Seward, late 
 Governor of N. York. See Rich's Bibliotheca Americana 
 Nova; Roorbach's Bibliotheca Americana. 
 
 Dekker, Thomas. See DECKER. 
 
 De La Heche, Sir Henry Thomas, 1796-1855, 
 a native of London, entered the Royal Military College in 
 1810, and became a member of the Geol. Soc. in 1817. He 
 was knighted in 1848. Trans, of a Select, of the Geolog. 
 Memoirs in the Annales des Mines, with Notes, Lon., 1824, 
 8vo, and 1836. Geolog. Notes, 1830, 8vo. Sections and 
 Views illus. of Geolog. Phenomena, 1830, 4to. Geolog. 
 Manual, 1832, 8vo. How to Observe, Geology, 1835, 
 sm. 8vo, and 2d ed. 
 
 "It is a truly Baconian volume; a sort of Novum Organon of 
 Geology." 
 
 Report on the Geology of Cornwall, Devon, and Somer 
 set, 1839, 8vo. The Geological Observer, with upwards 
 of 300 wood-cuts, 1851, 8vo; 2d ed., 1853. 
 
 " No one could be found so capable of directing the labours of 
 the young geologist, or to aid by his own experience the stu 
 dies of those who may not have been able to range so extensively 
 over the earth's surface. We strongly recommend Sir Henry De 
 
DEL 
 
 La Beche's book to those who desire to know what has been done, I 
 and to learn something of the wide examination which yet lies 
 waiting for the industrious observer." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 De La Cour or Delacour, James, an Irish poet, 
 1709-1781, was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and 
 subsequently took holy orders. Abelard to Eloisa ; a Poem, 
 1729. In imitation of Pope. The Prospect of Poetry, 1733. 
 Delafaye, Theo. Serms., &c., 1745-68. 
 Delafon, W. Naval Court Martials, Lon., 1805, 8vo. 
 Delamain, Rich. Lands in Ireland, Lon., 1641, fol. 
 Delamain, Robert. Mathemat. treatises, 1630, '31. 
 Delamayne, Thos. Essay on Man, 1779, 4to. 
 Delamere, Henry, Earl of Warrington. Collection 
 of his Speeches, Lon., 1694, fol. Works and Speeches, 
 1694, Svo. 
 
 Delmote, P. Introduc. to Mviscke, Lon., 1574, Svo. 
 De Lancey, Wm. Heathcote, D.D., LL.D., Prot. 
 Episcopal Bishop of Western New York, a descendant of 
 Chief Justice De Lancey, was born in 1797 at Mamaroneck, 
 Westchester county, New York ; graduated at Yale Col 
 lege, 1817 ; Provost of the University of Pennsylvania, 
 1828 ; assistant rector in 1833, and rector in 1836, of St. 
 Peter's Church, Philada. ; consecrated bishop of the dio 
 cese of Western New York, 1839. Sermons, Ac. 
 
 Delane, John T., the editor of The London Times, 
 was educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, where he took 
 his degree. 
 
 " As the responsible head of the most widely circulated paper 
 in London, Mr. Delane probably exercises as great a power for good 
 or for mischief as any man in England." Men of the Time, 
 Lon., 1853. 
 
 Delane, W. F. A. Turnpike Acts, Lon., 1828, 12mo. 
 Laws for reg. the Highways, 1835, 12mo. Electors, 2d 
 ed., 1836, 12mo. 
 
 Delaney, General Oliver. Considerations on the 
 Propriety of Imposing Taxes in the British Colonies, Lon., 
 1766. 
 
 Delany, Mary, 1700-1788, a daughter of Bernard 
 Granville, Esq., afterwards Lord Lansdowne, was married 
 first to Alexander Pendarves, and then to Dr. Patrick De 
 lany. She corresponded with the literary celebrities of the 
 day, and her letters have been much admired. Late in life 
 she commenced writing poetry. Letters of Mrs. Delany 
 to Mrs. Frances Hamilton, 1779-88, Svo; 1821. This vol. 
 contains many anecdotes relating to the royal family. See 
 the Diary of Mme. D'Arblay. 
 
 Delany, Patrick, 1686F-176S, a native of Ireland, 
 was educated at, and Fellow of, Trinity College, Dublin; 
 became Chancellor of Christ Church, and Prebendary of 
 St. Patrick's, Dublin; Dean of Down, 1744. He was an 
 intimate friend of Dean Swift, and wrote some strictures 
 upon Lord Orrery's Remarks on the Life and Writings of 
 that distinguished author. The Tribune, a Periodical Pa 
 per, continued through 20 Nos., commencing in 1729. Re 
 velation Examined with Candour, 1732-63, 3 vols. Svo; 
 3d ed. of the 2 vols., 1735; 4th ed., 1745, anon. 
 
 " In this work Dr. Delany discovers a very considerable portion 
 of learning, research, and acuteness. It contains many things not 
 to be found in the ordinary class of commentators ; some things 
 that are fanciful ; and some things not in unison with generally 
 received opinions." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " It is a work of uncommon merit, and too little known. It com 
 prises a number of Dissertations on the most important facts and 
 histories in the sacred writings ; and especially those which have 
 been cavilled at by Deists and freethinkers of every description. 
 In every case he is master of his subject; and in every instance 
 his pretended Anakim opponents die grasshoppers in his hands. 
 DR. ADAM CLARKE. 
 
 "An able defence of Natural and Revealed Religion against 
 Atheists and Deists." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Reflections upon Polygamy, 1738. Hist. Account of 
 the Life and Reign of David, King of Israel, 1740-42, 3 
 rols. ; 1745, '58, '69, anon. 
 
 " A very interesting and elegant work. If it is drawn up with 
 less sobriety of judgment and severity of criticism than the Life 
 of David by Dr. Chandler, it displays much greater refinement and 
 delicacy of thought and manner." Wittiams's Christian Preacher. 
 " Unfortunately for its reputation, a similar life of David by Dr. 
 Chandler provokes comparison ; and every one who has read the 
 two performances, will have no hesitation in preferring the work 
 of Chandler to that of Delany. It is more valuable, both as a book 
 of Scripture criticism, and of general information." Orme's Bibl. 
 Bib. 
 
 Bickersteth thus draws the comparison : 
 "Chandler more critical and sober in judgment; Delany finer 
 thoughts and more taste. Chandler too much palliates David's 
 crimes." Christian Student. 
 
 " A respectable and useful work, but greatly inferior to Dr. Chand 
 ler's masterly Critical History of the Life of David." Orme's Bibl. 
 Bib. 
 
 Serms. upon Social Duties, 1744, Svo; 1747, '50. 
 
 " The Practical Duties of Religion are enforced with great Energy ; 
 
 and an amiable Spirit of Candour, Benevolence, and Piety breathes 
 
 throughout all his Discourses." 
 
 DEL 
 
 Delany pub. a number of separate sermons, &c. His 
 last work was the following : Eighteen Discourses and Dis 
 sertations upon various very important and interesting Sub 
 jects, 1766, 8vo. See a notice of this volume especially 
 two dissertations at the end in Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 'Delany was a man of ability and learning; disposed occasion 
 ally to use his fancy, and to reason confidently on doubtful or dis 
 puted premises. There is also a great lack of evangelical sentiment 
 in his writings." ORME, ubi supra. 
 
 Delay, Dr. J. The Royal Suppliants j a Trag., Lon., 
 1781, 8vo. The Captives; a Trag., 1786, 8vo. Elegies, 
 1788, '99. Sedition ; an Ode, 1792. 
 
 Delap, John, D.D. Serm., 1762, 4to. 
 
 De Lara, D. E. Key to Portuguese, Lon., 1825, ISnao. 
 
 Delaune, Henry. Legacy to his Sons, Lon., 1657, 
 sm. -I ti>. 
 
 ' : A miscellany of precepts, theological, moral, political, cecono- 
 mical, digested into seven centuries of quadrins." 
 
 "The admonitions in this volume are estimable, the style nervous, 
 and the versification, in general, correct." Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Delaune, Thos. The Present State of London, &c., 
 1681, 12mo. Continued by a Careful Hand to 1690, 1690, 
 12mo. 
 
 " Nor is De Laun's pretended state of the city much different 
 from what we have there [in Stow's Chronicle."] Bishop Nicolson's 
 Eng. Hist., lib. 15. 
 
 Delaune, Thomas. Theolog. treatises, 1667-1728. 
 In answer to Dr. Calamy's discourse Concerning a Scru 
 pulous Conscience, he wrote A Plea for the Nonconformists, 
 1684, 1704, 4to; preface by Daniel De Foe. His opponents 
 replied by putting him in the pillory, taking off his ears, 
 fining and imprisoning him. He died in prison. 
 
 Delaune, Wm., D.D., Pres. of St. John's Coll., and 
 Margaret Prof, of Divinity in Oxford. Serm., 1702, 4to. 
 Twelve Serms., Lon., 1728, 8vo. 
 
 Delaval, Edward Hussey, 1729-1814, an eminent 
 chemist and natural philosopher. Exper. Inquiry rel. to 
 the Changes of Colours in Opake and Coloured Bodies, 
 Lon., 1744, 4to. In French, Paris, 1778, 8vo. In Italian, 
 Mil., 1779, Svo; Bolog., 1779, 8vo. Exper. Inquiry into 
 the Causes of the Permanent Colours of Opake Bodies, 
 Warr., 1785, 8vo. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1759, '64, '65. 
 
 De La Warre. True Relation of Virginia, 1611, 4to. 
 
 Delepierre, J. Octave. Old Flanders; or, Popular 
 Traditions and Legends of Belgium, Lon., 1845, 2 vols. 
 p. 8vo. 
 
 " Two volumes written with considerable spirit. They will afford 
 pleasure to many a reader as the long evenings of winter draw on." 
 Lon. Examiner. 
 
 Deletanville, Thos. Guides to French, Lon., 1758. 
 
 Delgado, Isaac. New Translation of the Penta 
 teuch, Lon., 1789, 4to. 
 
 " A learned London Jew, who has given some good observations 
 on the Pentateuch." DR. GEDDES. 
 
 " The work altogether is hot equal to its pretensions, and both 
 the translation and the notes discover the influence of Jewish pre 
 judice." Orme's Bill. Bib. 
 
 Delisser, Richard L., born in the West Indies in 
 1820. 1. Interest and Average Tables, N. Y. 2. Complete 
 Time Tables. 3. Ready Reckoner. 4. Elements of Book 
 Keeping, <fec. 
 
 Dell, George. Serm., 1711, 4to. 
 
 Dell, John, d. at Sturry, in Kent, 1810, aged 53. Po 
 etical Effusions of the Heart, 1783, 8vo. Contributed to 
 periodicals under the signature of Rusticus. 
 
 Dell, Jonas. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1646, '56/58. 
 
 Dell, Wm., Rector of Yelden, and Master of Gonvil 
 and Caius College; ejected, 1662. Serms. and theolog. 
 treatises, 1645-97. Select Works, Lon., 1773, 8vo. . 
 
 De Loier, Peter. Treatise of Specters or Straunge 
 Sights, Visions, and Apparitions appearing sensibly unto 
 Men, 1605, 4to. 
 
 De Lolme, John Louis, 1745-1807, a Swiss lawyer, 
 resided for some years in England, where at times he re 
 quired the assistance of the Literary Fund. He died in 
 Switzerland. A Parallel between the English Government 
 and the Former Government of Sweden, Lon., 1772. Later 
 eds. of this work include the English version of the follow 
 ing : The Constitution of English ; written in French and 
 pub. in Holland; trans, into English, and pub. in 1775, 
 with the Parallel, 3d ed., 1781; 4th, 1784, with Notes by 
 Dr. Chas. Coote, 1807, 8vo. Late eds., 1822, 8vo. With 
 Notes by W. Hughes, 1834, 8vo ; by Stephens, 1838, 2 vols. 
 8vo; by T. G. Western, 1838, 8vo; by J. Macgregor, 1853, 
 p. 8vo. 
 
 De Lolme has been blamed for too excessive and general 
 admiration of the Constitution of England ; but this is a 
 point, we think, in which exaggeration is not easy. The 
 merits of this work are unquestionable. Lords Chatham 
 and Camden commend it highly. 
 
DEL 
 
 DEN 
 
 "A performance deep, solid, and ingenious." JCNTUS. 
 "The author has presented a view of English Equity Jurispru 
 dence, far more exact and comprehensive than many of the Eng 
 lish text-writers on the same subject." CHIEF JUSTICE STORY. 
 
 " It is unquestionably a luminous, candid, concise, yet satisfac 
 tory, exposition of the British constitution, and is written in a pure 
 and nervous style." Hoffman's Legal Study, 148. 
 
 Hist, of the Flagellants; or, Memorials of Human Su 
 perstition, 1783, 4to. 
 
 " Scarcely reconcilable to decorum in style or matter." 
 Observations upon the late National Embarrassment, &c., 
 1789, 8vo. The writer coincides with Mr. Pitt. Essay 
 containing Strictures on the Union of Scotland with Eng 
 land, &c., 1787, 4to. This was pub. as an introduc. to De 
 Foe's Hist, of the Union. He pub. some other treatises. 
 See an interesting, yet distressing, account in De Lolme's 
 Narrative, prefixed to his essay, of the difficulties he ex 
 perienced in bringing his great work before the public : 
 
 " When my enlarged English edition was ready for the press, had 
 I acquainted ministers that I was prepared to boil my tea-kettle 
 with it, for want of being able to afford the expenses of printing 
 ifministers, it seems, would not have considered that he was 
 lighting his fire "with myrrh and cassia and precious ointment." 
 See Disraeli's Calamities of Authors. 
 
 " De Lolme had the art of pleasing in conversation, though the 
 graces did not appear in his manner or deportment. He had a turn 
 for pleasantry and humour; and has been compared to Burke for 
 the variety of his allusions and the felicity of his illustrations." 
 See Dr. Chas. Coote's Preface to the work on the Constitution, ed. 
 1807, 8vo. 
 
 Deloney, Thomas. Declaration made by the Archbp. 
 of Collen upon the Deed of his Marriage, Lon., 1583, 12mo. 
 See Lowndes's Bibl. Man. for other pieces. 
 Delta. See MOIR, DAVID MACBETH. 
 Delvin, George. Serm., Lon., 1795, 8vo. 
 Deman, E. F. Flax, its Cultivation and Manage 
 ment, 1851. 
 
 " This essay is not inferior to the many treatises on Flax." 
 Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Demarville. Y. Ladies' Geography, 1758, 2 vols. 
 Demetrius, Charles. Newes from Gulick and Cleve, 
 Lon., 1615, 4to. 
 
 Democritus Secundus, a fictitious name. The 
 Fellow Traveller, through City and Countrey; Book of 
 Stories, Lon., 1658, 12mo. 
 
 Demoivre, Abraham, 1667-1757, a native of Cham 
 pagne, spent most of his life in England, where he died 
 in the above year. Miscellanea Analytica, <fec., Lon., 1730, 
 4to. Doctrine of Chances, or a Method of calculating the 
 Probabilities of Events in Play, 1718, 4to; best ed., 1756, 
 4to. Annuities on Lives, 1724, '50, '52, 8vo. He contri 
 buted a number of papers to Phil. Trans. 
 
 De Morgan, Augustus, b. 1806, in the island of 
 Modma, coast of Java ; Prof, of Mathemat. in University 
 College, London. His father was an officer in the British 
 Army. Has pub. a number of valuable works on Algebra, 
 Arithmetic, Trigonometry, Logic, &c. In 1847 he gave 
 to the world a volume exhibiting much research, entitled 
 Arithmetical Books from the Invention of Printing to the 
 Present Time. Every teacher and student of Mathematics 
 and of course every bibliographer should possess this 
 volume. See Knight's Eng. Cyc. 
 
 Dempsey, G. Drysdale. 1. Papers on Railways, 
 Lon., 1845, 4to. 2. Practical Railway Engineering ; 4th 
 ed., 1855, 4to. 3. Brick Bridges, Sewers, and Culverts, 
 1850, 4to. 4. Examples of Iron Roofs, 1850, 4to. 5. Iron 
 applied to Railway Structure, 1850, 4to. 6. Malleable 
 Iron Bridges, 1850, 4to. 7. The Builder's Guide in Mate 
 rials and Construction; 2d ed., 1857, 4to. 8. Machinery 
 of the Nineteenth Century, 1852, Ac., 4to. 9. Railway 
 Stations, Engine-Houses, <fcc., with folio plates, 1856. 10. 
 Ten Bridges, with details, 1856, 4to. 11. Working-Draw 
 ings of Stations, Ac., 1856, 4to. Other works. 
 
 Dempster, George, 1736-1818, a native of and M.P. 
 for Dundee, Scotland. Discourse containing a Summary 
 of the Directors of the Society for Extending the Fisheries 
 of Great Britain, 1789. Magnetic Mountains of Cannay, 
 8vo. Letters in Agricult. Mag. Papers and Speeches. 
 
 Dempster, Thomas, 1579-1625, a native of Scot 
 land, studied at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, and at Paris, 
 and became distinguished for his erudition. He was pro 
 fessor successively at Paris, Pisa, and Bologna, and died 
 in the last-named city. He pub. several works, a list of 
 which will be found in Watt's Bibl. Brit. His best-known 
 production is Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum, Bo- 
 uon., 1627, 4to. Reprinted for the Bannatyne Club, 1829, 
 2 vols. 4to. This work is not at all to be relied on. 
 
 "Tho. Dempster, though he was no Jesuit, stands fair for the 
 remaining part of his character that he ' was as well inclined to 
 believe a lye as any man in his time;' and was as well qualified to 
 put it into a pretty dress of poetry." Bishop Nicohon's Scot. Hist. 
 Lib., 58 ; and the Bishop of St.AsapWs Hist. Account, p. 153. 
 
 " He shamefully published I know not how many fables." BATLB. 
 
 "He would have wished that all learned men had been Scots. 
 He forged titles of books which were never published, to raise the 
 glory of his native country, and has been guilty of several cheat 
 ing tricks, by which he has lost his credit among men of learning.'' 
 M. BAILLET. 
 
 See Mackenzie's Lives; McCrie's Melville; Chambers'a 
 Scot. Biog. 
 
 Dendy, Edw. Petition to Parl., Lon., 1654, fol. 
 
 Dendy, Walter Cooper. Book of the Nursery, 
 Lon., 12mo. Diseases of the Skin in Children, 8vo. Dis 
 eases of the Scalp, 1849, r. 4to. Phenomena of Dreams 
 and Illusions, 12mo. Philosophy of Mystery, 1841, 8vo. 
 
 " It reminds in every page of the erudite Burton, whose Anatomy 
 of Melancholy drives away the vapours from the most confirmed 
 hypochondriac." Dr. JoJinsorfs Journal. 
 
 Varieties of Pock delineated and described, 1853, p. 8vo.. 
 Discourse on the Birth and Pilgrimage of Thought, 1853, 
 square. The Beautiful Islets of Britaine, 1857, p. 8vo. 
 
 Dene, Willemus de. Historia Roffensis, 1314-50, 
 successione Episcoporum et priorum, <fec. Vide Wharton 
 Anglia Sacra, i. 327. 
 
 Denham. Miners' Charters, Lon., 1657, 4to. 
 
 Denham, Captain. See GULLY, ROBERT. 
 
 Denham, Dixon, Col., R.N., and Governor of Sierra 
 Leone, an enterprising traveller, 1786-1828. Narrative 
 of Travels and Discoveries in Northern and Central Africa, 
 1822-24, by Denham, Clapperton, and Oudney, Lon., 1826, 
 4to ; 2d ed., 1828, 2 vols. Svo. He who desires to become 
 acquainted with Africa and the Africans must not neglect 
 this invaluable work. See CLAPPERTON, HUGH; LANDER, 
 RICHARD. 
 
 Denham, Rev. J. F. Marriage with a deceased Wife's 
 Sister defended, Lon., 1847, 8vo. Spelling and Reading 
 Book; 3d ed., Parts 1 to 3, 1848, 12mo. Other works. 
 
 Denham, Sir James Steuart. See STEUART. 
 
 Denham, Sir John, 1615-1668, a native of Dublin, 
 was the only son of Sir John Denham, Baron of the Ex 
 chequer. In 1631 he was entered of Trin. Coll., Oxford. 
 
 " But being looked upon as a slow and dreaming young man by 
 his seniors and contemporaries, and giving more to cards and dice 
 than his study, they could never then in the least imagine that he 
 could ever enrich the world with his fancy, or issue of his brain, 
 as he afterwards did." WOOD. 
 
 This habit of gaming clung to him in after life, to his 
 great loss and disgrace. He was made Governor of Farn- 
 harn Castle by Charles I. ; his fortunes were depressed dur 
 ing the Commonwealth, revived in the Restoration. In 
 1641 he pub. his Tragedy of the Sophy, which elicited the 
 enthusiastic commendation of Waller, who remarks of the 
 author, that 
 
 " He broke out like the Irish Rebellion, threescore thousand 
 strong, when nobody was aware, or iu the least suspected it." 
 
 In 1643 appeared his poem of Cooper's Hill, which esta 
 blished his reputation as an author. He wrote a number 
 of other pieces The Destruction of Troy, Cato Major, 
 Ac. translated portions of Virgil, and imitated Tully. 
 The 6th ed. of his collected works, entitled Poems and 
 Translations, with the Sophy, a Tragedy, was pub. in 1719, 
 12mo. The reputation of Denham is not so high as it was 
 formerly, but few poets have been more warmly commended 
 by several rigid critics. The approbation of Waller, Prior, 
 Dryden, Warton, and Johnson, is no slight guarantee of 
 merit. . s 
 
 " ' Cooper's Hill,' says Dryden, ' for majesty of style, is, and ever 
 will be, the standard of good writings;' and Pope eulogizes it 
 highly in his Windsor Forest. 
 
 " Denham is deservedly considered as one of the fathers of Eng. 
 lish poetry. Denham and Waller, according to Prior, improved 
 our versification, and Dryden perfected it." Dr. Johnson's Lives 
 of the English Poets. 
 
 Denham, John E. Serms., Lon., 1821, Svo. 
 
 Denham, Joseph. Serm., 1741, Svo. 
 
 Denham, N. Trans, of the Way of Lyfe, Ac., 1578, 4to. 
 
 Denham, Wm. Serms., 1742, '43, '45. 
 
 Denholm, James. History of Glasg., 1797, 12mo. 
 Many eds. Tour to the Lakes, 1804, sm. Svo. 
 
 Denio, Hiram, born 1799, at Rome, N. Y., a resident 
 of Utica, N. Y., Judge of the Court of Appeals. Reports 
 of Cases argued and determined in the Supreme Court, and 
 in the Court for the Correction of Error of the State of New 
 York, 1845-48, 5 vols. Revised Statutes of the State of 
 N. Y., 4th ed., 1852, 2 vols., prepared by Hiram Denio and 
 William Tracy. 
 
 Denison, Charles Wheeler, b. in Conn., 1809. Ame 
 rican Village and other poems. Contrib. to the Knicker 
 bocker and various other magazines and journals. 
 
 Denison, Daniel, 1613-1682. Irenicon, or a Salve 
 for New England's Sore. This is annexed to Hubbard's 
 Funl. Serm. 
 
 Denison, Edward, D.D., Bishop of Salisbury, 1837. 
 
DEN 
 
 Serms., Charges, &c., 1836-44. Serms. before the Univ. 
 of Oxf., 1836, 8vo. 
 
 " A volume of sermons worthy of the perusal of all sound church 
 men." Church of En g. Quar. Rev. 
 
 Denison, Ed\vard B. Marriage with a Wife's Sis 
 ter, Lon., 1851, 8vo. Bp. of Exeter's Speech on the Mar 
 riage Bill, 3d ed., 1851, p. Svo. 
 
 Denison, George Anthony. Serm., Lon., 1850, 8vo. 
 
 Denison, John, d. at Reading, 1628-29. Serms. and 
 treatises, 1616-24. 
 
 Denison, Mary Andrews, b. in Cambridge, Mass., 
 1826. Author of Home Pictures, N. York, 12mo. What 
 Not? Phila., 12mo. Carrie Hamilton, Phila., 12mo. Gracie 
 Amber, N. York, 12mo. Old Hepsy : a Tale of the South, 
 N. York, 1858, 12ino. Has contributed extensively to 
 many of the leading journals of the Union. 
 
 Denison, Stephen. Serms., Lon., 1620-27. The 
 White Wolfe, 1627, 4to. At p. 88 will be found a catalogue 
 of 88 Sects ajid Heresies which sprang up in the primitive 
 Church. John Hetherington was principally aimed at in 
 this discourse. He was obliged to recant his " fanatical 
 doctrines" before the king. 
 
 " The book comprehends a strange mixture of learning and ex 
 travagant reasoning, and is altogether a singular curiosity." 
 Seloe's Anecdotes of Scarce Books. 
 
 Denman, Jacob S., b. 1814, in New Jersey. Stories 
 for Children, 16mo. Compiler of a series of Reading Books, 
 in 8 parts. 
 
 Denman, Joseph, M.D. Buxton Water, 1793, 8vo. 
 
 Denman, Thomas, M.D., a native of Derbyshire, 
 practised in the Royal Navy, and subsequently in London. 
 He pub. several works upon obstetrics, <fcc., the best-known 
 of which is Introduc. to Theory and Prac. of Midwifery, 
 6th ed., 1824, 8vo. 
 
 Denmark, Alex., M.D. Med. Chir. Trans., 1813. 
 
 Denne, Henry. Serms., <fcc., Lon., 1642-60. 
 
 Denne, John. Answer to Bunyan, 1'673, Svo. 
 
 Denne, John, D.D., 1693-1767, Archdeacon of Ro 
 chester, and Rector of Lambeth. Serms., <fcc., 1720-77. 
 Articles of Inquiry for a Par. Visitation, 1732, 4to. Dr. 
 D. was a learned antiquary, and contributed to Lewis's 
 Life of Wicliff. 
 
 Denne, John. Serm., 1753, 4to. 
 
 Denne, Samuel, 1730-1799, Vicar of Darent, and 
 eon of the Archdeacon of Rochester. Hist, and Antiq. of 
 Rochester, 1772. Palace of Mayfield, 1787, 4to. Hist. 
 Partic. of Lambeth Parish and Palace, 1795, 4to. This 
 forms part of vol. i. of the Supp. to Nichols's Bib. Top. 
 Brit., and is perhaps the scarcest of the whole series. Dr. 
 D. pub. many antiquarian papers in Archaeol., 1787-1800. 
 
 Denneston, E. Revenue of Excise, 1707, 4to. 
 
 Deniiie, Joseph, 1768-1812, a native of Boston, 
 graduated at Harvard University in 1790. Adopting the 
 profession of the law, he opened an office at Walpole, New 
 Hampshire, but found little encouragement, and determined 
 to devote himself to literary pursuits. In 1795 he pub. in 
 Boston, The Tatler, a weekly paper, and issued at Walpole, 
 The Farmer's Museum. In this periodical appeared the 
 essays by which he is best known, entitled The Lay Preacher. 
 In 1799 Mr. Pickering, Secretary of State, proffered him 
 a clerkship, and he removed to Philadelphia, where in 1801 
 he established The Port Folio, which he conducted until 
 his death in 1812. He enjoyed great reputation as a writer 
 during his life, and for some years after his decease. Pa 
 triarchs of the "lean and slippered pantaloon" who per 
 haps composed a part of the " mob of gentlemen who wrote 
 with ease" about the beginning of this century still ex 
 tol the melodious cadence and liquid flow of the essays of 
 the American Addison. We ourselves are so old-fashioned 
 as to consider Dennie a charming writer. 
 
 " The Lay Preacher of Dennie, and his articles in the Portfolio, 
 seem to me feeble and affected, though occasionally marked by 
 considerable excellence. It was natural to overrate him, as in his 
 time we had very few Writers with whom he could be compared. 
 For several years after the death of Brockden Brown, I believe he 
 was the only man in the country who made literature a profession. 
 ... He was a great favourite in society, and his brilliant social 
 qualities gave him a factitious reputation as a man of letters. 
 There is nothing in his writings deserving of reputation." Gris- 
 wold's Prose Writers of America. 
 
 Dennie, Lt. Col. Wm. H., R.A., d. 1842, a dis 
 tinguished officer, mortally wounded at the siege of Jella- 
 labad. Personal Narrative of the Campaigns in Affghan- 
 istan, Lon., 1843, 12mo. 
 
 Dennis, C. and R. Lloyd. A trans, of the Contes 
 Moraux of Marmontel, under the title of Moral Tales, Lon., 
 1781, 3 vols. 8vo; Perth, 1792, 4 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Dennis, George. The Cid ; a short Chronicle, 
 founded on the early poetry of Spain, Lon., 1845, 18mo. 
 The Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria, 1848, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 DEN 
 
 " Get ouvrage ne s'adresse pas seulement aux amateurs d'antt 
 quites. A c6t6 des recherches savants dirigees par un esprit d'ob- 
 servation trds eminent, il offre cet interSt poetique presque tou- 
 jours inseparable du r6cit d'un voyageur enthousiaste, qui sait 
 en quelque sorte nous transporter au milieu de la contree qu'il 
 decrit, et nous faire partager toutes ses impressions. C'est a la 
 fois un travail historique de grande valeur, et un guide precieux 
 pour les personnes qui veulent visiter 1'Italie avec fruit." Biblio- 
 theque. Univ. de Geneve. 
 
 ' These volumes are a valuable storehouse of classical and anti 
 quarian lore to every scholar; and the most general reader must 
 be attracted by their pleasant, though somewhat discursive, style." 
 Edin. Rev. 
 
 See GRAY, MRS. HAMILTON. 
 
 Dennis, Jonas. Sermons, Exeter, 1800. Svo. 
 
 Dennis, John, 1657-1734, a native of London, was 
 educated at Caius College, and Trinity Hall, Cambridge. 
 He obtained considerable notoriety as a dramatic and po 
 litical writer and critic. Plays, Lon., 1697-1720. They 
 consist of A Plot and No Plot; Rinaldo and Armida; 
 Iphigenia; Liberty Asserted; Orpheus and Euridice, a 
 Masque; Appius and Virginia; The Comical Gallant, (an 
 alteration of Shakspeare's Merry Wives of Windsor;) The 
 Invader of his Country, (an alteration of Coriolanus.) Let 
 ters, 1718, 2 vols. Svo. Select Works, consisting of Plays, 
 Poems, <fcc., 1718, 2 vols. Svo. Dennis was no gentle cri 
 tic; he handled Addison's Cato without mercy, and his 
 reflections upon Pope's Essay on Criticism secured him a 
 place in the Dunciad. Dr. Johnson regretted that Den 
 nis's works had not been collected. See his criticism on 
 Cato, in Johnson's Lives of the British Poets, a life of 
 Dennis in the Biog. Brit., and a sketch of his character in 
 Disraeli's Calamities of Authors. 
 
 " Dennis attained to the ambiguous honour of being distin 
 guished as ' The Critic,' and he may yet instruct us how the moral 
 influences the literary character, and how a certain talent that 
 can never mature itself into genius, like the pale fruit that hangs 
 in the shade, ripens only into sourness." DISRAELI, ubi supra. 
 
 Dennis, Samuel. Sermons, 1736, 4to. 
 
 Dennis, T. or J. Way of Curing Diseases, 1668. 
 
 Dennis, Rev. Thos. Psalms in Blank Verse, 1807. 
 
 Dennison, J. Legends of Galloway, 1825. 
 
 Dennison, Wm. Religious Doctrine, 1805. 
 
 Dennistone, Walter. Psalmi civ., Edin.,1696. 
 
 Dennistoun, George. Med. Con. Ess. Phys., 1754. 
 
 Denny, E. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1849. 
 
 Denny, Sir E. Hymns and Poems, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 Denny, Henry. Monographia Pselaphidorum et 
 Seydmsenidarum Britannise, Norwich, 1825, Svo. Mono 
 graphia Anoplurorum Britannise, Lon., 1842, 8vo. 
 
 " Do not depreciate any pursuit which leads men to contemplate 
 the works of their Creator." SOUTHEY. 
 
 Denny, John. Diseases of Horses, Lon., 1802, Svo. 
 
 Denny, Sir Wm. Pelecanicidium, or the Christian 
 Adviser against Self-Murder, Lon., 1653, Svo. In verse 
 and prose, with plates by Barlow. Bindley sale, pt. 1, 
 1769, 13. 
 
 Densell. See HOLLES, LORD. 
 
 Denston, B. L. The Atmosphere, Lon., 1806. ' 
 
 Dent, Arthur, minister of South Souberry, a Puritan. 
 A Plaine Man's Pathway to Heaven, Lon., 1622. 
 
 "A practical treatise." BickerstetKs Cliristian Student. 
 
 Other theolog. treatises and sermons, 1582-1617. 
 
 Dent, Edward. Sermon, Lon., 1692, 4to. 
 
 Dent, Giles. Sermons, Lon., 1707-13. 
 
 Dent, John. The Lawyer's Panic, or, Westminster 
 Hall in an Uproar, 1785, Svo. Force of Love; a Novel, 
 1786, 2 vols. 12mo. The Candidate; a Farce, 1782, Svo. 
 Too Civil by Half; a Farce, 1783, Svo. The Telegraph, 
 1795, Svo. 
 
 Dent, John. A Catalogue of the Library of, Lon., 
 1825. 20 copies privately printed. Dent sale, 2 at 10 10. j 
 4 at 12; 1 at 12 2s. 6rf. 
 
 Denton, Daniel. A Brief Description of New York, 
 with the Customs of the Indians, Lon., 1670, 4to. Very 
 rare. Reprinted, (100 copies 4to,) New York, 1845, with 
 Notes by Hon. Gabriel Furman. 
 
 This is supposed to be the first printed description in 
 English of New York and New Jersey, then under one 
 government. We know of but three copies of the original 
 in the United States : one in the N. York State Library 
 at Albany, one in the Library of Harvard University, and 
 the one from which Mr. Furman printed his edition. A 
 copy was sold at the Nassau sale for 18s. ; in New York, 
 recently, for $31 ! 
 
 Denton, J. Bailey. Model Mapping for Drainage 
 and Irrigation, Lon., 2d ed., 1842, Svo. 
 
 "We hope it will be generally taken up, and become a Parlia 
 mentary subject." Lon. Surveyor's Journal. 
 
 Other works on Draining, 1849, '52. 
 
DEN 
 
 Denton, John, 1625-1708, Prebendary of York, pub. 
 some sermons and theolog. treatises. 
 
 Denton, Thomas, 1724-1777, Rector of Ashted, 
 Surrey. Religious Retirement; from Gother. Immortality, 
 1755, 4to. The House of Superstition, 1762, 4to. The two 
 preceding are poems, and are thought to be good imitations 
 of Spenser. Serm., 1775, 8vo. He compiled the supple 
 mental vol. to the 1st ed. of the Biographical Dictionary. 
 
 Denton, Wm., M.D., 1605-1691, physician to Charles 
 I. and Charles II. Horse Subsecivae : rel. to Laws against 
 Papists, Lon., 1664, 4to; another treatise, 1675, 4to. Jus 
 Csesaris et Ecclesise vere dictae, (Anglice,) 1681, fol. 
 
 Denzil. See HOLLES, LORD. 
 
 Depalaine. Repository of the Lives and Portraits 
 of Distinguished American Characters, Phila., vols. i. and 
 ii., Pt. 1 ; 18 portraits. 
 
 Depping,J.B. Evening Entertainments; or, Delinea 
 tions of Manners and Customs, Lon., 1811, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 Commended by Lon. Month. Rev. and Lon. Eclec. Rev. 
 
 De Puy, Henry W. 1. Kossuth and His Generals, 
 Buffalo, 12mo. 2. Louis Napoleon and his Times, 1853, 
 12mo. 3. Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Heroes 
 of '76, 1853, 12mo. 
 
 De Quincey, Thomas, b. 1786, the son of an Eng 
 lish merchant, is a native of Manchester, and was educated 
 at Eton and Oxford. For the history of his early years we 
 must refer the reader to the glowing pages of the Confessions 
 of an English Opium-Eater. This famous autobiography 
 was originally pub. in the Old London Magazine in 1821, 
 and appeared in a vol. in 1822. The reader will also find 
 much of interest in the Autobiographic Sketches, pub. by 
 Mr. De Quincey, 1853, &c., and in a Memoir of his Life, 
 Bosk, 1855, by Dr. R. Shelton Mackenzie. The author has 
 made some excellent translations from Jean Paul Richter 
 and Lessing, which appeared in the London Magazine and 
 Blackwood, and contributed many articles, on biography, 
 metaphysics, and philosophy, to the periodicals of the day. 
 Among his best-known articles are the lives of Shakspeare 
 and Pope in the Encyclopaedia Britannica ; a paper on the 
 Knocking at the Gate, in Macbeth ; the Vision of Sudden 
 Death ; and Murder Considered as One of the Fine Arts. 
 But we shall confer no small favour on the reader by a 
 catalogue of the contents of an edition (the only complete 
 one pub. in Great Britain or America) of the writings of 
 this popular author, collected and edited by Mr. J. T. 
 Fields and issued by the enterprising house of Ticknor 
 & Fields, Boston, United States : Vol. I. Confessions of an 
 English Opium-Eater : 1. The Confessions ; 2. Suspiria de 
 Profundis. II. Biographical Essays: 1. Shakspeare; 2. 
 Pope ; 3. Lamb ; 4. Goethe ; 5. Schiller. III. Miscellaneous 
 Essays : 1. On the Knocking at the Gate, in Macbeth ; 2. 
 Murder Considered as One of the Fine Arts ; 3. Second 
 Paper on Murder ; 4. Joan of Arc ; 5. The English Mail- 
 Coach ; 6. The Vision of Sudden Death; 7. Dinner, Real 
 and Reputed ; 8. Orthographic Mutineers ; 9. Sortilege on 
 Behalf of the Glasgow Athenaeum. IV. The Caesars. V. 
 Life and Manners : 1. Early Days ; 2. London ; 3. Ire 
 land ; 4. The Irish Rebellion ; 5. Premature Manhood ; 6. 
 Travelling ; 7. My Brother ; 8. Oxford ; 9. German Litera 
 ture. VI. and VII. Literary Reminiscences : 1. Literary 
 Novitiate; 2. Sir Humphry Davy ; 3. William Godwin; 4. 
 Mrs. Grant ; 5. Recollections of Charles Lamb ; 6. Wallad- 
 mor; 7. Coleridge; 8. Wordsworth; 9. Southey ; 10. Re 
 collections of Grasmere ; 11. The Saracen's Head ; 12. 
 Society of the Lakes; 13. Charles Lloyd; 14. Walking 
 Stewart; 15. Edward Irving; 16. Talfourd; 17. The Lon 
 don Magazine; 18. Junius; 19. Clare; 20. Cunningham; 
 21. Attack by a London Journal; 22. Duelling. VIII. 
 and IX. Narrative and Miscellaneous Papers: 1. The 
 Household Wreck ; 2. The Spanish Nun ; 3. Flight of a 
 Tartar Tribe ; 4. System of the Heavens as Revealed by 
 the Telescope ; 5. Modern Superstition ; 6. Coleridge and 
 Opium-Eating; 7. Temperance Movement; 8. On War; 
 9. The Last Days of Immanuel Kant. X. Essays on the 
 Poets and other English Writers : 1. The Poetry of Words 
 worth ; 2. Percy Bysshe Shelley ; 3. John Keats ; 4. Oliver 
 Goldsmith ; 5. Alexander Pope ; 6. William Godwin ; 7. 
 John Foster; 8. William Hazlitt; 9. Walter Savage Lan- 
 dor. XI. and XII. Historical and Critical Essays: 1. 
 Philosophy of Roman History ; 2. The Essenes ; 3. Philo 
 sophy of Herodotus ; 4. Plato's Republic ; 5. Homer and 
 the Homeridae ; 6. Cicero ; 7. Style ; 8. Rhetoric. XIII. 
 and XIV. Essays on Philosophical Writers and other Men 
 of Letters : 1. Sir William Hamilton ; 2. Sir James Mack 
 intosh ; 3. Kant in his Miscellaneous Essays ; 4. Herder 
 5. John Paul Frederick Richter; 6. Analects from Richter 
 7. Lessing; 8. Bentley ; 9. Parr. XV. Letters to a Young 
 
 DEQ 
 
 Man whose Education has been Neglected, and other Papers. 
 XVI. and XVII. Theological Essays, and other Papers. 
 
 XVIII. The Note-Book of an English Opium-Eater. 
 
 XIX. and XX. Memorials, and other Papers. 
 
 A selection from his writings is now in course of pub 
 lication at London and Edinburgh. Vols. vii. and viii. were 
 pub. in May, 1858; vol. viii., (Edin. ed.,) Essays, Sceptical 
 and Anti-Sceptical ; or, Problems Neglected or Miscon 
 ceived, 1858, cr. 8vo. 
 
 So far as this edition has proceeded, it will be seen that 
 Mr. De Quincey has simply republished (with elucidatory 
 notes) from the American edition. It is but proper to quote 
 the following lines from a late biographical sketch of the 
 author : 
 
 "In the Preface to this edition Mr. De Quincey makes a classi 
 fication of his writings which it is useful to remember. The im 
 mense medley, which, in the American edition, is arranged on the 
 loosest possible principle, may be distributed, he says, in the main, 
 into three classes of papers: first, papers whose chief purpose is 
 to interest and amuse, (autobiographic sketches, reminiscences of 
 distinguished contemporaries, biographical memoirs, whimsical 
 narratives, and such like;) secondly, essays of a speculative, 
 critical, or philosophical character, addressing the understanding 
 as an insulated faculty, (of these there are many ;) and, thirdly, 
 papers belonging to the order of what may be called ' prose-poetry ;' 
 that is, fantasies or imaginations in prose, (of which class Mr. 
 De Quincey cites the ' Suspiria de Profundis,' originally published 
 in Blackwood, as the most characteristic specimen.) Under any 
 one of the three aspects here indicated, Mr. De Quincey must rank 
 high in the entire list of British prose-writers." Knight's English 
 Cyc., Biog., vol. ii. 568. 
 
 "It is astonishing how much more Boston [J. T. Fields] knows 
 of my literary acts and purposes than I do myself. Were it not in 
 deed through Boston, hardly the sixth part of my literary under- 
 takings hurried or deliberate, sound, rotting, or rotten would 
 ever have reached posterity : which, be it known to thee, most sar 
 castic of future censors, already most of them have reached.'' Pref. 
 
 It is worthy of note that the occasional essays of a 
 number of distinguished British authors have been first 
 collected in America. We may instance Macaulay, Wilson, 
 Carlyle, De Quincey, Talfourd, <fec. In a review of De 
 Quincey's writings pub. in the London Eclectic Review in 
 1851, it was stated that it was not probable that a collective 
 edition of his works would ever appear; the author, in con 
 sequence of ill health, being disinclined to accede to the 
 request of several publishers that he would prepare such a 
 collection for publication. But, not discouraged by this 
 unpromising announcement, Mr. Fields determined to col 
 lect his writings, and his firm (Ticknor & Fields) offered 
 the author a share of the profits of the series. Mr. De 
 Quincey could not withstand an enthusiasm so creditable 
 to the projectors : he gave his aid to the enterprise, and the 
 twenty volumes enumerated above are the result. Publishers 
 of this stamp are an honour to an honourable profession. 
 
 As a political economist, Mr. De Quincey has gained as 
 much credit as he has secured by his philosophical, bio 
 graphical, and critical disquisitions. The Dialogues of 
 Three Templars on Political Economy, chiefly in relation 
 to the Principles (respecting value) of Mr. Ricardo, which 
 appeared in the London Magazine for April and May, 
 1824, are thus commended by an eminent authority : 
 
 "They are unequalled, perhaps, for brevity, pungency, and force. 
 They not only bring the Ricardian theory of value into strong re 
 lief, but triumphantly repel, or rather annihilate, the objections 
 urged against it by Malthus in the pamphlet now referred to [The 
 Measure of Value Stated and Illustrated] and his Political Eco 
 nomy, and by Say and others. They may, indeed, be said to have 
 exhausted the subject." McCuUoch's Lit. of Polit. Economy, p. 33. 
 
 The same critic thus comments upon De Quincey's Logic 
 of Political Economy, (Lon. and Edin., 1844, 8vo :) 
 
 " This very clever work is intended to unravel intricacies and to 
 expose sundry errors in the application of the Ricardian theory of 
 value. It would, however, have been more popular and successful 
 had it been less scholastic. It is right to be logical, but not to be per 
 petually obtruding logical forms and technicalities on the reader's 
 attention. This sort of affectation is little noticed in a brief essay 
 like the Templars' Dialogues ; but in a goodly-sized volume like 
 the present it becomes tiresome and repulsive." Ubi supra, 20. 
 
 The general style of the Confessions is thus well de 
 scribed by an English critic : 
 
 "They have an air of reality and life; and they exhibit such 
 strong graphic powers as to throw an interest and even a dignity 
 round a subject which in less able hands might have been ren 
 dered a tissue of trifles and absurdities. They are, indeed, very 
 picturesque and vivid sketches of individual character and feel 
 ings, drawn with a boldness yet an exactness of pencil that is to 
 be found only in one or two prominent geniuses of our day. . . . 
 They combine strong sense with wild and somewhat fantastic in 
 ventions, accuracy of detail with poetic illustration, and analytical 
 reasoning and metaphysical research with uncommon pathos and 
 refinement of ideas. . . . Much truth and fine colouring are dis 
 played in the descriptions and details of the work : its qualities are 
 all of a rich and elevated kind, such as high pathos, profound 
 views, and deep reasoning, with a happy vein of ridicule indulged 
 at the writer's own expense." Lon. Month. Rev., c. 288. 
 
 Mr. Gilfillan, commenting upon the charge that this cele- 
 
DEQ 
 
 brated work owed its strength to the inspiration of Opium, 
 replies, that " it is not opium in De Quincey, but De Quin 
 cey in opium" that wrote the Suspiria and the Confessions. 
 
 It is to be regretted that the eloquent author has not bet 
 ter learned the Art of Sinking to the proper level of the 
 everyday topics of literature, biography, or criticism, 
 which he often sees fit to discuss. In these essays we see 
 a striking instance of Cicero's declaration, "Rerum copia 
 verboruin copiam gignet." With such an affluence of lan 
 guage, therefore, Mr. De Quincey can well afford occasional 
 simplicity when the subject demands it 
 
 Another prominent fault of this very learned critic, is 
 an ostentation of learning, and a thorough contempt, which 
 he is at no pains to conceal, for those whose opinions do 
 not happen to coincide with his own. And yet, no man 
 can build a larger superstructure upon a slender founda 
 tion no man can more sophistically exalt a hypothesis 
 into a fact, and such assumed fact into an infallible canon 
 than this orthodox stickler for the lex scripta. 
 
 Mr. De Quincey's conversation is described as fascinating 
 beyond description. We give a short extract from the let 
 ter of a gentleman who visited him in 1854, at Lasswade, 
 near Edinburgh, where he has resided for some years : 
 
 " For a half hour at least he talked as we have never heard an 
 other talk. We have listened to Sir Wm. Hamilton at his own fire 
 side, to Carlyle walking in the parks of London, to Lainartine in 
 the midst of a favoured few at his own house, to Cousin at the Sor- 
 bonne, and to many others, but never have we heard such sweet 
 music of eloquent speech as then flowed from De Quincey's tongue. 
 To attempt reporting what he said would be like attempting to 
 entrap the rays of the sun. Strange light beamed from that grief- 
 worn face, and for a little while that weak body, so long fed upon 
 by pain, seemed to be clothed with supernatural youth." 
 
 Dequir, Fred. Terra Australia incognita, or a New 
 Southern Discoverie, 1617, 4to. 
 
 Derante, P. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1722. 
 
 Derby, Charles Stanley, Earl of, Lord of Man 
 and the Isles. The Protestant Religion is a sure Founda 
 tion of a true Christian and a good Subject, a great Friend 
 to human Society, and a grand Promoter of all Virtues, 
 both Christian and moral, Lon., 4to, 1669, anon. ; 1671, with 
 author's name. 
 
 " His father lost his head, and he his liberty, for Charles the Se 
 cond. The grateful king rewarded the son with the lord-lieuten 
 ancies of two counties." Walp6U?s R. & N. Authors. 
 
 Derby, Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of, was the 
 author of a pastoral poem, communicated to the Antiqua 
 rian Repertory by Sir John Hawkins. It will be found in 
 Park's Walpole's R. & N. Authors. 
 
 " One of our early bards, and not an unpromising one." HORACE 
 WALPOLE. 
 
 Derby, James Stanley, 7th Earl of, nephew of the 
 preceding, beheaded 1651, was distinguished for his bravery 
 in defence of Charles I. His widow, also, defended the 
 Isle of Man against the republicans. Hist, and Antiq. of 
 the Isle of Man. Pub. in Peck's Desiderata, vol. ii. 1732. 
 Declaration, 1649, 4to. Message to Chas. II., 1649, 4to. 
 Charge, 1651, 4to. Trial, 1651, 4to. Speech on the Scaf 
 fold, 1651, 4to. 
 
 " Among the sufferers for King Charles the First, none cast greater 
 lustre on the cause than this heroic lord." HORACE WALPOLE. 
 
 Derby, John. Comment, on the four Evangel, and 
 the Acts, with other theolog. pieces, by Zachary Pearce, 
 D.D., Lon., 1777, 2 vols. 4to. Serms. by Z. Pearce, D.D , 
 1778, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Derby, Richard. Serm., 1718, 8vo. 
 
 Dereney, Thos., R.N. Naval Poems, 1813, 4to. 
 
 Derham, Robt. Independence in Ch. Gov't destruc 
 tive to English Law, Lon., 1646, 4to. Rights of Parlia 
 ment, 1647, 8vo. 
 
 Derham, Saml. Ilmington Waters, with directions 
 for drinking the same, Oxf., 1685. 
 
 Derham, Wm., 1657-1735/entered Trinity Coll., Oxf., 
 1675; Canon of Windsor, 1716. Physico-Theology, Lon., 
 
 1713, 8vo; many edits., 1798, 2 vols. 8vo. Astro-Theology, 
 
 1714, 8vo; 3d ed., 1719. These works have been greatly 
 commended, and trans, into several languages. Christo- 
 Theology, 1730, 8vo. Miscellanea Curioso ; being travels, 
 voyages, &c. delivered in to the Royal Society, 1720, '26, '27, 
 3 vols. 8vo. See Rich's Amer. Bibl. Nova. This learned 
 philosopher and divine pub. some other works, and many 
 papers in Phil. Trans. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 " Few men have had more accurate and extensive acquaintance 
 with nature, in its grandest and minutest features, than Dr. Der 
 ham. He was equally at home when travelling among the stars 
 and when sojourning among the insects that flit in the breeze! 
 ... In all the operations of nature he delighted to trace the hand 
 of nature's God." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " What hath been communicated by our ingenious Derham will 
 nobly serve religion as well as philosophy." COTTON MATHER 
 
 Dering, Edward. See DEERING. 
 
 DET 
 
 Dering, Sir Edward. See DEARIWG. 
 
 Derkar, Thomas. See DECKER. 
 
 Dermody, Thomas, 1775-1802, a native of Ennis, 
 in Ireland, displayed poetical powers at a very early age. 
 In 1792 he pub. a vol. of poems written in his thirteenth year. 
 In 1793 appeared The Rights of Justice, a polit. pamphlet. 
 Poems, 1801, 2 vols. Peace; a Poem, 1801, 4to. Poems, 
 1802, 8vo. The Battle of the Bards; a Poem. He became 
 a soldier, but disgraced himself by intemperance and died 
 in poverty at Sydenham. In 1806 Mr. Jas. G. Raymond 
 pub. his Life, Ac., in 2 vols. cr. 8vo, and his poetical works, 
 under the title of The Harp of Erin, in 1807, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Dermott, L<. Free Masonry, Lon., 1801, 8vo. 
 
 Derodon, David. Funeral of the Mass, 1673. 
 
 Derok, M. Method of Copying, 1796. 
 
 De Roos, F. F. Travels in the United States and 
 Canada in 1826, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 De Ros, Lord, Colonel R. Army. 1. The Young 
 Officer's Companion, Lon., 1851, 12mo; 2d ed., 1852, 12mo. 
 2. Journal of a Tour in the Crimea in 1835-36, 1855, p. 8vo. 
 
 De Ros, W. F. Yeomanry Regulations, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Derrick, Chas. The British Navy, 1806, 4to. 
 
 Derrick, Samuel, 1721-1769, a native of Ireland, 
 made some trans, from the Latin and French; edited Dry- 
 den's works, 1762, 4 vols. 8vo; pub. The Battle of Lora, a 
 Poem; a collection of voyages, 1763, 2 vols. 12mo; and a 
 view of the stage, under the name of Wilkes, 1759. Der 
 rick's Jests were pub. in 1769, 12mo. He is best known 
 by Letters, written from Liverpool, Chester, &c., Dubl., 
 1767, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " If they had been written by one of a more established name, 
 they would have been thought very pretty letters." DR. SAMUEL 
 JOHNSON. 
 
 Derricke, John. The Image of Irelande, Lon., 1581, 
 4to. Roxburghe, 3324, 9 9s. White Knight's, 13. 
 
 Derring, Edward. See DEERING. 
 
 Desaguliers, J. H. Jeweller's Accounts, 1734. 
 
 Desaguliers, John. Serm., 1717, 8vo. 
 
 Desaussure, Judge H. W., of S. Carolina, 1775- 
 1839. Reports Ct. Chan, and Ct. of H. in Equity, in S. 
 Car. from the Rev. to 1813. Columbia, 1817-19, 4 vols. 
 8vo; 2d ed., revised and corrected by a member of the 
 Philadelphia Bar, 4 vols. in 2, 8vo, Phila. 
 
 Descherny, David, M.D. The Stone, Lon., 1753, 8vo. 
 Fevers, 1760, 8vo. Small-Pox, 1760, 8vo. Gout, 1760, 8vo. 
 
 Des Barres. Cape Breton, Lon., 1804, 8vo. 
 
 " Privately printed, and suppressed." 
 
 See Colonel Aspinwall's Cat., p. 55. 
 
 Des Barres, J. F. W. The Atlantic Neptune ; pub. 
 for the use of the Royal Navy of Great Britain, Lon., 1777, 
 2 vols. atlas fol. 
 
 " The most splendid collection of charts, plans, and views, ever 
 published. It was executed at the expense of the British Govern 
 ment for the use of the British navy, and no expense appears to 
 have been spared in the execution in order to render it a monu 
 ment worthy of the nation." .tftcA's Bibl. Amer. Nova, q. v. for 
 collation. 
 
 Des Ecotais, Lewis. Memoirs, 1677, 8vo. 
 Deshler, C. D. Selections from the Poetical Works 
 of Chaucer, N. York, 1847, 12mo. 
 De Sola, Rev. D. A. L., and Raphall, M. J. The 
 
 Sacred Scriptures in Hebrew and Greek, Lon., 1844, 1 vol. 
 8vo : all that has been pub. / 
 
 Des Maizeaux, Des Maiseaux, or Desmai- 
 seaux, Peter, 1666-1745, a native of Auvergne, lived 
 many years in England, where he died. He wrote the 
 Lives of St. Evremond, Bayle, Boileau, Chillingworth, 
 and John Hales, pub. a Collection of Pieces by Newton, 
 Leibnitz, Clarke, Locke, <fcc., (Amst., 1720, 2 vols. 12mo,) 
 and engaged in several other literary labours. Bayle's 
 Dictionary, (in English,) 2d e<L, to which is prefixed a Life 
 of the Author by Des Maizeaux, Lon., 1734-37, 5 vols. fol. 
 This ed. is worth about 5, in good condition. We have 
 already dwelt upon the merits and demerits of Bayle's 
 Dictionary in our article BIRCH, THOMAS, q. v. 
 
 Desmond, W. Chemical Philos., Lon., 1808. 
 
 Desmus, R. Merlinus Anonymus, an Ephemeris 
 for the year 1653; ditto for 1655, Lon., 1654, '55, 8vo 
 
 Despaurrius, M. Neville Family, founded on Facts, 
 1815, 3 vols. 
 
 Dessian, J. On Navigation, 1802, '13. 
 
 Desvoeux, A. V. A Philos. and Crit. Essay on Eccle- 
 siastes, Lon., 1760, 4to. In German, at Halle, 1764, 4to. 
 
 '< He deserves well of all the lovers of sacred literature for the 
 pams which he has taken to elucidate one of the darkest parts of 
 Scripture." Ormes Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " The author has shown very considerable abilities as a critic." 
 Lon. Mmthly Xeview. 
 
 Dethick, Henry. Carmina in Ferias Sacras, Lon., 
 1577, 4to. 
 
BET 
 
 DEW 
 
 Dethick, Sir Win., Garter Principal King of Arms. 
 Antiquities of Funeral Ceremonies; of Epitaphs, Mottoes, 
 and the Christian Religion in England. See Hearne's Col 
 lections, 1771. 
 
 Dethycke. Gardener's Labyrintbe, 1586, 4to. 
 Deuchar, A. British Crests, Edin., 1817, Svo. 
 Deusbery, Win. Theolog. treatises, 1654-56. 
 Deuwes, Giles. Introduc. to Frenche, Lon., 4to. 
 Devarius, M. Graecee Linguae Particulis, 1718. 
 De Veil, Charles Maria, D.D., a learned converted 
 Jew of Metz, in Lorraine, joined the Ch. of Rome, then the , 
 Ch. of England, and finally attached himself to the Bap- j 
 tists, among whom he preached until his death. Explicatio j 
 literalis Evang. sec. Matt, et Marcum, Lon., 1672, '78, Svo; ; 
 do. Cantici Canticorum, 1679 ; do. Minor Proph., 1680, Svo ; j 
 do. Ecclesiastic*, 1681; do. Auctorum Apostolorum, 1684. j 
 An English trans, of this last was pub. 1685, Svo. 
 
 "All bis expository works possess considerable value." Orme's \ 
 Bibl. Sib., q. v. for particular notices. 
 
 Deveil, Sir Thos. Life and Times, 1748, Svo. 
 Devenish, Thos. The Duty of Love, and the Evil 
 of Uncbaritableness, 1649, 4to. 
 
 De Vere, Sir Aubrey. Song of Faith, Devout Ex 
 ercises, and Sonnets, Lon., 1842. 
 
 Dedication. " To WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, ESQ. : My dear sir To 
 know that you have perused many of the following Poems with 
 pleasure, and did not hesitate to reward them with your praise, has 
 been to me cause of unmingled happiness. In accepting the Dedi 
 cation of this Volume, you permit me to link my name which I 
 have hitherto done so little to illustrate with yours, the noblest 
 of modern literature. I may at least hope to be named hereafter 
 as one among the friends of WORDSWORTH. As such, I trust you 
 will ever regard your faithful AUBREY DE VERB. 
 
 " Curra Chase., May 20, 1842." 
 
 Waldenses, 1842. The Search after Proserpine, and other 
 Poems, 1843. Mary Tudor; a Drama, with Poems, 1847. 
 English Misrule and Irish Misdeeds, 1848. Sketches of 
 Greece and Turkey, 1850. 
 
 De Vere, Maximilian Schele, b. 1820, near Wexio, 
 in Sweden; Member of the Oriental Society; a resident of 
 the U.S. 1. Outlines of Comparative Philology, N". York, 
 12mo. 2. Grammar of the Spanish Language, N.Y., 12mo. 
 3. Stray 'Leaves from the Book of Nature, N.Y., 1850, 12mo. 
 Contrib. to Putnam's Monthly, South. Lit. Mess., Ac. 
 Deverel. Surgical con. to Phil. Trans., 1720. 
 Deverell, Mary. Serms., 1777, Svo. Miscellanies, 
 1781, 2 vols. 12mo. Heroic Poem, 1786, Svo. Queen of 
 Scots; a Trag., 1792, Svo. 
 
 Deverell, Robt. Antiquarian works, Lon., 1802, '06. 
 Discoveries in Hieroglyphics and other Antiquities, 1813, 
 6 vols. Svo. Withdrawn after the sale of a few copies only. 
 Fever, 4to. 
 
 Devereux. Views on the Mediterranean, 1847, imp. fol. 
 Devereux, Hon. Capt., R.N. Lives of the Earls 
 of Essex, 1540-1646, Lon., 1852, 2 vols. Svo. 
 Devereux, J. E. Factions in Ireland, 1808. 
 Devereux, Robert, second Earl of Essex, 1567-1601, 
 the unfortunate favourite of Queen Elizabeth, is classed by 
 Horace Walpole among the Royal and Noble Authors of 
 England. See a list of his writings in vol. ii. 76, Park's 
 ed. Many of his letters will be found in Birch's Memoirs 
 of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, and in several collections 
 of State Papers. The Verses written in his Trouble will 
 be found in Ellis's Specimens ; and the Earle of Essex, his 
 Buzze, a poetical complaint, is in Park's Walpole's R. and 
 N. Authors. Mr. Park is disposed to think that if Warton 
 had read the Buzze, he would have set a higher estimation 
 upon the Earl's claims as a poet : 
 
 " A few of his sonnets are in the Ashmolean Museum, which 
 have no marks of poetic genius; but he is a vigorous and elegant 
 writer of prose." Warton' s Hist, of Eng. Poetry. 
 
 Horace Walpole considers his long letter to the Queen 
 from Ireland, on the condition of that country, Ac., (see 
 the Bacon Papers, vol. ii. 415,) 
 
 " Of all his compositions, the most excellent, and in many re 
 spects equal to the performances of the greatest geniuses." R. and 
 N. Authors, Park's ed., ii. 105. 
 
 Devereux, Robert, third Earl of Essex, 1592-1646, 
 only son of the preceding, has also some claims as an au 
 thor. A list of his Letters, Speeches, Proclamations, Ac. 
 will be found in Watt's Bibl. Brit., and some in Park's Wal 
 pole's R. and N. Authors. 
 
 " Essex had ever an honest heart, and though nature had not 
 given him eloquence, he had a strong reason which did express 
 him better." ARTHUR WILSON: Hist, of King James, p 162. 
 
 " He was in his friendships just and constant, and would not 
 have practised foully against those he took to be his enemies." 
 LORD CLARENDON : Hint, of the Rebellion. 
 
 " He was in no way inclined to the sullen opinion of those men 
 who disdain the muses." WOOD : Athen. Oxon. See Park's Wai- 
 pole's R. and N. Authors, iii. 5. 
 
 Devereux, Thomas P. Reports Supreme Ct. N. Car., 
 1826-34, Raleigh, 4 vols. Svo, 1829-36 ; in Ct. of Equity, 
 do., 1826-34, 2 vols. Svo, 1838-40 ; T. P. D. and W. H. Bat 
 tle. Reports in Superior Ct. of N. Car., 1834-40, 4 vols. 
 8vo,1837-40 ; Equity Reports,1834-40, 2 vols. Svo,1838-40. 
 
 Devereux, Walter, first Earl of Essex, 1540-1576, 
 father of Elizabeth's favourite, was the author of A Godly 
 and Virtuous Song, otherwise called The Complaynte of a 
 Sinner, printed in the Paradise of daintie Devises, 1576. 
 See these verses, collated with the MS. and printed copies, 
 in Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors, ii. 18. 
 
 De Vericour, L. R. Milton and Epic Poetry. Mo 
 dern French Literature. Educational Reports. Other 
 works. Historical Analysis of Christian Civilization, Lon., 
 1850, Svo; 1853. 
 
 " The object of this work has been to trace an outline of the His 
 tory of European Nations, and of Christian Civilization since the 
 Christian Era, and to place the Science of History upon its lofty 
 and real basis, viz. : the doctrine of Progress." 
 
 " An immense body of information is comprised in this volume, 
 and this too embracing all the great points in the civil and ecclesi 
 astical history of every country in Europe." 
 
 Appended to this vol. is an Historical Library or Cata 
 logue of Historical Works, occupying twenty pages. 
 
 Devis, Ellin. Grammar, Ac., Lon., 1777, '84. 
 
 Devis, James. Serm., 1756. 
 
 Devlin, J. Dacres. Helps to Hereford History, Civil 
 and Legendary, 1848, 12mo. 
 
 "A little work full of antiquarian information, presented in a 
 pleasing and popular form." Nonconformist. 
 
 Devonshire, Elizabeth Hervey, Duchess of, 
 
 1759-1824, distinguished for beauty, talents, and literary 
 taste, printed an edit, at Rome of the poem of the passage 
 of St. Gotbard by Georgiana, the former Duchess of De 
 vonshire, (v. pottt.) She also pub. beautiful edits, of the 
 5th satire of Horace, lib. i., and the ^Eneid of Virgil. 
 
 Devonshire, Georgiana, Duchess of, 1757-1806, 
 also distinguished for her beauty and accomplishments, 
 wrote The Passage of Mount St. Gothard, a Poem, pub. 
 together with an Italian trans, by Sig. Polidori, Lon., 1802, 
 fol. Another ed. in English and French by the Abbe de 
 Lille, 1802, Svo. An edit, was also pub. at Rome, v. ante. 
 
 Dew, Samuel. Serm., 1735, Svo. 
 
 Dew, Thomas, late Pres. of the Coll. of William and 
 Mary. A Digest of the Laws, Customs, Manners, and Insti 
 tutions of the Ancient and Modern Nations, N.Y., 1853, Svo. 
 
 " I greatly prefer it to any history for the use of schools which 
 I have seen." PROF. J. J. OWEN, N' York Free Academy. 
 
 Dew, Thomas R., d. 1846, graduated at William 
 and Mary College, and at the age of 23 occupied the 
 chair of Moral Science in the same institution. 1. Lec 
 tures on the Restrictive System, Richmond, Svo. 2. 
 Lectures on Ancient and Modern History ; new ed., N. 
 York, 1853, 8vo. 3. A volume on Slavery, in which he 
 advocates the views held by John C. Calhoun. 
 
 Dewar, Daniel, D.D. Observations on the Irish, 
 1812, Svo. Discourses illus. of the Designs of Christ'y., 
 1818, Svo. 
 
 "The style is generally elegant, chaste, and classical." Lon. 
 Congreg. Mag. 
 
 The Church, 1845, Svo. The Holy Spirit, His Personality 
 and Divinity, Lon., 1847, Svo. 
 
 "We earnestly commend the book to students of divinity." 
 Lon. Evangel. Mag. 
 
 The Nature, Reality,and Efficacy of the Atonement,12mo. 
 
 " A candid, elaborate, and spirited defence of the truth as it is in 
 Jesus." Lon. Christian Instructor. 
 
 Other works. 
 
 Dewar, Ed. H. German Protestantism, Oxf., 1844. 
 
 Dewar, Henry, M.D. Profess, treatises, Ac., 1803-17. 
 
 Dewell, T., M.D. Philos. of Physic, 1784, Svo. 
 
 Dewees, William Potts, M.D., 1768-1841, Prof, of 
 Midwifery in the University of Pennsylvania. Inaugural 
 Essays; 2 edits. Medical Essays, Phila., 1823. System 
 of Midwifery, 12th ed., 1854, Svo, pp. 600. 
 
 " It is founded on the French system of Obstetrics, especially on 
 that of Baudelocque. It takes a stand in advance of Denham, 
 Osborne, Burns, and other English authorities in general use in 
 our country at that period, and even of Baudelocque himself, in 
 throwing aside from his excellent system much that was useless, 
 and, it may be said, imaginative." Memoir by H. L. Hodge, M.D., 
 in Amer. Med. Journal. 
 
 A Treatise on the Physical and Medical Treatment of 
 Children, 1825; 10th ed., 1854, Svo, pp. 548. A Treatise 
 on the Diseases of Females, 1826; 10th ed., 1854, Svo, pp. 
 532. On the Practice of Medicine, 1830. 
 
 " He chose Baudelocque for his teacher, and often declared that 
 he was indebted to that most distinguished French obstetrician for 
 all that he knew himself of midwifery. The disciple was worthy 
 of his master." Supra ; vide Williams's Med. Biog., 1845, Svo. 
 
 D'Ewes, Sir Symonds, 1602-1650, a native of Cox- 
 don, Dorsetshire, was educated at St. John's Coll., Carnb. 
 
DEW 
 
 DIB 
 
 At the early age of 18 he commenced collecting materials ! Dibdin, Thomas Frognall, D.D., 1775-1847, an 
 for a History of England. These were pub. after his death, eminent English bibliographer, was a nephew of Charles 
 revised by Paul Bowes, under the title of The Journal of 
 all the Parliaments during the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, 
 1682, fol., and 1687, '93, and 1708. 
 
 "The Journals of the Parliaments, by Sir Symonds D'Ewes, is a 
 work of authority connected with the reign of Queen Elizabeth. 
 The preface is worth reading ; it is animating, it is edifying, to see 
 the piety and industry of these venerable men of former times." 
 Prof. Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist. And see Edin. Rev., Ixxxiv. 76. 
 
 Two Speeches: 1. The Antiquity of Cambridge; 2. The 
 Privilege of Parliament, 1641, fol. ; 1642. Other Speeches, 
 &c. In 1845 was pub. Sir Symonds D'Ewes's Autobiog. 
 and Corresp., edited by Halliwell, 1845, 2 vols. Svo. These 
 vols. should accompany the Diaries of Evelyn and Pepys. 
 
 Dewey, George W., b. 1818, at Baltimore, is a resi 
 dent of Philadelphia. He has contributed a number of 
 poems and prose essays to the periodicals of the day. See 
 specimens in Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America. 
 
 -Of our younger and minor poets no one has more natural grace 
 and tenderness than George W. Dewey. ... He has not written 
 much, but whatever he has given to the public is written well, and 
 all his compositions have the sign of a genuineness that never fails 
 to please." International Magazine, iii. 286, 1851. 
 
 Dewey, Orville, D.D., b. 1794, in Sheffield, Berkshire 
 co., Massachusetts, a Unitarian minister. Discourses on 
 Various Subjects, 1835, 3 vols. The Old World and the 
 New ; or Journal of a Tour in Europe, 1'836, 2 vols. Moral 
 Views of Commerce, Society, and Politics, in 12 Discourses, 
 1838. Discourses on Human Life, 1841. Discourses and 
 Reviews on Questions relating to Controversial Theology 
 and Practical Religion, 1846. On Human Nature, Human 
 Life, Ac., 1847. On the Nature of Religion and on Busi 
 ness, 1847. Works, 1847, 3 vols. Many of Mr. Dewey's 
 works have been repub. in London, 1838-51. 
 
 " His reasoning is generally comprehensive, and his illustrations 
 often poetical. There is a happy mixture of ease and finish in his 
 style." Griswold's P>-ose Writers of America. 
 
 Dewhirst, Rev. Chas. Theolog. treatises, 1813-35. 
 
 Delving, H. C. Mysteries of Paris, r. 8vo. 
 
 De Wint, Mrs. J. P. The Journal and Correspond 
 ence of Miss Adams, daughter of John Adams, President 
 of the U. States, and wife of Col. Smith, Sec. to the Ame 
 rican Legation at London, N. York, 1841-42, 2 vols. Mrs. 
 De Wint was a daughter of Mrs. Adams. 
 
 De Witt, Benj., M.D., of N. York, d. 1819, aged 45. 
 Oxygen, 1797. Oration, 1808. Minerals in N. York; pub. 
 in Mem. of A. A. S., vol. ii. 
 
 De Witt, Simeon, of Ithaca, N. York, d. 1834, aged 
 79. On Engineering, <fcc. 
 
 De Witt, Susan, d. 1824. The Pleasures of Religion $ 
 a Poem. 
 
 " It has been much read and admired." Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. 
 
 De Wolf, Jj. E. Constable's Guide, 1845, 12mo. 
 
 De Wolf, Wm. P. Rose's Chemical Tables, 1850, 
 r. 8vo. 
 
 Dexter, Samuel, of Boston, 1761-1816, Secretary of 
 War of the TJ. States. Speeches. Political Papers. 
 
 Dey, R. Two Books over Lincoln; or a View of his 
 Holy Table, Name, and Thing. 
 
 Diaper, Wm. Dryades; a Poem, and a trans, from 
 Oppian into English Verse, 1713, '22. 
 
 Dibben, Thomas. Serms., 1711, '12. 
 
 Dibdin, Charles, 1745-1814, an actor and dramatist, 
 is still better known by his famous Sea-Songs, which amount 
 to nearly 1200 in number. A new ed., with a Memoir by 
 T. Dibdin, illustrated by G. Cruikshank, was pub. in 1850, 
 fp. Svo. 
 
 " These Songs have been the solace of sailors in long voyages, in 
 storms, in battles; and they have been qxioted in mutinies to the 
 restoration of order and discipline." Dibdin's Life. 
 
 A list of 47 dramatic pieces, and a number of other pub 
 lications, will be found in Biog. Dramat. He pub. in 1795 
 a complete History of the English Stage, 5 vols. 8vo. This 
 work is not much valued. See COLLIER, J. P. 
 
 Dibdin, Charles, Jr., d. 1833, son of the preceding, 
 also pub. a number of songs and dramatic pieces. See 
 Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Dibdin, Thomas, 1771-1841, brother of the pre 
 ceding, was also a dramatic poet and song-writer. His first 
 piece, The Mad Guardian, was pub. under the assumed 
 name of T. Merchant. See a list of his pieces, 39 in num 
 ber, in the Biog. Dramat. He is said to have composed 
 more than 1000 songs. In 1813 he pub. The Metrical Hist 
 of England, 2 vols. Svo; and in 1828, 2 vols. Svo, appeared 
 his Reminiscences. 
 
 " Dibdin's reminiscences will be found to contain a larger portion 
 of 'curious history relating to the intrigues and cabals connected 
 with the internal management of our national theatres than any 
 other work extant." ion. M. Chronicle. 
 
 Dibdin, the naval song-writer, and a son of Captain Thomas 
 Dibdin, celebrated by his brother as 
 
 "Poor Tom Bowling, the darling of our crew." 
 
 The subject of our memoir, who was born at Calcutta, 
 lost both of his parents when he was but four years of age, 
 and being sent to England, was placed under the guardian 
 ship of his maternal uncle, Mr. William Compton. After 
 passing through his preparatory studies at Reading, Stock- 
 well, and Isleworth, he was matriculated at Oxford as a 
 commoner of St. John's College. Selecting the profession 
 of law, he became a pupil of Mr. Basil Montagu of Lin 
 coln's Inn ; but having determined after mature reflection 
 to enter the Church, he was in 1804 ordained by Dr. North, 
 Bishop of Winchester. For biographical details connected 
 with Dr. Dibdin as a clergyman, we must refer the reader 
 to his own Reminiscences, pub. in 1836, 2 vols. Svo, and to 
 the excellent obituary notice in the Gentleman's Magazine 
 for Jan., 1848, to which sources we shall be indebted for 
 some of the facts which it is our intention to record. 
 Whilst at Oxford he wrote a number of essays, which were 
 pub. in the European Magazine, and some poetical pieces, 
 which were printed in a vol. in 1797, Svo. The author's 
 estimate of these productions does not seem to have been 
 very high : 
 
 " I struck off 500 copies, and was glad to get rid of half of them 
 as waste paper; the remaining half have been partly destroyed by 
 my own hands. . . . My only consolation is that the volume is 
 now FXCEEDINGLY RARE." Bibliomania, edit. 1809. See Reminis 
 cences, 176. 
 
 Whilst at Worcester he wrote some tales, one of which, 
 La Belle Marianne, was privately printed in 1824. For a 
 short time the journal, indeed, was short-lived Dibdin 
 contributed to a weekly periodical entitled The Quiz, the 
 articles connected with antiquity and art. While still en 
 gaged in legal pursuits, he pub., each on a large sheet, an 
 analysis of Blackstone's Rights of Persons, and the Law of 
 the Poor Rate. In 1802 he edited a Hist, of Cheltenham, 
 and pub. the first edit, of his Introduction to the Greek 
 and Latin Classics; in 1805 trans. Fenelon on the Educa 
 tion of Daughters; and in 1807 contributed to the Weekly 
 Director, of which he also edited the essays entitled Biblio- 
 graphiana, and the British Gallery. In the same year 
 he edited (under the assumed name of Reginald Wolfe) 
 Quarles's Judgment and Mercy for Afflicted Souls, and in 
 1808 superintended a new edit, of Sir Thomas More's Uto 
 pia. In 1809 Dr. Ferriar addressed to Richard Heber, Esq., 
 the princely book-collector, a poetical epistle entitled The 
 Bibliomania. This suggested to Dr. Dibdin his amusing 
 and instructive volume of the same name. The first edi 
 tion, printed in 1809, was a small octavo volume of 87 pages. 
 It was reprinted and appended to the 3d edit., pub. in 1842, 
 where it occupies but 64 pages. An enlarged edit, appeared 
 in 1811, Svo, with the addition of A Bibliographical Ro 
 mance to the title. It was favourably received, and paid 
 the author a profit of 200. It was pub. at 1 7. ; 19 
 large-paper copies were struck off in 2 vols. imp. 8vo, at 
 ten guineas each. This edit, was in such demand before 
 the publication of the 3d, that small copies were sold for 
 eight guineas, and large paper for 50 guineas. We quote 
 some opinions upon the merits of this favourite volume : 
 
 "It would be mere affectation to say that I have not derived 
 much information from it. ... Indeed your knowledge of biblio 
 graphy has excited my surprise." DR. FERRIAR. 
 
 " Your books are no dead letters no mere dry transcripts ; but 
 while they furnish beautiful ornaments, set the senses "all in mo 
 tion ; exhibit a happy talent of reassembling and new-combining 
 your wide-sought and infinite materials. To lead the dance of 
 ideas, to race over such an immeasurable field of literature, can 
 only be given to one of the most elastic and vigorous powers." 
 SIR S. EGERTON BRYDQES. 
 
 "I have not yet recovered from the delightful delirium into 
 which your 'Bibliomania' has completely thrown me. ... Your 
 book, to my taste, is one of the most extraordinary gratifications 
 I have enjoyed for many years. You have glued me down to two 
 hundred pages at a sitting, and I can repeat the pleasure with 
 out losing it." ISAAC DISRAELI. 
 have give 
 
 You 
 
 en us another Morias Encomium, seasoned with 
 a salt which that work has not with the united flavour of gayety 
 and good humour. Yet I fear that you, like many other doctors, 
 will only make the disease worse." FRANCIS DOUCE. 
 
 " The Bibliomania being once entered on, compelled me to be 
 come a ' borrower of the night for a dark hour or twain' to finish 
 it. I can truly say that I was much amused and interested by 
 it." E. V. UTTERSON. 
 
 "I have been revelling for the last two days in the delights of 
 your new edition of The Bibliomania." SIR FRANCIS FREEING. 
 
 "A thousand thanks, my dear sir, for your lively satire." 
 WALTER SCOTT. 
 
 "To the extensive and amusing information contained in these 
 
 orks, [edits, of 1809 and 1811.] the larger volume especially, the 
 limits of this notice are inadequate to render justice. All Mr. Dib- 
 
DIB 
 
 DIB 
 
 din's publications are indispensably necessary to the bibliographi 
 cal student. Happy may he deem himself who possesses a copy 
 of this work." Home's Introduc. to Bibliography, p. 521. 
 
 To these testimonies of the value of the Bibliomania could 
 be added those of Earl Spencer, the Rt. Hon. Thos. Gren- 
 ville, Sir M. M. Sykes, the Rev. Henry Drury, and others. 
 Of illustrated copies, one belonging to Mr. Wm. Turner 
 of Islington, was sold to Mr. Town of New York for 60 
 guineas, and the author remarks : 
 
 " I believe I have seen a similar copy on large paper, marked in 
 a bookseller's catalogue at one hundred and twenty guineas." 
 
 The third edit, of the Bibliomania was pub. in 1842, 
 r. 8vo, small paper, 3 3s. ; large paper, 5 5s. This edit, 
 is much the best, and contains a key to the assumed Cha 
 racters in the Romance. 
 
 It is here proper to notice two privately-printed brochures 
 of Dr. Dibdin ; one, entitled Specimen Bibliothecae Bri- 
 tannicas, was printed in 1808 ; the other, Specimen of an 
 English De Bure, in 1810. In 1807-11 he pub. three arti 
 cles in the Classical Journal on the first Bible and Psalters 
 printed at Mentz; and in 1811 he printed privately the 
 Lincolne Nosegay, a selection of poetical pieces. 
 
 The next great work of our enterprising bibliographer 
 The Typographical Antiquities of Great Britain has 
 already been noticed at length in our article AMES, JOSEPH, 
 to which we refer the reader. The 66 large paper copies, 
 imp. 4to, were pub. at 29 8s.; small paper, 14 14s. 
 About a year after the publication of the 2d edit, of the 
 Bibliomania, at the suggestion of Dr. Dibdin, the famous 
 Roxburghe Club was established. It may be said to have 
 sprung out of the sale of the Roxburghe Library. Earl 
 Spencer was chosen President, and our author Vice-Pre 
 sident. 
 
 We now come to notice the Bibliotheca Spenceriana, 
 pub. in 4 vols. super-roy. 8vo, in 1814 ; small paper at 8 8s. 
 and 9 9s., and large paper 18 18s. The gerin of this 
 splendid work was a small volume of 34 pp., of which 36 
 copies were printed, entitled Book Rarities, or a Descrip 
 tive Catalogue of some of the most curious, rare, and va 
 luable books of early date, chiefly in the collection of the 
 Rt. Hon. George John, Earl Spencer, K. G. It is devoted, 
 with two exceptions, to the early-printed Dantes and Pe- 
 trarchs at Spencer House. To the Bibliotheca Spenceriana 
 a supplement was added in 1815, and ^Ides Althorpianae 
 a description of Spencer House and its treasures pub. in 
 1822, may be considered vols. 5th and 6th, and the Cata 
 logue of the Cassano Library, vol. 7th, of this interesting 
 series. The author of this noble set of books might well 
 say, on reviewing the results of his labours : 
 
 " I have done every thing in my power to establish, on a firm 
 foundation, the celebrity of a Library of which the remembrance 
 can only perish with every other record of individual fame." 
 
 In 1817, 3 vols. r. 8vo, appeared The Bibliographical 
 Decameron, or Ten Days' Pleasant Discourse upon Illumi 
 nated Manuscripts, and subjects connected with Early En 
 graving, Topography, and Bibliography. The small-paper 
 copies, of which there were 760, were sold at 7 17s. Qd. 
 to subscribers ; 9 9s. to non-subscribers ; large paper, 
 15 15s. Overtures were made for its republication in 
 French, but it was too late. The curious blocks from which 
 the engravings were made had been destroyed by the au 
 thor and his friends. Although a thorough-paced biblio 
 maniac, we have no sympathy with such barbarous waste. 
 The Decameron is assuredly one of the most beautiful, as 
 ! well as one of the most instructive, books in the language. 
 We have space for the quotation of one opinion only : 
 
 "The volumes not only exceed my expectation, but even my 
 imagination. I could never have conceived any work so interest 
 ing for its decorations. It is surely without a rival in the whole 
 history of Typography." ISAAC DISRAELI. 
 
 We must notice two illustrated copies of this work. One 
 is in the library of Lord Spencer at Althorp. Among 
 other rarities, it has many duplicate proofs of copper 
 plates. It cost his lordship upwards of 150 guineas. The 
 other copy was formerly in the possession of George Henry 
 Freeling. He had extended his three volumes to eleven, 
 which were bound in morocco by the famous Lewis. Mr. 
 Freeling, as will readily be believed, was enthusiastically 
 tond of the Decameron. 
 
 "If the gods could read," he exclaimed, "they would 
 never be without a copy of the Decameron in their side- 
 pocket !" 
 
 In 1821 our author gave to the world the results of his 
 nine months' exploration of continental libraries, in A Bi 
 bliographical, Antiquarian, and Picturesque Tour in France 
 and Germany, 3 vols. r. 8vo. The money paid to engravers 
 alone in the getting up of these volumes approached 5000. 
 "A Work the most costly on the score of embellishments and 
 the most perilous on that of responsibility, in which a Traveller- 
 
 relying upon his own resources exclusively was ever engaged." 
 Author's Reminiscences. 
 
 " One of the most beautiful and covetable books of modern 
 times." ROBERT SOUTHEY. 
 
 " Your splendid work is one of the most handsome which ever 
 came from the British Press." WALTER SCOTT. 
 
 The Tour was pub. at 9 9s., small paper, and 16 16s., 
 large paper. Of illustrated copies, perhaps the most re 
 markable is one which passed through the hands of Henry 
 Drury, George Hibbert, and P. A. Hanrott. It sold at Hib- 
 bert's sale for 92 8s., and at Hanrott's for 178 10s. 
 The gentlemen who paid this price for it was induced to 
 part with it by "a very splendid offer," but what that was, 
 we believe, has not transpired. An account of this beau 
 tiful copy may be seen in Bibliotheca Hanrottiana, No. 
 2412. A second edition of the Tour, in 3 smaller volumes, 
 was pub. in 1829. It is a very meagre affair compared 
 with the first impression, and pub. at only 2 15s. There 
 is also a French trans, by M. Theodore Licquet, Paris, 
 1825, 4 vols. 8vo. In 1819 Dr. Dibdin projected a His 
 tory of the University of Oxford, which it is muck to be 
 regretted should have failed for want of encouragement. 
 This noble university is much to blame for its neglect of 
 a matter in which it has so deep an interest. From June, 
 1822, to Dec., 1825, he contributed a number of articles to 
 Valpy's Museum, a periodical of short continuance. In 
 1824 he pub. The Library Companion, or the Young Man's 
 Guide and the Old Man's Comfort in the choice of a Library. 
 A second vol. was contemplated, but the British Critic and 
 the Westminster Quarterly Reviews criticized the work 
 severely, and it was not continued. Nevertheless, it is 
 a work of. considerable value, and deserves a wider circu 
 lation than it has obtained. It was pub. at 1 7s. ; a few 
 copies on large paper at 5 5s. A second edit, appeared 
 in 1825. From an anecdote recorded at page 394 of the 
 first edit., concerning " certain buckskins," and which is 
 omitted in the subsequent one. it has acquired the title of 
 the " Breeches Edition," and is quoted as such in the Bib- 
 liophobia. 
 
 In 1820, and also in 1825, our author pub. a volume of 
 sermons, two single sermons in 1830 and 1831, an edit, of 
 Thomas a Kempis's Imitation of Christ in 1828, and a 
 collection of sermons by various authors in 6 vols. in 1830. 
 Of this collection, entitled The Sunday Library, or the 
 Protestant's Manual for the Sabbath Day, more than 4000 
 perfect sets were sold. It was pub. at 1 10s., and a new 
 edit, was issued in 1851 at the very low price of 16s. 
 
 Principal Authors. Bp. Blomfield, Rev. Robert Hall, 
 Bp. Heber, Jones of Nayland, C. W. Le Bas, Bp. Maltby, 
 Bp. Mant, Dean Milman, Dr. Parr, Archdeacon Pott, Rev. 
 Sidney Smith, Archbishop Sumner, Bp. Van Mildert, Ac. 
 
 In 1827 he issued a 4th edit, of his Introduction to the 
 Greek and Latin Classics. Of this work the first edit, 
 was pub. in 1803, the 2d in 1804, and the 3d in 1809. The 
 4th edit, was pub. at 2 2s. : large paper, 6 6s. It is a 
 most valuable work, and will save the classical student 
 much time and toil. In 1831 he pub. anonymously a 
 pamphlet, entitled Bibliophobia : Remarks on the Present 
 languid and depressed state of Literature and the Book 
 Trade; in a Letter addressed to the Author of the Biblio 
 mania ; by Mercurius Rusticus, with Notes by Cato Par- 
 vus. This is an amusing, though to the true Biblioma 
 niac also a melancholy, volume. In 1833 our author pub. 
 two small vols. entitled Lent Lectures. 
 
 " These subjects are well chosen, and Dr. Dibdin, who doubtless 
 knows full well what a London audience is, tells them very plainly 
 that he thinks it expedient not to attempt too much, but to set 
 before them the strongest and most striking points of each sub 
 ject." British Magazine. 
 
 His Reminiscences of a Literary Life, which should be 
 in the possession of every one aspiring to be a man of 
 books, was pub. in 1836, 2 vols. 8yo. It is a most valu 
 able storehouse of biographical and bibliographical anec 
 dote. In 1838 appeared A Bibliographical, Antiquarian, 
 and Picturesque Tour in the Northern Counties of Eng 
 land and Scotland, 2 vols. r. 8vo; small paper, 4 14s. 6d. ; 
 large paper, 8 18s. &d. This is a handsome work, but 
 much inferior to the Tour in France and Germany. To 
 Dr. Dibdin, more than to any other individual, is to be 
 ascribed the prevalence of the spirit of Bibliomania which 
 raged with such violence in England from about 1812 to 
 1824. Did our space permit, we might perhaps occupy a 
 few pages not unprofitably in considering the tempting 
 subject of book-collecting, its use and abuse, its advan 
 tages and disadvantages, its excess and its proper limits. 
 It is a subject much misunderstood by the ignorant, and 
 often misrepresented by the contracted. Informed by 
 knowledge and restrained by discretion, it is certainly one 
 of the most useful, as well as amiable, of enthusiasms. 
 
DIG 
 
 To quote from the author whose labours in this depart 
 ment we have now had under consideration : 
 
 " When the STUDY of BIBLIOGRAPHY shall be more generally cul 
 tivated, its uses will be more generally acknowledged. It will be 
 found to rank among those branches of antiquarian research which 
 are as conducive to correct taste and intelligence as any other." 
 
 But we should be disposed to claim much more than- 
 this for enlightened BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 Into the particular merits or demerits as a bibliographer, 
 of the author of The Decameron, we will not be expected 
 to examine, in the brief limits to which we are confined. 
 There can be no question, however, of the justice of the 
 commendations which we now quote with entire approba 
 tion, and with which we shall conclude our article : 
 
 " No collection can be complete without Dr. Dibdin's volumes, 
 which are, independent of the solid information they contain, fre 
 quently enlivened by literary anecdotes, and rendered generally in 
 teresting by great variety of observation and acuteness of remark." 
 
 "You have contrived to strew flowers over a path which, in 
 other hands, would have proved a very dull one ; and all Biblio 
 manes must remember you long, as he who first united their an 
 tiquarian details with good-humoured raillery and cheerfulness." 
 Sir Walter Scott to Dr. Dibdin. 
 
 Diceto, Radulph De. See RADTJLPH DE DICETO. 
 
 Dicey, Thomas. Hist. Account of Guernsey, with 
 Remarks on Jersey and other Islands, Lon., 1750, 12mo. 
 This work has been highly commended. 
 
 Dick, Sir Alex., 1703-1785, a distinguished Scottish 
 physician. De Bpilepsia, 1725. Account of his Life. 
 Trans. R. Soc., Edin., 1790. 
 
 Dick, Andrew Coventry, Advocate. Dissertation 
 on Church Polity, Edin., 1835, sm. 8vo; last ed., 1851, 
 12mo. 
 
 " An excellent piece of sound and eloquent argumentation." 
 Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 " A book very ably written, and containing the best arguments 
 in favour of the voluntary system that I have ever seen." Lord 
 Aberdeen, in the House of Lords. 
 
 The Nature and Office of the State, Lon., 1848, 8vo. 
 
 Dick, John, D.D., 1764-1833, a native of Aberdeen, 
 Prof, of Theol". to United Secession Church. False Teach 
 ers, Edin., 1788, 8vo. Inspiration of the Scriptures, 1800, 
 12mo; 1804, 8vo; Glasg., 1813, 8vo. 
 
 "Altogether the best essay in the language on the subject of 
 inspiration." Orme's Bibl. Bib., 1824. 
 
 " A sensible and well-written essay." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Lectures on Theology, with a Memoir by his son, 2d 
 ed., Edin., 1834, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " A body of Christian theology, lucid, discriminating, compre- 
 hensiye, orthodox." Williams' s Christian Preacher. 
 
 Lectures on the Acts of the Apostles, Glasg., 1805-08, 
 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1822, 8vo; 3d ed., 1848, sm. 8vo. 
 
 "Well written, though not critical." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 "They contain altogether a useful illustration of many import 
 ant passages of the Acts ; they are full of good sense and ortho 
 dox divinity, conveyed in a perspicuous and easy style." Lon. 
 Eclectic Review. 
 
 A vol. of Dr. Dick's sermons has been published. 
 
 Dick, Robert, D.D. Serms., 1758, '62, Edin., 8vo. 
 
 Dick, Robert, M.D. Derangement of the Digestive 
 Organs, Lon., 1843, cr. 8vo. Diet and Regimen, 1838, 
 p. 8vo; 1839, 12mo. 
 
 " One of the most enlightened and philosophical writers of his 
 class." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 " It treats most ably of diet and physical cultivation, and also 
 of moral and intellectual regulation." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 Dick, Rev. Thomas, LL.D., 1774-1857, b. near 
 Dundee, Scotland, nobly earned the dignified title attached 
 to one of his excellent volumes, The Christian Philoso 
 pher. He was educated at the University of Edinburgh, 
 and, after completing his studies, entered the ministry 
 of the Secession Church. Much of his time was devoted 
 to teaching, for which elevated and philanthropic calling 
 few men have been better fitted. An interesting notice 
 of this venerated benefactor of his race will be found 
 in Professor C. D. Cleveland's (a personal and attached 
 friend of Dr. Dick) English Literature of the 19th Century, 
 in which work wo find the following list of Dr. Dick's 
 publications : 
 
 1. The Christian Philosopher, or the Connection of 
 Science with Religion, 1823. 2. The Philosophy of Reli 
 gion, or an Illustration of the Moral Laws of the Uni 
 verse, 1825. 3. The Philosophy of a Future State, 1828. 
 4. The Improvement of Society by the Diffusion of Know 
 ledge. 5. On the Mental Illumination and Moral Im 
 provement of Mankind, 1835. 6. Christian Beneficence 
 contrasted with Covetousness, 1836. 7. Celestial Scenery, 
 1838. 8. The Sidereal Heavens, 1840. 9. The Practical 
 Astronomer, 1845. 10. The Solar System, 1846. 11. The 
 Atmosphere and Atmospherical Phenomena, 1848. 12. 
 The Telescope and Microscope, 1851. Several of these 
 works have been trans, into other languages, and the So- 
 
 DIC 
 
 !ar System into the Chinese. Dr. Dick has also contri 
 buted largely to the periodicals of the day. Messrs. E. 
 C. & J. Biddle of Philadelphia pub. in 1850 a uniform 
 edition of Dr. Dick's works in 10 vols. 12mo. Messrs. Ap- 
 plegate & Co. of Cincinnati also publish a fine edition, 
 complete in 2 vols. r. 8vo. We have before us commenda 
 tory notices of Dr. Dick's volumes from no less than twenty- 
 three British periodicals. From these we extract the fol 
 lowing : 
 
 Notice of the Philosophy of Religion : 
 
 " In discussing these interesting and important topics, Dr. Dick 
 assumes the truth of Divine Revelation, and taking nature and 
 revelation as they stand, endeavours to show the philosophy in 
 other words, the reasonableness of what has been done, so as to 
 justify the ways of God to man. The design of such a work is 
 lofty and benignant, and Dr. Dick has brought to his great argu 
 ment a vast amount of illustration and proof, presented in a style 
 condensed and perspicuous, and imbued with the feeling appro 
 priate to such a theme. We commend it earnestly to the general 
 reader, and not less so to the Christian preacher. Such modes of 
 dealing with the foundation of things need to be more common in 
 our pulpits." British Quarterly Review. 
 
 Notices of Celestial Scenery : 
 
 " This familiar explanation of the most interesting phenomena 
 is well calculated to unfold the wonders of astronomy to those who 
 are unacquainted with the mysteries of that science ; while those 
 who have learned its principles will derive pleasure from the specu 
 lations on the different aspects of our system, as viewed from the 
 sun and the several planets." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 " An admirable book to put into the hands of youth aud general 
 readers." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 " This is an admirable book, not more valuable for the excellence 
 of its intention, than for the taste, right feeling, and manly simpli 
 city of its execution. It is one of the most beautiful and readable 
 books we ever had in our hands." Glasgow Chronicle. 
 
 "Dr. Dick is not a mere collector of the opinions of others; but 
 one who has thought and investigated for himself." Lon. Evan 
 gelical Magazine. 
 
 Notices of the Sidereal Heavens : 
 
 " A very interesting compilation, made by a practical man, and 
 one which we can have no fear of recommending as a fit sequel to 
 the Celestial Scenery of the same author." Church of England 
 Quarterly Review. 
 
 " The grandeur of our author's conceptions, the beauty of his 
 style, and the rationality of his conclusions, equally charm the 
 mind. We most unhesitatingly recommend our readers to treat 
 themselves with the gratification of perusing this sublime book. 
 Our author is a Christian philosopher." Lon. Herald of Peace. 
 
 " A popular work on astronomy, in which the author addresses 
 himself to general students rather than to scientific readers ; and 
 he further improves his design by turning the thoughts of all to 
 wards the omnipotent Deity, whose works he describes as far as 
 they are cognizable by human faculties." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 " No one can peruse this volume without being inspired with 
 profound admiration and awe, and filled with emotions of deep hu 
 mility and reverence. The work is characterized by profound and 
 elaborate research, suited to the high and imposing theme, and is 
 pervaded by a reverential spirit towards the mighty Architect. We 
 unhesitatingly commend the work to the perusal of every class." 
 Scottish Pilot. 
 
 " We have seldom met with a more readable or instructive work, 
 lie who has fairly mastered its contents will find himself a sort of 
 living encyclopaedia of astronomical facts. It is pervaded, from 
 beginning to end, by a feeling of the deepest piety towards that 
 Being whose celestial architecture it is the author's object to bring 
 before the wondering and adoring mind of the reader." Grant's 
 Journal. 
 
 Notices of Christian Beneficence contrasted with Covet^ 
 ousness : 
 
 " A treatise of singular merit and interest, which cannot be read 
 without largely instructing the understanding, and deeply im 
 pressing and affecting the heart." New Connexion Magazine. 
 
 " It is, indeed, a truly excellent treatise. In every part it comes 
 forcibly home to the judgment and conscience of the reader. . . . 
 The style of Dr. Dick is correct, dignified, and impressive. The 
 merit of the work lies in its eminent adaptation for usefulness. 
 It is a manly, judicious, and scriptural statement of the reasons 
 and grounds of liberality of conduct." General Baptist Repository. 
 
 " We hope that what has not already been effected by sober argu 
 ment and solemn appeals, will result in this case from what may 
 be regarded as a volume of practical evidence, in which the working 
 of these antagonist principles is fairly set forth." Lon. Eclec. Rev. 
 See also Chris. Month. Spec., ix. 149, (by Denison Olmsted.) 
 
 Dick, Thomas Lander. Con. on Natural Philos. 
 to Annals Phil., 1815, '16, '17. 
 
 Dick, Sir Win. His lamentable Case and distressed 
 Estate, Lon., 1656, fol. A rare book, which has been sold 
 at great prices. Dowdeswell, 312, 52 10.; Dent, pt. 1.. 
 837, 26 5s. ; Sir P. Thompson, 28 17*. Qd. 
 
 Dick, Wm. Dropsies; Med. Com., 1786. 
 
 Dick, Wm. A Manual of Veterinary Science from 
 the 7th edit. Encyc. Brit, Edin. and Lon., 1842, p. 8vo. 
 
 "All Farmers and Cattle-dealers, Shepherds, Stablers, Coach- 
 contractors, every man who is interested in the study of Veteri 
 nary Medicine, should have Mr. Dick's manual in his possession." 
 Edin. Advertiser. 
 
 " Written and compiled with great care. . . . The views will be 
 found sober, practical, and judicious." -Quar. Jour, of AgriaM. 
 
 Dicken, Alldersey. Serms., Camb., 1823. 
 
 Dickens, Charles. Serms., 1757, '83. 
 
DIG 
 
 Dickens, Charles, b. 1812, at Landport, Portsmouth, ] 
 England, enjoys the reputation of being the most popular j 
 author of the day. His father, John Dickens, held a post [ 
 in the Navy Pay Department, and was subsequently a re 
 porter of parliamentary debates. Charles was intended for 
 the profession of the law, but finding no pleasure in his 
 studies, obtained his father's consent to "join the parlia 
 mentary corps of a daily newspaper." He was first en 
 gaged in the office of the True Sun, and subsequently 
 formed a connexion with the Morning Chronicle, in the 
 evening edition of which appeared the Sketches of Life 
 and Character, afterwards pub. as Sketches by Boz in 2 , 
 vols., 1836, '37. The extraordinary merit of these papers j 
 was at once acknowledged, and an enterprising publisher I 
 engaged Mr. Dickens and Mr. Seymour, the comic draughts- t 
 man, " the one to write and the other to illustrate a book 
 which should exhibit the adventures of a party of Cockney 
 Sportsmen." Seymour committed suicide before the book 
 was finished, and the illustrations were continued by Hablot j 
 K. Browne, under the signature of "Phiz." Never was a 
 book received with more rapturous enthusiasm than that 
 which greeted the Pickwick Papers ! It may be said, with 
 out a trope, that from the peer in his palace to the Jehu on 
 his box, the book became an immediate favourite with all 
 classes of society. The public were equally delighted with j 
 the shrewd facetiousness of Samuel Weller, and the unso 
 phisticated benevolence of his estimable master, and no j 
 less charmed with the oddities and affectations of the other I 
 members of the circle. The comparisons of Weller Junior 
 not always the most obvious were quoted and dupli 
 cated, if not improved upon, and single gentlemen were ; 
 continually admonished to profit by the example of the \ 
 "old gentleman," and studiously beware of respectable i 
 matrons who mourned the loss of their conjugal partners. \ 
 An author so successful, and who seemed to possess a ; 
 perennial spring of humour and a marvellous facility of j 
 character, not unfrequently caricature, drawing, was not | 
 permitted to forget his cunning: the publishers and the | 
 public alike insisted upon more Pickwicks and Wellers; I 
 and Nicholas Nickleby, Oliver Twist, The Old Curiosity \ 
 Shop, and Barnaby Rudge, were eagerly read by hundreds 
 of thousands of delighted readers. On the completion of 
 Master Humphrey's Clock, in which the two preceding tales 
 were included, Mr. Dickens visited America, where he had 
 no reason to complain of a lukewarm reception. 
 
 Upon his return home he gave the world the result of 
 the impressions produced by his tour, in his American Notes 
 for General Circulation, pub. in 1842. This volume elicited 
 a vol. pub. in N. York, 1843, 8vo, entitled Change for Ame 
 rican Notes, in Letters from London to New York, by a 
 Lady. In 1843 he commenced Martin Chuzzlewit, in which 
 his friends, the Americans, were not forgotten. He visited 
 Italy in 1844, where he remained for about a year, and on 
 his return in 1845 he established a new morning newspa 
 per, entitled The Daily News, which he conducted for a 
 short time. It is now a leading journal. Among other 
 contributions of Mr. Dickens, a number of sketches, 
 styled Pictures of Italy, will be found in its columns. 
 
 Since the relinquishment of the Daily News, our author 
 has given to the world Dombey and Son, David Copper- 
 field, Bleak House, The Child's History of England, Me 
 moirs of Joseph Grimaldi, and the Christmas Tales of The 
 Cricket on the Hearth and The Haunted Man. The Chimes 
 and the Christmas Carol had been previously published. 
 To these literary labours of Mr. Dickens must be added 
 Hard Times, for These Times, 1854, p. 8vo ; Little Dorritt, 
 1857, 8vo; and papers in The Household Narrative of Cur 
 rent Events, and in Household Words, (of which vol. xviii. 
 was pub. in 1858. The circulation of the latter in London 
 alone was stated, in 1853, (not by those interested, so far 
 as we are aware,) to be 90,000 copies. But we presume 
 that for London should be read England. This periodical 
 has an extensive circulation in America, also. 
 
 New eds. of several of Mr. Dickens's works have been 
 republished in London by Messrs. Ward & Lock, Chap 
 man &. Hall, and Bradbury; and several beautiful eds. 
 are issued in Philadelphia by Messrs. T. B. Peterson 
 & Bros. For critical notices of the merits and demerits 
 of this popular author we refer the reader to Edin. Rev., 
 Lxviii., IxxvL, Ixxxi. ; Lon. Quar. Rev., lix., Ixiv., 
 Ixxi., Ixxiii. ; Westm. Rev., xxvii., xxxix. ; N. Brit. Rev., 
 iv., vii., xv. ; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., i., xvii. ; Blackw. 
 Mag., lii., Ix.; Fraser's Mag., xxi., xxv., xxvi., xlii.j Dubl. 
 Univ. Mag., xii. ; N. Amer. Rev., Ivi., (by A. P. Peabody, 
 D.D.,) Iviii., (by C. C. Felton,) Ixix., (by E. P. Whipple;) 
 South. Lit Mess., ii., Hi., v., ix. j New Englander, i., (by 
 J. P. Thompson ;) Bost. Chris. Exam., xxvii., (by J. S. 
 
 DIG 
 
 Dwight,) xxxii., (by A. P. Peabody;) Bost. Liv.Age, xxi.; 
 N. York Eclec. Mag., v., vii., viii., ix., xvi. ; N. York Eclec. 
 Mus., i. ; Phila. Mus., xxxi., xxxii. From three or four 
 of these reviews we append brief quotations : 
 
 " The popularity of this writer is one of the most remarkable 
 literary phenomena of recent times, for it has been fairly earned 
 
 .without resorting to any of the means by which most other writers 
 have succeeded in attracting the attention of their contemporaries. 
 He has nattered no popular prejudice, and profited by no passing 
 folly : he has attempted no caricature sketches of the manners or 
 conversation of the aristocracy ; and there are very few political or 
 personal allusions in his works. Moreover, his class of subjects 
 are such as to expose him at the outset to the fatal objection of 
 vulgarity ; and, with the exception of occasional extracts in the 
 newspapers, he received little or no assistance from the press. Yet, 
 in less than six months from the appearance of the first number 
 of the Pickwick Papers, the whole reading public were talking 
 about them the names of Winkle, Wardell, Weller, Snodgrass, 
 Dodson, and Fogg, had become familiar in our mouths as house 
 hold terms ; and Mr. Dickens was the grand object of interest to 
 the whole tribe of ' Leo-hunters,' male and female, of the metropo 
 lis. Nay, Pickwick chintzes figured in linen-drapers' windows, and 
 Weller corduroys in breeches-makers' advertisements; Boz cabs 
 might be seen rattling through the streets, and the portrait of the 
 author of Pelham or Crichton was scraped down or pasted over to 
 make room for that of the new popular favourite in the omnibuses. 
 This is only to be accounted for on the supposition that a fresh vein 
 of humour had been opened; that a new and decidedly original 
 genius had sprung up; and the most cursory reference to preced 
 ing English writers of the comic order will show, that, in his own 
 peculiar walk, Mr. Dickens is not simply the most distinguished, 
 but the first." Lon. Quart. Review, lix. 484 ; Oct. 1837. 
 
 " There is no misanthropy in his satire, and no coarseness in his 
 descriptions a merit enhanced by the nature of his subjects. His 
 works are chiefly pictures of humble life frequently of the hum 
 blest. The reader is led through scenes of poverty and crime, and 
 all the characters are made to discourse in the appropriate language 
 of their respective classes and yet we recollect no passage which 
 ought to cause pain to the most sensitive delicacy, if read aloud in 
 female society. We have said that his satire was not misanthropic. 
 This is eminently true. One of the qualities we the most admire 
 in him is his comprehensive spirit of humanity. The tendency of 
 his writings is to make us practically benevolent to excite our sym 
 pathy in behalf of the aggrieved and suffering in all classes; and 
 especially in those who are most removed from observation. He 
 especially directs our attention to the helpless victims of untoward 
 circumstances or a vicious system to the iniprisoned debtor the 
 orphan pauper the parish apprentice the juvenile criminal and 
 to the tyranny, which, under the combination of parental neglect, 
 with the mercenary brutality of a pedagogue, may be exercised 
 with impunity in schools. His humanity is plain, practical, and 
 manly. It is quite untainted with sentimentality. There is no 
 mawkish wailing for ideal distresses no morbid exaggeration of 
 the evils incident to our lot no disposition to excite unavailing 
 discontent, or to turn our attention from remedial grievances to 
 those which do not admit a remedy. Though he appeals much to 
 our feelings, we can detect no instance in which he has employed 
 the verbiage of spurious philanthropy. He is equally exempt from 
 the meretricious cant of spurious philosophy." Edin. Review, 
 
 I Ixviii. 77, Oct. 1838. 
 
 " Dickens as a novelist and prose poet is to be classed in the front 
 rank of the noble company to which he belongs. He has revived 
 
 I the novel of genuine practical life, as it existed in the works of 
 Fielding, Smollett, and Goldsmith; but at the same time has given 
 to his materials an individual coloring and expression peculiarly 
 his own. His characters, like those of his great exemplars, consti 
 tute a world of their own, whose truth to nature every reader in 
 stinctively recognizes in connection with their truth to Dickens. 
 Fielding delineates with "more exquisite art, standing more as the 
 spectator of his personages, and commenting on their actions with 
 an ironical humour and a seeming innocence of insight, which 
 pierces not only into, but through, their very nature, laying bare 
 their most unconscious scenes of action, and in every instance in 
 dicating that he understands them better than they understand 
 themselves. It is this perfection of knowledge and insight which 
 gives to his novels their naturalness, their freedom of movement, 
 and their value as lessons in human nature as well as consummate 
 representations of actual life. Dickens's eye for the forms of things 
 is as accurate as Fielding's, and his range of vision more extended ; 
 but he does not probe so profoundly into the heart of what he sees, 
 and he is more led away from the simplicity of truth by a tricksy 
 spirit of fantastic exaggeration. Mentally he is indisputably be 
 low Fielding ; but in tenderness, in pathos, in sweetness and purity 
 of feeling, in that comprehensiveness of sympathy which springs 
 from a sense of brotherhood with mankind, he is indisputably above 
 him." E. P. WHIPPLE : N. Amer. Rev., Ixix. 392-393, Oct. 1849. 
 
 " The mention of the Waverley Novels and their broad Scottish 
 dialect, leads unavoidably to the remark, that, unlike the author 
 of these matchless productions, Mr. Dickens makes his low charac 
 ters almost always vulgar. It is not easy to define vulgarity, but 
 every one can feel it; and we know that Edie Ochiltree, Cuddie 
 Headrigg, Bailie Nicol Jarvie, and Domine Sampson are not vulgar, 
 in spite of their accent, language, and station ; neither are Jeanie 
 Deans, or Meg Merrilies, or the Mucklebackits; and while the au 
 thor draws them with perfect truth, he often conveys through their 
 mouths lessons of the greatest moral elevation. Every reader must 
 have felt how much otherwise it is with Mr. Dickens. 
 
 " In the next place, the good characters of Mr. Dickens's novels 
 do not seem to have a wholesome moral tendency. The reason is, 
 that many of them all the author's favourites exhibit an excel 
 lence flowing from constitution and temperament, and not from 
 the influence of moral or religious motive. They act from impulse, 
 not from principle. They present no struggle of contending pas 
 sions; they are instinctively incapable of evil ; they are, therefore, 
 not constituted like other human beings ; and do not feel the force 
 
DIG 
 
 of temptation as it assails our less perfect breasts. It is this that 
 makes them unreal, 
 
 ' Faultless monsters, that the world ne'er saw.' 
 This is the true meaning of ' the simple heart,' which Mr. Dickens 
 so perpetually eulogizes. Indeed, they often degenerate into sim- 
 
 Sletons, sometimes into mere idiots. . . . Another error is the un- 
 ue prominence given to good temper and kindness, which are 
 constantly made substitutes for all other virtues, and an atone 
 ment for the want of them ; while a defect in these good qualities 
 is the signal for instant condemnation and the charge of hypocrisy. 
 It is unfortunate, also, that Mr. Dickens so frequently represents 
 persons with pretensions to virtue and piety as mere rogues and 
 hypocrites, and never depicts any whose station as clergymen, or 
 reputation for piety, is consistently adorned and verified. . . . We 
 cannot but sometimes contrast the tone of Mr. Dickens's purely 
 sentimental passages with that of Sir Walter Scott on similar occa 
 sions, and the stilted pomp with which the former often parades a 
 flaunting rag of threadbare morality with the quiet and graceful 
 ease with which the latter points out and enforces a useful lesson." 
 North British Review, vol. iv. 
 
 Dickens, John. Tin Plates, Lon., 1736, 8vo. 
 
 Dickenson, John. Deorum Consessus, Lon., 1591, 
 8vo. Arisbas, 1594, 4to. Greene in Conceipt, Ac., 1598, 4to. 
 
 Dickenson, John. Miscellanea ex Historiis Angli- 
 canis, Lugd. Batav., 1606, 4to. 
 
 Dickenson, John. Serm. on Ps. Ixxxi. 
 
 Dickenson, John. Serm., 1779, 8vo. 
 
 Dickenson, Thomas. Serms., 1712, '16, 8vo. 
 
 Dickie, J. See MITCHELL, J. 
 
 Dickins, John, Register of the Ct. of Chancery. 
 Reports in Chancery, by J. Wyatt, Lon., 1803, 2 vols. r. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Dickins was a very attentive and diligent register, but his 
 notes being rather loose, are not considered as good authority." 
 LORD REDESDALE. 
 
 " From the author's official station great expectations were formed 
 by the profession from the proposed publication of them : sed par- 
 turiunt monies, etc." JBridgman's Legal Bibl. 
 
 Dickinson, Adam. N. Test. Graece, Lon., 1814. 
 
 Dickinson, Andrew. My First Visit to Europe, N. 
 York, 1851, 12mo. A 2d ed. has been pub. 
 
 " A very readable book fresh, unaffected, genuine. His narra 
 tion is at once faithful, varied, and interesting." 
 
 Dickinson, Edmund, 1624-1707, Physician to Chas. 
 II. and James II., is best-known as the publisher of Delphi 
 Phoenizicantes, <fcc.,0xon., 1655, 8vo, a learned dissertation, 
 written to prove that the Greeks borrowed the story of the 
 Delphic Oracles from the Holy Scriptures. But this trea 
 tise was really written by Henry Jacob, and appropriated 
 by the dishonest medicus. See Athen. Oxon. in Orme's 
 Bibl. Bib. Dickinson wrote a work entitled Physica Vetus 
 et Vera, Lon., 1702, 4to. Parabola Philosophica, and a 
 treatise on the Grecian Games, in Latin, pub. with an Ac 
 count of his Life and Writings, by W. M. Blonbery, 1709, 
 8vo; 1739. 
 
 Dickinson, Francisco. 20 Rare Secrets, 1649, 4to. 
 
 Dickinson, Capt. H. Instructions for forming a 
 Regiment of Infantry for Parade or Exercise, 1798, 8vo. 
 
 Dickinson, John, 1732-1808, member of the As 
 sembly of Penna., 1764; delegate to a general congress in 
 New York, 1765; member of Congress from Penna., 1774; 
 again in 1779 ; President of Delaware, 1780 ; President of 
 the Supreme Executive Council of Penna., 1782-85 : suc 
 ceeded by Benjamin Franklin. Speech, 1764. Reply to 
 a Speech of Joseph Galloway, 1765. Late Regulations 
 respecting the British Colonies on the Continent of Ame 
 rica, 1765. Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer to the 
 Inhabitants of the British Colonies, [12 Letters,] 1767-68. 
 Reprinted, 1774. 9 Letters under the signature of Fab'ius ; 
 intended to promote the adoption of the Constitution, 1788; 
 14 ditto, to encourage a favourable feeling towards France, 
 1797. His Polit. Writings were pub. in 2 vols. 8vo, in 1801. 
 
 Mr. Dickinson's style was distinguished by perspicuity, 
 vigour, and a flowing eloquence admirably suited to the 
 exciting topics which commanded his pen. He was au 
 thor of many of those able papers issued by the early 
 American Congress which elicited the ardent eulogy of 
 Lord Chatham. 
 
 The celebrated Petition to the King, erroneously ascribed 
 by Chief Justice Marshall, in his Life of Washington, to 
 Mr. Lee, was the production of John Dickinson. 
 
 "It won the highest admiration on both sides of the Atlantic, 
 and will remain an imperishable monument to the glory of its 
 author, and of the assembly of which he was a member, so long 
 as fervid and manly eloquence, and chaste and elegant composi 
 tion shall be appreciated." THOMAS AI.LIBONE BUDD : Life of John 
 Dickinson in the National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Ameri 
 cans, Phila., 1852, vol. ii. 
 
 The " Second Petition to the King" was also written by 
 John Dickinson. 
 
 Dickinson, Jonathan, 1688-1747, first President 
 of the College of New Jersey, 1746-47, was for nearly 
 forty years "the joy and glory" of the 1st Presbyterian 
 Church of Elizabethtown, New Jersey. He pub. many 
 
 DIG 
 
 serms. and theolog. treatises, 1732-46. A third ed. of his 
 Familiar Letters upon Important Subjects in Religion was 
 pub. at Edin. in 1757, 12mo, and a collection of a number of 
 his writings was issued in the same place in 1793, 8vo. See 
 Pierson's Serm. on his death ; preface to his serms., Edin. 
 ed. ; Chandler's Life of Johnson ; Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. 
 
 Dickinson, R. Sheriffs, Coroners, Constables, and 
 Collectors of Taxes, Springfield, 1810, 8vo. Justices of 
 the Peace, Boston, 8vo. 
 
 Dickinson, Robert. Serms., 1803-06, 8vo. 
 
 Dickinson, Robert. Serms., Lon., 1818, 8vo. 
 
 Dickinson, Rodolphus. New and corrected Ver 
 sion of the New Test, with Notes, Boston, 1833, r. 8vo. 
 Severely handled in the Amer. Month. Rev., March, 1833. 
 
 Dickinson, Samuel. Serm., 1784, 8vo. 
 
 Dickinson, Wm, Serm., Lon., 1619, 4to. 
 
 Dickinson, Wm. Ode in Artem Anatomicam orna- 
 tissimo doctissimoque viro Ricardo Mead, M.D., fol. 
 
 Dickinson, Wm. Antiquities in Nottinghamshire 
 and the adjacent Counties, Newark, 1801-03, 4to, vol. i. 
 This is an unfinished work, containing the Hist, of South 
 well. The Hist, and Antiq. of the Town of Newark, New 
 ark, 1806, 4to. See RASTALL, W. DICKINSON. 
 
 Dickinson, Wm. Justice of the Peace, 2d ed., Lon., 
 1822, 3 vols. 8vo. Justice Law of the last 5 years, 1813- 
 17, 1818, 8vo. 
 
 " A very good and convenient Appendix, executed with suffi 
 cient care and skill to answer all the purposes for which it was 
 undertaken." Lon. Monthly Rev. 
 
 Practical Guide to the Quarter Sessions, and other Ses 
 sions of the Peace ; 5th ed. by Mr. Sergeant Talfourd ; 6th 
 ed. with addits. by R. P. Tyrwhitt, 1845, 8vo. 
 
 Dicks, John. Gardener's Directory, 1769, fol. 
 
 Dickson, Rev. Adam. Treatise on Agriculture, 
 Edin., 1762, 8vo; 2d ed., 1765; vol. ii., 1769, 8vo; new 
 ed., 1785, 2 vols. 8vo. The Husbandry of the Ancients, 
 Edin. and Lon., 1788, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " This, though the best work on the subject in the English lan 
 guage, is inferior to that of Butel Dumont." McGuttoch's Lit. of 
 Polit. Economy. 
 
 "Dickson has ever been very justly reckoned to be a first-rate 
 writer of the time." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Dickson, Alex. De Vmbra Rationis et Indicij, Lon., 
 1583, 16mo. Libellusdememoriaverissima,&c.,1584,12mo. 
 
 Dickson, Caleb, M.D. Fever, Lon., 1585, 8vo. 
 
 Dickson, David, 1583-1663, a native of Glasgow; 
 minister of Irvine, 1618; Profes. of Divinity in the Univ. 
 of Glasgow, 1643, and afterwards in that of Edinburgh. 
 Explanation of the Epistle to the Hebrews, Aber., 1635, 
 fol. and 12mo. 
 
 " Not so satisiactory as his work on the Psalms." Orme's Bibl. 
 Bib. 
 
 Expositio analytica omnium Epistolarum, Glasg., 1645, 
 4to. Exposition of the Gospel according to St. Matthew, 
 Lon., 1651, 12mo. 
 
 " Short, but sensible and evangelical." Bickersteth's Christian 
 Student. 
 
 A Brief Explication of the Psalms, 1653-55, 3 vols. 
 8vo, Glasg. and Lon., 1834, 3 vols. 12mo ; with a Memoir 
 of the author, by the Rev. Robert Wodrow. 
 
 " Very popular during the latter part of the seventeenth cen 
 tury." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " The exposition, though brief, is not so short as to be unsatis 
 factory." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 "Of use for the justness and fertility of its observations." 
 WO.Uams's Christian Preacher. 
 
 Therapeutica Sacra, Edin., 1695, 8vo. 
 
 "An experimental and profitable work." BickerstetKs Christian 
 Student. 
 
 Exposition of all the Epistles, 1659, fol. 
 
 Dickson was engaged in some other works. Edward 
 Leigh see a Treatise of Religion and Learning, Lon., 
 1656, fol. commends Dickson highly, and Poole repre 
 sents his expositions as 
 
 " Brief, but perspicuous, ingenious, and judicious." 
 
 See Wodrow's Memoirs of Dickson ; Law's Memorialls. 
 
 Dickson, David, M.D. Medical Essay, 1712, Sro. 
 
 Dickson, David. Serms., Edin., 1818, 8vo. 
 
 Dickson, D. M. Ann. of Med., 1799. 
 
 Dickson, J. Revelations of Cholera, Lon., 1848, 12mo. 
 
 Dickson, J. Breeding of Live Stock, Edin. and Lon., 
 1850, p. 8vo. 
 
 Dickson, James. Prac. Discourses, Edin., 1731, 8vo. 
 
 Dickson, James, d. 1822. Fasciculus Plantarum 
 Cryptogamicarum Britanniae, Lon., 1783-1801, 4to. Dried 
 Plants, 1787-99, sm. fol. Botanical Catalogue, 1797, 8vo. 
 Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1791, '94, '97, and to Trans. 
 Hortic. Soc., 1815, '17, '18. 
 
 Dickson, James Hill. Letters on the improved 
 mode of the Cultivation and Management of Flax, Lon., 
 1846, 8vo. 
 
BIG 
 
 DIG 
 
 "The intelligence is very sound, and correctly estimated." 
 Donaldson's AgricuU. Biog. 
 
 Dickson, R. W., M.D. Practical Agriculture ; plant 
 ing, live stock, Ac., Lon., 1804, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 Much reputed for sound and correct information." Donald 
 son's AgricuU. Biog. 
 
 The Farmer's Companion, 1811, 8vo. Improved Sys 
 tem of Cattle Management, 1822, 2 vols. 4to. He edited 
 a monthly Agricultural Journal, 1807, '08. 
 
 Dickson, Rev. Richard. New Interpretation of 
 Psalm IxviiL, Oxf., 1812, 4to. 
 
 " These very learned and acute discussions well deserve the at 
 tention of all who are versed in Hebrew learning and biblical criti 
 cism." British Orilic. 
 
 Dickson, Richard. Law of Wills, Lon., 1830, 12mo. 
 Dickson, Samuel, M.D. Unity of Disease analyti 
 cally proved, Lon., 1838, 8vo. Fallacy of the Art of Physic, 
 1838, 8vo. Fallacies of the Faculty; being the Spirit of 
 the Chronic Treatment System, 2d ed., 1841, 8vo ; 5th ed., 
 1846, r. 8vo , 6th ed., 1853, 8vo. 
 
 Dickson, Samuel Henry, Professor of the Prac 
 tice of Medicine in the Jefferson Medical College, Phila 
 delphia; for many years Prof, of the Institutes and Practice 
 of Medicine in the Med. Coll. of the State of South Carolina. 
 1. Dengue : its History, Pathology, and Treatment, Phila., 
 1826, 8vo. 2. Essays on Pathology and Therapeutics ; 
 being the Substance of the Course of Lectures delivered in 
 the Med. Coll. of S. Carolina, 1845, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. Ess-ays 
 on Slavery, 1845, and sundry Orations and Addresses. 4. 
 Essays on Life, Sleep, Pain, Ac., Phila., 1852, 12mo. 5. 
 Elements of Medicine, 1855, 8vo, pp. 750. Dr. Dickson 
 has contrib. to many medical and miscell. periodicals. It 
 will be observed by the annexed notice that this distin 
 guished physician and author was for some time connected 
 with the Medical Department of the New York University : 
 "Dr. Dickson, recently of the Medical Department of the New 
 York University, and whose ill-health induced the resignation of 
 the chair he held there, has returned to Charleston ; and we ob 
 serve that his professional and other friends in that city greeted 
 him with a public dinner on the 9th ult. Dr. Dickson, we be 
 lieve, is one of the most classically elegant writers upon medi 
 cal science in the United States. He ranks with Chapman and 
 Oliver Wendell Holmes in the grace of his periods as well as in the 
 thoroughness of his learning and the exactness and acuteness 
 of his logic. Like Holmes, too, he is a poet, and, generally, a very 
 accomplished litterateur. We regret the loss that New York sus 
 tains in his removal, hut congratulate Charleston upon one of the 
 best-known and most loved attractions of her society." Interna 
 tional Magazine, vol. i. 
 
 Dickson, Stephen. Chemical Essay, <fcc.,1787,'90/96. 
 Dickson, Thomas. The Sovereignty of the Divine 
 Administration Vindicated, with a Pref. by J. Seddon 
 1766, 8vo. 
 
 Dickson, Thomas. De Sanguinis Missione, Lugd. 
 Bat., 1746, 8vo. 
 
 Dickson, Thomas, M.D., Physician to the London 
 Hospital. Blood-letting, Lon., 1765, 4to. Con. to Med. 
 Obs. and Inq., 1762, '70. 
 
 Dickson, Walter R. Domestic Poultry, Lon., 1833, 
 '46, 12mo ; new ed. with addits. by Mrs. London, illus. by 
 Harvey, 1853, p. 8vo. 
 
 "This is an excellent treatise on poultry, and deserves much 
 notice." Donaldson's AgricuU. Biog. 
 
 It is the most comprehensive work on the subject, and in 
 valuable to all who raise poultry either for profit or pastime, 
 Dickson, Wm. Negro Slavery, Lon., 1789, 8vo. Mi 
 tigation of Slavery, 1814, 2 vols. 8vo ; in conjunction with 
 Hon. J. Steele. Other works. Trans of serms. by Mas- 
 sillon, 1798, 3 vols. 8vo. Every one should read the serms. 
 of the eloquent Bishop of Claremont. 
 
 " He is doubtless of the first rank as a writer. No one has car 
 ried the excellence of style to a higher degree of perfection. He 
 attended to this branch of eloquence to the latest period of his 
 life. ... He retained in his old age all the purity of his taste, 
 although he had lost the vivacity of his imagination." ABB 
 MAURY : Principles of Eloquence. 
 
 " Bossuet is sublime, but unequal; Flechier is more equal, but 
 less sublime, and often too flowery ; Bourdaloue is solid and judi 
 cious, but he neglects the lighter ornaments; Massillon is richer 
 in imagery, but less cogent in reasoning. I would not, therefore, 
 have an orator content himself with the imitation of one of these 
 models, but rather that he strive to combine in himself the differ 
 ent qualities of each." M. CREVIER: Rhetorique, Prancaise. 
 
 " The heart was the object at which he aimed, and his eloquence 
 gave him its complete control, he convinced, he touched, h< 
 softened, he led his hearer captive his eloquence was irresist 
 ible!" COBBIN. 
 
 " We everywhere find the overflowing of a soul deeply pene 
 trated, great knowledge of the human heart, just and delicate 
 thoughts, brilliant ideas, elegant expressions, and a style at once 
 lively, concise, and harmonious." L'Avocat. 
 
 Dicnil, an Irish monk, b. 755-760 ? wrote a tract De 
 Mensura Orbis Teroe, and a treatise on Grammar ; the lat 
 ter appears to be lost. The tract De Mensura, Ac. was 
 first pub. in 1807 by C. A. Walckenaer, Paris, 8vo, from 
 502 
 
 wo MSS. in the Royal (the Imperial) Library at Paris. 
 In 1814 a new ed. was pub. by A. Letronne, Paris, 8vo, 
 rho consulted two MSS. in Italy. There is another MS. 
 f this tract in the Imperial Library at Vienna. 
 "Dicuil's language is rude and perfectly destitute of ornament; 
 rat he exhibits an extensive acquaintance with books, and quotes 
 Virgil, Lucan, and other Latin writers." Wright's Biog. Brit. 
 t., q. v. 
 
 Dieffenbach, Dr. Ernest, late Naturalist to the New 
 Zealand Company. New Zealand and its Native Popula 
 tion, Lon., 1841, 8vo. Travels in New Zealand, 1843, 2 
 vols. 8vo. A valuable work, containing an extensive Fauna 
 of New Zealand, and a Grammar and Dictionary of the 
 Language. 
 
 Die iii ar , E . M. The History and Amours of Rhodope, 
 Lon., 1780, 4to. 
 
 Digby, Everard, d. 1592. Theoria Analytica, Ac., 
 Lon., 1579, 4to. De Duplici Methodo libri duo, 1580, 8vo. 
 " A work of considerable merit. The main object of it is to point 
 out the advantages of method in the exposition of those principles 
 and rules which lead the mind to sound reasoning." Blakey's Hist. 
 Sketch of Logic. 
 
 De Arte Natandi, 1587. A dissuasive rel. to the goods, 
 . of the Church, 4to. A Short Introduction for to learn 
 to Swimme, trans, by Chr. Middleton. 
 
 Digby, Sir Everard, 1581-1606, distinguished as 
 " the handsomest man of his time," son of the preceding, 
 executed as an accomplice in the Gunpowder Plot. Some 
 of his papers were pub. with other pieces relating to tho 
 plot, 1678. 
 
 Digby, Francis. A trans, from Xenophon. 
 Digby, George, Earl of Bristol, 1612-1676, born in 
 Madrid during his father's (John, Earl of Bristol) first 
 embassy to Spain. Speeches, 1640, '41. Watt notes a 
 speech by the Earl of Bristol, pub. 1674 and 1679. Elvira, 
 a Comedy. 'Tis better than it was. Apology, 1642, 4to. 
 Letter to the Queen, 1642, 4to. Letters between Lord 
 George Digby and Sir Kenelm Digby, Kt, concerning Re 
 ligion, 1651, 12mo. See other publications of his in Park's 
 Walpole's R. and N. Authors. See also Athen. Oxon.; 
 Biog. Brit. ; Bp. Warburton's Introduc. to Julian. 
 
 "A singular person, whose life was contradiction." HORACE 
 WALPOLE. 
 
 Digby, John, Earl of Bristol, 1580-1653, father of the 
 preceding. Verses on the Death of Sir Henry Unton. 
 Other Poems. See Lawes's Ayres and Dialogues, Lon., 
 1653, fol. Trans, of P. du Moulin's Defence of the Catholic 
 Faith, 1610. Political Tracts and Speeches. 
 
 ' ' The Earl of Bristol was a man of grave aspect, of a presence 
 that drew respect, and of long experience in affairs of great im 
 portance. He was a very handsome man." LORD CLARENDON: 
 Hist, of the Rebellion. See Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors. 
 
 Digby, Sir John. Letter to Col. Kerr, Gov. of Ply 
 mouth, persuading him to betray his trust, 1645. 
 Digby, Lord John. Speeches, 1642, '60, 4to. 
 Digby, Sir Kenelm, 1603-1648, son of Sir Everard 
 Digby, was equally distinguished for his supposed skill in 
 occult philosophy, and for having married the famous beau 
 ty, Venetia Anastasia, daughter of Sir Edward Stanley, 
 
 " A lady of an extraordinary beauty, and of as extraordinary a 
 feme." LORD CLARENDON. 
 
 Ben Jonson, who wrote ten pieces in her praise, thus 
 laments her loss : 
 
 " Twere time that I dy'd too, now she is dead, 
 Who was my Muse, and life of all I said; 
 The spirit that I wrote with, and conceiv'd : 
 All that was good or great with me, she weav'd." 
 Aubrey gives a minute account of her appearance. Seo 
 Bliss's "Wood's Athen. Oxon., iii. 694-5. 
 
 Sir Kenelm was the author of a number of works: A 
 Conference with a Lady about the Choice of Religion, Paris, 
 1638, 8vo; Lon., 1654. His and Mr. Montague's Letters 
 concerning the Contribution, 1642, 4to. SIR THOMAS 
 BUOWNE'S (q. v.) Religio Medici, with observations, 1643, 
 12ino ; 1682, 8vo. Obser. on the 22d Stanza in the 9th Canto 
 of the 2d Book of Spenser's Fairy Queen, 1644, 8vo, "Con 
 taining," says his biographer, "a very deep philosophical 
 commentary upon these mysterious verses." Discourse 
 concerning the Cure of Wounds by the sympathetic Pow 
 der, 1644, fol., with instructions how to make the said 
 powder. In French, Paris, 1658, 12mo ; 1660, 8vo; Francf., 
 1660, Svo; Amst, 1661, 12mo. The Body and Soul of 
 Man, Paris, 1644, fol. Of Bodies and of Man's Soul, Ac., 
 Lon., 1669, 4to. Institutionum Peripateticarum, Paris, 
 1651. Letters between him and Lord George Digby con 
 cerning Religion, 1651, Svo. Infallibility of Religion, 
 Paris, 1652, 12mo. Adhering to God, Lon., 1654. Con 
 troversial Letters, 1654. Peripatetical Institutiones, trans, 
 by T. White, 1656, Svo. De Plantarum Vegetatione, 1661, 
 12mo; Latin, Amst, 1669, 12mo. Receipts of Surgery 
 and Physick, also of Cordial and Distilled Waters and 
 
DIG 
 
 Spirits, 1665, '68, '75, 8vo; in Latin, by George Hartman, 
 1668, 8vo. Trans, into many languages. His Closet 
 Opened, 1669, '77, 8vo. Chymical Secrets, pub. by G. Hart 
 man, 1683, 8vo. Excellent Directions for Cookery, 1669. 
 Remedies Souuerains, &c., Paris, 1684, 12mo. Secrets pour 
 la Beaute des Dames, Ac., Haye, 1700, 8vo. See Biog. 
 Brit.; Life of Lord Clarendon; Bliss's Wood's Athen. 
 Oxon. ; Bibl. Digbeiana, 1680, 8vo; Life of Sir Kenelm 
 Digby, pub. from his own MS. by Sir N. Harris Nicolas, 
 1827, 8vo. 
 
 " A Gentleman absolute in all Numbers." BEN JONSON. 
 
 " He possessed all the advantages which nature and art, and an 
 excellent education could give him." LORD CLARENDON. 
 
 Digby, Kenelm Henry. Broadstone of Honour, 
 (on the Origin, Spirit, and Institutions of Christian Chi 
 valry.) 1st Book called Godefridus; 2d Book, Tancredus; 
 3d Book, Morus; 4th Book, Orlandus, Lon., 1826, '27, fp. 
 8vo. New ed., 1845-48, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " He identifies himself, as few have ever done, with the good and 
 great and heroic and holy in former times, and ever rejoices in pass 
 ing out of himself into them." ARCHDEACON HARE: Gw.sscsat Truth. 
 
 "We have never read a volume more full than this [Morus] of 
 loving gentleness and earnest admiration for all things beautiful 
 and excellent." STERLING. 
 
 Mores Catholici; or Ages of Faith, Anon., 1844-47, 3 
 vols. r. 8vo. 
 
 " That delightful writer, who has collected, like a truly pious 
 pilgrim, the fragrance of ancient times; whose works I should cer 
 tainly recommend to the English Aristocracy, and Irish, too." 
 ARCHBISHOP OF TUAM. 
 
 Digby, Wm., Dean of Clonfert. 21 Lectures on Di 
 vinity, Dubl., 1787, 8vo. 
 
 Digges, Sir Dudley, 1583-1639, eldestson of Thomas 
 Digges, educated at University College, Oxford. Four 
 Paradoxes, or Politique Discourses, <fcc. by Thos. and Dud. 
 Digges, 1604, 4to. Defence of the E. India Trade, 1615, 4to. 
 
 " It contains some curious particulars, but wants the ingenuity 
 and originality which distinguishes Mun's tract." McCulloch's 
 Lit. of Polit. Econ. 
 
 Right and Privileges of the Subject, 1642, 4to. The 
 Compleat Ambassador, 1655, '65, fol. 
 
 " A pleasing variety of letters." BP. NICOLSON. 
 
 Digges, Dudley, 1612 ?-1643, third son of the preced 
 ing. An Answer to Observations upon some of his Majes 
 ty's late Answers and Expresses, Oxon., 1642 ; anon. The 
 Unlawfulness of Subjects taking up Arms against their 
 sovereign on what case soever, 1643, '47, 4to; 1662, 8vo. 
 Review of the Observations upon some of his Majesty's 
 late Answers and Expresses, Oxon., 1643, '44; anon. 
 
 Digges, Edward. Silkworms, Phil. Trans., 1665. 
 
 Digges, Leonard, d. about 1573, an eminent mathe 
 matician, father of Thomas Digges, a native of Barham, 
 Kent, was educated at University College, Oxford. Tec- 
 tonicon ; measuring of Land, <fec., Lon., 1556, 4to. A Prog 
 nostication to judge of the weather, <fec., 1555, '40, '56, '64, 
 '67 ; augmented by T. Digges, 1576, '78, '92, 1634, 4to. An 
 Arithmet. Military Treatise named Stratioticos ; augmented 
 by T. Digges, 1579, '90, 4to. 
 
 " There is here a brief and good treatise on Arithmetic, and some 
 Algebra of the school of Recorde and Scheubel; but the greater 
 part of the work is on military matters." Professor De Morgan's 
 Arithmetical Books, Lon., 1847, 8vo. 
 
 " A most excellent mathematician, a skilful architect, and a most 
 expert surveyor of land." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Digges, Leonard, 1588-1635, grandson of the pre 
 ceding, was educated at University College, Oxford. Ge- 
 rardo; from the Spanish of Goncalo de Cespades, Lon., 
 1622, 4to. The Rape of Proserpine; from the Latin of 
 Claudian, 1628, 4to. His commendatory verses to Shaks- 
 peare were prefixed to the works of the latter. See 1st 
 folio, 1623; and Poems, 1640, 8vo. 
 
 " A great master of the English language, a perfect understander 
 of the French and Spanish, a good poet, and no mean orator." 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Digges, Thomas, d. 1595, son of the. first-named 
 Leonard, and father of Leonard the younger and of Sir 
 Dudley, is known chiefly as the editor of his father's works, 
 but pub. several works of his own. A Geometrical Trea 
 tise named Pantometria, by Leonard and Thos. Digges, 
 Lon., 1571, 4to; 1591, fol. Alee, sive Scalse Mathematicse, 
 1573, 4to. Stratioticos. See DIGGES, LEONARD. Eng 
 land's Defence, 1680, fol. Celestial Orbs, 1592, 4to. Hum 
 ble Motives, 1601, 8vo. See Archseol., vol. vi. Nova Cor 
 pora Regularia, 1634, 4to. Digges commenced a number 
 of works which were never finished, in consequence of his 
 becoming entangled in lawsuits. The vexations to which 
 he was thus subjected were too much for the philosopher's 
 equanimity; for after giving us a catalogue of six works 
 which he had designed publishing, he thus breaks forth : 
 
 " All these, and other, long sithens, the author had finished and 
 published, had not the infernall furies, enuing such his ftelicitie 
 and happie societie with his mathematical muses, for many yeares 
 
 DIL 
 
 I so tormented him with lawe-brables. that he hath bene enforced 
 
 i to discontinue those his delectable studies.'' See Bliss's Wood's 
 
 Athen. Oxon. ; Stow's Survey of London, i. 71, 72, edit., Lon., 1720 ; 
 
 Biog. Brit. ; Brit. Bibliographer, where are some curious extracts 
 
 from his works. 
 
 The mathematical genius of the various members of this 
 family is remarkable. It is supposed that a spy-glass was 
 in their possession, the invention of which and the instru 
 ment itself were kept secret. 
 
 "One of the most important names connected with the advance 
 ment of English mathematical science in the 16th century is that 
 of Digges." PROF. DE MORGAN. 
 
 Dighton, T. Kneeling at the Sacrament, 1618. 
 
 Dignan, Browne, M.D. Essay on the Political 
 Principles of Public Economy, 1776, 12mo. 
 
 Dikes, T. 1. Serm. 2. F. Penitentiary, 1811. 
 
 Diligent, J. Log of the Cumberland, 8vo. 
 
 Dilke, Charles Wentworth, b. 1789, the proprietor 
 and for many years editor of the London Athenaeum, was 
 formerly a contributor to the Westminster and Retrospec 
 tive Reviews and other periodicals. In 1814 he edited a 
 valuable collection of Old English Plays, in 6 vols. A 
 notice of Mr. Dilke will be found in Men of the Time, 
 Lon., 1853, also in Knight's Eng. Cyc. 
 
 Dilke, Thomas. The Lover's Luck ; a comedy, Lon., 
 
 1696, 4to. The City Lady, or Folly Reclaimed ; a comedy, 
 
 1697, 4to. 
 
 Dill, . M., D.D. Ireland's Miseries; the Grand 
 Cause and Cure, Edin., 1852, 12mo. 
 
 " This is a book that will attract much attention." 
 
 Dillaway, Charles K., late principal in Boston Latin 
 School, Mass., has pub. many useful educational works. 
 
 Dillenius, John James, M,D., 1687-1747, an emi 
 nent botanist, a native of Darmstadt, settled in England, 
 and became Prof, of Botany in the University of Oxford. 
 Catalogus Plantarum, &c., Francf., 1718, '19, 8vo. An 
 improved ed. of Ray's Synopsis Stirpium Britannicarum, 
 1724. Hortus Elthamensis, Ac., Lon. and Oxf., 1732, 
 2 vols. fol. 
 
 " Est opus botanicum, quo absolutius mundum non vidit." 
 LINNAEUS. 
 
 Historia Muscorum; a general History of Land and 
 Water, &c. Mosses and Corals, Oxon., 1741, 2 vols. 4to. 
 Dillenius came to England by the invitation of Dr. Win. 
 Sherard, who left 3000 to establish a botany professor 
 ship at Oxford, provided Dillenius should first fill the 
 chair. See Biog. Brit. ; Pulteney's Sketches of Botany in 
 Eng. ; Stoever's Life of Linnaeus ; Rees's Cyc. ; Nichols's 
 Lit. Anecdotes. 
 
 Dillingham, Fras. Theolog. treatises, 1599-1617. 
 
 Dillingham, Wm., D.D. Theolog. and poet, works, 
 1661-1700. 
 
 Dillingham, Wm. H., 1790-1854, a native of Lee, 
 Berkshire co., Mass., for many years a resident of Phila 
 delphia. Tribute to Peter Collinson. Address and Ora 
 tions before various societies, and many contributions to 
 the periodicals of the day. 
 
 Dillon, Lord. Rosaline de Vere; a Romance, Lon., 
 2 vols. p. 8vo. The Life and Opinions of Sir Richard Mal- 
 travers, an English Gentleman of the 17th Century, 2 vols. 
 p. 8vo. 
 
 " The original tone of thinking of these volumes cannot but 
 cause them to be much read." New Month. Mag., 1822. 
 
 Eccelino da Romano ; a Poem, 8vo. 
 
 " There is a richness of diction and originality of idea such as 
 would have claimed for the author a high reputation even in the 
 best days of our national poetry." Lon. New Month. Mag., Sept. 
 1828. 
 
 Dillon, Hon. Arthur. A Winter in Iceland and 
 Lapland, Lon., 1840, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " These volumes, full of information, historical and descriptive, 
 are the result of a journey not less creditable to Mr. Dillon's lite 
 rary character than his courage. The history is a sort of sea ro 
 mance." Lon. Atlas. 
 
 Dillon, Hon. Henry Augustus, Viscount, Col., 
 and M.P. Letter relative to the Roman Catholics of Ire 
 land, Lon., 1805, 8vo. A Commentary on the Military 
 Establishments and Defence of the British Empire, Lon., 
 1811, '12, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Dillon, Sir J. Case of the Children of the Duke of 
 Sussex elucidated; a Juridical Exercitation, Lon., 1832, 
 4to ; of Sir A. d'Este, 1832, 8vo. 
 
 Dillon, John Joseph. Legal and Political treatises. 
 Lon., 1800-13. 
 
 Dillon, John T. Travels through Spain, Lon., 1780, 
 4to. This work treats of Natural History and Physical 
 Geography. Letters from Spain, 1781, 8vo. Art of Paint 
 ing, 1782, 8vo. Survey of the S. Roman Empire, 1782, 8vo>. 
 I Hist works, 1788, '90. Oxen for Tillage in competition 
 with Horses, from the French of De Monray, with Notes, 
 i 1796, 8vo. 
 
 603 
 
DIL 
 
 DIS 
 
 " He labours hard, as all others on the same subject, to establish 
 L. fallacy, and a contradiction to the ordinations of nature." Do 
 naldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Dillon, R. C. Lectures on the 39 Articles, Lon., 
 12mo. Occasional Serms. 8vo, 20 Serins. 8vo. 
 
 "Good specimens of the style of preaching suited to a polished 
 audience." Lon. Eoangd. Mag. 
 Dillon, Theobald. Military Plans, 1796. 
 Dillon, Wentworth, Earl of Roscommon, b. in Ire 
 land about 1633, d. 1684, was a son of James, third Earl 
 of Roscommon, by Elizabeth Wentworth, sister of the great 
 Earl of Strafford. He studied for some time at the Pro 
 testant University of Caen, in Normandy, under Bochart, 
 subsequently resided at Rome, returned to Ireland, and 
 finally settled in London, where he was made master of 
 the horse to the Duchess of York, and married the widow 
 of Colonel Courtney, a daughter to the Earl of Burlington. 
 He died in 1684 of an attack of the gout, repeating with 
 great energy at the moment of his departure two lines of 
 his own version of Dies Iras : 
 
 " My God, my Father, and my Friend, 
 
 Do not forsake me in my end!" 
 
 Essay on Translated Verse, 1684, 4to. Works, 1700, 
 8vo; with those of Rochester, 1709, 8vo. New ed. of his 
 Works, with an Essay on Poetry by the Earl of Mulgrave 
 and Duke of Buckingham, together with Poems by Mr. 
 Richard Duke, 1717, 8vo. And his poems will be found 
 in Johnson's and Chalmers's Collection of the Poets. They 
 are few in number, but have considerable merit. His Es 
 say on Translated Verse and his trans, of Horace's Art of 
 Poetry have been highly commended. But no praise can 
 be higher than that which Pope allows him of being the 
 only moral writer of King Charles's reign : 
 
 " Unhappy Dryden ! in all Charles's days, 
 Roscommon only boasts unspotted lays." 
 
 " It was my Lord Roscommon's Essay on Translated Verse which 
 made me uneasy till I tried whether or no I was capable of follow 
 ing his rules, and of reducing the speculation into practice." 
 DRYDEN : Pref. to his Miscellanies. 
 
 " In the writings of this nobleman we view the image of a mind 
 naturally serious and solid ; richly furnished and adorned with all 
 the ornaments of art and science ; and those ornaments unaffect 
 edly disposed in the most regular and elegant order." FENTON. 
 
 " Of Roscommon's works the judgment of the public seems to 
 be right. He is elegant, but not great; he never labours after 
 exquisite beauties, but he seldom falls into gross faults. His ver 
 sification is smooth, but rarely righteous, and his rhymes are re 
 markably exact. He improved taste, if he did not enlarge know 
 ledge, and may be mentioned among the benefactors to English 
 literature. ... He is perhaps the only correct writer in verse be 
 fore Addison." Dr. Johnson's Life of Roscommon. 
 " Roscommon not more learned than good, 
 With manners generous as his noble blood ; 
 To him the wit of Greece and Rome was known, 
 And every author's merits but his own." POPE. 
 " Roscommon fills with elegant remark 
 His verse as elegant; unspotted lines 
 Flow from a mind unspotted as themselves." 
 
 Hurdis's Village Curate. 
 
 Dillwyn, Lewis W. Synopsis of the Brit. Confervae, 
 Lon., 1802-09, 4to. Botanist's Guide through England 
 and Wales ; by D. Turner and L. W. D. Cat. of Plants 
 near Dover ; Trans. Linn. Soc., 1802. Cat. of recent shells, 
 1817, 2 vols. 8vo. See LISTER, MARTIN, M.D. 
 
 Di 1 worth, Thomas, d. 1780. Book-Keeper's Assist., 
 8vo ; Schoolmaster's do., 12mo. Arithmetic, 12mo ; Com 
 pendium of do, 1752, 12mo. Guide to English Tongue, 
 1761, 12mo. These were long popular. 
 
 Dimock, Henry. Serm., Oxf., 1783, 4to. Notes on 
 the Psalms and Proverbs, Glouces., 1791, 4to; do. on Ge 
 nesis, Exodus, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel, and the 
 Minor Prophets, 1804, 4to. 
 
 "Almost entirely critical. . . . The work, on the whole, does 
 credit to the learning of the author, and affords some aid in inter 
 preting the Bible." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Dimond, Wm, the Younger, wrote a number of poems 
 and dramatic pieces, 1800-13. See Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Dimsdale, Thomas, Baron, M.D., 1718-1800, a cele 
 brated inoculator for the small-pox, pub. several treatises 
 upon the subject, 1767-81, some of which formed part of 
 a controversy between the author and M. Lettsom. See 
 BLAKE, JOHN. Dr. Dimsdale was created Baron of the 
 Empire by the Empress of Russia for his success in ino 
 culating her Majesty and the Grand Duke. See Gent 
 Mag., Ixxi., Ixxxviii., 209, 669. 
 
 Dine, Win. Poems on several occasions, 1771, 8vo. 
 Dinely, Sir John. Methods to get Husbands. Mea 
 sure in Words and Syllables, 1793, 8vo. 
 
 Dingley, Robert, 1619-1659, a Puritan divine, Rec 
 tor of Brixton. Spiritual Taste described, Lon., 1649, 8vo. 
 Deputation of Angels, 1654, 8vo. Divine Optics. 1655 
 8vo. Thunder, 1658, 12mo. 
 
 Dingley, Robert. Gems and Precious Stones, par- 
 Dp 
 
 ticularly such as the Ancients used to engrave on : Phil 
 Trans., 1747. 
 
 Dingley, Somcrville. App. to 14th ed. of Burns's 
 Justice of the Peace, Lon., 1785, 8vo. Parish Officer's 
 Companion, 1786, 12mo. 
 
 Dingley, Wm. Serm. Oxon., 1713, 8vo. 
 
 Dinmore, Richard. English Jacobins, 1796, 8vo. 
 
 Dinnies, Mrs. Anna Peyre, a daughter of Judge 
 Shackleford of South Carolina, was married in 1830 to 
 Mr. John C. Dinnies, then of St. Louis, now of New Or 
 leans. Mrs. Dinnies has contributed largely to the pe 
 riodicals of the day under the signature of " Moina." In 
 1846 she pub. in a vol., entitled The Floral Year, " one 
 hundred compositions arranged in twelve groups to illus 
 trate that number of bouquets gathered in the different 
 months." 
 
 " Her pieces celebrating the domestic affections are marked by 
 unusual grace and tenderness, and some of them are worthy of 
 the most elegant poets." DR. R. W. GRISWOLD : Female, Poets of 
 America, q. v. for specimens of her compositions. 
 
 " The holy fire of poesy burns pure and bright in her own heart, 
 and she cherishes it to illuminate and bless her own hearth." 
 Mrs. Hole's Wbmarf-s Record. 
 
 Dinsdale, Joshua. Serm., 1740, 8vo. 
 
 Dinsmore, Robert, b. 1757, in Windham, N.H. In 
 cidental Poems, accompanied with Letters and a few Select 
 Pieces, mostly Original, &c. ; with a Sketch of the Author's 
 Life, Haverhill, Mass., 1828. 
 
 Dinwooddie, Robertas. De Morbis Spontaneis ex 
 Acido Humore oriundus, Lugd. Bat., 1730, 4to. 
 
 Dirom, Alex., Major, <fcc. A Narrative of the Cam 
 paign in India, Lon., 1793, 4to. 
 
 "A very amusing and entertaining detail of the operations 
 which closed the late Indian war in 1792." 
 
 Corn Laws; with a Supp. by W. Mackie, 1796, 4to. 
 Plans for the Defence of G. Britain and Ireland, 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Dirrill, Charles. Shakspeare's Tempest, 1797. 
 
 Disbrowe, J. Lett, to the Speaker of ParL, 1659, 4to. 
 
 Disney, Alex. Christian Holiness, 1800. 
 
 Disney, David. God's People, Edin., 1764. 
 
 Disney, John, 1677-1730, an excellent magistrate, 
 who turned divine in 1719; Vicar of St. Mary, Notting 
 ham, 1722. Penal Laws, Lon., 1700, 8vo. Primitae Sa 
 cra, 1701, 8vo. View of Ancient Laws against Immo 
 rality and Prophaneness, Camb., 1729, fol. : this is a new 
 ed. of two Essays pub. 1708, '10, 8vo. Genealogy of the 
 House of Brunswick-Lunenburg, 1714. Flora, and the 
 Trans, of Mr. Gardiner, 3d ed., 1728, 8vo. Serms., &c., 
 1711-27. 
 
 Disney, John, D.D., 1746-1816, Chaplain to Bishop 
 Law, and Vicar of Swinderley, subsequently joined the 
 Unitarians. He pub. many serms., theolog. treatises, &c., 
 1781-1812. Memoirs of Dr. Sykes, 1785, 8vo ; of Dr. Jor- 
 tin, 1792, 8vo; of T. H. Hollis, 1780, 2 vols., 4to; new 
 ed., 1808, 4to. Serms., 1793-1816, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " The style is generally clear, perspicuous, and well suited to 
 common capacities." British Critic. 
 
 Disney, John. Laws of Gaming, Horse Racing, <fec., 
 Lon., 1806, '09, 8vo. Abridgt. of Election Law, 1812, 8vo. 
 Acts of Parliament rel. to Co. and Bor. Elections, 1820, 
 8vo. 5 Letters to Sir S. Romilly, resp. the Penal Laws, 
 1810, 8vo. Dodson's Life of Sir M. Foster, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Disney, John. Museum Disneianum ; 3 parts, r. 4to, 
 Lon., 1848-49. 127 Illustrations, engraved by George Mea- 
 som, 4 14. 6d. This fine collection is now in the Fitz- 
 william Museum, Cambridge, England; it has been long 
 known and prized by the Archaeologist, and won the en 
 comiums of Flaxman, Westmacott, Sir H. Ellis, <fec. 
 
 " They are illustrated in a manner which every one must allow 
 gives ample evidence of the learning and elegance of mind of their 
 accomplished author." Lon. Classical Museum, April, 1849. 
 
 " The antiquarian and the lover of the curiosities of by-gone 
 ages will find in this book much to amuse and instruct him." 
 Lon. Art Journal, Sept. 1848. 
 
 Disney, Samuel. Discourses, Lon., 1788, 8vo. 
 
 Disney, W., D.D. Serm., Ac., 1790, 1800. 
 
 Disraeli, Rt. Hon. Benjamin, b. in London, 1805, 
 is a son of Isaac Disraeli, author of the Curiosities of Lite 
 rature, <fcc., (v.post.) When 18 years of age he visited 
 Germany, and on his return pub. Vivian Grey, 1826, 2 vols. ; 
 1827, continued, 3 vols. 
 
 " The history of an ambitious young man of rank, who, by dint 
 of talent, personal advantages, and audacity, becomes the dictator 
 of certain circles in high life, some of the recent occurrences and 
 actors in which he has taken the liberty to describe with great 
 freedom. Decidedly the cleverest production of the class to which 
 it belongs." London Magazine. 
 
 | " We hail the author as a master in his art : and we may venture 
 j to appeal to the work he has produced, as at once a prognostic and 
 ! accomplishment of original invention, that rare faculty in the 
 . genius of this age." 
 
DIS 
 
 "These volumes abound with passages not surpassed for their 
 beauty in our literature. Delicacy and sweetness are mingled with 
 impressive eloquence and energetic truth. The magic of the style 
 simply consists in the emotions of the writer. He is a thinker who 
 makes others think ; and these volumes will be reperused at inter 
 vals with the delight of novelty." 
 
 " We must allow that the author has copied with considerable 
 fidelity the tone of drawing-room life, and transmitted to us with 
 great truth, by means of a few felicitous strokes, a number of por 
 traits, which will easily be recognised as resemblances of living 
 originals." Lon. Monthly Review, July, 1826. 
 
 In 1826 Mr. Disraeli visited Italy and Greece. In 1831 
 he was a candidate on the Radical side for the borough 
 of Wycombe, and he lost the election in two contests. He 
 was a candidate in 1835 as a Conservative for the borough 
 of Taunton, and fared no better than before; but in 1837 
 he was returned to Parliament as a Tory for the borough of 
 Maidstone. In 1841 he was returned for Shrewsbury; in 
 1843 he supported Peel, but in the three following sessions 
 was his bitter opponent and an advocate of Protection. 
 
 Upon the formation of Lord Derby's ministry in 1852, 
 Disraeli became Chancellor of the Exchequer, and held 
 that position for nine months. Since his retirement he 
 has distinguished himself by parliamentary opposition to 
 Whigs and Peelites. 
 
 Familiar with those scenes of life in which readers are 
 the most interested, possessing a highly imaginative cast 
 of mind and descriptive powers of no common order, it is 
 no marvel that the author of Vivian Grey should be one 
 of the most popular writers of his time. 
 
 We enumerate Mr. Disraeli's other productions. 2. 
 Voyage of Capt, Popanilla, 1828. 3. The Young Duke, 
 1831. 4. England and France. 5. Contarini Fleming, 
 1833. 6. Alroy, the Wondrous Tale, and The Rise of 
 Iskander, 1833. 7. The Revolutionary Epic; a Poem, 1834, 
 4to. 8. The Crisis Examined, 1834. 9. Vindication of the 
 English Constitution, 1834. 10. Letters of Runnymede, 
 1836. 11. Henrietta Temple, 1836; last ed., 1857. 12. 
 Venetia, 1837. 13. Alcaros; a Tragedy, 1839. 14. Con- 
 ingsby ; or, The New Generation, 1844. 
 
 " In whatever point of view we examine this work, it commands 
 unmixed admiration. It is admirable as a novel of real life, as a 
 picture of English society, as an exposition of political parties and 
 principles, as a gallery of living portraits. The recommendation 
 of such a novel to our readers would be a work of supererogation. 
 Everybody will read it." Court Journal. 
 
 15. Sibyl ; or, The New Nation, 1845. 
 
 " Few will read the volumes for either the story or the plot." 
 Brit. Quar. Rev., ii. 172. 
 
 16. Ixion in Heaven. 17. Tancred ; or, The New Cru 
 sade, 1847. 
 
 "It is full of charming effects of style and fine delineations, 
 when living characters are no longer the subjects. The descrip 
 tions of Oriental life are only to be compared with those of Anas- 
 tasius or Eothen." Edin. Review, Ixxxvi. 153. 
 
 " For our own part, we cannot see any use that is to be answered 
 by such books as Tancred. It is as dumb as the poor choked 
 hunchback in the Arabian Nights, when we ask what its business 
 is. There are no characters in it. There is no dramatic interest, 
 none of plot or incident. . . . Moralists tell us, that every man is 
 bound to sustain his share in the weight of the world's sorrows 
 and trials, and we honestly feel as if we had done our part by read 
 ing Tancred." J. R. LOWELL, in North Amer. Review, Ixv. 223. 
 
 18. Lord George Bentinck, a Polit. Biog., 5th ed., 1852. 
 
 " In this most interesting volume Mr. Disraeli has not only added 
 to his reputation, but we verily believe must increase his influence 
 even as a politician." Dubl. Univ. Magazine. 
 
 "This biography cannot fail to attract the deep attention of the 
 public. We are bound to say, that as a political biography, we 
 have rarely, if ever, met with a book more dextrously bandied, or 
 more replete with interest." Elackwootfs Magazine. 
 
 An ed. of his works was pub. in 1853 ; and the last ed., 
 in 10 vols. p. 8vo, comprising Nos. 1, 3, 5, 6, 11, 12, 14, 
 15, 16, 17, supra, appeared in 1857. 
 
 We are also indebted to Mr. Disraeli for a new ed. of Mr. 
 Isaac Disraeli's valuable Commentaries on the Life and 
 Reign of King Charles I., 1851, 2 vols. 8vo ; and he is 
 now (1858) engaged in editing a new uniform ed. of his 
 father's Works, with a Memoir and Notes. 
 
 " The years between Vivian Grey and Tancred have not been 
 spent idly by Mr. Disraeli. He has written many works of fiction, 
 all, we believe, successful, and some of them among the best of 
 their tune : some verse, in which he has rather tried than exercised 
 his powers ; and political essays, anonymous, but acknowledged, 
 in which the thing to be said was evidently much less valued than 
 the manner of saying it. The Adventures of Captain Popanilla 
 deserve to be remembered as an admirable adaptation of Gulliver 
 to later circumstances ; and the Wondrous Tale of Alroy is a most 
 imaginative attempt to naturalize in our language that rhymed 
 and assonant prose which has so great a charm for Eastern ears, 
 but which with us will scarcely win more admirers than have 
 been gained by the attempts at English hexameters." Edin. Re 
 view, Ixxxvi. 139. 
 
 See a Critical Biog. of Mr. Disraeli by G. H. Francis, 
 Lon., 1852, 12mo. 
 
 Disraeli, Isaac, 1766-1848, father of the preceding, 
 
 DIS 
 
 and son of a Venetian merchant of Jewish extraction, was 
 a native of Enfield, near London. He was educated at 
 Amsterdam and Leyden, and travelled for some time in 
 various parts of the Continent. Inheriting a handsome 
 fortune, which gave him the command of his time, and 
 possessing a strong attachment to literary investigations, 
 we need not be surprised that this gentleman contributed 
 so much valuable matter to the literature of his age. Two 
 interesting letters of the young aspirant for literary honours 
 and usefulness will be found in the Gent. Mag. : they are 
 addressed to the Rev. Dr. Vicesimus Knox, and bear the 
 date of 1786. In December of the same year he pub. in 
 the Gent. Mag., Remarks on the Biographical Accounts of 
 the late Samuel Johnson, LL.D., with an attempt to vin 
 dicate his character from late misrepresentations, signed 
 I. D. I. 
 
 The youthful author made some attempts at poetry, but 
 soon satisfied himself that he was not to look for distinc 
 tion in this sphere. In 1790 he pub. A Defence of Poetry, 
 with a Specimen of a New Version of Telemachus, 4to, and 
 in 1803 a volume of Narrative Poems, 4to. Some of his 
 poetical effusions will be found in the Gent. Mag., Ixxi. 
 446, and in the vol. entitled The Claims of Literature. 
 
 Curiosities of Literature, vol. i., 1791; vol. ii., 1793; 2d 
 ed., 1794, 8vo ; subsequently enlarged to 3 vols., (3d vol., 
 1817 ;) 2d series, 1823. The later impressions were en 
 larged and improved; the 12th ed. was pub. in 1841, and 
 the 14th in 1850. A Dissertation on Anecdotes, 1793, 8vo. 
 Essay on the Manners and Genius of the Literary Cha 
 racter, 1795, 8vo. Miscellanies ; or Literary Recreations, 
 1796, 8vo. Vaurien, a Satirical Novel, 1797; anon. Ro 
 mances, 1799, 8vo. Flim Flams ; or the Life of My Uncle, 
 <fcc., 1805, 3 vols. 12mo. Calamities of Authors, 1812/13, 
 2 vols. 8vo. Quarrels of Authors, 1814, 3 vols. 8vo. In 
 quiry into the Literary and Political Character of King 
 James the First, 1816, 8vo. Commentaries on the Life 
 and Reign of King Charles I., 1828-31, 5 vols. 8vo; and 
 a sequel. Eliot, Hampden, and Pym, 1832. The Genius 
 of Judaism, 1833, p. 8vo. Amenities of Literature, 1841, 
 8vo. This work was intended as part of an extensive sur 
 vey of English Literature, but partial blindness, induced 
 by long-continued application, prevented the completion 
 of this praiseworthy design. 
 
 But Mr. Disraeli did enough to entitle him to the lasting 
 gratitude of posterity. No lover of letters, old or young, 
 should be without the following volumes : 
 
 Curiosities of Literature, new ed., with Life, Lon., 1851, 
 r. 8vp. An edit, in 3 vols. 8vo, with Life of the Author 
 by his son, (see DISRAELI, RT. HON. BENJAMIN ;) new ed., 
 with Life by his son, Bost., 1858, 4 vols. 8vo. Miscellanies 
 of Literature; consisting of: 1. Literary Miscellanies ; 2. 
 Calamities of Authors ; 3. Quarrels of Authors ; 4. Charac 
 ter of James I. ; 5. The Literary Character, 1840, r. 8vo. 
 Amenities of Literature ; 2d ed., 1842, 3 vols. 8vo. The Life 
 and Reign of Charles I. ; a new ed., revised by B. Disraeli, 
 Esq., 1851, 2 vols. 8vo. Our author pub. many articles in 
 the Gent. Mag., and was a contrib. to Nichols's Lit. Anec. 
 
 In 1837 Mr. Bolton Corney pub. a vol. entitled Curiosities 
 of Literature Illlustrated, in which grave charges are ad 
 duced against Mr. Disraeli's literary character. We have 
 already referred to this vol.,(see CORNEY, BOLTON,) and shall 
 not here enter into any examination of the justice of these 
 imputations. 
 
 We conclude with the quotation of some opinions upon 
 Mr. Disraeli's literary merits. 
 
 Calamities of Authors. 
 
 " The middle of the book is much better than the two ends: it 
 is one of those works which are designed for the breakfast-table 
 and the sofa, and is so well adapted, for its purpose, that he who 
 takes it up will not readily lay it down. The matter is as amus 
 ing as any lover of light reading can desire, and of such a desul 
 tory kind that a comment might easily be made as extensive as the 
 text." ROBERT SOUTHEY, in Lon. Quar. Review, viii. 93, 1812. 
 
 " That it will tend to meliorate the condition of authors, or deter 
 a single young man, of scribbling propensities, from rushing into a 
 profession so unprofitable, is rather to be hoped than expected." 
 British Critic, xlvi. 12. 
 
 Commentaries on the Life and Reign of Charles the 
 First, vols. iii. and iv., 1830. 
 
 " Mr. Disraeli seems not to have considered how much easier it 
 is to accumulate great masses of materials than to impart to them 
 a harmonious form. Almost any artist in marble can imitate the 
 face; but to give it the divine art of life belongs only to a Canova 
 or a Chantrey. 
 
 " We do not know how we can better convey to the reader our 
 opinion of these volumes than by comparing them to the frag 
 ments of a broken mirror, reflecting an infinity of small objects. 
 We perceive no master hand selecting the more precious materials, 
 and disposing them according to a felicitous design." -ton. Monthly 
 Review, cxxiii. 195, 1830. 
 
 " By far the most important work upon the important age of 
 
 605 
 
DIS 
 
 DIX 
 
 Charles I. that modern times have produced. . . . The well-known 
 spirit of research of the author, and his acquaintance with the 
 sources of secret history, have produced a work which we hesitate 
 not to call indispensable for all desirous of forming an accurate | 
 judgment of the period of history it embraces." Lon. Quar. Rev. \ 
 " The present is another delightful book added to the former pro j 
 ductions of this esteemed writer, full not merely of his usual plea- 
 sant gossip of the olden time, but of curious personal political his- j 
 tory. It is calculated to throw an impartial light upon the leading i 
 events in the reign of the first Charles a reign more resembling 
 a romantic tale, or a tragic drama, than almost any period which 
 could be selected out of the history of any nation." ion. Literary 
 Gazette. 
 
 New Series of the Curiosities of Literature, 1823, 3 vols. 
 " We fear not to say, that NO MAN who has perused these volumes 
 attentively, can Ml to be a great, a very great deal more knowing 
 than he was when he began ; and that the fault must be entirely 
 his own, if he be not also a great deal wiser." Blackwood's Maga 
 zine, xiii. 163, 1823. 
 
 " The numerous editions which have been printed of the Curiosi 
 ties of Literature, amply attest the value of this instructive and j 
 amusing work on literary history and criticism." T. H. HORNE : 
 Introduc. to Bibliography, 412. 
 
 " Mr. Disraeli, from whose works the best-informed reader may 
 learn much." ROBERT SOUTHEY. 
 
 " His works must live in honour, and in freshness, as long as 
 our history and literature survive, and no man will turn over their 
 three hundred years hence, without saying to himself, 
 was a man of indefatigable zeal, of elegant feelings, and, 
 above all, of lofty purity of character.' " Slackwood's Magazine, 
 xiii. 163, 1823. ' 
 
 " Mr. Disraeli is and deserves to be a popular writer : his senti 
 ments are liberal ; his topics are various ; his illustrations display 
 command of reading ; and his style is lively and poignant. Few 
 writers instruct so amusingly and amuse so instructively." Lon. 
 Monthly Review. 
 
 " He is one of the most learned, intelligent, lively, and agreeable 
 authors of our era; he has composed a series of works, which, 
 while they shed abundance of light on the character and condition 
 of literary men, and show us the state of genius in this land, have 
 all the attractions for general readers of the best romances. . . . 
 I see it intimated that Disraeli has the History of British Litera 
 ture in contemplation ; he cannot do a more acceptable service to 
 the republic of letters, than write it." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM : Biog. 
 and Grit. Hist, of the Lit. of the last Fifty Tears, 1853. 
 
 The distinguished author whose testimony shall con 
 clude our article profited greatly by the works whose merit 
 he thus handsomely acknowledges : 
 
 " That most entertaining and searching writer, Disraeli, whose 
 works in general I have read oftener than perhaps those of any 
 other English writer whatever." LORD BYRON. 
 
 New eds. of the Curiosities of Literature, Calamities of 
 Authors, Quarrels of Authors, and Miscellanies, all revised, 
 with Additional Notes, by the Rt. Hon. the Chancellor of 
 the Exchequer, (Sir George Cornewall Lewis,) are an 
 nounced (1858) for immediate publication. 
 
 Distimiell, Josiah. Serm., Lon., 1791, 4to. 
 Ditton, Humphrey, 1675-1715, a mathematician of 
 considerable eminence, a native of Salisbury, was elected 
 Mathematical Master of Christ's Hospital principally by 
 the influence of Sir Isaac Newton. Laws of Nature and 
 Motion, Lon., 1705, 8vo. Fluxions, 1706, 8vo. Synopsis 
 Algebraicum of Helvetius, with addits., &c., 1709. Per 
 spective, 1712, 8vo. 
 
 "This gave the first hints of the new method afterwards en 
 larged upon and improved by Dr. Brook Taylor ; and which was 
 published in 1715." 
 
 Other mathemat. works, and the following theolog. trea 
 tise, which has been highly commended and trans, into 
 several languages: A Discourse concerning the Resurrec 
 tion of Jesus Christ, in three parts, with an Appendix, 
 1712, 8vo; 5th ed., 1740, 8vo. 
 
 " In this discourse the most solid reasoning on the subject of the 
 resurrection will be found." BISHOP WATSON. 
 
 " The two treatises of Humphrey Ditton and Gilbert West deserve 
 particular attention." Dr. Kippis's Note in Doddridge's Lectures. 
 " He states the nature of moral evidence, and alleges, with much 
 force, the proofs of the fact of the Saviour's resurrection." Orme's 
 Bibl. Sib. See Biog. Brit.; Whiston's Memoirs; Gospel Mag., 1777. 
 Dix, Dorothea L., a zealous philanthropist, a native 
 of Massachusetts, who has done much to ameliorate the 
 condition of the prisoner and the lunatic, has pub. several 
 works anonymously, among which are The Garland of 
 Flora; Conversations about Common Things; Alice and 
 Ruth; Private Hours; tracts for prisoners, Ac. 
 
 Dix, Henry. Art of Brachygraphy, Lon., 1641, 8vo ; 
 and an edit., 1633. This system of short-hand resembles 
 Willis's. 
 
 Dix, John. Lays of Home, Lon. Local Legends, 
 1839, fp. 8vo. Progress of Intemperance, 1839, ob. fol. 
 Life of Thomas Chatterton, 1837, fp. 8vo ; 1851. We have 
 noticed this vol. under CHATTERTON, THOMAS. 
 
 Dix, John A. Resources of the City of N. York, N. 
 York, 1827, 8vo. Decisions of the Supt. of Com. Schools, 
 N. York, and Laws relating to C. Schools, Albany, 1837, 
 8vo. A Winter in Madeira, and a Summer in Spain and 
 Florence, N. York, 1851, 12mo; 1855. 
 506 
 
 Dix, John H., M.D., of Boston, Mass. Strabismus, 
 Phila., 1841. Morbid sensibility of the Retina, Boston, 
 1849, 12mo. Changes of the Blood in Disease; trans, 
 from the French of M. Gibert, Phila., 8vo. 
 
 " The treatise of M. Gibert is elaborate, and exhibits a very good 
 view of the relation of the blood to the morbid conditions of the 
 system." Western Lancet. 
 
 Dix, Thomas. Land Surveying, Lon., 1799, 8vo. 
 Maps, 1805, 8vo. Juvenile Atlas, 1811, 4to. 
 
 Dix, Wm. S. Grain Machine, 1797, 4to. See Do 
 naldson's Agricult. Biog., 82. 
 
 Dixon, Rev. Edmund Saul. Dovecote, &c., Lon., 
 1851, '53-54, 12mo. Ornamental and Domestic Poultry, 
 1848, '58, 12mo. 
 
 Dixon, Fletcher. Serm., <fcc., 1792, '93. 
 Dixon, Frederick. Geology and Fossils of the Ter 
 tiary and Cretaceous Formations of Sussex ; edited by Prof* 
 Owen, assisted by Professors Forbes, Bell, Mr. Lonsdale* 
 Ac., Lon., 1850, r. 4to. This valuable work contains muck 
 general information respecting the geology of England. 
 
 Dixon, Capt. George. Voyage round the World* 
 but more particularly to the N. W. Coast of America, 1785^ 
 88, Lon., 1789, 4to. Voyage of Meares, 1790, 4to ; further, 
 do., 1791, 4to. Navigator's Assistant, 1791, 12mo. 
 Dixon, Henry. Moral Essays, *. I. et a. 
 Dixon, John. Letters on Fisheries, 1802, 4to. 
 Dixon, Joseph, M D. Con. to Med. Com., 1785. 
 Dixon, Joseph, D.D., R.C. Archbishop of Armagh. 
 A General Introduc. to the Sacred Scriptures; repub., Bal 
 timore, 1853, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Dr. Dixon has given us the first Catholic Introduction to Scrip 
 ture which has appeared in our language, and has performed his 
 task in a manner that reflects high credit on the office which he 
 holds, and the place in which he occupies it." Dublin Review. 
 
 Dixon, Joshua, M.D. The Literary Life of Wm. 
 Brownrigg, M.D., 1801, 8vo. 
 
 Dixon, Joshua. Church Catechism Illustrated, 6th 
 ed., Lon., 1841, 18mo. It contains 4000 Scripture refer 
 ences, and is an invaluable assistant to the Sunday-school 
 teacher. Repub. in Boston. Revised and adapted to the 
 Liturgy of the Church in America by Rev. George A. Smith. 
 Dixon, R. Law relative to Title Deeds and other Docu 
 ments, Lon., 1826, 2 vols. 8vo. New Code relating to Real 
 Property, 1827, 8vo. 
 Dixon, Richard. Serm., 1812, 4to. 
 Dixon, Robert, B.D. Consanguinity and Affinity, 
 Lon., 1674, 8vo. Nature of the two Testaments, 1676, fol. 
 Dixon, Robert. Canidia, or the Witches, a (Poetical) 
 Rhapsody in five parts, Lon., 1682, '83, 4to. 
 Dixon, Robert. Norfolk Scenery, 1810, '11, 4to. 
 Dixon, Roger. Consultum Sanitatus; a Directory 
 to Health, Lon., 1663, 12mo. Advice to the Poor, 1665, 4to. 
 Dixon, Thomas. See DICKSON. 
 Dixon, William. Vegetable Balls Found in a Lake 
 in Yorkshire ; Phil. Trans., 1751. 
 
 Dixon, William. Distillation from Corn, 1811, 8vo. 
 Dixon, Wm. Hepworth, of the Inner Temple, b. 
 1821, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, settled in London 
 in 1846, and soon became known by his writings in pe 
 riodical works. Appointed editor of the Athenaeum in 
 1853. John Howard and the Prison-World of Europe, 
 Lon., 1850, 12mo ; 3d ed., 1850, 12mo ; 5th ed., 1854, fp. 
 
 " A Life of Howard was certainly wanted, and our author has 
 proved himself competent to execute the task." Lon. Athenaum. 
 " Adventures more extraordinary it is impossible to conceive ; 
 and they are recounted by Mr. Dixon with a succinctness, simpli 
 city, and animation, that leave nothing to be desired. The book 
 is more interesting than any romance." Lon. D. News. 
 The London Prisons, Ac., 1850, fp. 8vo. 
 "These volumes relate to kindred subjects; and are written by 
 one who is in every way calculated to do justice to his theme. We 
 only express our calm and settled conviction, when we state it as 
 our opinion, that no works of equal interest, on the same subject, 
 have seen the light in our day." Lon. Evangelical Magazine. 
 
 William Penn, a Historical Biog., with an extra chapter 
 on the "Macaulay Charges," 1851, p. 8vo; 3d ed., 1856. 
 
 " His style is good and easy. There is life in his narrative and 
 vigour in his descriptions." Edin. Review. 
 
 "As a biography the work has claims of no common order. 
 Within the compass of a single volume Mr. Dixon has compressed 
 a great variety of facts, many original, and all skilfully arranged 
 so as to produce an authentic moral portrait of his hero. The lite 
 rary merits of the volume include great research, and a narrative 
 at once consecutive and vivid." ion. Athen., 1851, 346, and 1856. 
 
 Robert Blake, Admiral and General at Sea : based on 
 Family and State Papers, 1852, 12mo; 2d ed., 1858. 
 
 "The subject is noble; and Mr. Dixon has treated it with rare 
 vigour, spirit, and conscientiousness." Lon. Leader. 
 
 The French in England : Both Sides of the Question on 
 Both Sides of the Channel, 1852. 
 
 " The author wields a skilful pen, and tells his story with true 
 historical fervour." ion. Ocnt. Mag. 
 
DOA 
 
 Doaue, Augustus Sidney, M.D., 1808-1852, a na 
 tive of Boston, Mass., removed to New York in 1830, where 
 he resided until his death. An edit, of Good's Study of 
 Medicine. Trans, of Maygrier on Midwifery, Dupuytren's 
 Surgery, Lugol's Scrofulous Diseases, Bayle's Descriptive 
 Anatomy, Blandin's Topographical Anatomy, Meckel's 
 Anatomy, Scoutetten on Cholera, Ricord on Syphilis, 
 Chaussier on the Arteries, &c. Contributions to Surgery 
 Illustrated, and to sundry medical journals. See a bio 
 graphical notice of this learned physician in The Interna 
 tional Mag., v. 427, N. York, 1852. 
 
 Doane, George Washington, D.D., LL.D., b. in 
 Trenton, New Jersey, 1799, graduated at Union College, 
 Schenectady, at 19 ; ordained Deacon by Bishop Hobart, 
 1821 ; Priest, 1823 j Rector of Trinity Church, New York, 
 for three years. In 1824 he was appointed Professor of 
 Belles Lettres and Oratory in Washington College, Con 
 necticut. In 1828 he resigned that office, and soon after 
 assumed the charge of Trinity Church, Boston. In 1832 
 he was consecrated Bishop of the Diocese of New Jersey. 
 He pub. a collection of poetical pieces in 1824, entitled 
 Songs by the Way, and he has from time to time given to 
 the world a number of theological treatises, discourses, <fcc. 
 A collection of his Sermons and Charges was pub. in Lon 
 don in 1842, 8vo. 
 
 Some of Bishop Doane's poems have been greatly ad 
 mired. 
 
 Dobbin, Orlando T.,LL.D., Trinity College, Dublin. 
 Tentamen Anti-Straussianum : The Antiquity of the Gos 
 pels asserted on Philological Grounds in Refutation of the 
 Mythic Scheme of Dr. David Frederick Strauss : an Argu 
 ment, Lon., 1845, 8vo. 
 
 " A work in no common degree acute, learned, eloquent, and 
 what is rarer still in a region so often traversed original." 
 Church of Ireland Mag. 
 
 " It leaves Dr. Strauss without a loophole whereby to escape, and 
 establishes most unanswerably the antiquity of the Gospels." 
 Church and State Gazette. 
 
 " Complete, conclusive, and unanswerable." Christ. Examiner. 
 
 The Sabbath of Heaven, Lon., 1849, 8vo. 
 
 Dobbs, Arthur, d. 1765, Governor of N. Carolina, 
 1753. Trade and Improvement of Ireland, Dubl.,1729,8vo. 
 
 "This essay contains some interesting statements respecting the 
 trade and population of Ireland, and its state at the period to 
 which it refers." McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ. 
 
 Captain Middleton's Defence, 1744, 8vo. Countries ad 
 joining to Hudson's Bay, 1744, 8vo. Several tracts were 
 elicited by this work. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., and 
 Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, anno 1754. 
 
 Dobbs, Francis. The Patriot King, a Trag., 1774, 
 8vo. Universal Hist, Lon., 1787, 4 vols. 12mo ; Summary 
 of do., 1809, 9 vols. 8vo. Other works. 
 
 Dobbs, Richard. Serm., 1762, 8vo. 
 
 Dobel, D. Primitive Christianity propounded; or an 
 Essay to revive the ancient mode or manner of Preaching 
 the Gospel, Lon., 1755, 8vo. Mr. Dobel insists that read 
 ing sermons is not preaching. See Lon. Monthly Rev., xii. 
 240, 1755. 
 
 Dobell, John. Selec. of 700 Hymns, 1812, 8vo ; later 
 eds. Baptism, 1807. Humanity, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Dobell, Peter. Travels in China, Siberia, and Kamts- 
 chatka, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Full of curious facts, of new and interesting accounts of coun 
 tries known to us very imperfectly, and in many particulars not I 
 known at all." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 Dobie, A. English styles for Scotch Law practice, 
 Lon., 1824, 8vo. 
 
 Dobney, J. T. Devotion for Schools, 3d ed., Lon., 
 1846. 
 
 Dobson's Dry Bobs, 1610, 4to. A copy is among Ca- 
 pell's Shaksperiana at Trinity College, Cambridge 
 
 Dobson, John. 1. Dr. Pierce. 2. Serm.. 1663, '70. 
 
 Dobson, Joshua. Serm., 1747, 8vo. 
 
 Dobson, Matthew, M.D., d. 1784. Medical Comment, 
 on Fixed Air, Lon., 1779, 8vo ; 2d ed. by W. Falconer, M.D., 
 1785, 8vo. Con. toMed. Obs.andlnq., 1778; Phil. Trans., 
 
 Dobson, Robert, M.D. Profes. treatises, 1770, '75. 
 
 Dobson, Mrs. Susannah, wife of Matthew Dobson, 
 M.D. Life of Petrarch, from the French of the Abbe de 
 Sado, Lon., 1775, 2 vols. 8vo ; Dubl., 1777, 12mo; Lon., 
 1840, 8vo. Literary Hist, of the Troubadours, Lon., 1779, 
 8vo; 1807; Ancient Chivalry, 1784, 8vo; both from the 
 French of St. Palaye. Trans, of Petrarch's View of Hu 
 man Life, 1791, 8vo. A Dialogue on Friendship and 
 Society. 
 
 Dobson, W. S. R, Hooker's Works, Lon., 1825, 2 
 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Dobson, Wm. Prussian Campaign; a Poem, 1758. 
 
 DOD 
 
 Dobson, Wm. Kunopoedia; a Practical Essay on 
 Breaking or Training the English Spaniel or Pointer, 
 1814, 8vo. 
 
 Dobyns, John. Surgical con. to Phil. Trans., 1728. 
 
 Dochant, George. Catechism, Lon., 1653, 12mo. 
 
 Docharty, G. B. Institutes of Algebra, New York, 
 
 1852, 12mo. 
 
 "Professor Docharty presents the topics of Algebra in a natural 
 order, and with great clearness of statement throughout. We can 
 commend this book to the careful examination of teachers." 
 Methodist Quarterly Review. 
 
 Institutes of Arithmetic, 1854, 12mo. 
 
 Dockirray, Thomas. Serms., 1743, '54. 
 
 Docultree, Amoo. Game of Rowlet, Lon., 1774. 
 
 Docura, Ann. Apostate Conscience, Lon., 1700. 
 
 Dod, Charles Roger, 1793-1855, originally in- 
 tended for the bar. For thirty-seven years he was con 
 nected with the journals of London, and for twenty-three 
 years he was connected with the Times newspaper. He 
 superintended the reports of the debates in Parliament, 
 and wrote the memoirs of the most distinguished persons 
 who died during that time, for the same journal. The 
 Parliamentary Companion, 1855 : 24th year. Peerage, 
 Baronetage, and Knightage, 1855 : 15th year. 
 
 "The best publication of this kind that we have seen." West 
 minster Rev. 
 
 Annual Biography. Electoral Facts, 1832-52 ; new ed., 
 
 1853. Manual of Dignities and Precedence, 1842, '44. 
 Dod, H. Psalms and Songs, Lon., 1620, 8vo. 
 Dod, John, 1547-1645, Rector of Fawesley, 1624, is 
 
 generally called The Decalogist, from his Comment, on the 
 Ten Commandments. Although a Puritan, he was a zeal 
 ous Royalist. Expos, of the Ten Commandments by Dod 
 and Kobt. Cleaver, Lon., 1606, 4to; 1626; 8th ed., 1632. 
 Serms., 1614, '18, '21. Expos, of the Book of Proverbs, 
 by Dod, Robt. Cleaver, and Wm. Flinde, 1606, 4to; 1611. 
 Expos, of the Lord's Prayer, 1635, fol. 
 
 " John Dod was by nature a witty, by industry a learned, by 
 grace a godly, divine." Fuller's Worthies of Cheshire. 
 
 " He was in learning excelled by few ; and in unaffected piety by 
 none. He was particularly eminent for his knowledge of the He 
 brew language, which he taught the famous John Gregory of Christ 
 Church, in Oxford." GRANGER. 
 
 Dod, John. Serm., Lon., 1777, 8vo. 
 
 Dod, Rev. Marcus. On the Incarnation of the 
 Eternal Word. New ed., with a Notice by the late Rev. 
 Thomas Chalmers, D.D. 
 
 Dod, Pierce, M.D. Profess, treatises, 1729-43. 
 
 Dod, Samuel. Serm., Lon., 1714, 4to. 
 
 Dod, Thomas. Serm., Oxon., 1717, 8vo. 
 
 Dodd, A. Charles. The Contrast; strictures on Dr. 
 Price's Addit. Observ. on Civil Liberty, <fec., Lon., 1777, 8vo. 
 
 "A very illiberal and indecent performance." Lon. Monthly 
 Review. 
 
 Dodd, C. E. Law of Elections, Lon., 1826, 8vo. 
 
 Dodd, Charles, or Richard Tootle, d. about 1745, 
 a Roman Catholic priest and historian, residing at Harving- 
 ton, Worcestershire, was the author of The Church Hist, 
 of England, 1500-1688, the labour of thirty years. It 
 bears the imprint of Brussels, (1737, '39, '42, 3 vols. fol.,) 
 but is supposed to have been printed at Wolverhampton, 
 Staffordshire. This work was formerly entirely neglected, 
 but within the last few years has been sold for as high as 
 10 10s. The publication of a new ed. by the Rev. M. A. 
 Tierney, with Notes, Additions, and Continuation, to be 
 comprised in fourteen vols. 8vo, was commenced in 1839, 
 and its completion was promised by the end of 1842. It 
 is now thirteen years later, (1855,) and but 5 vols. have ap 
 peared, 1839-43, vol. 5th being supplemental to Dodd, and 
 written by Mr. Tierney. Whence the delay ? The pub 
 lication price of the new ed. was 12., small paper; 21., 
 large paper, per vol. 
 
 " A book of rare occurrence, and interesting chiefly to the curious 
 in biography. It was published as an antidote to Burnet, and is 
 avowedly written as a defence of the Roman Catholics. The author 
 was a caustic and not unqualified writer. His love of ridicule is 
 apparent; his reflections upon some of our early Reformers are 
 sometimes both unfounded and severe." Dibdiri's Library Com 
 panion. 
 
 " It is very rare and curious. Much of our own domestic history 
 is interwoven in that of the fugitive papists, and the materials of 
 this work are frequently drawn from their own archives, preserved 
 in their seminaries at Douay, Valladolid, &c., which have not been 
 accessible to Protestant writers. Here I discovered a copious no 
 menclature of eminent persons, and many literary men, with many 
 unknown facts, both of a private and public nature. It is useful 
 at times to know whether an English author was a Catholic." 
 DisraeWs Quarrels of Authors. 
 
 In the new edit, the biographical part is not intermixed 
 with the history, but is intended to form a distinct series in 
 the vols. after the 5th. In 1741 appeared A Specimen of 
 Amendments candidly proposed to the compiler of a work 
 
DOD 
 
 which he calls The Church History of England, 1500-1688; 
 by Clerophilus Alethes. This elicited An Apology for the 
 Church History of England, 1500-1688; being a reply to a 
 quarrelsome libel entitled A Specimen of Amendments, Ac., 
 1742, 8vo. Dodd also wrote Certamen utriusque Ecclesiae,<fcc., 
 1724, 4to. See the Somers Collection of Tracts, vol. xiii. 
 Dodd, George. Days at the Factories, Lon., 1843, 
 8vo. Manufactories of Great Britain, 1844, '45, 6 vole.lSmo. \ 
 " A book eminently suited to the times. ... It should be read i 
 by all who would know how it is that England has acquired the 
 character of being the greatest workshop of the world." British 
 friend of India Magazine. 
 
 The Curiosities of Industry and the Applied Sciences, 
 1852, 8vo. 
 
 Dodd, James A., b. 1807, in Virginia, a self-made 
 mathematician, was chosen Prof, of Mathematics, Nat. 
 Philos., and Astronomy, in the Centenary Coll., Miss., 1841 ; 
 in Transylvania Univ., 1846; President pro tern., 1849-55. 
 Elementary and Practical Arithmetic. High School Arith 
 metic. Elementary and Practical Algebra. Algebra for 
 High Schools and Colleges. Elements of Geometry and 
 Mensuration. Contrib. to Quarterly Review of the Meth. 
 E. Church South, <fcc. 
 
 Dodd, James S. Satyrical Lecture on Hearts, Ac., 
 8vo. Nat. Hist of the Herring, Lon., 1752, 8vo. Trans, 
 of Dr. Margat's New Prac. of Physic, 1774, 12mo. Hist, 
 of Gibraltar, 1781, 8vo. 
 
 Dodd, Mary Ann Hanmer, b. 1813, at Hartford, 
 Connecticut, has contributed many poetical pieces of un 
 common merit to The Hermenethean, The Ladies' Reposi 
 tory, and The Rose of Sharon. A volume of her poems 
 was pub. at Hartford in 1843. We may instance The La 
 ment, The Mourner, To a Cricket, The Dreamer, and The 
 Dove's Visit, as compositions of rare excellence. 
 
 Dodd, Philip Stanhope. Hints to Freshmen at 
 the University of Cambridge, 3d ed., 1807, 12mo. 
 
 Dodd, Ralph. Canals, Lon., 1795, 8vo. Reports, 
 1798, 4to. Letters, 1799. Water, 1805, 8vo. Dry Rot, 
 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Dodd, William, D.D., 1729-1777, a divine of the 
 Church of England, equally noted for his great abilities 
 and his melancholy end, was a native of Bourne, Lincoln 
 shire, of which parish his father was vicar, and educated 
 at Clare Hall, Cambridge. He was ordained in 1753, and 
 soon distinguished himself as one of the most eloquent 
 preachers in London. After various preferments, Dr. 
 Squier, Bishop of St. David's, procured for him a collation 
 to a prebend of Brecon, and in the same year he received 
 the appointment of tutor to Philip Stanhope, afterwards 
 Earl of Chesterfield. He was made one of the king's chap 
 lains in 1764. Dodd was exceedingly fond of display, and 
 lived in a style altogether unsuited to his moderate cir 
 cumstances. Finding himself deeply involved in debt, he 
 determined to make a bold effort to secure the rectory of 
 St. George's, Hanover Square, which had fallen to the dis 
 posal of the crown. To her great surprise, the lady of 
 Lord Chancellor Apsley received an anonymous letter offer 
 ing to present her with 3000 if she would obtain for Dr. 
 Dodd the vacant parish. This insulting proposal was 
 traced to the aspirant himself, and the king ordered his 
 name to be struck from the list of his chaplains. In 1777 
 he forged the name of his former pupil, Lord Chesterfield, 
 to a bond for 4200. Detected in this crime, he was cast 
 into prison, tried, and convicted, and notwithstanding 
 the most strenuous efforts to save his life executed at Ty 
 burn on the 27th of June. 
 
 Dodd's publications a list of which will be found in 
 Watt's Bibl. Brit. are numerous. We notice the follow 
 ing : Discourses on the Miracles and Parables of Christ, 
 Lon., 1757, 4 vols. 8vo. Serms. to Young Men, 1772, 3 
 vols. 8vo ; 1st Amer. ed., Phila., 1848, 24mo. An excel 
 lent work. The Visitor, Lon., 1764, 2 vols. 12mo. Com 
 fort for the Afflicted, 4th ed., 1789, 12mo. Thoughts in 
 Prison, in 5 parts, 1777, 8vo ; many eds. Reflections on 
 Death, 3d ed., 1769, 18mo. The Beauties of Shakspeare, 
 1780, 3 vols. 12mo; new ed., 1810, '16. Comment, on the 
 Old and New Test., with the Notes and Collections of John 
 Locke, Dr. Waterland, Lord Clarendon, Ac., pub. in num 
 bers, 1765, <fcc.; 3 vols. fol., 1770. 
 
 " This work, as giving in general the true sense of the Scriptures, 
 is by fer the best Comment that has ever yet appeared in the Eng 
 lish language." DR. ADAM CLARKE. 
 
 Perhaps this is rather extravagant. We have already 
 noticed the reprint of this work, (6 vols. 4to, 1801-03,) 
 with some alterations by DR. THOMAS COKE, q. v. The 
 name of John Locke in the title-page is an error. The 
 notes ascribed to him were really written by DR. RALPH 
 CUDWORTH; see the name in the Biog. Brit, last ed. 
 
 DOD 
 
 Beauties of History, 1795, 12mo. A Common Place 
 Book to the Holy Bible, by John Locke, Esq., revised and 
 improved by Wm. Dodd, 1805, 4to; 1824. The authenti 
 city of this work is questionable. 
 
 " It certainly is a very useful book." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 For further particulars respecting Dr. Dodd, see Memoirs 
 prefixed to his Thoughts in Prison ; Hist. Mem. of his Life 
 and Writings, by Isaac Reed, 1777, 8vo; Jones's Life of 
 Home; Gent. Mag., lx., 1010, '66, '77 j Boswell's Life of 
 Dr. Johnson. 
 
 Doddie, John. Associate Synod, 1800. 
 
 Doddridge, Doderidge, or Dodridge, Sir John, 
 1555-1628, an eminent English lawyer, was a native of 
 Barnstaple, Devonshire, and educated at Exeter College, 
 whence he was removed to the Middle Temple, appointed 
 his majesty's principal sergeant at law, 1607 ; Judge of the 
 Court of King's Bench, 1613. Among his works are Com 
 plete Parson, 1602; last ed., 1641, 4to. The Lawyer's 
 Light, 1602, 4to. Hist. Account of the Estate of the Prin 
 cipality of Wales, Duchy of Cornwall, and Earldom of 
 Chester, 1630, 4to. 
 
 " In this treatise, Sir John, with a great deal of industry and 
 exactness, calculates the ancient and present revenues of the pala 
 tinate ; but is not curious in clearing up its original history." 
 Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib. 
 
 English Lawyer, 1631, 4to. The Laws of Nobility, 
 Knights, Ac., Lon., 1658, 12mo. This is an enlarged ed. 
 of Bird's Magazine of Honour. Opinion, etc. rel. to the 
 power of Parliament, 1672, 12mo. Sheppard's Touchstone 
 and Wentworth's Executors have been ascribed to Judge 
 Doddridge. 
 
 Doddridge, Philip, 1702-1751, was the twentieth 
 child of a London merchant, and lost both of his parents 
 at an early age. His mother had been in the habit of 
 teaching him portions of Scripture history, by means of . 
 the figured Dutch tiles of the chimney of her apartment. 
 To such faithful instruction it was owing that we find him 
 at the age of fourteen visiting the poor, calling their atten 
 tion to the subject of personal religion, and dividing his 
 pocket-money with the necessitous. At a private school 
 at St. Alban's, his application and piety attracted the notice 
 of Dr. Samuel Clarke, who kindly undertook the charge 
 and expense of his education. In 1719 he entered the dis 
 senting academy of John Jennings at Kibworth; and 
 afterwards continued his studies at Hinckley in Leicester 
 shire. He evinced great conscientiousness in declining, 
 on account of scruples as to subscribing to the thirty -nine 
 articles, the liberal offer of the Duchess of Bedford, to sup 
 port him at the university, and procure him preferment in 
 the church, if she should live until he had taken orders. 
 He met with much discouragement in his efforts to qualify 
 himself for the office of a dissenting preacher. He says: 
 
 " ' I waited on Dr. Edmund Calamy to beg his advice and assist 
 ance, that I might be brought up a minister, which was always my 
 great desire. He gave me no encouragement in it, but advised me 
 to turn my thoughts to something else.' Resolving ' to follow Pro 
 vidence, and not force it,' he was about applying himself to the 
 study of the law; but before deciding he set apart one morning to 
 earnest solicitation for divine guidance : whilst thus occupied, he 
 received a letter from the generous Dr. Clarke, who offered to ad 
 vance him to a pastoral office. Looking upon this timely offer 
 < almost as an answer from Heaven,' he accepted it joyfully." 
 
 In his studies, he was uncommonly diligent and method 
 ical. At fourteen years of age he commenced keeping a 
 diary, in which he "accounted for every hour of his time." 
 Whilst studying Homer, he made annotations sufficient to 
 fill a large volume; and his interleaved Bible exhibits a 
 vast quantity of extracts and remarks, in illustration of 
 the text, taken from the works of eminent commentators. 
 Thus did he lay the foundation of his own admirable ex 
 position. He was never too busy, however, to seek assist 
 ance of the Father of Lights, "without whose help all 
 labour is ineffectual, and without whose grace all wisdom 
 is folly." (See Dr. Johnson's prayer on commencing the 
 Rambler.) He says: 
 
 "I found that an hour spent every morning in private prayer 
 and meditation gave me spirit and vigour for the business of the 
 day, and kept my temper active, patient, and calm." 
 
 Among his private papers, written about this period, was 
 a solemn pledge to devote himself, his time, and his abili 
 ties, to the service of religion, (this he read over once a 
 week,) and a set of rules for his general guidance. By aid 
 of these monitors he enforced upon himself 
 
 "The necessity of early rising, of returning solemn thanks for 
 the mercies of the night, and imploring divine aid through the 
 business of the day ; of divesting his mind, while engaged in prayer, 
 of every thing else, either external or internal ; of reading the 
 Scriptures daily; of never trifling with a book with which he had 
 no business; of never losing a minute of time, or incurring any 
 unnecessary expense, so that he might have more to spend for God ; 
 of endeavouring to make himself agreeable and useful, by tender, 
 compassionate, and friendly deportment; of being very moderate 
 
DOD 
 
 at meals, and of never delaying any thing, unless he could prove j 
 that another time would be more fit than the present, or that some 
 other more important duty required his immediate attention." 
 
 When we thus behold the foundation upon which this j 
 excellent young man began to build his character, we 
 need not be surprised at the lofty elevation and striking 
 beauty to which the superstructure attained. In July, 
 1722, in his twentieth year, he commenced preaching to a 
 small congregation at Kibworth. Here he pursued his 
 biblical studies, and seems to have enjoyed both these and 
 his professional labours : 
 
 " One day passe th away after another, and I only know that it 
 passeth pleasantly with me. . . . I can willingly give up the charms 
 of London, the luxury, the company, the popularity of it. for the 
 secret pleasures of rational employment and self-approbation; re 
 tired from applause and reproach, from envy and contempt, and 
 the destructive habits of avarice and ambition." 
 
 His favourite authors in his retirement were Tillotson, 
 Baxter, and Howe. In 1727 he was chosen assistant 
 preacher at Market Harborough. Two years afterwards, 
 by the solicitation of Dr. Watt, he established an academy 
 for the education of young men designed for the ministry. 
 Among his pupils, were Dr. Kippis, the editor of the Bio- 
 graphia Britannica, Dr. Hugh Farmer, author of the Essay 
 on the Dsemoniacs of the New Testament, and Newton 
 Cappe. In December, 1729, he took charge of a congre 
 gation at Northampton, and in the following March was 
 ordained. In December, 1730, he was married to a lady 
 named Maris. On this occasion he drew up the following 
 rules, which we commend to all our married readers, and 
 to all who design entering into that happy relation : 
 
 " It shall be my daily care to keep up the spirit of piety in my 
 conversation with my wife ; to recommend her to the divine bless 
 ing; to manifest an obliging, tender, disposition towards her, and 
 particularly to avoid every thing which has the appearance of pet- 
 tishness, to which, amidst my various cares and labours, I may, in 
 some unguarded moments, be liable." 
 
 He contracted a cold in December, 1750, whilst travel 
 ling to St. Alban's to preach a funeral sermon on Dr. Clarke. 
 The next July he preached his last sermon. A voyage to 
 Lisbon was recommended, but his scanty means presented 
 an obstacle to this step. Upon this becoming known, a 
 clergyman of the Church of England set on foot a subscrip 
 tion for his relief. A large sum was raised, and Doddridge 
 embarked on the 30th of September, 1751; the voyage 
 proved of no benefit, and he expired at Lisbon, a fortnight 
 after he had landed : his remains were interred in the burial- 
 ground of the British Factory. In person he was rather 
 above the middle height, and very slender. His manners 
 were very easy and polite, his conversation was agreeable 
 and at times brilliant. Like most men of decided talent, 
 of eminent piety, and extensive usefulness, he was very 
 fond of humour, and excelled in sprightly sallies ; and has 
 been described as taking "as much delight in innocent 
 mirth as a child," and as being "by far the most lively and 
 amusing member of the circle in which he moved." We 
 have referred to his habit of early rising : unless severely 
 indisposed he quitted his bed winter and summer at five 
 o'clock : 
 
 " I am generally employed with very short intervals from morn 
 ing to night, and have seldom more than six hours in bed ; yet, 
 such is the goodness of God to me, that I seldom know what it is 
 to be weary." 
 
 He attributes the greater part of his literary productions 
 to his having invariably risen at five instead of seven 
 o'clock ; " a practice which if pursued for forty years, would 
 add a fourth of that period to a man's life." Dr. Doddridge 
 is best known as an author by his excellent Family Expo 
 sitor, and his Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul. 
 These works have been frequently reprinted, and so long 
 as the Bible and human nature exist, must always be popu 
 lar on the whole, though, like all man's works, not without 
 imperfections. 
 
 " One part of Dr. Doddridge's Family Expositor, which must have 
 cost him uncommon pains, was his having everywhere interwoven 
 the text with the paraphrase, and carefully distinguished the 
 former from the latter by the Italic character. By this method it 
 is impossible to read the paraphrase without the text ; and every 
 one may immediately see, not only the particular clause to which 
 any explication answers, but, also, what are the words of the ori 
 ginal, and what merely the sense of the commentator. Nor was 
 our author content with barely inserting the old translation, but 
 gave an entire new version of the whole Testament, the merit and 
 usefulness of which will in many respects be acknowledged. This 
 translation was extracted from the paraphrase, and published in 
 1765, in two volumes 12mo, with some alterations and improve 
 ments by the editor, together with an introduction, and a number 
 of very short notes." DR. KIPPIS, in Biog. Brit. 
 
 Dr. Isaac Watts thus speaks of our author, in a letter to 
 
 Rev. Mr. Longueville of Amsterdam, who wrote to Dr. 
 
 Watts respecting a translation of some of Doddridge's 
 
 works in the Dutch tongue : 
 
 " I have no need to give you a large account of his knowledge 
 
 DOD 
 
 in the sciences, in which I confess him to be greatly my superior ; 
 and as to the doctrines of divinity and the gospel of Christ, I know- 
 not any man of greater skill than himself, and hardly one sufficient 
 to be his second. ... If you have read that excellent performance 
 of his, the Rise and Progress, &c., you will be of my mind." 
 
 For the latter production Doddridge received the thanks 
 of many eminent divines, and the Duchess of Somerset 
 thus writes to the author respecting it : 
 
 " I may with truth assure you, that I never was so deeply affected 
 with any thing I ever met with as with that book ; and 1 could not 
 be easy till I had given one to every servant in my house." 
 
 The Family Expositor has been translated into almost 
 every European language. At St. John's College, Cam 
 bridge, the Evidences of Christianity has long been used 
 as a text-book. 
 
 " No single work is equal to the admirable course of lectures by 
 Dr. Doddridge." SIMPSON. 
 
 " And first, as an universal storehouse, necessary to the student 
 in the conduct of his theological pursuits, Doddridge's Lectures. 
 [On the Principal Subjects in Pneumatology, Ethics, and Divinity."] 
 Bp. of Durham's Charge. 
 
 " I scarcely know a more useful book." DR. PARR: notice of the 
 same work. 
 
 The Practical Discourses on [Regeneration 
 
 " Are distinguished by the amiable and excellent author's wonted 
 clearness of statement and affectionate earnestness of persuasion." 
 DR. RALPH WARDLAW. 
 
 Sermons on the Power and Grace of Christ. 
 
 " I have read them with much pleasure and improvement ; they 
 are excellent." BP. WARBURION. 
 
 " After all, the young composer may find the popular sermons 
 of Dr. Doddridge more improving models. He excels in distinct 
 ness and scripture phraseology." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 " His Family Expositor is a masterly work. This admirable com 
 mentary is in the lists of books recommended by Bishops Watson 
 and Tomline, and almost every other theological tutor. The Har 
 mony of the Four Gospels is acknowledged to be executed with 
 great judgment, independently of the very valuable exposition 
 and notes that accompany it." T. H. HORNB. 
 
 Mr. Orme remarks : 
 
 " Of a book so well known and so generally esteemed as the 
 Family "Expositor, it is scarcely necessary to speak. It is admirably 
 adapted to the object which the author had chiefly in view ; and 
 no book can be read in a Christian family with more advantage. 
 . . . The translation frequently corrects the received version ; but 
 the paraphrase is often too diffuse, and in the notes he sometimes 
 discovers an anxiety to press a fine thought into the meaning of 
 the sacred writer. His Harmony, which must have cost him great 
 labour, is often unsatisfactory, has too many transpositions, and is 
 not so judicious in the arrangement as Macknight's." 
 
 " Of all our author's writings, the Family Expositor is the most 
 important and valuable." DR. KIPPIS. 
 
 Dr. Dibdin declares that 
 
 " The Family Expositor should find a place upon the shelf and 
 upon the table of every mansion where the moral duties of a Chris 
 tian are enjoined. Doddridge's heart was made up of all the kind 
 lier feelings of our nature, and was wholly devoted to the salvation 
 of men's souls. Whatever he did, he appears to have done to the 
 glory of God." 
 
 " His character and writings will long continue to be revered 
 and honoured by all who prefer scriptural truth to human sys 
 tems." MORELL. 
 
 Dr. Francis Hunt, Regius Professor at Oxford, bears tes 
 timony to the excellence of the Rise and Progress, and 
 Archdeacon Wrangham wrote thirteen practical sermons 
 founded upon that work. 
 
 "In reading the New Testament, I recommend Doddridge's 
 Family Expositor as an impartial interpreter and faithful monitor. 
 Other expositions and commentaries might be mentioned, greatly 
 to the honour of their respective authors, for their several excel 
 lencies ; such as, elegance of exposition, acuteness of illustration, 
 and copiousness of erudition; but I know of no expositor who 
 unites so many advantages, whether you regard the fidelity of his 
 version, the fulness and perspicuity of his composition, the utility 
 of his general and historical information, the impartiality of his 
 doctrinal comments, or lastly, the piety and pastoral earnestness 
 of his moral and religious applications. He has made, as he pro 
 fesses to have done, ample use of the commentators that preceded 
 him ; and, in the explanation of grammatical difficulties, he has 
 profited much more from the philological writers on the Greek Tes 
 tament than could almost have been expected in so multifarious 
 an undertaking as the Family Expositor." BARRINGTON, Bishop 
 of Durham. 
 
 " Doddridge is now my prime favourite among divines." The 
 Rev. Robert Hall's Letters. 
 
 " He was author of one of the finest epigrams in the English 
 language. It is in Orton's life of him. The subject is his family 
 motto, ' Dum vivimus vivamus,' which, in its primary signification, 
 is, to be sure, not very suitable to a Christian divine; but he para 
 phrased it thus : 
 
 ' Live while you live, the Epicure would say, 
 And seize the pleasures of the present day. 
 Live while you live, the sacred Preacher cries, 
 And give to God each moment as it flies. 
 Lord, in my views let both united be ; 
 I live in pleasure, when I live to thee.' "DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 Dr. Doddridge's works are : 1. Sermon after a Fire, on 
 Amos iv. 11, 1732, 8vo. 2. Ten Sermons on the Power and 
 Grace of Christ; or, Evidences of his glorious Gospel, 
 1736, 12mo. 3. Absurdity and Wickedness of Persecution 
 for Conscience' sake; a Sermon on Luke ix. 55, 56, 1736, 8vo. 
 
DOB 
 
 DOD 
 
 4. Sermon on 2 Cor. iv. 5, 1737, 8vo. 5. Sermon on 2 Kings 
 iv. 26, 1737 r 8vo. 6. Sermon, Northampton, 1738. 7. Dis 
 course at the Interment of the Rev. J. Newton, Lon., 1741, 
 8vo. 8. The Evil and Danger of Neglecting the Souls of 
 Men; a Sermon, Lon., 1742, 8vo. 9. Compassion to the 
 Sick Recommended and Urged ; a Sermon on Ps. xli. 1-3. 
 10. On the Flight of the Rebels; a Sermon on Luke i. 74, 
 75, 1745, 8vo. 11. Four Sermons on the Religious Educa 
 tion of Children, 1743, 8vo. 12. Funeral Sermon on 2 
 Kings iv. 26, 1737, 8vo. 13. Eighteen Practical Sermons 
 on Regeneration ; to which are added 2 Sermons on Salva 
 tion by Grace through Faith. 14. On occasion of a second 
 Shock of an Earthquake; a Serm. on Matt xi. 23, 24, 1750, 
 8vo. 15. Tracts, 1761, 3 vols. 12mo. 16. Of the Evidences 
 of Christianity, in Answer to Christianity not Founded on 
 Argument, Lon., 1742, '43, 8vo. 17. Three Letters to the 
 Author of Christianity not Founded on Argument, Lon., 
 1743, 8vo. 18. A Sermon on the Heroic Death of Colonel 
 James Gardiner, Lon., 1746, 8vo. 19. Some remarkable 
 passages in the Life of Col. James Gardiner, from his birth, 
 January 10, 1687, to his death, in the Battle of Prestonpan, 
 September 21, 1745; with an Appendix relating to the 
 ancient family of the Munroes of Fowlis, 8vo. Several 
 editions. 20. The Rise and Progress of Religion in the 
 Soul, Lon., 1750, 12mo. The most popular of his detached 
 works. It has gone through numerous editions, and has 
 been translated into the Dutch, German, Danish, and 
 French languages. 21. A Funeral Sermon, Lon., 1750, 
 8vo. 22. Hymns, Salop, 1755, 8vo. 23. The Family Ex 
 positor; or a Paraphrase and Version of the New Testa 
 ment, with Critical Notes and Practical Improvements, 
 Lon., 1760-62, 6 vols. 4to. The same, with his Life by 
 Dr. Kippis, Lon., 1808, 4 vols. 4to, or 6 vols. 8vo. New 
 ed., 1840, 4 vols. 8vo ; and 1839, imp. fol. This masterly 
 work has been often reprinted. An abridgment of it was 
 published by the late Rev. S. Palmer, entitled The Family 
 Expositor abridged, according to the plan of its Author ; 
 containing his Version, and the most useful Explanatory 
 Notes, with Practical Reflections at the end of each Sec 
 tion entire, 2 vols. 8vo. 24. Course of Lectures, published 
 after his Death, by the Rev. Samuel Clarke, 1763, 4to. 
 Republished by Kippis, with very extensive and valuable 
 additions, Lon., 1794, 2 vols. 8vo. 25. Of a Person who 
 had no Ear for Music, naturally singing several times 
 when in a delirium, Phil. Trans., 1747. 26. Of a Wether 
 giving Suck to a Lamb : and of a Monstrous Lamb, Ib. 
 
 We also notice: Memoirs of his Life, Character, and 
 Writings, Salop, 1766, 8vo. His whole works by D. Wil 
 liams and the Rev. E. Parsons, Leeds, 1802, 10 vols. r. 8vo, 
 6. Sermons to Young Persons; new edit., Lon., 1803, 
 12mo. Sermons, 1826, 4 vols. 8vo. Private Correspond 
 ence and Diary, 1829, 5 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " These volumes must rank with our first English classics, and 
 must go down to posterity as specimens of the English language 
 rarely surpassed." ion. Evangel. Mag. 
 
 Miscellaneous Works, with an Introduc. Essay by the 
 Rev. T. Morell, 1839, imp. 8vo. See also The Life and 
 Labours of Doddridge by John Stoughton, Lon., 1851, 
 12mo ; 2d ed., 1852. We do not feel willing to conclude 
 this article without quoting a few more testimonies to the 
 value of the writings of this truly excellent man : 
 
 "All Dr. Doddridge's addresses to his fellow-sinners breathed at 
 once the ardour of piety, and the tenderness of benevolence, by 
 which that spirit, under the guidance of a sound and divinely- 
 enlightened understanding, was ever animated." DB. WARDLAW. 
 
 " Clearness of thought, unaffected learning, fidelity to the souls 
 of men, and deep and chastened devotion, characterize the sermons 
 of Dr. Doddridge." 
 
 " The Family Expositor is a very judicious work. It has long 
 been highly esteemed, and is worthy of all the credit it has among 
 religious people." DB. ADAM CLARKE. 
 
 " In the critical part of the New Testament, I know of none bet 
 ter than Hammond or Whitby ; and for the harmony, commentary, 
 and short notes, Doddridge will prove most useful." KNOWLES. 
 
 It is unnecessary to speak its praise. Hervey thought he occa 
 sionally leaned to the trimming side ; but who is unexceptionable? 
 Perhaps there is more feebleness than positive trimming in his 
 doctrinal statement." Bicker steth's Cliristian Student. 
 
 Ihe same writer thus refers to the Course of Lectures on 
 Pneumatology, Ethics, and Divinity, with Lectures on 
 Preaching : 
 
 "Much maybe learned from this learned and devout writer : he 
 has many judicious criticisms on different authors; but there is a 
 tone of excessive candour, bordering upon Latitudinarianism, espe 
 cially in giving top great weight to objections, when treating up^ 
 the Evidences and Doctrines. His criticisms on theological writers 
 in his preaching Lectures, not duly respecting Evan<^lin 1 TXnntrln 
 fail in discrimination. See his Criticisms Sloteon Sow' 
 Atterbury." BICKERSTETH, uU supra. 
 
 Sir James Stonehouse remarks, in his Correspondence, 
 that Doddridge's three Sermons on the Evidences of the 
 Gospel, and his Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul, 
 
 particularly, were of great use in removing his prejudices 
 against Christianity, and forming him to the love and prac 
 tice of religion. 
 
 We may give another instance of the benefit resulting 
 from the Sermons on the Evidences of Christianity: 
 
 " It gave the author singular pleasure to know that these ser 
 mons were the means of convincing two gentlemen, of a liberal 
 education and distinguished abilities, that Christianity was true 
 and divine ; and one of them became a zealous preacher, and an 
 ornament of the religion he had once denied and despised." Mid- 
 dleton's Evangel. Biog. 
 
 The Sermons on the Evidences are pub. by the London 
 Tract Society for 3d. Mcllvaine's Evidences of Chris 
 tianity is one of the best manuals on the subject, and has 
 been the means of convincing many skeptics of the truth 
 of the Gospel. Such books should be widely circulated 
 among unbelievers, or those who have lingering doubts 
 upon this all-important subject. 
 
 " Doddridge was a burning and shining light which, in days of 
 more than ordinary coldness, Divine Providence was pleased to 
 enkindle, in order to impart both warmth and illumination to the 
 professing Christian world." BISHOP JEBB. 
 
 Dodds, James. A Century of Scottish History, 8vo. 
 
 "It displays much judgment and discrimination." Witness. 
 
 Dodgson, Charles, D.D., d. 1795, Bishop of Ossory, 
 1765; trans, to Elphin, 1775. Serms., 1761, '68. 
 
 Dodington, George Bubfo, Lord Melcombe, 1691- 
 1762, a statesman of considerable notoriety in his day, is 
 best known by his Diary, 1749-61, pub. by Mr. H. P. Wynd- 
 ham, Lon., 1785, 8vo; 1823. 
 
 " The Diary of Dodington, Lord Melcombe, must by no means 
 be neglected, for by its means we are allowed a slight glance into 
 the intrigues and cabals of the times. It is generally amusing, 
 and sometimes important." Prof. Smyth's Lect. on Mod. Hist. 
 
 "An admirable picture of himself, and an instructive lesson for 
 future statesmen." Edin. Review. 
 
 Dodington pub. some poetical and political pieces; see 
 Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors. 
 
 " Mr. Dodington has written some very pretty love-verses, which 
 have never been published." LORD LYTTELTON: Note to an Eclogue 
 entitled Hope, inscribed to Dodington. 
 
 Dodington, J. Govt. of France, Lon., 1657. 
 
 Dodritius, J. Acta in Comitiis Parliamentaribus, 
 Londini, Anno MDXCIIL, Contra Catholicos etPuritanos, 
 1593, 8vo. 
 
 Dods, John Bovee, b. 1795, in the State of N. York. 
 1. Thirty Sermons, 8vo. 2. Philosophy of Mesmerism. 
 3. Philosophy of Electrical Psychology. 4. Immortality 
 Triumphant, &c. 5. Spirit Manifestations Examined and 
 Explained, N. Y., 1854. 
 
 "No one whose mind is given to an investigation of the matter, 
 should neglect the perusal of this volume. It is both curious and 
 instructive." GEO. RIPLEY. 
 
 Dods, Mrs. Margaret. The Cook and Housewife's 
 Manual, 10th ed., Edin., 1853, 12mo. 
 
 " A valuable compendium of culinary knowledge." Edinburgh 
 Oourant. 
 
 "The book is really most excellent miscellaneous reading." 
 Slackwood's Magazine. 
 
 Dodsley, Robert, 1703-1764, a bookseller and author 
 of considerable note, a native of Mansfield, Nottingham 
 shire, was an apprentice to a tradesman, and subsequently 
 a footman. In 1732 he pub. a volume of poems under the 
 title of The Muse in Livery, or the Footman's Miscellany. 
 His next essay in literature was a dramatic piece entitled 
 The Toy Shop, the MS. of which he sent to Pope for his 
 perusal and opinion. The great poet saw the merit of the 
 production, recommended the piece to Mr. Rich, the mana 
 ger of Covent-garden Theatre, and became henceforth the 
 author's friend and patron. Dodsley now determined to 
 set up a bookstore, and his success proved that he had not 
 been too sanguine in his expectations. He soon gave to 
 the world two more dramatic pieces, The King and the 
 Miller of Mansfield, and The Blind Beggar of Bethnal 
 Green. In 1741 he commenced the Weekly Register, of 
 which 24 numbers were pub. A Select Collection of Old 
 Plays, edited by Thomas Coxeter, 1744, 12 vols. 12mo; 2d 
 ed., by Isaac Reed, 1780, 12 vols. cr. 8vo. Many copies of 
 this ed. were destroyed by fire. A few copies, large paper, 
 were printed, which have ben sold at very high prices. 
 New ed., with addit. Notes and Corrections by Isaac Reed, 
 0. Gilchrist, and the editor, J. P. COLLIER, (q. v.) 1825-27, 
 12 vols. cr. 8vo. This collection contains sixty of the best 
 and scarcest of the old English Plays, beginning with the 
 Moralities or Mysteries. Much valuable information is 
 interspersed throughout the volumes. 
 
 " We may here perceive how this noble generation of poets, some 
 of whose names are not familiar to us, have moulded our language 
 with the images of their fancy, and strengthened it by the stability 
 of their thoughts." DISRAELI. 
 
 " No species of Fiction is so delightful as the Old English Drama ; 
 even its inferior productions possess a charm not to be found in 
 any other kind of Poetry." T. B. MACAULAY. 
 
DOD 
 
 DOI 
 
 The Preceptor, 1748, 2 vols. 8vo. This is a collection of 
 miscellaneous pieces. Dr. Johnson furnished the Preface, 
 and The Vision of Theodore the Hermit. Trifles, 1748; 
 A Collection of Dodsley's dramatic pieces. The (Economy 
 of Human Life, 1751, Svo; several eds. This excellent 
 moral work, written by Dodsley, was attributed to Lord 
 Chesterfield. Public Virtue, 1754, 8vo, by Dodsley. The 
 Annual Eegister, commenced in 1758 at the suggestion of 
 EDMUND BURKE, (q. v.) who had charge of it for some time. 
 It is still pub. In this year he produced at Covent-garden 
 Theatre his tragedy of Cleone, of which Johnson said that 
 " if Otway had written it, no other of his pieces would have 
 been remembered." Fables of Esop, &c., 1760. A Collec 
 tion of Poems by several hands, 1763, 6 vols. 8vo. Fugi 
 tive Pieces, 1765, 2 vols. 8vo. To the periodical entitled 
 The World, established by Dodsley and Moore, the former 
 contributed No. 32. Miscellanies ; Cleone, Melpomene, Ac., 
 1772. Dodsley purchased of Johnson in 1738, London, 
 (his first original composition, pub. in a vol.) for ten guineas ; 
 and in 1749 gave him fifteen guineas for The Vanity of 
 Human Wishes. Dodsley's Poems, which possess great 
 merit, are pub. in vol. xv. of Chalmers's Collection of the 
 Poets, and the reader will find interesting particulars con 
 cerning him in the Biog. Brit., and in Boswell's Life of 
 Johnson. 
 
 Dodson, James. The Antilogarithmic Canon, 1742, 
 fol. Mathemat. Repository, Lon., 1748-55, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Dodson, Jeremiah. Serm., Lon., 1688, 4to. 
 
 Dodson, John, LL.D. Dalrymple Case, Lon., 1811, 
 Svo. Admiralty Reports, T. T. 1811 to E. T. 1822, Lon., 
 1815-28, 2 vols. Svo. Dodson's reports were continued by 
 Dr. Haggard. Dodson's were a continuation of Edwards's. 
 
 Dodson, Joseph. Serms., Lon., 1720, '28. 
 
 Dodson, Michael, 1732-1799, an English lawyer. 
 New trans, of Isaiah, with Notes supplementary to those of 
 Dr. Lowth, <fcc., Lon., 1790, Svo. 
 
 " Dodson thought he discovered nu: 
 mistakes and defects in Bishop Lowth's version.' 
 
 See Orme's Bibl. Bib. and Home's Bibl. Bib. for an ac 
 count of the controversy connected with this work. Me 
 moirs of Rev. H. Farmer. He pub. eds. of Sir M. Foster's 
 Trial of the Rebels, 1762, '76, '92, and his Life in 1811. 
 See Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Dodson, Wm. Draining of the Great Level of the 
 Fen called Bedford Level, Lon., 1665, 4to. 
 
 Dodswell, Dr. Hydatides in Sheep, Ac., 1778. 
 
 Dodsworth, Roger, 1585-1654, a learned and indus 
 trious antiquary, wrote 122 folio vols. (never pub.) which, 
 with 40 more collected by him, are now in the Bodleian 
 Library. See Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib. 22. He 
 designed using some of these materials in a History of the 
 Antiquities of Yorkshire, but the project was not completed. 
 He was the coadjutor of SIR WILLIAM DUGDALE (q. v.) in 
 the Monasticon Anglicanum, Lon., 1655, '61, '71, 3 vols. fol. 
 
 "He was a man of wonderful industry, but less judgment; 
 always collecting and transcribing, but never published anv 
 thing." WOOD. 
 
 Mr. Gough says that in the first part of this description 
 Wood draws his own character. See Gough's Topography, 
 vol. i. ; Archseol. vol. i. 
 
 Dodsworth, Wm. Cathedral of Salisbury, 1792. 
 Hist. Acct. of the Church of Sarum, &c., 1814, r. 4to. 
 
 Dodsworth, Wm. Discourses on the Lord's Supper, 
 1835, 12mo ; 3d ed., 1841, 12mo. The Church of England ; 
 a Protest against Romanism and Dissent, 1836, ISmo. 
 Why have you become a Romanist? a Letter to Mr. Sib- 
 thorp, 2d ed., 1842, Svo. We suppose that Mr. Sibthorp's 
 answer was not satisfactory, as Mr. Dodsworth has followed 
 him to Rome to see for himself. Priest's Companion ; new 
 ed., 1846, 12mo. Signs of the Times, 1849, 12mo. Angli 
 canism considered in its Results, 1851, 12mo. Comments 
 on Dr. Pusey's Letter to the Bp. of London, 2d ed., 1851, 
 Svo. Further Comments, 1851, Svo. Other works. 
 
 Dodwell, Col. Edward. Classical and Topographi 
 cal Tour through Greece, 1801, '05, '06, Lon., 1818. 2 vols. 
 4to. 70 Plates. Pub. at 10 10s. 
 
 " By far the best work on Greece." Da. E. D. CLARKE. 
 
 " This work displays great research, aided and directed by much 
 preparatory knowledge, and a sound judgment and good taste." 
 Stevenson's Voyages and Travels. ' 
 
 Thirty Views in Greece, 1821, r. fol., pub. at 18 18s. 
 Cyclopian or Pelasgic Remains in Greece and Italy, 131 
 drawings, 1834, imp. fol. Pub. at 6 16*. 6rf. 
 
 Dodwell, Henry, 1641-1711, wag educated at Trinity 
 College, Dublin, of which city he was a native. In 1674 
 he adopted London as his residence, and in 1688 was elected 
 Camden Professor of History at Oxford. He lost this post 
 in 1691, in consequence of his refusal to take the oaths of 
 
 allegiance to William and Mary. He was a man of great 
 learning and remarkable industry. Of his many publica 
 tions we notice the following: Two Letters of Advice, 
 Dubl., 1672, Svo. Separation of Churches from Episcopal 
 Govt. proved Schismatical, Lon., 1679, 4to. Reply to Rd. 
 Baxter's pretended Confutation of the above, Ac., 1681, 
 8vo. Dissertationes Cyprianicae, 1682, fol. This is gene 
 rally appended to Bp. Fell's ed. of St. Cyprian, Oxf., 1684, 
 Svo. Discourse concerning the one Altar and the one 
 Priesthood, insisted upon by the Ancients in their argu 
 ments against Schism, Lon., 1683, Svo. De Jure Laicorum, 
 <fec., 1686, Svo. Prselectiones Academicse in Schola His- 
 torices Camdeniana, Oxf., 1692, Svo. 
 
 " Highly serviceable to all such as shall hereafter engage in these 
 studies." BP. NICOLSON. 
 
 Annales Velleiani, Qvintilianei, Statiani, Oxf., 1698, Svo ; 
 1708, Svo; Lugd. Bat., 1719. Annales Thucydidei et Xeno- 
 phontei, Ac., Synopsi Chronologica, Oxf., 1702, 4to. 
 
 "Dodwell's learning was immense; in this part of history espe 
 cially (that of the Tipper Empire) the most minute fact or passage 
 could not escape him ; and his skill in employing them is equal to 
 his learning. The worst of this author is his method and style ; 
 the one perplexed beyond imagination, the other negligent to a 
 degree of barbarism." Gibbon's Miscellaneous Works. 
 
 De Veteribus Grsecorum Romanorumque cyclis, <fcc., Oxf., 
 1701, 4to. An Epistolary Discourse, proving, from the 
 Scriptures and first Fathers, that the Soul is a principle 
 naturally mortal, but immortalized actually by the pleasure 
 of God to punishment, or to reward, by its union with the 
 divine baptismal spirit. Wherein is proved that none have 
 the power of giving this immortalizing spirit since the 
 Apostles, but only the Bishops, Lon., 1706, Svo. 
 
 " Its absurdity is so evident, that only the character of Dodwell, 
 and the seriousness and labour with which he defended it, could 
 persuade us to think that he believed it himself. The work is very 
 curious, as a specimen of the torture to which a corrupted creed or 
 system is capable of putting the Scriptures. It contains some sin 
 gular remarks on the scriptural distinction between sold and spirit 
 which is the foundation of his whole hypothesis." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 This work elicited several treatises in support of, and in 
 opposition to, Dodwell's sentiments. Among the writers 
 were John Broughton, D.D., H. Layton, W. Coward, M.D., 
 F. Gregory, Saml. Bold, Danl. Whitby, Jos. Pitts, Edmund 
 Chishull, Thomas Mills, and Dr. Samuel Clarke. The last 
 named was the most distinguished of the opponents. Dod 
 well believed that all who were not circumcised under the 
 law, and all who are not baptized under the gospel, are 
 condemned to annihilation or to eternal sleep. Joseph 
 Hallett held the same opinion. See Dodwell's Life, with 
 an Account of his Works, and an Abridgment of them 
 that are published, and of several of his MSS. by Francis 
 Brokesby, 1715, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1723, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Dodwell, Henry, eldest son of the preceding, a bar 
 rister, was skeptical in his opinions, and pub. in 1742 a 
 tract entitled Christianity not founded in Argument. It 
 was answered by Doddridge, Leland, and the author's bro 
 ther William. 
 
 Dodwell, Wm., 1709-1785, younger brother of the 
 preceding, became Rector of Shottesbrooke, Vicar of Buck- 
 lersbury, Prebendary of Salisbury, and Archdeacon of 
 Berks. He pub. many serms. and theolog. treatises, 1743- 
 67. Serm. on a Rational Faith, 1745, Svo. This is an 
 answer to his brother HENRY'S (q. v.) Christianity not 
 founded on Argument. Practical Discourses, 1784-89, 2 
 vols. 8vo. Free Answer to Dr. Middleton's Inquiry into 
 the Miraculous Powers of the Primitive Church, 1749, Svo. 
 The Sick Man's Companion, or the Clergyman's Assistant 
 in Visiting the Sick, 1767, Svo. This and Paley's work 
 are recommended to candidates for holy orders by Bishop 
 Van Mildert. The Athanasian Creed vindicated and ex 
 plained in three Charges, Oxf., 1802, sm. Svo. 
 
 Doe, Charles. Works of Grace, Lon., Svo. 
 
 Dogget, Thomas, an actor and author, d. 1721. The 
 Country Wake, a Comedy, 1696, 4to. Altered into a Ballad 
 Farce, under the title of Flora, or Hob in the Well. 
 
 Dogherty, Mrs. Ronaldsha, 1808, 3 vols. Castle of 
 Walforth and Monteagle, 1812, 4 vols. 
 
 Dogherty, Hugh. The Discovery, 1807, 12mo. 
 
 Dogherty, Thomas, d. 1805. The Crown Circuit 
 Assist., Lon., 1787, Svo ; Supplet., 1787, '90, Svo. New ed. 
 of Sir Matt. Bale's Historia Placitorum Coronse : the Hist. 
 of the Pleas of the Crown, 1800, 2 vols. r. Svo. 
 
 Doig, David, d. 1800, aged 81. Two Letters on the 
 Savage State; addressed to the late Lord Kames, Lon., 
 1792, 12mo. Poem, 1796, 4to. Dissert, on the Ancient 
 Hellenes, in Trans. Roy. Soc., 1794. 
 
 Doig, David. To this gentleman we are indebted for 
 the able article on Philology in the 7th ed. Encyc. Brit. 
 
 "A production evincing uncommon learning, research, and in 
 genuity." Bath Herald. 
 
 611 
 
DOL 
 
 Dolben, John, 1626-1680, educated at CbrUt Church, 
 Oxford j Prebendary of Hi. Paul'*, 1661; Blnop of Bo- 
 ebMter, 1666 { ArobbUhop of York, i 
 
 II* wa riot f ry er*r. . *,ruwna, which much d- 
 
 W.iknowoi ..iily Uirw. ilmi. wore pnb., riz. : two in 1065; 
 and one In 1666, t.ii ,., n , 
 Dolben, ftir John, D.D., Prebend of Durham. Con- 
 
 .i.,ii.| < li-.rum on M- i-. all. I, 172fl, Mo. 
 
 Dolby, ICi. liiinl. The Cook's Dictionary and HOUNO- 
 
 iMtpttr'H lliru-l.ory, Lon., p. Hvo. 
 
 ill ih, I l.hu vurifcHt K', 
 
 M. itiijMtliiiii'M, with -a throat* 
 
 - ..... i ,,,!., ,11 n,. v., v ' Lon Ladv'tMag, 
 
 ,.,,.1 i..,,- 
 
 Dolby, Thoiiuii. 'II..-: I. "I. P<-i"" I'H-l.ionnry, Lon., 
 
 1M2, HVO ami Junto. An excel!' "I book 
 l>oi< 111,111, John* Trana. of the Queitlona of Cicero, 
 
 I .'.I, >'.vo. 
 
 Doii mil M, Nic. or Robert. See PAUHOHB, ROBERT. 
 i,,i, i, sii I > it n ii. Charge* to Grand Jurlei, Lou., 
 I-. -, '26, 
 Holland. He Doi.LOWD* 
 
 Dolliiiiin, 1'iaiM I* T. Kxampli^ ..C Anrii-.nl I'ulpiu 
 
 exiting in K.iKlimd, I-""-, 1 84'.', r. )!.. ; ::o piuUM, three of 
 uin.-h am highly flnlahed In oolouru, restored accurately 
 from the MUuttfj indinitlorti. 
 
 Doiloiid, John, 1706-1761, the dUooverer of the lawa 
 of the dUpemlou of light, and the Inventor of the achro 
 matic telescope. He pub. a number of paper* on toleucopea, 
 Ao, l iMni. TTM , i. ."., '.'18. 
 
 Dolloiul, I'rtur, 1730 1820, ton of the preceding. 
 An. ., mil . ..I ih, i 'i "loby John Dollond, Ac., Lon., 
 
 1789, 4to. Con. to PbU. TlWU. OB Light, *, 1772, '7'., ''.>.-. 
 
 Dollliail, NIC. in Kobi-ll. . I' , i.NM, llollKHT. 
 
 i),,,,,. 1,111-,, Ccorge ivtei. riui.. , r i,ia- AL.HIO 
 
 main-Ill Nrwliilllllllli-. IlllCillllli. , I,,, II., li .".II, '.'. Vtdh. KVO. 
 
 Donerham, Adam i< . Hiitorlo* de i;. I.UH Geatia 
 
 . ..... iiioiiHlhiiH, KdiLTI.. llniiin-, <)\,.n., 1727,2vols. 8vo. 
 
 Doim 1C , IMiilobelh. S, -, , , L741 Hvo. 
 
 Donnci, \Vni., M l>. nk.rn. ..n M.ih.i ... ii |.| i.-,- i., i 
 invalids, Lon., 1810, 8vg. 
 
 Domini, i-l, !(., M l>. Walur Itnllin, A.-., l.i.n., I7SI), 
 
 Hvo. Medical Anocdotoa of thu IHM!, .HO your*, tllii.jnii.-,! 
 williMtHlimlTrutliM, 17HI,Hvo. Ampthill Moilirino loll,., 
 1788, Hvo. 
 
 l>oiiiiiurli, \mli.-\\, D.D. , ,ini , |i,i,'. ||, i. 
 
 l>(ll, Dtiviil. I'roilroniiiM l''loi,r \,-|M|,-H i . I'limlM 
 in No|>al and adjacent Countrlen, 1826, 12mo. Tlii work 
 oontuiiiH nytitemiitloul duHoriptioiiH in Lutiu ,.r :;yi -.CII.TU 
 and 864 Hpecbn of plant*. Ai ii>o ,-11,1 i.-, an in,|,-\. \viih 
 reference to the Linnieau ohtHHOH and ordora. 
 
 " Auoxinioitlii|{l.v UfwfxU WOrk \ ' "/ l-if'-r '.fniYitnit h\ixhit>H. 
 
 l)ou, <:i-orr. S.vnliuii ..f lliirdKniiiK and linlmiv. 
 
 Lon., ls:tl ;tS, 4 volM. r. llo, pp. iJ'JM) ; nian.v illiislnilion's. 
 
 TblM invulualdo work, loundod on Millor'n (hinlni.-i 's hi,- 
 
 tlonary, although pub. at XI 1 S*. por npy. and Ooatln| m 
 
 paper and print nlno upuard.-. <>l (';. ran n,.\\ !> liml for 
 ill'. 'ill tliniv -.liillii,,..-i. Tlio i-\.-,'.llon,-o of Hi,' u,.rk nr.'d 
 
 not be enlarged upon, Kvory one who has ft gardi-u or 
 field should have l>on'.s DI.-I ..... uj, 
 
 l>ou, JUIUCN. Hoi-tun Oautubrlgienaia ; 13th ed. by 
 
 P. N. Don, Lou., Svo. 'I'lu.s (M|IH,.U in,-lndos tho addin.'ii-. 
 and iiuptoMMuiinlM of Ilio Connor inlitor.s, Pur.sh, Lindlo\ , 
 
 and Sinclair. 
 
 Domtltl, JnmoM. Land l>ralnage,Ao.,Lon.,1851,12mo. 
 "A moht vnlunblw MdUUlou to thi) l'onir tit^tl(<ti on (trttlulug: 
 the Author nhowHM truo pimitlw, ami M large iH4U)uvuouluu." 
 
 -. 
 
 l.iuild, Itohrrt. New System of National and 
 Practical AgrUutltnro. (hiiltord, 1822, 12mo. Written In 
 hexameter vwrae J Other pieces are included. 
 
 >trj i, .u,na,i>j, bui 
 
 . 
 
 l>ouuldM.u. Puktooth for ^. . 
 
 KlaM for AtUoisi, and fn-phuv ! Bys, I2iuo. 
 
 In verse. 
 
 l>,.,mld,ou, .luuu-s. Tilling and Manuring the 
 aumlmSvH>tuu>d,Kdin.,ltn>7,l-Jm. HuO, u.dry Anatom- 
 Ued, Uu., ItiyT, I'Jmo. U.^hlv oomuu-.uK-d \,v S^-olvh 
 agrtoulturnl writer*. 
 
 UoimhUoii, Jtuuott. Modern Agriculture Edln., 
 ma-We..'. - Mhoru<, -ioult. work*. 
 
 llo IIVMU tho U*ft|| thi*t i-omo uiuU-r UU view IUTWV juUl- 
 otauu Mini eitllx;Utt>iiH\ UIHUUOI " //* i^iN,.,,^ .j tfm -w fiiuc r 
 
 noimhlMMi, Join.. ,t. a'imtWoV 
 
 EaiuburKh. Klemeuta of Uwuity, Ao., Kdin., ITS* 
 Vol. of Poeuas, 
 
 UoimidMou, Juhu. Works on Political Economy. 
 Ae., nw y;. 
 
 DON 
 
 Donuldnon, ProfcMNor John, an eminent agricul- 
 lurint Treatie on Mauurow and ^rasHCB, Lon., 1842. Svo ; 
 
 IM5, Hvo. 
 " By fnr th best treatise on mnurt-H thiat Jm appeared." ou- 
 
 .//,' UiffrHi-r'f. Miy., April. \".Vi. 
 
 Cultivated Plant* of the Farm, 1847, 12uio. The Ene- 
 
 ini.::-. , Aj.Ti.-uM.unt, IH1H, 12/no. Land ,Sl:w;nd und Farm 
 Bailiff, 1848, Svo. Bayldon'a Art of Valum- J{. : nts and 
 Tillages ; 6th ed. rewritten and enlarged by J. Donaldson. 
 - H..wrlttn by one of th best practical aKiiculturixtH 5n the 
 c,, iinli , ' '. M "i 
 
 " 'J'ldx work Nhould be read by every one hvin an interost 
 In the uoll, whether ax landlord, tenant, or aout." Marie Lane, 
 Exprew. 
 
 IniprnviMl Farm llnil.liii^, with 72 dcKigiiH, 18.11,410. 
 Hay Land:-, and l,>,;uny Soils, |. r ,2, I2mo. Soils and Ma- 
 nures, 1862, 12rao. Agricultural Biography, 1-180- 1 KM, 
 Lon., 1864, Svo. This excellent work includcH the lists of 
 \V.-:-.lon and Li.udon, and contuiiiH -tin:!- work- not. known 
 to ^hem. Wo have frcrjuently had occasion to quote it in 
 I In-, pn-.-.-.nl, volume,, and aro pli;a.st:d to ac,knowlcdgu our 
 obligationa. 
 
 Donaldson, ll<-v. John \Vm. Latin, (Jreck, and 
 ll.-l.i.-w (ii-aiiuiiai-H, and ol.hcr educational and i:la.s.vii-al 
 worka, Lon., 1839-63. 
 
 Donaldson, Joseph. Recollections of a Soldier, 
 Kdin., 12mo. 
 " We cordially recommend tho work." Kcottish Guardian. 
 
 Donaldson, T. L. Works on Architecture, 1833-47- 
 
 Donaldson, Thomas. Serin., I, ; I, Hvo. 
 
 Donaldson, Thomas. J'OUUM, |sos, Svo. 
 
 Donaldson, Walter, a native of Alicrdcon, of tho 
 17th century. Synopsis Moralis Philosophi:<-, Idol, Svo; 
 Franc., 1622, 12mo. Synopsis Locorum ootnmuniuiu, Ac., 
 Franc., 1(512. SynopniH (Kc ini.-a, I'uris, 1020. 
 
 Donaldson, \\ in. A-riciillnro con.sidcred as a Moral 
 ii nd Political Duty, in Letters to hi Majesty, 1776, Svo. 
 
 "Tim Irlli-rs .'in- Mliolh ivtn,s|irr!i\r .-mil :n:' ninriitaliv.t, and 
 lirlnr; I'nrwiiril in> m<\\ phill uf coiilpl clirnsion, imr in.-iUr .-my suj;- 
 gestlon of liupDi-taiicu."- /><>!/, il</ ,.,//'x .\ ; ,rii-nlt. l'>i"<j. 
 
 Douiit, Mrs., and >Ils. Hudson. Cookery, I S().J, Svo. 
 
 Dour, \\'m. Stafford, D.D., Prohondary of Lincoln, 
 and Archdeacon of I'.odfnnl. St-rnis., I, on., I7> ; (V, Svo. 
 
 I >>n- \\oilli, Itichard. Serin., Lon., 1 70S, 4to. 
 
 l>oiiKiii, llajor. Military (.'ollections and Komarka, 
 N. York. 1777, Svo. 
 
 "1'ubllshixl tor tbn btmi'tlt of tlm Cbililivn .-ind Widows of tho 
 \ ili mi .. .|,|i,-i luliuni.iu! \ and wantnnly luilrlirivd, \vlirii [u^aco- 
 ably nmrchlnn to and from Concord, April 19, 1775, by the Kenels." 
 
 fntiixtut'tiun. 
 
 I'ln-. \\,T| i-i-iitniiis S,.\,T:I! jini'.-d.'trs, \,-., rolativo to tln> AV;ir 
 of linlr|M.nil,.n,-i.." A'lc/r.v /.'I/'/. .|HI,T. A'CIM. 
 
 A volnnif of great rarity. 
 
 Donn, AlM-aham, of'liidford, I71S -17-10. Mathotnr.t. 
 works pnl.. l>\ ln> brotlu-r, luMijainin Donn. 
 
 Doun, liciKiamin, of IHdford, 17L'D 17HS, brother of 
 il.,- piv.-i-diii!,'. MatlitMiiaf. Kssays, IV;S, Svo. Map of 
 Dovon and I'x.-i.-r, Lon., I 7 '.;>. fol. Othor works. 1700-74. 
 
 Donn, James. See !>ON. 
 
 Doniir, It. Tho u.so of tlivrganon. 
 
 Donne, Ili'iy. Knglish History, 1S12, ISmo. 
 
 Domic. Daniel. Sonus., 1623. 
 
 Donne, John, l,>7:> lOJU.an oiuinont divinoand poet, 
 was a native of London, and educated in tho principles of 
 the Church of Home, of which his parents woro devoted 
 adherents. Ue studied both at Oxford and Cambridge, 
 and distinguished himself greatly by his remarkable pro 
 ficiency. In his 19th year he subjected the respective 
 i-hiims of the Church of England and that of Koine to a 
 careful examination, which resulted in his embracing tho 
 communion of tho former. He pursued for some time tho 
 study of the law, but upon inheriting some 3000 from his 
 father, he determined to follow his taste, and devote him 
 self to literary pursuits. Having the good fortune to secure 
 the post of secretary to Lord Chancellor Kllestnere, lu- 
 gained the atVections of his lady's niece, a daughter of Sir 
 George Mooro, Lieutenant of the Tower, and ;v private mar 
 riage was the result. Great waa the indignation of the 
 stem father, and the young bridegroom lost his situation, 
 and was actually for a time imprisoned in the Tower. 
 
 When 42 years of ago, at the urgent solicitation of King 
 James I., bo was ordained, and soon became so famous as 
 an eloquent preacher, that he had the offer of 14 different 
 livings within the first year of his ministry. In 1621 he 
 WM appointed l>eau of St. Paul's. Ho enjoyed great repu 
 tation as a poet, being placed at the head of the Metaphy 
 sical School ; and after long neglect has received some 
 attention within the last few years; but his poetry is not 
 of M character calculated to gain extensive popularity. He 
 
DON 
 
 excelled in complimentary addresses, epigrams, satires, 
 elegies, and poems of a theological character. 
 
 Among his most remarkable productions are: Pseudo- 
 Martyr, Lon., 1610, 4to. Polydoron, 1631, 12mo. Juve 
 nilia; or Paradoxes and Problems, 1633, 4to. A Paradox 
 or Thesis on Self-homicide, 1644, 4to. Paradoxes, Pro 
 blems, Essays, and Characters, 1652, 8vo. His sermons, 
 which, perhaps, have been more generally admired than 
 his lighter works, were pub. in 3 vols. fol., 1640, '49, '60. 
 They are now very rare, especially the 3d vol. A collec 
 tive edit, of his poems, including Elegies on the author's 
 death, was pub. in 1633, 4to ; 1635, '39, '51, '69, 12mo ; with 
 some Account of the Author, 1719, 12mo. A new ed. of 
 his Works, including his Sermons, Devotions, Poems, Let 
 ters, Ac., with a now Memoir by the Rev. Henry Alford, 
 was pub. in 1839, in 6 vols. 8vo, Oxford. We presume that 
 this edition was suggested by the following query in the 
 London Quarterly: 
 
 We cannot, in passing, forbear repeating Mr. Coleridge's ques 
 tion, (Table Talk. p. 88, 2d edit.,) ' Why are not Donne's volumes of 
 sermons reprinted at Oxford ?' Surely the character of some of his 
 juvenile poems cannot be the reason! . . . Why does Oxford allow 
 one hundred and thirty sermons of the greatest preacher, at least, 
 of the seventeenth century the admired of all hearers to remain 
 all but totally unknown to tho student in divinity of the Church 
 of England, and to the literary world in general?" lix. 6, 1837. 
 
 The reader should peruse Izaak Walton's Life of Donne : 
 his description of him as a preacher is truly eloquent: 
 
 "A preacher in earnest; weeping sometimes for his auditory, 
 sometimes with them; always preaching to himself like an Angel 
 from a cloud, but in none; carrying some, as St. 1'aul was, to hea 
 ven in holy raptures; and enticing others by a Kicred art and 
 courtship to amend their lives ; here picturing a vice so as to make 
 it ugly to those" that practised it, and a virtue so as to make it be 
 loved even by those who loved it not; and all this with a most 
 particular grace and an inexpressible addition of comeliness." 
 
 Dryden calls Donne 
 
 "The greatest wit, though not the greatest poet, of our nation." 
 
 See Biog. Brit. ; Walton's Life by Zouch ; Drake's Shak- 
 gpeare and his Times ; Retrosp. Rev., viii. 31, 1823. 
 
 Donne, John, LL.D., son of the preceding. The 
 Humble Petition of Covent Garden against Dr. John Ba- 
 ber, a physician, 1662. Dr. John Donne, Jr., docs not 
 seem to have maintained the family honours : 
 
 " He was no better all his lifetime than an atheistical buffoon, 
 a banterer, and a person of over-free thoughts." WOOD. 
 
 Donne, William Bodham. 1. Essays on the 
 
 Drama, Lon., 1857, p. 8vo. 2. School History of Rome, 
 1857. 
 
 Donnegan, James, M.D. Greek-and-English Lexi 
 con, Lon., 1826, 8vo; 4th ed., 1842, 8vo; 1846. 
 
 " An important acquisition to such of our countrymen as are 
 desirous of gaining a knowledge of the Greek language." DR. 
 MALTBT, Bishop of Durham. 
 
 Donnel, J. A., M.D. Hydrophobia, 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Donoghue. Poems, 1797, '99. 
 
 Donoughmore, Earl of. See HUTCHINSON, RICH 
 ARD H. 
 
 Donovan, Edward. Works on British Natural Hist, 
 viz.: Insects, 16 vols.; Birds, 10 vols.; Shells, 5 vols.; 
 Fishes, 5 vols. ; Quadrupeds, 3 vols. ; together 39 vols. 8vo, 
 pub. at 6 6. 9rf. Nat. Hist, of the Insects of China; 
 new ed. by J. 0. Westwood, 1842, 4to, pub. at 6 6*. Nat. 
 Hist of the Insects of India, by J. 0. Westwood, 1842, 4to. 
 
 " Donovan's works on tho Insects of India and China are splen 
 didly illustrated, and extremely useful." Naturalist. 
 
 " A great number of species are here delineated for the first 
 time." SWAINSON. 
 
 Instructions for preserving Natural Subjects. Descrip 
 tive Excursions through South Wales and Monmouthshire, 
 1805, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " A work of high and various merit." Ion. Annual Kcview. 
 
 Naturalist's Repository of Exotic History, 5 vols. r. 8vo, 
 pub. at 10 10. Other works. 
 
 Mr. D. was so fortunate as to be able to add to his valuable 
 collection that of E. M. DA COSTA, 7. v. 
 
 Donovan, John. Scorbutic Diseases, Ac., 8vo. 
 
 Donovan, Michael. Treatise on Chemistry, 4th ed., 
 1845, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " The best existing compendium of chemical knowledge." Edin. 
 E. Courant. 
 
 Donovan, Patrick. Discursus, Ac. S. Patricii Iber- 
 norum Apostoli, Duaci, 1617. 12mo. 
 
 Donnelly, R. Chancery Cases, 1837, 8vo. 
 
 Doolittle, Mark, a lawyer, was born in Massachu- 
 sette in 1781, graduated at Yale College, 1804. Agricul 
 tural Address, 1826, 26 pp. 8vo. Temperance a Source of 
 National Wealth, pp. 13, 8vo. Hist, of the Congregational 
 Church of Belchertown, Mass., 282 pp. 12mo. 
 
 Doolittle, Samuel, d. 1717. Serms., Ac., 1692, '93. 
 
 Doolittle, Thomas, 1630-1707, an eminent Non- 
 
 DOR 
 
 Conformist divine, pub. a number of theolog. works, 1665 
 -98. The Complete Body of Practical Divinity, 1723, fol. 
 " I am willing this should be a flre-kindler for you and put you 
 n the way to set conscience about its work when you come to that 
 application with which your sermons are still to be enlivened." 
 COTTON MATHER. 
 
 Dopping, Dr., Bishop of Meath, Ireland. Moduste- 
 nendi Parliamentum in Hibernia, Dubl., 1692, 12mo; 1722, 
 8vo. Funl. Serm. on the Death of the Archbp. of Dublin, 
 1694, 4to. 
 
 Doran, John, LL.D., b. 1807, in London, family 
 originally of Drogheda, in Ireland. He was educated 
 chiefly by his father. His literary bent was manifested at 
 the age of 15, when he produced the melodrama of (1) the 
 " Wandering Jew," which was first played at the Surrey 
 Theatre in 1822 for Tom Blanchard's benefit. His early 
 years were spent in France. He was successively private 
 tutor in four of the noblest families in Great Britain. 2. 
 History of the Borough and Castle of Reading, Berks, 
 1832. This work obtained for him the degree of M.A., 
 and subsequently LL.D., by the University of Marbury. 
 3. Anthon's Xenophon's Anabasis, with Notes, 1846. 4. 
 Life of Dr. Young ; which is prefixed to Tegg's valuable 
 edition of that poet's works. 5. In connexion with Mrs. 
 Romer, Filia Dolorosa, 1853. Although Mrs. R.'s name 
 appears on the title-page, she had written but a few pages 
 when she was attacked by a fatal illness : the work was 
 chiefly written by Dr. Doran. 6. Table Traits and Some 
 thing on them. 7. Habits and Men. 8. Knights. and their 
 Days. 9. Queens of England of the House of Hanover. 
 10. Monarchs retired from Business. 11. History of Court 
 Fools. 
 
 " Any thing more quaint, subtle, and surprising than Dr. Doran's 
 tale of the origin of court fools is scarcely to be found in the pages 
 of the greatest and most genial humourists." Ltm. Athen. 
 
 The above works, Nos. 6-11, have passed through 
 various edits, and have been reprinted in the U.S. Edited 
 a weekly paper for nearly eleven years, and Bentley's 
 Ballads, to which he contributed some original pieces ; also 
 Last Journals of Horace Walpole, 1772-1782. Contrib. 
 largely, in prose and verse, to various periodicals. 
 
 Dorcaster, Nicholas. The Confession of the Ba 
 nished Ministers, Wyttonburge, 1554, 16mo. 
 
 Dore, James. Serms., Ac., 1786-1806. 
 
 Dorislaus, Jo. J. C. Prajlium Nuportanum, Lon., 
 1640, 4to. 
 
 Dorman. Sir Roger de Coverley, 1740, Svo. 
 
 "A wretched play." Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Dorman, Thomas, a R. Catholic writer, d. 1572-77? 
 pub. several controversial tracts, 1564, '65, '67. See Athen. 
 Oxon. 
 
 Dorman, or Dormer, Wm. 12 Serms. preached at 
 the Rolls Chapel, Lon., 1743, sm. Svo. 
 
 Dormer, John, e Soc. Jes. Usury Explained; or 
 Conscience quieted in the Case of putting out Money to 
 Interest, anon., Lon., 1696, Svo. 
 
 Dornan, Robert. Emancipation; a Poem, Lon., 
 1814, 8vo, 
 
 Dorney. Certain Speeches, 1653. 
 
 Dorney, Henry. Divine Contemplations, 1684, Svo. 
 
 Dorney, John. Siege of Gloucester, 1643, 4to. 
 
 Dornford, J. Hist, and Polit. works, 1785-90. 
 
 Dornford, Robert. Gospel Light, 1652, 12mo. 
 
 Dorr, Benjamin, D.D., b. 1796, in Massachusetts, 
 grad. at Dartmouth Coll., 1817; ordained Deacon by Bp. 
 Hobart, 1820, and Priest, 1823; Rector of the United 
 Churches of Lansingburg and Waterford, N. Y., 1820-29 ; 
 Rector of Trinity Church, Utica, N. Y., 1829-35 ; succeeded 
 Rt. Rev. Bishop White in Christ Church, Phil., 1837; reed, 
 honorary degree D.D. from Univ. of Penn., 1838; elected 
 Bishop of Maryland, 1839, but declined accepting the office. 
 Hist. Pocket Prayer Book, written by itself, 16mo. Church 
 man's Manual, 12mo. Recognition of Friends in Another 
 World, 32mo. History of Christ Church, Phila., 12mo, pp. 
 430. Sunday School Teacher's Encouragement, 32mo, pp. 
 52. Prophecies and Types, 12mo, pp. 72. Invitation to 
 the Holy Communion, 16mo, pp. 144. Travels in the 
 East, 1856, 12mo. 
 
 "Dr. Dorr's works have had an extensive circulation among 
 churchmen in the United States, and have been republished in 
 England and tho British Provinces." 
 
 Dorr, Julia C. R., b. 1825, at Charleston, South Caro 
 lina, the daughter of Mr. Wm. Y. Ripley, and wife of Mr. 
 Seneca M. Dorr, has resided since her marriage at Chatham 
 Four Corners, Columbia county, New York. She com 
 menced publication in 1848, and since then has contributed 
 many prose and poetical articles to the periodicals of the 
 day. Her writings have been much admired. 
 
 Dorrcl, Hadrian. Willobie his Avisa, or the true 
 
 613 
 
DOR 
 
 Picture of a modest Maide, and of a chast and constant 
 Wife, Lon., 1609, 4to. 
 
 Dorrell, John. See DARRELL. 
 
 Dorrington, Theop. Reformed Devotions, Lon., 
 1687, 8vo; 1701. Family Devotions, 3d ed., 1703, 4 vols. 
 8vo. Other works. 
 
 Dorset. Essay on Defensive War. Philosophic Venus. 
 Condolence; an Elegiac Poem. 
 
 Dorset, Mrs. Peacock at Home and other Poems, 1809. 
 
 Dorset and Pembroke, Anne, Countess of. 
 
 ^Dorset, Charles Sackville, Earl of, 1637-1706, 
 was a great favourite .with the wits of the day. He wrote 
 a few satires and songs, which possess considerable merit. 
 His most celebrated piece was a Song written at Sea dur 
 ing the Dutch war, 1665, the Night before an Engagement, 
 "To all you Ladies now on land," fec. 
 
 " I would instance your lordship in satire, and Shakspeare in 
 tragedy." Dryden to Dorset. 
 
 " There is a lustre in his verses like that of the sun in Claude 
 Lorraine's landscapes." PRIOR. 
 
 His poems will be found in Johnson's Collection. 
 
 "He was a man whose elegance and judgment were universally 
 confessed, and whose bounty to the learned and witty was generally 
 known." Life by Dr. Johnson. 
 
 Dorset, Charles Sackville, Duke of, 1711-1769, 
 pub. a number of prose and poetical compositions, a list 
 of which will be found in Park's Walpole's R. and N. Au 
 thors. 
 
 Dorset, Edward Sackville, Earl of, 1590-1652. 
 Speeches, 1620, '42, '43, '44. 
 
 " A person of acute parts, who had a great command of his pen, 
 and was of able elocution." WOOD. 
 
 " His wit was pleasant, sparkling, and sublime." LORD CLAREN 
 DON. 
 
 Dorset, Richard Sackville, Earl of, d. 1677, wrote 
 a poetical address to the Memory of Ben Jonson. 
 
 Dorset, Thomas Sackville, Earl of, and Lord 
 Buckhurst, 1536-1608, was not more distinguished for 
 his high official position Lord High Treasurer of England 
 than for the excellence of his poetical compositions. We 
 have already referred to his masterpiece, The Induction 
 to the Mirrour for Magistrates, (see BALDWIN, WILLIAM,) 
 and he wrote two pieces of considerable length in this cele 
 brated collection. Warton gives Sackville the merit of 
 being the primary inventor of the design, but Haslewood 
 confers it upon Baldwin. See authorities referred to in 
 article BALDWIN, WILLIAM. Sackville is the author, or 
 joint-author with Thomas Norton, of the first tragedy of 
 any consideration in the English language: Ferrer and 
 Porrex, commonly called Gorboduc, 1565, 4to. Warton 
 questions Norton's claim to any share in the authorship, 
 but the three first acts are attributed to him. Gorboduc is 
 in five acts, and in regular blank verse, though Wood tells 
 us that it is written in " old English rhyme !" so much 
 had it become neglected. Pope determined to revive it, 
 and Spence aided the design by acting as editor, and a new 
 edit, was pub. in 1736, 8vo. Warton considers the plot to 
 be " naked and uninteresting," but remarks : 
 
 " Yet it must be granted that the language of Gorboduc has grea 
 purity and perspicuity ; and that it is entirely free from that tumid 
 phraseology which does not seem to have taken place till play-writ- 
 ing had become a trade, and our poets found it their interest to 
 captivate the multitude by the false sublime, and by those exag 
 gerated imageries and pedantic metaphors which are the blemishes 
 of the scenes of Shakspeare, and which are at this day mistaken 
 for his capital beauties by too many readers. Here also we have 
 another and a strongest reason why this play was never popular.' 
 History of English Poetry. 
 
 The same eminent authority conceives the Induction to 
 the Mirrour for Magistrates to have been the model of 
 Spenser in the repres*ntation of allegorical personages, 
 and he remarks that The Complaint of Henry, Duke of 
 Buckingham, is written 
 
 " With a force and even elegance of expression, a copiousness of 
 phraseology, and an exactness of versification, not to be found in 
 any other part of the collection." 
 
 Lord Buckhurst's Poetical Works were reprinted in 1820 
 A Latin Epistle of his lordship's will be found prefixed tc 
 Bartholomew Clerke's Latin trans, of Castiglione's Courtier 
 
 " Gorboduc is full of stately speeches and well-sounding phrases 
 clyming to the height of Seneca his style, and as full of notable 
 morahtie, which it doth most delightfully teach, and so obtayne 
 the very end of poesie." Sir Philip Sidney's Defence of Ftesie. 
 
 " In his graver years, the brilliancy of his imagination grew more 
 correct, not less abundant." Hor. Walpole's R. andN. Authors,q.v 
 
 See Collins s Peerage by Brydges; Biog. Brit.; Brit 
 Bibliog. ; Athen. Oxon. ; Puttenham's Art of Poetry 
 
 Dorsey, Clement. Test Law of Maryland, Bait. 
 1838, 8vo. Statutory, Ac. Law, 1692-1839, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Dorsey, John L. Insolvency, Bait., 1832, 8vo. 
 
 Dorsey, John Syng, M.D., 1783-1818, an eminen 
 514 
 
 DOU 
 
 physician of Philadelphia. Elements of Surgery, 1813, 2 vols. 
 vo. Cooper's Surgery, with Notes. Con. to periodicals. 
 >ee Thacher's Amer. Med. Biog. 
 
 Dorsey, W. Ejectment in Maryland, with Notes and 
 References to the Present Time, by R. W. Gill, 1841. 
 
 Dorville. Pauline, 1794, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Dossie, Robert. Works on Chemistry, Surgery, 
 Ac., Lon., 1758-70. Memoirs of Agriculture, <fcc., 1768-82, 
 l vols. 8vo : commended by Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Doubleday. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1778. 
 
 Doubleday, Edward, 1810-1849. 1. Nomenclature 
 f British Birds, Lon., p. 8vo. 2. Genera of Diurnal Lepi- 
 doptera, 40 parts imp. 4to; 80 coloured plates : commended 
 by Lon. Eclec. Rev. 
 
 Doubleday, Thomas. True Law of Population, 
 ion., 8vo ; 3d ed., 1853. Financial and Monetary History, 
 688-1847, 8vo, 1847. 
 
 " A very able, painstaking, and useful exposition of the origin, 
 rogress. and evil consequences resulting from our funding sys- 
 3m." Lon. Atlas. 
 
 Other works. 
 
 Douce, Francis, 1757-1834, an antiquary of great 
 earning, " The Porson of old English and French Litera 
 te," was for some time keeper of the MSS. in the British 
 Museum. Mr. Nollekens, the sculptor, left him a large 
 egacy, which placed him in very comfortable circum 
 stances, though it does not seem to have softened his irri- 
 ,able temper. 
 
 " ' Nullius addictus jurare in verba magistri,'seemed, of all others, 
 :o be the motto by which he was guided the pivot upon which his 
 ntellectual machinery turned. This necessarily at times led him 
 nto errors, if not into scrapes. He would neither bend nor bow 
 ;o any man breathing." Dibdirfs Reminiscences. 
 
 He is introduced in the BIBLIOMANIA under the name of 
 PROSPERO, and many references to him and his valuable 
 ibrary will be found in the two works just named, and also 
 n The Bibliographical Decameron. An interesting obituary 
 notice by Wm. Weller Singer will be found in the Gent. 
 Mag. for Aag-> 1834. In addition to the two works pub. 
 under his own name, Mr. Douce contributed largely to 
 many works pub. by others, and a number of papers to the 
 Archaeologia and to the Gent. Mag. 
 
 He left a large collection of valuable MSS., which in 
 consequence of a hostile review of his Illustrations of 
 Shakspeare in the Edin. Review he ordered to be kept in 
 a sealed box in the British Museum until January 1, 1900, 
 when they are to be brought to light. 
 
 The Illustrations of Shakspeare and of Ancient Man 
 ners, with Dissertations on the Clowns and Fools of Shak 
 speare, on the collection of popular tales entitled Gesta Ro- 
 manorum, and on the English Morris Dance, was first pub. 
 in 1807, 2 vols. 8voj new ed., 1839, 8vo. The engravings 
 are by Jackson. 
 
 " This petty sort of antiquarianism probably is not the object of 
 any one who takes up the volumes of Shakspeare; and the scanty 
 elucidation which the poet now and then receives makes us but 
 poor amends for the quantity of trash which is obtruded upon us, 
 with or without the apology of a difficulty. One great evil of this 
 is the encouragement of pedantry and laborious trifling. ... Of 
 these merciless annotators, however, some are more intolerable 
 than others. . . . Mr. Douce, we suppose is as good as any of them. 
 Yet we think him, upon the whole, very feeble and very dull ; and 
 must set down his book among those which it is impossible to pe 
 ruse without feelings of compassion for the incredible labour which 
 has been expended with so little return either of instruction or 
 amusement. We shall give a few specimens both of what appears 
 trifling and foolish, and of what is curious and new, in these vo 
 lumes." Edin. Rev., 1808, xii. 469. 
 
 " I look upon this work as a sort of Hortus Shaksperianus, from 
 which fruit of every hue and flavour may be safely pluckt and 
 eaten. The research and learning bestowed upon it are immense. 
 I once attempted, during the Horse Subsecirie of a watering-place, 
 to make a catalogue of the authors consulted in it ; but my cou 
 rage or patience failed. My own copy, smartly bound antiijue-wise 
 by poor George Faulkener, was presented to a young and intelli 
 gent Frenchman, who was perfectly SHAKSPEARK-MAD, and who 
 devoured its pages with the voracity of an alderman over a Ja 
 maica turtle." DIBDIN : Library Companion. 
 
 " In the criticisms which have been passed upon Mr. Douce's Illus 
 trations of Shakspeare and Ancient Manners,it has not,I think,been 
 generally noticed that this work is distinguished for the singular 
 diffidence and urbanity of criticism, as well as depth of learning 
 which it evinces, and for the happy illustrations of the subjects 
 discussed by means of fac simile wood-cuts." Bibliomania. 
 
 Mr. Douce's Dissertation on the Dance of Death, accom 
 panied with fifty-four engravings on wood, pub. by Pick 
 ering, 1833, 8vo, should be carefully perused by all who 
 take an interest in the works of Hans Holbein, Macaber, 
 
 &c. In this vol. will be found an ample list of all the 
 Paintings of the Dance of Death. 
 
 Jackson, in speaking of the original edition, (Lyons, 
 1538,) remarks : 
 
 " So admirably are these cuts executed with so much feeling 
 and with so perfect a knowledge of the capabilities of the art that 
 
DOU 
 
 DOU 
 
 I do not think any wood engraver of the present day is capable of 
 surpassing them. The manner in which they are engraved is com 
 paratively simple; there is no display of fine work merely to show 
 the artist's talent in cutting delicate lines. Every line is expres 
 sive; and the end is always obtained by the simplest means." 
 
 " Holbein's Dance of Death is unquestionably a masterpiece." 
 PAPILLON. 
 
 Douch, John. England's Jubilee ; a Serm., 1660, 4to. 
 Doudy, Samuel. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1696. 
 Douespe, E. P. de la. Serm., 1777, 4to. 
 Dougall, John, d. 1822. Mod. Preceptor,<fcc.,1810,'13. 
 Dougall, Wm. Con. to Med. Comm., 1785. 
 Doughty. Charity Serm., 1742, 8vo. 
 Doughty, Gregory. Serm., Camb., 1724, 4to. 
 Doughty, John, 1598 ?-1672, Rector of Cheam, Surrey, 
 and Prebendary of Westminster. He pub. some serms. 
 and theolog. works, the best-known of which is Analecta 
 Sacra, Ac., Lon., 1658, 8vo, 1660, which has often been 
 reprinted on the Continent. 
 
 " Doughty endeavours to illustrate various parts of the Old and 
 New Testament by the manners and customs of the ancient Gen 
 tiles. He was well acquainted with them ; but is more successful 
 in elucidating the Old than the New Covenant Scriptures." Orme's 
 Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Doughty, John. Serms., Lon., 1744, '52, '61. 
 Doughty, Thomas. Serms., 1728, '38. 
 Douglas. Botanical papers in Trans. Hortic. Soc., <fcc. 
 Douglas, Dr. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1778. 
 Douglas, Mrs. Life of Prof. Gellert, Ac., 1803. 
 Douglas, Rev. Mr. Edwin, a Trag., 1784. 8vo. 
 Douglas, Alex. Poems. Cuper Fife, 1806, Svo. 
 Douglas, Andrew, M.D. Profes. treatises, 1785, '89. 
 Douglas, Archibald,M.D. Profes. treatises,1758,'84. 
 Douglas, Charles. The Sea, Phil. Trans., 1770. 
 Douglas, Charles A., M.D. Profes. treatises in Ed. 
 Med. Ess., 1738. 
 
 Douglas, David. De Naturae Mirabilibus Opusculum, 
 Paris, 1524, 4to. 
 
 Douglas, Lady Eleanor. The Day of Judgment's 
 Model, 1646, 4to. 
 
 Douglas, Francis. Four Letters on Celibacy and 
 Marriage, Lon., 1771, Svo, anon. East Coast of Scotland, 
 1782, 12mo. 
 
 Douglas, Hon. Fred. Sylvester North, d. 1819. 
 Resemblance between the Ancient and Mod. Greeks, 1813. 
 Douglas, Gawin, Gavin, or Gawen, 1475-M22, 
 Bishop of Dunkeld, was third son of Archibald, fifth Earl 
 of Angus. He completed his studies at the University of 
 Paris, entered the church, and in the tumultuous events of 
 the day was distinguished for his " moderation and peace- 
 ableness." As a poet, Bishop Douglas is entitled to great 
 respect. His principal original composition is The Palice 
 of Honour, which will forcibly remind the reader of Bun- 
 yan's great allegory. 
 
 "The object of The Palice of Honour is to show the instability 
 and insufficiency of worldly pomp; and to prove that a constant 
 and undeviating habit of virtue is the only way to True Honour 
 and Happiness, who reside in a magnificent palace situated on the 
 summit of a high and inaccessible mountain." 
 
 King Hart, the only other poem of much extent written 
 by Douglas, presents us with scenes of life represented 
 under appropriate metaphors. 
 
 Bishop Douglas, however, is best known by his trans, of 
 Virgil's ^Eneid into Scottish verse, executed in 1513; first 
 pub. 1553. It is remarkable as being the first version of 
 a classic (unless we call Boethius a classic) into any British 
 tongue. We quote some opinions upon this version from 
 two celebrated critics : 
 
 "This translation is executed with equal spirit and fidelity; and 
 is a proof that the lowland Scotch and English languages were now 
 nearly the same : I mean 4he style of composition ; more especially 
 in the glaring affectation of anglicizing Latin words. The several 
 books are introduced with metrical prologues, which are often 
 highly poetical; and show that Douglas's proper walk was original 
 poetry." Warton- s Hist, of Eng. Poetry. 
 
 " Without pronouncing it the best version of this poem that ever 
 was, or ever will be, executed, we may at least venture to affirm, 
 that it is the production of a bold and energetic writer, whose 
 knowledge of his original, and prompt command of a copious and 
 variegated phraseology, qualified him for the performance of so 
 arduous a task. And whether we consider the state of British 
 literature at that era, or the rapidity with which he completed the 
 work, [sixteen months,] he will be found entitled to a high degree 
 of admiration." Dr. Irving' 's Lives of the Scottish, Poets. 
 
 Mr. Hallain does not speak of Douglas's poetry with so 
 much ardour as Warton displays : 
 
 " Warton did well to explain his rather startling expression, that 
 the lowland Scotch and English languages were then nearly the 
 same; for I will venture to say, that no Englishman, without 
 guessing at every other word, could understand the long passage 
 which he proceeds to quote from Gawin Douglas. It is true that 
 the differences consisted mainly in pronunciation,and consequently 
 in orthography; but this is the great cause of diversity in dialect. 
 The character of Douglas's original poetry seems to be that of the 
 
 Middle Ages in general, prolix, though sometimes animated, de 
 scriptive of sensible objects." Introduc. to Lit. Hist. 
 
 The original edit, of the trans, of the JEneid was pub., 
 as we have stated, in 1553, Lon., 4to. New edit., with a 
 glossary by Ruddiman, Edin., 1710, sm. fol. The Palice 
 of Honour, 1553, fol.; 1579, 4to; 1827, 4to: presented to 
 the members of the Bannatyne Club, by John G. Kinnear, 
 Esq. He trans. Ovid's De Remedio Amoris, which ap 
 pears to have been the earliest of his works. King 
 Hart was pub. for the first time from an original MS. 
 by Mr. Pinkerton. Select Works, with Memoirs of the 
 Author, a Gloss., and Notes by Rev. Mr. Scott, 1787, 12mo. 
 
 Douglas, Gen. Sir Howard, Bart., D.C.L.,b. 1776, 
 at Gosport, has distinguished himself both in civil and in 
 military life. Military Bridges, 1816, Svo ; 3d ed., 1853, 
 Svo. Treatise on Naval Gunnery; 4th ed., 1855, Svo. 
 This ed. contains a chapter on the Siege of Sebastopol, 
 1855, and the operations in the Crimea generally. Obs. on 
 Carnot's System of Fortifications, Svo. Considerations on 
 the Value and Import, of the Brit. Amer. Provinces, Lon., 
 1831, Svo. Naval Evolutions, 1832, Svo : see CLERK, JOHN. 
 
 " The work of Sir Howard Douglas has not only stood its ground 
 for thirty years and more, but (harder task) has operated on the 
 Admiralty. The new edition contains an account of all the im 
 provements that have taken place in the theory and practice of 
 naval gunnery since the appearance of its predecessor." Lon. 
 Spectator. 
 
 Douglas, George, M.D. Fossil, Vegetable, and Ani 
 mal substances used in Phvsic, Lon., 1735, Svo. Anatomy, 
 Edin., 1763. 
 
 Douglas, George. Mathemat. works, 1776-1809. 
 
 Douglas, James. 1. A Prophecy. 2. Strange News 
 from Scotland, 1651, 4to. 
 
 Douglas, James, Duke of Queensberry. Speech to 
 the Parliament of Scotland, Lon., 1702, fol. 
 
 Douglas, James, M.D., 1675-1742, a physician of 
 great reputation, highly commended by Haller. Myogra- 
 phiae Comparatae Specimen, Lon., 1707, 12mo. Biblio 
 graphies Anatomicae Specimen, Svo. Lateral Operation, 
 1726, Svo; Appendix, 1731, Svo. Lilium Sarnese, 1725, 
 j fol. Other works. Many of his works were trans, into 
 i Latin and other languages. 
 
 Douglas, James. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1731. 
 
 Douglas, Rev. James. Tactics, 1781, 2 vols. Svo. 
 j Travelling Anecdotes, 1782, 2 vols. 8vo. Nenia Britannica, 
 j 1786-93, fol. Dissert, on the Urbs Rutupiae of Ptolemy, 
 1787, 4to. Other works. 
 
 Douglas, James, (Lord Mordington,) and Mar 
 tin Liaycock. Proposals for the Farm, of H. Coaches, fol. 
 
 Douglas, Jane. Genuine Memoirs of, 1761, 12mo. 
 
 Douglas, Lady Jane. Letters of, 1767, 8vo. 
 
 Douglas, James, of Clavers, a layman, is the author 
 of many valuable works, principally theological. We no 
 tice The Truths of Religion; Errors regarding Religion; 
 Popery and Infidelity; Thoughts on Prayer; On the Phi 
 losophy of Mind; The Structure of Prophecy. 
 
 " Our respect for the venerable writer, and our admiration of 
 these Lectures, are so profound, that we can no longer defer an 
 earnest recommendation of them to the reader." Lon. Eclec. Rev. 
 
 Douglas, John, Surgeon to the Westminster Infir 
 mary, brother to JAMES DOUGLAS, M.D., (q. v.,) pub. a num 
 ber of valuable profes. works, a list of which will be found 
 in Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Douglas, John. Con. to Ed. Med., 1731, '38. 
 
 Douglas, John, 1721-1807, educated at Baliol Col 
 lege, Oxford, Canon of Windsor, 1762; Dean of Windsor, 
 1786; Bishop of Carlisle, 1787; trans, to Salisbury, 1791. 
 The learned bishop was one of the most eminent literary 
 characters of his day, and his exposures of the sophistry of 
 Hume, and the forgery of Lauder, to say nothing of his keen 
 critique on Bower's marvellous, relations prove that his 
 reputation was not undeserved. Wm. Lauder astonished 
 the literary world in 1791 by publishing an essay to prove 
 that Milton was a mere plagiarist, that Paradise Lost was 
 borrowed from other quarters. To this essay Douglas pub. 
 an answer in the same year, entitled Milton no Plagiary; 
 or a Detection of the Forgeries in Lander's Essay. The 
 bishop completely established his position. See LATJDER, 
 WM. In 1756, '57, '58, Douglas pub. his four tracts against 
 Bower. He undertook to prove that the History of the 
 Popes was in fact a trans, from a Popish history ! In 1756 
 he demolished David Hume's argument against the Chris 
 tian miracles, in his Criterion or Miracles Examined. This 
 work has been several times reprinted. 
 
 "In this excellent work the sophistries of Hume are ably and 
 concisely refuted; the delusions of paganism and popery are can 
 vassed with great acuteness ; and the miracles recorded in the gos 
 pel history are vindicated by unanswerable arguments." BISHOP 
 VAN MILDERT. 
 
 Bishop Douglas pub. and edited several other works, and 
 
DOU 
 
 DOW 
 
 was the author of a number of political pamphlets and 
 fugitive papers. His Select Works, with a Memoir by the 
 Eev. W. Macdonald, were pub. in 1820, Salisbury, 4to. 
 
 Douglas, John. Letter to Henry Brougham, Esq., 
 on Law Reform in Scotland, Lon., 1830, 8vo. 
 
 Douglas, Niel. Serms., Poetry, Ac., 1791, '99. 
 
 Douglas, Robert. Generation of Heat in Animals, 
 Lon., 1747, 8vo. 
 
 Douglas, Sir Robert. Peerage of Scotland, Edin., 
 1764, foL Continued by J. P. Wood, 1813, 2 vols. fol., 
 10 10s. Baronetage of Scotland, 1798, fol. Original ed. 
 not pub. 
 
 Douglas, Robert. Variation of the Compass, Phil. 
 
 Douglas, Robert, D.D. Oaths, 1783, 8vo. General 
 View of the Agricult. of the counties of Roxburgh and 
 Selkirk, Edin., 1798, 8vo j Lon., 1802, 8vo. 
 
 "Always reckoned the best of the Scotch reports." Donaldson's 
 Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Douglas, Robert, Surgeon R.N. Adventures of a 
 Medical Student, with a Memoir of the Author, Lon., 1848, 
 3 vols. p. Svo; 1850, p. 8vo. 
 
 " This volume will be welcome in every circulating library, club, 
 and mess-room." United Service Gazette. 
 
 Douglas, Sylvester, Rt. Hon. Lord Glenber- 
 vie, M.P., 1747-1823. Speech, 1799, 8vo. Controverted 
 Elections, 1775-77, 4 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1802, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " A collection of excellent reports on the law of parliamentary 
 elections." HARGRAVE. 
 
 Reports in K. B., 4th ed.,by W. Frere, 1813, 2 vols. 8vo; 
 (1st Amer. ed., Phila., 1807, 8vo;) ditto, vols. iii. and iv., 
 by H. Roscoe, 1831, 2 vols. r. 8vo. 
 
 " Douglas's Reports are of the highest authority, and his manner 
 k preferred by many to that of Sir James Burrow." Hoffman's 
 Leg. Stu., 419. 
 
 Life of John Mercer, 1806, 8vo. Con. to Phil. Trans., 
 1768, '73. 
 
 Douglas, Thomas. Vitis Degeneris; Ancient Cere 
 monies, Lon., 1668, 12mo. 
 
 Douglas, Thomas, Earl of Selkirk. See SELKIRK. 
 Douglas, Win. De Lue Venera, 1687. 
 Douglas, Capt. Wm. Trial, Ac., 1767, 8vo. 
 Douglas, Wm. Serm., 1812, 4to. 
 Douglas, Wm., M.D., d. 1752, a native of Scotland, 
 settled in Boston, Mass., where he obtained considerable 
 professional reputation. Treatises on the Small Pox, 1722, 
 '30. An Epidemic Fever, 1736. Midwifery. Brit. Set 
 tlements in N. America. Pub. in numbers, Boston, Jan., 
 1749 ; May, 1749, forming vol. i. Vol. ii. was pub. in 1753. 
 Both vols. reprinted in London, 1755, Svo; again, 1760. 
 The death of the author left the work incomplete. 
 
 "In his history of the American colonies, he is often incorrect; 
 and it was his foible to measure the worth of men by his personal 
 friendship for them." See Whitney's Hist. Worcester; Allen's 
 Amer. Biog. Diet. 
 
 " The honest and downright Dr. Douglas." ADAM SMITH. 
 Douland, or Dowland, John, d. 1615 ? an English 
 musician, pub. several musical treatises, among which was 
 a trans, of Ornithaphareus's Micrologus, or Art of Singing, 
 Lon., 1609, fol. 
 
 " This treatise, though the best of the time, seems too meagre 
 and succinct to have been of great use to the students of such 
 music as was then practised." Burney's Hist, of Music, q. v.; and 
 also Hawkins's Hist, of Music. 
 
 " We are assured that John Douland was the rarest musician 
 that his age did behold." WOOD. 
 
 Douland, or Dowland, Robert, contributed to 
 John Douland's Lute Playing, 1610, fol., and pub. a Musi- 
 call Banqvet, 1610, fol. 
 
 Douley, George. Theolog. Dialogues, 1616, 8vo. 
 Doulevy, Andrew. Catechism, Paris, 1642. 
 Dounaeus. See DOWNES, ANDREW. 
 Dounamus, Georgius. See DOWNAME. 
 Douthwaite, T. The Itnpartialist ; in Poems, 1775. 
 Doutre, Joseph, b. 1825, near Montreal, Canada. At 
 eighteen years of age he wrote a French historical novel, 
 entitled Les Fiance's de 1812. He has been the first lau 
 reate of the Canadian Institute. 
 
 Dovaston, J. Fitz-Guardine; a Ballad, 1812. 
 Dove. Almanack for 1662, Camb., 8vo. 
 Dove, Henry, D.D., d. 1694, '95. Serms., 1680-86. 
 Dove, James. Religious Experience, 1804, 8vo. 
 Dove, John, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1597, 16mo. Ch. 
 Government, 1606, 4to. Comment, on Canticles, 1613, fol. 
 Atheism, 1640, 8vo. 
 
 Dove, John, d. 1772, who went by the name of the 
 "Hebrew Taylor," from his learning and trade, pub. 
 number of tbeolog. treatises, among which are The Im 
 portance of Rabbinical Learning, Lon., 1746, 8vo, and 
 Plain Truth, or Quakerism Unmasked, 1756, 8vo. 
 516 
 
 Dove, John. Strictures on Agriculture. 
 " The author does not state any practical knowledge, and is lit 
 tle noticed." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Shoal of Pumice Stones on the Sea, Phil. Trans., 1728. 
 Dove, Richard. Serm., 1761, 8vo. 
 Dove, Wm. Con. to Med. Comm., 1793. 
 Dover, Lord. See ELLIS, GEORGE J. W. A. 
 Dover, John. The Roman Generals, 1667, 4to. 
 Dover, Robert. Annalia Dvbrensia; see Bliss's 
 Wood's Athen. Oxon., iv. 222, 223, and Bib.Anglo-Poet.,891 . 
 Dover, Thomas. See DOVER, JOHN. 
 Dover, Thomas. Medical treatises, 1732, '33. 
 Dover, Wm. His Case, Lon., 1741, 8vo. 
 Dow, Lieut. Col. Alexander, a native of Perth 
 shire, d. 1779. Hist, of Hindostan, from the Persian of 
 Ferishta, Lon., 1767, '68, 2 vols. 4to ; a continuation being 
 vol. iii., 1772, 4to; 1803, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Ferishta was employed for twenty years in the composition of 
 his history." TORNER. 
 
 Dow is charged with borrowing freely from Bernier's 
 Travels. Tales from the Persian of Inatulla, 1768, 2 vols. 
 12mo. Zingis, a Tragedy, 1769, 8vo. Sethona, a Trag., 
 1774, 8vo. 
 
 Dow, or Dowe, Bartholomew. A Dairie Booke 
 'or all good Huswives, Lon., 1 588, 8vo. Also printed with 
 The Householder's Philosophic, Ac. 
 Dow, Christopher. Theolog. treatises, 1636, '37. 
 Dow, John. Trial of A. McKinlay, 1818. 
 Dow, Lorenzo, 1777-1834, of Coventry, Connecticut, 
 a travelling preacher of great zeal and equal eccentricity. 
 Experience and Travels in Europe and America, and Po- 
 emical Writings, Cincin. Works, ed. by Dr. Dowling, N. 
 York, 8vo. 
 
 Dow, P. Reports C. in H. of Lords, Lon., 1814-19, 
 6 vols. r. Svo; do., 1827-32, 2 vols. r. 8vo j 1830-32 by P. 
 D. and C. Clark. 
 
 Dowall, James. 1. Vindication. 2. Appeal, 1681, Ac. 
 Dowcett, Abraham. Declaration agst. Ralph, 1648. 
 Dowdall, W. Revenue of Ireland, Lon., 1720-29. 
 Dowding, W. C. Theolog. Lectures, Lon., 1842, 12mo. 
 Dowdeswell, George M. Law of Life and Fire 
 Insurances, Lon., 1846, 12mo. 
 
 " This is a text-book of the right sort. Instead of a crude string 
 of marginal notes, not very honestly culled from the digest, and 
 very clumsily coupled with links by the author, Mr. Dowdeswell 
 has written a treatise on the subject he professes to explain." 
 4 Law Mag., N. S., 354. 
 
 4th ed. of Smith's Comp. of Mercantile Law, 1848, r. Svo. 
 6th ed. of Bayly on Bills of Exchange, 1849, 8vo. G. M. 
 D. and J. G. Malcom ; 4th ed. of Starkie on the Law of 
 Evidence, 1853, r. Svo. Amer. ed., Phila. 1853. 
 
 The fourth edition of Starkie is to the existing law what the 
 first edition was to the law in 1824." Jurist, Dec. 1852. 
 
 Dowel, John. The Leviathan Heretical ; or a Dis 
 course against Hobbes, Oxf., 1683, 12mo. 
 Dowglass, Robert. Serm., Ac., 1651, '60. 
 Dowle, John. Serm.. Lon., 1630, Svo. 
 Dowley, Peter. Letter to Dr. Wells, Oxon., 1708. 
 Dowling, A. S. Statutes, Lon., 1830-32, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 Reports of Cases, 1833-42, 9 vols. Svo ; A. S. D. and V. ; 
 Continuation, 1842, '43, 2 vols. Svo ; A. S. D. and J. J. 
 Lowndes ; Continuation, 1844, '45, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Dowling, Daniel. Book-keeping, 1766. Key to the 
 latest ed. of Button's Mathemat., 1813, 3 vols. Svo. 
 Dowling, E. A. Hebrew tongue, Lon., 1797, 8vo. 
 Dowling, J. Common Law Practice, Lon., 1834, 12mo. 
 J. D. and Ryland A. Reports K. K., 1822-31, 9 vols. Svo ; 
 do. rel. to Magistrates, 1823-31, 4 vols. Svo. 
 
 Dowling, John, D.D., b. May 12, 1807, in Sussex, 
 England, settled in the United States in 1832. Since 1838 
 he has been highly successful as a writer and preacher. 
 He is the author of many works, the following being the 
 principal : 1. A Vindication of the Baptists from the charge 
 of Bigotry, Svo. 2. An Exposition of the prophecies sup 
 posed by William Miller to predict the second coming of 
 Christ, 1840, 18mo. 3. A Defence of the Protestant Scrip 
 tures from the attacks of Popish Apologists, Ac., 1843. 
 
 4. History of Romanism from the earliest corruptions of 
 Christianity to the present time, Svo, 734 pp., N. Y., 1845. 
 In less than ten years 25,000 of this large work were sold. 
 
 5. Judson Offering, ISino. 6. Power of Illustration, Jkc., 
 ISmo. Edited the Conference Hymn Book, Baptist Noel's 
 work on Baptism, with an Introductory Essay. Works of 
 Lorenzo Dow. Conyers Middleton on the Conformity of 
 Popery and Paganism. Memoir of the Missionary Jac<-b 
 Thomas. Translated from the French the Rev. Dr. Cote.s's 
 Un mot en passant a ceux qui ont abandonne l'6glise Ito- 
 inaine. 
 
DOW 
 
 "If the reader wishes to be acquainted with the errors of Ro- | 
 manism. he has only to open the pages of Dowling's History. I 
 the reader is anxious to read an epitome of the history of the Popes, j 
 their ambition, their intrigues, their avariciousness, their tyranny, 
 their superstitions, and their mummeries, he can here find all 
 proved and authenticated by the most accredited authors of the 
 Church of Rome." L. GIUSTIMANI. 
 
 Dowling, John G. Introduc. to the Critical Study 
 of Eccles. Hist., Lon., 1838, 8vo. 
 
 " A useful work, with partialities." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Notitia Scriptoruin post annum 1700, 8vo, 1839. Serms., 
 1841, 8vo. 
 
 Dowling, Wm. Quadrupeds and Birds, 1849. 
 
 Dowman, George, M.D. Scirrhus, 1748, 8vo. 
 
 Downame, or Downham, George, D.D., d. 1634, 
 educated at Cambridge, and Fellow of Christ Church, 1585 ; 
 Bishop of Derry, 1616. A Treatise proving that the Pope 
 is Antichrist, 1603, 4to. Lectures on Ps. xv., 1604, 4to. 
 " Wherein the question of usurie is fully and plainly de 
 cided." Abstract of Duties, Ac., 1620, 8vo; 1635. Justi 
 fication, 1623, fol. 
 
 " A full reply to the cavils of the Romanists." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Christian's Freedom, 1635, 8vo; new ed., 1836, 8vo. 
 Prayer, 1640, 4to. Other works. 
 
 " A learned and godly bishop." Leigh's Treatise of Religion and 
 Learning. 
 
 Downame, John, d. 1644, brother of the preceding, 
 and also a divine. Spiritual Physick, 1600, 8vo. Lect. 
 upon the first four chap, of Hosea, 1608, 4to. The Chris 
 tian Warfare, in 4 parts, 1609-18, 4to; together, 1634, fol. 
 
 " One of the best pieces of practical divinity extant." UERVKY. 
 
 Godliness, 1622, fol. Concordance or Table of the Bible, 
 1639, fol. Sacred Divinitie, 4to. The Sacrament, 1645. 
 
 Downe, B. Modern Geography, 1804. 
 
 Downe, Darby. Health; a Poem, 1724, 8vo. 
 
 Downe, John, an eminent divine, nephew to Bishop 
 Jewel, and highly commended by Bishop Hall. Serms. 
 and Tracts agst. Transubstantiation, Oxf., 1633, 4to. Jus 
 tifying Faith, 1635, fol. 
 
 Downes. A Popish King; a Serin., 1745, 8vo. 
 
 Downes, Andrew, 1550P-1627, Greek Prof, at Cam 
 bridge, 1586. Praelectiones in Lysiam, Cantab., 1593, 8vo. 
 Praelectiones in Demosthenis Philippicam vi. de Pace, Lon., 
 1621, 8vo. He was one of the trans, of the Bible, and 
 some notes of his on Chrysostom will be found in Sir Henry 
 Savile's edition of that author. 
 
 Downes, George. Three Months in the North, Lon., 
 12mo. Letters from the Continent, 2 vols. p. 8vo; from 
 Mecklenberg and Holstein, 1820, 8vo. 
 
 " Not so full and various as might have been expected : on man 
 ners and German literature it is most instructive." Stevenson's 
 Vbynges and Trarels. 
 
 Downes, Henry, D.D., Bishop of Killala, 1716; trans, 
 to Elphin, 1720; to Meath, 1724; to Derry, 1726. Serms., 
 1697-1725. 
 
 Downes, Henry. Serms., 1784, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Downes, John. Hypochondriaca, 1660, 4to. 
 
 Downes, John. Roscius Anglicanus; or, An His 
 torical Review of the Stage, Lon., 1708, 8vo. 
 
 "But for this work we should have known little or nothing of 
 some celebrated actors." GRANGER. 
 
 Downes, John. Serms., 1741-61. 
 
 Downes, John, b. 1799, in Brooklyn, distinguished 
 mathematician ; assisted in preparing the American 
 Nautical Almanac since its first publication ; author of 
 Logarithms and Logarithmic Sines and Tangents, with 
 other Tables, 1858, 4to. 
 
 Downes, Jos. Speech of J. Foster, 1799, 8vo. 
 
 Downes, Robert, Bishop of Leiehlin and Ferns 
 Serm., 1750, 4to. 
 
 Downes, Samuel. Lives of the Compilers of the 
 Liturgy, and an historical account of its several reviewers. 
 Bishop Sparrow's Rationale, ed. 1722. 
 
 Downes, Theop. On Allegiance, 1691, 4to, Ac. 
 
 Downes, Thomas. A copious Index to Pennant's 
 account of London, imp. fol. 
 
 Downey, Thomas. Naval Poems, 1813, 4to. 
 
 Downham. See DOWNAME. 
 
 Downham, G. Rex Meus est Deus, 1643. 
 
 Downie, Murtlo. Marine Survey East Coast of 
 Scotland, Lon., 1792, 4to. The Atmosphere, Aberdeen, 
 1800, 8vo. 
 
 Downing, Andrew Jackson, 1815-1852, a native 
 of Newburgh, N. York, perished in the conflagration of the 
 steamboat Henry Clay, on the Hudson River, July 28, 1852. 
 Fruits and Fruit Trees of America, N. York, 14th ed., 1852, 
 8vo. Sale in America to 1853, 15,000 copies. 
 
 " Downing's Fruit and Fruit Trees of America deserves to be 
 more generally known in Europe." Triibner's Bibl. Guide to Amer. 
 LU., Lon., 1855, 12mo. 
 
 DOY 
 
 Landscape Gardening and Rural Architecture, N. York, 
 8vo. Sale in America to 1853, 9000 copies. 
 
 "By these admirable works Mr. Downing has done much to im 
 prove the taste of our rural inhabitants, and at the same time to 
 promote the best and most judicious selection and culture of Fruit 
 Trees." CHANCELLOR KING. 
 
 " Mr. Downing has here produced a very delightful work, [Land 
 scape Gardening,] and has convinced us that sound criticism and 
 refined judgment in matters of taste are not confined to this side 
 of the Atlantic." Lon. Art Union Journal. 
 " A masterly work." LOUDON. 
 "The standard work on this subject." Silliman's Journal. 
 
 The treatise upon Landscape Gardening is a most com 
 prehensive work upon the subject; treating of History and 
 General Principles, Ancient, Modern, Natural Styles, In 
 fluence of Poets, <fec. Examples Abroad and in America, 
 Beauties, Capacities, Picturesque Simple Beauty, Wood 
 and Plantations, Grouping, Classification, leading Cha 
 racteristics. Trees, History and Descriptions of finest 
 deciduous Evergreens, Vines, and Climbing Plants. For 
 mation of Walks, Roads, Fences, Hedges, Landscape or 
 Rural Architecture, Characteristic Features of Country 
 Houses, Roman, Italian, Swiss, Tudor, Old English, Eliza 
 bethan, Lodges, Embellishments, Rustic, Floral, Seats, 
 Bridges, Rockwork, Dials, Vases, Fountains, Decora 
 tions, <fec. 
 
 Cottage Residences, N. York, 8vo. Sale in America to 
 1853, 6250 copies. Architecture of Country Houses, N. Y., 
 8vo. Sale in America to 1853, 3500 copies. 
 
 Rural Essays, by the late A. J. Downing,with a Memoir of 
 the Author, edited by George Wm. Curtis, and a letter to 
 his friends by Frederika Bremer, N. York, 1854, 8vo. This 
 volume contains, with one or two exceptions, all of Mr. 
 Downing's editorial papers in The Horticulturist. Mr. 
 Downing also edited Loudon's Gardening for Ladies, N. 
 York, 12mo, and Wightwick's Hints to Young Architects, 
 N. York, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Downing has practical knowledge and true taste, and evi 
 dently loves his pursuits. These qualities give freshness, charm, 
 and value to whatever he writes on his favourite topic." Amer. 
 Quarterly Review. 
 
 Downing, Bladen. Serm., Lon., 1814. 
 
 Downing, C. T. Fanqui, or Foreigner in China in 
 1836' '37, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 1838, '40. 
 
 " An account of the habits, manners, manufactures, and laws 
 of China." Lon. Atlas. 
 
 Downing, Calybute, 1606-1644, a Puritan divine. 
 State Ecclesiastical, Oxf., 1632, 4to. Considerations, Lon., 
 1641, fol. Serm., 1641, 4to. Discourse, 1641, 4to. Dis 
 covery, 1641, 4to. Diametrical opposition between Pres 
 bytery and Prelacy, 1644, 4to. 
 
 Downing, Clement. Indian Wars, Lon., 1737, 12mo. 
 
 Downing, George. Serm., Lon., 1760, 8vo. 
 
 Downing,George. Newmarket; aCom.,1763,12mo. 
 The Parthian Exile; a Trag., 1774, 8vo. The Volunteers. 
 1780, 8vo. 
 
 Downing, John. Case of, Lon., 1796, 8vo. 
 
 Downing, Joseph. Disorders of H. Cattle, 1797. 
 
 Downinge, Sir George. Political tracts, 1664-72. 
 
 Downman, Rev. Hugh, M.D., 1740-1809, born near 
 Exeter, educated at Balliol College. Infancy, a Poem in 
 6 Books: 1,1774; 2,1775; 3,1775; al!4to; whole 6, 1788, 
 Edin., 12mo. It went through 7 edits, during his lifetime. 
 Land of the Muses and other Poems, 1768, 4to. Editha; 
 a Com., Lon., 1785, 8vo. L. J. Brutus; a Trag., 1779. 
 Poems, 1790 ; do. to Thespia, 1805, 8vo. Tragedies, 1792, 
 8vo. He trans. The Death Song, Ac. from Wormius, and 
 four tragedies from Voltaire. 
 
 Downiche, Anne. The Frenche Historie, in verse, 
 Lon., 1589, 4to. A rare book. Bibl. Anglo-Poet, 225. 
 25 ; resold at Saunders's, 1818, 13 2. 6d. 
 
 Dowsing, Wm. Parliamentary Visitor for demolish 
 ing the Superstitions and Ornaments of Churches, &c. 
 within the county of Suffolk in the years 1643 and 1644; 
 his Journal, 1786, 4to. Here's a curious book, indeed! 
 The iconoclast must have some strange tales to tell. 
 
 Dowson, James. De Numerorum Figuratorum Re- 
 solutione, Lon., 1614, 8vo. 
 
 Doyle, Major, is said to be the author of A New Mili 
 tary Journal, Lon., 1803, 4to. Instructions, 1804. Mili 
 tary Catechism, 8vo. 
 
 Doyle, James, d. 1834, R. Catholic Bishop of Kildare 
 and Leighlin. Letter to Archbishop Magee. Letter to 
 Daniel O'Connell on Poor Laws for Ireland. Bishop Doyle 
 | pub. many pamphlets, letters, <fcc. on theological and po 
 litical subjects. 
 
 Doyle, Martin. Cyclopaedia of Practical Husbandry 
 and Rural Affairs, Dubl., 1829, p. 8vo. New ed., enlarged, 
 1851, 8vo. 
 
 " A plain and very sensible matter-of-fact exposition of current 
 
DOT 
 
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 and known intelligence in a very acceptable and useful manner." 
 Donaldson's AgricuU. Biog. 
 
 Practical Gardening, 1838, 12mo. Flower Garden, 4th 
 ed., 1845, 12mo. Labouring Classes in Ireland, 1846, 12mo. 
 Catechisms of Gardening and Cottage Farming, 1851, 18mo. 
 Works, 2 yols. 12mo. 
 
 Doyle, Wm. Some Account of the British Dominions 
 beyond the Atlantic, Lon., 1770, 8vo. 
 
 " The author proposes a new scheme of geography, calling South 
 America, Atlantis ; North America, Sebastia ; and classes the Ame 
 rican colonies under the names of Neanglia, Jacobea, and Mesia, 
 or Midensia."Lon. Monthly Review, xlii. 413; 1770, q. v. 
 
 The collector of works on America should procure this 
 curious volume. 
 
 D'Oyley, Catherine. The History of the Life and 
 Death of our Blessed Saviour, Southamp., 1794, 8vo. 
 
 D'Oyley, Charles. The European in India, 1813, 
 4to. The Illustrations are by D'Oyley, but the Preface 
 and History are by T. W. Blagdon and Capt. T. Williamson. 
 D'Oyly, George, D.D., 1778-1846, educated at, and 
 Fellow of, Bene't College, Cambridge, Rector of Buxted, 
 1815 ; of Lambeth and Sundridge, Kent, 1820. Letters to 
 Sir Wm. Drummond rel. to his (Edipus Judaicus, 1812, '13, 
 8vo. Two Discourses, 1811, 8vo. Life of Archbp. San- 
 croft, 1821, 2 vols. Serms., chiefly Doctrinal, 1827, 8vo. 
 Occasional serms. and pamphlets. Serms., with a Memoir 
 by his son, 1847, 2 vols. 8vo. Dr. D'Oyly was a contri 
 butor to the London Quarterly Review. In 1813, in con 
 junction with the Rev. Richard (now Bishop) Mant, he 
 commenced the preparation of an annotated Bible, to be 
 pub. by the Society for promoting Christian Knowledge. 
 The 1st number appeared Jan. 1, 1814; complete, Oxf. 
 and Lon., 1814, 3 vols. 4to. It has been frequently re 
 printed at Cambridge and Oxford alternately, and the sale 
 has probably not fallen short of 40,000 copies. New edit., 
 Lon., 1848. Vol. i., Old Test, and Apoc. Vol. ii., N. Test, 
 r. 8vo. Pub. also with the sacred text in 3 vols. r. 8vo, 
 1850. 
 
 " Of the labour attending this publication some idea may be 
 formed, when it is stated that the works of upwards of one hun 
 dred and sixty authors have been consulted for it, amounting to 
 several hundred volumes. On the fundamental articles of Chris 
 tian verity, the Deity and atonement of Jesus Christ, and the 
 personality and offices of the Holy Spirit, this work may be pro 
 nounced to be a library of divinity." T. H. Home's Bibl. Bib. See 
 the comments in Bickersteth's Christian Student. 
 
 The purchaser should also procure the Rev. Dr. Wilson's 
 Index to this commentary. It is more complete than the 
 one annexed to the work. The Rev. Mr. Bellamy's Con 
 cordance also should accompany it. The Rt. Rev. Bishop 
 Hobart of New York pub. an edit, of this Bible, with ad 
 ditional notes, New York, 1818-20, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 " He has greatly enhanced the value of this work by numerous 
 additional notes, selected from the writings of upwards of thirty 
 of the most eminent divines, (not noticed by Drs. Mant and D'Oyly,) 
 whose names are a sufficient pledge for the orthodoxy of the anno 
 tations taken from their writings. . . . Many other notes are like 
 wise selected from several of the authors cited by Bp. Mant and 
 Dr. D'Oyly. Bp. Hobart's additional notes are twofold: 1. Critical 
 and Explanatory ; and 2. Practical. The latter are most numerous, 
 and are greatly calculated to increase the value of this commentr 
 ary." T. H. HORNE, ubi supra. 
 
 See a biographical notice of Dr. D'Oyly in Lon. Gent. 
 Mag., March, 1846, and Memoir by his son, prefixed to his 
 Serms. pub. in 1847. 
 
 D'Oyly, Robert. Four theolog. Dissertations, 1728. 
 " This is a book which contains some original and curious dis 
 quisitions, but not always in" accordance with received opinions. 
 The discussions are conducted in a manner somewhat similar to 
 those of Delany." ORME : Bibl. Bib. 
 
 The Dissertations are recommended by Dr. A. Clarke. 
 Doylye, Dr. Antiquity of Arms. See Hearne's Col 
 lection, p. 175, 1771. Etymology, Dignity, and Antiquity 
 of Dukes, Ib., p. 183. 
 
 I) rage, Wm. Medical treatises, Lon., 1665-68. 
 Drage, or Dragge, Wm., Clerk of the California. 
 Voyage of the California for the discovery of a Northwest 
 passage, Ac., Lon., 1748, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " A pedantic, disputatious, dogmatical performance." Barrow's 
 Arctic Voyages, p. 287, 1818. 
 
 The Great Probability of a N. West Passage, 1768, 4to. 
 Drakard, John. Life of Col. Wardle, 1810. 
 Drake. Introduction to English, 1688, 8vo. 
 Drake. The Innocent Vindicated, 1718, 8vo. 
 Drake, Mrs. Defence of the Female Sex, 1696 
 Drake, Benjamin, 1794-1841, "a native of Mason 
 county, Kentucky, a resident of Cincinnati, Ohio, a most 
 amiable and excellent man, a lawyer by profession, for 
 many years edited a literary aud family newspaper, pub 
 lished weekly at Cincinnati, and largely circulated in Ohio. 
 It was a paper of high moral tone and literary merit, con 
 ducted with ability and good taste filled with cheerful, 
 518 
 
 attractive contributions, well-wrought fictions, and sound 
 criticism. 
 
 His published writings, other than the above, were, with 
 their dates : 
 
 1827. Cincinnati in 1826. By B. Drake and E. D. Mans 
 field, pp. 100, 12mo. 
 
 1830. The Western Agriculturist and Practical Farmer's 
 Guide; a compilation. 
 
 1838. The Life and Adventures of Black Hawk, with 
 Sketches of Keokuk, the Sac and Fox Indians, and 
 the late Black Hawk War, pp. 228, 12mo. Tales and 
 Sketches from the Queen City, pp. 180, 12mo. This is a 
 volume of cheerfully and tastefully written fictions and 
 sketches of life and manners in the West. It is creditable 
 to the writer's talents, and commendable for its purity of 
 thought and sentiment. 
 
 1840. Life of General William Henry Harrison ; a small 
 vol. of perhaps 250 pages, prepared by B. Drake, jointly 
 with Col. Charles S. Todd of Frankfort, Kentucky. 
 
 1841. Life of Tecumseh, and his brother the Prophet, 
 with a Historical Sketch of the Shawanee Indians, pp. 235, 
 12mo. This is the most elaborate of Mr. Drake's works, 
 and is a carefully-prepared memoir from facts, the most of 
 which were collected by himself in the country where Te 
 cumseh had lived and acted, and from a great number of 
 respectable persons who had known that chief." 
 
 For the above notice we are indebted to a well-known 
 and highly-respected man of letters, Judge James Hall, 
 of Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 Drake, Charles D., son of Dr. Daniel Drake. Trea 
 tise on the Law of Suits by Attachment in the U. States, 
 Boston, 1854, 8vo ; 2d ed., 1858, 8vo. 
 
 " The members of the profession owe much to Mr. Drake for his 
 successful labours in producing this valuable treatise upon a branch 
 of the law hitherto untouched by any writer." 
 
 Drake, Daniel, M.D., 1785-1852, a native of Plain- 
 field, New Jersey, a resident of Cincinnati, Ohio, was a 
 brother of Benjamin Drake. "When he was quite young, 
 his parents removed to Mason county, Kentucky, where he 
 received such an education as the common county schools 
 afforded. When grown he went to Cincinnati, then a vil 
 lage, where he studied medicine; attended two courses of 
 lectures at the Medical School of the University of Penna., 
 at Philadelphia, where he graduated; became a very dis 
 tinguished practitioner and teacher of medicine; was a 
 professor in the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati; Cincin 
 nati Medical College, do. ; Transylvania Medical College, 
 Lexington, Ky. ; Louisville Medical College, Louisville, 
 Ky. ; Jefferson Medical College, Philada. all distinguished 
 schools ; where he was associated with the most eminent 
 men of the profession, and held equal rank with the fore 
 most. He was a teacher of medicine nearly all his pro 
 fessional life; an able, instructive, and popular lecturer. 
 He was an original thinker, with an active, vigorous mind, 
 an ardent temperament, unwearied industry, and a perse 
 verance and energy of purpose wholly indomitable, and 
 capable of extraordinary achievement. A philanthropist 
 in the largest sense, he devoted himself freely and habit 
 ually to works of benevolence and measures for the ame 
 lioration of distress, the extension of religion and intelli 
 gence, the good of his fellow-creatures, the honour and 
 prosperity of his country. His habits were simple, tem 
 perate, abstemious; his labours incessant. 
 
 List of his books, with the dates of publication : 
 
 1810. Notices concerning Cincinnati, pp. 64, 12mo. 
 
 1815. Picture of Cincinnati, pp. 250, 12mo. 
 
 1832. Practical Essays on Medical Education, and the 
 Medical Profession in the United States, pp. 104, 12me. 
 A Practical Treatise on the History, Prevention, and Treat 
 ment of Epidemic Cholera, designed for both the Profession 
 and the People, pp. 180, 12mo. 
 
 1850. A Systematic Treatise, historical, etiological, and 
 practical, on the principal diseases of the Interior Valley 
 of North America, as they appear in the Caucasian, Afri 
 can, Indian, and Esquimaux varieties of its population, 
 pp. 878, 8vo. Cincinnati : published by W. B. Smith. 
 
 1854. The second volume of the same, posthumously 
 published, Phila., Lippincott, Grambo & Co., pp. 985, 8vo. 
 This is probably the most important and valuable work 
 ever written in the United States. The subject is large. 
 The work could not be compiled. The subject was new, 
 and the materials were to be collected from original sources, 
 from observation, personal inspection, oral evidence, <fec. 
 It occupied many years ; and was, probably, in contempla 
 tion during the whole or the most part of Dr. Drake's long 
 professional life. For many years he spent the vacations 
 between the winter courses of lectures in travelling over 
 
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 this great valley, taking a district at a time, exploring each 
 district thoroughly, noting distinctly and minutely its phy 
 sical character, peculiarities, climate, soil, mountains, hy 
 drography, productions, every thing which could affect 
 health or longevity. He visited physicians and intelligent 
 men, and collected facts and opinions and established cor 
 respondences. In this great work, he describes the whole 
 interior of our country, from Canada to Texas, by dis 
 tricts, most elaborately, giving by far the best, most detailed, 
 most reliable, topographical and physical description ex 
 tant. Then he gives the prevailing diseases of each local 
 ity, with the local remedies and practice classifying and 
 defining the effects of locality, soil, climate, food, &c. ; the 
 diseases of the North and South, of the sea-coast, the inte 
 rior, and the lake of mountain and valley, <fcc. 
 
 He edited for many years, very assiduously and ably, a 
 Western Journal of Medical Science, published periodically 
 at Cincinnati." 
 
 For the above notice we are indebted to Judge James 
 Hall of Cincinnati, Ohio. See DRAKE, BENJAMIN. 
 
 An excellent memoir of Dr. Drake, by his friend Edward 
 D. Mansfield, LL.D., has been issued by Applegate & Co., 
 Cincinnati, 1855, 12mo, pp. 408. 
 
 Drake, Edw. Cavendish. A Collection of authentic 
 Voyages and Travels from the best writers, Lon., 1770, fol. 
 
 Drake, Sir Francis, 1546-1596. A list of works, 
 giving an account of the voyages of this eminent navigator, 
 will be found in Lowndes's Bibl. Manual. Some of these 
 were compiled from his own notes, or we should have been 
 unable to introduce his name, even thus briefly. 
 
 Drake, Francis, d. 1770, a surgeon and antiquary of 
 York, England. Eboracum, or The History and Antiquity 
 of the City of York, the Cathedral Church, and Lives of the 
 Archbps. of that See, from its original to the present time, 
 Lon., 1736, fol. 
 
 "Drake is among the most toiling of topographers; but his his 
 tory of the City merits the gratitude of the townsmen. It is a 
 folio, teeming with text, and full of copper-plate embellishments." 
 Dibdin's Northern Tour. 
 
 A magnificent copy, extensively illustrated, and expanded 
 to six vols. folio, was sold at Mr. Fauntleroy's sale for 
 136 10s. It was purchased by Mr. Kurd ; subsequently 
 it fell into the hands of Mr. Henry G. Bohn always on 
 the lookout for book treasures and he offered it at the 
 comparatively low price of 80. Drake and Mr. Cresar 
 Ward are said to have been the sole authors of The Parlia 
 mentary or Constitutional History of England, 1751, 24 
 vols. 8vo. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1748. 
 
 Drake, James, M.D., 1667-1707, an eminent political 
 writer, physician, and anatomist, His principal works are : 
 Hist, of the Last Parliament, Lon., 1702, 8vo. Historia 
 Anglo-Scotia, 1703, 8vo. These two works gave great 
 offence, (the latter to the Scots,) and were burnt by the 
 hands of the common hangman. Memorial of the Ch. of 
 England, written in conjunction with Mr. Polly, 1704, 8vo. 
 This offended the Queen and Parliament, and great efforts 
 were made to discover the author. In 1706 he was prose 
 cuted for pub. Mercurius Politicus, a newspaper offensive 
 to the government. The Sham Lawyer, a Comedy. An- 
 thropologia Nova; or A New System of Anatomy, 1707 
 2 vols. 8vo; posth., pub. by Dr. Wagstaffe, 2d ed., 1717. 
 Appendix, 1728. This is a work of merit. 
 
 " If Dr Lower has been so mueh and so deservedly esteemed for 
 his solution of the systole of the heart, Dr. Drake, by accounting 
 for the diastole, ought certainly to be allowed his share of reputa 
 tion and to be admitted as a partner of his glory .-D R . WAGSTAFF* 
 
 Drake, James. Medical Orations, 1742, 4to. 
 
 Drake, Joan. Mrs. Drake revived, 1647, 12mo 
 
 Drake, Joseph Rodman, 1795-1820, a native of 
 New York, began to contribute poetical compositions to the 
 periodicals at a very early age. The first four of the 
 
 ITS 6 * ^n 6 ? 8 ' (pub ' in the N " York E g Post, March 
 10-20, 1819,) were written by him ; after the fourth num 
 ber, Fitz-Greene Halleck was admitted -as a partner, and 
 the literary firm was henceforth Croaker <fc Co. The lively 
 satire of these sallies gave them a great reputation at the 
 time of their publication. Drake's longest poem is The 
 Culprit Fay; his best-known composition, The American 
 Flag. Their poetical merit is unquestionably of a high 
 order. In 1836 a collection of Drake's poetical pieces was 
 P"^ 7 Commod re Dekay, son-in-law of the author. 
 
 The extraordinary mental power and genius of Dr. Drake were 
 manifested at a very early period; when not over seven years of 
 age, he had acquired much literary information ; and at the a<re of 
 fourteen he had written many verses of merit. , . He possessed 
 great tenacity of recollection and power of quick difcrimination 
 His thoughts flowed gracefully, and his power of language w?s 
 !?? If- 6d b - iS P^ uliarit y that of instan taneou? crfation 
 for thought, imagination, truth, and imagery, seemed to combine 
 and produce their results in a moment." N. P. Wims. 
 
 Drake, Nathan, Vicar of Sheffield from 1695 to 1713. 
 Serms., 1695, '97, 4to. 
 
 Drake, Nathan, M.D., 1766-1836, a native of York, 
 England, and a descendant of the preceding, was educated 
 at the University of Dublin. In 1792 he settled at Had- 
 leigh, Suffolk, where, for the long term of forty-four years, 
 he ministered to the health of his patients and the mental 
 and moral welfare of his race. The following list of his 
 literary works we extract from the Lon. Gent. Mag., Aug., 
 1836: The Speculator; a Periodical Paper written in con 
 junction with Dr. Edward Ash, 1790, 8vo. Poems, 1793, 
 4to. Literary Hours, 1st ed., 1798, 8vo; 4th ed., 1820, 3 
 vols. 8vo. Essays illustrative of the Tatler, Spectator, and 
 Guardian, 1805, 3 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1812. Essays illus 
 trative of the Rambler, Adventurer, Idler, and other pe 
 riodical papers to the year 1809, 2 vols. 8vo. The Gleaner ; 
 a series of Periodical Essays selected from authors not in 
 cluded in the British Essayists, 1811, 4 vols. 8vo. Shak- 
 speare and his Times, 1817, 2 vols. 4to. Winter Nights, 
 1820, 2 vols. 8vo. Evenings in Autumn, 1822, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Noontide Leisure, 1824, 2 vols. 8vo. Mornings in Spring, 
 1828, 2 vols., 8vo. We regret that we have not space to 
 enlarge upon the merits of Dr. Drake's invaluable works. 
 They have done much to stimulate a taste for useful and 
 elegant literature. In addition to the publications named 
 above, he pub. a number of professional treatises, and left 
 in MS. A Selected Version of the Psalms, with copious 
 Notes and Illustrations. 
 
 We have been surprised and mortified to notice the 
 shameful ignorance prevailing in America respecting the 
 publications of this eminent writer. We remember on one 
 occasion listening to an hour's dissertation on Shakspeare, 
 from a well-known public lecturer, who confessed, when 
 we recommended to him the study of Drake's Shakspeare 
 and his Times, that he had never heard of such a book ! 
 Yet that high authority, Archdeacon Nares, thus commends 
 this invaluable storehouse of Shakspearean information : 
 
 " No work has hitherto appeared, and we may venture almost to 
 pronounce that none can in future be produced, in which so much 
 of agreeable and well-digested information on this subject will be 
 found, as in this masterly production of Dr. Drake. ... It may be 
 considered as a magnificent temple, dedicated to the genius of 
 Shakspeare. ... Its publication will form an epocha in the Shak 
 spearean history of this country. So abundant is the light thrown, 
 by it upon the singularly interesting period in which the poet lived, 
 that not only every admirer of his writings, but every person who 
 is curious on the subjects of our literature, manners, customs, and 
 their history, must occasionally resort to it for information." Head 
 the whole of this interesting review in Lon. Gent. Mag., 88, Pt. 2 : p. 
 241, 334. 
 
 We must find room for one or two opinions upon this 
 literary benefactor of his age : 
 
 " In 1803 I got a bright new book, fresh from the press In those 
 days, on which I still reflect with pleasure; namely, Drake's Lite 
 rary Hours. It became my fevourite companion for years after 
 ward, and it was this work, more than all others, which at that 
 early age fixed my affections on literary pursuits." Gillies' s Lite 
 rary Veteran. 
 
 " If I were called to name the writer in the lighter walks of Eng 
 lish literature, who, by his essays and ingenious illustrations of 
 our standard authors, is most calculated to refine the taste and to 
 excite an ardent thirst for reading and literary pursuits, I should 
 name Dr. Nathan Drake." Cleveland's Eng. Lit. of the Nineteenth 
 Century. 
 
 Drake's works should have years ago been republished 
 in America. 
 
 Drake, R. Essay on the Gout, Lon., 1758, 8vo. 
 
 " A work of no merit, being little more than a quack advertise 
 ment." Dr. WatCs Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Drake, Rev. Roger. Vindicise, &c., Lon., 1641, 4to. 
 Sacred Chronology, 1648, 8vo. Holy Mount, 1653, 12mo. 
 The Sacrament, 1656, 8vo. 
 
 Drake, Roger, D.D. Serms., 1676, '77. 
 
 Drake, Samuel, D.D. Serms., Ac., 1670-1724. New 
 ed. of Archbp. Parker's De Antiquitate Britannicae Eccle- 
 siaj, 1729, fol. 
 
 Drake, Samuel G., b. 1798, in New Hampshire, au 
 thor and bookseller, was the first to establish an Antiqua 
 rian Bookstore in the U. S., (Boston, 1828.) Hist, of Indian 
 Wars, 1825, 12mo. Indian Biography, 1832, 12mo. Book 
 of the Indians, 1833. New ed., enlarged, 1852, 8vo. Old 
 Indian Chronicle, 1836, 18mo. New Eng. Hist, and Gen. 
 Regr., 8 vols. 8vo. Hist, and Antiquities of Boston, 1855, 
 pp. 768. Contrib. to numerous periodicals. 
 
 "The Book of the Indians is a work of high authority for facts." 
 
 Drake, Rev. W. Antiquarian papers in Archaeol., 
 1777j 7 9^ 89. 
 
 Drake, Sir Wm. Speech in Parl., Lon., 1641, 4to. 
 
 Drake, Wm. Serm., York, 1745, 8vo. 
 
 Drake, Rev. Wm. Theolog. and educational works, 
 Lon., 1847-53. 
 
 Dralloc, John. See COLLAKD. JOHN. 
 
 519 
 
DRA 
 
 Dransfield, Wm. Short Serms. for Families and 
 Villages, Lon., 1824-33, 3 vols. 12mo; many eds. 
 
 "The sentiments are strictly srriptural and evangelical, ex 
 pressed in a clear and perspicuous style, and the subjects of 
 which they treat of the greatest importance." Lon. Congreg. Mag. 
 Guide to the Choice of Books, 12mo. Family Worship, 
 6th ed., 1848, p. 8vo. 
 
 Drunt, Thomas, D.D., d. about 1578? a divine of 
 some celebrity "better known as the first English metri 
 cal translator of Horace in 1567, a work of excessive rarity 
 when found in a perfect state," (Diidin)vfis a zealous 
 opponent of Popery. See a notice of, and extracts from, 
 his Three godly and learned Sermons, 1584, 8vo, in Dib- 
 din's Library Companion. He pub. several other original 
 works and translations. 
 
 "Drant is equally bold and familiar with Latimer but more 
 quaint, with greater affectation of learning and with less warmth 
 of eloquence than Fox." See Tanner; Phillips's Theatrum Poeta- 
 rum; Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry; Brit. Bibliographer. 
 Drant, Thomas. Serms., 1637. 
 Draper, Charles. Fables, Lon., 1761, 12mo. 
 Draper, IA. Col. E. A. Address to the Public in 
 the case of Brig. Gen. Picton, Ac., 1806. 
 
 Draper, Henry. Lectures on the Liturgy, Lon., 1806, 
 Svo; on the Collects, 1813, '14, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " A perspicuous, sensible, evangelical exposition." ion. Eclectic 
 Keview. 
 
 " Contains no small portion of the jargon of the conventicle." 
 Lon. Critical Review. 
 
 Draper, John Wm., b. 1811, near Liverpool, Eng 
 land; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, 1836; 
 Prof, of Chemistry in the University of N. York, 1839; has 
 pub. many valuable treatises on chemistry, physiology, and 
 mixed mathematics. Some of his memoirs on the chemical 
 action of light have been trans, in France, Germany, and 
 Italy. Human Physiology, Statical and Dynamical; or, 
 The Conditions and Course of the Life of Man : being 
 the Text of the Lectures delivered in the Medical Depart 
 ment of the University of New York ; illustrated by nearly 
 300 fine wood-cuts from photographs; new ed., N. York, 
 1858, 8vo, 650 pages. 
 
 " Stands first of our physiological treatises." Lon. Med. Times. 
 " Deserves to be in the library of every student of physiology." 
 Lon. Ath&n. 
 
 Draper, Lyman C., b. 1815, near Buffalo, N. York. 
 Since 1833 he has been actively engaged in collecting facts 
 relating to the History and Biography of the Western 
 States of the U.S., and the result of his researches present 
 perhaps the most valuable collection of material for a 
 series of border-biographies ever made. Such a series is 
 now (1858) in course of preparation by Mr. D., assisted 
 by Benson J. Lossing, Esq. He edited with ability vols. 
 L, ii., and iii. of the Hist. Soc. of Wisconsin Collection. 
 
 Draper, W. H. The Morning Walk and other Poems, 
 Lon., 1751, 8vo. 
 
 Draper, Sir Wm., Lt. Genl. and K. B., 1721-1787, Lt. 
 Govr. of Minorca, 1779, visited America in 1769, in which 
 year he married Miss De Lancey, daughter of the Chief 
 Justice of New York. This lady died in 1778, leaving a 
 daughter, born 1773. 
 
 Sir Wm. is best known by his controversy with Junius, 
 an account of which will be found in Woodfall's edit, of 
 Junius's Letters, Lon., 1812. Answer to the Spanish Ar 
 guments, Lon., 1764, Svo. Observs. on Murray's Defence, 
 1783, 4to. 
 
 Draper, Wm. Serm., Lon., 1791, 8vo. 20 Serms., 
 1796, Svo. 
 
 "They are written in plain and easy language, and are well 
 adapted to the abilities of country congregations." 
 
 Reading Lessons for Children. Pts. 1 and 2, 1812, 8ro, 
 Drapes, Edward. Theolog. treatises, 1646-49, 4to. 
 Draxe, Thomas. Theolog. works, Ac., Lon., 1608-16 
 Dray, Thomas. Chronic Diseases, 1772, 8vo. 
 Drayton, J. B. Poems, 1813, 12mo. 
 Drayton, John, d. 1822, aged 60, Governor of S. Caro 
 lina, 1800-02, and 1808-10, and U. States District Judge 
 pub. the historical materiel collected by his father under 
 the title of Memoirs of the American Revolution from its 
 commencement to 1776, inclusive, as relating to the State 
 of S. Carolina, Ac., 1821, 2 vols. 8vo. He had previously 
 pub. View of S. Carolina, 1802, Svo. 
 
 Drayton, Michael, 1563-1631, a native of Hartshill 
 Warwickshire, is said to have studied for some time at Ox 
 ford : this has been questioned, but we think that the tes 
 timony of Sir Aston Cokain confirms the statement. For 
 his education he appears to have been indebted to Si 
 Henry Goodere, and among his most eminent patron 
 were the Countess of Bedford, and Sir Walter Aston. T< 
 the hospitality of the latter he refers, when complaining 
 520 
 
 DRA 
 
 f his want of success in gaining the smiles of the court 
 pon the accession of James I. : 
 
 "I have neglected my papers [the Poly Olbion] sometimes two 
 ears together, finding the times since his majesty's happy coming 
 n, to fall so heavily upon my distressed fortunes, after my zealous 
 oul had laboured so longi:i that which, with the general happiness 
 f the kingdom seemed not then impossible somewhat also to have 
 dvanced me. But I instantly saw all my long-nourished hopes 
 ven buried alive before my face : so uncertain in this world be 
 he end of our d'. .vest endeavours! And whatever is herein that 
 astesof a free spi it, I thankfully confess to proceed from the con- 
 inued bounty of my truly noble friend Sir Walter Aston; which 
 lath given me the best of those hours, whose leisure hath effected 
 his which now I publish." 
 
 He takes care that the name of his benefactor shall never 
 forgotten, so long as his own great poem shall be fresh 
 n men's memory : 
 " Trent, by Tixall graced, the Astons' ancient seat, 
 
 Which oft the 51 use hath found her safe and sweet retreat." 
 The Earl of Dorset proved as kind to his age, as Sir Wal- 
 er Aston had to his earlier years, and under the roof of 
 his generous nobleman he spent his declining days in re- 
 )ose and comfort, beloved by his associates, and admired 
 >y his countrymen at large. 
 
 In 1593 he pub. a collection of pastoral pieces under 
 he title of Idea : the Shepherd's Garland, fashioned in 9 
 Sglogs, Ac., 4to. Reprinted as Pastorals, Ac., with the 
 Man in the Moon, Ac., 1619, fol. A few years later he 
 jave to the world the Barrons' Warres, 4to, (some copies 
 dated 1596,) and England's Heroical Epistles, 1598, Svo. 
 The Downfall of Robert of Normandy, Matilda, and Ga- 
 eston were also written before 1598. In 1613, fol., ap 
 peared the first of his principal work The Poly-Olbion, 
 containing 18 songs. This was reprinted in 1622 with the 
 addition of 12 songs, making 30 songs in the whole, or 
 30,000 lines, written in Alexandrian couplets ! This folio 
 s adorned with 30 maps. In 1627 he pub. The Battaile 
 of Agincourt, Nymphidia, The Court of Fayrie, The Moon 
 Calf, Elegies, Ac., fol., and in 1630 he pub. The Muses Eli- 
 zium, 4to. Many of his smaller poetical pieces were issued 
 separately, as his Holy Himnes, Moyses, The Owl, Ac. 
 Collective editions of his poems were pub. in 1605, 8vo; 
 1609, fol.; 1610, Svo; 1613, Svo; 1619, fol.; 1630, Svo; 
 1637, 12mo. Works, 1748, fol; 1752, 4 vols. Svo. See par- 
 iculars of editions of his separate and collected works in 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 Among the most admired of his compositions, with the 
 exception of his principal performance, seem to have been 
 the Heroical Epistles. They are now held in light estima 
 tion, but the Nymphidia can never become obsolete until 
 the spirit of true poetry shall have lost its charms. In 
 1814 (r. Svo) Sir S. Egerton Brydges reprinted 100 copies 
 at the Lee Priory Press. 
 
 Burton, the antiquary of Leicestershire, his "near coun 
 tryman and old acquaintance," considers that the name of 
 Drayton alone exalted the poetical eminence of England to 
 an equality with Italy itself! 
 
 " Though those Transalpines account us Tramontani rude and 
 barbarous, holding our brains so frozen, dull, and barren, that they 
 can afford no inventions or conceits, yet may he [Drayton] compare 
 either with their old Dante, Petrarch, or Boccace, or Neoteric Mari- 
 nella, Pignatello. or Stigliano. But why should I go about to com 
 mend him whom his own works and worthiness have sufficiently 
 extolled to the world?" Description of Leicestershire. 
 
 Draytou was not entirely neglected in the generation 
 succeeding his own : 
 
 "The Barons' "Wars contains several passages of considerabl 
 beauty, which men of greater renown, especially Milton, who 
 availed himself largely of all the poetry of the preceding age, have 
 been willing to imitate." HaUam's Intnduc. to Lit. Hist. 
 
 His principal performance, The Poly-Olbion, is indeed 
 a most singular production. Imagine a poet gravely pro 
 posing as the subject of his muse A Chorographical de 
 scription of all the tracts, rivers, mountains, forests, and 
 other parts of this renowned Isle of Great Britain ; with 
 intermixture of the most remarkable stories, antiquities 
 wonders, Ac. of the same. 
 
 None but a great poet could have made such a subject 
 attractive, and none but a thorough philologist could have 
 forced poetry to perform so well the office of prose. Bishop 
 Nicolson greatly prefers the first portion to its successor : 
 "The first eighteen of these songs had the honour to be pub 
 lished with Mr. Selden'g notes; the other twelve being hardly ca 
 pable of such a respect" English Hist. Lib. 
 
 It was indeed no small advantage to the poet to have so 
 distinguished an annotator. 
 
 " Drayton was honoured by a commentator who must have given 
 fame to any writer. If Selden's taste was equal to his learning, 
 Drayton is indeed most highly distinguished."/^. Vicesimus 
 Knox's Essays. 
 
 Headley remarks: 
 
 " His Puly-Olbiou is one of the most singular works this country 
 
DRA 
 
 has produced, and seems to me eminently original. The informa 
 tion contained in it is in general so acute, that he is quoted as an 
 authority both by Hearne and Wood. His perpetual allusions to 
 obsolete traditions, remote events, remarkable facts and person 
 ages, together with his curious genealogies of rivers, and his taste 
 for natural historv, have contributed to render his work very valu- 
 
 DRU 
 
 Drewitt, Thomas. Theolog. treatises, 1799, 1801. 
 
 DrewryC. S. Patent Law, Lon., 1838, 8vo. Injunc 
 tions, 1841, 8vo ; Supp., 1849. New ed., with Supp., 1849. 
 
 Drinker, Anna, a native of Pennsylvania, better 
 known by the nom de plume of Edith May, has attained 
 
 able to the antiquary ."Select Beauties of Ancient Enalish Ibetry. considerable distinction as a poetess. Her contributions 
 His Poly-Olbion is certainly a wonderful work, exhibiting at j to the Home Journal were highly commended by N. P. 
 
 once the learning of an historian, an antiquary, a naturalist, and 
 a geographer, and embellished by the imagination of a poet." 
 Ellis' s Specimens of the Early English Poets. 
 
 Bp. Nicolson commends the accuracy of The Poly-Olbion : 
 
 " It affords a much truer account of this kingdom, and the do 
 minion of Wales, than could well be expected from the pen of a 
 poet." English Hist. Lib. 
 
 " Drayton is a sweet poet, and Selden's notes to the earlier part 
 of the Poly-Olbion are well worth your perusal. . . . Yet there are 
 instances of sublimity in Drayton." COLERIDGE. 
 
 " There is probably no poem of this kind in any other language, 
 comparable together in extent and excellence to the Poly-Olbion ; 
 nor can any one read a portion of it without admiration for its 
 learned and highly-gifted author. Yet perhaps no English poem, 
 known as well by name, is so little known beyond its name; for 
 while its immense length deters the common reader, it affords, as 
 has just been hinted, no great harvest for selection, and would be 
 judged very unfairly by partial extracts. It must be owned also, 
 that geographical antiquities may, in modern times, be taught bet 
 ter in prose than in verse; yet whoever consults the Poly-Olbion 
 for such objects will probably be repaid by petty knowledge which 
 he may not have found anywhere else." HaUam's Introduc. to 
 Lit. Hist. See also Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry; Biog. Brit.; 
 Censura Literaria; Brydges's Imaginative Biog. ; Disraeli's Ameni 
 ties of Lit.; Drake's Shaksp. and his Times; Phillips's Theatrum 
 Poetarum. 
 
 One of the most poetical tributes offered to Drayton's 
 muse, is that of Dr. Jas. Kirkpatrick : 
 
 "Drayton, sweet ancient Bard, his Albion sung, 
 With their own praise her echoing Valleys rung; 
 His bounding Muse o'er ev'ry mountain rode, 
 And ev'ry river warbled where he flcw'd." 
 
 Sea-Piece, canto ii. 
 
 Drayton, Thomas, D.D. The Promises, Lon., 1657. 
 
 Drayton, Chief Justice Wm. Henry, 1742-1779, 
 
 Willis. Poetical Works, 1851, 8vo ; 2d ed., 1854. 
 
 " Her dramatic power, observation of life, imagination, fancy, 
 and the easy and natural flow of her verse, which is nowhere 
 marred by any blemish of imperfect taste, entitle this very youth 
 ful poet to a place in the common estimation inferior to none occu 
 pied by writers of her years. And there are scattered through her 
 ! poems gleams of an intelligence which they do not fully disclose, 
 and felicities of expression betraying latent power greater than is 
 ! excited, so that we are not authorized to receive what she has ac- 
 1 complished, brilliant as it is, as a demonstration of the entire cha 
 racter and force of her faculties." Griswold's Female Poets of 
 America, 1853. 
 
 Tales and Poems for Children, 1855, 12mo. 
 Drinkwater, John, Capt. 72d Regt. Hist, of the 
 late siege of Gibraltar, with a Description and Account of 
 that Garrison from the earliest Periods, Lon., 1785, 4to ; 
 
 1844, p. 8vo. 
 A book so replete with interest and information, as to be truly 
 
 in our language. No officer should be without a copy." Naval 
 and Military Gaz. 
 
 Drisler, Henry, b. 1818, on Staten Island, New 
 York; graduated at Columbia College, New York City, 
 1839 ; appointed Tutor in Ancient Languages in the same 
 institution, 1843; Adjunct Professor, 1843, and Professor 
 of Latin, 1847. Assisted Professor Anthon in several of 
 his classical works ; re-edited, with considerable additions, 
 Liddell and Scott's edition of Porson's Greek Lexicon, 
 New York, 1851-52, 8vo. The sale of this invaluable 
 lexicon reached 25,000 copies in two years after publica 
 tion, (1851-53.) Had in press a greatly-enlarged edition 
 
 one of the principal promoters of American independence, | of Yonge's English-Greek Lexicon, which was destroyed 
 
 and President of the Provincial Congress, died suddenly 
 in Philadelphia, while attending to his duties as a member 
 of Congress. He compiled a History of the American Re 
 volution, &c., which was pub. by his son. See DRAYTON, 
 JOHN. His descendants now living amply sustain the 
 honour of the family. See Ramsay's Hist, of the Revolu 
 tion in S. Carolina, 1785, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Drebel, Cornelius, 1572-1634, a native of Holland, 
 died in London, where he distinguished himself by his 
 knowledge of natural philosophy. The principal of his 
 works is entitled De Natura Elementorum, Hamb.,1621,8vo. 
 Drelingcourt, P. Speech, Dubl., 1682, 4to. 
 Drennan, Wm., M.D. A Letter to Earl Fitzwilliam, 
 and two to Wm. Pitt, 1795, '99. 
 Drew, Edward. Serm., Lon., 1803, 8vo. 
 Drew, G. S. 8 Serms., Lon., 1845, 8vo; 1849. 
 " The composition is clear and forcible ; the sentiments are evan 
 gelical; and the tendency of each discourse is to enlighten and 
 impress." Lon. Biblical Rev. 
 
 Serm., 1849, 8vo. Evening Classes for Young Men j 2 
 Lect, 1852, 12mo. 
 
 Drew, John. Address, 1649 j Plea, 1651; boththeolog. 
 Drew, John. Manual of Astronomy, Lon., 1845, r. 
 18mo; 2ded., 1853, 12mo. 
 
 Drew,Rich. A Balance Level,Nic. Jour.,1808. The So 
 ciety of Arts voted Mr. Drew ten guineas for this invention. 
 Drew, Robert. Serms., 1725, '35, 8vo. 
 Drew, Samuel, 1765-1833, a shoemaker of Cornwall, 
 a converted infidel, became editor of The Imperial Maga 
 zine. Remarks on Paine's Age of Reason, 1798, 1803, 
 '20. The Immateriality and Immortality of the Human 
 Soul, 1802, 8vo; 8th ed., 1848, 12mo. Trans, into French. 
 " This work on the soul is truly wonderful, and nothing like it 
 was ever published." Prof. Kidd, in a Letter to J. H. Drew. 
 
 " His masterpiece of metaphysical argument is contained in his 
 Essay on the Soul, from which he has been styled The English 
 Plato." Lon. Christian Remembrancer. 
 
 Life of Dr. Coke, 2 vols. Identity and General Resur 
 rection of the Human Body, 1809, 8vo. Being and Attri 
 butes of God, 1820, 2 vols. 8vo. Remains, Sermons, <fcc., 
 edited by his son, 8vo. Life of, by his son, 8vo. 
 
 " Incident, anecdote, or sentiment, is in every page ; and the 
 piety, not enthusiasm, but religious philosophy, that runs through 
 out, gives a charm to the whole." Lon. Chris. Advocate. 
 
 Drew, Wm. Fontanieu's Art of making coloured 
 crystals to imitate Precious Stones, Lon., 1789, 8vo. 
 
 Drew, Wm. A., b. 1798, in Massachusetts, an agri 
 cultural writer. Glimpses and Gatherings during the 
 Great London Exhibition of 1851, 12mo, pp. 404. Con- 
 trib. to various religious and agricultural journals. 
 
 Drewe, Major Edward, of 35th Regt. Military 
 Sketches, 1784, 8vo. 
 
 by fire. It is now (1858) being re-stereotyped. Professor 
 Drisler has in a forward state of preparation a Greek-and- 
 English Lexicon for the use of schools. 
 
 Driver, Abr. and Wm. Agricult. of Hants, 1794. 
 
 "It claims no particular notice." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Driver, Wm. See DRIVER, ABR. 
 
 Drope, Francis. Short and sure guide in the prac 
 tice of raising and ordering Fruit Trees, Oxf., 1672, 8vo. 
 
 Drope, John. Hymenaean Essay, Oxf., 1622. 
 
 Drought, Rev. Robert. Anacreon, with trans, Ac. 
 by the Rev. Hercules Younge, 1802, 12mo. 
 
 Drouville, J. B. Lancers, 1811, 4to. 
 
 Druery, J. II. Great Yarmouth, 1826, 8vo. 
 
 Druitt, Robert. Church Music, Lon., 1845, 8vo. 
 
 Druitt, Robert. Difficult Subjects in Anatomy and 
 Surgery, 2d ed., Lon., 1846, '48. Surgeon's Vade Mecum, 
 6th ed., 1853, 12mo. Principles and Practice of Minor 
 Surgery. New Amer. ed., by F. W. Sargent, M.D., author 
 of Modern Surgery, <fcc., Phila., 8vo. 
 
 " An unsurpassable compendium, not only of surgical, but of 
 medical, practice." Lon. Med. Gaz. 
 
 " It is a useful handbook for the practitioner, and we should deem 
 a teacher of surgery unpardonable who did not recommend it to his 
 pupils. In our own opinion, it is admirably adapted to the wants 
 of the student." Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 Drummond, (in association with Bromley.) Obi; or 
 the History of Three-fingered Jack, 1800. 
 
 Drummond, Dr. Abernethy. Appendix to the 
 Church Catechism, Lon., 1759, 8vo. 
 
 Drummond, Alex. Travels, Lon., 1754, fol. 
 
 Drummond, Alex. M. Febribus, Edin., 1770, 8vo. 
 
 Drummond, Rev. D. T. K. Corresp. between, and 
 
 Bp. Terrot, Edin., 1842, 8vo. 
 Other works. 
 Drummond, Edward* 
 
 See Moore's Travels, p. 175. 
 
 Episcopacy in Scot., 1845. 
 Voyage up the Gambia 
 
 Drummond, E. A. H., D.D., 1758-1830. Serm., 
 1792, 4to. Catechet. Ques. prior to Confirmation, Lon., 
 1813, 8vo; 1818. 
 
 Drummond, George H. Theolog. works, <fcc., 1790- 
 1804. 
 
 Drummond, Mrs. H. Theolog. works, Edin., 1845, 
 8vo. 
 
 Drummond, Henry. Dialogues of Prophecy, 1827- 
 29, 3 vols. 8vo. Defence of the Students of Prophecy, 
 Lon., 1828, 8vo. Social Duties, or Christian Principles, 
 1839, sm. 8vo. Revealed Religion, 1845, 8vo. 
 
 " Contains many striking passages of great power, depth, and 
 truth." English Cliurchman. 
 
 Drummond, Henry H. Obs. on Edin. Rev., 1810. 
 
 Drummond, James L., M.D. Letters to^a Young 
 
DRU 
 
 DRY 
 
 Naturalist on the Study of Nature and Natural Theology, 
 Lon., 1832, 12mo. 
 
 " Happily calculated to generate in a young mind, to sustain in 
 the matured, and to renovate in the old, an ardent love of nature 
 under all her forms." Lon. Montfdy Review, 
 
 First Steps to Botany, 1835, 12mo. 
 
 " Adapted to make the study at once attractive and improving 
 in a high degree.'' Lon. Eclectic Review. 
 
 First Steps to Anatomy, 1845, fp. 8vo. 
 
 " The work of a master throwing off the results of his own 
 knowledge." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 On Natural Systems of Botany, 1845, 12mo. 
 
 Drummond, Lord John. His Case, 1715, 8vo. 
 
 Drummond, John. Case of A. Oswald, 1715, 8vo. 
 
 Drummond, John, M.D. Ed. Med. Ess., 1731. 
 
 Drummond, John. Grammar, 1767. 
 
 Drummond, Dr. R. Grammatical Illustrations, 
 Bombay, 1808, fol. 
 
 Drummond, Robert Hay, 1711-1776, son of the 
 Earl of Kinnoul, educated at Christ Church, Oxford, Bishop 
 of St. Asaph, 1748; trans, to Salisbury, 1761; Archbishop 
 of York, 1761. Serms., a Letter on Theological Study, 
 and Memoirs of his Life, by his son, George Hay Drum 
 mond, Edin., 1803, 8vo. These sermons had before been 
 pub. separately. 
 
 Drummond, T. Med. Com., 1789-93. 
 
 Drummond, T. Theolog. treatises, 1805-09. 
 
 Drummond, T. Theolog. letters, 1812, 12mo. 
 
 Drummond, T. B. Forms of Proceedings, Ac., 1826. 
 
 Drummond, Thomas. Poems, 1756, 8vo. 
 
 Drummond, William, of Hawthornden, 1585-1649, 
 is distinguished as the first Scottish poet who wrote well in 
 English. He was the son of Sir John Drummond, was 
 educated at the University of Edinburgh, and studied civil 
 law in France ; but upon the death of his father retired to 
 his beautiful seat at Hawthornden, one of the loveliest 
 spots in the world. Here it was that Ben Jonson paid 
 him his memorable visit in 1619. Poems, Edin., 1616, 4to. 
 Other edits, see Lowndes's Bibl. Man. Cypress Grove, a 
 moral treatise in prose. Flowers of Zion, or Spiritual 
 Poems, 1623, '30, 4to. Hist of Scotland, 1423-1542, Lon., 
 1655, fol. ; 1681, 8vo. Memorials of State, Familiar Epis 
 tles, Cypress Grove, <fec., 1681, 8vo. Polemo Middinia, 
 Oxf., 1691, 4to. The first macaronic poem by a native of 
 Great Britain. Works, Edin., 1711, fol.; 1791, sm. 8vo. 
 New edit., with Life by Peter Cunningham, 1833, 12mo. 
 Among the most admired of Drummond's compositions are 
 The River of Forth Feasting, On Spring, To the Nightin 
 gale, The Praise of a Solitary Life, To his Lute, and Tears 
 on the Death of Moeliades. 
 
 The Forth Feasting is designed to compliment King 
 James II. on his visit to Scotland in 1617. 
 
 " It attracted the envy as well as the praise of Ben Jonson, is 
 superior in harmony of numbers to any of the compositions of the 
 contemporary poets of Scotland, and in its subjects one of the most 
 elegant panegyrics ever addressed by a poet to a prince." LORD 
 WOODHOUSELEE: LifeofKames. 
 
 "Drummond's sonnets, I think, come as near as almost any 
 others to the perfection of this kind of writing, which should em 
 body a sentiment, and every shade of a sentiment, as it varies with 
 time and place and humour, with the extravagance or lightness of 
 a momentary impression." HAZLITT. 
 
 "The sonnets of Drummond of Hawthornden, the most cele 
 brated in that class of poets, have obtained probably as much praise 
 as they deserve. But they are polished and elegant, free from con 
 ceit and bad taste, in pure unblemished English ; some are pathetic 
 or tender in sentiment, and if they do not show much originality, 
 at least would have acquired a fair place among the Italians of the 
 sixteenth century." HAJ.LAM : Introduc. to Lit. Hist. 
 
 As a prose writer, though not without great merit, Drum 
 mond is not so much admired as in the more congenial walks 
 of poetry. Yet who can linger over the solemn cadence of 
 the Cypress Grove, as the moralist argues against unrea 
 sonable fears of the "last enemy," without being continu 
 ally reminded of that rare old master of impressive thought 
 and eloquent language the wise Leech of Norwich, Sir 
 Thomas Browne? 
 
 Drummond, Sir William, d. 1828. Govt. of Sparta 
 and Athens, Lon., 1794, r. 8vo. Trans, of the Satires of 
 Persius, 1798, 8vo. Acad. Questions, 1805, 4to, vol. i. Her- 
 culanensia, 1810, 4to; in conjunction with R. Walpole, Esq. 
 Punic Inscrip., 1811, r. 4to. CEdipus Judaicus, 1811, 8vo. 
 
 " The learned baronet gravely maintains that the whole Old Tes 
 tament is allegorical ; and that a great, if not the leading, object 
 of it, is to teach a correct system of astronomy." Or me's Bibl. Bib. 
 This curious work was answered by Drs. D'Oyly, Town- 
 send, and in the Lon. Quart. Rev., ix. 329. Odin, part 1, 
 1817, r. 4to. Origines, or remarks on the origin of Em 
 pires, States, and Cities, 1824-29, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Every reader of these pages cannot hesitate to attribute to him 
 the most patient industry of antiquarian research, and the appli 
 
 cation of great learning and skill to the varied difficulties of his 
 undertaking." British Critic. 
 
 Drummond, William H., D.D. Battle of Trafal 
 gar; a Poem, 1806, 12mo. Trans, of Lucretius, 1809, cr. 
 Svo. Giant's Causeway; a Poem, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Drury. Resurrection, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Drury, Anna Harriet. Annesley and other Poems, 
 Lon., 1847, fp. 8vo. 
 
 "We at once and unhesitatingly couple her name with the fa 
 mous names of Goldsmith and Crabbe." Lon. Literary Gaz. 
 
 Friends and Fortunes ; a Moral Tale, 1849, 12mo ; 2d ed., 
 1853. The Inn by the Seaside, 1852, fp. 8vo. Light and 
 Shade, 1852, 12mo. 
 
 Drury, Charles. Farmers' Discovery in Agriculture, 
 Lon., 1810, Svo; enlarged, 1815, 8vo. 
 
 "A person of fruitful ideas, but puny and meagre, and had not 
 a large grasp of original conception." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Drury, Drew. Illustrations of Natural History, Lon., 
 1770, '73, '82, 3 vols. 4to, 7 17*. 6rf., plain; 15 15s., co 
 loured. Highly commended by Linnaeus, Fabricius, and 
 others. 
 
 "Opus entomologicus splendidisshnus." REV. WM. KIRBY. 
 
 "A most beautiful and valuable work on entomology." HA- 
 
 WORTH. 
 
 New ed., entitled Illustrations of Foreign Entomology, 
 edited by J. 0. Westwood, 1837, 3 vols. 4to, 6 16s. 6rf. / 
 nearly 700 figures, engraved by Moses Harris. 
 
 " The exquisite work of Drury displays the complete insect in a 
 degree of perfection that leaves nothing to be desired." SIR JAMES 
 EDWARD SMITH, Pres. of the Linncean Society. 
 
 " Very accurate and excellent figures." Swainsorfs Zoological 
 Illustrations. 
 
 'Drury's work has not been surpassed in beauty and accuracy 
 of execution by any of the sumptuous efforts of the present day." 
 Encyc. Brit. : Art. Entr/mnlogy. 
 
 " A few years ago, a new edition, with impressions from the ori 
 ginal plates, was published under the editorial care of Mr. West- 
 wood, by Mr. Henry Bohn, the bookseller. It is not easy to speak 
 of this edition in terms of too high commendation." SIR WILLIAM 
 JARDINE. 
 
 Drury, Edward. Office of a Bishop, 1709. 
 
 Drury, Capt. O'Brien, R.N. Observations on Mag 
 netic Fluid ; Trans. R. Irish Acad., 1788. 
 
 Drury, Robert. Madagascar; or Robert Drury's 
 Journal during 15 Years Captivity there, Lon., 1722, Svo. 
 
 "The most authentic account of that country that has ever ap 
 peared." Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Drury, W. B. Reports, 1838, '39, Dubl., 1840, Svo, 
 and F. W. Walsh ; Reports Irish Chancery, 1839-42, 2 vols. 
 8vo, and R. E. Warren, ditto, 1841, 4 vols. Svo. 
 
 Drury, Wm., teacher of Poetry and Rhetoric in the 
 English College of Douay in the 17th century. Dranama- 
 tica Poemata, Douay, 1628, Svo; 1658, 12mo. 
 
 Dryander, Jonas, 1748-1810, a Swedish naturalist, 
 resided for many years in London, where, at the time of 
 his death, he was Vice Pres. of the Linnaean Society, of 
 which he was one of the principal founders. He wrote 
 several botanical treatises, edited some works of a similar 
 character,and drew up Catalogus Bibliothecse Historico-Na- 
 turalis Josephi Banks, Baroneti, 5 vols. Svo, Londini, 1798. 
 
 "An excellent and admirably arranged catalogue; the most 
 comprehensive of the kind ever published. It contains a collation 
 of all the articles in the library, and is illustrated with much cu 
 rious and important information." LOWNDES. 
 
 Drych, Theophilus Evans. Y Prif Oesoedd yn 
 Ddwy Ran. Argraphwyd, 1716, 8vo. Concerning Wales. 
 
 Dryden, Charles, drowned 1704, whilst attempting 
 to swim across the Thames, near Datchett, was the eldest 
 son of the great poet. He was educated at Westminster 
 and King's College, Cambridge. A few Latin and English 
 fugitive poems comprise his contributions to the literature 
 of his country. 
 
 Dryden, John, b. Aug. 9, 1631, d. May 1, 1700, a na 
 tive of Aldwinckle, Northamptonshire, was a son of Eras 
 mus Driden, (the poet preferred the substitution of y,) a 
 rigid Puritan, of an ancient family of great respectability 
 in Northamptonshire. The grandfather of the poet, Sir 
 Erasmus Driden, was created a knight by James I. He 
 had the good fortune to be placed at Westminster School, 
 under the tutorship of the famous Dr. Busby, the stimulat 
 ing properties of whose classic rod are well known to fame. 
 Whilst there he translated the third Satire of Persius, and 
 wrote an elegy on the death of Lord Hastings. In 1650 
 he was removed to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he 
 took the degree of B.A. in January, 1653-54; in 1657 he 
 ! was made A.M. by a dispensation from the Archbishop of 
 Canterbury. In the same year he removed to London, 
 j where be obtained employment as secretary to a relative, 
 Sir Gilbert Pickering. At this time he was a great admirer 
 I of Oliver Cromwell, and on his death in 1658 Dryden com- 
 I memorated the event in his Heroic Stanzas on the late Lord 
 i Protector. He dried his tears, however, in time to enable 
 
DRY 
 
 him to welcome a new sovereign in Astrae Redux, a Poem 
 on the Restoration, 1660. This was followed by A Pane- 
 gyrick to his sacred Majesty, King Charles II., on his Co 
 ronation, 1661. In 1662 he produced his first play, The 
 Wild Gallant, which does not seem to have impressed the 
 public very favourably. Not discouraged, however, he 
 soon afterwards gave to the world The Rival Ladies, and 
 The Indian Emperor. The last made him famous; but, 
 alas, it made him also a married man ! It was written in 
 conjunction with Sir Robert Howard, through whose means 
 he became acquainted with Lady Elizabeth, eldest daughter 
 of the Earl of Berkshire. Poets of course must make love 
 to such of the opposite sex as they happen to encounter; 
 here was the daughter of an earl, evidently, too, not ill 
 pleased with his respectful homage. In an evil day he 
 wooed and won. The parties soon discovered that they 
 were totally unsuited to each other; so her ladyship railed, 
 and the poet revenged himself by 
 
 " Vending such bitter sarcasms against the matrimonial state as 
 too plainly bore evidence to his domestic misery." 
 
 In 1667 appeared Annus Mirabilis, the Year of Wonders, 
 being an account of the events of 1666. Here we have 
 such matters noted down as the Great Fire, the Dutch War, 
 Ac. None but a great poetical genius could have triumphed 
 over the prosaic impediments to success in a piece of this 
 character. The following verses, describing the unhappy 
 condition of those London citizens whose houses had been 
 destroyed by the fire, and those who were spending their 
 last night under their loved roofs, are truly graphic : 
 " Those who have homes, when home they do repair, 
 To a last lodging call their wandering friends; 
 Their short uneasy sleeps are broke with care, 
 To look how near their own destruction comes. 
 Those who have none, sit round where once it was, 
 And with full eyes each wonted room require : 
 Haunting the yet warm ashes of the place, 
 As murder'd men walk where they did expire." 
 Dryden's was now a great name with the wits, and in 
 1668 he succeeded Sir William Davenant as poet-laureate. 
 His excellent essay upon Dramatic Poetry, published in the 
 same year, proved that the author was not unworthy of his 
 new honours. But we are sorry to add, that as a dramatic 
 author he displays indeed ostentatiously obtrudes faults 
 of the gravest character. No writer seems to be fonder of 
 what is unholy, unlovely, and of bad report. The becom 
 ing decencies of domestic life, the sanctity of the matri 
 monial tie, the respect due to the ministers of the Christian 
 faith, and the awful consideration of accountability to the 
 Supreme Being, would be deemed strange matters in Dry- 
 den's dramatic circles. 
 
 "Unhappy Dryden! in all Charles's days, 
 
 Roscommon only boasts unspotted lays!" POPE. 
 The following is a list of the plays, with their appropri 
 ate dates, of which Dryden was sole or joint author: 
 
 1. THE WILD GALLANT, Comedy, 1662. 
 
 2. THE RIVAL LADIES, Tragi-Comedy, 1664. 
 
 3. THE INDIAN EMPEROUR, Tragi-Comedy, 1667. 
 
 4. SECRET LOVE ; or, THE MAIDEN QUEEN, Tragi-Comedy, 
 
 1668. 
 
 5. SIR MARTIN MAR-ALL, Comedy, 1668. 
 
 6. THE TEMPEST, altered by Davenant and Dryden from 
 
 Shakspeare, Comedy, 1670. 
 
 7. TVRANNICK LOVE; or, THE ROYAL MARTYR, Tragedy, 
 
 1670. 
 
 8. AN EVENING'S LOVE; or, THE MOCK ASTROLOGER,.CO- 
 
 medy, 1671. 
 
 9. THE CONQUEST OF GRANADA, Tragedy, 1672. 
 
 10. ALMANZOR AND ALMAHIDE ; or, THE CONQUEST OP GRA 
 
 NADA, part 2, 1672. 
 
 11. MARRIAGE A-LA-MODE, Comedy, 1673. 
 
 12. THE ASSIGNATION; or, LOVE IN A NUNNERY, Comedv, 
 
 1673. 
 
 13. AMBOYNA, Tragedy, 1673. 
 
 14. THE STATE OF INNOCENCE AND FALL OF MAN. Opera, 
 
 1676. 
 
 15. AURENGZEBE, Tragedy, 1676. 
 
 16. ALL FOR LOVE, Tragedy, 1678. 
 
 17. OEDIPUS, by Dryden and Lee, Tragedy, 1679. 
 
 18. TROILUS AND CRESSIDA, Tragedy, 1679. 
 
 19. THE KIND KEEPER; or, MR. LiMBERHAM,Comedy,1680. 
 
 20. THE SPANISH TYRANT, Tragi-Comedy, 1681. 
 
 21. THE DUKE OF GUISE, by Dryden and Lee, Tragedy, 
 
 1683. 
 
 22. ALBION AND ALBANIUS, Opera, 1685. 
 
 23. DON SEBASTIAN, Tragedy, 1690. 
 
 24. AMPHYTRION, Comedy, 1690. 
 
 25. KING ARTHUR, Opera, 1691. 
 
 26. CLEOMENES; or, THE SPARTAN HERO, Tragedy, 1692. 
 
 27. LOVE TRIUMPHANT, Tragi-Comedy, 1694. 
 
 DRY 
 
 " He also brought upon the stage a play of which he only wrote 
 one scene, called The Mistaken Husband, Comedy, 1675." 
 
 See Biog. Dramat. ; and for lists of Dryden's various 
 publications, first editions, &c., see Watt's Bibl. Brit, and 
 Biog. Brit. To the latter work, to Johnson's and Scott's 
 Lives of the poet, and to the sources noticed below, we 
 must also refer the reader for the details of Dryden's lite 
 rary life, his friendships and his quarrels, his successes 
 and defeats, his trials and his consolations. He was truly 
 " a man of war from his youth," and his controversies with 
 the Buckinghams, Rochesters, Shadwells, and Settles of 
 the day, present any thing but a flattering picture of the 
 manners and minor morals of that period. We have al 
 ready animadverted upon Dryden's share of culpability in 
 those abuses of the drama which provoked the righteous 
 indignation of Jeremy Collier. We were pleased to be 
 able to record also the acknowledgment and repentance of 
 the erring dramatist. 
 
 That his religious impressions became more lively towards 
 the close of his life, we have good reason to believe. Shortly 
 after the accession of King James he became a convert to 
 the Church of Rome, in whose communion he yielded up 
 his last breath. His sincerity, indeed, has been much 
 doubted both by contemporaries and posterity ; but we are 
 loath to suspect hypocrisy where the other presumption ia 
 at all tenable. Scott is willing to lean on the side of cha 
 rity, and the comments of Dr. Johnson exhibit an excellent 
 specimen of his rare powers of comprehensive yet terse 
 argumentation : 
 
 " That conversion will always he suspected that apparently con 
 curs with interest. He that never finds his error till it hinders his 
 progress towards wealth or honour will not be thought to love 
 truth only for herself. Yet it may easily happen that information 
 may come at a commodious time ; and, as truth and interest are 
 not by any fatal necessity at variance, that one may by accident 
 introduce the other. When opinions are struggling into popularity, 
 the arguments by which they are opposed or defended become more 
 known ; and he that changes his profession would perhaps have 
 changed it before, with the like opportunities of instruction. This 
 was the then state of Popery ; every artifice was used to show it in 
 its fairest form ; and it must be owned to be a religion of external 
 appearance sufficiently attractive." Life of Dry dim. 
 
 The Revolution dissipated the hopes which the polemical 
 poet had entertained of bettering his embarrassed fortunes; 
 and when, two years later, he was called to his last account, 
 he left not enough of the substance for which he had so 
 laboriously toiled to carry him in peace to the " house ap 
 pointed for all living." 
 
 Without crediting the "wild story" of the drunken brawl 
 and " tumultuary and confused" proceedings which are al 
 leged to have interrupted the funeral cortege and delayed 
 the solemn services for the departed, there seems no reason 
 to doubt that the body of the most illustrious Englishman 
 of the day was obliged to wait for its last asylum until the 
 completion of a hasty subscription enabled the survivors 
 to discharge the expenses connected with its interment. 
 He lies in Westminster Abbey, between the graves of Chau 
 cer and Cowley. 
 
 Of the family of the poet, his widow died insane, after 
 surviving her husband fourteen years. Charles, the eldest 
 son, was drowned in the Thames, as already mentioned. 
 John, the second son, died at Rome in 1701. Erasmus 
 Henry, the third son, died in 1710; he succeeded to the 
 title of baronet, which passed to his uncle, the brother of 
 the poet, and thence to his grandson. The present repre 
 sentative of the family (1855) is Sir Henry Edward Leigh 
 Dryden, of Canons-Ashby. 
 
 It is now proper that we should particularize those pro 
 ductions of Dryden, in addition to those already noticed, 
 which have secured him so high and so permanent a posi 
 tion in the republic of English letters. In accordance with 
 our custom, we shall adduce the opinions of those who by 
 their own reputation have earned a right to a respectful 
 hearing when they pronounce upon the merits or demerits 
 of others. The limited space to which we are necessarily 
 confined will be a sufficient apology for the paucity and 
 brevity of our quotations. 
 
 Absalom and Achitophel, 1681, (of the 2d part, 1684, all 
 but 200 lines of Dryden's was written by Nahum Tate.) is 
 a poetical satire against the party which by the manage 
 ment of Lord Shaftesbuiry placed the Duke of Monmouth 
 at its head. The Duke of Buckingham was the ostensible 
 author of The Rehearsal, 1671, in which Dryden was ridi 
 culed under the name of Bayes. The poet now returned 
 the compliment by representing Buckingham in the cha 
 racter of Zimri, in Absalom and Achitophel. To the second 
 part, Dryden contributed about 200 lines, in which he in 
 troduces Settle and Shadwell under the names of Doeg and 
 Og. He never cared for disparity of numbers : 
 
DRY 
 
 "His antagonists came on with infinite zeal and fury, discharg 
 ing their ill-aimed blows on every side, and exhausted their 
 strength in violent and ineffectual rage; but the keen and tren 
 chant blade of Dryden never makes a thrust in vain, and never 
 strikes but at a vulnerable point." SIR WALTER SCOTT 
 
 " Of this poem, in which personal satire was applied to the sup 
 port of public principles, and in which therefore every mind was 
 interested, the reception was eager, and the sale so large, that my 
 father, an old bookseller, told me he had not known it equalled but 
 by Sacheverell's trial." DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 "The greatest of his satires is Absalom and Achitophel, that 
 work in which his powers became fully known to the world, and 
 which, as many think, he never surpassed. ... The spontaneous 
 
 ease of expression, the rapid transitions, the general elasticity and - for hf h 
 
 movement, have never been excelled." HALLAM : Introduc. to Lit. 
 History. 
 
 The Medal, a satire against sedition, 1681, may be con 
 sidered as a continuation 6f the preceding. It drew forth 
 bitter responses, and Shadwell's zeal against the satirist 
 was rewarded by his becoming the hero of Mac Flecknoe, 
 pub. in the ensuing year. 
 
 In this year, also, he gave to the world Religio Laici, 
 which professes to be a defence of the Holy Scriptures 
 against deists, papists, and Presbyterians. 
 
 Of a far different character, however, are the dogmas 
 espoused in The Dialogues of the Hind and Panther, 1687, 
 which is a defence of his newly-adopted church against 
 the Church of England. We need have no doubts of the 
 result of a controversy between the milk-white Hind the 
 Church of Rome and the Spotted Panther the Church 
 of England. Its effect, however, was rather to injure than 
 aid the cause which the poet had so much at heart : 
 
 " A Mile which exhibits two beasts talking Theology, appears at 
 once full of absurdity ; and it was accordingly ridiculed in the City 
 Mouse and Country Mouse, a parody written by Montague, aft 
 wards Earl of Halifax, and Prior, who then gave the first specimen 
 of his abilities." DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 But Mr. Hallam defends the poet's rather unusual vehi 
 cle for polemical debate : 
 
 "The first lines in the Hind and Panther are justly reputec 
 among the most musical in our language; and perhaps we observe 
 their rhythm the better because it does not gain much by the sense 
 for the allegory and the table are seen, even in the commencement 
 to be awkwardly blended. Yet notwithstanding their evident in 
 coherence, which sometimes leads to the verge of absurdity, and 
 the facility they give to ridicule, I am not sure that Dryden wa 
 wrong in choosing this singular fiction. It was his aim to bring 
 forward an old argument in as novel a style as he could ; a dialogue 
 between a priest and a parson would have made but a dull poem 
 even if it had contained some of the excellent paragraphs we reac 
 in the Hind and Panther. It is the grotesqueness and originality 
 of the fable that gives this poem its peculiar zest, of which no 
 reader, I conceive, is insensible; and it is also by this means tha 
 Dryden has contrived to relieve his reasoning by short but beau 
 tiful touches of description, such as the sudden stream of ligh 
 from Heaven which announces the conception of James's unfor 
 tunate heir, near the end of the second book." Introduc. to Lit 
 History. 
 
 In 1693 appeared the folio which contained a trans, of 
 Juvenal, partly by Dryden, and of Persius, entirely by 
 Dryden. 
 
 " A version completely surpassing all before and all who have 
 succeeded him." SIR WALTER SCOTT. 
 
 His trans, of Virgil, pub. in 1697, has always been held 
 in the highest estimation by many critics, but perhaps an 
 equally erudite verdict could be produced against it Dr. 
 Felton defends him against the critics : 
 
 " Those who excel him, where they observe he hath failed, will 
 fell below him in a thousand instances where he hath excelled." 
 
 Dissertation on Reading the Classicks, 1730, p. 130. And 
 Pope remarks in reference to Dryden's translation of some 
 parts of Homer : 
 
 " Had he translated the whole work, I would no more have at 
 tempted Homer after him than Virgil ; his version of whom (not 
 withstanding some human errors) is the most noble and spirited 
 translation I know in any language." Preface to Pope's trans, of 
 Homers Iliad. 
 
 Dr. Trapp (see his trans, of Virgil into blank verse, 1735) 
 and Mr. Hallam may be cited as dissentients from such 
 florid panegyric. 
 
 In 1700 appeared his Fables, Ancient and Modern, trans 
 lated into verse, and modernized from Homer, Ovid, Boc- 
 cace, and Chaucer. These are probably the best-known to 
 the present generation of all Dryden's pieces. Though 
 not without faults of haste and carelessness, the merits of 
 this collection are not to be questioned. In addition to 
 the larger pieces, there are a number of 
 
 " Short original poems, which, with his prologues, epilogues, and 
 songs, may be comprised ip Congreve's remark, that even those, 
 if he had written nothing else, would have entitled him to the 
 praise of excellence in his kind." DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 The most celebrated of these compositions is the Ode for 
 St. Cecilia's Day, commonly known by the name of Alex 
 ander's Feast 
 
 " The ode for St. Cecilia's Day, perhaps the last effort of his poetry, 
 has been always considered as exhibiting the highest flightof fancy, 
 
 DRY 
 
 rival. If indeed there is any excellence beyond it in some other 
 
 of Dryden's works, that excellence must be found. Compared with 
 ;he ode on Killigrew, it may be pronounced perhaps superior on 
 ,he whole, but without any single part equal to the first stanza of 
 he other." DR. JOHNSON. 
 Mr. Hallam considers that both of these odes have been 
 
 much overrated: 
 
 Dryden's fame as a lyric poet depends a very little on his Ode 
 
 on Mrs. Killigrew's death, but almost entirely on that for St. Ceci- 
 ia's Day, commonly called Alexander's Feast. The former, which 
 s much praised by Johnson, has a few fine lines, mingled with a 
 ar greater number ill conceived and ill expressed; the whole com- 
 wsition has that spirit which Dryden hardly ever wanted, but it 
 
 The latter used to pass for the best 
 
 work of Dryden, and the best ode in the language. Many would 
 now agree with me that it is neither one nor the other, and that it 
 was rather overrated during a period when criticism was not at i\ 
 tiigh point. Its beauties indeed are undeniable ; it has the raci- 
 ness, the rapidity, the mastery of language which belong to Dry 
 den; the transitions are animated, the contrasts effective. But 
 few lines are highly poetical, and some sink to the level of a com 
 mon drinking-song. It has the defects, as well as the merits, of 
 that poetry which is written for musical accompaniment." Intro 
 duc. to Lit. Hist. 
 
 If there be a doubt whether Dryden can claim a place 
 in the first class of poets, there can be no question of his 
 pre-eminence as a writer of prose. A few opinions upon 
 this department of his labours, together with some com 
 ments upon his general characteristics as an author, must 
 conclude our article. 
 
 " The matchless prose of Dryden, rich, various, natural, animated, 
 pointed, lending itself to the logical and the narrative, as well as 
 the narrative and picturesque; never balking, never cloying, 
 never wearying. The vigour, freedom, variety, copiousness, that 
 speaks an exhaustless fountain from its source: nothing can sur 
 pass Dryden." LORD BROUGHAM. 
 
 The great Edmund Burke studied the prose of Dryden 
 with no little interest and profit. His principal prose com 
 positions are his Essay on Dramatic Poetry, and his ad 
 mirable Prefaces and Dedications. 
 
 " Dryden may be properly considered as the father of English 
 criticism, as the writer who first taught us to determine upon prin 
 ciples the merit of composition. Of our former poets, the greatest 
 dramatist wrote without rules, conducted through life and nature 
 by a genius that rarely misled and rarely deserted him. Of the 
 rest, those who knew the laws of propriety had neglected to teach 
 them." DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 " Dryden as a critic is not to be numbered with those who have 
 sounded the depths of the human mind, hardly with those who 
 analyze the language and sentiments of poets, and teach others to 
 judge by showing why they have judged themselves. . . . The style 
 of Dryden was very superior to any that England had seen. He 
 seems to have formed himself on Montaigne, Balzac, and Voiture; 
 but so ready was his invention, so vigorous his judgment, so com 
 plete his mastery over his native tongue, that in point of style ho 
 must be reckoned above all the three. He had the ease of Mon 
 taigne, without his negligence and embarrassed structure of pe 
 riods ; he had the dignity of Balzac, with more varied cadences, 
 and without his hyperbolical tumour; the unexpected turns of 
 Voiture, without his affectation and air of effort." HALLAM, ubi 
 
 and the exactest nicety of art. 
 W 
 
 This is allowed to stand without a 
 
 The prose of Dryden is the most numerous and sweet, the most 
 mellow and generous, of any our language has produced." DR. 
 WARTON : Essay on Pope. 
 
 " There is no modern writer whose style is more distinguished. 
 Energy and ease are its chief characters. . . . His English is pure 
 and simple, nervous and clear, to a degree which Pope has never 
 exceeded, and not always equalled." Dr. Seattle's Essays. 
 
 Pope's admiration of Dryden is well known. He de 
 clared that 
 
 " He could select from his works better specimens of every mode 
 of poetry than any other English writer could supply. 
 
 " As to his writings, I may venture to say in general terms, that 
 no man hath written in our language so much, and so various 
 matter, and in so various manners, so well. . . . His prose had all 
 the clearness imaginable, together with all the nobleness of ex 
 pression, all the graces and ornaments proper and peculiar to it, 
 without deviating into the language or diction of poetry. I have 
 heard him frequently own with pleasure, that, if he had any talent 
 of English prose, it was owing to his having often read the writ 
 ings of the great Archbishop Tillotson. His versification and his 
 numbers he could learn of nobody: for he first possessed thoso 
 talents in perfection in our tongue; and they who have succeeded 
 in them since his time have been indebted to his example; and 
 the more they have been able to imitate him, the better they have 
 succeeded." CONGREVE : Dedication of Dryden's Dramatic works to 
 the Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 " I cannot pass by that admirable English poet, without endea 
 vouring to make his country sensible of the obligations they owe 
 to his Muse. Whether they consider the flowing grace of his ver 
 sification, the vigorous sallies of his fancy, or the peculiar delicacy 
 of his periods, they will discover excellencies never to be enough 
 admired." DR. GARTH : Pref. to the trans, of Ovid's Metamorphoses. 
 See Biog. Brit, where will be found also Hayley's and 
 Churchill's tributes to Dryden, and many other panegyrics 
 well worth perusal. The celebrated controversy between 
 Miss Seward and Mr. Weston, respecting the comparative 
 merits of Dryden and Pope, will be found in Gent. Mag., 
 1789, '90. The opinions of two distinguished modern 
 critics, one upon the merits of our author as a poet, the 
 
DRY 
 
 other respecting his excellencies as a writer of prose, must 
 conclude our citations : 
 
 " He is a writer of manly and elastic character. His strong judg 
 ment gave force as well as direction to a flexible fancy ; and his 
 harmony is generally the echo of solid thoughts. But he was not 
 gifted with intense or lofty sensibility ; on the contrary, the grosser 
 any idea is, the happier he seems to expatiate upon it. The trans 
 ports of the heart, and the deep and varied delineations of the 
 passions, are strangers to his poetry. He could describe character 
 in the abstract, but could not embody it in the drama; for he en 
 tered into character more from clear perception than fervid sym 
 pathy. This great His;h-Priest of all the Nine was not a confessor 
 to the finer secrets of the human breast. Had the subject of 
 Eloisa fallen into his hands, he would have left but a coarse draught 
 of her passion." Campbell's Essay on English Poetry. 
 
 " The prose of Dryden may rank with the best in the English 
 language. It is no less of his own formation than his versifica 
 tion ; it is equally spirited and equally harmonious. Without the 
 lengthened and pedantic sentences of Clarendon, it is dignified 
 when dignity is becoming, and is lively without the accumulation 
 of strained and absurd allusions and metaphors, which were un 
 fortunately mistaken for wit by many of the author's contempora 
 ries." SIR WALTER SCOTT. 
 
 It is difficult to conclude with so many valuable com 
 ments around us yet lacking a place, but there must be an 
 end to all articles. The reader can peruse the subject at 
 his pleasure, and, to aid his investigations, we recommend 
 to him the consultation of the following works, in addition 
 to the many cited above. The biographies, explanatory 
 prefaces, and critical annotations to be found in many of 
 the specified editions of the poet's works, will prove in 
 valuable auxiliaries to the proper understanding of his 
 productions, and the literary and political history of the 
 time: 
 
 Miscellaneous Works, Lon., 1702-09, 6 vols. Svo; 1718, 
 6 vols. 12mo. Plays, 1725, 6 vols. 12mo. Poems and 
 Translations, 1743, 2 vols. 12mo. Miscellaneous Works, 
 with Explanatory Notes and Observations ; also an account 
 of his Life and Writings, 1760, 4 vols. 8vo: edited by 
 Samuel Derrick. Critical and Miscellaneous Prose Works ; 
 with Notes and Illustrations, an Account of the Life and 
 Writings of the Author, a Collection of his Writings ; by 
 Edmund Malone, 1800, 4 vols. 8vo. Works, now first col 
 lected, with Notes, Historical, Critical, and Explanatory, 
 and a Life of the Author, by Walter Scott, 1808, 18 vols. 
 r. 8vo ; 2d edit, 1821, 18 vols. Poetical Works, with Notes 
 by Warton ; edited by Mr. Todd, 1812, 4 vols. 8vo. Poems, 
 with Memoir by Rev. John Mitford, 1834, 5 vols. 12mo; 
 and Boston, 1854, 5 vols. 12mo, Ac. Poetical Works, con 
 taining original Poems, Tales, and Translations; with 
 Notes by the Rev. Joseph Warton, D.D., the Rev. John 
 Warton, and others, 1851, r. Svo. Poetical Works, with 
 Life, Critical Dissertation, and Explanatory Notes, by the 
 Rev. George Gilfillan, Edinburgh and New York, 1855, 2 
 vols. r. Svo. Reviews of Dryden's Works, and of various 
 editions: Scott's edition, Edin. Rev., xiii. 116; Analect. 
 Mag., ii. 148. Works, Edin. Rev., (T. B. Macaulay,) xlvii. 
 1 ; Blackw. Mag., (John Wilson,) Ivii. 133, 503. Dramatic 
 Works, Retrosp. Rev., i. 113. Poetical Works, Museum, 
 xiii. 162. Prose Works, Retrosp. Rev., iv. 55. Life and 
 Times of Dryden, Eclec. Rev., 4th s., xi. 47. Dryden on 
 Chaucer, (John Wilson,) Blackw. Mag., Ivii. 617, 771. Dry 
 den and Pope, Blackw. Mag., ii. 679; (John Wilson,) Ivii. 
 369. Dryden and his Times, Westm. Rev., Ixiii., number 
 for April, 1855. 
 
 Dryden, John, 1668 P-1701, second son of the pre 
 ceding, trans, the 14th satire for his father's Juvenal, and 
 wrote a Comedy, for which his father wrote a preface, en 
 titled The Husband his own Cuckold, Lon., 1696, 4to. In 
 1776 was pub.,from his MS.,Voyage to Sicily and Malta,8vo. 
 
 Dryden, John, Surgeon. Med. Com., 1788. 
 
 Drysdale, John, D.D., 1718-1788, a native of Kirk- 
 caldy, minister of the Tron Church, Edinburgh. Serms., 
 with Life by A. Dalzel, Edin., 1793, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " The style is everywhere forcible and impressive, and, at the 
 same time, pure, perspicuous, and elegantly simple." DR. WM. 
 MOODIE. 
 
 " He possessed a most uncommon fertility of original thought." 
 PROF. DALZEL. 
 
 Drysdale, Win. Popery Dissected, 1799, Svo. 
 
 Dryswich, Ambrose. The Setting Sun; a Poem, 
 Lon., 1812, Svo. 
 
 Duane, James, d. 1797, first Mayor of N. York after 
 its recovery from the British, member of Congress and 
 Judge, pub. a Law Case. See Documentary History of N. 
 York. 
 
 Dnane, Matthew. Coins of Macedonia. The Plates 
 by Bartolozzi, 4to. Brockett, 1237, 2 2s. See Lowndes's 
 Bibl. Man., ii. 614. 
 
 Duane, Wm., of Philadelphia, 1760-1835, a native 
 of the province of New York. 1. Mississippi Question, 
 
 DUC 
 
 Phila., 1803, Svo. 2. Military Dictionary, Phila., 1810, 
 8vo. 3. An Epitome of the Arts and Sciences, 1811. 
 4. Visit to Colombia in 1822, '23, Svo. 
 
 Duane, Wm., b. 1807, at Philadelphia. 1. Passages 
 from the Remembrancer of Christopher Marshall, contain 
 ing a Revolutionary Journal ; edited by Wm. Duane,Phila., 
 1839, 12mo. New ed., enlarged, entitled Passages from the 
 Diary of Christopher Marshall, 1849. 2. View of the Re 
 lation of Landlord and Tenant in Pennsylvania, 1844, Svo. 
 
 " It does infinite credit to the author, not only from the clear 
 ness of its style, but its lucid and judicious arrangement of the 
 decisions upon the subject." 
 
 3. A View of the Law of Roads, Highways, Bridges, 
 and Ferries in Pennsylvania, 1848, 12mo. 4. Coffee, Tea, 
 and Chocolate ,- their influence upon the health, the intel 
 lect, and the Moral Nature of Man; translated from the 
 French, 1846, 12mo. 
 
 Duane, Wm. J., of Phila.,b. 1780, at Clonmel, Ireland. 
 1. The Law of Nations investigated in a Popular Manner, 
 Phila., 1809, Svo. 2. Letters to the People of Penna. on 
 Internal Improvements, 1811, Svo. 3. Narrative and Cor- 
 resp. cone, the Removal of the Deposites, 1838, Svo. 
 
 Du Barry, Edmond L., M.D., Surgeon U.S. Navy. 
 The United States: its Power and Progress; trans, from 
 the French of Guillaume Tell Poussin, Phila., Svo. 
 
 Dubois, Edward. The Wreath; translations, 1799, 
 Svo. Old Nick, 1802, 3 vols. 12mo. Boccaccio's Decame 
 ron, 1S04, 2 vols. Svo. Francis's Horace, with addit. Notes, 
 1807, 4 vols. 12mo. My Pocket-Book, 1807, 12mo. 
 
 Dubois, J. A. 1. The Character, Manners, Customs, 
 and Institutions of the People of India, Lon., 4to ; Phila., 
 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Letters on Christianity in India, Lon., Svo. 
 
 Dubois, P. B. Reflections, Oxon., 1721, 8vo. 
 
 Dubois, Peter. Serms., 1732, '37, Svo. 
 
 Dubose, Catherine A., a daughter of the Rev. Win. 
 Richards, is a native of England, but arrived in America 
 whilst yet a child. In 1849 she was married to Mr. Charles 
 W. Dubose, a lawyer of Georgia. Within the last year or 
 two she has contributed a number of poetical pieces to the 
 Southern Literary Gazette, edited by her brother, Mr. Wm. 
 C. Richards, of Charleston, South Carolina. Mrs. Dubose 
 is also a sister of Mr. Thomas A. Richards, a painter and 
 poet, resident in New York. 
 
 Dubost. Appeal to the Public, 1810, Svo. 
 
 Dubost, Chr. Merchant's Assist., Lon., 1804, Svo. 
 Elements of Com., 1808, 2 vols. Svo. Commer. Arithmetic, 
 Lon., 12mo. 
 
 "A very neat, clear, and precise treatise." ion. Month. Review. 
 
 Dubourdieu, John. Serms., Ac., 1696-1724. 
 
 Dubourdieu, John. Statistical Survey of the County 
 of Antrim, Dubl., 1812, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Dubue, M. Alcohol, Phil. Mag., 1814. 
 
 Ducarel, Andrew Coltee, 1713-1785, an eminent 
 antiquary and civilian, commissary of St. Catherine's and 
 Canterbury, pub. a number of topographical and antiqua 
 rian works, a list of which will be found in Watt's Bibl. 
 Brit., and notices in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. Two 
 of his best-known works are : Anglo-Gallic, Norman, and 
 Aquitain Coins, Lon., 1757, 4to. A new edit, has been long 
 promised. Anglo-Norman Antiquities considered in a Tour 
 through Normandy, 1767, fol. 
 
 " A valuable work on this particular subject." Stevenson's Voy 
 ages and Travels. 
 
 Ducarel, P. J. Orig. Poems and trans., 1807, cr. Svo. 
 De Wyrhale, Svo. Paraphrase of the Psalms, Ac., Svo. 
 
 Duchal, James, 1697-1761, an Irish Nonconformist 
 divine, settled successively at Cambridge, Antrim, and 
 Dublin. Arguments for the truth of the Chris. Relig., Ac., 
 Lon., 1753, Svo. 
 
 " A work of singular merit." KIPPIS. 
 
 Serm., 2d ed., 1765, 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 " Our author's style is in general nervous and clear." Lon. Criti 
 cal Review. 
 
 Duche', Jacob, D.D., d. 179S, aged about 60, Rector 
 of Christ's Church and St. Peter's, Philadelphia, was a na 
 tive of that city. His pulpit oratory was greatly admired. 
 Serm., 1775, Svo. Caspipina's Letters, Phila., 1774, 12mo ; 
 Bath, England, 1777, 2 vols. Svo. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. 
 Nova, 1774, '77. Letter to Gen. Washington on the Decla 
 ration of Independence, Bath, 1777, 4to. Discourses on 
 various Subjects, Lon., 1779, 2 vols. Svo; 1790. Three 
 edits. Serm., 1781, Svo. 
 
 " His discourses have great warmth and spirit; and at times are 
 in the strain of our old divines." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Duck, Arthur, 1580-1649, an eminent English civi 
 lian, Chancellor of London, and Master of the Requests. 
 Vita Henrici Chichele, Ac., Oxon., 1617, 4to. In English, 
 and added to Bates's Lives, Lon., 1681, 4to; and again 
 
DUG 
 
 DUF 
 
 pub., 1699, 8vo. I)e Usu et Auctoritate Juris Civilis Ro- 
 manorum in dominiis principum Christianorum, Lon., 1653, 
 '79, 8vo ; several edits, at home and abroad ; added to De 
 Ferriere's Hist of the Civil Law, Lon., 1724, 8vo. In 
 this work Duck had the assistance of the learned Dr. Ge 
 rard Langbaine. 
 
 Duck, Stephen, who drowned himself in the Thames 
 in a fit of insanity, was originally a thresher, but became 
 a clergyman of the Church of England. He wrote a good 
 deal of poetry, which is only remarkable from the humble 
 condition and limited opportunities of the author. The 
 reader will find his biography in Southey's Lives of Un 
 educated Poets. Poems, Lon., 1730, 8vo; 1736, 4to; 1738, 
 8vo. Truth and Falsehood, a Fable, 1734, fol. Alrick 
 and Isabel, a Poem, 1740, fol. Caesar Camp, a Poem, 1755, 
 4to. Poems, with Memoirs of his Life by Spence,1794,12mo. 
 Swift indulges in some humour at the expense of Duck's 
 poetical pretensions. 
 
 Duckett, Sir George. Trans, of Michaelis's Burial 
 and Resurrection of Jesus Christ, Lon., 1827, 12mo. Mi- 
 chaelis shows that the testimony of the evangelists is suffi 
 cient to place the resurrection of Christ beyond the reach 
 of doubt See a review in British Critic and Theolog. 
 Rev., v. 531. 
 
 Duckett, Thomas. Proceedings concerning the im 
 provement of all manner of Land, <fcc., 1659. 
 
 Ducy, Sir Simon. Speech against the 12 Bishops 
 accused of High Treason, Lon., 1642, 4to. 
 
 Duddell, Benj. Treatises on the Eye, Lon., 1729-36. 
 Dudgeon, G. Overseers of the Poor, Lon., 1838, 8vo. 
 Dudgeon, Wm. Unity of God, Ac., 1737, 8vo. 
 Dudley. See NORTH. 
 
 Dudley, Dean, b. 1823, in Kingfield, Maine, a mem 
 ber of the Boston Bar. 1. The Dudley Genealogies, Bost, 
 1848, 8vo. 2. Pictures of Life in England and America, 
 1851, 8vo. 
 
 Dudley, Earl. Letters to the Bishop of Llandaff, 2d 
 ed., Lon., 1840, 8vo. 
 
 " A most interesting volume." Lon. Lit. Gazette. 
 Dudley, C. W. Reports Cases Ct Appeals S. Caro 
 lina, 1837, '38, Columbia, 1838, 8voj ditto, Cases at Law, 
 1837, '38, Columbia, 1838, 8vo. 
 
 Dudley, Dud. Metallum Martis, Lon., 1665, 12mo. 
 Dudley, Edmund, 1462-1510, executed for high trea 
 son, wrote a book, still in MS., entitled The Tree of the 
 Commonwealth. 
 
 Dudley, F. Amoroso, a Novel, 1810. 
 Dudley, G. M. Reports Cts. Law and Chancery of 
 Georgia, N. York, 1837, 8yo. 
 
 Dudley, Sir Gamaliel. Letter to Prince Rupert, 
 Oxon., 1644, 8vo. 
 
 Dudley, Howard. Hist and Antiq. of Horsham, 
 1836, sm. 8vo. Composed, printed, and the Illustrations 
 engraved and lithographed from original Sketches by a 
 youth under sixteen. 
 
 Dudley, Rev. Sir Henry Bate, 1745-1824, Bart, 
 LL.D., Prebendary of Ely, was distinguished as a political, 
 literary, and convivial character, and still more as a most 
 energetic magistrate. He established several influential 
 journals, and wrote eight dramatic pieces, for a list of which 
 see Biog. Dramat The Rival Candidates, a Comic Opera, 
 was pub. in 1775, 8vo, and The Travellers in Switzerland, 
 also a Comic Opera, in 1793, 8vo; and again in 1794, 8vo. 
 Sir Henry also wrote some tracts on political economy. 
 See a biographical notice of this gentleman in the Gent. 
 Mag., vol. xciv., pt 2, 273, 638. 
 Dudley, Lady Jane. See GREY. 
 Dudley, John, Duke of Northumberland, &c., 1502- 
 1553, father-in-law of the preceding, and also executed for 
 high treason. Sayings vpon the Scaffolde, Lon., 1553, 8vo 
 and . a. 
 
 Dudley, John, Archdeacon of Bedford. Sermon on 
 Phil. iii. 16, 1729, 8vo; two do. on the Privileges of the 
 Clergy, 1731, 8vo. 
 
 Dudley, John. Serm., Lon., 1807, 4to. Metamor 
 phosis of Sona; a Hindoo Tale, 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Dudley, John. Identity of the Niger and the Nile,1821 
 Dudley, Rev. John. Naology; or a Treatise on 
 Sacred Structures, Lon., 1846, 8vo. The Anti-Materialist 
 denying the Reality of Matter, 1849, 8vo. 
 
 Dudley, Joshua. His Memoirs, Lon., 1772, 8vo. 
 Dudley, Sir Matthew. On Insects in the Bark of 
 decaying Elms and Ashes, Phil. Trans., 1705 
 
 Dudley, Paul, 1675-1751, Chief Justice of Massa 
 
 chusetts, pub. 12 treatises on Nat Hist, Ac. in Phil. Trans. 
 
 1 720-35, and a theolog. essay against the Church of Rome 
 
 Dudley, Robert, 1532F-1588, Earl of Leicester, son 
 
 o John, Duke of Northumberland, and a favourite of 
 Queen Elizabeth. Speeches; preserved in the Cabala, 
 ~trype's Annals, and Peck's Desiderata Curiosa. Lawes 
 nd Ordinances, Lon., 4to. See Secret Memoirs of the 
 }arl of Leicester, 1706, 8vo; His Life, 1727, 8vo; Secret 
 Memoirs of Queen Elizabeth, 1706, 8vo. 
 
 Dudley, Sir Robert, 1573-1639, son of the preced- 
 
 ng, by the Lady Douglas Sheffield, lived in great magni- 
 
 icence at his castle in Florence, where he ended his days. 
 
 foyage to the Isle of Trinidad ; see Hakluy t's Voyages, p. 
 
 '74,1598. Catholicon. A Proposition ; see Rushworth's 
 
 Collections. Del 1'Arcano del Mere, 1636, '46, fol. j 1661. 
 
 Dudley, Sir Wm. His Case, fol. 
 
 Duer, John, LL.D., 1782-1858, an eminent jurist, a 
 
 native of Albany, N.Y. His publications are : 1. A Lecture 
 
 m the Law of Representations in Marine Insurances, with 
 
 ^fotes and Illustrations, N. York, 1844, pp. 256. Mr. Ar- 
 
 lould praises this work as " vigorous, learned, and original." 
 
 Arnould on Mar. Ins., Lon., 1848, vol. i. 489, note.) 
 
 2. The Law and Practice of Marine Insurance deduced 
 rom a critical examination of adjudged cases, the nature 
 
 and analogies of the subject, and the general usage of 
 ommercial nations, vol. i., pp. 775, N. York, 1845 ; vol. ii., 
 >p. 808, N. York, 1846, 8vo. A full review and critical 
 malysis of this elaborate work, from the pen of Professor 
 tfoore of the University of Edinburgh, will be found in the 
 Jondon Magazine and Quarterly Review of Jurisprudence, 
 or November, 1848. The writer says : 
 
 " We are confident that this work of Dr. Duer on the important 
 contract of Marine Insurance will not suffer by a comparison with 
 the writings of any other jurist. It is, so far as it has gone, the 
 most complete and able treatise on the subject which has ever ap 
 peared in our language." 
 
 3. A Discourse on the Life, Character, and Public Ser- 
 ices of James Kent, late Chancellor of the State of New 
 
 York, delivered by request before the Judiciary and Bar of 
 the City and State of N. York, April 12, 1848 : N. York, 
 D. Appleton & Co., 1848. 
 "A most able and interesting eulogy." W. C. BRYANT. 
 
 4. Reports of Cases argued and determined in the Supe 
 rior Court of the City of N. York ; vol. v. Mr. Duer was 
 one of the revisers of the laws of New York ; and in con 
 junction with his colleagues, the Hon. Benjamin F. Butler 
 and the Hon. John C. Spencer, has published three editions 
 of the Revised Statutes of that State. He was Chief-Jus 
 tice of the Superior Court of the city of New York, and 
 official reporter of its decisions, at the time of his death. 
 
 Duer, William Alexander, 1780-1858, brother of 
 the preceding. Their father was Col. Wm. Duer, a pro 
 minent delegate to the Continental Congress, and their 
 mother was a daughter of Lord Stirling, of the Revolution. 
 Both brothers occupied a high position in their native 
 State. They died within a few weeks of each other. He 
 was the author of two pamphlets addressed to Cadwallader 
 D. Golden on the Steamboat Controversy. 
 
 Dufay. Oil of Olives as a Cure for the Bite of Vipers : 
 Phil. Trans., 1738. 
 
 Duff, A. Feudal Rights, Edin., 1838, 8vo. Deeds, 
 chiefly affecting Movables, 1840, 8vo. Comment on Re 
 cent Stat. in Conveyancing, 1847, 8vo. 
 
 Duff, Alexander, D.D., b. 1808, Perthshire, Scot 
 land, of the Free Church of Scotland Mission, Calcutta, 
 Missions the Chief End of the Christian Church, Edin., 
 1839, 18mo. On India and India Missions, 1839, 8vo. 
 
 "India and India Missions will doubtless take a high place in 
 the Christian literature not merely of the day but of the age, and 
 greatly extend the missionary spirit and zeal of the country. 
 Guardian. See also Presbyterian Review. 
 
 The Jesuits : their Origin, <fec. j 2d ed., 1845, 8vo'. Mis 
 sionary Addresses, 1850, fp. 8vo. Addresses at the Assem. 
 of the Free Church, 1851, fp. 8vo. Other works on Missions. 
 The Indian Rebellion : its Causes and Results, 1858, 8vo. 
 
 Duff, James Grant. A Hist of the Mahrattas, Lon., 
 1826, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Besides the records of the Mahratta Governments of Poona 
 and Satara, and those of the English East India Company, the 
 authorities for this work are from a great variety of authentic- 
 sources, hitherto inaccessible to the public." 
 
 Duff, P. North American Accountant, N. York, 8vo. 
 A comprehensive and valuable work. 
 
 Duff, Rev. W. Original Genius, 1767, 8vo. Criti 
 cisms on Poetry, 1770, 8vo. History of Rhedi. Letters, 
 1807, 8vo. 
 
 Duff, Wm. His Case, 1739, 8vo. Hist, of Scotland 
 from Robert Bruce to James VI., Lon., 1750, fol. 
 
 Dufferin, Lady, granddaughter of Richard Brinsley 
 Sheridan, and sister of the Hon. Mrs. Norton, has written 
 many popular songs and ballads, of which the Irish Emi 
 grant's Lament is the best known. 
 
DUF 
 
 Dufferin, Lord. Letters from High Latitudes : being ' 
 some account of a Yacht- Voyage to Iceland, Jan Mayen, j 
 and Spitzbergen in 1856, Lon., cr. 8vo. Highly commended. ; 
 
 Duffett, Thomas. New Poems, Songs, Prologues, 
 and Epilogues, Lon., 1 676, 8vo. See a list of his plays in 
 Biog. Dramat. He ridiculed Dryden, Shadwell, and Settle. 
 
 " A vein of scurrility and personal ill-nature is apparent." 
 
 Duffie, C. R. Serins, for Children, N. York, 18mo. | 
 Serms., 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Duifield, George, 1732-1790, a Presbyterian minister 
 of Philadelphia. Tour with Mr. Beatty along the frontiers 
 
 DUG 
 
 was solemnly created Garter principal king-at-arms. The 
 next day, much against his will, the king conferred upon 
 him the honour of knighthood. To this step Charles II. 
 was no doubt incited by gratitude, as much as by the ex 
 traordinary merits of the antiquary, for Dugdale had been 
 one of the most devoted adherents of Charles I. We pro 
 ceed to notice his principal works: 1. Monasticon Angli- 
 canum, Londini, 1655, '61, '73, 3 vols. fol. Vols. i. and ii. 
 were collected and written by Roger Dodsworth, but ar 
 ranged, supplied with indexes, and corrected through the 
 press, by Dugdale. Dodsworth died before the tenth part 
 
 
 lenarianism Defended, 16mo. Fugitive Discourses on 
 
 of Episcopal edit., abridged, in English, was pub. in 1718, fol., and two 
 nrinn nnd Pprnphiitv of I additional vols., entitled The History of the Ancient Ab- 
 9**Pf. \ beyg> Monasteries, Hospitals, Cathedrals, and Collegiate 
 Churches, were pub. in 1722, '23, fol., by Capt. John Ste 
 vens. Mr. Peck announced a fourth vol. as nearly ready 
 in 1735, (never pub.,) and left some MS. vols. in 4to, now 
 in the British Museum. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, 
 and Ayscough's Catalogue, vol. i., p. 55-67. A new edit, 
 of the Monasticon, considerably enlarged and improved 
 by John Caley, Henry Ellis, and the Rev. B. Bandinel,D.D., 
 
 Bishops Examined, 
 
 the Christian Sabbath, 16mo. Contributor to the Biblical 
 
 Repository, Presbyterian Mag., Ac. 
 
 Duifield, John. Singular conduct of Sir W. Lewes, 
 8vo. 
 
 Dufief, N. G. Nature Displayed in teaching French, 
 19th ed., Lon., 1841, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 21st ed., Phila,, 2 vols. 
 8vo; Spanish, 1826, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "The greatest merit of Mr. Dufief s system is, in our P on > its j w " ag b> in 54 parts ", 1817-30, at 141 Us.', on imp. fol., 
 being so perfectly adapted to_English people. -Lon. *%*?^_ large paper, proofs, 283 10*. Re-issue, 1846, 8 vols. fol., 
 
 31 10s. ; in 1849 at 20. pr. part. Pub. as Coney's Archi 
 tecture of the Middle Ages, in parts, containing 12 plates, 
 at one guinea each. The new edit., 1817-30, (again, 1846, 
 fee.) of the Monasticon, contains 241 views of ecclesiasti 
 cal edifices Monasteries, Abbeys, Priories, Ac. engraved 
 by Coney after the originals by Hollar and King. 
 
 "Cette edit, renferme toute la substance de la continuation de 
 Stevens, d'autres augmentations et les notes ' des editeurs ; en 
 outre, beaucoup de nouvelles figures sont ajoutSes aux anciennes, 
 que Ton a copiees avec exactitude. Tels sont les avantages qui la 
 font preferer aux premieres edit." BRUNET : Manuel, &c. 
 
 "This NEW EDITION is the only one which can be hereafter con 
 sulted for information, or quoted for authority, on subjects con 
 nected with Church History and Ecclesiastical Property. . . It may 
 be honestly avowed that the annals of the Press, in no country 
 
 The Mission of Intellect, a Poem, delivered j throughout Europe, can boast of a nobler performance; whether 
 i 20 1852 The Gospel of La- ' on the score of accuracy and fulnessof intelligence, orof splendour 
 of paper, type, and graphic embellishments." JXbdiri's Library 
 Companion. 
 To give some idea of the vast expense of the new edit., 
 
 Pronouncing Fr. and Eng. Diet., new ed., 1847, p. 8vo. 
 
 Dufour, Alex. Letter resp. the Naval Pillar, 1799. 
 
 Dufour, W. Diseases of the Urinary Passages, <fcc., 
 Lon., 1794, 1801, '08, 8vo. Cure of Rupture, 8vo. 
 
 Dufton, Wm. Deafness and Diseases of the Ear, 
 Lon., 1844. 12mo. Amer. ed., Phila., 1848, 12mo. 
 
 Duganne, Augustine J. H.,born 1823, in the city 
 of Boston, is the author of many contributions to our na 
 tional literature, both in verse and prose. 
 
 " Of the former he has pub. : Home Poems, Ticknor, Bos 
 ton, 1844, 18mo. The Iron Harp, Philada., 1847, 18mo. 
 The Lydian Queen, a Tragedy, produced at the Walnut St. 
 Theatre, Phila., 1848. MDCCCXLVIIL, or the Year of the 
 People, 1849. Parnassus in Pillory, a Satire,Adriance & Co, 
 N.York, 1851. ' 
 
 i, delivered before Mercantile Library, N. York, 
 1853. The True Republic; delivered in N. York, 1854, 
 Poetical Works, Phila., 1856, 8vo; illustrated; the first 
 
 complete collection of his poems. Prose-Writings : a series 
 
 ' 
 
 we need only mention that the cost of drawing and en 
 graving the plates was six THOUSAND GUINEAS ! 
 
 of critiques on contemporary authors, published in Sartain'a " Qf t e va f ue of this great wor ] c i t wou ld be difficult to 
 
 Magazine under the title of 'Revised Leaves:' several k in terms of exaggeration: 
 
 Dramas, twenty or thirty Novelettes and Romances, and j Next to Doomsday Book, it is the most ancient and ample re- 
 
 a large number of papers upon a variety of subjects, under cord of the history and descent of the greatest portion of the landed 
 
 various noms deplume, in the different magazines and jour- J property of this c^untrjs and has-been admitted as evidence in^a 
 
 nals of the day." We subjoin a criticism from the pen of 
 
 Wm. H. Burleigh : 
 
 " Mr. Duganne's lyrical powers are characterized by a nervous 
 energy, a generous sympathy with humanity, a wonderful com 
 mand of language, and an ardent hatred of wrong and oppression 
 in all their forms. These poems we have read with a keen delight 
 and a growing admiration of their author's genius. They have a 
 distinct character of their own and are evidently the strong, un 
 restrained, and indignant utterances of a bold spirit, deeply pene 
 trated with a love for its kind, and intolerant of all despotisms." 
 
 Dugard, Samuel. Theolog. treatises, 1673, '87. 
 
 Dugard, Thomas. Death and the Grave, 164$. 
 
 Dugard, Wm., 1605-1662, an eminent schoolmaster, 
 pub. a Greek Lexicon and other educational works, 1660, Ac. 
 
 Dugdale, Gilbert. The Time Triumphant, or the 
 Arrival of King James into England, Lon., 1604, 4to. 
 
 Dugdale, Sir John, son of Sir William Dugdale. A 
 Catalogue of the Nobility of England according to Prece 
 dencies, Lon., 1685, a single folio sheet; reprinted with 
 addits. in 1690. 
 
 Dugdale, Richard. Wicked Plots carried on by 
 Seignior Genelamon, 1679, Ac. 
 
 Dugdale, Stephen. His Information at the Bar of 
 Commons, 1680, fol. 
 
 Dugdale, Sir William, 1605-1686, one of the most 
 distinguished of the many learned antiquaries of whom 
 England can boast, was a native of Shustoke, near Coles- 
 hill, Warwickshire. He was educated at the free-school 
 of Coventry, and afterwards instructed in civil law and 
 history by his father. In 1638 he settled in London, and 
 formed an acquaintance with several noted antiquaries, 
 whose influence promoted his taste for the departments 
 of learning in which they delighted. By the aid of Sir 
 Henry Spelman he was created a pursuivant-at-arms ex 
 traordinary, by the name of Blanch Lyon; in 1640 was 
 made Rouge-Croix-pursuivant in ordinary, and in 1677 
 
 rian and historical character, but one which has a more solid claim 
 to THEIR NOTICE. By its means they are frequently enabled to set 
 tle, without employing the costly machinery of the law, disputed 
 questions respecting the property of the Church; and a reference 
 to a very copious index added by the Editors to the Work, will 
 show at once that there is scarcely a single parish which is not 
 mentioned in its pages. 
 
 "The Clergy, the Lawyer, the Antiquary, the Historian, the 
 Architect, and Topographer, as well as the possessor of real pro 
 perty, will find the MONASTICON ANOLICANUM one of the most inte 
 resting and indispensable works that has ever issued from the press 
 of this country." 
 
 The reader will find some valuable remarks on this work, 
 and many interesting particulars respecting the author, in 
 The Life, Diary, and Correspondence of Dugdale, by Wm. 
 Hamper, 1827, r. 4to. 
 
 2. The Antiquities of Warwickshire, 1656, fol. This 
 work was the result of twenty years' indefatigable research. 
 
 "It must stand at the head of all our county histories." GOUGU. 
 
 " There are works which scrupulous accuracy, united with stub 
 born integrity, has elevated to the rank of legal evidences ; such 
 is Dugdale's Warwickshire." DR. WHITAKER. 
 
 Second edit., revised, augmented, and continued by Wm. 
 Thomas, D.D., 1730, 2 vols. fol. 
 
 Mr. Gough charges Dr. Thomas with being careless in 
 his authorities, and giving himself very little pains to ob 
 tain information. The Antiquities of Warwickshire Hlus- 
 trated, Coventry, 1765, fol. This wretched affair was pub. 
 by a bookseller, who could not be punished by banishment 
 to Coventry, as he already graced that famous locality. 
 3. The History of St. Paul's Cathedral in London, from its 
 first foundation, Lon., 1658, fol. ; 2d edit., corrected by the 
 author's own hand, with autobiog. details, by Edward May- 
 nard, D.D., 1716, fol. New edit, with a continuation and 
 addit. matter, and some new plates, by Sir Henry Ellis, 
 1818, fol. This edit, is printed in double columns, and the 
 
DUG 
 
 DUN 
 
 Mississippi River; 
 celebrated Indian 
 
 plates, principally by W. Finden, are faithful copies from | Dugne, Charles Oscar, b. 1821, in New Orleans ; 
 the original The addit, plates are illustrations of the ' educated in Pans. 1 Essais Poetiques with a Preface 
 present cathedral. 4. The History of Imbanking and by A. Rouquette of Louisiana In 1850 he pub. two 
 Drayning of divers Ferns and Marshes, 1662, fol. This dramatic works, Mil* or The Death of La Salle on the 
 valuable work was published ! discoveries of the mouth of the 
 
 " At the instance of the Lord Gorges and others, who were the a ,nd Mmgo, or The Dying Swan, 
 principal adventurers in that costly and laudable undertaking lor Chief, 
 draining the great level extending into a considerable part ot the DuhiffC, Bart. King's Inn Remembrancer, Dubl. 
 countiel of Cambridge, Huntingdon, Northampton, Norfolk, and , 
 Suffolk." WOOD. 
 
 Second edit, revised and corrected, with three indexes, j 
 by Charles Nalson Cole, 1772, fol. 5. Origines Juridiciales ; 
 or Hist. Memoirs of the English Laws, Courts of Justice, ; 
 Forms of Trial, Ac., 1666, fol.; 2d edit, with addits. in 
 the Savoy, Lon., 1671, fol. j 3d edit., with addits., Lon., ; 
 
 1 " OurVrst inquiries after the History of the Laws of this king- ! 
 dom ou"ht to begin with the careful reading of Sir William Dug- 
 dale's Origines Juridiciales; which we shall find so accurately 
 penned and with so good a mixture of learning and judgment, 
 that 'twill almost do the work alone. I cannot give a better view 
 of this most elaborate treatise, than by telling the reader that it 
 fully answers its title-page.'' BISHOP NICOLSON: Eng. Hist. Lib. 
 
 6. Chronica Juridicialia, 1658, 8vo. A good abridgment 
 of the above. The compiler vr us faithful, in one sense at 
 least, for he transfers Sir William's materials by wholesale 
 to his own pages, at which unblushing piracy old Anthony 
 Wood waxes wroth : " Published," says he, "by some down 
 right plagiary, purposely to get a little money." 
 
 7. The Baronage of England, 1675, '76, 3 vols. in 2, fol. 
 " A work abounding in the most valuable information." KEV. 
 
 J. HUNTER: Hist, of HMamshire. 
 
 " A work which will exist to the latest age, as a monument of its 
 author's historical knowledge and antiquarian learning." 
 
 " The Baronage is distinguished by the most laborious research 
 and extraordinary accuracy, and confers honour upon its author." 
 SiR N. HARRIS NICOLAS. 
 
 8. Short View of the late Troubles in England, Oxf., 1681, 
 fol. 9. The Antient Usage in bearing of Arms, Oxf., 1682, 
 12mo; 1683, '85, '90. New edit, with addits. by T. C. 
 Banks, 1811, fol. 10. A Perfect Copy of all Summons of 
 the Nobility to the Great Councils and Parliaments of this 
 Realme, Lon., 1685, fol. Sir William also pub. a second 
 vol. of Sir Henry Spelrnau's Councils in 1664; John Sel- 
 den's Discourse concerning the office of Lord Chancellor 
 of England in 1672, fol.; and wrote part of the folio pub. 
 in 1716, fol., giving an account of a number of Cathedral 
 and Collegiate Churches. He was the chief promoter of 
 Soinner's Saxon Dictionary, Oxon., 1659, fol. We have 
 already referred the reader to Hamper's Life of Sir William 
 Dugdale : we also notice a life of him in the Heraldic Mis 
 cellanies, pub. by the Rev. James Dallaway ; another Life 
 from an original MS., 1713, 8vo, and letters between Dug 
 dale and Sir Thomas Browne in the posthumous works of 
 the latter, 1712, 8vo. We may appropriately conclude our 
 notice of this great man with the fervid eulogy of a Her 
 cules in the same field of research : 
 
 " What Dugdale hath done is prodigious. His memory ought 
 to be venerated and had in everlasting remembrance." ANTHONY 
 WOOD. 
 
 As an illustration of the term "prodigious," we may re 
 mark that Sir William left 27 folio MS. vols., written by 
 his own hand, to the University of Oxford; and these con 
 tain the collections for only two of his works, viz. : The 
 Antiquities of Warwickshire, and the Baronage of Eng 
 land. Of 16 other MS. vols., part of his legacy, some were 
 also in his own handwriting. These monuments of indus 
 try, learning, and research are now in the Bodleian Li 
 brary, the Heralds' College, and the Ashmolean Museum. 
 Sir William's daughter" was married to the famous Elias 
 Ashmole: of this learned antiquary, and his widow, we 
 have already discoursed at length on a preceding page. 
 See ASHMOLE, ELIAS. 
 
 If any of our countrymen who are not generally sup 
 posed to feel the most lively interest in the records of the 
 past, save as they pertain to the title-deeds and other secu 
 rities of real estate feel inclined to blame us for lingering 
 long over the names of the Ashmoles, the Carndens, the 
 Goughs, and the Nicholses, of whom a utilitarian age is 
 not worthy, we shall commend to their meditations the fol 
 lowing true maxim, with the hope of a profitable result: 
 
 " A contempt for antiquity is rightly considered as the mark of a 
 mean and narrow intellect, of an uneducated and illiberal mind.'' 
 Where would have been the history, the art, the philoso- 
 
 1805, 8vo. Hist of the King's Inns, 1807, 8vo. 
 
 Duhring, Henry, M.D. Art of Living, Lon., 1843, 
 p. 8vo. Remarks on the United States, 1843, p. 8vo. Es 
 says on Human Happiness, 1848, fp. 8vo. 
 
 ' Happy is life, when sound health, pure feelings, rational 
 thoughts, and noble deeds combine to exalt its earthly course. 
 Then man reveals in himself the image of the Deity, and his 
 home becomes a Paradise." 
 
 Duigeiian, Patrick, 1735-1816, an Irish civilian, 
 M.P. for Old Leighlin, and afterwards for Armagh. La- 
 chrymae Academicae. Political pamphlets and Speeches, 
 1786-1810. 
 
 I) nil Her, N. F. Latitude at Sea, 1708. 
 Duke, Rev. Edward. Prolusiones Historicae, or 
 Essays illustrative of the Halle of John Halle of Salisbury, 
 Salisb., 1837, 8vo; vol. i.; all pub. 
 
 " We have never encountered any antiquarian disquisitions that 
 were so amusing, delightful, and instructive." Lon. Monthly Rev. 
 Druidical Temples of the county of Wilts,Lon.,1846,12mo. 
 " His collections on the literature of Wiltshire are nowhere sur 
 passed." Salisbury Journal. 
 
 Duke, Francis. Free Grace, 1655, '56, 4to. 
 Duke, George. The Law of Charitable Uses, with 
 the learned readings of Sir Francis Moore, Lon., 1676, fol. 
 "It was always considered as a standard authority upon this 
 branch of the law." Bridg. Leg. Bibl. 
 
 After being neglected for more than a century, this work 
 was revived and continued by Mr. R. W. Bridgman, Lon., 
 1805, 8vo. 
 
 Duke, Richard, d. 1711, Prebendary of Gloucester, 
 was educated at, and Fellow of, Trinity College, Cambridge. 
 He was intimate with Otway, engaged with some others in 
 the translations of Ovid and Juvenal, and wrote a number 
 of poems. 
 
 " In his Review, though unfinished, are some vigorous lines. 
 His poems are not below mediocrity ; nor have I found much in 
 them to be praised." Dr. Johnson's Life, of Duke. 
 
 Serin., 1703; two serms., 1704; fifteen, 1714, 8vo. 
 " In his sermons, besides liveliness of wit, purity and correctness 
 of style, and justness of argument, we see many fine allusions to 
 the ancients, several beautiful passages handsomely incorporated 
 in the train of his own thoughts ; and, to say all in a word, classic 
 learning and a Christian spirit." DR. II. FEI.TON, on Reading th* C 
 Duke, R. T. W., and Francis H. Smith. Ame 
 rican Statistical Arithmetic, Phila. See SMITH, FRANCIS H. 
 Duke, Wm. Lectures on the Sacraments, 1789. 
 Dulaney, Daniel. Considerations on the Policy of 
 imposing taxes in the Brit. Colonies, Lon., 1766, 8vo. 
 DnmbeU, John. Mathemat. treatises, 1808, '09. 
 Dummer, Jeremiah, d. 1729, a native of Boston, 
 wrote several theolog. treatises, a defence of the New Eng 
 land Charters, Lon., 1728, 8vo, and 1766 ; and a Letter to 
 a Noble Lord concerning the expedition to Canada, 1712. 
 I )ii in on, Win. Cantus; The Former Book of the Mu- 
 sick of William Dumon, 1591, 4to. 
 Dun, Lord. See ERSKINE, DAVID. 
 Dun, Barclay. Quadrilles, 1818. 
 Dun, James. Serrn., Edin., 1792, 8vo. 
 Dun, John. Serms., Kilm., 1790, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Dunbar, David. Covenants, Lon., 1646. 
 Dunbar, George, 1774-1851, appointed Professor of 
 Greek in the University of Edinburgh, 1805, discharged 
 the duties of this post until within a few months of his 
 death. He pub. a number of useful educational works, 
 1812-44, the principal of which is his Greek-English and 
 English-Greek Lexicon, the fruit of eight years' laborious 
 application, 1840, 8vo; 3d ed., 1853, 8vo. The following 
 commendation of a distinguished Grecian must have been 
 highly gratifying to Professor Dunbar: 
 
 'My Dear Lord: I am greatly obliged to you for having per 
 mitted me to see Professor Dunbar's Greek Lexicon. It is infinitely 
 the best work which I have ever seen. It has already been of great 
 service to me, who, as you know, am an humble but a most ardent 
 votary of Greek literature. It will tend more to extend the study 
 of Greek than any work now extant." T/ie Marquis of Wdlegley to 
 Lord Brougham, August 17, 1841. 
 Dunbar, James, LL.D., Prof, of Philos. in the Univ. 
 
 phy, of past ages, had there been no provident conserva- O f Aberdeen. Essays on the Hist, of Mankind in rude 
 tors, wise for all generations, to transmit these precious and uncultivated Ages, Lon., 1781, 8vo; 2ded., with addits., 
 relics to their descendants? j 1/7-32 8vo. 
 
 Duginore, Thomas. Manor of Milbourne, 1800,8vo. "A very 'ingenious book." DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 Dugud, Patrick, M.D. Convulsive Disorder; Med. i Dunbar, John. Epigram uiatuin, Lon., 1616, 8vo. 
 Com., 1777. Virtue of the Wild Cabbage; Ess. Phys. and > Dunbar, William, 1465P-1530, a native of Salton, 
 Med., 1760. , East Lothian, Scotland, was educated at the University 
 
DUN 
 
 DUN 
 
 of St. Andrew's, and afterwards, becoming a Franciscan 
 friar, travelled in Scotland, England, and France, as a 
 mendicant preacher. He was subsequently employed in a 
 diplomatic capacity by James IV., and resided at his court 
 in receipt of a pension. Of his poems but little was known 
 until the beginning of the last century, when many of them 
 were printed from the MSS. in which they had long re 
 posed. Some of his pieces had been pub. by Chapman 
 and Millar in 1508. Thirty of Dunbar's productions are 
 to be found in the Ancient Scottish Poems, pub. from the 
 MS. of George Bannatyne. In 1834 a complete edit, of 
 his works was pub. by David Laing. He excels both in 
 moral and humorous poetry ; and is peculiarly happy in en 
 listing allegory in the advocacy of truth. His principal 
 allegorical poems are, The Thistle and Rose, The Dance 
 of the Seven Deadly Sins through Hell, and The Golden 
 Terge. The Twa Married Women and the Widow exhibits 
 a specimen not the most delicate in the world of his 
 vein of humour. Whether the Friars of Berwick be really 
 his, seems matter of some doubt. The Merle and Night 
 ingale may be cited as a poem of great merit. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott declares that Dunbar is " unrivalled by 
 any poet that Scotland has yet produced," and Mr. Ellis 
 also styles him the " greatest poet that Scotland has pro 
 duced." This is surely high praise. For an elaborate 
 review of Dunbar's poetry, we must refer the reader to 
 Warton's Hist, of English Poetry. See also Biog. Brit. ; 
 Pinkerton's Ancient Scottish Poets; Lives of the Scottish 
 Poets. Warton remarks, after an examination of the 
 Daunce : 
 
 "I have been prolix in my citations and explanations of this 
 poem, because I am of opinion that the imagination of Dunbar is 
 not less suited to satirical than to sublime allegory; and that he 
 is the first poet who has appeared with any degree of spirit in this 
 way of writing since Piers Plowman. His Thistle and Rose and 
 Golden Terge are generally mentioned as his capital works, but 
 the natural complexion of his genius is of the moral and didactic 
 cast." Hist, of English Poetry. 
 
 But Mr. Pinkerton thinks that this judgment must not 
 be taken too strictly : 
 
 " The Goldin Terge is moral ; and so are many of his small pieces : 
 but humour, description, allegory, great practical genius, and a 
 vast wealth of words, all unite to form the complexion of Dun- 
 bar's poetry. He unites in himself, and generally surpasses, the 
 qualities of the chief old English poets; the morals and satire of 
 Langland; Chaucer's humour, poetry, and knowledge of life; the 
 allegory of Gower ; the description of Lydgate." Scottish Poets. 
 
 The Golden Terge, though moral in its design, is a pa 
 rody on the Popish litanies; surely an unfit subject for 
 such a purpose. 
 
 Mr. Ellis unites in the general commendation of Dun- 
 bar's poetry : 
 
 "Dunbar's peculiar excellence is much good sense and sound 
 morality, expressed with force and conciseness. His style, whether 
 grave or humorous, whether simple or ornamented, is always 
 energetic; and though all his compositions cannot be expected to 
 possess equal merit, we seldom find in them a weak or redundant 
 stanza." Specimens of Early English Poetry. 
 _ Dunbar, Wm., d. 1810, at his seat at Natchez, Mis 
 sissippi, was distinguished for his acquisitions in Astronomy 
 and Natural Science. He was a member of the American 
 Philosophical Society of Philadelphia, and contributed 
 some pages to its Transactions ; see vol. vi. : Signs among 
 Indians; Meteor. Observ., 1800; Description of the Mis 
 sissippi. 
 
 Duncan, Alexander, D.D. Infidelity, Edin., 1774, 
 12mo. Hist, of the Revolution, 1688, 1790, 8vo. Devout 
 Communicant's Assist., Berwick, 1792, 8vo. Essays, Ed'in.. 
 1799, 8vo. 
 
 Duncan, Andrew. Grammatica Latina, Edin., 1595, 
 8vo. Rudimenta Pietatis, 1595, 16mo. Studiorum Pueri- 
 lium Clavis, 1597, 8vo. 
 
 Duncan, Andrew, M.D., 1745-1828, a native of 
 Edinburgh, delivered clinical lectures in the University of 
 that^city, and afterwards private courses for fourteen years, 
 on t'ae theory and practice of medicine. He pub. several 
 professional treatises, a list of which will be found in Watt's 
 Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Duncan, Andrew, Jr., M.D. Edinburgh New Dis 
 pensatory, Edin., 1803, 8vo ; 1804, '08, '18. Other profess, 
 publications. 
 
 Duncan,Archibald,R.N. Mariner's Chronicle, 1804. 
 Brit. Trident; register of Naval Actions, 1805, 4 vols. 
 
 Duncan, Daniel, 1649-1735, an eminent physician, 
 a native of Languedoc, died in London. He was the au 
 thor of Explication nouvelle et mechanique des Actions 
 Animales, Paris, 1678; La Chymie Naturelle, 1681, 8vo; 
 and some other works. 
 
 Duncan, Daniel, D.D., d. 1761, son of the preced 
 ing, wrote Collects upon some of the Articles, 1754, and 
 some other theolog. treatises. 
 34 
 
 Duncan, Francis, M.D. Bowels, 1801, 8vo. 
 
 Duncan, Henry, D.D., founder of Savings -Banks. 
 Essays on the Advantages of Savings -Banks, Lon., 1816, 
 8vo. Cottage Fireside, new ed., Edin., 1839, 18mo. Sacred 
 Philosophy of the Seasons, Edin., 1836, '37, 4. vols. sm. 
 8vo; new ed., 1853, 12mo. 
 
 "We know of no work more simple in its teachings, and of none 
 that collects more glory about the revolving months than this." 
 Lon. Spectator. 
 
 See Memoir of Dr. Duncan by his son, Rev. J. G. Dun 
 can, 1848, 12mo; new ed., 1853. 
 
 Duncan, James. The Scotch History, Glasg., 1805, 
 12mo ; 3d ed., by his grandson, James Duncan, 1816; 4th 
 ed., 1819. 
 
 Duncan, James F. Popular Errors on the subject 
 of Insanity examined and exposed, Lon., 1853, fp. 8vo. 
 
 Duncan, John, D.D. Essay on Happiness, a Poem. 
 Serms. and theolog. treatises, 1769-1803. 
 
 Dnncan, John. Weaving, Glasg., 1808, 8vo. 
 
 Duncan, Rev. John, LL.D. Declaration against 
 the Pope's Supremacy, by K.Edward VI.; repub., Lon., 
 1810, 8vo. 
 
 Duncan, John. Essay on Genius, or the Philos. of 
 Literature, Edin., 1814, 8vo. Philos. of Human Nature; 
 Origin of Evil, 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Duncan, John M. Travels through part of the U. 
 States and Canada, 1818, '19, Glasg., 1823, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 Dedicated to Professor Silliman of Yale College. Sabbath 
 among the Tuscaroras. 
 
 Duncan, John Shute. Botano-Theology, an ar 
 ranged Compendium, Oxf., 1825, 8vo; 2d ed., 1826. 
 
 " An exceeding pleasant and interesting book." Lowndes's Brit. 
 Lib. 
 
 Duncan, Jonathan. Prosecutions for Religious 
 Opinions, Lon., 8vo. Religions of Profane Antiquity, 
 1838, fp. 8vo. 
 
 " A very complete key to the old systems of heathenism, as de 
 veloped especially in Greece and Rome." Lon. Monthly Rev.; and 
 see Lon. Spectator. 
 
 Dukes of Normandy, from Rollo to the Expulsion of 
 King John, 1839, 12mo. 
 
 " A useful supplement to the ordinary histories of England." 
 Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 And see Lon. Parthenon, Examiner, and New Monthly 
 Magazine. 
 
 Trans, of Felix Bodin's Summaries of the Hist, of Eng 
 land and France, 1840, 2 vols. 18mo. 
 
 " A very accurate view of the constitutional history of England." 
 Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 Religious Wars of France, 1840, fp. 8vo. 
 
 " Well written and concise ; its dates exact and well placed." 
 Lon. Courier. 
 
 Hist, of Guernsey, with Notes on Jersey, 1842, 8vo. 
 
 Duncan, Mrs. M. G. L. Memoir of G. A. Lundie, 
 18mo; of Geo. B. Philips, 18mo; of Mary Lundie Duncan, 
 4th ed., 1845, fp. 8vo. 
 
 " A most sweetly-drawn picture, that cannot be too extensively 
 contemplated." Lon. Christian Ladies' Mag. 
 
 The Children of the Manse, 18mo. America as I found 
 it, 16mo. 
 
 " A very readable book." Advocate and Guardian. 
 
 Duncan, Mark, d. 1640, a Scottish physician, an an 
 cestor of the preceding Dr. Daniel Duncan, was principal 
 of the Calvinists' College at Saumur. His best-known 
 work is Institutiones Logicae, libri quinque, Salmurii. 
 1612, 8vo. 
 
 "This work is much commended by Burgersdicius and others. 
 Joseph Scaliger also mentions our author in a manner which seems 
 to indicate no common respect. Speaking of the west of Scotland, 
 he particularizes it as the district which produced Duncan and 
 Buchanan; and Tomasinus (Parnassus Euganeus, p. 8) classes 
 him among the distinguished literary characters of the age." 
 
 Duncan, Mark, or Cerisantes, d. 1648, a son of 
 the preceding, wrote some poetical pieces pub. in miscella 
 neous collections, the most remarkable of which is Carmen 
 gratulatorium in nuptias Caroli R. Ang. cum Henrietta 
 Maria filiS, Henrici IV. R. Fr. 
 
 Duncan, Mrs. Mary Lundie. Rhymes for my 
 Children, Lon., 32mo. For a notice of a Memoir of Mrs. 
 M. L. Duncan, see DUNCAN, MRS. M. G. L. 
 
 Duncan, Robert, 1699-1729, a native of Edinburgh, 
 minister of Tilly coul try, 1728. An Exposition of the Epistle 
 to the Hebrews, Edin., 1731, 8vo; new ed., 1844, 8vo. 
 
 " It may be considered rather as an abridgment of Owen on the 
 Hebrews, than as an original work. It is not, indeed, a professed 
 abridgment; but it everywhere shows the use that the author 
 made of that elaborate and useful work." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Duncan, Wm. Physiologia, Tolos., 1651, 4to. 
 
 Duncan, Wm. Kings of Scotland, Glasg., 1722. 8vo. 
 
 Duncan, Wm., 1717-1760, a native of Aberdeen, Prof, 
 of Philos. in the Marischal College, 1752, trans, the select 
 orations of Cicero, (1777,) and Caesar's Commentaries, 1752, 
 
DUN 
 
 DUN 
 
 fol.; also in 2 vols. 8vo ; often reprinted. His work entitled 
 Elements of Logic was pub. in 1748, and the 6th ed., 1770, 
 Lon., 12mo. 
 
 Duncan, Wm. Syntax, Ac. of Greek, 1812, 8vo. 
 Duncan, Wm. New and improved edit, of A. Dick 
 inson's Greek Testament, Edin., 1830, 12mo. 
 
 " Mr. Duncan has annexed a copious selection of the most im 
 portant of Griesbach's various readings and emendations, which 
 appear to have been made with great care." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Duncombe, Giles. Tryals per pais, or the Law of 
 England concerning Juries by Nisi Prius, &c., Lon., 1682, 
 8vo; 8th ed., with addits., 1766, 2 vols. 8vo; 9th ed., Dubl., 
 1793, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Duncombe, Henry J. Serm., Lon., 1837, 8vo. 
 Dnncombe, John, 1730-1785, Vicar of Herne. Three 
 Serms., 1776. The Feminead, 1754. Trans, of Select 
 Works of the Emperor Julian, <fcc., 1784, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "The Philosophical Fable which Julian composed under the 
 name of the Caesars, is one of the most agreeable and instructive 
 productions of ancient wit." GIBBON. 
 
 The Hist, and Antiq. of Reculver and Herne; princi 
 pally written by J. D. It forms the 18th No. of the Bibl. 
 Top. Brit. Mr. D. contributed to the Gent. Mag. for twenty 
 years, under the signature of Crito, <fcc. He pub. and edited 
 several other works. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Duncombe, Mrs. John, wife of the preceding, d. 
 1812, wrote the story of Fidelia and Honoria in the Adven 
 turer, contributed to the Poetical Calendar and Nichols's 
 Poems, and in 1808 pub. a novel entitled The Village Gen 
 tleman and the Attorney-at-Law. 
 
 Duncombe, John, inventor of the Dendrometer. 
 Treatise upon the Dendrometer, Lon., 1769, 8vo ; 1771, 8vo. 
 -Conjointly with Thos. Whittell, The Antiq. of Blchborough 
 and Reculver, abridged from the Latin of Archdeacon Bot- 
 tely, 1774, 12mo. New Arithmet. Dictionary, 1774, 8vo. 
 
 Duncombe, Wm., 1690-1769, father of the first- 
 named John Duncombe, is best known by his trans, of 
 Horace, made in conjunction with his son, pub. in 2 vols. 
 8vo, 1757-59. He made some other trans, from the Latin 
 and French, collected Archbishop Herring's sermons, and 
 pub. several other poetical, political, historical, and theolog. 
 works. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Duncon, Eleaz. De Adoratione Dei versus Altare 
 Determinatio Cantab, habita, anno 1633, '60, 8vo. 
 
 Duncon, John. Life and Death of Lady Falkland, 
 1048, 12mo. See Gibbon's Memoirs of Pious Women. 
 Duncon, Samuel. Political tracts, 1652-59. 
 Duncumb, John. Serms., 1796/97. Pasture Lands, 
 1801, 8vo. Hist, and Antiq. of Herefprd, 1804-12, 2 vols. 
 4to. The only hist, of this county pub. Agricult. and 
 Rural Economy of Herefordshire, 1805, 8vo. 
 
 Dundas, Sir David, General R. A., 1735P-1820, a 
 distinguished officer, in 1809 succeeded the Duke of York 
 as Commander-in-chief. Principles of Military Movements, 
 chiefly applied to Infantry, Lon., 1788, 4to. Adopted and 
 printed as Rules and Regulations for his Majesty's Forces. 
 General Dundas also planned the Rules and Regulations 
 for the Cavalry. 
 
 Dundas, lit. Hon. Henry, Lord Viscount Mel 
 ville, 1741P-1811, First Lord of the Admiralty, &c. 
 Speeches, Letters, and Opinions upon Politics, the Slave- 
 Trade, and East India Trade; pub. separately, 1794, '96, 
 1800, '13. 
 
 Dundas, James, M.D. Ed. Med. Ess., 1733. 
 Dundas, John. Abridgt. of the Acts of the General 
 Assem. of the Ch. of Scot., 1638-1720, Edin., 1721, 8vo. 
 Processes against J. Simpson, 1728, 8vo. 
 Dundonald, Earl of. See COCHRANE, ALEX. 
 Dungal, a celebrated astronomer of the 9th century, 
 supposed to have been a native of Ireland, emigrated to 
 France, where he died. A long letter of his to Charlemagne, 
 in answer to some queries of that monarch respecting two 
 eclipses of the sun, will be found in D'Acheri's Spicilegium, 
 vol. iii., 324, of the fol., and vol. x. of the 4to edit. A De 
 fence of Images, 1608, 8vo ; also in the Biblioth. Max. Patr., 
 xiv. 196. He wrote some poetical pieces, one of which is 
 in a collection pub. by Martene and Durand, 1729. 
 
 Dunglison, Robley, M.D., LL.D., a distinguished 
 benefactor to Medical Science and Literature, and one of 
 the most popular authors of the day, was born in 1798, in 
 Keswick, Cumberland county, England. He commenced 
 the practice of medicine in London in 1819; Professor of 
 Medicine in the University of Virginia, 1824-33 ; Profes 
 sor of Materia Medica, Therapeutics, Ac. in the University 
 of Maryland, 1833-36 ; Professor of the Institutes of Medi 
 cine and Medical Jurisprudence in Jefferson Medical Col 
 lege, Philadelphia, from 1836 to the present time, (1858.) 
 Dr. D. is one of the vice-presidents of the American Philo- 
 630 
 
 sophical Society, and a member of numerous scientific and 
 iterary societies at home and abroad. We annex a list 
 of his many valuable contributions to medical science : 
 
 AUTHOR OP : 1. Commentaries on Diseases of the Stomach 
 and Bowels of Children, Lon., 1824, 8vo. 
 
 2. An Introduction to the Study of Grecian and Roman 
 Geography, by Geo. Long, Esq., and himself, Charlottes- 
 ville, 1829, 8vo; the Roman by Dr. D. 
 
 3. Human Physiology,with numerous illustrations, Phila., 
 1832, 2 vols. 8vo; 8th ed., 1856. 
 
 4. A new Dictionary of Medical Science and Literature, 
 containing a concise account of the various subjects and 
 terms, with the Synonymes in different languages, <fcc., 
 Boston, 1833, 2 vols. 8vo. The second and subsequent edi 
 tions were published in Philadelphia in one volume; 15th 
 edit, 1858. 
 
 5. On the Influence of Atmosphere and Locality, Change 
 of Air and Climate, Seasons, Food, Clothing, <fcc. on human 
 health, constituting Elements of Hygiene, Phila., 1835, 8vo. 
 The second edition was published under the title of Human 
 Health, <fcc., Phila., 1844, 8vo. 
 
 6. General Therapeutics, or Principles of Medical Prac 
 tice, with tables of the chief remedial agents and their 
 preparations, and of the different poisons and their anti 
 dotes, Phila., 1836, 8vo. To the second edition in two 
 volumes Materia Medica was added. The 6th edition was 
 published in 1857. In all the editions, except the first, 
 there were numerous illustrations. 
 
 7. The Medical Student, or Aids to the Study of Medicine, 
 including a glossary of the terms of the science, and of the 
 mode of prescribing, bibliographical notices of medical 
 works, the regulations of different medical colleges of the 
 Union, <fcc., Phila., 1837, 8vo; 2d edition, modified, Phila., 
 1844. 
 
 8. New Remedies; the method of preparing and admi 
 nistering them ; their effects on the healthy and diseased 
 economy, <fec., Phila., 1839, 8vo; 7th edit., 1856. 
 
 9. The Practice of Medicine, or a Treatise on Special 
 Pathology and Therapeutics, Phila., 1842, 2 vols. 8vo ; 3d 
 edit., 1848. 
 
 10. An Appeal to the People of Pennsylvania on the 
 subject of an Asylum for the Insane Poor of the Common 
 wealth, Phila., 1838, 8vo. 
 
 11. A Second Appeal on the same subject, Phila., 1840, 
 8vo. 
 
 12. A Public Discourse in Commemoration of Peter S. 
 Duponceau, LL.D., late President of the American Philo 
 sophical Society, delivered before the Society on the 25th 
 of October, 1844, Phila., 1844, 8vo. 
 
 13. On the Blind, and Institutions for the Blind in Europe ; 
 a Letter to the President of the Board of Managers of the 
 Pennsylvania Institution for the Blind, Phila., 1854, 8vo. 
 
 14. Numerous Introductory Lectures to his Class in the 
 Universities of Virginia and Maryland, and in Jefferson 
 Medical College of Philadelphia; and Charges to Gradu 
 ates : the Introductory of 1854, '55, comprising Recollec 
 tions of Europe in 1854. 
 
 EDITOR OF : 1. On the Use of the Moxa as a Therapeu 
 tical Agent, by Baron D. J. Larrey, translated from the 
 French, with Notes and an Introduction, containing a his 
 tory of the substance, Lon., 1822, 8vo. 
 
 2. Formulary for the preparation and mode of employing 
 several new remedies, viz. : Morphine, Iodine, <fec., trans 
 lated by Charles Thomas Haden, Esq. ; 2d edit., with nu 
 merous alterations and additions, Lon., 1824, 12mo. 
 
 3. Appendix to do., Lon., 1824, 12mo. The Formulary 
 was reprinted in Phila., 1825. 
 
 4. The Surgeon's Vade Mecum of Dr. Hooper; 3d edit., 
 greatly enlarged, Lon., 1824, 12mo. Dr. Dunglison's name 
 did not appear. 
 
 5. Medical Clinics of the Hospital Neckar, by M. Bri- 
 cheteau ; translated by Dr. D., but not so stated, Phila., 
 1837, 8vo. 
 
 6. Outlines of Physiology, with an Appendix on Phre 
 nology, by P. M. Roget, M.D., &c. ; revised, with nume 
 rous notes, Phila., 1839, 8vo. Name not on the title-page. 
 
 7. Outlines of a course of Lectures on Medical Jurispru 
 dence, by Thomas Stewart Traill, M.D., F.R.S.E.; re 
 vised, with numerous notes, Phila., 1841, 8vo. Name not 
 on title-page. 
 
 8. The Cyclopaedia of Practical Medicine, by Drs. Forbea, 
 Tweedie, and Conolly ; thoroughly revised, with numerous 
 additions, Phila., 1845, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 9. The London Medical Repository, edited by James 
 Copland, M.D., and Robley Dunglison, M.D. Vols. 19 and 
 20, and new series, vol. i., Lon., 1823. '24. 
 
 10. The Medical Intelligencer, or Monthly Compendium 
 
DUN 
 
 of Medical, Chirurgical, and Scientific Knowledge, vol. iv., 
 Lon., 1823, 8vo. The earlier volumes -were edited by 
 Messrs. Armstrong, Alcock, Haden, and others. 
 
 1 1. The Virginia Literary Museum and Journal of Belles- 
 Lettres, Arts, Sciences, Ac., edited at the University of Vir 
 ginia, by Professors Geo. Tucker and Dunglison,Charlottes- 
 ville, 1830, 8vo. Names not on title-page. 
 
 12. The American Medical Library and Intelligencer; 
 a concentrated Record of Medical Science and Literature, 
 Phila., 1837 to 1842, inclusive, 8vo. A Journal, and a re 
 print of valuable foreign works. 
 
 CONTRIBUTOR TO : The Monthly Magazine, Lon., 1817, 
 '18; The Annals of Philosophy, Lon., 1820; The London 
 Medical Repository, 1823, '24; The Quarterly Journal of 
 Science and the Arts, 1824 ; The London Quarterly Review, 
 1823; The Eclectic Review, 1823, '24; The Universal Re 
 view, 1824; The American Quarterly Review, 1827, and 
 afterwards; The Virginia Literary Museum, 1830; The 
 Baltimore Medical and Surgical Journal, 1834; The North 
 American Archives of Medical and Surgical Science, 1834, 
 '35; The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 1832, 
 and afterwards; The American Cyclopedia of Medicine 
 and Surgery, 1834, '35 ; The British and Foreign Medical 
 Review, 1836 ; The Medical Examiner, Phila., 1838, and 
 afterwards; <fcc. 
 
 So great has been the demand for Dr. Dunglison's works, 
 that of the Medical Lexicon, General Therapeutics and 
 Materia Medica, Practice of Medicine, Human Physiology, 
 Human Health, and New Remedies, the sale to 1858, we 
 have reason to believe, had been upwards of one hundred 
 thousand volumes ! Of the many notices before us of these 
 valuable works from British and American authorities, 
 we have room for a few only, and these must be abbre 
 viated. 
 
 Medical Lexicon, 12th ed., 1855; 15th ed. enlarged, 1858. 
 
 " An admirable work, and indispensable to all literary medical 
 men. The labour which has been bestowed upon it is something 
 prodigious. . . . Revised and corrected from time to time, Dr. Dun 
 glison's Medical Lexicon will last for centuries." Brit, and For. 
 Med. Chir. Rev. 
 
 " A miracle of labour and industry in one who has written able 
 and voluminous works on nearly every branch of medical science. 
 ... It is almost as indispensable to the other learned professions 
 as to our own. . . . From a careful examination of the present 
 edition, we can vouch for its accuracy, and for its being brought 
 quite up to the date of publication." Dubl. Quart. Jour, of Med. 
 Science. 
 
 " The most comprehensive and best English dictionary of medi 
 cal terms extant." Buffalo Med. Jour. See also Lon. Med. Gaz. ; 
 Amer. Jour, of the Med. Sciences ; Boston Med. Jour. ; Edin. Jour, 
 of Med. Science ; Lon. Med. Times and Gazette. 
 
 General Therapeutics and Materia Medica, 6th edit.,1857. 
 
 " As a textbook for students, for whom it is particularly designed, 
 we know of none superior to it." St. Louis Med. and Surg. Jour. 
 
 " We consider this work unequalled." Boston Med. and Surg. 
 Journal. See also Charleston Med. Journal and Review ; Western 
 Lancet; N. Orleans Med. and Surg. Jour.; N. York Jour, of Med. 
 
 The Practice of Medicine, 3d edit., 1848. 
 
 " Upon every topic embraced in this work, the latest information 
 will be found carefully posted up." Med. Examiner. 
 
 " It is certainly the most complete treatise of which we have any 
 knowledge." Western Jour, of Med. and Surg. See also Boston 
 Med. and Surg. Jour. ; Southern Med. and Surg. Jour. 
 
 Human Physiology, 7th edit., 1850 ; 8th ed., 1856. 
 
 " It has long since taken rank as one of the medical classics of 
 our language. To say that it is by far the best text-book of phy 
 siology ever published in this country, is but echoing the general 
 testimony of the profession." N. York Jour, of Med. 
 
 " It is the completest work on Physiology in the English' lan 
 guage, and is highly creditable to the author and publishers." 
 Canadian Med. Jour. 
 
 "The best work of the kind in the English language, and is 
 highly creditable to the author and publishers." Silliman's Jour. 
 See also Amer. Med. Jour. ; Western Lancet. 
 
 New Remedies, with Formulae for their Administration, 
 6th edit.. 1853. 
 
 The great learning of the author, and his remarkable industry 
 in pushing his researches into every source whence information is 
 derivable, have enabled him to throw together an extensive mass of 
 facts and statements, accompanied by full reference to authorities ; 
 which iast feature renders the work practically valuable to inves 
 tigators who desire to examine the original papers." Amer. Jour, 
 of Pharmacy. See also New York Med. Gaz. ; Southern Med. and 
 Surg. Jour. 
 
 Dunham, S. Astley, LL.D., d. 1858, in London. 
 Hist, of Poland, 1830, 12mo. 
 
 " A very carefully and competently written compendium." 
 Lon. Eclectic Review. 
 
 Hist, of Spain and Portugal, 1832, 5 vols. 12mo. 
 
 "The very best work on the subject with which we are ac 
 quainted." Lon. Athensum. See also Athen., 1858, 111. 
 
 " A work of acuteness and information." WM. H. PRESCOTT. 
 
 Hist of Europe during the Middle Ages, 1833-36, 4 vols. 
 
 " A work which may be regarded as a sacrifice of a very learned 
 and very laborious writer to the wants and curiosity of the world " 
 Lon. Athen. 
 
 DUN 
 
 Hist, of the Germanic Empire, 1837, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 "This compendium is masterly; being clear, rich, and exten- 
 gi ve . Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Hist, of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, 1839, '40, 3 
 vols. 12mo. These valuable works are all pub. in Lardner's 
 Cyclopaedia. Lives of English Dramatists, by R. Bell, Esq., 
 Dr. Dunham, &c., 1837, 2 vols. 12mo. The Early Writers 
 of Great Britain, by the same, 1840, fp. 8vo. 
 
 Dunkin, A. J. Report of the Brit. Arch. Assoc., Lon., 
 1845, 8vo. Memoranda of Springhead, 1848, 8vo. 
 
 Dunkin, John. Divinity of the Son of God, 1783, 8vo. 
 
 Dunkin, John. Hist, and Antiq. of Bromley, 1815, 
 8vo; of Bicester, 1816, 8vo. Hist, and Antiq. of the Hun 
 dreds of Bullington and Ploughley, Oxfordshire, 1823, 2 
 vols. 4to. Printed at the expense of Sir G. P. Turner; 
 only 70 copies intended for sale. Hist, and Antiq. of 
 Dartford, Kent, 1844, 8vo. 
 
 Dunkin, Wm., D.D. Epistles, Dubl., 1741, '60. Po 
 etical Works, Epistles, &c., 1774, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 Dunlap, Andrew, 1794-1835, a native of Mass. 
 Admiralty Practice in Civil Cases of Maritime Jurisdic 
 tion, Phila., 1836, 8vo j 2d ed., N. York, 1850. 
 
 " This work is pronounced, by the most competent judges, to be 
 learned, accurate, and well digested."! Kent's Com. 381, Note. 
 
 Dunlap, J.D. Book of Legal Forms, Phila., 1852,8vo. 
 
 Dunlap, John A. Justice of Peace in N. York, 8vo. 
 Abridgt. of 12th and 13th Books of Coke's Reports, N. 
 York, 1813, 8vo. Prac. Supr. Ct. of N. York in Civ. Act., 
 Albany, 1821-23, 2 vols. 8vo; 1841. 
 
 " The author has executed his laborious task with an accxiracy 
 and extent of learning which support his well-earned reputation 
 as a lawyer." 18 N. Amer. Rev., 211. 
 
 Lloyd's edit. (3d) of Paley's Agency; 3d Amer. edit, 
 
 "The care and labour bestowed upon Dunlap's Paley's Agency 
 cannot fail to render it a standard work of great utility." Penna. 
 Law Journal. 
 
 Dunlap, S. F\, son of Andrew Dunlap, (ante,} b. 1825, 
 in Boston. 1. The Origin of Ancient Names, Cainb., 1856. 
 8vo : reprinted from the Chris. Examiner, July, 1856. 2. 
 Vestiges of the Spirit-History of Man, N.Y., 1858, 8vo. 
 Edited, with Notes, Dunlap's Admiralty Practice. 
 
 Dunlap, William, 1766-1839, manager of the Park 
 Theatre, N. York, a dramatic author and a painter, was a 
 native of Perth Amboy, N. Jersey. Life of George Fre 
 derick Cooke, Lon., 1813, 2 vols. 8vo; and a 2d ed. 
 
 " Those who desire a faithful portrait of this strange genius 
 may be safely referred to the Life published by Dunlap, a close ob 
 server and a truthful writer." Wood's Personal Recollections of the 
 Stage, Phila., 1855. 12mo. 
 
 " Very little reliance can be placed on the theatrical and other 
 anecdotes recorded in these volumes." Lowndcs's Bibl. Man. 
 
 " We have seldom been more amused and instructed than by the 
 perusal of these volumes." Lon. Theatrical Inquisitor. 
 
 The American Theatre, N. York, 1832, 8vo ; Lon., 1833. 
 Hist, of Arts and Designs in the U. States, N. York, 1834, 
 2 vols. 8vo. Thirty Years Ago ; a Novel, 1836. Hist, of 
 N. York, for Schools, 1837, 2 vols. 12mo ; abridged, 1844, 
 2 vols. 18mo. New Netherlands Province of New York, 
 1840, 2 vols. 8vo. See Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. 
 
 Dunlop, Bell, and Murray. Decis. Ct. Sess., 1835- 
 40, 5 vols. 8vo, Edin., 1836-40 ; ditto, 1840, '41, 1841, 8vo, 
 by Dunlop and Donaldson. 
 
 Dunlop, Alexander, 1684-1742, an American, Pro 
 fessor of Greek, Univ. Glasgow. Greek Grammar, 1736 j 
 many edits. Long used in the Scotch universities. 
 
 Dunlop, Alexander. Treatise on the Law of Scot 
 land relative to the Poor, Edin., 1828, 8vo. 
 
 " Decidedly the best work on the subject." McCuttoch's Lit. of 
 Polit. Economy. 
 
 Answer, Ac. rel. to Claims Ch. of Scotland, 3d ed., 1840, 
 8vo. Law of Patronage of Parochial Ministers in Scot 
 land, 8vo. Parochial Law in Scotland, 3d ed., 1841, 8vo. 
 " As an able and accurate exposition of the law, Mr. Dunlop's 
 Treatise deserves every commendation, and may be considered as 
 our safest authority."! Ed. L. J., 218. 
 
 Dunlop, James. Laws of Pennsylvania, 1700-1853, 
 chronologically arranged, with Notes and References to all 
 the Decisions of the Supreme Ct. of Penna., giving con 
 struction to said Laws, with a copious Index, 3d ed., Phila., 
 1853, 8vo. Highly commended by the Hon. Judges Gib 
 son, Grier, Coulter, Rogers, Burnside, Woodward, Thomp 
 son, Hepburn, Lowrie, &c. Digest of the General Laws 
 of the U. States, Phila., 1858, r. 8vo. Highly commended. 
 
 Dunlop, John. 1. History of Fiction, Lon., 1814, 3 
 vols. p. 8vo: 2d ed., 1816; 3d, 1845. 
 
 " He has executed a defective plan, in what we are inclined to 
 think rather a superficial manner." Lon. Quar. Rev., xiii. 384. 
 
 " Upon the whole, though we wish to see the History of Fiction 
 executed on a very different plan, and with a greater spirit of philo 
 sophical inquiry and critical acuteness, we recommend the present 
 publication as an agreeable and curious Miscellany, which disco 
 vers uncommon information and learning." Edin. Rev., xxiv. 58. 
 
DUN 
 
 DUN 
 
 2. History of Roman Literature, 1823-28, 3 vols. 8vo. I 
 3. Memoirs of Spain during the Reigns of Philip IV. and 
 Charles II., 1621-1700, Edin., 1834, 2 vols. 8vo. If the 
 reader will procure this work, Watson's Philip II. and 
 III., Robertson's Charles V., and Coxe's Bourbon Kings, j 
 he will have a continuous history of Spain to 1788. 
 
 " Mr. Dunlop's work abounds with important instruction to the 
 philosopher and the politician; and we gladly acknowledge our 
 obligations for this valuable contribution to Spanish history. He 
 has collected matter previously dispersed through a great number 
 of works, into one consecutive, agreeable, and lively narrative." 
 Lon. Atherufum. 
 
 Mr. Dunlop has pub. some other works. 
 1) 11 ii lop, Robert Glasgow. Travels in Central 
 America, with Journal, Ac., Lon., 1837, p. 8vo. 
 
 " It abounds with valuable statistical and general information 
 of the towns, the people, the climate, and the products." Colonial 
 Magazine. 
 
 " Solid information is the distinguishing feature of the above." 
 Lon. Spectator. 
 
 Dunlop, Wm., 1692-1720, a native of Glasgow, Prof. 
 of Divinity and Ch. History, Univ. Edinburgh, 1716. 
 
 A Collection of Confessions of Faith, Catechisms, Direc 
 tions, Books of Discipline, <fcc. of publick authority in the 
 Ch. of Scotland, with the Acts of Assembly. <fcc., Edin., 
 1719-20, 2 vols. sm. 8vo. A most valuable work. Some 
 copies of the preface were struck off separately, under the 
 title of A Full Account of the several ends and uses of 
 Confessions of Faith, <fec., 1721, 8vo; again, 1775, 12mo. 
 " Sensible and scriptural." Bickersleth's Chris. Student. 
 It was answered by Moses Lowman in 1721, 8vo. Serms. 
 and Lectures, 2 vols. 8vo; 1716-22; again, 1725. Glasg., 
 1747, 2 vols. 12mo. Though Professor Dunlop died at the 
 early age of 28, he had attained great reputation as a 
 powerful and pathetic preacher: 
 
 " When he preached, he had very crowded and attentive audito 
 ries. When he flamed in the pulpit, and triumphed over his cap 
 tivated hearers, it was not by mere artificial rhetoric, but from the 
 real sentiment and affections of his own soul transferred into theirs. 
 Argumentative, copious, and fervent." Dr. E. Wittiams's Chris. 
 Preacher. 
 
 Dunn* Index to the Journals of the H. of Commons, 
 vol. xxv. to lv., inclusive, Lon., 2 vols. fol. Comes down 
 to end of the year 1800. 
 
 Dunn, Lady. Recluse, a Novel, 2 vols. r. 12mo. 
 Dunn, Edward. V. Disease, Lon., 1724, 8vo. 
 Dunn, Edward. Theolog., <fec. works, 1796-99. 
 Dunn, Henry. Educational works, Ac., 1829-48. 
 Dunn, John. Manners, Customs, and Usages, Ac. of 
 the Nations of Asia, Africa, and America, from the French 
 of Lambert, Lon., 1750, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Dunn, Sir Patrick. His Case, Ac., fol. 
 Dunn, S. Theolog. and biog. works, 1837-47. 
 Dunn, Samuel, Prof, of Mathemat. at Crediton and 
 Chelsea, pub. several works upon astronomy, navigation, 
 mathematics, <fec., 1759-93, and papers in Phil. Trans., 
 1761-64. 
 
 Dunne, Charles. The Chirurgical Candidate, or re 
 flections on surgical education, Lon., 1808, 8vo. 
 
 Dunne, John. Notices rel. to some of the Native 
 Tribes of N. America; in Trans. R. Irish Acad., 1803. 
 
 Dunning, Capt. Scheme for preventing the Progress 
 of the Plague, fol. 
 
 Dunning, John, Lord Ashburton, 1731-1783, one of 
 the most distinguished of modern lawyers. Defence of 
 the United Company of Merchants, being an answer to the 
 Dutch Memorial, 1762, 4to. Letters to the Proprietors of 
 the E. India Stock, occasioned by Lord Clive's Letter on 
 his Jaghire, 1764, 8vo. 
 
 Dunning, Richard. Office of Overseer of the Poor, 
 1686. 
 
 Dunning, Richard. Cow Pox, Ac., 1800-06. 
 Dunscombe, T. Tribute to Dr. Evans, 1792, 8vo. 
 Dunsford, Martin, d. 1807. Hist. Memoir of the 
 Town and Parish of Tiverton, 2d ed., Lon., 1790, 4to. 
 
 Duns Scotus, John, supposed to have been born 
 about 1265, died at Cologne, 1308, is believed to have been 
 a native of Dunstance, near Alnwick, Northumberland. 
 Others, however, claim him as a native of Dunse, Berwick 
 shire, Scotland, and still others assert him to have been an 
 Irishman. Whilst young he joined the Minorite friars, 
 who sent him to Oxford, where he was admitted into Mer- 
 ton College, of which he became Fellow. In 1301 he suc 
 ceeded William Varron as Profes. of Theology at Oxford, 
 and taught with such eloquence and acceptance, that 30,000 
 scholars thronged around his chair. We cannot, however, 
 vouch for the correctness of the numbers. In 1304 he re 
 moved to Paris, and about 1307 was placed at the head of 
 the theological school of that famed city of learning. He 
 is said to have been the first teacher of the doctrine of the 
 
 immaculate conception of the Virgin Mary. He was for 
 some time a follower of Thomas Aquinas, but differing 
 from him on the question concerning the efficacy of divine 
 grace, he established a new school : the disputes of the 
 Thomists and Scotists henceforth are matters of history, 
 trifling as their subjects often were. Scotus was so noted 
 for his acuteness as to acquire the name of the " Subtle 
 Doctor." He wrote many works on theology, on metaphy 
 sics, &c., a collective edit, of which (save a few still in MS.) 
 was pub. by Luke Wadding in 1639, Lyons, 12 vols. fol. 
 
 The reader who wishes to sharpen his wits in dialectics 
 will find ample employment in these volumes for the long 
 evenings of several winters. To encourage him to embark 
 upon so fascinating an amusement, we give a specimen of 
 the eulogies which were lavished upon the Subtle Doctor 
 by his followers : 
 
 " He was so consummate a philosopher, that he could have been 
 the inventor of philosophy, if it had not before existed. [How un 
 fortunate!] His knowledge of all the mysteries of Religion was 
 so profound and perfect, that it was rather intuitive certainty than 
 belief. He described the divine nature as if he had seen God; 
 he attributes of celestial spirits as if he had been an angel; the 
 felicities of a future state as if he had enjoyed them ; and the 
 ways of providence as if he had penetrated into all its secrets. He 
 rrote so many books, that one man is hardly able to read them ; 
 ,nd no one man is able to understand them. He would have 
 written more, if he bad composed with less care and accuracy. 
 Such was our immortal Scotus, the most ingenious, acute, and sub- 
 lie of the sons of men." 
 
 See Bale, Pits, and Tanner; Cave, vol. ii. ; Henry's Hist, 
 of Great Britain ; Wood's Annals ; Mackenzie's Scotch Wri 
 ters ; Biog. Brit. ; Bruckeri Hist. Philos., torn, iii., p. 828. 
 The candid confession that no man could understand, the 
 Subtle Doctor's profundities reminds us of a saying attri 
 buted to Hegel, when dying; that of all his numerous 
 disciples only one had understood him, and he misunder 
 stood him ! 
 
 Dunstable, John, d. 1458, an English musician, au 
 thor of De Mensurabili Musica, quoted by Morley, Fran- 
 chinus, and Ravenscroft, but now lost. The two last give 
 some fragments of Dunstable's musical compositions. In 
 the Bodleian Library there is a geographical tract by Dun- 
 stable. 
 
 Dunstan, St., 925-988, a native of Glastonbury, So 
 mersetshire, Bishop of Worcester, of London, and finally 
 Archbishop of Canterbury about 959, extended the Papal 
 influence throughout England, and, as the representative 
 of Rome, ruled the kingdom with a rod of iron. But 
 Ethelred was, not so easily governed as his predecessor 
 Edgar had been, and Dunstan retired to his cloisters to die 
 of chagrin and mortification. A vol. of his works was 
 pub. at Douay in 1626, 8vo, and Launcelot Colston pub. one 
 of his treatises with the Philosophia Maturata, Lon., 1668, 
 12mo. 
 
 Dunstanville, Francis, Lord De. Carew's Survey 
 of Cornwall, Lon., 1811, 4to. See CAREW, RICHARD. 
 Speech at the County Meeting of Bodmin, 1809, 8vo. 
 
 Dunstar, Samuel. Anglia Rediviva; being a full 
 description of all the Shires, Cities, Principal Towns, and 
 Rivers in England, Lon., 1669, 8vo. 
 
 Dunster, Charles, Rector of Petworth, Sussex. Mil 
 ton's Paradise Regained, with Notes, Lon., 1795, 4to. Con 
 siderations on Milton's Early Reading, and the Prima 
 Stamina of his Paradise Lost, 1800, 8vo. A valuable work. 
 He gives extracts from Joshua Sylvester's works. Observ. 
 on St. Luke's Gospel, 1805, 8vo; on St. Matthew's, 1806, 
 8vo; on St. Luke's, 1808, 8vo. Synopsis of the three first 
 Gospels, &e., 1812, r. 8vo. Other works. 
 
 Dunster, Rev. D. Trans, of Drexelius on Eternity, 
 edited by Rev. H. P. Dunster, Lon., 1844, 12mo. 
 
 " Of singular merit, and excellently adapted to awaken the at 
 tention to a subject so important." 
 
 Dunster, H. P. Stories from Froissart, Lon., 1847, 
 18mo. See BERNERS, LORD. Fragments of History, 12mo. 
 Dunster, Henry, d. 1659, first President of Harvard 
 College, in conjunction with Richard Lyon, improved the 
 new version of the Psalms made by Eliot, Welde, and Ma 
 ther, printed in 1640. 
 
 Dunster, Samuel, D.D. Trans, of Horace's Satires 
 and Art of Poetry into English verse. Serm., Lon., 1708, 
 8vo. 
 
 Dunstervill, Edward. Funl. Serm., 1642. 
 Dunthorne, Rev. Richard, 1711-1775. Astronomi 
 cal con. to Phil. Trans., 1747, '49, '51, '62. 
 
 Dunton, John. A True lovrnall of the Sally Fleet, 
 Lon., 1637, 4to. See Oxford Collec. Voy. and Trav. 
 
 Dunton, John, 1659-1733, an eccentric bookseller, 
 being unsuccessful in business, turned author, and pub. 
 several works. The Dublin Scuffle, 1699, 8vo. 
 
DUP 
 
 "This curious production may be considered as the earliest at 
 tempt at Irish topography." 
 
 The Athenian Mercury, or a Scheme to answer a Series 
 of Questions Monthly, the Querist remaining concealed. 
 Continued to about 20 vols. ; reprinted by Bell, under the 
 title of The Athenian Oracle, 1728, 4 vols. Svo; abridged, 
 1820, 8vo. Athenianism, or the Projects of Mr. John 
 Dunton. This contains 600 Treatises in Prose and Verse, 
 The Life and Errors of Mr. John Dunton, with the Lives 
 and Characters of more than a thousand Contemporary 
 Divines, and other Persons of Literary Eminence, Lon., 
 1705, 8vo. We here find an account of his visit to Boston, 
 New England, (in 1685,) where he resided for 8 months, 
 and sketches of the ministers, booksellers, and other citi 
 zens of Boston and Salem. New edit., with selections from 
 Dunton's other works, 1818, 2 vols. Svo. Religio Biblio- 
 polae, or the Religion of a Bookseller, 1728, Svo. See 
 BRIDGWATER, BEXJAMIN. x The Danger of Living in a 
 Known Sin, and the Hazard of a Death-Bed Repentance, 
 1738, Svo. See a list of Dunton's many pieces in Lowndes's 
 Bibl. Man. 
 
 " Dunton's Life and Errors is a most curious Work, abounding 
 in Literary History of an interesting nature." Noble's Granger. 
 
 Duponceau, Peter S., 1760-1844, a native of the 
 Isle of Rhe, on the western coast of France, was for some 
 time secretary to Count de Gebelin, author of the Monde 
 Primitif. Baron Steuben, however, prevailed upon him to 
 resign this quiet post, and accompany him to America as 
 his secretary and aide-de-camp. They landed at Ports 
 mouth, New Hampshire, Dec. 1, 1777, and on the 18th 
 February ensuing, Mr. Duponceau was appointed a captain 
 by brevet in the army of the United States. In 1780 his 
 ill health obliged him to leave the army, and in October, 
 1781, he was appointed secretary to Robert R. Livingston, 
 head of the Department of Foreign Affairs. After holding 
 the office for about 19 months, Mr. Duponceau commenced 
 the study of the law, and was admitted an attorney in 
 June, 1785. In his new profession he soon rose to great 
 eminence, and felt unwilling to resign his increasing busi 
 ness for the office of Chief Justice of Louisiana, which 
 was tendered to him by President Jefferson. Mr. Dupon 
 ceau remained a resident of Philadelphia until his death, 
 taking an active interest in legal, philosophical, and philo 
 logical pursuits, and esteeming as not the least of the re 
 wards of his labours, an election to a Corresponding Mem 
 bership of the French Institute. The same learned body 
 awarded to him the prize of " Linguistique," founded by 
 Volney, for a Memoir on the Indian Languages of North 
 America, (in French,) which was subsequently pub. in Paris. 
 Mr. D. pub. several other works, and was the author of 
 many memoirs communicated to literary and scientific 
 societies, addresses, essays, and minor pieces. See Encyc. 
 Amer., xiv. 242. A Dissertation on the Nature and Ex 
 tent of the Jurisdiction of the Courts of the U. States ; to 
 which are added a brief Sketch of the National Judiciary 
 Powers exercised in the United States prior to the adoption 
 of the present Federal Constitution, by Thomas Sergeant, 
 and the author's Discourse on Legal Education, Phila., 
 1824, Svo. 
 
 " A work that should be profoundly studied by all American 
 authors." N. Amer. Review, xx. 63. 1825. 
 
 " The learned author of this Dissertation is well known as a 
 scholar and a philosopher, who thinks deeply and accurately. The 
 volume has been- extensively read, and will continue so to be." 
 Hoffman's Legal Student, 568. 
 
 Eulogium in Commendation of the Hon. W. Tilghman, 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Penna., 1827, Svo. 
 A brief View of the Constitution of the United States, ad 
 dressed to the Law Academy of Philadelphia, 1834, 12mo. 
 Dissertation on the Nature and Character of the Chinese 
 System of Writing, 1838. This was the last of his works. 
 He contends that the Chinese language is not ideographic, 
 as was generally maintained, but lexigraphic. See a review, 
 N. Amer. Rev., xlviii. 271. 
 
 A specimen of Mr. Duponceau's philological criticism 
 may be seen in his Notes to the new edit, of John Eliot's 
 Grammar of the Massachusetts Indian Language, Boston, 
 1822, Svo. This is a reprint of Eliot's Indian Grammar, 
 pub. in 1666. 
 
 Dupont, John. Serm., Lon., 1757, Svo. 
 
 Duport, James, D.D., 1606-1679, an eminent Greek 
 scholar, educated at, and Fellow of, Trinity College, Cam 
 bridge, Regius Prof, of Greek, 1632 ; Master of Magdalen 
 College, Cambridge, 1668. Gnomologia Homeri, 1660. 
 Tres Libri Salomonis, Ac., 1646, 12mo. Metaphrasis Libri 
 Psalmorum, <fcc., 1666, 4to. Musse Subsecivse, 1676, Svo. 
 Serm., 1660, 4to. Three Serms., 1676, 4to. Lectures on 
 Theophrastus's Characters, 1712. 
 
 DUE 
 
 Duport, John, d. 1617, Preb. of Ely, 1609, was one 
 of the trans, of K. James's version of the Bible. 
 
 Duppa, Brian, 1588-1662, educated at Christ Church, 
 Oxford, Bishop of Chichester, 1638; trans, to Salisbury, 
 1641 ; Bishop of Salisbury, 1660. 1. The Soul's Soliloquies, 
 1648, Svo. 2. Angels Rejoicing for Sinners Repenting, 
 1648, 4to. Both the above are sermons. 3. A Guide for 
 the Penitent, 1660, Svo. 4. Holy Rules and Helps to De 
 votion, 1674, 12mo. He is said to have assisted K. Charles 
 in composing the Eikon Basilike. 
 
 Duppa, Richard, d. 1831, aged 64, educated at Trin. 
 Coll., Oxf. Journal at Rome, Lon., 1799, Svo. 12 Heads 
 from the Last Judgment of M. Angelo, 1801, imp. fol. 
 Head from Raffaelo, 1803, fol. Life and Works of Angelo, 
 1806, imp. 4to; new ed., 1846. Life of Raffaelo, 1816, Svo. 
 Price of Corn, 1815, Svo. Introduc. to Greek, 1815, Svo. 
 Dr. Johnson's Diary into N. Wales, with Notes, 1816, Svo, 
 incorporated in Croker's Boswell Travels on the Continent, 
 1829, imp. Svo. Linnaean System of Botany, 3 vols. Svo. 
 Other works. Mr. Q. De Quincey's Life of Raffaelo is in 
 cluded in the new edit. (1846, Svo) of Duppa's Life of 
 M. Angelo. 
 
 " In this volume we have combined at once a sketch of painting 
 during its brightest era, and an account of the two great masters 
 who may emphatically be described as the restorers of art in Eu 
 rope." Edin. Review. 
 
 Du Pratz, M. Le Page. Hist, of Louisiana, or of 
 the Western Parts of Virginia and Carolina, Lon., 1763, 2 
 vols. Svo. 
 
 " This author seems to have paid particular attention to geology, 
 mineralogy, and other branches of natural history." Lmvndes's 
 Bibl. Man. 
 
 Dupre, Edward. Serm., 1782, 4to. 
 
 Dupre, John, D.D., d. 1835, aged 82. Serm., 1781, 
 4to. Serms., 1782-87, 2 vols. Svo. Discourses, 1815, 2 
 vols. Svo. 
 
 Dupre, Wm. Lexicographia Neologico-Gallica, 1801. 
 
 Dupuis, Joseph. Journal of a Residence in Ashan- 
 tee, Lon., 1824, 4to. 
 
 " These papers throw much light on the subject of African dis 
 covery, and will be of great use to future travellers." 
 
 " The work of a man of considerable talent." Edin. Review. 
 
 Dupuis, Thomas S., 1733-1796, an English musical 
 composer. Two of- his anthems will be found in Page's 
 Harmonia Sacra. A selection from his works was pub. in 
 2 vols. by his pupil, Mr. Spencer, nephew and son-in-law 
 of the Duke of Marlborough. 
 
 Dupuy, Eliza A., born at Petersburg, Va., a descend 
 ant of one of the oldest Huguenot families in that State. 
 She has written many works, of which the following are 
 the principal : 1. The Conspirator; of this there have been 
 24,000 copies sold. 2. Emma Walton, or Trials and Tri 
 umphs. 3. Celeste. 4. Florence, or the Fatal Vow. 5. Sepa 
 ration. 6. Concealed Treasure. 7. Ashleigh. 8. The 
 Country Neighbourhood, N. Y., 1855. 
 
 Duquery, Henry. Speech in H. of Commons on Ne 
 gotiation with France, 1795, Svo. 
 
 Duquesne, M. Voyage to the E. Indies, 1690, '91, a 
 descrip. of Maldives, Cocos, Andaman t, Ac., Lon., 1696. 
 
 Durand, David, 1679-1763, a native of Languedoc, 
 pastor of the French Church in the Savoy, London, pub. a 
 number of works upon theology, painting, natural history, 
 &c., 1717-53. Serms., Rotterdam, 1711, sm. Svo. Hist, 
 du seizieme Siecle, Lon., 1725-32, 7 parts, Svo. 
 
 Durant, J. Coal Mine, <fec., Phil. Trans., 1746. 
 
 Durant, John, b. 1620, a Nonconformist divine, 
 ejected 1662. Salvation of the Saints, Lon., 1653, Svo. 
 
 " A delightful millenarian writer." 
 
 Six Serms., 1655, Svo. Spiritual Seamen, 1655. Comfort 
 and Counsel, 1658, Svo. Altum Silentium, 1659, 12mo. A 
 Cluster of Grapes taken out of the Basket of the Woman 
 of Canaan ; being the sum of certain Serms., 1660, Svo. 
 
 Durant, John. Art in Nature, 1697, Svo. 
 
 Duranti, Saml. Serms., 1623, Svo. 
 
 Durbin, J. P., D.D., a distinguished Methodist divine, 
 was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, in 1800; entered 
 Miami University, 1822; subsequently studied at the col 
 lege in Cincinnati, and was appointed Professor of Lan 
 guages in Augusta College, Ky. ; Chaplain U. States Senate, 
 1831; editor Christian Advocate and Journal, 1832; Pre 
 sident of Dickinson College, Carlisle, 1834-45 ; received 
 the degree of D.D., 1837 ; visited Europe, Asia, and Africa, 
 1842, '43; pastor of a congregation in Phila., 1845; Secre 
 tary of the Board of Foreign and Domestic Missions, 1850; 
 this office he still retains, (1858.) He has been elected to 
 the general conference of the Church on four several occa 
 sions, viz. : in 1844, '48, '52, and '56. See Men of the Time, 
 N.Y., 1852. Author of Observations in Europe, principally 
 in France and Great Britain, N. York, 1844, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
DUR 
 
 Highly commended as combining information and enter 
 tainment to a remarkable degree. Also, Observs. in Egypt, 
 Palestine, Syria, and Asia Minor, 1845, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 Edited the American edit of Wood's Mosaic History of 
 the Creation, with copious Notes, New York, 1831, 8vo. 
 Contributed to sundry periodicals. For further particulars 
 respecting Dr. Durbin, see the National Magazine, pub. by 
 Messrs. Carlton and Phillips, New York. 
 
 Durel, John, D.D., 1625-1683, a native of St. Helier's, 
 Isle of Jersey, entered Merton Coll., Oxf., 1640; Preb. of 
 Salisbury and Canon of Windsor, 1663; Dean of Windsor, 
 1677. During the Commonwealth he retired to France; 
 at the Restoration became minister of the French Church 
 in the Savoy, London. Respecting the Savoy, see Strype, 
 Wood's Athen. Oxon., or Cunningham's Hand Book of 
 London. A View of the Govt. and Pub. Worship of God 
 in Reformed Churches beyond the Seas; wherein is shewed 
 their Conformity and Agreement with the Ch. of England, 
 Lon., 1662, 4to; abridged, 1705, 8vo. This book excited 
 a warm controversy ; see Athen. Oxon. Sanctse Ecclesiae 
 Anglicanse, <fcc., 1669, 4to. Theoremata Philosophise. 
 Among the pieces in this collection is a French trans, of 
 the Whole Duty of Man, partly written by Mrs. Durel. 
 The Liturgy of the Ch. of England asserted, in a Serm., 
 preached in French; trans, into English by G. B., Lon., 
 1662, '68, 4to. In Latin, 1670, 8vo. 
 
 Durell, David, D.D., 1728-1775, a native of the Isle 
 of Jersey, educated at Pembroke Coll., Oxf., became Fel 
 low and Principal of Hertford Coll. The Hebrew Text of 
 the Parallel Prophecies of Jacob and Moses, relating to 
 the twelve Tribes, with trans., notes, <fcc., Oxf., 1764, 4to. 
 Critical Remarks on the Book of Job, Proverbs, Psalms, 
 Ecclesiastes, and Canticles. See an analysis of this work 
 in the Lon. Monthly Review, 0. S., xlvii. 119-129. 
 
 "Many of the observations in these volumes are of considerable 
 value. Dr. Durell was a bold critic, and dealt freely, and sometimes 
 successfully, in emendations of the text, and in new arrangements 
 of the words and letters. . . . His works deserve a place in every 
 critical library." Oi-me's Bill. Bib. 
 
 Durell, Philip. A Particular Account of the Taking 
 of Cape Breton from the French, Lon., 1745, fol. 
 
 Durfee, Job, 1790-1847, b. in Tiverton, R.L What- 
 cheer; a Poem, 1832, 12mo. Complete Works of, with a 
 Memoir by his Son, Providence, 1849, 8vo. 
 
 D'Urfey, Thomas, d. at an advanced age, 1723, was 
 a descendant of an ancient French Protestant family who 
 settled in Exeter, where Tom as he is always styled first 
 saw the light. In early life he selected the law as a pro 
 fession ; but a taste for light literature indisposed him to 
 serious application to legal research, and the gay company 
 which he frequented left him little leisure for such profit 
 able occupation of his time. Besides, he possessed the 
 dangerous accomplishments, seldom combined, of being 
 able to write and sing a good song. He also commenced 
 composing dramatic pieces, The Siege of Memphis, 1672; 
 Madam Fickle, 1677; Bussy D'Ambois, 1691, and 29 
 others, see list in Biog. Dramat, which, fortunately, 
 are now forgotten. 
 
 Towards the close of his life he was a sufferer from the 
 res anguata domi ; and to quote his own language 
 "after having written more odes than Horace, and about 
 four times as many comedies as Terence, he found himself 
 reduced to great difficulties by the importunities of a set 
 of men, who of late years had furnished him with the ac 
 commodations of life, and would not, as we say, be paid 
 with a song." See Guardian, No. 67. 
 
 By -the influence of Addison, D'Urfey's play of The 
 Plotting Sisters was acted for his benefit, and seems to 
 have produced a handsome result In the Guardian, No. 
 67, Addison makes a strong appeal for a good benefit to 
 the veteran wit and poet D'Urfey excelled in song, sa 
 tires, and irregular odes. A collection of these was pub. 
 in three volumes, under the singular title of Laugh and 
 be Fat, or Pills to Purge Melancholy. These were repub- 
 hshed, and three vols. added, by subscription in 1719, '20, 
 under the title of Wit and Mirth, or Pills to Purge Melan 
 choly, 6 vols. 12mo. It would appear that to the first col 
 lection, at least, there had been other contributors besides 
 D'Urfey. 
 
 "I cannot sufficiently admire the fecetious title of these volumes, 
 and must censure the world of ingratitude, while they are so negli 
 gent in rewarding the jocose labours of my friend Mr! D'Urfey, who 
 was so large a contributor to this treatise, and to whose humorous 
 productions so many rural squires in the remotest parts of this 
 island are obliged for the dignity and state which corpulency gives 
 them." SIB RICHARD STEELE : Guardian, No. 29,April 14, 1713. Hide 
 si sapis. 
 
 A collection of his Poems, consisting of Satyrs, Elegies 
 and Odes, was pub. in 1690, 8vo. Stories, Moral and Co- 
 
 DUR 
 
 | mical, 1691, 8vo. Tales, Tragical and Comical, 1704, 8vo. 
 
 I New Operas, with Comical Stories and Poems, 1721, 8vo. 
 
 I See Lowndes's Bibl. Man. for separate publications. To 
 
 j the Essay towards the Theory of the Intelligible World, 
 
 I Swift is said to be indebted; particularly for the idea of 
 
 | his marbled pages. These volumes are now scarce. Mr. 
 
 Henry G. Bohn, London, some years since advertised a 
 
 collection, 14 vols. in all, uniformly bound in morocco, at 
 
 16 16s. The higher such books are held in price, the 
 
 | better for the public. We want no People's Editions of 
 
 writers of this class. 
 
 D'Urfey's Tory songs did much to strengthen the royal 
 cause, and his Protestant lays helped to bring popery into 
 | disrepute. In the style both of his personal character 
 I and his writings, no man could have better suited the dis 
 solute circles in which he spent his youth and middle age, 
 than Tom D'Urfey. 
 
 " I myself remember King Charles leaning on Tom D'Urfey's 
 shoulder more than once, and humming over a song with him. It 
 is certain that monarch was not a little supported by ' Joy to great 
 Caesar,' which gave the whigs such a blow as they were not able 
 to recover that whole reign. My friend afterwards attacked popery 
 with the same success, having exposed Bellarmine and Porto-Car- 
 rero more than once, in short satirical compositions which have 
 been in every body's mouth. . . . Many an honest gentleman has 
 got a reputation in his country, by pretending to have been in com 
 pany with Tom D'Urfey." ADDISON: Guardian, No. 67, May 28, 
 1 1 13. 
 
 Durham, James, 1622 F-1658, a captain in the army, 
 was ordained a minister at Glasgow, 1647 ; Prof, of Di 
 vinity there, 1650. Test, to the Ch. of Scot, 1659, 8vo; 
 Edin., 1680, 12mo. Expos, of Job, Glasg., 1659, 12mo. 
 Revelation, Amst, 1660; Edin., 1680, 4to; Glasg., 1788,4to. 
 
 " He shortly interprets the text, endeavours to point out the 
 application of the distinct prophecies, and supports his views by 
 historical references. He also occasionally indulges in conjecture 
 respecting the future." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 "Very spiritual and evangelical." EICKERSTETH. 
 
 7th ed., Glasg., 1769, 8vo. 62 Sermons on Isaiah liii., 
 Edin., 1683, 4to; 1723, fol. Clavis Cantici; or an Expos, 
 of the Song of Solomon, Lon., 1669, 4to; Edin., 1724, 4to: 
 Aberd., 1840, 8vo. 
 
 ',' A favourite work with those persons who enter fully into the 
 mystical design of the sacred writer, and approve of its entire ap 
 plication to Christ and the church." ORME : ubi supra. 
 
 Expos, of the Ten Commandments, Lon., 1675, 4to. 
 The Unsearchable Riches of Christ, Glasg., 1685, 12rno. 
 Heaven upon Earth, Edin., 1685, 12mo. 
 
 " The expository works of Durham are highly respectable, not 
 for their display of learning or critical knowledge, but for their 
 good sense, enlightened piety, and practical acquaintance with the 
 Scriptures." ORME : ubi supra. 
 
 Durham, James. 7 Serms. on Rev. xiv. 13, with a 
 vindication of W. Guthrie, Lon., 1682, 12mo. 
 
 Durham, James George. Christ'y the Friend of 
 Man, Lon., 1803, 8vo. The Providence of God, 1804, 8vo. 
 
 Durham, Simeon of. See SIMEON. 
 
 Durham, Win., 1611-1686, a native of Gloucester 
 shire, Rector of St. Mildred's, London, Ac. Family In 
 struction. Life of Dr. Harris, Prest of Trin. Coll., Oxf., 
 1660, 12mo. Sermons on 1 Cor. xvi. 13, Lon., 1671, 4to; 
 on Hebrews xiii. 16, 1679, 4to. 
 
 Durivage, Francis Alexander, b. at Boston, 1814. 
 1. Cyclopedia of History, 8vo, pp. 780. 2. Stray Subjects, 
 Phila., 12mo. 3. Life Scenes, Boston, 12mo. 4. Trans 
 lated, in connection with W. S. Chase, Lamartine's History 
 of the Revolution of 1848. Mr. D. is the author of several 
 Plays and Poems, and has contributed largely to the pe 
 riodical literature of the U. S. 
 
 Durnibrd, Charles, and E. H. East. Reports in 
 Ct of K. B., 1785-1800, Lon., 1787-1800, 8 vols. fol.; 
 1794-1802, 8 vols. 8vo. New ed. (5th) with references, 
 1817, 8 vols. 8vo. 3d Amer. ed., N. York, 1834, 8 vols. in 
 4, 8vo. Durnford and East commenced the practice of 
 periodical reports. 
 
 " These gentlemen have acquired a great share of approbation 
 and the reputation of great attention." Bridg. Leg. Bib., 105. 
 
 No English Reports are more frequently cited in Ame 
 rican courts than those of Durnford and East. 
 
 Durnford, W. Trafalgar; a Poem, 1807. 
 
 Durston, Win., M.D. Med. con. to Phil. Trans.. 
 1669, '70. 
 
 Dury, Alex. De Terrse Motu, Genev., 1721, 4to. 
 
 Dury, John, a Scotchman and a Jesuit Confutatio 
 Responsionis G. Whitakeri, <fec., Paris, 1582, 8vo. 
 
 Dury, John, a Scotch divine, who laboured to unite 
 the Lutherans and the Calvinists, and subsequently to pro 
 mote a union between all Christians. Among his works 
 are Consultatio theologico super negocio Pacis Ecclesiast, 
 Lon., 1641, 4to. A Model of Ch. Government, 1647, 4to. 
 Earnest plea for Gospel Communion, 1654. Summary 
 
DUS 
 
 Platform of Divinity, 1654. See a list of others in Watt's 
 Bibl. Brit. The piety, zeal, and excellent design of Dury 
 entitle his memory to great respect. See Tanner ; Mosheim ; 
 Benzelius's Sketch of Dury, Helmstadt, 1744 ; Burnet'fl 
 Life of Bedell; Ward's Gresham Professors. 
 
 Dusautoy, Frederick. 20 Serms. suitable to the 
 times, on the first part of the Book of Common Prayer, 
 Lon., 1845, 12mo. 
 
 Dusautoy, J. A. Reckoner, 1805, 8vo. 
 Dutens, Lewis, 1729-1812, a native of Tours, in 
 France, took orders in the Church of England, and became 
 Rector of Elsdon, Northumberland. Among his works 
 are the following : Recherches sur 1'Origine des Decou- 
 yertes, Ac., Paris, 1766, 2 vols. Svo; trans, into English, 
 and pub. at London, 1769, 8vo. M6moires d'un Voyagenr, 
 bc.i.e. Memoirs of a Traveller now in Retirement; con 
 taining Historical, Political, and Literary Anecdotes rela 
 tive to Several of the Principal Personages of the Age, 
 Lon., 1806, 3 vols. 8vo. An interesting work. Biblio- 
 theque Complete et Choisie dans toutes les Classes et dans 
 la plupart des Langues, Lon., 1812, Svo. See a notice of 
 these and other works of Mr. Dutens in Gent Mag., Ixxxii., 
 Pt. 2, 197, and a long Memoir of him, afterwards printed 
 in 4to, from Mr. Nichols, in same vol., 391. 
 
 Dutfield, James. Moths, Ac., 1748, '49, 4to. 
 Duthy, John. 1. Provisions. 2. Corn, 1800, '01. 
 Dutton, Francis. South Australia and its Mines, 
 Lon., 1846, Svo. 
 
 "The best book which has yet issued from the press, descriptive 
 of the resources of this thriving colony." ion. Mining Journal. 
 
 Button, H. F. History made Easy, 1799-1809, 3 
 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Dutton, Hely. Obs. on Archer's Statis. Survey of 
 the Co. of Dublin, Dubl., 1802, Svo. Statis. and Agricult. 
 Surveys of the Counties of Clare and Galway, Dubl., 1809 
 and 1814, Svo. 
 
 "The condition and usages of these remote and benighted parts 
 of Ireland are very sensibly delineated by the author, who seems 
 to have well known the statistics and circumstances which required 
 the representation." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Dutton, Henry. Connecticut Digest, N. Haven, 1833 
 Svo. The arrangement of this Digest is analytical instead 
 of alphabetical, viz. : 1st, Rights of Persons ; 2d, Of Things ; 
 3d, Of Wrongs and their Remedies; 4th, Of Chancery; 
 5th, Of Crimes. 
 
 Dutton, John, alias Prince Dutton. Farewell to 
 Temple-Bar, 1694, 4to. 
 
 Dutton, M. R., 1783-1S25, of N. Haven, Connecticut, 
 pub. a Course of Mathematics. 
 
 Dutton, Matthew. Abridgt. of Irish Statutes, Dubl., 
 1718, 4to. Office of Sheriffs, &c. in Ireland, 1709, '21, 
 Svo. Law of Landlord and Tenants in do., 1726, 2 vols. 
 Svo ; of Masters and Servants, 1723, 8vo ; of a Justice of 
 the Peace, 1726; by Warren, 1727, Svo. 
 
 " Like all the other books of this author, it merits little praise. 1 
 -Pre/, to Smyth's Justice, 6. 
 
 Dutton, Thomas, Guy Nott, and John Glover. 
 Warnings of the Eternal Spirit to the City of Edinburgh 
 in Scotland, Lon., 1710, Svo. 
 
 Dutton, Thomas. Pizarro in Peru, from the German 
 of Kotzebue, Lon., 1799, Svo. The Literary Census; a 
 Satirical Poem, 1798, Svo. The Wise Man of the East; a 
 Satirical Poem, 1800, Svo. Dramatic Censor, or Weekly 
 Review, Lon., 1800, '01, 4 vols. Svo. Geo. III., 1802, Svo, 
 Other works. 
 
 Duval. Digest of the Laws of Florida, 1840. 
 Duval, Francis. Reasons for refusing to continue a 
 member of the Ch. of Rome, and for joining the Ch. of 
 England ; addressed to his children, Lon., 1846, 12mo. 
 Duval, M. Sup. to Smith's Optics, 1785, 4to. 
 Du Val, Michael. Rosa Hispani-Anglica, <fec., 4to 
 .Duverger. Works on French, Lon., 1784-1812. 
 Duyckinck, Evert A., of the city of New York, has 
 gained considerable reputation as a critic and accomplishec 
 essayist. He was the first editor of the New York Literary 
 World, (pub. 1847-53,) and, after occupying the chair for 
 about two years, resigned his post to Mr. Charles Fenno 
 Hoffman. In about a year after this change Mr. Duyckinck 
 became proprietor and again editor of the periodical. He 
 was assisted in his labours by his brother, George L 
 Duyckinck. In conjunction with his friend Cornelius 
 Mathews, Mr. E. A. D. edited Arcturus, a Journal of Books 
 and Opinions. This periodical was continued for abou 
 two years. Mr. D. has also contributed to the New York 
 Quarterly Review, (pub. 1837-42,) the Democratic Review 
 ttie Morning News, and other periodicals. A highly-com 
 plimentary notice of this gentleman will be found in E. A 
 Poe's Literati. Mr. E. A. Duyckinck and his brother, Mr 
 
 DWI 
 
 George L. Duyckinck, also an accomplished scholar, are 
 the authors of the Cyclopedia of American Literature, 
 embracing Personal and Critical Notices of Authors, and 
 Selections from their Writings, from the Earliest Period to 
 ;he Present Day, with portraits, autographs, and other 
 ^lustrations, N. York, 1856, 2 vols. r. Svo. This work has 
 >een highly commended by Washington Irving, Edward 
 Everett, Wm. H. Prescott, Hon. George Bancroft, and 
 ther eminent scholars; and it well deserves a place in 
 every American library. We acknowledge our indebted 
 ness to it for many facts in regard to American authors. 
 Dr. Griswold wrote a criticism on it, which appeared in 
 the New York Herald, Feb. 13, 1856, and which he after 
 wards pub. in pamphlet form. Edited Wit and Wisdom 
 of Sydney Smith, with a Memoir, 1856, 12mo. 
 
 Duyckinck, George L., of the city of New York, 
 lias contributed a number of essays and reviews to the 
 periodicals of the day. Life of George Herbert, N.Y., 1858. 
 Dwarris, F. Juvenile Essays in Verse, 1805. A 
 General Treatise on the Statutes, their rules of construc 
 tion, and the proper Boundaries of Legislative and Judicial 
 Interpretation, Lon., 1830, '31, 2 vols. Svo. See Lieber's 
 Hermeneutics. Criminal Justice in the W. Indies, 1827, Svo. 
 D wight, Rev. H. G. O. Christianity revived in the 
 East, N. York, 12mo ; Lon., 1850, p. 8vo. Memoir of Mrs. 
 Elizabeth 0. Dwight, N. York, 12mo. 
 
 Dwight, Henry C., of New Haven, Conn., d. 1832. 
 Travels in the North of Germany in the years 1825, '26, 
 N. York, 1826. 
 
 "This work contains many valuable details, not unmingled, 
 however, with mistakes, which a longer residence, a closer obser 
 vation, or more preparatory study, might have enabled a foreign 
 tourist to avoid." North American Review^. 
 
 Dwight, John S., Translator, in conjunction with 
 others, of Select Minor Poems from the German of Goethe 
 and Schiller, with Notes, Boston, 12mo, pp. 439, being vol. 
 iii. of Ripley's Specimens of Foreign Standard Literature, 
 Boston, 14 vols. 12mo. 
 
 "With a proper allowance for the difficulties of the task, we 
 may, with a good conscience, congratulate Mr. Dwight on his gene 
 ral success. Many of the translations are extremely well done." 
 GEORGE BANCROFT, in N. Amer. Bev., xlviii. 506. 
 
 Dwight, M. A. Grecian and Roman Mythology, 
 with Preface by Prof. Tayler Lewis, N. York, 1849, 12mo, 
 and some on large paper, Svo. 
 
 " Admirably adapted to make the subject intelligible and attract 
 ive to teachers and pupils in classical schools, and in the higher 
 English seminaries." PROF. W. S. TYLER, of Amherst College. 
 
 Dwight, N. Lives of the Signers of the Declaration 
 of Independence, N. York, 12mo. 
 
 Dwight, Samuel. De Vomitione, Ac., Lon., 1722, 
 Svo. De Hydropibus, 1725, Svo. De Febribus, 1731, Svo. 
 Dwight, Sereno O., D.D., 1786-1S50, a native 
 of ' Greenfield, Connecticut, was a son of Dr. Timothy 
 Dwight, President of Yale College. In 1803 he graduated 
 at Yale College, where he was for some time a tutor. He 
 subsequently studied law, which he resigned for divinity. 
 His best-known publications are a life of his great-grand 
 father, Jonathan Edwards, and an edition of his works, 
 1830, 10 vols. Svo; and the Hebrew Wife, (an Illustration 
 of the Jewish Laws of Marriage,) pub. in 1836. See In 
 ternational Mag., N. York, 1850, ii. 195. A vol. of Dr. 
 Dwight's Select Discourses, with a Memoir of his Life, by 
 W. T. Dwight, D.D., has been pub. since his decease. 
 
 Dwight, Theodore. Hist, of the Hartford Conven 
 tion, 1833, Svo. See N. American Rev., xxxix. 208. Mr. 
 Dwight was secretary of the Convention. Character of 
 Thomas Jefferson, 1839, 12mo. Diet, of Roots and Deri 
 vations. Schoolmaster's Friend. The Father's Book, 
 12mo. The Roman Republic of 1849, 12mo. 
 
 Dwight, Theodore, Jr. Hist, of Connecticut, N. 
 York, 1841, 18mo. Summer Tour in Northern and Middle 
 States. 
 
 Dwight, Timothy, D.D., May 14, 1752-January 11, 
 1817, was a native of Northampton, Massachusetts. His 
 father was a merchant, a man of exemplary character and 
 cultivated mind, who had been so fortunate as to obtain in 
 marriage the hand of Mary, the third daughter of the cele 
 brated Jonathan Edwards. We say fortunate, for Mrs. 
 Dwight was worthy of her illustrious parentage, and under 
 her assiduous care the young Timothy had more than the 
 mere name to remind him of his scriptural namesake. 
 When 13 years of age he entered Yale College, and in 
 1769 graduated with distinguished honours. His varied 
 acquirements eminently qualified him for the office of tutor 
 in his alma mater; and when he resigned this post at the 
 age of 25, the students almost to a man signed a petition 
 to the corporation that he should be called to the presi 
 dential chair. The presentation of this request was only 
 
 635 
 
DWI 
 
 prevented by the interference of the object of such flatter- 
 When about 19, Dwight commenced the composition of | 
 his principal poem, an epic in eleven books, entitled The j 
 Conquest of Canaan ; completed in 1774, when the author 
 was not quite 23 years of age. 
 
 " We are inclined to think there is something too unpoetical in 
 the author's adaptation of manners to the persons of his poem. 
 He has studied (to use his own words) 'a medium between abso 
 lute barbarism and modern refinement. In the best characters, 
 he has endeavoured to represent such manners as are removed 
 from the peculiarities of any age or country, and might belong to 
 the amiable and virtuous of every age.' . . . Corresponding with 
 the laws which the author prescribed to himself in his Conquest 
 of Canaan, he made every thing too common. There is little that 
 is really distinctive, little that is truly oriental, about any of his 
 persons or scenes. A certain equable current of unexceptionable, 
 and oftentimes pleasing, thoughts and expressions flows through 
 the poem. It is occasionally animated, and, in description, some- 
 times picturesque and poetical. The versification, though greatly 
 monotonous, having little variety in the pauses, is for the most j 
 part uncommonly smooth. In the expression of strong emotion, i 
 there is avoidance of all offensive extravagance, if it do not reach 
 the genuine ardour or pathos of the highest order of poetry. 
 Having said thus much, we fear we have said all that is due to this | 
 poetical work; nor do we say this to deduct any thing from the 
 high and well-deserved reputation of President Dwight. It is but 
 the lot of a single man to excel in every thing; and it is often our 
 misfortune to make a false estimate of our own powers, and to 
 stake too much of our intellectual wealth on the race in which we 
 are unable to reach the goal.'' S. WILLARD, N. Amer. Rev., vii. 347. 
 " Some of the passages which I have quoted from the Conquest 
 of Canaan are doubtless equal to any American poetry produced 
 at this period." Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America, to which j 
 we acknowledge our obligations for many of the facts narrated in 
 this article. 
 
 In 1777 Dwight was licensed to preach in the Congrega 
 tional Church, and in the same year entered the army as a 
 chaplain; resigned his commission in 1778; became pastor' 
 of the Congregational Church in Greenfield, Conn., 1783; 
 President of Yale College from 1795 until his death in 
 1817. Besides acting as President, Dr. Dwight discharged 
 the responsibilities appertaining to the posts of stated 
 preacher, professor of theology, and instructor of the Se 
 nior Class. The following is a list of his works : 
 
 1. America, a Poem in the style of Pope's Windsor Fo 
 rest, 1772. 2. The History, Eloquence, and Poetry of the 
 Bible, 1772. 3. The Conquest of Canaan, an Epic Poem, 
 1785. 4. An Election Sermon, 1791. 5. The Genuineness 
 and Authenticity of the New Testament, 1793. 6. Green 
 field Hill, a Poem, 1794. 7. The Triumph of Infidelity, a 
 Satire, 1797. 8. Two Discourses on the Nature and Dan 
 ger of Infidel Philosophy, 1797. 9. Serm. on the death of 
 Eliza Goodrich, 1797. 10. The Duty of Americans in the 
 Present Crisis, 1798. 11. Discourse on the Character of 
 Washington, 1800. 12. Discourse on some Events in the 
 last Century, 1801. 13. Serm. on the death of E. G. Marsh, 
 1804. 14. Sermon on Duelling, 1805. 15. Sermon at the 
 Andover Theolog. Seminary, 1808. 16. Serm. on the ordi 
 nation of E. Pearson, 1808. 17. Sermon on the death of 
 Governor Trumbull, 1809. 18. Sermon on Charity, 1810. 
 
 19. Sermon at the ordination of N. W. Taylor, 1812. 
 
 20. Serm. oh two days of Public Fasting, 1812. 21. Serm. 
 before the Amer. Bd. of Foreign Missions, 1813. 22. Re 
 marks on a Review of Inchiquin's Letters, pub. in Lon. 
 Quar. Rev. for Jan., 1814, addressed to the R. H. George 
 Canning, Esq., by an Inhabitant of New England, 1815. 
 23. Observations on Language, 1816. 24. Essay on Light, 
 1816. 25. Theology Explained and Defended, in a Series 
 of 173 Sermons, Middletown, Conn., 1818, Ac., 5 vols. 8vo; 
 Lon., 1819, 5 vols. 8vo; 1822, 5 vols. 8vo; 1823, 5 vols. 8vo ; 
 1824, 5 vols. 18rno; 1827, 5 vols. 18mo; 1828, 6 vols. 24mo; 
 1840, 5 vols. 18mo; 5 vols. 8vo; 1 vol. imp. 8vo. New 
 Amer. edit, with Memoir of the Author, N. York, 1846, 4 
 vols. 8vo. 26. Serms., Edin., 1828, 2 vols. 8vo. 27. Travels 
 in New England and New York, New Haven, 1821, 4 vols. 
 8vo; N. York, 1822, 4 vols. 8vo; Lon., 1823, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 These notes of travels are the results of historical, topo 
 graphical, and statistical collections made during trips in 
 the summer vacations. 
 
 "The work before us, though the humblest in its pretences, is 
 the most importantof his writings, and will derive additional value 
 from time, whatever may become of his poetry and of his sermons. 
 ... A wish to gratify those who, a hundred years hence, might 
 feel curiosity concerning his native country, made him resolve to 
 prepare a faithful description of its existing state. He made notes, 
 therefore, and collected on the spot. . . . The remarks upon natu 
 ral history are those of an observant and sagacious man who makes 
 no pretensions to science; they are more interesting, therefore, 
 than those of a merely scientific traveller; and, indeed, science is 
 not less indebted to such observers, than history to the faithful 
 chroniclers and humbler annalists of former times." ROBERT SOU 
 THEY, in Lon. Quar. Rev., xxx. 1. 
 
 One would hardly suppose, from the disparaging refer- 
 536 
 
 DYC 
 
 ence which Mr. Southey makes to Dr. Dwight's " Sermons," 
 that his "Theology" was even at that time (1823) in high 
 estimation with the best judges; yet such was the case: 
 nor is there much danger that this profound and compre 
 hensive work will ever lose the position which it has so 
 justly acquired: 
 
 "No production of the transatlantic press has met with so fa 
 vourable a reception in this country, and experienced so extensive 
 a circulation, as this work of President Dwight. Nor is its popu 
 larity likely to be ephemeral. It bears the impress of a most pow 
 erful mind, and will pass down to posterity, both in the Old and 
 New World, as the work of one of the master-spirits of the Chris 
 tian Church." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " Few books have been more cordially received, or more widely 
 circulated, than this work of Professor Dwight. The doctrinal sen 
 timents which it contains are those of moderate Calvinism; the 
 arrangement is distinct and methodical, [Mr. Orme thinks other 
 wise;] the general st3'le and manner chaste and neat, well adapted 
 to the development of a scheme of didactic theology. It is not 
 a work of extraordinary depth or originality of thought; but is 
 worth reading, and is very useful as a book of reference." Wil 
 liams' s Christian Preacher. 
 
 "Dwight's theology, while we agree not in its statements on 
 church government, and long to see in it more of that divine unc 
 tion which draws the heart to the full enjoyment of communion 
 with God in Christ, is still the work of a powerful and intelligent 
 mind, holding scriptural views of divine truth." iclersteth's 
 Christian Student. 
 
 The reader should peruse the Life of Dr. Dwight, by his 
 son Sereno 0. Dwight, D.D., (see the name,) the biography 
 by Dr. Sprague, and consult Griswold's Prose Writers of 
 America, and Poets and Poetry of America, for specimens 
 of the compositions of a writer whose name casts no feeble 
 lustre upon the literary annals of America. 
 
 Dwyer, P. W. The Shield of G. Brit, and Ireland; 
 a Poem, Lon., 1803, 4to. The Soldier of Fortune; a Co 
 medy, 8vo. 
 
 Dyason, Wm. Poet, and Prose Works, 1804, 7 vols. 
 Dyce, Rev. Alexander, b. at Edinburgh, June 30, 
 1797, is a son of General Dyce, who was attached to the 
 East India service. He was educated at Edinburgh and 
 Oxford ; took holy orders, and served as curate at Lante- 
 glos in Cornwall, and Nayland in Suffolk. In 1827 he made 
 London his permanent residence. In this year he pub. 
 Specimens of British Poetesses, selected and chronologi 
 cally arranged, cr. 8vo. The Select Translations from 
 Quintus Smyrnaeus gave the world an opportunity to judge 
 of Mr. Dyce's classical scholarship, and he has evinced his 
 critical acumen and intimate acquaintance with the myste 
 ries of old English literature by his editions of Greene, 
 Webstei^ Shirley, Middleton, Skelton, Beaumont and 
 Fletcher, Marlowe, Peele, Bentley, Collins, Shakspeare, 
 Pope, Akenside, Beattie, Kemp's Nine Days' Wonder, the 
 tragedies of Timon and Sir Thomas More, Wotton's Poems, 
 Porter's Angrie Women of Abington, and some of Dray- 
 ton's Poems. To these must be added Specimens of Eng 
 lish Sonnets from the Earl of Surrey to Wordsworth, 
 Remarks on Collier's and Knight's editions of Shakspeare, 
 A Few Notes on Shakspeare, a review of Mr. Collier's 
 newly-discovered folio, pub. in 1853, and his new and 
 complete ed. of the works of William Shakspeare. The 
 text revised. With account of the Life, Plays, and edi 
 tions of Shakspeare, Notes, Ac., 6 vols. demi 8vo. Fine 
 Portrait, from the Stratford Bust. Completed, 1858. 
 
 " The long and anxiously expected labours of Mr. Dyce have at 
 last furnished what was most wanted an edition of the great 
 poet presenting the most perfect text now to be obtained, with 
 brief annotations, sufficient for all practical purposes." Lon. Athen. 
 "Mr. Dyce not unfrequently injures the real value of his own 
 knowledge by displaying something of the same sneering and 
 self-satisfied temper with which Steevens was accustomed to assail 
 his brother commentators." Knight's Eng. Cyc., Div. Biog., vol. ii. 
 Mr. Dyce is said to be now engaged upon a translation 
 of Athenaeus. We have already had occasion to refer to 
 some of the labours of this industrious commentator, and 
 shall have other opportunities as we pass under review the 
 authors whose merits he has illustrated and whose obscuri 
 ties he has explained. As to the erudition and critical 
 taste of Mr. Dyce in the department of literature which 
 he has selected, we presume there will be no question, save 
 perhaps on the part of that rivalry which is always slow 
 to perceive merit in dissent. The following brief testi 
 monies from three eminent authorities must suffice for the 
 present article : 
 
 " We take this opportunity of expressing our very high opinion 
 of the diligence, skill, and judgment of the Kev. Alexander Dyce, 
 whose editions of Peele, Greene, and Webster, leave little to desire, 
 and still less to improve." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 We think that no materials ever laid before the public are so 
 well calculated to advance the intelligent study of our immortal 
 poet [Shakspeare] as Mr. Dyce's unpretending and excellent editions 
 of Peele and Greene." Edin. Rev. 
 
 "The acknowledged reputation of Mr. Dyce as a reformer of cor- 
 
DYC 
 
 rupt texts is too widely extended to be increased by our eulogy. 
 Suffice it then to state that he has spared neither industry nor 
 pains to produce a perfect copy of these immortal dramas, [Plays 
 of Beaumont and Fletcher."] Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 The same excellent periodical thus compliments Mr. 
 Dyce's late publication A Few Notes on Shakspeare, 1853 : 
 
 " Mr. Dyce's Notes are peculiarly delightful, from the stores of j 
 illustration with which his extensive reading, not only among our j 
 writers, but among those of other countries, especially of the Italian j 
 poets, has enabled him to enrich them. All that he has recorded 
 is valuable. We read his little volume with pleasure and close it 
 with resrret." 
 
 Dyche, Thomas. Educational Works, 1710, <&c. 
 Dyckman, Jacob, M.D., 1788-1822, a native of 
 Yonkers, West Chester co., N. York, practised medicine in 
 the city of N. York. Pathology of Human Fluids. Dun 
 can's Dispensatory, 1818. Adipocire; Trans. N. Y. Ly 
 ceum. He contemplated writing a work on the Vegetable 
 Materia Medica of the U. States, and had made collections 
 for this purpose. 
 
 Dyde, W. Hist, and Antiq. of Tewkesbury, Tewk., 
 1790, 8vo; 2d ed., with addits., 1798, 8vo. 
 
 Dyer, Sir Edward, b. about 1540 ? d. a few years after 
 the accession of James L, was employed in several foreign 
 embassies by Elizabeth. He was educated at Oxford, 
 studied chemistry, associated with Dr. Dee and Edward 
 Kelly, and was thought to be a Rosicrucian. He wrote 
 pastoral odes and madrigals, some of which will be found 
 in England's Helicon, repub. in the Brit. Bibliographer. 
 A number of his compositions are still in MS. See Athen. 
 Oxon. ; Brydges's Phillips's Theatrum Poetarum; Brit. 
 Bibliog. j Ellis's Specimens; Gent. Mag., 1813, p. 525. 
 
 Dyer, George, of Clifford's Inn, 1755-1841. An En 
 quiry into the Nature of Subscription to the 39 Articles, 
 1790, 8vo; enlarged 1792; against subscription. Poems, 
 1792, 4to. Poems and Critical Essays on Poetry, 1802, 2 
 vols. 8vo. Poetics, 1812, 2 vols. 8vo. Four Letters on the 
 Eng. Constitution, 1813, 8vo. History of the University 
 and Colleges of Cambridge, including notices relating to 
 the Founders and Eminent Men, 1814, 2 vols. 8vo. The 
 Privileges of the University of Cambridge, together with 
 additional observations on its History, Antiquities, Litera 
 ture, and Biography, 1824, 2 vols. 8vo. Other works. He 
 contributed the original portions (save the preface) to Val- 
 py's Classics, 141 vols. On this work he was engaged from 
 1819 to 1830. He edited two plays of Euripides and the 
 Greek Testament. Charles Lamb says of Dyer, besides a 
 notice which we do not care to repeat, of two vols. of his 
 poems, pub. in 1802: 
 
 " D. is delightful everywhere, but he is best in such places as 
 these. . . . When he goes about with you to show you the Halls 
 and Colleges, you think you have got with you the interpreter of 
 the House Beautiful." ELIA. 
 
 Dyer, George, of Exeter. Restoration of the ancient 
 Modes of bestowing Names on the Rivers, Hills, &c., Exe 
 ter, 1805, 8vo. 
 
 Dyer, Dier, or Deyer, Sir James, 1511-1582, an 
 eminent lawyer of the Middle Temple, London, Speaker 
 of the H. of Commons, 1552 ; Chief Justice Common Pleas, 
 1559, '60. Reports K. B., C. P., Ex. and Ch., 4 Hen. VIII.- 
 24 Eliz., (1513-1582.) In French, Lon., 1585, fol., 1592, 
 1601, '02, '06, '09, '21, '72. With addits. of Lord Treby's, 
 1 688, fol. In English, by John Vaillant, with addits., 1794, 
 3 vols. 8vo. Abridgt. in English by Sir Thomas Ireland, 
 1651, 8vo. Abridgts. in French, and law tracts. His Read 
 ing on Wills was pub. with Brograve on Jointures, and 
 Risden on Forcible Entries, 1648, 4to. Dyer's Reports 
 have been highly commended: 
 
 " Unto the painfull and diligent student they will both now 
 sufficiently delight to read, and afford plentifull store of matter 
 worthie his travaile." LORD COKE. 
 
 " Some humours do more fancy Plowden for his fulness of argu 
 ment and plain kind of proof; others do more like Dyer for his 
 strictness and brevity." Fulbeck's Directions. 
 
 Dyer, Rev. John, 1700-1758, son of Robert Dyer, a 
 Welsh solicitor, was educated at Westminster School. He 
 was for a short time employed in the study of the law, but 
 abandoned it for the life of an itinerant artist. He subse 
 quently took holy orders, and had conferred on him the 
 livings of Calthorpe, Coningsby, Bedford, and Kirkby. 
 Grongar Hill; a Poem, 1727. 
 
 "Grongar Hill is the happiest of his productions: it is not, in 
 deed, very accurately written ; but the scenes which it displays are 
 so pleasing, the images which they raise are so welcome to the 
 mind, and the reflections of the writer so consonant to the general 
 sense or experience of mankind, that when it is once read, it will 
 be read again." DR. JOHNSON: Life, of Dyer. 
 
 The Ruins of Rome, a Poem in Blank Verse, Lon., 1740, 
 4to. This was elicited by a visit to Italy ; it was not so 
 much admired as its predecessor. The Fleece, a Poem in 
 four books, 1757, 4to. This work treats of 
 
 "The care of sheep, the labours of the loom." 
 
 DYM 
 
 Dr. Johnson considers the subject an impracticable one 
 for poetry : 
 
 " The woolcomber and the poet appear to me such discordant 
 natures, that an attempt to bring them together is to couple the, 
 serpent with the fowl. ... Let me, however, honestly report what 
 ever may counterbalance this weight of censure. I have been told 
 that Akenside, who, upon a poetical question, has a right to be 
 heard, said, ' That he would regulate his opinion of the reigning 
 taste by the fate of Dyer's Fleece, for, if that were ill received, he 
 should not think it any longer reasonable to expect feme from ex 
 cellence.' "Ubi supra. 
 
 Dr. Drake considers Johnson's " stern critique as unjust, 
 and devotes several pages to Dyer's vindication : 
 
 " But for the harsh censure of the author of the Rambler, the 
 pages of Dyer would now, perhaps, have been familiar to every 
 lover and judge of nervous and highly finished description. . . . 
 To refute his strictures upon Dyer can prove a task of no very 
 formidable kind, and may restore to due rank a poem which con 
 tains a vast variety of landscapes, drawn and coloured in the most 
 spirited and fascinating style." See Drake's Literary Hours, i. 160, 
 et seq. ; ii. 35. 
 
 A collective edit, of Dyer's works was pub. in 1761, 8vo. 
 Dyer, Richard. A Bleeding Saviour; on 1 Cor. v. 
 7, Lon., 1676, 8vo. 
 
 Dyer, Samuel, 1725 F-1772, a man of considerable 
 learning, revised in 1758 the English edit, of Plutarch's 
 Lives. In this he trans, anew the lives of Demetrius and 
 Pericles. Malone asserts him to have been the author of 
 the Letters of Junius, but offers no proof to support this 
 assumption. 
 
 Dyer, Thomas H. Life of John Calvin, and extracts 
 from his Correspondence, Lon., 1849, p. 8vo. 
 
 " A careful, painstaking, and elaborate book, grounded upon ori 
 ginal documents, especially Calvin's epistles, and the various bio 
 graphies of him that have appeared from the time of Beza to the 
 three contemporary German volumes of Dr. Henry." Lon. Athe 
 naeum. 
 
 Dyer, Wm., d. 1696, aged 60, a Nonconformist divine, 
 was ejected in 1662. Late in life he became a Quaker. 
 Serms., <fec., 1663, '66, '83. Dyer's style has been thought 
 to resemble Bunyan's. 
 Dygbey, or Dygbeius. See DIGBY. 
 Dyke, Daniel, d. about 1614, a Puritan divine of great 
 learning and piety, educated at Cambridge, was minister 
 of Coggeshall, Essex, and at one time settled at St. Alban's. 
 He was suspended in 1588. Self-Deceiving, Lon., 1614, 
 4to. Repentance, 1631, 4to. 
 
 "These treatises are very searching. His doctrine fells as the 
 small rain upon the tender herb, and as the showers upon the grass. 
 His works are well written for the tunes." Williams's Christian 
 Preacher. 
 
 Six Evangelical Histories, 1617, 4to. Philemon, 1618, 
 4to. Christ's Temptation, 1631, 4to. Works, (6th edit, of 
 some of them,) pub. by Jeremiah Dyke, 1635, 4to. 
 
 Bishop Wilkins considers Dyke's sermons as among the 
 best of his time. 
 
 " The writings of Dyke have a singular flavour and vigour in 
 them." Mather's Student. 
 
 Dyke, Jeremiah, d. 1620, brother of the preceding, 
 and also a Puritan divine, was Minister of Epping, Sussex, 
 in 1609. Sermons and theolog. treatises, Lon., 1619-40. 
 Worthy Communicant, 1642, 8vo. 
 Dyke, T. Webb. Verses, Ac., 1811, 8vo. 
 Dykes. The Royal Marriage ; King Lemuel's Lesson, 
 Lon., 1722, 8vo. 
 
 Dykes, Oswald. Moral Reflections upon Select 
 
 English Proverbs, Lon., 1708, 8vo. Discourses, 1722, 8vo. 
 
 Dyllingham, Francis. Serm., Camb., 1605, 12mo. 
 
 Dymock, John. - Editions of Caesar, Sallust, <fec., for 
 
 schools; Ruddiman's Latin Rudiments, Glasg., 1812, '19, 
 
 Ac. 
 
 " Mr. Dymock is, by his publications, proving himself a great 
 friend to the rising generation ; and they well deserve the popu 
 larity and public favour they have received." Lon. Lit. Gazette. 
 
 Dymond, Jonathan, 1796-1828, a native of Exeter, 
 England, was a member of the Society of Friends,, and a 
 linen-draper. In 1823 he pub. an Inquiry into the Accord- 
 ancy of War with the Principles of Christianity. This 
 work did much to promote that earnest advocacy of Peace 
 between nations which in our day has so startled and 
 amazed the diplomatists of the Old School. Dymond had 
 been deeply persuaded of the great influence for good 
 which could be effected by a comprehensive exhibition of 
 the true principles of morality as based upon the only in 
 fallible standard, the Word of God. To a preparation of 
 a work of this character he devoted himself with great 
 assiduity ; rising early to his pleasing task, and embracing 
 every interval of leisure from business to forward his phi 
 lanthropic design. 
 
 In May, 1828, whilst preparing his work for publication, 
 he died of a consumption, from which he had been a severe 
 sufferer since the spring of 1826. His Essay on the Prin 
 ciples of Morality, and on the Private and Political Rights 
 
 637 
 
DYM 
 
 and Obligations of Mankind, was pub. in London, in 1829, 
 2 vols. 8vo. The 5th edit, appeared in 1852, Lon., 8vo. 
 Several edits, have been circulated in America also. A 
 long review of this work by Robert Southey, will be found 
 in the London Quarterly Review, xliv. 83-120. Whilst we 
 do not pretend to endorse all of Mr. Dymond's premises 
 and conclusions, yet we must record our conviction that 
 his essay is one of the most valuable works in the lan 
 guage, and should be carefully studied by all who would 
 desire to maintain " a conscience void of offence towards God 
 and man." 
 
 "Whether we regard the soundness of his reasonings, the tem 
 per, candour, and wisdom of his conclusions, the elegance of his 
 style, the felicity of his illustrations, or the singularly excellent 
 spirit which pervades the whole, it is entitled to rank high in the 
 highest class of ethical productions." PROFESSOR GEORGE BUSH : 
 
 "Hetakes the word of God as his infallible standard of rectitude 
 by which to weigh all actions, and with a clear head and an honest 
 conscience he follows his principles wherever they lead, knowing 
 they can never lead wrong. It is amusing as well as instructive 
 to see with what ease he overthrows all the previous standards of 
 rectitude which various men had set up as utility, expediency, 
 Ac.; and establishes the great central truth, that the will of God 
 is the only infallible standard by which to judge concerning the 
 
 EAR 
 
 right or wrong of actions." PROF. C. D. CLEVELAND : English Lit. 
 of the 19th Century. 
 
 Dyos, John. A Sermon preached at Paules Crosse, 
 the 19th of Juli, 1579, Lon., 1599, 16mo. 
 
 Dysart, Earl of. Rational Catechism, Amst., 1712. 
 
 Dyson, Humphrey* A Booke containing all svch 
 Proclamations as were pvblished dvring the Raigne of the 
 late Qveene Elizabeth, Lon., 1618, fol. 
 
 Dyson, Jeremiah. Election for Middlesex, Lon., 
 4to. Epistle to Mr. Warburton, occasioned by his treat 
 ment of the author of the Pleasures of the Imagination, 
 Lon., 1744, Svo; anon. Dyson was the generous patron 
 of Akenside. See AKENSIDE, MARK, M.D. 
 
 Dyson, Richard R. The History and Antiquities 
 of the Parish of Tottenham-high-cross, by H. G. Oldfield 
 and Dyson, Lon., 1790, Svo; 2d ed., 1792, 8vo. 
 
 Dyson, Theophilus, Surgeon. Med. con. to Memoirs 
 Med., 1792, 1805. 
 
 Dyve, Sir Lewis. A Letter from him, giving an Ac 
 count of his Escape out of the Court of King's Bench, 
 1648, 4to. Letter to the Lord Marquis of Newcastle, giv 
 ing an account of the conduct of the King's Affairs in Ire 
 land from 1648 to 1650, Hague, 1650, 4to. 
 
 E. 
 
 Eachard, John, D.D., 1636-1697, a native of Suffolk, 
 England, admitted at Catherine Hall, Cambridge, 1653 ; 
 Fellow, 1658; Master, 1675. The Grounds and Occasions 
 of the Contempt of the Clergy and Religion Inquired into, 
 Lon., 1670, 8vo. Observ. upon the Answer to the Inquiry, 
 1671, 12mo. Hobbes's State of Nature Considered in a 
 Dialogue between Philautus and Timothy, 1672, 12mo. 
 Some Opinions of Hobbes's Considered in a 2d Dialogue 
 between Philautus and Timothy, 1673, 12mo. Noncon- 
 forming Preachers, 1673, 12mo. Works, 1705, Svo; 1714, 
 12mo. With a Life by Thos. Davies, with the assistance of 
 Drs. Johnson and Farmer, 1774, 3 vols. 12mo. Eachard's 
 Dialogues exposing the absurdity of Hobbes's so-called 
 philosophy, made even that conceited dogmatist sensitive : 
 " I was in company with Hobbes when he swore and cursed, and 
 raved like a madman at the mention of Dr. Eachard's Timothy and 
 Philautus." Da. HICKES. 
 
 Dr. Warton and Mr. Granger remark that Swift had evi 
 dently studied the works of Eachard. The divine was 
 noted for his success in ridicule, but on subjects of a serious 
 character did not appear to much advantage. Baker, of 
 St. John's College, Cambridge, was greatly disappointed 
 when he went to hear him preach, and Swift tells us 
 
 " I have known men happy enough at ridicule, who, upon grave 
 subjects, were perfectly stupid ; of which Dr. Eachard, of Cam 
 bridge, who writ The Contempt of the Clergy, was a great instance." 
 Eachard, John* Serms., 1645, '46, 4to. 
 Eachard. See ECHARD. 
 
 Eades, John. Clear and Comprehensive View of the 
 Gospel Ministry, 1787,8vo. Revised by J. Button, 1819,8vo. 
 Eadie, John. Scripture Paraphrases in Latin Verse. 
 Reign of Geo. III. and other Poems, Glasg., 1818, 12mo. 
 
 Eadie, John, D.D., LL.D., Prof, of Hermeneutics and 
 Evidences to the United Presbyterian Church. Biblical 
 Cyclopaedia, 6th ed., Lon. and Glasg., 1857, p. 8vo. 
 
 "We give it our most cordial and unhesitating recommenda 
 tion." ion. Evangel. Mag. 
 
 Concordance to the Scriptures, 12th ed., 1853. Dictionary 
 of the Bible for the Young, 1849, ISmo; 4th ed., 1855, sm. 
 8vo. Lectures on the Bible to the Young, 1848, 12mo j 2d 
 ed., 1852. Early Oriental History, 1851, p. 8vo. Comment, 
 on the Greek Text of St. Paul to the Ephesians, 1853, 8vo. 
 The Divine Love, a series of Doctrinal, Practical, and Ex 
 perimental Discourses, 1855, 12mo. Prof. Eadie is one of 
 the authors of Griffin's Cyclopaedia of Biography, edited 
 by Elihu Rich, Lon. and Glasg., 1854, p. 8vo. 
 
 Eadmer, d. 1124 ? the friend and biographer of Anselm, 
 was elected Bishop of St. Andrew's in Scotland, 1120, but 
 was never consecrated. His principal work is the Historia 
 Novorum, or History of his Own Times, 1066-1122. It 
 was first printed by Selden, Lon., 1623, fol. 
 
 A Life of St Anselm, 1093-1109. Often printed with 
 Anselm's works, and also by Wharton in the Anglia Sacra. 
 The Lives of St. Wilfrid, St. Oswald, St. Dunstan, and 
 others. Also in the Anglia Sacra. 
 Eadon, John. Arithmet. works, 1793, Ac. 
 Eagle, F. K., and E. Younge. Cases relating to 
 Tithes from the Reign of K. John to the 6th Geo. IV., 
 Lon., 1826, 4 vols. r. 8vo. An invaluable digest. 
 838 
 
 Eagle, Fra. New Theory of Pulmonary Consump 
 tion, Lon., 1839, 8vo. 
 
 Eagle, P. A. Life- Assurance Manual, Lon., 1852, 8vo. 
 
 Eagle, Win. 1. Making of Wills. 2. Case of Evans 
 v. Rowe, 1827. 3. Law of Tithes, 1836, 2 vols. r. 8vo. 4. 
 Acts for Commu. of Tithes; 3d ed., 1843, 12mo. 5. Magis- 
 ;rate's Pocket Companion; 2d ed., 1844, 12mo. 
 
 Eagles, Rev. John. 1. The Sketcher, Lon., 1856, 
 8vo. 2. Essays, 1857, 8vo. 3. Sonnets, 1858. See Lon. 
 Athen., 1858, Pt. 2, 137. 
 
 Eagles, Thomas. 1. Mountain Melodies, and other 
 Poems, Lon., 8vo. 2. Relvedder, Baron Kolff, and other 
 Poems, 8vo. 3. Brendallah ; a Poem, 1838, 8vo. 
 
 Ealred. See AILRED OP RIEVATJX. 
 
 Eames, Mrs. Elizabeth J., formerly Miss Jesup, a 
 native of New York, has contributed many excellent po 
 etical compositions to the New Yorker, The Tribune, Gra 
 ham's Magazine, and The Southern Literary Messenger. 
 The Crowning of Petrarch, Cleopatra, and the Sonnets to 
 Milton, Dryden, Addison, and Tasso are deserving of warm 
 commendation. 
 
 " She writes with feeling; but she regards poetry as an art, and 
 to the cultivation of it she brings her best powers. While thought 
 ful and earnest, therefore, her pieces are for the most part distin 
 guished for a taseteful elegance." Griswold's Female Poets o/Amer. 
 
 Eames, Jane A., of Massachusetts, is favourably 
 known as the authoress of My Mother's Jewel, Agnes and 
 Eliza, and other religious works for the young, pub. by the 
 Prot. Epis. S. S. Union. 
 
 Eames, John, d. 1744, pub. a number of papers on 
 mathematics, natural philos., Ac. in the Phil. Trans., 1726- 
 42. In conjunction with J. Martyn he pub. an abridgt. of 
 the Phil. Trans., 1719-1733, in 1734, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 Barbery, Matthias. Deism, 1697, 8vo. Power of 
 the Prince, 1717, 8vo. Hist, of the Clemency of our Eng 
 lish Monarchs, 1717, 8vo. Vindication of ditto, 1720, 12mo. 
 The Pretended Reformers, 1720, 8vo. Earl of Notting 
 ham's Answer to Whiston, Ac., 1721, 8vo. The Occasional 
 Historian, 4 Nos. in 1 vol. 8vo, 1730-32. Barbery under 
 went much persecution. 
 
 Earl, George W. Eastern Seas; or, Voyages and 
 Adventures in the Indian Archipelago, 1832, '33, '34, Lon., 
 1837, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Earl's volume contains much that is novel, communicated 
 in an unaffected and agreeable manner." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 Enterprise in Tropical Australia, 1846, p. 8vo. Native 
 Races of IndianArchipelago Papuans,(Ethnograph,Lib.,) 
 Lon., 1853, 8vo. Trans, of D. H. Kolff, Jr.'s Voyages of 
 the Dutch Brig of War Dourga. 
 
 Earle, Augustus. Residence in New Zealand in 
 1827, with a Journal of a Residence in Tristan d'Acunha, 
 
 "'wfr^Earle's journal gives us much curious information in a 
 very agreeable manner." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 Earl, Jabez, D.D., 1676F-1768, a dissenting minister, 
 pub. a number of serms., theolog. treatises, Ac., 1706-35. 
 Treatise on the Sacrament, 1707, Svo. Often reprinted. 
 New ed., 1816, Svo. His style is 
 
 " Judicious, pathetic, and very laconic." DR. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 A small collection of Poems in Latin and English. 
 
EAR 
 
 Earle, Sir James, Knt., Surgeon. Chirurgical Works 
 of Percival Pott, with a Life, Lon., 1790, 3 vols. 8vo ; 1808, 
 
 3 vols. 8vo. Hydrocele, 1791, 8vo; 3d ed., 1805. Opera 
 tion for the Stone, 1793, '96, 8vo. Curved Spine, 1799, 8vo. 
 Cataract, 1801, 8vo. Fractures, 1807, 8vo. Haemorrhoidal 
 Excrescences, 1807, 8vo. Calculus; see Phil. Trans., 1809. 
 
 Earle, or Earles, John, 1601-1665, entered at Mer- 
 ton Coll., Oxford, 1620, became chaplain and tutor to Prince 
 Charles, and accompanied him in his exile. On the Resto 
 ration he was made Dean of Westminster, consecrated 
 Bishop of Worcester in 1662, and transferred to Salisbury 
 in 1663. Microcosmographie ; or, A Peece of the World 
 discovered in Essayes and Characters, Lon., 1628, 8vo; 6th 
 ed., 1630, 12mo; 10th ed., Salisbury, 1786. New ed. (78 
 characters) with Notes and Appendix, by Philip Bliss, Lon., 
 1811, sm. 8vo. This ed. contains a Catalogue of the various 
 Writers of Character to the year 1700. 
 
 'Perhaps the most valuable collection of characters, previous to 
 the year 1700, is that published by Bishop Earle, in 1628, under the 
 title of Microcosmography, and which may be considered as a pretty 
 faithful delineation of many classes of characters as they existed 
 during the close of the sixteenth, and commencement of the seven 
 teenth, century." Drake's Shakspeare and His Times. 
 
 An Elegy upon Francis Beaumont, by Bishop Earle, will 
 be found printed at the end of Beaumont's Poems, 1640. 
 He trans, into Latin the Eikon Basilike, (Hague, 1649,) 
 and Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity; the last was destroyed 
 by the carelessness of his servants. The character of 
 Bishop Earle was most exemplary. Warton declares that 
 since the death of the celebrated Hooker, none have lived 
 
 "Whom God hath blest with more innocent wisdom, more sanc 
 tified learning, or a more pious, peaceable, primitive temper." 
 
 Bishop Burnet tells us that Earle 
 
 " Was the man of all the clergy for whom the king had the 
 greatest esteem." 
 
 Earle, Rev. John. Remarks on the Prefaces to the 
 first and second vols. of Dr. Geddes's Bible. 
 
 Earle, Wm., Jr. The Welshmen ; a Romance, 1801, 
 
 4 vols. Welsh Legends, 1801, 12mo. Trifles ; in Verse, 
 1803, 12mo. Obi ; or, Hist, of Three-fingered Jack, 12mo. 
 
 Earle, Wm. Benson, 1740-1796, reprinted from a 
 scarce pamphlet an exact Relation of the famous Earth 
 quake and Eruption of Mount Etna, 1669, to which he 
 added a Letter from himself to Lord Lyttelton, Lon., 1775, 
 8vo. Earle was a munificent benefactor to various chari 
 ties in Bristol, Winchester, and Salisbury. 
 
 Earlom, Richard, 1742-1822, an eminent engraver 
 of London. Liber Veritatis; or, A collection of Prints 
 after Claude Lorraine, with descriptions, Lon., 1777-1804, 
 3 vols. fol. Baker's sale, 257, vols. i. and ii., and Nos. 1 
 and 2 of vol. iii., 55 13s. Fonthill, 2250, 3 vols., 91 7*. 
 Portraits of Characters illustrious in English History, by 
 Rich. Earlom and Turner, 1813, 4to. 
 
 Earnest, Robert. Vaccination, Lon., 1807, 8vo. 
 
 Earnshaw, C. The Wreath; Poet. Gleanings, 1801, 
 8vo. 
 
 Earnshaw, James. Abstract of Penal and other 
 Statutes rel. to the Customs, Lon., 1793-1807, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Earnshaw, Thomas. Time-keepers, &c., Lon., 1806, 
 '09, 8vo. 
 
 Earnshaw, Wm., M.D. Profess. Case, Phil. Trans, iii. 
 
 Earnshaw, Wm. Laws rel. to Shipping, Ac., Lon., 
 1818, 8vo. Digest of Acts rel. to Shipping, &c., 1820, 8vo. 
 
 Earsden, John. Ayres, 1618. 
 
 Earuulph. See ERNULPH. * ' ,' , .' 
 
 Eason, Alex., M.D. Med. Com., 1776. 
 
 Eason, Alex., Surgeon. Med. Com., ii., v., viii. 
 
 Eason, L. Guide to Salvation, Bruges, 1693, 8vo. 
 
 East, D. J. Western Africa ; its Condition, and Chris 
 tianity the Means of its Recovery, Lon., 1844, 12mo. 
 
 " The analysis of your book embraces almost all the topics re 
 lating to Africa worthy of notice ; and if they are well handled, as 
 I have no doubt they will be, will form a very valuable and useful 
 work." Ttiomas Clarkson to the Author. 
 
 "I have read with great attention the analysis of your forth 
 coming book, with which I am much pleased." Sir T. F. JBuxton 
 to the Author. 
 
 East, Sir Edward Hyde. King's Bench Reports 
 1800-12, Lon., 1801-14, 16 vols. 8vo. New ed. by Thos 
 Day, Phila., 1817, 16 vols. 8vo. With Notes, by George M. 
 Wharton, of the Pbila. Bar, 1845, 16 vols. in 8, 8vo. No 
 thing is omitted in Mr. Wharton's ed., and the reader has 
 the advantage of his notes as well as those of Mr. Day. 
 The price of the last ed. is but $25. Mr. Day's ed. was 
 pub. at $72. The value of East's Reports is too well known 
 to render comment necessary. See DURNFOKD, C., and 
 EAST, E. II. 
 
 Pleas of the Crown; or a General Treatise on the Prin 
 ciples and Practice of Criminal Law, Lon., 1803, 2 vols. 
 
 EAS 
 
 8vo; Phila., 1806, 2 vols. In the preparation of this work 
 the compiler expended the industry of fifteen years. 
 
 "He has presented to the world a production which is entitled 
 to the praise of accuracy, neatness, and conciseness; a classical 
 performance in its kind." Lon. Monthly Review, 1. 420. 
 
 See Warren's Law Studies, 2d ed., 1845, 620. 
 
 East, John. Serm., 1819, 8vo. Sabbath Meditations 
 in Prose and Verse, 1828, 2 vols. 8vo. The Happy Moment, 
 1835, ISmo. Other works. 
 
 East, Thomas. Death-Bed Scenes, Lon., 1825, 12mo. 
 
 " A welcome companion on the bed of sickness and death." 
 Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 Other works. 
 
 Eastburn, Rev. James Wallis, d. 1819, aged 22, 
 an American poet, a native of New York, is best known as 
 a colleague of Robert C. Sands in the composition of Ya- 
 moyden, a Tale of the Wars of King Philip, pub. at New 
 York in 1820. Some interesting particulars concerning 
 Mr. Eastburn will be found in Griswold's Poets and Poetry 
 of America, llth ed., 1852, p. 213, article ROPERT C. SANDS. 
 
 Eastburn, Manton, D.D., Bishop of the Prot. Epis. 
 Church of Massachusetts, was born in England, Feb. 9, 
 1801. He was consecrated assistant bishop of Mass., Dec. 
 29, 1842, and in 1843, by the decease of Rt. Rev. W. Gris- 
 wold, became bishop of that diocese. Lectures on the 
 Epist. of St. Paul to the Philippians, N. York, 1833, 8vo. 
 Bp. E. has pub. a number of sermons and charges, edited 
 Thornton's Family Prayers, and delivered literary lectures 
 on various occasions. 
 
 Eastcott, Rev. Richard. Sketches of the Origin, 
 Progress, and Efiects of Music, Bath, 1793, 8vo. 
 
 "An entertaining compilation by an enthusiastic admirer of 
 music." Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 Easterbrook, Jos. Appeal to the Public, Bristol, 8vo. 
 
 Eastlake, Sir Charles Lock, an eminent painter, 
 b. at Plymouth, Devonshire, in 1793, was elected President 
 of the Royal Academy in 1850. 1. Trans, of Goethe's 
 Theory of Colours, Lon., 1840, 8vo. 2. F. Kugler's Hand- 
 Book of Painting, trans, by a Lady, edited by Sir Ch. L. E., 
 2 parts, r. 8vo, 1842, '43 ; 2d ed., 1851, 2 vols. p. 8vp. 
 
 "By for the best manual we are acquainted with." Lon. Eccle 
 siastic. 
 
 3. Materials for a Hist, of Oil Painting, 1847, 8vo. 
 
 " From the invention of oil painting to this day. Mr. Eastlake's 
 volume carefully examines and states every ascertainable particu 
 lar, and feirly settles questions of priority and merit." Lon. Lite 
 rary Gazette. 
 
 4. Contributions to the Literature of the Fine Arts, 1848, 
 8vo. 
 
 " There cannot be a doubt that a knowledge of the principles 
 which govern any branch of art must greatly increase the power 
 of the artist, as it certainly contributes materially to the pleasure 
 derived from its contemplation. But neither English painters nor 
 English critics are overstocked in this respect ; and both,may be 
 glad to receive, in a permanent form, such additions as Mr. East- 
 lake has here made to the literature of the fine arts." Lon. Exam. 
 
 Eastman, Charles G., an American poet, who has 
 been connected with the press at Burlington, Woodstock, 
 and Montpelier, Vermont, pub. a collection of his poems 
 in 1848, Montpelier, 18mo. He has been highly com 
 mended as a successful delineator of the "rural life of New 
 England." 
 
 Eastman, G. W., and Levi S. Fulton. Works 
 on Book-keeping and Penmanship ; pub. in New York. 
 
 Eastman, Mrs. Mary H., is a daughter of Dr. 
 Thomas Henderson, TJ. S. Army. In 1835 she was mar 
 ried to Capt. S. Eastman, U. S. A. ; and as a companion of 
 her husband at Fort Snelling and other frontier stations, 
 has enjoyed excellent opportunities of studying the Indian 
 character, which she has so graphically depicted. Mrs. 
 Eastman has pub. four works relating to the Aborigines 
 of America viz. 1. Dahcotah, or Life and Legends of the 
 Sioux, N. York, 1849, 12mo. 2. Romance of Indian Life, 
 Phila., 1852, 8vo. Orig. pub. in The Iris of 1852. 3. Ame 
 rican Aboriginal Portfolio, illustrated by S. Eastman, U. S. 
 Army, 1853, 4to. 4. Chicora, and other Regions of the 
 Conquerors and Conquered, 1854, sm. 4to. 
 
 "Of all the portraitures of Indian life and character that have 
 been given to the public, none, probably, have come more nearly 
 to the truth than those by Mrs. Eastman. Her books are among 
 the very best contributions to our native literature that have lately 
 appeared." PROF. HART: Female Prose Writers of America, q. v. 
 
 In 1852 Mrs. Eastman pub. a novel entitled Aunt Phillis's 
 Cabin, intended as a response to Mrs. Stowe's Uncle Tom's 
 Cabin. The sale of the former work reached 18,000 copies 
 in a few weeks. She has also contributed to Arthur's Home 
 Magazine and to other journals. 
 
 Eastman, Philip, b. 1799, at Chatham, New Hamp 
 shire, grad. at Bowdoin College, 1820. As commissioner 
 under a resolution of the legislature of Maine, passed Oct. 
 22, 1840, he edited the revised Statutes of that State. He 
 
EAS 
 
 ECH 
 
 also prepared and published a Digest of the Maine Reports 
 26 vols., 1849. 
 
 Eastman, Seth, Capt. in IT. S. Army, grad. at West ! 
 Point, 1829, b. at Brunswick, Maine, illustrator of the work 
 pub. by Congress entitled History, Condition, and Future j 
 Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the U. S., <fec., author of a ; 
 work on Topographical Drawing, Ac. See EASTMAN, MRS. j 
 
 Eastmead, Wm. Human Life, Lon., 1814, 12mo. 
 
 Easton, James. Human Longevity, Salisb.,1800,8vo. | 
 
 Easton, M. G. Unitarianism: its History, Doctrines, 
 and Tendencies, Lon., 1851, 12mo. 
 
 Easton, Thomas. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1692. 
 
 Eastvvick, Edward B., an eminent Oriental scholar 
 and professor. 1. Grammar of the Hindustani Language, 
 Lon., 1847, p. 8vo. 2. Anvari Suhaili; or, The Lights of 
 Canopus, 1854, r. 8vo. 3. Autobiography of Lutfallah, <fcc. ; 
 edited by E. B. E., 1857, p. 8vo. See JONES, SIR WILLIAM. 
 
 Eaton, A. Grammatica Inglesa, <fec., Lon., 1814, Svo.- 
 
 Eaton, Miss Charlotte E. Rome in the 19th Cen 
 tury,- 5th ed., Lon., 1852, 2 vols. 12mo. Excellent. 
 
 Eaton, Cyrus, b. 1784, at Framingham, Mass., was 
 for 40 years a successful teacher in Maine. In 1845 he 
 became totally blind. Annals of Warren, Me., with the 
 Early History of St. George's Broad Bay and the Neighbour 
 ing Settlements on the Waldo Patent, 1851, 8vo. Woman ; 
 a Poem, 1854. 
 
 Eaton, Daniel Isaac, d. 1804. Trial for Paine's 
 Rights of Man, Lon., 1793, 8vo ; for pub. a supposed Libel, 
 1794, 8vo. Helvetius's System of Nature, 1811, 8vo. Me 
 morial, 1 813, 8vo. Continuation of the Age of Reason, 1813. 
 
 Eaton, David. Scripture the only Guide to Religious 
 Truth, York, 1800, Svo. Baptism, Lon., 1826, 8vo. Other 
 works. 
 
 Eaton, John, 1575-1641, minister of Wickham Mar 
 ket, Suffolk, is considered by some the founder of Antino- 
 mianism. The Discovery of a most dangerous Dead Faith, 
 Lon., 1641, 12mo. The Honeycomb of Free Justification, 
 1642, 4to. Pub. by Robt. Lancaster, who informs us that 
 
 " The author's faith, zeal, and diligence in doing his calling, and 
 his faith, patience, and cheerfulness in suffering for the same, were 
 highly exemplary." 
 
 Eaton, General John Henry, 1786-1856. Life 
 of General Andrew Jackson, Phila., 1824, 8vo. 
 
 Eaton, Joseph. Disp. Med. Inaug. de Vertigine, 
 Lugd. Bat., 1686, 4to. 
 
 Eaton, Nathaniel. Inquisitio in variantes Theolo- 
 gorum quorundam sententias de Sabbato et Die Dominico, 
 Fran., 1633, 8vo. Oratio in Acad. Patavina, 1647, 4to. 
 De Fastis Anglicis, sive Calendarium Sacrum, Lon., 1661, 
 12mo. 
 
 Eaton, Richard. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1616, 4to. 
 
 Eaton, Richard. Rates of Mdse, Dubl., 1767, 8vo. 
 
 Eaton, Samuel. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1645-54. 
 
 Easton, Samuel, D.D. Human Life, in 17 Serms., 
 Lon., 1764, 8vo. Christ'y as taught by Christ himself, in 
 18 Serms., 1776, 8vo. 
 
 . " Plain, easy, and sensible discourses, abounding with good sense, 
 and manifesting the author's learning and application." Lon. 
 Monthly Review. 
 
 Eaton, Samuel, minister of Harpswell, Maine, d. 
 1822, aged 85. Serm. on the death of Jacob Abbot, 1820. 
 
 Eaton, W. Political Relations of Russia, 1803. 
 
 Eberle, J., M.D. Notes of Lectures on the Theory 
 and Practice of Medicine, Phila., 1844, 12mo. Notes and 
 Additions, by Geo. McClellan, M.D., 1840, 8vo. Treatise 
 on the Diseases and Physical Education of Children; with 
 Notes and Additions, by T. D. Mitchell, M.D., 8vo. Trea 
 tise of the Materia Medica and Therapeutics, 1847, 2 vols. 
 in 1, 8vo. 
 
 Ebers, John. Seven Years of the King's Theatre, 
 Lon., 1828, 8vo. 
 Eburne, Richard. Serms., Ac., Lon., 1613, '16. A 
 
 ?laine Pathway to Plantations. In three Parts, 1624, 4to. 
 n this vol. will be found " Motives for a present Plantation 
 in Newfoundland." 
 
 Eccles, Ambrose, a native of Ireland, d. 1809, pub. 
 in three vols., (in all,) edits, of Cymbeline, 1793, 8vo -, King 
 Lear, 1793, Svo; Merchant of Venice, 1805, 8vo. 
 
 " Each volume contains, not only notes and illustrations of va 
 rious commentators, with remarks by the editor, but the several 
 critical and historical essays that have appeared at different times 
 respecting each piece." Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Eccles, James, M.D. Ed. Med. Ess., 1737. 
 
 Eccles, John, d. 1735, a musical composer, set some 
 of Congreve's songs and odes to music. The airs were 
 greatly admired, and considered among the best of the day. 
 
 Eccles, Samuel. Serms., 1750, '51, '53, '54, '55. 
 
 Ecclestou, James. Introduction to English Anti- 
 
 540 
 
 quities, intended as a companion to the Hist, of Eng., Lon., 
 1847, Svo. 
 
 " It has demonstrated its usefulness by furnishing us at once 
 with what would have required hours of search among dusty tomes 
 to attain." Church and State Gazette. 
 
 "A seasonable and judicious work." Edin. Review. 
 
 Questions on Mosheim and Burnet, 12mo. Treatise con 
 cerning the Life of God in the Soul of Man, 18mo. 
 
 Eccleston, Theodore. The Quaker's Case of not 
 Swearing, 1694, 4to. 
 
 Ecclestone, Edward. Noah's Flood, or the De 
 struction of the World; an Opera, Lon., 1679, 4to. Repub. 
 as The Cataclysm, in 1685, and as The Deluge, in 1691. 
 
 Echard, Laurence, 1671 ?-1730, a native of Suffolk ; 
 educated at Christ's College, Cambridge ; presented to the 
 livings of Welton and Elkinton, Lincolnshire ; Archdeacon 
 of Stowe, 1712 ; presented by George II., about 1722, to 
 the livings of Rendlesham, Sudborne, and Alford. Suffolk. 
 Description of Ireland, Lon., 1691, 12mo; of Flanders, 
 1691. Compend. of Geography, 1691, 1713, Svo. The 
 Roman History to the settlement by Augustus Cassar. Of 
 this a 4th ed. was pub. in 1699, Svo; 1699-1705, 5 vols. 
 Svo; with a continuation, 1713, 5 vols. Svo; 1719, '20, 5 
 vols. Svo. The Roman Hist, from the settlement by Aug. 
 Caesar to the removal of the Imperial seat of Constantino 
 the Great. Of this a 2d ed. was pub. in 1699, Svo. Two 
 continuations, one of which was revised by Echard, were 
 afterwards pub. in 3 vols. Svo. A General Ecclesiastical 
 History to A.D. 313, 1702, fol. ; 1710, 2 vols. Svo; 1712, 6th 
 
 .; 1722, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 '' The Ecclesiastical History of Mr. Laurence Echard is the best 
 of its kind in the English tongue." Prideaux's Connexion. 
 
 " A work valuable in many respects." BISHOP WATSON. 
 
 The History of England to 1688, 1707-18, 3 vols. fol. 
 The author enumerates many authorities, informing us that 
 
 " From all these I have compiled a history as full, comprehensive, 
 and complete, as I could bring into the compass of the proposed 
 size and bigness. And that nothing might be wanting. I have all 
 the way enriched it with the best and wisest sayings of great men 
 that I could find in larger volumes, and likewise with such short 
 moral reflections, and such proper characters of men, as might give 
 life as well as add instruction to the history." 
 
 Calamy, who thought the historian had misrepresented 
 the Nonconformists, and Oldmixon, who conceived that he 
 discovered many historical blunders, both attacked our 
 author. See Dr. Calamy's Letter to Echard, 1718, and Old- 
 mixon's Critical Hist, of Eng., <fcc. But nothing did more 
 to injure the work than Echard's recital of Lindsey's story 
 of the conference and contract between Oliver Cromwell 
 and the Devil on the morning of the battle of Worcester. 
 Echard by no means endorses the truth of the narration, 
 but he dismisses the subject with a sly innuendo or per 
 haps intended pleasantry : 
 
 " How far Lindsey is to be believed, and how far the story is to 
 be accounted credible, is left to the reader's faith and judgment, 
 and not to any determination of our own." Vol. ii. p. 713, ed. 1718. 
 
 Echard's History lost its popularity after the publication 
 of Tindal's trans, of Rapin's. The large circulation of the 
 former work was owing in part to the convenience of his 
 arrangement: 
 
 " This history, being chiefly intended for the useful diversion of 
 the nobility and gentry, is put in such a method as appeared to be 
 the least irksome to the reader ; every reign being divided into so 
 many stages or periods, as give frequent opportunities of pause 
 and rest." BISHOP NICOLSON: Eng. Hist. Lib. 61. 
 
 His opponent, Dr. Calamy, also praises this feature as 
 well as other merits of the History : 
 
 " The clearness of your method, and the perspicuity of your lan 
 guage, are two very great excellencies, which I admire. I am sin 
 gularly pleased with the refreshing divisions of your matter, and 
 the chronological distinction of the several parts of your history." 
 
 But the doctor proceeds to enumerate grave objections 
 to the sprightly chronicler: 
 
 " I neither admire many of the authors which you cite, nor your 
 way of citing them : and I have some reason to think I am not 
 singular in either. Many of the authors that are cited by you 
 have so little credit in the world as to be far from giving sufficient 
 warrant to justify your inserting things from them into an his 
 tory that should give an account to posterity of past transactions. 
 And your way of citing them is liable to very great objections." 
 Letter to Mr. Archdeacon Echard, p. 118, 119. See Biog. Brit. 
 
 The Gazetteer; a Geographical Index to Europe, 1703, 
 '04, 2 vols. 18mo ; llth ed., 1716, 12mo. Classical Geogra 
 phical Dictionary, revised by S. Echard, 1715, Svo. Trans, 
 of Three Comedies of Plautus, 2d ed., 1716. Maxims from 
 Tillotson, 1719, Svo. Hist, of the Revolution and Esta 
 blishment in 1688, 1725, Svo. Trans, of Terence, by Echard 
 and others, 9th ed., 1741, 12mo. Serm., 1698, 4to. Serm., 
 1726, Svo. 
 
 In the first volume of Dodsley's Collection of Poems 
 there is an epigram so named on the respective histories 
 of Echard and Burnet, which reminds us forcibly of the 
 rapid and graphic pencil of the author of Hudibras : 
 
ECH 
 
 Gil's history appears to me 
 Political anatomy ; 
 A case of skeletons well done, 
 And malefactors every one. 
 His sharp and strong incisive pen 
 Historically cuts up men, 
 And does with lucid skill impart 
 Their inward ails of head and heart. 
 Laurence proceeds another way 
 And well-dressed figures does display; 
 His characters are all in flesh, 
 Their hands are Mr, their faces fresh, 
 And from his sweetening air derive 
 A better scent than when alive. 
 He wax-work made to please the sons, 
 Whose fathers were Gil's skeletons." 
 
 Echlin, John. Serm., Dubl., 1712, 8vo. 
 
 Ecking, Rev. Samuel, 1757-1785. Three Essays 
 onGrace,Faith,andExperience,1784,8vo;3ded.,1806,12mo. 
 
 Eckley, Joseph, D.D., 1750-1811, a minister of Bos 
 ton, Mass., was a native of England. He pub. several 
 serms., Ac., 1782, '92, '97, 1802, '05, 06, '09, '10. See Wis- 
 ner's Hist, of the 0. S. Church, 45. 
 
 Ecton, John. Liber Valorum et Decimarum, Lon., 
 1711, 8vo; several eds. Enlarged and repub. by Browne 
 Willis, under the title of Thesaurus Rerum Ecclesiastica- 
 rum ; last ed., 1763, 4to. A still later edit, of the Liber 
 Valorum was pub. in 1786, 4to, under the title of Liber 
 Regis. Bounty of Queen Anne, Ac., 2d ed., 1720, '21, 8vo. 
 
 Eddis, Wm., Surveyor of the Customs at Annapolis 
 in Maryland. Letters from America, Historical and De 
 scriptive, Lon., 1 792, 8vo. This work, which comprises the 
 period from 1769-77, contains the best account we have 
 of the rise of Revolutionary principles in Maryland. The 
 letters are forty in number. 
 
 " These letters include an interesting period, and relate to events 
 which, however painful in their detail, and dishonourable to the 
 British name, have, in their consequences, been not altogether un- 
 propitious to Great Britain; and are deemed, by some prophetic 
 minds, to contain in their womb the germs of universal freedom." 
 Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 We need hardly urge the collectors of early American 
 History to secure this valuable work. 
 
 Eddy, Rev. Daniel C. 1. Young Man's Friend, 
 Lowell, 12mo. 2. Ministers of the Olden Time, 12mo. 
 3. Lectures to Young Ladies, 12mo. 4. Heroines of the 
 Missionary Enterprise, Boston, 1850, 16mo. 
 
 "The biographies are written in a remarkably graphic style, and 
 they remind us in their spirit and picturesqueness of Headley's 
 stirring pages." 
 
 Eddy, J. H., 1784-1817, a native of New York, pub. 
 a map of the State of N. York, and was engaged on a ge 
 neral atlas of America at the time of his death. He was 
 totally deaf. 
 
 Eddy, Samuel, of Providence, Rhode Island, d. 1839, 
 aged 68. Antiquities, <fec. 
 
 Ede, James. Gold and Silversmith's Calculator, 1806, 
 12mo. New ed., 1847, 12mo. Gold and S. Coins, 1809, 
 8vo. Annals of Europe, 1809, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Edelen, Philip. Serm., Lon., 1653, 8vo. 
 
 Edelman, W. Serms., Lon., 1833, 12mo. 
 
 Eden, Charles Page. Serm., Isa. xl. 31, On Early 
 Prayer, Oxf., 1840, 8vo. To Mr. Eden we are indebted for 
 a revised ed. of Bp. Heber's ed. of the Works of Jeremy 
 Taylor, Lon., 1847-54, 10 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " It is no mean praise to be able to say that Mr. Eden has hitherto 
 escaped from the unmerciful and unscrupulous castigation which 
 has been bestowed upon others It is utterly impossible to pro 
 duce a more elaborate or correct exposition of the author, 'whose 
 enormous labours had rendered the task of properly editing them 
 well nigh Herculean." BelVs Lnn. Messenger, notice of vol. vii. 
 
 Eden, Hon. Frederick. Historical Sketch of the 
 International Policy of Modern Europe, Lon., 1823, 8vo. 
 
 Eden, Sir Frederick Morton, Bart., Director of the 
 Globe Insurance Co., London, 1809. 1. The State of the 
 Poorj or, an History of the Labouring Classes in England 
 from the Conquest to the Present Period, Lon., 1797, 3 
 vols. 4to. 
 
 " This is the grand storehouse of information respecting the la 
 bouring classes of England, and should have a prominent place in 
 every library." McCuUoch's Lit. of Polit. Economy. 
 
 A new ed. of this valuable work, with a continuation to 
 the present time, is much needed. 
 
 2. Porto Bello, 1798, 8vo. 3. Inhabitants in G. Britain 
 and Ireland, 1800, 8vo. 4. Friendly Societies, 1801, 8vo. 
 5. Eight Letters on the Peace, and on the Commerce and 
 Manufactures of Great Britain, 1802, 8vo. 6. Maritime 
 Rights of G. Britain, 2d ed., 1808, 8vo. 7. On the Policy 
 and Expediency of Granting Insurance Charters, 1806, 8vo. 
 
 " The arguments to show the expediency of granting charters to 
 Insurance companies are quite conclusive, and their validity is now 
 universally admitted." MCCULLOCH, W supra. 
 
 Eden, Richard. ATreatyseof the New India; trans. 
 
 EDG 
 
 from the Latin of Sebastian Munster, Lon., 1553, 8vo. The 
 Decades of the New World; trans, from the Latin of R. 
 Martyr, 1555, 4to. Augmented by Richard Willes, 1577, 
 4to. The same Englished by Eden and Lok, 1612, 4to. 
 The Arte of Nauigation ; trans, from the Spanysbe of Mar 
 tin Cortes, 1561, '78, '80, '84, 4to. A very few copies have 
 a folding wood-cut map of America. This is very valuable, 
 especially to the collector of American History. Decade 
 of Voyages; trans, from the Latin of Lewes Vertomanus, 
 1576, 8vo. The History of Travayle in the West and East 
 Indies, and other Countreys lying eyther way towardes the 
 fruitfull and rych Moluccaes, <fcc. Gathered in parte, and 
 done into Englishe, by Richard Eden. Newly set in order, 
 augmented and finished, by Richard Willes, 1577, 4to. 
 Willett, 844, 3 18. Roxburghe, 7179, 6 10s. A long 
 extract from Willes's explanatory preface to this rare work 
 will be found in Rich's Cat. of Books relating principally 
 to America, 1832, p. 14. A very necessarie and profitable 
 Booke concerning Nauigation; trans, from the Latin of 
 Joannes Taisnierus. Sold along with the Arte of Nauiga 
 tion, 1579, 4to. 
 
 " Eden was the first Englishman who undertook to present in a 
 collective form the astonishing results of that spirit of maritime 
 enterprise which had been everywhere awakened by the discovery 
 of America; nor was he a mere compiler: we are indebted to him 
 for several original voyages of great curiosity and value. He is 
 not exempt from error, but in point of learning, accuracy, and in 
 tegrity is certainly superior to Hakluyt; yet it is undoubted, that 
 while the name of the latter, like that of Vespucci, has become in 
 delibly associated with the New World, his predecessor is very little 
 known." Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova. 
 
 Eden, Robert, Archdeacon of Win ton. Jurispruden- 
 tia Philologica; sive Elementa Juris Civilis, secundum 
 Methodum et seriem Institutionum Justiniani, notis Clas- 
 sicis et Historicis, nee non Parallelis Juris Anglicani Locis, 
 illustrate, Oxon., 1744, 8vo; Lon., 1763, 4to. Antonii 
 Schultingii Jurisconsult! Oratio de Jurisprudentia Marci 
 Tullis Ciceronis Notis Illustrata, 1761, 4to. 
 
 Eden, Robert, D.D., Canon of Windsor. Serms. pub. 
 separately, 1743, '54, '55, '56. 
 
 Eden, Rev. Robert. Churchman's Theolog. Diet., 
 2d ed., Lon., 1846, 12mo. 
 
 " The design of this work is to give plain and simple explana 
 tions of the Theological and Ecclesiastical terms which are used in 
 describing and discussing religious Ordinances, Doctrines, and In 
 stitutions, without entering into the controversies which have 
 arisen respecting their object and import." 
 
 Puller's Moderation of the Church of England. A new 
 ed., thoroughly revised, with an Introductory Preface, Ac., 
 1843, 8vo. 
 
 " The reader of it will be surprised and delighted at the disco 
 veries which it makes to him of the wisdom of our Church." Edi 
 tor's Preface. 
 
 " A calm and argumentative statement of the views of the Church, 
 as conclusively set forth in her Liturgy, Articles, and Homilies. 
 We earnestly recommend it both to the clergy and laity." Oh. of 
 Eng. Quar. Review. 
 
 Eden, Hon. Robert Henley, afterwards Lord 
 Henley. 1. Reports of Cases in H. C. of Chancery, 1757- 
 66; from the MSS. of Lord Chancellor Northington, Lon., 
 1818, 2 vols. r. 8vo; 2d ed., with addits., 1827, 2 vols. in 1, 
 8vo ; Phila., 1839. Lord Northington's decisions were first 
 pub. by Ambler, (Cases, 1737-83 :) the publication of Mr. 
 Eden, however, a descendant of his lordship, (formerly 
 Lord Keeper Henley,) are much to be preferred. Ambler's 
 errors and imperfections are to some extent rectified and 
 remedied. Cox's Reports (the editor of Peere Williams) 
 contain some decisions of Lord Northington and also of 
 Lord Hardwicke. 
 
 " The authority of Lord Northington is very great, and it arose 
 from the uncommon vigour and clearness of his understanding." 
 
 See 1 Kent's Com.; Wallace's Reporters, 82; 21 Amer. 
 Jurist, 241; 12 Leg. Obs., 524; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 288. 
 
 2. A Treatise on the Law of Injunctions, Lon., 1821, 8vo. 
 1st Amer. ed., with Notes and References to Amer. Deci 
 sions, N. York, 1822, 8vo ; Albany, 1839. 3d Amer. ed., by 
 Thos. W. Waterman, N. York, 1852, 2 vols. 8vo. A new 
 English edit, is now (1858) in preparation. 3. A Practical 
 Treatise on the Bankrupt Law, as amended by the New Act 
 of the 6th Geo. IV., c. 16; 2d ed., Lon., 1826, 8vo; Phila., 
 1841, 8vo. 4. A Digest of the Bankrupt Law, with an Ap 
 pendix of Precedents, Ac., 3d ed., Lon., 1832, r. 8vo. A 
 new ed. is now (1858) in preparation. 
 
 Eden, Wm. See AUCKLAND, LORD. 
 
 Edens, J. Account of a Journey from Port Oratavia 
 to the top of the Peak of Teneriffe, Phil. Trans., 1714. 
 
 Edes. Serms., 1604, 8vo. 
 
 Edgar, John. Decisions of the Lords of Sessions 
 from Jan., 1724, to Aug., 1725, Edin., 1726, fol. 
 
 Edgar, Sir John, i. e. Sir Richard Steele. 
 
 Edgar, John, D.D. Female Virtue, Lon., 1841, 8vo. 
 
EDG 
 
 EDG 
 
 Edgar, Samuel. The Variations of Popery, Dubl., 
 1832, 8vo ; 2d ed., Lon., 1838, 8vo. 
 
 " It furnishes many a strange commentary on infallibility, unity, 
 uninterrupted succession, universality, and so forth." Lon. Pres. 
 JKcv., 1837. 
 
 The object of this work with respect to Popery is the 
 same as Bossuet's in relation to Protestantism. 
 
 Edgar, Wm. Vectigalium Systema; or British Cus 
 toms, Lon., 1714, 8vo. Statutes, &c. rel. to Eevenues of 
 Ireland, 1720, 8vo. 
 
 Edgarton, Miss Sarah C. See MAYO. 
 
 Edge, Wm. John. Appeal to the readers of "Ancient 
 Christianity," Lon., 1840, 8vo. 
 
 Edgecumbe, James, D.D. Human Reason,1736,8vo. 
 
 Edgecumbe, Lord Mountmorres. See MOUNT- 
 
 MORRES. 
 
 Edgeworth, C. Sneyd. Memoirs of the Abbe Edge- 
 worth, Lon., 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Edgeworth, Maria, 1767-1849, was the daughter of 
 Richard Lovell Edgeworth, of Edgeworth's-town, in the 
 county of Longford, Ireland ; a gentleman distinguished 
 not only for literary taste and mechanical ingenuity, but 
 also as the successful wooer of four ladies, who in turn ac 
 cepted his hand. Maria, a daughter of the first marriage, 
 was born in Oxfordshire, and resided in England until 
 1782, when her father succeeded to the family estate, and 
 removed to Ireland. Mr. Edgeworth took a lively interest 
 in the cause of education, and was pleased to find in Maria 
 an able literary coadjutor. In 1798 appeared a Treatise on 
 Practical Education, a joint production. Miss Edgeworth 
 pub. in 1810, Early Lessons, in ten parts, and her father 
 added a continuation in 1815, 2 vols. 12mo. Another joint 
 work, which attained great popularity, An Essay on Irish 
 Bulls, made its appearance in 1802. Mr. Edgeworth is 
 supposed to have had a share in several other compositions 
 pub. by Maria. Castle Rackrent, issued in 1801, was the 
 first of a series of novels which proved the possession of 
 powers of a diversified character descriptive, philosophi 
 cal, pathetic, and humorous seldom combined in one in 
 dividual. Nor is this the highest praise which is to be ac 
 corded to Miss Edgeworth. In Belinda, Leonora, The 
 Modern Griselda, Moral Tales, Popular Tales, the Tales of 
 Fashionable Life, Patronage, Harrington, Ormond, Helen, 
 Ac., we are made to feel that our amusement is not the 
 only, nor the principal, object of the writer who so charms 
 us. It will be our own fault if mental and moral improve 
 ment a desire to gain knowledge, to be good, and to do 
 good are not promoted by the pen of Maria Edgeworth. 
 But in her anxiety to teach profitable lessons to those who 
 had already assumed the responsibilities of life, Miss Edge- 
 worth did not permit herself to forget the objects of her 
 early care, to whose instruction she had devoted the first 
 fruits of her clear and practical intellect. In 1822 she pub. 
 Rosamond, a Sequel to Early Lessons ; which was followed 
 by Harry and Lucy, and The Parent's Assistant. She com 
 pleted in 1820 a Memoir of her father, (commenced by him,) 
 who died in 1817. We give the contents of the collective 
 edition of Miss Edgeworth's Novels and Tales, pub. in 18 
 vols. 12mo, Lon., 1832: 
 
 Vol. I. Castle Rackrent; Essay on Irish Bulls; Essay 
 on Self- Justification.. II. .Forester; The Prussian Vase; 
 The Good Aunt. III. Angelina; The Good French Go 
 verness; Mademoiselle Panache ; The Knapsack. IV. Lame 
 Jervas; The Will; The Limerick Gloves; Out of Debt, 
 Out of Danger; The Lottery; Rosanna. V. Murad the 
 Unlucky; The Manufacturers ; The Contrast; The Grate 
 ful Negro ; To-morrow. VI. Ennui; The Dun. VII. Ma 
 noeuvring; Almeria. VIII. Vivian. IX. The Absentee. 
 X. The Absentee, (concluded;) Madame de Fleury ; Emilie 
 de Coulanges; The Modern Griselda. XI., XII. Belinda. 
 XIII. Leonora; Letters. XIV., XV. Patronage. XVI. Co 
 mic" Dramas. XVII. Harrington; Thoughts on Bores. 
 XVIII. Ormond. Tales and Novels, N. Y., 1833-34, 10 vols. 
 
 In 1834 Miss Edgeworth gave to the world Helen, the 
 last, and one of the most popular, of her novels ; and true 
 to her early predilection for the instruction of youth closed 
 her useful labours by the juvenile story of Orlandino. A 
 new collective edition of her Tales and Miscellaneous Pieces 
 was pub. in 1848, Lon., 9 vols. 12mo. Of several of her 
 works there have been numerous editions. In America, as 
 well as at home, her works have been widely circulated, 
 and are highly valued. We could occupy many pages, if 
 permitted by our limits, with commendations by the highest 
 authorities of Miss Edgeworth's compositions. A few brief 
 extracts must suffice : 
 
 Sir Walter Scott was so delighted with "the rich humour, 
 pathetic tenderness, and admirable tact" of her Irish por 
 
 traits, that he determined to try his own skill in drawing 
 Scotch character, though despairing of equalling his model : 
 
 " ' If I could but hit Miss Edgeworth's wonderful power of vivi 
 fying all her persons, and making them live as beings in your mind, 
 I should not be afraid.' Often has the Author of Waverley used 
 such language to me; and I knew that I gratified him most when 
 I could say ' Positively this is equal to Miss Edgeworth.' You 
 will thus judge, madam, how deeply he must feel such praise as 
 you have bestowed upon his efforts." James Ballantyne to Maria 
 Edgevjorth, respecting her commendation of Waverley. llth -ZV<w. 1814. 
 See Lockhart's Life of Scott. 
 
 We need hardly remind the reader of the memorable 
 visit paid by Maria and two of her sisters to Abbotsford in 
 1823: 
 
 " Never," says Mr. Lockhart, " did I see a brighter day at Abbots- 
 ford than that on which Miss Edgeworth first arrived there; never 
 can I forget her look and accent when she was received by him at 
 his archway, and exclaimed, ' Every thing about you is exactly what 
 one ought to have had wit enough to dream.' " Ubi supra. 
 
 A review by Sir Walter of Miss Edgeworth's Patronage, 
 will be found in the Edinburgh Review, xxii. 416 : 
 
 "The taste and gallantry of the age," remarks the distinguished 
 critic, " may have at last pretty generally sanctioned the ardent 
 admiration with which we greeted the first steps of this distin 
 guished lady in her literary career; but the calmer spirits of the 
 South can hardly yet comprehend the exhilarating effect which her 
 reappearance uniformly produces upon the saturnine complexion of 
 their Northern Reviewers." 
 
 " Her extraordinary merit, both as a novelist and a woman of 
 genius, consists in her having selected a class of virtues far more 
 difficult to treat as the subject of fiction than others, and which 
 had therefore been left by former writers to her." Sir James Mack 
 intosh. 
 
 " As a writer of tales and novels, she has a very marked pecu 
 liarity. It is that of venturing to dispense common sense to her 
 readers, and to bring them within the precincts of real life and 
 natural feeling. She presents them with no incredible adventures 
 or inconceivable sentiments, no hyperbolical representations of 
 uncommon character or monstrous exhibitions of exaggerated 
 passion. Without excluding love from her pages, she knows how 
 to assign to it its just limits. She neither degrades the sentiment 
 from its true dignity, nor lifts it to a burlesque elevation. It takes 
 its proper place among the passions. Her heroes and heroines, if 
 such they may be called, are never miraculously good, nor detest 
 ably wicked. They are such men and women as we see and con 
 verse with every day of our lives ; with the same proportional mix 
 ture in them of what is right and what is wrong, of what is great 
 and what is little." LORD DUDLEY : Lon. Qiiar. Rev., ii. 146, 1810. 
 
 " The writings of Miss Edgeworth exhibit so singular an union 
 of sober sense and inexhaustible invention so minute a know 
 ledge of all that distinguishes manners, or touches on happiness 
 in every condition of human fortune and so just an estimate both 
 of the real sources of enjoyment, and of the illusions by which they 
 are so often obstructed, that it cannot be thought wonderful that 
 we should separate her from the ordinary manufacturer of novels, 
 and speak of Tier Tales as works of more serious importance than 
 much of the true history and solemn philosophy that comes daily 
 under our inspection. ... It is impossible, we think, to read ten 
 pages in any of her writings, without feeling, not only that the 
 whole, but that every part of them, was intended to do good." 
 LORD JEFFREY : Edin. Rev., xx. 100, 1812 ; xxviii. 391, 1817. 
 
 " Some one has described the novels of Miss Edgeworth as a sort 
 of essence of common sense ; and the definition is not inappropri 
 ate." SIR WALTER SCOTT. 
 
 " She is the author of works never to be forgotten ; of works 
 which can never lose their standard value as English classics,' 
 and deserve that honourable name infinitely more than half the 
 dull and licentious trash bound up in our libraries under that 
 title. . . . Her novels always found an eager reception, at a time 
 when the poetry of Scott, of Campbell, and of Crabbe, was issuing 
 in its freshness from the press, when the Edinburgh and Quarterly 
 Reviews, then splendid novelties, were to be duly read and studied, 
 when Madame de Stael was at her zenith, and, in a word, when 
 the competition of the noblest wits was only less keen than at the 
 present day." EDWARD EVERETT: N. Amer. Rev., xvii. 388, 1823. 
 
 A very interesting account of a visit to Maria Edgeworth 
 is given in Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hall's work, entitled Ireland ; 
 and reviews of her works will be found in the Edin. Rev., 
 vols. viii., xiv., xx., xxii., xxviii., and xxxiv. ; Lon. Quar. 
 Rev., vols. ii., vii., xvii., and li. ; Lon. Monthly Rev., vols. 
 Ixxxviii. and cix ; N. Amer. Rev.,vols. vi., xvii., and xxxix. ; 
 and other prominent periodicals. See also Allan Cunning 
 ham's Biog. and Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of the last Fifty 
 Years. 
 
 Edgeworth, Richard Lovell, 1744-1817, a native 
 of Bath, father of Maria Edgeworth, has already come 
 under our notice in the preceding article. The reader will 
 find a particular account of this gentleman in his Memoirs, 
 (completed by his daughter Maria,) pub. in 1820, 2 vols. 
 8vo. He pub. a number of works in addition to those al 
 ready noticed as the joint productions of himself and 
 daughter. A Letter on the Telegraph, and on the Defence 
 of Ireland, Lon., 1796, 8vo. Poetry explained for the use 
 of Young People, 1802, 8vo. Essays on Professional Edu 
 cation, 1809, 4to. An Essay on the Construction of Roads 
 and Carriages, 1810, '13, 8vo. 
 
 " The directions for making roads are very sensible and enlight 
 ened, and put forth the practised modes of the present day." 
 Donaldson's Agricult. Biog, 
 
EDG 
 
 Continuation of Maria Edgeworth's Early Lessons, 1815, 
 8vo. Contributions on Natural Philosophy, Natural His 
 tory, Mechanics, .fee., to Phil. Trans., 1783, '84; Archseol., 
 1785 j Trans. Roy. Irish Acad., 1788, '97 ; Nic. Jour., 1806, 
 '09, '10, '11 j Phil. Mag., 1815, '16. Mr. Edgeworth re 
 peatedly obtained prizes from the Society of Arts for his 
 mechanical contrivances. He was the principal literary 
 adviser of his celebrated daughter, and she derived great 
 advantages from his intelligent co-operation. We have 
 noticed his Letter on the Telegraph, pub. in 1796. An 
 Essay of his, on The Art of Conveying Secret and Swift 
 Intelligence, will be found in Trans. Roy. Irish Acad., 1797. 
 
 Edgeworth, or Edgworth, Roger, d. about 1560, 
 a zealous R. Catholic divine, was made Chancellor of Wells 
 in 1554. He held several important ecclesiastical posts. 
 Sermons very Fruitefull and Learned preached and sette 
 foorth, Lon., 1557, 4to and 8vo. Two of his tracts, on the 
 Sacraments, and Bishops and Priests, will be found in the 
 Appendix to Bishop Burnet's History of the Reformation ; 
 and copious extracts from his sermons are inserted by Dr. 
 Dibdin in his Library Companion. 
 
 " His Discourses are not only worth possessing, from being very 
 uncommon, but from containing much curious and interesting in 
 telligence ; delivered, upon the whole, with considerable caution, 
 but with the decisive tone of Catholic zeal." Ubi supra. 
 
 Edgeworth, Theodore, supposed to be an assumed 
 name. The Shipwreck; or, Memoirs of an Irish Officer 
 and his Family, 1811, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Edgley, Samuel. Serm., Oxf., 1724, 4to. 
 
 Edguardus, Dav. De Indiciis et Praecognitionibus. 
 Eivsdem in Anatomicen Introductio, Lon., 1532, 8vo. 
 
 Edgworth, Robert. Case of, Ac., foL 
 
 Edie, George. English Shooting, Lon., 1772, 8vo. 
 
 Edington, Robert. Penitentiary for the Employment 
 of Convicts, 1803, 4to; 1816. Coal Trade, 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Edkius, Joshua. Collec. of Poems, 1801, 8vo. 
 
 Edlin, A. Two Cases of Gout, Uxb., 1804, 12mo. 
 Bread-Making, Lon., 1805, 12mo. Malignant Sore Throat. 
 
 Edlyn, Richard. Astrological Judgment, <fcc., Lon., 
 1658, '68, 8vo. Prsenuncius Sydereus, 1664, 4to. 
 
 EdmeadjWm. Commuting the Tythes,Lon.,1816,8vo. 
 
 Edmer. See EADMER. 
 
 Edmeston, James. Sacred Lyrics, Lon., 1821, '22, 
 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 "We must make room for one more extract, which will amply 
 justify Mr. Edmeston's claim to true poetic feeling." Eclectic Re 
 view, June, 1821. 
 
 Hymns, 1844. Sonnets, 1845. Closet Hymns and Poems, 
 1846, '53. Sacred Poetry, 1848. 
 
 Edmond,Mrs. Amanda M.,formerly Miss Corey, 
 is a native of Brookline, Massachusetts. She has pub. 
 The Broken Vow and other Poems, chiefly written between 
 the ages of 14 and 18 ; and The Forget-Me-Not : a gift for 
 Sabbath-School Children. 
 
 Edmondes, Edmonds, or Edmunds, Sir Cle 
 ment, 1566-1622, Remembrancer of the City of London, 
 a son of Sir Thomas Edmondes, filled several posts at court. 
 Observ. on the 1st 5 Books of Csesar's Commentaries, Lon., 
 1600, fol. ; on the 6th and 7th Books, 1600, fol. ; on Csesar's 
 Comment, on the Civil Wars, 1609, fol. All or most of them 
 are reprinted with an 8th Comment, by Hirtius Pansa, 1677, 
 fol. Caesar's Comment, in English, 1655, '95, fol. Observ. 
 on the Landing of Forces, &c., 1758, 8vo. Of Sir Clement 
 Edmondes, we are told that 
 
 " His dextrous pen made him most worthily esteemed in his own 
 vocation: and in the art military, by Cfesar's confession, an un 
 derstanding soldier. He lived iaithfully industrious in his place 
 and died religiously constant in the belief of the resurrection," &c 
 Epitaph on his monument. 
 
 Edmondes, Sir Thomas, 1563-1639, a distinguished 
 English statesman. See a number of his Letters and ab 
 stracts from others in Dr. Birch's Hist. View of the Nego 
 tiations between the Courts of England, France, and Brus 
 sels, 1592-1617, in Birch's Memoirs of Queen Elizabeth 
 and in Lodge's Illustrations of British History. 
 
 Edmonds, Charles. See GAMING, GEORGE. 
 
 Edmonds, Cyrus R. 1. Life and Times of General 
 George Washington, Lon., 1835, 2 vols. 18mo; 1839, 2 vols 
 18mo. 2. Introduc. to Leland's View of Deistical Writers 
 Lon., 1837, 8vo. 
 
 Edmonds, John. Wisdom of Providence, Lon., 1761 
 8vo. 
 
 Edmonds, Judge John W., and George T. Dex 
 ter, M.D. Spiritualism; with an Appendix by Nathaniel 
 P. Tallmadge, New York, 1853-55, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Edmonds, T. 4th Commandment, Ac., 1801. 
 
 Edmondson, Christopher. Serm., 1664, 12mo. 
 
 Edmondson, Henry, 1607-1659, Fellow of Queen's 
 Coll., Oxf. Lingua Linguarum, Lon., 'l655, 8vo. Homo- 
 
 EDW 
 
 iyma et Synonyma Linguae Latinse conjuncta et distincta, 
 1661. 
 
 Edmondson, J. Prodigies, Lon., 1710, fol. 
 Edmonson, Jonathan, Wesleyan minister. Chris 
 tian Ministry, Lon., 1828, 12mo. 
 
 " A very valuable and judicious manual, more especially adapted 
 to the use of junior preachers among the Wesleyan Methodists." 
 
 Revealed Religion, 1839, 12mo. Short Serms., 6th ed., 
 1845, 2 vols. 12mo. Heavenly World, 3d ed., 1850, 18mo. 
 Self-Government, 4th ed., 1852, 12mo. J. D. and R. Treffry ; 
 Serms. on the Holy Ghost, 12mo. 
 
 Edmondson, or Edmonson, Joseph, d. 1786, ori 
 ginally a barber, was in 1764 appointed Mowbray-Herald 
 Extraordinary. 1. Hist. Account of the Greville Family, 
 Lon., 1766, 8vo. 2. Companion to the Peerage of Great 
 Britain and Ireland, 1776, 8vo. 3. A Complete Body of 
 Heraldry, 1780, 2 vols. fol. In the first of these vols. Ed 
 mondson had the valuable assistance of Sir Joseph Aylofie, 
 Bart. The 2d vol. consists of an Alphabet of Arms, which 
 contains upwards of 50,000 coats, crests, <fec. 4. Barona- 
 gium Genealogicuin ; or, Pedigree of English Peers, 1764 
 84, 6 vols. fol. In this work, also, Sir Joseph Ayloife ren 
 dered assistance. s Marquis of Townshend, 1064, 18 18. 
 Large paper, Duke of York, 1988, 26 15s. 6d. There is a 
 copy in the British Museum, with MS. notes and additions 
 by F. Hargrave. When possible, there should stand next 
 to this work on the shelf the Five Reports from the Lords 
 Committee touching the Dignity of a Peer of the Realm, 
 Ac., edit. 1829, 5 vols. fol. ; containing the copious Indexes 
 and the 5th Appendix, " Patents of Creations, and Instru 
 ments affording evidence of Creation." 5. Tables of Pre 
 cedency, (1764,) 18mo, pp. 14, all engraved. 6. The Pre 
 sent Peerages, 1785, 8vo, pp. 428, with 86 plates. 
 
 Edmons, Thomas. To Free-Masons, Lon., 1766,8vo. 
 
 Edmonstone, Sir Arch., Bart 1. Journey to two of 
 the Oases of Upper Egypt, Lon., 1822, 8vo. A valuable 
 work to the antiquary. The most remote of these oases 
 had never before been visited by a European. 2. Christian 
 Gentleman's Daily Walk, 3d ed., 1850, 12mo. 3. Progress 
 of Religion ; a Poem, 18*42, 12mo. Meditations in Verse 
 for Sundays and Holidays, 1853, 18mo. 
 
 Edmonstone,Arthur,M.D. Ophthalmia, Lon., 1802, 
 8vo ; Treatise on ditto, Edin., 1806, 8vo. View of the An 
 cient and Present State of the Zetland Islands, 1809, 2 
 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Dr. E. is a native of these islands, and has long resided there : 
 perhaps, if these favourable circumstances had been aided by a 
 sounder judgment; a better taste, and more knowledge, this work 
 would have been improved. As it is, it may advantageously be 
 consulted for what relates to the civil, political, and natural his 
 tory, agriculture, fisheries, and commerce, antiquities, manners, 
 &c., of these islands." Stevenson's Voyages and Travels. 
 
 "Upon the whole, the book is bad; and though it does state 
 some facts that ought to be generally known, bears evident marks 
 not only of haste and carelessness, but of absolute and utter igno 
 rance of the object it affects to discuss." Edin. Review. 
 
 Edmonstone, Wm. Prevention of an Evil injurious 
 to Health, Lon., 1782, 8vo. The Reviewers Corrected, 
 1785, 8vo. 
 
 Edmund, St., Archbishop of Canterbury, d. 1242, a 
 native of Abingdon, Berkshire, was educated at the Uni 
 versity of Paris and University Coll., Oxf. He is said to 
 have been the first who taught logic at Oxford. He was 
 consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury in 1234; went into 
 voluntary exile, and died at Soissy. He left many writ 
 ings; see Speculum Ecclesise : Bibl. Max. Patr., xxv. 316: 
 Liber Miraculorum B. Eadmundi Orientalium Anglorum 
 regis, auctore anonymo : Martene et Durand Collectio, vi. 
 821. 
 
 Edmund de Hadenham, Monk of Rochester. An- 
 nales Ecclesiae Roftensis, 804 ad 1307. See Wharton'a 
 Anglia Sacra, i. 327. 
 
 Edmunds, John. Village Serms., 1st series, Lon., 
 1851 ; 2d series, 1853, 12mo. 
 
 " They are plain, scriptural, and practical." Lon. Chris. Times. 
 
 Edmunds, Richard. Solicitor's Guide. Pleas in 
 Exchequer, Lon., 1794, 8vo. 
 
 Edmundson, Wm. A Journal of his Life, Travels, 
 Sufferings, and Labour of Love in the work of the Minis 
 try, Lon., 1774, 8vo. 
 
 Edridge, Mrs. Rebecca. The Lapse of Time; a 
 Poem, 1802, 4to. The Highest Castle and Lowest Cave; 
 a Novel, 3 vols. 12mo. The Scrinium ; a Collection of Tales, 
 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " We would sum up our whole review of the Scrinium by say 
 ing that it is, except the Sketch-Book, [by Washington Irving,] the 
 best miscellaneous prose-work of its kind which has come under 
 our notice." ion. Literary Register, July 6, 1822. 
 
 Edward VI., King of England, 1538-1553, son 
 of Henry VIII. and Jane Seymour, succeeded to the throne 
 
EDW 
 
 EDW 
 
 in 1547, at the age often years. Injuncions geven by Kynge 
 Edward ye Sixte, 1574, 4to. Conference with the Lord- 
 Admiral. Proceedings in Council. Arguments against the 
 Pope's Supremacy, 1682. Holland declares that the king 
 composed a " most elegant comedy," entitled The Whore 
 of Babylon. His Diary, a Journal, was pub. by Burnet. 
 
 Edward, Bowyer, Lord Bishop of Ely. Serm., 
 3810. Ditto, 1810. A Charge, 1813. 
 
 Edward, J., LL.D. Report of Decisions H. Ct. of 
 Admiralty rel. to Vessels under Brit. Licenses, 1812. 
 
 Edwardes, Herbert Benjamin, Major in the 
 E. I. Co.'s Service, b. 1820, at Frodesley, Shropshire, has 
 distinguished himself in India, and is now commissioner 
 at Peshawur. An account of some of the most important 
 events of his life will be found in his work entitled A Year 
 on the Punjaub Frontier in 1848-49, Lon., 1851, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Edwards. Otha and Rutha; a Dram. Tale, 1781, 12mo. 
 
 Edwards, Archdeacon, of St. Mary's Church, Bre 
 con. Serm., Lon., 1801, 4to. 
 
 Edwards, Bela B*, late Professor at Andover, was 
 well known as the author of a Biography of Self-Taught 
 Men, Eclectic Reader, co-editor of Bibliotheca Sacra, con 
 tributor to Ancient Literature and Art, <fcc. A collection of 
 his writings, with a Memoir by his late colleague, Professor 
 Park, was pub. in 1853, Boston, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Edwards, Bryan, M.P., 1743-1800, a native of West- 
 bury, Wiltshire, resided for some years in the West Indies. 
 He pub. several treatises on W. India questions, but his 
 principal work is The History, Civil and Ecclesiastical, of 
 the British Colonies in the West Indies, Lon., 1793, 2 vols. 
 4to; 2d ed., 1794, 2 vols. 4to; vol. iii., with plates, 1801, 
 4to. This last vol., which consists chiefly of Tracts, for 
 merly pub. in a separate form, was edited by Sir William 
 Young. It also includes Edwards's History of St. Domingo, 
 (first pub. in 1791, 4to,) and a Memoir of his early life, 
 written by himself, 5th ed., 1819, 5 vols. 8vo, and one 4to 
 vol. of plates ; vols. iv. and v. now first pub., considered 
 inferior to their predecessors. An abridgment of the first 
 three vols. was pub. in 1794,Lon.,2 vols. 8vo,and in 1799,8vo. 
 
 " The History of the West Indies is well entitled to the popu 
 larity it has long enjoyed. The subject is varied and interesting ; 
 and though written in rather an ambitious style, with a strong 
 bias in favour of the old colonial system, and a disposition to ex 
 tenuate the cruelties that were too often inflicted on the slaves, it 
 is a most valuable addition to our historical library. But the con 
 tinuation, we are sorry to say, is quite unworthy of the original 
 work and of the subject ; and we do not know that any better ser 
 vice could be done to colonial and commercial literature than to 
 publish an edition of Edwards's work that should complete the 
 history and continue it to the present time." McOuOoch's Lit. of 
 PoUt. Economy. 
 
 " This work justly bears an excellent character, and is very full 
 and minute on almost every topic connected with these islands." 
 Stevenson's Voyages and Travels. 
 
 In 1795, Mr. Wm. Preston, of Dublin, addressed a Letter 
 to Bryan Edwards, Esq., containing observ. on some pas 
 sages of his Hist, of the West Indies. Mr. P. attacks Ed 
 wards as an apologist for slavery. 
 
 Of the History of St. Domingo, already noticed, a 2d ed. 
 was pub. separately in 1797, 4to. This work is commended 
 
 " For the highly-important facts and observations which it con 
 tains, for the ability displayed in their arrangement, and for the 
 strongly expressive, correct, and often beautiful language in which 
 they are conveyed to the reader's understanding." Lon. Monthly 
 
 Mr. Edwards pub. in 1798 not intended for sale Pro 
 ceedings of the Association for promoting the Discovery 
 of the interior parts of Africa, Ac., 4to. A vol. of his 
 Poems also was privately printed. 
 
 Edwards, Carolus. Hanes y Ffydd et Hebraismo- 
 rum Cambro-Britannicorum Specimen., Oxon., 1671, Svo; 
 1675, 4to. 
 
 Edwards, Charles, b. 1797, in England, counsellor- 
 at-law in the city of New York. The Juryman's Guide for 
 the State of New York, N. York, 1831, 8vo. Parties to 
 Bills and other Pleadings ' Chancery, Albany, 1832, 8vo. 
 Feathers from my own Wings ; Poems and Tales, N. York, 
 1833, 12mo. Receivers in Chancery; 1839, Svo; 1846. 
 Reports of Chancery Cases, 1st Circuit, St. of New York, 
 1831-45, 4 vols. 8vo. History and Poetry of Finger Rings, 
 1855, 12mo. A curious and interesting volume. 
 
 Edwards, D. Serms., <fcc., Lon., 1770, '76. 
 
 Edwards, E. Twenty-one Serms., Lon., 1838, 12mo. 
 
 Edwards, E., of the British Museum. Fine Arts in 
 England, their State and Prospects considered relatively 
 to National Education, Lon., 1840, 8vo. 
 
 Edwards, Edward, M.D. Analysis of Chirvrgery, 
 Lon., 1636, 4to. The Cvre of all sorts of Fevers, 1638 4to. 
 The Whole Art of Chirvrgery, 1639, 4to. 
 
 Edwards. Edward. Serm., 1759, 8vo. 
 
 544 
 
 Edwards, Edward. Zenophontis, <fec., Lon., 1785. 
 Serm., 1794, 4to. Brown Willis's Survey of St. Asaph, 
 enlarged and brought down to the present time ; with the 
 Life of the Author, Appendices, &c., 1801, '02, 2 vols. Svo. 
 Edwards, Edward, 1738-1806, teacher of perspec 
 tive in the Royal Academy. Treatise of Perspective, Lon., 
 1803, 4to; 1806, 4to. Anecdotes of Painters who have re 
 sided or been born in England, 1808, 4to. Intended as a 
 continuation of Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting. Some 
 copies are on large paper, r. 4to. 
 
 Edwards, Edivard. Memoirs of Libraries, together 
 with a Practical Hand-Book of Library Economy, 2 vols. 
 r. Svo; 50 copies on large paper, imp. Svo. This valuable 
 work, on which Mr. Edwards has been employed for some 
 years, is now (1858) being prepared for publication. To 
 Mr. Edwards we are also indebted for the Account of Ame 
 rican Libraries in N. Triibner's Bibliographical Guide to 
 American Literature, 1858, Svo, and for the article "News 
 papers" in Encyc. Brit., vol. xvi., 8th ed., 1858. 
 
 Edwards, Frederic. Laws of Gaming, Horse Rac 
 ing, and Wages, Lon., 1839, 12mo. 
 
 Edwards, G. C. Powers and Duties of Justices of 
 the Peace and Town Officers in the State of New York, 4th 
 ed. by D. McMaster, Ithaca, 1840, Svo. 
 
 Edwards, George, 1694-1773, an eminent naturalist, 
 travelled in Holland, Norway, and France, in pursuit of 
 his favourite study. Natural History of Birds, and of 
 some other rare and undescribed Animals, Quadrupeds, 
 Reptiles, Fishes, Insects, &c., Lon., 1743, '47, '50, '51, 4 
 vols. 4to. It contains figures and descriptions of 216 birds, 
 and 40 beasts and reptiles. Gleanings of Natural History, 
 1758, '60, '63; 50 copper-plates, exhibiting 70 birds, &c. 
 Considered as a continuation of the preceding work. The 
 7 vols. are generally sold together. A new edit, of the 7 
 vols. was pub. 1802-06, with 362 coloured plates, r. 4to, 
 30 ; large paper, folio, 50. Essays upon Natural His 
 tory, &c., 1770, Svo. See Memoirs of Edwards's Life and 
 Works, 1776, 4to. Some papers of Mr. E.'s on natural 
 history will be found in Phil. Trans., 1754, '55, '57, '60, 
 '63, '65, '71. Edwards revised a new edit, of Catesby's 
 Nat. Hist, of Carolina, Ac. See CATESBY, MARK. 
 
 " Edwards's works are assuredly the most valuable on general 
 ornithology that have ever appeared in England. No zoological 
 library should be without them." SWAINSON. 
 
 Edwards, George. Elements of Fossilogy, Lon., 
 1776, Svo. His Adventures, 1751, 12mo. 
 
 Edwards, George, M.D. Perfection of G. Britain, 
 Lon., 1787, 2 vols. 4to; Regeneration of do., 1790, 2 vols. 
 4to. Diseases of the Human Body, 1791, 4to. Dr. Ed 
 wards wrote other works on politics, political economy, <fcc. 
 Edwards, Henry. A Collection of Remarkable Cha 
 rities and Old English Customs, Lon., 1842, p. Svo. 
 
 Edwards, Henry, D.D., LL.D. Piety and Intellect 
 relatively estimated, Lon., 1843; 4th ed., 1852, 12mo. 
 
 Illustrations of the Wisdom and Benevolence of the 
 Deity, 1845, sq. 
 
 " A little excursion in the track of Paley and the broad road of 
 the Bridgewater Treatises." Lon. Lit. Gazette. 
 
 Marriage; a Poem in Four Cantos, 3d ed., 1843, fp. Svo. 
 " This poem will be greatly admired by the ladies." TaiVs Edin. 
 Mag. 
 
 Dr. Edwards has pub. several other theolog. and poetical 
 works. 
 
 Edwards, James. Tabulae Distantiae, Dorking, 1789, 
 4to. Companion from London to Brighthelmston, Lon., 
 1801, 4to. 
 
 Edwards, John, D.D., 1637-1716, a Calvinist divine, 
 a native of Hertford, Fellow of St. John's Coll., Cainb. ; 
 minister of Trinity Church, Camb., 1664; preferred to St. 
 Peter's Church, Colchester, about 1676; removed to Cam 
 bridge, 1697. He was a son of Thomas Edwards, author 
 of Gangraena, Ac. He pub. many serms. and theolog. 
 works, some of which we notice: An Inquiry into four 
 remarkable Texts of the N. Test, Lon., 1692, Svo ; a farther 
 Inquiry, 1692, Svo. Authority, Style, and Perfection of 
 the Books of the Old and New Test, 1693-96, 3 vols. Svo. 
 Excercitationes, Critical, Philosophical, Historical, and 
 Theological, 1702, Svo. 
 
 " Much acuteness, learning, and piety in these writings, [the 
 three last-named works.]" Bicker steth's Oiristian Student. 
 The Preacher; three parts, 1705, '06, '09. 
 " Some useful remarks, though with severity, on several writers. 
 He was answered by Robert Lightfoot, which led to a vindication 
 and a rejoinder." Bickersteth's Christian Student. 
 
 Veritas Redux; or, Evangelical Truths Restored, 1707, 
 Svo. 
 
 " Takes the opposite views to Whitby." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 Theologia Reformata, or the Substance and Body of the 
 Christian Religion, 1713, 2 vols. fol. Vol. iii. (very rare) 
 
EDW 
 
 EDW 
 
 pub. after his death, in 1726, fol. Another ed., 1733-43, 
 3 vols. fol. 
 
 " Edwards's Theologia Reformata will be no contemptible trea 
 sure for you on all occasions." Mather's Student. 
 
 He wrote several pieces against Locke's Reasonableness 
 of Christianity. Pathologia (in his Remains, 1713, 8vo.) 
 Edwards here takes the same view as Daillie. See other 
 publications of this excellent author in Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 He did not hesitate to criticize the opinions of Whiston, 
 Locke, Whitby, and Samuel Clarke. 
 
 " It is impossible to peruse any of the writings of Edwards with 
 out being pleased with the earnestness with which the writer de 
 voted himself to the interpretation of the Scriptures. He was a 
 man of piety and considerable learning, and by no means destitute 
 of acutenes's. A very great number of difficult passages are ex 
 amined in the above works, [The Inquiry, Style, and Perfection of 
 the 0. and N. Test, and Excercitations,] and he must be no ordinary 
 scholar who does not find instruction in them." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 "That he was a man of extensive learning cannot be denied; 
 and in the materials from which we have drawn up this article, he 
 i* said to have been the Paul, the Augustine, the Brawardine, the 
 Calvin of his age." DR. KIPPIS : Biog. Brit., q. v. 
 
 " Edwards was a voluminous writer of a controversial spirit, who 
 pointed out and endeavoured to check the departure from reforma 
 tion principles in his time, but not in the spirit that would com 
 mend his sentiments." Bickcrstcth's O. S. 
 
 Edwards, John. British Herbal, Lon., 1770, fol.; 
 1775. With 100 col'd plates of flowers which blow in the 
 open air of G. Britain, with descriptions and manner of 
 cultivation. 
 
 Edwards, John. Serms., Lon., 1773, 8vo. 
 
 Edwards, John. Goose Grass for Scurvy, Lon., 
 1784, 8vo. 
 
 Edwards, John. The Patriot Soldier ; a Poem, 1784, 
 4to. Kathleen, 1808, 4to. Abradates and Pan thea; a Tra 
 gedy, 1808, 8vo. Interests of Ireland, 1815. 
 
 Edwards, John. Serins., &c., Lon., 1791-1806. 
 
 Edwards, Jonathan, D.D., 1629-1712, a native of 
 Wrexham, Denbighshire, entered Christ Church, Oxford, 
 1655 ; Fellow of Jesus Coll., 1662 ; Rector of Kiddington, Ox 
 fordshire, which (in 1681) he exchanged for Hinton, Hamp 
 shire; Principal of Jesus Coll., 1686. Remarks upon Dr. 
 Sherlock's Examination of the Oxford Decree, Ac., Oxf., 
 1695, 4to ; anon. A Preservative against Socinianism, in 4 
 parts; with an Index by Mr.T.Hearne, Oxf.,1698-1703, 4to. 
 
 " Valuable and satisfactory." BickersteWs Chris. Student. 
 
 On the 2d Article, 1702. A Vindication of the Doctrine 
 of Original Sin, Oxf., 1711, 8vo. This is against Dr. Daniel 
 Whitby. 
 
 Edwards, Jonathan, 1703-1758, an eminent meta 
 physician and divine, was born on the 5th of October, at 
 Windsor, in the province of Connecticut. His ancestors, 
 who were English, emigrated to America in the reign of 
 Queen Elizabeth. His father, Rev. Timothy Edwards, was 
 pastor of a church in Windsor for sixty years. In 1716 
 Jonathan became a student of Yale College, where he re 
 ceived the degree of B.A. in his seventeenth year. He 
 evinced at an early age that love for metaphysical studies 
 which was the principal characteristic of his very remark 
 able intellect. When only thirteen, he read Locke On 
 the Human Understanding, with a keener delight than a 
 " miser feels when gathering up handfuls of silver and gold 
 from some newly-discovered treasure." In 1722 he was 
 licensed to preach, and exercised his ministry for eight 
 months in the city of New York; his congregation being 
 composed of English Presbyterians. Returning home in 
 the spring of 1723, he devoted himself to his studies. In 
 the ensuing spring he took his Master's degree, and whilst 
 at New Haven was appointed tutor in Yale College. The 
 duties of this post he performed with great success and 
 reputation. In September, 1726, he accepted an invitation 
 to become the colleague of his mother's father, Mr. Stod- 
 dard, in a church at Northampton. He was installed in 
 February, 1727, and continued the discharge of his minis 
 terial duties in this post for twenty-four years. In July of 
 this year he was married to Miss Sarah Pierrepont. 
 
 Whilst zealously employed in his efforts for the spiritual 
 improvement of his charge, Mr. Edwards was pained to 
 find that some young men of the congregation had im 
 ported a number of improper books, and were engaged in 
 circulating them, to the great injury of good morals. De 
 termined to arrest the evil, he spared not in his reproofs a 
 number of the members of the most influential families, 
 who were known to be offenders. This praiseworthy zeal 
 elicited much dislike, which was increased by his insisting 
 on holiness of life in all who approached the table of' our 
 Lord. After several meetings of the members of his con 
 gregation, it was finally put to vote whether he should con 
 tinue to act as their pastor: it is melancholy to be obliged 
 to state that this good man was ejected by a majority of 180. 
 
 Mr. Edwards now removed to Stockbridge, Massachu 
 setts, where he preached to the Indians and a few white 
 hearers. During his residence at this station, he devoted 
 his leisure hours to writing his principal works. It was 
 here that he completed his design of preparing a treatise 
 on the subject of Free Will : 
 
 " It was not till the month of July, 1752. that he appears to 
 have resumed his studies on the subject of free will ; for the 7th 
 of that month he writes Dr. Erskine that he hoped soon to be at 
 leisure to resume his design, and gives him another sketch of the 
 plan of his book, in which, though there be nothing new, there is 
 more than in that which he had formerly sent him. Whatever 
 opinion may be held with regard to Mr. Edwards's argument, it 
 must .appear astonishing to those who are capable of appreciating 
 the difficulty of his subject, that, in nine months from the date of 
 this letter, on the 14th of April, 1753, he could write Dr. Erskine 
 that he had almost finished the first draught of what he originally 
 intended, though he was under the necessity of delaying the pub 
 lication till he knew the result of proposals which he had circulated 
 for printing his book by subscription. This book was published 
 in 1754; and, though he had made some progress in preparing his 
 materials before he left Northampton, was certainly written, and 
 nearly completed, within the time ascertained by the two letters 
 referred to, and must be admitted to convey a very striking idea 
 both of his mental resources and of his literary ardour." SIR HENRT 
 MONCRIEFF : Wellwood's Life of Dr. Erskine. 
 
 In 1757, on the death of his son-in-law, the Rev. Aaron 
 Burr, (father of Aaron Burr, afterwards Vice-President 
 of the United States,) Mr. Edwards was chosen his suc 
 cessor as President of the College of New Jersey, at Prince 
 ton. This unexpected call found him deeply engaged in 
 projecting several extensive theological works, among 
 which were, A History of the Work of Redemption, and a 
 Harmony of the Old and New Testaments. Guided by the 
 counsel of several judicious friends, he accepted the prof 
 fered office, and removed to Princeton in January, 1758. 
 On the 16th of the next month he assumed the duties of 
 the presidency, from which he was removed by death on 
 the 22d of March ensuing. His death was caused by an 
 attack of the small-pox, then prevailing in the town. Mr. 
 Edwards had been inoculated about a month before his 
 decease. 
 
 His Treatise on Original Sin, in answer to Dr. Taylor, 
 of Norwich, was finished in the year before his death. It 
 is said that even Taylor acknowledged that he was defeated. 
 The excellent Treatise on the Religious Affections, pub; 
 1746, has been highly commended as one of the best ever 
 penned upon this most important theme. In addition to 
 these works, Mr. Edwards published Sermons, 1731, '34, 
 '38, '41, '44, '46, '52. A Narrative of the Work of God in 
 the Conversion of many hundred souls in Northampton, in 
 1736. Thoughts on the Revival of Religion, 1742. An 
 Attempt to Promote Agreement in Prayer for the Revival 
 of Religion, 1746. Life of D. Brainerd, 1746. An In 
 quiry into the Qualifications for full Communion in the 
 Church, 1749. A Reply to S. Williams's Answer to the In 
 quiry, 1752. After his death, there were published from 
 his MSS. 18 Sermons (with his life) by Dr. Hopkins, 1765; 
 The History of Redemption, 1774; On the Nature of True 
 Virtue, 1788; God's Last End in the Creation; 33 Ser 
 mons; 20 Sermons, 1789; Miscellaneous Observations, 
 1793; Miscellaneous Remarks, 1796. 
 
 Mr. Edwards's principal work, A Careful and Strict In 
 quiry into the modern prevailing notion that Freedom of 
 Will is supposed to be essential to Moral Agency, is un 
 doubtedly the great bulwark of Calvinistic theology. As an 
 intellectual production, it proves its author to have been 
 one of the greatest metaphysicians that the world has ever 
 seen. We have many testimonies to support this assertion : 
 
 " I consider Jonathan Edwards the greatest of the sons of men. 
 He ranks with the brightest luminaries of the Christian church, 
 not excluding any country, or any age, since the apostolic." RO 
 BERT HALL. 
 
 "That great master-mind, Jonathan Edwards, whose close- 
 sighted observation, clear judgment, and unbending faithfulness, 
 were of the very highest order." DR. J. PYE SMITH. 
 
 Dr. Erskine very happily groups together the characte 
 ristics of our author : 
 
 "Jonathan Edwards was remarkable for the penetration and 
 extent of his understanding, for his powers of criticism and accu 
 rate distinction, quickness of thought, solidity of judgment, and 
 force of reasoning. . . He very early discovered a genius above the 
 ordinary size, which gradually ripened and expanded by daily 
 exertion and application. By nature he was formed for a logician 
 and a metaphysician ; but, by speculation, observation, and con 
 verse, greatly improved. He had a good insight into the whole 
 circle of liberal arts and sciences; possessed a very valuable stock 
 of classical learning, philosophy, mathematics, history, and chro 
 nology." 
 
 Dr. Erskine, an excellent judge of men and books, in 
 troduced several of our author's writings to the British 
 public, "and declared that he did not think our age had 
 produced a divine of equal judgment or genius." 
 
EDW 
 
 " Jonathan Edwards is a writer of great originality and piety, 
 and with extraordinary mental powers. He in fact commenced a 
 new and higher school in divinity, to which many subsequent 
 writers, Erskine, Fuller, Newton, Scott, Ryland, the Milners, 
 Dwight, and indeed the great body of evangelical authors who 
 have since lived, have been indebted." REV. E. BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Dugald Stewart, after noticing Collins's controversy with 
 Clarke, remarks that 
 
 "It is remarkable how completely Collins has anticipated Dr. 
 Jonathan Edwards, the most celebrated,, and indisputably the 
 ablest, champion of the scheme of Necessity who has since ap- 
 
 reader will hardly expect us to voluntarily engulf 
 ourselves in this whirlpool of metaphysics, wherein the 
 wits of many great, many wise, many valiant men have 
 been so completely wrecked. Baron de Grimm, indeed, 
 cut the Gordian knot without ceremony, but we doubt if 
 his noble auditor, the Duke of Saxe Gotha, received much 
 either of instruction or edification from the baron's decla 
 mation; and certain we are that it would require more 
 than Diderot's letter to reconcile us to Diderot's philosophy. 
 
 EDW 
 
 The History of the "Work of Redemption, which is a mere out 
 line of what the author intended, (see ante,) exhibits a -method 
 entirely new. Though a posthumous publication, it discovers the 
 same originality and accuracy of thought with the other works of 
 the author." DR. WILLIAMS. 
 
 " It shows the author's intimate acquaintance with the plan of 
 heaven, and how well he could illustrate its progressive develop 
 ment." ORME. 
 
 From this last-named writer, a very eminent authority, 
 we quote some further comments on our great author : 
 
 "Jonathan Edwards, as a philosopher, as well as a divine, had 
 few equals, and no superior, among his contemporaries. His works 
 will live as long as powerful reasoning, genuine religion, and the 
 science of the human mind, continue to be objects of respect. . . . 
 The Treatise on Religious Affections discovers his profound ac 
 quaintance with the nature of genuine religion, and with all the 
 deceitful workings of the human heart. The Inquiry into the Free 
 dom of the Human Will displays the talent of the author as a 
 metaphysician, and his accurate knowledge of the Arminian and 
 Calvinistic controversy. His Defence of the Christian Doctrine of 
 Original Sin, designed partly as an answer to a work on that sub 
 ject by Dr. John Taylor of Norwich, discovers the same high quali 
 ties which belong to his former works, with a greater portion of 
 
 Sir James Mackintosh, who whilst at college had de- j excellent critical interpretation of the Scripture. His style, it is 
 
 bated with his friend Robert Hall "almost every import 
 ant position in Edwards on the Will," thus speaks of him 
 in later years : 
 
 "This remarkable man, the metaphysician of America, was 
 formed among the Calvinists of New England, when their stern 
 doctrine retained its vigorous authority. His power of subtile 
 argument, perhaps unmatched, certainly unsurpassed among 
 men, was joined, as in some of the ancient Mystics, with a charac 
 ter which raised his piety to fervour. He embraced their doctrine, 
 probably without knowing it to be theirs. ' True religion,' says 
 he, 'in a great measure, consists in holy affections.' . . . His ethical 
 theory is contained in his Dissertation on the Nature of True Vir 
 tue; and in another, On God's chief End in the Creation. ... As 
 far as Edwards confines himself to created beings, and while his j 
 theory is perfectly intelligible, it coincides with that of universal 
 benevolence, hereafter to be considered." See 2d Prelim. Dissert. 
 to Encyc. Brit. 
 
 to be regretted, repels many from the examination of his writings ; 
 but a little perseverance and attention will render it familiar to a 
 diligent student, and the effect of his close and convincing reason 
 ing will prove eminently beneficial to the understanding." Bi- 
 bliotheca Biblica. 
 
 " A profound searcher into the genuine sources of truth, well 
 versed in the Holy Scriptures, a close and minute reasoner, a 
 strenuous defender of holiness and the rights of God; plain and 
 perspicuous in his method, unadorned but prolix in his language. 
 On the whole, a most excellent writer, both practical and contro 
 versial." Dr. Williams' s Christian Preacher. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson refers to the respect accorded to Edwards's 
 powerful work by both parties of theologians : 
 
 " As a theological writer, he occupies the foremost rank amongst 
 metaphysical divines. His work on the Freedom of the Will, is 
 universally acknowledged to be one of the greatest efforts of hu 
 man intellect ; and while he is regarded by the Calvinists as the 
 greatest champion of the philosophical necessity on which their 
 
 The other young philosopher-the college friend of Sir |S is buSt^ ^SnC. aZ^k to m^as an Sorit^ 
 James, who rose to as great distinction m another sphere t ^ hoge princ j p ies and reasoning they are forced to treat with respect. 
 that most eloquent orator, Robert Hall, always retained 
 his reverence for Edwards. His acquaintance with his 
 
 writings commenced at even an earlier period than those 
 happy days when the two friends debated so keenly, yet 
 amicably, amidst the picturesque scenery of the banks of 
 tho Don. Dr. Gregory assures us that when Robert Hall 
 
 was as yet a mere child, " The works of Jonathan Edwards 
 were among his favourites ; and it is an ascertained fact, 
 
 reperused, with intense interest, the treatises of that pro 
 found and extraordinary thinker on the ' Affections' and 
 
 The other works of Mr. Edwards On Original Sin, On the Affections, 
 The History of Redemption bear the same stamp of high intel 
 lectual power, and all enjoy an extensive reputation." 
 
 For a comparison between Bishop Butler and Jonathan 
 Edwards, see BUTLER, JOSEPH, in this volume. A highly- 
 respected authority thus advises : 
 
 ' Coming on to modern theological writers, I recommend you to 
 familiarize yourselves with the works of the acute, the philosophi- 
 i i cal, the profound, the pious Jonathan Edwards, and those of Au- 
 
 that before he was nine years ot age, he had { erased and i dre ' w Fu f ler l know no thing like the latter for a beautiful com 
 bination of doctrinal, practical, and experimental religion." 
 Counsels to Students of Theology on leaving College, by John Angdl 
 
 on the 'Will.' His regard never diminished; he for full James. 
 
 sixty years read Jonathan Edwards's writings with undi- 
 minished pleasure." 
 
 We notice the following editions of Edwards's works : 
 1. Edit. pub. at Worcester, Mass., 1809, 8 vols. 8vo. (See 
 
 It is hardly necessary perhaps to observe that in quoting ! No. 7.) 2. Edited by Dr. Williams, of Rotherham, Lon., 
 these testimonies to the intellectual greatness of Edwards, I 1817, 8 vols. r. 8vo, and vols. ix. and x., Edin., 1847, r. 8vo, 
 the theological system of which he was so able an exposi- 7 8s. 3. By Edward Hickman, Lon., 1834, 2 vols. imp. 
 
 8vo ; 1839, 42s. 4. An edit, by Dr. Austin, 1809, 8 vols. 
 5. An edit, by Dr. Sereno Edward Dwight, 1830, 10 vols. 
 8vo. 6. An edit. pub. in New York in 4 vols. r. 8vo, 1844. 
 To this edit. Mr. Robert Ogle, of London, added 2 vols. r. 
 8vo, in 1846. The two supplementary vols. contain The 
 Notes on the Bible, Miscellaneous Observations, Types of 
 the Messiah, and 17 Occasional Sermons. 7. A reprint 
 of the Worcester edit, was pub. in N. York in 1855, 4 vols. 
 
 tor is not at all intended to be brought under consideration. 
 
 " The Treatise on the Will is to a true philosophy of human na 
 ture as the demonstrations of Leibnitz are to modern mechanical 
 science." ISAAC TAYLOR. 
 
 "To theological students his works are almost indispensable. 
 In all the branches of theology, didactic, polemical, casuistic, ex 
 perimental, and practical, he had few equals, and perhaps no supe 
 rior. The number and variety of his works show the intenseness 
 of his industry and the uncommon strength of his intellectual 
 
 powers. The Inquiry into the Will is a masterly work, which, as g VQ> j n 1852 / N> Y ork, 18"mo) a series of 16 Lectures on 
 a specimen of exact analysis, of profound or perfect abstraction, _, . a tl_ _* v. r T> 'A ~WA A > 
 
 of conclusive logic, and of calm discussion, will long support its Chanty and its Fruits was pub. from President Edwards 8 
 
 - MSS., edited by the author s great-grandson, the Rev. 
 Tryon Edwards, D.D., of New London, Connecticut. We 
 are pleased to announce that this gentleman, the trustee of 
 Edwards's MSS., is now (1858) engaged upon a new ed. of 
 the works of his distinguished ancestor, to be issued in Edin 
 burgh and the United States simultaneously. We venture 
 to express the hope that the editor will not hesitate to make 
 this edition as complete as the business prospects of the un 
 dertaking will at all justify. Few of the admirers of Pre 
 sident Edwards have any conception of the vast store of 
 
 high reputation, and will continue to be used as a classic material 
 in the business of intellectual education." Lowndes's Bi~it. Lib. 
 
 Of this work the London Quarterly Review remarks : 
 " It is commonly referred to by modern Calvinists as containing 
 both their sentiments and the confirmation of them. In it the 
 metaphysical reasonings in favour of the predestination tenets, 
 produced in such abundance during the century succeeding the 
 Reformation, have been digested and brought within reasonable 
 compass." 
 
 The Introductory Essay by Isaac Taylor to the edition 
 
 pub. in London, 1831, has been highly commended: "It 
 
 established the author's claims to rank among the most j his writin 
 
 tunity to 
 
 accomplished metaphysical writers of the present day. 
 His main object is to analyze and separate, as by a chemi 
 cal test, the different elements of Edwards's arguments, 
 and to place in its true light, or to refer to its proper de 
 partment of science, the Inquiry concerning human agency, 
 free will, liberty, and necessity." 
 
 These manuscripts are very numerous. The seventeenth cen 
 
 tury was 
 Hall amou 
 
 an age of voluminous authorship. The works of Bishop 
 unt to ten volumes octavo; Lightfoot's, to thirteen; Jere 
 my Taylor's, to fifteen ; Dr. Goodwin's, to twenty ; Owen's, to twenty- 
 eight; while Baxter's would extend to some sixty volumes, or 
 from thirty to forty thousand closely-printed octavo pages. The 
 
 " The Inquiry into the Will is a most profound and acute disqui- manuscripts of Edwards, if all published, would be more volumi- 
 sition. The English Calvinists have produced nothing to be put nou s than the works of any of these writers, if possibly the last 
 
 in competition with it. ... That extraordinary man, who in a 
 metaphysical age or country would certainly have been deemed 
 as much the boast of America as his great countryman, Franklin." 
 SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH. 
 
 The Discourses on Justification Mr. Bickersteth considers 
 among the best on that all-important doctrine. 
 
 be excepted. And these manuscripts have been carefully preserved 
 and kept together; and about three years since were committed to 
 the editor of this work, as sole permanent trustee, by all the then 
 surviving grand-children of their author." Preface to Charity and 
 its Fruits. 
 
 After this statement, we shall hardly excuse Dr. Edwards 
 
EDW 
 
 if he fail to add considerably to the contents of the previous j 
 editions of the works of his great ancestor. In addition 
 to the notices contained in the works already referred 
 to, the reader must peruse the biography of this distin- | 
 guished divine in Middleton's Evangel. Biog., and the 
 Life, by Samuel Miller, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 1st series, 
 viii. 1. 
 
 Edwards, Jonathan, D.D., 1745-1801, son of the 
 preceding, graduated at the College of New Jersey, 1765; 
 licensed to preach, 1766; tutor at Princeton College, 1767- 
 69 ; pastor of the church of White Haven at New Haven, 
 1769-95; pastor of the church at Colebrook, in Litchfield 
 county, 1796; President of Union Coll., Schenectady, N. 
 York, 1799-1801. Dr. Edwards pub. a number of serms. 
 and theological treatises, for a list of which see Allen's 
 Amer. Biog. Diet., and a collective edit, of his works edited 
 by his grandson, Dr. Tryon Edwards. He was a contri 
 butor (signatures I and 0) to the N. York Theolog. Maga 
 zine, and edited from his father's MSS. The History of the 
 Work of Redemption, two vols. of Sermons, and two vols. 
 of Observations on important theolog. subjects. Many in 
 teresting particulars respecting the second President Ed 
 wards not to be met with elsewhere will be found in the 
 Memoir pub. by Dr. Tryon Edwards. 
 
 " There were several remarkable coincidences in the lives of Dr. 
 Edwards and his father. Both were tutors in the seminaries in 
 which they were educated; were dismissed on account of their re 
 ligious opinions; were settled again in retired situations; were 
 elected to the presidentship of a college ; and, in a short time after 
 they were inaugurated, died at nearly the same age. They were 
 also remarkably similar in person and character." 
 
 Edwards, Joseph. Serms., 1731, '36, '43, '50. 
 Edwards, Rev. Joseph, second Master of King's \ 
 College, London, has pub. a number of useful educational 
 and theolog. works. Some of the former were written in 
 conjunction with W. Cross of Queen's Coll., Cambridge. 
 Edwards, Mrs. M. C. Grammar, 1796, 8vo. 
 Edwards, Morgan, 1722-1795, a Baptist minister, a 
 native of Wales, came to America in 1761, and became pas 
 tor of a church in Philadelphia. He pub. several serms. 
 and theolog. treatises, and Materials towards a History of 
 Baptists of Penn. and N. Jersey, 1792, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Edwards, P. H. The Imperial Conspirator Over 
 thrown ; a serio-burlesque performance, 1808, Svo. 
 
 EdAvartls, Peter. Candid Reasons for renouncing 
 the principles of Antipsedobaptism, Lon., 1793, Svo; 4th 
 ed., Edin., 1841, 12mo; Phila., 1841. 
 
 " Confining his attention in this essay to a few principal topics, 
 he has produced an argument of unusual power and conclusive- 
 ness. It cannot be overcome, and all attempts hitherto employed 
 to set it aside have been feeble." 
 
 Baptism ; being an address to Baptists and Psedobaptists, 
 1805, 12mo. 
 
 Edwards, Richard, 1523-1566? an early dramatic 
 writer, educated at Corpus Christi Coll., and Christ Church, 
 Oxf., is best known as the designer and principal contri 
 butor to The Paradyse of Daynty Deuises, and as the author 
 of Damon and Pythias, certainly one of the first English 
 dramas upon a classical subject. This tragedy pub. Lon., 
 1570, '71, '82, 4to was acted before Queen Elizabeth in | 
 1566. Her majesty also witnessed the performance of 
 Edwards's Comedy of Paleemon and Arcyte in Christ Ch. 
 Hall, 1566. Wood gives an amusing acount of the per- | 
 forniance, and tells us that the cry of the hounds in the 
 hunting of Theseus was so well imitated, that some, of the ! 
 young scholars 
 
 " Were so much taken and surpriz'd (supposing it had been real) 
 that they cried out, There, there he's caught, he's caught. All 
 which the queen merrily beholding, said, excellent! those boys | 
 in very truth are ready to leap out of the windows to follow the j 
 hounds." See Athen. Oxon., Bliss's ed., i. 353. 
 
 Besides the edits, we have noticed of The excellent ! 
 [Tragical] Comedieof two of the moste faith fullest Freendes 
 Damon and Pithias, there is another, sine anno. The ma 
 drigals and other poetical pieces of Edwards were very 
 popular. His "May" and "I may not," the lines on the 
 maxim of Terence, Amantium irce amoria rcdintegratio est, 
 and the stanzas " In Commendation of Musick," (see the 
 first stanza in Romeo and Juliet,) are compositions of rare 
 excellence. We would fain linger on this theme, but our 
 limits forbid. Respecting this once-popular poet, and the 
 Paradyse of Daynty Deuises, (first pub. in 1576, and re- 
 pub, in The British Bibliographer,) the reader will find 
 copious notices in Puttenham's Arte of Eng. Poet. ; Bliss's 
 Wood's Athen. Oxon.; Wood's Annals; Sir E. Brydges's 
 edit, of Phillips's Theatrum Poetarurn; Brit. Bibliog., 
 vol. iii.; Hawkins's Hist, of Music; Ellis's Specimens 
 Eng. Poet. ; Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet. ; Biog. Dramat. ; 
 Collier's Hist, of Dram. Poet. ; and Drake's Shaksp. and 
 his Times. 
 
 EDW 
 
 " If I should be thought to have been disproportionately prolix 
 in speaking of Edwards, I would be understood to have partly in 
 tended a tribute of respect to the memory of a poet who is one of 
 the earliest of our dramatic writers after the reformation of the 
 British stage. . . . Edwards, besides that he was a writer of regular 
 dramas, appears to have been a contriver of masques, and a com 
 poser of poetry for pageants. In a word, he united all those arts 
 and accomplishments which minister to popular pleasantry: he 
 was the first fiddler, the most feshipnable sonneteer, the readiest 
 rhymer, and the most facetious mimic of the court." Warton's 
 Hist, of Eng. Poetry. 
 
 Edwards, Richard. River Neen, <fcc., Lon.,1749,8vo. 
 Edwards, Richard. Letter to J. Hanbury, Esq., 
 Lon., 1772, 4to. Letter to Bp. S. Barrington, 1773, 4to. 
 
 Edwards, Richard. 3 books on Eng. Prosody, &., 
 1813. 
 
 Edwards, Roger. Psalmes and Prayers, Lon., 1570, 
 16mo. 
 
 Edwards, Sampson. Lett, to Woodward, Lon., 8vo. 
 Edwards, Sydenham. Cynographia Britannica, 
 Lon., 1800, 4to. 61 Plates, representing about 150 Rare 
 Plants, Lon., 1809, 4to. Botanical Register, 14 vols. r. 8vo, 
 2 9s. each. New series, edited by Dr. Lindley, with 750 
 col'd plates, 1838-47, 10 vols. r. 8vo, 22. 1st Series was 
 pub. in 13 vols. r. Svo; each 2 10s. : 2d Series, 10 vols. r. 
 Svo; each 2 10s.: 3d Series, 10 vols. r. Svo; each 2 4s. 
 Edwards, T. W. C. Educational works, 1818, 8vo. 
 Edwards, Tenison. Orders H. Ct. of Chancery, 
 1815-45, Lon., 1845, 12mo; Addenda, 1845-48, 1848, 12mo. 
 Edwards, Thomas, d. 1647, educated at Trinity 
 Coll., Camb., became a clergyman of the Church of Eng 
 land, which he renounced for Presbyterianism. He was a 
 bitter opponent of the Independents, and pub. against 
 them, in addition to other pieces, Gangraena; or a Disco 
 very of many of the Errors, Heresies, Blasphemies, and 
 pernicious practices of the Sectaries of the time, vented 
 and acted in England in these four last years, 3 parts, Lon., 
 1646, 4to. 
 
 " Edwards's Gangraena gives a horrible picture of the state of the 
 sects in that time. He was a rigid Presbyterian, and very bitter 
 against those who differed from that system. His statements can 
 not therefore be trusted." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 This attack was too much for the patience of the Inde 
 pendents. They drove their opponent from England, and 
 he died in Holland. This he could not complain of, as 
 he was himself a violent enemy to toleration, and wrote a 
 work entitled The Casting Down of the last and strongest 
 hold of Satan ; or, A Treatise against Toleration, 1647, 4to. 
 See an account of Edwards and his writings in Wood's Fasti. 
 Edwards, Thomas. Serin., 1660, 8vo. 
 Edwards, Thomas. Review of Crispinianism Un 
 masked, Lon., 1693, 4to. Gospel Truth, <fcc., 1693, 4to. 
 Baxterianism Barefaced, 1699, 4to. 
 
 Edwards, Thomas. Praying in the Spirit ; against 
 Extemp. Prayer, Lon., 1703, 8vo. Diocesan Episcopacy 
 proved from Holy Scripture, 1705, 8vo. 
 
 Edwards, Thomas, 1699F-1757, a critic of consi 
 derable ability, was a member of Lincoln's Inn, and called 
 to the bar, but never practised. He was devoted to the 
 study of Shakspeare, and was so indignant at the pompous 
 ignorance and arrogance displayed by Warburton in his 
 edition of the immortal bard, that he indited an epistle 
 to him, entitled A Letter to the author of a late Epistolary 
 Dedication, addressed to Mr. Warburton. This was fol 
 lowed in 1747 by a Supplement to Mr. Warburton's edition 
 of Shakspeare. It pleased the public ; and in 1748 a 3d edit, 
 was pub. under the title of The Canons of Criticism, and a 
 Glossary, being a Supplement to Mr. Warburton's edition 
 of Shakspeare; collected from the notes in that celebrated 
 work, and proper to be bound up with it. Again pub., 
 1750, 8vo. Best (7th) edit., 1765, 8vo, which contains the 
 Trial of the Letter Y alias Y in order to settle the ortho 
 graphy of our Language, and Sonnets. Also, Remarks on 
 Shakspeare by Mr. Roderick. 
 
 The Canons of Criticism was a fair hit at Warburton; 
 for he remarked in his preface, that he had once designed 
 giving the reader a body of canons for literary criticism, 
 and a glossary, but that he had not carried out this idea, 
 as these uses might be well supplied by what he had occa 
 sionally remarked in his notes on Shakspeare. 
 
 Edwards thought this too good a chance to be lost. He 
 therefore drew up a set of the most absurd pretended ca 
 nons from Warburton's notes, and gave instances in sup 
 port of them from the same authority. This enraged the 
 amiable prelate not a little, and in his notes to the Dunciad 
 he takes advantage of Pope's two lines 
 
 " Her children first of more distinguished sort, 
 
 Who study Shakspeare at the inns of court" 
 to add a comment most abusive of the satirist. But Ed- 
 i wards had altogether the best of the battle. Warton ap- 
 
 M7 
 
EDW 
 
 proved of his canons highly, and they were applauded by j 
 Dr. Johnson, but the latter, who was a great admirer of 
 Warburton, took care to add 
 
 " Sir, a fly may sting and tease a horse, and yet the horse is the 
 nobler animal." 
 
 In 1761 was pub. a tract of our author's, entitled Free 
 and Candid Thoughts on the Doctrine of Predestination. 
 It contains nothing new. See Biog. Brit.; Nichols's Lit. 
 Anecdotes; Kichardson's Corresp. 
 
 EdAvards, Thomas, 1729-1785, entered at, (1747,) 
 and Fellow of, Clare Hall, Camb. ; Rector of John the 
 Baptist, Coventry, 1758 ; Vicar of Nuneaton, "Warwickshire, 
 1770. He was a strenuous Arininian. New English trans, 
 of the Psalms, from the original Hebrew, reduced to metre 
 by the late Bishop Hare, with Notes and Illustrations, Lon., 
 1755, 8vo. Prolegomena in Libros Veteris Testament! 
 Poeticos, Ac., Cantab., 1762, 8vo. 
 
 " These works contain a defence and illustration of Bishop Hare's 
 principles of Hebrew metre, which have had few advocates since the 
 publication of Lowth's Lectures ou the Hebrew Poetry, and his 
 Isaiah. The- translation of the Psalms affords occasional assistance 
 for understanding them, and contains various emendations of the 
 Hebrew text, suggested by the metre. The Latin Prolegomena, 
 which defend Hare and attack Lowth, are sometimes ingenious, 
 but seldom satisfactory. Dr. Edwards was evidently a man of 
 learning and talents.' Orme's JBibl. Bib. 
 
 The Doctrine of Irresistible Grace proved to have no 
 foundation in the writings of the New Testament, 1759, 8vo. 
 " I mention this work, not on account of its theology, which is 
 incorrect, but of its criticism, which is sometimes valuable ; as it 
 goes over a great number of passages in the New Testament criti 
 cally, and places some of them in new and advantageous lights." 
 ORME, ubi supra. 
 
 "A very accurate and learned performance, which does great 
 honour to my ingenious friend, the worthy author." DR. HARWOOD. 
 Dr. Edwards pub. several other learned works. 
 Edwards, Thomas, LL.D. The Jewish and Heathen 
 Rejection of the Christian Miracles, 1790, 4to. Other works. 
 Edwards, Thomas. Con. to Mem. Med., 1792. 
 Edwards, Thomas. Reports H. Ct, of Admiralty 
 on Vessels sailing under British Licenses, Lon., 1812, 8vo. 
 Reports H. Ct. of Admiralty, 1808-1812, Lon., 1812, 8vo. 
 N. York, 1813, '51, 8vo. 
 
 Edwards, Timothy, d. 1758, aged 88, father of the 
 first President Edwards, was a son of Richard Edwards, a 
 native of Hartford, Connecticut. Timothy graduated at 
 Harvard Coll. in 1691, was ordained in 1694, and was the 
 first minister of East Windsor, Conn. He pub. an Election 
 Sermon in 1732. It appears, from R. Wolcott's dedication 
 of his poems to him in 1723, that Mr. Edwards had some 
 pretensions as a poet. 
 
 Edwards, Timothy. A Paraphrase, with Critical 
 Annotations, on the Epistles of St. Paul to the Romans and 
 Galatians, Lon., 1752. 
 
 " A judicious compilation from the best previous commentaries 
 on the two epistles." Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 Edwards, Tryon, D.D., b. in Hartford, Connecticut, 
 1809, great-grandson of the first and grandson of the second 
 President Edwards, graduated at Yale Coll., and studied 
 theology at Princeton, New Jersey. Author of Child's 
 Commandment and Promise; Self-Cultivation; four tracts 
 pub. by the Amer. Tract Soc.; several serms. in the Na 
 tional Preacher ; and a number of occasional serms. or dis 
 courses. Memoir of Dr. Bellamy, pub. with his Complete 
 Works. Memoir of President Edwards the Younger, pub. 
 with his Complete Works. Christianity a Philosophy of 
 Principles, Ac. Address at Williams College. Editor of 
 Works of the younger President Edwards ; Charity and its 
 Fruits, from the MSS. of the elder President Edwards; the 
 Family Christian Almanac, (for several years.) 
 
 Dr. Edwards also designed and edited Select Poetry for 
 Children and Youth ; Jewels for the Household ; Anecdotes 
 for the Family; The Commandment Illustrated; The 
 World's Laconics, (under the assumed name of Everard 
 Berkeley.) 
 
 Contributor to The Christian Spectator ; New Englander ; 
 Biblical Repository ; Biblical Repertory ; and other period 
 icals. We have already announced the fact that Mr. Ed 
 wards is now (1858) engaged in preparing a new edition 
 of the works of his distinguished ancestor, the elder Pre 
 sident Edwards. See EDWARDS, JONATHAN. 
 
 Edwards, Capt. Wm. Ordinance of the Lords and 
 Commons, Ac., 1644, 4to. 
 
 Edwards, Wm. H. A Voyage up the Amazon, Lon., 
 1848, p. 8vo. 
 
 " Valuable for the information it gives on this very little known 
 part of the world." Lvn. Economist. 
 
 "This book is full of novelty." ion. Mhenceum. 
 Edwin, Archbishop of York. 22 Serms., Lon 
 1585, 4to. Serms., 1616, 4to. 
 
 Edwin, John, 1749-1794, a celebrated English corne- 
 
 EGE 
 
 dian. Eccentricities arranged and digested by Anthony 
 Pasquin, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Edy, J., M.D. Ruptures, Ac., Lon., 1801, 8vo. 
 Edy, John Wm. Scenes in Norway, Lon., 1812, fol. 
 Edye, John. Lett, to Wilberforce on the Importation 
 of Foreign Corn, 1815, 8vo. 
 Edzard, J. E. Serin., Lon., 1696, 4to. 
 Eedes, John. Justification by Faith, Lon., 1654, 4to. 
 Eedes, Richard, D.D. 6 Serms., Lon., 1604, 8vo. 
 Eedes, Richard. Serm., Lon., 1660, 4to. 
 Eelbeck, Henry. Epinicion Anglicanum, Ac., 8vo. 
 Eeles, Henry. Philos. Essays, or Thunder, Vapour, 
 Ac., Lon., 1772, 8vo. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1751. 
 Eff, Wm. Praise of the Gout, 1617, 4to. 
 Egan, Anthony. Book of Rates now used in the Sin 
 Custom-house of the Church and Court of Rome, Lon., 
 1674, 4to; 1678, 4to. Other publications. See Wood's 
 Fasti for account of this Franciscan. 
 
 Egan, Charles. Assessed Taxes, Lon., 1840, 12mo. 
 Law rel. to Building Societies, 1847, 8vo. Observ. on the 
 New French Law of Patents, 4to. 
 
 Egan, Robert. Exchanger, Dubl., 1781, 4to. 
 Egan, Thomas, M.D. Profes. con. to Trans. Roy. 
 Irish Acad., 1806. 
 
 Egbert, Ecbert, or Ecgbert, Archbishop of 
 York, b. about 678, d. 766, was the brother of Eadbert, 
 King of Northumberland. In 732 he succeeded the younger 
 Wilfrid in the See of York. 1. Dialogus de Ecclesiastica 
 Institutione, Dubl., 1664, 4to; Paris, 1666, 8vo. By War- 
 ton in 1693; etv. Bibl. Parr. Gallandii, xiii. 266. 2. Con- 
 stitutiones Ecclesiastics. Egbert composed the Confes- 
 sionale and Poanitentiale, which were afterwards the stand 
 ard authorities of the Anglo-Saxon Church; and some 
 other works are ascribed to him. See Wright's Biog. Brit., 
 and the authorities there quoted. 
 
 Egelshem, Wells. Eng. Grammar, Lon., 1781, 12mo. 
 Egerton. Theatrical Remembrancer, Lon., 1788, 12mo. 
 A continuation, said to be incorrect, was pub. by Barker 
 in 1801. 
 
 Egerton, Charles. Hist, of Eng. in Verse, Lon., 1780. 
 Egerton, D. T. Views in Mexico, 12 pictures, Lon., 
 1839, '40, atlas fol. A beautiful set of plates. 
 
 Egerton, Lady Frances, Countess of Ellesmere, 
 accompanied her husband in the journey which he has so 
 graphically described in his Mediterranean Sketches. Her 
 ladyship also pub. a record of her impressions under the 
 title of Journal of a Tour in the Holy Land, 8vo. 
 
 " The genuine pilgrim's heart we find in Lady F. Egrerton's un 
 pretending journal more than in any other modern expedition to 
 the Holy Land we know." See an article entitled Lady Travellers, 
 by Miss Rigby, in the Lon. Quar. Review, Ixxvi. 98-137. 
 
 Egerton,Francis,Earl of Ellesmere, K.G.,1800- 
 1857, second son of the Duke of Sutherland, added the lustre 
 of letters to the heraldic honours of his house. His trans, 
 of Goethe's Faust, of Schiller's and Korner's Poems, his 
 researches in Northern Archaeology, and Sketches of East 
 ern Travel, are too well known and appreciated to require 
 an extended notice in this place. 1. Camp of Wallenstein 
 and other Poems, Lon., 12mo. 2. Catherine of Cleves, and 
 Hernani ; Tragedies, 8vo. 3. Trans, from the German, 8vo. 
 4. Boyle Farm, 12mo. 5. Mediterranean Sketches, 1843, 
 p. 8vo. 6. The two Sieges of Vienna by the Turks, 1847, 
 p. 8vo. 
 
 " Of the manner in which the Earl of Ellesmere has discharged 
 the various duties of translator, editor, and author, we can speak 
 in terms of high praise. . . . The work is a valuable contribution 
 to the history of an important period." Lon. Athen. 
 
 7. Guide to Northern Archaeology, 1848, 8vo. 8. The 
 Military Events in Italy, 1848, '49 ; trans, from the Ger 
 man, p. 8vo, 1850. Commended by Lon. M. Chronicle. 
 9. Life and Character of the Duke of Wellington, 1852, 
 12mo. 10. Hist, of the Two Tartar Conquerors of China ; 
 from the French ; with an Introduc. by R. II. Major, Hak. 
 Soc., 1854, 8vo. 11. The Pilgrimage, and other Poems, 
 1856, 4to. See Two Funeral Serms. at the Funeral of tho 
 Earl of Ellesmere, by Rev. S. V. Beechey, 1857, 8vo. 
 
 Egerton, Francis Henry. See BRIDGE WATER, 
 EARL OF. 
 
 Egerton, Henry, a descendant of Lord Chancellor 
 Ellesmere, Bishop of Hereford. Serm., 1727, 4to; 172U, 
 4to; 1761, 4to; 1763, 4to. 
 
 Egerton, John, son of the preceding, educated at 
 Oriel Coll., Oxf., collated to the living of Ross, Hertford 
 shire, 1743; Bishop of Bangor, 1756; of Lichfield and 
 Coventry, 1768 ; of Durham, 1771. Serm., Lon., 1757, 4to; 
 1761, 4to; 1763, 4to; 1768, 4to. 
 
 Egerton, Stephen. Lecture, Lon., 1589, 8vo. Cate 
 chizing, 1594, 1630, 8vo. Subjection to God and the King, 
 1616, 8vo. 
 
EGE 
 
 Egerton, Stephen. Boring of the Bare, Lon., 1623, 
 12mo. 
 
 Egerton, Thomas, Baron of Ellesmere, Viscount 
 Bradley, b. about 1540, d. 1617, educated at Brasenose 
 Coll., Oxf., was constituted Lord High Chancellor by James 
 I. in 1603. Speech in the Exchequer Chamber, Lon., 1609, 
 4to. Observ. on Lord Coke's Reports, fol. A Treatise on 
 Chancery, (1641, 4to,) and one on The Chancellorship, 
 (1651, 8vo,) are ascribed to him, but, it is thought, erro 
 neously. He left many MSS. on legal and political sub- 
 iect. See Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors. We have 
 already noticed a biography of this eminent statesman, 
 pub. by the DUKE OP BRIDGEWATER, q. v. 
 
 '' But surely all Christendom afforded not a person which carried 
 more gravity in his countenance and behaviour than Sir Thouias 
 Kgerton, insomuch that many have gone to the Chancery on pur 
 pose only to see his venerable garb, (happy they who had no other 
 business!) and were highly pleased at so acceptable a spectacle. 
 Yet was his outward case nothing in comparison of his inward 
 abilities, quick wit, solid judgment, ready utterance." Fuller's 
 Worthies of Cheshire. 
 
 Egerton, Wm. Life of Mrs. A. Oldfield, Lon., 1731, 
 Svo. 
 
 Eglesfield, Fr. Monarchy revived in the most illus 
 trious Chas. the Second, Lon., 1661, 1822, Svo, 14 portraits. 
 Eglesfield, James. Serm., Lon., 1640. 
 Egleton, John. H. of Commons, Lon., 1714, Svo. 
 Eglisham, Eglisemmius, or, as abbreviated, Egli- 
 sem, George, M.D., a Scotchman, "Doctor of Physick, 
 and one of the physicians to King James [II.] of happy 
 memory, for his Majestie's person, above ten years' space," 
 has already claimed our notice in the article on GEORGE 
 BUCHANAN. Hypocrisis Apologeticae Orationis Vorstianae, 
 Delph., 1612, 4to. Duelluni Poeticum, Ac., Georg. Bu- 
 chanano, Lon., 1618, '19, Svo. Prodromus Vindictse in 
 Ducem Buckinghamise, 1626, 4to. The Forerunner of 
 Revenge, 1642, 4to. Declaration concerning poisoning K. 
 James of happy memory, 1648, 4to. 
 Egmont, Earls of. See PERCEVAL. 
 Egremont, John. The Mildew, Lon., 1806, Svo. 
 Egremont, John. Law of Highways, Ac., Lon., 1830, 
 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Egwin, a native of the district of the Hwiccas, d. about 
 718, was made Bishop of Worcester on the death of Oftfor, 
 about 692. Bale attributes to him three works : a History 
 of the Foundation of Evesham, a Book of Visions, and a 
 Life, of Aldhelm. 
 
 " The latter, if it ever existed, is now lost. The other two are 
 without doubt the same as those from which his biographer [sup 
 posed to be Berctwald, Archbishop of Canterbury] has given such 
 copious extracts ; but it is difficult to say whether they still existed 
 at the time of Bale, and it is equally uncertain whether they were 
 separate books, or only parts of one work. . . . Egwin of Worcester 
 is remarkable as the first Englishman who wrote any thing like an 
 autobiography; but this was only an account of his pretended 
 visions." WrighVs Biog. Brit. Lit., q. v. 
 
 Ehret, G. D. Horticult. con. to Phil. Trans., 1763- 
 67. Hist., <fec. of R. Warner's Jessamine, fol. 
 
 Eichelberger, Rev. S., Lutheran preacher, Winches 
 ter, edited 2 vols. Sermons on National Blessings and Obli 
 gations, 1830. 
 
 Eichorn, Charles. A Practical German Grammar, 
 N. York, 1849, 12ino. 
 
 " The arrangement is excellent. The illustrations are sufficiently 
 full and the rules comprehensive. It is the best practical grammar 
 of the German language." 
 
 Eisdell, J. S. Industry of Nations. Vol. K, Produc 
 tion. Vol. ii., Distribution, Ac., Lon., 1839, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " The fruits of great diligence, extensive study, well-digested 
 arguments, and various practical conclusions, not the less valuable 
 in being as free from pedantry as they are from all bitterness, either 
 of spirit or partisanship." Eclectic Review. 
 
 Causes and Remedies of Poverty, 1852, p. 8vo. 
 
 Ekins, Charles, Rear-Admiral. Naval Battles, 1744- 
 1814, Reviewed and Illustrated, 1824, 4to. 
 
 Ekins, Jeffrey, d. 1791, Dean of Carlisle. The Loves 
 of Medea and Jason, from Apollonius Rhodius, Lon., 
 1771, 4to. 
 
 Eland, Wm. Tutor to Astrology, Ac., Lon., 1694, 
 12mo. Tutor to Astrology, by G. Parker, 1704, 12mo. 
 
 Elhorough, Robert. Fast Serm., 1660, 4to. 
 
 Elborough, Thomas. Discourses, 1663, Svo j 1673, 
 I2mo. 
 
 Elborow, John. Serm., Lon., 1637, 4to. 
 
 Elbridge, T. R. Dearness of Corn, Ac.,Lon.,1772,4to. 
 
 Elchies, Lord. Decisions Ct. of Session, 1732-1754; 
 edited from the orig. MSS. by W. M. Morison, Edin., 1813, 
 2 vols. 4to. Annotations on Lord Stair's Institutions of 
 the Law of Scotland, 1824, 4to. 
 
 Elcock, Ephraim. On a Plea for Nonscribers. 
 1651, 4to. 
 
 ELI 
 
 Elder. Dumourier on Bonaparte, Lon., 1807. 
 Elder, John. Letter relative to Philip and Mary, 
 (1555,) 16mo. 
 
 Elder, William, M.D., b. 1809, at Somerset, Penna., 
 a resident of Philadelphia. 1. Periscopics : a Volume of 
 Miscellanies, N. York, 1854, 12mo ; new ed., with Addi 
 tions, <fec., entitled The Enchanted Beauty, N. York, 1855, 
 12mo. 2. Life of Dr. E. K. Kane, Phila., 1857, Svo : see 
 KANE, E. K. 
 
 Elderfield, Chris., d. 1652, Rector of Burton, Sus 
 sex. Civil Right of Tythes, Lon., 1650, 4to; 1654. Re 
 generation, Ac., 1653, 4to. 
 
 Elderton, Wm. A new merry newes, Lon., 1 606, Svo. 
 A Ballad against Marriage, sine anno. Respecting Elder- 
 ton "a ballad-maker by profession, and drunkard by 
 habit" see Ritson's Bibl. Poet. ; Herbert's Ames ; War- 
 ton's Eng. Poet.; Evans's Old Ballads; Harleian Misc., 
 vol. x. 
 
 Eldon, Dr. Abraham, a nom de plume. The Con 
 tinental Traveller's Oracle ; or, New Maxims for Locomo 
 tion, 2 vols. 
 
 " He is an acute observer of human nature, and has seen very 
 much of society both at home and abroad." Lon. Lit. Gaz. 
 
 Eldred, Wm. ' The Gunner's Glasse: set forth by 
 Way of Dialogue, Lon., 1646, 4to. 
 
 Eldridge, F. C. N. Hist, of Norwich, Norw., (1738,) 
 Svo. 
 
 Ele, Martin. Making Pitch, Phil. Trans., 1697. 
 Elemy, Wm. The Sinner's Thundering Warning 
 Piece; an account of a great storm, Lon., Svo. 
 Eley, E. S. Visits of Mercy, 1813, 12mo. 
 Elford, Walter. Complaint agst. Sir S. Crow,1649,4to. 
 Elgan, T. The Fallen Farm-house, 1796. 
 Elgin, Thomas Bruce, Earl of, 1771-1840. Mem. 
 on the subject of his Pursuits in Greece, Edin., 1810, 4to ; 
 Lon., 1811, Svo. For other publications on this subject, 
 see Lowndes's Bibl. Man. His lordship expended 74,000 
 in the purchase and removal of his vast collection of Gre 
 cian antiquities. They were bought by government for 
 35,000. So that the charge of " mercantile spirit" lavished 
 upon his lordship seems rather out of place. 
 
 Eliazar, Bar Isajah, a converted Jew. A Vindica 
 tion of the Christian Messiah, Lon., 1653, 4to. 
 
 Elibank, Lord. Considerations on the Present State 
 of the Peerage of Scotland, Lon., 1771, Svo. 
 
 Elibank, Patrick, fifth Lord. Essays on the Public 
 Debt, or Paper Money, and on Frugality, Edin., 1753, Svo. 
 See Dr. Wallace's Characteristics of the Present State of 
 Great Britain, Lon., 1758, Svo. 
 
 Eliot, Andrew, D.D., 1719F-1778, a minister in Bos 
 ton. Occasional Serms., 1742, '44, '50, '54, '59, '66, J 71, '73. 
 Dudleian Lecture, 1771. 20 Serms., 1774, Svo. 
 
 Eliot, Archdeacon Edward. Discourses on Chris 
 tian Responsibilities, Lon., 12mo. Lectures on Chris 
 tianity and Slavery, preached at Barbadoes Cathedral, 
 1833, 12mo. 
 
 " Written in Archdeacon Eliot's most impressive style. It may 
 indeed be said to breathe the pure spirit of apostolical Christianity." 
 Lon. Chris. Rememb. 
 
 Eliot, Francis Perceval. Armed Yeomanry, 1794, 
 Svo. Paper Currency, 1811, Svo. Financial Remarks, 
 1809, Svo. 
 
 Eliot, Jared, 1685-1736, a minister at Killingworth, 
 Connecticut, was a grandson of John Eliot, " The Apostle 
 of the N. Amer. Indians." He was skilled in agriculture 
 and physic. Agricult. Essays; several edits. Religion 
 supported by Reason and Revelation, 1735. Election Serm., 
 1738. Serm. on the taking of Louisbourg, 1745. 
 
 Eliot, John. Ortho-Epia-Gallica : Eliot's Fruits for 
 the French, Lon., 1593, 4to. 
 
 Eliot, John. Poems, Lon., 1658, sm. Svo; anon. The 
 name of John Eliot appears at the end of a poem at p. 34 
 of the above volume. 
 
 " Composed by nobody knows whom, and are to be had everybody 
 knows where, and for somebody knows what." 
 
 Eliot, John, 1604-1690, a minister of Roxbury, Mass., 
 usually called " The Apostle of the N. Amer. Indians," was 
 a nati ve of Nasing, Essex, England, and emigrated to Bos 
 ton, N. England, in 1631. He acquired the language of 
 the Indians, and engaged with great zeal in the work of 
 their conversion to Christianity, in which he was eminently 
 successful. In 1661 he pub. his trans, of the New Testa 
 ment into the Indian tongue; 2d edit., 1680; and in 1663 
 appeared the trans, of the whole Bible in 4to, entitled Ma- 
 musse Wunneetupamatamwe Up-Biblum God naneeswe 
 Nukkone Testament kah wonk Wusku Testament. A 2d 
 edit, was pub. in 1685, 4to, revised by Mr. Cotton; both 
 were printed at Cambridge, N. England. 
 
ELI 
 
 ELL 
 
 " This version has now become a literary curiosity, there being 
 scarcely any person living who can read or understand a single 
 verse in it." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 If this declaration offend the philological vanity of any 
 of our readers, we give them an opportunity of testing 
 their skill by asking a translation of the shortest verse 
 before us : 
 
 <; Nummeetsuongash asekesukokish assmatinean yeuyeu ke- 
 sukod." 
 
 The longest word used in the Bible is in St. Mark i. 40 
 
 Wutappesittukqussunnookwehtunkquoh 
 "kneeling down to him." We presume that these speci 
 mens will be enough for the general reader: philologists 
 are referred to Eliot's Indian Bible, 1664, 4to. New ed., 
 with Notes, by P. S. Du Ponceau, and Introduction, by J. 
 Pickering, Boston, 1822, 8vo. For the other publications 
 of this excellent and devoted man, and particulars of his 
 life, we must refer the reader to Mather's Magnalia ; Eliot's 
 Life and Death ; Neal's N. E. ; Mass. Hist. Coll. ; Douglas ; 
 Hutchinson ; Holmes ; Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. ; Life by 
 Convers Francis, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 1st ser., v. i. 
 
 The excellent Cotton Mather waxes warm when he takes 
 up his fruitful pen to depict the virtues of John Eliot : 
 
 "Having implored the assistance and acceptance of that God 
 whose blessed word has told us, ' The righteous shall be had in 
 everlasting remembrance,' I am attempting to write the life of a 
 righteous person, concerning whom all things but the meanness 
 of the writer invite the reader to expect nothing save what is truly 
 extraordinary. It is the life of one who has better and greater 
 things to be affirmed of him, than could ever be reported concern 
 ing any of_those famous men which have been celebrated by the 
 , Laertius, an Eunapius. or in any Pa 
 
 gan histories. It is the life of one whose character might very 
 agreeably be looked for among the collections of a Dorotheus, or 
 the orations of a Nazianzen; or is worthy at least of nothing less 
 than the exquisite stile of a Melchior Adam to eternize it." Ubi 
 supra. 
 
 " The Apostle and truly I know not who since Peter and Paul 
 better deserves that name." Oration by Htm. Edward Everett at 
 Dorchester, Mass., July 4, 1855. 
 
 Eliot, John, D.D., 1754-1813, a minister of Boston, 
 Mass., son of Andrew Eliot, D.D., was one of the founders 
 and principal contributors to the Mass. Hist. Society. Oc 
 casional Serms., 1782, '83, '94, '97, 1800, '05, Ac. Biog. 
 Diet, of eminent characters in N. England, Salem, 1809, 
 8vo. Papers in Mass. Hist. Coll., iv., vi., viii., ix., x. 
 
 Eliot, L. W. Serm., Lon., 1820, 8vo. 
 
 Eliot, Samuel, b. at Boston, Mass., 1821, educated 
 at Harvard University, and in Europe. 1. The Life and 
 Times of Savonarola. 2. The Liberty of Rome: a His 
 tory, N. York, 1849, 2 vols. 8vo ; Lon., 1849, 2 vols. 8vo, 
 and a folio vol. of illustrations. 3. The History of Liberty, 
 Bost., 1853, 4 vols. 12mo : Pt. 1. The Ancient Romans ; Pt. 
 2, (repub. Lon., 1853, 2 vols. 8vo,) The Early Christians. 
 
 " The character of this remarkable American work may be in 
 part surmised from one of the mottoes on its title-page : ' The His 
 tory of the World is one of God's own great poems.' Its aim, in 
 tracing accurately and philosophically the struggles of Rome after 
 liberty, is to show that over antiquity, as over our own times, an 
 overruling Providence prevailed, and that none can fathom the 
 truths of history but with the plummet of Revelation. It main 
 tains, and satisfactorily elucidates, the great truth of the univer 
 sality of the Divine government as the groundwork of every his 
 tory that deserves the name." PRESIDENT KING. 
 
 4. Manual of United States History, 1492-1850, 1856, 
 12mo. Articles in periodicals. 
 
 Eliot, Samuel A. Sketch of the History of Harvard 
 College, and of its Present State, Bost, 1848, 12mo. 
 
 Eliot, Thomas. See ELYOT. 
 
 Eliot, W. H., Jr. Genealogy of the Eliot Family; je- 
 vised and enlarged by W. S. Porter, N. Haven, 1854, 8vo. 
 
 Eliot, Wm. Granville. Treatise on the Defence of 
 Portugal, with a Military Map of the Country, Lon.,1811,8vo. 
 
 Eliot, Rev. Wm. G., D.D., of St. Louis, Mo. 1. Unity 
 of God, Bost., 12ino. 2. Doctrines of Christianity, 1852. 
 3. Lectures to Young Men, 1853, 16mo. 4. Lectures to 
 Young Women, 1853, 16mo. 
 
 " One of those very few books that a father may safely place in 
 the hands of his daughter." Mother's Assistant. 
 
 5. Early Religious Education Considered as the Di 
 vinely-Appointed Way to the Regenerate Life, 1855. 6. 
 A Discourse, 1855. 7. Discipline of Sorrow, 1855. 
 
 Elis, John, D.D. Defensio Fidei, Lon., 1660, 12mo. 
 
 Elis. See ELLIS. 
 
 Elitos. See ELYOT, THOMAS. 
 
 Elizabeth, Queen of England, daughter of Henry 
 VIII. and Anne Boleyn, 1533-1603, was one of the most 
 learned persons of her time, and author of sundry transla 
 tions from the Greek, Latin, and French, and some original 
 compositions. 1. The Mirrour, or the Glass of the Sinfull 
 Soul; trans, from the French when she was only eleven 
 years of age. 2. Prayers and Meditations; from the 
 
 French of Margaret of Navarre, <tc., Lon., 1548, Svo. 
 3. A Dialogue from Xenophon, between Hiero and Simon- 
 ides. 4. Two Orations from Isocrates, trans, into Latin. 
 5. Latin Oration at Cambridge. 6. Latin Oration at Ox 
 ford. 7. Comment on Plato. 8. Boethius de Consolatione 
 Philosophise, trans, into English, 1593. Trans, of Sallust's 
 Jugurthine War of Plutarch de Curiositate, Horace's Art 
 of Poetry, a Play of Euripides, &c. For other composi 
 tions of Elizabeth's, see Park's Walpole's R. and N. Au 
 thors. For publications connected with her reign and its 
 literature, and accounts of her personal and political cha 
 racter, see the Histories of England by Hume, Rapin, 
 Echard, Keightley, Lingard, and the Pictorial History, 
 Camden's Annals, Strype's Annals and Memorials, Bal- 
 lard's Memoirs, Wood's Annals, Nichols's Progresses, An- 
 drews's Contin. of Henry's Hist., Miss Strickland's Lives 
 of the Queens of England, Drake's Shaksp. and his Times, 
 Harrington's Nugae Antiquae, Hazlitt's Dramat. Lit. of the 
 Age of Elizabeth, Romantic Biog. of the Age of Elizabeth, 
 and many other works which we have no room to cite. 
 Especially should Anthony Bacon's Memoirs of Elizabeth, 
 1581-1630, be carefully perused: 
 
 ' ; From this excellent collection we are as well acquainted with 
 the Earl of Essex and the Court of Queen Elizabeth, as if we had 
 lived in it." Hardwicke's State Papers, i. 372. 
 
 " I have been informed on the best authority that Queen Eliza 
 beth exercised her poetical pen more voluminously than we have 
 hitherto known, for that there exists a manuscript volume of her 
 majesty's poems in that rich repository of state papers the Hat- 
 field Collection." Disraeli's Amenities of Literature, vol. ii. 
 
 Mr. Headly would not have esteemed this volume of her 
 majesty's poetry much of a treasure : 
 
 " As dead queens rank but with meaner mortals, we may assert, 
 without much fear of contradiction, that little else can now be 
 gratified by the perusal of Elizabeth's poetry than mere curiosity." 
 
 The Age of Elizabeth is certainly the most brilliant in 
 the literary annals of England, nor is it likely that its 
 splendour will ever be surpassed. The remarks of Mr. 
 Hazlitt in this connection deserve to be often quoted, and 
 should never be forgotten by the Christian and man of 
 letters. Referring to the intellectual activity of this age, 
 especially the many mighty names which adorn the dra 
 matic literature of the times, he remarks : 
 
 li For such an extraordinary combination and development of 
 fancy and genius many causes may be assigned, and we seek for 
 the chief of them in religion, in politics, in the circumstances of 
 the time, the recent diffusion of letters, in local situation, and in 
 the character of the men who adorned that period and availed 
 themselves so nobly of the advantages placed within their reach. 
 . . . The translation of the Bible was the chief engine in the great 
 work. It threw open, by a secret spring, the rich treasures of reli 
 gion and morality, which had been there locked up as in a shrine. 
 ... It gave them a common interest in the common cause. Their 
 hearts burnt within them as they read. It gave a mind to the 
 people, by giving them common subjects of thought and feeling. 
 It cemented their union of character and sentiment; it created 
 endless diversity and collision of opinion. They found objects to 
 employ their faculties, and a motive, in the magnitude of the con 
 sequences attached to them, to exert the utmost eagerness in the 
 pursuit of truth, and the most daring intrepidity in maintaining 
 it." Lectures on the Dramatic Lit. of the Age of Elizabeth, Lect. I. 
 
 Elizabeth, H.R.H., Princess, 3d daughter of George 
 III. 1. Cupid turned Volunteer, Lon., 1808, 4to. The 
 poetical illustrations are by Thomas Park. 2. The Power 
 and Progress of Genius, in a series of 21 Etchings, 1806, 
 fol. For private circulation only. 3. Six Poems (by Wm. 
 Coombe) illustrative of as many Engravings from designs 
 by H.R.H., 1813, 4to. 
 
 Elizabeth, Charlotte. See TONNA, MRS. 
 
 Elkes, Richard. Medicine for Soldiers, Lon., 1843. 
 
 Elkin, Benj. Lett, to Editor of The Voice of Jacob, 
 rel. to the Mishna, Lon., 1843. 
 
 Elking, Henry. Interest of G. Brit, considered, Lon., 
 1723, 8vo. Greenland Trade and Whale-Fishery, 1722, Svo. 
 
 " This valuable tract embodies, within a short compass, a great 
 deal of information respecting the early history of the whale-fish 
 ery." McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Earn. 
 
 Elkington, Joseph. See JOHNSTONE, JOHN. 
 
 Ellaby,Francis. Church of the Lord,Lon.,1838,12mo. 
 
 Ellaby, James, and A. S. Thelwall. Anti-Mam 
 mon, or an Exposure of the Unscriptural Statements of 
 Mammon, (by Rev. John Harris,) 3d edit., Lon., 1837, cr. 
 Svo. See HARRIS, JOHN. 
 
 Ellesby, James. Serm., 1684, 4to; do., 1694, 4to. 
 
 Ellesmere, Countess of. See EGKRTON, LADY 
 FRANCES. 
 
 Ellesmere, Earl of. See EGERTON, FRANCIS. 
 
 Ellesmere, Baron. See EGERTON, THOMAS. 
 
 Ellet, Charles, Jr. The Mississippi and Ohio Ri 
 vers, Phila., 1853, Svo. 
 
 Ellet, Elizabeth F., a daughter of Wm. A. Lummis, 
 M.D., and wife of Wm. H. Ellet, M.D., late Professor of 
 
ELL 
 
 ELL 
 
 Chemistry in Columbia College, New York City, and in the 
 College at Columbia, S. Carolina, is a native of Sodus, New 
 York. Her first publication, a poem in the American La 
 dies' Magazine, Boston, appeared in 1833, and a trans, of 
 Silvio Pcllico's Euphemia of Messina, in 1834; since which 
 she has been one of the most voluminous, and certainly 
 one of the most popular, writers of America. We give a 
 list of her works: 1. Poems, Original and Selected, 1835, 
 12mo. 2. Teresa Contarini; a Tragedy acted in 1835. 
 
 3. Scenes in the Life of Joanna of Sicily, 1840, 12mo. 
 
 4. The Characters of Schiller, 1841, 12mo. 5. Rambles 
 about the Country, 18mo. 6. Evenings at Woodlawn, 
 12uio. 7. The Women of the American Revolution, 1848, 
 Ac., 3 vols. 12mo. 8. Family Pictures from the Bible, 
 
 1849, 12mo. 9. The Domestic History of the American 
 Revolution, 1850, 12mo. 10. Watching Spirits, 1851, 8vo. 
 11. Scripture Gift Book, 8vo. 12. Pioneer Women of the 
 West, 1852, 12mo. 13. Nouvellettes of the Musicians, 
 1852, 12mo. 14. Summer Rambles in the West, 1853, 
 12mo. Mrs. Ellet has contributed many articles to the 
 North American, the American Quarterly, and the South 
 ern Quarterly, Reviews. For critical notices of her writ 
 ings, we must refer the reader to Griswold's Female Poets 
 of America, Mrs. Hale's Woman's Record, Hart's Female 
 Prose Writers of America, and the Southern Literary Mes 
 senger, ii. 116. 
 
 An English periodical of high authority and most vigor 
 ous tone of criticism acknowledges that 
 
 "In treating the Women of the Revolution, Mrs. Ellet is fair 
 and honest ; . . . and the illustrations which might be drawn from 
 a book like this, contain a lesson neither ephemeral in value nor 
 limited in its application." Lon. Athenaium. 
 
 Ellia, Felix. Norman Banditti, or the Fortress of 
 Constance j a Tale, Lon., 1799, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Ellicott, Andrew, 1759-1820, Prof, of Mathemat. at 
 West Point, N. York; Commissioner of the U. States. His 
 Journal : rel. to Boundary between U. States and Spain, 
 Phila., 1803, 4to. Astronom., <fec. con. to Trans. Amer. Soc., 
 1793, '99, 1802. 
 
 Ellicott, C. J. Hist, and Obligation of the Sabbath : 
 Hulsean Lecture, Lon., 1844, 8vo. 
 
 Ellicott, John. Electricity, Lon., 1748, 4to. Clocks, 
 1753, &c., 4to. Metals, Diamonds, Electricity, Clocks; 
 see Phil. Trans., 1736, '45, '51. 
 
 Ellington, Edward. Serm., Lon., 1771, 8vo. 
 
 Elliot. Essays upon the Husbandry of New England, 
 Lon., 1764, 4to. 
 
 Elliot and Strobel. A Digest of the Militia Law 
 of South Carolina, Charleston, 1834, 8vo. 
 
 Elliot, Miss. Fancy's Wreath; a collec. of Fables 
 and Allegorical Tales in Prose and Verse, 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Elliot, Adam. Vindic. of T. Gates, Lon., 1682, fol. 
 
 Elliot, Adam. Travels, &c. in Fez. 
 
 Elliot, Charles, D.D., b. 1792, in the county of Do 
 negal, Ireland. Indian Missionary Reminiscences, N. York, 
 ISmo. Delineation of Roman Catholicism, N. York, 2 vols. 
 8vo; 3d ed., Lon., 1851, imp. 8vo. This distinguished Me 
 thodist divine has also pub. an Essay on Baptism, (1834,) 
 a life of Rev. Mr. Roberts, and a work on Slavery. 
 
 Elliot, Charles H. The Republican, in a Series of 
 Strictures on T. Paine's Rights of Man, Lon., 1791, 8vo. 
 
 Elliot, E. Paraphrase of Job, 1792, 12mo. 
 
 Elliot, George. Life of the Duke of Wellington, 
 Lon., 1815, 8vo. A Narrative of his Life, 8vo. , 
 
 Elliot, Sir Gilbert, d. 1777, distinguished as a par 
 liamentary speaker, and father of the first Earl of Minto, 
 wrote " the beautiful pastoral song" (Sir Walter Scott) be 
 ginning with the lines 
 
 " My sheep I neglected, I broke my sheep-hook, 
 And all the gay haunts of my youth I forsook." 
 
 Elliot, Gilbert, D.D., Dean of Bristol. Serms., Lon., 
 
 1850, 8vo. Speech, Bristol, 1850, 12mo. Letter, 1851, 12mo. 
 Elliot, James, is well known as the author of several 
 
 valuable works on Geometry, Mensuration, Trigonometry, 
 Algebra, Ac., Lon., 1845-51. 
 
 " These books [on Geometry and Mensuration] are the work of a 
 man who is both an able practical Mathematician, and an expe 
 rienced Teacher." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 Elliot, Miss Jane, sister to Sir Gilbert Elliot, of 
 Minto, gained considerable reputation by her song entitled 
 " Flowers of the Forest" a dirge for the slain at Flodden 
 Field. It has been placed in competition with Mrs. Cathe 
 rine Cockburn's song of the same title. 
 
 Elliot, Sir John. Speech, Lon., 1641, 4to. Argts. 
 upon the Writ of Habeas Corpus contg. Loans in the K. B. 
 
 Elliot, or Elliott, John, M.D., d. 1786. Works on 
 medicine, physiology, and nat. philos., Lon., 1780-87. 
 
 Elliot, R., d. 1788, formerly of Bene't Coll., Camb., 
 
 was a native of Kingsbridge, Devon. Serms. and theolog. 
 treatises, 1788-1813. 
 
 Elliot, Robert. Spec, of Burnet's Hist., 1715, 8vo. 
 
 Elliot, Robert, Capt. R.N. Views in the East; from 
 Sketches by Capt. E., imp. 8vo, r. 4to, and imp. 4to. 
 
 Elliot, Samuel H., b. 1809, at Brattleborough, Ver 
 mont. 1. Rolling Bridge, Bost., 1838, 16mo. 2. Sequel 
 to No. 1, 1844, 16mo. 3. Emily Maria, N. York, 1844, 
 16mo. 4. The Parish Side, 1854, 12mo. 5. Dreams and 
 Realities, 1856, 12mo. 6. New England's Chattels, 1858, 
 12mo. Also papers in periodicals. 
 
 Elliot, Thos. Chemistry and Nat. Hist, 1784, 2 vols. 
 
 Elliotson, John, M.D., b. London, towards the close 
 of the 18th century ; Pres. Roy. Med. and Chir. Soc., Lon. ; 
 Prof. Principles and Practice of Medicine, &c. Univ. Coll., 
 Lon. ; Lecturer on the Practice of Medicine, St. Thomas's 
 Hospital, Lon. 1. Cases of the Hydrocyanic or Prussia 
 Acid, Lon., 1820, 8vo. 2. Lectures on Diseases of the 
 Heart, 1830, fol. 3. Principles and Practice of Medicine, 
 1839, 8vo; 2d ed., by Drs. N. Rogers and A. Cooper Lee, 
 1842, 8vo, pp. 1232. Amer. ed., with Notes and Additions 
 by T. Stewardson, Phila., 1844, 8vo. This valuable work 
 has been trans, into the German and other languages. 4. 
 Human Physiology, 1840, '56, 8vo. 5. Surgical Operations 
 in the Mesmeric State without Pain, 1843, 8vo. 
 
 Elliott, C. B. 1. Letters from the North of Europe, 
 Lon., 8vo. Commended by Lon. Lit. Gaz. 
 
 2. Travels in Austria, Russia, and Turkey, 1838, 2 vols. 
 
 Elliott, Charles B., Rector of Tattingstone. The 
 Vicissitudes of Life; a Serm., Godalming, 1838, 8vo. 
 
 Elliott, Ebenezer, 1781-1849, known by the title of 
 "The Corn-Law Rhymer," was a native of Masborough, 
 near Rotherham, Yorkshire. His father was a clerk in the 
 Iron-works, at a salary of 70 per annum, with which a 
 family of eight children were to be supported. Obliged to 
 commence hard labour at an early age in the foundry, there 
 seemed to be little prospect of that literary reputation which 
 the industrious operative was destined to achieve. A taste 
 for reading, however, triumphed over all obstacles, and a 
 warm admiration of poetry, especially the rural pictures 
 of Thomson, soon resulted in an attempt at imitation, which 
 was sufficiently successful to excite the astonishment of 
 several literary gentlemen, who determined that such 
 powers should not be allowed to lie dormant. His first 
 publication was the Vernal Walk, written in his 17th year. 
 He next gave to the world "Night," a portion of which is 
 repub. in his works under the title of the Legend of Wharn- 
 cliffe. This was severely handled by the Monthly Review 
 and the Monthly Magazine ; but Elliott was not easily dis 
 couraged, and again ventured before the public in a volume 
 of Poems, which was also unsuccessful. But Southey con 
 soled the author: 
 
 " There is power in the least of these tales, but the higher you 
 pitch your tone the better you succeed. Thirty years ago they 
 would have made your reputation ; thirty years hence the world will 
 wonder that they did not do so." 
 
 To this volume succeeded the Poem of Love, prefaced 
 by a savage attack upon Byron's Giaour; to which his 
 lordship deigned no reply. 
 
 Deserting the tender themes which had heretofore in 
 spired his muse, Elliott now appeared in the character of 
 the Corn-Law Rhymer. The " Corn-Law Rhymes" urg 
 ing the repeal of the duties and free trade in bread-stuffs 
 were pub. in the same vol. with The Ranter. In 1829 he 
 gave to the world " The Village Patriarch," and in 1831 
 contributed to the New Monthly Magazine a Spenserian 
 poem entitled "Byron and Napoleon, or they met in Hea 
 ven." In the same year appeared the 3d edit, of Love, 
 and the 3d edit, of Corn-Law Rhymes. The "Poet of the 
 People" had now gained sufficient reputation to justify his 
 favouring the public with a collective edit, of his poems. 
 They appeared in three vols., Lon., 12mo, 1833, '34, '35 ; 
 and in 1840 an edit, was issued in one vol. r. 8vo. For 
 further particulars respecting Elliott, see a sketch of hi3 
 life (chiefly taken from a memoir in the Sheffield and Ro 
 therham Independent) in the Gent. Mag., Feb., 1850, to 
 which we are indebted for the above facts. See also The 
 Life, Character, and Genius of Ebenezer Elliott, by J. Serle, 
 1850, 18mo, Poetry and Letters, by J. Watkins, 1850, p. 
 8vo, and More Verse and Prose, vols. i. and ii., 1850, 12mo. 
 An article on Elliott will be found in Chambers's Papers 
 for the People, and an autobiographical Memoir in the 
 London Athenaeum for Jan. 1850. By his attention to the 
 iron business, in which he was engaged, he was enabled to 
 gain a respectable compete'nce. We give extracts from the 
 opinions of several known authorities respecting the merits 
 of Elliott as a poet. The reviewer, after referring to the 
 
ELL 
 
 ELL 
 
 remarkable dearth of true poetry which distinguished the 
 day, proceeds : 
 
 "If the whole welkin hang overcast in drizzly dinginess, the 
 feeblest light-gleam or speck of blue cannot pass unheeded. The 
 Works of "this Corn-Law Rhymer we might liken rather to some 
 little fraction of a rainbow : hues of joy and harmony, painted out 
 of troublous tears. No round full bow, indeed ; gloriously span 
 ning the Heavens; shone on by the full sun; and, with seven- 
 striped, golden-crimson border (as is in some sort the office of 
 Poetry) dividing Black from Brilliant: not such; alas, still far 
 from it ! Yet, in very truth, a little prismatic blush, glowing genu 
 ine among the wet clouds; which proceeds, if you will, from a sun 
 cloud-hidden, yet indicates that a sun does shine, and above those 
 vapours, a whole azure vault and celestial firmament stretch 
 serene." THOMAS CARLYLE: Edin. Rev., Iv. 338. - 
 
 " Ebenezer Elliott (of whom more another day) claims with pride 
 to be the Poet of the Poor and the poor might well be proud, did 
 they know it, that they have such a poet. Not a few of them know 
 it now and many will know it in future ; for a muse of fire like 
 his will yet send its illumination ' into deep, dark holds.' May it 
 consume all the noxious vapours that infest such regions and 
 purify the atmosphere till the air breathed there be the breath of 
 life." PROF. WILSON: Recreations of Citrislopher North an Hour's 
 Talk about Poetry. 
 
 " His sky never shows the calm, clear, unclouded summer blue; 
 some speck on the horizon, although no bigger than a man's hand, 
 ever predicates storm ; and it is impossible to mistake Elliott's moor 
 lands for the Elysian fields. As a depicter of the phases of hu 
 manity, his portraits are almost all of one class ; and with that 
 class are identified his entire sympathies. Hence it is that he 
 seems deficient in that genial spirit which characterizes more ca 
 tholic natures ; in those expansive feelings which embrace society 
 in all its aspects ; in those touches which ' make all flesh kin.' " 
 JUoir's Poet. Lit. of the Past Half Century. 
 
 " The inspiration of his verse is a fiery hatred of injustice. With 
 out possessing much creative power, he almost places himself be 
 side men of genius by the singular intensity and might of his 
 sensibility. He understands very well the art of condensing pas 
 sion. ' Spread out the thunder,' says Schiller, ' into its single tones, 
 and it becomes a lullaby for children ; pour it forth together, in one 
 quick peal, and the royal sound shall move the heavens.' The 
 great ambition of Elliott is to thunder. He is a brawny man, of 
 nature's own make, with more than the usual portion of the an 
 cient Adam stirring within him ; and he says, ' I do well to be an 
 gry.' The mere sight of tyranny, bigotry, meanness, prompts his 
 smiting invective. His poetry could hardly have been written by 
 a man who was not physically strong. You can hear the ring of 
 his anvil, and see the sparks fly off from his furnace, as you read 
 his verse." EDWIN P. WHIPPLE : Essays and Reviews Eng. Poets 
 of the Nineteenth Century. 
 
 "I am quite willing to hazard any critical credit, by avowing 
 my persuasion, that in originality, power, and even beauty, when 
 he chose to be beautiful, he might have measured heads beside 
 Byron in tremendous energy, Crabbe in graphic description, and 
 Coleridge in effusions of domestic tenderness; while in intense 
 sympathy with the poor, in whatever he deemed their wrongs or 
 their sufferings, he excelled them all and perhaps everybody else 
 among contemporaries, in prose or verse. He was, in a transcend 
 ental sense, the poet of the poor, whom, if not always wisely, I at 
 least dare not say, he loved too well. His personal character, his 
 fortunes, and his genius, would require, and they deserve, a full in 
 vestigation, as furnishing an extraordinary study of human na 
 ture." JAMES MONTGOMERY : reference to Memoir above. See also 
 Allan Cunningham's Biog. and Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of the last 
 Fifty Years. 
 
 Elliott, Edward B., Preb. of Heytesbury. 1. Horse 
 Apocalyptic*, 4th ed., Lon., 1851, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "An exceedingly valuable work." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 2. Reply to T. K. Arnold, 1845, 8vo. 3. Reply to Dr. 
 Candlish, 1847, 8vo. 4. Vindicise Horarise. Letters to 
 Dr. Keith, 1848, Svo. 
 
 Elliott, Frank R., b. 1817, atGuilford, Connecticut. 
 American Fruit-Grower's Guide, N. York, 1854, 12mo. 
 Contributions to various agricult. and horticult. journals 
 of the U. States. 
 
 Elliott, George Percy. Qualifications, Ac. of Par 
 liamentary Electors in Eng. and Wales, 2d ed., Lon., 1843. 
 12mo. 
 
 Elliott, H. M. Bibliographical Index to Mohammedan 
 History, vol. i., Lon., 1849, 8vo. 
 
 Elliott, Henry Venn. Serm. on the death of the 
 
 ^'i H - enry Mortlock >with a brief Memoir,Lon.,1837,12mo. 
 
 Elliott, Jonathan. The American Diplomatic Code, 
 with Treaties, Ac., 1778-1834, Wash., 1834, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 'It appears to me to be a very valuable work for all persons who 
 desire to have a knowledge of our Diplomatic History, of our Trea 
 ties, and of the general principles of Public Law applicable to our 
 Foreign Relations It seems to me, also, almost indispensable for 
 
 S?^^^ 
 
 Debates in the Several State Conventions on the Adop 
 tion of the Federal Constitution ; 2d ed., 1836, 4 vols 8vo 
 Supplement, (vol. v.,) 1843, Svo; new ed., revised, Phila.! 
 1858, 5 vols. ovo. 
 
 Elliott, Mary. Tales for Boys, 1839, 18mo for Girls 
 1845, 18mo; of Truth, 1840, l^mo; for the Young 1852 
 18mo ; for Young People, new edit., 1852, 18mo. Other 
 works for the young. 
 
 Elliott, Stephen, LL.D., 1771-1830, Professor of 
 Botany in the Medical College of S.C., was a native of 
 Beaufort, S.C. He was one of the principal conductors of 
 the Southern Review, and an accomplished scholar. Sketch 
 of the Botany of S. Carolina and Georgia, Charleston, S.C., 
 1821, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Elliott, Stephen, Jr., D.D., b. 1806, at Beaufort, S.C., 
 formerly Prof, of Sacred Literature in the S.C. College, was 
 ordained deacon in 1835 and priest in '36 ; consecrated 
 Bishop of Georgia in 1841. Sermons, Ac. 
 
 Elliott, William, b. 1788, at Beaufort, S.C., a nephew 
 of Stephen Elliott, LL.D. 1. Address before the St. Paul's 
 Agricultural Society, Charleston, 1850. 2. Fiesco; a 
 Tragedy, printed for the Author, N.Y., 1850, 12mo. 3. 
 Carolina Sports by Land and Water, Charleston, 1856, 
 12mo. See Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. 
 
 Ellis. New Britain; a Narrative of a Journey to a 
 country in the Plain of the Missouri, Lon., 1820, 8vo. 
 
 "A work of fiction, descriptive of a Utopian state of society." 
 
 Ellis. The Clergyman's Assistant ; new ed., Oxf., 1828, 
 Svo. A useful work on the legal and ecclesiastical rights, 
 duties, and liabilities of the clergy. 
 
 Ellis, Dr. Summary of the Roman Law, taken from 
 Dr. Taylor's Elements of the Civil Law, Lon., 1772, Svo. 
 
 Ellis, Benjamin, M.D. The Medical Formulary. 
 Corrected and extended by S. G. Morton, M.D., Phila., 
 1849, Svo; 10th ed., revised and enlarged to 1S54, by Ro 
 bert P. Thomas, M.D., Prof, of Materia Medica in the Phil. 
 Coll. of Pharmacy, 1854, Svo. 
 
 "Particularly useful to students and young practitioners." 
 Charleston Med. Jour, and Rev. 
 
 Ellis, Rev. Charles. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1703: 
 on Printing ; boy with letters in his eye, Ac. 
 
 Ellis, Charles. 1. Pleadings in Suits for Tithes in 
 ! -Equity, Ac., Lon., 1821, Svo. 2. Law of Debtor and Credi 
 tor, 1822, r. Svo. 3. Law of Fire and Life Insurance and 
 Annuities, 1832, Svo; 2d ed., 1846. 
 
 Ellis, Charles Thomas. 1. Solicitor's Instructor 
 | in Parliament, Lon., 1799, Svo. 2. Practical Remarks and 
 : Prac. of Proceed, in Parl. on Private Bills, 1810, Svo; 
 App., 1811. 
 
 Ellis, Clement, 1630-1700, Preb. of Southwell, 1693. 
 
 Poem, Oxf., 1658. Poem, Lori., 1660, fol. He pub. a num- 
 
 j ber of serms. and theolog. treatises, 1661-1700, and some 
 
 i were pub. after his death. Discourse on the Parables, with 
 
 ! an Account of his Life and Writings, 1704, Svo. The Scrip- 
 
 ! ture Catechist, being a full Expl. of the Ch. Catechism, 
 
 1738, Svo. 
 
 " His writings in practical theology are distinguished for eminent 
 and fervent piety, soundness of doctrine, and a vigorous, unaffected, 
 j manly style." See Athen. Oxon. ; Words worth's Eccles. Biog.; Chal- 
 I mers's Biog. Diet.; Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 Ellis, Daniel. Inquiry into the Changes induced in 
 Atmospheric Air by the Germination of Seeds, the Vege 
 tation of Plants, and the Respiration of Animals, Edin., 
 1807, Svo. Further Inquiries, Ac., 1811, Svo. This is a 
 valuable work upon a very important subject. 
 
 Ellis, Dom. Serin., Lon., 1685, '86, 4to. 
 
 Ellis, Elis, or Elys, Edmund. Dia Poemata, Lon., 
 1655, 12mo. Divine Poems, Oxon., 1658, Svo. Exclama 
 tion agst. an Apology for Cowley's verses, Lon., 1670, 4to. 
 Omnis qui audiunt Evangelium, Ac., 1677, Svo. For an 
 account of this divine and his numerous publications, see 
 Wood's Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Ellis, Edward. A Sudden and Cloudy Messenger, 
 Lon., 1649, 4to. 
 
 Ellis, George, 1745-1815, was a contributor to The 
 Rolliad, and the Probationary Odes, in which Mr. Pitt met 
 with no mercy. 1. Memoir of a Map of the Countries be 
 tween the Black Sea and the Caspian, Ac., Lon., 1788, 4to; 
 anon. 2. Fabliaux trans, from Le Grand by G. L. Way, 
 with Pref. Notes, and App. by G. Ellis, 1796-1800, 2 vols. 
 Svo. 3. Specimens of the Early English Poets, 1790, Svo ; 
 1801, '03, 3 vols. Svo; 4th ed., 1811, 3 vols. Svo; 5th ed., 
 I 1845, 3 vols. fp. Svo ; 1851. This is a work of consider 
 able value, and should be in all good libraries. It elicited 
 j Southey's Specimens of the Later English Poets. See 
 j Southey's Life and Correspondence. Ellis's Specimens of 
 the Early English Poets is noticed by an eminent critic, as 
 
 "In some respects a judicious and entertaining miscellany, ar 
 ranged in chronological order; hut the mutilation of several of the 
 poems at the mercy of the editor, with only a general acknowledg 
 ment in the preface, seems very reprehensible." SIR S. K. BRYDGF.S : 
 Pref. to his ed. of PhiUips's T/ieat. Poet. Anglic. 
 
 4. Specimens of Early English Romances in Metre, 1805, 
 
 3 vols. Svo ; 2d ed., 1811, 3 vols. cr. Svo. New ed., revised 
 
 by J. 0. Halliwell, Esq., F.R.S., 1848, sm. Svo. An excel- 
 
 j lent work. Sir Walter Scott addressed to Ellis the 5th 
 
 1 canto of Marmion. 
 
ELL 
 
 " George Ellis was the first converser I ever saw. His patience 
 and good breeding made me often ashamed of myself, going off at 
 score upon some favourite topic." Sir Walter Scott's Diary. 
 
 Ellis, Rev. George E., b. 1815, Boston. To this 
 gentleman we are indebted for three of the Lives in the 
 Second Series of Sparks's American Biography, viz. : 1. 
 John Mason, iii. 307 ; 2. Anne Hutchinson, vi. 167 ; 3. 
 William Penn, xii. 193. Contrib. to the N. Amer. Rev. 
 
 Ellis, George James Welbore Agar, Baron 
 Dover, 1797-1833, was in 1832 elected President of the 
 Royal Society of Literature. 1. The True History of the 
 State Prisoner, commonly called " The Iron Mask," ex 
 tracted from Documents in the French Archives, Lon., 
 1826, 8vo. 2. Cat. of the Principal Pictures in Flanders 
 and Holland, 1822, '26, 8vo. Privately printed. 3. His 
 torical Inquiries respecting the Character of Edward Hyde, 
 Earl of Clarendon, 1827, cr. 8vo. 4. The Ellis Corre 
 spondence, illustrative of the Revolution of 1688, 1828, 
 
 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " This collection refers to times in the account of which the very 
 spirit of our history is concentrated. The more we have of such 
 works, the better will history be studied, the more perfectly will it 
 be known." Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 5. Life of Fred, the Second, K. of Prussia, 1831, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 " A most delightful and comprehensive work, judicious in se- 
 lection, intelligent in arrangement, and graceful in style." Lon. 
 Lit. Gaz. 
 
 Lord Dover also edited the Letters of Horace Walpole 
 to Sir Horace Mann, and left in MSS., written for the in 
 struction of his son, a vol. entitled Lives of the Most Emi 
 nent Sovereigns of Modern Europe, the 4th ed. of which 
 was pub. in 1853, 12mo. Lord Dover was a contributor to 
 the Edinburgh and Lon. Quarterly Reviews and other 
 periodicals. 
 
 Ellis, George Viner, of University Coll., London. 
 Demonstrations of Anatomy ; being a Guide to the Dissec 
 tion of the Human Body, Lon., 1841, p. 8vo ; 2d ed., 1848 ; 
 3d ed., 1852; 4th ed., 1856, p. 8vo. 
 
 " We are convinced that it will quickly become the general text 
 book of every working student in anatomy." Brit, and For. Med 
 Rev.. Jan. 1841. 
 
 Ellis, H. The Rhyme-Book, Lon., 1851, r. 8vo. One 
 of the many works elicited by the Great Exhibition in 
 London in 1851. 
 
 Ellis, Henry, Governor of Georgia. A Voyage to 
 Hudson's Bay in 1746, '47, for discovering a N. West Pass 
 age, Lon., 1848, 8vo. 
 
 "Some important facts and remarks relating to Hudson's Bay 
 are given in this Voyage." Stevenson's Voyages and Travels. 
 
 Considerations, Ac. rel. to the N. West Passage, 1750, 4to. 
 Dr. Kale's Ventilators, Ac.; Phil. Trans., 1751. Heat of 
 the Weather in Georgia; ib., 1758. 
 
 Ellis, Sir Henry, K.C.B., d. 1855. Journal of the 
 Proceedings of the Late Embassy [Lord Amherst's] to 
 China, Lon., 1817, 4to ; 1818, 2 vols. Svo. An interest 
 ing and valuable work. See ABEL, CLARK, M.D. ; Lon. 
 Gent. Mag., Dec. 1855. 
 
 Ellis, Sir Henry, K.H., b. 1777, Principal Librarian 
 of the British Museum 1827-56, and Librarian since 
 1805. 1. Hist, and Antiq. of the Parish of St. Leonard 
 Shoreditch, and Liberty of Norton Falgate, in the Suburbs 
 of London, Lon., 1798, 4to. 2. The New Channel of Eng 
 land and France, by Robert Fabian ; from Pynson's ed. of 
 1516, collated with subsequent eds., &c. and including the 
 Different Continuations ; with a Biographical Preface, 1811, 
 r. 4to. 3. The Channels of John Hardyng ; with a Con 
 tinuation by Richard Grafton. To which are added a 
 Preface and Introduction, 1812, 4to. 4. Brand's Popular 
 Antiquities, revised, with various Addits., 1813, 2 vols. 4to ; 
 new ed., 1842, 3 vols. 12mo; 1849, 3 vols. 12mo. An in 
 teresting and valuable work, the foundation of which was 
 Henry Bourne's Antiquitates Vulgares, first pub. 1725, 8vo. 
 5. Original Letters illustrative of English History, from 
 Autographs in the British Museum and one or two other 
 collections, with Notes and Illustrations. 1st series, 1824, 
 
 3 vols. p. Svo; 2d series, 1827, 4 vols. p. Svo; 3d series, 
 1846, 4 vols. p. Svo; new ed., 1848. 
 
 "We rise from the study of these very interesting volumes with 
 renewed gratitude to the learned editor." Edin. Review. 
 
 "We have now but to say that we are delighted with these 
 volumes, and to recommend them altogether as deserving of the 
 utmost public favour for entertaining narrative for the correct 
 ness of long-received historical theories; for the development of 
 famous characters ; for the discovery of new and important facts ; 
 and, in short, for every thing that renders such a collection inte 
 resting in a country that is keenly alive to the value of such re 
 searches." on. Lit. Gaz. 
 
 To these vols. should be added Letters of the Kings of 
 England, (Rich. I. to the end of Chas. I.,) now first pub., 
 with Notes, Ac., by J. 0. Halliwell, 1846, 2 vols. p. Svo; 
 and Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies of Great Bri- 
 
 ELL 
 
 tain, now first pub., with Notes, Ac., by Mrs. Wood, 1846, 
 3 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 6. Elgin and Phigalean Marbles of the Classic Ages, 
 1847, 2 vols. 12rno. 7. Townley Gallery of Classic Sculp 
 ture, 1847, 2 vols. 12mo. To Sir Henry we are likewise 
 indebted for his labours in the preparation of the new edi 
 tion of Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum, and the History 
 of St. Paul's Cathedral, the compilation (in conjunction 
 with Mr. Baber) of the Catalogue of the Printed Books in 
 the British Museum, and contributions to Dibdin's Biblio 
 mania, the Archaeologia, and other valuable records of the 
 literature of the past ages? See Nichols's Illust. Lit. Hist., 
 viii., Indexes, 1858 ; Lon. Gent. Mag., March, 1856, 275. 
 
 Ellis, Humphrey. Two Serms., Lon., 1647, 4to. 
 Psevdo-Christus; or the impostures of Fornkelin, Ac., 
 1650, 4to. 
 
 Ellis, J. Abridgt. of Murray's Grammar, Lon. 
 
 Ellis, James. Law Suits relative to Property devoted 
 to Pious Uses in Rehoboth, Warren, 1795, 12mo. 
 
 Ellis, or Elis, John, Rector of St. Mary's, Dolgelly, 
 Merionethshire, d. 1665. Comment, in Obadiam, Lon., 1641, 
 Svo. Clavis Fidei, Oxon., 1642, '43, Svo. Articulorum 
 xxxix. Ecclesiae Anglicanae defensio, Amst., 1696, 12mo. 
 
 Ellis, John, Jr. Serm., Lon., 1643, 4to. Vindiciae 
 Catholicse, 1647, 4to. Infant Baptism, 1659, Svo. Retrac 
 tions and Repentings, 1662. 
 
 Ellis, John. Collectors of Excise, 1736, Svo. 
 
 Ellis, John, D.D., Vicar of St. Catherine's, Dublin. 
 The Knowledge of Divine Things from Revelation, not 
 from Reason or Nature, Lon., 1743, Svo; 1747, '71; new 
 ed., 1811, Svo. 
 
 " A valuable Treatise, with much new and original thinking." 
 Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 "No divine (Bishop Butler, perhaps, only excepted) appears to 
 have possessed greater maturity of thought, and a richer vein of 
 original conception." Lotvndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 An Inquiry whence conieth Knowledge and Understand 
 ing to Man, 1757, Svo. Appended to last ed. of above work. 
 To the Knowledge of Divine Things was subsequently 
 added Some Considerations upon Mr. Locke's Hypothesis, 
 That the Knowledge of God is attainable by ideas of re 
 flection. 
 
 Ellis, John, 169S-1791, a literary money-scrivener, 
 memorable as the subject of great partiality upon the part 
 of Dr. Johnson, Dr. King, and Lord Orrery, was fond of 
 translating Latin into English verses, and perpetrating 
 poetical squibs and epigrams. The South Sea Dream ; a 
 Poem in Hudibrastic Verse, 1720. A trans, from the Latin 
 of The Surprise; or, the Gentleman turned Apothecary, 
 Lon., 1739, 12mo. Written originally in French prose. 
 Marston Moor; sive de obsidione praelioque Eboracensi 
 Carmen, Lib. vi., 1750, 4to. His Travesty of Maphseus 
 appeared under the following title : 
 
 " The Canto added by Maphseus 
 To Virgil's twelve books of JEneas; 
 From the original bombastic, 
 Done in English Hudibrastic, 
 With notes beneath, and Latin text 
 In every other page annexed." 1758. 
 
 Ellis always pub. anonymously. He contributed some 
 of the poems in Dodsley's collection. 
 
 " It is wonderful, sir, what is to be found in London. The most 
 literary conversation that I ever enjoyed was at the table of Jack 
 Ellis, a money-scrivener, behind the Royal Exchange, with whom 
 at one period I used to dfne generally once a week." Dr. Johnson's 
 remark to Boswett. 
 
 " I visited him [Ellis] in his ninety-third year, and found his judg 
 ment distinct and clear, and his memory, though faded so as to fail 
 him occasionally, yet, as he assured me, and I indeed perceived, 
 able to serve him very well, after a little recollection." BOSWELL. 
 
 Ellis, John, b. about 1710, d. 1776, an eminent natu 
 ralist. An Essay towards a Natural History of the Coral 
 lines, Ac., Lon., 1755, 4to. Hist. Account of Coffee, 1774, 
 4to. Mongostan and Bread Fruit, 1775, 4to. Treatise on 
 Cattle, 1776, Svo. Nat. Hist, of Zoophytes, 1786, 4to. For 
 other publications of Ellis, and his contributions to Phil. 
 Trans., 1752-76, see Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Ellis, Robert Leslie, in conjunction with James 
 Spedding and Douglas Denon Heath, commenced in 1855 
 the preparation of a new and complete edition of the Works 
 of Francis Bacon. The First Division the Philosophical 
 Works has been pub. in 5 large Svo vols. : i.-iii., 1857 ; 
 iv., v., 1858, 4 10. See SPEDDING, JAMES. 
 
 Ellis, Philip. Serms. in the "Catholick Sermons," 
 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Ellis, Sir Richard. See ELLYS. 
 
 Ellis, Robert. Laws of Customs, Lon., 1826, Svo. 
 
 Ellis, Mrs. Sarah Stickney, formerly Miss Stick- 
 ney, is one of the most voluminous and popular writers 
 of the day. Her Poetry of Life had given her considerable 
 
ELL 
 
 celebrity before her marriage, in 1837, to the Rev. William 
 Ellis, the well-known and highly-respected missionary to 
 the South Sea Islands. The works of Mrs. Ellis are so 
 numerous that we can promise, in the brief limits to which 
 we are confined, to give little more than the titles of her 
 excellent productions. 1. The Poetry of Life, 2 vols. p. 
 8vo. 2. Conversations on Human Nature, 12mo. 3. Home, 
 or, The Iron Rule, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 4. Women of England, 
 1838, p. Svo; 1846. 5. Sons of the Soil; a Poem, 2d ed., 
 1840, p. Svo. 6. The Daughters of England, 1842, p. 8vo ; 
 1846. 7. The Wives of England, 1843, p. Svo; 1846. 
 8 The Mothers of England, 1843, cr. Svo; 1848. 9. Fa. 
 mily Secrets, 1841-43, 3 vols. Svo; 1846. 10. Summer 
 and Winter in the Pyrenees, 1841, p. Svo ; 1847. 11. Voice 
 from the Vintage, 1843, fp. 8vo. 12. Pictures of Private 
 Life, 1844, 3 vols. fp. Svo. 13. Young Ladies' Reader, 
 1845. fp. Svo. 14. Look to the End, or the Bennetts Abroad, 
 1845^ 2 vols. p. 8vo. 15. The Island Queen ; a Poem, 1846, 
 p. Svo. 16. Temper and Temperament, 1846, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 17. Prevention better than Cure, 1847, p. Svo; 1848. 
 
 18. Rawdon House; Hints on Formation of Character, 
 1848, p. Svo. 19. Fireside Tales. New ed., 1848, '49, 4 
 vols. p. Svo. 20. Social Distinction ; or, Hearts and Homes, 
 1848, '49, 3 vols. Svo. 21. My Brother; or, The Man of 
 Many Friends. New ed. of Mrs. Ellis's Works, 1853, &c. 
 
 With the many well-deserved encomiums before us upon 
 Mrs. Ellis's instructive volumes, we cannot but regret that 
 we can find room for only a few. 
 Notice of The Wives of England : 
 
 " It is a comfort to think that in all things we are not retrograd 
 ing. The talents which made Hannah More and Madame D'Arblay 
 the idols of the literary world in their generation, would now se 
 cure them but a slender share of homage. The cultivation of the 
 female mind has certainly advanced; and we greatly doubt if any 
 woman of the last century could have written The Wives of Eng 
 land." British Magazine. 
 
 Notice of The Daughters of England : 
 " An admirable work, full of truthful eloquence, that does Mrs. 
 Ellis infinite honour, and will be productive of great eventual 
 good. Education, taste, beauty, fashion, and the affections, form 
 themes on which Mrs. Ellis enlarges with great earnestness." 
 Court Journal. 
 
 Notices of The Women of England: 
 
 " We know no volume better calculated to exercise a powerful, 
 lasting, and beneficial influence. If we could have our own way, 
 every lamily should order a copy of The Women of England. Hus 
 bands, especially young Husbands, should buy it for their Wives ; 
 Fathers, for their Daughters; Brothers, for their Sisters." Lon. 
 Methodist Mag. 
 
 " At a time when women are becoming anxious to shine in other 
 spheres than that humble but holiest of all home, to inculcate 
 the truth that the paramount and peculiar duties of woman con 
 sist in ministering to the wants, comforts, and happiness of her 
 fellow-creatures, especially those of her own family circle, is a salu 
 tary task; this Mrs. Ellis has accomplished in a way to bring con 
 viction to the minds of mothers and daughters the teachers and 
 the taught." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 Notices of The Mothers of England: 
 "This is an appropriate and very valuable conclusion to the 
 series of works on the subject of female duties by which Mrs. Ellis 
 has pleased, and we doubt not profited, thousands of readers. Her 
 counsels command attention, not only by their practical sagacious 
 usefulness, but also by the meek and modest spirit in which they 
 are communicated. 
 
 Notice of Pretension; series 3d of Pictures of Private 
 
 Life: 
 
 " The aim of the writer is evidently to instruct as well as amuse, 
 by offering these admirable sketches as beacons to warn the young, 
 especially of her own sex, against the errors which have shipwrecked 
 the happiness of so many." Lon. Gentleman's Magazine. 
 
 Notice of Look to the End : 
 
 " In the present work her lessons are more descriptive and va 
 rious, and consequently it possesses more elements for popularity 
 than its predecessors, popular as they have been and are." ion 
 Literary Gazette.. 
 
 What higher praise could any author covet than the fol 
 lowing commendations from eminent authorities? 
 
 " We can conscientiously aver, that no works within our know 
 ledge are equally calculated to interest by their cheerful, pleasanl 
 composition, and to instruct by their sagacious, honest counsels, 
 those for whom they are designed. To ' write no line which dying 
 one would wish to blot,' when addressing one's self to subjects so 
 full of all that is delicate in human motives and all that is power 
 ful in human influence, is a display of honesty and courage, as 
 well as wisdom and morality, which should be appreciated and 
 honoured : this is what Mrs. Ellis has done." Lon. Eclectic Review. 
 
 " Mrs. Ellis has always one end in view the moral improvement 
 and edification of her fellow-creatures ; more particularly of her 
 own sex." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 Ellis, T. F., and Adolphus, J. S. Reports of Cases 
 in Ct. of King's Bench. See BARNEWALL, R. V. 
 
 Ellis, Thomas. A true Report of Mr. Martin Fro- 
 bisher's 3d and last Voyage ; by T. E., a sailor, and one 
 of the company, Lon., 1578, 4to. 
 
 Ellis, Thomas. Traytors Unvailed, 1661, 4to. 
 Ellis, Thomas. Gardener's P. Calendar, Lon., 1776. 
 
 554 
 
 ELL 
 
 Ellis, W. Voyage of Cook and Clarke, 1776-80, with 
 
 heir discoveries, and death of Cook, Lon., 1782, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Ellis, Wm. 1. Practical Farmer, Lon., 1732, Svo. 2. 
 
 Chiltern and Vale Farming Explained, 1733, Svo. 3. New 
 
 ~xperiments in Husbandry, 1736, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. Timber 
 
 Tree Improved, 1738, 8vo. 5. Modern Husbandman, 
 
 744, Svo. 6. Country Housewife's Family Companion, 
 
 .750, Svo. 7. Complete Planter and Cyderist, 1757, 8vo. 
 
 . A Complete System of Experienced Improvements made 
 
 n sheep, grass lambs, and house lambs, <fec. This title 
 
 we take from Donaldson. He discovered the book in the 
 
 ibrary of Geo. IV., Brit. Museum. 9. Ellis's Husbandry 
 
 abridged and methodized, 1772, 2 vols. Svo : A sort of com- 
 
 )ound of the whole of Ellis's works on Agriculture. See 
 
 critical review of Ellis's works in Donaldson's Agricult. 
 
 Biog. 
 
 " Ellis was not the author of any originality on the subject of 
 agriculture, nor did he write any conception that merited that 
 appellation. But he was a large promoter of the art both by pre 
 cept and example, and consequently occupies a niche of no low 
 standing in the temple of agricultural iame." Ubi supra. 
 
 Ellis, Wm. Every Man his own Farrier, Lon., 1759, 
 Svo. 
 
 Ellis, Wm. Cure of the V. Disease, Lon., 1771, Svo. 
 Ellis, Wm. Collec. of English Exercises, Lon., 1782. 
 Ellis, Wm. A Treatise on Government, trans, from 
 ;he Greek of Aristotle, Lon., 1779, 4to. 
 
 Ellis, Wm. Campagna of London, with Hist, and 
 Topog. of the Parishes, and Biog. anecdotes, Lon., 1791- 
 93, 4to. 
 
 Ellis, William, b. 1800, in the vicinity of London, 
 an eminent writer on social science. 1. Outlines of Social 
 Economy. 2. Introduction to the Study of the Social 
 Sciences. 3. Outlines of the History and Formation of the 
 Understanding. 4. Questions and Answers Suggested by 
 a Consideration of Some of the Arrangements of Social 
 Life. 5. Progressive Lessons in Social Science. 6. Phe 
 nomena of Industrial Life ; edited by the Dean of Here 
 ford. 7. Education as a Means of Preventing Destitu 
 tion, 1851, p. Svo. For an interesting sketch of Mr. Ellis's 
 Labours in the cause of social science, see Knight's Eng. 
 Cyc. 
 
 Ellis, Rev. Wm., an eminent missionary to the South 
 Sea Islands, and the husband of MRS. SARAH STICKNEY 
 ELLIS, (v. ante.) 1. Missionary Narrative of a Tour through 
 Hawaii or Owhyhee, Lon., 1826, Svo.; 4th ed. 1827, Svo. 
 " Mr. Ellis has given us a plain, intelligent, and uncommonly 
 interesting detail. He describes well, because distinctly and un 
 affectedly. We cannot recollect that we have been more entirely 
 rivetted by the perusal of a book of Travels since we read Dr. 
 Henderson's Iceland." ion. Eclectic Review. 
 
 2. Polynesian Researches, 1829, 2 vols. Svo. ; last ed., 
 1853, 4 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " A more interesting book than this, in all its parts, we have 
 never perused, and seldom so immethodical a one." ROBERT 
 SOUTHEY, in Lon. Quar. Rev. xliii. 1, 1830. Eead this interesting 
 review. 
 
 " The simplicity of the narrative, the graphic beauty of many 
 of the descriptions, and the moral grandeur of the whole subject 
 of these volumes, are calculated to produce the most powerful and 
 salutary impression on every religious and cultivated mind." 
 Orme's Discourse on the South Sea Mission. 
 
 3. A Vindication of the South Sea Missions from the 
 Misrepresentations of Otto Von Kotzebue, with an Appen 
 dix by Wm. Ellis, 1831, Svo. 4. History of Madagascar, 
 1838, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " Here is a work as copious, as comprehensive, as minute, and, 
 as far as we can judge, as accurate, as it would be possible to pro 
 duce." Lon. Eclectic Review. 
 
 5. History of the London Missionary Society, vol. i., 1844, 
 Svo. 6. Village Lectures on Popery, 1851, fp. Svo. 
 
 " Remarkable for their simple and explanatory character. . . . 
 We commend them to readers of every grade." Lon. Eclec. Rev. 
 
 To Mr. Ellis we are also indebted for an improved ed. 
 of Stewart's Visit to the South Seas, and for an Intro 
 ductory Essay on the Policy, Religion, &c. of China, pre 
 fixed to GutzlafiTs Journal of Three Voyages along the 
 Coast of China, 3d ed., 1839, p. Svo. 
 
 Ellis, Sir Wm. C., M.D., Resident Medical Superin 
 tendent, and formerly of the Asylum at Wakefiekl. Let 
 ter to T. Thompson, M.P., on the necessity for Insane 
 Asylums, Lon., 1815, Svo. A Treatise on the Nature, 
 Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment of Insanity, with Practi 
 cal Observations on Lunatic Asylums, and a descrip. of 
 the Hanwell Asylum, Lon., 1838, Svo. 
 
 " The present volume, coming from the pen of one whose repu 
 tation in this department stands so high, will most probably be 
 sought for with avidity. It abounds in a great variety of valu 
 able information, with many particulars of great importance to 
 the treatment of insanity, and to the interests of society. We ac 
 cordingly recommend it to public attention." Lon. A/Jienceum. 
 
 "In this unpretending volume will be found a vast deal of 
 
ELL 
 
 ELP 
 
 highly important and useful practical information." Lon. Med. 
 Chir. JXcv., July, 1838. 
 
 Ellison, Cuthbert. Serm., 1748, 8vo. 
 
 Ellison, John. Serm., Newc., 1750, 4to. 
 
 Ellison, Nath., D.D., Archdeacon of Stafford. Serm., 
 1699, 4to; 1700, 8vo; 1710. 
 
 Ellison, Nath., Vicar of Bolam. Serm., 1792, 4to. 
 
 Ellison, R. Serm., 1811. 
 
 Ellison, Seacome. 1. Prison Scenes, Lon., 1838, 
 p. 8vo. 2. Baptism, 1835, 8vo; 2d ed., 1846. 3. The 
 Millennium, 1850, 12mo. 
 
 Elliston, Robert Wm., 1774-1831, a celebrated 
 English actor. The Venetian Outlaw, a Drama adapted 
 to the English Stage, 1805, 8vo. See Raymond's Memoirs 
 of R. W. Elliston, by G. Raymond, Lon., 1846, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Magnificent were thy capriccios on this globe of earth, Robert 
 William Elliston!" CHARLES LAMB. 
 
 Ellowis, or Elwes, Sir Gervase. His Speech and 
 Repentance at his Execution, Lon., 1615, 4to. 
 
 Ellsworth, Erastus W., b. 1823, Conn. Poems, 
 Hartford, 1855. 
 
 " We have rarely met so unequal a collection of poems : none, 
 indeed, rising to the highest rank, and many sinking quite below 
 notice." Putnam's JV. York Mag. 
 
 Ellsworth, Henry Wm. 1. Report on Agriculture, 
 N. York. 2. Sketches of the Upper Wabash Valley, 1838, 
 12mo. 3. American Swine Breeder, 1844, 12mo. 
 
 Ellsworth, Oliver, LL.D., Chief Justice of the U. 
 States, 1745-1807, was a native of Windsor, Conn. Speech 
 in the Convention of Connecticut in favour of the Consti 
 tution, pub. in the American Museum. 
 
 Ellwood, Thomas, 1639-1713, the friend of Milton, 
 and a zealous Quaker, was a native of Oxfordshire. 1. For 
 gery no Christianity, 1674, 12mo. 2. The Foundation of 
 Tithes Shaken, 1682; 1720, 8vo. 3. Wickham, 1690, 4to. 
 4. Sacred History; historical part of the Old and New 
 Test, digested, <fcc., 1705-09; 1794, 2 vols. fol. 5. Davideis, 
 a Sacred Poem, 1712, 12mo. 6. His Autobiography, with 
 a Supp. by J. W., 1714, 8vo; 1791, 12mo. As reader to 
 Milton, Ellwood enjoyed rare opportunities of conversing 
 with the great bard. After perusing the MS. of Paradise 
 Lost, he returned it to the author with the remark: 
 
 "Thou hast said much here of Paradise Lost, but what hast 
 thou to say to Paradise found?" 
 
 To this timely hint the world is indebted for Paradise 
 Regained. An interesting review, with copious extracts, 
 of Ellwood's Autobiography, will be found in the London 
 Retrospec. Rev., xiii. 109. Ellwood was a man of the 
 most exemplary character. 
 
 Ellyot, George. A verie true Report of the Appre 
 hension and taking of that Arche Papiste Edniond Cam 
 pion, Lon., 1581, 8vo. 
 
 Ellys, Anthony, 1693-1761, Preb.of Gloucester, 1725; 
 Bishop of St. David's, 1752. Plea for the Sacramental 
 Test, Lon., 1736, 4to; 1790, 8vo. Serms. pub. separately, 
 1749, '54, '58, '59, '67. Remarks on David Hume's Essay 
 on Miracles, 1752, 4to. Tracts on the Spiritual and Tem 
 poral Liberty of the subjects in England, 1763-65, 4to; 
 new ed., 1767, 4to. 
 
 Ellys, or Ellis, Sir Richard, d. 1742, M.P.,1715-34, 
 grandson of Hampden, was eminent for his knowledge of 
 Hebrew, Greek, and Biblical antiquities. Fortuita Sacra, 
 quibus subjicitur commentarius de Cymbalis; Rotterd., 
 1727, 8vo, anon. 
 
 " It contains illustrations of twenty-four passages of Scripture, 
 which incidentally occurred to the author, and which discover 
 very considerable critical talents and great acquaintance with the 
 languages of the Bible." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Ellys, Tobias. The Kingdom of God, Lon.,1678, 8vo. 
 
 E Hyson, Thomas. The Shepherd's Letters, Lon.. 
 1646, 4to. ' 
 
 Elmer, J. Weights and Measures, Lon., 1759. 
 
 Elmer, Joseph. Practice in Lunacy, Lon., 1844, 12mo. 
 
 Elmer, L. Q. C. A Digest of the Laws of New Jer 
 sey, Bridgeton, 1838, 8vo. 
 
 Elmes, James, Architect, b. 1782. 1. New Churches, 
 1818, 8vo. 2. Memoirs of the Life and Works of Sir Chris 
 topher Wren, Lon., 1823, 4to. 3. Improvements of Prisons. 
 4. Lectures on Architecture, 1823, 8vo. 5. School of the 
 Fine Arts, 1825, 3 vols. 8vo. 6. Genl. and Bibliog. Diet, 
 of the Fine Arts, 1826, 8vo. 8. Ecclesiastical and Civil 
 Dilapidations, Ac., 3d ed., 1829, 8vo. 7. Architectural 
 Jurisprudence, 1827, 8vo. 
 
 Elmham, Thomas de. Vitaet Gesta Henrici Quinti 
 Anglorum Regis; cum Prefatione et Notis Th. Hearne, 
 Oxon., 1727, 8vo. 
 
 Elmore, H. M. Brit. Mariner's Directory and Guide 
 to the Indian and China Seas, Lon., 1802, 4to. 
 
 Elmsley, Peter, D.D., 1773-1825, educated at West- 
 
 1 minster and Merton Coll., Oxf. ; Principal of Alban Hall 
 and Camden; Professor of History, 1823. Elmsley was 
 one of the first Greek scholars of his time. 1. Articles in 
 the Edinburgh Review, viz.: No. 4, On Heyne's Homer; 
 No. 5, On Schweighauser's Athenseus; No. 35, On Bloin- 
 field's Prometheus; No. 37, On Person's Hecuba. 2. Ar 
 ticle in the 38th No. of the Quarterly Review, on Lord 
 Clarendon's Religion and Policy. 3. The Acharnenses, 
 1809. 4. (Edipus Tyrannus, 1811. 5. Heraclidae, 1815. 
 
 6. Medea, 1818. 7. Bacchse, 1821. 8. 03dipus Coloneus, 
 1823. 
 
 "These publications established his lame throughout Europe as 
 a judicious critic and consummate master of the Greek language." 
 See Obituary Notice in Lon. Gent. Mag., April, 1825. 
 
 Robert Southey was warmly attached to Dr. Elmsley, 
 and had a high opinion of his attainments : 
 
 " The Edinburgh Reviewers I like well as companions, and think 
 little of as any thing else. Elmsley has more knowledge and a 
 rounder mind than any or all of them. I could learn more from 
 him in a day than they could all teach me in a year. . . . Elms- 
 ley, I am sorry to say, is fetter than ever he was : he is one of my 
 most intimate and valuable friends. . . . Do you remember Elms- 
 ley at Oxford the fattest under-graduate in your time and mine? 
 He is at Naples, superintending the unrolling the Herculaneum 
 manuscripts, by Davy's process, at the expense of the Prince Re 
 gent I should say of George IV. The intention is, that Elmsley 
 shall ascertain, as soon as a beginning is made of one of the rolls, 
 whether it shall be proceeded with or laid aside, in hope of finding 
 something better, till the whole have been inspected." See Sou- 
 they's Life and Correspondence. 
 
 Elphinston, Lord Balmerino. His Speech in Ct. 
 of Parl., Scotland, rel. to army ag. Irish Papists, 1641. 
 
 Elphinston,James,1721-1809,anativeof Edinburgh, 
 was for many years the head of a celebrated school at Ken 
 sington, near London. Dr. Johnson esteemed him highly, 
 and during his residence at Edinburgh he superintended 
 an edit, of The Rambler, pub. in 8 vols. 12mo. 1. A Poet. 
 Version of Racine's Redemption, 1753. 2. Fr. and Eng. 
 Languages, 1756, 2 vols. 12mo. 3. Education; a Poem, 
 1763, 8vo. 4. Apology for the Monthly Review, 1763, 8vo. 
 5. Collec. of Poems for Youth, <fcc., 1764, 8vo. 6. Eng. 
 Language, 1765, 2 vols. 12mo. Abridged, 1765, 8vo. 
 
 7. Verses, 1768, fol. 8. Poetae Sententiosi, Latini, tc., 
 1794, 12mo. Elphinston was a zealous advocate of a change 
 in orthography, which he contended should be guided by 
 the pronunciation, <fcc. He had already given some speci 
 mens of his "improvements," but in a (9) trans, of Mar 
 tial, 1782, 4to, he carried the system out to a greater extent : 
 
 " Elphinston's Martial is just come to hand. It is truly an unique. 
 The specimens formerly published did very well to laugh at; but 
 a whole quarto of nonsense and gibberish is too much. It is 
 strange that a man not wholly illiterate should have lived so long 
 in England, without learning the language." Dr. Seattle to Sir 
 Wm. Forbes. 
 
 Nothing dismayed by public ingratitude, in 1786, 2 vols. 
 8vo, Elphinston gave to the world an explanation of his 
 system, under the title of (10) Propriety ascertained in her 
 Picture. This he followed by (11) English Orthography 
 Epitomized, (12) Proprietie's Pocket Dictionary, and (13) 
 Fifty Years' Correspondence, Inglish, French, and Lattin, 
 in Proze and Verse, between Geniusses ov boath Sexes, 
 and James Elphinston, 1794, 8 vols. 12ino. An interest 
 ing memoir of this worthy man will be found in Nichols's 
 Literary Anecdotes, from the pen of one already honour 
 ably noticed in these pages. Mr. Nichols tells us 
 
 " My account of this singular but truly worthy man shall be 
 abridged from a memoir of him, which was presented to me in 
 1809 by R. C. Dallas, Esq., one of his grateful pupils." Lit. Anec., 
 iii. 30. 
 
 " From Mr. Dallas's situation as a pupil of Mr. Elphinston's, he 
 had the honour of being presented to Dr. Jortin, Dr. Franklin, of 
 Philadelphia, and Dr. Johnson ; a triumvirate not easily matched." 
 Ubi supra. 
 
 See also Forbes's Life of Beattie, and Boswell's Life of 
 Dr. Johnson. 
 
 Elphinston, James. Animadversions upon Ele 
 ments of Criticism; with an A pp. on Scotticisms, Lon., 
 1771, 8vo. 
 
 Elphinston, Wm., b. 1431 or 1437, d. 1514, Bishop 
 of Ross, trans, to Aberdeen, 1484, wrote a book of canons, 
 some lives of Scotch saints, and the history of Scotland 
 from the rise of the nation to his own time. The last is 
 now in the Fairfax MSS. in the Bodleian Library. 
 
 Elphinstone, Hon. Mountstuart. 1. An Account 
 of the Kingdom of Cabul, and its dependencies in Tartary, 
 Persia, and India, Lon., 1815, 4to; 2d ed., 1839, 2 vols. 
 8vo ; 3d ed., 1842, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " The interest and value of this work arises more from the sub 
 ject of it, than from the manner in which ic is executed; respect 
 ing such countries, however, as Cabul, and others as little known 
 and remote, we are glad of all accessions of information." Steven 
 son's Voyages and Travels. 
 
 " There are not many regions of the Globe of which the history 
 
ELR 
 
 ELT 
 
 and geography are less known than those of the country which is 
 the subject of Mr. Elphinstone's important and distinguished 
 work." Edin. Review. 
 
 " The Hon. Mr. Elphinstone's Cabul is a work which places its 
 author in the first rank of historians and travellers in the East. 
 . . . Most earnestly do I recommend the hook of Mr. Elphinstone 
 to every library of any pretension to a Collection of Voyages and 
 Travels." Dibdin's Library Companion. 
 
 "This work, of much interest on many accounts, contains the 
 description of a systematized patriarchal system, which, in history 
 at least, is carried out by division and subdivision, from the king, 
 through a variety of larger and lesser divisions, tribes, and clans, 
 to the last head of a single family, such as probably exists nowhere 
 else." Lieber's Essays on Property and Labour. 
 
 2. A History of India: the Hindoo and Mohammedan 
 Periods, 1841, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1843; 3d ed., 1848, 8vo. 
 
 "Mr. Elphinstone's work will, we trust, be eminently useful, 
 and tend to dispel much of that confusion, prejudice, and apathy j 
 which still linger in the minds even of many highly-educated per 
 sons on the subject of Ancient India." Lon. Quar. Review. 
 
 " A work of the greatest authority and learning ; one of the 
 latest and most valuable works on the Eastern Empire." T!ie late 
 Sir Robt. Peel, in the House of Commons. 
 
 Ellington, John Battersby. Confessions in Ely 
 sium; from the German of Wieland, 1803, 3 vols. 
 
 Ellington, Thomas, D.D., d. 1835, a native of Ire 
 land, obtained a scholarship in the University of Dublin, 
 1778; elected Fellow, 1781 ; first Donellan Lecturer, 1794; 
 Profess, of Mathemat., 1795; Rector of Ardtree, Tyrone, 
 1806; Provost of Trin. Coll., Dublin, 1811; Bishop of 
 Limerick, 1820; trans, to Leighlin and Ferns, 1822. 
 Serms. at the Donellan Lecture, &c., Dubl., 1796, 8vo. 
 Reflec. rel. to Dr. Milner, 1809, 8vo. The Validity of 
 English Ordination Established, 1809, 8vo. An edit, of 
 Euclid, with Notes, (new ed., 1847, fp. 8vo,) now the text 
 book in the Dublin University, and an edit, of Juvenal, 
 with Notes, critical and explanatory. 
 
 Elsam, Richard. Rural Architecture, 1803, 4to. 
 Designs for Peasant's Cottages, 1816, r. 4to. 
 
 Elsdale, Rev. Samuel. Death, Judgment, Heaven, 
 and Hell, a Poem; with Hymns and other Poems, 1812, 
 8vo; 3ded., 1813. 
 
 Else, Miss Anne. Lays of Caruth and other Poems. 
 
 Else, Joseph, Surgeon. Hydrocele, <fcc., Lon., 1770, 
 8vo. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1767. Works, with App. 
 by G. Vaux, 1782, 8vo. 
 
 Else, R. Income Act explained, 1804. 
 
 Elsley, Rev. J., Vicar of Burenston, near Bedale. 
 Annotations on the Four Gospels, Lon., 1799, 2 vols. 8vo; 
 2d ed., with Annotations on the Acts, 1812, 3 vols. 8vo; 
 3d ed., 1821, 3 vols. 8vo; 1824, 3 vols. 8vo; 6th ed., 1827, 
 3 vols. 8vo ; 7th ed., 1838, 2 vols. 8vo ; 8th ed., 1841, 2 vols. 
 8vo; 1844; 9th ed., 1844, 8vo. This excellent work was 
 pub. anonymously. It is commended by Bishops Lloyd, 
 Van Mildert, Summer, and others. 
 
 " As a compilation, it is a very respectable work, and fitted to be 
 useful to the junior students of the New Testament, or those who 
 cannot purchase many critical books." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 "Elsley is a convenient compendium for students." Bicker- 
 steWs G. S. 
 
 " Altogether we say without the smallest reserve, we never saw 
 a book more admirably adapted for the use of students, more credit 
 able to an author's sagacity, diligence, and erudition, or more 
 likely to make the investigation of the New Testament easy and 
 agreeable." British Critic. 
 
 In 1816, 2 vols. 8vo, the Rev. James Halle pub. Annota 
 tions on the Epistles, being a Continuation of Mr. Elsley's 
 Annot. on the Gospel and Acts. 
 
 Elsly, Wm., Preb. of York. Serm., 1732. 
 
 Elslyot, Thomas. The Lamb taking the Wolf, Lon., 
 1652, 8vo. The True Mariner and his Pixis Nautica, 1652, 
 8vo. 
 
 Elsmere, Sloane, D.D., Rector of Chelsea. Serms., 
 Lon., 1767, 2 vols. 8vo. Recommended by the Rev. Samuel 
 Clapham. 
 
 Elson, Jane. Romance of the Castle, 1799, 2 vols. 
 12mo. The Village Romance; a Novel, 1802, 2 vols. 
 
 Elstob. Trip to Kilkenny, Lon., 1778, 12mo. 
 
 Elstob, Elizabeth, sister of Wm. Elstob, 1683-1756, 
 was celebrated for her knowledge of the Saxon tongue. 
 1. An English Saxon Homily on St. George's Day, with a 
 modern English version and Notes, and an Appendix. The 
 same Homily in Latin by Wm. Elstob, Lon., 1709, 8vo. 
 New ed., (part of the Preface omitted,) 1839, 8vo. 2. Trans, 
 of Madame Scudery's Essay on Glory. 3. The Rudiments 
 of Grammar for the English Saxon Tongue, 1715, 4to. 
 4. Saxon Homilies, Oxf., fol. These were designed as a 
 specimen of a Saxon Homilarium, with an English trans., 
 notes, <fec. Some testimonies of a number of learned men 
 in favour of this project were pub. by Bowyer in 1713. 
 See Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes; Biog. Brit.; and Harleian 
 MSS. Mrs. Elstob was an excellent linguist 
 
 556 
 
 Elstob, Wm., 1673-1714, a native of Newcastle, edu 
 cated at Eton, and Catharine Hall, Camb., and subsequently 
 at Queen's Coll., Oxf.; Fellow of University Coll., 1696; 
 Rector of St. Swithin, and St. Mary Bothaw, London, 1702. 
 Mr. Elstob, like his sister Elizabeth, was deeply versed in 
 Saxon learning. 1. A trans, into Latin of the Saxon 
 Homily of Lupus, with Notes by Dr. Hickes, 1701. 2. Trans, 
 into English of Sir John Cheke's Latin version of Plutarch, 
 printed at the end of Strype's Life of Cheke. 3. An edit, 
 of Aschain's Latin Letters, Oxf., 1703. 4. An Essay on 
 the great Affinity and mutual Agreement between the two 
 professions of Law and Divinity, with a Preface by Dr. 
 Hickes, Lon., 8vo. 5. Serm., 1704, 4to. 6. Serm., 1704, 
 4to. 7. Homily of St. Gregory's Day, 1709, 8vo. Saxon 
 Laws, with great additions, and a new Latin version by 
 Somner, &c., begun by Elstob, and completed by David 
 Wilkins, D.D., 1721, fol. See Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes 
 and Biog. Brit. 
 
 Elstob, Wm., Rector of Sheldon. Serm., 1811, 4to. 
 
 Elstobb, W. 1. Navigation between Clayhithe and 
 Denver Sluice, Camb., 1779, 4to. 2. Hist, account of Bed 
 ford Level, Ac., Lynn, 1793, 8vo. 3. On Rivers. 
 
 Elston, J. Serm., 1681, 4to. 
 
 Elstrack, R. 28 Portraits of the Kings and Queens 
 of England. Reprinted in Martin's Chron., 1631, fol., <fcc. 
 See Bromley's Engraved British Portraits, 1793, 4to. 
 
 Elsum, John. 1. Epigram upon the Paintings of 
 Eminent Masters by J. E., Lon., 1700, 8vo. Erroneously 
 attributed to John Evelyn. 2. Art of Painting after the 
 Italian Manner, 1704, 8vo. 
 
 Elsynge, Henry, 1598-1654, Clerk of the House of 
 Commons. 1. State of the Kingdom ; probably not his. 
 2. Passing Bills in Parliament, 1656, 8vo. 3. The ancient 
 Manner and Method of holding Parliaments in England, 
 Lon., 1660, '63, '79, Svo. Best ed., with addits. from the 
 author's MS., 1767, 12mo. 4. Several Treatises of Parlia 
 ment, 1703, 12mo. 
 
 " Mr. Henry Elsynge, late clerk of the Parliament, was, in my 
 judgment, the best 1 ever knew to take the sense of the House 
 and put it in apt terms. He was an excellent scholar had the 
 Italian, French, and Latin languages a very honest and ingenious 
 man, and fitter for a much better employment than to be clerk of 
 Parliament. ... He was in great and deserved favour of the House 
 of Commons, and gave over his place because he would not meddle 
 in the trial about the king. He often invited Mr. Selden and me 
 together to his house and to dinners, where we had great cheer 
 and greater learning in excellent discourse, whereof himself bore 
 a chief part. I was the more frequent with him, being god-father 
 to one of his sons, and Mr. Selden the other god-father, which 
 brought us two the oftener together to see our god-son ; and even 
 in these I gained very much of knowledge from the most learned 
 and rational discourses of Mr. Selden." WHITELOCKE: Journal of 
 the Swedish Embassy, 1772, 2 vols. 4to, vol. ii. p. 426. 
 
 Elton, Rev. Sir Abraham. Letter to Thomas Bere, 
 occasioned by his attack on Mrs. Hannah More, Lon., 
 1800, Svo. 
 
 Elton, Charles Abraham. 1. Poems, 1804, 8vo. 
 2. Trans, into English Verse of the Remains of Hesiod, 
 1809, Svo. 
 
 "Upon the whole, we are disposed to give Mr. Elton credit for 
 considerable skill in versification. Indeed, though his translation 
 is close, sometimes too close for perspicuity, it seems at least equal 
 to the original. His blank verse, in which he excels more than in 
 the couplet, is of a good structure; bearing a general, but not ser 
 vile, resemblance to Milton, with a little cast of some of the daring 
 expletives of Cowper." Edin. Sev., xv. 109-118. 
 
 3. Tales of Romance, with other Poems, Lon., 1810, Svo. 
 4. Specimens of the Classic Poets in Chronological Series 
 from Homer to Tryphiodorus. Trans, into English verse, 
 and illustrated with Biog. and Grit. Notices, 1814, 3 vols. 
 Svo. This valuable work contains passages from 33 Greek 
 and 27 Latin poets. A beautiful edit, was pub. in Phila 
 delphia by F. Bell, 1854, 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 " His success is very unequal : many specimens are, in a high 
 degree, brilliant and spirited, Avhile others are cold, stiff, and lag 
 ging. In general, we like him better in rhyme than in blank 
 verse, though the arguments in behalf of the latter measure in 
 his Preface may show that he is of a different opinion. . . . Upon 
 the whole, these specimens do considerable credit to Mr. Elton's 
 fluency in speaking the language of poetry." Lon. Quar. Review, 
 xiii. 151-158. 
 
 Elton, Edward, Minister of St. Mary Magdalen's, 
 Berrnondsey. 1. Exposition of the Epistle to the Colos- 
 sians, in sundry Serms., Lon., 1615,4to ; 2d ed., 1620, '37,fol. 
 
 "Both these Expositions [Byfield's and Elton's] have much 
 spiritual instruction." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 2. Expos, of the 7th Chap, of the Romans, in divers 
 Serms., 1618. 4to. 
 
 " An excellent Puritan Exposition." Bicker steth's C. S. 
 
 "Elton on Colossians is a work rich in matter, dressed in the 
 plain and somewhat unpopular language of its day. . . . The work 
 on Romans is nearly on the same plan and of similar character." 
 miliams's C. P. 
 
ELT 
 
 EME 
 
 3. Expos, of 6 of the Commandments, 1619, 8vo. 4. Expos, 
 of, or Serms. on, the 8th chap, of Romans, 1623, 4to. Other 
 works. 
 
 Elton, Richard, Lt. Col. Complete Body of the 
 Military Art and Gunnery, Lon., 1650, '58, foL 
 
 Elton, Romeo, D.D., a native of Connecticut, grad. 
 at Brown University, 1812 ; Prof, of Ancient Languages in 
 same Institution from 1825 to '43, and has since resided in 
 England. Besides several published sermons, he edited 
 Callender's Century Sermon, with copious Notes and Bio 
 graphical Sketches ; The Works of President Maxcy, with 
 Memoir, N.Y., 1844, 8vo ; Biographical Sketch of Roger 
 Williams, pub. in Lon. 
 
 Eltringham, Wm. 1. The Baptist against the 
 Baptist, Lon., 1756, 8vo. 2. Remarks on The Baptists' 
 Vindic., 1757, 8vo. 
 
 Elven, J. P. Heraldry, Lon., 1815, 12mo. 
 
 Elvitlen, Edmund. The Closet of Counsells, con- 
 teining the aduice of dyuers wyse Philosophers, Lon., 
 1569, 8vo. 
 
 Elwell, Wm. Odell. New and Complete American 
 Dictionary of Eng. and German, N. York, 12mo. Highly 
 commended by competent authorities. 
 
 Elvves, Robert. A Sketcher's Tour round the World, 
 with 21 Illustrations, Lon., 1854, r. 8vo. 
 
 " Pleasanter reading, we repeat, need not be offered than our 
 Sketcher brings." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 Klu in, Fountain, Vicar of Temple, Bristol, and one 
 of the ministers of the Octagon. Serins, preached at the 
 Octagon Chapel, Bath, Lou., 1st series, 1842, 12mo; 2d 
 series, 1849, 12mo. Other theolog. works. 
 
 Ellwood, Mrs. (A. K.) Col. 1. Narrative of a Jour 
 ney Overland from England to India, <fcc., 1825-28, Lon., 
 1830, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Memoirs of the Literary Ladies of 
 England from the Commencement of the Last Century, 
 1842, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 1848. 
 
 " A work of great merit. The first biography is that of Lady 
 Mary Wortley Montagu; the last that of Mrs. Maclean, better 
 known as Miss Landon: it thus comprises our Blue Stockings 
 from the commencement of the last century down to the present. 
 Each biography is marked by good taste and excellent judgment." 
 John Butt. 
 
 Elworthy, John. Serm., Lon., 1753, 8vo. 
 
 Ely, Ezra Styles, D.D., of Philadelphia, assistant 
 editor, in conjunction with Wm. McCorkle and the Rev. 
 Gregory T. Bedell, of a Collateral Bible, or Key to the 
 Holy Scriptures, Phila., 1826-28, 3 vola. 4to. 
 
 " These volumes comprise the Old Testament. The correspond 
 ing texts are brought together in one view, and arranged in a 
 familiar and easy manner." Lowndes's Brit. Librarian. 
 
 Memoirs of his Father, the Rev. Zebulon Ely. Mental 
 Science. Visits of Mercy. Sermons on Faith. 
 
 Ely, Henry, D.D. Fast Serm., Lon., 1804. 
 
 Ely, Humphrey. Certaine briefe Notes upon a briefe 
 Apology set out under the name of the Priests united to 
 the Arch-Priest, 1603, 8vo. Written against Father Par 
 sons, or Persons, and often quoted by Wood. 
 
 Ely, John, a Dissenting minister at Rochdale. Win 
 ter Lectures ; illus. of Divine Dispensation, Lon., 1833, 8vo. 
 
 "This volume is distinguished by a character of deep and patient 
 research, and by an extraordinary force, both of sentiment and 
 style." Lon. Evangel. Mag. 
 
 Other works. See his Posthumous Works, with a Me 
 moir, by Hamilton, 1848, 8vo. 
 
 Ely, Zebulon, minister of Lebanon, Conn., d. about 
 1824. Serm. at the Election, 1804; on the death of *Gov. 
 Trumbull, 1809 ; before the County Foreign Mission So 
 ciety, 1815. His memoirs were pub. by his son, EZRA 
 STYLES ELY, q. v. 
 
 Elyot, Sir Thomas, Knt., d. 1546, educated at St 
 Mary's Hall, Oxford, was employed by Henry VIIL on 
 several embassies. He was noted for extensive and pro 
 found learning. The Governor, Lon., 1531, 8vo. Many eds. 
 
 " Sir Thomas Elyot's Governor was designed to instruct men, 
 especially great men, in good morals, and to reprove their vices." 
 STRYPE. 
 
 This book was a great favourite with Henry VIIL The 
 Castell of Health, 1534, 8vo. Many eds. Dictionarium, 
 Latin and English, 1538, fol. A Defence or Apology for 
 Good Women, 1545, 8vo. Bibliotheca Eliotse, 1541, fol. 
 We have already spoken of this work, and various editions, 
 in our article COOPER, THOMAS, q. v. Bankette of Sapience, 
 1542, 8vo. Education of Children. De Rebus Memora- 
 bilibus Anglise : 
 
 " For the completing of which he had perused many old English 
 monuments." 
 
 Other works and trans, from the Latin and Greek. See 
 Biog. Brit ; Str.ype's Eccles. Memorials ; Herbert's Ames 
 Bayle, in art. Encolpius ; Athen. Oxon. ; Brit. Bibl. 
 
 Elys, Edmund. See ELLIS. 
 
 Embury, Mrs. Emma C., a daughter of James R. 
 Manley, M.D., of New York, was married in 1828 to Mr. 
 Daniel Embury, now of Brooklyn. She has attained con 
 siderable distinction both in the walks of poetry and prose. 
 " IANTHE" was a favourite signature with magazine readers 
 long before the real name of the author was made public. 
 Many of these early compositions have since been gathered 
 and given to the world in a collective form. Mrs. Embury's 
 first volume was entitled (1) Guido and other Poems. She 
 has since pub. 2. Constance Latimer, or the Blind Girl, and 
 other Tales. 3. Pictures of Early Life. 4. Glimpses of 
 Home. 5. Nature's Gems, or American Wild Flowers; a 
 collection of Poems, 1846. 6. Love's Token-flowers; a 
 collec. of Poems. 7. The Waldorf Family, or Grandfa 
 ther's Legends; a fairy tale of Brittany, partly a trans, 
 and partly original. 
 
 " Since her marriage she has given to the public more prose than 
 verse, but the former is characterized by the same romantic spirit 
 which is the essential beauty of poetry. Many of her tales are 
 founded upon a just observation of life, although not a few are 
 equally remarkable for attractive invention. In point of style 
 they often possess the merit of graceful and pointed diction, and 
 the lessons they inculcate are invariably of a pure moral tendency." 
 Griswold's Female Poets of America. 
 
 See Hart's Female Prose-Writers of America; Mrs. Halo's 
 Woman's Record. 
 
 Emerson, Frederick, 1789-1857, a successful 
 teacher in Boston for many years, author of Emerson's 
 well-known Arithmetics. 
 
 Emerson, George Barrett, teacher and naturalist, 
 was born in 1797, at Kennebunk, then Wells, in York co., 
 Maine, graduated at Harvard Coll. in 1817, A.A.S. For 
 several years he was President of the Boston Soc'y of Nat. 
 History, and Chairman of the Commissioners for the Zoo 
 logical and Botanical Survey of Massachusetts. Mr. Emer 
 son has been a teacher in colleges, academies, and schools 
 for more than forty years, thirty-four of which were spent 
 in Boston. He wrote the second part of " The School and 
 the Schoolmaster," of which Bp. Potter wrote the first part, 
 12mo, pp. 552, N. York, 1842. A copy of this work was 
 placed in every school in N. York and Massachusetts. A 
 Report on the Trees and Shrubs growing naturally in the 
 forests of Massachusetts, Boston, 1846, pp. 535, 8vo, 17 
 plates. 
 
 "Every page seems replete with interest, both of things old and 
 new, rare and well-known. We cheerfully recommend such a trea 
 tise as this to the friends of Horticulture; feeling that the style 
 and manner in which the subject is treated will be peculiarly in 
 teresting." Hbvey's Magazine of Horticulture. 
 
 Several of Mr. Emerson's Lectures upon Education have 
 been pub., and he has contributed a number of articles to 
 the North American Review and the Christian Examiner. 
 
 Emerson, Gouverneur, M.D., of Philadelphia. The 
 Farmer's and Planter's Encyclopaedia of Rural Affairs, by 
 Cuthbert W. Johnson. Adapted to the United States by G. 
 E., Phila., 1853, 8vo. See JOHNSON, CCTHBERT W. Dr. 
 Emerson has contributed very extensively to the agricul 
 tural journals of the U.S. His medical writings consist 
 chiefly of extensive contributions upon the subject of vital 
 statistics, including the mortality, births, and changes in 
 the population of Philadelphia from 1808 to '32 ; show 
 ing, among other things, the excessive mortality of males 
 during childhood, and its causes. Effects of Depressing 
 Influences in Changing the Proportions of the Sexes at 
 Birth. See Amer. Jour, of Med. Sciences, 1827, 31, 48. 
 
 Emerson, James. See TENNENT, SIR JAMES EM 
 ERSON. 
 
 Emerson, Joseph, 1700-1767, minister of Maiden, 
 Mass. Serms. Ac., 1727, '35, '38, '47. 
 
 Emerson, Joseph, 1777-1833, of Beverly, Mass. 
 Miscellanies in Education. 
 
 Emerson, John Swift. Proceedings Ct. of Exche 
 quer in Ireland, in case of Johnson, 1805, 8vo. 
 
 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, the son of a Unitarian 
 minister of Boston, graduated at Harvard College in 1821, 
 being then about 18 years of age. After some attention 
 to theological studies, he was ordained minister of the 
 Second Unitarian Church of Boston; but this connexion 
 was soon sundered, in consequence of some peculiarity in 
 the views of the preacher. He now retired to Concord, 
 and soon became absorbed in those investigations in men 
 tal and moral philosophy of which the results have been 
 from time to time communicated to the world. 
 
 An oration entitled Man Thinking, delivered before the 
 Phi Beta Kappa in 1837, and an address to the senior class 
 of the Divinity College, Cambridge, in 1838, attracted con 
 siderable attention ; which no doubt encouraged Mr. Em 
 erson to address the public through the medium of the 
 press. In 1838 he pub. Literary Ethics, an Oration, which 
 was followed in the next year by Nature, an Essay. In. 
 
EME 
 
 ENF 
 
 1840 he commenced the publication of The Dial, a maga 
 zine devoted to the discussion of mooted points in litera 
 ture, philosophy, and history. This periodical was con 
 tinued for four years. In 1841 he pub. The Method of 
 Nature, an Oration; Man the Reformer, an Oration; a 
 lecture upon some peculiarities of the age ; three Lectures 
 on the Times, and the first series of his Essays. In 1844 
 he pub. lectures on N. England Reformers, the Young 
 American, and Negro Emancipation in the West Indies, 
 and the Second Series of his Essays. He subsequently 
 delivered lectures on Swedenborg, Napoleon, New Eng 
 land, and other subjects. In 1846 he pub. a volume of 
 Poems. He visited England for the second time in 1849, 
 (his first visit was paid we believe about 1825,) and deli 
 vered a series of lectures, which were subsequently pub. 
 in a volume under the title of Representative Men. In 
 1852, in conjunction with Mr. W. H. Channing and J. F. 
 Clarke, he pub. The Memoirs of Margaret Fuller, and in 1856, 
 he pub. English Traits. Hehasalsocontrib.toN. Amer.Rev. 
 and the Chris. Exam. Works, uniform ed., 6 vols. ; Essays, 2 
 vols. ; Nature, Addresses, and Lects., 1 vol. ; Representative 
 Men, 1 vol. ; English Traits, 1 vol. ; Poems, 1vol. See reviews 
 in West. Rev., xxxiii.; Blackw. Mag., Ixii., Ixiv. ; Eclec. 
 Rev., 4th Ser., xii., xxxi. ; Chris. Exam., xxx., (C. C. Fel- 
 ton,) xxxviii., (F. H. Hedge,) xlii., xlviii., (both by C. A. 
 Bartol;) Amer. Whig Rev., i., vi. ; Brownson's Quarterly 
 Review, 2d Ser., i. ; Christian Review, xv. ; Princeton 
 Review, xiii. ; Democratic Review, i., xvi. ; New Eng- 
 lander, viii. ; Southern Literary Messenger, xiii. ; Eclectic 
 Magazine, xiii., xviii. ; Living Age, iv., xvi., xvii., (G. Gil- 
 fillan,) xxiii., xxiv., xxvi. 
 
 " We suspect that Emerson is not known in this country as he 
 deserves to be. With some who have heard his name coupled with 
 that of Carlyle, he passes for a sort of echo or double of the Eng 
 lish writer. A more independent and original thinker can nowhere 
 in this age be found. This praise must at all events be awarded 
 him. And even in America which has not the reputation of gene 
 rally overlooking or underrating the merits of her own children 
 we understand that the reputation of Emerson is by no means 
 what it ought to be; and many critics there who are dissatisfied 
 with merely imitative talent, and demand a man of genius of their 
 own, are not aware that he stands there amongst them." Black- 
 wootfs Magazine, Ixiv. 643, Ac. 
 
 " We warn admirers of this writer against a doctrine which 
 tampers with the difference between right and wrong. There must 
 be such a difference : it deeply concerns every man who presumes 
 to teach the public to hold fast by it. ... No! the doctrine which 
 Mr. Emerson, and many men like-minded, are compassing sea and 
 land to propagate, is not true; the cultivated intellect, the imagina 
 tion, the conscience, the heart, unite in the disclaimer. There is 
 a deeper philosophy than this, a nobler poetry, a manlier morality, 
 a stronger stimulant, a sweeter solace; and our readers need not 
 now be told where these are to be found. ... His ethics are as des 
 titute of authority as his poetry is of life and his philosophy of 
 wisdom." British Quarterly Review. 
 
 " It is better, we think, for a man to tell his story as Mr. Irving, 
 Mr. Hawthorne, or Mr. Longfellow does, than to adopt the style 
 Emersonian in which thoughts may be buried so deep that com 
 mon seekers shall be unable to find them. ' Geoffrey Crayon's' ele 
 gance and polish do not imply want of life or the absence of hu 
 mour. His fancies are ideal, not typographical. They do not 
 consist of verbs for nouns or full stops barring the way when the 
 reader desires to go on, of tumid epithets, which arrest by their 
 strangeness, not their appositeness, of foreign idioms and forms, 
 introduced (it may not be uncharitable to divine) by way of ap 
 prizing the public that the writer is versed in Italian, French, or 
 German." Lon. Athenceum, Feb. 17, 1855, 192. 
 
 Emerson, T. Courts of Law of London,Lon.,1794,8vo. 
 
 Emerson, Wm., 1701-1782, an eminent mathemati 
 cian, was a native of Hurworth, near Darlington, England. 
 He pub. many treatises upon natural philosophy, astrono 
 my, and various branches of mathematics; for a list of 
 which see Biog. Brit. 
 
 Emerson, Wm., 1769-1811, a minister of Boston, 
 Mass., pub. several serins., theolog. treatises, <fcc., 1794- 
 1808. After his death was pub. his sketch of the history 
 of the first church in Boston, with 2 serms., 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Emersone, John. The World's Prospect; or, a Com 
 mentary upon Isa. xxiii. 14, Lon., 1646, 12mo. 
 
 Ernes, Tbomas. Alkali and Acid, Lon., 1609, 8vo. 
 Atheist turned Deist, 1699, 8vo. Predictions, 1707, 4to. 
 
 Emlyn, Henry. Propositions for a New Order of 
 Architecture, Lon., 1782, fol. 
 
 Emlyn, Thomas, 1663-1743, a learned English di 
 vine, a native of Lincolnshire, attracted great attention by 
 his championship of Arianism. In explanation of his 
 sentiments, he pub. at Dublin, where he had been stationed, 
 an Humble Inquiry into the Scripture Account of Jesus 
 Christ, or a short argument concerning his Deity and 
 Glory, according to the Gospel. This led to his prosecu 
 tion and imprisonment. He wrote a number of other con 
 troversial tracts, a list of which will be found in Biog. Brit, 
 and Watt's Bibl. Brit. A collective ed. of his Works, with 
 
 a Memoir by his son, was pub. in 1746, 3 vols. 8vo. See 
 a notice of some of his works in Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " Though his writings are, perhaps, not now so much read as 
 they formerly were, they still continue to be held in reputation, 
 and have a number of admirers. Our author was what is called a 
 high Arian; believing our blessed Saviour to be the first of derived 
 Beings, the Creator of the World, and an object of worship." DR. 
 KIPPIS, in Biog. Brit. 
 
 Emmerick, A., Lt. Col. 1. Culture of Forests, Lon., 
 1789, 8vo. 2. Light Troops to an Army, 1789, 12mo. 
 
 Emmerton, Isaac. Culture and Management of the 
 Auricola, <fec., Lon., 1816. 
 
 Emmet, Thomas Addis, 1764-1827, a native of 
 Cork, was admitted to the Dublin Bar in 1791. Becoming 
 a leader among the " United Irishmen," he was obliged to 
 emigrate to the Continent, after suffering imprisonment, 
 and in 1804 arrived in New York. Here he was admitted 
 to the bar, and in 1812 was appointed Attorney General 
 of the State. He died of an attack of apoplexy in 1827. 
 He wrote, whilst in prison in Scotland, a work pub. in New 
 York in 1807, entitled Pieces of Irish History, illustrative 
 of the condition of the Catholics of Ireland. He was a 
 brother of Robert Emmet, executed for treason in 1803, 
 and of Christopher Temple Emmet, a distinguished lawyer 
 of Dublin. See Memoirs of Thomas Addis Emmet, by 
 Charles Glidden Haynes; with a Biog. Notice of Mr. 
 Haynes, Lon., 1829, 12mo; and a Sketch of the character 
 of Emmet by the late Judge Story, in his Miscel. Writings, 
 804-807. 
 
 "That he had great qualities as an orator cannot be doubted by 
 any one who has heard him. His mind possessed a good deal of 
 the fervour which characterizes his countrymen. It was quick, 
 vigorous, searching, and buoyant. He kindled as he spoke. 
 There was a spontaneous combustion as it were, not sparkling, but 
 clear and glowing. His rhetoric was never florid; and his diction, 
 though select and pure, seemed the common dress of his thoughts, 
 as they arose, rather than any studied effort at ornament." J UBGK 
 STORY, ubi supra. 
 
 Emmett, J. B. Heat; Annals of Phil., 1817. 
 
 Emmons, Nathaniel, D.D., 1745-1840. CCXI. 
 Serms., with Life by Dr. J. Ide, N. York, 1842, 6 vols. r. 
 8vo. These vols. contain upwards of 220 sermons. 
 
 "One of the most eminent, original, and able preachers of his 
 time." See Chris. Exam., xxxiii. 169; Am. Bib. Rep., 2d s., viii. 
 314, x. 352 ; Princeton Rev., xiv. 520. 
 
 Emmot, G., of Durham. A Northern Blast; or, the 
 Spiritual Quaker converted, Lon., 1655, 4to. 
 
 Emory, W. H., Major U.S. Army, b. in Queen Anne's 
 co., Md. 1. Notes of a Military Reconnoissance in Mis 
 souri and California, N. York, 1848, 8vo. 2. Notes of 
 Travel in California; from the Official Reports of Colonel 
 Fremont and Major Emory, N.Y., 8vo. 
 
 "This work contains a map of the United States, Mexico, and 
 California, together with a sectional map, on a large scale, of the 
 Gold-Regions, and is replete with interest." 
 
 3. Report of the U.S. and Mexican Boundary-Com 
 mission, Washington, 4to. An elaborate work. 
 
 Emms, Robert. Gospel Dispensation, Lon., 1732, 4to. 
 
 Enderbie, Percy. Cambria Triumphans; or, Bri 
 tain in its perfect Lustre, from the first of their Princes to 
 Charles I., Lon., 1661, fol. Being a History of Wales. 
 Lord Essex's copy, 30 9s.; Heathcote's, 29 18s. 6rf.; 
 Montolieu's, 32 11s. Reprinted, Lon., 1810, fol. See an 
 analysis of this work in Savage's Librarian, ii. 49-74. 
 
 "As for Enderbie, who was an author of no considerable note, 
 as having not had that just education which is requisite for a 
 genuine historian, he hath done his work but very meanly, being 
 mostly a scribble from late authors, and gives not that satisfaction 
 which curious men desire to know." Athen. Oxon., Bliss's ed., iii. 
 710. 
 
 " Its intrinsic worth in respect to its contents is not very great." 
 Savage's Librarian, ii. 50. 
 
 Yet so scarce had the original folio become, that a year 
 before it was reprinted the same authority informs us, 
 
 " At present I believe that a good copy, bound in Russia leather, 
 is difficult to be procured for much less than forty guineas." 
 
 The same vol. (original) is now (1855) worth perhaps 
 5 to 5 10s. in good condition and binding. 
 
 Endress, Rev. Dr., Lutheran pastor. Christi Regi 
 ment mit weltlicher Monarchic und Aristocratic unverein- 
 bar, 1791, 12mo; also posthumous Sermons published in 
 Lutheran Preacher and Pulpit. 
 
 Enfield, Wm., LL.D., 1741-1797, a Socinian divine, 
 a native of Sudbury, Suffolk, minister of a congregation 
 at Liverpool, 1763 ; teacher of the dissenting academy at 
 Warrington, 1770-83, when it was dissolved; minister of 
 a congregation at Norwich, 1783-97. Serms., Prayers, 
 Selection of Hymns, Ac., 1768-95. The Preacher's Di 
 rectory; an arrangement of topics and texts, 1771, 4to; 
 1775, 9 vols. 12mo; 1782, 4to. 
 
 "An excellent work, formed upon an admirable plan, and exe 
 cuted with great accuracy and judgment. This performance will 
 be particularly useful to those who compose sermons, as it will 
 
ENF 
 
 ENG 
 
 immediately furnish them with a variety of texts on every sub 
 ject, many of which are selected and applied with great taste and 
 ingenuity. We will venture to recommend it to every preacher as 
 the best book of its kind that has ever been published." Lon. 
 Critical Review. 
 
 Essay towards a Hist, of Liverpool, from papers of Geo. 
 Perry, and other materials, 1773, fol. Literary Property, 
 1774, 4to. The Speaker, 1775, Svo. A very good collection 
 of prose and poetry. New ed., 1850, 12mo. By Rev. J. 
 Pyeroft, 1851, 12mo. Elocution, 1780, 12mo. Natural 
 Philosophy, 1783, 4to; 1799, 4to. The History of Philo 
 sophy from the earliest periods to the beginning of the 
 present century, drawn up from Brucker's Historia Critica 
 Philosophise, 1791, 2 vols. 4to ; 1819, 2 vols. Svo. New ed., 
 1840, Svo, pp. 670. Brucker's great work was pub. in 6 
 large 4to vols., Leipsic, 1742-44. A new ed., with large 
 addits. and improvements, appeared in 6 vols. 4to, Leipsic, 
 1767. The author had previously pub. an abridgment in 
 1765, large Svo. Enfield's work is an abridgment of the 
 best edit., 6 vols. 4to, which comprises about 6000 closely- 
 printed pages. The value of Brucker's work is well known. 
 Whether entitled to Enfield's enthusiastic eulogy, it must 
 be left to learned inquirers in the same field to decide : 
 
 " A vast magazine of important facts, collected with indefatigable 
 industry, digested with admirable perspicuity of method, and writ 
 ten with every appearance of candour and impartiality. . . . His 
 work bears throughout such evident marks of diligent attention, 
 cool judgment, and freedom from prejudice, as justly to entitle his 
 opinions to no small degree of respect ; but as far as concerns facts, 
 perhaps no historian ever had a better claim to confidence. No 
 candid reader will, without the most careful inquiry, pronounce 
 that statement of facts erroneous which was the result of a course 
 of investigation in which the life of an industrious student was 
 principally occupied for the long term of FIFTY YEARS." Enfield's 
 Pref. to ?iis Abridgment, 1791. 
 
 " This eminent and valuable work has received the general suf 
 frage of the learned, as being the most comprehensive, methodical, 
 and impartial history of theology hitherto written. It is both a 
 history of doctrines and of men. As a history of doctrines, it lays 
 open the origin of opinions, the changes they have undergone, the 
 distinct characters of different systems, and the leading points in 
 which they differ; as a history of men, it relates the lives of the 
 most eminent philosophers, takes notice of their followers and op 
 ponents, and describes the origin, progress, and decline of their 
 respective sects; and throws much light on the ancient religions 
 of India, Persia, and on every other branch of Eastern literature." 
 
 " An indispensable work. I can truly say, that the benefit which 
 I have derived from it is much greater than it would be possible 
 to express by any quotation or acknowledgments, however nume 
 rous." Burton's Bampton Lectures. 
 
 Enfield performed his task in a most creditable manner: 
 
 "It may be truly said, that the tenets of philosophy and the 
 lives of its professors were never before displayed in so pleasing a 
 form, and with such clearness and excellence of language." 
 
 " It contains a fund of information that is scarcely anywhere 
 else to be met with in the English language. Without it no library 
 can be considered as at all complete." Dr. E. Wittiams's C. P. 
 
 It is not to be denied, indeed, that doubts have been ex 
 pressed of the accuracy of some of his paraphrases of 
 ancient philosophic propositions and conclusions. Serms. 
 on Practical Subjects, with Memoirs of the Author, by 
 John Aikin, M.D., 1798, 3 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1799, 3 vols. 
 Svo. 
 
 "These Sermons are 60 in number, and are almost entirely writ 
 ten upon moral subjects, to illustrate the Character of our Lord, 
 to explain and comment upon his Parables, or to enforce some of 
 his Precepts. His chief talent consists in expressing common ideas 
 in clear and apposite language ; and he so well inculcates the mo 
 ral precepts of Christianity, that, with reference to them, his Ser 
 mons may be read to advantage by every class of believers." 
 British Critic. , 
 
 " In Dr. Enfield's compositions we see great correctness of senti 
 ment, and a happy mode of expression. His words stand for ideas ; 
 he is clear without, needless expansion, and concise without being 
 confused." Lon. Monthly Review, 
 
 The English Preacher; a collec. of short Serms. from 
 various authors, 1773, '74, 9 vols. 12mo. 
 
 "Very useful to young preachers, by exhibiting before them at 
 one view a great variety of models for their imitation." Lowndes's 
 Brit. Librarian. 
 
 Enfield was a large contributor to the 1st vol. of Dr. 
 Aikin's General Biography, 1799-1815, 10 vols. 4to. See 
 AIKIN, JOHN, M.D., in this volume, and a biography of Dr. 
 Enfield in Aikin's General Biography : 
 
 " He joined with the writer of this article in laying the plan; 
 and all the lives in the first volume marked with his initial, com 
 prising more than half the whole, are of his composition. ... His 
 language, chaste, clear, correct, and free from all affectation, is one 
 of the best specimens of that middle style which is fitted for all 
 topics, and he communicates to his reader all that clearness of idea 
 which reigned in his mind." DR. AIKIN, ubi supra. 
 
 Enfield. Wm. 1. New Pronouncing English Diction 
 ary, 1807, 12mo. 
 
 " Mr. Enfield has displayed considerable judgment and great 
 industry in the compilation and arrangement of the useful little 
 volume before us." Anti-Jacobin Review, Aug. 1807. 
 
 2. New Encyclopaedia, 1809-11, 10 vols. 12mo. 3. Natu 
 ral Theology, 1809, 12mo. 4. Compend. of the Laws and 
 
 Constitution of England, 1809, 12mo. 5. Mental and Mora! 
 Philosophy and Logic, 1810, 12mo. 6. Natural Philosophy. 
 
 England, Rev. George. Inquiry into the Morals 
 of the Ancients, 1757, 4to. 
 
 England, John. Discourses, 1700, Svo. Serin., 1710, 
 Svo. Serm., 1715, Svo. 
 
 En gland, lit. Rev. John,D.D.,R. Catholic Bishop of 
 N. Carolina, S. Carolina, and Georgia, for twenty-two years, 
 died at Charleston, April 11, 1842, aged 56. Discourse be 
 fore the Hibernian Society of Savannah, Charleston, 1824, 
 8vo. See a review in the N. Amer. Rev., xix. 470. Expla 
 nation of the Construction, Furniture, and Ornaments of a 
 Church, Ac., Bait., Svo. Letters on Slavery, Svo. Works 
 edited by Bishop Reynolds, Bait., 1849, 5 vols. r. Svo. 
 
 England, Thomas R. 1. Letters from the Abb6 
 Edgeworth to his Friends, 1777-1807, with Memoirs of his 
 Life, 1810, Svo. Life of the Rev. Arthur O'Leary, <fcc., 1822, 
 Svo. Illustrative of the condition of the Irish R. Catholics 
 in the 18th century. 
 
 Englefield, Sir Henry Charles, M.P., 1752-1822, 
 an astronomer and antiquary. 1. Tables of the Apparent 
 Places of the Comet in 1661, Lon., 1788, 4to. 2. Letter 
 rel. to the case of Protestant Dissenters, 1790, Svo. 3. Or 
 bits of Comets, 1793, 4to. 4. Walk through Southampton ; 
 its Antiquities, 1801, Svo. 5. Beauties, Antiquities, and 
 Geological Phenomena of the Isle of Wight, 1S16, fol. 
 This work should be read by all who expect to visit the 
 Isle of Wight. 
 
 " Sir Henry Englefield is well known in the literary world as a 
 man of taste, of extensive, various, and accurate information ; and 
 the description of the Isle of Wight is a work, in all respects, wor 
 thy of a person distinguished by the possession of such accom 
 plishments." Edin. Rev., xxix. 363-377. 
 
 Con. on Astronomy, Geology, and Natural Philosophy, 
 to Phil. Trans., 1781/84; Trans. Linn. Soc., 1802; Archge- 
 ol., 1782, '90, '92; Nic. Jour., 1804; Phil. Mag., 1814, 
 '15. In 1819, in 6 Nos., imp. Svo, appeared the Englefield 
 Vases, and in the same year, in 6 Nos., was pub. The Life 
 of Sir H. C. Englefield, by Sotheby. 
 
 Engles, Wm. M., D.D., of Philadelphia. Rills from 
 the Fountain of Wisdom ; or the Book of Proverbs arranged 
 and illustrated, Phila., 12mo. The idea is excellent, and 
 its execution has been highly commended. No one should 
 be without this little volume. 
 
 English, E. H. Reports of Cases in Sup. Ct. of Law 
 and Eq. in Arkansas, Little Rock, 1846, Svo. 
 
 English, George B., d. 182S, aged 39, was the son 
 of Thomas English, of Boston, Mass., and graduated at 
 Harvard Coll. in 1807. 1. Grounds of Christianity Exam 
 ined, 1813, 12mo. This was answered by Edward Everett, 
 of Massachusetts, in 1814, and also by Samuel Cary in 1813. 
 Mr. Everett's answer forms a vol. of about 500 pages. He 
 was between 20 and 21 years of age at the time of its 
 publication. 2. Letter to Mr. Cary on his Review of the 
 Grounds of Christianity Examined. 3. Letter to Dr. Chan- 
 ning on his 2 serms. on Infidelity, 1813. 4. Expedition to 
 Dongola and Sennaar, 1823, Svo. 5. Five Smooth Stones 
 out of the Brook. This was intended as an answer to 
 Edward Everett's unanswerable response to English's 
 Grounds of Christianity Examined. 
 
 Mr. Everett convicts English of the most flagrant dis 
 honesty in his assertions, and bare-faced plagiarism, to a 
 degree almost unprecedented. This reckless blasphemer 
 of "a doctrine which once he preached," transfers by 
 wholesale to his malignant pages the sophistries and quib 
 bles, the absurdities and the blunders, of Evanson, Collins, 
 Toland, and other such worthies, and appropriates without 
 scruple the reflections of Semler, Priestley, Rabbi Isaac, 
 and Orobio. Mr. Everett shows that thus ninety-four 
 pages are borrowed from other writers, of which number 
 Mr. English gives credit to the owners for twenty-four 
 pages only. The work of Mr. Everett would do honour to 
 any critic, however far advanced in years or experienced 
 in polemics ; but as the composition of a mere youth, it is 
 one of the most remarkable productions of the human 
 mind. The following extracts are commended to the class 
 of writers especially concerned : 
 
 " Justly, most justly, does Dr. Leland observe, that It would be 
 hard to produce any persons whatever, who are chargeable with 
 more unfair and fraudulent management in their quotations, in 
 curtailing, adding to, and altering, tlie passages they cite, or taking 
 them out of their connexion, and making them speak directly con 
 trary to the sentiments of their authors,' than the Deistical Writers." 
 Everett's Defence of Christianity, 108. 
 
 Again : 
 
 "It is a peculiarity of the skeptical writers, that they delight to 
 dwell on indelicate and indecent themes. The reader will see some 
 traces of this in Mr. English's work. . . . Person, in the preface to 
 his unanswerable letters to Travis, justly censures Gibbon for this 
 vulgar vice, and there needs no confirmation to the remark at the 
 
ENG 
 
 beginning of this note to one who has read the works of Woolston, 
 of Mandeville, or Voltaire." I6ttf.431, note. 
 
 English was a roving character, and served under the 
 Pasha of Egypt He is said to have embraced Islamism, 
 but this story we believe to be untrue. At one time of his 
 life he was a member of the community at New Harmony. 
 Shortly after leaving college he studied theology, and was 
 licensed to preach as a candidate for the ministry, by the 
 " Boston Association of Clergymen." 
 
 English, H. S. Laws respecting Pews or Seats in 
 Churches, Lon., 1826, 8vo. 
 
 English, J. Obs. on Sheridan's Dissert, on the English 
 Tongue ; difficulties in pronunciation, &c., Lon., 1762, 8vo. 
 English, J. Serin., 1776, 8vo. 
 
 English, John. The Grey Spirit of the Friar, and 
 the Black Spirit of the Wye j a Romance, 1810, 2 vols. 12tno. 
 English, John George. Arithmetic, &c., 1795, 12mo. 
 English, Michael. Assize on Bread, 1491. 
 English, Peter. The Survey of Policy ; oraVindic. 
 of the Commonwealth agst. Salmasius and other Royalists, 
 Lon., 1653, 4to. 
 
 English, Rev. Robert. The Naval Review ; a Poem, 
 Lon., 1773, 4to; 1774, 4to. Elegy, 1777, 4to. 
 English, Thomas. Serm., 1734, 4to. 
 English, Thomas Dunn, of Philadelphia, has ac 
 quired considerable reputation as a contributor of prose 
 and poetical articles to the periodicals of the day. 
 
 '* Mr. English is best known as an original, forcible, and some 
 times humorous, writer of prose." See Griswold's Poets and Poetry 
 of America. 
 
 Enoch, Richard. Serm., 1707, 4to. 
 Enos, James Lysander, b. 1825, in the State of 
 New York. Intellectual and Practical Arithmetic. Re- 
 vised ed., N. York, 1854, 18mo. 
 
 Ensor, George. 1. Principles of Morality, 1801, 8vo. 
 2. The Independent Man, 1806, 8vo. 3. National Govern 
 ment, 1810, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. National Education, 1811, 8vo. 
 5. Defects of the English Laws and Tribunals, 1812, 8vo. 
 "A rambling, desultory, fault-finding, ill-digested volume, in 
 which the author finds little to praise and much to blame." Mar 
 vin's Leg. Bill. 
 
 6. Present State of Ireland, 1814, 8vo. 7. State of Eu 
 rope in Jan. 1816, 1816, 8vo. 
 
 Ent, Sir George, 1604-1689, an eminent physician, 
 was a native of Sandwich, Kent, and educated at Sidney 
 Sussex Coll., Camb. 1. Amicorum Applausus cum Patavi 
 M.D. crearetur, Pat., 1636. 2. Apologia pro Circulatione 
 Sanguinis contra ^iEmilium Parisanum, Lon., 1641, '85, 
 8vo. In defence of Harvey. 3. Animadversiones in Ma- 
 lachiae Thrustoni M.D., diatribam de respirationis usu 
 primario, 1679, '84, '85, 8vo. Whole Works, Leyden, 1687, 
 8vo. He is said to have trans, the whole of Harvey's Ex- 
 ercitationes de Generatione Animalium into Latin. Con. 
 to Phil. Trans., 1678, '91. 
 
 Entick, or Entinck, John, 1713-1773. Speculum 
 Latinum, Lon., 1728, 8vo. New Naval History, 1758, fol. 
 General History of the Late War, by Entinck and others, 
 1763, 5 vols. 8vo. Relates principally to the war in Ame 
 rica. See Lon. Monthly Review. Survey and History of 
 London, &c., 1766, 4 vols. 8vo. Not much valued. New 
 Latin and English Dictionary, 1771, 12mo. Many eds., 
 1786, by W. Crackelt. This dictionary has been repub- 
 lished within the last few years. Present State of the 
 British Empire, 1774, 4 vols. 8vo. New Spelling Diction 
 ary, 1764, 12mo. By Crackelt, 1784, 12ino; 1788, 4to; 
 1795, 12mo. New ed., 1850, sq. Other works. He was 
 engaged in some theolog. and some political publications. 
 Entwisle, Edmund, D.D. Serm., 1697, 4to. 
 Enty, John, a dissenting minister of Exeter. Serms., 
 1707, '16, '20, '25, '37. Other publications. 
 
 Equinox, Thomas. More Conversation, or Ecclesi 
 astical Synaptism, Lon., 1807, 8vo. 
 
 Erbery, Wm. Pub. many theolog. treatises, 1627-54, 
 which seem to have been forgotten. See a list in Watt's 
 Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Erdeswicke, Sampson, d. 1603, was an antiquary 
 of Sandon, in Staffordshire. A Short View of Stafford 
 shire, Lon., 1717, 8vo. Again by Sir Simon Degge in 1723. 
 But Lowndes speaks of both the above as one edition. (?) 
 The View is now incorporated in Shaw's Hist, of Stafford 
 shire. Erdeswicke's View is said to be inaccurate, not 
 withstanding the commendation of Wood, who tells us 
 that it 
 
 " Was begun about the year 1593, and continued by him to his 
 death, from ancient evidences and records, with brevity, clearness, 
 and truth." 
 
 Erdeswicke is supposed to have written The True State 
 of Armory, pub. under the name of William Wyreley, 1592, 
 4to. but this is very doubtful. 
 660 
 
 ERS 
 
 Erichsen, John, Prof, of Surgery in University Coll., 
 London. The Science and Art of Surgery, Lon., 1853, p. 
 8vo. Amer. ed., with Notes and Additions, by J. H. Brin- 
 ton, M.D., Phila., 1854, 8vo; nearly 900 pages. 
 
 " The volume before us gives a very admirable practical view of 
 the science and art of surgery of the present day." Edin. Med. 
 and Surg. Jour. 
 
 " Decidedly the best treatise on the subject since the days of Ben 
 jamin Bell." PROF. S. D. GROSS, May 17, 1854. 
 
 Erigena, Johannes Scotus, a celebrated philoso 
 pher, a native of Ireland, long resident at the court of 
 Charles the Bald, King of France, is supposed to have died 
 about 877, but of this date, as of the incidents of his life, 
 there appears to be much doubt. The curious reader can 
 refer to the authorities cited below. Of his writings a cata 
 logue will be found in Cave and others. Bale has added 
 to the number, but it is thought without sufficient evidence. 
 The following have been printed : 1. De Divisione Naturae, 
 Oxon., by Gale, 1681, fol. 
 
 " His book entitled The Division of Nature is of great use in 
 solving many intricate and perplexing questions, if we can forgive 
 him for deviating from the path of the Latin philosophers and 
 divines, and pursuing that of the Greeks. It was this that made 
 him appear a heretic to many ; and it must be confessed that there 
 are many things in it which, at first sight at least, seem to be con 
 trary to the Catholic faith." HOVEDEX. 
 
 2. De Praedestinatione Dei, contra Goteschalcum, edited 
 by Gilb. Maguin in his Vindiciae Prsedestinationis et Gra- 
 tiae, vol. i. p. 103. This work was violently attacked by 
 Prudentius and Florus. 3. Excerpta de Differentiis et So- 
 cietatibus GraDci Latinique Verbi, in Macrobius's works. 
 4. De Corpore et Sanguine Domini, 1558, '60, 1653,- Lon., 
 1686, 8vo. It is supposed that the treatise really written 
 by Erigena is lost, and that the published one is not the 
 genuine tract. It is certain that Erigena denied the doc 
 trine of transubstantiation. It was intended as an answer 
 to Paschasius Radbertus. Erigena's treatise was con 
 demned to be burned at Rome in 1059. It was on this 
 account that his name was stricken from the roll of saints 
 by Baronius. 5. Ambigua S. Maximi, seu Scholia ejus 
 in difficiles Locos S. Gregorii Nazianzeni, Latine versa, 
 with the Divisio Naturae, Oxford, 1681, fol. 6. Opera S. 
 Dionysii quatuor in Latinam Linguana conversa, in the 
 edition of Dionysius, Colon., 1536. Many of his MSS. are 
 still in existence. He trans, from the Latin, at the request 
 of King Charles, four works attributed to Dionysius the 
 Areopagite. This trans, (see conclusion of this article) 
 involved Erigena in difficulty, and elicited an indignant 
 letter from Pope Nicholas I. to the King of France. It is 
 supposed that this led to Erigena's withdrawal from France, 
 but this is greatly doubted. See Biog. Brit. ; Mackenzie's 
 Scotch Writers; Wood's Annals, and Colleges and Halls; 
 Henry's Hist, of G. Brit.; Cave; Fabric. Bibl. Lat. Med. ; 
 Brucker ; Saxii Onomast. ; Hist. Lit. de Fr., v., pp. 428, 429 ; 
 Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ; Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 " He was a skilful logician and controversialist, and had imbibed, 
 by the perusal of some of the Greek Fathers, a considerable taint 
 of the Platonism of the School of Alexandria. He thus became 
 one of the founders of the philosophic school of the Realists, who 
 attracted so much attention in the eleventh and twelfth centuries." 
 WEIGHT, ubi supra. 
 
 " Anastasius had so high an opinion of Erigena, that he ascribed 
 his translation of the works of Dionysius to the especial influence 
 of the spirit of God." DR. KIPPIS, in Biog. Brit. 
 
 But his opponents complained of the trans, as "too lite 
 ral, and therefore often unintelligible, or liable to be mis 
 understood; and they represented it as ridiculous that a 
 barbarian from the extreme edge of the world should un 
 derstand Greek." 
 
 The reader will find some specimens of the compositions 
 of Erigena in Usher's Veterum Epistolarum Hibernicarum 
 Sylloge., Dubl., 1632, 4to. 
 
 Ernst, Rev. Dr. Lutheran Pastor, Lebanon, Pa. 
 Sermon on the Death of Washington. 
 
 Ernulph, or Earnulph, b. about 1040, d. 1124, a na 
 tive of Beauvais, and pupil of Lanfranc, was made Abbot 
 of Petersborough in 1107, and in 1114 was promoted to 
 the bishopric of Rochester. He collected the early char 
 ters, &c. of his see into a volume, which is still extant, and 
 known as the Textus Roffensis. In addition to the char 
 ters of the church, it contains many of the Anglo-Saxon 
 and early Anglo-Norman laws, and a number of other 
 documents. It has been largely drawn from by the com 
 pilers of early British laws. A portion of its contents will 
 be found in Wharton's Anglia Sacra, 1691, fol., pp. 329- 
 34; and the whole was printed by Hearne, Oxon., 1720, 8vo. 
 Two Epistles of Ernulph's will be found in D'Achery's 
 Spicilegium, tomus Hi., Parisiis, 1723, fol., pp. 464-71. 
 Erralt, Thomas. Con. to Mem. Med., 1799. 
 Erskine, Hon. Andrew, 1739-1793, third son of 
 ! the 5th Earl of Kellie. Letters between him and James 
 
ERS 
 
 ERS 
 
 Boswell, Esq., Lon., 1763, 8vo. Town Eclogues, Lon., 
 1773, 4to. 
 
 " A good poet and a good critic." BOSWELL, in life of Johnson. 
 
 Erskine, Charles. The Institutes of Medicinal Pa 
 thology, from the Latin of H. D. Gaubuis, Edin., 1775, 8vo. 
 The Syphilitic Physician, 1808, 12mo. 
 
 Erskine, David, Lord Dun, 1670-1755, an eminent 
 Scottish lawyer, became lord of session in 1711, a commis 
 sioner in the court of justiciary, 1713-50. Lord Dun's 
 Advices, 1752, 12mo, several eds. A work of great merit. 
 
 Erskine, David Stewart. See BUCHAN, EARL OF. 
 
 Erskine, Ebenezer, 1680-1754, a grandson of Ralph 
 Erskine, noted for having thirty-three children, was born 
 in the Prison of the Bass, where his father and mother 
 were confined during a season of religious persecution in 
 Scotland against the Presbyterians. Ebenezer was edu 
 cated at the Univ. of Edinburgh ; minister of Portmoak, 
 Kinross, 1703; of Stirling, 1731. In April, 1732, he was 
 chosen moderator of the synod of Perth and Stirling, and 
 in his opening sermon he censured some late proceedings 
 of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland respect 
 ing patronage. These strictures occasioned a controversy 
 which resulted in a schism, and Mr. Erskine's party became 
 known as the Seceders. For an account of this body we 
 must refer the reader to Brown's Account of the Secession, 
 8th ed., 1802, 12mo; to Mackerrow's History of the Se 
 cession Church, new ed., Edin., 1841, Svo; and see article 
 SECEDERS in Encyc. Brit., 7th ed. The character of Ebe 
 nezer Erskine was most exemplary, and his sermons greatly 
 admired. Discourses on Ps. ii. 6, Edin., 1739, 12mo. 
 Serms., 1755, Svo. Discourses, 1757, 3 vols. 12mo. Serins., 
 Glasg., 1762, 4 vols. Svo; vol. 5th, Edin., 1765. Whole 
 Works, 1798, 3 vols. Svo; Lon., 1799, 3 vols. Svo; Edin., 
 1810, 3 vols. Svo. By the Rev. D. Fraser, with a Memoir, 
 Lon., 1826, 2 vols. Svo. The Life and Diary were pub. 
 separately in 1831, 12mo. Serms., abridged by Fenton, 
 
 1826, 2 vols. in 1, 12mo. 31 Serms., abridged by Fisher, 
 
 1827, 2 vols. in 1, 12mo. 18 Serms., abridged, 1829, 12mo. 
 Beauties of E. Erskine, Ac., by the Rev. S. McMillan, Svo. 
 Serms. of Ralph and Ebenezer Erskine, selected, with a 
 Preface, by the Rev. Thomas Bradbury, 1738, 3 vols.; 
 1757, 3 vols. Svo. Select Writings of Ebenezer Erskine, 
 edited by the Rev. D. Smith, Edin., 1848, Svo. 
 
 " Were I to read in order to refine my taste or improve my style, 
 I would prefer Bp. Atterbury's Sermons, Dr. Bate's Works, or Mr. 
 Seed s Discourses: but were I to read with a single view to the edi 
 fication of my heart in true faith, solid comfort, and evangelical 
 holiness, I would have recourse to Mr. Erskine, and take his 
 volumes for my guide, my companion, and my own familiar 
 friend." Hervey's Theron and Aspasia. 
 
 " The works of Ralph and Ebenezer Erskine are highly evangeli 
 cal ; the productions of minds very strongly attached to truth, 
 devotional and zealous." Williams' s C. P. 
 
 "The two Erskines Cecil calls the best Scotch divines, but 
 speaks of them as dry and laboured. He did not at the moment 
 recollect Leighton, Rutherford, Maclaurin, &c."Bickersteth's G. S. 
 
 Erskine, Hon. Mrs. Esme Stewart. Isabel; a 
 Tale, in two Cantos; and other Poems, Lon., 1814, cr. Svo. 
 
 Erskine, George, Serm., 1710, 4to; do., 1710, 4to. 
 
 Erskine, H. T. The New Statute for the Relief of 
 Insolvent Debtors, 5 & 6 Viet., c. 116, <fcc., Lon., 1842, 12mo. 
 
 Erskine, Henry, 1624-1696, a Scotch divine, father 
 of Ebenezer Erskine, left some Latin MSS. elucidating 
 difficult passages of the Holy Scriptures. They have never 
 been pub. 
 
 Erskine, Hon. Henry, 1746-1817, Lord Advocate 
 of Scotland, brother of Lord High Chancellor Erskine, 
 was the son of Henry David, 10th Earl of Buchan. Ex 
 pediency of Reform in the Court of Session in Scotland, 
 Lon., 1807, Svo. See Lon. Monthly Review, liii 442 
 See a biography of Mr. Erskine in Chambers's Lives of 
 Illus. and Dist. Scotsmen, ii. 237. 
 
 Erskine, John, Baron of Dun, 1508P-1591, an emi 
 nent Scotch Reformer, assisted in 1577 in the compilation 
 of the Second Book of Discipline, or model for the govern 
 ment of a Presbyterian Church. See Scot's Lives of the 
 Reformers; McCrie's Life of Knox; Cook's Hist, of the 
 Reformation in Scotland. 
 
 Erskine, John, 1695-1768, Prof, of Scottish Law in 
 the Univ. of Edinburgh. The Principles of the Law of 
 Scotland, Edin., 1754, '57, '64, Svo. With Notes and 
 Correc. by Gillon, 1809, Svo. New ed. by J. S. Moore 
 Edin., 1827, Svo. Institutes of the Laws of Scotland 
 1773, fol.; 2d ed., enlarged, 1773, fol.; 3d ed., 1785, fol.; 4th 
 ed., 1804, fol. With Notes by Gillon, 1805, fol. With 
 Notes by James Ivory, 1824-28, 2 vols. fol. New ed by 
 A. MacAllan, 1838, 2 vols. r. Svo. and r. 4to. 
 
 "A standard work, characterized by conciseness and perspi 
 cuity." Warren's Law Studies, 888. 
 
 Both of the above works are on the plan of Sir George 
 Mackenzie's Institutions of the Law of Scotland. 
 
 Erskine, John, D.D., 1721-1803, educated at the 
 Univ. of Edinburgh; minister of Kirkintilloch, 1744; of 
 Culross, 1754; of New Grey-Friars' Church, Edinburgh, 
 1758; colleague with Dr. Robertson in the Old Grey-Friars' 
 Church, 1759. Dr. Erskine pub. a number of serms. and 
 theolog. dissertations, 1750-1802. A collection of his Dis 
 courses was pub. at Edin., 1818, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Very scriptural, and full of excellent matter." Williams's C.P. 
 
 Theological Dissertations, 1765, 12mo. Sketches and 
 Hints of Church History and Theolog. Controversy,1790-97, 
 2 vols. 12mo; 2d ed., 1818, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " Whether the reader shall agree or disagree with Dr. Erskine 
 in all the views of Scripture truth which the Theological Disserta 
 tions contain, it is impossible but he must admire the shrewd 
 sense which they display, and their familiar and extensive ac 
 quaintance with the Bible. . . . The Sketches of Church History 
 discover the author's extensive acquaintance with the modern 
 Dutch and German writers, and furnish many curious extracts 
 from books that are little known in this country." Orme's BM. 
 Bib. 
 
 " Much scarce information. . . . An account of Foreign Works, 
 and translations of extracts from them, on the plan of Erskine's 
 Sketches of Church History, would be interesting and useful." 
 BickcrstetVs C. S. 
 
 See An Account of the Life and Writings of John Ers 
 kine, D.D., by Sir Henry Moncreiff Wellwood, Bart., M.D., 
 Edin., 1818, Svo. A list of his works and publications, 
 edited by him, will be found in Chambers's Lives of Illus. 
 and Dist. Scotsmen, ii. 262-4. 
 
 Erskine, John Francis. General View of the Agri 
 culture of the County of Clackmannan, <fec.,Edin., 1794, 4to. 
 
 " This work had much repute, being the offspring of an educated 
 mind, and very large information and experience." Dvnaldsoris 
 Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Erskine, Ralph, 1685-1752, brother of Ebenezer 
 Erskine, was a native of Monilaws, Northumberland; edu 
 cated at the Univ. of Edinburgh; minister at Dunfermline, 
 1711; joined the Seceders, 1734. He pub. a number of 
 Serms., Theolog. Treatises, Scripture Songs, Gospel Songs, 
 <fcc., 1738-52, and several of his works were pub. after his 
 death. We have already referred to Bradbury's ed. of the 
 Serms. of Ralph and Ebenezer Erskine. Works, Glasg., 
 1764-66, 2 vols. fol.; 1777, 10 vols. Svo; Lon., 1821, 10 volg. 
 Svo. Gospel Sonnets, new ed., 1844, 24mo. For opinions 
 upon his Works see ERSKINE, EBENEZER. 
 
 An enthusiastic admirer thus celebrates the merits of 
 our excellent author : 
 
 "Erskine! whose pen spread far abroad 
 Redeeming love, the sole device of God. 
 Substantial themes his thoughts did much pursue ; 
 Kept pure the truth, espoused but by a few. 
 Integrity of heart, of soul serene; 
 No friend to vice, no cloke to the profane; 
 Employ'd his talents to reclaim the vain." 
 
 See Life prefixed to his Works. 
 
 Erskine, Robert. Tract rel. to J. Crookshanks, Lon., 
 1759, Svo. Rivers and Tides, 1770, '81, Svo. 
 
 Erskine, Thomas, Lord Baron Erskine, of Restor- 
 mel Castle, co. Cornwall, 1750-1823, was the third son of 
 Henry, David Erskine, 10th Earl of Buchan in Scotland. 
 He was educated at the High School of Edinburgh, and 
 the University of St. Andrew's, and subsequently, in 1777, 
 entered as a Fellow of Trin. Coll., Camb. At the age of 
 14 he entered the Royal Navy, where he served for four 
 years; and in 1768 became attached to the army, as an 
 ensign in the Royals, or First Regiment of Foot He re 
 mained in the army for eight years. Determined to adopt 
 the profession of the law, in 1777 he inserted his name as 
 a student in the book of Lincoln's Inn^nd in 1778 sav 
 ing two years of probation in consequence of his academical 
 degree, to which he was entitled from his University as the 
 son of a nobleman he was called to the bar. His defence 
 of Captain Baillie at once established his fame, and hence 
 forth he reaped laurels in profusion. In 1806 he was made 
 Lord High Chancellor, and in 1815 received the Order of 
 the Thistle. His professional life does not properly come 
 under our consideration in this volume. The reader is re 
 ferred to Boswell's Johnson; Chambers's Lives of Illus. 
 and Dist. Scotsmen ; Stanton's Reforms and Reformers of 
 Great Britain; The Georgian Era; Encyc. Brit,; Edin. 
 Rev., vols. xvi. and xix. ; Gent. Mag., xciii. 553 ; Good- 
 rich's Select Brit. Eloquence. His lordship amused his 
 intervals of leisure by the composition of Armata, a Frag 
 ment; a political romance, Lon., 1817, 2 vols. Svo; pub. 
 anon. ; and wrote some pamphlets in favour of the Greeks. 
 His burlesque parody of Gray's Bard is well known. His 
 View of the Causes and Consequences of the Present War 
 with France, pub. in 1797, was so popular that 48 edits, 
 were called for in a few months. A letter in answer to it, 
 
 561 
 
ERS 
 
 ETII 
 
 by John Gifford, also had a very large sale, and was fre 
 quently republished. 
 
 " Seeing also, as every reader must here see, facts opposed to de 
 clamation, and proofs to bare assertion, we cannot conceive our 
 selves biassed by any kind of prejudice, when we pronounce that | 
 this publication contains a complete and solid answer to Mr. Er- j 
 Bkine." British Critic, April, 1797. 
 
 A list of his separate publications speeches, Ac. will 
 be found in Watt's Bibl. Brit. There have been several 
 collective edits, of his speeches. Speeches, 1846, r. 8vo. I 
 Speeches, with Memoir by Lord Brougham. 1845, '47, 4 , 
 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " We take the opinion of the country and of every part of the 
 world where the language is understood, to be that of the most 
 unbounded admiration of these exquisite specimens of Judicial 
 Oratory, and of a great obligation to the Editor of the collection." 
 Edin. Review, vol. xix. 
 
 " At the bar Erskine shone with peculiar lustre. There the re 
 sources of his mind were made apparent by instantaneous bursts 
 of eloquence, combining logic, rhetorical skill, and legal precision, 
 while he triumphed over the passions and prejudices of his hearers 
 and moulded them to his will." 
 
 " As an advocate in the forum I hold him to be without an equal 
 in ancient or modern times." LORD CAMPBELL. 
 
 Erskine, Thomas, of Linlethan, a member of the 
 Scottish Bar. 1. Remarks on the Internal Evidence for 
 the Truth of Revealed Religion, 3d ed., Edin., 1821, 12mo. 
 
 " The argument from the internal evidence of religion, in sup 
 port of its truth and suitableness, is very powerfully supported, 
 though the author uses the phrase natural religion rather ambigu 
 ously." Orme's DM. Bib. 
 
 2. An Essay on Faith, 3d ed., 1823, 12mo. An ed., 1829, 
 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 "Written in an easier style of argument, and contains more of 
 scriptural statement and explanation. Both works are much fitted 
 to be useful." Ubi supra. 
 
 The British Critic highly praises both of these produc 
 tions. 3. The Unconditional Freeness of the Gospel; in 
 three Essays, 2d ed., 1828, 12mo. This work excited an 
 animated controversy. See an account of " The Gairloch 
 or Row Heresy" in the Eclectic Review for July, 1830. 
 4. The Brazen Serpent; or Life coming through Death, 2d 
 ecL, 1831, 12ino. 5. The Doctrine of Election illustrated, 
 Lon., 1837, 12mo. This useful layman was profoundly 
 versed in Greek and Biblical literature. See Orme's Bibl. 
 Bib., 174-75. 
 
 Erswicke, John. Benefits of the observation of Fish 
 Days, Lon., 1642, 4to. 
 
 Escheruy, D. D. The Distemper, Lon., 1756, 8vo. 
 Probably the same as DAVID DESCHERNY, M.D., q. v. 
 
 Esdaile, James, M.D. 1. Christian Theology, Lon., 
 8vo. 2. Mesmerism in India; and its Practical Applica 
 tion in Surgery and Medicine, fp. 8vo. 
 
 "From eight months' mesmeric treatment in a country charity- 
 hospital in Bengal, Dr. Esdaile attests its efficacy in rendering sur 
 gical operations painless, and aiding medical applications in every 
 form." Lon. Library Gazette. 
 
 3. Letters from the Red Sea, Egypt, and the Continent, 
 Calcutta, 1839, 8vo. 4. Natural and Mesmeric Clairvoy 
 ance, 1852, 12mo. 
 
 Esling, Catherine H. W., formerly Miss Water 
 man, was born in Philadelphia in 1812. In 1840 she was 
 married to Mr. Esling of Philadelphia. As a contributor 
 to the periodicals of the day Miss Waterman obtained great 
 and deserved celebrity. In 1850 Mrs. Esling pub. The 
 Broken Bracelet and other Poems, Phila., 12mo. 
 
 " Her poems are the expressions of a true woman's soul: she 
 excels in portraying feeling, and iu expressing the warm and ten 
 der emotions of one to whom home has ever been the lodestar of 
 the soul. In pathos and delicacy she has few equals." Mrs. Hates 
 Woman's Record. 
 
 Espagne, John d', a French Protestant divine, mi 
 nister of the French Church in London temp. James I. and 
 Charles L, pub. several theolog. treatises, 1640-57, the best 
 known of which is Popular Errors in the knowledge of 
 Religion, Lon., 1648, 8vo. 
 
 Espinasse, Isaac, of Gray's Inn. 1. Law of Actions 
 and Trials at Nisi Prius, Lon., 1789, 2 vols. 8vo; 4th ed., 
 1812, 2 vols. 8vo ; Phila., 1791 ; N. York, 1811, 2 vols. 8vo; 
 
 522, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Reports of Cases at Nisi Prius, Lon., 
 1793-1811, 6 vols. r. 8vo; Hartford, with Notes by Thomas 
 Day, 1808, 6 vols. 8vo ; 1825. 3. Law of Actions on Penal 
 Statutes, Lon., 1813, r. 8vo ; 1818, '24 ; N. York, 1822, 8vo. 
 4. Laws of Actions on Statutes, remedial, penal, &c., Lon., 
 
 1824, r. 8vo. 5. Evidence for Trials at Nisi Prius, 2d ed., 
 
 1825, 8vo; Phila., 1822, 8vo. 6. Peel's Acts, Ac., Lon., 
 1827, 8vo. 7. Cases of the County of Dublin, 1827, 8vo. 
 
 Espinasse, James. Law of Bankrupts as altered 
 by 6 Geo. IV. c. 16, Lon., 1825, r. 8vo. 
 
 Espy, James P., b. 1785, in Washington oo., Penna. 
 The Philosophy of Storms, Boston, 1841, 8vo. Mr. Espy 
 investigates the theories of Col. Reid, Dr. Piddington, Ac. 
 
 " As a connected chain of cause and effect in the production of 
 
 storms and other similar meteors, Mr. Espy 's theory is the most 
 complete that has hitherto been brought forward, and it may be 
 come the one adopted to explain a vast mass of meteorological 
 phenomena." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 " Mr. Kspy's communication contains a great number of well- 
 observed and well-described facts. His theory, in the present state 
 of science, aloneaccounts for the phenomena ; and, when completed, 
 as Mr. Espy intends, by the study of the action of electricity when 
 it intervenes, will leave nothing to be desired. In a word, for phy 
 sical geography, agriculture, navigation, and meteorology, it gives 
 us new explanations, indications useful for ulterior researches, 
 and redresses many accredited errors." Conclusion of the Report 
 of the. Academy of Sciences (Paris) on iht, labours of J. P. Espy, con 
 cerning Tornudoes, dx. Cwnmittee, Messieurs Arago, I'uuilltt, Bz- 
 'net Reporter. 
 
 Essex, Arthur Capel, Earl of. See CAPEL. 
 
 Essex, James, 1723-1784, an eminent English archi 
 tect, a native of Cambridge, pub. some papers in the Archaeol. 
 and Bibl. Top. Brit., and two Letters, Cainb., 1749, 8vo; 
 Lon., 1787, 4to. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. 
 
 Essex, John. 1. Country Dances, Lon., 1710, 8vo. 
 2. The Young Ladies' Conduct, 1722, 8vo. 
 
 Essex, Robert Devereux,Earl of. See DEVEREUX. 
 
 Essex, Walter Devereux,Earl of. See DEVEREUX. 
 
 Est, Wm. Serms., Lon., 1611, '14, 8vo. Lect. on St. 
 James, 1616, 8vo. Pirckheiiner's Laus Podagra) trans, into 
 English, 1617, 4to. 
 
 Estcourt, Richard, 1668-1713, a native of Tewkes- 
 bury, acquired considerable reputation as a comic actor, 
 and is frequently mentioned in the Taller and Spectator. 
 1. Fair Example; a Comedy, 1706, 4to. 2. Prunella; an 
 Interlude, 4to. 
 
 Este, Rev. Charles, 1753-1829, abandoned the stage 
 for the study of medicine, and the latter for divinity. 
 
 1. Tracts on Medical Subjects, Lon., 1776, 8vo. 2. My 
 own Life, 1787, 8vo. 3. A Journey in 1793 through Flan 
 ders, Brabant, and Germany, to Switzerland, 1795, 8vo. 
 He was joint editor and proprietor of the periodical called 
 The World. 
 
 Este, John. Bookes of Madrigals, Anthems, Ac., 
 1604, '10, '18, '24, '38. 
 
 Este, M. L. 1. Royal Institution, Ac., Lon., 1810, 
 8vo. 2. Contagious Diseases, Baths, Swimming, Ac., 1812, 
 8vo. 
 
 Este, Michael. Madrigals, Lon., 1604, Ac. 
 
 Estey, George. Certaine godly and learned Expo 
 sitions upon divers parts of Scripture, Lon., 1603, 4to. 
 
 Estlin, John l*rior, LL.1X, a Unitarian preacher. 
 Evidences of Revealed Religion. Serms., Discourses, Ac., 
 1791-1815. 
 
 " His sermons were much and justly admired for the classical 
 purity and elegance of their style; he treated his subjects with 
 perspicuity, and adorned argument with all the attractions of genu 
 ine pathos." Vide Life. 
 
 Eston, John. The Falling Stars; or the Dragon's 
 bringing down and trampling upon Heavenly Glory, Lon., 
 1653. 
 
 Estrange, L'. See L'ESTRANOE. 
 
 Estwick, Nicholas. Serins., Ac., Lon., 1633-56. 
 
 Estwick, Samuel, LL.D. 1. Serm., Lon., 1696, 4to. 
 
 2. Negro Cause, 1772, 8vo. 3. Letter to Dean Tucker rel. 
 to the war with America, 1776, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Estwick is an acute reasoner and an entertaining writer; 
 and a warm and zealous advocate for the Americans." Rich's Bibl. 
 Amer. Nova. 
 
 Ethelred. See AILRED OF RIEVATJX. 
 
 Ethelston, Rev. Charles W. Ode, 1803, 4to. The 
 Suicide ; with other Poems, 1804, 8vo. Address on Schools, 
 1812, 4to. 
 
 Ethelward, who was alive in 1090, is known by a 
 history of the Anglo-Saxons, in four books, ending with 
 the reign of King Edgar. See Rerum Anglicanum Scrip- 
 tores post Bedam prsecipui, (edited by Savile,) fol., Francf., 
 1601, pp. 831-850. Chronicorum Ethelwerdi Libri Qua- 
 tuor. Ethelward's work is of little value: 
 
 "The whole is a translation of a very false and imperfect copy 
 of the Saxon Chronicle: and therefore William of Malmesbury has 
 modestly, out of defence to his family, [the author tells us that he 
 was descended from Ethelred, the brother of King Alfred,] declined 
 the giving a character of this writer's performance. If he had done 
 it truly, he ought to have told us that his stile is boisterous, and 
 that several parts of his history are not so much as hardly sense." 
 Bp. Nicolsoris Eng. Hist. Lib., xl. 
 
 Ethelwold, supposed to have been born about 925, 
 d. 984, a native of Winchester, was called by his contempo 
 raries the Father of Monks. In 963 he was consecrated 
 Bishop of Winchester. He is best known as a writer by 
 his trans, into Anglo-Saxon of the Rule of Monastic Life, 
 drawn up in Latin by St. Benedict. See Wright's Biog. 
 Brit. Lit., and authorities there cited. 
 
 Ethelwolf, b. before 770, was an inmate of a small 
 monastery dependent on the larger one of Liudisfarne. 
 
ETH 
 
 EUS 
 
 He wrote a metrical history of the abbots and other emi 
 nent persons of his monastery to the time of Egbert, 
 Bishop of Lindisfarne, 802-819. 
 
 "The only English writer of the beginning of the ninth century 
 whom we can trace with any degree of certainty, is an Anglo- 
 Latin poet named Etbelwolf, of whom we have no further informa 
 tion than that which is contained in the only one of Iiis poems 
 now extant. . . . This poem is valuable chiefly as a document of 
 history : but, though it has little merit, it is interesting as the 
 only specimen we have of the Anglo-Latin poetry of that period." 
 WrighCt Bwg. Brit. Lit., q. v. 
 
 Etherege, Sir George, born about 1636, supposed 
 to have died about 1690, is said to have studied for some 
 time at the University of Cambridge. Whilst yet young 
 he travelled on the continent, and on his return devoted 
 some time to legal pursuits. But, like Tom D'Urfey, whom 
 in many points he greatly resembled, he soon forsook the 
 Law for the Drama. In 1664 he produced his comedy of 
 The Comical Revenge; or, Love in a Tub, 1664, '68, '69, 
 71, '89, '90, '93, 4to. This piece was successful, and intro 
 duced him into the society of a set of dissolute idlers who 
 then disgraced English society the Earl of Dorset, the 
 Duke of Buckingham, Lord Rochester, Sir Charles Sedley, 
 Ac. He next brought out the comedy of She Would if 
 She Could, 1668, '71, '89, '90, '93, 4to. This was succeeded 
 by his best- known piece, the comedy of The Man of Mode; 
 or, Sir Fopling Flutter, 1676, 4to; 1715, 8vo. 
 
 " It is perhaps the most elegant comedy, and contains more of 
 the real manners of high life than any one the English stage was 
 ever adorned with." Biog. Lh-amat. 
 
 " Sir George Etherege was as thorough a fop as ever I saw; he 
 was exactly his own Sir Fopling Flutter. And yet he designed 
 Dorimant, the genteel rake of wit, for his own picture." L. See 
 Spence's Anecdotes. 
 
 In 1722, 8vo, appeared a Defence of the Comedy of Sir 
 Fopling Flutter. He pub. a short prose piece entitled An 
 Account of the Rejoycing at the Diet of Ratisbonne, per 
 formed by Sir George Etherege, Knight, Ac., Savoy, 1688. 
 Works, containing his Plays and Poems, Lon., 1704, 8vo. 
 Sir George was resident minister at Ratisbon, and it is said 
 that after a gay evening party given by him in that city, 
 he fell down stairs and broke his neck while taking leave 
 of his guests. Gibbon, indeed, asserts that he returned to 
 England after the Revolution, and died there. The ac 
 counts also differ as regards the manner in which he came 
 to be knighted; but these are matters of small moment. 
 He seems to have been equally devoid of principle and 
 careless of propriety, without any just sense of religion or 
 morality, and one of those abandoned writers who, by 
 public proclamation of their licentiousness and indecency, 
 may be truly said to "glory in their shame." 
 
 Even the Biog. Dramat. by no means a rigid critic 
 acknowledges that 
 
 "His works have not escaped censure, on account of that licen 
 tiousness which in the general runs through them, which renders 
 them dangerous to young, unguarded minds; and the more so for 
 the lively and genuine wit with which it is gilded over, and which 
 has therefore justly banished them from the purity of the present 
 stage." Vol. L, Part 1, 223. 
 
 Would that of such troubles to society we had seen the 
 last! 
 
 Etherington, Rev. George. General Cautions in 
 the Cure of Fevers, Lon., 1760, 8vo. This is a compila 
 tion from the writings of Dr. Huxbam and other eminent 
 physicians. 
 
 " Such a compilation, however judicious, can avail but little in 
 5?ee S?i* 28**" f f * regular medical education." ion. Monthly 
 
 Etherington, George F., M.D. 1. Essays, Medi 
 cal and Scientific, Lon., 1841, 12mo. 2. Vivisection Vindi 
 cated, 1842, 8vo. 
 
 "Dr. Etherington, by the labour he has bestowed, the keen 
 observation, and calm, critical judgment, has evidently proved 
 himself a man of talent," &c. Nottingham Review. 
 
 Etherington, Thomas. Fast Serm., 1808, 8vo. 
 
 Ethryg, or Etheridge, or, in Latin, Edrycus, ad 
 mitted of Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf., 1534, was made Pro 
 bationer Fellow in 1539, and Regius Prof, of Greek in 
 1553. Acta Henrici Octavis Carmine Greco. Eneidos, 
 Ac., 1553, 8vo. He trans, the Psalms into Hebrew verse, 
 trans, the works of Justin Martyr into Latin, and pub. a 
 vol. of Commentaries on Paulus JSginete, 1688, 8vo. He 
 was a zealous Roman Catholic, and had under his charge 
 a number of youth of his own persuasion. 
 
 "Esteemed a noted mathematician, well skilled in vocal and 
 Instrumental music, an eminent Hebritian, Grecian, and poet. 
 and, above all, an excellent physician. . . John Leland who 
 
 1. A Survey of the Turkish Empire, Lon., 1798, '99, 1801. 
 '09, 8vo. 
 
 " A work remarkable for nothing but the enthusiasm with which 
 the author maintains the necessity of bringing about the restora 
 tion of the Greeks." Lowndes's Bill. Man. 
 
 2. Materials for Hist, of People of Malta, pub. in NOB., 
 1802-07, 8vo. 3. Commerce and Navigation of the Black 
 I Sea, 1806, 8vo ; anon. 4. Letter on the Political Relations 
 of Russia, 1807, 8vo. 
 
 Etongh, Henry, Rector of Therfield, Hertfordshire. 
 Letter to the Author of Christianity not founded on Argu 
 ment, Lon., 1742, 8vo., pp. 43. 
 
 Ettrick, Henry. Surg. con. to Phil. Trans., 1740. 
 
 Ettrick, Rev. W. 1. The Second Exodus, Lon., 
 1810, 2 vols. 8vo; 1811-12, 3 vols. 8vo; 1815, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 2. The Season and Time, 1816, 8vo. These works relate 
 to Scriptural prophecy. 
 
 Euderbie. See ENDERBIE, PERCY. 
 
 Euer, or Ever, Sampson, King's Attorney in the 
 Marches of Wales, and King's Serjeant Doctrina Placi- 
 tandi, ou 1'art et science de Bon Pleading, Lon., 1677, 4to: 
 Dubl., 1791, 8vo. 
 
 "The good sense and sound logick of modern times has substi 
 tuted for the artificial pedantry and narrow maxims of the dark ages 
 of the law, rules which commend themselves to all men by their in- 
 trinsick propriety and excellence for deciding contested rights. The 
 best ancient treatise on the subject is Mr.Euer's Doctrina Placitandi, 
 a book which Lord Chief Justice Willes pronounced in his time 
 to contain more law and learning than any other book he knew, 
 (2 Wils. R. 88 ;) yet what is this, when compared with the finished 
 elementary and practical treatises of Mr. Lawes or Mr. Cbitty? 
 It were indeed desirable that modern pleaders should endeavour 
 to imitate more generally the pointed brevity and precision of 
 Rastall's Entries, and waste fewer words in their drafts of decla 
 ration-. which 
 
 ' Like a wounded snake drag their slow length along.' 
 "It might not be useless for them to consider, that the great aim 
 ought to be, not how much, but how little, may be inserted with 
 professional safety." JUDGE STORY, in a review of Hoffman 't Leaal 
 Study, N. Amer. Jfev., 645-78, Nm). 1817. 
 
 Let every member of the legal profession carefully peruse 
 this valuable paper. 
 
 A system of Pleading, including a Trans, of the Doctrina 
 Placitandi, By a Gentleman of the Middle Temple, 1771, 4to. 
 
 Eunson, G. The Ancient and Present State of Ork 
 ney, and Poems, Newc. upon Tyne, 1788, 12mo. 
 
 Eusden, Lawrence, d. 1730, a son of the Rev. Dr. 
 Eusden, Rector of Spotsworth, Yorkshire, after receiving 
 his education at Trin. Coll., Camb., went into orders, and 
 was for some time chaplain to Richard, Lord Willoughby 
 de Broke. He found warm friends in Lord Halifax, whose 
 poem On the Battle of the Boyne he trans, into Latin, and 
 in the Duke of Newcastle, whose marriage to Lady Godol- 
 phin he celebrated in an Epithalamium, which raised the 
 author to the laureateship in 1718. He pub. a number of 
 occasional poems, contributed a few pieces to the Spectator 
 and Guardian, and left in MS. a trans, of the works of 
 Tasso, with a life of the poet Some specimens of his 
 poetical abilities will be. found in Nichols's Poems. Of 
 course he did not wear the honours of the laurel without 
 eliciting the enmity of his brother poets. Pope put him 
 in the Dunciad, Oldmixon attacked him in his Art of Logic 
 and Rhetoric, and Cooke thus refers to him in The Battle 
 of the Poets : 
 
 " Eusden, a laurel'd bard, by fortune rais'd,. 
 By few been read, by fewer still been praia'd." 
 
 We are sorry to learn, from a letter of Gray's to Mason, 
 that Eusden injured his mind by the great enemy of poets 
 the "generous bottle." The Duke of Buckingham, in 
 his Session of the Poets, implies that the fame of the poet- 
 laureate was rather circumscribed : 
 
 ' In rushed Ensden, and cried, Who shall have it 
 But I, the true laureat. to whom the king gave it?' ' 
 Apollo begg'd pardon, and granted hi claim, 
 But vow'd that till then he ne'er had heard his name " 
 
 Eustace, Evans. Serms., 1747, 4to. 
 
 Eustace, John Chetwode, a R. Catholic divine, 
 travelled in Italy in the capacity of a tutor. He died of a 
 fever at Naples, 1815, whilst making a second tour through 
 Italy. 1. Elegy to Burke, 1797, 4to. 2. Answer to the 
 Charge of the Bp. of Lincoln, 1813, 4to. 3. Classical Tour 
 through Italy, Lon., 1813, 2 vols. 4to; 4th ed., 1815, 4 vols. 
 8vo; 6th ed., with addits., 1821, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 ^''^"^f 8 ^ W0rk fa Tery ful1 and minnt n the subject 
 which the title indicates. It is written in good taste, but in 
 rather a prolix style; bis statement*, however, are not always to 
 
 ' Scripsisti, juvenis, multa cum laude Hbellos, 
 Qni regi eximie perplacuere meo.' " Atf.en. Oxm. 
 JSton, Win., long a resident in Turkey and Russia. 
 
 "One of the most inaccurate and trasatfc&ctory writers that 
 have in our times attained a temporary reputation." Si* Jomr 
 CAM HOBHOUSI:. 
 
 Yet the tour of Mr. Eustace is well worth perusal, and 
 the reader should then take up A Classical Tour through 
 
EUS 
 
 EVA 
 
 Italy and Sicily tending to illustrate some Districts which 
 have not been described by Mr. Eustace in his Classical 
 Tour by Sir Richard Colt Hoare, Bart, 1819, 2 vols. 4to. 
 An ed. in 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "It has been a topic of general regret in the literary world, that 
 Mr. Eustace did not live to furnish the Supplementary Volume to 
 his Classical Tour, so as to form a complete work on the present 
 and past state of Italy, for which he was engaged in collecting 
 materials at the period of his premature decease. But what Mr. 
 Eustace did not live to accomplish, Sir Richard Colt Hoare has 
 executed, and in such a manner as, it is hoped, will be at once 
 acceptable to the public, and gratifying to the numerous friends 
 of Mr. Eustace, as a tribute of respect to his genius and of affec 
 tion to his memory." 
 
 4. Letters from Paris to George Petre, Esq. 
 
 Eustace, John Skey, d. 1805, aged 45, a military 
 officer during the American Revolution, after the war re 
 sided for some time in Georgia, where he received the 
 appointment of Adjutant-General. In 1794 he visited 
 France, and, entering the army, became Major-General. 
 In 1797 he commanded a division of the French Army in 
 Flanders. He returned to America in 1800, and, settling 
 in Orange county, N. York, devoted his attention to lite 
 rary pursuits until his death in 1805, at Newburgh. Ac 
 count of his Exile from the Kingdom of Great Britain by 
 order of the Duke of Portland, Lon., 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Eustace, Sir Maurice. 1. Letter from rel. to Irish 
 Parliament, Lon., 1642, 4to. 2. Letter from rel. to Ireland, 
 1642, 4to. 
 
 Evance, Daniel. Serm., Lon., 1646; do., 1695, 4to. 
 Ivsta Honoraria ; or, Funeral Rites in honour of Robert, 
 Earl of Essex, 1646, 4to, in verse. 
 
 Evance, Miss S. Poems, 1808, Svo. 
 
 Evander, John. A Voyage round the World; or, A 
 Pocket Library, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Evanke, George, incumbent of Ayton Magna, York 
 shire, ejected for Nonconformity, 1662. Serm., 1663, 4to. 
 
 Evans, Abel, of St. John's Coll., Oxf., enjoyed great 
 reputation as an epigrammatist. Some of his poems will be 
 found in Nichols's Select Collection. See especially the 
 satire on Tindal, entitled The Apparition, and Vertumnus, 
 an Epistle to Mr. Jacob Bobart, 1713. Evans is mentioned 
 in the Dunciad, and he is classed among the Oxford wits 
 in the following couplet: 
 "Alma novem genuit celebres Rhedycina poetas; 
 
 But Stubb, Cobb, Crabb, Trapp, Young, Carey, Tickell, Evans." 
 
 Evans, Rev. Alfred Bowen. Christianity in its 
 Homely Aspects, 1852, 12mo. 
 
 Evans, Arise, or Rice, or, according to Wood, John, 
 was a Welsh conjurer and astrologer, of whom many won 
 derful stories have been related. Watt enumerates nine 
 pieces of his, and Wood refers to some almanacs, Ac. See 
 Bibl. Brit., Athen. Oxon., and Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. 
 Bishop Warburton treats Evans as a prophet, and in 
 1751 (12mo) pub. An Account of the Prophecies of Arise 
 Evans, the Welsh Prophet, in the last century. This 
 publication injured the bishop's literary reputation con 
 siderably. 
 
 Evans, Arthur B. Serms. on the Christian Life and 
 Character, Lon., 1832, 8vo. 
 
 " There is a strength and vigour in his delineations, and an effi 
 caciousness in his arguments, which will bear comparison with 
 the most splendid specimens of our old, sterling, matter-of-fact 
 theologians." Lon. Vhris. Rememb. 
 
 Other works. 
 
 Evans, C. See EVANS, OLIVER. 
 
 Evans, Caleb, D.D., 1737-1791, a Baptist minister, 
 a native of Bristol, England, pub. several serms., &c., and 
 some pieces on the war between Great Britain and the 
 American Colonies. See Watt's Bibl. Brit., and Rich's 
 Bibl. Amer. Nova. 
 
 A Letter to the Rev. John Wesley, occasioned by his 
 Calm Address to the American Colonies; new ed,, Lon., 
 1775, 12mo; 1st ed. pnb. under the signature of America- 
 nus. A sup. to 1st ed., by another party, was pub. in 1775. 
 A Reply to the Rev. Mr. Fletcher's Vindication of Rev. 
 Mr. Wesley's Calm Address, Bristol, 1776, 12mo. 
 
 "Mr. Evans is a lively and sensible advocate for the freedom 
 of the colonies, a spirited controvertist, and a zealous asserter of 
 those liberal and noble principles to which we were indebted for the 
 glorious revolution," &c. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, 1776, No. 79. 
 
 Evans, Charles. Trial of Judge Chase, Bait, 1805, 
 8vo. 
 
 Evans, Christmas. Serms.; a new trans, from the 
 Welsh ; and Memoir of, by Rev. Joseph Cross, Phila., 1854, 
 8vo. Memoirs of, by D. Phillips, N. York. Memoirs of 
 by D. R. Stephen, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 Evans, D. L., Lt.-Col., is the signature appended to 
 Facts relating to the Capture of Washington, <fcc Lon 
 1829, 8vo. 
 564 
 
 Evans, David. Serm., 1808, 8vo. 
 
 Evans, Mrs. E. H. Poems, with a Preface by her 
 brother, the Rev. Thomas H. Stockton, Phila., 1851, 12mo. 
 
 Evans, Edmund C., M.D. Trans, from the French, 
 General Notions of Chemistry, by J. Pelouze and E. Fremy, 
 Phila., 1854, 12mo. 
 
 Evans, Edward. Sub. of 4 Serms., Oxon., 1615, 4to. 
 
 Evans, Evan, 1730-1790, a Welsh divine and poet, 
 was educated at Jesus Coll., Oxf. Dissertatio de Bardis; 
 or, Some Specimens of the Poetry of the Ancient Welsh 
 Bards, trans, into English, with Notes, &c. The Love of 
 Our Country; a Poem, with Hist. Notes, 1772, 4to. Some 
 of his pieces are in the Diddaniock Tenluaidd. He trans, 
 two vols. of Serms., by Tillotson and others, into Welsh. 
 
 Evans, Rev. G. W. D. 1. Classic and Connoisseur 
 in Italy and Sicily, with an abridged trans, of Lanzi's 
 Storia Pittorica, Lon., 1835, 3 vols. 8vo. This work should 
 be added to the classical tours of Eustace and Hoare, (vide 
 ante.) 2. Lanzi's Luminaries of Painting, trans, and 
 abridg. from the Italian, 1848, p. 8vo. 
 
 Evans, Hugh. Serms., 1773, '81. 
 
 Evans, Hugh Davy, LL.D., b. 1792, in Baltimore. 
 1. Essay on Pleading, Bait., 1827, 8vo. 2. Maryland 
 Common-Law Practice, 1839, 8vo. 3. Essays to Prove 
 the Validity of Anglican Ordinations, 1844, 12mo. 4. 
 Second Series, 1851, 2 vols. 5. Essay on the Episcopate 
 of the Prot. Epis. Church of the U.S. of America, Phila., 
 1855, 12mo. Ed. of and contrib. to several Epis. journals. 
 
 Evans, Israel, d. 1817, aged 59, minister of Concord, 
 N. Hampshire, was a native of Pennsylvania, where his 
 father and grandfather were divines. He graduated at 
 Princeton College, 1772, was ordained, 1776, and served 
 in the Revolutionary War as chaplain ; minister at Con 
 cord, 1789-97. He pub. three sermons and an oration, 
 1780, '83, '91, Ac. 
 
 Evans, J. Conjugation of French Verbs, Lon., 1795, 
 8vo. 
 
 Evans, James Harrington, 1785-1849, Baptist 
 minister of John Street Chapel, London. 1. Dialogues 
 on the Trinity, Lon., 1819, 8vo. Subsequently disapproved 
 of and suppressed by the author. 2. Letters to a Friend, 
 12mo. 3. Serms. on the Spirit of Holiness, 4th ed., 1859, 
 12mo. 
 
 " Every page is calculated to awaken prayer and holy meditation. 
 We cordially recommend it." Lon. Christian Lady's Mag. 
 
 4. Letters, 32mo. 5. Serm., 1837.- 6. Psalms and Hymns, 
 ISmo. 7. Checks to Infidelity, 1840, 18mo. See notices 
 in Lon. New Method. Mag., and the Evangel. Mag. 8. 
 Vintage Gleanings, 1849, r. 32mo; 2d ed., 1850. Memoirs 
 and Remains of, by his son, the Rev. J. J. Evans, 1852, Svo. 
 
 Evans, John. Almanacke for 1631, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 Evans, John. The Universall Medicine; or, Vertues 
 of the Antimoniall Cup, Lon., 1634, 12mo. 
 
 Evans, John, Rector of St. Ethelborough, London. 
 Serm. on Phil. iv. 5, 1682, 4to. 
 
 Evans, John, D.D., 1680-1730, a dissenting divine, 
 a native of Wrexham, Denbigh shire, became assistant, and 
 subsequently successor, to Daniel Williams, in London. 
 He pub. occasional serms., letters, <fec., 1704-27, but is best 
 known by Discourses concerning the Christian Temper: 
 38 Serms., 4th ed., 1729, 2 vols. Svo; 1738, '52, '55, '70, 
 1802, '12, with Life, by Dr. John Erskine, 1825, Svo. Few 
 works have been so highly commended. 
 
 " That most excellent Treatise called Christian Temper, which 
 my worthy friend Dr. Evans hath sent abroad, and which is, per 
 haps, the most complete summary of those duties which make up 
 the Christian life, that hath been published in our age." Dr. 
 Watts' s Sermons. 
 
 " Evans's style is grave, plain, manly, and nervous. His Chris 
 tian Temper is one of the best practical pieces in our language." 
 
 DR. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 " A course of excellent sermons on that subject." Dr. E. Wil 
 liams' s C. P. 
 
 "His sermons fully discuss various points of Christian temper; 
 not enough of the Saviour in them." Bicltersteth' 's C. S. 
 
 Evans, John. The Case of Kneeling at the Holy 
 Sacrament stated and resolved, Pt. 1, Lon., 1683, 4to; Pts. 
 1 and 2, 1684, '85, 4to. Serm., 1695, Svo, on the Death of 
 Queen Mary. 
 
 Evans, John, of Elwell. Serm., 1718, Svo. 
 
 Evans, John. Serm., Lon., 1751. 
 
 Evans, John. Cyssondel y Pedair Effengyl; gyd ag 
 agoriad hyrra Nodau Athrawas; or, A Harmony of the 
 Four Gospels; in Welsh. With an Expos., Annot., and 
 Introduc., Lon., 1764, Svo. 
 
 Evans, John, M.D. The Bees, a Poem, Lon., 1806- 
 13, 4to. Con. to Med. Com., 1778-85. 
 
 Evans, John. 1. Tour through part of North Wales 
 I in 1798 and at other Times, Lon., 1800, 8vo. 2. Letters 
 
EVA 
 
 written during a Tour through South Wales in 1803 and 
 at other Times, 1804, 8vo. 
 
 " These works are valuable for botanical information as well as 
 for descriptions of scenery, manners, agriculture, manufactures, 
 antiquities, &c., and for mineralogy." Stevenson's Voyages and 
 Travels. 
 
 3. A Discourse, 1804, 8vo. 4. The Ponderer; a series of 
 Essays, 1812, 12mo. 5. Remains of Mr. Reed, with Life, 
 <fcc., 1816, 8vo. 
 
 Evans, John, LL.D., 1767-1827, a Baptist minister, 
 a native of Usk, Monmouthshire, was from 1792 to 1827 
 pastor of a congregation of General Baptists, Worship St., 
 London. He pub. many serms., theolog. and other works, 
 for a list of which, see Watt's Bibl. Brit., and Gent. Mag., 
 xcvii., Pt. 1, 369. In 1797 he pub. An Attempt to account 
 for the Infidelity of the late Mr. Gibbon; founded on his 
 own Memoirs, 8vo. His best-known work is A Brief Sketch 
 of the different Denominations into which the Christian 
 World is divided, 1794, 12mo. From this date to the death 
 of the author fourteen eds., comprising 100,000 copies, were 
 sold. The 15th ed. was revised by the author immediately 
 before his death, and pub. in the same year, 18mo. The 
 18th ed. was pub. in 1841, fp. 8vo. It has been trans, into 
 Welsh, and various continental languages, and several eds. 
 have been pub. in the United States of America. Unfor 
 tunately the author sold the copyright for only ten pounds ! 
 " But his friends have administered to him a negative consola 
 tion, by reminding him that a similar sum was paid for the copy 
 right of Watts's Hymns, as well as of that gigantic product of hu 
 man genius, Paradise Lost." Author's dedication of the lith ed. to 
 Lord Erskine. 
 
 A correction is required here, which we leave to the reader 
 to supply. 
 
 In 1825, 8vo, was pub. a collection of Dr. Evans's Ser 
 mons, Funeral Orations, and Tracts. 
 
 " We rejoice to see the diffusion of works breathing such a catho 
 lic spirit towards the several denominations of Christians, and such 
 a benevolent temper towards all the human race." ion. Mon. Rep. 
 Evans, Katherine. Sufferings of K. E. and Sarah 
 Chevers in the Inquisition at Malta, 1662, 4to. History 
 of the Voyage of K. E. and S. C. to Malta, with their Suf 
 ferings in the Inquisition there for near four Years, 1715. 
 Evans, Lewis. Theolog. treatises, 1565-1621. 
 Evans, Lewis, d. 1756, a surveyor in Pennsylvania, 
 Map of the Middle Colonies, Ac., 1749; 2d ed., 1755, 
 Geograph., Hist., Polit., Philos., and Mechanical Essays, 
 2d ed., Phila., 1755, 4to; do., No. II., Lon., 1756, 4to. A 
 new ed. of Evans's Map was pub. in 1776 by Mr. Pownall 
 Evans, Nathaniel, 1742-1767, a minister in New 
 Jersey, was a native of Philadelphia. Poems on severa" 
 occasions, a serm., <fec., 1772. Account of T. Godfrey 
 prefixed to Godfrey's Poems. 
 
 Evans, Oliver, 1755-1819, a native of Pennsylvania 
 was a descendant of Evan Evans, D.D., the first Episcopa 
 minister of Philadelphia, who died in 1728. Mr. Evani 
 had an iron foundry, steam mill, <fcc., and made several im 
 provernents in mechanics. The Young Engineer's Guide 
 1805. Miller and Millwright's Guide, 1797, 1807, 25 plates 
 14th ed., with addits. and corrections by Thomas P. Jones 
 with a description of an improved Merchant Flour Mill 
 by C. and 0. Evans, Phila., 1853, 8vo. 
 
 Evans, R. H. Old Ballads, Historical and Narrative 
 Ac., with Notes. Collected by Thomas Evans, Lon., 1777 
 2 vols. 8vo ; 1784, 12mo. Revised by his eon, R. H. Evans 
 1810, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Evans, Robert. Serm., 1771, 4to. 
 Evans, Robert. The Dream; or Noble Cambrians 
 1801, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Evans, Robert H. A Letter on the Expediency o 
 a Reform in Parliament, Lon., 1817, 8vo. 
 
 Evans, Robert Wilson, Rural Dean, Vicar of He 
 versham, and late Fellow of Trin. Coll., Camb. Biograph 
 of the Early Church, 1st and 2d series, Lon., 1839, 12mo 
 Serms., 1830, 8vo. Serms., 1832, 8vo. Tales of the An 
 cient British Church, 2ded., 1841, 12mo. Parochial Serms 
 1844, 2 vols. 12mo; 2d ed., 1845, '46, 2 vols. 12mo. Bish 
 opric of Souls, 3d ed., 1844, 12nio. 
 " Earnest and awakening, but with partial views." Bicktrsteih. 
 
 as. 
 
 Ministry of the Body, 1847, 12mo; 2d ed., 1851, fp. 8v< 
 Parochial Sketches in Verse, 1850, 12mo. Rectory of Vale 
 head, 15th ed., 1852, 12mo. 
 
 " Universally and cordially do we recommend this delightfu 
 Tolume. We believe no person could read this work and not b< 
 the better for its pious and touching lessons. Lon. Literary Ga 
 
 Mr. Evans has written a number of other useful work 
 
 Evans, Smith. Geology Made Easy : a Coloured Cha 
 of the Strata pierced by the Artesian Well at Pentonville 
 shewing the various Strata upon which London is built, 
 commonly known as the London Basin, Lon., 1851. 
 
 EVA 
 
 "This Chart, which is 15 by 22 inches in size, shews the order in 
 hich the different strata of the earth lie upon each other, with 
 icir character, localities, and organic remains; a section of the 
 rtesian Well, and of the London Basin, and representations of 
 he fossils found in the deposits. It may be considered a good 
 mpendium of the geological information of the present day." 
 Evans, Theophilus. Drych y Prif (Esoedd, (Mir- 
 our of the Days of Yore,) 1716, 12mo. Highly commended, 
 ^ow a rare volume. 
 
 Evans, Theophilus. The History of Modern En- 
 husiasrn, from the Reformation to the present time, Lon., 
 752, 8vo. 
 
 Evans, Thomas. (Edipus, in three Cantos, 16-5. 
 Evans, Thomas. Refutation of Linguet's Memoirs 
 if the Bastile, 1783, 8vo. Letter to Earl of Sandwich, 1791. 
 Evans, Thomas, 1742-1784, an intelligent bookseller 
 )f London, pub. a collection of Ballads, (see EVANS, R. H.,) 
 and issued new eds., with dedications, of a number of 
 valuable works. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes ; Gent 
 Mag., 1784. 
 
 Evans, Thomas. Cambrian Itinerary, Lon., 1801, 
 vo. Hist, of the Ancient Britons. In Welsh, 1804, '10, 
 12mo. Eng. and Welsh Vocabulary ; with a Welsh Gram 
 mar by Thomas Richards, 1804, '10, 12mo. An ed. by 
 Win. Evans, Carmarthen, 1771, 8vo. 
 
 Evans, Thomas, of Philadelphia. Exposition of 
 the Faith of the Society of Friends. Selected from their 
 early writings, Phila., 1828, 8vo; Lon., 1829, 8vo. 
 
 Evans, VV. J., M.D. The Sugar Planter's Manual, 
 Lon., 1847, 8vo. 
 
 ' Dr. Evans's masterly work is full of the most valuable infor- 
 tion for the planter, and will certainly become immediately the 
 ^xt-book and standard work of reference on sugar-manufacture. 
 [t should be in the hands of every overseer, book-keeper, and at 
 torney, who cannot fail to profit by a careful and frequent study 
 of its contents." Colonial Mag. 
 
 2. Treatise on Endemic Fevers of the West Indies, 8vo. 
 Evans, Win. Thamesiades, or Chastities Triumph, 
 1602, 8vo. 
 
 Evans, Win. Serm., Oxon., 1633, 4to. 
 Evans, Wm. Trans, of Grotius's Treatise concerning 
 the Law of War and Peace, Lon., 1715, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 The stores of erudition recommend it to the classical scholar, 
 while his happy application to human life draws to it the attention 
 of common readers." CHARLES BUTLER. 
 
 " Such richness and splendour of literature have a powerful 
 charm." MACKINTOSH. 
 
 Evans, Wm. David. 1. Salkeld's Reports K. B., 6th 
 ed., 1793, 3 vols. r. 8vo. 2. Money on Law of Insurances, 
 <fcc., 1802, 8vo. Edited by F. X. Martin, Newbern, 1802, 
 8vo. 3. Decisions of Lord Mansfield in Civil Causes, 1802, 
 2 vols. 4to. Arranged upon the plan of Blackstone. 4. Po- 
 thier on Law of Obligations, 1806, 2 vols. 5. Letter tp 
 Sir S. Romilly on the Revision of the Bankrupt Laws, 
 1810, 8vo. 6. Letters on the Disabilities of R. Catho 
 lics and the Dissenters, 1813, 8vo. 7. Practice of the C. 
 Pleas, Lancaster, Lon., 1814, 8vo. 8. Acts rel. to the Clergy, 
 with Notes, 1817, 8vo. 9. Collection of Statutes, 1818, 8 
 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., continued to 1835, by A. Hammond and 
 T. C. Granger, 1829-36, 10 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Evanson, Edward, 1731-1805, educated at Emanuel 
 Coll., Camb., became Vicar of South Minims in 1768, and 
 two years later Rector of Tewkesbury. In 1771 he was 
 prosecuted for some sentiments expressed by him in a ser 
 mon on the Resurrection, and in 1778 he resigned his liv 
 ings and became head of a school. Relieved from all 
 restraint, he soon evinced the most determined opposition 
 to several prominent doctrines of Christianity, and is 
 generally styled an infidel. 
 
 1. The Doctrines of a Trinity and Incarnation examined, 
 1772; anon. 2. Three Discourses, 1773, 8vo. 3. Letter to 
 Dr. Kurd on the Prophecies, 1777, '92, 8vo. 4. The Sab 
 bath, 1792, 8vo. 5. Dissonance of* the four generally re 
 ceived Evangelists, and the Evidence of their authenticity 
 examined, 1792, 8vo. Completely refuted by Thomas Fal 
 coner in his Certain Principles, <fec., 1811, 8vo. 6. Letters 
 to Dr. Priestley's Young Man, 1794, 8vo. 7. State of Re 
 ligion in Christendom, 1804, 8vo. 8. Second Thoughts on 
 the Trinity, 1805, 8vo. See Lon. Monthly Mag., 1805; 
 Gent. Mag., 1805; Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes. 
 
 Evanson, Rev. R. M. Evelyn's Rational Account 
 of the True Religion, now first pub. from the original MS. 
 in the library at Wotton, edited with Notes by R. M. E., 
 1850, 2 vols. p. 8vo. See EVELYN, JOHN. 
 
 Evanson, Wm. Alleyn, Lecturer of St. Luke's, Old 
 Street, London. Infidel Credulity, Lon., 1826, 8vo. Apo 
 logy for the Modern Theology of Protestant Germany; a 
 trans, of a Review of Mr. Rose's 'Discourses by Dr. Bret- 
 schneider, 1827, 8vo. See Dr. Pusey's work on the same sub 
 ject, and Mr. Rose's comments thereon. Trans, of Knittel'fl 
 
 565 
 
EVA 
 
 EVE 
 
 New Criticisms on 1 John v. 7, 1829, 8vo. See Michaelis's 1 
 Introduc. to the N. Test. ; Lon. Eclectic Rev., 3d Series, j 
 iii. 81; Home's Bibl. Bib.; Orme on the Heavenly Wit 
 nesses. . 
 
 Evarts, Jeremiah, 1781-1831, secretary of the Amer. 
 Bd. of Com. for Foreign Missions, a native of Vermont, 
 was from 1810-20 editor of The Panoplist, a religious and 
 literary monthly publication. He wrote 24 essays under 
 the signature of William, on the rights and claims of the 
 Indians, pub. in 1829. He edited the volume of Speeches 
 on the Indian Bill, and wrote the Introduction. See Dis 
 courses on Evarts, by Drs. Wood and Spring ; Miss. Herald, 
 Oct. and Nov., 1831; Memoirs of Jeremiah Evarts, Bos 
 ton, 1845, 8vo. 
 
 Evarts, Rev. W. W. 1. Bible Manual. 2. Pastor's 
 Hand-Book. 3. The Bible Prayer Book. 4. Scripture 
 School Reader; in conjunction with W. H. Wykoff. 
 
 Eveleigh, John, D.D., 1747-1814, Provost of Oriel 
 Coll., Oxf., and Preb. of Rochester. The Trinity, 1791, 8vo. 
 Serms. preached before the Univ. of Oxford, 1792, 8vo; 
 do., 1810, 8vo. Eight Sermons, preached at the Bampton 
 Lecture, 1792, 8vo. Plurality of Persons in the Godhead 
 proved, 1797, 8vo. Serm. on 27th Ps., 1806, 8vo. Serms. 
 before the Univ. of Oxford, with those at Bampton Lecture. 
 
 " He treats them [the topics] with a degree of weight and solidity 
 which shows that what he writes is the fruit of deep reflection, and 
 which arrests the attention of the considering reader. There is a 
 character of sound reasoning, a manner of sober discussion, which 
 never quits the author. One of his recommendations is the total 
 absence of all ostentatious display of erudition." Lon. Quarterly 
 Review. 
 
 Eveleigh, Josiah. Reply to Pierce, Lon., 1719, 8vo. 
 
 Eveline, Robert. Direction for Adventurers, and 
 true description of the healthiest, pleasantest, and richest 
 Plantation of New Albion, in North Virginia, in a letter 
 from Mayster Robert Eveline, that lived there many years, 
 1641, sm. 4to. Liber rarissimus. 
 
 Evelyn, Charles. Ladies' Recreation ; or, The Plea 
 sure and Profit of Gardening improved, Lon., 1707, '11, '19, 
 8vo. In German, Leipsic, 1756, 8vo. 
 
 Evelyn, Sir John. Report from the Committee rel. 
 to Lord Digby's Speech on the attainder of Strafford, 1641, 
 4to. 
 
 Evelyn, John, 1620-1705-6, was a son of Richard 
 Evelyn, of Wotton, in the county of Surrey, where John 
 was born on the 31st of October. After preparatory studies 
 at Lewes and Southover, he was placed in 1637 as a fellow 
 commoner at Balliol Coll., Oxf. He entered college, as he 
 tells us with much modesty, 
 
 " Rather out of shame of abiding longer at school than any fit 
 ness, as by sad experience I found, which put me to relearn all 
 that I had neglected, or but perfunctorily gained." 
 
 On leaving college he removed to the Middle Temple, 
 and had been there but a short time when he lost his father. 
 Anxious to see something of foreign countries, he deter 
 mined to visit the continent, whence he returned after an 
 absence of three months. In 1643 he again left home, and 
 for a number of years resided in France, and other parts 
 of Europe, occasionally making a short visit to England. 
 In January, 1651, '52 he settled permanently in the latter 
 country, residing at Say's Court, near Deptford, formerly 
 the seat of his father-in-law, Sir Richard Browne, British 
 resident at the court of France. 
 
 At the time of his marriage to Miss Browne, in 1647, at 
 Paris, she had not attained her 14th year, and seems to have 
 been a grateful and docile pupil in the course of education 
 prescribed by the groom, now in his 27th year, and one of 
 the most accomplished men of his day. She survived him 
 about three years, and thus commemorates his devotion : 
 
 " His care of rny education was such as might become a father, 
 a lover, a friend, and husband, for instruction; tenderness, affec 
 tion, and fidelity, to the Itist moment of his life, which obligation 
 I mention with a gratitude to his memory ever dear to me ; and I 
 must not omit to own the sense I have of my parents' care and 
 goodness in placing me in such worthy bands." 
 
 Indeed, the character of this excellent man, placed as 
 he was amidst the corrupting influence of a most unprin 
 cipled court, affords a delightful subject of contemplation 
 for all who venerate moral worth, in this case rendered 
 more conspicuous by intellectual eminence. Even with 
 the dissolute Charles and the contemptible crowd of cour 
 tiers who ministered to his vices, the learned, religious, 
 and accomplished Evelyn was an object of affection as well 
 as respect. They could not but admire and love an example 
 which they were content not to imitate. In the Biog. Brit., 
 and especially in his Diary and Correspondence, the reader ! 
 will find ample details respecting the useful life of one of i 
 the most estimable characters of literary history. 
 
 A list of many of the numerous works and translations 
 566 
 
 of Evelyn will be found in the Biog. Brit. We notice some 
 of the principal. 1. A character of England, purporting 
 to have been written by a French Nobleman, 1651, 16ino. 
 See Hallam's Introduc. to Lit. Hist. 2. Fumifugium; 
 or, The Inconvenience of the Air and Smoke of London 
 dissipated; together with some remedies humbly proposed. 
 This was addressed to Charles II., and pub. by his com 
 mand. 3. Tyrannus; or, The Mode, in a Discourse of 
 Sumptuary Laws, 1661, 8vo. 4. Sculptura; or, The His 
 tory and Art of Chalcography and Engraving on Copper; 
 with an ample enumeration of the most renowned Masters 
 and their Works, <fcc., 1662, 8vo; 2d ed., with Life of the 
 Author, 1755, 12mo. This work was written at the re 
 peated request of Robert Boyle. 5. Sylva; or, A Discourse 
 of Forest Trees, and the Propagation of Timber in his 
 Majesty's Dominions: to which is annexed Pomona; rel. 
 to Fruit Trees, 1664, fol. ; 2d ed., 1669; 3d ed., with addits. 
 and improvements, 1679, fol.; 4th ed., 1706, fol; 5th ed., 
 1729; new ed., by Dr. Hunter, of York, with Notes and 
 Engravings, 1776, 2 vols. 4to; 2d ed., to which Terra, a 
 Philosophical Discourse on Earth, is added, 1786, 2 vols. 4to; 
 4th improved ed., 1812, 2 vols. 4to; 5th improved ed.. 1825, 
 2 vols. 4to. This work was written by the command of, 
 and was the first book pub. by, the Royal Society. It was 
 elicited by certain 
 
 " Queries propounded to that illustrious assembly, the honour 
 able the principal Officers and Commissioners of the Navy." 
 
 Apprehensions were entertained that the cultivation of 
 large trees was so much neglected, that in a short time it 
 would be difficult or impossible to procure sufficient timber 
 for the purposes of the Navy. Evelyn made an earnest 
 appeal to the nation to treat this important subject with 
 due regard. His work was eminently successful. In the 
 new dedication to Charles II., 2d ed., 1669 5 years after 
 the publication of the 1st ed. Evelyn tells the king 
 
 "It has been the sole occasion for furnishing your almost ex 
 hausted dominions with more, I dare say, than two millions of 
 timber-trees, besides infinite others, which have been propagated 
 within the three nations, at the instigation and by the direction 
 of this work," &c. 
 
 The famous Dr. Wotton declares 
 
 " It may therefore, perhaps, be esteemed a small character of Mr. 
 Evelyn's discourse of forest-trees to say, that it out-does all that 
 Theophrastus and Pliny have left us on that subject; for it not 
 only does that and a great deal more, but contains more useful 
 precepts, hints, and discoveries, upon that now so necessary a part 
 of our Res Rustica, than the world had till then known, for all 
 the observations of former ages. To name others after him would 
 be a derogation to his performance." Reflections on Ancient and 
 Modern Learning. 
 
 " The ' Sylva' has no beauties of style to recommend it, and none 
 of those felicities of expression by which the writer stamps upon 
 your memory his meaning in all its force. Without such charms, 
 'Discourse of Forest Trees, and the Propagation of Timber in his 
 Majesty's Dominions' might appear to promise dry entertainment; 
 but he who opens the volume is led on insensibly from page to 
 page, and catches something of the delight which made the author 
 enter with his whole heart and all his faculties into the subject. 
 ... It is a great repository of all that was then known concerning 
 the forest trees of Great Britain, their growth and culture, and 
 their uses and qualities, real or imaginary ; and he has enlivened 
 it with all the pertinent facts and anecdotes which occurred to 
 him in his reading." ROBERT SOUTHEY : Lon. Quart. Review, xix. 47. 
 
 ""While Britain retains her awful situation among the nations 
 of Europe, the Sylva of Evelyn will endure with her triumphant 
 oaks. It was an author in his studious retreat, who, casting a 
 prophetic eye on the age we live in, secured the late victories of 
 our national sovereignty. Inquire at the Admiralty how the fleets 
 of Nelson have been constructed, and they can tell you that it was 
 with the oaks which the genius of Evelyn planted." Disraeli's 
 Curiosities of Literature. 
 
 " John Evelyn did perhaps more than any of our early writers 
 to promote and strengthen that taste for rural occupations, among 
 the enlightened classes, which has now happily become a national 
 characteristic." 
 
 "Say's Court was afterwards the residence of the celebrated 
 Evelyn, whose ' Sylva' is still the manual of British planters, and 
 whose life, manners, and principles, as illustrated in his Memoirs, 
 ought equally to be the manual of English gentlemen." SIR 
 WALTER SCOTT: Kenilworth. 
 
 " A diligent perusal of this noble work may animate our nobility 
 and gentry to improve their estates by the never-failing methods 
 therein recommended. All persons, indeed, who are owners of 
 land, may find infinite delight, as well as profit, in this book." 
 British Critic. 
 
 " Among the advantages of the present splendid edition [5th im 
 proved ed.. 1825, 2 vols. 4to] are the copious and valuable notes 
 of the learned editor, which, alone, would constitute a very con 
 siderable volume of miscellaneous extracts, observations, and anec 
 dotes, on the nature, properties, culture, and uses of the great 
 variety of the trees here treated of: comprehending all the disco 
 veries and improvements which have been made since Mr. Evelyn's 
 time." Lon. Mantlily Review. 
 
 See Lon. Quar. Review, ix. 45. 
 
 6. A Parallel of the Ancient Architecture with the Mo 
 dern, 1664, fol.; 1669, 8vo; 3d ed., enlarged and corrected, 
 1697, 1733, fol.; with the addition of Sir Henry Wotton's 
 
EVE 
 
 Elements of Architecture. 7. Public Employment and an 
 Active Life preferred to Solitude, 1667, Svo. This is an 
 answer to Sir George MacKenzie on the other side of the 
 question. 8. History of Three late Famous Impostures, 
 1668, '69, Svo. 9. A Short and Plain Discourse, the chief 
 heads of the History of Trade and Navigation, their origin 
 and progress, 1674J Svo. Dedicated to the King. 
 
 " A brief and necessarily very imperfect sketch. It is introduced 
 by some observations on the advantages of commerce and naviga 
 tion, as exemplified in the instances of Holland, Venice, &c." 
 McCuMocUs Lit. of Polit. Econ. 
 
 10. Terra; a Philosophical Discourse of the Earth, re 
 lating to the culture and improvement of it, for Vegeta 
 tion, and the Propagation of Plants, 1675, fol. See notice 
 of SYLVA, ante. 11. Mundus Muliebris; or the Ladies' 
 Dressing Room unlocked, and her Toilette spread. In 
 Burlesque. Together with the Fop's Dictionary, 1690, 4to. 
 12. Nurnismata; a Discourse of Medals, ancient and mo 
 dern, 1697, fol. 
 
 "We might justly have expected whatever could have been de 
 sired on this subject, from the excellently-learned pen of Mr. Eve 
 lyn, had he bent his thoughts, as was believed, towards the consi 
 deration of our British coins as well as medals. It now appears 
 that his Numismata carried him no farther than those larger and 
 more choice pieces that are usually called by this latter name; 
 whereon, be has, indeed, treated with that accuracy and fineness 
 which become a gentleman and a scholar." Bishop Nicolsoris Eng. 
 Hi*t. Lib., 248. 
 
 13. Acetaria; or a Discourse of Sallets, 1699, Svo. This 
 was his last work. He contemplated several extensive 
 works A General History of all Trades, The Plan of a 
 Royal Garden, <fcc. which were never compiled ; see Biog. 
 Brit. A review of his agricultural works will be found in 
 Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Industrious to the last, he was but a short time before 
 his death busily employed in preparing the 4th ed. of Sylva 
 for the press. But the time had now arrived when he was 
 permitted to enter into that rest to which his heart had 
 ever fondly turned during the course of his long pilgrimage 
 on earth. He died Feb. 27, 1705-06, in the 86th year of 
 his age. All that was mortal of the aged Christian was 
 interred at Wotton, where his tombstone, by his direction 
 anxious to continue his usefulness even when no longer 
 able to bear a living testimony to the truth bears this in 
 scription : 
 
 " That, living in an age of extraordinary events and revolutions, 
 he had learned from thence this truth, which he desired might be 
 thus communicated to posterity : THAT ALL is VANITY WHICH is NOT 
 
 HONEST, AND THAT THERE IS NO SOLID WISDOM BDT REAL PIETY." 
 
 This is " the conclusion of the whole matter," and we 
 shall be wise, indeed, thoughtful reader, if we profit by the 
 lesson. 
 
 In 1825 Mr. Wm. Upcott, the well-known bibliographer, 
 pub. in a 4to vol. a collection of Evelyn's Miscellaneous 
 Writings on Morals, Horticulture, Art, Science, Com 
 merce, <fcc. many of which had become very rare. 
 
 " All these tempting topics we are compelled to fly from, with 
 many a lingering look, conscious that we have occupied a large, 
 though by no means an undue space, in affording our readers some 
 gusto of a volume upon which they may venture to make many a 
 hearty meal." British Critic. 
 
 In 1818, 2 vols. 4to, appeared Memoirs illustrative of the 
 Life and Writings of John Evelyn, Esq., comprising his 
 Diary from 1641 to 1705-06, and a Selection from his Fa 
 miliar Letters, 2d ed., 1819, 2 vols. 4to; 3d ed., 1827, 5 
 vols. Svo. New ed., 1850, 4 vols. Svo ; again, 1854, 4 vols. 
 Svo. To Mr. Bray, the intelligent editor of this work, and 
 to Mr. Upcott, his assistant, the public are largely indebted. 
 It has been truly remarked that 
 
 t; It is impossible to overrate the interest and value of a diary 
 and correspondence written by such a man as Evelyn, and in such 
 times as those of Charles I., Oliver Cromwell, Charles II., James 
 II., and William III." 
 
 " This work is a necessary companion to the popular histories of 
 our country to Hume, Hallam, Macaulay, and Lingard." 
 
 " Few, if any, similar publications of our own days more strongly 
 attracted public attention on their first appearance, or are likely to 
 retain a more permanent station in our national literature, than 
 the Diary of Evelyn, a man the more highly honoured and valued 
 as our acquaintance is permitted to become closer." British Critic. 
 
 To this work the reader must add The Diary and Cor 
 respondence of Samuel Pepys, and he may congratulate 
 himself upon the possession of treasures of no ordinary 
 character. 
 
 " We have never seen a mine so rich as the volumes before us." 
 SIR WALTER SCOTT. 
 
 In 1848, sm. Svo, was pub. by Bishop Wilberforce of Ox 
 ford, from the MS. of Evelyn, his Life of Mrs. Godolphin. 
 Now first pub. 
 
 " An exquisite book is this for the refined and educated reader. 
 How could it be otherwise, since the admirable Evelyn has seen 
 fit to present it to the world ? This little book cannot but be at 
 tended with many blessings on account of the purity of its tone 
 and purpose." Protestant Churchman. 
 
 EVE 
 
 In 1850, 2 vols. p. Svo, Rev. R. M. Evanson pub. from 
 the MS. of Evelyn his Rational Account of the True Re 
 ligion. Now first pub. 
 
 " As an epitome of all the later arguments against the infidelity 
 of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the History of Reli 
 gion is indeed invaluable." 
 
 Of this truly excellent man we may say, with a distin 
 guished critic : 
 
 " No change of fashion, no alteration of taste, no revolutions of 
 science, have impaired or can impair his celebrity. Satire, from 
 whom nothing is sacred, scarcely attempted to touch him while 
 living; and the acrimony of political and religious hatred, though 
 it spares not even the dead, has never assailed his memory." 
 ROBERT SOUTHEY : Lon. Quar. lieview, xix. 53. 
 
 During the evil days when unhallowed violence over 
 threw the throne and the altar, Evelyn was a sincere 
 mourner, and ministered to the necessities of those who 
 from a state of comparative opulence suddenly found them 
 selves reduced to straitness of bread and the melancholy 
 prospect of continued destitution. When that intrepid 
 champion of the truth, " of whom the world was not wor- 
 j thy" Jeremy Taylor was consigned to the cheerless 
 | walls of a prison, it was John Evelyn who not only ex 
 tended present relief, but settled upon him an annual al 
 lowance, that he might not be careful for the morrow. 
 From a letter of Evelyn's to this attached friend, written 
 in these troublous times, we give an extract which reflects 
 honour both upon the writer and the one addressed : 
 
 " For my part, I have learned from your excellent assistance to 
 
 j humble myselfe, and to adore the inscrutable pathes of the most 
 
 high : God and his Truth are still the same, though the founda- 
 
 j tions of the world be shaken. Redivivus can shut the Schooles 
 
 i indeede, and the Temples ; but he cannot hinder our private inter- 
 
 I courses and devotions, where the Breast is the Chappell and our 
 
 Heart is the Altar. Obedience founded in the understanding will 
 
 be the only cure and retraite. God will accept what remaines and 
 
 supply what is necessary." 
 
 Even the gossiping, worldly-minded, curiosity-hunting 
 Horace Walpole is betrayed with a generous, but very un- 
 ; fashionable, enthusiasm, when expatiating upon the cha 
 racter of Evelyn : 
 
 " His life, which was extended to eighty-six years, was a course 
 of enquiry, study, curiosity, instruction, and benevolence. The 
 I works of the Creator, and the mimic labours of the creature, were 
 all objects of his pursuit. He unfolded the perfection of the one, 
 ! and assisted the imperfection of the other. He adored from ex- 
 j amination; was a courtier that nattered only by informing his 
 ! prince, and by pointing out what was worthy for him to counte 
 nance ; and was really the neighbour of the gospel, for there was 
 no man that might not have been the better for him." Catalogue 
 of Engravers. 
 
 A celebrated author, of a very different stamp, bears the 
 same testimony, when acknowledging some communica 
 tion designed to aid an important literary undertaking: 
 
 " That most ingenious and virtuous gentleman, Mr. Evelyn, who 
 is not satisfied to have advanced the knowledge of this age by his 
 own useful and successful labours about planting and divers other 
 ways, but is ready to contribute every thing in his power to perfect 
 other men's endeavours." BISHOP BURNET : Hist, of the Reforma 
 tion. 
 
 We shall conclude our article with the tribute of one of 
 the most distinguished poets of his age : 
 
 " Happy art thou whom God does bless 
 With the full choice of thine own happiness; 
 And happier yet, because thou'rt blest 
 With prudence how to choose the best. 
 In books and gardens thou hast plac'd aright, 
 
 (Things which thou well dost understand, 
 And both dost make with thy laborious hand,) 
 
 Thy noble, innocent delight. 
 
 And in thy virtuous wife, where thou again dost meet 
 Both pleasures more refin'd and sweet, 
 The fairest garden in her looks, 
 And in her mind the wisest books: 
 Oh. who would change these soft yet solid joys 
 For empty shows and senseless noise 
 And all which rank ambition breeds, 
 Which seem such beauteous flowers, and are such pois'nous 
 
 weeds," Ac. Cowley's Garden. 
 
 Evelyn, John, 1654-55-1698, 3d son of the preced 
 ing, educated at Trin. Coll., Camb., was in 1690 made one 
 i of the chief clerks of the Treasury, and in 1691 was elected 
 ; a commissioner of the revenue in Ireland. 1. Trans, of 
 | Renatus Rapinus's Latin verses, Of Gardens, 1673, 8vo. 
 1 2. Trans of Plutarch's Life of Alexander the Great; in rol. 
 iv. of Plutarch's Lives, by several hands. 3. Hist, of two 
 Grand Visiers, Ac., 1677, Svo. A trans, from the French. 
 See Dryden's Miscellanies, and Nichols's Collection, for 
 some of his poems. 
 Ever, Sampson. See EUEB. 
 
 Everard of Winchester, temp. Stephen, wrote a 
 metrical trans, in Anglo-Norman of the Disticha of Dio- 
 nysius Cato. Helys of Winchester appears to have bor 
 rowed largely from this trans, in his own version of the 
 I Disticha, now in MS. in the British Museum. See Le Livre 
 ! des Proverbes Francais, par Le Roux de Lincy, Paris, 1842, 
 
EYE 
 
 EVE 
 
 12mo. Tome Second, pp. 359-375. Everard's Trans, of 
 the Distichs of Cato. Several other productions are as 
 cribed to Everard. See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit 
 
 Everard. Levellers of England, Lon., 1649, 4to. 
 
 Everard, Dr. Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus his 
 Divine Pomander, trans, out of the original into English, 
 Lon., 1657, 24mo. 
 
 Everard, Edmund, sometime under-secretary to the 
 French King. 1. Discourses on the Present State of the 
 Protestant Princes of Europe, Lon., 1679, fol. 2. The 
 great pressures and grievances of the Protestants in France, 
 1681, fol. 
 
 Everard, Edward, D.D. Preparatory Latin Gram 
 mar, Lon., 1843 j new ed., 1849, 12mo. 
 
 " It is admirably adapted for the purpose, and has our warmest 
 recommendations." Plymouth (Eng.) Herald. 
 
 Serm., 1844, 8vo. 
 
 Everard, Giles. Panacea, Lon., 1659, 8vo. 
 
 Everard, John. Britanno-Romanvs, sive Anglige- 
 narvm in Collegio Romano Vitae Ratio, Lon., 1611, 8vo. 
 
 Everard, John, D.D., a Calvinist divine, temp. 
 Charles I. Some Gospel Treasures, Lon., 1653, 8vo. 
 
 Everard, Thomas. Stereometry, Lon., 1684, 12mo. 
 
 Everard, W. Mercantile Book-Keeping, Lon., 1675. 
 
 Everardt, Job. Stenographia, Lon., 1658, 8vo. 
 
 Everest, Rev. Charles W., formerly of Meriden, 
 Connecticut, has pub. a number of poetical and other works. 
 1. Babylon j a Poem. 2. Hare Bell. 3. Moss Rose. 4. 
 The Memento. 5. The Snow Drop. 6. The Poets of Con 
 necticut. 7. Vision of Death, and other Poems. We may 
 cite his poem entitled Agriculture, as a beautiful picture 
 of the pleasures of a country life. Since 1842, Mr. Everest 
 has given nothing to the press. He now has charge of the 
 Rectory School at Haniden, Connecticut 
 
 Everett, Alexander Hill, 1790-1847, a native of 
 Boston, Massachusetts, was a son of the Rev. Oliver Eve 
 rett, and a descendant of Richard Everett, whose name 
 appears in the public records of Dedham, Massachusetts, 
 for the year 1630. Alexander was born in Boston on the 
 19th of March, 1790, and entered Harvard College in the 
 13th year of his age. In 1806 he graduated with the 
 highest honours ; and, after a year's experience as a teacher 
 in the Phillips Exeter Academy, commenced the study of 
 law in the office of John Quincy Adams, in Boston. In 
 1809 he accompanied Mr. Adams on his mission to Russia, 
 and resided at St. Petersburg and London until 1812. 
 Returning to the United States on the declaration of war 
 against Great Britain, he commenced the profession of the 
 law at Boston, but was soon induced to accept the office 
 of secretary of legation to the Netherlands. On the re 
 tirement of Mr. Eustis from that mission, in 1818, Mr. 
 Everett succeeded him as charge d'affaires, and retained 
 this post until 1824. In this year he returned to the United 
 States on leave of absence, and in the spring of 1825 was 
 appointed by President Adams minister to Spain. In 1829 
 he returned to the United States, and became proprietor 
 and editor of the North American Review, (1830-35,) to 
 which he had, during the editorship of his brother Edward, 
 been one of the most valuable contributors. From 1830 to 
 1835, Mr. Everett occupied a seat in the legislature of 
 Massachusetts, and during these years and a few following, 
 gave much of his time and thoughts to state and national 
 politics. In the winter of 1840 he resided as a confidential 
 agent of the U. S. Government in the Island of Cuba, and 
 whilst there was appointed President of Jefferson College, 
 Louisiana. He entered upon the responsible duties of this 
 post in June, 1841, but was soon obliged, by failing health, 
 to return to New England. 
 
 Upon the return of Mr. Caleb Gushing from his mission 
 to China, Mr. Everett was appointed minister plenipo 
 tentiary to that empire, and sailed for Canton July 4th, 
 1845. A severe attack of illness detained him for some 
 time at Rio Janeiro j and, hopeless of amendment, he re 
 turned home ; but in the summer of 1846 he was sufficiently 
 recovered to allow of a second attempt to reach his desti 
 nation. Arrived at Canton, it soon became evident that 
 his physical powers were too much prostrated to allow of 
 any reasonable hope of restoration, and he closed his eyes 
 in a strange land, June 28th, 1847. For the above facts, 
 and for the annexed lists of Mr. Everett's contributions to 
 various periodicals, Ac., we are indebted to Griswold's 
 Prose Writers of America. 
 
 Mr. Everett's first published compositions appeared in 
 The Monthly Anthology, the vehicle of communication 
 with the public of the Anthology Club of Boston, consist 
 ing of George Ticknor, William Tudor, Drs. Bigelow and 
 Gardener, Alexander H. Everett, and Rev. Messrs. Buck- 
 
 minster, Thacher, and Emerson. The Monthly Antho 
 logy, established by Phineas Adams, was pub. from 1803 
 to 1811. 
 
 The following list of Mr. Everett's publications presents 
 a very remarkable instance of versatility of talent and en 
 larged range of erudition. Politics and belles-lettres, 
 political economy and poetry, statistics and aesthetics sub 
 jects the least allied in character or criteria alternately 
 passed under the review of the "pen of the ready writer." 
 
 1. Europe ; or, A General Survey of the Political Situa 
 tion of the Principal Powers, with Conjectures on their 
 Future Prospects, London and Boston, 1822, 8vo. Trans 
 lated into German, French, and Spanish. The German 
 version was edited by Professor Jacobi. of the University 
 of Halle. 
 
 Mr. Everett devotes the first chapter of his work to an 
 explanation of the origin of the controversy between .God 
 win and Malthus. In the following lines he lays down a 
 position which opens at once a wide field of debate : 
 
 "It is, in fact, somewhat singular, that while the immediate 
 object of Godwin was to demonstrate the expediency of practical 
 reform, and that of Mr. Malthus to prove its inutility, the theories 
 of both these writers admit, on general grounds, of precisely the 
 same answer. While Godwin considers political institutions as 
 absolutely mischievous, Malthus affirms that they are completely 
 indifferent. The true answer to both is, that they are neither 
 mischievous nor indifferent, but extremely valuable; that the 
 origin of evil is not to be found in the existence of society not in 
 any supposed law of nature, which creates a necessity of perpetual 
 famine but in the primary constitution of the universe." 
 
 In the eleventh chapter the political economist will find 
 the author's explanation of the manner in which the state 
 of civilization affects the rate of wages, and of the fact that 
 the individual producer is not always remunerated in pro 
 portion to the increased wealth of the community. 
 
 He attacks the theory of Malthus as totally untenable, 
 and labours to prove that the increase of population is in 
 truth a principle not of scarcity, but of abundance. A re 
 view of this work by an eminent critic Jared Sparks, 
 LL.D. will be found in the N. American Review, xvii. 
 288-310. 
 
 2. New Ideas on Population, with Remarks on the Theo 
 ries of Godwin and Malthus, London and Boston, 1822 
 See Mr. E.'s correspondence upon the subject of political 
 economy with Professor George Tucker, of the University 
 of Virginia, pub. in 1845. 3. America; or, A general Sur 
 vey of the Political Situation of the several Powers of the 
 Western Continent, with Conjectures on their future Pros 
 pects, by a citizen of the United States, Phila., 1827, 8vo; 
 Lon., 1828, 8vo. 
 
 " The appearance of this work has been expected with no incon 
 siderable degree of interest. It was generally supposed that a 
 volume from the pen of the author of ' Europe,' whatever other 
 qualities it might possess, could scarcely fail of being an ingenious 
 and elegant production; and this expectation has been amply 
 verified in the present instance. We believe that this work will 
 be generally considered as a valuable accession to American lite 
 rature ; and it is by no means necessary, in order to appreciate its 
 merits in this respect, to coincide in all the opinions and views 
 which it contains. . . . The style in which the work is written 
 would alone warrant us in placing it, as a literary production, in 
 the highest rank of English classics. It is a style equally free from 
 the meretricious ornament so prevalent in our own country, and 
 from the colloquial roughness which distinguishes many of the 
 ablest British authors of the present time. . . . To our author and 
 to Washington Irving we are indebted for two of the most success 
 ful efforts which have been made in the present century to revive 
 the Attic elegance which distinguished the best writers of the days 
 of Addison." North American Review. 
 
 "This essay, however objectionable it may be to an Englishman 
 in several respects, is marked by ability of the very first order. 
 Since the publication of those admirable Dissertations which were 
 collected in The Federalist, we have not seen any political compo 
 sition from the pen of an American that can at all be compared 
 with this. The style is idiomatic and thoroughly English, formed 
 in our best school. We are often compelled to admire the beauty 
 of the periods when we are most disposed to differ from the senti 
 ments which they convey." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 4. Critical and Miscellaneous Essays, Series First, Bost, 
 1845, 12mo. 5. Series Second, 1847, 12mo. 6. Poems, 1845, 
 8vo. To Sparks's American Biography, Mr. Everett con 
 tributed the Life of Joseph Warren, in 1st Series, x. 91, 
 and the Life of Patrick Henry, in 2d Series, i. 207. 
 
 Mr. Everett's principal contributions to the North Ameri 
 can Review are on the following subjects: 1. French Dra 
 matic Literature. 2. Louis Bonaparte. 3. Private Life of 
 Voltaire. 4. Literature of the 18th Century. 5. Dialogue 
 on Representative Government, between Dr. Franklin and 
 President Montesquieu. 6. Bernardin de St. Pierre. 7. 
 Madame de Stae'l. 8. J. J. Rousseau. 9. Mirabeau. 10. 
 Schiller. 11. Chinese Grammar. 12. Cicero on Govern 
 ment 13. Memoirs of Madame Campan. 14. Degerando's 
 History of Philosophy. 15. Lord Byron. 
 
EVE 
 
 The following were written whilst in Spain : 
 
 16. McCulloch's Political Economy. 17. Authorship of 
 Gil Bias. 18. Baron de StaeTs Letters on England. 19. 
 Paraguay. 20. The Art of Being Happy. 21. Politics of 
 Europe. 22. Chinese Manners. 23. Irving's Columbus. 
 24. Definitions in Political Economy, by Malthus. 25. 
 Cousin's Intellectual Philosophy. 26. Canova. 
 
 The following were written whilst editor and proprietor 
 of the Review : 
 
 27. British Opinions on the Protecting System. 28. 
 Politics of Europe. 29. Tone of British Criticism. 30. 
 Stewart's Moral Philosophy. 31. The American System. 
 32. Life of Henry Clay. 33. Life and Writings of Sir 
 James Mackintosh. 34. Irving's Alhambra. 35. Nullifi 
 cation. 36. The Union and the States. 37. Hamilton's 
 Men and Manners in America. 38. Early Literature of 
 Modern Europe. 39. Early Literature of France. 40. 
 Progress and Limits of Social Improvement. 41. Origin 
 and Character of the Old Parties. 42. Character of Jeffer 
 son. 43. Dr. Channing. 44. Thomas Carlyle. 
 
 His principal contributions to the Democratic Review 
 are the following: 
 
 1. The Spectre Bridegroom, from Burger. 2. The Water 
 King; a Legend of the Norse. 3. The Grecian Gossips, 
 imitated from Theocritus. 4. The Worth of Woman, from 
 Schiller. 5. Enigma. 6 and 7. The Framers of the Con 
 stitution. 8. Mrs. Sigourney. 9. Sketch of Harro Har- 
 ring. 10. The Texas Question. 11. The Re-annexation 
 of Texas. 12. Contemporary Spanish Poetry. 13. Green- 
 ough's Statue of Washington. 14. The Young American. 
 15. The Malthusian Theory discussed in Letters to Pro 
 fessor George Tucker, of the University of Virginia. 16. 
 The Portress; a Ballad. 17. The Funeral of Goethe, from 
 Harro Barring. 
 
 The contributions to the Boston Quarterly Review were 
 chiefly, if not altogether, devoted to an exposition of the 
 questions connected with currency. Among Mr. Everett's 
 published orations are the following: 1. On the Progress 
 and Limits of the Improvement of Society. 2. The French 
 Revolution. 3. The Constitution of the United States. 
 4. State of Polite Literature in England and the United 
 States. 5. Moral Character of the Literature of the last 
 and present century. 6. Literary Character of the Scrip 
 tures. 7. Progress of Moral Science. 8. Discovery of 
 America by the Northmen. 9. German Literature. 10. Bat 
 tle of New Orleans. 11. Battle of Bunker Hill. 
 
 Everett, David, d. 1813, aged 44, editor of Boston 
 Patriot, and subsequently of The Pilot, was a native of 
 Princeton, Massachusetts, and graduated at Dartmouth 
 College in 1795. 1. Common Sense in Dishabille, or The 
 Farmer's Monitor, 1799. 2. Daranzel; a Tragedy, 1800. 
 3. Political Essays in the Boston Gazette, over the signa 
 ture of Junius Americanus. 
 
 Everett, Edward, one of the most distinguished ora 
 tors and scholars of modern times, born 1794, in Dorches 
 ter, near Boston, Massachusetts, is a younger brother of 
 ALEXANDER H. EVERETT : see ante. He entered Harvard 
 College at the age of 13, and graduated with distinguished 
 credit in 1811. After two years of preparatory study in the 
 divinity school in Cambridge, he was at the early age of 19 
 chosen to succeed the eloquent Buckminster, by whose 
 death the pulpit of the Brattle Street Church had been left 
 vacant. As a pulpit orator Mr. Everett soon attained that 
 distinction which he has invariably acquired in every de 
 partment of life which he has successively occupied. An 
 extract from a letter of the late Judge Story will prove 
 interesting in this connexion. The writer refers to a cele 
 brated sermon of Mr. Everett, entitled " Brethren, the time 
 is short," delivered in the capitol at Washington, in Febru 
 ary, 1820: 
 
 " The sermon was truly splendid, and was heard with a breath 
 less silence. The audience was very large; and, being in that 
 magnificent apartment of the House of Representatives, it had vast 
 effect. I saw Mr. King, of New York, and Mr. Otis, of Massachu 
 setts, there. They were both very much affected with Mr. Everett's 
 sermon; and Mr. Otis, in particular, wept bitterly. There were 
 some very touching appeals to our most delicate feelings, on the loss 
 of our friends. Indeed, Mr. Everett was almost universally admired, 
 as the most eloquent of preachers. Mr. King told me he never 
 heard a discourse so full of unction, eloquence, and good taste." 
 
 The following tributes from the same distinguished au 
 thority may perhaps be properly quoted in this place : 
 
 "I thank you most sincerely for the high pleasure and instruc 
 tion you have given me in this number of the [N. American] Review. 
 I agree with you as to Mr. Tudor's book, and you have almost per 
 suaded me you are right as to the Indians. If you continue to 
 write thus powerfully, in such a strain of manly, vigorous sense, 
 with such glowing eloquence, you will humble all of us, but nobly 
 exalt the pride and character of our country." Letter to Edward 
 EverM, Salem, January 15, 1820. 
 
 EVE 
 
 " Mr. Everett, whom you may remember at Boston, made his 
 maiden speech on this occasion, [Proposition to amend the Con 
 stitution ; debate in House of Representatives, Washington, session 
 of 1825-26.] It received very great applause from its manner as 
 well as matter. He bids fair to be an eminent statesman, after 
 having figured a considerable time as an eminent clergyman." Let 
 ter to J. Evelyn Denison, Esq., M.P., Washington, March 15, 1826. 
 
 The reader will thank us for thus recording the testimony 
 of Judge Story to Mr. Everett's eminence as a preacher, 
 an essayist, and a political orator. We shall have occa 
 sion, before closing this article, to quote still further from 
 the same distinguished authority. No man more highly 
 valued Mr. Everett's natural talents and ripe scholarship, 
 and no man would have more heartily welcomed the great 
 intellectual monument which he so well knew these talents 
 and scholarship were capable of erecting. But we antici 
 pate. In 1812, at the early age of 18, he was appointed 
 Latin tutor in Harvard College. 
 
 In 1814 he pub. a volume of about 500 pages, entitled A 
 Defence of Christianity, in answer to The Grounds of 
 Christianity Examined, by George B. English. These 
 works we have already noticed at length. See ENGLISH, 
 GEORGE B. 
 
 In 1815 he was elected professor of the Greek Language 
 and Literature in Harvard College, with the understanding 
 that he should spend some time in Europe before engaging 
 in the arduous duties of this post. Whilst abroad he made 
 the acquaintance of Scott, Byron, Jeffrey, Campbell, Mack 
 intosh, Romilly, Davy, and other distinguished literary 
 and political characters. 
 
 In 1819 he returned home and entered upon the duties 
 of the Greek Professorship. In addition to his regular lec 
 tures, he found time to publish a Greek Grammar, trans, by 
 him from the German of Buttman, and a Greek Reader, 
 based upon that of Mr. Jacobs. We extract a notice of 
 this portion of Mr. Everett's life, from Mr. Hayward's arti 
 cle on American Orators and Statesmen, in the London 
 Quarterly Review for December, 1840 : 
 
 " Edward Everett is one of the most remarkable men living. He 
 is a native of Massachusetts, and was born about 1796. At nine 
 teen he had already acquired the reputation of an accomplished 
 scholar, and was drawing large audiences as a Unitarian preacher. 
 At twenty-one (the age at which Roger Ascham achieved a similar 
 distinction) he was appointed Professor of Greek in Harvard Uni 
 versity, and soon afterwards he made a tour of Europe, including 
 Greece. M. Cousin, who was with him in Germany, informed a 
 friend of ours that he was one of the best Grecians he ever knew, 
 and the translator of Plato must have known a good many of the 
 best. On his return from his travels he lectured on Greek litera 
 ture with the enthusiasm and success of another Abelard we 
 hope, without the Heloise." 
 
 He became editor of the North American Review in 
 January, 1820, and in the next four years contributed to 
 its pages about fifty papers, to which are to be added sixty 
 more, written whilst the Review was under the manage 
 ment of his brother Alexander, and of those who succeeded 
 him. Mr. Everett has given us reason to hope for the pub 
 lication of a selection from these excellent papers, and 
 from the speeches, reports, and correspondence, prepared 
 from time to time in the discharge of his official duties. 
 We trust, however, that the contributions to the Review 
 will be given without the least curtailment; and the rather 
 from the fact that the earlier numbers of this periodical are 
 not only now scarce, but not to be had save on rare oc 
 casions at any price whatever. On the 8th of May, 1822, 
 Mr. Everett was married by his old classmate, the Rev. N. 
 L. Frothingham, D.D., to Charlotte Gray, a daughter of 
 Peter Chardon Brooks, one of the leading men of Boston. 
 Mr. Brooks died January 1, 1849, and his biography has 
 been written by Mr. Everett. 
 
 In 1824 Mr. Everett was elected to the United States Con 
 gress by the voters of Middlesex, Massachusetts, and sat in 
 the House of Representatives for ten years. Upon his re 
 turn from Congress in 1835, he was for four successive years 
 elected Governor of Massachusetts, and at the next elec 
 tion defeated by only one out of more than 100,000 votes. 
 In 1841 he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to the 
 Court of St. James, and resided in London for about five 
 years. Not the least gratifying testimonial of respect 
 accorded to Mr. Everett in England, was the degree of 
 D.C.L., by the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and 
 from Dublin. On his return home, in 1846, he was elected 
 to the Presidency of Harvard College, and retained this ho 
 nourable post until 1849, when he tendered his resignation, 
 and was succeeded by Jared Sparks. On the decease of 
 Daniel Webster, Mr. Everett was appointed Secretary of 
 State of the United States, and in 1853 he succeeded 
 John Davis as a national Senator. In consequence of the 
 failure of his health, he soon resigned his seat, and is 
 now (1858) living in retirement at Boston, occupied, it is 
 
EVE 
 
 EVE 
 
 believed, in the preparation of a systematic treatise on the 
 modern Low of Nation?. Sec Orisw. !>' is of 
 
 America: Men of the Time. N. York. 1852 : The Mm.. bed 
 Boston Orators, by .lame- S. Loring. Boston. I 
 
 In addition to tho Defence of Christianity, alltttb "" " 
 tioned. nnd a number of occasional addi 'I I' 1 ' 
 
 tore, reports. A. . Mr. Everett has published. 1. Orations 
 and Speeches on Various Occasions, 183o. 8vo. This vol. 
 contains 27 speeches. Ac. delivered from lS'jr-3fi. 2. Im 
 portance of Practical Education nnd Useful KttOWfalfiJ 
 a selection from his Orations and other Discourses. (|'iil. 
 in 18:50.) N. York. 1847, 12mo. This work was originally 
 prepared for the Massachusetts District School Library, at 
 the request of the Board of Education. 3. Orations nnd 
 Speeches on Various Occasions from 1826 to 1860, 2d ed.. 
 Boston, 1850. 8 rols. 8vo. This ed. includes all that were 
 in the ed. of 1836. 3d ed., 1853, 2 vols. Jvo. These vo 
 lumes contain eighty-one articles; certainly among the 
 most valuable ever issued from the American or British 
 press. The titles and dates are as follows: 
 
 I. The Circumstances Favourable to the Progress of 
 Literature in America, 1824. II. The First Settlement ..f 
 New England. 1824. III. The First Battles of the Revo 
 lutionary War, 1826. IV. The Principle of the Ameri 
 can Constitutions, 1826. V. Adams and Jefferson, 1826. 
 VI. The History of Liberty, 1828. VII. Monument to 
 John Harvard. 'l828. VIII. Speech at Nashville, Ten 
 nessee. 1S29. IX. Speech at Lexington, Kentucky, 1829. 
 X. Speech at the Yellow Springs, in Ohio, 1829. XI. Tho 
 Settlement of Massachusetts, 1830. XII. Importance of 
 Scientific Knowledge to Practical Men, and the Eneou- 
 ragements to its Pursuit : the substance of several addresses. 
 XIII. The Working Men's Party. 1S30. X I V. Advantage 
 of Scientific Knowledge to Working Men. 1831. XV. Co- 
 loniiAtion nnd Civilirntion of Africa, 1832. XVI. Edu 
 cation in the Western Stales. 1833. XVII. The Bunker 
 Hill Monument, 1833. XVIII. Temperance. 1833. N I \ 
 The Sercn Years' War the School of the Revolution, 1833. 
 XX. The Education of Mankind. 1833. XXI. Agricul 
 ture, 1833. XXII. Eulogy on Lafayette. 1831. \\lll. 
 The Battle of Lexington," 1835. XXIV. The Youth of 
 Washington, 1835. XXV. Education Favourable to Li 
 berty, Morals, and Knowledge, 1835. XXVI. The Battle 
 of Blooriy Brook, 1835. XXVII. The Boyhood and Youth 
 of Franklin, 1829. XXVIII. Fourth of July at Lowell. 
 1830. XXIX. American Manufactories, 1831. X\\ 
 Anecdotes of Early Local History, 1833. XXXI. The 
 Western Bailroad, 1835. XXXII. Anniversary of the 
 Settlement of Springfield. 1S36. XXXI II. The' Import 
 ance of the Militia, 1836. XX XIV. The Seventeenth of 
 June at Charlestown, 1836. XXXV. Harvard Centennial 
 Anniversary. 1836. XXXVI. The Settlement of Dedham. 
 
 1836. XXXVII. The Cattle Show at Danvers. 1884 
 XXXVI II. The Irish Charitable Society. 1S37. X\ \ I V 
 Improvements in Prison Discipline, 1837. XL. Superior 
 and Popular Education, 1837. XLI. The Boston School?. 
 
 1837. XLII. The Importance of the Mechanic Art*, 
 1837. XLIIL Reception of the Sauks and Foxes, 1837. 
 XL1V. Dr. Bowditch, 1838. XLV. Fourth of July. 1838. 
 XLVI. Education the Nurture of the Mind, 1838. XLV 1 1. 
 Festival at Exeter, 1838. XLVIII. Accumulation, Pro 
 perty, Capital, Credit, 1838. XLIX. Importance of Edu 
 cation in a Republic, 1838. L. The Settlement at Baru- 
 itable. 1839. LI. Normal Schools, 1839. LII. Opening 
 of the Railroad to Springfield, 1839. LIII. The ScotV 
 Charitable Society. 1839. L1V. John Lowell, Jr., Founder 
 of the Lowell Institute: a Memoir, 1839. LV. Dr. Ro 
 binson's Medal, 1842. LVI. British Association at Man 
 chester. 1842. LVII. University of Cambridge, 1842. 
 LVI 1 1. The Royal Agricultural Society at Bristol, 1842. 
 LIX. Agricultural Society at Waltham, 1842. LX. York 
 Minster. 1S42. LX1. Lord Mayor's Day, 1842. LXII. 
 The Geological Society at London. LXIII. The Roval 
 Academy of Art 1843. LXIV. Royal Literary Fund, 
 1843. I, XV. The Agricultural Society at DerbV. 1843. 
 LXM. Reception at Hereford, 1843. LXVII." Saffron 
 Walden. 1843. 1.XV1H. Scientific Association at Cam 
 bridge, England \ rilcriln Vaihers. 
 1845. LX\. I nircrsity Education. 184rt. LXXI. The New 
 Medical College at Boston, 1846. LXXII. The Famine 
 in Ireland, 1847. LXXIII. Aid to the Colleges of Massa 
 chusetts, 1848. LXXIV. Eulogy on John Quiuev V 
 1848. LXXV. The Cambridge High School. 1S4S. 'l.X X VI. 
 Second Speech in Aid of the College* of Mnssncb-.- 
 184'.). LXXVH. American Scientific Association, 1849. 
 LXXVllt. The Departureof the Pilgrims. 184'.' \ \ \ 
 Cattle Show at Dedhaui, 1849. LXXX. The Nineteenth 
 
 of April at Concord. 1850. LXXX1. The Bible: Annual 
 ngof the Massachusetts l>H>le Society. May L'7. ls, r .O. 
 Since the above was written, a third volume \ Mr. I | 
 rett's Orations. Discourses, Ac., ha- been placed in (lie hand* 
 of the printer, and is to be j-nl.. in l'.ost.n in IS/.s. Itu,]) 
 contain Lectures on the Civilization of the Peruvians and 
 Astecs, and on the Discov. w . t \m. , : , i l.y tlie Northmen ; 
 us and Speeches on the fidhnving ,-, -asions and sub 
 jects: The Anniversary of tho Battle of BnnUor Hill. 17th 
 lime. 1860; The Annual Examination of the Cambridge 
 High School ; Dinner to Ainin Bey : Union Dinner at New 
 York, 22d Feb., 1851; Cattle Show at Lowell: The Rail 
 road Festival in Boston, on opening the road to Canada; 
 Massachusetts State Agricultural Society; The Warren 
 Street Chapel ; Dinner of the Alumni of Harvard College; 
 \nothcr Cambridge High School Examination; Dinner to 
 Mr. Thomas Raring: Hampshire Agricultural Society ; In 
 I 1 1. ill. on i ho Death of Daniel Webster; Colonisa 
 tion Society at Washington; Discovery and Colonization 
 of America, before the New Y.-rU Historical Society : Fourth 
 of .Inly, in Fancuil Hall, on Stability and Progress; The 
 Sailing of the Pilgrims, nt Plymouth, in August, 1853; 
 New Hamp-hire Agricultural Society ; Death of Vice Pre 
 sident irth of July, 1855. lit Doreholer : School 
 Festival in Fancuil Hall; Death of Mr. Lawrence, in Fa- 
 neuil Hall ; United States Agricultural Festival in r>o-tn ; 
 Presentation of the Cane of Washington. F,.b. |i,18W) also 
 a Memoir of Peter C. Brooks, and some other articles. This 
 volume will contain a copious index to the three volumes, 
 making it a necessary companion to roK i. ami ii. Those 
 who would witness a rcuiftrkahle illustration of tho power 
 of eloquence to transfuse life and beauty into tin- ioa<-hiiu:s 
 
 I of science, the lessons of history, the ethics of politics. 
 
 | and vicissitudes of letters, will not neglect to devote " their 
 days and nights" to the Orations of Edward Kvcictt. 
 
 We need hardly remind our readers that Mr. Everett has 
 substantial claims to the character of a poet. The Dirge 
 of Alaric tho Visigoth, and the beautiful poem of Santa 
 . arc among the few compositions which tho remem 
 brance of school-boy declamation can present, without fear 
 of rehuKo. i" the niaturer judgment of riper years. Several 
 other poetical pro, hi, (ions are among the evidences of their 
 author's remaiKable versatility of talent, A Notice of the 
 Life and Works of the late Daniel Webster, by Mr. Eve 
 rett, will bo found in the collective edition of the works of 
 the former. Boston, 1852, 6 vols. 8ro. To the same dis 
 tinguished pen belong the Life of General Stark, in Sparks's 
 Library of American Riography. (1st series, i. 1.) and seve 
 ral of tho Annual Reports of the Massachusetts Board of 
 Education. The merits of Mr. Everett's productions are 
 duly estimated, both at home and abroad, and wo regret 
 that our limited space renders brevity of quotation from, 
 commendatory notices a matter of necessity. 
 
 The first oration which drew upon Mr. Everett the |Mf 
 i>t hi- countrymen at large was delivered at Cambridge 
 before the 1'h'i I'-cia Kappa Society. August 27, 1824. The 
 on was one well calculated to call forth the eloquence 
 of the young orator. He stood in the presence of much 
 of the genius and learning of the land: of those who had 
 
 ! written their names in their country's history, and whose 
 fame was not confined to the vast republic which claimed 
 them a? her sons. 
 
 But the remembrance of the mighty dead would have 
 proved a stronger spell thau the presence of the living, 
 had it not been that the companion of the departed, the 
 brot her-in -arms of the Father of his country, sat that day 
 an honoured guest of the chief estate! of the land which 
 he had aided to redeem. When the youthful orator had 
 excited to an almost painful pitch the feelings of the ftlt 
 assemblage who hung upon his lips, when they smiled 
 or wept, sorrowed over the past or exulted in the present, 
 at the will of the master who carried them as he liM> 
 he suddenly turned to the illustrious guest who had seen 
 so much of the rise and fall of human greatness who had 
 witnessed alike the destruction of a throne and tho birth 
 
 j of a nation nnd addressed him in an apostrophe never to 
 be forgotten by auditor or reader : 
 
 " Welcome, friend of our fathers, to our shores! Happy are our 
 e>e tbut Ivh.'ld lh.w venerable feature*! Knjoy triumph such 
 as never conqueror nor inomrvh enjoyed the assurance that 
 throughout America there is not a bosom which does not beat 
 with joy and jrrwtitude at the sound of your name! You hare 
 already' met and whu.M. cr ill toon mwt, the few that remain 
 of th ardent patriots. ,>ru.lont counsellor*, and brave warriors, 
 with wn.'iu VM "<>re itMnctatod tn achieving our liberty. Hut 
 you have looked round in rain tor tho fa.v; of m.inv. h > would 
 h*v lived year* of ploAMitv on a day like (Viis. with their old 
 companion-insrnn* and brother tn peril. 1 in. lu. and Greene, 
 and Kuox, and Hamilton, are gone; the heroes of Saratoga and 
 
EVE 
 
 Yorktown have fallen before the enemy that conquers all. Above j 
 all th<> Hrst of heroes and of men, the friend ol \our youth, the 
 mow than friond of hi* country, rests In the bosom ol the s >il h- 
 redeemed On tho banks of the PotODUtt he Ifot In glory and i 
 
 You will revisit Hi" h.'spitaHe shades l Mount \einon. lull him 
 whomyouvener.il, 'd a-- \\odid.\oii will meet not at lt door. His 
 
 rannol now bieal* 111 ilWu e t- bid fOtt wel.om,- lo his own r.x<l. 
 Itul tbci-ialetul ,-hildreu of Anieii.a will bid > on welcome to our 
 shores' iuidwhithersoc\er jour course shall take >..u. tlnoushout 
 the limiK of the eontlneut. the ear that hears \ on shall bless you. 
 tho eve that Beesy. -it ness to >on. and BTOrj tongue 
 
 eXC,llm. with heart li-l I jo\ . ' olcoiue' wel. -me !,: I :ietl.- 
 
 A review of lhi> oiation. and of one ,loh\oio.| at Ply 
 mouth in December of Hie SMIUO \cai. ill be found in the 
 North American K,-ie i." \pnl. IS25. To recommend 
 its penpal to the reader, nothing more need be said than 
 to give tho name of its author Jared Sparks, Mr. Eve 
 rett's M>. , , , t MI (bo pi," i,!onc\ of Mai \ aid College. Wo 
 
 a tew lines from the conclusion: 
 
 - . M-il uliitory remarks And closing rcfteo- 
 .,,. utter*) in A stylo of uncommon brilliancy and richness 1 , 
 th,-\ in, ol. ile lofty and animating Bcntimonts, and constitute 
 nli.' , i her a rare specimen of eloquence and line writing." 
 
 Perhaps one of the host reviews of Mr. Everett's Ora 
 tions is that by Prof. E. l.abonlaye, of the College of 
 France, in the Journal des D6bats, Oct. fl, 18511. We re 
 gret that we can find room for a brief extract only: 
 
 "11 est curioux do sulvre la vie publlquo d'un tel homme. .-I 
 O'est ce qu'll cut ais6 do tklre dans les deux volumes ,|ue nous avons 
 nous les yeux. 11 n'y A la nl sos opuvros Htteralres nl sos harangues 
 polltlques, mals seuleinont les dlscours quo dopuls (rente ans a 
 pronouoes M. Kverett chaquo fols qu'll s'cst ru\e en i 
 avoe RCS eoucilovens. I, ON sujets sont naturcllement tros varies, 
 la pen see y est toujours la ineme; tout s'y rod nil fc un seul point, 
 rcdu.'alioii iutellei'tuelle. morale. patrintlquo. dil pcuple. L VUuM 
 e-.( ,1 nr. la parole coinmc die ost dans la v ie de 1'anl, or " 
 
 An eloquent review of Mr. Everett's orations, by Pro- 
 I'.li, n. will be found in tho N. American Review 
 for October. ISM), and an adinii able analynis of his mental 
 characteristics and oratorical stylo, by a distinguished 
 critic, himself an orator of renown, occurs in tho same 
 periodical for January, 1837. Wo give a brief extract 
 from the la I tor: 
 
 "Tho great charm of Mr. Everett's orations consists not so m uch 
 In MIIV single and stronglv-dovelopod intellectual trait as In that 
 symmetry and llnlsh which, on every page, give token of tho 
 richly-endowed and thorough scholar. Tho natural movements 
 d In. mind are full of grace : and tho most Indllforont sentence 
 which falls from his pen has that simple elegance which It Is AH 
 dim, nil to define as It Is easy to perceive. Ills level passages aro 
 n.-v.-i lame, and his lino ones aro never superfine. Ills stvlo. w ilh 
 matchless flexibility, rises and falls with bis subject, am! Is alter- 
 natelv . a--\ . v iv id. elevated, ornamented, or picturesque ; Adapting 
 llselt l.> I lie domiiiAut mood of tho mind, AS an instrument re 
 sponds to the touch of a master's hand. Ills knowledge Is so 
 extensive, and the field of his allusions so wide, that the most 
 familiar views. In passing through his hands, gather such a halo of 
 luminous Illustrations, that their likeness seems transformed, and 
 weentertaln doubts of their Identity." UKOINO: HTII.LMAN llu.t.Aun. 
 
 Mr. Tnokorman also notices this remarkable power of 
 adaptation to subjects tho most incongruous, which Mr. 
 Everett's mind exhibits in so eminent a dogroo: 
 
 "If Webster Is thoMlehaol Augelo of American oratory, Kven-lt 
 Is tho Hanhaol. In the former's definition of eloi|uence, ho recog 
 nises II iii.ni , -. i.ienceln I he occasion as well as In t ho man and 
 in the subject, Ills own oratory Is remarkable for grasping I ho 
 bold and essential; for developing, as It were, the anatomical basis 
 the very sinews And nerves of bis subject while Kvorott In- 
 ntlucth.'lv catches Attd nnl<>l,|>. the > race of occasion, whatever It, 
 be; III his mind the sense ofheaiity Is \ i\ Id. and nothing Is more 
 
 surprising in his nrnlm-v (ban Hi i-;eand fi.llily with which he 
 
 Bel/,es upon the redeemlnir a^-oeia I inns of every tOftlO. however far 
 rein. .v,', I it niav heti.-in t he Ie., .it imate ,|. .niaiii of taste or scholar 
 ship." r/i.innY.'n.^ic* <;/' l.ii< >< thin' ; srwnd tfriftf Tht, Orator: 
 
 F.rnrtt. 
 
 Tho introduction ,,f the name -I ham,, I \\ ,d, . lor give* 
 us an opportunity of presenting a sketch, drawn by this 
 (Moinent statesman, of the services and character of the 
 subject of our notice : 
 
 " \Ve all remember him, somo of us personally, myself, cer- 
 inlnly, with groat Interest, In his deliberations lu (lie Congress of 
 the United Htates, to which ho brought such a ,i ,. , > i.-a ruing, 
 and abllltv, and eloquence, as few ei|ualled, and none surpassed. 
 He administered, afterwards, satisfactorily to his fcllow-ellens, 
 the .luii, -I Hi,- ehalr of tho commonwealth. He then, I,, the 
 great advantage of his counli v . v\,-nl abroad. Ile was deputed to 
 "lit his government at the most Important court of I , 
 
 nod I an i,',l I hither many qualities, most of them essential, and 
 
 all,,) Hi,,,, ,, m, mental ami useful, to lllMhat high station. Ile 
 had e. In, -at inn and scholnrshlp. Ile had a reputation at home and 
 nl-road !M,,ie than all. he had an acquaintance with tho politics 
 ol Hi.- wild, with I lie law ,.| this ennnl iv and of nations, with tho 
 history and policy ,,f the cnmiti 1,-s of Knrope. And how well these 
 qilflllli enahlM him (,, retlert hnmiiir upon the literal ure and 
 rhanir'ter of his native land. ie>t we only, but all the country and 
 all the world, know, lie has performed this career, And Is yet at 
 such a period of life, that I nmv venture something upon the cha 
 racter and privilege of my countrymen, when I predict, that, flume 
 who have known him loug and know him now, those who have 
 
 EVE 
 
 soon him and see him now. those who h:n,- hoard him and hear 
 him now. aro very UUoh to think that his country has demands 
 uponhlmfbrf\tturee(rortlttttaMn knr 
 
 t tlf fimt vltim'wnMry Netting <\f the Aforfnik Atf 
 
 It is pleasing to know that the friendh. almost tiatornal, 
 relations which united (ho hearts of those two distinguished 
 Illinois were never disturbed by misunderstanding.*, nor 
 .lulled by estrangements. To this gratifying truth wo 
 have the' annexed touching testimony. It oecurs In A 
 letter from Mr. Webster to Mr. Everett, written but about 
 three month* before the decease of the former: 
 
 "We now and then see stretching across the heavens a clear, 
 hi UP, oornloan sky, without cloud, or mist, or MUM. And suoh 
 appears to me our acquaintance, from kht ttttfWfeMI I hoaid fOU 
 ft>ra week recite your lessons In tho llttlo sehoolhouso In Short 
 Street to the date hoivnf. I '21st July, 18ftU."J 
 
 Referring to Mr. Webster's hopes of future patriotic 
 efforts upon the part of the subject of this eulogium, uo 
 may bo permitted to say that und'onlxodly the best service 
 that Mr. Everett can confer upon his country is tho pro 
 duction of a great work upon nome broad question, with 
 which tho Interests of humanity are sufficiently connected 
 to insure the preservation of the fame ami uriulncsn of 
 Hi.- Author, with the vitality of tho subject. We are 
 pleased, therefore, that Mr. Everett has selected the Law 
 of Nations as tho topic of tho treatise which ho is now be 
 lieved to have in course of preparation. Uut we cannot 
 withhold tho expression of our hope that the work will be 
 less restricted in its tlold than tho author leads us to infer, 
 when ho informs us that it will have especial reference 
 "To those !|Ucsl!oiiN \\luVh lime been dls, ussed between the 
 
 governments of Hie Dulled States and Knrope MI tli.< p. we of 
 
 RM," 
 
 The commentaries of so able and luminous an expositor 
 upon the text., original and collected, of tjroliu,*. Pnllondorf, 
 llurlamaqni, KlUber, lleineccius, l<'ulhocK. Sohlen, Luo- 
 chcsi-l'alli, and Mass<S would make even the layman in 
 lovo with learning which, to his groat !> . In- "Men re- 
 grots as "beyond his lino and IUCM uv ^ mint con 
 fess that we are altogether unwilling to resign to the eru 
 dite gentlemen of the long robe all the intellectual pleasure 
 and improvement arising from tho investigation ol the 
 principles of " the |)erl'ection of reasoning," as the law has 
 rather ambitiously, perhaps boon styled. Although it 
 laic, we li:i\e (mind the jdiiiosophy ol' Jurisprudence well 
 worthy of the "Second Brother's" commendation of philo 
 sophy in general, in that 
 
 " Perpetual feast of nectar'd sweets," 
 the IMasquo of Comus. 
 
 Hut to return to Mr. Everett's projected work: we con 
 fess that WO hope with trembling, \\lien \\.' remember the 
 many instances in which the groat iolelleelu:il nrchitocts 
 of our race have nuod the hall built e.litlee (. the ground, 
 or refused to finish its proportions, from a despair ol' equal 
 ling an ideal model, from which the severity of art exqui 
 sitely-refined judgment would tolerate no di'inl. :ih.<n. 
 Much is thus forever lost to the world, \\hi< h would have 
 
 Rladly profited by (but which has been mistakenly \\ilh 
 eld. Such severe judges of their own labours must con 
 sider not only what their works lack of perfection, but lo 
 how groat an extent the minds of many of their prnspc.-i i\ o 
 readers aro deficient of even rudimenlal knowledge, and 
 tho perception of first principle*. 
 
 To provide for suoh, whilst not forgetful of the m 
 
 advanced, to call in tho poor and tho destitute, \vho enn 
 make no recompense, as well as to bid those who can 
 summon in return to tho intellectual feast, may n<>( i>.< 
 so gratifying to ambition, but it fulfils charity, and 10 ro- 
 eommeuded by the highest sanction. 
 
 On imposing convocations, indeed, Jupiter entertained 
 tho gods with ambrosia; but tho fhnrin I '/,'/ knew also 
 how to pre|uire a, feast suited to tho humbler appetites of 
 mortals. Hut if there bo, indeed though wo are persuaded 
 better things any well grounded apprehension that tho 
 world is novor to behold tho noble superstructure which 
 Mr. Everett has long been erecting upon tho sure founda 
 tion of lug deep and solid erudition, thon wo shall feel jus 
 tified io invoking tho aid of a potent champion on behalf 
 of a cause in which the interests of society, tho science of 
 legislation, and tho moral and intellectual Improvement 
 of millions, nre so deeply concerned. Huroly such an ap 
 peal as tho following an appeal so eloquent, and from an 
 authority always so venerable, and now sanctified by the 
 seal of the tomb shall not prove in vain : 
 
 to* havo, I trust, nwuy yours befhre you of health an. I IftbotU 
 What I desire Is, that, in addition to tho ninny beautiful ay, 
 oxuulsltely beautiful specimens of your genius which wo have 
 hnd Upon occasional tonics, you would now meditate some (treat 
 work for posterity, which shall make you known mid Mi linn l> 
 all time HI we, your contemporaries, now know and esteem you. 
 
EVE 
 
 This should be the crowning future purpose of your life. Sat ver- 
 bum sapienti. If I should live to see it, I should hail it with the 
 highest pleasure. If I am dead, pi-ay remember that it was one 
 of the thoughts which clung most closely to me to the very last." 
 Judge Story to Hon. Edward Ei:erett, Cambridge, May 30, 1840. 
 See Life and Letters of Judge Story, ii. 333. 
 
 Everett, Erastus. A System of English Versifica 
 tion, N. York, 1848, 12mo. 
 
 "This treatise, which we have examined with some care and 
 pains, will be found highly useful to those who desire to become 
 acquainted with the laws of English versification." 
 
 Everett, George. The Pathway to Peace and Profit, 
 or, Truth in its Plain Dress, Lon., 1694, 4to. Encourage 
 ment for Seamen and Mariners, 1695, 4to. 
 
 Everett, James. See HOLLAND, JOHW. 
 
 Everett, John, a famous highwayman, the terror of 
 benighted travellers on Hounslow Heath, was executed at 
 Tyburn, February 20, 1729-30. Whilst awaiting death, 
 he wrote an autobiography entitled A genuine Narrative 
 of the memorable Life and Actions of John Everett, &c., 
 Lon., 1730. A notice of this curious work, accompanied 
 with extracts, will be found in the London Retrospective 
 Review, vi. 237, 1822. 
 
 " Perhaps future ages may render classical the deeds of those 
 younger sons of good families who, induced by necessity rather 
 than choice, ' took to the road' in search of money and adventure." 
 Ubi supra. 
 
 Evershed, \Vm. Sub. of 2 Discourses, 1780, Svo. 
 
 Eves, Mrs. 1. The Grammatical Plaything, 1800, Svo. 
 2. Scripture made Easy, 1809, Svo. 
 
 Eves, George. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1661, 4to. 
 
 Ewart, John, M.D. Cancer, Bath, 1794, Svo. 
 
 Ewart, Rev. John. Lectures on Psalms, Lon., 1822- 
 26, 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 " Pleasing, moral, and pious." Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 Ewbank, George. Serm., 1661, 4to. 
 
 Ewbank, Thomas, United States Commissioner on 
 Patents, was born in the tower of Barnard Castle, in the 
 north of England, in 1792. Descriptive and Historical 
 Account of Hydraulic and other machines for raising 
 Water, Ancient and Modern; including the progressive 
 development of the Steam Engine, New York, 1842, Svo; 
 2d ed., 1849, Svo. 
 
 "It is full of the gossip of the art: it is just such a book as any 
 amateur of mechanics would allow to be open on his table for the 
 purpose of passing the little fragments of his time in occupation 
 of a light and useful description." Lon. Athen. 
 
 The World a Workshop, N.Y., 1855, 12mo. Life in 
 Brazil, illustrated, N.Y., 1856, Svo. Thoughts on Matter 
 and Force, N. York, 1858. See Lon. Athen., 1858, Pt. 2, 
 199. Reminiscences in the Patent-Office and of Scenes and 
 Things in Washington, 1858. In preparation. 
 
 Ewen, James. Ovid's Heroids, Lon., 1787, Svo. 
 
 Ewen, W. M. 1. Grace and Truth, Edin., 1763, 12mo. 
 2. Essays, Doctrinal and Practical, 1767, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Ewer, John, Bishop of Llandaff, consecrated, 1761. 
 Serm. on Prov. xxi. 31, 1762, 4to; on Heb. xiii. 16, 1766, 
 4to ; on Rom. x. 14, 1767, 4to. 
 
 Ewes, Sir Symonds D'. See D'EwES. 
 
 Ewing, A. Serm. on the Church, Forres, 12mo. 
 
 Ewing, Alexander, or Archibald, teacher of Ma 
 thematics, d. 1804, at Edinburgh. 1. Mathematics, Lon., 
 1772, '99, Svo. 2. Arithmetic, 1773, 12mo. 3. Astronomy, 
 Edin., 1797, Svo. 
 
 Ewing, Alexander, M.D. Observ. on the Harverian 
 Doctrine, in Reply to George Kerr, Lon.., 1817, 12mo. 
 
 Ewing, Greville, 1767-1841, a native of Edinburgh, 
 and a minister of the Kirk of Scotland. 1. Serm., Lon., 
 1797, Svo. 2. Remarks on Dick's Serm., 1801. 3. Greek 
 Grammar, and Greek and Eng. Lexicon, Edin., 1802, Svo; 
 Glasg., 1812, Svo ; Glasg. and Lon., 1827, Svo. See notices 
 in Orme's Bibl. Bib., Home's Bibl. Bib., and Brit. Critic. 
 
 4. Gov't, Ac. of the Church of Christ, Glasg., 1807, 12mo. 
 
 5. Essays addressed to Jews, Lon., 1809, '10, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 "They display particularly a very accurate acquaintance with 
 
 the Old Testament Scriptures, and place many passages in a new 
 and often interesting light." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 6. An Essay on Baptism, Glasg., 1823, '24, 12mo. 
 
 See Mem. of Greville Ewing, by his daughter, 1843, Svo. 
 
 Ewing, James. Report to the Directors of the Glasg. 
 Hosp. rel. to the City Poor, Glasg., 1818. 
 
 An able, well-written, and interesting report." McCulloch's Lit. 
 of Polit. E/con. 
 
 Report of a Com. on the Burgess Oath, 1819 Svo 
 
 Ewing, James. Justice of the Peace, &c. in N. Jer 
 sey. New ed., by a member of the Bar, N. Y., 1848 Svo. 
 
 Ewing, John, D.D., 1732-1802, a native of East Not 
 tingham, Maryland, graduated at Princeton College 1752 
 Minister of the First Presbyterian Church, Phila.,' 1758- 
 1802; Provost of the University of Pennsylvania, 1779- 
 1302. Account of the Transit of Venus over the Sun- 
 
 EYR 
 
 Trans. Amer. Soc. i. 39. Godfrey's Quadrant, ib. iv. 126. 
 Serm. on the death of George Bryan, 1791. Serm. in 
 Amer. Preacher, ii. Lectures on Nat. Philosophy, 1809. 
 
 "His qualifications as a minister of the Gospel were many and 
 eminent. Science was with him a handmaid to religion. He was 
 mighty in the Scriptures." See Linn's Funl. Serm.; Assembly's 
 Miss. Mag.; Miller, ii. 372; Holmes, ii. 424; Allen's Amer. Biog. 
 Diet 
 
 Ewing, Capt. Peter. The Soldier's Opera, 1792, Svo. 
 
 Ewing, Thomas, teacher in Edinburgh. 1. The Eng 
 lish Learner, Lon., 1815; 14th ed., 1849, 12mo. 2. Prin 
 ciples of Elocution, revised by T. B. Calvert, 30th ed., Lon., 
 1852, 12mo. 
 
 " Its materials are gathered with a tasteful hand from every pe 
 riod of our literature." Lon. Quar. Jour, of Education. 
 
 3. Rhetorical Exercises, 12mo. The three preceding 
 works form a consecutive series. 4. A New System of 
 Geography, 1816; with a new General Atlas, 17th ed., 
 1849, 12mo. 
 
 " We can recommend Mr. Ewing's book to the Geographical stu 
 dent." Lon. Critical Keview. 
 
 " By far the most elegant and accurate Atlas which we have 
 seen on a similar scale." Blackwootfs Mag. 
 
 Ewington, H. The Arcana of Short-Hand, 1805, 
 12mo. New ed., 18mo. 
 
 " This little work is the most perspicuous, concise, and expedi 
 tious method that has been hitherto proposed, and we are per 
 suaded that we do students of Short-hand a service, in recom 
 mending it to their attention." Anti-Jacobin Revieiv, Feb. 1808. 
 
 Exall, J., a Baptist minister of Tenterden. 1. The 
 Spirit of Inquiry assisted, Tenterden, 12mo. 2. Brief Cal- 
 vinistic conclusions on the attributes of God, <fcc., 1824, Svo. 
 
 Exall, Joseph. Serm., Prov. xiii. 15, Tenterden, Svo. 
 
 Exall, Joshua. Infant Baptism, Lon., 1693, 4to. 
 
 Exton, Brudenot, M.D. Midwifery, Lon., 1751, Svo. 
 
 Exton, John, LL.D., Judge of the Admiralty. Mari 
 time Discseologie; or Sea Jurisdiction in England, in three 
 books, Lon., 1664, fol.; 2d ed., 1746; 3d ed., 1755, Svo. 
 
 Exton, Richard Brudenell, Rector of Athelington. 
 
 1. Bishop Hall's Sacred Aphorisms, Lon., 1823, 12mo. 
 
 2. Sixty Lectures on the Psalms of the M. and E. Service, 
 1847, 12mo. 
 
 "The Lectures are eloquently and piously written; and they 
 constitute an admirable source of femily edification for the even 
 ings of the Lord's Day." Ch. of Eng. Jour. 
 
 Eyre,Edmund John, a comedian,wrote The Dreamer 
 Awake; a Farce, 1791, Svo, a number of other plays, 
 and some poems. See Biog. Dramat., and W T att's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Eyre, Edward. Secret Instructions of Frederick II. 
 From the French of the Prince de Ligne, 1798, 12mo. 
 
 Eyre, Francis, d. 1804, a R. Catholic layman, of 
 Warkworth Castle. 1. Remarks on Gibbon's Decline and 
 Fall of the R. Empire, Lon., 1778, Svo; 2. Appeal relative 
 to ditto, 1799, Svo. 3. Christian Religion, 1795, Svo. 
 4. Letter to Rev. R. Churton, 1795. 5. Reply to the same, 
 1798, Svo. The controversy was upon the respective merits 
 of the Church of England and that of Rome. 
 
 Eyre, Sir James, 1734-1799, Lord Chief Justice of 
 the Ct. of C. Pleas, was a native of Wiltshire. Charge to 
 the Grand Jury, Lon., 1792, 4to. 
 
 Eyre, John, D.D., Curate of Wylie, Wilts. Serms., 
 1756, '58, '61, '77. Composition of a Serm., 1797, Svo. 
 
 Eyre, John. Remedies proposed for the Relief of our 
 Embarrassments, Lon., 1813, Svo. 
 
 Eyre, Joseph. Observ. on the Prophecies relating 
 to the Restoration of the Jews, Lon., 1771, Svo. Extracts 
 from this work were printed in 1823 by the London Society 
 for Promoting Christianity among the Jews. 
 
 Eyre,, Richard, a Canon of Sarum, and Rector of 
 Burghclere, Hants. Serms., 1713, '15, '16, '17, '26. 
 
 Eyre, Richard,D.D., Rector of Bright- Walton, Berks. 
 Serm., Lon., 1767, 4to. 
 
 Eyre, Robert, D.D. Serms., 1693, 1700, Svo. 
 
 Eyre, Robert, D.D., Rector of Buckland, Surrey. 
 Serm., 1735, Svo; 4 do., 1738, Svo. 
 
 Eyre, Lt. Vincent, K N. 1. Military Operations at 
 Cabul, 4th ed., Lon., 1843, cr. Svo. 2. Journal of Impri 
 sonments continued and concluded, 1843, cr. Svo. 3. Por 
 traits of the Cabul Prisoners, 1843, Svo. 4. Prison Sketches, 
 1843, cr. Svo. 
 
 " Lieutenant Eyre, whose name is prominently mentioned in the 
 celebrated letter of Lady Sale, was a foremost actor in the scenes 
 of this dreadful time, and has described them with the knowledge 
 and precision of an accomplished soldier, and in the manner and 
 temper eminently suited to such a narrative straightforward, 
 manly, unaffected." Lon. Examiner. 
 
 " I will ask you to read the Narrative of Lieutenant Eyre, and 
 remind you of the description there given of the greatest disaster 
 that ever befell a British Army." -SiR ROBERT PEEL, in the House, 
 of Commons. 
 
 Eyre, Wm., d. 1670, a Calvinistic divine, a native of 
 Wiltshire, entered the Univ. of Oxf., 1629, aged 16; minis- 
 
EYR 
 
 ter of St. Edmund's Church, Salisbury, 1654; ejected for 
 nonconformity, 1662. Epistola ad Vsserium de textus He- 
 braici variantibus Lectionibus, Lon., 1652, 4to. The true 
 Justification of a Sinner explained, <fec., 1654; in Latin, 
 under the title of Vindiciae Justificationis Gratuitae, 1654, 
 4to. 
 
 Eyre, Wm., of Buckingham. Serm., 1785, 4to. 
 
 Eyres, Joseph. The Church Sleeper awakened; or, 
 a Serin, from Acts xx. 9, Lon., 1659, 12mo. 
 
 Eyton, John, Vicar of Wellington, and Rector of Ey- 
 ton, Salop. Serms., 1805, '07, '10. Serms. on various Sub 
 jects, Wellington, 1815, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Eyton, R. W., Rector of Ryton. Antiquities of Shrop 
 shire, Pts. 1 to 4, comprising vol. i., 1854, r. 8vo; ii., 1855; 
 iii., and Pts. 1 and 2 of vol. iv., 1856. 
 
 FAB 
 
 "When completed it will be a book which may find a place in 
 every gentleman's library in the country to which it belongs, with 
 out the objection of enormous bulk or excessive price." Lon. 
 Athenaeum. 
 
 " It is written in that unaffected and simple, yet lucid and forci 
 ble, style, which must recommend it to the general historical 
 reader!" Shrewsbury Chronicle. 
 
 Eyton, T. C. 1. Hist, of the Rarer British Birds, 
 Lon., 1838, 8vo. This forms .a Supplement to Bewick's 
 British Birds. 2. Monograph of the Anatidae, or Duck 
 Tribe, Lon., 1838, 4to. 3. Lecture on Artificial Manures, 
 1844, 8vo. 4. Herd-Book of Hereford Cattle, p. 8vo. Vol. 
 i., 1846; vol. ii., Pt. 1, 1848; vol. ii., Pt. 2, 1853. 
 
 " The work contains the lists, pedigrees, and portraits of the 
 most celebrated bulls of that breed, and the prices at which many 
 of them were sold. It is a very entertaining book to those con 
 nected with Hereford cattle." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 F. 
 
 Faber, Frederick Wm., formerly a clergyman of 
 the Church of England, and now a Priest of the Oratory, 
 in the Church of Rome. 1. Tracts on the Church and the 
 P. Book, Lon., 1839, 12mo. 2. Serm. on Education, 1840, 
 8vo. 3. Cherwell Water-Lily, and other Poems, Lon., 1840, 
 fp. Svo. 4. Styrian Lake, and other Poems, 1842, fp. 8vo. 
 5. Sights and Thoughts in Foreign Churches, and Foreign 
 People, 1842, STO. 6. Sir Lancelot, a Poem, 1844, fp. Svo. 
 7. Rosary, and other Poems, 1845, fp. Svo. 8. Jesus and 
 Mary; or, Catholic Hymns, ISmo. 9. Essay on Beatifica 
 tion and Canonization, 1848, p. 8vo. 10. Oratory of St. 
 Philip Neri, 1850, 12mo. 11. Catholic Home Missions, 1851, 
 12mo. 12. All for Jesus; 3d ed., 1855, 12mo. Other works. 
 Faber, George Stanley, 1773-1854, Master of 
 Sherburn Hospital, and Prebendary of Salisbury, educated 
 at University Coll., Oxf., was elected Fellow and Tutor of 
 Lincoln Coll. before he had reached his 21st year. In 1803 
 he relinquished his fellowship by marriage; after which 
 he acted for two years in the capacity of curate to his fa 
 ther, the Rev. Thomas Faber, of Calverley, near Bradford, 
 Yorkshire. In 1805 he became vicar of Stockton-upon- 
 Tees, three years later vicar of Redmarshall, and in 1811 
 vicar of Longnewton, where he remained for 21 years. 
 For these preferments he was indebted to the friendship 
 of Bishop Barrington. In 1831 Bishop Burgess collated 
 Mr. Faber to a prebend in Salisbury Cathedral; and in 
 1832 Bishop Van Mildert gave him the mastership of Sher 
 burn Hospital, which he retained for the long term of 22 
 years being called to his rest January 27, 1854, in the 
 81st year of his age. Mr. Faber's profound erudition, ar 
 dent piety, and uncompromising advocacy of what he 
 esteemed the truth, rendered him an object of respect and 
 veneration with all classes of his fellow-men. The follow 
 ing list of his writings exhibits in a striking light the com 
 prehensive character of his studies. We extract the titles 
 from the London Gentlemen's Magazine for May, 1854, 
 where the reader will find an interesting biographical no 
 tice of this excellent man and useful writer : 
 
 1. Two Sermons, Feb. 10, 1799. 2. An attempt to ex 
 plain, by recent events, Five of the Seven Vials, Rev. xvii. 
 1, 1799, Svo. 3. Horae Mosaics; ; or, A View of the Mo- 
 eaical Records : 8 Lectures at the Bampton Lecture/ 1801, 
 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1818, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "The leading object of it is to establish the authenticity of the 
 Pentateuch, by pointing out the coincidence of its facts and state 
 ments with the remains of profane antiquity, and their connection 
 with Christianity. . . . Whether the Horse Mosaics be considered 
 as a work on the evidences of Christianity, or as furnishing illus 
 trations of various parts of the word of God, its claims are equally 
 deserving of regard from the Christian student." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 "Those who have not the means or leisure to consult the very 
 valuable works of Mr. Bryant, Mr. Maurice, and Sir W. Jones, in 
 this line, will find in these volumes many of the most striking 
 facts brought together, and so arranged as justly to corroborate 
 and confirm the events recorded in the Pentateuch. The refe 
 rences to other authors are numerous; nor are these confined 
 solely to the ancients. Additional notes and illustrations are to 
 be found at the end of each volume." British Critic, xix., 0. S., 
 pp. 382, 388. 
 " Erudite and evangelical." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 4. Divine Authority conferred by Episcopal Ordination 
 necessary to a legitimate discharge of the Christian minis 
 try, a Serm., 1802. 
 
 5. A Dissert, on the Mysteries of the Cabyri; or, The 
 great Gods of Phoenicia, Ac., 1803, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 "This work establishes the justice of the remark made on the 
 author's profound acquaintance with antiquity. In this respect 
 it is second only to the Ancient Mythology of Bryant, from which 
 it differs on several important points, on which, however Mr Bry 
 
 ant himself changed his mind after the publication of his great 
 work. There are many things, learned and curious, and many 
 things also fanciful, in the 'Mysteries of the Cabyri.'" Orme't 
 Bill. Bib. 
 
 6. Thoughts on the Arminian and Calvinistic Contro 
 versy, 1803, Svo. 7. Dissertation on the Prophecies that 
 have been fulfilled, are now fulfilling, or will hereafter be 
 fulfilled, relative to the great period of 1200 years, the 
 Papal and Mahomedan Apostacies, the tyrannical reign of 
 Antichrist, or the Infidel Power, and the Restoration of 
 the Jews, 1806, 2 vols. Svo; 4th ed., 1810; 5th ed., 1814; 
 vol. iii., 1S18. Supplement to the above, 1806, Svo. This 
 work, the author remarks, is superseded by his Sacred 
 Calendar of Prophecy, 1828, 3 vols. Svo. See No. 18. 8. 
 Answer to Bicheno, 1807, Svo. 9. View of the Prophecies 
 relating to Judah and Israel, 1808, 2 vols. Svo. Again, 
 1809, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 "A very valuable work." Bicker steth. 
 
 10. Dissert, on the LXX. weeks of Daniel, 1811, Svo. 11. 
 On the Ordinary Operations of the Holy Spirit, 1813, 8voj 
 6th ed., 1846, fp. Svo. 
 
 " A valuable experimental work." Bickersteth. 
 
 12. The Origin of Pagan Idolatry, 1816, 3 vols. 4to. 
 "An elaborate performance." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 13. Serms. on Various Subjects and Occasions, 1816-20, 
 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 "These sermons are evidently the production of no common 
 mind. They comprise many subjects of high importance, and are 
 handled with such force of argument, and such correctness of lan 
 guage and taste, that few persons will take up the work without 
 giving it an entire perusal." Lon. Christian Observer. 
 
 Also highly commended in the British Critic. 
 
 14. Serm., Isa. Ix. 1-5 ; the Conversion of the Jews, Ac., 
 1822, Svo. 15. The Genius and Object of the Patriarchal, 
 the Levitical, and the Christian Dispensations, 1823, 2 vols. 
 Svo. 
 
 " This partakes strongly of all the characteristics of Mr. Faber's 
 writings strong, masculine sense, extensive classical erudition, 
 and a hearty love of hypothesis. There is a great deal said in 
 these volumes that must be true, much that may be true, though 
 not proved to be so, and many things that we believe not to be 
 true. He combats Bishop Warburton very successfully." Orme's 
 Bibl. Bib. 
 
 16. The Difficulties of Infidelity, 1824, Svo. 
 
 "A masterly and powerfully-written treatise, the purpose of 
 which is to show, not only that Infidelity has its own proper diffi 
 culties as well as Christianity, but that those difficulties are in 
 comparably greater and more formidable." 
 
 "Faber's works are full of research and valuable matter: he is 
 an original and pious writer." Bickersteth, 
 
 17. The Difficulties of Romanism, 1826, Svo. 18. Sup 
 plement to ditto, 1828, Svo; 2d ed., 1830, Svo; 3d ed., 1853, 
 Svo. Trans, into French and Italian. An Answer to this 
 was written by J. F. M. Trevern, Bishop of Strasbourg, 
 trans, by the Rev. F. C. Husenbeth, and pub. in Lon., 
 1828, Svo. Faber replied in his Supplement, and Mr 
 Husenbeth pub. several treatises upon the subject. See 
 Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 19. Original Expiatory Sacrifice, 1827, Svo. 20. The 
 Sacred Calendar of Prophecy, 1828, 3 vols. 8vo: 2d ed., 
 1844, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " Worthy of careful study. It throws much light on the pre 
 dictions of the Book of Daniel." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 " Mr. Faber has endeavoured to combine together the various 
 prophecies both of the Old and New Testament, which treat of 
 the grand double period of seven times ; a period coinciding with 
 those times of the Gentiles, which are styled, by Mr. Mede, 'The 
 Sacred Calendar of Prophecy.' In the present more extensive 
 work, the author has rectified various errors in his preceding pub 
 lications on prophecy." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 See an analysis of this work in British Critic, April, 
 
 573 
 
FAB 
 
 FAI 
 
 1833. 21. Letters on the Catholic Question, 1829, 8vo. j 
 22. Answer to Mr. Husenbeth, 1829, 8vo. See Nos. 17 \ 
 and 18. 23. Four Letters on Catholic Emancipation, 
 (1829,) 8vo. 24. The Fruits of Infidelity contrasted with j 
 the Fruits of Christianity, 1831, 12mo. 25. Assize Serm., j 
 1832, 8vo. 26. The Apostolicity of Trinitarianism, 1832, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 27. Recapitulated Apostacy the only Ration 
 ale of the concealed Apocalyptic name of the Roman Em 
 pire, 1833, 12mo. 
 
 "Faber brings arguments to show that aitoaTarris is the name 
 intended by St. John, and its number 666." Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 28. The Primitive Doctrine of Election, 1836, Svo; 2d 
 ed., 1842, 8vo. 
 
 " We do not hesitate to express our opinion that this will be 
 
 found the most useful of all Mr. Faber's writings." Lon. Christian 
 
 Remembrancer. 
 
 u A laborious and learned work." British Critic- 
 " Mr. Faber verifies his opinions by demonstration. We cannot 
 
 pay it higher respect than by recommending it to all." Church 
 
 Of Eng. Quar. Review. 
 
 29. Mr. Husenbeth's professed Refutation of the Argu 
 ment of the Difficulties of Romanism, 1836, 8vo. See 
 Nos. 17, 18, and 22. 
 
 30. The Primitive Doctrine of Justification, 1837, Svo; 
 2d ed., 1839. 31. Vallenses and Albigenses, 1838, 8vo. 
 
 32. The Primitive Doctrine of Regeneration, 1840, 8vo. 
 
 33. The Doctrine of Transubstantiation, associated with 
 (34.) Remarks on Dr. Wiseman's Lectures on the Doctrines 
 of the R. C. Church, 1840, 8vo. 
 
 "This work will be found full of sound information and learn 
 ing, well disposed, and brought with good effect on the argument. 
 The whole book is written with logical force and precision, and 
 the sophistries of his antagonist clearly detected." ion. Gentle 
 man's Magazine. 
 
 35. Provincial Letters, on the " Tracts for the Times," 
 1842, 2 vols. 12mo; 2d ed., 1844, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " But this much we will say, that no one desirous of fully un 
 derstanding the whole of the controversy relative to the Tractarian 
 School should omit to procure these volumes. Mr. Painter has 
 done well, both for the Churchman and the Church, in drawing ! 
 forth from Mr. Faber these Provincial Letters; and Mr. Faber has | 
 proved more thau ever his love of that Church of which he is a 
 sincere and enlightened and high-principled supporter." Church 
 and State Gazette. 
 
 36. Eight Dissert, upon the promise of a Mighty Deli 
 verer, 1845, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Faber has not confined his attention to one branch of study 
 he has taken the whole range of prophecy ; and wherever pro 
 fane learning or Gentile traditions could throw any light on the 
 subject, he has not omitted fully and judiciously to avail himself 
 of the collateral helps for better understanding what may be called 
 the machinery of sacred visions and prophecies; and so more cor 
 rectly applying the highly wrought predictions to the truly corre 
 sponding historical events." Ch. of Eng. Quar. Review. 
 
 37. Letters on Tractarian Secession to Popery, 1846, 
 12mo. 38. A Reply to a Letter to G. S. Faber, by Christo 
 pher, Lord Bishop of Bangor, 1847, 8vo. 39. The Three 
 Unproved Assertions, <fcc., 1850, 12mo. Refers to Baptis 
 mal Regeneration. 40. Many Mansions in the Home of 
 the Father, 1851, 8vo. 41. Papal Infallibility, 1851, 8vo. 
 42. The Revival of the French Emperorship anticipated 
 from the necessity of Prophecy, 1853, 12nio; 4 eds. in the 
 same year. 
 
 It will be observed that Mr. Faber's forty-two publica 
 tions extend over a period of fifty-five years, i. e., 1799- 
 1853. Few who have written so much and so long have 
 BO well maintained their reputation. In this connexion 
 we may justly quote the remarks of the author of The 
 Christian Preacher : 
 
 " Mr. Faber is the most voluminous writer of the age. For seve 
 ral years his publications have appeared with surprising rapidity, 
 considering their nature; and yet not one of them bears any mark 
 of undue haste. His Horce Mosaicoz, Origin of I dolatry, Difficulties 
 of Romanism, Difficulties of Infidelity, and treatises on Election, 
 Justification, Regeneration, Apostolicity of Trinitarianism. &c., are 
 among the most valuable publications of modern times." Dr. E. 
 Wittiams's C. P. 
 
 Faber, John, Sr. Portraits of the Founders of Col 
 leges in Oxford and Cambridge, in mezzotinto, Lon., 1712, 
 large 4to, or small fol. They have been printed with the ad 
 dition of borders, and some of them have been retouched, 
 and published by Parker. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 Faber, Nicholas. A Woman's Prophecying, 4to. 
 Fabian, or Fabyan, Robert, d., according to Stowe, 
 1511, according to Bale, 1512, an alderman of London, is 
 celebrated as the author of Fabyan's Chronicle, whiche he 
 hymselfe nameth the Concordaunce of Historyes. This 
 history is divided into seven portions : 1st to 6th inclusive, 
 from the landing of Brute to the Norman Conquest; 7th, 
 from the Conquest to the year 1485. In this last we have 
 the results of his personal observations. He gives a copy 
 of verses as an epilogue to each portion, under the title of 
 the Seven Joys of the Blessed Virgin. Of the Chronicle 
 there have been five edits. viz., 1st, printed by Pynson, 
 
 1516, fol. ; 2d, printed by W. Rastell, 1553, 2 vols. fol. ; 3d, 
 printed by Wm. Bonham, 1542, 2 vols. fol. ; 4th, printed 
 by John Kyngton, 1559, 2 vols. fol. ; 5th, with a biogra 
 phical and literary Preface, and an Index by Henry Ellis, 
 1811, r. 4to. This is from Pynson's ed., collated with the 
 other eds., and a MS. of the author's own time, including 
 the different continuations. 
 
 " The first post in the sixteenth century is due to Robert Fabian, 
 an eminent merchant, and sometime Sheriff of London. Both Bale 
 and Pits subdivide his historical writings into a great many seve 
 ral treatises; but, I presume, what they call his Historariuin Con- 
 cordantiae is the sum of all. . . . He is very particular in tbe affairs 
 of London, many good things being noted by him, which concern 
 the government of that great city, hardly to be had elsewhere." 
 Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib. 
 
 " Our author's transitions from verse to prose, in the course of 
 a prolix narrative, seem to be made with much ease, and. when he 
 begins to versify, the historian disappears only by the addition of 
 rhyme and stanza. . . . As an historian, our author is the dullest 
 of compilers. He is equally attentive to the succession of the 
 mayors of London and of the monarchs of England ; and seems 
 to have thought the dinners at Guildhall, and the pageantries of the 
 city companies, more interesting transactions than our victories in 
 France, and our struggles for public liberty at home." Warton's 
 Hist, of Eng. Poetry ; and see Dibdin's Typ. Antiq. of G. Brit., and 
 Sir Henry Ellis's Pref to Fabyan's Chronicle, edit. 1811. 
 
 Fackler, David Morris. Letter to Rt. Rev. G. W. 
 Doane, Bp. of N. Jersey; vindicating his (F.'s) priesthood, 
 N. York, 1851, 8vo. 
 
 Facy, Wm. Stenography, 1672. 
 
 " This system exhibits no real improvement upon those of its 
 predecessors." Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 Faden, Wm. The Regal Table, Lon., 1718, 12mo. 
 
 Faden, Wm. G. 1. The Brit. Colonies in N. America, 
 1777, fol. 2. Geographical Exercises, 1778, fol. 3. Atlas 
 Minimus Universalis, 1798, 12mo. 
 
 Fage,John. Speculum Egrotorum : The Sick Man's 
 Glass, Lon., 1606, 8vo; 1638, 4to. 
 
 Fage, Mary. Fame's Rovle, Lon., 1637, 8vo. This 
 contains a roll of 420 persons of distinction. Bibl. Anglo- 
 Poet., 30, q. v. Sir M. M. Sykes, Pt. 1, 1162, 20 5s. 
 
 Fage, Robert. Infant Baptism, Lon., 1645, 12mo. 
 
 Fage, Robert. Descrip. of the World, Lon., 1658, 8vo. 
 
 Fair, F. M. Abridgt. of 1st Rep. of the Coinmiss. of 
 Cts. Com. Law, Lon., 1829, 8vo. 
 
 Fair, George. Weights and Measures. 
 
 Fairbairn. Act for Arming the Nation, 1803. 
 
 Fairbairn, John. Treatise on Breeding, Rearing, 
 and Feeding Cheviot and Blackfaced Sheep, 1823, 8vo. 
 
 Fairbairn, Rev. Patrick, of Salton. 1. Exposition 
 of the 1st Epist. of St. Peter, 1836, 2 vols. 12ino. 
 
 " Worthy of standing on the same shelf with Eruesti, Tholuck, 
 and others." Method. Mag. 
 
 2. The Typology of Scripture, Edin., 1845, '47, 2 vols. 
 12mo; 3d ed., 1857, 2 vols. Svo; Phila., 1853, 8vo. 
 
 "By far the soberest, most systematic, and most satisfactory 
 work of the kind which we have yet seen." Ch. of Eng. Quar. Rev. 
 
 "A learned, judicious, and truly evangelical volume." J. PYE 
 SMITH, D.D. 
 
 3. Comment, on the Psalms. Trans, from E. M. Heng- 
 stenberg, D.D., by Rev. P. Fairbairn and Rev. J. Thomson, 
 1845-48, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " We have met with no commentator who displays higher powers 
 or sounder qualifications than Prof. Hengstenberg." Churchman's 
 Monthly Review. 
 
 4. Jonah, his Life, Character, and Mission, 1849, 12mo. 
 5. Ezekiel, and the Book of his Prophecy, 1851, 8vo. 
 
 " A work which casts considerable light on one of the obscurest 
 portions of God's word." Kitto's Journal. 
 
 6. The Revelation of St. John; trans, from E. W. Heng 
 stenberg, D.D., Edin., 1851, 2 vols. Svo. 7. Prophecy, Ac., 
 1856, Svo. 8. Hermeneutical Manual, 1858, 8vo. 
 
 Fairbanks, George R. Hist, and Antiq. of the 
 City of St. Augustine, Florida, N. York, 1858, 
 
 Fairchild, Ashbel G., D.D. The Great Supper: 
 three discourses on Luke xiv. 16-24, Phila., 18mo. This 
 defence of the Calvinistic system has been widely circulated. 
 
 Fairchild, Thomas. On the different and sometimes 
 contrary motion in Plants, Phil. Trans., 1724. 
 
 Fairchild, Thomas. Serm., 1757. 
 
 Fairclough, Daniel and John. See FEATLEY. 
 
 Fairclough, Samuel. The Troublers Troubled, 
 Lon., 1641, 4to. Serms., 1650, '75. 
 
 Fairfax, B. Treatise of the Just Interest of the Kings 
 of England, &c., 1703, 12mo. In Laudem Botanices Oratio, 
 1717, 4to. Oratio Apologetica, Ac., 1718, 4to. 
 
 Fairfax, Brian, of Alexandria, Virginia, d. 1S02, aged 
 75. Serm. in Amer. Preacher, vol. i. 
 
 Fairfax, Bryan. 1. Cat. of the Pictures of the Duke 
 of Buckingham, Lon., 1751, 4to. 2. Cat. of his Library, 
 1756, Svo. This library was purchased by Mr. F. Child, 
 and all the catalogues except twenty destroyed. It came 
 
FAI 
 
 into the possession of the Countess of Jersey, Osterley 
 Park, Middlesex. 
 
 Fairfax, Edward, d. 1632, the second son of Sir 
 Thomas Fairfax, of Denton, Yorkshire, passed his days in 
 lettered ease at his seat at Fuyistone. He wrote a poetical 
 history of Edward, the Black Prince, twelve eclogues, a 
 Discourse of Witchcraft, some letters against the Church 
 of Rome, and a trans, of Tasso's Recovery of Jerusalem. 
 The letters seem to have been the only one of his compo 
 sitions which was printed, with the exception of the fourth 
 of his eclogues, which will be found in Cooper's Muses' 
 Library, 1737. The trans, of the Recovery of Jerusalem 
 was first pub. in 1600, fol. ; 2d ed., 1624, fol. ; 3d ed., 1687, 
 8vo. The 1st ed. is the most correct; the 2d and 3d are 
 corrupted by interpolations. 4th ed., 1749; more accurate 
 than the 2d and 3d, but occasionally modernized by the 
 editor without much taste or judgment. 5th ed., by Charles 
 Knight, from the old folio of 1600, 1817, 2 vols. 6th ed., 
 retaining the old orthography, by Mr. Singer, 1818, 2 vols. 
 7th ed., by Charles Knight, 1844, 2 vols. 8th ed., 1853, 
 2 vols. Amer. ed., last impression, 1855, 12mo. The Amer. 
 ed. gives the text of Charles Knight's ed. from the old folio 
 ed. of 1600. Prefixed -will be found a Critique on Fair 
 fax's Tasso, by Leigh Hunt, Charles Knight's Lives of 
 Tasso and Fairfax, and (taken from Singer's ed.) the Com 
 mendatory Poem by Robert Gould to the 3d ed., and a 
 Poem entitled The Genius of Godfrey to Prince Charles. 
 To this excellent ed. we must refer the reader for much 
 valuable information respecting Tasso and his translator. 
 See also Biog. Brit, for an interesting account of Fairfax, 
 by Dr. Kippis. Few translations have been honoured with 
 commendations from so many distinguished authorities. 
 The names of King James, King Charles, Dryden, Waller, 
 and Collins, by no means exhaust the list. 
 
 " Milton has acknowledged to me that Spenser was his original ; 
 and many besides myself have heard our famous Waller own that 
 he derived the harmony of his numbers from ' Godfrey of Bulloigne,' 
 which was turned into English by Mr. Fairfax." Drydm's Preface 
 to his Fables. 
 
 " Fairfax has translated Tasso with an elegance and ease, and 
 at the same time with an exactness, which, for that age, are sur 
 prising." HUME: History of England, 
 
 " We do not know a translation in any language that is to be pre 
 ferred to this in all the essentials of poetry." Lon.QuarterlyReview. 
 
 " Fairfax I have been a long time in quest of. Johnson, in his Life 
 of Waller, gives a most delicious specimen of him." CHARLES LAMB. 
 
 Dr. Johnson introduces the (Quotation to which Lamb 
 refers, with the remark that Fairfax's version, "after Mr. 
 Hoole's translation, will perhaps not be soon reprinted." 
 For comparisons of the two translations see authorities 
 cited above. 
 
 "Edmund [Edward] Fairfax, one of the most judicious, elegant, 
 and haply in his time most approved, of English Translators, both 
 for his choice of so worthily extoll'd a heroic poet as Torquato 
 Tasso, as for the exactness of his version, in which he is judged by 
 some to have approved himself no less a poet than in what he 
 hath written of his own genius." Phillips' s Theat. Poet. 
 
 Fairfax, Ferdinando, Lord, d. 1648. 1. Letter to 
 the Earl of Essex, Lon., 1643, 4to. 2. Letter rel. to the 
 Victory at Selby, 1644, 4to. 
 
 Fairfax, John. Life of 0. Stockton, 1681, 4to. 
 
 Fairfax, Nathaniel, M.D. Bulk and Selvedge of 
 the World, Lon., 1674, 12mo. Med. Ac. con. to Phil. Trans., 
 1667, '68. 
 
 Fairfax, Thomas, Lord, 1611-1671, the celebrated 
 Parliamentary general, was a warm friend to learning, and 
 gave to the Bodleian Library 29 ancient MSS. and 49 
 modern ones. He was the author of Short Memorials of 
 Thomas, Lord Fairfax, Lon., 1699, 8vo, and left many theo 
 logical, poetical, and other MS. compositions. See Biog. 
 Brit. ; Park's Walpole's R. & N. Authors ; Bibl. Brit. 
 
 "One can easily believe his having been the tool of Cromwell, 
 when one sees, by his own memoirs, how little idea he had of what 
 he had been about." HORACE WALPOLE: R. < N. Authors. 
 
 See also the Fairfax Correspondence, being Memorials 
 of the Civil War, from the Correspondence of the Fairfax 
 Family with the most Distinguished Personages engaged 
 in the contest; edited by Robert Bell; fine portraits and 
 facsimiles, 1849, 4 vols. 8vo, (pub. 3.) 
 
 "The discovery of the Fairfax MSS. is an era in modern literary 
 history. Crowded with minute details and individual experiences, 
 they bring us closer to the actual vicissitudes of those stirring 
 times than any previous publication ; and written, for the most 
 part, at the instant, on the field of battle or in the midst of councils 
 of war, they preserve a vigour and freshness which contrasts most 
 agreeably with the formal histories of the period." 
 
 Fairfax, Thomas. The Complete Sportsman; or, 
 Country Gentleman's Recreation, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Fairfax, Wm., eldest son of Edward Fairfax, the 
 translator of Tasso, trans. Diogenes Laertius out of Greek 
 into English. He was grammatical tutor to Thomas Stan 
 ley, the author of The Hist, of Philosophy. 
 
 FAL 
 
 Fairfield, Miss Genevieve Genevra, b. 1832, in 
 N. York, is the eldest daughter of Sumner Lincoln Fair- 
 field. 1. Genevra; or, The History of a Portrait, 2. The 
 Vice President's Daughter. 3. The Wife of Two Husbands. 
 4. The Innkeeper's Daughter, Irene, <fcc. Miss Fairfield is 
 a resident of the city of New York. 
 
 Fairfield, Mrs. Jane, widow of Sumner Lincoln 
 Fairfield, is a native of Rahway, N. Jersey. Life of Sum 
 ner Lincoln Fairfield, New York, 1846, 12mo. This is an 
 interesting volume, and does great credit to Mrs. Fairfield's 
 sensibility and conjugal affection. She is a resident of the 
 city of New York. 
 
 Fairfield, John. Reports of Cases in Sup. Ct. of 
 Maine, Hallowell, 1835-37, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Fairfield, Sumner Lincoln, 1803-1844, a native 
 of Warwick, Massachusetts, acquired considerable reputa 
 tion as a poet. His principal works are the following : 1. 
 The Cities of the Plain. 2. The Heir of the World, 1828. 
 3. The Spirit of Destruction, 1830. 4. The Last Night of 
 Pompeii, 1832. 5. The Sisters of Saint Clara. A collec 
 tion of his writings was pub. in Phila. in 1841. Many of 
 his poetical and prose writings were originally pub. in the 
 North American Magazine, a monthly periodical conducted 
 by him for some years in the city of Philadelphia. For 
 further particulars respecting Fairfield certainly a poet 
 of no ordinary rank we must refer to the biography by 
 his widow, Mrs. Jane Fairfield, noticed above. 
 
 " He wrote much, and generally with commendable aims. His 
 knowledge of books was extensive and accurate. He had consi 
 derable fancy, which at one period was under the dominion of culti 
 vated taste and chastened feeling." Griswold's Poets and Poetry 
 of America, q. v. 
 
 Fairholme, George. 1. A Genl. View of the Geo 
 logy of Scripture, in which the unerring truth of the in 
 spired narrative of the early events of the world is exhi 
 bited, and distinctly proved by the corroborative testimony 
 of physical facts on every part of the earth's surface, Lon., 
 1838, 8vo. A French trans., entitled Positions Ge"ologiques 
 et Verification directe de la Bible, was pub. at Munich in 
 1834, 8vo. 
 
 "We strongly recommend this work to the religious reader as 
 an armoury of facts, where he may choose defensive weapons 
 against the attacks of the infidel." Lon. Evang. Register. 
 
 2. New and Conclusive Physical Demonstrations, both 
 of the Fact and Period of the Mosaic Deluge, and of its 
 having been the only event of the kind that has ever 
 occurred upon the earth, 1838, 8vo; 2d ed., 1840, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Fairholme's two treatises (especially the last) are the most 
 scientific of all the publications which have hitherto been published 
 on the subject of the geological and other physical proofs of the 
 universal deluge recorded by Moses." Home's Bibl. Bib, 
 
 See LORD, DAVID N. 
 
 Fairholt, F. W. 1. Costume in England; A History 
 of Dress to the close of the 18th century, Lon., 1846, 8vo. 
 
 " One of the most useful and interesting books we have seen for 
 a long time." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 2. The Home of Shakspere Illustrated and Described, 
 1847, 12mo. An interesting little volume. 3. Remarkable 
 and Scientific Characters, 1849, sq. 
 
 Fairlie, Mrs. Portraits of the Children of the No 
 bility ; from drawings by Alfred E. Chalon and other emi 
 nent artists. Edited by Mrs. Fairlie, r. 4to. 
 
 "The conception of this publication was a brilliant idea." Lon, 
 Literary Gazette. 
 
 " A splendid volume. It is appropriately dedicated to the Queen, 
 and will, no doubt, speedily find its way into almost every aristo- 
 cratical mansion in the kingdom." Eclectic Review. 
 
 Fairman, Capt. 1. Drawback on Wine, 1804, 8vo. 
 2. Letters on the existing Differences between G. Brit, and 
 Amer., 1813, 8vo. 3. Reduc. of the Forces, 1814, 8vo. 
 
 Fairman, Wm. 1. Longitude at Sea, Lon., 1783, 4to. 
 2. Treatise on Geography, use of the Globes, and Astro 
 nomy, 1788, 8vo. 
 
 Fairman, Wm. 1. The Public Stocks examined, 
 Lon., 1795, 8vo; Appendix, 1796, 8vo. 2. Life Assurance, 
 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Fairwheater, Thomas. Serms., 1697, 4to. 
 
 Faithorn, John. Liver Complaint, 3d ed., 1818. 
 
 Faithorne, Wm., 1616-1691, a celebrated engraver, 
 a native of London. The Art of Engraving and Etching, 
 Lon., 1662. See Walpole's Anecdotes; Strutt's Diet.; Bry 
 an's Diet. ; Spooner's Diet. 
 
 Falch, N., M.D. Latitude at Sea, Lon., 1771, 4to. 
 Seamen's Medical Instructor, 1774, 8vo. Other works on 
 medicine, mechanics, Ac., 1772-79. 
 
 Falcon, Thomas. Serm., 1760, 8vo. 
 
 Falcon, Wm. Astrologorum Ludus, Lon., 1571, 4to. 
 
 Falconar, Harriet and Maria. 1. Poems, Lon., 
 1788, 12mo. 2. Poems on Slavery, 1788, 8vo. 3. Poetic 
 Laurels, 1791, 4to. 
 
 575 
 
FAL 
 
 . Falconbridge, Alex. Slave Trade, Lon., 1788, 8vo. I 
 Falconbridge, Anna Maria. Two Voyages to I 
 Sierra Leone, 1791, '92, Lon., 1794, 12mo; 1795. 
 
 Falconer, Sir David, of Newton. Decisions of the 
 Lords of Council and Session, Nov. 1681-Jan. 1686, Edin., 
 1701, 4to. 
 
 Falconer, David. Decisions of the Ct. of Sessions, 
 Nov. 1744-Dec. 1751, Edin., 1746-53, 2 vols. fol. 
 
 Falconer, David. A Journey from Joppa to Jeru 
 salem, in May, 1751, with occasional Notes, Lon., 1753, 4to. i 
 Contains many amusing passages. 
 
 Falconer, Hugh. Selections from the Bostan of 
 Sadi, Lon., 1838, 16mo. These selections comprise about j 
 a third part of the Moral Poems or chain of Apologues, the 
 Bostan of Sadi. 
 
 " Sadii opus perfectissimum Bustan." Gul. Jones. 
 In conjunction with Proby T. Cautley : Fauna Antiqua 
 Sivalonis; in Pts., fol., 1846, &c. 
 
 " A work of immense labour and research." Address of the Pre 
 sident of the Geological Society of London, 20th Feb., 1846. 
 
 Falconer, John. Cryptomenysis Patefacta; or, The 
 
 Art of Decyphering Secret Writing, Lon., 1685, 8vo; 1692. 
 
 Falconer, Magnus. 1. Experimental Inquiries on 
 
 Blood, <fcc., Lon., 1776, 8vo. 2. Synop. of Lect. on Anat. 
 
 and Surgery, 1779, 8vo. 
 
 Falconer, Capt. Richard. His Voyages, Danger 
 ous Adventures, and Imminent Escapes, Lon., 1724, 8vo; j 
 new ed., 1837, 18mo. This is said to be fictitious. It was 
 a great favourite of Sir Walter Scott: 
 
 " I Lave no hobby-horsical commissions at present, unless if you 
 meet the Voyages of Captain Richard or Robert Falconer, in one 
 volume 'cow-heel, quoth Sancho' I mark them for my own." 
 Scott to Daniel Terry, 20th Oct., 1813. 
 
 Scott had long vainly sought for this coveted volume : 
 " It is very scarce; for, endeavouring to add it to the other fa 
 vourites of my infancy, I think I looked for it ten years to no pur 
 pose, and at last owed it to the active kindness of Mr. Terry." 
 Scott's note on the fly-leaf of his copy. 
 
 " Many thanks for Captain Richard Falconer. . . . Nothing ever 
 disturbed my feelings more than when, sitting by the old oak 
 table, my aunt, Lady Raeburn, used to read the lamentable catas 
 trophe of the ship's departing without Captain Falconer, in conse 
 quence of the whole party making free with lime-punch on the eve 
 of its being launched." Scott to David Terry, Nov. 10, 1814. See 
 Lockhart's Life of Scott. 
 
 Falconer, Thomas, 1736-1792, a learned layman, 
 a native and resident of Chester, England. 1. Devotions 
 for the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, 1786, anon. Many 
 eds. 2. Chronological Tables from Solomon to the death 
 of Alexander the Great, Oxf., 1796, 4to. See strictures on 
 this work in Rev. Robert Walker's Historical Time, Lon., 
 1798, 8vo. 3. Strabonis Geographia. Gr. et Lat. This 
 was left unfinished, but was completed and pub. by Mr. 
 F.'s nephew, Rev. Thomas Falconer. 
 
 " It has been said that this edition, so long in preparation, dis 
 appointed the expectations of the learned. Whatever be the fact, 
 it is yet considered as the most valuable and ample edition of 
 Strabo, and copies are not to be procured under the sum of five or 
 six guineas." Dibdin's Introduc. to Gr. and Lat. Classics. 
 
 4. Observ. on Pliny's Account of the Temple of Diana 
 at Ephesus ; in Archaeol., vol. xi. 
 
 Falconer, Rev. Thomas, d. 1839, nephew of the 
 preceding. 1. The Voyage of Hanno, trans., Ac., Oxf., 
 1797, 8vo. 2. Remarks on Bryant on the War of Troy, 
 Lon., 1799, 8vo. 3. Strabonis, see ante. 4. Certain Prin 
 ciples in Evanson's Dissonance of the Evangelists, ex 
 amined in 8 discourses, preached 1810, at the Bampton 
 Lecture, Oxf., 1811, 8vo; Appendix, 1822, 8vo. Other works. 
 " To say that he has vanquished Evanson is to give but too little 
 praise. We set forth the volume as a magazine from which the 
 warrior in the cause of truth may fill his quiver." Edin. Christian 
 Instructor. 
 
 Falconer, Thomas. On the Discovery of the Mis 
 sissippi, Lon., 1844, 12mo. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, 
 anno 1844. 
 
 Falconer, Thomas, and E. H. Fitzherbert. 
 Reports of controverted Elections determined in H. C., 
 Lon., 1839, 8vo. 
 
 Falconer, William, 1730-1769, the son of an Edin 
 burgh barber, at a very early age became a sailor boy on 
 board a Leith merchantman. When in his 18th year, he 
 was wrecked in the Britannia off Cape Colonna, only three 
 of the crew being saved; and in 1760 suffered a second 
 shipwreck in the Ramilies, when of 734 souls only 26 
 escaped. In 1751 he pub. a Poem on the death of Frede 
 rick, Prince of Wales. This seems to have excited but 
 little attention. But eleven years later he gave evidence 
 of the possession of remarkable poetical powers by the 
 publication of The Shipwreck, (subsequently enlarged and 
 improved,) dedicated to the Duke of York. His royal 
 highness acknowledged the compliment of the dedication 
 
 FAL 
 
 by having the poet appointed a midshipman. After acting 
 in this capacity, and that of purser, for some time, he re 
 tired to the enjoyment of domestic life, having married a 
 Miss Hicks, daughter of the surgeon of Sheerness Yard. 
 He now pub. an Ode on the Duke of York's second depart 
 ure from England, as Rear-Admiral, and The Demagogue, 
 a satire on Lord Chatham, Wilkes, and Churchill. In 
 1769 he gave to the world A Universal Dictionary of the 
 Marine, 4to, 1771, '80, '84, '89. New and enlarged ed. by 
 Dr. Win. Burney, 1815, r. 4to. 
 
 " A grand National work, comprehending every thing relating 
 to the Marine of this country : a performance which displays great 
 industry, sagacity, and precision, and is indispensable to every one 
 concerned in maritime affairs. It is well worthy a place in every 
 English library." ion. Gent. Mag. 
 
 About this time he is said to have received proposals 
 from John Murray, afterwards the eminent publisher, to 
 enter into the book business. But the offer of the purser- 
 ship to the Aurora, about to sail to India, no doubt revived 
 all the sailor's love of the sea, and Falconer sailed in this 
 vessel from England, Sept. 30, 1769. She is known to 
 have touched at the Cape, but was never heard of after 
 wards. She is supposed to have foundered in the Mozam 
 bique Channel. It adds a melancholy interest to the 
 thrilling scenes depicted in The Shipwreck, to remember 
 that the author experienced all, not excepting the last and 
 most fearful, of the horrors which he has so graphically de 
 scribed. A second ed. of The Shipwreck was pub. in 1764, 
 8va; 3d ed., 1785, 8vo ; New ed., with critical Remarks, 
 additional Notes, and the Life of the Author, by the Rev. 
 James Stanier Clarke, 1804, 8vo. Other eds. of The Ship 
 wreck, 1808, r. 4to., 1818, 12mo. This last edition contains 
 an engraving of a ship, with references to an explanatory 
 table. The value of this auxiliary to a non-nautical reader 
 need not be enlarged on. The other productions of Fal 
 coner have never been highly estimated. An ed. of his 
 Poems, with a Memoir by the Rev. J. Mitford, (Pickering's 
 Aldine Poets, vol. xxxvii.) appeared in 1836, 12mo. In 
 The Shipwreck, Falconer describes an actual occurrence 
 in which he was a participator the wreck of the Britannia 
 off Cape Colonna: 
 
 " In all Attica, if we except Athens itself and Marathon, there is 
 no scene more interesting than Cape Colonna. To the antiquary 
 and artist, sixteen columns are an inexhaustible source of obser 
 vation and design ; to the philosopher, the supposed scene of some 
 of Plato's conversations will not be unwelcome; and the traveller 
 will be struck with the beauty of the prospect over ' isles that 
 crown the ^Egean deep;' but for an Englishman Colonna has yet 
 an additional interest, as the actual spot of Falconer's Shipwreck. 
 Pallas and Plato are forgotten in the recollection of Falconer and 
 Campbeil : 
 
 ' Here in the dead of night, by Lonna's steep, 
 The seaman's cry was heard along the deep. 
 (Pleasures of Memory.)" LORD BYRON. 
 
 " The Shipwreck has been always popular, and will remain so, 
 while British sympathies are excited by the hazards of those who 
 
 ' Sweep through the deep, 
 While the stormy tempests blow.' 
 
 It contains several fine descriptions of scenery. The characters 
 of the officers are drawn by a masterly pencil. The episode of 
 Palemon and Anna is exquisitely wrought." S. C. HALL. 
 
 The merits of this celebrated composition are indeed un 
 deniable. None but a great poet could have written The 
 Shipwreck, and that great poet must of necessity have 
 been a thorough sailor. What home and its placid attrac 
 tions are to the landsman, the sea and the storm were to 
 Falconer. He delights in decking the ocean with all the 
 terrific sublimity and wild beauty of which it is capable, 
 and then calling upon us to admire the picture : our admi 
 ration may be enforced, but whilst we tremble, we cannot 
 but applaud. 
 
 But a higher value is claimed for this poem than it 
 possesses as the means of mere intellectual gratification : 
 
 " It is of inestimable value to this country, since it contains 
 within itself the rudiments of navigation ; if not sufficient to form 
 a complete seaman, it may certainly be considered as the grammar 
 of his professional science. I have heard many experienced officers 
 declare, that the rules and maxims delivered in this poem, for the 
 conduct of a ship in the most perilous emergency, form the best, 
 indeed the only, opinions which a skilful mariner should adopt." 
 See Clarke's ed. of The Shipwreck. 
 
 Falconer, Wm., M.D., 1743-1824, a native of Chester, 
 and a brother of the Rev. Thomas Falconer, the reviewer 
 of Evanson's Dissonance of the Gospels, pub. many medi 
 cal treatises and other works, on natural history, theology, 
 Ac., a list of which will be found in the Bibl. Brit., and 
 in Gent. Mag. for Oct. 1824. 1. Remarks on the Influ 
 ence of Climate, <fcc. on Mankind, Lon., 1781, 4to. 2. An 
 Essay on the preservation of the Health of persons engaged 
 in Agriculture, <fcc., 1789, 8vo. 
 
 "The author discusses the employment of rural labourers, their 
 diet, accommodation, and medical treatment." Donaldson's Agri- 
 cuU.Biog. 
 
FAL 
 
 3. Miscellaneous Tracts and Collections on Nat. History 
 from the principal writers of Antiquity, 1793, 4to. 
 
 He was noted for his large stock of general information, 
 and an eminent friend, at whose table he often dined, 
 declared that 
 
 "He never saw such a man; that he knew every thing, and 
 knew it better than any one else." LORD THURLOW. 
 
 Faldo, John. 1. Quakerism no Christianity, Lon., 
 1675, 8vo. 2. 21 Divines cleared from the Crimination of 
 W. Penn, 1675, 8vo. 
 
 Faldo, Thomas. Reformation of Courts of Justice 
 and Proceedings at Law, 1649, 4to. 
 
 Fale, Robert. Report rel. to Brit. Fishery, Lon., 
 1786, 8vo. 
 
 Fale, Thomas. Art of Dialling, Lon., 1593, 4to, 1626. 
 
 Fales, Fanny. See SWIFT, MRS. FRANCES ELIZA 
 BETH. 
 
 Falgate, Isaac. Interest, 1699, 8vo. Tables of 
 do., 12mo. 
 
 Falkener, a surgeon. Case of Hydrophobia success 
 fully treated ; Med. Trans., 1772. 
 
 Falkener, Edward. I. Museum of Classical Anti 
 quities : a series of Papers on Ancient Art, edited by E. 
 F., Lon., 1855, r. 8vo. 
 
 2. Descrip. of some important Theatres and other Re 
 mains in Crete; being a supp. to No. 1, 1855, r. 8vo. 
 
 3. Inscriptiones Grgecas in itinere Asiatico collectas ab 
 Eivardo Falkenero edidit Gu. Henzenius. Ronise: ex 
 annalibus Archaeologici, Ann. 1852. 
 
 Falkener, or Falkner, Win., D.D. 1. Libertas 
 Ecclesiastica, Lon., 1674, 4to. 2. Christian Loyalty, 1679, 
 8vo. 3. A Vindication of Liturgies, 1680, 8vo. 4. Two 
 Treatises, 1684, 4to. 5. Serms. on the Visitation and 
 Burial Services : tracts of Angl. Fathers, iii. 311. 
 
 Falkirke, John de. Annals of Irish History, 1535- 
 1841, Lon., 1814, vol. i., 8vo. 
 
 Falkland, first Viscount. See CARY, HENRY. 
 
 Falkland, third Viscount. See CARY, HENRY 
 Lucius. 
 
 Falkland, second Viscount. See GARY, Lucius. 
 
 Falkland. Essay on Bigotry, Lon., 1791, 8vo. 
 
 Falkland. Review of the Irish H. of Com. and the 
 Parl. Representation, Dubl., 1789-90, 2 vols. 8w>. 
 
 " A curious and interesting -work." Lowndes's Kill, Man. 
 
 Falkland, Charles, Viscount. Consid. on the com 
 petency of the Parl. of Ireland to Union, Lori., T797, 8vo. 
 
 Falkland, W. 1. Iberia; a Poem, 1812. 2. Variety; 
 a Collection of Poems, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Falkner, Frederic. In conjunction with the Author 
 of British Husbandry : The Muck Manual for Farmers, 
 Lon., 1843, 12mo. New eel., 1846, fp. 8vo. 
 
 " A very useful book." LORD PALMERSTON. 
 
 " Much reliable fact, and we cannot get up from the reading of the 
 work without being benefited by the task." Lon. Gardener's Guide. 
 
 "A very neat and comprehensive work, and a very creditable 
 performance." Donaldson's AgricuU. Biog. 
 
 Falkner, Thomas, d. 1780, a Jesuit missionary of 
 Manchester, resided for nearly forty years in South Ame 
 rica. A Description of Patagonia and the adjoining parts 
 of South America, Lon., 1774, 4to. 
 
 " We have only to regret that the information we here receive is 
 not more accurate, and the author's authority, in many cases, less 
 exceptionable." Lon. Monthly Review, li. 1774. 
 
 Falkner, Wm., D.D. See FALKENER. 
 
 Fall, James. Serin., 1754, 8vo. , 
 
 Fall, Thomas. The Surveyor's Guide, or, every man 
 his own Road-maker, Retford, 1829, 12mo. 
 
 "A most valuable treatise. . . . Surveyors and farmers will be 
 much informed, and repaid by the labour of perusing this little 
 volume." Donaldson's Agricult. Sing. 
 
 Fallal, Ferdinando. Carmina Colloquia, or a dia 
 logue bet. the Devil and an Independent, Edin., 1649,4to. 
 
 Falle, Philip, 1655-1742, a native of Jersey, became 
 Rector of St. Saviour's in Jersey, of Shenley in Herts, 
 and Preb. of Durham. Serms., 1687-1715. Csesarea; or, 
 "an Account of the Island of Jersey, the greatest of those 
 islands that are now the only remainder of the English 
 Dominions in France, Lon., 1694, 8vo; with addits. and 
 corrections, 1734, 8vo. This work is highly esteemed. 
 
 Fallow, T. M., Curate of All-Souls, St. Marylebone. 
 The Order of Baptism, both Public and Private, according 
 to the use of the United Ch. of Eng. and Ireland, Lon., 
 1838, 12mo. It includes Synoptical Tables, showing the 
 alterations in the offices at the revisions, 1552, 1604, '61; 
 history of the conferences, reasons of the changes made, <fcc. 
 
 " If any man, who shall desire a more particular account of the 
 several alterations in any part of the Liturgy, shall take the pains 
 to compare the present book with the former, we doubt not but 
 the reason of the change may easily appear." Preface to the Bool; 
 Of Common Prayer, A.D. 1661. 
 
 37 
 
 FAN 
 
 Fallowes, Thomas. Method of Curing Lunatics; 
 Lon., 1705, 8vo. 
 
 Fallowfield, J. Christian Conductor, 1795, 8vo. 
 
 Fallowfield, John. Examination of Wm. Taswell's 
 Antichrist revealed among the Quakers, Lon., 1723, 8vo. 
 
 Fallstaff, Sir John. Original Letters of Sir John 
 Fallstaff. By the Rev. Henry Bate Dudley. 
 
 Fanch, James, a Baptist minister at Romsey. 10 
 Serms. on Practical Subjects, Keith, 1768, 12mo. 
 
 " A man of considerable learning and excellent judgment. His 
 sermons are fine specimens of sound divinity." Hist, of the Eng 
 lish Baptists. 
 
 Fancourt, Samuel, 1678-1768, a dissenting minister, 
 the inventor of circulating libraries in London, pub. several 
 serins, and theolog. treatises, 1720-46, &c. See Lon. Gent. 
 Mag., vol. liv. 
 
 Fane, Lady Elizabeth, wrote a number of psalms, 
 and pious meditations, and proverbs, printed by Robert 
 Crowland, Lon., 1550, 8vo, under the title of The Lady 
 Elizabeth Fane's 21 Psalms and 102 Proverbs. Ballard is 
 at a loss to know whether this lady was the wife of Richard 
 Fane or of Sir Thomas Fane. See Memoirs of British 
 Ladies. 
 
 Fane, Henry Edward, late Aide-de-Camp to his 
 Excellency the Commander-in-Chief in India. Five Years 
 in India, Lon., 1841, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " This is, undoubtedly, the most entertaining work illustrative 
 of India we have read of late years, and exactly the sort of work 
 the general reader will be sure to appreciate." Lon. New Monthly 
 Mag. 
 
 Fane, Sir Francis, Governor of Doncaster, subse 
 quently Governor of Lincoln, temp, Charles II. 1. Love 
 in the Dark ; a Com., Lon., 1675, 4to. 2. Masque for Lord 
 Rochester's Valentinian, 1685, Svo. 3. Sacrifice; a Trag., 
 1686, 4to. Sir Francis wrote a number of poems also. 
 Three will be found in Tate's Collection. 
 
 " 'Tis not in Dramatick Poetry alone that our Author is a Mas 
 ter, but his Talent is equal also in Lyricks." Langbaine's Eng. 
 Dram. Poets, q. v. 
 
 Fane, Hon. Julian. Poems, Lon., 1852, fp. Svo; 2d 
 ed., with additional Notes, 1853, 12mo. 
 
 Fannant, Edward. The Hist, of the Life, Reign, 
 and Death of Edward II., King of England, Lon., 1680, fol. 
 
 Faunant, Thomas. An Hist. Relation of the man 
 ner and form of that memorable Parliament which wrought 
 wonders, begun at Westminster, 1386, 1641, 4to. Another 
 ed. same year, with an addit. to the title. See Harleian 
 Miscellany. 
 
 Fannin, John. A Harmony and Exposition of our 
 blessed Lord's last Prophecy, Dubl., 1832, Svo. See this 
 noticed in Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Fanning, Golbert, d. 1810, in Tennessee. Correct 
 method of searching the Scriptures. Editor of the Agri 
 culturist, 5 vols. 8vo, and editor of and contributor to va 
 rious agricultural journals. 
 
 Fanshaw, Sir Thomas. Practice of the Exchequer 
 Ct. of the offices, officers, fec., Lon., 1658, 12mo. 
 
 Fanshaive, Ann Harrison, Lady, 1625-1680, the 
 eldest daughter of Sir John Harrison, and wife of Sir 
 Richard Fanshawe. Memoirs of, written by herself, now 
 first pub. from the original MS. To which are added Ex 
 tracts from the Corresp. of Sir Richard Fanshawe, Lon., 
 1829, Svo. Edited by Sir N. Harris Nicolas. 
 
 " A charming piece of autobiography." Lon. New Monthly Mag, 
 
 " These Memoirs will probably take their place by the side of 
 Mrs. Hutchinson's Memoirs, a praise which the admirers of the 
 latter will know how to estimate." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 " There is not much in this book, either of individual character 
 or public story. It is, indeed, but a small affair any way; but 
 yet pleasing, and not altogether without interest or instruction." 
 LORD JEFFREY: Edin. Review. 
 
 When the vessel that carried Lady Fanshawe from Ire 
 land to Spain was attacked, she put on men's clothes and 
 fought with the sailors. 
 
 Fanshawe, Catherine, a literary lady of the last 
 
 generation, was a great favourite with the brilliant circle 
 
 j of which Scott, Southey, Mackintosh, and Joanna Baillie, 
 
 : were such distinguished ornaments. She wrote a number 
 
 j of poetical pieces, of which the Enigma on the letter H 
 
 often ascribed to Lord Byron is the best known. 
 
 "Among the society at once so dazzling and so charming, there 
 was no name more distinguished for brilliant and various talent, 
 ; or for every attractive quality, than that of Catherine Fanshawe." 
 j Miss Mitfnrd's Recollections of a Literary Life. 
 j Fanshawe,SirRichard,1608-1666,husband of Lady 
 I F., see ante, was the youngest and tenth child of Sir Henry 
 i Fanshawe, Remembrancer of the Exchequer, and brother 
 I of Thomas, Lord Fanshawe. He was educated at Jesus 
 j Coll., Camb., travelled on the Continent, and became famous 
 | for scholarship and knowledge of modern tongues. Dur 
 ing the Rebellion he fought in the royal army, and was in 
 
 577 
 
FAR 
 
 FAR 
 
 1651 taken prisoner at the battle of Worcester. At the 
 Restoration he was employed in several diplomatic nego 
 tiations, and died at Madrid in 1666, whilst ambassador to 
 the court of Spain. 1. Trans, in rhyme of Guarino's II 
 Pastor Fido ; or the Faithful Shepherd. With other Poems, 
 Lon., 1646, '64, '76, 8vo. 
 
 " Sir John Denham, in his Verses on this Translation, infinitely 
 commends it: and tho' he seems to assent to our Author's Notions 
 touching Translations in general, yet he shews that Sir Richard 
 has admirably succeeded in this particular Attempt, as the reader 
 may see by the following Lines; where after having blaui'd servile 
 Translators, he goes on thus : 
 
 'A new and nobler Way thou dost pursue 
 To make Translations, and Translators too. 
 They but preserve the Ashes, thou the Flame, 
 True to his Sense, but truer to his Fame,' " &c. 
 
 Langbaine's Eng. Dram. Poets, q. v. 
 
 2. The Lusiad; or Portugall's Historicall Poem, trans, 
 from Luis de Camoens, 1655, fol. See comments on this 
 trans, in Mickle's Lusiad. 3. Querer por solo querer; or 
 to Love only for Love's sake; a Dramatick Romance. 
 4. Triestas de Aranjuez; these were trans, by Sir Richard 
 in 1654 from the Spanish of Antonio de Mendoza, 1671, 
 4to. 5. Original Letters and Negotiations of Sir Richard 
 Fanshawe, Ac., 1671, 4to; 1701, Svo; 1724, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 In this collection will be found many particulars connected 
 with the secret history of the period. See Life of Sir 
 Richard Fanshawe, by Edmund Turner, in Biog. Brit., a 
 new article, vol. v., 1793. In some copies of the account 
 of Sir Richard's Embassies in Spain and Portugal, there 
 occur after the Preface two leaves entitled A Short Account 
 of his Excellency Sir Richard Fanshawe, and his Writings. 
 A contemporary MS. note (printed in J. H. Burns's Cata 
 logue for 1827) thus reads : 
 
 " These two leaves were torn out by Mrs. Fanshawe, who is 
 mightily incensed at the Bookseller [Abel Roper] for printing them 
 without her knowledge. She thinks her father is injured by this 
 Account of him, and intends to publish an advertisement of it, for 
 which Roper threatens to sue her, alledging 'twill spoil the sale of 
 his books." 
 
 Faraday, Michael, the most eminent English che 
 mist now living, born in 1794, was the son of a poor black 
 smith. Whilst an apprentice to a bookseller in London, 
 he attended the four last lectures given by Sir Humphry 
 Davy as Professor to the Royal Institution. He took notes 
 of these lectures and sent them to Sir Humphry, who was 
 so much pleased with his remarkable talents that in 1813 
 he appointed him assistant in the laboratory. Mr. Faraday 
 has made many important discoveries in heat, light, mag 
 netism, electricity, &c. In 1832 he was made Doctor of 
 Laws by the University of Oxford. 
 
 1. Chemical Manipulation, 3d ed. revised, Lon., 1842, 8vo. 
 " No student should think of commencing the study of practical 
 
 chemistry without having previously perused this indispensable 
 guide." Proyi'ncial Medical Journal. 
 
 2. Experimental Researches in Electricity. Reported 
 from the Phil. Trans, of 1831-38; 2d ed., vol. i., 1849; vol. 
 ii., 1844. 3. Six Lectures on the Non-Metallic Elements, 
 by Dr. Scoffern, 1853, 12mo. 
 
 Farbrother, Roger. Serm., 1697, 4to. 
 
 Fardley, Wm. Francis and Josepha ; a Tale. From 
 the German of Huber, 1808, 8vo. 
 
 Farewell. An East India Colation, 1633. With a 
 eerm. by Farewell on the Indians, Jadis, 4 19s. 
 
 Farewell, James. The Irish Hudibras, or Fingal- 
 lion Prince, Ac., Lon., 1689, 8vo. 
 
 Farey, John, 1766-1826, an eminent surveyor and 
 geologist, a native of Woburn, Bedfordshire. General View 
 of the Agricult. and Minerals of Derbyshire, Lon., 1811, 
 '13, '17, 3 vols. 8vo. Pub. by order of the Bd. of Agricult. 
 
 "It contains a very valuable mass of information on the geo 
 logy of Derbyshire, which is one of the most interesting counties 
 in Britain to the geognost." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Con. to Phil. Trans., 1811 ; Nic. Jour., 1813 ; Phil. Mag., 
 
 Faria, Fenasco. His Narrative about the Popish 
 Plot, Lon., 1680, fol. 
 
 Farindon, or Faringdon, Anthony, 1596-1658, a 
 native of Sunning, Berkshire, was admitted scholar of Trin. 
 Coll., Oxf., 1612; elected Fellow, 1617; Vicar of Bray, 
 Berks, 1634; ejected during the Rebellion; subsequently 
 pastor of St. Mary Magdalen, Milk Street, London. He 
 was a most eloquent preacher. Serms., vol. i., 1647, fol. ; 
 vol. ii., 1663, fol. ; vol. Hi., 1673, fol. ; 2d ed. of vols. i. and 
 ii., with addits., 1672, fol.; new ed., 1849, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " A noted preacher, an eminent tutor, and a worthy example to 
 be imitated of all." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 "Without exception, the best preacher among the Episcopal mi 
 nisters of that age. The Clergy, in their visits to London, used, as 
 a matter of course, to attend his ministry ; for his pulpit was called 
 ' a divinity professor's chair.' His sermons are a treasure of sacred 
 erudition and theology." Dr. Williams'* C. P. 
 
 " Sanderson and Farindon, to an extensive and accurate know 
 ledge of divinity, united an admirable judgment, great clearness 
 of conception, and, above all, a fervent and unaffected spirit of 
 devotion." British Critic. 
 
 Farindon left some MS. memorials of the life of his friend, 
 the famous John Hales of Eton. 
 
 Farington. Religion of many of the Clergy of the 
 Ch. of England, Lon., 1707, 8vo. 
 
 Farington, Joseph, d. 1818. 1. Views of [20] the 
 Lakes, Ac. in Cumberland and Westmoreland, Lon., 1789, 
 oblong fol. 2. The Lakes of Lancashire, Westmoreland, 
 and Cumberland, 1816, imp. 4to. 
 
 Farington, Wm. Serms., Warring., 1769, 8vo. 
 
 Farish, Charles. Toleration of Marriage in the Uni 
 versities recommended, 1807, 8vo. 2. Minstrels of Winder- 
 mere, 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Farish, John, of Dumfries. A Treatise on Florin 
 Grass, 1810, 8 vo. 
 
 " His ideas of practice on the subject of florin grass might pro 
 bably have been worth being examined and recorded. They had 
 not upheld the use of the plant." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Farish, Wm. Report of Carnb. Bible Soc., 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Farley, Edward. Imprist. for Debt Unconstitu 
 tional and Oppressive, Lon., 1788, 8vo. 
 
 Farley, Harriet, a native of Claremont, New Hamp 
 shire, has been for a number of years a contributor to and 
 editor of The Lowell Offering, a monthly periodical, (com 
 menced January, 1841,) sustained by the literary labours 
 of the factory girls employed in the mills at Lowell, Mas 
 sachusetts. An interesting autobiographic letter from 
 Miss Farley (not intended for publication) will be found 
 in Mrs. Hale's Woman's Record. In 1847 she pub. a vo 
 lume in Boston, containing extracts from the periodical 
 under her charge, including some of her own contributions, 
 entitled Shells from the Strand of the Sea of Genius. A 
 selection from the Lowell Offering, entitled Mind among 
 the Spindles, with an Introduction by Mr. Charles Knight, 
 was pub. in London in 1849. It has been highly com 
 mended by English, French, 'and German critics. 
 
 Farley, Henry. 1. Complaint of Paules, 1616, 4to., 
 Reed, 6749, 2 4s. 2. St. Pavles Chvrch, her Bill for the 
 Parliament, 1621, 4to. A curious collection in prose and 
 poetry. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 262, 5 5s. 
 
 Farley, J. The Duty and Office of Church-warden in 
 Ireland, Dubl., 1823, 8vo. 
 
 Farley, or Farlie, Robert, a native of Scotland. 
 1. Kalendarium Humanae Vitae, The Kalendar of Man's 
 Life, Lon., 1638, sm. 8vo. This contains poems on the 
 four seasons, in Latin and English. 2. Lychnocausia, sive 
 Moralia Facium Emblemata: Lights, Morall Emblems, 
 1638, 12mo. 3. Naulogia, sive Inve'nta Navis, 4to. This 
 is a Latin Poem, inscribed in Prose and Verse to Sir Ro 
 bert Aytoun. 
 
 Farmer, A. W. Facts on the American Congress, 
 and the controversy with G. Brit. See Rich's Bibl. Ainer. 
 Nova. 
 
 Farmer, Henry T., a native of England, was for 
 some time engaged in commercial pursuits in Charleston, 
 S. C., and subsequently removed to New York, where he 
 became a medical student, and was licensed as a physician 
 in 1821. He practised medicine in Charleston, S. C., until 
 his death at the age of 46. Whilst a student, he pub. a 
 vol. entitled Imagination : The Maniac's Dream, and other 
 Poems. A specimen of his composition will be found in 
 E. A. and G. L. Duyckincks' Cyc.-of Ainer. Lit. 
 
 Farmer, Hugh, 1714-1787, a dissenting divine of 
 great learning, a native of a village near Shrewsbury, was 
 for some time a pupil of Dr. Doddridge. He officiated as 
 chaplain in the family of Wm. Coward of Walthamstow, 
 and was minister to a congregation in that village. Mr. 
 Coward always closed his house at six in the winter and 
 seven in the summer, and permitted no one, visitor or resi 
 dent, to enter his doors after the stated hour. On one oc 
 casion Mr. Farmer was shut out, and sought refuge in the 
 house of Mr. Wm. Snell. They liked their visitor, invited 
 him to stay where he was, and the accidental visit of a 
 night extended to thirty years. This reminds us of Dr. 
 Isaac Watts's thirty-six years' visit to Sir Thomas Abney's 
 family, and Dr. Johnson's long residence with the Thrales. 
 
 1. Serm. on the Suppression of the Rebellion of 1745, '46. 
 
 2. Christ's Temptation in the Wilderness, 1761, 8vo; 
 3d ed., 1776. 3. A Dissertation on Miracles, 1771, 8vo. 
 
 4. Exam, of Le Moine's Treatise on Miracles, 1772, 8vo. 
 
 5. Essay on the Demoniacs of the N. Test., 1775, 8vo. 
 
 6. Letters to Rev. Dr. Worthington in answer to his late 
 Treatise entitled An Impartial Inquiry into the Case of 
 the Gospel Demoniacs, 1778, 8vo. 7. Worship of Human 
 Spirits in the Ancient Heathen Nations, 1783, 8vo. See 
 
FAR 
 
 FELL, JOHN. Life by Michael Dodson, 1804, 5 vols. 8vo. 
 See this Memoir, and article in Biog. Brit. He left many 
 valuable MSS., which were destroyed. 
 
 " The works of Farmer are among the most ingenious and learned 
 theological productions of the last century. They contain many 
 things worthy of consideration ; but at the same time they require 
 to be read with caution. . . . Our Lord's temptation, according to 
 Farmer, was a divine vision; the demoniacs of the gospel were 
 merely persons strongly affected by certain diseases. . . . The chief 
 opponents of Farmer were Worthington and Fell, who were both 
 men of learning, but not equal to Farmer in acuteness and com 
 mand of temper." Orme's Bill. Bib., q. v. See also the remarks 
 of Bp. Watson. 
 
 Farmer, Jacob. Letter rel. to Irish Papists, 1642. 
 
 Farmer, John. 1. Divers and Sundry Wares, <fec. 
 upon one playn Song, Lon., 1591, 8vo. 2. English Madri 
 gals, 1599. 
 
 Farmer, John. Hist, of the Town and Abbey of 
 Waltham, and the Hist of Abbies, 977-1558, Lon.,1755, 8vo. 
 
 Farmer, John, a dissenting minister, brother of Hugh 
 Farmer, was assistant minister at Fetter Lane, London, 
 1730, and at Coggeshall, Essex, 1739. 20 Serms. on va 
 rious subjects, Lon., 1744, 8vo. 
 
 Farmer, John. Select Cases in Surgery, collected 
 in St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1757, 4to. 
 
 Farmer, John, 1789-1838, of Concord, New Hamp 
 shire. 1. Genealogical Register of the First Settlers of N. 
 England, Lancaster, Mass., 1829, Svo. 2. In conjunction 
 with J. B. Moore, Gazetteer of New Hampshire, Concord, 
 N. Hamp., 1823, 12mo. Mr. F. pub. several tracts on sub 
 jects of local history, and was a contributor to the Collec 
 tions of the Mass, and N. Hamp. Hist. Societies. 
 
 Farmer, R. 1. The Great Mysteries of Godliness and 
 Ungodliness discovered from the writings of the Quakers, 
 Lon., 1655, 4to. 2. A Plain Dealing and Plain Meaning 
 Sermon, 1660, 4to. 
 
 Farmer, Richard. Serm., Lon., 1629, 4to. 
 
 Farmer, Richard, a linen draper at Stow-on-the- 
 Wold, d. 1814, aged 49. The Soldiers; an Hist Poem, 
 1802, 8vo. Analysis of the Carbonated Chalybeate near 
 Stow, 1809, Svo. 
 
 Farmer, Richard, D.D., 1735-1797, a divine of ex 
 tensive learning, a native of Leicester, was educated at 
 Emanuel Coll., Camb., of which he became Master in 1775. 
 He subsequently became Vice-Chancellor and principal 
 Librarian of the University, and obtained prebends at 
 Lichfield and Canterbury. He exchanged the latter for a 
 canonry at St. Paul's. Both an English and an Irish 
 bishopric were offered to him and declined. In 1766 he 
 issued proposals for pub. a History of the Town of Leices 
 ter, from the MSS. of William [should be Thomas] Staveley. 
 He found the work too laborious, and gave his materials 
 to John Nichols, whose History and Antiquities of Lei 
 cester, 4 vols. fol., 1795-1811, is deservedly valued. In 
 1766, Svo, Dr. Farmer gave to the world his celebrated 
 Essay on the Learning of Shakspeare, 2d ed., with large 
 addits., 1767, Svo.; 12 copies on thick paper. Reprinted 
 in 1789 and in 1821. Also printed with Steevens's ed. of 
 Shakspeare, 1793, and the eds. by Read in 1803 and Har 
 ris in 1812. 
 
 The extent of Shakspeare's knowledge of the classics 
 which he so freely uses had long been a mooted point. 
 Farmer hit upon the only plan by which the question could 
 be settled. He proves that Shakspeare derived his know 
 ledge through translations, and not from the originals, by 
 showing that he has cited the phraseology, and even the 
 errors, of the translators. We must then agree with an 
 eminent critic who styles Farmer's Essay 
 
 "A work by which an end is put forever to the dispute concern 
 ing the learning of Shakspeare." DR. WARTOX. 
 
 Dr. Johnson and Farmer were well acquainted with each 
 other; and several letters from the lexicographer to the 
 Master of Emanuel College will be found in Boswell's Life 
 of the former. In one dated March 21, 1770, we find the 
 following reference to Farmer's Essay : 
 
 " In support of an opinion which you have already placed above 
 the need of any more support, Mr. Steevens, a very ingenious gen 
 tleman, lately of King's College, has collected an account of all the 
 translations which Shakspeare might have seen and used. He 
 wishes his catalogue to be perfect, and therefore entreats that you 
 will fevour him by the insertion of such additions as the accuracy 
 of your inquiries have enabled you to make." 
 
 We also find the following note in Langton's papers : 
 
 "Column, in a note on his translation of Terence, talking of 
 Shakspeare's learning, asks, 'What says Farmer to this ? What 
 says Johnson?' Upon this he observed, ' Sir, let Farmer answer 
 for himself: / never engaged in this controversy. I always said 
 Shakspeare had Latin enough to grammaticise his English ' " 
 See Boswell's Life of Johnson. 
 
 Dr. Parr excelled in epitaphs and other eulogistic flou 
 rishes. He complimented Farmer, both living and dead. 
 
 FAR 
 
 We regret that we lack space to enable us to give both or 
 either to the reader. And, alas! what space have we 
 wherein to depict the wonders of Farmer's library ? It 
 was sold by Mr. King, in 1798, and produced 2210, which 
 was about 1700 more than it was supposed to have cost 
 him. But for a continuation of this ravishing theme 
 ravishing, if our reader be a true Bibliomaniac we must 
 refer to Dibdin's Bibliomania. Those who are so unhappy 
 as to be without this volume deserve pity, and room or 
 no room they shall have a few lines about RARE RICHARI, 
 FARMER : 
 
 " How shall I talk of thee, and of thy wonderful collection, 
 RARE RICHARD FARMER ? and of thy scholarship, acuteness, plea 
 santry, singularities, varied learning, and colloquial powers ! Thy 
 name will live long among scholars in general; and in the bosoms 
 of virtuous and learned bibliomaniacs thy memory shall be ever 
 shrined ! The walls of Emanuel College now cease to convey the 
 sounds of thy festive wit ; thy volumes are no longer seen, like 
 Richard Smith's 'bundles of sticht books,' strewn upon the floor; 
 and thou hast ceased, in the cause of thy beloved Shakspeare, to 
 delve into the fruitful ore of black-letter literature. Peace to thy 
 honest spirit ; for thou wert wise without vanity, learned without 
 pedantry, and joyous without vulgarity. . . . Farmer had his fo 
 ragers, his jackals, and his avantrcouriers, for it was well known 
 how dearly he loved every thing that was interesting and rare in 
 the literature of former ages. As he walked the streets of London 
 careless of his dress, and whether his wig was full-bottomed or 
 narrow-bottomed he would talk and ' mutter strange speeches' to 
 himself, thinking all the time, I ween, of some curious discovery 
 he had recently made in the aforesaid precious black-letter tomes. 
 But the reader is impatient for the BIBLIOTHECA FARMERIANA." 
 
 Our readers also must be impatient for the Bibliotheca 
 Farmeriana, and procure it whenever the opportunity may 
 occur, which, we can assure them, will be very seldom. 
 It bears date May, 1798, and contains 8199 articles and 
 such articles ! But we forbear. 
 
 Farmer, Thomas. The Plain Truth, Lon., 1763, 4to. 
 This refers to the Essay on Women. 
 
 Farmer, Wm. Almanack for Ireland, Dubl., 1587, 4to. 
 
 " Perhaps the earliest Almanac printed in or for that country." 
 Watts Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Farmerie, Wm. Serms., 1710, '16. 
 
 Farnabie, or Farnaby, Thomas, 1575-1647, an 
 eminent grammarian, a native of London, studied for some 
 time at Merton Coll., Oxf., which he left for a college of the 
 Jesuits in Spain. Returning to England, he taught school 
 alternately at Martock in Somersetshire, in London, and 
 at Sevenoaks, in Kent. He had charge of the sons of 
 many of the noblemen, and acquired a large property. 
 During the Rebellion he suffered imprisonment as a friend 
 to the monarchy. He pub. several learned works com 
 mentaries on Juvenal, Persius, Seneca, Martial, Ovid, Te 
 rence, and Lucian, Index Rhetoricus, 1625, 8vo, Systema 
 Grammaticum, 1641, Svo, <fec. for particulars of which 
 see Athen. Oxon., Biog. Brit., and Genl. Diet. 
 
 The remark of his which offended the Parliamentarians 
 was, that it was " better to have one king than five hun 
 dred :" which shrewd reflection is of itself enough to prove 
 him a man of excellent sense. The nation soon came 
 round to his way of thinking. But good laws are the best 
 kings. 
 
 " He was the chief grammarian, rhetorician, poet, latinist, and 
 Grecian, of his time; and his school was so much frequented, that 
 more churchmen and statesmen issued thence than from any school 
 taught by one man in England." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Farnaby,Giles. Canzonets to Fovre Voyces,1598,4to. 
 
 " Farnaby assisted Ravenscroft in putting parts to some of the 
 Psalm-tunes published at the beginning of the next century." 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 Farneworth, Ellis, d. 1762, Rector of Carsington, 
 Derbyshire. 1. Life of Pope Sextus V., trans, from the 
 Italian of Gregorio Leti, Lon., 1754, fol. ; Dubl., 1778, 8vo. 
 2. A short Hist, of the Israelites, trans, from the French 
 of Abbe" Fleury, Lon., 1756, Svo. 
 
 " This little book contains a concise, pleasing, and just account 
 of the manners, customs, laws, polity, and religion, of the Israelites. 
 It is an excellent introduction to the reading of the Old Testament, 
 and should be put into the hands of every young person. An ele 
 gant English version of it, by Mr. Farneworth, was first printed 
 in 1756." Vide Bishop Home's Discourses, vol. i. 
 
 New ed., by Adam Clarke, q. v., 1805, 12mo. 3. The 
 Hist, of the Civil Wars of France, trans, from the Italian 
 ofDavila, 1757, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 " The great historian of this time is Davila. His work may be 
 referred to in all the more important particulars, especially with 
 respect to the views, interests, and intrigues of the different leaders 
 and factions." Prof. Smyth's Lect. on Mod. Hist. 
 
 And see AYLESBTTRY, WM.; COTTEREL, SIR CHARLES. 
 
 4. The Works of Machiavel, trans, and illustrated with 
 Notes, Anecdotes, and Life, 1761, 2 vols. 4to; 1775, 4 vols. 
 Svo. See BEDINGFIELD, THOMAS. 
 
 " We are told in the House of Commong by Mr. Fox, that the 
 authority of Machiavel is great. The founders of the French Re 
 public, and refounders of it, seem always to have had Machiavel's 
 Discourses or Livy in their view." Pursuits of Literature. 
 
 579 
 
FAR 
 
 FAR 
 
 "Machiavelli, in his history of Florence, instructed the Italians 
 in the art of uniting the eloquence of history with the depth of 
 reflection. He has attached himself much less than his predeces 
 sors in the same line, to the narration of military events. But his 
 work, as a history of popular passions and tumults : is a master 
 piece ; and Machiavelli has completed, by this noble example of his 
 theories, his analysis of the human heart. He has left three come 
 dies, which, by the novelty of the plots, by the strength and viva 
 city of the dialogues, and by their admirable delineation of charac 
 ter, are far superior to all that Italy had then, or has perhaps since, 
 produced." Sismondi. 
 
 We lack space, and it does not enter into our plan, to 
 discuss the vexed question of the morale of Machiavelli's 
 remarkable productions. An excellent paper on the sub 
 ject will be found among Mr. T. B. Macaulay's Miscellanies. 
 
 I'urnluun, Mrs. E. W. Life in Prairie Land, N. 
 York, 1846, 12mo. A work of great sprightliness, which 
 should be read by all who think of "emigrating to the 
 Western Country." 
 
 "This is a delightful book, and will afford most agreeable read 
 ing. The authoress has a quick eye and graphic pen, and describes 
 the statistics of a large city or the peculiar mode of a sun-bonnet 
 with the same facility and pleasantness." 
 
 " It is made up of a series of charming and lifelike pictures of a 
 personal residence in the Far West perfect daguerreotypes of a 
 settler's daily habits, &c., together with graphic sketches of travel 
 in various sections of that fer-spreading and fertile country. The 
 work is enlivened by a rich vein of irresistible humour, interwoven 
 with passages of great power and eloquent beauty, eminently im 
 pressive and suggestive." Democratic Review. 
 
 Fa rnh a in, Rt. Hon. Barry Maxwell, Earl of. 
 Examination into the Principles of the Speech of Lord 
 Minto, <fcc., Dubl., 1800, 8vo. See Park's Walpole's R. & 
 N. Authors. 
 
 Farnworth, Richard, pub. a number of theolog. 
 treatises, 1653-58. 
 
 Farquhar, David. The Torch of Time, Lon., 1849, 
 12mo. This is one of three excellent Prize Essays, origi 
 nally pub. in one volume, intended to exhibit the Temporal 
 Advantages of the Sabbath considered in relation to the 
 Working Classes. The subject is one of great importance 
 to the best interests of Society. 
 
 Farquhar, Ferdinand. The Relics of a Saint: a 
 right merry Tale, Lon., 1816, 12mo. 
 
 Farquhar, George, 1678-1707, a comic dramatist, 
 the son of a clergyman, was a native of Londonderry. In 
 1694 he was sent to Trinity Coll., Dublin, which he de 
 serted for the boards of the Dublin theatre. He left the 
 stage in consequence of having accidentally stabbed a 
 brother actor not fatally, however whilst playing Guyo- 
 mar in the Indian Emperor of Dryden. His friend Wilks, 
 the famous actor, persuaded him to turn author; and, un 
 fortunately for the world, a lieutenant's commission, con 
 ferred upon him by Lord Orrery, enabled him to corrupt 
 the age by his licentious plays, instead of being obliged 
 to get his living by some honest employment. 1. Love 
 and a Bottle; a Comedy, 1698. 2. Constant Couple; or, 
 Trip to the Jubilee ; a Comedy, 1700, '10, 8vo. 3. Sir 
 Harry Wildair; or, The Sequel of the Trip to the Jubilee; 
 a Comedy, 1701. 4. Miscellanies ; or, Collection of Poems, 
 Letters, and Essays, 1702. 5. The Inconstant; or, The 
 Way to Win Him; a Comedy, 1703. 6. The Stage Coach; 
 a Farce, 1704. 7. The Twin Rivals; a Comedy. 8. The 
 Recruiting Officer; a Comedy, 1706. 9. The Beaux Stra 
 tagem ; a Comedy. Works, containing all his Poems, Let 
 ters, Essays, and Comedies, 10th ed., corrected, 1772, 2 
 vols. 12mo. Farquhar's Dramatic Works have been re 
 cently republished in the same volume with those of Wy- 
 cherley, Congreve, and Vanbrugh, Lon., 1849, r. 8vo, by 
 Moxon. Prefixed will be found a critical notice of his 
 Life and Writings, by Leigh Hunt, (see also his paper in 
 the London Athenaeum, January 2, 1841,) who has incor 
 porated into his article Charles Lamb's sophistical and 
 mischievous essay, entitled On the Artificial Comedy of 
 the last Century. The curious reader can also consult the 
 Biog. Brit., Biog. Dramat., Gibber's Lives, and Spence's 
 Anecdotes. 
 
 ng< He im Proved in each play ; his last was 
 f l ^ ed ' he would P rob *t>ly have made a very good 
 
 writer that way.-OLDi 8 woRTH : ^pence's Anecdotes. 
 f^ sidering the manner of writing then in fashion, the purity 
 
 JSJJSl ft U< ?h Dg8 St e is quite sun>n g .-L. (He spoke 
 of Farquhar at the same time as a mean poet, and as placed bv 
 gome in a higher rank than he deserved. Mr Pope alwayS used 
 to call Farquhar a ferce-writer.") Ibid. 
 
 "As a writer, the opinions of critics have been various The 
 general character which has been given of his comedies is that the 
 success of most of them fer exceeded the author's 1*^*. 
 that h was particularly happy in the choice TS sublets Seh 
 he always took care to adorn with a great variety of characters and 
 incidents; that his style is pure and unaffected, his wit natural 
 and flowing, and his plots generally well contrived. But then 
 on the contrary, it has been objected that he was too hasty in his 
 
 productions; that his works are loose, though not indeed so grossly 
 libertine as those of some other wits of his time; that his imagina 
 tion, though lively, was capable of no great compass ; and his wit, 
 though passable, not such as would gain ground on considera 
 tion." Biog. Dramat. 
 
 " He seems to have been a m&n of a genius rather sprightly than 
 great, rather flowery than solid. His comedies are diverting, be 
 cause his characters are natural, and such as we frequently meet 
 with: but he has used no art in drawing them, nor does there ap 
 pear any force of thinking in his performances, or any deep pene 
 tration into nature, but rather a superficial view, pleasant enough 
 to the eye. though capable of leaving no great impression on the 
 mind." Gibber's Lives. 
 
 " Farquhar is a light and gay writer, less correct and less spark 
 ling than Congreve, but he has more ease, and, perhaps, fully as 
 great a share of the vis comica. The two best" and least excep 
 tionable of his plays are the ' Recruiting Officer' and ' Beaux Stra 
 tagem.' I say the least exceptionable ; for, in general, the tendency 
 of both Congreve and Farquhar's plays is unmoral." DR. BLAIR: 
 Lect. on Khet. and Belles-Lettres. 
 
 We have already given our opinion at length upon 
 authors of this class in the articles on BEAUMONT and 
 FLETCHER, and JEREMY COLLIER. 
 
 Farquhar, John, minister at Nigg. Serms., 4th ed., 
 edited by Drs. Geo. Campbell and Alex. Gerard, Lon., 
 1792, 8vo. 
 
 "A good judge will not be at a loss to discern in this preacher 
 au eminent clearness of apprehension, correctness of taste, a lively 
 imagination, and delicate sensibility to all the finest feelings of 
 which human nature is susceptible." Editor's Preface. 
 
 ' ; We recollect of reading his sermons the first time with a delight 
 bordering on enthusiasm. They discover a cultivated mind and 
 a feeling heart; much rational piety, and becoming zeal for the 
 eternal interests of man." Dr. D. Scot. 
 
 Farquhar, Robert Townsend. Suggestions rel. to 
 Pop. of Brit. W. Indies, and abolition of Slave Trade, 1807. 
 
 Farquharson, George. Reports of Trials, Ac., 
 1808, '09, '11, Ct. of Chancery. Lett. rel. to Lord Eldon, 
 1825. 
 
 Farquharson, Wm., M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 1788; 
 to Mem. Med., 1789, '92. 
 
 Farquharson, Wm. Truth in pursuit of Colonel 
 Wardle, 1810. Was he caught? 
 
 Farr, Edward. 1. Version of the Psalms of David. 
 2. The People of China. 3. Bible Biography, fp. 8vo ; 2d 
 ed., 1847. 4. Select Poetry, 1845, 2 vols. 18mo; 1847, 
 r. 18mo. 5. Jephtheginia, or Jephtha's Daughter, and 
 other Poems, 1846, 32mo. 6. Collegiate, School, and 
 Family Hist, of Eng., 1848, 12mo. 
 
 " Certainly the best school and family history of England we 
 have seen." Lon. Critic. 
 
 7. The Hist, of France. 8. Manual of Geography for 
 Schools, 1850, 12mo. 
 
 Farr, Samuel, M.D., 1741-1795, a native of Taunton, 
 Somerset. 1. Acids, Lon., 1769, 12mo. 2. Animal Motion, 
 1771, 8vo. 3. Aphorism! de Marasmo ex Suminis Medicis 
 Collectis, 1772, 12mo. 4. Blood-letting in Consumption, 
 1775, 8vo. Dr. Farr was opposed to the practice. 5. Hist, 
 of Epidemics, from Hippocrates, 1781, 4to. 6. Elements 
 of Medical Jurisprudence, 1788, 8vo.; 1811, 1815, 12mo. 
 A trans, from the work of Fascelius, with addits. by Farr. 
 7. On the Use of Cantharides in Dropsical Complaints, 
 Mem. Med., 1789. 
 
 Farr, Wm., M.D. Locked Jaw and Opisthotonas ; 
 Med. Obs. and Inq., 1770. Meteorolog. Observ. at Ply 
 mouth and Bristol, 1768, '69. 
 
 Farr, Wm. 1. Essay on Cancer, Lon., 8vo. 2. Trea 
 tise on Scrofula, 8vo. 3. Medical Guide to Nice, 1841, 
 12mo. Mr. Farr is editor of the London Medical Annual. 
 
 " Some of the most elaborate and important papers in the Annual 
 Reports of the Registrar-General [London] have been written by 
 Mr. W. Farr, and reflect the highest credit on his ability, extensive 
 mathematical and medical learning, and industry." McOuttocWs 
 Lit.ofPolit. Econ. 
 
 Farrant, Henry Letters rel. to the See of Canter 
 bury, Lon., 1716, 4to. 
 
 Farrant, Richard, d. about 1585, an eminent com 
 poser of music, was a gentleman of the Chapel Royal in 
 1564. Some of his music will be found in the collections 
 of Boyce and Barnard. 
 
 Farrar, Eliza, the wife of Professor John Farrar, of 
 Harvard, is well known as the author of The Children's 
 Robinson Crusoe, the Life of Lafayette, the Life of How 
 ard, Youth's Letter Writer, Ac. The most popular of her 
 volumes is The Young Lady's Friend, first pub. in 1837, 
 and frequently reprinted in England and America. 
 
 "It contains no flights of fancy, or attempts at fine writing, but 
 for sound practical sense, expressed in good English, and in a style 
 perfectly adapted to the subject, it is a work worthy of Hannah More 
 or Maria Edgeworth." Hart's Female Prose Writers of America. 
 
 Farrar, John, has pub. many valuable works (issued 
 in Boston, Mass.) on Nat. Philos., Topography, and various 
 branches of the mathematics. 
 
 Farrar, Rev. John. 1. Proper Names of the BibJo, 
 
FAR 
 
 FAU 
 
 2d ed., 1844, fp. 8vo. 2. Biblical and Theolog. Diet, 1852, 
 12mo. 3. Ecclesiastical Diet., 1853, 12mo. 
 
 Farrar, Richard. Political tracts, 1648, '60. 
 
 Farrar, T. Report of the Dartmouth College Case, 
 Portsmouth, 1819, 8vo. 
 
 Farre, John R., M.D. Hydrocele, 1798, 8vo. The 
 Liver, 1812-15, 4to. Saunders on the Eye, 1812, 8vo. 
 The Heart, 1814, 8vo. Cynanche, in Med. Chir. Trans., 
 1812. 
 
 Farre, Samuel. See FARR. 
 
 Farrel, Mrs. Charlotte ; or, the sequel to the Sorrows 
 of Werter; and other Poems, 1792, 4to. 
 
 Farrel, Charles, M.D. Ophthalmia, 1810, '11. 
 
 Farrel, George. Serm., 1716, 8vo. 
 
 Farrel, James A. State of the Nation, 1816, 8vo. 
 
 Farrel, John. Hist and Polit View of Geneva in the 
 18th Cent, from the French of F.D'Ivernois, Lon.,1784, 8vo. 
 
 Farrel, R. Union or Separation, 1798, 8vo. 
 
 Farrel, R., M.D. Lect. of Boyer on Diseases of 
 the Bones, by A. Richmond, trans, from the French, Lon., 
 1801, 2 vols. 8vo. Researches into the laws of Chemical 
 Affinity, from the French of C. L. Berthollet, 1804, 8vo. 
 
 Farren, Edwin James. 1. Hist Essay on the 
 Early Progress of Life Contingencies, Lon., 1844, 8vo. 
 
 "This, and Mr. Milne's historical account in the Encyclopaedia 
 Britannica, are the only ones of which we know, that treat the 
 subject at any length." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 2. Life Contingency Tables, Part 1. Chances of Prema 
 ture Death, 1850, 4to. 
 
 Farren, George. 1. Life Assurance, Lon., 1822, 8vo. 
 2. Statute made Easy, 1837, ISmo. 3. Key to Statutes, 
 Ac., 1837, 18mo. 4. Handbook for Judges, Barristers, Ac., 
 1839, 8vo. 5. Bill of Costs in Chancery, 1840, 12mo. 
 
 6. Rules for Reading Acts of Parliament, 1840, 18mo. 
 
 7. Digest of Equity and Common Law Reports, 1841, 8vo. 
 
 8. Chart of Chancery Practice, 1841, sheet 9. Common 
 Rules and Forms for drawing Bills in Chancery, 1842, 
 18mo. Amer. ed. with addits. adapted to U. States Cts. 
 of Equity, Ac., Boston, 1845, 12mo. This is a reprint of 
 Nos. 9 and 10. See BARBOUR, OLIVER LORENZO; Chancery 
 Practice. 10. Common Forms, Ac., answering a Bill in 
 Chancery, Lon., 1844, 18mo. 11. Liabilities of Members 
 of Public Companies and Partnerships, 1844, 12mo. 
 
 Farrer, E. The Trial of Abraham; a Dramatic 
 Poem, 1790, 8vo. 
 
 Farrer, Isaac. Serm., 1768, 8vo. 
 
 Farrer, John. 1. Hebrew Poems, Lon., 1780, 4to. 
 2. America; a Poem, 1780, 4to. 3. Serm., 1801, 4to. 
 
 4. Serms. on the Mission and character of Christ, with 
 those preached at the Bampton Lecture, Oxf., 1804, 8vo. 
 
 5. Serins, on the Parables. New ed., 1809, 8vo. 
 Farrer, John. 1. The Hist of Limerick, 1792, 8vo. 
 
 2. A View of Ancient and Modern Dublin, 1796, 8vo. 
 
 Farrer, Mary. The Appeal of an Injured Wife 
 against a Cruel Husband, Lon., 1788, 8vo. 
 
 Farrer, Wm., M.D. 1. Med. treatise from Tissot, 
 Lon., 1767, 8vo. 2. Rickets in Children, 1773, 12mo. 
 
 Farrer, Wm., LL.D. 1. Brief Outline of the Study 
 of Theology, trans, from the late Dr. Frederick Schleier- 
 macher, with Reminiscences of Schleiermacher, by Dr. 
 Frederick Liicke, Lon., 1850, 8vo. 
 
 " The work of a gigantic mind. It is incomparably the most 
 suggestive work we ever read ; every sentence is a mine of thought." 
 KiWrs Journal. 
 
 2. First Lines of Christian Theology, by John Pye 
 Smith, D.D., LL.D., Ac., edited from the author's MSB., 
 with addit. Notes and References, 1854, 8vo. See SMITH, 
 JOHN PYE, D.D., LL.D. 
 
 Farres, Capt. Speech to Earl of Warwick, on behalf 
 of the County of Essex, Lon., 1642, 4to. 
 
 Farresley, Thomas. Modern Cases in Ct of K. B. 
 at Westminster, reign of Q. Anne, Lon., 1716, fol. See 
 Modern Reports, vol. viii., in Marvin's Leg. Bibl. 520, and 
 Wallace's Reports, 47. 
 
 Farrington, Rev., of Dinas. Of the Char-Fish in 
 North Wales; Phil. Trans., 1755. 
 
 Farrington, J. Britannia Depicta. 
 
 Farrington, John. Origin of the Grandeur of the 
 Court of Rome. From the French of Abbe" Vertot, Lon., 
 1754, 8vo. 
 
 Of this celebrated writer we find the following bio 
 graphical sketch in Biographie Universelle, nouvelle 
 Edition, Bruxelles, 1843-47, 21 vols. imp. 8vo : 
 
 "Rene Anbert, Abb6 de Vertot, celebre historien, ne le 25 No- 
 vembre, 1655, au ch&teau de Benetot, dans le pays de Caux, em- 
 brassa 1'etat ecclesiastique, et ne tarda pas a donner des preuves 
 d'une devotion exaltee, qui le conduisit, a 1'insu de sa famille, dans 
 un convent de capucins. Mais bientot sa vie fut en peril, et on le 
 deciela, non sans peine, a entrer dans 1'ordre moina austere des 
 
 Pr6montrs. Le prieurfi de Joyenval lui fut confers par un bref 
 du pape et des lettres du roi; mais les murmures de ses confreres 
 le deciderent a s'en demettre, et il obtint la cure de Croissy-la- 
 Garenne, pres de Marly. II se livra alors d 1'etude, sans negligei 
 sesdevoirsde pasteur,etfit imprimeren 1689 son premier ouvrage, 
 VHistoire fie la Conjuration du Portugal. Bientot apres il obtint 
 une cure d'un assez gros revenu, aux portes de Rouen, et n'en 
 travail la qu'avec plus d'ardeur. Sept ans apres son premier 
 ouvrage, il publia VHistoire des Revolutions de Suede, dont cinq 
 Editions parurent coup sur coup, avec la meme date, et qui fut 
 traduite en plusieurs langues. En 1701, lorsque le roi donna une 
 forme nouvelle a 1'AcadSmie des Inscriptions, Vertot rec.ut le titre 
 d'associe. On se relfccha pour lui de la rigueur du reglement qui 
 exigeait residence, et il lui fut permis de ne venir singer qu'en 
 1703. II fut nomm pensionnaire en 1703 ; et des lors nul ne se 
 moutra plus assidu ni plus zele. En 1710 il fit parattre un Traiti 
 de, la Mouvance de Brltagne, ou il combattait les pretentious des 
 Bretons a se dire independants de la monarchic franchise, avec 
 laquelle ils etaient lis plutot que confondus. Mais son oeuvre 
 favorite etait VHistoire des Revolutions de la Ripublique Romaine, 
 qui parut en 1717 et obtint des applaudissements universels. Ce 
 fut alors que 1'ordre de Malte le pria de rediger ses annales en un 
 corps complet d'histoire, qu'il publia en 1726. Pendant qu'il tra- 
 vaillait a ce long ouvrage, il fut nommS secretaire interprete. puis 
 secretaire des commandements de la princesse de Bade, femme du 
 due d'Orleans, fils du regent, et se trouva ainsi en possession d'un 
 revenu considerable et d'un logernent au Palais Royal. II passa 
 la derniere partie de sa vie dans 1'aisance et le repos, mais aussi 
 dans un etat d'infirruite continuelle, qui Pempecha d'executer les 
 divers projets qu'il avait en tete. Vertot mourut le 15 Juin, 1735. 
 On dut regretterde son temps plus qu'on ne le ferait aujourd'hui, 
 qu'il cut cess6 d'ecrire. L'histoire etait pour lui, avant tout, 
 une oeuvre litteraire : il n'aspirait point a saisir la verite de couleur 
 et negligeait le scrupuleux detail des faits pour viser presque 
 uniquement 1'effet dramatique. On en tend de nos jours autrement 
 le devoir de 1'historien. L'edition la plus complete de ses (Euvres 
 choisies est celle de Paris, 1819 a 1821, 12 vols. in 8vo." 
 
 The historical reader must not fail to peruse the criti 
 cism of Gibbon on Vertot's account of the Social War, 
 (Vertot, ReVolut Rom., torn. iii. 26-30.) We quote a few 
 lines from the introduction and a few from the conclusion : 
 
 "I shall venture to make some reflections on this extraordinary 
 war, the principal circumstances of which have been somewhat mis 
 represented by the Abbe Vertot, an author whose works are read 
 with the same pleasure as romances, to which in other respects they 
 bear too much resemblance. . . . The Abb6 Vertot, when he ex 
 plained the difficulties with which the Romans had to contend, 
 should also have mentioned the resources by which they were enabled 
 to surmount them." Gibbon's Mscell. Works, ed. 1837, 8vo, 510, 512. 
 
 Whilst the reader has this fascinating volume in his hands, 
 let him turn back to page 385, and mourn with us that the 
 learned historian never carried out his admirable project 
 of " a seventh or supplemental volume" to his great work. 
 
 Farrington, Richard. 20 Serms., Lou., 1741, 8vo. 
 
 Farro, Daniel. Royal Universal Brit Grammar 
 and Vocabulary, Lon., 1754, 8vo ; 1776. R. G. Instructor 
 for Youth, 1776, 12ino. 
 
 Farthing, John. Short Writing Shortened, 1654. 
 See Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 Farthing, Ralph. Serm., 1722, 8vo. 
 
 Fary. John. Serm., Lon., 1645, 4to. 
 
 Fasquelle, Jean Louis, F.B., LL.D., b. 1808, in 
 France, settled in the U. S. in 1834. Appointed Prof, of 
 Languages, Ac. in the University of Michigan in 1846. 
 1. A new method of learning the French language, 20th 
 ed., N. Y., 1854. 30,000 copies of this work have also 
 been published in England. 2. Teleinaque, with notes and 
 grammatical references. 3. The Colloquial French Reader, 
 4th ed., 1854. 4. Napoleon, (Dumas,) with notes, Ac. 5. A 
 general and Idiomatical Dictionary of the French and 
 English Languages. 
 
 The merits of Fasquelle's New French Course are well 
 known. We have room for only one recommendation from 
 the thirty or forty before us. 
 
 "I have taught many classes in the French Language, . . . and 
 I do not hesitate to say that Fasquelle's French Course, on the plan 
 of Woodbury's Method with the German, is superior to any other 
 French Grammar I have met with, for teaching French to those 
 whose mother-tongue is English. It combines, in an admirable 
 manner, the excellencies of the old or classic, and the new or Ollen- 
 dorfian, methods, avoiding the faults of both." JOSEPH WILLIAM 
 JENKS, Prof, of Languages in the New Ch. Univ. at Urbanna, Ohio. 
 
 Faugeres, Margaretta V., 1771-1801, a daughter 
 of Mrs. Anne Eliza Bleecker, was a native of Tonhanick, 
 near Albany, New York. She was unhappily married to 
 an infidel physician Dr. Peter Faugeres of New York 
 who abused his wife, and squandered her fortune. She 
 subsequently taught school at New Brunswick and at 
 Brooklyn. In 1793 Mrs. Faugeres edited the posthumous 
 works of her mother, (see BLEECKER, ANNE ELIZA,) add 
 ing some of her own compositions in verse and prose. In 
 1795 she pub. Belisarius, a Tragedy in five acts, extracts 
 from which, and a notice of the author, will be found in 
 Griswold's Female Poets of America. 
 
 "Though unsuited to the stage, this tragedy has considerable 
 merit, and is much superior to the earlier compositions of the au- 
 
FAU 
 
 thor. The style is generally dignified and correct, and free from 
 the extravagant declamation into which the subject would have 
 seduced a writer of less taste and judgment." Ubi supra. 
 
 Fanlkener, Charles. Hints to Electors, 1796, Svo. 
 
 Faulkland. See FALKLAND. 
 
 Faulkner, A. B., M.D. A Hospital, Ac., 1810, Svo. 
 
 Faulkner, B. Insanity, Lon., 1790, 8vo. 
 
 Faulkner, George, d. 1775, a Dublin printer and 
 bookseller, afterwards resident in London, edited a journal, 
 and enjoyed the patronage of Lord Chesterfield and Swift. 
 The former addressed to him, under the name of Atticus, 
 those ironical letters which attained such great celebrity. 
 
 FAY 
 
 Fawcett, John, DJ)., 1739-1817, a Baptist minister. 
 Serms., Hymns, Poems, Ac., 1775-91. 
 
 Fawcett, John, D.D. Serms., theolog. treatises, bio- 
 graph, sketches, Ac., 1797-1807. Devotional Family Bible ; 
 with Notes and Illustrations, Lon., 1811, 2 vols. r. 4to. 
 
 "This work is evangelical, judicious, and well written." 
 Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 " This work is wholly designed for family use ; but the marginal 
 renderings and parallel texts have been entirely omitted. The 
 absence of these is inexcusable in any edition of the Bible above 
 the size of a duodecimo volume." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Fawcett, John, Rector of Scaleby. Serms. for Fa 
 milies, 3d ed., Lon., 1823, 2 vols. 12mo. Familiar Dis- 
 
 Faulkner's style and manner were ridiculed in An Epistle courses, 1828, 8vo. Other works, 
 to George Edmund Howard, Esq., with notes by George Fawcett, John, of Covent-Garden Theatre. 1. Obi; 
 Faulkner, Esq., an alderman, reprinted in Dilly's Reposi- a p an t. Drama, 1800, 8vo. 2. La Perouse; a Pant. Drama, 
 tory, voL iv. p. 175. But some authentic letters of Faulk- ' - 
 ner's will be found in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, and 
 in the 2d vol. of the Supplement to Swift, whose confiden 
 tial printer he was. Faulkner died an alderman of Dublin 
 in 1775. A caricature of this literary printer, by Richard 
 Cumberland, will be found in the Memoirs of the Life of 
 the latter, p. 173, 4to ed. 
 
 Faulkner, Thomas. 1. Hist. Descrip. Acct. of the 
 Roy. Hosp. and Roy. Milit. Asylum at Chelsea, Lon., 1805, 
 12mo. 2. Hist., Topog., and Statis. Descrip. of Chelsea 
 and its Environs, 1810, 8vo. 3. Hist, and Topog. Descrip. 
 of Fulham, 1813, 8vo. 4. Hist, and Antiq. of Kensington, 
 1820, 8vo. 
 
 Faulkner, W. 1. Serms. 2. Ch. Service, 1802, '13. 
 
 Faulkner, Win. H. Rights of Man Invaded; being 
 an Exposition of the Tyranny of our Gov. in India, 1792, 
 8vo. A fruitful theme, truly. 
 
 Faunt, Arthur, or Laurence, Arthur, an English 
 Jesuit, born in Leicestershire, pub. several theolog. trea 
 tises. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Fauquier, Francis. Raising Money for support of 
 the War, Ac., 3d ed., Lon., 1757, 8vo. Joseph Massie pub. 
 Observations on this Essay, 1756, 8vo. See McCulloch's 
 Lit. of Polit. Econ. 
 
 Fausset, Godfrey, D.D., Canon of Christ Church 
 Margaret Prof, of Divinity, Oxford, and Vicar of Crop- 
 thorn, Worcestershire. 1. Serm. on the Necessity of Edu 
 cating the Poor in the principles of the Established Church, 
 Oxf., 1811, 8vo. 2. Claims of the Established Church; 8 
 serms. at the Bampton Lecture, 1820, 8vo. 
 
 " We will only premise, therefore, that all enemies of the Church 
 who do not regard her doctrines as unscriptural, will, if we mis 
 take not, find in this volume of Bampton Lectures the reasons of 
 its discipline so justly explained, and the importance of preserving 
 
 1801, 8vo. 3. The Enchanted Island; a Dram. Ballad, 
 1804, 8vo. 
 
 " Successful pieces." Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Fawcett, Joseph, d. 1804, a dissenting minister at 
 Walthamstow, afterwards a farmer. He pub. several serms., 
 poems, Ac. Serms. at the Old Jewry, Lon., 1795, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 " It may not be easy to find many volumes that can boast so 
 happy an union of sound sense and useful instruction with all 
 the graces and energies of oratory." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 " His figures of speech, his metaphors and allusions, are beauti 
 ful, numerous, and striking." Lon. Critical Review. 
 
 Fawcett, Richard, D.D., Vicar of Newcastle, and 
 Preb. of Durham. Serm., 1768, 4to. 
 Fawcett, Samuel. Serms., 1641, '68. 
 Fawcett, Thomas. Serms., Lon., 1784, 8vo. 
 Fawcett, General Sir Wm., 1728-1804, Gov. of 
 Chelsea Hospital, an English officer, served on the Conti 
 nent during " the seven years' war." 1. The Reveries, or 
 Memoirs upon the Art of War; from the French of Saxe, 
 1757, 4to. 2. Reg. for the Prussian Cavalry; from the 
 German, 1757. 3. Reg. for the Prussian Infantry, 1759. 
 4. Rules, Ac. rel. to his Majesty's Forces, 1786, 8vo; 1792. 
 Fawconer, Samuel. Serm., Lon., 1763, 8vo. Es- 
 say on Modern Luxury, 1765, 8vo. 
 
 Fawkes, Francis, 1721-1777, educated at Jesus Coll., 
 Camb., Vicar of Orpington, 1755; Rector of Hayes, 1774. 
 1. Bramham Park ; a Poem, 1745. 2. Descrip. of May, 
 1752. 3. Of Winter. 4. Trans, of Anacreon, Sappho, Bion, 
 Moschus, and Musseus, 1760, 12mo; 1754; both from Gawen 
 Douglas. 5. Original Poems and Translations, 1761. 
 Partridge Shooting ; a Poem, 1767, 4to. .7. Trans, of 
 the Idylliums of Theocritus, 1767, Svo. 8. The Argonau- 
 tics of Apollonius Rhodius ; posth. ; completed by Rev. 
 Henry Meen of Emanuel Coll., Camb., 1780, 8vo. 9. Fa 
 mily Bible, with Notes, 4to. 10. In conjunction with Mr. 
 
 that discipline so ably asserted, that if they be but men of tolerable 
 
 fairness, they will hardly be able to avoid a feeling of regret that they Wotty, The Poetical Calendar, vol. i., 1763, 12mo ; intended 
 are at enmity with a Church which can sustain its cause by a line of as a supplement to Dodsley's Collection. The Poetical Ca- 
 argument so powerful and so direct." Ion. Christ. Remembrancer. lendar and Nichols's Collection contain some of Fawkes'a 
 Also highly commended in the British Critic. 3. Serm. : p 0ems . His song of The Brown Jug is still a great fa- 
 Revival of Popery, 1838, Svo. vourite. Fawkes's merits were considerable. 
 
 Faustus, a monk, b. about 390, supposed to have been 
 a native of Britain, Bishop of Riez, in Province, 466, wrote 
 against predestination and reprobation. These writings 
 will be found in Bibl. Max. Patr., viii. See Cave, vol. i. j 
 Milner's Ch. Hist. ; Saxii Onomast. 
 
 Faux, W., an English Farmer. Memorable Days in 
 America; being a Journal of a Tour in the United States 
 Lon., 1823, 8vo, pp. 448. This is a " Memorable" work, as 
 being the occasion of two spicy reviews : the first in the 
 Lon. Quarterly, vol. xix. 338, said to be by Gifford ; the 
 other, in which the critic of the Quarterly is roughly ban 
 died, in the N. Amer. Rev., vol. xix. 92, by Edward Everett. 
 Favell. Votes of Thanks by Southwark to Mr. War- 
 die, 1809, Svo. 
 
 Favell, Charles. Serm., Lon., 1793, 4to. 
 Favell, James. Abraham's Case in offering up Isaac, 
 Camb., 1769, 4to. 
 
 Favour, John, d. 1623, Vicar of Halifax, Yorkshire. 
 Antiquitie triumphing over Noveltie ; or Antiquitie a cer 
 tain Note of the Christian Catholic Church, Lon., 1619, 4to. 
 
 1 He was esteemed a person of great piety and charity, a 
 well read in substantial and profound authors." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Fawcett, Benjamin, 1715-1780, a dissenting mi 
 nister at Kidderminster for 35 years. Serms., 1756-80. 
 Abridgt. of Baxter's Saint's Rest. Religious Melancholy, 
 1780, Svo. " 
 
 Fawcett, J., a dissenting minister. Serms., 1749, 
 Svo. Crit. Expos, of the 9th Chap, of Romans, 1752, Svo. 
 
 Fawcett, James, Lady Margaret Preacher in the 
 Univ. of Cambridge. Serms. preached before the Univ. 
 of Cambridge, Camb., 1794, Svo. 
 
 " These sermons are truly academic. They afford young preachers 
 a happy example of the manner in which ingenious speculation 
 may be united with practical utility." Lon. Monthly lieview. 
 
 vourite. 
 
 " His great strength lay in translation, in which, since Pope, few 
 ive equalled him." Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, q. v. 
 
 Dr. Johnson, not, indeed, a first-rate critic in Greek lite 
 rature, remarked that 
 
 " Frank Fawkes had done the odes of Anacreon very finely." 
 
 Fawkes, James. Life of Dr. Seignior, 1681, Svo. 
 
 Fawkes, Walter. 1. Chronol. of the Hist, of Mod. 
 Europe, 475-1793, York, 1810, 4to. 2. Speech on Pari. 
 Reform, 1812. 3. The Englishman's Manual; or, A Dia 
 logue between a Tory and a Reformer, 1817, Svo. 
 
 Fawkner, Anthony. Serms., 1630, '35. 
 
 Fawler, John. Surg. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1707. 
 
 Fay, Theodore S., a native of New York, Secretary 
 of Legation for the United States at the Court of Berlin 
 from 1837 to 1853, and since 1853 Minister to Switzerland, 
 enjoys extensive reputation as a graceful and graphic 
 writer. In 1832 he pub. Dreams and Reveries of a Quiet 
 Man, containing The Little Genius, and other essays con 
 tributed to that excellent periodical, The New York Mir 
 ror, of which Mr. Fay was for some time one of the editors. 
 He has since pub. The Minute Book, a journal of travels ; 
 Norman Leslie, a Tale of the Present Times, 1835 ; 2d ed. 
 in same year; Sydney Clifton, 1839; The Countess Ida, 
 1840; Hoboken, a Romance of New York, 1843; Robert 
 Rueful, 1844 ; Ulric; or, The Voices : a Tale, 1851. Of his 
 fugitive contributions to periodicals, perhaps the best 
 known are the papers on Shakspeare. Mr. Fay has also 
 some pretensions to the character of a poet. A review of 
 the Countess Ida, by an eminent critic, will be found in 
 The North American Review, li. 434-457. We quote a 
 few lines from the conclusion: 
 
 " The work shows a deep sympathy with human nature, as well 
 as a familiar acquaintance with the higher forms of European 
 social life. The author has not been dazzled by the trappings of 
 
FAY 
 
 royalty and aristocracy, though he can describe them so well. The | 
 virtues and the vices of high society are set forth by him with im 
 partiality and force; and we rise from his pages with a cordial re 
 spect for his abilities, a sympathy with his views of life, and an 
 admiration of the moral purity which is shed over the scenes he 
 has so vividly placed before us." PROF. C. C. FELTON. 
 
 " Mr. Theodore S. Fay. our Minister to Switzerland, is at present 
 engaged in writing the history of that country. Several years, it 
 is stated, must elapse ere the completion of the work, which will 
 doubtless be a highly creditable contribution to that historical lite 
 rature for which America is already so justly distinguished." 1855. 
 
 Fayerman, Francis. Zarah; that is, Christianity 
 before Judaism, Lon., 1757, Svo. 
 
 Fayerman, Richard. Contemplation; a Poetical 
 Essay on the Works of Creation, 1776, 4to. 
 
 Fazakerly. Poemata varia, Lon., 1781, Svo. These 
 poems were suppressed. 
 
 Fea, James. 1. Grievances of Orkney and Shetland, 
 Edin., 1750, Svo. 2. Present State of the Orkney Islands, 
 1755, Svo. 3. Fishing on the Coasts of Shetland, 1775, Svo. 
 
 Fea, John W. Eldomiana, Lon., 1826, Svo. 
 
 Feake, Christopher. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1651- 
 57, 4to. 
 
 Feake, John. Serms., Lon., 1660, 4to. 
 
 Fearn, John. 1. Human Consciousness, 1811, 4to. 
 
 2. Review of Berkeley, Reid, and Stewart, 1813, 4to. 
 
 3. Primary Vision, 1815, 4to. 4. The Human Mind, Svo. 
 Fearne, Charles, Judge- Advocate of the Admiralty, 
 
 temp. Geo. II. 1. Minutes of the Proceedings of the Trial 
 of Rear-Admiral Knowles, Lon., 1750, Svo. Report of 
 the Trial of Admiral Byng, 1756, fol. See BYJSG, HONOUR 
 ABLE JOHN. 
 
 Fearne, Charles, 1749-1794, son of the preceding, 
 was educated at Westminster school, from whence he was 
 removed to the Inner Temple. He soon became distin 
 guished for his legal erudition, and could have secured a 
 large professional business, had not a fondness for chemi 
 cal and philosophical experiments engrossed a great por 
 tion of his time and thoughts. From this cause his life 
 was embarrassed with difficulties, and his last hours clouded 
 with anxiety for those whom he left behind. 1. Legigra- 
 phical Chart of Landed Property in England, 1769, '94. 
 2. An Impartial Answer to the Doctrine delivered in a 
 Letter which appeared in the Public Advertiser, under the 
 signature of Junius, 1769, Svo. 3. An Essay on the Learn 
 ing of Contingent Remainders and Executory Devises, 
 1772, 8vo, anon.,; 1773, '75; 4th ed., enlarged, 1791, 2 vols. 
 Svo. This ed. contains the copies of Opinions on the Will 
 in case Perrin v. Blake, pub. 1780, Svo ; with Notes by 
 Powell, vol. i., 1801; vol. ii., 1795, Svo; 6th ed., with Notes 
 by Charles Butler, 1809, Svo ; 7th, 8th, and 9th edits, vary 
 but little from the 6th ed.; 10th ed., enlarged by Josiah W. 
 Smith, 1844, 2 vols.; Phil., 1845, 2 vols. Svo. This con 
 tains Butler's Notes and addits. The value of Fearne's 
 great work is well known to the profession, 
 from some eminent authorities : 
 
 " This work is so very instructive on the dry and obscure sub 
 ject of remainders and executory devises, that it cannot be too 
 much recommended to the attention of the diligent student." 
 HARGRAVE: Co. Lit., 20. 
 
 " Where, for instance, shall we look for a work like Mr. Fearne's 
 Essay on Contingent Remainders and Executory Devises? This 
 subject, which constituted one of the most obscure, and must for 
 ever remain one of the most intricate, titles of the common law, 
 had been already sketched out by the masterly hand of Lord Chief 
 Baron Gilbert, [see Bacon's Abridgment, Guillim's Edition, title, 
 Remainder and Reversion, Note ;] but, like all his other writings, 
 it was left in a detached and imperfect shape. It was reserved 
 for Mr. Fearne to honour the profession by a treatise so profound 
 and accurate that it became the guide of the ablest lawyers, yet so 
 luminous in method and explanations that it is level to the capa 
 city of every attentive student. He has, in fact, exhausted the 
 subject ; and this chef-d'oeuvre will forever remain a monument of 
 his skill, acuteness, and research. All that the most accomplished 
 lawyer can reasonably hope, is to add a commentary of new cases 
 and principles, as they arise, without venturing to touch the 
 sacred fabrick of his master." JUDGE STORY: North Amer. Review, 
 vi. 54; Nov., 1817. 
 
 " A masterly production on a doctrine generally admitted as one 
 of the most abstruse in the whole system of English law. The en 
 lightened and scientific manner in which this difficult topic has 
 been treated by Mr. Fearne has imparted to it an interest before 
 unfelt, and strongly illustrates the infinite importance of a pro 
 gressive and strictly analytical method of the discussion of dry and 
 abstruse doctrines." Hoffman's Legal Study. 
 
 But Mr. Hoffman does not think Fearne entirely correct 
 in classification and definitions; and, referring to the 
 opinion we shall next quote, considers that the "entire 
 doctrine of these subjects is capable of great modification." 
 " If it were desired to form a code of the law of contingent re 
 mainders and executory devises, it could not, perhaps, be better 
 done than by a statute which should propound, in the form of a 
 code, all the principles and rules of law laid down in Mr. Fearne's 
 Essay, and declare them to be law." CHARLES BUTLER: Life of 
 Chancellor IP Aguesseau, p. 65. 
 
 FEO 
 
 " Charles Fearne was a man of a very strong and subtle intellect, 
 and delighted in metaphysical and philosophical speculations. 
 The work mentioned in the text [Contingent Remainders] has 
 long been a first>rate legal text-book, characterized by accurate 
 and profound learning." Warren's Law Studies, 2d ed., xlv. 1845. 
 4. Posthumous Works, by T. M. Shadwell, 1795, '99, Svo. 
 Fearon, Henry Bradshaw, a London surgeon. 
 1. Cancers, Lon., 1784, Svo; new ed., 1795, 8vo. 2. Obs. 
 on Cancers, Memoirs Med., 1789. 3. A Narrative of a 
 Journey of 5000 miles through the Eastern and Western 
 States of America. 
 
 " The tone of ill-temper which this author usually manifests in 
 speaking of the American character, has gained for his work the 
 approbation of persons who regard that country with peculiar 
 jealousy." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 But, if Mr. Fearon be a truthful witness, there seems 
 to be but little occasion for "jealousy." See Lon. Quart. 
 Review, xxi. 124. 
 
 " Mr. Fearon is a much abler writer than either of the two last, 
 [Palmer and Bradbury,] but no lover of America, and a little given 
 to exaggerate in his views of vices and prejudices." REV. SYDNET 
 SMITH: Edin. Review. 
 
 Fearon, James Peter. Theatrical Criticism j a 
 Critique on the School of Reform, 1805, Svo. 
 Fearon, Joseph. Serm., Lon., 1756, 4to. 
 Fearon, Joseph F. Serm., Lewes, 1797, 4to. 
 Featherstonehaugh, George William. 1. Geo 
 logical Report, made in 1834, of the elevated country be 
 tween the Missouri and Red Rivers, Washington, 1835, Svo, 
 pp. 97. 2. Observ. upon the Treaty of Washington, signed 
 9th August, 1842, Lon., 1842, Svo, pp. 560. See a review 
 of this, and other publications connected with this treaty, 
 in the Lon. Quar. Review, Ixxi. 560. 3. Excursion through 
 the Slave States, 1844, 2 vols. Svo, pp. 792. 
 
 " The notices of the natural history and the mines are novel and 
 interesting, and his pictures of the heroes of the bowie-knife remark 
 ably characteristic and entertaining." Lon. New Monthly Mag. 
 4. Canoe Voyage to the Minnay Soter, 1847, 2 vols. Svo. 
 Featherstonehaugh, H. Serm., 1724, Svo. 
 Featley, Featly, or Fairclough, Daniel, 1582- 
 1644, a native of Charlton, near Oxford, was educated at 
 Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf.; Rector of Lambeth, 1618; of 
 Allhallows, 1627; and subsequently of Acton. A bio 
 graphy of this learned divine will be found in Chalmers's 
 Biog. Diet. It was intended for the commencement of the 
 6th vol. of the new ed. of the Biog. Brit., never completed. 
 See Dibdin's Library Companion. For a list of Featley's 
 works, of which we notice a few, see Athen. Oxon. An- 
 cilla Pietatis, Lon., 1626, 4to; a work of great popularity; 
 8th ed., 1676. Hexatexiurn, 1637, fol. Clavis Mystica, 
 70 Serms., 1638, fol. 
 
 " A singular exhibition of the kind of eloquence and instruction 
 which was in vogue during the period in which the author lived. 
 Featley was by no means destitute of learning and imagination; 
 but his powers, quaint conceits, numerous distinctions and divi 
 sions, display the lamentable want of taste and good sense which 
 We quote j prevailed." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 The Dippers Dipt ; or the Anabaptists dvcked and plvng'd 
 over Head and Ears, at a Disputation in Southwark, 1647, 
 '51, 4to. Noticed by Milton : see Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; 
 Orme's Bibl. Man. The League Illegal, 1660, 4to. His 
 nephew, Dr. John Featley, pub. a work entitled Doctor 
 Daniel Featly Revived, with his Life and Death, 1 660, 12mo. 
 Featley, John, d. 1666, a nephew of the preceding, 
 visited, in 1643, St. Christopher's, in the West Indies, and 
 was the first preacher of the Gospel there. 1. A Divina 
 Antidote against the Plague. 2. A Fountaine of Teares, 
 Amst., 1646, 24mo; Lon., 1683, 12mo. 3. Divine Antidote 
 against the Plague, 1660. 4. Serms. 
 
 Featley, Richard, d. 1681, aged 61, "a nonconform- 
 ing minister, and a frequent preacher in conventicles." 
 Athen. Oxon. One or more of his serms. will be found in 
 The Morning Exercise against Popery, <fcc., Lon., 1675, 4to. 
 Febure, Mrs. A medical treatise, Lon., 1777, Svo. 
 "Nothing more nor less than a quack advertisement." Lon. 
 Monthly Review. 
 
 Feckenham, John de, D.D., d. 1585, so called be 
 cause born near the forest of Feckenham, (his right name 
 was Howman,) was the last mitred abbot who sat in the 
 house of peers. This excellent Roman Catholic divine 
 pub. a few controversial pieces. See Biog. Brit. ; Dodd's 
 Ch. Hist.; Strype'sCranmer; Athen. Oxon. He was con 
 tinually employed in doing good' to the persecuted Pro 
 testants of his day, and incurred Queen Mary's displeasure 
 by the pertinacity with which he urged the enlargement 
 of the Princess Elizabeth. Upon the accession of the lat 
 ter, she offered him the Archbishopric of Canterbury upon 
 condition that he would conform, but he rejected the pro 
 posal. He was subsequently to the disgrace of the crown 
 imprisoned with other Roman Catholics, and died a cap 
 tive in Wisbeach castle, in the Isle of Ely. No man of 
 
FBI 
 
 FEL 
 
 the age has been more commended for piety and benevo 
 lence : 
 
 " A learned and good man, that lived long, did a great deal of 
 good to the poor, and always solicited the minds of his adversaries 
 to benevolence." CAMDEN : Annales Reg. Eliz., ad ann. 1559. 
 
 "In wonderful esteem for his learning, piety, charity, humility, 
 and other virtues. All the time of Queen Mary's reign he em 
 ployed himself in doing good offices for the afflicted Protestants, 
 from the highest to the lowest, and did intercede with the queen 
 for the lady Elizabeth, for which he gained her displeasure for a 
 time." WOOD: Athen. Oxon. 
 
 " A man cruel to none, courteous and charitable to all who needed 
 his help or his liberality ."FULLER: Worthies of Westminster. 
 
 " A charitable and generous man, that lived in great esteem in 
 England." BISHOP BURNET : Hist, of the Reformation. 
 
 "Though I cannot go so far as Reyner, [vide Apost. Benedictin. 
 in Anglia,] to call him a martyr, yet I can't gather but that he was 
 a good, mild, modest, charitable man, and a devout Christian." 
 DART : Westmonasterium, vol. ii., in the Lives of the Abbots. Vide 
 Biog. Brit. 
 
 Feild, John. Ephemeris, Lon., 1556, '58, 4to. 
 
 Feilde, Rev. Matthew, d. 1796, Preb. of St. Paul's. 
 Vertumnus and Pomona; a Pastoral, 1782. The songs 
 only were printed. 
 
 " An unsuccessful piece." Biog. Dram. 
 
 Feilding, Viscount, and Capt. Kennedy. Tra 
 vels in Algeria in 1845, Lon., 2 vols. 
 
 " A graphic and picturesque account of their adventures, includ 
 ing those among the wild Arabs and Bedouins of the desert." 
 Hood's Magazine. 
 
 Feist, C. Symbole of the Apostles, Lon., 1581, 8vo. 
 
 Feist, Charles. Poetical Effusions, and other works, 
 Lon., 1813, Ac. 
 
 Felgate, Samuel. The Novelty of the Modern Ro- 
 manish Religion, Lon., 1682, 8vo. 
 
 Felix of Croyland, flourished about 730, compiled 
 a Life of St. Guthlac. See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., and 
 authorities there cited. 
 
 Felix, N. On the Bat; a Scientific Inquiry into the 
 Use of Cricket. New ed., Lon., 1850, 4to. The reader 
 must also procure The Cricket Field; The Cricketer's 
 Companion; The Cricketer's Guide; Hints on Cricket; 
 and The Principles of Scientific Batting. 
 
 Fell, Elizabeth. Fables, Odes, and Miscel. Poems, 
 Lon., 1771, 8vo. Poem on the Times, 1774, 4to. Poems, 
 1777, 4to. 
 
 Fell, John, D.D., 1625-1686, a son of Samuel Fell, 
 D.D., was a native of Longworth, Berkshire, entered of 
 Christ Church, Oxford, 1636 ; at the Restoration made Pre 
 bendary of Chichester, and Dean of Christ Church; Vice- 
 Chancellor of the University, 1666-1669; Bishop of Ox 
 ford, 1676. 
 
 " He was the most zealous man of his time for the Church of 
 England, and none, that I yet know of, did go beyond him in the 
 performance of the rules belonging thereunto. . . . His charity 
 was so great that he was a husband to the afflicted widow, a father 
 to the orphan, and a tender parent to poor children." Athen. Oxon., 
 where, and in Biog. Brit., see an account of his life and works. 
 
 Among his works are, 1. The Life of Dr. Henry Ham 
 mond, Lon., 1660, '61, '62. Reprinted afterwards at the 
 head of Hammond's Works ; also in Wordsworth's Eccles. 
 Biog. This excellent biography deserves attentive perusal. 
 2. Nemesii, Philos. et Episc. Emisseni, de Natura Hominis 
 Liber, Gr. et Lat. Notis illustratus, [Jo. Fell, Episc. Oxon.,] 
 Oxon., 1671, 8vo. 
 
 An eminent authority thus speaks of this treatise of 
 Nemesius : 
 
 " Far from being either elegant or forcible, there is no new infor 
 mation given, nor is the old placed in a new light ; the opinions of 
 the ancient philosophers are opposed, and little that is better given 
 in their place: in physics, Nemesius appears not to have known 
 much, and in Metaphysics, to have been confused in what he did 
 
 know ." CLARKE. 
 
 3. Grammatica Rationis, sive Institutionis Logicae, 1673, 
 
 8vo. 4. The Vanity of Scoffing, 1674, 8vo. 5. Novi Tes- 
 
 tamenti Libri Omnes Graece, 1675, 8vo; Leipsic, 1697; 
 
 1702, fol. By Dr. John Gregory, Oxf., 1703, fol. 
 "The text is formed according to that of Robert Stephens and 
 
 the Elzevirs ; though Wetstein has accused it of reclaiming errors 
 
 of the former, as well as of some of Walton's Poly glott." Home's 
 
 Bibl. Bib., q. v. 
 
 " An excellent edition, and an indispensable work to every man 
 
 engaged in sacred criticism." BISHOP NORTH. 
 
 6. A Paraphrase and Annotations upon all St. Paul's 
 
 Epistles, done by several eminent men at Oxford, corrected 
 
 and improved by Bishop Fell, Lon., 1702, 8vo. New ed., 
 
 Oxf., 1852, 8vo. 
 Fell on the Epistles is very short; but most of his notes are 
 
 worthy of remark. The collection of parallel scriptures is judicious, 
 
 and the translation in some places altered for the better." DR. 
 
 DODDRIDGE. 
 
 " This work does not appear to me to be of much value." Orme'i 
 
 Bibl. Bib. 
 
 The bishop edited the works of St. Cyprian, 1 682, pub. 
 
 several works said to be by the author of The Whole Duty 
 
 of Man, and had Anthony Wood's History and Antiquities 
 of the University of Oxford trans, into Latin, Oxf., 1674, 
 2 vols. fol. Wood complains of this trans. See Athen. 
 Oxon. 
 
 Fell, John, 1735-1797, a dissenting minister, classical 
 tutor at the academy at Homerton, pub. several theolog. 
 and other works, the principal of which are. 1. Genuine 
 Protestantism, 1773, 8vo. 2. Demoniacs, 1779, 8vo. 
 
 "In which the hypothesis of the Rev. &r. Farmer and others on 
 the subject are considered." 
 See FARMER, HUGH. 
 
 3. English Grammar, 1784, 12mo. 4. Idolatry of Greece 
 and Rome, in a Letter to the Rev. Hugh Farmer, 1785, 8vo. 
 "In these works, Mr. Fell defends the opposite system to that of 
 Farmer, which is generally received. Farmer's views of demono- 
 logy had been previously brought forward by Joseph Mede, Lard- 
 ner, Dr. Mead, and Sykes. Fell's reply, both on this subject and 
 on that of the ancient idolatry, is able, and acknowledged by Dr. 
 Kippis, who was friendly to the sentiments of Farmer, to contain 
 many things which would have been deserving of consideration 
 and reply ; but the temper in which he has written has been justly 
 censured." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 5. Lectures on the Evidences of Chris'y, 4 by J. F., and 
 8 by Henry Hunter, 1798, 8vo. 
 
 See Prot. Dissenter's Mag., vols. iv., v., and vi. 
 Fell, J. Weldon, M.D., a native of the U.S., removed 
 to London, where he was allowed to treat the patients of 
 Middlesex Hospital for cancerous diseases upon a new plan. 
 In 1857 he pub. A Treatise on Cancer and its Treatment, 
 Lon., 8vo. See Report of the Surgical Staff of the 
 Middlesex Hospital, 1857, 8vo. 
 
 Fell, Hunter Francis, Rector of Oulton, Suffolk. 
 Serms., Lon., 1834, 12mo. 
 
 Fell, Margaret. For Manasseth Ben-Israel. The 
 Call of the Jews out of Babylon, Lon., 1656, 4to. 
 
 Fell, Rev. R. C. Passages from the Private and Official 
 Life of the late Alderman Kelly, Lon., 1856, '57, fp. 8vo. 
 
 Fell, Ralph, a native of Yorkshire, d. 1814. A Tour 
 through the Batavian Republic in 1800, Lon., 1801, '05, 8vo. 
 "This work gives an interesting picture of Holland and the 
 Dutch at this period, besides historical and political details and 
 observations on its connexion with France." Stevenson's Voyages 
 and Travels. 
 
 Memoirs of Charles James Fox, 1808, 4to. He edited an 
 ed. of Hudibras, with Notes from Gray, Ac., 2 vols. 18mo. 
 Fell, Samuel, D.D., 1594-1649, a native of London, 
 educated at Christ Church, Oxf., Canon of Christ Church, 
 1619 ; Margaret Prof, of Divinity, 1626 ; Dean of Lich- 
 field, 1637; Dean of Christ Church, 1638; Vice-Chancel- 
 lor, 1645 and 1647. 1. Primitise; sive Oratio habita Ox- 
 oniae in Scholia Theologiae, 9th Nov., 1626. 2. Concio 
 Latina ad Baccalaureos die cinerum in Colos. ii. 8, Oxf., 
 1627. He was the father of DR. JOHN FELL, Bishop of 
 Oxford, v. ante. See Athen. Oxon. ; Lloyd's Memoirs. 
 
 Fell, Stephen, Surgeon, Ulverstone. Profess. Con. 
 to Ess. Phys. and Lit., 1765. 
 
 Fell, Walter William. 1. Principal Events in 
 Eng. Hist., 1811, 12mo. 2. Lancaster's System of Educa 
 tion, 1812. Law of Mercantile Guarantee, 1812, 8vo., 2d 
 ed., 1820 ; 1st Amer. ed., by Charles Walker, N. York, 
 1825, 8vo. 
 
 Fellowe, Henry. Laws of Copyholds, Lon., 1799, 8vo. 
 Fellowes, Sir James. Reports of the Pestilential 
 Disorder of Andalusia at Cadiz, 1800, '04, '10, '13, Lon., 
 1815, 8vo. 
 
 " A work of great interest and importance, as it respects the dis 
 cussion of a curious question of medical theory that has been the 
 subject of very warm controversy." Lon. Monthly Review, 1816, q. v. 
 Fellowes, Rev. Robert, of St. Mary's Hall, Oxf., 
 Editor of the London Critical Review. 1. Christian Phi 
 losophy, 1798, 2d ed., 1799, 8vo. 2. Supplet. to do. 3. 
 Religion without Cant, 1801, 8vo. 4. Guide to Immor 
 tality, 1804, 3 vols. 8vo. 5. Poems, 1806, 12mo. 6. Manual 
 of Piety, 1807, 8vo. Other publications; the principal of 
 which is, 7. A Body of Theology, 1807, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " From the commencement to the conclusion, a current of the 
 purest ethics flows with such beauty and spirit, that he who sur 
 veys it can possess neither taste nor virtue if he does not resolve 
 on taking a copious draught of its waters." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 See Brit. Critic. Dr. Parr (see Spital Sermon) speaks in 
 i high terms of the merits of Fellowe s's works. 
 
 Fellowes, Wm. D. 1. Loss of the Lady Hobart, 
 Lon., 1803, 8vo. 2. Paris in July, 1815 ; in a Series of 
 | Letters, 1815, 8vo. 3. Hist Sketches of Charles I., Crom 
 well, Charles II., and the Principal Personages of that 
 i Period, Paris, 1828, 4to; now very scarce. A few copies 
 I only were struck off for the author at Paris. An historical 
 1 account will be found in this work of the sums exacted by 
 l the Commonwealth from the Royalists, the names of those 
 1 who compounded their estates, Ac. 4. Visit to the Monas- 
 . tery of La Trappe, r. 8vo. 
 
FEL 
 
 FEL 
 
 Fellows, Sir Charles, an enterprising traveller, b. 
 1799, at Nottingham, England, knighted 1845. 1. A 
 Journal written during an Excursion in Asia Minor in 
 1838, Lon., 1839, imp. Svo; new ed., including No. 2, 
 under the title of Travels and Researches in Asia Minor, 
 particularly in the Province of Lycia, 1852, p. 8vo. 
 
 " Since my return to England I have learned at the Geographical 
 Society that ' part of my route, which lay through the southern 
 part of Asia Minor and led me to the remains of several important 
 ancient cities, had not before been traversed by any European.' It 
 is on this account alone that I am induced to lay my Journal before 
 the public." Preface. 
 
 2. More Recent Discoveries in Ancient Lycia; being a 
 Journal kept during a Second Excursion in Asia Minor, 
 1841, imp. 8vo. See No. 1. 
 
 " You cannot imagine the pleasurable excitement of discovering 
 in these cities the works of art and objects of the highest interest 
 to the archaeologist. The age is probably earlier than the fourth 
 century before the Christian era, and the works are illustrations of 
 Homer and Herodotus." Letter from the Author to the Lon. Athen. 
 
 " Our author has discovered eleven ancient Lycian cities, and 
 has allowed the learned world to perceive that Lycia has a mine of 
 antiquarian treasures of which he has only scraped the surface." 
 Lon. Athen. 
 
 3. Account of the Xanthian Marbles in the Brit. Museum, 
 their Acquisition and Transmission to England, 1843, r. 
 8vo. 4. Account of the Trophy Monument at Xanthus, 
 1848, r. 8vo. 5. Coins of Ancient Lycia, 1855, 8vo. See 
 Eng. Cyc., Biog., vol. ii., 1856, 885. 
 
 Fellows, John, a Methodist, pub. several poems, 
 hymns, &c. The Holy Bible in Verse, 1778, 4 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Fellows, Robert. The Rights of Property vindi 
 cated against Universal Suffrage, Lon., 1818, 12mo. 
 
 Fc lit ha 111, or Feltham, Owen, d. about 1678? a 
 native of Suffolk, author of a work of great ability, lived 
 for some years in the family of the Earl of Thomond. 
 With the exception of this fact, but little is known of him. 
 Resolves, divine, moral, and political, in two centuries, 
 1st ed., 12mo, date uncertain. 2d and 3d, 1628, 4to; 
 4th, 1631, 4to; 5th, 1634, 4to; 6th, 1636, 4toj 7th, 1647, 
 4to; 8th, 1661, fol.; 9th, 1670, fol. ; 10th, 1677, fol.j llth, 
 1696, fol.; 12th, 1709, 8vo; 13th, by Mr. Cumming, 1806, 
 Svo; 14th, also by Mr. 0., 1820, 8vo. New ed., 1839, fp. 
 8vo. Century I., 1840, cr. 4to. The Beauties of Qwen 
 Feltham, selected from his Resolves, by J. A., was pub. 
 in 1818, 12mo. For an account of this excellent work, 
 and some other compositions of Feltham, included in some 
 of the edits, of the Resolves, we must refer the reader to 
 Mr. Cumming's edit., and to the Lon. Retrosp. Review, 
 x. 343-365, 1824. 
 
 "We lay aside the Resolves, as we part from our dearest friends, 
 in the hope of frequently returning to them, We recommend the 
 whole of them to our readers' perusal. They will find therein 
 more solid maxims, as much piety, and far better writing, than 
 in most of the pulpit lectures now current among us." Ubi supra. 
 
 "When FELTHAM lived, casuistry was a favourite study. This 
 volume is a cabinet of the fashion of the day ; full of gorgeous 
 ornaments of mother-of-pearl and shells, and curiously carved, 
 traced, and hinged." Archdeacon Wrangham. 
 
 " Of this book, the first part of which was published in 1627, the 
 second not until after the middle of the century, it is not uncom 
 mon to meet with high praises in those modern writers, who pro 
 fess a faithful allegiance to our older literature. For myself, I can 
 only say that Feltham appears not only a laboured and artificial, 
 but a shallow, writer. Among his many faults, none strike me 
 more than a want of depth, which his pointed and sententious 
 manner renders more ridiculous. ... He is one of our worst wri 
 ters in point of style ; with little vigour, he has less elegance." 
 Hallam's Introduc. to Lit. Hist. q. v. 
 
 We quote one observation of Feltham's, pertinent to the 
 object of this Dictionary. 
 
 "It was an observation of the excellent Plutarch, that we ought 
 to regard books as we do sweetmeats: not chiefly to aim at the 
 pleasantest, but chiefly to respect the wholesomest; not forbidding 
 either, but approving the latter most. 
 
 Feltham says truly enough, in another place, 
 
 " Learning fells far short of wisdom, nay, so far. that you can 
 scarcely find a greater fool than is sometimes a mere scholar." 
 
 Felt, Rev. Joseph B., b. 1789, at Salem, Massa 
 chusetts, grad. Dartmouth Coll., 1813. 1. Annals of Salem, 
 Salem, 1827, Svo ; 1845, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " An accurate and useful work, the fruit of much original re 
 search." BANCROFT. 
 
 2. HistoricalAccount of MassachusettsCurrency,1839,8vo. 
 
 "Full of instruction from beginning to end. not only as throw 
 ing great light upon the history of the country, and the working 
 of its institutions, but also giving practical lessons, applicable to 
 the present state of things." North Amer. Seview, 1. 266. 
 
 3. History of Ipswich, Essex, and Hamilton, 1833. 
 4. Collections for the American Statistical Association on 
 Towns, Population, and Taxation, 1847, pp. 596. 5. Me 
 moir of Roger Conant, 1848. Mr. Felt has favoured us 
 with some other statistical and topographical labours. 
 See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova; Ludewig's Lit. of Amer. 
 Local Hist. 
 
 I The erudition of Mr. Felt, as an antiquary, has been 
 acknowledged by one of our highest authorities : 
 
 " Rev. Joseph B. Felt, whose profound acquaintance with the 
 antiquities of Massachusetts is known to the public." HON. ED 
 WARD EVERETT : Note to his Address on the Battle of Bloody Brook, 
 delivered Sept. 30, 1835 : Orations and Speeches, vol. i., 3ded., 1853. 
 
 Feltham, John. 1. Tour through the Isle of Man 
 in 1797-98, Lon., 1798, Svo. 2. The English Enchiridion: 
 Apothegms, Moral Maxims, <tc., Bath, 1799, cr. 8vo. 3. 
 Structure and Economy of the Human Body, 1803, Svo. 
 
 Felton, Cornelias Conway, since 1834 Eliot Prof, 
 of Greek Literature in Harvard University, b. 1807, at West 
 Newbury, Mass., has edited several of the classics, pub. a 
 number of valuable works, and contributed many papers 
 to the North American Review and other periodicals. 
 
 I. Iliad of Homer, with Flaxman's Illust. and Eng. Notes, 
 1833, Svo ; many eds. 2. Menzel's Hist, of German Litera 
 ture, trans. 1840, 3 vols. 12mo. 3. Greek Reader, 1840, 12mo; 
 many eds. 4. The Clouds of Aristophanes, 1841; repub. in 
 England; 3d ed. 5. The Panegyricus of Isocrates, 1847; 
 2d ed., 1854. 6. The Agamemnon of ^Eschylus, 1847, 12mo. 
 This was reviewed by C. A. Bristed in the Knickerbocker, 
 xxx. 246, by Tayler Lewis, xxix. 543. Mr. Francis Bowen 
 answered this article in N. Amer. Rev., Ixv. 239. Other 
 papers upon the same subject will be found in the Knick 
 erbocker, xxx. 246; Knickerbocker, xxx. 260, 325. 374, by 
 C. A. Bristed; Amer. Lit. Mag., i. 37, 124; Chris! Exam., 
 xliii. 140. 7. Metres of the Greeks and Romans, 12mo. 
 8. The Birds of Aristophanes, with Eng. Introd. and Notes ; 
 repub. in England. 9. The Earth and Man : Lectures on 
 Comparative Physical Geography, in relation to the His 
 tory of Mankind, by Prof. Arnold Guyot; trans, by C. C. 
 Felton, Boston, 1849, 12mo. Several eds. of it have been 
 pub. in England ; it has been trans, into German and cir 
 culated on the Continent. Several discourses on education 
 and kindred subjects. 
 
 "It will not only render the study of Geography more attract 
 ive, but actually show it in its true light : namely, as the science 
 of the relations which exist between nature and man throughout 
 history ; of the contrasts observed between the different parts of 
 the globe; of the laws of horizontal and vertical forms of the dry 
 land, in its contact with the sea; of climate, Ac." Prof. Louis 
 AGASSIZ. 
 
 "The work is one of high merit, exhibiting a wide range of 
 knowledge, great research, and a philosophical spirit of investi 
 gation. Its perusal will well repay the most learned in such sub 
 jects, and give new views to all of man's relation to the globe he 
 inhabits." Silliman's Journal. 
 
 Also highly commended by Mr. George S. Hillard, and 
 in the N. Amer. Review, and in the Christian Examiner. 
 The value of Prof. Guyot's Mural Map is well known to 
 teachers and pupils. 10. Memorial of Prof. Popkin, 1852. 
 
 II. Selections from the Greek Historians. 12. Smith's Hist. 
 of Greece, with a continuation, 1855. 12. Lord Carlisle's 
 Diary in Turkish and Greek Waters, with Notes and Illus 
 trations, 1855, Svo. Articles on Agassiz, Athens, and 
 Attica, in New Amer. Cyc. Professor Felton is also one of 
 the authors (in conjunction with Profs. Sears and Edwards) 
 of Miscellaneous Essays on subjects connected with Classical 
 Literature, pub. by Gould & Lincoln of Boston, under the 
 title of Ancient Literature and Art. Such contributions to 
 the intellectual wealth of the country are indeed invaluable. 
 To Prof. F. we are also indebted for the Life of Wm. Eaton 
 in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 1st Series, ix. 163, and several 
 other literary labours. 
 
 Felton, Daniel. The Examination and Confession 
 of Capt. Lilburne and Capt. Viviers, Lon., 1642. 
 
 Felton, Edmond. Engines invented to save much 
 Blood and Moneys, (in these Times of Warre,) and to do 
 good Service, Lon., 1644, 4to. 
 
 Felton, George. Serm., 1715, Svo. 
 
 Felton, Henry, Rector of Malford. Serm., 16S9. 
 
 Felton, Henry, D.D., 1679-1740, a native of London, 
 educated at Westminster School, the Charter House, and 
 Edmund Hall, Oxf.; Rector of Whitewell, Derbyshire, 1711; 
 Principal of Edmund Hall, 1722. 1. Colebrook Letter, 
 1706. 2. Serm., 1711, Svo. 3. Dissert, on reading the 
 Classics, and forming a just style, 1711 ; 4th and best ed., 
 1757. A highly-esteemed work. 4. Serms. and theolog. 
 treatises, 1725-48. 5. Serms., pub. by his son, Rev. Wm. 
 Felton, with Life, 1748. 
 
 Felton, John H. The Decimal System, Bost., 1859. 
 
 Felton, Nicholas, d. 1626, Master of Pembroke Hall, 
 Cambridge, 1616 ; Bishop of Bristol, 1617 ; of Coventry 
 and Lichfield, 1618; of Ely, 1619. He was one of the 
 translators of the Bible temp. James I. 
 
 Felton, S. 1. Gleanings on Gardens, Lon. 2. On the 
 Portraits of English Authors on Gardening, with Biog. 
 Notices ; 2d ed., with addits., 1830, Svo. 
 
FEL 
 
 FEN 
 
 Felton, Wm. Letter to Rev. Mr. Romaine on his Dis 
 course on the Law and the Gospel, 1761, 8vo. Serm., 1773. 
 
 Felton, Wm., a London coach-maker. Carriages 
 and Harness, 1794, '95 ; Supp., 1796, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Feltwell, R. Serm., Lon., 1660, 4to. 
 
 Fen, James. Serm., 1686, 4to. 
 
 Fen. See FENN. 
 
 Fenby, Thomas. English Synonymes; a Copious 
 Dictionary of Synonymes, Classified and Explained; with 
 an Outline of English Grammar, a Selection of Latin and 
 French Quotations, with corresponding English Transla 
 tions, <fcc., Liverp., 1853, 12mo. 
 
 Fencer, James. The Cow Ragious Castle-Combat, 
 Lon., 1635, '45, 4to. A poetical tract. 
 
 Fenn, !Lady, puh., under the assumed name of Mrs. 
 Lovechild, a number of useful educational works, of which 
 the sale has been very large. 1. The Child's Grammar; 
 44th ed., Lon., 1851, 18mo. 2. The Mother's Grammar; 
 22d ed., 1849, 18mo. 3. Parsing Lessons for Elder Pupils. 
 4. For Children ; new ed., 1849, 18mo. 5. Grammatical 
 Amusements ; in a box. 6. Sunday Miscellany. 7. Short 
 Sermons for Young Persons. Under the name of S. Love- 
 child, was pub., in 1852, Lon., 12mo, Sketches of Little 
 Boys and Girls. 
 
 Fenn, Fen, or Fenne, John, d. 1615, a R. Catholic 
 divine, a native of Montacute, Somersetshire, Fellow of 
 New Coll., Oxf., 1552, became confessor to the English 
 nuns at Louvain. Life of St. Catherine of Sienna, from 
 the Italian, 1609, 8vo. He also wrote Vitae quorundam 
 Martyrum in Anglia, and other pieces, and made trans, 
 of Bishop Fisher's and other works. See Athen. Oxon. ; 
 Wood's Annals ; Dodd's Ch. Hist. ; Fuller's Worthies. 
 
 Fenn, Sir John, 1739-1794, an antiquary, a native 
 of Norwich, made a large collection of original letters, 
 written during the reigns of Henry VI., Edward IV., 
 Richard III., and Henry VII., by members of the Paston 
 Family, and others, who were personally conversant with 
 the events of their times. Two vols. were pub. in 1787, 4to, 
 and 2 more in 1789, 4to; vol. v., 1823, 4to. There are a 
 few copies of the first four vols. on large paper, which bring 
 a high price. Indeed, a set of the ordinary size, first edit., 
 was formerly worth about ten guineas. Of the first two 
 vols. there were two edits., of which the second is to be 
 preferred, having addits. and corrections by the editor and 
 George Steevens. New ed., 2 vols. in 1, sq. 12mo, 1840. 
 Also in Knight's Miscellanies, 1840, '41, 2 vols. sq., and 
 in Bonn's Antiquarian Library, 1849, 2 vols. in 1, 12mo. 
 In the new edits, the duplicate version of the letters, in 
 old English, is omitted. 
 
 " The Paston Letters are an important testimony to the progres 
 sive condition of society, and come in as a precious link in the 
 chain of the moral history of England, which they alone in this 
 period supply. . . . Pictures of the life of the English gentry in 
 that age." HaUam's Introduct. to Lit. of Europe. 
 
 " The letters of Henry the Sixth's reign are come out, and to 
 me make all other letters not worth reading. I've gone through 
 above one volume, and cannot bear to be writing when I am so 
 eager to be reading." HOEACE WALPOLE : Letters to Lady Ossory. 
 
 "Friday, Feb. 9, 1787. 
 
 I am now reading the Paston Family Original Letters, written 
 in the wars of York and Lancaster, and am greatly entertained 
 with them. Their antique air, their unstudied communication of 
 the modes of those old times, with their undoubted authenticity, 
 render them highly interesting, curious, and informing. The 
 Queen told me she had been much struck with the Duke of Suf 
 folk's letter to his son. It is indeed both interesting and instruct 
 ive." Madame D'ArUay's Diary. 
 
 Sir John also pub. Three Chronological Tables of the 
 members of the Society of Antiquaries, 1784, 4to. 
 
 Fenn, Joseph. Serms., Lon., 1830, 8vo. 
 
 Fenn, Richard. Panegyricon Inaugurate Prsetoris 
 Regii, Ac., 1637, 4to. 
 
 Fenn, Warwell. Serms.. Colch., 1830, '36, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Fenne, Thomas. Fenne's Fruits, Lon., 1590, 4to. 
 This work treats of Fame, War, the Trojans, Ac. 
 
 Fennel, James, 1766-1816, a native of London, an 
 actor, emigrated to Philadelphia, where he died. 1. State 
 ment of Facts rel. to a disturb, at the Edin. Theatre, 1788, 
 8vo. 2. Lmdor and Clara; a Comedy, 1791, 8vo. 3. Pro 
 ceedings at Paris, 1792, 8vo. 4. Apology for his Life, 
 1814, 2 vols. See Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Fenner, Dudley, d. 1587, aged about 30, a Puritan 
 divine, pub. several theolog. treatises, 1583-94, and the 
 Artes of Logike and Rhetorike, 1584, 4to. See Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Fenner, Lud. John. Serm., 1777, 8vo. 
 
 Fenner, Wm., b. 1600, d. about 1640, a Puritan di 
 vine, educated at Pembroke Hall, Carnb., became a preacher 
 at Sedgeley, Staffordshire; Rector of Rochford, Essex, 
 1629. Works, consisting of Serms. and Discourses, Lon., 
 1657. fol. 
 
 586 
 
 " His works discover much acquaintance with religion in all its 
 parts ; his manner plain, zealous, and alarming." Williams 's C. P. 
 
 Fenning, Daniel. Works on mathematics, geo 
 graphy, philology, and commerce, Lon., 1750-72. See 
 Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Fennor, Wm. 1. Fennor's Defence, Lon., 1615, 8vo. 
 2. Speeches before the King and Queen, <fcc., 1616, 4to. 
 Bibl. Anglo-Poet, 916, 5 5. Reprinted in Nichols's 
 Progresses of K. James I. 3. The Compter's Common 
 wealth, 1617, 4to. This describes the troubles of an un 
 fortunate debtor in the hands of Serjeants and jailers. 
 4. Lawes, Justice, and Equity of a Compter, 1629, 4to. 
 
 Fenton, Edward, d. 1603, a navigator, a native of 
 Nottinghamshire, and a brother of Sir Geoffrey Fenton. 
 Certaine Secretes and Wonders of Nature, Lon., 1569, 4to. 
 Voyage to Magellan in 1582, written by his Vice-Admiral, 
 Luke Ward. See Callander's Voyages, i., p. 373, 1766. 
 
 Fenton, Elijah, 1683-1730, a native of Shelton, 
 Staffordshire, educated at Jesus Coll., Carnb., is best known 
 as the assistant of Pope in the trans, of the Odyssey. In 
 this capacity he has already come under our notice. See 
 BROOME, WILLIAM. Although, according to Johnson and 
 Warton, Fenton trans, only the 1st, 4th, 19th, and 20th 
 books, yet the Earl of Orrery asserts that he really trans, 
 double the number of books that Pope has owned: 
 
 " His reward was a trifle an arrant trifle. He has even told me 
 that he thought Pope feared him more than he loved him. He 
 had no opinion of Pope's heart, and declared him, in the words of 
 Bishop Atterbury, Mens curva in corpore curoo." Earl of Orrery's 
 Letter to Mr. Duncombe. 
 
 He was for some time master of the Free Grammar 
 School at Sevenoaks, Kent, and subsequently tutor to 
 Lord Broghill, son of his friend, the Earl of Orrery. 
 1. Poems on several occasions, Lon., 1717, 8vo. 2. Mari 
 anne; a Tragedy, 8vo. 
 
 " The tenor of his verse is so uniform that it cannot be thought 
 casual; and yet, upon what principle he so constructed it as it is, 
 is difficult to discover." Dr. Johnson's Life of Fenton. 
 
 3. Waller's Poems, with Notes, 1729. 
 
 " Notes often useful, often entertaining, but too much extended 
 by long quotations from Clarendon. Illustrations drawn from a 
 book so easily consulted should be made by references rather than 
 transcription." DR. JOHNSON : ubi supra. Life of Milton prefixed 
 to thS Poems of the latter, 1723. 
 
 " He undertook to revise the punctuation of Milton's poems, 
 which, as the author neither wrote the original copy nor corrected 
 the press, was supposed to be capable of amendment. To this edi 
 tion he prefixed a short and elegant account of Milton's life, written 
 at once with tenderness and integrity." DR. JOHNSON : ubi supra. 
 
 See Johnson's Lives of the English Poets; Nichols's 
 Poems; Bowles's ed. of Pope; Ruffhead's Pope; Spence's 
 Anecdotes. 
 
 Fenton, Sir Geoffrey, Geffrey, or Jeffrey, d. 
 
 1608, a brother of Edward Fenton, q. v., was a sagacious 
 statesman, for twenty-seven years "privy-councillor in 
 Ireland," and a great favourite with Queen Elizabeth. 
 1. Certain Tragicall Discourses, Written out of Frenche 
 and Latine, Lon., 1567, '79, 4to. 
 
 " In point of selection of size, perhaps the most capital collection 
 of this kind is Fenton's book of tragical novels." Warton' s Hist, 
 of Eng. Poetry. 
 " The learned stories erste, and sugred tayles that laye 
 
 Remoude from simple common sence, this writer doth displaye." 
 GEORGE TUBER VILLE: Recommendatory Poems, prefixed to Certain 
 Tragicatt Discourses. 
 
 Golden Epistles, from Guevara and other Authours, La 
 tin, French, and Italian, 1575, '77, '82, 4to. The Epistles 
 of Guevara, in this vol., are not contained in the collection 
 of his Epistles pub. by Edward Hellowes in 1574. Fenton 
 pub. several other translations into English, the best known 
 of which is The History of Guicciardin, 1579, fol.; 2d ed., 
 1599, fol. ; 3d ed., 1618, fol. 
 
 " Fenton is a good old translator." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 "Even Guicciardin's siluer Historic, and Ariosto's golden Cantos, 
 growe out of request, and the Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia is 
 not greene enough for queasie stomaches, but they must baue 
 Greene's Arcadia." Gabriel Harvey's Foure Letters, <&c., Lon., 1592, 
 4to, lett. iii., p. 29. 
 
 "It is probably to this book that Gabriel Harvey, Spenser's 
 Hobbinol, alludes." Warton' s Hist, of Eng. Poetry. 
 
 Of Guicciardini's celebrated history we shall have some 
 what to say when we come to notice Goddard's translation. 
 See GODDARD, AUSTIN PARKE. 
 
 Fenton, J. King James : his Welcome to London, 
 Lon., 1603, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet, 931, 3 3*. North, 
 Pt. 3, 792, 2 9. 
 
 Fenton, Richard, a Welsh barrister, d. 1821. An 
 Historical Tour through Pembrokeshire, a map, and 30 en 
 gravings by Storer and Greig, Lon., 1811, 4to, and imp. 4to. 
 In this valuable work, which is rich in the history and an 
 tiquities of Wales, the author had the assistance of Sir 
 Richard Colt Hoare. Mr. Fenton also wrote A Tour in 
 
FEN 
 
 Search of a Genealogy, Memoirs of an Old Wig, and left 
 a MS. trans, of Athenaeus. 
 
 Fenton, Roger, D.D. 1. Answer to W. Alabaster 
 his Motives, Lon., 1599, 4to. 2. Treatise of Usury, 1612, 
 4to. See an examination of this in Sir Robert Filmer's 
 Qusestio Quodlibetica, 1653, '58, 8vo. 3. 5 Serms., 1616. 
 4. Ch. of Rome, 1617, 4to. 
 
 Fenton, Thomas, Rector of Nately-scures, Hamp 
 shire. Annotations on the Book of Job, and the Psalms, 
 collected from several commentators, and methodized and 
 improved, Lon., 1732, 8vo. 
 
 Fenwick, Lt. Col. Address to Infantry, 1803, 4to. 
 
 Fenwick, Mrs. E. Secrecy; a Novel, 1799, 3 vols. 
 12mo. 2. Infantine Stories, 1815, 12mo. 
 
 " One of the most interesting books that can possibly be put into 
 the hands of a child." 
 
 Fenwick, George, a Hutchinsonian divine, Rector 
 of Hallaton, Leicestershire. 1. Serms., <fcc., 1737-58. 
 2. Thoughts on the Hebrew Titles of the Psalms, <fcc., Lon., 
 1749, 8vo. 
 
 " A curious and rather interesting production, and the only trea 
 tise on the subject, I suppose, in our language. . . . The object is 
 to show that Christ or his church is the burden of all the Psalms; 
 and that this is indicated by the titles of many of them. It is 
 often, no doubt, both fanciful and hypothetical, and largely im 
 bued with the theology of his master; but the book contains both 
 learning and piety, and will reward a perusal." Orme's BM. Bib. 
 
 3. The Psalter in its Original Form, 1759, 8vo. The 
 design here is the same as in the former work. 
 
 " Written on this hypothesis. Mr. Fenwick is often fanciful in 
 his interpretations. He has, however, many happy renderings." 
 Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Fenwick, John. Mem. of Dumourier, 1794, 2 vols. 
 8vo. 1. The Trial of J. Coigley, 1798, 8vo. 2. The In 
 dian; a.Farce, 1800, 8vo. 3. Grammars, Ac., 1811. 
 
 Fenwick, John Ralph, M.D., of Durham. 1. Cal 
 careous Manures; Electric Fluids in Vegetation, 1798, 8vo. 
 
 " The author trod the old path, and did not find a new road to 
 any point." Donaldsons Agricult. Biog. 
 
 2. Life of John Clerk, M.D., 1806, 8vo. 3. Oil of Tur 
 pentine in Tsenia, in Med. Chir. Trans., 1811. 
 
 Fenwick, R. O. The Goblin Groom, Edin., 1807, 4to. 
 
 Fenwick, Thomas. 1. Practical Mechanics, Newc., 
 1801, 8vo. 2. Subterraneous Surveying, Ac., 1804, 8vo. 
 
 Fenwick,Wm. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1642, '43, 4to. 
 
 Fenwick, Wm. Serm., 1701, 8vo. 
 
 Fenwicke, Lt. Col. John. Christ ruling in the 
 midst of his Enemies, Lon., 1643, 4to. 
 
 Ferebe, George. R. Abraham! Fil. Rattani, Praecep- 
 ta Judaicaaffirmativaacnegativa; Lat.; Camb., 1597, 8vo. 
 
 Fergus, Henry. Laws and Institutions of Moses, 
 Dunif. and Lon., (1811,) 8vo. This is detached from the 
 author's unpublished Hist, of the Hebrews. 
 
 " His pamphlet displays in a concise yet luminous manner the 
 several topics which the ecclesiastical government of the Hebrews 
 includes." Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 2. Hist, of the II. States of America, 1492-1829, Lon., 
 1830-32, 2 vols. 12mo. 3. The Testimony of Nature and 
 Revelation to the Being, Perfection, and Govt. of God, 
 Edin., 1833, p. Svo. 
 
 " It displays infinitely more of original thought and patient re 
 search than the volumes published by the Managers of his Lord 
 ship's [the Bridgewater] Legacy." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 " He has avowedly availed himself at times of Ray, Derham, and 
 Paley ; but his volume has many sources of illustration not known 
 to those writers." Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 Also commended in the Cong. Mag., Evang. Mag./Dubl. 
 Univ. Mag., Ac. 
 
 4. Readings in Natural Theology, Oxf., 1838, fp. Svo. 
 Ferguson. Serm., Lon., 1615, 4to. 
 Ferguson. Encroachments of Chas. II., 1689. 
 Ferguson. View of an Ecclesiastick, 1698, 4to. 
 Ferguson and Vance. Tenure of Land in Ireland, 
 
 ,1854, Svo. 
 
 " A very full and detailed statement of the various modes of 
 holding land in Ireland, the cultivation of the soil, its products, 
 and value." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Ferguson, Adam. Serm., 1745. 
 
 Ferguson, Adam, LL.D., 1724-1816, a son of the 
 Rev. Adam Ferguson, minister of Logie Rait, Perthshire, 
 was educated at the University of St. Andrew's, where he 
 was distinguished for his acquirements. In 1744 he en 
 tered the 42d regiment as chaplain, and occupied this post 
 until 1757, when he accepted the situation of tutor in the 
 family of Lord Bute. In 1759 he was chosen Professor of 
 Natural Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh, and 
 five years later, in 1764, obtained the professorship of Mo 
 ral Philosophy. From 1773 to 1775 he travelled on the 
 Continent with the Earl of Chesterfield. In 1778 he was 
 appointed secretary to the commissioners sent to America 
 to endeavour to effect an amicable compromise with the 
 
 FER 
 
 congress representing the different States. In 1785 he re 
 signed the professorship of Moral Philosophy in favour of 
 Dugald Stewart. Late in life he paid another visit to the 
 Continent, and on his return retired to St. Andrew's, where 
 he lived in the enjoyment of literary society until 1816, 
 when he died, in the 93d year of his age. 1. An Essay on 
 the Hist, of Civil Society, Edin., 1767, 4to; 7th ed., Lon., 
 1814, Svo. 
 
 "There are uncommon strains of eloquence in it; and I was 
 surprised to find not one single idiom of his country (I think) iu 
 the whole work. His application to the heart is frequent, and 
 often successful. His love of Montesquieu and Tacitus has led 
 him into a manner of writing too short-winded and sententious, 
 which those great men, had they lived in better times, and under 
 a better government, would have avoided." GRAY, the poet. 
 
 2. Institutes of Moral Philosophy, for the use of Stu 
 dents, Edin., 1769, '70, 12mo. 3. A Reply to Dr. Price on 
 Civil and Religious Liberty, 1776. 4. The Hist, of the 
 Progress and Termination of the Roman Republic, Lon., 
 1783, 3 vols. 4to; 1805, 5 vols. Svo. The value of this 
 work is well known. 
 
 " Authentic and dignified ; and the latter volumes, on the strug 
 gles and termination of the Republic, are full of interesting reflec 
 tions." CHANCELLOR KENT. 
 
 "I comfort myself, that as my trade is the study of human na 
 ture, I could not fix on a more interesting corner of it than the 
 end of the Roman republic. Whether my compilations should 
 ever deserve the attention of any one besides myself, must remain 
 to be determined after they are further advanced." Letter to Ed 
 ward Gibbon, 18th April, 1776, before the completion of tiie work at 
 published. 
 
 Ferguson's History is carried down to the end of the 
 reign of Tiberius, and should be read as an introduction 
 to Gibbon's Decline and Fall. Ferguson was also the au 
 thor of several minor publications. See Chambers's Lives 
 of Illust. and Dist. Scotsmen; Scots Mag.; Public Cha 
 racters, 1799, 1800 ; Lockhart's Life of Scott; Encyc. Brit. 
 
 Ferguson, Andrew. The Gardener's Universal 
 Guide, Lon., 1788, Svo. 
 
 Ferguson, Andrew, M.D. Med. Researches, 1801. 
 
 Ferguson, or Fergusson, David. Collection of 
 Scottish Proverbs. Printed about 1598. Reprinted, Edin., 
 1785. 
 
 Ferguson, Elizabeth Graeme, 1739-1801, a native 
 of Philadelphia, was a daughter of Dr. Thomas Grseme, an 
 eminent Scotch physician, settled in Philadelphia, son-in- 
 law to Sir William Keith, Governor of Pennsylvania, 1717- 
 1726. She married Hugh Henry Ferguson, a Scotchman, 
 from whom she was separated in 1775, in consequence of 
 Mr. Ferguson's adherence to the British Government on 
 the occurrence of the American Revolution. She trans. 
 Fenelon's Telemachus into English heroic verse; this has 
 not been printed; (the MS. is in the Franklin Library, 
 Phila.;) but some of her minor poems, letters, &c. have 
 been given to the world. For an interesting account of 
 this lady, and an estimate of her merits as an author, and 
 some specimens of her composition, see Griswold's Female 
 Poets of America. See also E. A. and G. L. Duyckincks' 
 Cyc. of Amer. Lit., for her poetical correspondence with 
 Rev. Nathaniel Evans, which is not without merit. 
 
 Ferguson, H. Serm., 1743, 8vo. 
 
 Ferguson, or Fergusson, James, Minister at Kil- 
 winning, Scotland. 1. Expos, of the 1st and 2d Epist. to 
 the Philippians and Colossians, Lon., 1656, Svo. 2. Expos, 
 of the 1st and 2d Epist. to the Galatians and Ephesians, 
 1659, 12mo. 
 
 " They abound with pertinent observations deduced from the 
 text considered in its proper connexion, and in a method almost 
 peculiar to the Scottish divines of the last century." Dr. Wil 
 liams? s a P. 
 
 3. Expos, of the 1st and 2d Epist. to the Thessalonians, 
 1675, 12mo. 
 
 " These short expositions [all of the above] are uncommonly 
 sensible, and display very considerable capacity for explaining the 
 Bible." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 New ed. of the above, in 1 vol. large Svo, Lon., 1841. 
 
 4. Serms. on the Errors of Toleration, Erastianism, Inde 
 pendency, and Separation, with four occasional Serms.. 
 Edin., 1698, Svo. 
 
 "A good old Scotch writer." BickersteWs C. S. 
 
 Ferguson, James, 1710-1776, a native of Keith, 
 Bamffshire, whilst yet very young, without the advantages 
 of education, exhibited a remarkable genius for mechanical 
 and astronomical investigations. Whilst employed in the 
 humble capacity of a shepherd, he continued his studies 
 with untiring zeal. In 1743 he came to London, where 
 he attracted great attention by the publication of astrono 
 mical tables, and the delivery of lectures, repeated in many 
 towns in England, on experimental philosophy. A list of 
 his publications and contributions to Phil. Trans, will be 
 found in Bibl. Brit. Works, edited by Sir David Brewster, 
 
FER 
 
 Edin., 5 vols. 8vo. Lectures on select Subjects in Mecha 
 nics, Hydrostatics, Ac., edited by Sir D. B., 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Astronomy explained upon Sir Isaac Newton's principles, 
 1821, 2 vols, 8vo. New ed., 1841, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " He was universally considered as at the head of astronomy 
 and mechanics in this nation of philosophers ; and he might justly 
 be styled self-taught, or rather heaven-taught, for in his whole life 
 he had not received above half a year's instruction at school." 
 Encyc. Brit. See Chambers's Lives of Illust. and Dist, Scotsmen. 
 
 Ferguson, Sir James, of Kilhenam, one of the sena 
 tors of the College of Justice. Decisions of the Ct. of Ses 
 sions, 1738-52, in the form of a Dictionary. Pub. by his 
 son, Edin., 1755, fol. 
 
 Ferguson, James. 1. Volunteer Corps, Edin., 1806, 
 Svo. 2. Reform in Civil Justice, 1807, 8vo. 3. New Biog. 
 Diet., 1810, 18mo. 4. Bill rel. to separate Tribunal, 1824, 
 8vo. 5. Entails, 1830, Svo. 
 
 "A well-timed and admirable treatise." A yr Advertiser. 
 
 6. Addit. Obs. on Entails, Svo. 7. Actions of Divorce, 
 1823, Svo. 
 
 " The discussions embrace some of the most important, and, per 
 haps, some of the most difficult, questions which can be agitated 
 in a court of law." Lon. Quart. Rev. 
 
 8. Consistorial Law in Scotland, 1829, Svo. 
 
 Ferguson, John* Surg. con. to Phil. Trans., 1738. 
 
 Ferguson, or Fergusson, John. A Diet, of the 
 Hindostan Language, Lon., 1773, 4to. The principal part 
 of the impression was lost at sea. 
 
 Ferguson, Robert, d. 1714, was ejected in 1662 from 
 his living of Godmarsham, Kent. 1. Justification, Lon., 
 1668, 12mo. 2. Moral Virtue, 1673, Svo. 3. The Interest 
 of Reason in Religion, of the Use of Scripture Metaphors, 
 Ac., 1675, Svo. 
 
 " Part of a controversy in which the author and some others 
 were engaged with Dr. Sherlock. . . . Ferguson's work contains 
 some judicious remarks on the use of reason in religion, and also 
 on the metaphysical language of Scripture." Orme's Bill. Brit. 
 
 Other works. For a notice of works pub. against Fergu 
 son's views, see Lowndes's Brit. Librarian, 758. 
 
 Ferguson, Robert. 1. The Shadow of the Pyramid ; 
 a series of Sonnets, Lon., 1847, fp. Svo. 2. The Pipe of 
 Repose; or, Recollections of Eastern Travel, 1848, 12mo; 
 3d ed., 1852, sq. 
 
 " We do not disparage ' Eothen,' when we offer an opinion that 
 it is Eothen in miniature, Eothen in spirit, Eothen in popular at 
 traction, and quite Eothen in talent." Lon. Literary Gaz. 
 
 3. Swiss Men and Swiss Mountains, 1853, 16mo. 
 
 Ferguson, Robert. A Catalogue of Books in his 
 Library, Edin., 1817, 4to. Privately printed. 
 
 Ferguson, Robert. See FERGUSSON. 
 
 Ferguson, Wm. Interest Tables, Edin., 1839, 12mo. 
 New ed., 1853, 12mo. 
 
 " For completeness, simple arrangement, and consequent ease 
 of reference, these Tables excel every work on Interest which we 
 have yet seen." Scotsman. 
 
 Ferguson, Wm. 1. Spiritual Ruin, <fcc. in the dio 
 cese of Oxford, Lon. 2. The Impending Danger of our 
 Country, 1848, fp. Svo. 
 
 "The facts of this volume are heart-rending and appalling, and 
 the nature of the remedy is a problem which ought earnestly to 
 occupy every politician and every enlarged Christian." Noncon 
 formist. 
 
 Ferguson, Wm. D. 1. Practice of Cts. in Ireland, 
 Dubl., 1841, '42, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " Of the treatises which have appeared on the practice of the 
 Courts, I may especially allude to that of Mr. Ferguson, a work of 
 very great merit and very considerable accuracy." PROFESSOR 
 NAPIER. 
 
 2. Practical Proceed, and Pleadings of Cts. in Ireland, 
 1845, Svo. 3. Irish Cts. Registrations, 1846, 12mo. 4. Law 
 of Railway Companies in Ireland, 1848, 12mo. 5. Code 
 rel. to Churches, Lon., 1851, Svo. 6. Tenure and improv. 
 of Land in Ireland, 1851, 8vo. 
 
 Fergusone,or Fergusson,David. Sermon preachit 
 befoire the Regent and Nobilitie, Sanctandrois, 1572, 8vo. 
 
 Fergusson, David. Epithalamium mysticum Salo- 
 monis Regis, <tc., Edin., 1677, 12mo. 
 
 Fergusson, James. 1. Ancient Topog. of Jerusa 
 lem, 1847, imp. Svo. 2. Ancient Architecture in Hindos 
 tan, Lon., 1847, fol. 
 
 "Exquisite specimens of artistic skill, enhanced in value by 
 the faithfulness with which every scene and place is recorded." 
 Lon. Art Union. 
 
 3. Hist. Inquiry into the true Principles of Beauty in 
 Art, more especially with reference to Architecture, 1848, 
 imp. Svo. See commendation in Lon. Eclectic Review. 
 4. The Palaces of Nineveh and Persepolis Restored, 
 1851, Svo. 
 
 " This book contains many things of general interest relating to 
 one of the most wonderful discoveries that have occurred in the his 
 tory of the world." Lon. Gent. Mag. 
 
 Other works. 
 
 Fergusson, Robert, 1750-1774, a Scotch poet of con- 
 
 FER 
 
 siderable merit, was a native of Edinburgh, and educated 
 at the University of St. Andrew's. He contributed many 
 pieces to Ruddiman's Weekly Magazine, (commenced in 
 1768,) which he pub. in a volume in 1773, Edin., 12mo: 
 Perth, 1789, 2 vols. 12ino; Glasg., 1800, 12mo. With Life, 
 by Alex. Peterkin, Edin., 1807, Greenock, 1810, Svo. With 
 Life, by David Irving ; numerous edits. A new ed. has re 
 cently been pub. by A. Fullarton, Edinburgh. 
 
 " The most correct and authentic collection of the works of Fer 
 gusson extant." North British Mail. 
 
 "An edition of Fergusson, such as this is complete, careful, and 
 handsome was wanted, and is welcome." Scotsman. 
 
 Habits of dissipation resulted in poverty and despond 
 ency, and the poet ended his life in the Insane Asylum at 
 Edinburgh. An interesting memoir of Fergusson will be 
 found in Chambers's Lives of Illust. and Dist. Scotsmen. 
 Burns greatly admired Fergusson, and was stimulated to 
 poetical composition by reading his effusions. He erected 
 a monument to his memory in the Canongate churchyard, 
 and often bewails his unhappy end, both in his prose and 
 poetical pieces. We quote the following elegy, written by 
 Burns in a copy of Fergusson's works : 
 
 " Curse on ungrateful man that can be pleased, 
 And yet can starve the author of his pleasure! 
 Oh, thou, my elder brother in misfortune, 
 By far my elder brother in the muses, 
 With tears I pity thy unhappy fate! 
 Why is the bard unfitted for the world, 
 Yet has so keen a relish of its pleasures?" 
 
 This is all very absurd. If "the bard" would cultivate 
 industry and virtue, instead of addicting himself to the 
 "good sherris sack," he would do well enough in "the 
 world." 
 
 Fergusson, Robert. 1. Representation in Scotland, 
 <fcc., 1792, Svo. 2. Proceed, rel. to Earl of Thanet, <fcc., 
 1799, &c. 
 
 Fergusson, Wm., M.D. 1. Con. to Med. Chirurg. 
 Trans., 1811, '13. 2. Notes and Recollec. of a Profess. 
 Life, edited by his son, James Fergusson, Lon., 1846, Svo. 
 
 "To the medical officer, and, we may add, in many instances, to 
 the civil practitioner also, it cannot fail to prove both interesting 
 and useful." United Service Gaz. 
 
 3. A System of Practical Surgery, 1842, fp. Svo; 3d ed., 
 1852; 4th Amer. from the 3d Lon. ed., Phila., 1854, Svo. 
 
 " We feel persuaded it will prove as great a favourite as it de 
 serves." Edin. Jour, of Med. Science. 
 
 "No work was ever written which more nearly comprehended 
 the necessities of the student and practitioner, and was more care 
 fully arranged to that single purpose than this." N. Y. Med. and 
 Surg. Jour. 
 
 Fermar, Henrietta Louisa, Countess of Pomfret. 
 Corresp. between her and the Countess of Hartford, (after 
 wards Duchess of Somerset,) Lon., 1803, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Ferme, Charles, d. about 1620, a native of Edin 
 burgh, regent 1589, afterwards minister of Fraserburgh. 
 Analysis Logica in Epistolam Apostoli Pauli ad Romanes, 
 Edin., 1651, 12mo. 
 
 "A small but very excellent work, in which the argument and 
 meaning of the apostle are very accurately unfolded." Orme's 
 Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Fermor,Wm. Cow-pox and small-pox,Lon.,1800,8vo. 
 
 Fern, Dr. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1698. 
 
 Fern, Fanny. See PAKTON, MRS. SARAH P. 
 
 Fern, Robert. Funl. serm., Lon., 1710, Svo. 
 
 Fern, Thomas. Cure for the King's Evil, Lon., 4to. 
 
 Fernandez, Eleonora. The Economy of the Hu 
 man Mind, Lon., Svo. 
 
 Feme, Henry, D.D., 1602-1661, a native of York, 
 educated at St. Mary Hall, Oxf., and Trin. Coll., Camb. 
 He became Archdeacon of Leicester, Dean of Ely, Master 
 of Trin. Coll., Camb., and Vice- Chancellor, and in 1661 
 Bishop of Chester. He pub. four tracts against the Re 
 bellion, 1642, '43, two serms., 1644-49, and five treatises 
 in defence of the Ch. of Eng. against Romanism and Pres- 
 byterianism, 1647-60. His tract, On Submission to th 
 Church, will be found in Tracts Angl. Fathers, iii. 11. 
 
 Feme, Sir John, d. about!610, an eminent antiquary, 
 father of the preceding, was educated at Oxford, whence 
 he went to the Middle Temple. The Blazon of Gentrie : 
 deuided into two Parts. The first named The Glorie of 
 Generoskie; the second, Lacy's Nobilitie, Lon., 1586, 4to. 
 According to Dallaway, this was the most complete epi 
 tome then extant. 
 
 Feme, or Fern, Robert. Serms., Lon., 1721, Svo. 
 
 Feme, Wm. Tract on Adam's sin, rel. to a Letter 
 to C. Beatty, and Remarks by Wm. Ferguson, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 Fernehough, Wm., Vicar of Aspatria. 1. Trent- 
 ham Park ; a Poem, Lon., 1789, 4to. 2. Poems, 1814, 8vo. 
 
 Fernel, John. Christian Reconciler, 1801, 12mo. 
 
 Fernie, John. 1. Hist, of the Town and Parish of 
 Dunfermline, Dunferm., 1815, Svo. 2. Serms., 1818, Svo. 
 
FER 
 
 FER 
 
 Feron, John. Farriery, Lon., 1803, 4to ; 1809, Svo. 
 Ferrall, Denis. Book-Keeping, Dubl., Svo. 
 Ferrall, S. A. Under this name appeared Nos. 1 and 
 3 of the works of O'FERRALL, SIMON A., q. v. 
 Ferrar, John. 1. Hist, of Limerick, Lim., 1787, Svo. 
 
 2. Tour from Dublin to London in 1795, Dubl. 1796, Svo. 
 
 3. View of Anc. and Mod. Dublin, 1796, Svo. 
 Ferrar, Nicholas, 1592-1637, one of the most ex 
 cellent of men, in great reputation for learning and piety, 
 a native of London, was educated at Clare Hall, Cam 
 bridge. He acted for some time as secretary to the Vir 
 ginia Company, and in 1624 was chosen member of Par 
 liament. In the last-mentioned year he purchased the 
 lordship of- Little Gidding, in the county of Huntingdon, 
 where, with his mother, sister, and other relations he 
 never married to the number of forty persons, he esta 
 blished what has often been called The English Nunnery. 
 More properly speaking, the community of Little Gidding 
 worshipped God after the strict model of ancient devotion. 
 In the words of Bishop Home, 
 
 " The pious Mr. Nicholas Ferrar exhibited in the last century 
 an instance of a Protestant family in which a constant course of 
 Psalmody was appointed, and so strictly kept up, that, through 
 the whole four and twenty hours of day and night, there was no 
 portion of time when some of the members were not employed in 
 the performing that most pleasant part of duty and devotion." 
 Comment on CXXXW. Psalm. 
 
 This excellent family did not only " show piety at home," 
 but were the nurses, the counsellors, the bodily and spiri 
 tual physicians, of the whole neighbourhood. Whether 
 the community of Little Gidding had too much piety or 
 not, it less becomes the reader to inquire, than whether 
 he himself have enough ! If the banqueting hall of 
 Lucullus were more frequently converted into the oratory 
 of Little Gidding, it would be difficult to show that society 
 or the world would be the loser. 
 
 We would fain linger on this pleasing theme, but must 
 refer the reader to Memoirs of the Life of Mr. Nicholas 
 Ferrar, by the Eev. P. Peckard, D.D., Camb., 1790, Svo.; 
 abridged, Lon., 1852, fp. Svo; to Chalmers's Biog. Diet, 
 and to Dibdin's Bibliomania. Nicholas Ferrar pub., with 
 out his name, a trans, of the 110 Considerations brought 
 out of Italy by Vergerius. Ac., Oxf., 1638. 
 
 Ferrar, Robert, Bishop of St. David's, 1548, burned, 
 1555, was an ancestor of the preceding. Bishop Burnet 
 says he was one of the committee nominated to compile 
 the English liturgy, but his name does not appear among 
 those who prepared the new liturgy in 1547. Probably 
 Burnet refers to the correction of th& liturgy in 1540. 
 Ferrar's name appears as one of the signers to the confes 
 sion of faith, May 8, 1554. See Foxe's Acts and Monu 
 ments, A then. Oxon. 
 
 Ferrarius, James Alex. Euclides Catholicus, Lon., 
 1673, 4te ; Oxon., 1680, Svo. In English, by J. D., Lon., 
 1673, Svo. See Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Ferrebee, Michael. Serm., Lon., 1732, 4to. 
 
 Ferrerius, Johannes. See FERRIER, JOHN. 
 
 Ferrers, Edward, is mentioned by Wood as the 
 author (died 1564) of several Tragedies, Comedies, and 
 Interludes, but Wood quotes from Puttenham, who calls 
 George Ferrers, Edward Ferrers. It is therefore very 
 doubtful whether Edward Ferrers, who was of a War 
 wickshire family, is entitled to be ranked among authors. 
 See Bliss's notes in his ed. of Athen. Oxon., i. 340, 445. 
 
 Ferrers, George, 1512F-1579, a lawyer, historian, 
 and poet, a native of a village near St. Alban's, Hertford 
 shire, after receiving his education at Oxford, removed to 
 Lincoln's Inn, where he rose to great distinction. He trans. 
 Magna Charta into Latin and English, and the Laws 
 enacted temp. Henry III. and Edw. I. into English, and 
 wrote six of the poetical chronicles in the Mirror for Magis 
 trates:!. The Fall of Robert Tresilian. 2. The Tragedy 
 of Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester. 3. The 
 Tragedy of Richard II. 4. The Story of Dame Eleanor 
 Cobham. 5. The Story of Humphrey Plantagenet, Duke 
 of Gloucester. 6. The Tragedy of Edward, Duke of Somer 
 set. We have already had occasion to notice this grand 
 old work, The Mirror for Magistrates. See BALDWIN, WIL 
 LIAM; DORSET, THOMAS SACKVILLE, EARL OP; and autho 
 rities cited under former name. Ferrers seems to have 
 been accomplished in the manners of the day, and sus 
 tained the office of LORD OF MISRULE with gre.at credit. 
 
 " George Ferrers, gentleman of Lincolns-inn, being lord of all the 
 disportes all the 12 days of Christmas, anno MDLIII., at Green 
 wich: also so pleasantly and wisely behaved himself, that the 
 king had great delight in his pastymes." Stowtfs diron., p. 632. 
 
 " Being of better credit and estimation than commonlie his pre 
 decessors had beene before, he received all his commissions and 
 warrants by the name of the MAISTER OF THE KING'S PASTIMES," 
 
 Holinshed's C'iron., iii., p. 1067 ; col. ii. 10. See Warton's Hist, of 
 Eng. Poetry; Biog. Brit.; Athen. Oxon. ; Brydges's Phillips's Thea- 
 trum Poetarum. 
 
 Ferrers, Henry? 1579-1663, of the same family as 
 the preceding, educated at Oxford, made collections used 
 by Dugdale in his Antiquities of Norwichshire. Some of 
 his poetical pieces were pub., and he left some MS. compo 
 sitions. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. He left behind 
 him the character of 
 
 " A well-bred gent., a good neighbour, and an honest man." 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Ferrers, Richard. The Worth of Woman ; a Poem, 
 Lon., 1622, Svo. 
 
 Ferrerz, George. See FERRERS. 
 
 Ferrey, Benjamin. Hist, of the Priory of Christ 
 Church, Hampshire, Lon., 1834, 4to, and imp. 4to. This 
 magnificent edifice is supposed to be coeval with Rufus. 
 
 Ferriar, John, M.D., 1764-1815, a native of Chester, 
 physician to the Manchester Infirmary, possessed great 
 literary taste, and was an excellent critic. 1. The Prince 
 of Angola ; a Trag., altered from the Play of Oronooko, 
 Lon., 1788, Svo. 2. Medical Histories and Reflections, 
 1792-8, 3 yols. Svo. New ed., 1810, 3 vols. Svo. 3. Illus 
 trations of Sterne, with other Essays, Manches., 1798, Svo ; 
 Lon., 1812, 2 vols. Svo. Sterne is proved to have pillaged 
 largely from Burton, Hall, and the old French novelists. 
 Ferriar gives a Biographical and Critical account of the 
 " Shandy Library." ^ 
 
 " If we propose to look closely into the style of composition which 
 Sterne thought proper to adopt, we find a sure guide in the inge 
 nious Dr. Ferriar, who, with the most singular patience, has traced 
 our author through the hidden sources whence he borrowed most 
 of his striking and peculiar expressions." SIR W. SCOTT. 
 
 4. Foxglove, Manches., 1799, 12mo. 5. Bibliomania; 
 an Epistle to Richard Heber, Esq., Lon., 1S09, Svo; and 
 in the 2d ed. of the Illustrations of Sterne, &G. 
 
 " I will not, however, disguise to you that I read it with uniform 
 delight, and that I rose from the perusal with a keen appetite for 
 'The small, rare volume, black with tarnished gold.'" 
 
 Dibdin's Bibliomania, ed. 1811, p. 3. 
 
 Of Dr. Ferriar's bibliomania, and of the disease itself, 
 we have had something to say in our article, DIBBIN, 
 THOMAS FROGNALL, q. v. 
 
 6. An Essay towards a Theory of Apparitions, 1813, Svo. 
 Highly commended. 7. Case of Hydrophobia; in Med. 
 Facts, 1791. 
 
 Ferriby, John. Short Discourse rel. to Preachers, 
 Lon., 1653. 
 
 Ferrier, James, Prof, of Moral Philosophy and 
 Political Economy, St. Andrew's, son-in-law of the late 
 Professor John Wilson. 1. Institutes of Metaphysics, the 
 Theory of knowing and being, Edin. and Lon., 1854, p. Svo. 
 
 "This is no ordinary book. If we mistake not, its publication 
 will mark an epoch in the history of speculation in this country. 
 The author is familiar with what has been done in this field by an 
 cients and moderns ; and his acuteness and independence of think 
 ing are as conspicuous as his learning. The author himself knows 
 that his case so stands, and he does not affect to conceal from you 
 the fact of his knowing it. ... We have said enough, we hope, 
 concerning Mr. Ferrier's book, to commend it effectually to such 
 of our readers as are wont to be interested in publications of this 
 nature." British Quar. Rev. 
 
 "Both among the details which command our assent, and in 
 examining the leading principle from which we have so widely 
 differed, we meet an independent devotion to speculations that 
 we love, as rare as it is refreshing in these degenerate days. When 
 we turn from these pages to the dull wilderness of commonplace 
 which spreads over most of the literature that now calls itself philo 
 sophical, we remember the inclination of the philosophic Roman : 
 ERRARE malo cum Platone, quam cum islis VERA sentire" North 
 Brit. Rev. 
 
 2. The Works of Prof. John Wilson, edited by Prof. 
 Ferrier, 12 vols. 12mo: i., ii., 1855; iii.-vi., 1856; vii.-x., 
 1857; xi., xii., 1858.. 
 
 Ferrier, John. Historia Monasterii, a Kenlos Ordi- 
 nis Cisterciensis in Scotia, Ac., scripta anno 1537, Mart, 
 et Dur. Coll., vi. 319. 
 
 Ferrier, Miss Mary, d. 1855, was the daughter of 
 James Ferrier, of Edinburgh, one of Walter Scott's "breth 
 ren of the clerk's table." She was the authoress of three 
 excellent novels, in three vols. each, viz. : 1. The Marriage, 
 1818. 2. The Inheritance, 1824. 3. Destiny; or, The 
 Chiefs Daughter, 1831. All repub. in Bentley's Standard 
 Novels, vols. Ixxxiii., Ixxxiv., Ixxxv. In the conclusion to 
 The Legend of Montrose, Scott pays the following high 
 compliment to Miss Ferrier: 
 
 " I retire from the field, conscious there remains behind notonJy 
 a large harvest, but labourers capable of gathering it in. More than 
 one writer has already displayed talents of this description ; and if 
 the present author, himself a phantom, may be permitted to dis 
 tinguish a brother, or perhaps a sister, shadow, he would mention 
 in particular the author of the very lively work entitled ' Marriage.' " 
 The reader will find several notices of Miss Ferrier in 
 
 589 
 
FER 
 
 Lockhart's Life of Scott. She was a favourite guest at 
 Abbotsford, and her society tended to cheer the melan 
 choly hours which clouded the last months of the life of 
 the great novelist. Sir Walter describes Miss Ferrier as 
 
 " A gifted personage, having, besides her great talents, conver 
 sation the least exigeante of any author, female at least, whom he 
 had ever seen among the long list he had encountered; simple, 
 full of humour, and exceedingly ready at repartee; and all this 
 without the least affectation of the blue-stocking." 
 
 "Edgeworth, Ferrier, Austen, have all given portraits of real 
 society far superior to any thing man vain man has produced 
 of the like nature." 
 
 "To a warm heart, a lively fancy, and great powers of discrimi 
 nation, Miss Ferrier has added variety of knowledge, and a graphic 
 art of describing all she sees and all she feels, which give her a 
 distinguished place among the novelists of the day." Allan Cun 
 ningham's Biog. and Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of the last Fifty Years. 
 Ferrier, Robert. Testimony of the King of Mar 
 tyrs, Job xvii. 36, 37, by J. Glass, with Pref. by R. F., 
 Edin., 1747, 8vo. 
 
 Ferrier, W. Two Discourses, Paisley, 1798, 1801. 
 Ferris, Benjamin. A History of the Original 
 Settlements on the Delaware from its Discovery by Hud 
 son to the Colonization under William Penn, Wilmington, 
 Del., 1846, 8vo. 
 
 Ferris, Benj. G., late Secretary of Utah Territory. 
 Utah and the Mormons, N. York, 1854, 12mo. 
 
 Ferris, James. 1. Strictures on the Eng. Constitu 
 tion, Lon., 1806, 8vo. 2. Union with Ireland. 
 
 Ferris, Richard. Adventures of himself and others 
 in a row in a wherry-boat, <fec., Lon., 1590, 4to. 
 
 Ferris, Samuel, M.D. 1. Disputatio de Sanguinis, 
 Ac., Edin., 1784, 8vo. 2. Coll. of Physic, Lon., 1795, 8vo. 
 3. Con. to Med. Facts, 1791. 
 
 Ferris, Sarah. Mental Perceptions, 1807, 12mo. 
 Ferry. Relation of Sir Thos. Roe's Voy. to E. India. 
 See Valli's Travels, p. 325, 1665. 
 
 Ferryman, R. 1. Brit. Quadrupeds and Birds in his 
 Museum, Brist, 1789, 8vo. 2. Brit. Quadrupeds and Birds 
 in the Brit. Zob'l. Mus., Lon., 1795, 8vo. 
 
 Fessenden, Thomas, d. 1813, aged 74, minister of 
 "Walpole, New Hampshire. 1. Science of Sanctity, 1804, 
 8vo. 2. The Boston self-styled Gentleman Reviewers Re 
 viewed, 1806. 
 
 Fessenden, Thomas Green, 1771-1837, anative of 
 Walpole, New Hampshire, and a son of the above. 1. Ter 
 rible Tractoration ; a Poem, by Christopher Caustic, 1803, 
 8vo. Anon. This is a defence of the Metallic Tractors of 
 Perkins. 2. Orig. Poems, 1804, 12mo. 3. The Minute Philo 
 sopher, 1806. This is an enlargement of No. 1. A third 
 ed. was pub. towards the close of his life. 4. Democracy 
 Unveiled, 1806, 12mo. 5. American Clerk's Companion, 
 1815. 6. Law of Patents for New Inventions, 2d ed., 
 1822, 8vo. Severely criticized and condemned in N. Amer 
 Rev., xvi. 199. Mr. F. wrote many Essays on Agriculture 
 and was editor of the N. England Farmer, The Horticul 
 tural Register, The Silk Manual, The Reporter, The In- 
 telligencer, and The Monitor. An interesting account of 
 him will be found in E. A. and G. L. Duyckincks' Cyc. of 
 Amer. Lit. 
 
 Festeau, Paul. Fr. and Eng. Grammar, Lon., 1675 
 8vo. 
 
 Testing, Michael. Serms., Lon., 1757, '59. 
 Fetherstone, Rev. Christopher. Dialogue agains 
 Dauncing, Lon.,1582, Svo; trans., and other works, 1584-87 
 Fettiplace, Thomas. 1. The Celestial Larnpe, Lon. 
 1637, 24mo. 2. The Sinner's Tears, 1688, 12mo. 
 
 Feuillerade, Peter, Rector of Bygrave. Serm. 
 1777, 4to. 
 
 Fewterer, John. The Myrrour, or Glasse of Christe' 
 Passion, 1634, fol. Trans, into English at the desire o: 
 Lord Hussey. 
 
 Feylde, Thomas. A lytel Treatyse called the Co 
 trauerse bytwene a Louer and a Jaye, Lon., by W. d 
 Worde, 4to. This rare poem, in six lines stanzas, was soL 
 for 39 in the Roxburghe sale, 3274. 2. The Coplaynt 
 of a Louer's Lyfe, Lon., by Wynkyn de Worde, 4to ; Rox 
 burghe, 3283, 58. New ed., Lon., 1818, 4to. Presente 
 to the members of the Roxburghe Club by the Rev. T. F 
 Dibdin, D.D. 30 copies, and one upon vellum. Sykes 
 7. Dent, 3 Is. 
 
 Fidalgo, S. A Lecture of Moving Figures, Lon 
 1768, 8vo. A political pamphlet. 
 
 Fiddes, Richard, D.D., 1671-1725, a native of Hum 
 manby, near Scarborough, was educated at Oxford, an 
 became Rector of Halsham about 1694. Having lost th 
 power of free utterance, he devoted himself to authorship 
 1. A Body of Divinity, Lon., 1718-20, 2 vols. fol. Thi 
 was well received, but now seems neglected. 2. 46 Prac 
 
 FIE 
 
 cal discourses, 1713-15, 3 vols. 8vo. Dr. Waterland com 
 mends them in his Advice to a Student. 3. 52 Practical 
 )iscourses, 1720, '28, .fol. 4. Life of Cardinal Wolsey, 
 724, '26, fol. ; 1742, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "Dr. Fiddes vilifies the Reformation, depreciates the instru 
 ments of it, and palliates the absurdities of the Romish Church." 
 DR. KMGHT : Life of Erasmus. 
 
 There is but little vivacity in Fiddes's biography. Re- 
 pecting the Life of Wolsey, see CAVENDISH, GEORGE. 
 >. Treatise of Morality, 1726, 8vo. Fiddes also pub. an 
 answer to an attack upon his Life of Wolsey, and some 
 minor pieces. 
 
 Fiddler, Rev. Isaac. Observations on Professions, 
 Literature, Manners, and Emigration, in the United States 
 md Canada, made during a residence there in 1832, Lon.. 
 833, 12mo, pp. 434. 
 
 " This is another precious specimen of the class of books with 
 
 r hich John Bull is now regularly humbugged three or four times 
 
 year, under the name of observations on the state of society, 
 
 manners, and literature, in the United States.'' ALEXANDER H. 
 
 SVERETT : N. Amer. Rev., xxxvii. 273. Read this witty article, by 
 
 a " eminent hand." 
 
 Fidel, Theop. Interesting Dialogue between the 
 'arson and the Farmer, Lon., 1806, 8vo. 
 Fidell, Thomas. A Perfect Guide for a studious 
 foung Lawyer; being Prec. for Conveyancing, 1654, 4to; 
 1658, 8vo. 
 
 Fidge, Wm. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1764. 
 Field, Baron. 1. Analysis of Blackstone's Comment., 
 Lon., 1811, 8vo,- 3d ed., 1821, 8vo; N. York, 1822, 8vo. 
 2. Hints to Witnesses, Lon., 1815, 8vo. 3. Geographical 
 WLemoirs of N. South Wales, by various Hands, 1825, 8vo. 
 See an article on the Australian Colonies, with notices of 
 iVentworth's, Carr's, and Field's works, in the London 
 Quarterly Review, xxxii. 311. 
 
 Field, Chester. Scripture Illustrated by interesting 
 Facts, edited by Rev. John Todd, D.D., Lon., 1850, 18mo. 
 Field, Edwin W. Observ. of a Solicitor on the 
 Equity Courts, Lon., 1840, 8vo. 
 " A very able and well-written pamphlet." 4 Jurist, 113. 
 Field, Frederick. Serm., Camb., 1834, 8vo. 
 Field, George, 1777-1854. I.Brit. School of Modern 
 Artists, Lon., 1802, 8vo. 2. Chromatics, or Harmony 
 of Colours; new ed., 1845, 8vo. 3. Outlines of Analytical 
 Philosophy, 1839, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. Tritogenia : a Synopsis 
 of Universal Hist. ; 3d ed., 1846, 8vo. Other works. 
 Field, Henry. Con. to Mem. Med., 1799, 1805. 
 Field, Rev. Henry M. The Irish Confederates, and 
 the Rebellion of 1798, N. York, 1851, 12mo. 
 
 "A personal and political history, which has about it all the 
 charm of romance." The Irish American. 
 
 Field, Rev. James, of Antigua. Account of two 
 cases of Wounds in the Stomach, Phil. Trans., 1752. Cured. 
 Field, John. Theolog. trans, and treatises, 1578-88. 
 Field, John. 1. Treatise on Prison Discipline, Lon., 
 1846, 8vo. New ed., 1848, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Life of John 
 Howard, Lon., 1850, 8vo. 3. Corresp. of John Howard, 
 1855, fp. 8vo. 
 
 Field, John. Posthumous Extracts from the Veteri 
 nary Records of ihe late John Field, edited by his brother, 
 Wm. Field, Veterinary Surgeon, Lon., 1843, Svo. 
 
 Field, Martin, d. 1833, aged 60, of Fayetteville, Ver 
 mont, pub. treatises on mineralogy and natural history. 
 Field, Matthew. See FEILDE. 
 Field, Matthew C., d. 1844, aged 32, whilst on a 
 voyage from New Orleans to Boston, for the benefit of his 
 health. He contributed many poetical and other articles 
 to the Southern journals, under the signature of Phazma. 
 Field, Nathaniel, a dramatic author, temp. James I. 
 and Charles I., is supposed to be the same Field who acted 
 upon the stage. 1. A Woman's a Weathercock; a Com., 
 Lon., 1612, 4to. 2. Amends for Ladies; a Com., 1639, 4to. 
 3. In conjunction with Massinger, The Fatal Dowry; a 
 Trag., 1632, 4to. 
 "A very good play." Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Field, Nathaniel, Rector of Stourton, Wilts, a son 
 of Richard Field, D.D., author of the work entitled, Of the 
 Church, pub. Memorials concerning the Life of Dr. Richard 
 Field, with a Pref. by John Le Neve, Lon., 1716. 
 
 Field, Richard, D.D., 1561-1616, a native of Hamp- 
 sted, Hertfordshire, educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxf.; Di 
 vinity Reader to Lincoln's Inn, 1594; Rector of Burghclere, 
 Hampshire, and Preb. of Windsor ; Dean of Gloucester, 
 1610. He was in great reputation for learning, piety, and 
 public usefulness. His great work, entitled, Of the Church, 
 was first pub. in 1606, four books, 1 vol. fol.; 5th book, 
 with an Appendix, 1610, fol.; new ed. of the whole, Oxf., 
 1628, 1 vol. fol.; again, with an Appendix and Defence, 
 1635, fol. New ed., Camb., 1847-52, 4 vols. Svo, 42s.; 
 
FIE 
 
 again, 1853, 4 vols. 8vo. See Tracts of the Angl. Fathers, 
 iii. 73. 
 
 When Dr. Kettle endeavoured to persuade Dr. Field not 
 to write this work, telling him that it would embroil him 
 in controversy, he answered : 
 
 " I will so write that they shall have no great mind to answer 
 toe." 
 
 King James I. delighted to converse with Field on mat 
 ters of divinity; and when he first preached hefore him, 
 he said : 
 
 " Is his name Field ? This is the Field for God to dwell in !" 
 
 When he heard of his death, he exclaimed : 
 
 " I should have done more for that man." 
 
 " He was in his time esteemed a principal maintainer of Protes- 
 tancy, a powerful preacher, a profound schoolman, exact dispu 
 tant, and so admirable well knowing in the controversies between 
 the Protestants and Papists, that few or none went beyond him 
 in his time. He had a great memory, and any book which he read 
 he was able to carry away the substance of it in his memory, and 
 to give an account of all the material passages therein." Athen. 
 Oxon. 
 
 " That learned divine, whose memory smelleth like a FIELD which 
 the Lord hath blessed." FULLER. 
 
 "This one volume, thoroughly understood and appropriated, 
 will place you in the highest rank of doctrinal Church-of-England 
 divines, andin no mean rank as a true doctrinal Church historian." 
 SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE : Letter to his son, the Rev. Derwent 
 Coleridge. 
 
 " Field on the Church has been much praised by Coleridge. It 
 is, as it seemed to me, a more temperate work in ecclesiastical 
 theory than some have represented it to be, and written almost 
 wholly against Rome." Hattam's Introduc. to Lit. Hist. 
 
 Dr. Field pub. a serm., 1604, 4to, and had in course of 
 preparation a work entitled, A View of the Controversies 
 in Religion, fcc. The Pref. to this unfinished work will 
 be found in his son's Life of him. See FIELD, NATHANIEL, 
 and see Athen. Oxon., Bliss's ed., ii. 81. 
 
 Field, Richard Stockton, b. 1803, at Whitehill, N. 
 Jersey. 1. The Provincial Courts of New Jersey, <fec., N.Y., 
 1849, 8vo. 2. Address before the Surviving Members of 
 the Convention to form a Constitution for N. Jersey in 
 1844, 8vo, 1853. 3. Address on the Power of Habit, 1855. 
 4. Contributions to Collections N. Jersey Hist. Soc., Ac. 
 
 Field, Theop., Bishop of St. David's. Serm., Lon., 
 1624, 8vo. 
 
 Field, Rev. W. Use of the Globes, 1811, 12mo. 
 
 Field, Rev. W. Memoirs of the Life, Writings, and 
 Opinions, of the Rev. Samuel Parr, LL.D., Lon., 1828, 2 
 vols. 8vo. This interesting work contains anecdotes of 
 many of the literary characters of the early part of the 19th 
 century. 
 
 Field, Wm. 1. Letter rel. to Dissenters, 1791, 8vo. 
 2. Second do., 1791, 8vo. 3. Pract. Ct. K. Bench in Per 
 sonal Actions, 3 pts., 1798. 
 
 Field, Wm. See FIELD, JOHN. 
 
 Fielder, John. Petition to Parl., 1651, 4to. 
 
 Fielder, Richard. Petition of the Waggoners, fol. 
 
 Fielding, Charles George, son of the Earl of 
 Derby. The Brothers ; an Eclogue, Lon., 1781, 8vo. 
 
 Fielding, George. Surgical Cases, Lon., 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Fielding, Henry, 1707-1754, a son of Lieutenant- 
 General Fielding, and great-grandson of William, third Earl 
 of Denbigh, was born at Sharpham Park, Somersetshire, on 
 the 22d of April. After prosecuting his classical studies at 
 Eton, he went to the University of Leyden, where, for two 
 years, he devoted himself to the investigation of civil law. 
 The straitened circumstances of General Fielding .placed 
 Henry in a mortifying position among his fellow-students, 
 and before the termination of his 21st year he returned to 
 London, and became a writer for the stage. His Comedy of 
 Love in several Masques appeared in the same year 1727 
 in which he returned to England, and notwithstanding 
 the little encouragement which the author received, he 
 produced a long list of plays, of which even the names are 
 now unknown to the majority of readers. In 1734 Field 
 ing fell deeply in love with a celebrated beauty, Miss 
 Charlotte Cradock, possessed of many accomplishments, 
 and 1500. An immediate union was the result of this 
 acquaintance, and the groom at this time coming into pos 
 session of about 200 per annum by the death of his 
 mother, the young couple retired to their estate in the 
 country. 
 
 Here they might have lived in comfort and respectability ; 
 but these substantial blessings by no means satisfied the 
 ambition of a gay cavalier, who aspired to a splendid esta 
 blishment and a crowd of boon companions. A host of 
 servants, horses, hounds, and an open table to all the rakes 
 who chose to live upon his bounty, reduced Fielding to 
 poverty; in three years his coffers were exhausted, his 
 constitution shattered, and his summer friends on the 
 wing to more promising pastures. 
 
 
 FIE 
 
 He returned to London, determined to put into profit 
 able exercise that knowledge of the law which he had ac 
 quired in happier days. There is every reason excepting 
 an apprehension of the return of convivial habits to sup 
 pose that he would have succeeded in the arduous vocation 
 which he had embraced with great zeal, had it not been for 
 violent and repeated attacks of the gout, which forbade his 
 attendance on the circuits. He therefore again sought and 
 obtained literary employment, and we soon find him as 
 sistant editor of The Champion, a periodical paper, and 
 author of the essays On Conversation, On the Knowledge 
 of the Characters of Men, and the Journey from this World 
 to the Next. At this time also he produced some poetical 
 compositions, which do not seem to have possessed any un 
 common merit. We should not omit to mention, as a proof 
 of his diligence whilst yet engaged in legal pursuits, that 
 he prepared a voluminous Digest of the Statutes at Large, 
 in two folio volumes, which remained unpublished in the 
 hands of his brother, Sir John Fielding, his successor in 
 the post of Middlesex magistrate. He now gave to the 
 world a curious satire, entitled The History of Jonathan 
 Wild the Great, which has received the rather dubious 
 compliment of being 
 
 " Perhaps the most ingeniously-arranged description of a tissue 
 of blackguardisms which has ever been given to the world." 
 
 In 1742 appeared the novel of Joseph Andrews; in 1749 
 he pub. Tom Jones; and two years later gratified his large 
 circle of admirers by the novel of Amelia, which he sold 
 for 1000. 
 
 In Amelia, the author drew a picture of his wife, to whom 
 he was sincerely attached, and whose death he was called 
 upon to mourn whilst struggling amidst pecuniary embar 
 rassments. The mourner, however, did not absolutely re 
 fuse consolation. 
 
 " His biographers seem to have been shy of disclosing that, after 
 the death of this charming woman, he married her maid. And 
 yet the act was not so discreditable to his character as it may sound. 
 The maid had few personal charms, but was an excellent creature, 
 devotedly attached to her mistress, and almost broken-hearted for 
 her loss. In the first agonies of his own grief, which approached 
 to frenzy, he found no relief but from weeping along with her; 
 nor solace, when a degree calmer, but in talking of the angel they 
 mutually regretted. This made her his habitual confidential asso 
 ciate, and in process of time he began to think he could not give 
 his children a tenderer mother, or secure for himself a more faith 
 ful housekeeper and nurse. At least this was what he told his 
 friends ; and it is certain that her conduct as his wife confirmed it, 
 and fully justified his good opinion." Letters and Works of Lady 
 Mary Wortky Montagu. Edited by Lord Wharndiffe. Introduc. 
 Anecdotes. 
 
 In 1745 Fielding supported the government in The True 
 Patriot, and in 1748 conducted a periodical of the same 
 character, entitled The Jacobite's Journal. When 43 years 
 of age, he received the appointment of a Justice of the 
 Peace for the county of Middlesex, and retained this post 
 until within a short time of his death. He seems, from his 
 knowledge both of law and criminal character, to have 
 been admirably adapted to this troublesome office, and 
 evinced a laudable zeal for the public interest by publish 
 ing An Inquiry into the causes of the late increase of Rob 
 bers, 1751, and a Proposal for making an Effectual Pro 
 vision for the Poor, for amending their Morals, and for 
 rendering them useful Members of Society, 1753. 
 
 "These tracts, having been written by the most eminent of Eng 
 lish novelists, have attracted fully as much attention as they were 
 entitled to on account of their intrinsic merits. The first, how 
 ever, is written with great force, and contains various statement s 
 and reasonings that throw a great deal of light on the causes of 
 crime and pauperism, and on the state of the London poor at the 
 time. But, like most other writers on the same subject, Fielding 
 has ascribed far too much to legislative and police arrangements, 
 and too little to the care and discretion of individuals." McCul- 
 loch's Lit. of Polit. Earn. 
 
 The last service he rendered to the public in his official 
 capacity was the extirpation by the approbation of go 
 vernment, who placed a fund of 600 at his disposal for 
 the purpose of several gangs of thieves and highwaymen 
 who grievously afflicted the good citizens of London. Al 
 though now in a wretched state of health, he contrived for 
 a twelvemonth to edit with great ability a new semi- weekly 
 periodical, entitled The Covent-Garden Journal, which be 
 came a great favourite with the public. In 1754 he sailed 
 for Lisbon for the benefit of his health, and died October 8, 
 two months after his arrival, in the 48th year of his age. 
 His Journal of his Voyage was pub. in 1755, 12mo. We 
 have already stated that Fielding never enjoyed much 
 popularity as a writer for the stage. 
 
 " While it must be acknowledged that Fielding's genius was not 
 decidedly dramatic, it was something that he escaped disapproba 
 tion, though he was at times received with indifference." Koscoe's 
 Life of Fielding. 
 
 The dates of his dramatic works we take from the Biog. 
 Dramat. : 1. Love in several Masks : a Com., 1728. 2. The 
 
 591 
 
FIE 
 
 Temple Beau; a Com., 1730. 3. The Author's Farce, 1730. 
 4. The Coffee-House Politician ; a Com., 1730. 5. The Tra 
 gedy of Tragedies, 1731. 6. The Letter Writers; a Farce, 
 1731. 7. The Grub Street Opera, 1731. 8. The Lottery, 
 a Farce, 1731. 9. The Modern Husband; a Com., 1732. 
 10. The Mock Doctor ; a Com. from Moliere, 1732. 11. The 
 Covent-Garden Tragedy; a Farce, 1732. 12. The Debau 
 chees ; a Com., 1733. 13. The Miser ; a Com. from Plautus 
 and Moliere, 1733. 14. The Intriguing Chambermaid; a 
 Com., 1734. 15. Don Quixote in England; a Com., 1766. 
 16. An Old Man taught Wisdom ; a Farce, 1734. 17. The 
 Universal Gallant; a Coin., 1735. 18. Pasquin; Dram. 
 Satire, 1736. 19. The Historical Register for the Year 
 1736 ; a Com., [1737.] 20. Eurydice ; a Farce, 1735. I 
 21. Eurydice Hissed; a Farce, 1737. 22. Tumble-Down \ 
 Dick Dram. Entert., 1737. 23. Miss Lucy in Town ; a 
 Farce, 1742. 24. The Wedding Day; a Com., 1743. j 
 25. The Fathers; or the Good-Natured Man; a Com., j 
 
 1778, 8vo. 
 
 " His dramatic pieces, every one of which is comic, are far from 
 being contemptible. His farces and ballad pieces, more especially, i 
 have a sprightliness of manner, and a forcibleness of character, 
 by which it is impossible to avoid being agreeably entertained : 
 and in those among others which he has in any degree borrowed 
 from Moliere, or any other writer, he has done his original great 
 honour and justice, by the manner in which he has handled the 
 subject.'' Biog. Dramat. 
 
 In addition to the works already noticed, Fielding pub. 
 several minor pieces upon topics of a temporary character. 
 Of his works there have been many edits. 1. Works, with 
 the Life of the Author, 1762, 4 vols. 4to. 2. 1762, 8 vols. 
 8vo. 3. 1766, 12 vols. 4. 1767, 4 vols. 4to. 5. 1771, 8 
 vols. 8vo. 6. 1775, 12 vols. 12mo. 7. 1783, 12 vols. 12mo. 
 8. With an Essay on his Life and Genius, by Arthur Mur 
 phy, 1784, 10 vols. 8vo. 9. 1806, 10 vols. 8vo. 10. 1808, 
 14 vols. 12mo. 11. Select Works, 1818, 5 vols. 8vo. 
 12. Works, edited by Alex. Chalmers, Lou., 1821, 10 vols. 
 8vo. 13. With Life and Notice of his Works, by Thomas 
 Roscoe, 1840, imp. 8vo. 14. 1843, med. 8vo. 15. 1848, 
 med. 8vo. 16. 1851, imp. 8vo, and in 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 We now proceed to adduce the opinions of a host of 
 eminent authorities respecting those works his three no 
 vels by which Fielding achieved so general and so durable 
 a reputation. As a great artist, indeed, exquisitely happy 
 in catching and transferring to his canvas those features 
 of human nature which must always interest, because im 
 mediately recognised as genuine by men of all ages and 
 
 FIE 
 
 mentalism," as it is generally denominated, of the great 
 novelist of the day Samuel Richardson. 
 
 " While, however, it is highly probable that he had Cervantes in 
 bis eye, it is certain that the satiric and burlesque portion of Joseph 
 Andrews was suggested to him by the perusal of Richardson's 
 Pamela, on the overwrought refinement and strained sentiment 
 of which it affords a humorous commentary in the adventures of 
 her professed brother, the hero. Besides its intrinsic wit and ex 
 cellence it has thus a twofold attraction in the comic and bur 
 lesque spirit it maintains throughout, in the same way as the ad 
 ventures of the Spanish knight and his squire, however ludicrous 
 in themselves, are relished with a double zest from the contrast 
 they offer to the dignified bearing and marvellous deeds of the old 
 Paladins. How exquisitely Fielding has caught the humour, as 
 sumed gravity, and delicate satire of his prototype, they who have 
 compared the two master-pieces will readily admit ; and that he 
 loses nothing in point of originality." THOMAS ROSCOE: Life and 
 Works of Henry Fielding. 
 
 The elder novelist was greatly offended at what he very 
 naturally considered an unwarrantable liberty. 
 
 "Richardson was exceedingly hurt at this; the more so as they 
 1 had been on good terms, and he was very intimate with Fielding s 
 I two sisters. He never appears cordially to have forgiven it, (per- 
 haps it was not in human nature he should,) and he always speaks 
 in his letters with a great deal of asperity of 'Tom Jones,' more 
 indeed than was quite graceful in a rival author. No doubt he 
 himself thought his indignation was sorely excited by the loose 
 ; morality of the work and of its author, but he could tolerate Cib- 
 | ber." MRS. BARBAULD: Memoir of Fielding, prefixed to his Corre 
 spondence. 
 
 Mr. Thackeray appends the above to an apology for what 
 we must consider indefensible. 
 
 "Fielding, no doubt, began to write this novel in ridicule of 
 Pamela, for which work one can understand the hearty contempt 
 and antipathy which such an athletic and boisterous genius as 
 Fielding's must have entertained. He could not do otherwise than 
 laugh at the puny cockney bookseller, pouring out endless volumes 
 of sentimental twaddle, and hold him up to scorn as a moll-coddle 
 and a milksop. His genius had been nursed on sack-posset, and 
 not on dishes of tea. His muse had sung the loudest in tavern 
 choruses; had seen the daylight streaming in over thousands of 
 emptied bowls, and reeled home to chambers on the shoulders of 
 the watchmen. Richardson's goddess was attended by old maids 
 and dowagers, and fed on muffins and bohea. 'Milksop!' roars 
 Harry Fielding, clattering at the timid shop-shutters. ' V> retch . 
 Monster! Mohock!' shrieks the sentimental author of Pamela, and 
 all the ladies of his court cackle out an affrighted chorus." Eng 
 lish Humourists of the 18th Century. 
 
 Neither the wit nor the morality of these lines are very 
 discernible to us. They exhibit two of the prominent 
 faults of an otherwise good writer: a constant disposition 
 to caricature, and an ever-present willingness to apologize 
 for men of loose manners and dissipated habits. We have 
 often listened with pleasure indeed, with edification to 
 
 minds of all grades, Fielding has never been surpassed, j fkackeray's moral reflections upon the Lives and 
 How deeply then is it to be ^*^^^J^^j Works of the departed great, but we soon found that the 
 
 summing up of the learned judge leaned not always " to 
 virtue's side ;" and if the literary offender happened to be 
 
 sense of moral responsibility, he delighted chiefly in paint 
 ing the least refined, least elevated characteristics of his 
 species, and permitted himself to stimulate the passions to 
 
 a three-bottle man, we entertained no apprehensions for 
 
 -.. ; - , 
 
 the excesses of vice, instead of causing those passions to | f d felfc ite confident that a gentle rebuke 
 
 -~ .* ^ ---- * nf tn ! Thr .r never want- ' 
 
 _iove at the command of virtue" ! There are never want 
 ing apologists, indeed, for greater transgressors than Henry 
 Fielding ; and Coleridge, whose language we shall presently 
 quote, would have considered the above an uncharitable 
 verdict. But it is not to be questioned that there are many 
 passages in Joseph Andrews, Amelia, and Tom Jones, 
 which a licentious taste would gladly extend for the same 
 reasons that would induce amoral censorship to have them 
 totally expunged. But we must not delay our promised 
 citation of opinions. 
 
 Those who are inclined to think us too rigid in this judg 
 ment, should remember Fielding's own self-condemnatory 
 verdict upon his early dramatic writings : 
 
 " At length, repenting frolic flights of youth. 
 Once more he flies to Nature and to Truth: 
 In virtue's just defence aspires to fame, 
 Nor courts applause with the applauder's shame." 
 
 Prologue to The Modern Husband. 
 
 Alas, that his repentance should have been as "the 
 morning cloud and the early dew" ! 
 
 1. The Adventures of Joseph Andrews, published in 1742. 
 This work, Dr. Warton informs us, was " valued by Field 
 ing above all his writings." The Doctor adds, "as he 
 justly may." Wooll's Life of Warton. But we imagine 
 that few will coincide with this judgment. Fielding him 
 self tells us that it was intended for an imitation of the 
 style and manner of Cervantes. 
 
 " How delightfully he has copied the humour, the gravity, and 
 the fine ridicule of his master, they can witness who are acquainted 
 with both writers." ARTHUR MURPHY. 
 
 Both Chalmers and Warton dissent from this opinion, 
 and consider " Fielding's ridicule of a very different species 
 from that of the Spanish novelist." But Dr. Aikin also 
 refers to " the grave Cervantie style, adopted in the novel 
 of Joseph Andrews." However this may be, there is no 
 doubt at all that Fielding intended to ridicule the " senti- 
 
 calculated to depopulate the tables of Lucullus, 
 would be the extent of his punishment. 
 
 Even the displeasure of Richardson did not prevent 
 Joseph Andrews from immediately finding a host of read 
 ers. The faithful subjects of the great master were not 
 proof against the fascinations of good Parson Adams and 
 the unfortunate Leonora; and those who had been charmed 
 with the character of Pamela, were equally delighted with 
 the unsophisticated virtue of her worthy brother, the ex 
 cellent Joseph Andrews. We may be allowed to surmise 
 that many of Richardson's adherents, whilst indignant at 
 the ridicule cast upon their leader, yet could not but se 
 cretly propound to themselves the question which Sir Wal 
 ter Scott openly proposes : 
 
 " How can we wish that undone without which Parson Adams 
 would not have existed?" 
 
 The book became a general favourite with all classes ot 
 readers, and equally engrossed the literary half-hour of 
 the studious mechanic and the interval between the Latin 
 and Greek of the erudite gownsman. The tea-party of the 
 tradesman sympathized with the perils of the lovely Fanny, 
 and West writes to the classic Gray: 
 
 "I rejoice you found amusement in Joseph Andrews." 
 2. History of Tom Jones, a Foundling; published 1749. 
 The foundation of this work was laid by Fielding while in 
 the midst of the excitement of political partnership, and it 
 was concluded in such intervals as he could snatch from 
 the annoyances inseparable from the commencement of a 
 career of magisterial duty. Yet under such heavy discou 
 ragements did Fielding construct one of the most elaborate 
 of plots, developed by an astonishing variety of characters : 
 "No author has introduced a greater diversity of character, or 
 displayed them more fully, or in more various attitudes. All- 
 worthv is the most amiable picture in the- world of a man who 
 does honour to his species. In his own heart he finds constant 
 propensities to the most generous and benevolent of actions, an 
 
FIE 
 
 FIE 
 
 his understanding conducts him with discretion in the perform 
 ance of whatever his goodness suggests to him. And though it is 
 apparent that the author laboured at this portrait con amore, and 
 meant to offer it to mankind as a just object of imitation, he has 
 soberly restrained himself within the bounds of probability ; nay, 
 it may be said of strict truth ; as, in the general opinion, he is sup 
 posed to have copied here the features of a worthy character still 
 in being." ARTHUR MDRPHY. 
 
 The " worthy character" here alluded to was Ralph Allen, 
 of Prior Park, the " Man of Bath," the friend of Pope and 
 Warburton, celebrated in the well-known lines of the 
 former : 
 
 " Let humble Allen, with an awkward shame, 
 Do good by stealth, and blush to find it fame." 
 
 "Although in this, as well as in other writings of the author, 
 the scenes are chiefly drawn from low life, and display too much 
 of the vices and crimes of mankind, yet they are relieved by con 
 siderable admixture of nobler matter, and contain many affecting 
 pictures of moral excellence. Indeed, it cannot be doubted the 
 writer's intentions were to favour the cause of virtue ; and pro 
 bably the majority of readers, judging from their feelings in the 
 perusal, will pronounce that he has effected his purpose. A rigid 
 moralist will object to him the common fault of many writers of 
 fiction, that of sheltering gross deviations from rectitude of con 
 duct under that vague goodness of heart which is so little to be 
 relied on as the guide of life ; yet he has not been inattentive to 
 poetical justice in making misfortune the constant concomitant 
 of vice, though perhaps he has not nicely adjusted the degree of 
 punishment to the crime." DR. AIKIN. 
 
 Dr. Beattie can hardly find terms sufficiently expressive 
 to convey to the world his admiration of the management 
 of the plot of Tom Jones : 
 
 " Since the days of Homer the world has not seen a more artful 
 epic fable. The characters and adventures are wonderfully diversi 
 fied ; yet the circumstances are all so natural, and rise so easily 
 from one another, and co-operate with so much regularity in bring 
 ing on, even while they seem to retard, the catastrophe, that the 
 curiosity of the reader is always kept awake, and, instead of flag 
 ging, grows more and more impatient as the story advances, till 
 at last it becomes downright anxiety. And when we get to the 
 end, and look back on the whole contrivance, we are amazed to 
 find that of so many incidents there should be so tew superfluous; 
 that in such a variety of fiction there should be so great a proba 
 bility ; and that so complex a tale should be so perspicuously con 
 ducted, and with perfect unity of design." 
 
 With reference to Dr. Seattle's introduction of the name 
 of Homer, we may remark that Lord Byron styles Fielding 
 the "Prose Homer of human nature." 
 
 " In Tom Jones, his greatest work, the artful conduct of the 
 fable, and the subserviency of all the incidents to the winding up 
 of the whole, deserve much praise." Dr. Blair's Lectures on Rhe 
 toric and Belles-Lettres. 
 
 " Manners change from generation to generation, and with man 
 ners morals appear to change actually change with some but 
 appear to change with all but the abandoned. A young man of 
 the present day who should act as Tom Jones is supposed to act 
 at Upton with Lady Bellaston, Ac., would not be a Tom Jones; 
 and a Tom Jones of the present day, without, perhaps, being in 
 the ground a better man, would have perished rather than sub 
 mit to be kept by a harridan of fortune. Therefore this novel is, 
 and indeed pretends to be, no example of conduct. But, notwith 
 standing all this, I do loathe the cant which can recommend ' Pa 
 mela' and ' Clarissa Harlowe' as strictly moral, although they poi 
 son the imagination of the young with continual doses of tinct. 
 lytUf, while Tom Jones is prohibited as loose. I do not speak of 
 young women ; but a young man whose heart or feelings can be 
 injured, or even his passions excited, by this novel, is already tho 
 roughly corrupt. There is a cheerful, sunshiny, breezy spirit that 
 prevails everywhere, strongly contrasted with the close, day- 
 dreamy continuity of Richardson." S. T. COLERIDGE: Literary 
 Remains. 
 
 "Our popular novels are even translated into Spanish. 'Tom 
 Jones,' indeed, has long been a favourite in Spain. It may be re 
 marked, thus the mosUntensely natural works acquire the 'high 
 est reputation." HARTLEY COLERIDGE. 
 
 "As a picture of manners, the novel of 'Tom Jones' is indeed 
 exquisite; as a work of construction, quite a wonder: the by-play 
 of wisdom: the power of observation, the multiplied felicitous 
 turns and thoughts, the varied character of the great Comic Epic, 
 keep the reader in a perpetual admiration and curiosity. But 
 against Mr. Thomas Jones himself we have a right to put in a 
 protest, and quarrel with the esteem the author evidently has for 
 that character. Charles Lamb says finely of Jones, that a sinsle 
 hearty laugh from him ' clears the air 1 but that it is in a certain 
 state of the atmosphere." Thackeray's Humorists of the ISth Cen 
 tury, q. v. 
 
 " His Tom Jones is quite unrivalled in plot, and is to be rivalled 
 only in his own works for felicitous delineation of character." 
 Talfourd's Miscel. WHtinffs. 
 
 " In Tom Jones. Fielding has comprehended a larger variety of 
 incidents and characters under a stricter unity of story than in 
 Joseph Andrews ; but he has given to the whole a tone of worldli- 
 ness which does not mar the delightful simplicity of the latter. 
 As an expression of the power and breadth of his mind, however, 
 it is altogether his greatest work; and, in the union of distinct 
 pictorial representation with profound knowledge of practical 
 life, is unequalled by any novel in the language." EDWIW P 
 WHIPPLE : Essays and Reviews. 
 
 Dr. Johnson, in a conversation to be quoted hereafter 
 declared : 
 
 " Sir, there is more knowledge of the heart in one letter of Rich- 
 krdson's than in all Tom Jones." 
 
 But Fielding's admirers do not conceive this to have 
 been an impartial judgment. We may properly conclude 
 our citation of opinions of this remarkable work by the 
 eloquent tribute of a writer as highly distinguished in the 
 field of historic investigation as the author of Tom Jones 
 was in the walks of fiction : 
 
 'The nobility of the Spensers has been illustrated and enriched 
 by the trophies of Marlborough, but I exhort them to consider the 
 Faery Queen as the most precious jewel of their coronet. Our im 
 mortal Fielding was of the younger branch of the Earls of Den 
 bigh, who drew their origin from the Counts of Hapsburg, the 
 lineal descendants of Eltrico, in the seventh century, Dukes of 
 Alsace. Far different have been the fortunes of the English and 
 German divisions of the family of Hapsburg. The former, the 
 knights and sheriffs of Leicestershire, have slowly risen to the 
 dignity of a peerage ; the latter, the Emperors of Germany and 
 Kings of Spain, have threatened the liberty of the Old and in 
 vaded the treasures of the New World. The successors of Charles 
 V. may disdain their brethren of England ; but the romance of 
 ' Tom Jones,' that exquisite picture of human manners, will out 
 live the palace of the Escurial and the imperial eagle of Austria." 
 GIBBON. 
 
 3. Amelia; published in 1751. 
 
 "In point of general excellence 'Amelia' has commonly been 
 considered, no less by critics, perhaps, than by the public, as deci 
 dedly inferior to ' Tom Jones.' In variety and invention it assu 
 redly is so. Its chief merit depends less on its artful and elabo 
 rate construction than on the interesting series it presents of 
 domestic paintings, drawn, as we have remarked, from his own 
 family history. It has more pathos, more moral lessons, with far 
 less vigour and humour, than either of its predecessors. But we 
 agree with Chalmers, that those who have seen much of the errors 
 and distresses of domestic life will probably feel that the author's 
 colouring in this work is more just, as well as more chaste, than 
 in any of his other novels. The appeals to the heart are far more 
 forcible." THOMAS ROSCOE : Life and Works of Henry Fielding. 
 
 With reference to Fielding's having drawn from his do 
 mestic history, in the pages of Amelia, his celebrated kins 
 woman, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, thus discourses in 
 a letter written shortly before the death of the novelist: 
 
 " H. Fielding has given a true picture of himself and his first 
 wife in the characters of Mr. and Mrs. Sooth, some compliments to 
 his own figure excepted ; and I am persuaded several of the inci 
 dents he mentions are real matters of fact. I wonder he does not 
 perceive that Tom Jones and Mr. Booth are sorry scoundrels." 
 Letters and Works, edited by Lord Wharncliffe. 
 
 Lady Mary's remark relative to his figure may appro 
 priately introduce a brief description of his outward man : 
 
 " With regard to his personal appearance. Fielding was strongly 
 built, robust, and in height rather exceeding six feet. He was 
 also remarkably active, till repeated attacks of the gout had broken 
 down the vigour of a fine constitution. Naturally of a dignified 
 presence, he was equally impressive in his tone and manner, 
 which, added to his peculiarly marked features, his conversational 
 powers, and rare wit, must have given him a decided influence in 
 general society, and not a little ascendency over the minds of com 
 mon men." THOMAS ROSCOE : Life and Works of Henry Fielding. 
 
 To return to " Amelia :"Richardson flattered himself that 
 this last publication would prove the death-knell of his 
 rival's fame ; and he remarks, in a letter to his own enthu 
 siastic admirer, Mrs. Donellan : 
 
 " Captain Booth, madam, has done his business. Mr. Fielding 
 has over-written himself, or rather under-written, and, in his own 
 journal, seems ashamed of his last piece, and has promised that 
 the same muse shall write no more for him. His piece, in short, 
 is as dead as if it had been published forty years ago, as to sale. 
 You guess I have not read 'Amelia ?' Indeed I have read but the 
 first volume." 
 
 Yet Amelia met with immediate and great success : 
 
 " Fielding's Amelia was perhaps the only book of which, being 
 printed off betimes one morning, a new edition was called for 
 before night." DR. JOHNSON. 
 
 We know that the stern moralist himself read the book 
 through without stopping, and 
 
 "Johnson appears to have been particularly pleased with the 
 character of the heroine of this novel, and said Fielding's Amelia 
 was the most pleasing heroine of all the romances." MALONE. 
 
 "I admire the author of 'Amelia,' and thank the kind master 
 who introduced me to that sweet and delightful companion and 
 friend. Amelia, perhaps, is not a better story than 'Tom Jones,' 
 but it has the better ethics: the prodigal repents, at least, before 
 forgiveness; whereas, that odious, broad-backed Mr. Jones carries 
 off his beauty with scarce an interval of remorse for his manifold 
 errors and short-comings, and is not half punished enough before 
 the great prize of fortune and love falls to his share. I am angry 
 with Jones. Too much of the plum-cake and rewards of life fall 
 to that boisterous, swaggering young scapegrace. Sophia actually 
 surrenders without a proper sense of decorum the fond, foolish, 
 palpitating little creature ! ' Indeed, Mr. Jones,' she says, ' it rests 
 with you to appoint the day.' I suppose Sophia is draw'n from the 
 life, as well as Amelia: and many a young fellow, no better than 
 Mr. Thomas Jones, has carried, by a coup de main, the heart of 
 many a kind girl who was a great deal too good for him." Thacke 
 ray's English Humorists of the 18th Century. 
 
 "Of all his novels, it leaves the finest impression of quiet, do 
 mestic delight, of the sweet home feeling, and the humanities con 
 nected with it. We have not the glad spring or the glowing sum 
 mer of his genius, but its autumnal mellowness and mitigated 
 sunshine, with something of the thoughtfulness befitting the sea 
 son." EDWIN P. WHIPPLE : Essays and Reviews. 
 
 We conclude our article, which we know not well how 
 
 593 
 
FIE 
 
 FIE 
 
 u t Tetir, ! think the CEdipus Tyrannus, the Alchemist, and Tom Jones, the 
 to shorten, by quoting the opinions of a number of distin- * tne p y^ ^, ed; and hw charmin ^ now 
 
 guished writers upon the literary characteristics of the 
 great English novelist: 
 
 We have another writer of those imaginary histories, one who 
 has not long since descended to these regions. His name is * leld- 
 jng, and his works, as I have heard the best judges say, have a 
 or,;-?* nf ^nmoAv nrt an pvact rpnresentation ot nature, witn 
 
 true spirit of comedy, and an exact represent 
 fine moral touches. He has not, indeed, given lessons of pure 
 and consummate virtue, but has exposed vice and meanness 
 with all the powers of ridicule." LOED LYTTELTON: Dwtogws of 
 
 Lord Lyttelton, after mentioning some particulars of 
 Pope, Swift, and other literary characters of that day, when 
 Fielding's name was pronounced, remarked : 
 
 " Henry Fielding had more wit and humour than all the per 
 sons we have been speaking of put together." 
 
 Fielding's early attempts at dramatic authorship were 
 greatly ridiculed by the wits then in the ascendant; and 
 Swift compares the young author, not in the most compli 
 mentary manner in the world, with Wellsted no "bright 
 particular star:" 
 
 " For instance, when you rashly think 
 No rhymer can with Wellsted sink, 
 His merits balanc'd, you shall find 
 That Fielding leaves him far behind." 
 Upon which Dr. Warton remarks : 
 
 " Little did Swift imagine that this very Fielding would here 
 after equal him in works of humour, and excel him in drawing 
 and supporting characters, ancfin the artful conduct and plan of 
 a comic epopee." 
 
 Few critics have been so sparing of their compliments 
 to contemporary writers as the great authority to be next 
 quoted : 
 
 "Monsieur de Marivaux, in France, and Henry Fielding, in 
 England, stand the foremost among those who have given a faith 
 ful and chaste copy of life and manners, and. by enriching their 
 romance with the best part of the comic art, may be said to have 
 brought it to perfection." BISHOP WARBURTOX. 
 
 " The genius of Cervantes was transfused into the novels of 
 Fielding, who painted the characters and ridiculed the follies of 
 life with equal strength, humour, and propriety." SMOLLETT. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott, whom we shall again have occasion to 
 quote, thus combines the names of Fielding and Smollett: 
 " Smollett and Fielding were so eminently successful as novel 
 ists, that no other English author of that class has a right to be 
 mentioned in the same breath. We readily grant to Smollett an 
 equal rank with his great rival, Fielding while we place both far 
 above any of their successors in the same line of fictitious compo 
 sition. Perhaps no books ever written excited such peals of in 
 extinguishable laughter as those of Smollett." 
 
 "I go to Sterne for the feelings of nature; Fielding for its vices; 
 Johnson for a knowledge of the workings of its powers ; and Shaks- 
 peare for every thing." ABERNETHY. 
 
 " The cultivated genius of Fielding entitles him to a high rank 
 among the classics. His works exhibit a series of pictures drawn 
 with all the descriptive fidelity of a Hogarth. They are highly 
 entertaining, and will always be read with pleasure." Dr. Vicesi- 
 tnus Knox's Essays. 
 
 " Mr. Fielding's Novels are highly distinguished for their hu 
 mour; a humour which, if not of the most refined and delicate 
 
 ,holesome Fielding always is! to take him up after Richardson is 
 ike emerging from a sick-rooin, heated by stoves, into an open lawn 
 on a breezy day in May." S. T. COLERIDGE. 
 
 Hartley Coleridge, when speaking of Massinger's habit of 
 getting into a passion with his bad characters," remarks: 
 It is a fault which nowhere occurs in Homer, Cervantes, Shak- 
 
 speare, the great and true dramatists, and very seldom in Fielding 
 and Sir Walter Scott." 
 
 But it is time that we had quoted the tribute of Sir Walter 
 to the illustrious predecessor with whom he has just been 
 named : 
 
 " Fielding is the first of the British Novelists. His name is im 
 mortal as a painter of natural manners. Of all the works of ima 
 gination to which English genius has given origin, his writing* 
 are most decidedly her own; all the actors in his narrative live in 
 England, travel in England, quarrel and fight in England; and 
 scarce an incident occurs, without its being marked by something 
 which could not well have happened in any other country. In his 
 powers of strong and natural humour, and forcible yet natural ex 
 hibition of character, the Father of the English Novel has not yet 
 been approached even by his most successful followers. He is, 
 indeed, as Byron terms him 
 
 ' The prose Homer of human nature.' " 
 
 It is no slight evidence of the great popularity of Field 
 ing, that in so many cases the incidental introduction of 
 an author's name gives us occasion to quote the opinion of 
 such author upon the merits of the subject of our pen. We 
 find Smollett and Fielding compared, and we are reminded 
 that Smollett left us his estimate of the genius of Fielding. 
 Again we find that Swift has made Fielding the "butt of 
 his clumsy ridicule," and we must repeat what Dr. Warton 
 says of both. The names of Scott and Fielding are com 
 bined, and we recollect Sir Walter's eloquent tribute to his 
 great predecessor. Scott quotes Byron, and we feel that 
 our duty will not be discharged without quoting Byron 
 further on the same suggestive theme : 
 
 " There now are no Squire Westerns as of old, 
 And our Sophias are not so emphatic, 
 But fair as them or fairer to behold." 
 
 Don Juan, c. xiii. s. 110. 
 
 A critic of our own day, of great eminence, seems to 
 have shared in Byron's feeling of familiar acquaintance 
 with the dramatis personce of these memorable novels : 
 
 " What a wonderful art, what an admirable gift of nature, was 
 it by which the author of these tales was endowed, and which en 
 abled him to fix our interest, to waken our sympathy, to seize upon 
 our credulity, so that we believe in his people speculate gravely 
 upon their faults or their excellencies, prefer this one or that, de 
 plore Jones's fondness for drink and play, Booth's fondness for 
 play and drink, and the unfortunate position of the wives of both 
 gentlemen; we all admire those ladies with all our hearts, and 
 talk about them as faithfully as if we had breakfasted with them 
 this morning in their actual drawing-room, or should meet them 
 this afternoon in the Park !" Thackeray's Eng. Hum. of the IStfi 
 
 The reader must peruse for himself the Essay on the Life 
 and Works of Fielding, prefixed to the Works of the latter, 
 
 by THOMAS RoscOE , ~ an,e, notice of editions. We can 
 
 he draws are lively and natural, and marked with the strokes of a I make room for a short extract only from this well-written 
 bold pencil. The general scope of his stories is favourable to hu- com p O sition : 
 
 inanity and goodness of heart." DR. BLAIR: Lectures on Rhetoric How far Richardson was inferior to his great rival in the lead- 
 end Belles-Lettres. \ \ nK characteristics of novel-writing, and in none more than in 
 
 " They are splendid emanations of art, and artistical, as the critic I natura i an( j true portraiture of character and manners, the differ- 
 Ooethe correctly expresses it, in the true sense of the word." ent popu i ar n g ht in which they are regarded affords, perhaps, the 
 
 " ountr and will ' o- 
 
 Fielding will forever remain the delight of his country, and will 
 
 gure g t criterion. While Fielding continues to rank with the ' fore- 
 most men of all tne world,' with Homer, Cervantes, Shakspeare, 
 
 always retain his place in the libraries of Europe, notwithstanding 
 
 the unfortunate grossness, the mark of an uncultivated taste, j j n ^ highest rank of genius, the long, wearisome, thrice-elabo- 
 
 which if not yet entirely excluded from conversation, has been for j rated produc tions of Richardson are a dead weight, and sleep un- 
 
 some time banished from our writings, where, during the best age ; d i s t ur bed upon their shelves. Only for a moment contrast the 
 
 iany re ^J> & fund of ^ humourj and was ^ ^ pit je d | We find a similar judgment expressed by a late eminent 
 
 " When we read Fielding's novels after those of Richardson, we 
 feel as if a stupendous pressure were removed from our souls. We 
 seem suddenly to have left a palace of enchantment, where we 
 
 at his first entrance into the world, having no choice, as he said 
 himself, but to be a hackney-writer, or a hackney-coachman. His 
 genius deserved a better fate; but I cannot help blaming that con 
 tinued indiscretion, to give it the softest name, that has run through 
 
 vinuea indiscretion, togiveii inesoiresi name, iimiuiw n-uugu seem suddenly to have lelt a palace 01 encnammeui, wue 
 
 his life, and I am afraid still remains. . . . Since I was born, no | ^ &ve passed through long galleries filled with the most gorgeous 
 original has appeared excepting Congreve and Fielding, who would, i j maKe g an d illumined by a light not quite human nor yet quite 
 I believe, have approached nearer to his excellencies, if not forced d j vi n e j n t o the fresh air, and the common ways of this 'bright 
 
 and breathing world.' We travel on the high-road of humanity, 
 yet meet in it pleasanter companions, and catch more delicious 
 snatches of refreshment, than ever we can hope elsewhere to enjoy. 
 TALFOURD : New Month. Mag. 
 
 We can form some faint idea of the growl of indignation, 
 and the torrent of invective, with which gruff old Johnson 
 
 by his necessities to publish without correction, and throw many 
 productions into the world he would have thrown to the fire, if 
 meat could have been got without money, or money without scrib 
 bling. . . . There was a great similitude between his [Fielding's] 
 character and that of Sir Richard Steele. He had the advantage 
 both in learning and, in my opinion, in genius; they both agreed 
 
 in wanting money, in spite of all their friends, arid would have , r i, 
 
 wanted it if their hereditary lands had been as extensive as their would have chastised the utterers of such comparisons as 
 imagination; yet each of them was so formed for happiness, it is we have just quoted. And, indeed, as Fielding has had it 
 pity he was not immortal. . . . His [Fielding's] happy constitution j 11 h ; g own wfty f or some time, it is only fair, and will be 
 
 tlished it) made him j 
 tv or over a ! 
 
 P1 " iTSways appeared to me that he estimated the compositions 
 of Richardson too highly, and that he had an unreasonable preju 
 dice against Fielding. In comparing those two writers, be used 
 this expression : ' that there was as great a difference between them, 
 
 rS%t^tS^2i^S 1 l j perhaps agreeable relief to the reader, to show "the other 
 flask of champagne; and I am persuaded he knew more happy 
 moments than any prince upon earth. His natural spirits gave 
 him rapture with a cookmaid, and cheerfulness when he was starv 
 ing in a garret." LADY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGXJ. 
 " What a master of composition Fielding was ! upon my word I 
 
 594 
 
FIE 
 
 FIL 
 
 as between a man who knew how a watch was made, and a man 
 who could tell the hour by looking on the dial-plate.' This was a 
 short and figurative statement of his distinction between drawing 
 characters of nature and characters only of manners. . . . Field 
 ing being mentioned, Johnson exclaimed, 'He was a blockhead;' 
 and upon my expressing my astonishment at so strange an asser 
 tion, he said, ' What I mean by his being a blockhead is, that he 
 was a barren rascal.' BOSWELL : ' Will you not allow, sir, that he 
 draws very natural pictures of human life ?' JOHNSON : ' Why, sir, 
 it is of very low life. Richardson used to say that, had he not 
 known who Fielding was, he should have believed he was an ostler. 
 Sir, there is more knowledge of the heart in one letter of Richard- 
 eon's, than in all Tom Jones. I, indeed, never read Joseph An- j 
 drews.' ERSKINE : ' Surely, sir, Richardson is very tedious.' JOHN- 
 BON : ' Why, sir, if you were to read Richardson for the story, your 
 impatience would be so much fretted that you would hang your 
 self. But you must read him for the sentiment, and consider the 
 story as only giving occasion to the sentiment.' ''BoswelVs Life 
 of Johnson. 
 
 An eminent authority of modern times thus satisfac 
 torily accounts for the early popularity of Richardson in 
 Germany : 
 
 " Fielding conceived life as it was, with great strength and dis 
 tinctness, and brought out into clear light those contrasts which 
 are indeed now well enough known, but which were then remarked 
 by none, because England was regarded as a paradise a Utopia. 
 lie showed with such power the difference between appearance and 
 truth between a nattering clergy and true religion, that the lovers 
 of sentimentality and the multitude, who are always willing to 
 have their eyes bound that they may dream pleasantly, were in 
 some measure driven from himself to his countryman Richardson, 
 the discoverer of a conventional morality. We cannot therefore 
 wonder that Fielding, who died in 1754, found a public in Germany 
 much later than Richardson, whose moralizing and sentimental 
 heroes and heroines had already become the fashion by means of 
 Rousseau, at the same time with the idyllic dreams of Gessner. 
 We must possess good practical sense and a knowledge of pure old 
 English life, and of the abuses of its hierarchy and clergy, to un 
 derstand Fielding, to estimate a Joseph Andrews and a Tom Jones, 
 and to find pleasure in them; whereas we have only need of in 
 definite general notions and sensibility, to admire Richardson's 
 Pamela, and his Sir Charles Grandison." Scfdosser's Hist, of the 
 18th Cent., <c. ; Davidson's Trans., ii. 59, 60. 
 
 Fielding, James Holyrod. Beauchamp; or the 
 Wheel of Fortune, 1818, 4 vols. 
 
 Fielding, Sir John, d. 1780, half-brother to Henry 
 Fielding, the great novelist, and his successor in his ma 
 gisterial duties, was distinguished for his public spirit and 
 efforts fo r the reformation of the vicious. In consideration 
 of his valuable services to the community, he was knighted 
 in 1761. 1. Police Act, with a plan rel. to Girls of the 
 Town, Lon., 1757, '68, 8vo. 2. Plan of an Asylum, or 
 Home of Refuge for Orphans and other deserted Girls, 
 1758, 8vo. 3. Extracts from Penal Laws, <fec., 1761, '69, 
 8vo. 4. Universal Mentor, a collec. of Moral and Misc. 
 Essays, 1762, 12mo. 5. Charge to the Grand Jury, 1763, 
 4to. 6. Do., 1766, 4to. 7. Descrip. of London and West 
 minster, 1777, 12mo. 
 
 Fielding, John. 1. Peerage of Eng., Lon., 1781, 
 12mo. 2. New Peerage of do., 1784, 12mo. 3. H. Coach 
 Rates, 1786, 12mo. 4. Regal Tables, 12mo. 
 
 Fielding, Robert. Surg. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1709. 
 
 Fielding, Sarah, 1714-1768, third sister of the great 
 novelist, lived and died unmarried, at Bath. She was a 
 woman of great learning. 1. The Adventures of David 
 Simple in search of a Faithful Friend, 2 vols. 12mo. Pub. 
 shortly after the appearance of her brother Henry's Joseph 
 Andrews. A third vol. was added in 1752. New ed., 1756, 
 2 vols. 8vo. This novel was well received. 2. The Cry; 
 a Dramatic Fable, 1754, 3 vols. 12mo. This has also been 
 claimed as the production of Patty Fielding and Miss Jane 
 Collier. See Mrs. Barbauld's Life of Richardson; Biog. 
 Dramat., vols. i. and ii. 3. Xenophon's Memoirs of Socra 
 tes; Defence of Socrates before his Judges, 1762, 8vo. 
 Mr. Harris of Salisbury furnished some valuable notes to 
 this excellent translation. 
 
 "Done with equal judgment and accuracy." CLARKE. 
 
 4. Familiar Letters between the characters in David 
 Simple, 2 vols. 5. The Governess, or Little Female Aca 
 demy. 6. The Lives of Cleopatra and Octavia. 7. The 
 Hist, of the Countess of Delwin, 2 vols. 8. The Hist, of 
 Ophelia, 2 vols. 
 
 " Her unaffected manners, candid mind, 
 Her heart benevolent, and soul resign'd; 
 Were more her praise than all she knew or thought, 
 Though Athen's wisdom to her sex she taught." 
 
 Inscription by Dr. John Hoadly on the Monument 
 erected by him, to her memory. 
 
 Fielding, T. Select Proverbs of all Nations. New 
 ed., Lon., 1847, 18mo. See RAY, JOHN. 
 
 Fielding, T. H., of the E. I. Comp. Milt. Coll., Ad- 
 discombe. 1. Painting in Oil and Water Colours, Lon., 
 1839, imp. 8vo; 4th ed., 1846. 
 
 " Mr. Fielding's work may be honoured in France as M. Meiimee's 
 has been in England by a translation; we think it a better one, 
 and therefore more deserving of it." Lon. Parthenon. 
 
 2. Hist, of the Art of Engraving, Lon., 1840, r. 8vo. New 
 ed., 1848. 3. Picturesque Descrip. of the River Wye, 1841, 
 4to. 4. Synopsis of Practical Perspective, 3d ed., 1843, 
 8vo. 5. Manual of Colours, 1844, fp. 8vo. 6. On the Know 
 ledge and Restoration of Oil Paintings, 1847, 12mo. 
 
 Fields, James T., b. 1820, at Portsmouth,New Hamp 
 shire, a partner of the well-known Boston publishing house 
 of Ticknor and Fields, has won considerable reputation as 
 a poet. A volume of his poetical compositions was pub. 
 in Boston in 1849, and one for private distribution was 
 printed at Cambridge in 1854. In 1858 he also privately 
 printed a beautiful volume entitled A Few Verses for a 
 Few Friends. 
 
 " This book itself, apart from its contents, is a poem. In paper, 
 type, edging, and ornament in all the variable details of me 
 chanical execution it vindicates its title to be termed a work of 
 high art. The poems it contains are gems well worthy the setting, 
 pure thought, genial feeling, tender remembrance, and lambent 
 fancy, in natural measures and easy rhythm, such poems as 
 always win a higher fame than they seek and are best appreciated 
 by those whose verdict is of the most significant import." 
 JV". Amer. Rev., clxxx., July, 1858. 
 
 Among his principal pieces are Commerce, read before 
 the Boston Mercantile Association on its anniversary in 
 1838, and The Post of Honour, read before the same so 
 ciety in 1848. The reading-world is indebted to Mr. Fields 
 for a complete edition of De Quincey's writings, which he 
 collected, edited, and published in 20 vols. 16mo, Bost., 
 1858. See DE QUINCEY, THOMAS. Specimens of Mr. 
 Fields's style will be found in Griswold's Poets and Poetry 
 of America, and Duyckincks' Cyc. Amer. Lit. 
 
 " Besides his serious poems, he has produced some very original 
 mirthful pieces, in which are adroit touches of wit, felicitous hits 
 at current follies, and instances of quaint humour, laughing through 
 prim and decorous lines, which evince a genius for vers de socilte. 
 The poems Mr. Fields has given us are evidently the careless pro- 
 duets of a singularly sensitive and fertile mind indications rather 
 than exponents of its powers furnishing evidence of a capacity 
 which it is to be hoped the engagements of business will not wholly 
 absorb." Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America. 
 
 " Mr. Fields's visit was necessarily brief; but that short interview 
 has laid the foundation of a friendship which will, I think, last as 
 long as my frail life, and of which the benefit is all on my side. 
 He sends me charming letters, verses which are fast ripening into 
 true poetry, excellent books; and this autumn he brought back 
 himself, and came to pay me a visit; and he must come again, for, 
 of all the kindnesses with which he loads me, I like his company 
 the best.'V-MissMiTFORD,in her Literary RecollecUom. 
 
 Fiennes, Nathaniel, 1608-1669, second son of Lord 
 Say and Sele, educated at Oxford, and Lord Privy Seal 
 under Oliver Cromwell, pub. several speeches and political 
 pamphlets, 1640-64. Monarchy the best Gov't, 1660. 
 
 " Tho' before he had shew'd himself an antimonarchist, yet then, 
 when he saw what Oliver aimed at [he] became a lover of kingship 
 and monarchy, purposely to gain honour and riches for the esta 
 blishing a iamily which he and the rest of the godly party aimed 
 at." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Not all, Anthony ; be a little more charitable. Fiennes 
 was for some time colonel of horse under the Earl of Essex. 
 
 " If he had not incumbered himself with command in the army, 
 to which men thought his nature not so well disposed, he had been 
 second to none in those councils after Mr. Hampden's death." 
 LORD CLARENDON. 
 
 Walker ascribes to Fiennes a historical tract called An- 
 glia Rediviva, pub. under the name of Sprigge. 
 
 Fiennes, William, Lord Say and Sele, 1582-1662, 
 father of the preceding, educated at Oxford, was "very 
 active" with Hampden and Pym, yet was made Lord Privy 
 Seal and Lord Chamberlain at the Restoration. He wrote 
 spme political tracts, and some treatises against the Qua 
 kers. The Scots Design Discovered, 1653, 4to, has been 
 ascribed both to him and his son Nathaniel. Wood speaks 
 of the honours bestowed upon him by Charles II. with 
 great indignation : 
 
 " While others that suffered in estate and body, and had been 
 reduced to a bit of bread for his maj. cause, had then little or no 
 thing given to relieve them; for which they were to thank a hun 
 gry and great officer, JLord Clarendon. COLE,] who, to fill his own 
 coffers, was the occasion of the ruin of many. Athen. Oxon. 
 
 " He was a person of great parts, wisdom, and integrity." 
 WHITELOCKE. 
 
 " A man of a close and reserved nature, of great parts, and of 
 the highest ambition." LORD CLARENDON. See Athen. Oxon.; 
 Park's R. and N. Authors. 
 
 Fierburtns, Nic. See FITZHERBERT. 
 
 Fife, Lord. A Catalogue of Lord Fife's Coins and 
 Medals, 1796, 4to. 
 
 Figges, James. The Excise Officer's Vade Mecum, 
 Lon., 1781, 12mo. 
 
 Filding, Ford. Trans, of Dan Toussaius's Exercise 
 of the Faithful Soule, Ac., Lon., 1683, 8vo. 
 
 Filewood, F. R. Argts. and Proofs of the Excellency 
 of the Liturgy of the Ch. of Eng., Lon., 1792, 12mo. 
 
 Filgate,Fitzherbert.ThoroughDraining,1848,i8mo. 
 
 " The author writes very soundly and practically." Donaldson's 
 AgricuU. Biog. 
 
FIL 
 
 FIN 
 
 Filipowski, H. E. A Table of Afcti-Logarithms, 2d 
 ed., Lon., 1851, 8vo. 
 
 " All that could be wished in extent, in structure, and in typo 
 graphy. For its extent it is unique among modern tables." PROF. 
 Auo. DE MORGAN. 
 
 Filkes, John. Serm., Lon., 1713, 8vo; do., 1714, 8vo. 
 Filkes, John. Serm., Ac., 1802, '04, 8vo. 
 Fills, Robert. Theolog. treatises and devotional 
 works, trans, from the French, Lon., 1562-90, Ac. 
 Filmer, Edward. French Court Ayres, 1629. 
 Filmer, Edward, D.C.L., educated at All-Souls' Col 
 lege, Oxf., disgraced himself by defending the English 
 stage against Jeremy Collier, in A Defence of Plays, Lon., 
 1707, 8vo. He also pub. The Unnatural Brother, a Trag., 
 Lon., 1697, 4to. 
 
 " It bears strong testimony to the understanding and abilities 
 of the author." Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Filmer, Sir Robert, d. 1647, a native of Kent, father 
 of the preceding, educated at Trin. Coll., Camb., wrote a 
 number of political treatises in favour of arbitrary power 
 in the monarch, among which are, 1. The Anarchy of a 
 Mixed and Limited Monarchy, 1646, '48, '79. 2. Neces 
 sity of the absolute Power of all Kings, and in particular 
 of the King of England, 1648, '80. 3. Original of Gov't; 
 against Milton, Hobbes, Grotius, Hutton, Ac., 1652, 4to. 
 4. Questio Quodlibetica j or, a Discourse whether it may be 
 lawful to take use for Money, 1653, '78, 8vo. 5. Free 
 holder's Grand Inquest, touching the King and his ParL; 
 written by Sir Kichard Hobhouse, 1679, 8vo. 6. Patri- 
 archia; or, The Natural Power of the Kings of England 
 asserted, 
 
 " In which he endeavours to prove, that all government was mon 
 archical at first, and that all legal titles to govern are originally 
 derived from the hands of families, or from such upon whom their 
 right was transferred, either by concession or failure of the line. 
 
 "His arguments are singularly insufficient; he quotes nothing 
 but a few irrelevant texts from Genesis ; he seems not to have 
 known at all the strength, whatever it may be, of his own case, 
 and it is hardly possible to find a more trifling and feeble work. 
 It had however the advantage of opportunity to be received by a 
 party with approbation." Hallam's Introduc. to Lit. of Europe. 
 
 This work has elicited able confutations, the best known 
 of which will be found in Locke's Treatises on Civil Go 
 vernment. 7. Political Discourses, 1680, 8ro. 8. Defence 
 against Algernon Sidney's Paper. 
 
 " Sir Robert Filmer of Kent was intimately acquainted with 
 Camden, who told him he was not suffered to print many things 
 in his Elizabeth, which he sent over to his Correspondent Thuanus, 
 who printed it all faithfully in his annals without altering a word." 
 Fillmore, Augustus D., b. 1823, in Ohio. 1. Uni 
 versal Musician. 2. Christian Psalmist. 3. Tree of Tem 
 perance and its Fruits, Ac. 
 
 Filson, John. Topog. Description of the West. Terri 
 tory of N. America, 1793, 8vo. In association with George 
 Imlay. 2. The Discovery, Settlement, and present State 
 of Kentucke, Wilmington, 1784, 8vo; Lon., 1793, 8vo. In 
 French, Paris, 1785. 
 
 " This account bears every mark of authenticity. It was drawn 
 up from personal notice or immediate information, and is attested 
 by the signatures of three respectable inhabitants of the country. 
 The author is a believer in the settlement of a Welsh colony in 
 this country by Madoc, in 1170." Mich's Bibl. Amer. Nova. 
 
 Finch, Anne, d. 1720, Countess of Winchelsea, was 
 the daughter of Sir William Kingsmill, of Sidmonton, 
 Southampton, and wife of Heneage, Earl of Winchelsea. 
 Miscellaneous Poems, on several occasions, Lon., 1731, 8vo. 
 Among the pieces is a tragedy called Aristomines. Her 
 best-known poem is The Atheist and the Acorn. Pope ad 
 dressed some verses to her, which elicited an "elegant re 
 plication," printed in Gibber's Lives, and prefixed to an old 
 edit, of his works. Her poem upon the Spleen, pub. in 
 Gildon's Miscellany, 1701, 8vo, was, with several other of 
 her pieces, inserted by Dr. Birch in the General Biographi 
 cal Dictionary, by permission of the Countess of Hertford, 
 who owned the originals. 
 
 " It is remarkable that, excepting a passage or two in the Wind 
 sor Forest of Pope, and some delightful pictures in the poems of 
 Lady Winchelsea, the poetry of the period intervening between 
 the publication of the Paradise Lost and the Seasons does no 
 contain a single new image of external nature." WORDSWORTH. 
 
 The extravagance of this assertion appears to us to be 
 manifest. Had Mr. Wordsworth perused and remembered 
 all the poetry between Paradise Lost and The Seasons? 
 Finch, B. Sonnets and other Poems, 1805, 8vo. 
 Finch, Charles, Earl of Nottingham. His Roya 
 Entertainment when Ambassador to the King of Spain 
 1605, 4to. 
 
 Finch, Daniel, second Earl of Nottingham, 1647- 
 1729-30, was educated at Christ Church, Oxf., filled severa 
 important political posts. 1. Answer to Whiston's Lettei 
 to him concerning the Eternity of the Son of God and o] 
 the Holy Ghost, Lon., 1721, 8vo; 3 edits, in the same year 
 696 
 
 ?or this work he was thanked by the University of Oxford. 
 2. Letter to Dr. Waterland, printed at the end of Dr. New- 
 on's Treatise on Pluralities. Observations upon the State 
 f the Nation in January, 1712-13, has been ascribed to 
 him. Horace Walpole states that he was assured it was 
 not his composition. 
 
 Finch, Edward, Vicar of Christ's Church, London, 
 Brother of Sir Heneage Finch, first Earl of Nottingham, 
 was ejected from his parish by the parliamentary inquisi 
 tors. Answer to the Articles preferred against him, 1641, 
 4to. The charges exhibited against him were pub. in the 
 same year, 4to. 
 
 Finch, George. Sketch of the Romish Controversy, 
 Lon., 1831-36, 2 vols. 8vo. Reprinted, 1850, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 "A valuable collection of documents extracted from various 
 sources." Bicker stfth's C. S. 
 
 Finch, Heneage, first Earl of Nottingham, 1621- 
 1682, was a native of Kent, and educated at Oxford; At 
 torney-General, 1670; Lord Keeper about 1673; LordHigh- 
 Chancellor, 1675. A number of his parliamentary and 
 judicial speeches were pub., 1660-1791. He left Chancery 
 Reports, MS. in folio, and notes on Coke's Institutes. He 
 is highly commended by Bishop Buruet. 
 
 '" He was a person of the greatest abilities and most uncorrupted 
 integrity ; a thorough master and zealous defender of the laws and 
 constitution of his couutry." SIR WM. BLACKSTONE. 
 
 See Athen. Oxon.; Collins's Peerage; Park's Walpole's 
 R. and N. Authors. 
 
 Finch, Heneage, second Earl of Winchelsea, d. 1689, 
 was English ambassador to Turkey. 1. Narrative of the 
 success of his Embassy to Turkey, Lon., 1661. 2. A Re 
 lation of the late prodigious Earthquake and Eruption of 
 Mount Etna, 1669, fol. This eruption was witnessed by 
 his lordship on his return from Constantinople. 
 
 Finch, Sir Henry, d. 1625, of the same family as the 
 Lord Chancellor, was educated at Oxford, and became an 
 eminent lawyer. 1. Nomotechnia; cest i Scavoir, un De 
 scription del Commun Leys d'Angleterre, Ac., Lon., 1613, 
 fol. Trans, by the author into English under the title Of 
 Law, or a Discourse thereof, 1627, '36, '61, '78, 8vo. New 
 ed., with Notes and References by Dunby Pickering, 1759, 
 8vo. Another trans., anon., 1759, 8vo. Finch's Law was 
 the principal guide of law students until the publication of 
 Blackstone's Commentaries. The best portions of Finch 
 are incorporated into the latter work. 
 
 " Before we attempt the perusal of our ancient law writers, it 
 will be highly convenient to have a general idea of the common 
 law itself, the chief subject of all their tracts, and this perhaps 
 cannot be had more readily than from that methodical system 
 which is well known by the name of Finch's Law. ... It is still 
 in good credit and repute. Out of it is extracted, or stolen, an 
 other small treatise, which is called Summary of the Common Law 
 of England." Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib., 179. 
 
 The Summary noticed by the bishop was pub. in 1654, 
 12mo. 2. On the Calling of the Jews. 
 Finch, Hon. Henry, Dean of York. Serm., 1712, 4to. 
 Finch, John. 1. Travels in the U. States and Canada, 
 Lon., 8vo. 
 
 "Mr. F.'s observations are marked by good sense, impartiality, 
 and good feeling." Lon. Monthly Rev. 
 
 2. The Natural Boundaries of Empire, 1844, fp. 8vo. 
 " We can strongly recommend the work, both for its usefulness, 
 and the exact and deep research of its most intelligent author." 
 Bell's Messenger. 
 
 Finch, John Lord. Letters, Ac., 1640-41. 
 Finch, Martin. 1. Animad. upon Sir Henry Vane's 
 Retired Man's Meditations, Lon., 1656, 12mo. 2. Answer 
 to Mr. Thomas Grantham's Dialogue between the Baptist 
 and the Presbyt., 1691, 8vo. 
 
 Finch, R. Tracts containing a Defence of the Doc 
 trines of Regeneration. Advice to Y. Clergymen. Thoughts 
 on the Sovereignty of God, Ac., 1793, 8vo. 
 
 "They are really valuable tracts, though some of them are ex 
 pressed occasionally in too much severity of language. In this 
 their collected form, with real name of the author prefixed, I never 
 saw another copy." MS. Note by Rev. P. Hall. 
 
 We presume this R. Finch to be Robert Poole Finch, 
 D.D., but may be mistaken. 
 
 Finch, Richard. 1. War, Netting., 1747. 2. Exam, 
 of Cudworth's Thoughts on Election, Ac., Lon., 1755. 
 
 Finch, Robert, 1783-1830, an antiquary, collected 
 a valuable library and collection of antiquities, pictures, 
 Ac., which he bequeathed to the Ashmolean Museum at 
 Oxford. The Crown of Pure Gold, and Protestantism our 
 surest Bulwark; two Serms., 1809. 
 
 Finch, Robert Poole, D.D. Occasional Serms., 
 1746-1798. Consid. upon Judicial Oaths, 1788, 8vo. See 
 FINCH, R. 
 
 Finch, Rev. Thomas. 1. Early Wisdom, Lon., 1794, 
 2 vols. 12mo. 2. To Sailors, 1797, 8vo. 3. To the Poor, 
 Norw., 8vo. 
 
FIN 
 
 FIN 
 
 Finch, Thomas. Precedents in Chancery, 1689-1722, 
 Lon., 1747, fol. ; 2d ed., by Thomas Finch, Lon., 1786, 8vo. 
 Lord Hardwicke states that the notes to cases to 1708 were 
 taken hy Mr. Pooley, the remainder by Mr. Robins. 
 
 " The cases are briefly reported, but are of respectable authority." 
 See Pref. 18 Viner's Abridgt; 1 Kent's Com., 492; Marvin's Leg. 
 Bibl., 586. 
 
 Finch, Thomas. 1. Essays on Man, Lon., 1811, 
 12mo. 2. On Political Philos., 1812, 8vo. 3. Social Vir 
 tues; aSerm., 1812, 8vo. 4. Scriptural Christianity, 1812, 
 8vo. 5. Christian Principles ; a Serm., Lynn, 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Finch, W. 1. Masonic Treatise. 2. Masonic Plates. 
 
 Finch, Wm., D.D., Preb. of Cant. Serm., 1704, 4to. 
 
 Finch, Wm., D.D. 1. The Objec. of Infidel Historians, 
 &c. agst. Christianity; in 8 serms. at the Bampton Lecture, 
 1797, and another serm., 1797, 8vo. 2. Serm., 1798, 8vo. 
 
 Fincher, Joseph. 1. Interpositions of Divine Pro 
 vidence, Lon., 12mo. 2. Achievements of Prayer, 2d ed., 
 1828, 12mo. 
 
 Finden, W. and E. The splendid publications of 
 these gentlemen The Royal Gallery of British Art, Por 
 traits of Female Aristocracy, Tableaux, Ports and Har 
 bours of Great Britain, Landscape Illustrations of the 
 Bible, Ac. are well known and justly valued by the pub 
 lic in and out of England. 
 
 Findlater, Rev. Charles, minister of Newlands, 
 Peebles. Genl. Survey of the Agricult. of the County of 
 Peebles, Edin., 1802, 8vo. 
 
 "The subject matter is well arranged and very judiciously re 
 lated. The notes and appendix are very valuable on the social 
 policy of the district and its regulations: the report has always 
 been esteemed." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Findlay, A. G. 1. Modern Atlas, Lon., 1843, r. 8vo. 
 2. Outline Maps, 1843, r. 4to. 3. Classical Atlas of Ancient 
 Geography, 1847, r. 8vo, and r. 4to, N. York, 1849, 8vo. 
 
 " This atlas will be found to answer all the purposes of the stu 
 dent. It is undoubtedly the best collection of maps for its size 
 that has hitherto appeared, and the interesting information con 
 tained in the introduction renders the work doubly valuable." 
 CHARLES ANTHON, LL.D., Columbia College. 
 
 4. School Classical Atlas, imp. 8vo. 5. School Atlas of 
 Modern Geography, 1848, 4to. 
 
 The value of these atlases is well known, and they are 
 beautifully gotten up. 
 
 " The artistical portion of these Atlases cannot be surpassed." 
 Ciiurch and State Gazette. 
 
 6. Directory for the Navigation of the Pacific Ocean, 
 1851, 2 vols. r. 8vo. 7. Sailing Directory for the East Coast 
 of England and Scotland, 1852, 8vo. 8. Comparative Atlas 
 of Ancient and Modern Geography, 1853, imp. 4to. 
 
 Findlay, J. Four serms., by J. F., J. Tozer, J. Moody, 
 and G. C. Broadbelt, Lon., 1799, 8vo. 
 
 Findlay, John K., son of Gov. Findlay of Pennsyl 
 vania. Archbold's (J. F.) Law of Nisi Prius; 3d Amer. ed., 
 enlarged and improved, by J. K. F., Phila., 1852, 2 vols. 
 8vo. The editor's Introduction and additions to the body 
 of the work greatly increase the value of the original, which 
 is perhaps the best treatise upon the subject. See ARCH- 
 BOLD, J. F. ; STEPHENS, ARCHIBALD JOHN. 
 
 Findlay, Robert, 1721-1814, a Scotch divine, was 
 educated at the University of Glasgow and at Leyden : one 
 of the ministers of Glasgow, 1756 ; Prof, of Divinity in 
 that University, 1782. 1. Two Letters to Dr. Kennicott, 
 Lon., 1762, 8vo. Anon. 2. Psalmody, Glasg., 1763, 8vo. 
 Anon. 3. Vindication of the sacred Books and of Jose- 
 phus from Voltaire, 1770, 8vo. 
 
 " This is a serious and solid refutation of many of M. de Vol 
 taire's most formidable objections to the sacred writings." BISHOP 
 WATSON. 
 
 4. Letter to Dr. Jebb, 1778, 8vo. Anon. 5. Remarks on 
 Lindsey's Dissert, on Praying to Christ, 1781, 8vo. 
 
 " These tracts contain important observations on some passages 
 of Scripture in that department of the Socinian controversy." 
 Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 6. The Divine Inspiration of the Scriptures of the Old 
 Test, asserted by St. Paul, 2 Tim. iii. 16; and Dr. Ged- 
 des's Reasons against the Tenor of his Words examined, 
 1804, 8vo. 
 
 " The reply to Dr. Geddes is a most satisfactory one, and both 
 vindicates the common reading of 2 Tim. iii. 16, and supports the 
 generally received views of inspiration." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Findley, Wm., d. 1821, a member of the U. States 
 Congress, 1812, a native of Ireland, was a zealous sup 
 porter of the American Revolution. 1. Review of the 
 Funding System, 1794. 2. Hist of the Insurrection of 
 the 4 western counties of Penn., <fec., Phila., 1796. 3. Ob- 
 serv. on the two Sons of Oil, vindic. religious liberty agst, 
 Rev. Samuel B. Wylie. 
 
 Finegan, J. T. An Attempt to illustrate a few Pas 
 sages in Shakspeare's Works, Bath, 1802, 8vo, with quo 
 tations from " Pierce Plowman's Vision," respecting the 
 
 antiquity of which the author dissents from Warton's 
 opinion. 
 
 Finett, Sir John, Knt., 1571-1640, a native of Soul- 
 ton, Kent. 1. Finetti Philoxemis, rel. to Forren Ambassa 
 dors in Eng., Lon., 1656, 8vo ; 1756, 12mo. Posth.; pub. by 
 James Howell. A curious work. See an analysis in Oldys's 
 Brit. Lib., 163-8. 2. On Estates; from the French of R. 
 de Lusing, 1606. 
 
 " He was bred up in the court, where, by his wit, mirth, and 
 uncommon skill in composing songs, he very much pleased 
 James I." 
 
 Finglass, Esther. The Recluse; or, History of 
 Lady Gertrude Lesly, Lon., 1790, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Finglass, John, D.D., Preb. of St. Andrew's, Dublin. 
 Serms., 1695, 4to. 
 
 Finlason, W. 1. Leading Cases in Pleading and 
 Parties to Action, with Notes, Lon., 1847, r. 8vo; Har- 
 risburg, 1847, 8vo. 
 
 " The Notes themselves are learned, and, we may add, elaborate 
 Treatises upon the matters to which they relate." London Law 
 Mag. 
 
 "A valuable addition to the library of the professional man." 
 Penn. Law Jour. 
 
 2. Finlason, W., and Morris R., Common Law Proce 
 dure Act, 1852 ; with Notes, Lon., 1852, 12mo. 
 
 Finlay, George. 1. Greece under the Romans, B.C. 
 146-A.o. 717, Lon., 1843, 8vo; 2d ed., 1857, 8vo. 
 
 " His work is therefore learned and profound. It throws a flood 
 of light upon an important though obscure portion of Grecian 
 history. ... In the essential requisites of fidelity, accuracy, and 
 learning, Mr. Finlay bears a favourable comparison with any his 
 torical writer of our day." North Amer. Rev. 
 
 " The History of Greece under the Romans has been ably written 
 by Mr. Finlay." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 2. The Hist, of Greece from its Conquest by the Cru 
 saders to its Conquest by the Turks, and of the Empire of 
 Trebizond, 1204-1461, 1851, 8vo. 
 
 3. Hist, of the Byzantine Empire, 716-1057, 1853, 8vo. 
 4. Hist, of the Byzantine and Greek Empires, 1057-1453, 
 1854, 8vo. 
 
 "At a time when so much attention is being devoted to the mo 
 dern history of the Greek race, and to the constitution and history 
 of the Greek Church, and when even our scholars are catching the 
 enthusiasm, and insisting on the necessity of studying the modern 
 Greek language and literature, Mr. Finlay's solid and careful 
 works will be welcomed by all who read to be informed." Lon. 
 AihencBum. 
 
 Finlay, John, 1782-1810, a native of Glasgow, and 
 educated at the University of that city, was a poet of some 
 repute. 1. Wallace; or, The Vale of "Ellerslie ; with other 
 Poems, Glasg., 1802, 12mo; 1804, 8vo. 2. Scottish Hist, 
 and Romantic Ballads; chiefly ancient, Edin., 1808, 2 vols. 
 8vo. 3. Life of Cervantes. 
 
 " His chief poem, < Wallace ; or. The Vale of Ellerslie,' which was 
 written at the age of nineteen, is doubtless an imperfect compo 
 sition ; but it displays a wonderful power of versification, and con 
 tains many splendid descriptions of external nature. It possesses 
 both the merits and defects which we look for in the early compo 
 sitions of true genius. . . . The collection of ' Historical and Ro 
 mantic Ballads' entitles the name of Finlay to a place among 
 Scottish antiquaries, and to follow those of Walter Scott and Ro 
 bert Jamieson." Blackwood's Mag., ii. 186, q. v. for a biographical 
 sketch and specimen of Finlay's poetry. 
 
 Finlay, John. 1. Churchwardens, Ac. in Ireland, 
 Dubl., 8vo. 2. Landlord and Tenant in do., 8vo. 3. Law 
 of Tithe in do., 8vo. 4. Laws of Game, <fcc., 8vo. 5. Law 
 of Renewals, 1822, 8vo. 6. Digested Index to all the Irish 
 Rep. Cases in Law and Equity, 1830, 8vo. 
 
 Finlayson, George, surgeon and naturalist to Mr 
 Crawford's Mission to Siarn and Hug, 1821, '22. An Ac 
 count of the Mission from the Journal of the late G. F., with 
 a Memoir of the Author, by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, 
 Bart. 
 
 " We are satisfied of the accuracy with which he has recorded the 
 transactions of this abortive mission." Lon. Quar.Rev.,xxxm. 104- 
 133, q. v. for an interesting account of this unsuccessful expedition. 
 
 Finlayson, James, D.D., the colleague of Dr. Blair. 
 1. Serms., by Dr. Blair, with his Life. 2. Serms., with 
 Life and Character of the Author, Lon., 1809, 8vo. 
 
 "In originality of thought and cogency of reasoning, we think 
 they will be found even superior to those of Blair." British Critic 
 
 Finlayson, John. Admonition to all people, 1797, 
 8vo. 
 
 Finlayson, John, 1780-1826, a native of the county 
 of Ayr, an eminent agriculturist. British Farmer and 
 Ploughman's Guide, Glasg., 1822, 8vo; 2d ed., 1829. 
 
 "A very useful and interesting work." Brit. Farmer's Chron , 
 
 ' With him every thing is done on principle." Brit. Farmer's 
 Maa., May, 1827. 
 
 Mr. F. made many improvements in agricultural imple 
 ments, <fec. See an interesting notice of him in Donald 
 son's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Finlayson, Joseph Andrews. Serm. 
 
FIN 
 
 FIS 
 
 Finley, Robert, D.D., 1772-1817, a native of Prince 
 ton, N. Jersey, elected President of the University of 
 Georgia, 1817, may be considered as the father of the 
 American Colonization Society. He pub. several serins, 
 and some papers on Colonization to Africa. 
 
 Finley, Samuel, D.D., 1715-1766, a native of Ar 
 magh, Ireland, emigrated to Philadelphia in 1734, elected 
 President of the College of N. Jersey in 1761. He pub. 
 several serms. and theolog. treatises, 1741-57, and edited , 
 the serms. of his predecessor, President Davies. 
 
 Finn, Henry J., 1782-1840, a native of the city of 
 New York, after devoting two years to the study of the 
 law, abandoned Coke and Blackstone for the stage, and 
 made his first appearance at the Haymarket Theatre, Lon 
 don. In 1811 he returned to America, and obtained great 
 reputation as a comic actor. He perished in the conflagra- j 
 tion of the steamboat Lexington, January 13, 1840. He 
 pub. a Comic Annual, contributed to several periodicals, 
 wrote a drama entitled Montgomery, or the Falls of Mont- 
 morenci, which was acted and pub., and left a MS. tragedy, 
 specimens of which appeared in the New York Mirror. 
 The bills of his benefit nights were 
 
 ** Usually made up of the most extraordinary and inconceivable 
 puns, for which his own name furnished prolific materials." Life 
 of Finn by Epes Sargent, in Griswold's Biographical Annual, New 
 York, 1841, 12mo. 
 
 Finn, James. 1. Sephardim; or, The Hist, of the 
 Jews in Spain and Portugal, 1841, p. 8vo. 
 
 " Of all the books about the Jews (and truly their name is legion) 
 which the modern press pours out on the world, Sephardim is the 
 most learned, the most accurate, the most romantic, and the most 
 instructive." Ch. of Eng. Quar. Rev. 
 
 2. Hist, of the Jews in China, Lon., 1843, 12mo. 
 Finnelly, W. 1. Elections in Eng., Scot., and Ire., 
 Lon., 1830, 12mo. 2. Reform Act, Dubl., 1832, 8vo. 3. Re 
 ports: see CLARK, CHARLES. 
 
 Finnerty, Peter. Burdett's Speeches, 1804. His 
 Case, 1811. 
 
 Finney, Charles G., Prest. of Oberlin Coll., Ohio, 
 was born in Litchfield co., Conn., in 1792. 1. Guide to the 
 Saviour, Oberlin, 16mo. 2. Lectures to Professing Chris 
 tians, 3d ed., Lon., 1839, 12mo. 3. Lectures on Revivals of 
 Religion, 13th ed., with Notes and Memoir, 1840, 8vo. In 
 America, six editions of 2000 copies each were sold, and 
 the sale still continues. 
 " Some useful thoughts." BICKERSTETH. 
 4. Serms. on Important Subjects, 1839, 12mo. 5. Skele 
 tons of a Course of Theolog. Lectures, 1841, 8vo. 6. Lec 
 tures on Systematic Theology. New ed., with an Introduc. 
 by the Rev. George Redford, D.D. New ed., 1851, 8vo. 
 
 " Eminently deserving the attention and examination of British 
 Theologians, and a valuable and seasonable contribution to Theo 
 logical Science." REV. GEO. REDFORD, D.D. 
 
 The Lectures to Professing Christians on Revivals of 
 Religion, and Serms. on Important Subjects, have been 
 pub. together in London, in 10 parts, 8vo. 
 
 " I have no hesitation in ranking the Lectures on Revivals, and 
 the work now before me, entitled Lectures to Professing Christians, 
 among the best works that of late years have been presented to the 
 world. They are both of them the productions of a man full of 
 feith and of the Holy Ghost, whose whole soul appears to be taken 
 up with zeal for the cause of religion and the salvation of souls." 
 REV. J. BARKER. 
 
 A review by Prof. Hodge of Mr. F.'s theological views, 
 will be found in the Princeton Biblical Repository for June, 
 1847, and a biographical sketch of the author (Mr. F.) in 
 Bartlett's Modern Agitators, N. York, 1855, 12mo. 
 Finney, John, D.D. Serm., 1746, 4to. 
 Fiott, John. East India Stock, 1791, '92, '93. 
 Firebrace, John. Serm., 1767, 8vo. 
 Firmin, Giles, 1617-1697, a Nonconformist divine, a 
 native of Suffolk, emigrated to New England and practised 
 physic ; returned and became minister of Stratford, Essex ; 
 ejected, 1662. He pub. several serms. and theolog. trea 
 tises, 1652-93, the best-known of which is The Real Chris 
 tian, 1670, 4to. 
 
 Firmin, Thomas, 1632-1697, a native of Ipswich, 
 eminent for his deeds of charity, was a Socinian. He was 
 an intimate friend of Archbishop Tillotson, and generally 
 esteemed. Some Proposals for the Employing the Poor, 
 especially in and about the City of London ; and for the 
 Prevention of Begging, Lon., 1678, 4to. 
 
 'The author's views were sufficiently benevolent, but not very 
 enlarged." Donaldson's AgrictM. Biog. 
 
 Firth,Wm. A Saint's Monument; a Serm., 1662, 12mo. 
 Firth, Wm. 1. Case of Lord Thanet, Lon., 1799, 8vo. 
 2. Letter to Bp. Bathurst, 1813, 8vo. 3. Recent State Trials 
 1818, 8vo. 
 
 Fisgrave, Anthony, LL.D. Midas ; or a Serious In 
 quiry into Taste and Genius, Lon., 1808, 8vo. 
 
 598 
 
 Fish, Henry, of Middleton. Serm., 1737, 8vo. 
 
 Fish, Henry Clay,D,D.b.l820,in Halifax, Vermont, 
 Pastor of the First Baptist Church, Newark, N.J. 1. 
 Primitive Piety Revived : a Prize Essay, Boston, 1855, 
 12mo. 20,000 sold in two years. 2. History and Re 
 pository of Pulpit-Eloquence, N.Y., 1856, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Every minister needs these volumes as illustrating the rules 
 of sacred rhetoric and furnishing rich nutriment to his mind and 
 heart." Bibliotheca Sacra. 
 
 3. Pulpit-Eloquence of the XIX. Century, 1857, 8vo. 
 4. Select Disc, from the German and French, 1858, 12mo. 
 
 Fish, Simon, d. about 1531, a native of Kent, educated 
 at Oxford, was a zealous promoter of the English Reforma 
 tion. 1. The Supplicacyon for the Beggars, 1526, 8vo. 
 This satire upon the Popish clergy was answered by Sir 
 Thomas More in his Supplication of Souls in Purgatory. 
 
 2. The Sum of the Scriptures; trans, from the Dutch, 1530. 
 
 3. The Boke of Merchants. 4. The Spiritual Nosegay. 
 "And thys good zele had ye wote well Symon Fishe had when 
 
 he made the Supplicacio' of beggers. But God gaue him suche 
 grace afterwarde yt he was sory for that good zeale and repented 
 hymselfe, and came into the church agayne, and forsok and for- 
 sware all the whole hill of these heresyes, out of which the moun 
 tain of that same good zeale sprage." Sir Thomas Store's Works, 
 ed. fol., Lon., 1557, p. 881, col. 1. See Athen. Oxon., ed. Bliss, i. 60. 
 Fishacre, or Fizacre, Richard, d. 1248, a Domi 
 nican, studied at Oxford, and Leland thinks, also at Paris, 
 with Robert Bacon. Leland gives a list of theolog. trea 
 tises by Fishacre. 
 
 Fisher. School for Ingratitude; a Com., 1748, 8vo. 
 Fisher's Admirable Hist., Illustrations of the Bible, 
 the Waverley Novels, the Drawing Room, and Juvenile 
 Scrap Books, &c., are deservedly admired by all who can 
 appreciate artistic excellence. 
 
 Fisher, Admiral, R.N. 1. The Petrel ; a Tale of the 
 Sea, Lon., 1850, 3 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 2. Ralph Rutherford; a Nautical Romance, 1851, 3 vols. 
 p. Svo. 
 
 " Admiral Fisher's interesting nautical tale of Ralph Rutherford 
 is a worthy member of the Marryat class, full of animated scenes, 
 serious and droll, with the halo of a love-story thrown around it." 
 United Service Gazette. 
 
 Fisher, A. New Grammar, 1753, Svo. Improved by 
 J. Wilson, 1792, Svo. Enlarged by a relative, 1801, Svo. 
 Fisher, Alexander. Journal of a Voyage of Dis 
 covery to the Arctic Regions, Lon., 1821, Svo. 
 
 Fisher, Alexander M., 1794-1822, Prof, of Mathe- 
 mat. in Yale College, a native of Franklin, Mass., was 
 wrecked on the coast of Ireland, 1822, and lost. Papers 
 on Mathematics and Natural Philos. in Silliman's Journal. 
 Fisher, Ambrose. Defence of the Liturgy of the 
 Ch. of England, Lon., 1630, 4to. 
 Fisher, Caroline M. See SAWYER. 
 Fisher, Daniel, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1784, Svo. 
 Fisher, Edward, a Calvinistic divine, educated at 
 Oxford. 1. Appeal to thy Conscience, Oxf., 1644, 4to. 
 2. Feast of Feasts, 1644, 4to. Anon. 3. The Marrow of 
 Modern Divinity, 1644, Svo. By Rev. J. Hogg, Edin., 
 1720, Svo. With Notes by Thos. Boston, 1722-26, 2 vols. 
 Svo. The republication of this work excited a warm con 
 troversy in the Church of Scotland. 4. A Christian Caveat 
 to the Old and New Sabbatarians, 1650, '53, 4to. Answered 
 by Dr. Collings and Giles Collier. 5. Answer to 16 Queries. 
 Printed with the Christian Caveat, 1655. 
 
 " He became a noted person among the learned for his great 
 reading in ecclesiastical history, and in the fathers, and for his ad 
 mirable skill in the Greek and Hebrew Languages." Athi-n. Oxon. 
 Fisher, George. Educational works, Lon., 1845, Ac. 
 Fisher, Henry. Discord; an Epic Poem, 1794, 4to. 
 Fisher, J. B. 1. Pathetic Tales, Poems, Ac., 1808, 
 12mo. 2. Poetical Rhapsodies, 1818, Svo. 3. The Her 
 mitage, a Poem, 12mo. 
 
 Fisher, J. F. Early Poets of Pennsylvania. 
 Fisher, J. T., Surgeon. Asthma, 6th ed., 1810. 
 Fisher, James. The Wise Virgin; or a Wonderful 
 Narrative concerning Sarah Hatfield, Lon., 1653, 12mo; 
 1654, '64. 
 
 Fisher, James. Poems, Essays, <fcc., 1790-1810. 
 Fisher, James. The Assembly's Shorter Catechism 
 Explained, by J. F., Eb. Erskine, <&c., 17th ed., 1813, 12mo. 
 Fisher, Jasper, D.D. Fuimus Troes, ^Ineid. 2. The 
 True Trojans, Lon., 1633, 4to. This play is in Dodsley's Coll. 
 Fisher, John, 1459-1535, a native of Beverley, York 
 shire, was educated at Michael House, now Trinity Coll., 
 Camb., of which he became Fellow, Proctor, and Master. 
 He was chaplain and confessor to Margaret, Countess of 
 Richmond, and was the Margaret Prof, of Divinity, 1502 ; 
 Bishop of Rochester, 1504. He was a zealous opponent 
 of the Reformation, and could not be persuaded by Henry 
 VIII. to approve of that monarch's divorce from Catherine 
 
FIS 
 
 FIS 
 
 and marriage to Anne Boleyn. The king had a sharp ar 
 gument always ready for the obstinate, and this learned 
 and excellent man was murdered i. e. beheaded by kingly 
 command, June 22, 1535, which sad act, rightly says Bishop 
 Burnet, "left one of the greatest blots upon this kingdom's 
 proceedings." He pub. some serms. and theolog. treatises, 
 a list of which will be found in the Bibl. Brit., and see 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Man. A collective edit, of his works was 
 pub. at Wurtzburg in 1595, fol. The early edits, of his 
 Treatise cone, the Fruitful Sayings of David, 1508, '09, 
 '25, '29, 4to, are of considerable pecuniary value, and his 
 serms. on the Countess of Richmond and on Henry VII. 
 were sold some years since at an auction in London for 
 9 9s. each. The Life of Bishop Fisher was pub. by Dr. 
 Bailey in 1655. A new Life, by the Rev. John Lewis, 
 author of the Life of Wickliffe, <fcc., prepared from the ori 
 ginal MS. and prefaced by an Introduction, by T. Hudson 
 Turner, may be shortly expected. Since writing the above 
 this work has been pub., Lon., 1855, 2 vols. 8vo, uniformly 
 printed with the Clarendon Press eds. of the author's other 
 biographical works, Strype's Lives, <fec. Erasmus gives a 
 noble character of this ornament of England : 
 
 " Reverendus Episcopus Roffensis, vir non solum mirabili integri- 
 tate vitae, verilm etiam alta et recondita doctrina, turn inorum 
 quoque incredibili comitate commendatus maximis pariter ac mi- 
 nimis. Aut egregie fallor, aut is vir est unus, cum quo nemo sit 
 hac tempestate conferendus, vel integritate vitae, vel eruditione, 
 vel animi magnitudine." 
 
 Fisher, John, an English Jesuit, whose true name was 
 Peircy, was a native of Yorkshire. He became a Jesuit in 
 1594, and was living in 1641. 1. Treatise of Faith, Lon., 
 1600. 2. Defence of do., 1612. 3. Challenge to Protest 
 ants, 1612. 4. Answer to some points of Controversy. His 
 Conference with Laud was first pub. in 1624, with White's 
 answer to Fisher's reply to K. James I. Laud's Conference 
 with Fisher, 6th ed., will be found in the new ed. of Laud's 
 works, vol. ii., Oxf., 1849. For other controversial tracts 
 in answer to Fisher, see Chalmers's Biog. Diet., and see 
 Dodd's Ch. Hist. 
 
 Fisher, John. Serms., 1723, 8vo. 
 
 Fisher, John, Vicar of St. Laurence. 15 Serms. on 
 several Subjects, 1741, 8vo. 
 
 Fisher, John, Vicar of St. John's in Peterborough. 
 On Perjury; a Serm., Lon., 1753, 4to. 
 
 Fisher, John. The Valley of Llanherne (Cornwall) 
 and other Pieces of Verse, 1801, 12mo. 
 
 Fisher, John, 1748-1825, a native of Hampton, edu 
 cated at Peterhouse, Camb., Bishop of Salisbury, 1807. A 
 Charge, 1805, 4to. Serm., 1806, 4to. Serm., 1807, 4to. 
 
 Fisher, Jonathan. A Picturesque Tour of Killarney. 
 With 20 Views, Map, &c., Lon., 1791, fol. 
 
 Fisher, Joseph. Marriage ; a Serm., 1695, 4to. 
 
 Fisher, Rev. Joseph. 1. Remarks rel. to Lindsey's 
 Scrip. Confutation, 1775, 8vo. Priestley's Philos. Necess., 
 1779, 12mo. 
 
 Fisher, Joseph,M.D. Practice of Medicine made Easy, 
 Lon., 1785, 8vo. Coal Works ; Trans. R. Irish Acad., v. 266. 
 
 Fisher, Miss Kitty. 1. The Juvenile Adventures 
 of, Lon., 1759, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Her Miscellany, with a 
 Dramatic Serm. by two Methodist Preachers, 1760, 8vo. 
 
 Fisher, Myles, d. 1819, aged 71, a lawyer of Phila 
 delphia, a member of the Society of Friends, pub. an 
 answer to Paine's Age of Reason. 
 
 " He was a man of science, and an eloquent orator." Mien's 
 Amer. Biog. Diet. 
 
 Fisher, Nathaniel, 1742-1812, Episcopal minister 
 at Salem, Mass., 1781-1812, was a native of Dedham, 
 Mass. Serms., 1818, 8vo. 
 
 Fisher, Payne, or, as he styled himself in his Latin 
 pieces, Paganus Piscator, 1616-93, a native of Dorsetshire, 
 was educated at Hart Hall, Oxf., and Magdalen Coll., 
 Camb. He served in the army in the Netherlands, and 
 subsequently in Ireland and England, where he was ad 
 vanced to the rank of Major. In 1644 he served at the 
 siege of York, and was present at the battle of Marston 
 Moor, which he " celebrated in his first published poem," 
 1650, 4to. He subsequently joined the Parliamentarians, 
 and became poet-laureate to Cromwell. Wood gives a long 
 list of his pieces, and, of course, speaks of him with undis 
 guised contempt: 
 
 " Being destitute of means and money, he retired in private to 
 London, lived there by his wits, favoured by his pen the successful 
 rebellion, and, as a true time-server, (incident to most poets,) ingra 
 tiated himself so much with the great men then in power, that he 
 did homage to, and became at length poet-laureat (or, as he himself 
 used to say, scribbler) to Oliver, the protector of England, a pre 
 tended lover of musicians and poets; but the niggardliness and 
 incompetency of his reward shewed that he was a personated act 
 of greatness, and that private Cromwell did govern prince Oliver 
 After his majesty's restoration he turned about, endeavoured to 
 
 T express the great sufferings that he had endured for his loyalty; 
 ! but his palpable flatteries of the great men in the interval being 
 I notoriously known, he could obtain nothing but what his wits pro 
 cured, lived always poor, as not knowing the true value of money, 
 and void of a prudential foresight, and running himself much in 
 debt, endured several years imprisonment in the Fleet, and be 
 came the object of charity. He had a very good command of the 
 j Latin pen; it being, as 'twere, natural to him, and was esteemed 
 j by many judicious persons an excellent Latin poet, as many things 
 I of that faculty, which he wrote purposely to flatter great persons 
 to obtain rewards, shew." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 A collection of his poems was pub. in 1663, 8vo. His 
 Book of Heraldry was pub. in 1682, and an account of 
 The Tombs, Monuments, Ac. in St. Paul's and St. Faith's, 
 in 1684, 4to. 
 
 Fisher, Peter. Monies raised in Suffolk, 1648. 
 
 Fisher, Philip, D.D., Master of Charterhouse. Serm. 
 on Eccles. ii. 1, Lon., 1811, 4to. 
 
 Fisher, R. T. Act rel. to Wills, Lon., 1837, 12mo. 
 
 Fisher, Richard Barnard. 1. Copyhold Tenure, 
 Lon., 1794, 8vo; 2d ed., 1803. 2. Sketch of Lisbon, 
 1811, 12mo. 3. Importance of the Cape of Good Hope, 1814. 
 
 Fisher, Robert. Serm., Prov. xxiii. 23. TractarU 
 anisrn opposed to Truth, the Safety of the Ch., <fcc., Lon., 
 1843, 8vo. 
 
 Fisher, Roger. Heart of Oak the British Bulwark, 
 Lon., 1763, 4to. Advocates the propagation of Oak Tim 
 ber, &c. See EVELYN, JOHN; title Sylva. 
 
 Fisher, Samuel, a Quaker. The Testimony of Truth 
 Exalted; consisting of several Treatises, Lon., 1679, fol. 
 
 Fisher, Thomas. Warlike Directions; or, the Sol 
 dier's Practice, Lon., 1643, 4to. 
 
 Fisher, Thomas. 1. Bedfordshire Antiquities, 1836, 
 sm. fol. 8 8s., and r. fol. 10 10s. Nos. 1, 2, 3, had been 
 pub. in 1812, '13, r. 4to. The subjects are for the most 
 part inedited, and consist of Churches, Priories, Castles, 
 Old Houses, Door Ways, Monuments, Brasses, Tombs, 
 Fonts, Crosses, Ancient Sculpture, and Miscellaneous Anti 
 quities. An Index is prefixed, with paginal references to 
 Lyson's History of the County. 
 
 2. Warwickshire Antiquities. (First part, 1807-09, fol., 
 3 pts. not completed; 33 plates.) Edited by John Gough 
 Nichols, 1836, r. fol. 10 10*. 
 
 " The ancient fresco paintings are especially curious, as having 
 been executed in England in an age of which, according to the 
 opinion of Walpole in his History of Painting, no specimens of the 
 Art existed. Only 120 copies were printed, and that number can 
 not now be increased without an enormous expense, as many of 
 the plates have been destroyed." Lon. Gent. Mag. 
 
 Fisher, Thomas. Dial of the Seasons, Phila., 8vo. 
 
 Fisher, Wm. Serm., Lon., 1580, 4to; do. 1592, 8vo. 
 
 Fisher, Wm. Serm., 1716, 8vo. 
 
 Fishlake, J. R. 1. Greek Grammar, Lon., 8vo. 2. 
 Cat. of Irreg. Greek Verbs, 2d ed., 1844, 8vo. 
 
 " Buttman's Catalogue con tains all those prominent irregularities 
 so fully and fundamentally investigated, that I was convinced a 
 translation of them would prove a valuable assistant to every 
 lover and student of Greek literature." Preface. 
 
 3. Lexilogus : Greek Words and Passages in Homer, 
 Hesiod, <fcc., 3d ed., 1846, 8vo. 
 
 "A most able disquisition. It contains a deeper and more criti 
 cal knowledge of Greek, more extensive research, and more sound 
 judgment, than we ever remember to have seen in any one work 
 before." Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 4. Larger Greek Grammar, 3d ed., by Supf, 1848, 8vo. 
 Fisk, Prof. Educational works, pub. in Boston, Mass. 
 Fisk, George. An Analysis of Coke upon Littleton, 
 
 in a Series of Questions to be answd. by the Student, Lon., 
 1824, 8vo. 
 
 " This work cannot fail to be inestimable to the student desirous 
 of a thorough knowledge of the First Institute." Hoffman's Leg. 
 Stu., 230. 
 
 Fisk, Pliny, 1792-1825, a native of Massachusetts, a 
 distinguished missionary in the East, who died of a fever 
 at Beyroot, prepared an English and Arabic Dictionary, 
 and pub. several papers in the Missionary Herald. See 
 Alvin Bond's Life of Pliny Fisk, 1828, 12mo. 
 
 Fisk, Wilbur, D.D., d. 1839, aged 46, first President 
 of the Wesley an University, Middletown, Conn., an emi 
 nent Methodist divine, pub. several theolog. and educa 
 tional works, and a vol. of Travels in Europe, which has 
 had a wide circulation, and been greatly admired. See 
 Life of Dr. Fisk by Prof. Holdich, N. York, 1842, 8vo. 
 
 Fiske, Mrs. Records of Fashion, 4to, in Nos. 
 
 Fiske, John, 1601-1677, first minister of Wenham 
 and Chelmsford, Mass. The Olive Branch Watered,- a 
 Catechism. 
 
 Fiske, Jonathan. 1. His Case, Lon., 1781, 8vo. 
 2. Life and Transactions of Marq. Nicolson, 1786, 8vo. 
 
 Fiske, Nathan W., Prof, of Amherst Coll., d. 1847, 
 in Palestine. 1. Manual of Classical Literature, based 
 upon the German work of J. J. Eschenburg, with large 
 
FIS 
 
 FIT 
 
 addits. and a sup. vol. of plates, Phila., 1836; 4th edit., 
 1843. The first three parts were pub. separately, under 
 the title of Classical Antiquities, 8vo. 2. Young Peter's 
 Tour around the World, N. York, 16mo. 3. Story of 
 Aleck; or, The Hist, of Pitcairn's Island, Boston, ISmo. 
 
 " His talents were, undoubtedly, of a highly respectable order, 
 his modesty remarkable, while the high-toned principles of honour 
 which governed his actions, and the meekness, humility, and 
 other Christian virtues which adorned his character, were such as 
 to endear him to those who were acquainted with him." EDWARD 
 C. BIDDLE, of Phila. 
 
 Fiske, Nathan, D.D., 1733-1799, minister of Brook- 
 field, Mass. Serms., Ac., 1775-1801. 
 
 Fiske, Oliver, d. 1837, aged 74. Medical Essays ; 
 Miscellaneous papers. 
 
 Fissen, ^lajor J. P. The Warning: on War, 1806. 
 
 Fiston, Win. Germaine Empire, 1-595, 4to. 
 
 Fitch, Rev. Elijah, 1745-1788, educated at Yale 
 Coll., was settled at Hopkinton, Mass., where he died in 
 the 17th year of his ministry. Poems : The Beauties of 
 Religion; The Choice; Providence, 1789. 
 
 Fitch, J. Receipts for making Wines, Lon., 1815. 
 
 Fitch, Jabez, 1672-1746, minister of Portsmouth, 
 N. Hampshire. Serms., 1727-36. He made Collections 
 rel. to N. H., to which Dr. Belknap had access. 
 
 Fitch, John, 1743-1798, a native of Windsor, Con 
 necticut, gained more celebrity than profit by his applica 
 tion of "steam power to water craft." His first experi 
 ment with a steamboat (the Perseverance) on the Delaware 
 River was made May 1, 1787. See a description of it by Dr. 
 Thornton, (Eminent Mechanics, p. 32,) and a Life of Fitch 
 by Charles Whittlesey, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., Second 
 Series, vi. 81. 1. The Original Steamboat supported, <fcc., 
 Phila., 1788, 8vo. This is against Rumsey's claim to pri 
 ority, as asserted in his pamphlet. Joshua Barnes pub. 
 an answer to Fitch, espousing Rumsey's claim, in the same 
 year, 8vo. 2. An Explan. for keeping a Ship's Traverse 
 at Sea by the Columbian Ready Reckoner, Lon., 1793. 
 
 "The diagrams and explanations contained in this book of 
 twenty pages show a high mathematical talent, and a gift of sim 
 plification and order truly remarkable in a self-taught mind." 
 Whitttesey's Biog., ubi supra. 
 
 In 1858 was pub. Life of John Fitch, the Inventor of the 
 Steamboat, by Thompson Westcott, Phila., 12mo, pp. 415. 
 
 "The book will well reward perusal; for many of his personal 
 adventures are stranger than most fiction, while the details with 
 reference to the early history of steam-navigation are copious and 
 bear all the marks of diligent and thorough research." A 7 . Amer. 
 Rev., July, 1858, 283. 
 
 Fittler, James. Scotia Depicta, Lon., 1804, 4to. 
 
 Fitton, Wm., M.D. Con. to Trans. Geol. Soc., 1811. 
 
 Fitz, Asa. School-Books, pub. in Boston. 
 
 Fitz- Albion. His Letters to the Rt. Hon. Wm. Pitt 
 and the Rt. Hon. H. Addington, Lon., 1804, 8vo. 
 
 Fitz- Brian, B. The Good Old Cause, 1657, 4to. 
 
 Fitzclarence, Lt.-Col., Earl of Minister. Jour 
 nal of a Route across India, through Egypt, to England, in 
 1817, '18, 4to ; 1819, 4to. Bought up by the noble author. 
 
 "A lively and interesting narrative." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 " Full of various intelligence." Lon. Lit. Gaz. 
 
 Fitzcotton, Henry. New and accurate trans, of 
 the First Book of Homer's Iliad, Dubl., Lon., 1749, 8vo. 
 
 Fitz-Geffry, or Fitz-Geoffry, Charles, 1575- 
 1636, a native of Cornwall, educated at Broadgates Hall, 
 Oxf., became Rector of St. Dominick, in his own county. 
 1. The Life and Death of Sir Francis Drake ; a Poem, Oxf., 
 1596, 12ino. 2. Affanise sive Epigrammata, Lib. III., and 
 Cenotaphia, Lib. L, 1601, 8vo. He appears, also, to have 
 been the author of a prose tract, entitled, A- Curse for 
 Corne-horders, 1631, 4to, and a religious poem called The 
 Blessed Birth-day, 1634, '36, 4to ; 1654, sm. 8vo. He also 
 pub. some serms., and wrote commendatory lines to several 
 publications. Wood erroneously ascribes to him the col 
 lection of poetry entitled, Choycest Flowers, Ac., known 
 as England's Parnassus, which belongs to Allot; but, as 
 Dr. Bliss suggests, Fitz-Geffry may have assisted the for 
 mer. Fitz-Geffry was highly esteemed by his contempo 
 raries. In the following lines we have both his mental 
 and physical portrait: 
 
 "Blind Poet Homer you doe equalize, 
 Though he saw more with none, then with most eyes. 
 Our Geoffry Chaucer, who wrote quaintly neat, 
 In verse you match, equall him in conceit: 
 Featur'd you are like Homer in one eye. 
 Rightly surnam'd the sonneof Geoffery." 
 
 Haymarts Qiwdlibets. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. 
 
 "Fitzgeffrey obtained the applause* of many contemporaries for 
 his religious strains, and not without deserving them, since he 
 Feems to have performed better than most others what human 
 intellect can never adequately accomplish." See Athen. Oxon 
 Brydgerfs Phillips's Theatrum Poetarum; CensnraLiteraria; Brit 
 Bibliographer. 
 
 Fitz-Geffrey, Henry. Satyres and Epigrams, 
 1617, '20. 
 
 Fitzgerald, Lord. His Letter discovering a Plot 
 to Kill Protestants in Ireland, Lon., 1647, 4to. 
 
 Fitzgerald, Edward. The Regent's Feat; a Poem, 
 1811, 4to. 
 
 Fitzgerald, George Robert. 1. Appeal to The 
 Jockey Club, Lon., 1775, 8vo. 2. Reply to T. Walker, 
 1775, 8vo. 3. Appeals, Ac. 4. Doctrine of Indict, at Com 
 mon Law, <fcc., Dubl., 1782, 8vo. 5. The Riddle, Lon., 
 1787, 4to. 
 
 Fitzgerald, Gerald, D.D., Hebrew Prof, in Dublin 
 University. 1. The Academic Sportsman ; a Poem, Dubl 
 4to; Lon., 1773. 2. Originality and Permanence of the 
 Biblical Hebrew, Dubl., 1796, 8vo. 
 
 "The object of Dr. Fitzgerald, in this volume, is to prove the di 
 vine origin of the Hebrew language, and that its letters have un 
 dergone no change. . . . There are considerable learning and acute- 
 ness discovered in this tract; but several of its positions will not 
 be assented to by scholars." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 3. Poems, 8vo. 4. A Hebrew Grammar for the use of 
 the Students of the Univ. of Dublin, 1799, 8vo. 
 
 "A plain, easy, and useful introduction to the Hebrew tongue, 
 in English, for the use of students in our Universities, and par 
 ticularly in the University of Dublin." Lon. Monthly Rev. 
 
 "The author has pursued an intermediate method between 
 adopting all the Masoretic rites and rejecting them all together, 
 viz., by retaining the vowel points, and such of the accents as are 
 most distinguishable and useful, and omitting all the other ac 
 cents, (the number of which is considerable,) which he deems 
 wholly unnecessary in the present state of the Hebrew tongue." 
 Home's Sibl. Sib. 
 
 Fitzgerald, James. Poetical Pastimes, 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Fitzgerald, John. Tracts on the Popish Plot, 
 1681, fol. 
 
 Fitzgerald, Keane. Letter to the Directors E. I. 
 Company, Lon., 1777, 8vo. Steam Engine, fcc., Phil. 
 Trans., 1757-82. 
 
 Fitzgerald, Rev. P. The Hist., Topog., and Antiq. 
 of Limerick, &c., by the Rev. P. F. and I. I. McGregor, 
 Dubl., 1826, '27, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Fitzgerald, Preston. The Spaniard and Siorlamb, 
 and other Poems, 1810, 8vo. Spain Delivered, and other 
 Poems, 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Fitzgerald, Samuel, M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 
 1702. 
 
 Fitzgerald, Rev. Wm. Theolog. and other works, 
 1839-51. 
 
 Fitzgerald, Wm. Thomas. Prologues and Epi 
 logues, 1793. Other poetical pieces, 1793-1814. 
 
 Fitz-Gibbon, John, Earl of Clare. See CLARE. 
 
 Fitzgibbons, John. Cases in K. B., C. P., Ex. and 
 Ch., 1728-33, Lon., 1732, fol. 
 
 " It is of no authority." LORD HARDWTCKE. 
 
 " The cases in this book are very incorrectly reported." CHIEF 
 BARON PARKER. 
 
 The learned Judge excepted certain cases from these 
 censures : see Wallace's Reporters ; Marvin's Leg. Bibl. 
 
 Fitzhenry, James. Observ. on passages from M. 
 Baretti's Jour, from London to Genoa, Lon., 1770, 8vo. 
 
 Fitzherbert, Sir Anthony, d. 1538, an eminent 
 lawyer, a native of Norbury, Devonshire, was educated at 
 Oxford; Justice of the Court of C. Pleas, 1523. 1. Le 
 Graunde Abridgement, Lon., 1514, '16, '65, '77, fol. This 
 valuable work contains a digest of all the cases in the Year 
 Books down to the 21 Hen. VIL, "painfully and elabo 
 rately collected," and Cases from the reigns of Rich. II., 
 Edw. I. and II., Hen. III., and many readings and origi 
 nal authorities. It is most probable that Statham's Abridge 
 ment was pub. before Fitzherbert's. 
 
 "The character of the Abridgements of Fitzherbert and Brooke 
 [see BROOKE, SIR ROBERT, in this Dictionary] may be summed up 
 in a few words. They are mere indexes, under general heads, of 
 the principal adjudged cases up to their own times, in which the 
 points are accurately stated, but without any attention to order, 
 or any attempt at classification. As repositories of the old law, 
 they now maintain a very considerable value, and may be con 
 sulted with advantage. Whoever examines them (for a thorough 
 perusal of them will be a mere waste of time) will probably feel 
 inclined, when he can, to ascend to the original sources; but if 
 these should not be within his reach, he may rely with confidence 
 that these learned judges have not indulged themselves in a care 
 less transcription or a loose statement of the law. In our own 
 practice we have frequently found them the safest guides to the 
 old law, and particularly to the contents of the Year Books." 
 JUDGE STORY : N. Amer. Rev., art. Dane's Alwidgt. of Amer. Law. 
 
 See also Marvin's Leg. Bibl., and authorities there re 
 ferred to. In Fulbeck's Preparative will be found a com 
 parison drawn between the Abridgements of Brooke and 
 Fitzherbert. 2. L'Office et Auctoritie de Justices de Peace. 
 Written in French in 1514, trans, into English in 1538; 
 enlarged by Richard Crompton, 1587, 4to. See CROMP- 
 TON, RICHARD. Many eds. before and since this date. 
 
FIT 
 
 FLA 
 
 New ed., 1794, 2 vols. r. 8vo. The eds. between 1652 and 
 1718 vary but little. 3. The Boke of Husbandrie, 1523, 4to. 
 Many eds. This is the first work in the English language 
 entirely devoted to agriculture. 4. The Boke of Survey 
 ing and Improuemets, 1523, 4to ; several eds. Respecting 
 these works, see Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 5. La Novel 
 Natura Brevium, 1534, 8vo. Between this and the, New 
 Natura Brevium, 9th ed., so called, with a Comment, 
 ascribed to Sir Matthew Hale, twenty imprints appeared. 
 For particulars of eds., <fcc. of this and Sir Anthony's 
 other works, see Marvin's Leg. Bibl.; Bibl. Brit.; Lown- 
 des's Bibl. Man. 
 
 " The Natura Brevium is esteemed an exact work, excellently 
 well penn'd, and hath been much admired by the noted men in 
 the common law." Athen. Ooron. 
 
 " An exact work, exquisitely penned." LORD COKE. 
 
 " He is observed in this book never to cite any authority but 
 where the case is rare and doubtfu] ; following herein the great 
 example of Sir Tho. Littleton in his famous Treatise on Tenures. 
 It was carefully reviewed and corrected by W. Kastal. who added 
 a table and some proper ornaments to what its excellent author 
 seems to have left unfinished." Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. 
 Lib., 190. 
 
 The Boke of Husbandrie has been ascribed to another 
 Anthony Fitzherbert, and also to John Fitzherbert, Sir 
 Anthony's brother, but we think in both cases without 
 sufficient reason. See Biog. Brit. ; Athen. Oxon. ; Shaw's 
 Staffordshire ; Bridgman's Leg. Bibl. 
 
 Fitzherhert, E. H. See FALCONER, THOMAS. 
 
 Fitzherbert, Nicholas, 1550?-1612, grandson of the 
 preceding, educated at Exeter Coll., Oxf., was a zealous 
 Roman Catholic, and became secretary to Cardinal Alan. 
 1. Casae Galataei de Bonis Moribus, Rome, 1595. A trans, 
 from the Italian. 2. Oxoniensis in Anglia Academics De- 
 scriptio, 1602, 8vo. 3. De Antiquitate et Continua,tione 
 Catholicae Religionis in Anglia, 1608, '38, Svo. 4. Vita9 
 Cardinalis Alani Epitome, 1608. 
 
 "Accounted eminent for his knowledge in both the laws and in 
 human literature." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Fitzherbert, Thomas, 1552-1640, cousin of the pre 
 ceding, and also a zealous Roman Catholic, was educated 
 at Oxford. In 1614 he became a Jesuit at Rome, and was 
 Rector of the English College in that city for 23 years. 
 He pub. a Treatise concerning Policy and Religion, Doway, 
 1606-10, 4to, and several tracts in defence of his Church, 
 for a list of which see Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Fitzherbert, Sir Wm., 1748-1791, of the same 
 family as the preceding, was educated at St. John's Coll., 
 Camb. 1. On the Knights Made in 1778. Ascribed to 
 him. 2. Revenue-Laws. 3. Maxims. 
 
 Fitzhugh, George. Sociology for the South; or, 
 The Failure of Free Society, Richmond, 1855, 12mo. 
 
 Fitzhugh, Wm. Henry, 1792-1830, V. Pres.of Amer. 
 Colonization Society. 1. Essays : Opinions in favour of the 
 Amer. Col. Soc., pub. in Richmond Inquirer, 1826. 2. 
 Speech at 9th Anniversary Amer. Col. Soc. 3. Review of 
 Tazewell's Report in Afric. Repos., 1828. 
 
 Fitz-James, James, Duke of Berwick. See BER 
 WICK. 
 
 Fits-James, Oswald. The Wandsworth Epistle. 
 In Metre, Lon., 1762, 4to. 
 
 Fitz- John, Matilda. Joan ! ! ! a Nov., 1796, 4 vols. 
 
 Fitzosborne, Sir Thomas, f. e. Melmoth, Wm., 
 
 q. v. 
 
 Fitzpatrick, H. Penal Laws affecting R. Catholics ; 
 pub. by order of the Catholic Committee, Dubl., 181*2, Svo. 
 
 Fitzpatrick, Sir Jeremiah. Slave Trade, 1797. 
 
 Fitzpatrick, John, M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 1784. 
 
 Fitzpatrick, R. W. Railway Rights, Lon., 1846, Svo. 
 
 Fitzsimon, Henry, 1569-1644, a native of Dublin, 
 educated at Oxford, was a zealous Jesuit. He wrote a Jus 
 tification of the Mass, 1611, 4to, a Cat. of the Irish Saints, 
 1621, Svo, and some other theolog. treatises, in defence of 
 his faith. See Athen. Oxon. 
 
 " The most noted Jesuit of his time." UU supra. 
 
 Fitzsmith, Richard. Ephemeris for 1654, 12mo. 
 
 Fitzroy, Capt. Robert. See DARWIN, CHARLES. 
 
 Fitzstephen, Wm., d. about 1191, an English histo 
 rian, was a monk of Canterbury, and a devoted adherent 
 of Archbishop Becket, whose Life he compiled in Latin 
 under the title of The Life and Passion of Archbishop 
 Becket, written, according to Dr. Pegge, between 1170 and 
 1 182. To this work is prefixed a description of the city of 
 London, the earliest we have after Domesday Book, a trans, 
 of which was pub. by Stowe in his Survey of London. 
 This edition being obsolete, and, indeed, incorrect, Dr. 
 Pegge pub. in 1772, 4to, an edit, with the Latin and Eng 
 lish, a Commentary, a Dissert, on the Author, and various 
 Readings and Annotations. 
 
 <l We may challenge any nation in Europe to produce an account 
 of its capital, or any account of its great cities, at so remote a pe 
 riod as the twelfth century." DR. PEQGE. 
 
 Fitzwaters, Col. Petition to H. Com., 1642, 4to. 
 
 Fitzwilliam, Charles William, Earl, in conjunc 
 tion with Sir Richard Bourke, edited the Correspondence 
 of Edmund Burke, 1774-97, Lon., 1844, 4 vols. Svo. 
 Reprinted in the new ed. of Burke's Works and Corresp., 
 1852, 8 vols. Svo. 
 
 Fitzwilliam, G. W. The Pleasures of Love, from 
 the Asiatic and European Languages, 1806; 2d ed., im 
 proved. 
 
 " His original poems are few in number, but they display both 
 taste and genius." Anti-Jacobin Rev., 1806. 
 
 Fitzwilliam, John, D.D., Canon of Windsor. erm., 
 Lon., 1683, 4to. Do., 1686, 12mo. 
 
 Fitzwilliam, William Wentworth, Earl, 1748- 
 1833, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, 1794-95. Two Letters 
 to the Earl of Carlisle, explaining the Causes of his Recall 
 from Ireland, 1795, 8vo. 
 
 Fizerburtus, Nic. See FITZHERBERT. 
 
 Fizes, M. Suppuration, Lon., 1759, Svo. 
 
 Flagg, Edmund, born in Wicasset, Maine, in 1815; 
 graduated at Bowdoin Coll., 1835; admitted to the bar, 
 1837 ; edited the St. Louis Daily Commercial Bulletin, 1838 ; 
 associate editor with George D. Prentice of the Louisville 
 Literary News-Letter, 1838-39; practised law in Vicks- 
 burg, Miss., with the Hon. Sargent S. Prentiss, 1840, <fcc.; 
 conductor of the Gazette, pub. at Marietta, Ohio, 1842; 
 conducted the St. Louis Evening Gazette, 1844-45 ; subse 
 quently Reporter of the Courts of St. Louis county ; secre 
 tary to the Hon. Edward A. Hannegan, American Minister 
 to Berlin, 1848; subsequently practised law at St. Louis; 
 U. States Consul for the Port of Venice, 1850 ; subsequently 
 conductor of a democratic newspaper at St. Louis. 
 
 In 1836 Mr. Flagg wrote Sketches of a Traveller, for the 
 Louisville Journal; these papers were afterwards pub. in 
 a work entitled The Far West, N. York, 1838, 2 vols. His 
 other works are Carrero, or the Prime Minister : a Novel ; 
 Francois of Valois: a Novel; The Howard Queen: a No 
 vel; Blanche of Artois : a Novel; several other novels, and 
 some dramas; Venice, The City of the Sea, 1797-1849, N. 
 York, 1853, 2 vols. 12mo. A third vol., to be entitled North 
 Italy since 1849, will shortly be given to the world. See 
 Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. Those who would have 
 a vivid conception of Venice in her latter days must not 
 fail to read Mr. Flagg's City of the Sea. 
 
 " A carefully-compiled, poetically-written digest of the history 
 of glorious old Venice." N. Y. Knickerbocker. 
 
 Flagg, J. F. B., M.D., a resident of Philadelphia, 
 was b. in Boston, Mass., 1804. Ether and Chloroform : 
 their Employment in Surgery, Dentistry, Midwifery, 
 Therapeutics, Ac., Phila., 1851, 12mo. This work has 
 been highly commended. 
 
 Flagg, Wilson. Studies in Field and Forest, Bosk, 
 1856, 12mo. Highly commended by Lon. Critic, Ac. 
 
 Flaherty, or O 'Flaherty, Roderic, an Irish his 
 torian, a native of Moycullin, county of Galway. Ogygia, 
 seu Rerum Hibernicarum Chronologia, Lon., 1685, 4to. 
 Trans, into Eng. by Rev. James Hely, Dubl., 1793, 2 vols. 
 Svo. See an account of this work in Ware's Ireland, by 
 Harris, and in Bishop Nicolson's Irish Hist. Lib. Flaherty 
 was something like an antiquarian : the Christian era was 
 with him quite a modern date. Let us see what he pro 
 mised the Duke of York : the italics are our own : 
 
 " His patron, the then Duke of York, afterwards King James 
 the Second, is encouraged to expect a complete chain of his royal 
 ancestors in a right line of an hundred and twenty-four generations 
 from Adam ; whereof eleven were before the flood, twenty-six between 
 that epocha and their settlement here, fifty-one in Ireland, and 
 thirty-six in Scotland; but afterwards he seems not to be sure of 
 making out the regal stem, without interruption, for above 2700 
 years." Bishop Nicolson's Irish Hist. Lib. 
 
 What a sad falling off! Quite a modern affair, after all. 
 
 " Dr. Loftus said that among all the chronological treatises of 
 Ireland which he had perused, he found none written with that 
 exactness, diligence, and judgment, as this." Ware's Ireland. 
 
 Flamsteed, John, 1646-1719, the first royal astro 
 nomer, a native of Denby, Derbyshire, was ordained by 
 Bishop Gunning in 1675, and received the living of Bur- 
 stow, Surrey, about 1684. He was devoted to astronomical 
 investigations, and pub. some treatises and a number of 
 papers in Phil. Trans., 1672-1713, upon his favourite pur 
 suit. His principal work, Historia Coalestis Britannieee, 
 libri duo, was not pub. in a complete shape until after his 
 death, when the necessary additions were made, and it was 
 given to the world in 1725, 3 vols. fol. This contains the 
 places of 2934 stars. An imperfect edit, was pub. in 1712, 
 fol., without Flamsteed's consent. In some respects it is 
 said to be more accurate than the authorized edit. It con- 
 
 601 
 
FLA 
 
 FLA 
 
 tains only 2680 stars. To the preceding work is often | 
 joined the Atlas Coelestis, 1729, '53, fol. Some of Flam- j 
 steed's MSS., discovered by Mr. Francis Baily in the Ob- j 
 servatory at Greenwich, together with some of his letters j 
 and autobiographical memoranda, were pub. in 1835 by j 
 order of the Lords of the Admiralty. To these we must 
 refer the reader, and also to the Biog. Brit, j Whiston's j 
 Life; Lysons's Environs; Ward's Gresham Professors; ; 
 Martin's Biog. Philosophica ; Button's Diet.; Chalmers's j 
 Biog. Diet 
 
 "The ffistoria Cdestis Britannica contains our first trustworthy j 
 catalogue of the fixed stars the first at least which is available 
 for modern objects; and the mass of lunar observations made by j 
 Flamsteed furnished Newton the means of carrying out and veri- j 
 fying his immortal discovery of Gravitation." JOHN P. NICHOL, 
 LL.D., Prrfes. of Astronomy in the Univ. of Glasgow. 
 
 The following remarks of M. Sigorgne, (1719-1809,) 
 Member of the Sorbonne, and Professor of Philosophy in 
 the Univ. of Paris, are interesting in this connection: 
 
 " With respect to the primary planets, the attraction of the sun 
 only is sufficient to oblige them to describe ellipses, but as they 
 ought also to attract each other, there was some room to apprehend ! 
 that the regularity of their motion might be thereby somewhat | 
 disturbed. We ought, however, to take Sir Isaac Newton's word 
 upon this head, since we shall presently see from what he has done, 
 that there is no reason to be in pain upon this account. According 
 to his observation, bodies attract each other in a direct proportion 
 of the quantities of matter they contain, and the converse propor 
 tion of the squares of their distances, and in ibis proportion it is 
 that the planets affect each other. Now if the Newtonian Philoso 
 phy be true, there is a certain method of knowing the quantity of 
 matter in the planets, and consequently of calculating the force of 
 their impressions; such a calculation being made, it appears that 
 Mars, our Earth, Venus, and Mercury, attract each other so little 
 in proportion to the force with which they are attracted by the sun, 
 that the disorder arising from thence must be altogether imper 
 ceptible in many revolutions; and hence there appears a wonder 
 ful agreement between the principles of this philosophy and the 
 phaenomena. But this agreement appears still more clearly in what 
 happens with respect to Jupiter and Saturn; the quantity of mat 
 ter in Jupiter is so great, that the calculation demonstrates the 
 effects of its attraction upon Saturn ought to be very sensible in 
 the time of their conjunction. Sir Isaac Newton predicted this to 
 the Astronomers Flamsteed and Halley, but the former of these 
 great men gave no credit at all to that prediction. However, the 
 conjunction of those two planets approaching, this singular obser 
 vation was made for the first time, and the consequence was, that 
 the calculation was exactly verified. This procured the Newtonian 
 Philosophy the approbation of so great an Astronomer as Flam- 
 steed; indeed it would have been very difficult for him to have 
 denied it." Preface aux Institutions Newtonienne.s, p. xvii., xviii. 
 
 "Galileo Galilei was the first who discovered four planets moving 
 constantly round Jupiter, from thence usually called his satellites, 
 which afterwards were observed to have a constant, regular, and 
 periodical motion. This motion is now so exactly known, that Mr. 
 Flamsteed, who is one of the most accurate observers that ever 
 was, has been able to calculate tables of the eclipses of the several 
 satellites, according to which, Astronomers in different quarters 
 of the world, having notion of the precise time when to look for 
 them, have found them to answer to his predictions, and published 
 their observations accordingly." DR. WM. WOTTON: Reflexions 
 upon Ancient and Modern Learning. 
 
 "Mr. Flamsteed, with indefatigable pains, for more than forty 
 years, watched the motions of the stars, and has given us innu 
 merable observations of the sun, moon, and planets, which he made 
 with very large instruments exactly divided by most exquisite art, 
 and fitted with telescopical sights." Da. JOHN KEIL: Pref. to his 
 Introduc. to the true Philos. See Biog. Brit. 
 
 Flanagan, S. W. and C. Kelly. Reports in Chan. 
 Bolls Ct. temp. Sir M. O'Loghlen, Dubl., 1843, 8vo. 
 
 Flanders, Henry, b. at Plainfield, New Hampshire. 
 1. A Treatise on Maritime Law, Bost., 1853, 8vo. 
 
 " It has been carefully and elegantly written, the authorities are 
 numerous, and appear to be cited with exactness, and within its 
 scope, it forms a complete treatise on the subject which it em 
 braces." Phila. Leg. Intel. 
 
 2. A Treatise of the Law of Shipping, Phila., 1853, 8vo. 
 " I think it is a valuable addition to our stock of Maritime 
 
 Laws, and that the author is well grounded in his trust that he 
 had done the profession some service. I have only been able to 
 bring it to their further notice, by citing it in the second edition 
 of my third volume of the Law of Evidence, now in press." S. 
 GREENLEAF: Cambridge, Sept. 5, 1853. 
 
 3. Lives and Times of the Chief Justices of the United 
 States: First Series. 1. John Jay. 2. John Rutledge, 
 Phila., 1855, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Flanders has written his work in a clear and concise style. 
 and has mingled with the biographical notices enough of the in 
 cidents and stirring mementoes of those times, to make the work 
 exceedingly interesting." Norton's (N. York) Lit. Gaz. 
 
 "Mr. Flnnders has fully comprehended the difficulties and du 
 ties of his task, and fans accomplished it with great skill and com 
 pleteness. . . . The author has access to original sources of in 
 formation, and considerable matter hitherto unpublished, shedding 
 
 new light on our earlier history, will be found in its pages." 
 
 American Law Register. 
 
 Second Series Wm. Gushing, Oliver Ellsworth, and John 
 
 Marshall was pub. in 1858, 8vo : see VAN SANTVOORD, 
 
 GEORGE. 4. Memoirs of Richard Cumberland, with Notes, 
 
 1856, 8vo : see CUMBERLAND, RICHARD. 
 
 602 
 
 Flather, John. 1. Index to Equity Reports, 1803- 
 22, Lon., r. 8vo, 1823-25. This forms a supt. to Bridg- 
 man's Equity Digest. 2. Ct. of Bkrupt. Act, 1832, 
 12mo. 3. New Bkrupt. Act, 2d ed., 1842, 12mo. 4. New 
 Stat. rel. to Insolv. & B., 1845, 12mo. 5. Bkrupt. Law 
 Consol. Act, 1849, 12rno. 
 
 Flatman, Thomas, 1633-1672, a native of London, 
 educated at Oxford, was skilled in law, painting, and 
 poetry. A collection of poems, entitled Virtus Rediviva, 
 <fcc., by T. F., pub. in 1660, may be his, but Wood will not 
 affirm it. In addition to minor pieces of his in verse and 
 prose, pub. separately, there appeared in 1674, '86, 8vo, 
 a collection of his poems and songs; also pub. 1676, '82, 
 '86. He composed Pindaric Odes on the death of the 
 Duke of Albemarle, the Earl of Ossory, Prince Rupert, 
 and Charles II. For that on the Earl of Ossory, the 
 Duke of Ormond, his father, presented the author with a 
 diamond ring worth 100. Granger does not value his 
 Pindarics very highly: 
 
 " Flatman really excelled as an artist : a man must want ears 
 for harmony that can admire his poetry, and even want eyes that 
 can cease to admire his painting. It does our author some honour 
 that Mr. Pope has very closely copied several of his verses, in his 
 ode of 'The Dying Christian to his Soul.' . . . Some of his taste 
 less contemporaries thought him equally excellent in both ; but 
 one of his heads is worth a ream of his Pindarics; I had almost 
 said all the Pindarics written in this reign. His works are ex 
 tremely scarce." Biog. Hist, o/ Eng. 
 
 Oldys, in the following epigram, refers to the three facul 
 ties in which he was skilled,viz.: Law, Painting, and Poetry : 
 " Should Flatman for his client strain the Laws, 
 The painter gives some colour to the cause; 
 Should critics censure what the Poet writ, 
 The pleader quits him at the bar of wit." 
 Charles Cotton highly commends Flatman's poems and 
 songs. 
 
 " these with force are writ, 
 
 As full of sinewy strength as well as wit." 
 It appears from the following bit of gossip of old An 
 thony Wood who dearly loves a sly joke that Master 
 Flatman, like many bachelors of modern times, sometimes 
 amused himself with ridiculing the connubial happiness 
 which he afterwards gladly embraced : 
 
 " This person was in his younger days much against marriage, 
 to the dislike of his father, and made a song describing the cuni- 
 brances with it, beginning thus : 
 
 ' Like a dog with a bottle ty'd close to his tail, 
 Like a tory in a bog, or a thief in a jayle,' &c. 
 But being afterwards smitten with a fair virgin, and more with 
 her fortune, [unkind Anthony !] did espouse her, 26th Nov., 1672, 
 whereupon bis ingenious comrades did serenade him that night 
 with the said song." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 This is just such a story as we might expect from such 
 a crusty old bachelor as Anthony a Wood. 
 
 Flatters, J. J. The Paradise Lost of Milton illus 
 trated : 54 Plates for Sculptors, Artists, Ac., Lon., 1851, fol. 
 Flavel, John. Tractatus de Demonstratione, Oxon., 
 1619, 8vo. 
 
 Flavel, John, 1627F-1691, an eminent Nonconformist 
 Calvinistic divine, a native of Worcestershire, was edu 
 cated at University Coll., Oxf. ; Rector of Diptford, De 
 vonshire, about 1650; removed to Dartmouth, 1656; 
 ejected for nonconformity, 1662. He was an excellent man, 
 and full of zeal in the cause of religion. 1. Husbandry 
 Spiritualized, Lon., 1669, 4to. 2. A Saint Indeed, 1673, 
 1803, 8vo. 3. Divine Conduct, 1678,1814, 8vo ; 1691, 
 12mo. 4. The Touchstone of Sincerity, 1679, 8vo. 5. Per 
 sonal Reformation, 1691, 12mo. 6. Remains, 1691, Svo. 
 7. Expos, of the Assemblie's Catechism, 1692, 8vo. 8. The 
 Soul of Man, 1698, 4to. 9. Method of Grace, 1698, 4to. 
 Works, 1673, 2 vols. fol.; 1701, 2 vols. fol.; 1740, 2 vols. 
 fol.; Paisley, 1770, 6 vols. Svo; Newcast., 1797, 6 vols. 
 Svo. Other eds. Many of his separate pieces have been 
 frequently pub. 
 
 New ed. of works, 1820, 6 vols. 8vo. Select Works, by 
 C. Bradley, 1823, 2 vols. 12mo. Select Works, with Life, 
 1833, Svo. Among the most esteemed of his works are 
 Husbandry Spiritualized, Navigation Spiritualized, The 
 Fountain of Life, Method of Grace, Divine Conduct. The 
 writings of but few authors have been so highly com 
 mended as those of John Flavel. 
 
 " Plain, popular, and tender; proper to address afflicted cases, 
 and to melt the soul in love. His Token for Mourners is inimi 
 table. Allusions to Pagan stories both in Butes and him are en 
 tertaining and useful." DB. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 " In Flavel you will find the true savour of plain, lively, useful 
 preaching." COTTON MATHER. 
 
 "Fervent and affectionate, with a masterly hand at probing the 
 conscience and striking the passions." HERVEY. 
 
 "Of Mr. Flavel's learning, his works contain sufficient evidence; 
 and his printed Sermons, which are a model for preachers, prove 
 him t have been a master of that species of eloquence which reign* 
 over the heart." BOGUE AND B.ENNKTT. 
 
FLA 
 
 FLE 
 
 " There are few writers of a more unexceptionable, experimental, ] 
 affectionate, practical, popular, arid edifying character than Fla- 
 ve l." Bicktrsteth's C. S. 
 
 The Token for Mourners is included in the vol. entitled 
 The Mourner's Companion, 1825, 12mo. See GORDON, 
 ROBERT. 
 
 Flavel, Phineas. The Grand Evil of the Disciple's 
 Heart Discovered, Lon., 1676, 8vo. 
 
 Flaxman, John, 1755-1826, an eminent English 
 sculptor, was a native of York, but at an early age removed 
 to London with his father, a manufacturer of plaster casts. 
 As a boy, much of his time was occupied in making mo 
 dels in clay, which evinced a remarkable genius for the 
 art in which he afterwards became so eminent. In 1787 
 he visited Rome, where, during a residence of seven years, 
 he executed his celebrated designs in outline from Homer, 
 JEschylus, and Dante. The three series were engraved for 
 him by Piroli. The designs from the Iliad and Odyssey 
 were made for Mr. Hare Naylor; those from Dante for 
 Mrs. Thomas Hope ; and those from jEschylus for the late 
 Countess Spencer. The Homer was pub. in 1793, 4to; 
 again, with addit. plates, 1805, 2 vols. fol. ; the ^Eschylus 
 in 1795 ; again, 1831, fol. ; Dante in 1807, ob. fol. j Hesiod 
 made after his return to England, 1817, ob. fol. There 
 have been Italian, French, and German eds., of which we 
 notice especially the (Euvres de Flaxman, par M. Nitot, 
 Dufresne, Paris, 1823, which contains the Homer, JEs- 
 chylus, and Hesiod, with text. Whilst at Rome, he also 
 executed for the late Earl of Bristol his magnificent group, 
 representing the Fury of Athamas, from Ovid's Metamor 
 phoses, consisting of four figures larger than life. For 
 this he received a sum insufficent to defray the cost 
 600. This group is preserved at Ickworth, the seat of 
 the Earl of Bristol, in Suffolk. At this period also he 
 produced his "Cephalus and Aurora," for Mr. Hope. In 
 1794 he returned to England, and commenced the monu 
 ment to Lord Mansfield, now in Westminster Abbey, for 
 which he had received an order before he left Rome. For 
 this he was paid 2500. Among his other works may be 
 mentioned the monument to Lord Nelson, the figure of 
 Sir Joshua Reynolds, the monument to the family of Sir 
 Francis Baring, in Micheldean Church, Satan and Mi 
 chael, for Lord Egremont, the monument to Collins, the 
 poet, in Chichester Cathedral, the monument to Miss 
 Cromwell, to Earl Howe, to Warren Hastings, to Lord 
 and Lady Palmerston, and the beautiful design of The 
 Shield of Achilles, (See Homer's Iliad, Book xviii.) for 
 Messrs. Rundell and Bridge. For this last he received 
 620, and four casts of it were taken in silver gilt, each 
 estimated at 2000. This is one of his greatest productions. 
 "A divine work, unequalled in the combination of beauty, 
 vanity, and grandeur, which the genius of Michael Angelo could 
 not have surpassed." SIR THOMAS LAWRENCE. 
 
 In 1831 (ob. fol.) were pub. his eight beautiful composi 
 tions of The Acts of Mercy, in the manner of ancient 
 sculpture, engraved, in imitation of the original drawings, 
 by F. C. Lewis. His Lectures on Sculpture, as delivered 
 by him at the Royal Academy, illustrated by 52 plates, 
 appeared in 1829. New cd., with addits., and an Address 
 on the Death of Flaxman, 1838, 8vo. We have already 
 lingered over the memory of this eminent sculptor for a 
 greater length of time than can well be justified in a Dic 
 tionary of Literature, but cannot conclude without record 
 ing some tributes from eminent authorities to the merits 
 of one who has been denominated by judges of no con 
 temptible authority including even Canova himself the 
 greatest sculptor of modern times. 
 
 "The greatest of modern sculptors was our illustrious country 
 man, John Flaxman. lie not only had all the fine feeling of the 
 ancient Greeks, (which Canova in a degree possessed.) but united 
 to it a readiness of invention and a simplicity of design truly asto 
 nishing. Though Canova wan his superior in the manual part, 
 high finishing, yet in the higher qualities, poetical feeling, and in 
 vention, Flaxman was as superior to Canova as Shakspeare to the 
 dramatists of his day." SIR RICHARD WESTMACOTT. 
 
 " Flaxman was one of the few the very few who confer real 
 and permanent glory on the country to which they belong. His 
 genius was of that vast and lofty nature which is beyond the reach 
 of ordinary or immediate appreciation, and which grows gradually 
 and imperceptibly on the estimation of mankind. His unequalled 
 compositions from Homer, JSschylus. and Hesiod, have long been 
 the admiration of Europe. Of their simplicity and beauty the pen 
 is quite incapable of conveying an adequate impression. . . . Not 
 even in Kaffaele have the gentler feelings and sorrows of human 
 nature been traced with more touching pathos than in the various 
 designs and models of this estimable man." SIR THOMAS LAWRENCE. 
 " Flaxman has translated Dante best, for he has translated it into 
 the universal language of nature." LORD BYRON. 
 
 " The progeny of Flaxman's pencil and chisel were of the highest 
 rank: there is a prodigious affluence of imagination in all his 
 ketches and drawings." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM. 
 
 As Mr. Cunningham was equally at home in the Fine 
 
 Arts and in letters, we quote his opinion of Flaxman's Lec 
 tures : 
 
 "These Lectures, as literary compositions, containing a clear 
 and commanding view of sculpture, ancient and modern abun 
 dant in just sentiments and wise remarks, and such professional 
 precepts as only experience can supply merit more regard than 
 :hey have as yet received. The account of the Gothic sculpture 
 n England is as rich as a chapter of old romance, and infinitely 
 more interesting. The whole of the Lectures on Beauty and Com 
 position ought to be familiar to the mind of every student. The 
 Drder of their arrangement is natural, and there is good sense and 
 a feeling for all that is noble and heroic scattered over every 
 
 But we have seen that the only one who could complain 
 of Flaxman having the first post assigned to him among 
 modern sculptors had consented to the verdict that places 
 him in this proud position. We give his own words : 
 
 "You come to Rome, and admire my works, while you possess, 
 in your own country, in Flaxman, an artist whose designs excel 
 in classical grace all that I am acquainted with in modern art." 
 CANOVA. 
 
 Flaxmer, Sarah. Satan Revealed, Ac., with a Tes 
 timony that R. Brothers is a Prophet from the Lord, 4to. 
 Fleckie, Andrew. Answer to Sir F. Burdett's arg. 
 rel. to the power of the H. of Com. to imprison persons not 
 Members, Lon., 1810, 8vo. 
 
 Flecknoe, Richard, an English poet and dramatist, 
 temp. Charles II., is better known from Dryden's having 
 borrowed his name as a scourge for the punishment of 
 Shadwell, than for his own productions. Dryden held 
 Flecknoe in great contempt, which was naturally aug 
 mented when the latter was named poet-laureate in his 
 stead. Shadwell subsequently held the same office, and 
 hence Dryden ridicules him as the poetical son of Flecknoe. 
 
 1. The Affections of a Pious Soul unto Christ, Lon., 1640, 
 8vo. 2. Miscellanea, or Poems of all Sorts; with divers 
 other pieces, 1653, 12mo. 3. Diarium, Ac., 1656, 12mo. 
 4. Love's Dominion ; a Dramatic Piece, 1654. Reprinted 
 as Love's Kingdom; a Pastoral Tragi-Com., 1664, 12mo. 
 At the end of Love's Dominion is a Short Treatise on the 
 English Stage 
 
 " Which I take to be the best thing he has extant." Lang- 
 baine's Dramat. Poets. 
 
 5. Heroic Portraits, Ac., 1660, 8vo. 6. Ermina, or The 
 Chast Lady; a Tragi-Com., 1661, 4to. 7. Damoiselles a 
 la Mode, 1667, 4to. 8. Sir Wm. D'Avenant's Voy. to the 
 other World, 1668, 8vo. 9. Epigrams and Enigmatical 
 Characters, 1669, 70, '73, '75, 8vo. 10. Marriage of Oce- 
 anus and Britannia. 11. A Relation of Ten Years Travel 
 in Europe, Asia, Affrique, and America, by way of Letters; 
 with other Historical, Moral, and Political Pieces; sine 
 anno, sed circa 1654, 8vo. 
 
 Malone unites in Dryden's ridicule of Flecknoe see hia 
 Life of Dryden ; but Southey thinks more favourably of 
 him see Southey's Omnia. 
 
 " His acquaintance with the Nobility was more than with the 
 Muses; and he had a greater propensity to Kiming than a Genius 
 to Poetry. He never could arrive, with all bis industry, to get 
 but one play to be acted, [Love's Kingdom ; ' it bad the misfortune 
 to be damn'd by the Audience,'] and yet he has printed several. 
 . . . But Mr. Fiecknoe was to make the best of a Bad Market; and 
 since he could not get his Plays acted, he was to endeavour to get 
 them read, by labouring to persuade people that Imagination 
 would supply the defect of Action." Langbaine's Dramatic l\>ets. 
 
 " The last thing that Flecknoe would think of as the cause of 
 his plays being rejected, was his own want of merit. It is probable 
 he had not the slightest suspicion of such a thing. He seems, 
 indeed, to have been a vain, busy coxcomb, who thought it genteel 
 ' rather to affect,' to use his own expression. ' a little negligence 
 than too great curiosity' in his writings. He attempted to write 
 smartly rather than tersely; wittily rather than seriously; ingeni 
 ously rather than profoundly. But although he has not the 
 slightest claim to be- considered a man of genius, we cannot deny 
 him the praise of fancy and ingenuity : and that he had these two 
 qualities we shall proceed to adduce our proofs." Lon. Reirospejc. 
 Rev., v. 267, 268, 1822. 
 
 See, in addition to works cited above, Cibber's Lives; 
 Ware's Ireland, by Harris; Ellis's Specimens. 
 
 Fleet, Charles. Four Serms., Salisb., 1796, 8vo. 
 
 Fleet, Edward. Address & Reply, Lon., 1777, 8vo. 
 
 Fleetwood, Mrs. Let. to Mr. Madan rel. to the rec 
 tory of Aldwinkle, Lon., 1767, 8vo. : ^ ' 
 
 Fleetwood, Charles, Lord-Deputy of Ireland during 
 the Usurpation. His Petition to the Parliament of Eng., 
 1659, fol. His Answer, Ac., 4to. 
 
 Fleetwood, Everard. Inquiry into the Customary 
 Estates, Ac. of those who hold lands of Church and other 
 foundations, Ac., 1731, 8vo; Dubl., 1748, 8vo. Answered 
 by Henry Gaily, D.D., in the same year. 
 
 Fleetwood, John, D.D. 1. The Christian Prayer 
 Book, Lon., 1772, 12mo. 2. Christian Dictionary, 1773, 
 4to. 3. Life of Christ, and the Lives of the Apostles, John 
 the Baptist, and the Virgin Mary, Glasg., 1813, 8vo. Fre 
 quently printed. 
 
FLE 
 
 Fleetwood, Col. William. An Unhappy View 
 of the Behaviour of my Lord Duke of Buckingham at the 
 Isle of Rhee, Lon., 1648. 
 
 Fleetwood, William, d. 1603, Recorder of London 
 temp. Elizabeth. 1. Oration, Lon., 1571, 12mo. 2. Anna- 
 Hum tarn Regum Bdwardii V., &c., 1579, '97. 
 
 " Rather looked on as a table or index to the year-book than 
 any historical treatise." Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib. 
 
 3. Office of a Justice of the Peace, 1657, 8vo, Posth. 
 
 4. Table on the Reports of Edmund Plowden, in French. 
 
 5. Latin Verses prefixed to Sir Thos. Chaloner's Repub. 
 Anglorum instauranda. 6. Notes upon Lambarde's Archei- 
 on. He is said to have contributed to the last of the old 
 edits, of Holinshed. 
 
 Fleetwood, William, D.D., 1656-1723, of the same 
 family with Lord-Deputy Charles Fleetwood, was born in 
 the Tower of London. He was educated at Eton and 
 King's Coll., Camb., and became Rector of St. Austin's, 
 London, and Lecturer of St. Dunstan's in the West; Canon 
 of Windsor, 1702; Bishop of St. Asaph, 1706; trans, to 
 Ely, 1714. He pub. a number of serins., theolog. treatises, 
 Ac. ; see Bibl. Brit. Weston ascribes to him a work not 
 mentioned by Watt, viz., Curiosities of Nature and Art in 
 Husbandry and Gardening, 1707, 8vo. His Essay on Mi 
 racles, 1701, 8vo, excited some controversy, and elicited 
 treatises by Bishop Hoadly and Gilbert. 
 
 "The two main Principles of this Book that none but God can 
 work a true Miracle, and that it cannot be supposed that a true 
 Miracle was ever wrought in opposition to a doctrine established 
 on true principles were opposed by Bp. Hoadly in a letter to Bp. 
 Fleetwood, 8vo, 1702; and the reading of the two tracts occasioned 
 Mr. Locke writing his Discourse on Miracles. 1 ' 
 
 Among the best known of Fleetwood's works is Chroni- 
 con Preciosum : an Account of Money, Price of Corn, 
 Wages, Ac., iu England, for 600 Years last past, 1707, 8vo; 
 2d ed., 1745, 8vo. 
 
 "This work contains the best account of prices published in 
 England previously to that given by Sir F. M. Eden." McCulloclCs 
 Lit. of P-tlit. Earn. 
 
 A collective edit, of his works was pub. in 1737, fol., 
 under the title of A Complete Collection of the Sermons, 
 Tracts, and Pieces of all kinds, that were written by Bishop 
 Fleetwood. He was considered the best preacher of his 
 day. When one of the ladies of the bed-chamber asked 
 the Queen whom she intended to make Bishop of St. Asaph, 
 her Majesty replied: 
 
 "One whom you will be pleased with; whom you have lately 
 heard preach [he had just officiated as chaplain]: I intend it for 
 Dr. Fleetwood." 
 
 His sermons are recommended by Bishop Cleaver. 
 " Surnamed silver-tongued ; remarkable for easy and proper ex 
 pressions. He considers several cases, which, though often occur 
 ring in human life, are seldom taken notice of in sermons. On 
 this account he may be consulted with advantage. In respect of 
 true politeness he has been equalled by few. His sermons on Rela 
 tive Duties are good; but his Four Funeral Sermons show the 
 orator much more." DR. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 Dr. Doddridge refers to the serm. on 1. The death of Q. 
 Mary; 2. The Duke of Gloucester; 3. K. William; 4. Mr. 
 Noble. 
 
 Fleming and Tibbins. Royal Dictionary of the 
 French and Eng. Languages, Lon., 1849, 2 vols. 4to, 3 3s. 
 Amer. ed. by J. Dobson, Phila., 8vo; another ed., sq. 12mo. 
 "Incomparably the best dictionary of the two languages ex 
 tant." Lon. At/ien(Eum. 
 
 Fleming, Abraham, Rector of St. Pancras, London, 
 was known in his day as an industrious translator from the 
 Latin and Greek, and as the author of some minor devo 
 tional and other pieces, which are now known only to the 
 literary antiquary. His publications range from 1575 to 
 1586. He trans, from Virgil, Elian, Cicero, Tully, Iso- 
 crates, Pliny, Synesius, Ac. His Manual of Prayers was 
 pub. in 1586, 16mo, and his Verborum Latinorum, Ac., in 
 1583, fol. Notices of bis pieces will be found in Herbert, 
 Peck, Ritson. Tanner, Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry, Cen- 
 eura Lit., and the Brit. Bibliog. 
 
 "I must not forget that the same Webb [Wm.] ranks Abraham 
 Fleming, as a translator, after Barnabie Gorge, the translator of 
 Palingenius's Zodiack, not without a compliment to the poetry and 
 learning of his brother Famuel, whose excellent inventions, he 
 adds, had not yet been made public." Warton's Hist. Eng. Poet. 
 
 Fleming, Alexander, minister of Neilston, Renfrew 
 shire, pub. Letters and Answers in 1808 rel. to the intro 
 duction of an organ the first attempt since the Reforma 
 tion into the Church of Scotland. He also pub. Letters to 
 a Young Friend, 1810. Examination of Resolutions, Ac., 
 1814, 8vo. 
 
 Fleming, Caleb, 1698-1779, a Socinian, in 1752 sue 
 ceeded Dr. James Foster, at Pinner's Hall. He pub. many 
 theolog. treatises, principally controversial, 1735-78, which 
 are now forgotten. His Survey of the Search after Souls, 
 by Coward, Clarke, Baxter, Law, Ac., was pub. in 1758, 8vo 
 
 FLE 
 
 "His writings might have been more generally acceptable and 
 iseful. if they had been free from a certain quaintness and obscu- 
 ity of style. Aiming at originality and strength of expression, he 
 ften lost perspicuity, and never attained to elegance. Dr. Kip- 
 >is's Life of Lardner. 
 
 Fleming, Curtis. Serm., Ac., 1795, 8vo. 
 
 Fleming, Giles. 1. Serin., Lon., 1634. 2. Stemma 
 Sacrum : the Royal Progeny delineated, 1660, 8vo. 
 
 Fleming, James. Irish and Eng. Statutes rel. to his 
 Majesty's Revenues in Ireland, Dubl., 1741, 4to. 
 
 Fleming, James, Surgeon and Man-midwife. Trea- 
 ise on the Formation of the Human Species, Ac., Lon., 
 .768, 12mo. 
 
 Fleming, John, D.D., Prof, of Nat. Philos. in the 
 Univ. and King's Coll., Aberdeen. 1. On a Bed of Fossil 
 Shells. Annals of Phil., 1814. 2. Junction of the Rivers 
 and the Sea. Trans. Roy. Soc., Edin., 1817. 3. Molluso- 
 >us Animals, including Shell Fish, Lon., 1837, p. 8vo. 
 
 "Distinguished by a perfect knowledge of the very curious and 
 nteresting subject of which it treats, by a severe and searching 
 analysis of the evidence, and a clear and masterly arrangement of 
 ,he multifarious details connected with it."Glasg. Constitutional. 
 
 4. Hist, of British Animals, 1842, 8vo. A work of high 
 luthority. 
 
 Fleming, Malcolm. See FLEMYNG. 
 
 Fleming, Patrick, baptized Christopher, 1599- 
 1631, an Irish Catholic Franciscan, Lecturer on Divinity 
 at Prague, was murdered by some peasants, when that city 
 svas besieged by the Elector of Saxony in 1631. 1. Col 
 lectanea Sacra, or Lives of Irish and Scotch Saints, witk 
 edits, by Thos. Sirini, Louvain, 1667, fol. 2. Abridgt. of 
 Ohronicon consecrati Petri Ratisbonae. He supplied Ward 
 with materials for his Lives of the Irish Saints. The works 
 of the three abbots, Columban, Aileran, and Curnean, in 
 the Bibl. Patrum, are avowedly taken from Fleming. 
 
 Fleming, Peter. Land Surveying, Pt. 1, Glasg., 
 1815, 4to. 
 
 Fleming, Robert, 1630-1694, a native of Bathens, 
 Scotland, was educated at the Univ. of Edin., and at that 
 of St. Andrew's, where he studied divinity under Samuel 
 Rutherford. He became minister at Cambuslang, Clydes 
 dale ; ejected, 1662 ; took charge of a Scotch congregation 
 at Rotterdam, where he died in 1694. 1. The Fulfilling 
 of the Scripture, in three Parts, Lon., 1681, 2 vols. 12mo; 
 many eds. ; 5th and best ed., with Author's Life and a Fu 
 neral Serm. by Daniel Burgess, 1726, fol. ' 
 
 " An elaborate view of the operations of Providence in preserving 
 the Church through all the vicissitudes of ecclesiastical history." 
 2. Serm. and Discourses, 1692-1704. 3. The Confirming 
 Work of Religion, 1693, sra. 8vo. 
 
 Fleming, Robert, Jr., d. 1716, son of the preceding, 
 and a native of Scotland, was educated at home, at Ley- 
 den, and at Utrecht. He became minister of the English 
 church at Leyden, subsequently of the Scotch church at 
 Amsterdam, and afterwards of a Scotch church at Loth- 
 bury, London. 1. Poet. Paraphrase on the Song of Solo 
 mon, with other Poems, Lon., 1691, 8vo. 2. Funl. Serm., 
 1692, 8vo. 3. Discourses on several subjects, viz. The 
 Rise and Fall of Papacy, Ac., 1701, 8vo; 1st ed. of great 
 rarity. The first Discourse was repub. in 1793, 8vo, under 
 the title of Apocalyptical Key. Late eds., entitled The 
 Rise and Fall of Papacy, 1848, '49, '50. In this celebrated 
 discourse are many predictions which coincide most re 
 markably with events in the early history of the French 
 Revolution, at the close of the last century. Fleming in 
 1701 expressed his belief that the Fifth Vial would be 
 poured out on the Sign of the Beast, beginning in 1794, 
 and more especially in 1848, in which he expected that 
 those events would commence which would undermine 
 Papal authority, and lead to its complete destruction. 
 
 ' The remarkable conjectures of Fleming rest on sound princi 
 ples of interpretation." Ch. of Eng. Quar. Rev. 
 
 " Perhaps the most remarkable work on Prophecy that has ever 
 appeared." Lon. Watchman. 
 
 4. Discourse on the Death of King William, 1702, 8vo. 
 5. Christology, 1705-08, 3 vols. 8vo. Abridged, Edin., 
 1795, 8vo. 
 
 " The author did not complete his plan, which is much to be re 
 gretted ; as he possessed a powerful and very original mind. Many 
 ingenious thoughts occur in the Christology, and many passages 
 of Scripture are placed in a new light." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 " Many original remarks and valuable thoughts." Bickersteth's 
 
 a s. 
 
 6. The First Resurrection, 1708. 7. Discourses, Edin., 
 1790, 12mo. 8. Discourse and Serm., 1793, 8vo. 9. Spe 
 culum Davidicum Redivivum. 10. Theocrity ; or the Di 
 vine Right of Nations. 11. The Mirrour of Divine Love; 
 with a Dramatic Poem called the Monarchical Image, or 
 Nebuchadnezzar's Dream. 12. The Hist, of Hereditary 
 Right Fleming was eminent for piety and learning. 
 
FLE 
 
 Fleming, Samuel. 1. Merits and Demerits of Oppo 
 sition, 1797, 8vo. 2. Utility of the Learned Languages, 
 1807, 8vo. 
 
 Fleming, Rev. Thomas. Agitation of the waters 
 of Loch Tay; Trans. Roy. Soc., Edin., 1788. 
 
 Fleming, Rev. W., d. 1742. Poetical Epistle to the 
 Rev. Erasmus Head. 
 
 Fleming, Wm.,D.D. Gazetteer of the 0. and N. Tests., 
 with Nat. Hist, of the Bible, Ac., Edin., 1838, 2 vols. r. 8vo. 
 
 Flemming, Rev. Francis. Kaffraria and its in 
 habitants, Lon., 1853, p. 8vo. 
 
 Flemming, or Flemmynge, Robert, d. 1483, Dean 
 of Lincoln, 1451, nephew of Richard Flemming, Bishop of 
 Lincoln, wrote a Dictionarum Grseco-Latinum, Carmina di- 
 versi generis, Epistolarum ad diversas, a Latin Poem in 
 praise of Pope Sixtus IV., Ac. See Biog. Brit.; Leland; 
 Bale; Pits. 
 
 Flemyng, or Fleming, Malcolm, M.D., of Brigg, 
 pub. several professional works, a list of which will be 
 found in the Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Flesher, Rev. John, editor of Arvine's Cyc. of Moral 
 and Religious Anecdotes, Lon. and Glasg., 1850, 12mo. 
 See ARVINE, T. 
 
 Flesher, Thomas. The Laws of Honour, or an Ac 
 count of the Suppression of Duels in France, Lon., 1685, 
 8vo, pp. 198. Dedicated to Henry Howard, Duke of Nor 
 folk. See SABINE, LORENZO. We have already, more than 
 once, in the course of this volume, expressed our views 
 respecting the so-called Laws of Honour. 
 
 Fleta. See SELDEN, JOHN. 
 
 Fletcher. Charge to Grand Jury of Wexford, 1815. 
 
 Fletcher, Abraham, 1714-1793, a self-taught mathe 
 matician, botanist, and physician, of obscure parentage, 
 was a native of Little Broughton, Cumberland. 1. Uni 
 versal Measurer, Whitehaven, 1753, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Uni 
 versal Measurer and Mechanic, Lon., 1763, 8vo. 
 
 Fletcher, Alexander, D.D., of Finsbury Chapel, 
 London. 1. The Devotional Family Bible, Lon., 2 vols. 
 4to. 2. Guide to Family Devotion, containing 730 Hymns, 
 730 Prayers, and 730 Passages of Scripture, with appro 
 priate Reflections, 4to; 30th ed. of 1000 each. 
 
 " 30,000 copies of a book of common prayer, recommended by 25 
 distinguished ministers, whose names are given, and who include 
 some of the most prominent of the day, cannot be dispersed 
 throughout England without working some considerable change 
 in the minds of probably 200,000 persons." Lon. Times. 
 
 The sale to 1850 had reached from 40,000 to 50,000 
 copies. Testimonials have also been sent by nearly 100 
 divines of America. 3. Sabbath School Preacher, 1849, 
 12ino. 4. Addresses to the Young, 1851, fp. 8vo. 
 
 " We do not know of any terms that can adequately express the 
 value of these Addresses." British Mothers' Ma.gu.zinc.. 
 
 " For simplicity of style, attractiveness of form, richness of theo 
 logy, and touching illustrative fects, these Addresses are unri 
 valled." Wesley Banner. 
 
 "A little work of great merit. Dr. Fletcher, better than any 
 other living man, is fitted for a juvenile auditory. It is a charm 
 ing volume for the young." Standard of Freedom. 
 
 5. Mental Culture ; Addressed especially to Young Men 
 engaged in Commercial Pursuits, with an Introduction by 
 Dr. A. F.; 7th thousand. 
 
 " Small in size, but very considerable in value. We are not a 
 little pleased to find that 7000 copies of it are now in the hands 
 of the public a fact that speaks well for the young men of our 
 day." British Banner. 
 
 Mr. Fletcher is the author of several other works. , 
 
 Fletcher, Andrew, 1653-1716, a son of Sir Robert 
 Fletcher, of Saltoun, Scotland, filled several political posts 
 of importance, and was distinguished for his republican 
 zeal. He pub. discourses on the Affairs of Scotland, on 
 Government, Speeches, Ac. A collection of his Political 
 Works was pub., Lon., 1722, 8vo; eds. in 1732, '37, Svo; 
 Glasg., 1749, 12mo. 
 
 "A zealous asserter of the liberties of the people." 
 
 This work contains two discourses concerning the affairs 
 of Scotland, written in 1693. 
 
 " The indignities and oppression Scotland lay under galled him 
 to the heart, so that in his learned and elaborate discourses he ex 
 posed them with undaunted courage and pathetic eloquence." 
 
 LOCKHART. 
 
 An Essay on his Life and Writings was pub. by the Earl 
 of Buchan. See BUCHAN, DAVID. See Chambers's Lives 
 of Illust. and Dist. Scotsmen. A notice of his Works will 
 be found in the Retrosp. Rev., iv. 100-115. 
 
 " He was by far the most nervous and correct speaker in the 
 parliament of Scotland, for he drew his style from the pure models 
 of antiquity, and not from the grosser practical oratory of his con 
 temporaries; so that his speeches will bear a comparison with the 
 best speeches of the reign of Queen Anne, the Augustan age of 
 Great Britain." EARL OF BUCHAN. 
 
 " He was always an admirer of both ancient and modern repub- 
 
 FLE 
 
 lies, but showed a sincere and honest inclination towards tho 
 honour and interest of his country." LOCKHART. 
 
 A contemporary writer applauds him as 
 
 "A gentleman steady in his principles, of nice honour, with 
 abundance of learning; brave as the sword he wears, and bold as 
 a lion a sure friend, and an irreconcilable enemy would lose 
 his life readily to serve his country, and would not do a base thing 
 to save it." 
 
 The sentiment of the last clause is admirable, and pre 
 sents an honourable contrast to the foolish and wicked 
 maxim of "Our country right or wrong." Heaven is 
 always in the right; and when my country is wrong, I lack 
 either principle or courage if I refuse or fear to condemn 
 her. The eternal distinction between right and wrong is 
 older than my country and holier than my prejudices. 
 
 It is in a Letter to the Marquis of Montrose, Ac., en 
 titled, An Account of a Conversation, Ac., Edin., 1704, 8vo, 
 that occurs a celebrated saying, erroneously ascribed to 
 the Earl of Chatham : 
 
 " I knew a very wise man that believed that if a man were per 
 mitted to make all the ballads, he need not care who should make 
 the laws, of a nation." 
 
 Fletcher, Anne. Study of Hist, rendered Easy, Lon., 
 1800, 2 vols. 12mo. In association with Saud F. Dutton. 
 
 Fletcher, Rev. Anthony. Certaine very proper and 
 most profitable similes, Lon., 1595, 4to. A religious work. 
 
 Fletcher, Archibald. 1. Reform proposed in the 
 Royal Burghs, Edin., 1819, 8vo. 2. Examination rel. to 
 do., 1825, 8vo. 
 
 Fletcher, Benjamin. His Treaty with the Indians 
 of the Five Nations, N. York, 1694, 8vo. 
 
 Fletcher, C. Estates of Trustees, Lon., 1835, 12mo. 
 
 Fletcher, Charles, M.D. 1. Maritime State ; Health 
 of Seamen, Dubl., 1786, 8vo. 2. The Cock- Pit; a Poem, 
 1787, 4to. 3. The Naval Guardian, Lon., 1800, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Fletcher, Christian. Letters and Narrative of the 
 Mutiny on Board the Bounty, Lon., 1796, 12mo. 
 
 "This rare and curious little volume is quite at variance with 
 the ordinary account, according to which Christian was killed by 
 the natives soon after the mutiny." 
 
 Fletcher, E. Serm., 1742. 
 
 Fletcher, Francis. The World encompassed by Sir 
 Francis Drake ; collected out of his Notes, Lon., 1628, 4to. 
 See DRAKE, SIR FRANCIS. 
 
 Fletcher, George. The Nine English Worthies, 
 Ac. See FLETCHER, ROBERT. 
 
 Fletcher, Giles, LL.D., d. 1610, uncle of John Flet 
 cher, the dramatic poet, was educated at King's Coll., Camb. 
 In 1588 he was English Ambassador to Russia, and on his 
 return wrote a curious account Of the Russe Common 
 Wealth, pub. 1590, Svo. It was promptly suppressed for 
 fear of giving offence to the Russian court. It was re 
 printed in 1643, 12mo, and is inserted, somewhat abridged, 
 in Hakluyt's Navigations, Voyages, Ac., vol. i. 2. Israel 
 Redux; an Essay on probable grounds that the Tartars 
 are the posterity of the X. Tribes. Printed with an Essay 
 on the Jews, by Samuel Lee, 1677, 12mo. This opinion 
 was adopted by Whiston, who printed the treatise in vol. 
 i. of his Memoirs. 
 
 Fletcher, Giles, 1588?-1623, son of the preceding, 
 and brother of Phineas Fletcher, was educated at Eton and 
 at Trin. Coll., Camb., and on taking holy orders obtained 
 the living of Alderton, Suffolk. He was the author of a 
 poem which has been greatly admired, entitled, Christ's 
 Victory and Triumph in Heaven and Earth over and after 
 Death, Camb., 1610, 4to; 1632, '40. Again, in 1783, Svo, 
 with Phinfeas Fletcher's Purple Island. In this ed. alte 
 rations have been made. New ed., 1824, from the ed. of 
 1610, with a biog. sketch of the author. 
 
 " A poem rich and picturesque, and on a much happier subject 
 than that of his brother, [see FLETCHER, PHINEAS,] yet unenlivened 
 by personification." Headley's Select Beauties of Ancient Eng. Poet. 
 
 " Giles seems to have more vigour than his elder brother, but 
 less sweetness, less smoothness, and more affectation in his style. 
 . . . They both bear much resemblance to Spenser. Giles some 
 times ventures to cope with him, even in celebrated passages, 
 such as the description of the Cave of Despair ; and he has had the 
 honour, in turn, of being followed by Milton, especially in the first 
 meeting of our Saviour with Satan in the Paradise Regained." 
 Hallam's Introduc. to Lit. of Europe. 
 
 " Giles, inferior as he is to Spenser and Milton, might be figured, 
 in his happiest moments, as a link of connection in our poetry be 
 tween those congenial spirits, for he reminds us of both, and evi 
 dently gave hints to the latter in a poem on the same subject with 
 Paradise Regained.' "Campbell's Eng. Poet. 
 
 Anthony Wood tells us that Giles was 
 
 " Equally beloved of the muses and graces." Atlien. Oxon. 
 
 Fletcher, J. P., Curate of South Hampstead. 1 . Nar 
 rative of a Two Years' Residence at Nineveh, 1850, 2 vols. 
 p. Svo. 
 
 " It forms an instructive pendant to Mr. Layard's exclusively 
 antiquarian researches." John Butt. 
 
FLE 
 
 FLE 
 
 2. The Autobiography of a Missionary, 1853, 2 vols. p.8vo. 
 
 < We conscientiously recommend this book, as well for its amu 
 sing character as for the spirit it displays of earnest piety." Lon. 
 Standard. 
 
 Fletcher, James, 1811-1832, of London, for some 
 time assistant in a school, committed suicide in a fit of 
 temporary insanity. Chozar and Sela. The Siege of Da 
 mascus. The Gem, and other Poems. Hist, of Poland, 
 Lon., 1831, 8yo. 
 
 "The writer of this History has brought to his undertaking 
 much learning, great industry and patience in research, and the 
 most unbiassed candour." 
 
 "The literary matter is well enough put together for a tempo 
 rary purpose, being intelligible without pretension to elegance." 
 Lon. Lit. Gaz., June 18, 1831. 
 
 Fletcher, James C., b. 1823, at Indianapolis; grad. 
 at Brown Univ., 1846 ; studied theology at Princeton, and 
 Geneva, Switzerland. Brazil and the Brazilians, Portrayed 
 in Historical and Descriptive Sketches, by J. C. F. and D. 
 P. Kidder, D.D., Phila., 1857, Svo; illust. See KIDDER, D. P. 
 
 " It is certainly a remarkable monument of research and nice 
 observation." W. H. PRESCOTT, the historian. 
 
 "Brazil was never before so fully, so faithfully, so artistically 
 photographed." London Athenseum. 
 
 Fletcher, John. See BEAUMONT, FRANCIS. 
 
 Fletcher, John, R. Catholic pastor at Underwood. 
 
 1. Select Remains of E. White, with Memoir, 1812, Svo. 
 
 2. Serms. on Various Religious and Moral Subjects, for 
 all the Sundays after Pentecost, 1812, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 "These sermons deserve the perusal of every Protestant and 
 every Catholic who thinks seriously on the subject of religion. 
 Whoever peruses them will be equally charmed with their mild, 
 unambitious eloquence, their pure morality, and their persuasive 
 reasoning." CHARLES BUTLER. 
 
 3. The Catholic Manual, with Observs. and Notes, 1818. 
 Fletcher, John, M.D. 1. Rudiments of Physiology, 
 
 in 3 Pts.; edited by R. Lewins, M.D., with a Memoir of 
 the Author, Lon., 1837, Svo. 2. Elements of General Pa 
 thology j edited by Drs. Drysdale and Russell, 1842, p. Svo. 
 Fletcher, or Flechiere, John William, 1729- 
 1785, a native of Nyon, Switzerland, received orders in 
 the Church of England in 1757, and three years later was 
 presented to the living of Madely Salop. He was closely 
 associated with John Wesley in his labours, and was a 
 man of. most exemplary character. His writings were 
 principally directed against Antinomianism and Calvinism. 
 His Portrait of St. Paul has been greatly admired. Works, 
 1803, 8 vols. 12mo; 1806, 10 vols. Svo. Other eds., 7 vols. 
 24mo; 2 vols. 8vo; 7 vols. 12mo, 1825. Selections from 
 his Works, with his Life, by S. Dunn, London, 12mo. 
 This often accompanies the collective eds. of his Works. 
 See his Life, compiled from Wesley, Gilpin, his own Let 
 ters, Ac., by the Rev. J. Benson, llth ed., 1839, 24mo. 
 
 " Fletcher was a man of heavenly temper ; a saint in the ancient 
 and high sense of the term, whose enthusiasm was entirely in 
 imical with bitterness, and whose life and death are alike edifying." 
 Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 "One of the holiest men that the Christian Church has seen in 
 modern times. His works contain an unanswerable defence of the 
 doctrine of original sin, and of the Godhead of Christ ; several 
 pieces in vindication of general redemption, and other points with 
 which it is connected ; with a ' Portrait of St. Paul,' which every 
 minister should carefully study. His writings are distinguished 
 by uncommon clearness and strength of argument, an uninter 
 rupted flow of sacred eloquence, and a benevolence of temper which 
 has seldom, been equalled." Dr. WUliams's C. P. 
 
 " No age or country has ever produced a man of more fervent 
 piety, or more perfect charity ; no church has ever possessed a more 
 apostolic minister." ROBERT SOUTHEY. 
 
 Fletcher, Joseph. The Historic of the perfect- 
 cursed-blessed Man. By I. F. Lon., 1629, 4to. Very rare. 
 Nassau, Pt. 1,1513, 3 19s. Bindley, Pt. 2, 23 Is. 
 
 Fletcher, Joseph, D.D., 1784-1843, a native of 
 Chester, Minister of the Independent Church at Black 
 burn, 1807 ; at Stepney, 1822. His Lectures on the R. 
 Catholic Religion, pub. separately, and in the collective 
 ed. of his works, have attained great celebrity. Select 
 Works and Memoirs. Edited by the Rev. Joseph Flet 
 cher, Jr., of Lon., 1846, 3 vols. Svo. 5th ed. of the Lec 
 tures on R. C. Religion, Ac., 1850, 12mo. 
 
 "The late Dr. Fletcher's Lectures is an inestimable work, of 
 which I congratulate the Christian public that a fifth and cheap 
 edition is now announced." Dr. J. Pye Smith's Seasons of the 
 Protestant Religion. 
 
 It is the best work on the subject that has lately appeared. It 
 is exceedingly well written, and condenses into a narrow compass 
 a large portion of valuable information ; and while it instructs by 
 its scriptural reasonings, it edifies by its warm and enlightened 
 piety. It is firm, moderate, and candid." O)~me's Bibl. Sib. 
 
 "From a settled persuasion that Popery is a system of impiety 
 and imposture, we feel thankful at witnessing any judicious at 
 tempt to expose its enormities and retard its progress. The Lec 
 tures published by Mr. Fletcher are well adapted to this purpose, 
 and entitle their author to the esteem and gratitude of the pub 
 lic." REV. ROBE&X HALL. 
 we 
 
 " A man of masculine mind, distinguished for his powers of 
 ratiocination. His Sermons are most carefully prepared lucid in 
 arrangement and correct in style. Dr. Fletcher is one of those in 
 whose discourses you see a happy union of superior intellect with 
 the most accurate views of evangelical truth." Metropolitan 
 Pulpit. 
 
 Fletcher, Philip, Dean of Kildare. Serms. 1759, '63. 
 
 Fletcher, Phineas, 1584P-1650? a brother of Giles 
 Fletcher the younger, and cousin of Beaumont's dramatic 
 colleague, was educated at Eton, and King's Coll., Camb. 
 Like his brother Giles, he was a divine and a poet. In 
 1621 he was presented to the living of Hilgay, Norfolk, and 
 here remained until his death. 1. The Locustes, or Apoll- 
 yonists, Camb., 1627, 4to. Very rare. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 
 272, 9 9s. This is a caustic satire against the Jesuits. 
 
 " The great Milton is said to have ingenuously confessed that 
 he owed his immortal work of Paradise Lost to Mr. Fletcher'a 
 Locustae." Pref. to Rev. J. Sterling's Poems. 
 
 2. Sicelides ; a Dramatic Piece, 1631. 3. Comment, on 
 the First Psalm, 1632, 4to. 3. Joy in Tribulation, 1632, 
 sm. Svo. 4. The Purple Island, or the Isle of Man : toge 
 ther with piscatorie Eclogs, and other poetical Miscella 
 nies, 1633, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., large paper, 10 10s. 
 Small-paper copies have sold at from 1 to 2 12s. It was 
 also printed with Giles Fletcher's Christ's Victory, in 1783, 
 8vo. New ed., by Wm. Jacques, 1816, 8vo. This is one 
 of the most remarkable poems in the language. 
 
 "' The title of The Purple Island is most attractive and most 
 fallacious.' If a reader should take it up. (as would probably be 
 the case with those ignorant of its nature,) with the expectation 
 of finding some delightful story of romantic fiction, what must be 
 his disappointment to plunge at once into an anatomical lecture 
 in verse on the human frame to find that the poet bad turned 
 topographer of an island founded upon human bones, with veins 
 for its thousand small brooks, and arteries for its larger streams; 
 and that the mountains and valleys with which it is diversified 
 are neither more nor less than the inequalities and undulations of 
 this microcosm ? He might perhaps persevere through the whole 
 of the second canto, in the continued hope that it would soon be 
 over; but when he had achieved this task, and found that he had 
 only made one quarter of the survey, he must of necessity be con 
 strained to lay it down in despair." Rctrosp. Rev., ii. 342, 1820. 
 
 But if he should thus " lay it down in despair," he would 
 be greatly the loser : for to quote one of the most emi 
 nent of English critics 
 
 " After describing the body, he proceeds to personify the passions 
 and intellectual faculties. The fatigued attention is not merely 
 relieved, but fascinated and enraptured ; and, notwithstanding his 
 figures, in many instances, are too arbitrary and fantastic in their 
 habiliments, often disproportioned and overdone, sometimes lost 
 in a superfluity of glaring colours, and the several characters, in 
 general, by no means sufficiently kept apart; yet, amid such a 
 profusion of images, many are distinguished by a boldness of out 
 line, a majesty of manner, a brilliancy of colouring, a distinctness 
 and propriety of attribute, and an air of life, that we look for in 
 vain in modern productions, and that rival, if not surpass, what 
 we meet with of the kind even in Spenser, from whom our author 
 caught his inspiration. After exerting his creative powers on this 
 department of the subject, the virtues and better qualities of the 
 heart, under their leader Eclecta, or Intellect, are attacked by the 
 vices : a battle ensues, and the latter are vanquished, after a vigor 
 ous opposition, through the interference of an angel, who appears 
 at the prayer of Eclecta. The poet here abruptly takes an oppor 
 tunity of paying a fulsome and unpardonable compliment to James 
 the First, (canto xii. stanza 55 ;) on that account, perhaps, the 
 most unpalatable passage in the book. From Fletcher's dedication 
 of this his poem, with his Piscatory Eclogues and Miscellanies, to 
 his friend Edmund Benlowes, it seems that they were written 
 very early, as he calls them ' raw essays of my very unripe years, 
 and almost childhood.' 
 
 "It is to his honour that Milton read and imitated him, as 
 every attentive reader of both poets must soon discover. He is 
 eminently entitled to a very high rank among our old English 
 classics." Headley's Select Beauties of Ancient Eng. Poet. 
 
 In the Supplement to his second volume, Headley de 
 votes a chapter to show how much Fletcher was indebted 
 to Spenser, and Milton to Fletcher. In the next chapter 
 he proves Milton's obligations to Giles Fletcher's Christ's 
 Victory. This fact we have already referred to. See 
 FLETCHER, GILES., It deserves to be noticed that Francis 
 Quarles inscribes his stanzas of three lines each, prefixed 
 to Phineas Fletcher's Piscatorie Eclogues, <fec., " To my 
 dear Friend, the Spencer of this age." The leaf of verses 
 is frequently wanting ; collectors, therefore, should care 
 fully examine copies offered for their inspection. 
 
 Warton refers to The Purple Island in but faint terms 
 of commendation, and the further that criticism has been 
 removed from the conceits which distinguish the age of 
 the poem, the less indulgence has been displayed to the 
 peculiarities of the author. 
 
 " Through five cantos the reader is regaled with nothing but 
 allegorical anatomy, in the details of which Phineas seems tole 
 rably skilled, evincing a great deal of ingenuity in diversifying 
 his metaphors, and in presenting the delineation of his imaginary 
 island with as much justice as possible to the allegory without 
 obtruding it on the reader's view. In the sixth canto he rises to 
 the intellectual and moral faculties of the soul, which occupy the 
 
FLE 
 
 FLI 
 
 rest of the poem. From its nature it is insuperably wearisome; 
 yet his language is often very poetical, his versification harmo 
 nious, his invention fertile. But the perpetual monotony of ale- 
 gorical persons which sometimes displeases us even in Spenser, is 
 seldom relieved in Fletcher; the understanding revolts at the 
 confused crowd of inconceivable beings, in a philosophical poem ; 
 and the justness of analogy, which had given us some pleasure in 
 the anatomical cantos, is lost in tedious descriptions of all possible 
 moral qualities, each of them personified, which can never co-exist 
 in the Purple Island of one individual." Hollands Introduc. to 
 Lit. of Europe. 
 
 5. Piscatory Eclogues, with other Poetical Miscellanies, 
 with Notes by W. Tytler, Lord Woodhouselee, Edin., 1771, 
 8vo A correct ed. 6. Sylva Poetica, Autore P. F., Can 
 tab., 1633, 8vo. 7. De Literis antiquae Britanniae, Regi- 
 bus i rsesertim qui Doctrina claruerunt, quique Collegia 
 Cantibrigise fundarunt, 1653, 12ino. 8. A Father's Testa 
 ment, 1670, 8vo. 
 
 Wood tells us that at King's College Phineas Fletcher 
 was ~ accounted an excellent poet ;" and good old Izaak 
 Waltoo paid him a twofold compliment, than which he 
 knew no higher, when he declared him to be 
 
 "An excellent divine and an excellent angler." 
 
 The brothers refer to each other's works, and their merits 
 have often been compared. See FLETCHER, GILES. It 
 would not be difficult to continue these comparisons, but 
 a few lines must conclude an article already sufficiently 
 extended : 
 
 " They were both the disciples of Spenser, and, with his diction 
 gently modernised, retained much of his melody and luxuriant 
 expression. Giles's ' Christ's Victory and Triumph' has a tone of 
 enthusiasm peculiarly solemn. Phineas, with a livelier fancy, had 
 a worse taste. He lavished on a bad subject the graces and inge 
 nuity that would have made a fine poem on a good design. . . . 
 These incongruous conceptions are clothed in harmony, and inter 
 spersed with beautiful thoughts: but natural sentiments and 
 agreeable imagery will not incorporate with the shapeless features 
 of such a design. They stand apart from it like things of a differ 
 ent element, and, when they occur, only expose its deformity. 
 On the contrary, in the brother's poem of ' Christ's Triumph,' its 
 main effect, though somewhat sombrous, is not marred by such 
 repulsive contrasts. Its beauties, therefore, will tell in relieving 
 tedium, and reconciling us to defects." CampbdVs English Poetry, 
 " Both of these brothers are deserving of much praise. They 
 were endowed with minds eminently poetical, and not inferior in 
 imagination to any of their contemporaries ; but an inj udicious 
 taste, and an excessive fondness for a style which the public was 
 rapidly abandoning that of allegorical personification prevented 
 their powers from being effectually displayed." HaUam's Lit. Hist, 
 of Europe. 
 
 "It grieves me to think," says Hervey, "that these pieces 
 [Christ's Victory and the Purple Island] should be lost to the 
 world, and be forever buried in obscurity. ' The Purple Island' 
 abounds with picturesque, useful, and striking sentiments." 
 
 Fletcher, R. 1. Radius Heliconicus ; or, The Reso 
 lution of a free State, 1650, fol. 2. Trans, of Martial's 
 Epigrams, 1656, 8vo. 
 
 Fletcher, Ral. A Few Notes on Cruelty to Animals ; 
 or, The Inadequacy of Penal Law; on General Hospitals 
 for Animals, Ac., Lon., 1846, 8vo. 
 
 Fletcher, Richard. 1. First Steps to Medical Sub 
 jects, in Latin, Lon., 12mo. 2. Influence of a Troubled 
 Mind on Health, 8vo. 3. Medico-Chirurgical Notes and 
 Illustrations, 4to. 
 
 Fletcher, Robert. 1. Introduc. to the Love of God, 
 &c., Lon., 1581, 8vo. 2. Solomon's. Song trans, into Eng 
 lish verse, 1586. 3. Epitaph, 1603, 4to. 4. The Nine Eng 
 lish Worthies, Lon., 1606, 4to, pp. 72. This is an historical 
 register of the English royal Henrys, kings and princes, in 
 prose and verse. Very rare. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 276,' 35. 
 Bindley, Pt. 2, 1100, 37 16s. Hibbert, 3095, 7 10s. 
 
 Fletcher, Robert. Works on medicine and chemis 
 try, Lon., 1674, '76, '79, all 8vo. 
 
 Fletcher, Miss S. Gabrielle et Augustina, 1811. 
 
 Fletcher, Samuel. Enamel Painting, 1803, 8vo. 
 
 Fletcher, Thomas. Poems and Trans., 1692, 8vo. 
 
 Fletcher, Thomas. Serm., Dubl., 1745, '46, 4to. 
 
 Fletcher, Wm., LL.D., Dean of Kildare. 20 Serms., 
 1772. 
 
 Flenry, Maria de. 1. Henry; a Poem, Lon., 1789, 
 8 ro. 2. Antinomianism Unmasked and Refuted, 1791, 8vo. 
 3. Divine Poems and Essays on Several Subjects, 1791, 8vo. 
 
 FJcxman, Roger, D.D., 1708-1795, a Dissenting 
 minister, a native of Devonshire, pub. Miscellanies, 1752 ; 
 Serms., 1752-74 ; edited Burnet's Own Times, 1753, 4 vols. 
 8vo ; wrote several biographies, and aided in the prepara 
 tion of the General Index to the Journals of the House of 
 Commons. He also made an index to The Rambler, and 
 to some other works. The maker of a good index is no 
 ignoble philanthropist. See AYSCOCGH, SAMUEL. Dr. 
 Johnson did not entirely approve of Flexman's Index to 
 The Rambler. When his name was once mentioned before 
 the lexicographer, he thus vented his indignation : 
 
 " Let me hear no more of him, Sir ! That is the fellow who made 
 the Index to my Ramblers, and set down the name of Milton thus : 
 MILTON, Mr. JOHN." 
 
 Flindall, John Morris. Amateur's Pocket Com 
 panion; describing rare portraits and works, Lon., 1813, 
 12mo. 2. Family Assistant. 
 
 Flinders, Captain Matthew, d. 1814, an English 
 Navigator. Voyage to Terra Australis in 1801-03, Lon., 
 1814, 2 vols. 4to, and Atlas; some on large paper. 
 
 " The intrinsic worth of these truly scientific volumes must not 
 be measured by their pecuniary value, for I have known a well- 
 bound copy, in calf, sell for only 5 15s. 6d."Dibdin's Lib. Comp. 
 See a review in Lon. Quar. Rev., xii. 1, by Sir Jno. Barrow. 
 
 Con. to Phil. Trans*, 1805, '06. 
 
 Flinders, Matthew. Con. to Mem. Med., 1799. 
 
 Flinn, Andrew, D.D., d. 1820, minister of Charles, 
 ton, S. C. Serm., 1810. Do., 1811. 
 
 Flint, Austin, M.D. 1. Clinical Reports on Con 
 tinued Fever, Buffalo, 1853, 8vo. 2. Physical Exploration 
 and Diagnosis of Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Or 
 gans, Phila., 1856, 8vo. 
 
 Flint, Charles L. The Agriculture of Massachusetts, 
 as shown in the Returns of the Agricultural Societies, Bost, 
 1853-54, 2 vols. 8vo. Treatise tm Grasses and Forage 
 Plants, N. York, 1857, 12mo. Dairy Farming, Bost., 1859. 
 
 Flint, George. Robin's last shift, Part 1, 1717, 8vo. 
 
 Flint, Henry, d. 1760, aged 84, tutor in Harvard 
 Coll., 1705-54, educated many pupils who subsequently 
 attained eminence. He pub. occasional serms., 1729, '36, 
 and a vol. containing 20 Serras., 1739, 8vo. 
 
 Flint, Rev. James. Serms., Boston, 1852, 12mo. 
 
 Flint, James. Letters from America, Edin., 1822, 8vo. 
 
 Flint, Micah P., a son of the Rev. Timothy Flint, 
 was the author of a vol. entitled The Hunter, and other 
 Poems; and pub. a number of pieces in periodicals. 
 
 Flint, Rev. Timothy, 1780-1840, father of the pre 
 ceding, a native of Reading, Massachusetts, after gradua 
 ting at Harvard College, became minister of the Congre 
 gational Church in Lunenburg, in the county of Worces 
 ter, where he remained until 1814. In 1815 he became a 
 missionary for the Valley of the Mississippi, and in the 
 discharge of his itinerant duties acquired that extensive 
 knowledge of the country and of the people which we find 
 displayed to such advantage in his Recollections and Geo 
 graphy and History of the Mississippi Valley. After ten 
 years, spent in preaching and teaching school, he returned 
 to the Northern States. In 1833 he edited several num 
 bers of the Knickerbocker Mag., and was subsequently 
 editor for three years of The Western Monthly Mag. 
 
 1. Recollections of Ten Years passed in the Valley of 
 the Mississippi, Boston, 1826, 8vo; 2d ed., 1831, 8vo. 
 
 " With obvious faults, Mr. Flint's style is marked by counter 
 vailing excellences, being lively, flowing, often vigorous, and, in 
 general, quite unaffected ; but this is a secondary merit. These 
 pages reflect a sincere, humane, and liberal character, a warm and 
 gentle heart, and hardly even a prejudice that is not amiable." 
 Lon. Quar. Rev., xlviii. 201. 
 
 " One valuable effect of the work among us will be to allay local 
 jealousies, soften prejudices, correct misapprehensions, and divest 
 the Western character of many unfavourable associations with 
 which it has been too long connected in this quarter, and to 
 strengthen sentiments of mutual esteem between the people of the 
 East and West." N. Amer. Rev., xxiii. 359. See also Amer. 
 Month. Rev., iv. 460. 
 
 2. Francis Berrian; or, The Mexican Patriot, 1826. 
 This "purports to be the autobiography of a New Eng 
 land adventurer, who acted a conspicuous part in the first 
 Mexican revolution, and in the overthrow of Iturbide." 
 See Griswold's Prose Writers of America. 
 
 3. A Condensed Geography and History of the Western 
 States in the Mississippi Valley, Cin., 1828, 2 vols. 8vo; 
 2d ed., 1832, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Mr. Ward remarks that this work is interesting and in 
 structive, though written in " a most uncouth style." See 
 Ward's Mexico in 1827. 
 
 4. Arthur Clenning; a Novel, Phila., 1828, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 5. George Mason, the Young Backwoodsman; a Novel. 
 
 6. The Shoshonee Valley; a Romance, Cin., 1830, 2 vols. 
 12mo. 7. Indian Wars in the West, 1833, 12ino. 8. Lec 
 tures on Nat, Hist, Geology, Chemistry, and the Arts, 
 Bost, 1833, 12mo. See a Review in Amer. Month. Rev., 
 iii. 261. 9. Trans, of Droz's L'art d'etre heureuse, with 
 addits. by the translator. 10. Trans, of Celibacy Van 
 quished; or, The Old Bachelor Reclaimed, Phila., 1834, 
 12rno. 11. Biograph. Mem. of Daniel Boone, the first 
 settler of Kentucky, Cin., 1834, 18mo. In 1835 Mr. Flint 
 contributed to the London Athenaeum a series of sketches 
 of the Literature of the United States. 
 
 Flint, Wm. A Treatise on the Breeding, Training, 
 and Managing of Horses, Hull, 1815, 8vo. 
 
 607 
 
FLI 
 
 Flintoff, Owen. 1. Rise and Progress of the Laws 
 of England and Wales, Lon., 1839, Svo. This work should I 
 accompany John Reeve's Hist, of the Eng. Law. 2. Intro- [ 
 due. to Conveyancing, 1840, Svo. This is a new ed. of j 
 the 2d vol. of Blackstone's Comment., adapted to the pre 
 sent state of the English Law. 3. Law of Real Property, 
 1839, '40, 2 vols. Svo. An excellent work. The 2d vol. 
 is an enlarged edit, of his Conveyancing. The works of 
 Mr. Flintoff occupy the first place among legal treatises. 
 
 Flloyd, or Floyd, Thomas. 1. Bibliotheca Bio- 
 graphica : A Synopsis of Universal Biography, ancient 
 and modern, Lon., 1760, 3 vols. Svo. 2. Chronol. Tables 
 of Univ. Hist, 1762, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Flood, Rt. Hon. Henry, d. 1791, a distinguished 
 orator of the Irish House of Commons, wrote some poetical 
 pieces, pub. in the Oxford Collection, and pub. some 
 Speeches, 1787, Ac. His Life and Corresp., by W. Flood, 
 appeared in 1838, Lon., Svo. 
 Flood, Robert. See FLUDD. 
 
 Florence of Worcester, d. 1118, a monk of great 
 erudition, was the first chronicler who wrote in England 
 after the Norman Conquest. Chronicon ex Chronicis ab 
 Initio Mundi vsque ad* annum Domini 1118 deductum. 
 Accessit etiam Continuatio vsq. ad Annum Christi 1141, 
 Lon., 1592, 4to. The continuation is anonymous. Re 
 printed, etc., Francf., 1601, fol. j and see Collection of 
 Historians edited by order of the Record Commission, vol. 
 L, pp. 522-615 ; 615-644. 
 
 " Leland gives an exaggerated estimate of his character. His 
 chronicle is little better than a compilation from the Chronicle of 
 Marianus Scotus, and from the Saxon Chronicle. The part which 
 relates to our own island is almost a literal translation from the 
 latter work. An anonymous continuation of the chronicle of 
 Florence from 1118 to 1141 is of much greater value than the chro 
 nicle itself." Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Florian, John. 1. Human Knowledge, Lon., 1796, 
 Svo. 2. Guide to the Hist, of Eng., 1801, '04, Svo. 3. Lect. 
 on the Sciences and Philos., 180 6, 2 vols. Svo. 
 Florilegus. See MATTHEW OF WESTMINSTER. 
 Florio, John, the Resolute for so he styled himself 
 d. 1625, was a native of London, but a descendant of 
 the Florii of Sienna. He took great delight in philology, 
 and offended the less scrupulous dramatists of the day by 
 declaring that 
 
 "The plaies that they do plaie in England, are neither right 
 comedies, nor right tragedies; but representations of histories with 
 out any decorum." 
 
 Shakspeare retaliated this assault by ridiculing Florio 
 in his character of Holofernes, the Schoolmaster in Love's 
 Labour Lost. 
 
 The character of Holofernes, however, while it caricatures the 
 peculiar folly and ostentation of Florio, holds up to ridicule, at the 
 same time, the general pedantry and literary affectations of the 
 age; and amongst these, very particularly the absurd innovations 
 which Lilly had introduced." Drake's Shakspeare and his Times. 
 1. Florio his first Fruites : which yeelde familiar Speech, 
 merie Prouerbes, wittie Sentences, and golden sayings. 
 Also a perfect Introduction to the Italian and English 
 Tongues, Lon., 1578, '91, 4to. 2. Dialogues of Grammar, 
 Italian and English, 1578. 3. Florios Second Frvtes to 
 be gathered of twelve trees, and his Garden of Recreation 
 yielding six thousand Italian Prouerbs, 1591, Svo. 4. A 
 Worlde of Wordes ; or most copious and exact Dictionarie 
 in Italian and English, 1597, '98, fol. Warton (Hist, of 
 Eng. Poet.) says that the first ed. was in 1595, but we pre 
 fer the authority of Wood. Augmented, and pub. under 
 the title of Queen Anne's New World of Words, 1611, fol. 
 New ed., enlarged by Gio. Torriano, 1659, fol. Even the 
 ed. of 1611 
 
 " For the variety of words was far more copious than any extanl 
 in the world at that time." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 5. Trans, into Eng. of the Essays of Michael, Lord of 
 Montaigne, 1603, '13, '32, fol. 
 
 " The independence of his [Montaigne's] mind produces grea 
 part of the charm of his writings ; it redeems his vanity, withou 
 which it could not have been so fully displayed, or, perhaps, sc 
 powerfully felt. In an age of literary servitude, when every pro 
 vince into which reflection could wander was occupied by some 
 despot; when, to say nothing of theology, men found Aristotle 
 Ulpian, or Hippocrates, at every turning to dictate their road, i1 
 was gratifying to fall in company with a simple gentleman who 
 with much more reading than generally belonged to his class, hac 
 the spirit to ask a reason for every rule." HaUam's Lit. Hist, of 
 Europe.. 
 
 6. Trans, of A Narration rel. to Nauigation, Ac. to Newe 
 Fraunce ; from Ramutius, 1580, 4to. See Bliss's Wood' 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Ramusio was the editor of the excellent collection ol 
 Navigation e Viaggi, maps and plates, 3 vols. fol., Venetia 
 Giunta, 1588-83-56. 
 
 " Ramusio's collection of Voyages and Travels, the most perfec 
 work of that nature in any language whatsoever; containing al 
 
 FLO 
 
 the Discoveries to the East, West, North, and South; with full 
 descriptions of all the countries discovered; judiciously compiled, 
 and free from that great mass of useless matter which swells our 
 English Hackluyt and Purchas; much more complete and full 
 than the Latin De Bry, and,, in fine, the noblest work of this na 
 ture." LOCKE. 
 
 Floris, Pet. Williamson. Journal of his voyage 
 to the East Indies. See Purchas's Pilgrimes, p. 319 ; 1625. 
 Flower. Heraldic Visitation of the County Palatine 
 of Durham in 1575, edited by Philipson, Newc., 1820, fol. 
 100 copies on small and 20 copies on large paper. 
 "This is the first instance of a heraldic visitation being made 
 ublic by means of the press." 
 
 A few copies only were printed, at the expense of N. J. 
 hilipson. 
 
 Flower, Benj. French Constitution, Ac., 1792, Ac. 
 Flower, Christopher. Serms., 1660, '66, '69. 
 Flower, Henry* Gout and Rheumatism, Lon., 1766, 
 vo. 
 
 " A mere quack advertisement." Bibl. Brit. 
 Flower, John. Serm., 1669, 4to. 
 Flower, Richard. Beer and Brewers, 1802, 8vo. 
 Uleges the malt tax to be impolitic and unjust. If Eng- 
 and would abolish her "beer and brewers altogether," 
 ae would be greatly benefited. Intemperance is the 
 reatest foe which a country can cherish in her bosom. 
 Flower, Richard. 1. Letters from Lexington and 
 ae Illinois, Lon., 1819, 8vo. Written in June and Au- 
 ust, 1810. 
 
 " The writer appears to have been free from the usual English 
 rejudices. and speaks well of the country and its inhabitants." 
 tick's Bibl. Amer. Nova. 
 
 2. Letters from the Illinois, [1820, '21,] 1822. With a 
 Letter from Mr. Birkbeck, and a pref. and notes by Benj. 
 lower. See a review in Lon. Quar. Kev., xxvii. 71. 
 Flower, Robert T. The Radix ; Logarithms, 1771. 
 Flower, Thomas. Serm., 1754, Ac. 
 Flower, Rev. W. B. 1. Sunday Eve Musings and 
 ther Poems, Lon., 1843, cr. Svo. 2. Classical Tales and 
 jegends, 1847, 18mo. 3. Reading Lessons for the Higher 
 Classes in Grammar and other schools, 1848, 12mo. Com 
 mended by the Archbp. of Canterbury, the Bps. of Lon 
 don, Exeter, Lichfield, Ac. 4. Tales of Faith and Provi- 
 Lence, 1849, 18mo. Theolog. Treatises, 1847-52. 
 Flower, Wm. Sliding Rule, Lon., 1768, Svo. 
 Flowerdew, A. Poems, 1803, Svo; 3d ed., 1811. 
 Flowerdew, D. C. Orders in Court, 1807. 
 Flowre, John. Church of Christ, 1658, 12mo. 
 Floyd, Edward. Locusts in Wales; Spontaneous 
 Combustion of Hay Stacks, <fcc., Phil. Trans., 1694. 
 
 Floyd, John, an Englishman, visited the Continent, 
 became a Jesuit in 1593, and returned to England as a 
 missionary. He pub. several controversial tracts against 
 Chillingworth, Crashaw, Hobb, and other Protestants, 
 1612-37. See Dodd's Ch. Hist.; Bibl. Brit. 
 Floyd, Thomas. Perfit Commonwealth, 1600. 
 Floyd, Thomas. See FLLOYD. 
 Floyer, Sir John, Knt, M.D., 1649-1734, a native 
 of Hinters, Staffordshire, educated at Oxford, was noted 
 for his zeal (a most laudable one) in promoting the gene 
 ral use of the cold bath. He pub. several professional 
 W0 rks Touchstone of Medicine, Lon., 1687, 2 vols. Svo ; 
 works on Baths, on Asthma; a Comment, on 42 Histories 
 described by Hippocrates, 1726, Svo, Ac. ; Two Essays, 
 1717, Svo, and the following curious vol.: 
 
 The Sibylline Oracles trans, from the best Greek Co 
 pies and compared with the Sacred Prophecies, especially 
 with David and the Revelations, and with as much history 
 as plainly shows that many of the Sibyl's predictions are 
 exactly fulfilled. With Answers to the Objections made 
 against them, 1713, sm. Svo. 
 
 " This is the best English translation of the Sibylline Oracles, 
 and is curious not only ae a version of these singular productions, 
 but as it furnishes a tolerably accurate account of the controversy 
 respecting their truth and authenticity, of whjch Sir John appears 
 to have been a firm believer." Orma's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 The name of Floyer will strike many of our readers 
 pleasantly, for it will remind them of our gruff friend Dr. 
 Johnson. It was by Floyer's advice that the " Infant Her 
 cules" was sent to London to be touched by Queen Anne 
 for the King's Evil, and Johnson 
 
 A very short time before his death strongly pressed the Editor 
 of these Anecdotes to give to the publick some account of the life 
 and works of Sir John Floyer, whose learning and piety , the Doc 
 tor said, ' deserve recording.' "-Nichols's Lit. Anec., v. 19. 
 
 Sir John suffered greatly 'from the asthma, and when 
 Johnson was labouring under the same ailment, he refers 
 to the experience of the physician : 
 
 Nor d(Jes it lay close siege to my life ; for Sir John Floyer whoin 
 the physical race consider as author of one of the best books upon 
 it, panted on to ninety, as was supposed. [Sir John is supposed to 
 
FLO 
 
 have been older than he claimed to be.]" Letter to Langton, March 
 
 27 I 78 am now looking into Floyer, who lived with his asthma to 
 about his ninetieth year." Letter to Dr. Brocklesby, July 20, It 84. 
 
 But in less than five months the "mourners went about 
 the streets" for one who was so short a time before clinging 
 with such tenacity to the remains of life ! 
 
 Floyer, Phil. The Proctor's Practice in the Eccles. 
 Courts, 2d ed., enlarged by Thos. Wright, Lon., 1746, 8vo. 
 
 Fludd, Robert, M.D., or de Fluctibus, surnamed 
 "The Searcher," from his investigations in philosophy, 
 medicine, mathematics, &c., 1574-1637, was devoted to oc 
 cult sciences, and "compounded into a new mass of ab 
 surdity all the mysterious and incomprehensible dreams 
 of the Cabbalists and Paracelsians." He was a native of 
 Bearstead, Kent, was educated at St. John's Coll., Oxf., and 
 afterwards spent six years in travelling in Europe. As a 
 physician he attained great eminence. He wrote treatises 
 on 'alchemy, philosophy, medicine, theology, Ac., "mostly 
 written in Latin, and as dark and mysterious in their lan 
 guage as in their matter." See a list in Athen. Oxon. A 
 collective edit, of his works was pub. in 6 vols. fol., Op- 
 penh. et Goud. To be complete, there should be 17 parts. 
 See Cat. de la Valliere, No. 1784; Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 
 
 '" He was esteemed by many scholars a most noted philosopher, 
 an eminent physician, and one strangely profound in obscure mat 
 ters. He was a zealous brother of the order of Rosa-Crusians. and 
 did so much doat upon the wonders of chymistry, that he would 
 refer all mysteries and miracles, even of religion, unto it." Athen. 
 
 " His books written in Latin are many, great, and mystical. The 
 last some impute to his charity, clouding his matter with dark 
 language, lest otherwise the lustre thereof should dazzle the un 
 derstanding of the reader. The same phrases he used to his pa 
 tients ; and seeing conceit is very contributive to the well-working 
 of physic, their fancy, or faith natural, was much advanced by his 
 elevated expressions." Fuller's Worthies of Kent. 
 
 This habit of "mystifying" patients, by using "elevated 
 expressions," was not confined to the physicians of Fludd's 
 day. Fuller proceeds to remark : 
 
 " His works are for the English to slight or admire, for French 
 and foreigners to understand and use : not that I account them 
 more judicious than our countrymen; but more inquiring into 
 such difficulties. The truth is, here at home his books are not 
 beheld so good as crystal, which (some say) are prized as precious 
 pearls beyond the seas." Ubi supra. 
 
 Fludyer, John. Expos, of the C. Prayer Book of the 
 Ch. of Bng., Lon., 1739, fol. Serm., 1756, 8vo. 
 
 Flutter, J. Notes of a Bookworm, consisting chiefly 
 of Extracts from old and scarce works, 1827, 12mo. 
 Fly. Alamanack for 1662, 8vo. 
 Fly, Henry, D.D. 1. Serm., 1794, 4to. 2. Serm., 
 1798, 4to. 3. Serm. preached Oct. 19, 1803; being the day 
 appointed for a Public Fast, Lon., 1804, 8vo. 
 
 Fobes, Perez, LL.D., d. 1812, aged 70, minister of 
 
 Raynham, graduated at Harvard Coll., 1762; Prof, in the 
 
 Coll. in R. Island, 1786. 1. Hist, of Raynham. 2. Funl. 
 
 - Serm. on Prest. Manning, 1791. 3. Election Serm., 1795. 
 
 Foe, De. See DE FOE. 
 
 Fogg, A. Medical Observations, Newc., 1803, 8vo. 
 Fogg, Ezekias. Comfort for the Sicke, 1574. 
 Fogg, Laurence. 1. Two theolog. treatises, Chester, 
 1712, 8vo. 2. Theologise Speculative Schema, 1712, 8vo. 
 3. Election, 1713, 8vo. 
 
 Fogg, Peter Walker. Dissert, Grammar, and Phi- 
 los., Stockp., 1796, 8vo. 2. Elementa Anglicana, 1797, 2 
 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Folchard, or Folcard, flour. 1066, a French monk 
 who settled in England, wrote the Life and Miracles of 
 John of Beverley, and is said to have composed biogra 
 phies of St. Bertin, Bishop Oswald, St. Adulf, and St. Bo- 
 tulf. Vide Acta Sanctorum Mensis Mali, tomus ii. fol., 
 Antv., 1680, pp. 168-173. The Life and Miracles of John 
 of Beverley. Mabillon Acta Sanctorum Ordinis S. Bene- 
 dicti, Sseculum iii., pars 1, fol., Paris, 1672, pp. 108-112. 
 The Life and Miracles of St. Bertin, pp. 434, 435. An 
 abridged copy of the life of John of Beverley. 
 
 " As a writer there is little in Folchard's style to distinguish him 
 
 from the common writers of his age." Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., q. v. 
 
 Foley, James. French Delectus, Lon., 1815, 12mo. 
 
 Foley, Richard. Pract. Ct. G. Session,Lon.,1792,8vo. 
 
 Foley, Rev. Robert. 1. Lett, to Dr. Priestley, Stourb., 
 
 1793, 8vo. 2. Defence of the Ch. of Eng., Lon., 1795, 8vo. 
 
 Foley, Robert. Laws rel. to the Poor, from the 43d 
 
 Eliz. to the 3d Geo. II., with Cases, Ac., Lon., 1739, '43, 
 
 '51, '58, 8vo. 
 
 Foley, Samuel, Bishop of Down and Connor. Serms., 
 1683, 4to. Giant's Causeway. Phil. Trans., 1694. 
 
 Folger, Peleg, 1734-1789, a native of Nantucket, 
 Mass., was employed for a number of years in the fisheries 
 
 FOL 
 
 which have made his native town so deservedly famous. 
 He occasionally beguiled the tedium of his voyages by 
 writing very creditable poetry, a specimen of which, ex 
 tracted from his Journal, will be found in Macy's History 
 of Nantucket. 
 
 Folger, Peter, 1618-1690, a native of England, set 
 tled at Martha's Vineyard in 1635, and removed to Nan 
 tucket in 1662. He married Mary Morrill; his daughter 
 Abiah was the mother of the celebrated Benjamin Franklin. 
 He wrote a poem, finished April 23, 1676, entitled A Look 
 ing Glass for the Times. 
 
 "The author addresses himself to the governors for the time 
 being; speaks for liberty of conscience, and in favour of the Ana 
 baptists, Quakers, and other Sectaries, who had suffered persecu 
 tion. ... The poem appeared to be written with a manly freedom 
 and a pleasing simplicity." DR. FRANKLIN. 
 
 The following is a specimen of this splendid effort of 
 
 genius : 
 
 " I am for peace and not for war, 
 
 And that's the reason why 
 I write more plain than some men do, 
 
 That use to daub and lie. 
 But I shall cease, and set my name 
 
 To what I here insert ; 
 Because to be a libeller, 
 
 I hate it with my heart. 
 From Sherbon town where now I dwell, 
 
 My name do I put here 
 Without offence, your real friend, 
 
 It is Peter Folger." 
 
 This was pub. in 1675, and reprinted in 1763. It is now 
 very rare, but the reader will find it in that valuable work, 
 which none of our readers should be without, E. A. and 
 G. L. Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. 
 Folger is described as an 
 
 "Able, godly Englishman, who was employed in teaching the 
 youth in reading, writing, and the principles of religion by cate 
 chising." Prince's New England. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. ; 
 B. Franklin's Works. 
 
 Foliot, Gilbert, d. 1188, a monk of Cluny, Abbot of 
 Gloucester, 1139; Bishop of Hereford, 1148; of London, 
 1163. He wrote Expositio in Cant. Canticorum, edidit 
 Patr. Junius, Lon., 1638, 4to, a number of Letters, Ac. 
 Some have been printed in the Epistolse S. Thomae, and 
 many are in MS. in the Bodleian Library, &c. See Wright's 
 Biog. Brit. Lit 
 
 Foliot,Robert,d.ll86,Bishop of Hereford, 1174, wrote 
 a treatise De Sacramentis Veteris Testamenti. Ubi supra. 
 Folkes, Martin, 1690-1754, an eminent English an 
 tiquary, was educated at Saumur, and at Clare Hall, Camb. 
 In 1741 he succeeded Sir Hans Sloane as Pres. of the Royal 
 Society. Tables of English Gold and Silver Coins, with 
 their Weights, Intrinsic Values, #c., 1736, '45, 4to. New 
 ed., much improved, pub. by the Society of Antiquaries, 
 edit, by Dr. Andrew Gifford, 1763, 2 vols. 4to; 1772, 4to. 
 Con. on astronomy, antiquities, and nat. hist., to Phil. 
 Trans., 1717, '37, '45, '70. An interesting account of this 
 learned antiquary will be found in Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes 
 from materials originally drawn up by Dr. Birch. See a 
 Catalogue of the entire and valuable library of M. Folkes, 
 sold by auction, 1756, Lon., 1756, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Martin Folkes may justly be ranked among the most useful 
 as well as splendid literary characters of which this country can 
 boast. The collection was an exceedingly fine one; enriched with 
 many books of choicest description." Dibdin's Bibliomania. 
 
 Folkiugham, or Follingham, W. 1. Epitome of 
 Surveying Methodised, Lon., 1610, 4to. 2. Compound Ale 
 1623, 12mo. 3. Brachigraphy, or Shorte Writing, 8vo. See 
 Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Follen, Charles Theodore Christian, J.U.D., b. 
 Sep. 4, 1796, at Romrod. in the Grand Duchy of Hesse- 
 Darmstadt, perished in the conflagration of the steamboat 
 Lexington, Jan. 13, 1840. He held several responsible posi 
 tions in Europe and the United States, and from 1831 to 
 1834 was Prof, of the German Language and Literature in 
 Harvard Coll. For some years before his death he officiated 
 as a Unitarian minister, and in May, 1839, received a call 
 to a congregation at East Lexington, Mass. 1. German 
 Grammar, Bost., 12mo. 2. German Reader. 3. German 
 Versification of the Gospel of St. John, 12mo. A collective 
 edit, of his Works, edited by his widow, Eliza Lee Follen, 
 was pub.,, in 5 vols. sm. 8vo, in 1841, and in the same year 
 Mrs. Follen pub. a Memoir of his Life, 12mo. Reviews of 
 the Life and Writings of Prof. Follen will be found in the 
 Democratic Rev., vii. 466; Chris. Examiner, xxviii. 87; 
 xxxiii. 33; and Life by H. J. Raymond, in Biog. Ann., 1841, 
 8vo. 
 
 Follen, Eliza Lee, formerly Miss Cabot, a native 
 of Boston, was married in 1828 to Prof. Charles Follen, 
 (see above.) She has pub. several works, the principal of 
 which are Sketches of Married Life, The Skeptic, and a 
 
FOL 
 
 Life of Charles Follen, just noticed. She has also given 
 to the world The Well-Spent Hour, Words of Truth, Ger 
 man Fairy Tales, Hymns, Songs and Fables, Selections 
 from Fe"ne~lon, Birthday Poems, and Nursery Songs. The 
 larger part of her poetry will be found in a vol. pub. in 
 Boston in 1839, entitled, Poems on Occasional Topics. 
 
 Folliot. Fast Serm., Lon., 1798, 4to. 
 
 Follisius, Jacob. Jacobi Follisii Edinburgensis ca- 
 lamitosse Pestis elegiaca Deploratio, 4to. 
 
 Folsom, Charles. 1. Cicero's Orations; English 
 Notes, Bost. 2. Livy; English Notes. 
 
 Folsom, George, grad. at Cambridge Univ., 1822 ; 
 in 1844 was elected to the Senate of the State of N.Y. 1. Hist. 
 Sketches of Saco and Biddeford, Saco, 1830, 12mo. 2. Mexico 
 in 1842, N. York, 1842, 18mo. 3. Letters and Despatches 
 of Cortez ; trans, from the Spanish, 1843, 8vo and 12mo. 
 
 "This stirring narrative of toil and adventure, addressed by 
 the celebrated conqueror of Mexico to his Sovereign, although re 
 plete with the most romantic interest, has hitherto escaped an 
 English translator. Written amidst the very scenes described, in 
 a tone of honest sincerity, and with a scrupulous attention to 
 truth, these Letters, or Dispatches, after being published sepa 
 rately as they were received in Spain, seem to have been overlooked 
 and forgotten when in the lapse of time the original editions had 
 disappeared from the public eye." Extract from the Preface. 
 
 This is a trans, of the second, third, and fourth letters of 
 Cortez, from the ed. pub. in Mexico in 1770 by Lorenzana. 
 Mr. Folsom must not forget the request of Mr. Rich that 
 he would favour us with trans, of other letters of Cortez. 
 4. Address before the Maine Hist, Soc., Sept. 6, 1846, 8vo. 
 
 Folsom, N. S. Crit. and Hist. Interp. of the Pro 
 phecies of Daniel, Bost,, 1842, 12mo. 
 
 Fonblanque, Albany, b. 1800, a son of John de 
 Grenier Fonblanque, the eminent lawyer, was for many 
 years proprietor and editor of the London Examiner, which 
 obtained great reputation through his literary abilities. 
 Much of the matter in his work entitled England under 
 Seven Administrations, pub. in 1837, 3 vols. p. 8vo, origi 
 nally appeared in his editorial columns. Upon Mr. F.'s 
 acceptance of a post in the Board of Trade, the Examiner 
 passed into the charge of Mr. John Forster. 
 
 Fonblanque, John de Grenier, 1759-1837, an 
 eminent English lawyer, Senior King's Counsel, and 
 Senior Bencher of the Hon. Society of the Middle Temple. 
 
 1. A Treatise of Equity, 1792, '93, 2 vols. 8vo ; 4th ed., 
 with Francis's Maxims of Equity, 1812, 7 vols. Svo; 5th 
 ed., 1820, 2 vols. 8vo ; 4th Amer. ed., by Anthony Laussat, 
 Brookfield, 1835, 2 vols. in 1, 8vo. The original of this 
 work was an anonymous treatise, pub. Lon., 1737, fol., 
 ascribed to Henry Ballou. Mr. F. added as much as he 
 found, both in quantity and value, and gained great repu 
 tation by his labours. 
 
 " Few works have attained such universal approbation, or been 
 more generally read. The notes are copious, perspicuous, and 
 learned, and the authorities are full and pertinent." Hoffman's 
 Leg. Stu., 400. 
 
 It has been pretty much superseded, both in England 
 and America, by Maddock's Chancery and Chief -Justice 
 Story's Commentaries on Equity Jurisprudence. 
 
 2. Doubts, Ac. rel. to Bullion Committee's Recommenda 
 tion, 1810, Svo. 3. To Electors, 8vo. 
 
 Fonblanque, J. S. M., Com. of Bkrupts., son of the 
 preceding Fonblanque. 1. Bkrupt Statutes, 1825, 8vo. 
 
 2. Medical Jurisprudence, 1823, 3 vols. Svo, in conjunc 
 tion with J. A. Paris, M.D. 
 
 Fonblanque, J. W. M. Cases in the several Cts. of 
 the Com. of Bkruptcy. Act 1849, Lon., 1849-51, Pts. 1 and 2. 
 
 Fond, John. System of Music, Lon., 1725, 8vo. 
 
 Foord, or Ford, Anthony. Summary of the Sacra 
 ments, Lon., 16mo. Sine anno. 
 
 Foord, Edward. See FORD. 
 
 Foord, John. Expos, lib. Psalmorum, 1646, 4to. 
 
 Foord, Joseph, a minister of the Ch. of Scotland 
 19 Serms., Edin., 1719, 8vo : 3d ed., 1759, 12mo. 
 
 Foot, James. Penser'oso; or, The Pensive Man in 
 his Solitudes; a Poem, in six Books, Lon., 1771, 8vo. 
 
 Foot, Jesse, 1744-1827, an English surgeon, pub, 
 several professional treatises, The Life of John Hunter, 
 1794, 8vo ; The Life of A. R. Bowes and the Countess of 
 Strathmore, 1810, Svo; The Life of Arthur Murphy, 1811 
 4to; and some other works. 
 
 Foot, John, surgeon. Appeal, 1769, 8vo. 
 
 Foot, Peter. Agricult. of Middlesex, 1794, 4to 
 
 "Always reckoned a superior work." Donaldson's AgricuU. Biog 
 
 Foot, Rev. Wm. A Charge, Lon., 1753, 8vo. 
 
 Foote, Lt. Andrew H., Commander U. States Navy 
 Africa and the American Flag, N. York, 1854, 12mo. An 
 interesting work. 
 
 Foote, Capt. E. J., Rear-Admiral of the Blue, R 
 
 FOR 
 
 Navy. Vindication of his Conduct against the Misrep. of 
 McArthur and Clarke in the Life of Nelson, 1807. 
 
 Foote, H. S. Texas and the Texans, Phila., 1841, 
 2 vols. 12mo. See Lieber's Essays on Property, &c., 148. 
 Foote, James, minister of the Free East Church, 
 Aberdeen. 1. Lectures on the Gospel according to Luke, 
 Edin., 6 vols. sm. Svo; 2d ed., 1849, 3 vols. fp. Svo; 3d 
 ed., 1857, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 These Lectures are characterized by the valuable qualities of 
 good sense, scriptural sentiment, and perspicuous style." Edin. 
 Chris. Instruc. 
 
 " Very practical and useful." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 2. Treatise on Effectual Calling, 1846, fp. Svo. 
 "We cordially recommend this little volume as well adapted to 
 .waken the careless, and to instruct and encourage the thought 
 ful." Baptist Mag. 
 
 Foote, Samuel, 1722-1777, "The English Aristo 
 phanes," a native of Truro, Cornwall, was of a, highly re- 
 ipectable family. After pursuing his studies at Worcester 
 Coll., Oxf., and at the Middle Temple, he went upon the 
 stage, where, not meeting with the success he desired, he 
 determined to turn dramatic author, and write pieces suited 
 to his capacities as an actor. In 1747 he opened The 
 Little Theatre in the Haymarket, with a piece of his own, 
 called The Diversions of the Morning, which was very 
 successful. We need not marvel at this when we consider 
 that he represented real characters, and imitated their 
 voice, gait, and gestures, in the most striking manner. 
 Thenceforth the Little Theatre, Haymarket, was under 
 stood to be the regular summer resort when the other two 
 theatres were closed. 
 
 Of the following comic dramatic pieces of his composi 
 tion taken from Biog. Dramat. twenty were pub. 1. An 
 Auction of Pictures, 1748. 2. Taste, 1752. 3. The Eng 
 lishman in Paris, 1753. 4. The Knights, 1754. 5. The 
 Englishman returned from Paris, 1756. 6. The Author, 
 1757. 7. The Minor, 1760. 8. The Orators, 1762. 9. The 
 Lyar, 1762. 10. The Mayor of Garrat, 1764. 11. The Pa 
 tron, 1764. 12. The Commissary, 1765. 13. Prelude on 
 opening the Theatre, 1767. 14. The Lame Lover, 1770. 
 15. Piety in Pattens, 1773. 16. The Bankrupt, 1776. 17. 
 The Devil upon Two Sticks, 1768. 18. The Maid of Bath, 
 1771. 19. The Nabob, 1772. 20. The Cozeners, 1774. 
 21. The Capuchin, 1776. 22. A Trip to Calais, 1778. 
 23. The Tryal of Samuel Foote, 1763. 24. Diversions of 
 the Morning, 1747, '58. 25. Lindamira, 1805. 26. The 
 Slanderer. Left in MS., 27. The Young Hypocrite. For 
 particulars respecting dates see Biog. Dramat.; anjl see a, 
 notice of some other works, ascribed to him, in Bibl. Brit. 
 Dramatic Works, 1778, 4 vols. Svo. Frequently reprinted 
 in 2 vols. Svo, Life, 1788, Svo. Memoirs of his Life, and 
 some of his Writings, see COOKE, WILLIAM. 
 
 Foote was as much famed for his numerous powers in 
 social life as he was on the stage. Of this we have an 
 amusing evidence in the following story, related by Dr. 
 Johnson: 
 
 "The first time I was in company with Foote was at Fitzher- 
 bert's. Having no good opinion of the fellow, I was resolved not 
 to be pleased ; and it is very difficult to please a man against his 
 will. I went on eating my dinner pretty sullenly, affecting not 
 to mind him ; but the dog was so very comical, that I was obliged 
 to lay down my knife and fork, throw myself back in my chair, 
 and fairly laugh it out. Sir, he was irresistible." 
 Boswell remarks : 
 
 "Foote told me that Johnson said of him, 'For loud, obstrepe 
 rous, broad-faced mirth, I know not his equal.'" 
 
 It is not difficult to guess at the secret of Foote's success 
 with Johnson : 
 
 " He [Foote] was, perhaps, the only man among the set, totally 
 independent of Johnson's monarchy; he had an intrepid wit and 
 pleasantry of his own, and was fearless of any colloquial antago 
 nist." Caiman's Random Records. 
 
 See Boswell's Life of Johnson; Cooke's Life of Foote; 
 Davies's Life of Garrick. 
 
 Foote, Samuel, Jr. Reform ; a Farce, modernized 
 from Aristophanes, Lon., 1792, Svo. 
 
 Foote, Wm. Henry, D.D. 1. Sketches of North 
 Carolina, Hist, and Biog., N. York, 1846, Svo. 2. Sketches 
 of Virginia, Hist, and Biog., 1st Series, Phila., 1849, Svo; 
 2d Series, 1855, Svo. 
 
 "And now, kind reader, you shall be introduced to some of those 
 early settlements made by men of strong minds, ready hands, and 
 brave hearts, the elements of whose character, like the country 
 they chose, have been developed in the prosperity of Virginia." 
 Introduction. 
 
 Forbes. Eloge de la Ville Edinbourg, divise en qua- 
 tres Chants, par le Sieur de Forbes, Edin., 1753, 12mo. 
 
 Forbes, Alexander. An Anatomy of Independency, 
 Lon., 1644, 4to. 
 
 Forbes, Alexander, Lord Forbes of Pitsligo, d. 1749, 
 an adherent of the exiled Royal family, commanded a 
 
FOR 
 
 troop of horse in the Rebellion of 1745. After the battle 
 of Culloden he fled to France, but returned to Scotland in 
 1749. He is supposed to be the prototype of the Baron 
 of Brawardine in Sir Walter Scott's Waverley. He wrote 
 Moral and Philosophical Essays, 1763. 
 
 " His lordship is said to have been a man of good parts, great 
 honour and spirit, and universally beloved and esteemed." See 
 Park's Walpole's R. & N. Authors. 
 
 Forbes, Alexander. Hist, of Upper and Lower Cali 
 fornia, Lon., 1839, 8vo. 
 
 "This work furnishes us with a striking illustration of the 
 wretchedness of man, if he lives without exchange and well-de 
 veloped property, even though surrounded by a bountiful nature." 
 Lieber's Essays on Property and Labour, p. 140; and see pp. 148, 
 
 "'A valuable work. The author was one of the first of the Anglo- 
 Saxon race to explore this, till lately, unknown country; he reaped 
 the reward of his enterprise by securing the possession of the great 
 quicksilver mines, now worked by the firm of which he is the 
 head." 
 
 " A work of superior excellence and most useful instruction." 
 CHANCELLOR KENT. 
 
 Forbes, Alexander P., D.C.L., Bishop of Brechin. 
 1. Comment, on the Te Deum, 1850, 32mo. 2. Short Ex- 
 plan, of the Nicene Creed, Oxf., 1850, '52, 8vo. 
 
 Forbes, Arthur, Earl of Granard. A True Copie of 
 Two Letters brought by Mr. Peters, &c., Lon., 1642, 4to. 
 
 Forbes, Daniel. Case of Ileus; Med. Com., 1785. 
 
 Forbes, David. A Prophesie of Doomsday, 2d ed., 
 Edin., 1631, 18mo. 
 
 Forbes, Rt. Hon. Duncan, 1685-1747, a native 
 of Culloden, studied at Edinburgh, Utrecht, Leyden, and 
 Paris, and, after his return from the continent in 1707, 
 practised as an advocate,- Solicitor-General from Scotland, 
 1717; Lord Advocate, 1725 ; Lord President of the Ct. of 
 Sessions, 1737. In the Rebellion of 1745 he zealously op 
 posed the Pretender, and was so much chagrined at the 
 ungrateful refusal of government to reimburse his expenses 
 thereby incurred, that he fell a victim to a fever produced 
 by excitement of mind. 1. Thoughts on Religion, Natural 
 and Revealed, Edin., 1735, '43, 8vo. Trans, into French 
 by Father Houbigant. 
 
 "President Forbes was a considerable Hebrew scholar, of the 
 school of Ilutchinson. The system of that singular writer appears 
 to greater advantage in this small volume than in any of his own 
 works, or those of his other followers." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 2. Letter to a Bishop resp. some imp. Discov. in Philos. 
 and Theol., Lon., 1735, 4to. Also trans, into French by 
 Father Houbigant. 3. Reflections on the Sources of In 
 credulity with regard to Religion, Edin., 1750, 2 vols. 
 12mo, or 1 vol. 12mo. Posth. 
 
 " A little jewel. I knew and venerated the man ; one of the 
 greatest that ever Scotland bred, both as a judge, a patriot, and a 
 Christian." BISHOP WARBURTON. 
 
 4. Works, with a biog. Sketch of the Author by J. Ban- 
 natyne, Esq., Edin., 1816, 8vo. Works, 2 vols. 12mo. See 
 Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Duncan Forbes, Lon., 
 1748, 8vo; the Culloden Papers, 1815, 4to; Lord Wood- 
 houselee's Life of Kames ; Chambers's Lives of Illust. and 
 Dist. Scotsmen ; J. H. Burton's Lives of Duncan Forbes 
 and Lord Lovat, Lon., 1847, p. 8vo ; Edin., Lon. Quart., and 
 N. Brit. Reviews. 
 
 " His natural talents were of the very first order, enlarged by an 
 excellent education, completely disciplined and fully matured by 
 habits of intense study, and of minute, and at the same time, ex 
 tensive observation ; and they were all employed most honourably 
 and conscientiously in the real business of life." LORD \^ooi>- 
 
 HOUSELEE. 
 
 Forbes, Duncan. 1. E. India and Col. Guide, Lon., 
 1841, 12mo. 2. Hindustani Manual, 1845, 2d ed., 1848, 
 18mo. 3. Hindustani Gram., 1846, 8vo. 4. Hindu Reader, 
 r. 8vo. 5. Persian Gram., r. 8vo. 6. Bagh-0-Bahar : Tales 
 in Hindustani, 1846, r. 8vo. 7. Diet, Hind.-Eng., Eng.- 
 Hind., 1846, 8vo. The most copious diet, of the kind in 
 a portable form. 8. Oriental Penmanship, 1849, 4to. 
 
 Forbes, Prof. Edward, 1815-1854. 1. Hist, of 
 Brit. Star Fishes, Lon., 1841, demy 8vo and r. 8vo. This 
 vol. is uniform with the Brit. Quadrupeds and Brit. Rep 
 tiles, by Prof. Bell, and the Brit, Birds and Brit. Fishes, 
 by Mr. Yarrell. 
 
 " Discloses a world of wonders round our shores. The illustra 
 tions, in which fancy is made to enlighten science, are very beauti 
 ful." British Critic. 
 
 2. Inaugural Lect. on Botany, 1843, 8vo. 3. Synopsis of 
 the Brit. Naked-eyed Pulmograde Medusae. Ray Society, 
 3d issue, 4th year, 1847. 4. In conjunction with S. Han- 
 ley; Hist, of Brit, Mollusca, 1853, 4 vols. 8vo, 6 10s. r, 
 8vo ; plates col'd, 13. 5. Zoology of the Voyage of H. 
 M. Ship Herald, 3 vols. r. 4to. 6. In conjuction with Prof. 
 Huxley ; Mollusca and Radiata of the Voyage of H. M. 
 Ship Herald. Preparing for publication, (1855.) 
 
 Forbes, Eli, D.D., 1726-1804, minister of Brookfield 
 
 FOR 
 
 and of Gloucester, Mass. He pub. A Family Book, Serms., 
 &c., 1761-92, Ac. 
 
 Forbes, F. E. 1. Six Months' Service in the African 
 Blockade, Lon., p. 8vo. Five Years in China, 1842-^7, 
 1848, 8vo. 3. Dahomey and the Dahomans, 1849-50, 
 2 vols! p. 8vo, 1851. 
 
 Forbes, Francis. 1. New Husbandry, Lon., 1778, 
 8vo. 2. Improvement of Waste Lands, 1778, 8vo. 
 
 "The practical part is nothing." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Forbes, G. H. Prize Essay on the Goodness of God, 
 Edin., 1849, 8vo. 
 
 Forbes, J. G., of the city of New York. Sketches 
 of Florida, 1821. 
 
 Forbes, James, 1749-1819, a native of London, con 
 nected with the civil service of the East India Company. 
 
 1. Letters from France in 1803-04, Lon., 1806, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 2. Reflections on the Character of the Hindoos, and the 
 importance of converting them to Christianity, 1810, 8vo. 
 
 3. Oriental Memoirs : a Narrative of Seventeen Years' Re 
 sidence in India, including Observ. on parts of Africa and 
 S. America, and Journals of Four Indian Voyages. Em 
 bellished with 95 fine engravings, by Charles Heath, 
 Storer, Greig, Angus, and Wageman, Lon., 1813-15, 
 4 vols. 4to. Pub. at 16 16s. Some copies have 27 addit. 
 Plates, by Thomas and Wm. Daniell, also sold separately 
 [at about 2 2s.] to complete former copies. The Plates 
 of Nat. Hist, are beautifully col'd. See a list of the 122 
 engravings in H. G. Bohn's Guinea Cat, 1841. This 
 splendid work, with the addit. 27 plates, can now be pro 
 cured for about eight guineas. For an extended descrip 
 tion of it we must refer the reader to the London Quart. 
 Rev., xii. 180-227. Mr. Forbes compiled this work from 
 his original materials of 150 folio vols., containing 52,000 
 pages of MS. letters and drawings. 
 
 " The volumes were published at his own cost, and a work more 
 splendid or more complete in its decorations we have seldom seen." 
 Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 "The drawings and collections of Mr. Forbes seem almost to ex 
 ceed the powers of human industry and perseverance, and this 
 literary monument to his name may fairly be considered the es 
 sence of his extraordinary researches. The whole work is very 
 entertaining as well as instructive." Lon. Lit. Gaz. 
 
 "Of all the works which have been published on India, this, 
 perhaps, is the most sterlingly valuable." Lon. Atlas. 
 
 "It is to be regretted that this very splendid and expensive 
 work was not published in a cheaper form, as it abounds in most 
 striking pictures of the manners, customs, Ac. of India." Steven 
 son's Voyages and Travels. 
 
 Since the above was written, Mr. Forbes's daughter, 
 the Countess de Montalembert, has pub. (in 1834) an 
 abridgt. of the Oriental Memoirs, in 2 vols. 8vo, with a 
 4to Atlas of 85 Plates, of which 24 those of Nat. Hist. 
 are beautifully col'd. Such copies were pub. at 5 15s. 6c?., 
 and can now be had for about 2 15s. ; or the Atlas alone 
 for 1 15s. 
 
 Forbes, James D., Prof, of Nat. Philos. in tho 
 Univ. of Edin. 1. Travels through the Alps of Savoy, 
 Lon., 1843, imp. 8vo; 2d ed., 1845. 
 
 "This work contains ample and exact details in topography. . . . 
 It abounds with daring and hazardous adventures, contains no 
 tices of occasional catastrophes that have befallen less fortunate 
 explorers, presents interesting discoveries with new deductions, 
 and is clothed in a style and diction entirely in keeping with the 
 beauty and grandeur of the subject. ... We have perused the 
 work with intense pleasure and large instruction." Sittiman's 
 American Journal of Science and Arts. 
 
 " Es ist unstreitig eines der gediegensten Werke die seit la'ngerer 
 Zeit iiber die Alpen erschienen sind. . . . Zugleich ist die Dar- 
 stellung so geschmackvoll, und die theoretischen und abstrakteren 
 Untersuchungen sind so geschickt verflochten mit historischen und 
 beschreibenden StUcken, dasz man das Buch mit immer Steigen- 
 den Interesse zu Ende liest." Leonard's Jahrbuch. 
 
 "This elaborate and beautifully-illustrated work." Quarterly 
 Review. 
 
 ..." Pregnant with interest." Edinburgh Review. 
 
 2. Norway and its Glaciers visited in 1851, Edin., 1853, 
 r. 8vo. 
 
 Forbes, James Grant. Sketches, Hist, and Topog., 
 of the Floridas, N. York, 1821, 8vo. 
 
 "A wretched compilation from old works." N. Amer. Rev., xxvi. 
 482. 
 
 "Contains much valuable information." Ib., xiii. 98. 
 
 Forbes, John, 1570P-1634, originally a minister of 
 the Ch. of Scotland, became minister at Middleburg, in 
 Holland, about 1611. 1. A Treatise tending to clear the 
 Doctrine of Justification, Middle., 1616, 4to ; 1636. 2. Cer- 
 taine Records touching the Estate of the Kirk in the Years 
 1605 and 1606, pub. with Wm. Scot's Apologetical Narra 
 tion rel. to Kirk of Scotland, Edin., 1846, 8vo. 
 
 Forbes, John, of Corse, 1593-1648, second son of 
 Bishop Patrick Forbes, was educated at King's Coll., 
 Aberdeen, and in Germany; Prof, of Divinity and Eccles. 
 Hist., King's Coll., Aberdeen, 1619; ejected for refusing 
 
FOR 
 
 FOR 
 
 to sign the Covenant, 1640. He resided for two years in 
 Holland, and is sometimes confounded with John Forbes, 
 ante. His Irenicum pro Ecclesia Scotiana, Aberd., 1629, 
 4to, written to compose the religious dissensions of Scot 
 land, and the Institutions Historico-Theologicae, Amst, 
 1645, fol., have been greatly admired. A collective edit. 
 of his works was pub. by Prof. Gurtler, of Deventer, and 
 George Garden, of Aberdeen, in 1703, 2 vols. fol. Opera 
 Omnia, inter quse plurima Posthuma cum Vita Auctoris, 
 Amst. 
 
 "The most valuable book of the kind that any student can pos 
 sibly make use of. He will there see a complete history of all the 
 controversies that have distracted the Church of Christ, deduced 
 thopugh every age, with their minutest branches and subdivisions. 
 The proper authorities are always set down, so that nothing needs 
 to be taken on trust." WOTTON. 
 
 " Forbes was an excellent man, a profound scholar, and masterly 
 writer." Dr. Williams 1 * C. P. 
 
 "Much learning and piety in his works." Bicker steth's O. S. 
 
 Forbes, John, of Delft. Serm., Delft, 1642, 12mo. 
 
 Forbes, John. Cure of the Afflicted, Lon., 1643, 12mo. 
 
 Forbes, John. Songs and Fancies to several Musi 
 cal Parts, with a brief Introduc. to Musick, Aberd., 1682, 
 4to. 2. Mariner's Everlasting Almanack, 1685. 
 
 Forbes, John. Epigraininata, Lon., 1739, 4to. 
 
 Forbes, John, D.D., minister of St. Paul's Church, 
 Glasgow. Theory of the Differential and Integral Calcu 
 lus, Lon., 1838, 8vo. 
 
 "One of those brilliant beacons which will long illuminate the 
 path of science." Scottish Guardian. 
 
 Forbes, John, LL.D., of Donaldson's Hospital, Edin 
 burgh. Symmetrical Structure of Scripture, Edin., 8vo. 
 
 "Dr. Forbes is a profound and accurate scholar ; he has brought 
 much learning, both oriental and occidental, to bear on this vo 
 lume." Bibliotheca Sacra. 
 
 "A most valuable commentary on the passages adduced, as well 
 as the key to the further comprehension of the sacred writings in 
 general." Oh. of Eng. Quar. Rev. 
 
 Forbes, Sir John, M.D., D.C.L., Physician to her 
 Majesty's Household, editor of the Brit, and For. Med. 
 Rev., one of the editors of the Cyc. of Practical Medicine, 
 (see DUNGLISON, ROBLEY, M.D., No. 8,) <fcc. 1. Observs. 
 on the Climate of Penzance, <fcc., Lon., 1828. 2. A Manual 
 of Select Medical Bibliography, Lon., 1835, r. 8vo. This 
 otherwise excellent work has one capital defect, the want 
 of an Index Nominum. We marvel at so great an over 
 sight. 3. Illust. of Modern Mesmerism, Lon., 1846, 8vo. 
 4. Treatise on Diseases of the Chest, 8vo. 5. Genl. Index 
 to the Brit, and For. Med. Rev., 1849, 8vo. 6. A Phy 
 sician's Holiday ; or, A Month in Switzerland during the 
 Year 1848; 1849, p. 8vo; 3d ed., 1852. 
 
 " Those who contemplate a thorough or a partial tour through 
 Switzerland will find A Physician's Holiday very useful." 
 lion. Spectator. 
 
 7. Memoranda made in Ireland, 1852 ; 1852. 8. Sight- 
 Seeing in Germany, &c., 1855, p. 8vo ; 1856. 9. Nature 
 and Art in the Cure of Disease, 1857, cr. 8vo; 2ded., 1858. 
 
 Forbes, John, M.D. Physiological Effects of Alco 
 holic Drinks, Bost. 2. Water-Cure ; or, Hydropathy, Phila. 
 3. Homoeopathy, Allopathy, and Physic, 1846, 12mo. 
 
 Forbes, John H., and John Jardine. Decisions 
 in Ct. of Sess., Nov., 1801-July, 1807, Edin., fol. 
 
 Forbes, Major John. Eleven Years in Ceylon; 
 Field Sports; Nat. Hist.; Antiq., Lon., 1840, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Forbes, Leslie. Speech in H. of Com., 1817., 
 
 Forbes, Murray. Gravel and Gout, Lon., 1793, 8vo. 
 
 Forbes, Patrick, 1564-1635, Lord of Corse and Ba 
 ron of O'Neil, a native of Aberdeenshire, educated at Aber 
 deen and St. Andrews, Chancellor of the Univ. of Aberdeen, 
 was made Bishop of Aberdeen in 1618. His Lordship pub. 
 some serms., 1635, 4to, and two theolog. treatises, 1614, '27, 
 but is best known by his Commentarie upon the Revela 
 tion of St. John, Middleb., 1614, 4to. A trans., by his 
 son, John Forbes, (see ante,) was pub. at Amst. in 1646, 
 4to.^ This includes his two theolog. treatises noticed above. 
 'The Commentary is brief, but discovers some learning and at 
 tention to the meaning of the Apocalypse. The author was one 
 of the most respectable of the Scottish divines who embraced Epis 
 copacy." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 In 1635, 4to, was pub. Funerals of Patrick Forbes, of 
 Corse, Bishop of Aberdeene, consisting of serms., orations, 
 epitaphs, and other pieces on the death of the good Bishop. 
 This was reprinted by Charles Farquhar Shand, Esq., Ad 
 vocate, Edin., 1845, 8vo, for the Spottiswoode Society. 
 
 "Few such literary monuments have been raised to the memory 
 of distinguished individuals as the Funerals of Bp. Patrick Forbes." 
 
 Forbes, Patrick, M.D. Full View of the Pub. 
 Transac. in the Reign of Q. Elizabeth, Lon., 1740 '41 
 2 vols. fol. 
 
 Forbes, Patrick, D.D. Principles of Interpretation 
 
 of the 0. Test., trans, from the Institutio Interpretis Ve- 
 teris Testament! of J. H. Pareau, Edin., 1835-38, 2 vols. 
 L2mo. This work also forms vols. xxi., xxiv., of the Edin. 
 Cabinet Library. 
 
 " It is a very useful compendium of the principles of sacred her- 
 meneutics applied to the Old Testament. The translation is faith- 
 ~ul and accurate." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Forbes, Robert. Collec. of Scot. Poems, with a Col- 
 [ec. of Scot. Proverbs, by Rev. David Ferguson, 1777, 12mo. 
 
 Forbes, William, 1585-1634, a native of Aberdeen, 
 and educated in that city and abroad, became Principal of 
 Marischal Coll., Aberdeen, and Rector of the Univ. He 
 was the first Bishop of Edinburgh, but died in three months 
 after his consecration. After his death was pub. his Con- 
 siderationes modestae et pacificae Controversarium, de Jus- 
 tificatione, Purgatorio, Invocatione Sanctorum et Christo 
 Meditatore, Eucharistia, Lon., 1658, 8vo. This was edited 
 by Dr. Thomas Gale. It is in course of republication, 4th 
 ed., in the Lib. Anglo-Cath. Theol., vol. L, 1850, 8vo; vol. 
 ii., we presume, may be expected shortly. 
 
 Forbes, William, Prof, of Law, Glasgow. 1. Bills 
 f Exchange, Edin., 1703, '18, 12mo. 2. Church Lands 
 and Tithes, 1705, 12mo. 3. Remarks on James Gordon's 
 Observ. on No. 2, 1706, 12mo. 4. Justices of Peace in 
 Scot, 1707, 12mo. 5. Law of Election, M. P., for Scot, 
 1740, 8vo. 6. Jour, of the Session, 1714, 12mo. 7. Insti 
 tutes of the Law of Scot, 1722-30, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Forbes, Sir William, 1739-1806, a native of Pit- 
 sligo, in conjunction with Sir James Hunter Blair, founded 
 the first banking establishment in Edinburgh. Account 
 of the Life and Writings of James Seattle, LL.D., inclu 
 ding many of his original Letters, Edin., 1806, 2 vols. 4to; 
 1807, 3 vols. 8vo; 1824, 2 vols. 8vo. See BKATTIE, 
 JAMES, LL.D. 
 
 For what Sir William Forbes has written in these volumes, we 
 can easily forgive him ; but he cannot escape censure for much of 
 what he has published. . . . Protesting, as we have always done, 
 against the multiplication of needless quartos and the publication 
 of ordinary epistles, we cannot avoid saying that his book is a 
 great deal longer, and a great deal duller, than we are bound to 
 tolerate." LORD JEFFREY : Edin. Rev., x. 172. 
 
 Forby, Rev. Robert, Rector of Fincham, Norfolk, 
 
 1. Lett, to Bp. of Norwich rel. to Bible Society and Miss'y 
 Society, 1815, 8vo. 2. Vocabulary of Norfolk and Suffolk, 
 by Turner, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo. New ed., 1840, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 Force, Peter, President of the National Institute at 
 Washington, D.C. His library of works relating to America 
 is perhaps the largest ever collected in the U.S. 1. The 
 National Calendar, and Annals of the U. States for 1833, 
 Washington, 1833, 12mo, pp. 336 : continued for a few years. 
 
 2. Tracts and other Papers relating principally to the 
 Origin, Settlement, and Progress of the Colonies in N. 
 America from the Discovery of the Country to 1776, 1836- 
 47, 4 vols. r. 8vo. 
 
 "With these slight abatements, [see article,] we regard the vo 
 lume before us as a very valuable contribution to the materials of 
 our early history, and as highly creditable to the capacity and dili 
 gence of the editor. . . . We intended, had the limits of this article 
 permitted, to give some account of another work projected by Mr. 
 Force, in connection with Matthew St. Clair Clarke, under a con 
 tract with the Government of the United States, to be entitled 
 'The Documentary History of the Revolution ;' a work, the plan 
 of which is gigantic, and the execution of which would be a task 
 truly Herculean. The plan contemplates the publishing of every 
 document relating to the history of the United States, whether 
 printed or manuscript, from the origin of the colonies down to the 
 adoption of the Federal Constitution. The work will occupy at 
 least twenty-five volumes, and the cost of fifteen hundred copies ia 
 estimated at four hundred and eight thousand dollars. We hopo 
 that the work, in some modified form, will go on ; although we 
 very much fear that this large historical drag-net will sweep up 
 some rubbish, as well as much valuable material. Should the first 
 volume ever appear, we shall take an opportunity to go more at 
 large into the subject." J. G. PALFREY : N. Atner. Rev., xliii. 274- 
 278. 
 
 3. American Archives : Documentary History of the 
 American Revolution; 4th Series, 6 vols., Washington, 
 1837-46 ; 5th Series, 3 vols., 1848-53, in all, 9 vols. fol. 
 Owing to a misunderstanding in regard to the law author 
 izing the publication of this most valuable work, it was 
 discontinued while Mr. Marcy was Sec. of State of the 
 U.S. See CLARKE, MATTHEW ST. CLAIR, and N. Amer. 
 Rev., xlvi. 475. 4. Record of Auroral Phenomena Ob 
 served in the Higher Northern Latitudes; Smithsonian 
 Contrib., Washington, 1856, 4to. His contributions on 
 the subject of Arctic Discovery were considered as au 
 thority by Dr. Kane. 
 
 Ford, Miss. 1. Letter. 2. Music Glasses, 1761, '62. 
 
 Ford, Anthony. See FOORD. 
 
 Ford, David. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1794, 8vo. 
 
 Ford, David Everard. 1. Rud. of Music, Lon. 2. 
 Orig. Psalm and Hymn Tunes, 1833. 3. Chorazin, 1841, 
 
FOR 
 
 FOR 
 
 18mo. 4. Damascus, 1842, 18mo. 5. Decapolis ; new ed., 
 1843, 18mo. 
 
 " A work which has been read by all classes of the community, 
 and has been eminently blessed by God to the revival of pure and 
 undefiled religion in various parts of the country." ion. Congreg. 
 Mag., Aug. 1841. 
 
 6. Pastoral Addresses, 1843, 32mo. 7. Laodicea, 1844, 
 18mo. 8. Alarm in Zion, 1848, 18mo. 9. Congreg. Psal 
 mody, 1849, ob. 
 
 " We congratulate the author on the growing acceptance of his 
 works; thousand following thousand in rapid succession. This 
 fact we regard as a token for good. They are fitted, by the blessing 
 of God, to confer lasting benefits on the church and the world." 
 Lon. Revivalist, Oct. 1842. 
 
 Ford, Sir Edward, a son of Sir John Ford, Sussex, 
 was educated at Trin. Coll., Oxf. 1. A Desigrie for bring 
 ing a River to St. Gyles, Lon., 1641, 1720, 4to. 2. Exper. 
 Proposals how the King may have money, Ac., 1666, 4to. 
 3. Defence of Bill Credit. Printed at end of No. 2. In Chal 
 mers's Diet., and also in Rose's Diet, we find this author 
 called Sir John Ford. 
 
 " He was a great virtuoso of his time, yet none of the Royal 
 society, and might have done greater matters, if that he had not 
 been discouraged for these things he had done before." Athen. 
 Oxon., q.v. 
 
 Ford, or Foord, Edward. 1. Wine and Women, 
 Lon., 1647, 12mo. 2. An Alarm of Trumpets, 1651, 12mo. 
 3. Fair Play in the Lottery j or Mirth for Money, 1660, 12mo. 
 
 Ford, Edward, surgeon. Diseases of the Hip Joint, 
 Ac., Lon., 1794, Svo; 2d ed., by T. Copeland, 1810, 8vo. 
 Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1778 j to Med. Tracts, 1791, '94. 
 
 Ford, George. Serms., 1796, 1803. 
 
 Ford, J. Orig. Righteousness, Ac., 1675, Svo. 
 
 Ford, James, late of Oriel Coll., Preb. of Exeter. 
 The Gospel of St. Matthew illustrated from ancient and 
 modern authors, Lon., 1848, Svo ; of St. Mark, do., 1849 ; 
 of St. Luke, do., 1851 ; of St. John, do., 1852. 
 
 Notice of the work on St. Matthew : 
 
 "In examining this work we have been struck with its adapta 
 tion to the wants of preachers. The tone of the Preface is excellent, 
 and inspires confidence in the principles of the writer; his selec 
 tions are very good." English Rev., Sept. 1848. 
 
 Notice of the work on St. Mark : 
 
 "The true value of this work is in suggesting, in fact, supply 
 ing, Sermon thoughts." Lon. Chris. Rememb., April, 1849. 
 
 Notice of the work on St. Luke : 
 
 " The brevity, depth, and variety of the extracts form the most 
 peculiar and valuable features of the work, and give it a great 
 practical superiority over most other commentaries, both for the 
 Clergy and Laity." English Churchman, May 22, 1851. 
 
 Ford, John, an eminent dramatic poet, was born at 
 Islington, Devonshire, in 1586. Of the time of his death 
 much has been conjectured, but nothing is known. Where 
 he was educated does not appear, but we know that in 
 1602 he became a member of the Middle Temple, and, 
 unlike most authors, and especially dramatic authors, 
 persevered in his arduous profession. What particular 
 branch of the law he pursued we are unable at this late 
 day to determine. As early as his 18th year he pub. a 
 poem entitled Fame's Memorial, a tribute to the memory 
 of Charles Blount, Lord Mountjoy and Earl of Devon 
 shire. There was little in this effusion to indicate future 
 eminence in the walks of poetry; but the publication of his 
 verses was sufficient to give him that taste for authorship 
 which almost infallibly follows upon seeing " one's name 
 in print :" 
 
 "Fame's Memorial is worth reading as a warning to all those 
 figure-casters who prognosticate the success or failure of authors 
 from their Juvenilia. Had any seer predicted that the maker of all 
 that stuff was to deserve a lofty seat among England's dramatists, 
 he would have been as heartily laughed at as he who should have 
 foretold to Trajan that a Christian priest would one day fulmi 
 nate from the Seven Hills more dreaded edicts than his own." 
 HARTLEY COLERIDGE. 
 
 Some time after this he had the honour of assisting 
 Webster in A Late Murther of the Sonne upon the Mother, 
 a play which appears to be lost. He also joined with 
 Decker in the Fairy Knight and The Bristowe Merchant, 
 neither of which are extant. We also lack three of Ford's 
 plays, entered on the Stationers' Books in 1660, (see Nos 
 12, 13, 14,) of which An 111 Beginning has a Good End, a 
 Comedy, was played at the Cockpit in 1613. The follow 
 ing is a list of his own plays, and those in the composition 
 of which he had a share : 
 
 1. The Lover's Melancholy. T. C. Acted at the Black- 
 friars and the Globe, Nov. 24, 1628. Printed, 1629. 2. 'Tis 
 Pity She's a Whore. T. Acted at the Phoenix. Printed 
 1633. 3. The Witch of Edmonton. T. By Rowley, Decker, 
 Ford, Ac. Acted at the Cockpit and at Court ; probably 
 soon after 1622. Printed, 1658. 4. The Sun's Darling. M. 
 By Ford and Decker. Acted, March, 1623-24, at the Cock 
 pit Printed, 1657. 5. The Broken Heart. T. Acted at the 
 
 Slackfriars. Printed, 1633. 6. Love's Sacrifice. T. Acted 
 at the Phoenix. Printed, 1633. 7. Perkin Warbeck. H. T. 
 Acted at the Phoenix. Printed, 1634. 8. The Fancies, 
 Chaste and Noble. C. Acted at the Phoenix. Printed, 1638. 
 9. The Lady's Trial. T. C. Acted at the Cockpit, May, 
 1638. Printed, 1639. 10. Beauty in a Trance. T. Entered 
 on the Stationers' Books, Sept. 9, 1653, but not printed. 
 Destroyed by Mr. Warburton's servant. 11. The London 
 Merchant. C. 12. The Royal Combat, C. 13. An 111 Be 
 ginning has a Good End. C. Played at the Cockpit, 1613 
 Nos. 11, 12, and 13 were entered on the Stationers' Books, 
 June 29, 1660, but were never printed. Destroyed by Mr. 
 Warburton's servant. 14. The Fairy Knight. Ford and 
 Decker. Lost. 15. A Late Murther of the Sonne upon the 
 Mother. Ford and Webster. Lost. 16. The Bristowe Mer 
 chant, Ford and Decker. Lost. 
 
 A little manual, entitled A Line of Life, pointing at the 
 immortalitie of a vertuous name, 1620, 12mo, written by a 
 John Ford, has been attributed to our author. A collective 
 edit, of Ford's Dramatic Works, with an Introduction and 
 explanatory Notes by H. Weber, Esq., was pub., Lon., 1811, 
 2 vols. Svo. A notice of this edit., and of the characters 
 of Ford, by Lord Jeffrey, will be found in the Edin. Rev., 
 x. 275, 304, and another by William Gifford in the Quart. 
 Rev., vi. 462-487. Also see A Letter to William Gifford, 
 Esq., on a late Edition of Ford's Plays, chiefly as relating 
 to Ben Jonson, [in which it is proved that Jonson and 
 Ford were not hostile;] by Octavius Gilchrist, 1811, Svo. 
 A Letter to J. P. Kemble, Esq., involving Strictures on a 
 recent Edition of Ford's Dramatic Works, 1811, Svo, and 
 a letter on the same subject addressed to Richard Heber, 
 Esq., 1812, 8vo. Mr. Gifford, in the critique referred to 
 above, complains of the meagreness of Weber's biogra 
 phical account of his author, remarking that 
 
 "It would surely be unjust to appear dissatisfied at the imper 
 fect account of an ancient author when all the sources of informa 
 tion have been industriously explored. But in the present case we 
 doubt whether Mr. Weber can safely 'lay this flattering unction 
 to his soul ;' and we shall therefore give such a sketch of the poet's 
 life, as an attentive examination of his writings has enabled us to 
 compile." 
 
 Mr. Gifford proceeds to show that Weber was as faulty 
 an editor as he was a biographer. We need not, therefore, 
 be surprised that he determined himself to assume, those 
 duties which had been so inadequately performed by an 
 other. His edition of Ford's Works appeared in 1827, 2 
 vols. Svo. It is acknowledged to be far superior to the 
 preceding edition. In 1847 Mr. Tegg pub. Ford's Works 
 in the Dramatic Series of the Family Library, being Nos. 
 4 and 5, 18mo, of thai series. How heartily we approve 
 of Mr. Tegg's expurgated editions of the dramatic poets 
 may be gathered from our remarks in the article on Beau 
 mont and Fletcher, where we refer to Mr. Moxon's editions 
 of the same authors. In this latter series, The Works of 
 Massinger and Ford were pub. in one volume in 1848. In 
 the power of graphic representations of the tragic, the 
 terrible, and equally in the melting and the pathetic, Ford 
 has few equals. It is greatly to be deplored that his taste 
 was as bad as his genius was splendid, and that his licen 
 tiousness disgusts even whilst his imagination charms. 
 The revolting subjects selected for his best dramas The 
 Broken Heart, Love's Sacrifice, and 'Tis Pity She's a 
 Whore show a determination to excite attention even if 
 he failed to command respect, and to surprise the mind 
 rather than improve the heart. For this great error of 
 choice and treatment of subjects, he had not even the in 
 valid excuse pleaded for some in his day of importunate 
 creditors and straitness of bread : 
 
 "When he had outgrown the vanities of his youth, and esta 
 blished himself in business, he ostentatiously disdained all view 
 to profit in his writings, and appeared on the stage or in print only 
 at irregular intervals. He had, and took time, to write up to his 
 own ideal. He disowned all courtship of the vulgar taste; we 
 might therefore suppose that the horrible stories which he has em 
 braced in 'Tis Pity She's a Whore, The Broken Heart, and Love's 
 Sacrifice, were his own choice and his own taste. But it would be 
 unfair from hence to conclude that he delighted in the contem 
 plation of vice and misery, as vice and misery. He delighted in 
 the sensation of intellectual power; he found himself strong in the 
 imagination of crime and of agony ; his moral sense was gratified 
 by indignation at the dark possibilities of sin, by compassion for 
 rare extremes of suffering. He abhorred vice he admired virtue ; 
 but ordinary vice or modern virtue were, to him, as light wine to 
 a dram drinker. His genius was a telescope, ill adapted for neigh 
 
 bouring objects, but powerful to bring within the sphere of vision 
 what nature has wisely placed at an unsociable distance. . . . Un 
 questionably he displayed great power in these horrors, which was 
 all he desired ; but had he been ' of the first order' of poets, he 
 would have found and displayed superior power in familiar matter 
 of to-day, in failings to which all are liable, virtues which all may 
 practise, and sorrows for which all may be better." HARTLET 
 COLERIDGE : Introduction to MoxvrCs Edition of fbrd, 1848, q. v. 
 
FOR 
 
 FOR 
 
 This verdict is sufficiently charitable, certainly. In the 
 quotation "first order of poets," Coleridge doubtless re 
 fers to Charles Lamb's summing up of Ford's merits: 
 
 " Ford was of the first order of Poets. He sought for sublimity 
 not by parcels in metaphors or visible images, but directly where 
 ghe has her full residence in the heart of man ; in the actions and 
 sufferings of the greatest minds. There is a grandeur of the soul 
 above mountains, seas, and the elements. Even in the poor per 
 verted reason of Giovanni and Annabella we discern traces of that 
 fiery particle, which in the irregular starting from out of the road 
 of beaten action, discovers something of a right line even in obli 
 quity, and shews hints of an improveable greatness in the lowest 
 descents and degradations of our nature." Lamb's Specimens of 
 Eng. Dram. Poets. 
 
 Mr. Hazlitt, a critic of higher authority than Lamb, places 
 Ford in a much lower rank than the " first order of poets." 
 He remarks : 
 
 " Ford is not so great a favourite with me as with some others, 
 from whose judgment I dissent with diffidence. . . . The affected 
 brevity and division of some of the lines into hemistichs, Ac. so 
 as to make in one case a mathematical staircase of the words and 
 answers given to different speakers, is an instance of frigid and 
 ridiculous pedantry. An artificial elaborateness is the general 
 characteristic of Ford's style. In this respect his plays resemble 
 Miss Baillie's more than any others I am acquainted with, and are 
 quite distinct from the exuberance and unstudied force which cha 
 racterized his immediate predecessors. There is too much of scho 
 lastic subtlety, an innate perversity of understanding or predomi 
 nance of will, which either seeks the irritation of inadmissible 
 subjects, or to stimulate its own faculties by taking the most bar 
 ren, and making something out of nothing, in a spirit of contra 
 diction. He does not draw along with the reader : he does not work 
 upon our sympathy, but on our antipathy or our indifference; 
 and there is as little of the social or gregarious principle in his pro 
 ductions as there appears to have been in his personal habits, if 
 we are to believe Sir John Suckling, who says of him, in the Ses 
 sions of the Poets 
 
 'In the dumps John Ford alone by himself sat 
 With folded arms and melancholy hat.' " 
 
 Lect. on the Dram. Lit. of the Age of Elizabeth. 
 
 "Reversing the observation of Dryden on Shakspeare, it may be 
 said of Ford, that he 'wrote laboriously, not luckily:' always ele 
 gant, often elevated, never sublime, he accomplished by patient 
 and careful industry what Shakspeare and Fletcher produced by 
 the spontaneous exuberance of native genius. He seems to have 
 acquired early in life, and to have retained to the last, a softness 
 of versification peculiar to himself. Without the majestic march 
 of verse which distinguishes the poetry of Massinger, and with 
 none of that playful gaiety which characterizes the dialogue of 
 Fletcher, he is still easy and harmonious. There is, however, a 
 monotony in his poetry, which those who have perused his scenes 
 long together must have inevitably perceived. His dialogue is 
 declamatory and formal, and wants that quick chace of replication 
 and rejoinder so necessary to effect in representation." WILLIAM 
 GIFFORD : Quar. Rev., vi. 475. 
 
 In Lord Jeffrey's review, before referred to, on the merits 
 and demerits of Ford, he quotes abundantly in illustration 
 of his criticisms : 
 
 "We cannot afford any more space for Mr. Ford; and what we 
 have said, and what we have shown of him, will probably be 
 thought enough, both by those who are disposed to scoff, and those 
 who are inclined to admire. It is but fair, however, to intimate, 
 that a thorough perusal of his works will afford more exercise to 
 the former disposition than the latter. His faults are glaring and 
 abundant; but we have not thought it necessary to produce any 
 specimens of them, because they are exactly the sort of faults 
 which every one acquainted with the drama of that age reckons 
 upon finding. Nobody doubts of the existence of such faults: 
 but there are many who doubt of the existence of any counter 
 balancing beauties : and therefore it seemed worth while to say a 
 word or two in their explanation." Edin. Rev., xviii. 304. 
 
 We cannot persuade ourselves to conclude for we have 
 already lingered long enough on this theme without quot 
 ing the judicious criticism of one of the first of modern 
 authors : 
 
 " At a considerable distance below Massinger we may place his 
 contemporary, John Ford. In the choice of tragic subjects from 
 obscure fictions which have to us the charm of entire novelty, they 
 resemble each other; but in the conduct of their fable, in the de 
 lineation of their characters, each of these poets has his distin- 
 uishing excellencies. 'I know,' says Gifford, 'few things more 
 ifficult to account for, than the deep and lasting impression made 
 by the more tragic portions of Ford's poetry.' He succeeds how 
 ever pretty well in accounting for it ; the situations are awfully in 
 teresting, the distress intense, the thoughts and language becom 
 ing the expression of deep sorrow. Ford, with none of the moral 
 beauty and elevation of Massinger, has, in a much higher degree, 
 the power over tears; we sympathize even with his vicious charac 
 ters, with Giovanni, and Annabella, and Bianca. Love, and love 
 in guilt or sorrow, is almost exclusively the emotion he portrays; 
 HO heroic passion, no sober dignity, will be found in his tragedies 
 But he conducts his story well and without confusion; his Icenes 
 are often highly wrought and effective; his characters, with no 
 sinking novelty, are well supported; be is seldom extravagant or 
 regardless of probability. . Of comic ability this writer does not 
 display one particle. Nothing can be meaner than those portions 
 of his dramas which, in compliance with the prescribed rules of 
 that age, he devotes to the dialogues of servants and buffoons " 
 HALLAM : Introduc. to the Lit. of Europe. 
 
 The critics of a former age thought they discovered much 
 of the manner of the greatest of English poets in the lines 
 of the author of Love's Sacrifice, and The Broken Heart 
 614 
 
 and the latter, as we have already seen, has often been 
 named in rivalship with Rare Ben. We subjoin a verse in 
 which the two are introduced with no contemptible skill : 
 " 'Tis said, from Shakspeare's mine your play you drew, 
 What need when Shakspeare still survives in you? 
 But grant it were from his vast treasure reft, 
 That plund'rer Ben ne'er made so rich a theft." 
 
 THOMAS MAT. 
 
 Ford, Sir John. See FORD, SIR EDWARD. 
 
 Ford, John, Mayor of Bath. Manner of celebrating 
 his Majesty's Coronation at Bath, April 25, 1661, Lon., 
 1 661, fol. Reprinted in vol. vii. of the Soniers Collection. 
 
 Ford, John. Serm., 1735, 8vo. 
 
 Ford, John, M.D. 3 Letters on Med. Subjects, 1803. 
 
 Ford, Ranulph. Serms., Ac., 1711-20. 
 
 Ford, Richard, and others. Pet. to Parl., 1654, fol. 
 
 Ford, Richard. Works on Inoculation, 1791. 
 
 Ford, Richard, 1796-1858, a native of London. 
 Handbook for Spain, Lon., 1845, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 2d ed., 
 1847, 1 vol. ; new ed., partially rewritten, 1855. 
 
 " Lockhart nodded approbation ; George Borrow praised it in hia 
 fine emphatic language; Lord Stanhope confirmed the decisions 
 of Lockhart and Borrow; while across the Atlantic, men to be 
 listened to Washington Irving, Prescott, and Ticknor extended 
 its praises to the farthest civilized confines of the New World." 
 Lon. Ulust. News. 
 
 Commended by Lon. Quar. Rev., Ac. 
 
 2. Gatherings from Spain ; being extracts from No. 1* 
 with addits., 1846, 2 Pts., 12mo, or 1 vol. p. 8vo. 
 
 " Although the original design of this work was merely to pre 
 sent in a more readable type, and in a form suited to the library, 
 a series of entertaining extracts from the Hand-Book of Spain, the 
 author has nearly rewritten the whole in a more popular style, and 
 has introduced a vast quantity of new matter." Preface. 
 
 " Mr. Ford has shown himself an adept in the art of literary 
 rechauffage. His masterly and learned Hand-Book of Spain having 
 been found, by some who love to run and read, too small in type, 
 too grave in substance, he has skimmed its cream, thrown in many 
 well-flavoured and agreeable condiments, and presented the result 
 in one compact and delightful volume, equally adapted to amuse 
 by an English fireside or to be useful on the Spanish highway." 
 Hack wood's Mag. 
 
 " The best English book, beyond comparison, that has ever ap 
 peared for the illustration, not merely of the general topography 
 and local curiosities, but of the national character and manners 
 of Spain." Lon. fyuar. Rev. 
 
 Washington Irving also commends it as the best modern 
 popular account of Spain. 
 
 3. Tauromachia: the Bull Fights of Spain; 26 superb 
 drawings by Lake Price, with descriptions by R. Ford, 
 1852, imp. fol. Pub. at 4 4s. A splendid work. 
 
 Ford, Simon, 1619-1699, a divine and Latin poet of 
 great reputation, a native of East Ogwell, Devonshire, was 
 educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxf. ; Vicar of St. Laurence, 
 Reading, 1651 ; of All-Saints, Northampton, 1659 ; and of 
 Old Swinford, Worcestershire, 1685. He was one of the 
 translators of Plutarch's Morals, pub. 1684, and pub. a 
 number of serms., Latin poems, Ac., 1646-96, a list of 
 which will be found in Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Ford, Stephen. Evil Tongue, 1672, 8vo. Discourse, 
 1675, 8vo. 
 
 Ford, T. Acct. rel. to Lord Kilmarnock, Ac., 1746. 
 
 Ford, Thomas. Musicke of Sundrie Kindes, Lon., 
 1607, fol. 
 
 Ford, Thomas. 1. The Times Anatomized in severall 
 characters, Lon., 1647, 12mo. Sometimes erroneously at 
 tributed to Thomas Fuller, the historian. 2. Ludus For- 
 tunse, 1649, 12mo. 3. Panegyric on Chas. I., &c., 1660, 
 '61, 8vo. 4. Foenestra in Pectore, 1660, 8vo. 5. Love's 
 Labyrinth, &c. ; a Tragi- Comedy, 1660, 8vo. 6. A Theatre 
 of Wits, 1660, 8vo. 
 
 Ford, Thomas, LL.D. Serms., 1775, '83. 
 
 Ford, Thomas, LL.D. Serm., 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Ford, Thomas, late Gov. of Illinois. A Hist, of 
 Illinois from its commencement as a State in 1818 to 1847, 
 Chicago, 1854, 12mo. 
 
 " This is an excellent, common-sense, honest history of one of our 
 most flourishing States, by one who took an active part in its poli 
 tical struggles from its first organization." Amer. Index, Aug. 1855. 
 
 Ford, W. A Catalogue comprising the Historical and 
 Poetical Classics, Ac., Part 1. 
 
 Ford, Wm., or Forde. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1616, 4to. 
 
 Ford, Wm. Serms., 1733, '35, '57, '58. 
 
 Ford, Wm. Serms., Ac., 1762, '69, '76, '81. 
 
 Fordun, John De, an ancient Scottish historian, a 
 priest in the Church of Fordun, 1377. Of the particulars 
 | of his life but little is certainly known. From his work 
 much of the early history of Scotland is derived. 
 
 Scotichronicon genuinum, una cum ejusdeui Supple- 
 mento ac Continuatione, Oxonii, 1722, 5 vols. 8vo. This 
 is Hearne's edit. Another edit, was pub. at Edin., 1759, 
 I 2 vols. fol., and 1775, 2 vols. fol., viz. : Scotichronicon, 
 
FOR 
 
 FOR 
 
 cum Sup. et Continuatione Walter! Boweri. Cura Walter! 
 Goodall. (See QOODAL, WALTER.) MS. copies of For- 
 dun's history are in many public libraries. 
 
 " He begins the third [book] with the reign of Fergus the second, 
 and thence continues the succession with better confidence than 
 he has done in the foregoing reigns, wherein he is vastly outdone 
 by Boethius and late historians." Bishop Nicolson's Scot. Hist. 
 Lib., q. v. 
 
 "The learned and judicious Mr. Cambden has observed, That 
 all the /Scots Historians who have wrote since Fordoun's time, have 
 been very much beholding to his Diligence; and yet there are very 
 Material Differences betwixt his Account of several things and 
 theirs; of which I shall give the reader a few Instances." Mac 
 kenzie's Writers of the Scots Nation, q. v. 
 
 Fordyce, David, 1711-1751, a native of Aberdeen, 
 brother of James and Sir William, afterwards noticed, en 
 tered Marischal College, 1724, and was appointed Prof, 
 of Moral Philos. in that institution in 1742. Returning 
 from an extensive continental tour, he was drowned on 
 the coast of Holland in 1751. 1. Dialogues con. Educa 
 tion, Edin., 1745-48, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "A work of very considerable merit, but somewhat tinged with 
 the fopperies of the school of Shaftesbury, although entirely free 
 from its more injurious notions." 
 
 2. Theodorus ; a Dialogue concerning the art of Preach 
 ing, 1752, 12mo ; 3d ed., 1755, 12mo. 
 
 " Some useful hints." BickersteWs G. S. 
 
 This should be carefully studied by all young divines. 
 
 3. Elements of Moral Philosophy, 1754, 12mo; 4th ed., 
 1769, 12mo. Originally pub. as ninth division of Dodsley's 
 Preceptor. 4. The Temple of Virtue; a Dream, 1757, 12mo. 
 Pub. from the author's MSS., with some addits. by James 
 Fordyce, D.D., 1775, 12mo. 
 
 Fordyce, David. Letter Writer, Lon., 1790, 12mo. 
 
 Fordyce, George, M.D., 1736-1802, nephew of Da 
 vid, James, and Sir William, took his doctor's degree at 
 Leyden in 1758, settled in 1759 in London, and became a 
 distinguished lecturer and practitioner. 1. Elements of 
 Agricult. and Vegetation, Edin., 1765, '69, '71, Svo; Lon., 
 1796, Svo. 
 
 " This little work has always been esteemed as a very scientific 
 treatise." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 2. Elements of the Practice of Physic, Pts. 1 and 2, 
 1767-70, 8vo. 3. Dissertation on Simple Fever, 1794, 8vo. 
 
 4, 5, 6, 7. Dissertation on Fever, 4 Pts., viz. : 1795, '98, '99, 
 1802, 8vo. 8. Dissertation 5th, with conclusions to the 
 four preceding and present Dissertations, 1803, 8vo. Posth. 
 Edited by W. C. Wells, M.D. Fordyce on Fevers, 2d 
 Amer. ed., Phila., 1846, 8vo. 
 
 " The dissertations which compose the work of Dr. Fordyce on 
 Fevers are, of all his writings, these which in an especial manner 
 have established his reputation for sound medical views." South 
 ern Jour, of Med. and Phar. 
 
 9. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1776, '79, '80, '85, '87, '92, '94. 
 10. Con. to Trans. Med. and Chir., 1792, 1800. 
 
 "It must be confessed that, notwithstanding his great learning, 
 which embraced many subjects noway allied to medicine, he sel 
 dom wrote elegantly, often obscurely and inaccurately." Lon. 
 Gent. Mag., 1802; Obit. Notice, q. v. 
 
 Fordyce,Henrietta, "relict of James Fordyce, D.D." 
 Memoir of, with orig. Letters, Anecdotes, and Pieces of 
 Poetry, with a Sketch of the Life of James Fordyce, D.D., 
 Lon., 12mo. 
 
 " The book is a pleasant book, and could not be more interesting 
 than it is, if there was not one word of truth in it from beginning 
 to end. But it is a very entertaining and easily-written biography, 
 in which none of the sternness of fact has been made to give way 
 to the lighter graces of fiction." Lon. Literary Museum. 
 
 Fordyce, James, D.D., 1720-1796, a native 6f Aber 
 deen, brother of David, James, and Sir William, also 
 noticed in this Dictionary, was educated at Marischal 
 Coll., and became minister successively at Brechin, Alloa, 
 and of a dissenting congregation of Monkwell Street, Lon 
 don. He pub. several serms., poems, <fec., 1752-91. 1. Cha 
 racter and Conduct of the Female Sex, 1776, 8vo. 2. Ad 
 dresses to Young Men, Lon., 1777, 2 vols. 8vo. His best- 
 known work is the collection entitled Serms. to Young 
 Women, 1765, 2 vols. 12mo; 9th ed., 1778, 2 vols. sm. Svo. 
 
 "They discover much genius and imagination, a correct taste, 
 no little knowledge of the world, and a happy method of engaging 
 the attention and interesting the feelings." Wilson's Dissenters. 
 
 Fordyce, John, M.D. 1. Historia Febris Miliaris, 
 Lon., 1758, 8vo. 2. Usefulness of Bark in Scrofula; Med. 
 Obs. and Inq., 1755. 
 
 Fordyce, William. Mem. con. Herculaneum. Trans, 
 from the Italian, Lon., 1750, 8vo ; 1770, 4to. 
 
 Fordyce, William. History and Antiquities of the 
 County of Durham, 1857, 2 vols. demy 4to. 
 
 Fordyce, Sir William, 1724-1792, a brother of Da 
 vid and James, (see ante,) surgeon R. A., and subsequently 
 Lord Rector of Marischal Coll., Aberdeen, enjoyed an ex 
 tensive professional practice in London, where he died in 
 1792. 1. Review of the V. Disease and its Remedies, Lon., 
 
 1767, '72, 8vo. 2. Putrid and Inflam. Fevers, 1773, '77, Svo. 
 3. Fragmenta Chirurgica et Medica, 1784, 8vo. 4. Muri 
 atic Acid in Putrid Fevers; a Letter to Sir J. S., 1790, 8vo. 
 5. The importance of cultivating and curing Rhubarb in 
 Britain, 1792, Svo. At this time imported rhubarb cost 
 the nation 200,000 per annum. 6. Sarsaparilla Root in 
 the V. Disease; Med. Obs. and Inq., 1755. 
 
 Foreness, E. Serms., 1683, '84, 4to. 
 
 Forester, Fanny. See JUDSON, MRS. EMILY C. 
 
 Forester, Thomas. Serm., 1741, 4to. 
 
 Forester, Thomas. 1. Norway in 1848, '49, with 
 Extracts from the Journals of Lt. M. S. Biddulph, Lon., 
 1850, Svo. New ed., 1855, 16mo. 
 
 " Thanks for this very pleasant and instructive book, say we." 
 Lon. Church and State Gaz. 
 
 2. Everard Tunstal; a Tale, 1851, 3 vols. p. Svo. 3. 
 Norway and its Scenery, 1853, p. 8vo. 4. Rambles in 
 Sardinia, Ac., 1858, imp. Svo. 
 
 Foresti, E. Felix, LL.D., Prof, of the Italian lan 
 guage and literature in Columbia Coll., and in the Univ. of 
 the City of New York. Italian Reader, N. York, 12mo. 
 
 Forges. A Catalogue of part of the Rarities collected 
 by R. H., Lon., Svo. 
 
 Formaii, Charles. Letter, <fcc. rel. to Ostend Com 
 pany, Lon., 1725, '26. Ancient Parliaments of France, 
 1739, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Forman, Charles. Queries and Observ. upon the 
 Revol. in 1688, and its Consequences, Lon., 1741, Svo. 
 
 Forman, Simon, M.D., 1552-1611, a noted astro 
 loger, physician, and fortune-teller, whose name excites 
 sensations of horror to all who are familiar with the his 
 tories of the infamous Countess of Essex and the unfor 
 tunate Sir Thomas Overbury, studied for two years at 
 Magdalen ColL, Oxf., and subsequently devoted his atten 
 tion to physic and the stars. He wrote some treatises on 
 Astrology, <fcc., of which a list will be found in Athen. 
 Oxon. See Bliss's ed., ii. 98, 373. Many of his MSS. 
 are deposited in the Ashmolean Museum and in the British 
 Museum. The following extract will recall forcibly Mr. 
 James's graphic portraits in Arabella Stuart of Dr. For 
 man and Mrs. Anne Turner : 
 
 "He professed to his wife that there would be much trouble 
 about Sir Rob. Carr, earl of Somerset, and the Lady Frances, his 
 wife, who frequently resorted to him, and from whose company he 
 would sometimes lock himself in his study one whole day. He 
 had compounded things upon the desire of Mrs. Anne Turner, to 
 make the said Sir Rob. Carr, callid quo ad hanc, and Robert, earl 
 of Essex, frigid quo ad hanc : that is, to his wife, the Lady Frances, 
 who had a mind to be rid of him, and be wedded to the said Sir 
 Robert. He had made also certain pictures in wax, representing 
 Sir Robert and the said lady, to cause a love between each other, 
 with other such like things ; but Forman dying [he died suddenly 
 in a boat in the Thames] before he could effect the matter, Mrs. 
 Turner found out one Edward Gresham, an astrologer, to conclude 
 the matter ; but he also, if I mistake not, dropt away before the 
 marriage of Sir Robert and the said lady was concluded." Ubi 
 supra. 
 
 Forman, Sloper. Trans, from the French of M. 
 Forney's Elementary Principles of the Belles-Lettres, Lon., 
 1766, 12mo. 
 
 Formby, Henry. 1. A Visit to the East, Lon., 1843, 
 fp. Svo. 2. C. C. Guide to Psalmody, 1847, fp. Svo. 3. The 
 Roman Ritual, 1849, 12mo. 4. The Young Singer's Book 
 of Songs, 1851, 4to. 
 
 Forrest. A brief Defence of Curing continued Fevers. 
 
 Forrest, Alex. Baptismal Psalmody, Lon.,1751, 12mo. 
 
 Forrest, Lt.-Col. C. R. Pictorial Account of the 
 Rivers Ganges and Jumna, Lon., imp. 4to, with 24 col'd 
 views. Maps, &c., 4 4s.; large paper, 6 6*. This beau 
 tiful work presents the most picturesque scenes of the val 
 leys of these celebrated rivers. With the descriptions much 
 history is interspersed. 
 
 Forrest, Frederick. 1. Ways to Kill Care, by- 
 Young D'Urfey, Lon., 1761, Svo. 2. A Rattle for Grown 
 Children ; by Young D'Urfey, sm. Svo, with portrait, by W. 
 Elliot. 
 
 Forrest, John, M.D. Inoculation; Ann. of Med., 1811. 
 
 Forrest, Robert. Reports Cases in Ct. Exchequer, 
 M. T. to T. T. 41 Geo. III., Lon., Pt. 1, 1802, Svo. Never 
 completed. 
 
 Forrest, Thomas. A Perfite Looking-Glasse for 
 all Estates; from Isocrates, Ac., Lon., 1580, 4to. 
 
 Forrest, Captain Thomas. 1. A Voyage (1774- 
 76) to New Guinea and the Moluccas, &c., Lon., 1779, '99, 
 4to. 
 
 " This work supplies what is wanting in Sonnerat's, as it is full 
 on the physical and moral character of the inhabitants, and on 
 their language, mode of life, and trade." Stevenson's Cat. of Voy 
 ages and Travels. 
 
 Sonnerat treats of natural history, especially of zoology 
 and ornithology. 
 
FOR 
 
 2. A Voyage from Calcutta to the Mergui Archipelago, 
 
 "'This work is justly of great authority for its details in mari 
 time geography." Ubi supra. 
 
 Forrest, Win. 1. A New Ballade of the Marigolde. 
 Reprinted in vol. x. Harleian Miscellany. 2. Metrical 
 Account rel. to divorce of Q. Catharine. Reprinted in 
 vol. iv. Brit. Bibliographer. See an account of Forrest 
 and his works, printed and MS., in Athen. Oxon., Bliss s 
 
 Forrest, Wm. S. Hist, and Descrip. Sketches of Nor 
 folk, Va., Portsmouth, Ac., for 200 Years, Phila,, 1853, 8vo. 
 
 Forrester, Alexander, of the Middle Temple, was 
 a reporter of learning and skill, but would not permit his 
 name to be attached to the Chancery Cases temp. Talbot, 
 taken from his notes. This collection was first pub. in 
 1741 ; again in 1753, fol. j and in 1792, 8vo, by J. G. Wil 
 liams. They are sometimes cited as Forrester's Reports. 
 A number of cases in Hovenden's Supp. to Vesey, Jr.'s 
 Chancery Cases were also taken from Forrester's MSS. 
 
 Forrester, Alfred Henry. See CROWQUILL, ALFRED. 
 
 Forrester, J. R. Chemical Observ. and Exper. on 
 Air and Fire, from the German of Chas. Wm. Scheele ; 
 with Notes by R. Kirwan, and a Letter from Dr. Priestley, 
 Lon., 1780, 8vo. 
 
 Forrester, James. The Marrow and Juice of 200 
 Scriptures, Lon., 1611, 4to. 
 
 Forrester, Thomas. The Hierarchical Bishops, 
 Ac. ; in answer to Dr. Scott, Dr. Monro, and Mr. Honey- 
 man, 1699. 
 
 Forrester, Wm. Gent. Farrier, 1788, 8vo. 
 
 Forry, S. 1. The Climate of the United States and 
 its Endemic Influences, N. York, 1842, 8vo. 
 
 "A volume of highly interesting facts condensed into the 
 smallest compass." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 2. Meteorology, 1843, fol. 
 
 Forset, Edward. Bodies Natural and Politique, 1606. 
 
 Forss, Charles. Practical Remarks upon the Educa 
 tion of the Working Classes. 
 
 Forster, A. V. Fatal Ambition ; a Rom., 1811. 
 
 Forster, Charles, Rector of Stifsted. 1. Discourses 
 on Scrip. Hist. &c., Lon., 1823, 8vo. 2. Critical Essays 
 on Genesis, Chap, xx., and on Saint Matthew, Chap. ii. 
 17, 18 ; with Notes, 1827, 8vo. 
 
 "The professed aim of Mr. Forster in the publication of these 
 essays, is to lower the modern continental system of biblical inter 
 pretation." Uoi supra, q. v. 
 
 3. Mahometanism Unveiled, 1829, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Objectional statements in this work. See Christian Observer 
 and Burder*s Rise and Progress and Termination of Mahommedan 
 ism, 1830, 8vo."Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 Also see a review in Brit. Critic, vii. 1. 4. Life of Bishop 
 Jebb ; new ed., 1837, 8vo. 
 
 " The whole of the biography is written in a spirit of good feeling 
 and good taste, which do the highest honour to Mr. Forster." 
 Brit. Mag. 
 
 5. The Apostolical Authority of the Epistle to the He 
 brews, 1838, 8vo. 
 
 "The irresistible conclusion from the whole of the author's ela 
 borate researches is, that that Epistle is the genuine production o 
 the great apostle of the Hebrews." Home's Bibl. Bib., q. v., et Brit 
 Grit., xxvi. 167. 
 
 6. The Hist. Geography of Arabia; or, the Patriarcha 
 Evidences of Revealed Religion, 1844, 2 vols. 8vo. Th< 
 Appendix contains translations of the celebrated Hamya 
 ritic Inscriptions, recently discovered in Hadramaut 
 7. The One Primeval Language, Pts. 1, 2, and 3, 1851-52- 
 54, 8vo. 8. Six Preacher Serms., 1853, 8vo. 
 
 Forster, Rev. Edward. 1. The Arabian Nights 
 Entertainment, trans., with engravings from pictures by 
 Smirke, Lon., 1802, 5 vols. 8vo. Some copies on large 
 
 Saper, 4to. Late eds., 1839, r. 8vo; 1847, r. 8vo; 1853 
 emy 8vo. This has been commended as a very elegan 
 translation. There are also versions by Beaumont, Lane 
 Macnaghten, Scott, and Torrens. Respecting new transla 
 tions, see Westminster Rev., xxxi. 265, xxxiii. 201, am 
 Lon. Monthly Rev., cix. 362. Also see notices of th( 
 Arabian flights in Lon. For. Quar. Rev., xiv. 350, xxiv 
 1 ? 9 j A1 Lon< T' lec ' Rev -' 4t & s -> viii. 641 ; Amer. Whig Rev. 
 vi. 601 ; and especially the introduction to Forster's trans, 
 ed. 1839, by G. Moir Bussey. The Rev. Richard Hole' 
 Remarks on the Arabian Nights' Entertainments, Lon. 
 1797, 8vo, throw much light on the subject. This worl 
 was first introduced to European readers in 1704 throuel 
 the French trans, of M. Antony Galland, Prof of Arabi 
 in the Roy. Coll., Paris. Mr. Forster trans, this into Eng 
 lish, correcting M. Galland's inaccuracies. Mr. Lane' 
 trans, is immediately from the Arabic. This is a pleasan 
 theme, and we leavo it with regret. We should be gla 
 616 
 
 FOR 
 
 o quote the testimonies of Lady Montague, Colonel Cap 
 er, Dallaway, Lane, and others, to the value of this work, 
 s a faithful portraiture of the land where they " talk in 
 owers." 
 
 " The Arabian Nights have lost none of their charms for me. All 
 he learned and wiseacres of England cried out against this won- 
 erful work, upon its first appearance ; Gray among the rest. Yet 
 doubt whether anv man, except Shakspeare, has afforded so 
 nuch delight, if we open our hearts to receive it. The author of 
 he Arabian Nights was the greatest benefactor the East ever had. 
 lot excepting Mahomet. How many hours of pure happiness has 
 le bestowed on six-and-twenty millions of hearers! All the springs 
 f the Desert have less refreshed the Arabs than those delightful 
 ales, and they cast their gems and genii over our benighted and 
 oggy regions." LEIGH HUNT. 
 
 2. Anacreontis Odse, Ac., 1802, 8vo. 3. The Brit. Gal- 
 ery of Engravings, with descriptions. 12 Nos. complete ; 
 j2 Plates, 2 2s. each ; large paper, 3 13s. 6d. each. 
 North sale, with proofs and etchings on India Paper, 
 40 19s. 
 
 Forster, Edward. See FOSTER. 
 
 Forster, Edward, Jr. Catalogue Avium in Insulis 
 3ritannicis habitantium, Lon., 1817, 8vo. 
 
 Forster, George, d. 1792, an employee in the Civil 
 Service of the E. India Company. 1. Sketches of the My- 
 hology and Customs of the Hindoos, Lon., 1785, 8vo. 2. A 
 Journey from Bengal to England, 1798, 2 vols. 4to; 1808, 
 2 vols. 8vo. This traveller is not to be confounded with 
 jreorge Forster, the companion of Captain Cook, who, 
 jeing a foreigner, (George was a native of Dantzic, and 
 lis father, J. R. Forster, a native of Dirschau,) can claim 
 no place in our Dictionary. 
 
 Forster,H.P. 1. A Bengalee and English Vocabulary, 
 n two Pts., Calcutta, 1799-1802, 2 vols. 4to. 2. Essay on 
 ihe Principles of Sanskrit Grammar, Pt. 1, 1801, r. 4to. 
 
 Forster, John. England's happiness increased by a 
 Plantation of Potatoes, Lon., 1664, 4to. 
 
 Forster, John, of Beercrocombe. Serm., 1746, 4to. 
 
 Forster, John, of Elton. Serms., 1755, '57, '64. 
 
 Forster, John. Observ. on our Saviour's Discourse 
 with the Pharisee Lawyer; anon., Lon., s. a., 12ino. 
 
 Forster, John, Her Majesty's Chaplain of the Savoy. 
 1. The Churchman's Guide; a Copious Index of Serms. 
 and other Works, by eminent Church of Eng. Divines, 
 digested and arranged, according to their subjects, and 
 brought down to the present day, Lon., 1840, 8vo. 
 
 " I would have young clergymen make very great use of the 
 works of able Divines ; not inconsiderately and servilely transcribe 
 them, but modify, digest, contract, amplify, vary, adapt them to 
 the purpose, improve, if possible, what they may find in them : 
 for then it will fairly become their own, and mix naturally with 
 what proceeds altogether from themselves." SECKER. 
 
 2. The Gospel Narrative, 3d ed., 1847, r. 8vo. 
 
 " I think the work will be very acceptable to serious readers, by 
 pointing out the solution of doubts and objections, and setting 
 the language and actions of our blessed Lord in their true light." 
 Ttie Late ArcMrishop of Canterbury. 
 
 "I think it likely to be extensively and profitably used." 
 Archbishop of York. 
 
 "I know no Harmony which may be consulted with so much 
 advantage." Bishop of Winchester. 
 
 Also commended by the present Archbp. of Canterbury, 
 the Archbp. of Armagh, and the Bps. of Exeter, Lichfield, 
 Lincoln, Winton, Llandaff, and Worcester. 
 
 Forster, John, of the Inner Temple, b. 1812, at New 
 castle, England, occupies an eminent position as a jour 
 nalist and author. He has for twenty-four years written 
 for the London Examiner, for the last twelve of which he 
 has had the sole charge of the editorial department. (See 
 FONBLANQUE, ALBANY.) He has contributed to the 
 Edinburgh Review, the Foreign Quarterly Review, (of 
 which he was for four years the editor.) and other publica 
 tions. After Charles Dickens left the Daily News, Mr. 
 Forster acted as editor for a short season. Mr. F. is best 
 known to the public by his two popular works entitled, 
 1. The Statesmen of the Commonwealth of England, Lon., 
 1840, 7 vols. fp. 8vo. New ed., 1854, 2 vols. demy 8vo. 
 Also pub. in Dr. Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia, vols. ii., Hi., 
 iv., v., and vi. Amer. ed., N. York, 1847, 8vo, edited by 
 Rev. J. 0. Choules. 
 
 " This chain of biographies may be considered as constituting a 
 complete narrative of the most extraordinary and eventful period 
 in the history of England. We regard them as additions of the 
 very highest value to what we may term our political literature." 
 Lon. Morn. Cfiron. 
 
 2. The Life and Adventures of Oliver Goldsmith, 1848, 
 8vo. New ed., The Life and Times of Oliver Gold 
 smith, 1854, 2 yols. 8vo. Abridged ed., 1855, cr. 8vo. 
 It is well known that the publication of this work 
 was the occasion of a controversy with Mr. Prior rela 
 tive to the use made by Mr. Forster of his materials. 
 See Lon. Athenaeum, June 16 and 17, 1848. Without 
 
FOR 
 
 entering into any detailed discussion of the matter, for 
 which we have neither space nor inclination, we may be 
 excused for the expression of the opinion that Mr. Prior 
 greatly magnified his grievances, if indeed any existed, 
 of which we are by no means persuaded. Perhaps Mr. 
 Forster should have been rather more liberal in acknow 
 ledgments; but Mr. Prior's claim to a permanent mono 
 poly of facts, by whomsoever discovered, which have be 
 come items of current knowledge, is surely untenable. 
 Mr. Forster's biography has been greatly and deservedly 
 admired : we have space for a few lines only of quotations, 
 and must refer the inquisitive reader to the Dublin Univ. 
 Mag., Sharpens Mag., and the N. Amer. Rev. Our quota 
 tions shall be of passages in which the three prominent 
 biographers of Goldsmith Prior, Forster, and Irving- 
 are all introduced. 
 
 " Mr. Forster's spirited and eloquent sketch, though deformed by 
 certain mannerisms, or rather Carlylisms, which we would rather 
 have seen avoided, is, unquestionably, a valuable addition to our 
 standard literary biography ; whilst to the ' voluminous and in 
 defatigable' Mr. Prior belongs the undisputed honour of having 
 collected and preserved, from tradition and other sources, nearly 
 all the particulars of Goldsmith's life, which could by possibility 
 be discovered. We do not wish to disparage the patient research 
 and enthusiastic labours of Mr. Prior, when we speak of Mr. Fors 
 ter's work as readable, valuable, and entertaining ; for the diligent 
 compiler and the skilful adapter are in our opinion equally en 
 titled to their meed of approbation. Nor will we quarrel with the 
 work of Washington Irving, because it contains no startling fact 
 that is not to be found in the two preceding biographies." 
 F. LAWRENCE : Sharpens Lon. Mag. 
 
 "Mr. Prior was a laborious collector of facts, who, by dint of pa 
 tient research, and nothing else, made a book as little attractive 
 as a Life of Goldsmith could be. Mr. Forster drew from the distaff 
 thus carefully stored with raw material a smooth thread, around 
 which he allowed all the characteristic circumstances and associa 
 tions of the time to crystallize, forming a mass at once solid and 
 transparent, but not without, now and then, a little superfluous 
 glitter. Mr. Irving, selecting at will from the whole, has, with his 
 usual taste, presented us with ' gems in order, fitly set,' from whose 
 shifting and delicate hues flashes forth a portrait, possessing the 
 accuracy without the hardness of the daguerreotype, though not, 
 like that, made of sunshine." N. Amer. Sev., Ixx. 266. 
 
 Any writer might well feel proud of the commendation 
 of Washington Irving, and we therefore, in justice to Mr. 
 Forster, quote a graceful compliment paid to the latter in 
 the Preface to Irving's Life of Goldsmith. Mr. Irving's 
 original biographical sketch was published some years be 
 fore the appearance of Forster's biography. This sketch 
 the author was induced to enlarge that it might take its 
 proper place in the revised series of his works, issued by 
 Messrs. George P. Putnam & Co. of New York. The re 
 ference to Mr. Forster's biography alluded to is as follows : 
 
 " When I was about of late to revise my biographical sketch, 
 preparatory to publication, a volume was put into my hands, re 
 cently given to the public by Mr. John Forster, of the Inner Tem 
 ple, who, likewise availing himself of the labours of the indefati 
 gable Prior, and of a few new lights since evolved, has produced a 
 biography of the poet, executed with a spirit, a feeling, a grace, 
 and an elegance, that leave nothing to be desired. Indeed it would 
 have been presumption in me to undertake the subject after it had 
 been thus felicitously treated, did I not stand committed by my 
 previous sketch." 
 
 Mr. Forster has increased the obligations of the public 
 by the publication of his Lives of Daniel De Foe and 
 Charles Churchill. Reprinted, with Additions, from the 
 Edin. Rev., and forming Pts. 76 and 77, or vol. xxxviii., 
 of Longman & Co.'s Travellers' Library. In these bio 
 graphies Mr. Forster has pursued the same plan which 
 renders his Life of Goldsmith so valuable a picture of the 
 men and manners of the day : he surrounds us with the 
 shades of the departed great, the contemporaries of De 
 Foe and Churchill, whose influence pervaded all the rami 
 fications of political and social life. Mr. Forster pub. in 
 1858 Historical and Biographical Essays, 2 vols. ; com 
 posed of articles originally contributed to quarterly reviews, 
 and of new matter. Commended in Lon. Athen., 1858, 620. 
 
 Forster, Joseph. The Origin of Evil, the Founda 
 tion of Morality,and the Immateriality of the Soul,1734,8vo. 
 
 Forster, Nathaniel, 1717-1757, a divine of great 
 learning, was a native of Stadscombe, Devonshire, and 
 educated at Eton, and Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf., of which 
 he became Fellow, 1729; Rector of Hethe, Oxfordshire, 
 1749; Preb. of Bristol and Vicar of Rochdale, 1754; 
 Preacher at the Rolls, 1757. 1. Antiq. of Govt, Arts, and 
 Sciences, in Egypt, Oxf., 1743, 8vo. 2. Platonis Dialogi 
 quinque, 1745, '52, '65. First ed. the best* 3. Account 
 supposed to have been given of Jesus Christ by Josephus, 
 Oxf., 1749, 8vo. Highly commended by Warburton and 
 Bryant. 4. Biblia Hebraica, sine punctis, Oxon., 1750, 2 
 vols. 4to. 5. Remarks on Stibbing's Diss. on Marriage of 
 Minors, 1755. 6. Serms., 1746-67. 
 
 "I have often wished for a hand capable of collecting all the 
 
 FOR 
 
 fragments remaining of Porphyry, Celsus, Hierocles, and Julian, 
 and giving them to us with a just, critical, and theological com 
 ment, as a Defy to Infidelity. . . . This would be a very noble 
 work. I know of none that has all the talents fit for it but your 
 self. . . . Think of it : you cannot do a more useful thing to reli 
 gion or your own character." Bishop Warburtorfs Letter to Dr. 
 Forster. 
 
 Would that the hint had been carried out ! The work 
 would have been curious and interesting; though, as re 
 gards Evidences of Christianity, he who can withstand the 
 evidences within, around, and before him, written and un 
 written, is surely beyond all human suasion. 
 
 Forster, Nathaniel, Rector of All-Saints, Colchester. 
 1. Serms., 1767, '70. 2. An Inquiry into the Causes of the 
 Present High Price of Provisions, in two Parts, Lon., 
 1767, 8vo. 
 
 "This is perhaps the ablest of the many treatises published 
 about this period, on the rise of prices. It contains, indeed, not 
 a few principles and conclusions that are quite untenable. But 
 the comprehensiveness of the author's views, and the liberal and 
 philosophical spirit by which the work is pervaded, make it both 
 valuable and interesting. ... It affords ample evidence of the 
 author's talent and zeal for the public good."McCuttoch's Lit. of 
 Polit. Econ. 
 
 3. An Answer to Sir John Dalrymple's Pamphlet on the 
 Exportation of Wool, Colches., 1782, 8vo. 
 
 Forster, Nicholas, Bishop of Killaloe. 1. Serm. on 
 
 1. Cor. i. 10, Dubl., 1716, 4to. 2. On Tim. ii. 1, 2, 1716, 8vo. 
 Forster, R. B. Travels through Louisiana, trans. 
 
 from M. Bossu, 1771-72, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Chiefly interesting from the minute details into which it enters 
 respecting the Illinois territory. Mr. Forster's translation contains 
 a catalogue of American plants." Stevenson's Voyages and Travels. 
 
 M. Bossu pub. a few years afterwards Nouveaux Voyages 
 dans 1'Amerique Septentrionale. 
 
 Forster, R. W. E. The Copyhold and Customary 
 Tenure, <fec. Acts, 4 and 5 Viet., and 6 and 7 Vicfc, Lon., 
 1843, 12mo. 
 
 Forster, Richard, M.D. Ephemerides Meteorologies 
 ad ann. 1575, <fcc., Lon., 1575, 8vo. 
 
 Forster, Richard. Serm., 1684, 4to. 
 
 Forster, Rev. Richard. Bills of Mortality of Great 
 Shefford, and other con. to Phil. Trans., 1757, '59, '62. 
 
 Forster, Samuel. See FOSTER. 
 
 Forster, Samuel. Digest of Laws rel. to Customs 
 and Navigation, <fcc., Savoy, Lon., 1727, 8vo. The intro 
 duction contains a valuable Dissertation on the Nature, 
 Extent, and Method of Collection of the Ancient Revenue 
 of the Crown. 
 
 Forster, Thomas. The Layman's Lawyer, 1656, '58. 
 
 Forster, Thomas. Serms., 1672, 1715, '18. 
 
 Forster, Thomas. A New Island, lately-raised out 
 of the sea near Tercera; Phil. Trans., 1722. 
 
 Forster, Thomas. Serms. and Letters, 1759, '64. 
 
 Forster, Thomas. Tracts ag. Quakers, &c., 1810, '13. 
 
 Forster, Thomas. 1. Nat. Hist, of the Swallow, 
 6th ed., Lon., 1817, 8vo. 2. Atmospheric Phenomena, 1813, 
 '15, '23, 8vo. 3. Poems of Catullus, 12mo. 4. Perpetual 
 Calendar Illustrating the events of every Day in the Year, 
 as connected with Hist., Chronol., Botany, Nat. Hist, As- 
 tron., Customs, Antiq., &c., 8vo. 
 
 " Much credit is due to the author for the mass of useful infor 
 mation he has compiled, and for the judicious manner in which he 
 has contrived to relieve the dryness of scientific detail by the in 
 troduction of amusing anecdotes and occasional remarks." Lon. 
 Eclectic Review. 
 
 Other works. 
 
 Forster, Thomas Furley. 1. Flora Tonbridgensis, 
 1801, 12mo; 1816, cr.Svo. 2. Viola. 3. Caltha; in Trans. 
 Linn. Soc., 1802, '07. 
 
 Forster, Thompson. 1. Con. Med. Facts, 1794, '95. 
 
 2. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1814. 
 
 Forster, Westgarth. Treat, on a Sec. of the Strata 
 from Newcastle-upon-Tyne to Cross Fells, 2d ed., 1821, 8vo. 
 
 Forster, Wm. Oughtred's Circles, 1632, '60. 
 
 Forster, Wm. Causes and Cures of Diseases, 1745, 8vo. 
 
 Forster, Wm. Serm., Lon., 1755, 4to. 
 
 Forster, Wm., Minister of the Congreg. Ch., Kentish 
 Town. Discourses, Ac., Lon., 1850-52. 
 
 Forsyth, Alex. Culture of the Potato, Lon., 1848, 8vo. 
 
 "The subjects are most judiciously handled." Donaldson's 
 Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Forsyth, C. Laws of Trusts in Scot., Edin., 1844, 8vo. 
 
 Forsyth, J. S. The Antiquary's Portfolio, Lon., 1825, 
 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 Forsyth, J. S. A Synopsis of Medical Jurisprudence, 
 Anatomically, Physiologically, and Forensiciilly illustrated 
 for the Faculty of Medicine, Coroners, Magistrates, Law 
 yers, and Jurymen, Lon., 1829, 12mo. This is indeed a 
 subject of great importance. See BECK, J. R. and JOHN 
 B.; DEAN, AMOS; DUNGLISON, ROBLEY; FARR, SAMUEL; 
 
 617 
 
FOR 
 
 FONBLANQTJE, JOHN S. M. ; KAY, ISAAC J TRAILX, THOMAS 
 
 STEWART; STILLE, MORETON; WHARTON, FRANCIS, Ac. 
 Forsyth, James. Serm., Lon., 1615, 4to. 
 Forsyth, John Hamilton. Mem. of, with a Selec 
 tion of his Serms., by the Rev. Edward Wilson, Lon., 1849, 
 8vo; 2d ed., 1850, 8vo; 3d ed., 1851, 8vo. 
 
 Forsyth, Joseph, 1763-1815, a native of Elgin, in the 
 county of Moray, conductor of a classical school at New- 
 ington-Butts, near London, travelled upon the Continent, 
 and was imprisoned for several years whilst Great Britain 
 was at war with France. Remarks on Antiquities, Arts, 
 and Letters, during an Excursion in Italy, 1802-03, Lon., 
 1813, 8vo; 4th ed., corrected and completed to 1835, 8vo. 
 " The best book that has yet appeared on Italy, whether we con 
 sider the depth and originality of the remarks, or the terseness and 
 nervousness of the language. Matthews justly describes it as 'a 
 mine of original remarks, expressed in the most forcible language.' " 
 "An admirable work, giving, in a short compass, much informa 
 tion, and indicating strong powers of mind and a correct taste." 
 Stevenson's Voyages and Travels. 
 
 " There are countries of the globe which possess a permanent 
 and peculiar interest in human estimation. They are those where 
 the most momentous historical events occurred and civilization 
 first dawned. Foremost among them stands Italy. Thus, so ac 
 curate a work as the one mentioned will be perused with great 
 interest and pleasure." N. Amer. Rev. 
 
 "An accomplished traveller, of extraordinary capacity, extensive 
 erudition, and refined taste." LORD BYRON. 
 
 Forsyth, Robert. 1. Principles and Prac. of Agri- 
 cult. Explained, Edin., 1804, 2 vols. 8vo. Originally pub. 
 in Encyc. Brit., 4th ed. 
 
 "The writer displays, throughout, much sound sense, and a 
 sober discretion, as in every work that was done by the author." 
 Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 2. Beauties of Scotland, 1805, 5 vols. 8vo. 3. The Prin 
 ciples of Moral Science, 1805, vol. i., 8vo. 
 
 " It cannot be denied, we think, that it indicates very consider 
 able talents, and treats of a most important subject with some 
 spirit and ingenuity." LORD JEFFREY: Edin. Rev., vii. 413, q. v. 
 
 Forsyth, Win., 1737-1804, a native of Old Meldrum, 
 county of Aberdeen, Sup't of the Chelsea Gardens until 
 1784, when he became Sup't of the Royal Gardens at Ken 
 sington and St. James. 1. Diseases, &c. of Fruit and Fo 
 rest Trees, Lon., 1791, 8vo. 2. Culture and Management 
 of Fruit Trees, 1802, 4to; 1824, 8vo. Trans, into French 
 by Pictet-Mallet. 
 
 Forsyth, Wm., Jr., son of the preceding, and his suc 
 cessor at Chelsea Gardens. A Botanical Nomenclator, Lon., 
 1794, 8vo. Highly esteemed in its day. 
 
 Forsyth, Wm., Barrister-at-Law, late Fellow of Trin. 
 Coll., Camb. 1. Abridgt. of the Stat. rel. to Scot., 1789- 
 1827, Edin., 1827, 3 vols. 8vo. 2. Diet of the Stat. Laws 
 of Scot, 1842, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. Compos, with Creditors, Lon., 
 1841, 8vo ; 2d ed., 1844, 8vo. Amer. ed., Harrisburg, 1845, 
 8vo. 4. Law rel. to Simony, 1844, 8vo. 5. Hortensius : 
 an Hist. Essay on the Duties of an Advocate, 1849, p. 8vo. 
 " Hortensius is an attempt to represent, in an historical fashion, 
 the progress of the writer's craft, from the rude forms of the an 
 cient codes to the complicated machinery of modern statutes at 
 large ; and we must admit that the author has written a very 
 pleasant and useful book." Lon. Athenaum. 
 
 6. Laws rel. to the Custody of Infants, 1850, 8vo. 7. Hist 
 of Trial by Jury, 1852, 8vo. Quoted in Lieber's Work on 
 Civil Liberty. 
 
 Fort, Francis. Gamaliel ; a Serm., Lon., 1753, 8vo. 
 Fortescue, Earl. Selec. from the Speeches and 
 Writings of Lord King, with a Short Introductory Memoir 
 by Earl Fortescue, Lon., 1844, demy 8vo. 
 
 "He possessed those great requisites of happiness equanimity, 
 cheerfulness of temper, and the habit of continually employing 
 his mind in the pursuit of noble or useful objects." Lord King's 
 Life of Locke. 
 
 "Earl Fortescue has rendered good service to both economic 
 and moral science by this seasonable publication. His selections 
 are most judiciously made, and will raise his relative's character 
 as an able and upright politician, whose views were singularly in 
 advance of his age, while every parliamentary session adds proof 
 of their soundness." ion. Athenceum. 
 
 Fortescue, Lady E. Hymns, mostly from the Ger 
 man, Lon., 1847, 18mo. 
 
 Fortescue, J., D.D. Essays, Moral and Miscella 
 neous, Lon., 1752, '59. 
 
 Fortescue, Sir John, supposed to have died about 
 1485, aged 90, was the third son of Sir Henry Fortescue, 
 Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. Prince, in his Worthies 
 of Devonshire, presumed him to have been educated at 
 Oxford, and Bishop Tanner locates him at Exeter Coll. 
 At Lincoln's Inn he soon became famous for his knowledge 
 of civil and common law, and in 1430 was made a Serjeant- 
 at-Law; in 1441, King's Serjeant-at-Law; and in 1442 
 Chief Justice of the King's Bench. He stood high in fa 
 vour with Henry VI., and when that monarch was obliged 
 to take refuge in Scotland, Fortescue clung to his fallen 
 618 
 
 FOR 
 
 fortunes. It was probably at this time Henry created him 
 Chancellor of England. In 1463 he accompanied Queen 
 Margaret, Prince Edward, and a number of the adherents 
 of the House of Lancaster, to Flanders, where he remained 
 many years. Whilst thus in exile, he composed his cele 
 brated work entitled De Laudibus Legum Angliee, with a 
 view to the future guidance of Prince Henry, if he should 
 ever reach the throne. The young prince was cut off by 
 ;he hand of the murderer in the flower of his days, but the 
 De Laudibus Legum Angliae has survived many thrones, 
 and is still resorted to as a fountain of inestimable wisdom. 
 Fortescue returned to England with Queen Margaret and 
 Prince Edward, and was taken prisoner after the battle 
 of Shrewsbury, in 1471. He was pardoned by King Ed 
 ward, retracted a paper he had written against the claims 
 of the House of York, and lived the rest of his days in 
 .earned retirement at Ebburton, in Gloucestershire. In 
 addition to the work noticed above, he left many Latin 
 tracts, (MSS.,) and an English treatise, entitled The Dif 
 ference between an Absolute and Limited Monarchy, as it 
 more particularly regards the English Constitution. This 
 was pub. in 1714, 8vo, with Remarks by the author's de 
 scendant, John Fortescue Aland. It proves and enlarges 
 upon the superior degree of liberty possessed by the Eng 
 lish over the French. It was probably written after De 
 Laudibus, &c., as the author does not quote it in the latter 
 work. See Oldys's Brit Lib., 250-254. The De Laudibus 
 Legum Angliae was first printed by Whitchurch, sine anno, 
 but in the early part of the reign of Henry VIII. In 1516, 
 12mo, a trans, into English, made by Robert Mulcaster, 
 was given to the world. Reprinted 1567, '73, '75, 78, '99, 
 1609, with Hengham's Summae Magna et Parva, and Notes 
 by Selden on De Laudibus, <fcc., 1616, '60, '72. Mulcaster, 
 the translator, says, in his dedication to John Walshe : 
 
 "It hapned me of late to light upon this little Treatise, which I 
 incontinent desired to runne ouer, because it seemed to discourse 
 upon some points of the law of our countrie whereof I myself then 
 was and am now a student. When I had ouerrunne it, and be 
 cause I wished all men to haue part of my delight, methought it 
 good to translate it into English forth of Latine." 
 
 Trans, into English, illustrated with the Notes of Mr. 
 Selden, and a great variety of Remarks with respect to the 
 Antiq., Hist., and Laws of Eng. ; to which are added the 
 Summae of Hengham, by J. Glanvill, 1737, fol.; 2d ed., 1741. 
 New ed., including Selden's Notes and Hengham's Summae, 
 with a large Hist. Pref. by Francis Gregor, 1775, 8vo. 
 The notes and references in this ed. are more ample than in 
 any of the preceding eds., and the trans, is more accurate. 
 The last ed. of Fortescue is by A. Amos, Camb., 1825, 8vo. 
 The trans, is the same as Gregor's : 
 
 " Professor Amos judiciously retained some of the notes of former 
 editions, but for the most part added new ones, which are less 
 copious than Gregor's. Professor Amos discharged the office of 
 Annotator with ability and moderation." Marvin's Leg. Bibl., q. 
 v. for a reference to authorities subjoined. 
 
 In 1663, fol., Mr. E. Waterhouse pub. Fortescutus Illus- 
 tratus ; or, A Comment on that Nervous Treatise, De Lau 
 dibus Legum Angliae. For Hargrave's opinion of this 
 work see WATERHOUSE, E. The merits of De Laudibus 
 Legum Angliae are unquestionable ; and, as we have already 
 stated, its authority has lost nothing by the lapse of time : 
 
 " All good men and lovers of the English constitution speak of 
 him with honour ; and he still lives, in the opinion of all true 
 Englishmen, in as high esteem and reputation as any judge that 
 ever sat in Westminster Hall." JOHN FORTESCUE ALAND. 
 
 We quote some other commendations of this learned 
 Treatise : 
 
 " Aureolum hunc dialogum-libellum. de quo dicit potest id quod 
 de fluvio Teleboa scripsit Xenophon, Mcyaj ptv, ov xaAoj os . . . 
 Certe leges nostrise ut in illo libro videbis persapienter compo- 
 sitae." SIR WILLIAM JONES, in a letter to a learned foreigner. 
 
 " His writing showeth a sharp judgment, and in this is exquisite 
 and artificial, that when he endeavoureth to be plain, he speaketh 
 not to be profound, for he writ to a king, who deserved things 
 plainly opened." 
 
 " Sir John Fortescue, whose learned ' Commentaries on the Law' 
 
 make him femous to all posterity." Fuller's Worthies of Devonshire . 
 
 "An admirable treatise, which, for the excellence of its method, 
 
 solidity of matter, and justness of its views, excels every work on 
 
 that subject." HENRY. 
 
 "An ingenious defence of the Common Law of England against 
 the attacks of civil lawyers. Bracton and Fortescue are the two 
 most learned and almost the only learned of the Ancient Law 
 yers." BISHOP WARBURTON. 
 
 "It displays sentiments upon liberty and limited government 
 which one could not expect to find in a writer of this period ; and 
 there runs through the whole an air of probity that conciliates the 
 attention of the reader." 
 
 See 10 Rep., Pref. 28; 3 Pref. 21 j Willes, 543; 1 West's 
 Ca., temp. Hard., 27; 10 West. Rev., 97; North's Dis., 85; 
 No. 54, L. M., 283; 1 Kent, 501 ; Pref. Gregor's Fortescue; 
 Fulbeck's Preparative, 70 ; 4 Reeves's Hist, 112; Nicol- 
 son's Eng. Hist. Lib., 163 ; Marvin's Leg. Bib., 319. 
 
FOR 
 
 Fortescue, Sir John. See ALAND, JOHN FORTESCUE. 
 
 Fortescue, John. Serm., 1760, Svo. 
 
 Fortescue, Thomas. The Foreste or Collection of 
 Historyes no less profitable than pleasant and necessary, 
 done out of French into English, Lon., 1571, 4to. 
 
 "The genius of these tales may be discerned from their history. 
 The book is said to have been written in Spanish by Petro de 
 Messia, then translated into Italian, thence into French by Claude 
 Cruget. a citizen of Paris, and lastly from French into English by 
 Fortescue. But many of the stories seem to have originally mi 
 grated from Italy to Spain." Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet. 
 
 Forth, Earl of. Letter to Earl of Essex, 1643, 4to. 
 
 Forth, Henry. Supper of our Lord, 1548, 16mo. 
 
 Forth, Wm. Letter to Bp. of Norwich, 1813. 
 
 Fortnum, Mrs. 1. The Adventures of Victor Allen ; 
 a Nov., 1805, 2 vols. 2. Cordelia, 2 vols. 
 
 Fortrey, Samuel, a Gentleman of the King's Bed- 
 Chamber. England's Interest and Improvement, consist 
 ing in the Increase of the State and Trade of this King 
 dom, Camb., 1663, '73, 1744, Svo. 
 
 " Chiefly remarkable for having powerfully assisted in raising 
 and perpetuating that prejudice against the trade with France 
 which resulted not long after in its almost total prohibition." 
 McOulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ. 
 
 Fortune, E. F. T. 1. Epitome of the Stocks and 
 Funds, Lon., 1796, 12mo; 16th ed., by D. M. Evans, 1851, 
 12mo. 2. Hist, of the Bk. of England, 1796, Svo. 3. Nat. 
 Life Annuities, 1809. 
 
 Fortune, Robert, b. 1813, at Berwick, Scotland. 
 Three Years' Wanderings in the Northern Provinces of 
 China; 3d ed., Lon., 1853, 2 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 "Mr. Fortune was sent to China for the purpose of obtaining new 
 plants, and his instructions directed him to pay all possible attention 
 to the horticulture and agriculture of the people ; and on these 
 points his work will be most welcome." Lon. Gardener's Chron. 
 
 " This is a genuine book, as full of interest and amusement as 
 it is empty of pretences at fine writing." Lon. Athen. 
 
 Two Visits to the Tea-Countries of China, 2 vols. p. Svo. 
 A Residence among the Chinese ; being the Third Visit 
 from 1853 to 1856, Svo, 1857. 
 
 Fosbrooke, John. Six Serins., Camb., 1633, 4to. 
 
 Fosbrooke, Thomas Dudley, 1770-1842, educated 
 at St. Paul's School, and Pembroke Coll., Oxf. ; M.A., 
 1792; Curate of Horsley, 1794; Curate of Walford, 1810, 
 and Vicar, 1830. 1. The Economy of Monastic Life, as it 
 existed in England; a Poem, with Philos. and Archgeol. 
 Illust., Lon., 1795, 4to. 2. British Monachism ; or, Man 
 ners and Customs of the Monks and Nuns of England. 
 To which are added, I. Peregrinatorium Religiosum, or 
 Manners and Customs of ancient Pilgrims ; II. Consuetu- 
 dinal of Anchorets and Hermits; III. Account of the 
 Continentes, or Women who had made Vows of Chastity; 
 IV. Four Select Poems, in various Styles, 2d ed., 1817, 4to. 
 
 " A considerable portion of this work having been re-written, 
 with the view of introducing large and important accessions from 
 the ancient Chroniclers, and especially from Du CANGE, (a work as 
 recondite as MS. to all but our first antiquaries,) the present 
 edition, enlivened by reflections suited to history, is adapted, not 
 to the antiquary only, but to the general reader, as interest, cu 
 riosity, and entertainment, have been studiously consulted." 
 
 New ed., with addits., 1843, 2 vols. r. Svo. 
 
 The first edition of this work was most favourably no 
 ticed by all the Reviews. 
 
 " Mr. Fosbrooke has given to the publick, chiefly from MS. au 
 thorities, a comprehensive view of the character and manners of 
 monastic life ; and has brought together many facts, which serve 
 to cast a light on the history of human nature. The manners of 
 the period which furnished his materials were so entirely different 
 from those of the present times, that the relation of them is highly 
 gratifying and instructive. This work contains much curious 
 and original information." British Critic, 1802. 
 
 See this work reviewed in the Gentleman's Magazine 
 for January, February, and March; and also in the British 
 Critic for February, 1818. 
 
 See a review of this work, and an elaborate paper on 
 British Monachism, by Robert Southey, in the London 
 Quart. Rev., xxiii. 59-102. 
 
 " Having thus noticed some errors in Mr. Fosbrooke's work, it 
 would be highly unjust were we not at the same time to state 
 that it contains a great deal of curious and recondite information, 
 and that, wherever the subject permits, the author gives proof in 
 the liveliness of his expressions of a vigorous and original mind." 
 Ubi supra. 
 
 " Fosbrooke's learned work on British Monachism." SIR WALTER 
 SCOTT. 
 
 3. Hist, of the County of Gloucester, from the Papers of 
 Ralph Bigland, <fec., 1807, 2 vols. 4to. 4. Letter to Can 
 ning, 1809, Svo. 5. Key to the N. Test., 1815, 12mo. 
 Compiled from Whitby, Hammond, and Bishop Mann. 
 6. Berkeley MSS., 1821, 4to. 7. Companion to the Wye 
 Tour, Ross, 1821, Svo. 8. Account of Cheltenham, Lon., 
 12mo. 9. Account of Ragland Castle, 12mo. 10. Ency 
 clopaedia of Antiquities and Elements of Archaeology, 
 
 FOS 
 
 1823-25, 2 vols. 4to ; pub. in numbers, 1841, r. Svo. New 
 ed., with improvements, 1843, 2 vols. r. Svo ; 107 Plates. 
 
 " A work as original as it is important elegantly written, and 
 full of interesting information, with which every person of liberal 
 education ought to be acquainted. No good library should be 
 without it." Lon. Literary Clironide. 
 
 11. Archseol. Sketches of Ross and Archenfield, 1821, 
 12mo. 12. The Tourist's Grammar, 1826, 12mo. 13. A 
 Treatise on the Arts, Manners, Manufactures, and Institu 
 tions of the Romans, 1833-35, 2 vols. fp. Svo; Lardner's 
 Cyclopsedia. Every antiquarian collection should contain 
 Mr. Fosbrooke's works. 
 
 Fosket, Henry. 1. Facts Explan. of his Conduct, 
 1810, Svo. 2. Rights of the Army Vindicated, 1810, Svo. 
 3. Supp., 1812, Svo. 
 
 Foss, Edward. 1. The Grandeur of the Law; or, the 
 Legal Peers of England : with Sketches of their Profess. 
 Career, Lou., 1843, 12mo. 2. The Judges of England, vol. 
 i., 1066-1199; vol. ii., 1199-1272, pub. Lon., 1848, Svo. 
 Vols iii. and iv., 1272-1483, 1851, Svo. Vol. v., The Tudors, 
 and vol. vi., The Stuarts, 1857, (an interesting portion of 
 constitutional history.) 
 
 Notices of vols. iii. and iv. : 
 
 "This work will supply an important deficiency in English 
 literature, a deficiency long felt and acknowledged by more than 
 those engaged in the study and practice of the law. . . . The 
 Judges of England is an excellent book, and will, without doubt, 
 be appreciated as well by the public at large as by the members 
 of the legal profession." Tail's Edin. Mag. 
 
 " A correction of many errors, an addition of much new informa 
 tion, and a better general view of a strictly legal history than any 
 other jurist, historian, or biographer, had heretofore attempted to 
 give." Lon. Examiner. 
 
 " A work which cannot be too highly estimated, whether for 
 the importance of its object, or the great learning, extraordinary 
 research, judgment, and impartiality, which are bestowed on all 
 parts of its composition." ion. Legal Observer. 
 
 " He has written a book which has added more to our know 
 ledge of legal history than any single book published since Ma- 
 dox's History of the Exchequer." Lon. Gent. Mag. 
 
 Foss, John. Serm., 1735, Svo. 
 
 Fossat, George. On the Trinity, Lon., 1796, '97, Svo. 
 
 Fossat, Thomas. Serm., 1613, 8vo. 
 
 Foster. 1. First Principles of Chemistry, N. York, 
 12mo. 2. Chart of the Organic Elements. 
 
 Foster, Mrs. 1. Handbook of Modern European 
 Literature, Lon., 1S49, 12mo. The object of this book 
 is not so much to give elaborate criticisms on the vari 
 ous writers in the languages to whose literature it is in 
 tended as a guide, as to direct the student to the best 
 writers in each, and to inform him on what subjects they 
 have written. 
 
 " The attempt of the authoress is educational ; hut the qualities 
 of her researches are so laboured, and the information she has ga 
 thered is so comprehensive, that the book will be an acquisition 
 to every well-selected library as a means of reference in all cases 
 where memory fails, or where much time without it would be lost 
 in making researches." Bell's Lon. Messenger. 
 
 2. Vasari's Lives of the Painters, Sculptors, and Archi 
 tects; trans, by Mrs. F., and pub. in Bohn's Standard 
 Library, 5 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 "The enthralling Biographies of Vasari, biographies which, 
 from their peculiar diversity and fascination, have caused the late 
 unfortunate Haydon to exclaim with enthusiasm, ' If I were con 
 fined to three books in a desert island, I would certainly choose 
 the Bible, Shakspeare, and Vasari.'" Westminster and For. Quar. 
 Rev. 
 
 Foster, Lt.., of the First Dragoons. Military Instruc 
 tions from the late King of Prussia to his Generals, 1797. 
 
 Foster, A. F. 1. Spanish Literature, Lon., 1851, 
 12mo. 2. General Treatise on Geography, 1852, 12mo. 
 3. Italian Literature, 1853, 12mo. 
 
 Foster, Anthony, 1785-1820, of Charleston, S. C. 
 Serins. 
 
 Foster, Arthur. Digest of the Laws of Georgia, 
 1820-29, inclusive, Phila., 1831, Svo. 
 
 " This is an unauthorized Digest, embracing the same period as 
 Dawson's, and contains an Appendix of Forms used in carrying 
 the Laws into effect." 
 
 Foster, Sir Augustus J., Brit. Sec. of Legation at 
 Washington, 1804-06 ; Envoy to America, 1811-12. Notes 
 on the United States, Lon., 1841, Svo. Unpublished. See 
 an interesting review of this work, with many extracts, in 
 the Lon. Quar. Rev., Ixviii. 20-57. 
 
 " We cannot conclude without once more hinting our hope that 
 Sir Augustus Foster may give these Notes to the public at large. 
 The specimens now quoted will, we are persuaded, induce both 
 friends and strangers in England and in America to unite in our 
 wishes." Ubi supra. 
 
 Foster, Benjamin, 1750-1798, minister in New York, 
 was a native of Danvers, Mass. Theolog. treatises. 
 
 Foster, Birket. 1. Christmas with the Poets; a 
 collec. of Songs, Carols, &c., with 50 Illus. by B. F., Lon., 
 1850, r. Svo; 2d ed., 1851, r. Svo. 
 
FOS 
 
 FOS 
 
 " We unhesitatingly place this most perfect specimen of biblio 
 graphic art at the head of its class. It is a work of enduring 
 value, as well in its literary as in its elegant embellishments." 
 N. York Literary World. 
 
 2. Cowper's Task, with Illustrations, Edin., 1855. The 
 London Art Journal says of it : 
 
 " We wonder what the bard of Ouse would say to this exquisite 
 edition of his favourite poem, could he see it. Such a lover of na 
 ture as he was, how his eye would have lighted up at Mr. Foster's 
 delicious bits of landscape simple, truthful, and poetical as the 
 lines they illustrate. We have often had occasion to commend 
 Mr. Foster's landscape compositions, but we have never seen his 
 pencil more charmingly evinced than on this volume." 
 
 " One of the most beautiful gift-books which has appeared this 
 season one of the most beautiful, indeed, which has ever appeared 
 in any season is a new edition of ' The Task,' of Cowper, richly 
 illustrated by Birket Foster." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 " Among the pictorial gift-books of the season, the chief place 
 belongs to the ' illustrated edition of Cowper's Task.' It is alto 
 gether a beautiful work, and one of perennial value." Lon. Lit. 
 Gazette. 
 
 To Mr. Foster we are indebted for a number of other 
 beautiful Illustrations. 
 
 Foster, C. J. 1. On the London University. 2. Ele 
 ments of Jurisprudence, 1854, p. 8vo. 
 
 Foster, or Forster, Edward. Prin. and Prac. of 
 Midwifery. Completed and corrected by J. Sims, M.D., 
 Lon., 1781, 8vo. 
 
 Foster, Francis. Thoughts on the Times, but 
 chiefly on the Profligacy of Women, and its Causes, Lon., 
 1779, 12mo. 
 
 Foster, George. 1. Sounding of the last Trumpet, 
 1650, 4to. 2. Pouring out of the Seventh and last Vial, 
 1650, 4to. 
 
 Foster,Georgius. De Epilepsia, Lugd. Bat.,1679,4to. 
 
 Foster, Hannah, an American authoress. The Co 
 quette; or, The History of Eliza Wharton. New ed., with 
 a Preface by Mrs. Jane E. Locke, 1855. This melancholy 
 story is founded on fact. See CHENEY, HARRIET V. ; CUSH- 
 ING, MRS. 
 
 Foster, Henry. Trained Bands of London, 1643, 4to. 
 
 Foster, Henry. Serm., 1777, 8vo. 
 
 Foster, Henry, 1745-1814, entered at Queen's Coll., 
 Oxf., 1764; Perpetual Curate of St. James's, Clerkenwell, 
 1804. 1. Grace Displayed and Saul Converted; sub. of a 
 Serm., Acts ix. 11, Lon., 1776, 8vo. New ed., 1814, 8vo. 
 
 2. The Bible Preacher; or, Closet Companion for every 
 Day in the Year, 1824, 12mo. 
 
 " A work worthy the attention of all clergymen, dissenting mi 
 nisters, and all denominations of Christians." Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 Foster, Rev. J. K. 1. Recollec. of Rev. G. D. Owen, 
 Lon., 1838, 8vo. 2. Convers. on Brit Ch. Hist., 1848, 12mo. 
 
 3. Strong Consolation, or the Penitent Sinner Encouraged, 
 32mo. 
 
 Foster, James, D.D., 1697-1753, a native of Exeter, 
 began to preach as a dissenting minister, 1718, minister at 
 Barbican, London, 1724; at Pinner's Hall, 1744. He was 
 originally an Independent, but was subsequently baptized 
 by immersion. In 1728 he commenced the series of Sun 
 day Evening Lectures continued for more than twenty 
 years which were numerously attended by persons of all 
 ranks of life and all classes of opinions. 
 
 " Here," says Dr. Fleming, " was a confluence of persons of every 
 rank, station, and quality. Wits, free-thinkers, numbers of clergy ; 
 who, whilst they gratified their curiosity, had their professions 
 shaken and their prejudices loosened. And of the usefulness and 
 success of these lectures he had a large number of written testi 
 monials from unknown as well as known persons." 
 
 Perhaps no preacher ever maintained an enthusiastic 
 popularity for a longer period. Pope sang his praises, and 
 Savage declared there was none to be named with him. 
 "Let modest Foster, if he will, excel 
 Ten Metropolitans in preaching well." 
 
 Pref. to Pope's Satires. 
 " But see the accomplished Orator appear, 
 Kefined his language, and his reason clear I 
 Thou, Foster, only, hast the pleasing art, 
 At once to charm the ear, and mend the heart." 
 
 SAVAGE. 
 
 Lord Bolingbroke noticed the popular favourite after his 
 own fashion, by ascribing to him, but erroneously, it is said, 
 the absurd saying, often quoted by shallow disputants, 
 
 " Where mystery begins, religion ends." 
 But it has been remarked that, 
 
 "Whatever his personal virtues and popular talents, he neither 
 professed nor possessed much zeal for the essential doctrines of 
 Christianity." 
 
 1. Occasional Serms., 1720, '32, '41, '42, 8vo. 2. Serms., 
 1732, '33, '37, 8vo. 3. Serms., in 4 vols. 8vo; 4th and best 
 ed., 1755. 4. Discourses on Natural Religion and Social 
 Virtues, 1749-52, 2 vols. 4to. 5. Essay on Fundamentals; 
 especially the Trinity, 1720, 8vo. A celebrated essay. 
 6. Defence of the Usefulness, Truth, and Excellency of the 
 Christian Religion, 1731, 8vo. Written against Tindal. 
 
 "This is generally and justly acknowledged to be an ingenious 
 performance, and written with great clearness of thought and ex 
 pression." Ldand's Deistical Writers, q. v. 
 
 "It reflects much credit on the abilities and ingenuity of the 
 author." See Wilson's Hist, of Diss. Churches. 
 
 7. Answer to Dr. Stebbing's Letter on Heresy, 1735, 8vo : 
 do. to his 2d Letter, 1736, 8vo. 
 
 Foster, John. 1. Oratio habita Cantabrigiae in Col- 
 legio Regali, Cantab., 1752, 4to. 2. Dissertatio, Lon., 
 1758, 4to. 
 
 Foster, John, of Elton. Serms., Lon., 1756, '57, 8vo. 
 
 Foster, John, 1731-1773, a native of Windsor, edu 
 cated at Eton and King's Coll., Camb., Master of Eton, 
 1765; Canon of Windsor, 1772. An Essay on Accent and 
 Quantity, Eton, 1762, 8vo ; 3d ed., 1820, Svo. An esteemed 
 work. The 3d ed. contains Dr. Gally's two Dissertations 
 against pronouncing the Greek language according to 
 accents. 
 
 Foster,Rt. Hon. John,M.P. Speeches,1793,'99,8vo. 
 
 Foster, John. Poems on Relig. Subjects, 1798, 8vo. 
 
 Foster, John, D.D., 1783-1829, minister of Brighton, 
 Mass., husband of Hannah Foster, author of The Coquette. 
 Serms., 1799, 1802, '03, '05, '09, '17. 
 
 Foster, John. On the Method of Illustrating Scrip 
 ture from the relation of Modern Travellers, 1802, Svo. 
 
 Foster, John, 1770-1843, a native of Yorkshire, Eng 
 land, was the son of a farmer, who employed his leisure 
 hours in weaving, and taught his son the use of the hand- 
 wheel. When 14 years of age, John was placed under the 
 care of a manufacturer, who soon discovered that his stu 
 dious apprentice would prove but an unprofitable assistant. 
 Discharged from a distasteful employment, he determined 
 to study for the ministry, and entered the Baptist College 
 at Bristol, where he soon gained distinction by intellectual 
 abilities. In 1792 he commenced preaching, and officiated 
 among the Baptists at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Dublin, Chi- 
 chester, Downend, near Bristol, and Fronie, in Somerset 
 shire, in succession. Obliged by a glandular affection of 
 the neck to discontinue preaching, he retired to Stapleton, 
 near Bristol, and here he devoted himself to literary com 
 position, for which few have been so well qualified. He 
 was the principal contributor to the Eclectic Review, and 
 for a period of thirteen years wrote for its columns those 
 excellent essays which gave that periodical so extensive 
 and durable a reputation. We should not fail to mention 
 that the "Friend" to whom he addressed his essays was a 
 Miss Maria Snooke of Downend, who subsequently became 
 Mrs. John Foster. For further particulars respecting this 
 excellent man and eminent writer, we must refer the reader 
 to his Life and Correspondence, by J. E. Ryland ; with No 
 tices of Mr. Foster as a preacher and companion, by John 
 Sheppard, Lon., 1846, 2 vols. p. Svo; 2d ed., 1848, 2 vols. 
 8vo. New ed., (Bonn's Stand. Lib.,) 1852, 2 vols. 12mo; 
 Boston, 1850, 2 vols. in 1, 12mo. 
 
 " In the interesting volumes before us we find, and principally 
 in his own words, a full and faithful register of the leading events 
 in his life, and of the more interesting movements in his spiritual 
 history. The book is arranged on a plan somewhat similar to that 
 adopted in Carlyle's work on Cromwell. The biography constitutes 
 an intermitting chain between the numerous letters, and is exe 
 cuted in a modest and intelligent manner. Besides his correspond 
 ence, there are large and valuable excerpts from his journals, and 
 to the whole are appended interesting though slight notices of his 
 character, from the pen of Mr. Sheppard." Gilfillarfs Second Gal 
 lery of Lit. Portraits. 
 
 In 1805 Mr. Foster pub. (1.) Essays, in a Series of Let 
 ters to a Friend, on the following subjects: 1. On a man's 
 writing memoirs of himself; 2. On Decision of Character; 
 3. On the application of the epithet Romantic; 4. On some 
 of the causes by which Evangelical Religion has been ren 
 dered less acceptable to persons of cultivated taste, 9th ed., 
 1830, 8vo. The final corrections of the author appear in 
 this ed., from which the subsequent eds. were printed; 13th 
 ed., 1839, 12mo; 21st ed., 1850, p. 8vo. 
 
 " I happened myself to be in Bristol at the moment when his 
 four essays were first issuing from the press; and everywhere I 
 ! heard so pointed an account of the expectations connected with 
 Foster by his religious party, that I made it a duty to read his 
 book without delay. It is a distant incident to look back upon ; 
 gone by far more than thirty years; but I remember my first im 
 pressions, which were these : first, That the novelty or weight of 
 the thinking was hardly sufficient to account for the sudden popu 
 larity, without some extra influence at work; and, secondly, That 
 the contrast was remarkable between the uncoloured style of his 
 general diction, and the brilliant felicity of occasional images em 
 broidered upon the sober ground of his text. The splendour did 
 i not seem spontaneous, or growing up as part of the texture within 
 j the loom; it was intermitting, and seemed as extraneous to the 
 j substance as the flowers which are chalked for an evening upon 
 j the floors of ball-rooms." De Quincey's Essays on the Poets and 
 other Eng. Writers, q. v. 
 
 The eminent authorities next to be quoted take a very 
 different view of our author. 
 
FOS 
 
 FOT 
 
 "The author places the idea which he wishes to present in such 
 a flood of light, that it is not merely visible itself, but it seems to 
 illumine all around it. He paints metaphysics, and has the happy 
 art of arranging what in other hands would appear cold and com 
 fortless abstractions, in the warmest colours of fancy. Without 
 quitting his argument in pursuit of ornament or imagery, his 
 imagination becomes the perfect handmaid of his reason, ready at 
 every moment to spread her canvas and present her pencil." 
 ROBERT HALL. 
 
 " I have read, with the greatest admiration, the Essays of Mr. 
 Foster. He is one of the most profound and eloquent writers that 
 England has produced." SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH. 
 
 " Mr. Foster's Essays are full of ingenuity and original remarks. 
 The style of them is at once terse and elegant." DR. DIBDIN: 
 Library Camp. 
 
 "A very accurate and powerful writer of the present day, Mr. 
 Foster, in his Essay on Decision of Character," &c. SAMUEL WAR 
 REN : Ten Thousand a Year. And see the same author's Introduc. 
 to Law Studies. 
 
 It would be easy to multiply commendations. 
 
 In 1819 appeared (2) the Essays on the Evils of Popu 
 lar Ignorance. New ed., 16th thousand, including the 
 Discourse on the Communication of Christianity to the 
 People of India, 1850, sm. Svo. 
 
 This the author considered his best work, and is the one 
 by which he wished his literary claims to be estimated. 
 The fact of its not having sold so well as his other Essays 
 was, he used to say, a proof of Popular Ignorance. The 
 author was not the only admirer of his performance : 
 
 "A work which, popular and admired as it confessedly is, has 
 never met with the thousandth part of the attention which it de 
 serves. It appears to rne that we are now at a crisis in the state 
 of our country and of the world, which renders the reasonings and 
 exhortations of that eloquent production applicable and urgent 
 beyond all power of mine to express." DR. J. PYE SMITH. 
 
 " If any have yet to learn the Evils of Popular Ignorance, let 
 them survey the chambers of imagery in this original and affect 
 ing Essay, and if they can receive impressions, they will never 
 more forget that the people are destroyed for lack of knowledge." 
 DR. JOHN HARRIS, author of Mammon. 
 
 3. Contributions, Biographical, Literary, and Philosophi 
 cal, to the Eclectic Review, 1840, 2 vbls. Svo. 
 
 " They are worthy to go along with the reviews of Hall, Macau- 
 lay, and Jeffrey. Profound, keen, courteous, powerful in reason 
 ing, vigorous and massive in style, and eminently Christian in 
 sentiment, they will suffer nothing by comparison with the writ 
 ings of those justly-celebrated men in the most important points, 
 while in some they possess an evident superiority." Lon. Congre 
 gational Mag. 
 
 " We believe that no Review in England, in America, or on the 
 Continent, can boast of more precious treasures than those dis 
 closed in the volumes before us." Lon. Evangelical Mag. 
 
 " We question if there be another Review in Europe that could 
 show such a series of papers as Foster contributed to the Eclectic." 
 United Secession Magazine, August. 
 
 " Had the Eclectic Review achieved nothing else for letters and 
 piety than eliciting the contributions of Foster, it would have 
 established strong claims to public gratitude." Lon. Christian 
 Witness. 
 
 4. Lectures delivered at Broadmead Chapel, Bristol. 
 1st Series, 1844, Svo; 3d ed., 1848, 12mo. 2d Series, 1847, 
 Svo; 2ded., 1848, 12mo. 
 
 " We know of nothing in the language equal to the Lectures 
 upon Historical Subjects from the Old and New Testaments in 
 point of graphical vividness of description and profoundly instruct 
 ive comment. All the discoveries are rich in thought and deeply 
 impressive; and of all Mr. Foster's writings, they give us the best 
 and truest impress of the real character of his mind." Lon. 
 Patriot. 
 
 5. Introductory Essay to Doddridge's Rise and Progress, 
 1847, 12mo. 
 
 " In point of direct religious utility, it has been surpassed by 
 none of his writings." Stand's Life of Foster, vol. ii. p. J.7. 
 
 " Several parts I have had to write anew and differently; minor 
 corrections to an endless amount. To think how much ado, of 
 talking, fretting, pacing the room morning and night, pleading 
 excuse from preaching and visiting, setting aside of plans for 
 South Wales, &c. ; and all for what? a Preface to Doddridge's 
 Rise and Progress." JOHN FOSTER. 
 
 "In simplicity of language, in majesty of conception, in the elo 
 quence of that conciseness which conveys, in a short sentence, 
 more meaning tha.n the mind dares at once admit, his writings 
 are unmatched." North British Review. 
 
 "His Essays are original, and calculated to enlarge the mind." 
 Bicli-ersteMs C. S. 
 
 " For twenty years we have been enthusiasts in reference to this 
 writer's genius." GILFILLAN : Second Gallery of Lit. Poet. 
 
 " Mr. Gilfillan possibly overrates the power of this essayist, and 
 the hold which he has upon the public mind. It is singular, 
 meanwhile, that whatever might be its degree, much or little, ori 
 ginally his influence was due to an accident of position, which, in 
 some countries, would have tended to destroy it. He was a Dis 
 senter." DE QCINCEY : Essays on the Poets, and other Eng. Writers. 
 The reader can pursue the subject in the two works last 
 named, and many of the leading periodicals of the day. 
 
 Foster, John Leslie. 1. Essay on the Principles 
 of Commercial Exchanges, Ac., Lon., 1804, Svo. 
 
 "In this very able treatise Mr. Foster gives the earliest explana 
 tion of the real nature and influence of absentee expenditures that 
 we have met with." McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ. 
 
 2. Speech rel. to R. Catholics in Ireland, 1812, Svo. 
 
 Foster, Joseph. See FORSTER. 
 
 Foster, Mark. A Treat, of Trigonometry. 
 
 Foster, Sir Michael, 1689-1763, an eminent law 
 yer, a native of Marlborough, Wiltshire, educated at Exe 
 ter Coll., Oxf., entered the Middle Temple in 1707, waa 
 knighted and made a Judge of the Court of King's Bench 
 in 1745. 1. Letter to Prot. Dissenters, 1720. 2. Exam, 
 of the scheme of Church Power laid down in the Codex 
 Juris Ecclesiastici Anglicani, <fcc., 1735. 
 
 "In this he controverted the system of Church power vested in 
 the clergy, and which forms the groundwork of Bishop Gibson's 
 'Codex.'" 
 
 Several answers appeared, the principal one by Dr. An 
 drews, a civilian. 3. The King against Alex. Broadfoot, 
 Oxf., 1758, 4to. 4. Report, &c. rel. to trial of the Rebels 
 in 1746; 1762, fol.; 1776, Svo. New ed., with Discourses 
 upon a few Branches of the Crown Law, 1792, Svo; 3d ed., 
 with Appendix, cont'g Foster's Opinion, <fcc., and Notes 
 and References by Michael Dodson, 1809, Svo. 
 
 " The truly admirable discourses of Sir Michael Foster." JUDGE 
 STORY : Miscdl. Writings, 76. 
 
 l< The author did not attempt to write a regular Treatise upon 
 Crown Law. His discourses are much admired for their sound 
 and accurate learning." 
 
 See Pref. Gilbert's Evid., byLoft%37; Cowp., 7; 3 East, 
 582 ; Warren's Law Stu., 620 ; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 321. 
 Michael Dodson, his nephew, pub. his Life in 1811, Svo. 
 
 Foster, Nich. Rebellion in Barbadoes, 1650, Svo. 
 
 Foster, P. L. N. Act rel. to Wills, Lon., 1837, 12mo. 
 
 Foster, Rev. Randolph S., b. 1820, in Williams- 
 burg, Ohio. 1. Objections to Calvinism. 2. Christian Pu 
 rity, N.Y., 1851, 12mo. 3. Ministry Needed for the Times. 
 
 Foster, Richard. To the Rulers in Israel, 1650. 
 
 Foster, Robert, or William. Hoplocrisma-Spon- 
 gvs ; or, A Sponge to wipe away the Weapon-salve, Lon., 
 1631, 4to. 
 
 Foster, Samuel, d. 1652, a native of Northampton 
 shire, educated at Emanuel Coll., Camb., was elected Prof, 
 of Astronomy in Gresham Coll. in 1636, and again in 1641. 
 He was a distinguished mathematician. His principal 
 works are L Descrip. of a Quadrant, Lon., 1624, 4to. 
 Several eds. 2. The Art of Dialling, 1638, <fec., 4to. 3. Four 
 Treatises on Dialling, 1654, 4to. 4. Horologiography, 1654, 
 4to. 5. Miscellanea, Eng. and Lat., 1659, fol. 
 
 Foster, Thomas. Serm., Lon., 1631, 4to. 
 
 Foster, Thomas. See FORSTER. 
 
 Foster, Thomas. Chrestomatheia; or, A Collection 
 of Morality and Sentiment extracted from various Authors, 
 1793, 12mo. 
 
 Foster, Wm. See FORSTER. 
 
 Foster, Wm. See FORRESTER. 
 
 Foster, Wm., D.D. Visit. Serm., Lon., 1802, 4to. 
 
 Foster, Rev. Wm., Head Master of St. Paul's School, 
 Southsea, has pub. Greek and Latin Grammars, Ac., and 
 works on Arithmetic and Algebra. 
 
 Foster,Mrs.W. Lady Marion,Lon.,1853, 3 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 "This fascinating novel needs not the attraction of the name of 
 the late Duke of Wellington's niece upon the title-page to com 
 mend it to the novel-readers of the fashionable world. The work 
 gives evidence of talent of no common order." John Bull. 
 
 Foster, Wm. L. New Hampshire Reports, vols.1., 
 ii., Hi., pub. to 1854, Boston, Svo. 
 
 Fotherby, Martin, D.D., 1559-1619, a native of Lin 
 colnshire, educated at, and Fellow of, Trin. Coll., Camb., 
 Preb. of Canterbury, 1596; Bishop of Sarum, 1618. 1. 
 Fovre Serms., Lon., 1608, 4to. 2. Atheomasti; or, The 
 clearing of Four Truths against Atheists, Ac., 1622, fol. 
 
 Fothergill, Anthony, a husbandman, pub. three 
 theolog. treatises, Lon., 1754, '56, Svo. 
 
 Fothergill, Anthony, M.D., of Northampton, pub. 
 treatises on Fever, Poison, <fcc., 1763-99, and contrib. pro 
 fess, papers to Med. Obs. and Inq., and Phil. Trans., 1767- 
 1805. 
 
 Fothergill, Charles. 1. The Wanderer: Tales and 
 Essays, 1803, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Essay on Natural Historv, 
 1813, 12mo. 
 
 Fothergill, George, 1705-1760, a native of West 
 moreland, educated at, and Fellow and tutor of, Queen's 
 Coll., Oxf. ; Principal of Edmund Hall, and Vicar of Bram- 
 ley, Hampshire, 1751. 1. Occas. Serms., Lon., 1756, '57, 
 '58, Svo. 2. Serms., 1761, '62, Svo; Oxf., 1765, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " His sermons display a large share of manly sense. They are 
 clear, rational, and instructive. His turn of thought and expres 
 sion is ingenious and sprightly." Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 Fothergill, John, M.D., 1712-1780, an eminent phy 
 sician, a member of the Society of Friends or Quakers, 
 was a native of Carr End, Yorkshire. After travelling on 
 the continent, he settled in London, where he gained such 
 fame in his profession that he enjoyed an income of about 
 
FOT 
 
 7000, and left an estate of 80,000. He endowed a semi 
 nary for young Quakers at Ackworth, near Leeds, assisted 
 Sydney Parkinson in his account of his South Sea Voy 
 age, and printed Anthony Purveys (a Quaker) trans, of 
 the Bible from the Hebrew and Greek, at an expense of 
 2000. 1. Thesis de Emeticorum usu, in variis Morbis 
 tractandis, Edin., 1738, 8vo. 2. Sore Throat with Ulcers, 
 Lon., 1748, '54, 8vo. 3. Rules for the Preserv. of Health, 
 1762, 8vo. 4. Acct. of Dr. Collinson, 1770, 4to. Anon. 
 5. Explan. Remarks to the Pref. to Sydney Parkinson's 
 Jour, of a Voy. to the South Seas, 1773, 4to. 6. Hydro 
 phobia, 1778, 8vo. 7. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1736. 8. Con. 
 to Phil. Trans., 1744. 9. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1755, 
 '67, '78, '84. His Works, edited by John Elliot, M.D., 
 with Life and Notes, 1781, 8vo. By Gilbert Thompson, 
 1782, 8vo. By Dr. Lettsom, 1783, 2 vols. 8vo; 1784, 4to. 
 Hortas Uptoniensis; or, A Cat of Stove and Greenhouse 
 Plants in Dr. Fothergill's Garden at Upton, at the time of 
 his decease, 1784, 8vo. 
 
 " The person of Dr. Fothergill was of a delicate rather than ex 
 tenuated make. His features were all expressive, and his eye had 
 a peculiar brilliancy. His understanding was comprehensive and 
 quick, and rarely embarrassed on the most sudden occasions. 
 There was a charm in his conversation and address that conciliated 
 the regard and confidence of all who employed him ; and so dis 
 creet and uniform was his conduct, that he was not apt to forfeit 
 the esteem which he had once acquired." 
 
 See authorities cited above ; also Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ; 
 Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes; Physic and Physicians; The 
 Lives of Brit. Physicians; and for a list of his separate 
 
 ?apers in Ed. Med. Ess., Phil. Trans., and Med. Obs. and 
 nq., refer to Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Fothergill, Samuel, d. 1773, an eminent Quaker 
 preacher, brother of the preceding, travelled over England, 
 Scotland, Ireland, and North America, holding religious 
 meetings. He was greatly respected. 1. Remarks on an 
 Address to the People called Quakers, and a Serm., <fec. by 
 M. Pilkington. In a Letter to the Author ; with Observ. 
 by Phipps, 1761, 8vo. 2. Reply to E. Owen on Water Bap 
 tism, 1763, 8vo. 3. Letters, 1816. 
 
 Fothergill, Samuel, M.D. Tic Douloureux, Lon., 
 1804, 8vo. 
 
 Fothergill, Thomas. Articles against Capt. Neid- 
 ham, 1653, 4to. 
 
 Fothergill, Thomas, D.D. Provost of Queen's Coll., 
 and Preb. of Durham. Serms., Oxf., 1749, '53, '56, '60, 
 '62, '64. 
 
 Fouler. See FOWLER. 
 
 Fouler, Wm. Truth's Vindication of Election and 
 Reprobation, Lon., 1652, 12mo. 
 
 Foulface, Philip. Bacchvs Bovntie, Describing the 
 debonaire dietie of his bountiful godhead, in the royall 
 obseruance of his great feast of Pentecost. Necessaire to 
 be read and marked of all, for the eschuing of like enor 
 mities. By Philip Foulface of Ale-foord, student in good 
 fellowship, Lon., 1594, 4to. Partly in verse and partly in 
 prose ; much in the style of Robert Greene. Three sheets 
 only. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 74, 6. It is reprinted in the 
 Harleian Miscellany. 
 
 " The intention of this Pamphlet was to expose the sin of drunk 
 enness, and the folly and danger of those who give themselves up 
 to that chargeable, silly, and health-destroying vice : a vice, in 
 which a man takes the utmost pains to drown his own reason, to 
 commence a fool, the object of a sober man's resentment and re 
 proach, and to ruin both his own estate and constitution." OLDYS. 
 
 To this " let all the people say, Amen !" 
 
 Foulis, or De Foliis, Henry, 1638?-1685, entered 
 Queen's Coll., Oxf., 1654; Fellow of Lincoln's Coll., 1659; 
 took holy orders, but devoted himself to historical studies. 
 1. Hist, of the Wicked Plots and Conspiracies of our blessed 
 Saints, the Presbyterians, Ac., Lon., 1662; Oxf., 1674, fol. 
 
 " Which book, tho' full of notable girds against that party, yet 
 it hath been so pleasing to the royalists, (who have found much 
 wit and mirth therein,) that some of them have caused it to be 
 chained to desks in public places, and in some country-churches, 
 to be read by the vulgar. But as by the publishing of this book he 
 hath much displeased the Presbyterians, of whom some have fallen 
 foul upon him in their writings for so doing; so hath he more 
 displeased another party for the writing of this book following : 
 
 " [2.] The History of the Romish Treasons and Usurpations, with 
 an Account of many gross Corruptions and Impostures of the 
 Church of Rome, Ac., Lon., 1671 and '81, fol. Which book, had it 
 not fallen into the hands of a knavish bookseller, might have been 
 extant in the lifetime of the author, and so consequently more 
 compleat and exact than it now is. At its first publication, I wa! 
 informed by a letter written by a noted man of that party, tha 
 the papists did look upon the said book as a simple thing Tha 
 he (the author) fought against his own shadow, and that all sobe 
 Catholics did disallow much of what he combats against." Athen 
 Oxon. 
 
 Watt ascribes to Foulis (3) Cabala; or, the Hist, of the 
 Conventicles Uncased, 1664, 4to; and Foulis left a MS 
 
 row 
 
 \ccount of all Serms. preached before Parliament, 1640- 
 8; in Wood's Collect., Ashniole's Museum, 8480, 18. 
 Foulis, Sir James, Bart., d. 1791. 1. Lett, on Irish 
 iffairs, Lon., 1805, 8vo. 2. Catholic Emancip., 1812, 8vo. 
 Foulis, Oliver. Under this name David Lloyd pub. 
 is work Of Plots, Ac., Lon., 1664, 4to. 
 
 Foulis, Robert, d. 1776, a celebrated printer, as was 
 Iso Andrew, his brother, who d. 1774. Cat. of Robert 
 i^oulis's Pictures, by the most admired Masters, Lon., 1776, 
 vols. 8vo. Sold at a great sacrifice. The balance over 
 he expenses amounted to only fifteen shillings. Respect- 
 ng the brothers Foulis, see Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes ; Le- 
 moine's Hist, of Printing; Timperley's Diet, of Printers 
 and Printing. 
 
 Foulkes, E. S., Fellow and Tutor of Jesus Coll., Oxf. 
 Manual of Ecclesiastical History from the 1st to the 12th 
 3ent. inclusive, Oxf., 1851, 8vo. Mr. Foulkes's principal 
 authorities are Spanheim, Spondanus, Mosheim, Fleury, 
 Grieseler, and Dbllinger. 
 
 "Mr. Foulkes writes in a spirit of manly faith." Scottish Eccles. 
 r our., May, 1852. 
 
 Foulkes, Martin. See FOLKES. 
 Foulkes, Peter, D.D. Serm., Oxf., 1723, 4to. 
 Foulkes, Robert. 1. Alarme for Sinners, Lon., 1679, 
 4to. 2. His Confession and Life, 1679, 4to. An Account 
 f His Trial and Execution for Murder and Adultery was 
 >ub. in the same year. 
 
 Fonlston, J. Public Buildings of the West of Eng- 
 and, Lon., 1838, imp. 4to. 
 
 " The noble, elegant, and truly classical works of this eminent 
 Architect furnish admirable examples both of taste and profes- 
 ional skill in grappling with and overcoming some of the difficul- 
 ies of the art, namely, in arrangement and adaptation." BRITTON 
 and BRAYLET. 
 
 Fountain, John. His Catechisme, trans, by T. W., 
 Tho. Wilcox,) 1578, 8vo. 
 
 Fountain, John. The Rewards of Vertue; a Gome- 
 die, Lon., 1661, 4to. Altered by Shadwell, and represented 
 with success under the title of The Royal Shepherdess, 
 T. C., 1669, 4to. 
 
 Fountain, or Fountayne, John, D.D., Dean of 
 York. Fast Serm., Lon., 1756, 8vo. 
 
 Fountaine, Sir Andrew, d. 1753, an eminent anti 
 quary, the friend of Dean Swift and other wits of the age, 
 is commended for his antiquarian knowledge by Montfau- 
 con in the preface to L'Antiquite' Expliqu6e. Swift often 
 mentions him in his Journal to Stella. 
 
 1. Numismata Anglo-Saxonica et Anglo-Danica reviter 
 illustrata, Oxon., 1704, fol. Vide Hickes's Thesaurus. 
 2. Notes in Anglo-Saxonum Nummosa D. Andrea Foun 
 taine editos, (ab Edv. Thwaites,) Oxon., 1708, 8vo. 3. His 
 Case in relation to a Bill under the name of Sir Charles 
 Holt, Bart., fol. 
 
 Fountaine, John. Letter to Dr. Turner concerning 
 the Ch. and the Revenues thereof, Lon., 1647, 4to. Anon. 
 Fountainhall, Lord. Chronol. Notes of Scot. Affairs, 
 1630-1701, taken chiefly from the Diary of Lord Foun 
 tainhall, Edin., 1822, 4to. 
 
 Fountainhall, Sir John Lander, Lord. Decisions 
 of the Lords of Council and Session, 1678-1712, Edin., 
 1759-61, 2 vols. fol. 
 Four, Du, W. See DUFOUR. 
 
 Fourestier, James. The Pearle of Practise; or, 
 Practiser's Pearle for Physicke and Chirurgerie ; found out 
 by J. H., (John Hester,) a Spagericke, or Distiller, amongst 
 the learned obseruations and proued practices of many 
 expert men in both faculties, Lon., 1594, 4to. 
 Fourestier, Paul. Serm., Lon., 1758, 8vo. 
 Fouruier, Daniel. Perspective, Lon., 1762, 4to. This 
 is based on the principles laid down by Dr. Brook Taylor.^ 
 Fovargue, Stephen. A new Cat. of Vulgar Errors," 
 Lon., 1767, 8vo. Intended as a supplement to Dr. Thomas 
 Browne's work of the same title. 
 
 Fowke, John. Account of his Enquiries for Extin 
 guishing Fires, fol. 
 
 Fowldes, Wm. The Strange and Wonderfull and 
 bloudy Battell betweene Frogs and Mice ; a Poem, 1603, 4to. 
 Fowle, Fulmer Wm., Preb. of Salisbury. 1. Twelve 
 Serms., Lon., 1835, '36, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Serms. on Faith, 
 1845, 12mo. 3. Memoranda of 1846, '47, fp. 8vo, 1848. 
 Fowle, Thomas. Almanacks, 1681, '84, 12mo. 
 Fowle, Wm., M.D. 1. Hurricanes, &c, in W. Indies, 
 Lon., 1781, 8vo. 2. Mercury in the Small-Pox, 1793, 8vo, 
 3. Fevers of the W. Indies, 1800, 8vo. 
 
 Fowler. Serm. on Luke xxiii. 19, 1699, 4to. 
 Fowler, Christopher, 1611-1676, a clergyman of 
 the Church of England, joined the Presbyterians in 1641, 
 and became a noted preacher, as we shall presently see. 
 
row 
 
 1. Dsemonium Meridianum, 1st Pt., 1655, 4to ; 2d Pt., 
 1656, 4to. This work relates to the ejection of Rev. John 
 Pordage. 2. Anti-Christian Blasphemies, Ac., 1655, 4to. 
 3. Answer to Thos. Speed, a Quaker, 1656. In this he 
 was assisted by Simon Ford. George Fox animadverts 
 upon this work. 4. Serin., 1675, 4to. 5. A few Occasional 
 Serms. 
 
 " A -very conceited and fantastical preacher. . . . For by his very 
 many odd gestures, and antic behaviour (unbeseeming the serious 
 gravity to be used in the pulpit) he drew constantly to his con 
 gregation a numerous crowd of silly women and young people, who 
 seemed to be hugely taken and enamour'd with his obstreporous- 
 ness and undecent cants." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 It is to be remembered that Anthony Wood shows no 
 mercy to Dissenters ; especially such as had left the 
 Church of England ; unless, indeed, they became Roman 
 Catholics. Mr. Cooper describes Fowler as 
 
 " An able, holy, faithful, indefatigable servant of Christ. He 
 was quick in apprehension, solid in his notions, clear in his con 
 ceptions, sound in the faith, strong and demonstrative in arguing, 
 mighty in convincing, and zealous for the truth against all errors." 
 Fowler, David Burton. The Prac. in the Ct. of 
 Exch. upon Proceed, in Equity, 1795 ; 2d ed., 1817, 2 vols. 
 8vo. 
 
 Fowler, Edward, 1632-1714, originally a Presby 
 terian, conformed at the Restoration ; Preb. of Gloucester, 
 1676; Bishop of Gloucester, 1691. He pub. many serms. 
 and theolog. treatises, the best-known of which is The 
 Design of Christianity, Lon., 1671, 8vo; 3d ed., 1699, 8vo. 
 This was attacked by John Bunyan, and defended by the 
 author. Libertas Evangelica, a sequel to the Design of 
 Christianity, was pub. in 1780. The Design, Ac. will be 
 found in the 6th vol. of Bishop Watson's Collec. of Theolog. 
 Tracts. 
 
 " This work was first published in 1671 : there have been seve 
 ral editions of it since, but not so many as, from the worth of it, 
 might have been expected." BISHOP WATSON. 
 
 Fowler, George. 1. Three Years in Persia, Lon., 
 1841, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Fowler's volumes possess great interest for those who love 
 to study pictures of foreign life." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 2. Lives of the Sovereigns of Russia, from Rurick to Nicho 
 las: vols. i. and ii., p. 8vo, 1852, '54; iii., 1858: see Lon. 
 Athen., 1858, 687. 3. Hist, of the Ottoman Empire,1854,p.8vo. 
 Fowler, J. Hist, of the Troubles in Suethland and 
 Poland which occas. the expul. of Sig. III., Lon., 1656, fol. 
 Fowler, John, b. at Bristol, England, d. at Neumark, 
 Germany, 1579, a learned English printer, educated at 
 and Fellow of New Coll., Oxf., reduced into a Compen 
 dium the Summa Theologica of Aquinas, wrote Epigrams 
 and other verses, and engaged in some other literary 
 labours, 1578, Ac., besides printing many books in favour 
 of Romanism. 
 
 " Being a zealous papist, he could not comport with the Reforma 
 tion, but conveyed himself and his press over to Antwerp, where 
 he was signally serviceable to the Catholic cause, in printing their 
 pamphlets, which were sent over and sold in England." Fuller's 
 Worthies of Bristol. 
 
 " He was well skill'd in the Greek and Latin tongnes, a tolerable 
 poet and orator, and a theologist not to be contemn'd. So learned 
 was he also in criticisms, and other polite learning, that he might 
 have passed for another Robert, or Henry, Stephens, printers " 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 See the above authorities, and Dodd's Church Hist., 
 vol. i. 
 
 Fowler, John, surgeon at Ayton. Hints reL to re 
 covery of the drowned, Lon., 1784, 8vo. 
 
 Fowler, John. The Last Guinea ; a Poem, 8vo. 
 
 Fowler, Orrin S. Works on Physiology. Education 
 Phrenology, Ac., N. York, 1848-53, &c. 
 
 Fowler, Richard. Animal Electricity, or Galvanism. 
 Edin., 1793, 8vo. 
 
 Fowler, Robert. A Quaker's Sea Journal, 1659, 4to. 
 
 Fowler, Thomas. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1754, 8vo. 
 
 Fowler, Thomas, M.D., 1736-1801, a native of 
 York, England, practised at Stafford and York. 1. Dis- 
 sertatio Medica, Edin., 1778, 8vo. 2. Med. Reports of the 
 Effects of Tobacco, 1785, 8vo. 3. Effects of Arsenic, 1786, 
 8vo. 4. Effects of Blood-letting, <fcc., 1795, 8vo. 5. Con. 
 to Med. Com., 1777, '78, '94. 6. Memoirs Med., 1792. 
 
 " Some idea of his indefatigable labours may be conceived, when 
 we mention that he left in manuscript the history of more than 
 six thousand cases, which fell under his own inspection and treat- ; 
 ment." See Rees's Cyclopoedia. 
 
 Fowler, W. The Eastern Mirror ; an Illust. of the 
 Scriptures from celebrated Travellers, Exeter, 1814, 8vo. 
 This is an abridgt. of Harmer and Burder, with some ad 
 ditions. 
 
 Fowler, W. C. The English Language in its Ele 
 ments and Forms, N. York, 1850, 8vo. 
 
 " A work of great elaboration and care, which carries the rela- 
 
 FOX 
 
 tions of grammar to other sciences further than is usual in such 
 treatises." Watchman and Observer. 
 
 Fowler, or Fouler, Wm. Answer to Hamilton, 1581. 
 
 Fowler, Wm. Engravings of Mosaic Pavements and 
 paintings in Stained Glass, 2 vols. eleph. fol., Winterton, 
 York ; v. y. Of this beautiful work not forty copies were 
 completed. It is worth about 24. Mr. Fowler, who was 
 originally a journeyman carpenter, was emphatically the 
 author of this book ; for he made the drawings and en 
 gravings, prepared the colours, and even made the paper 
 itself. 
 
 Fowles, Rev. James H., 1812-1854, b. at Nassau, 
 New Providence, was the son of Lt Henry Fowles of the 
 British Army. He graduated at Yale College in 1831, and 
 about 1833 was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of 
 New York. He subsequently received ordination at the 
 hands of Bishop Bowen of S. Carolina, and, after officiating 
 in several parishes in that State, in 1845 accepted the rec 
 torship of the Church of the Epiphany> Philadelphia, then 
 recently vacated by the removal of the Rev. Dr. Stephen 
 H. Tyng to New York. He here laboured with great zeal 
 until within a few months of his death, when obliged to 
 resign his duties from ill health. 1. Protestant Epis. Views 
 of Baptism Explained and Defended, Phila., 1846, 18mo. 
 2. Serms. [30] preached in the Church of the Epiphany, 
 Phila. ; preceded by a biographical sketch of the author, 
 1855, 8vo. 
 
 "We should be glad to make some extracts from these sermons, 
 but it is about as difficult to do this as it would be to substitute 
 any other language for that of the author. Each sermon is a piece 
 of solid masonry. It must be taken as a whole to be appreciated: 
 and. what is uncommon, there is not a sermon in the book which 
 will not read better the second time. For close logical reasoning, 
 for distinctness of doctrine, for scriptural style, and for power of 
 thought, few sermons we have ever seen equal them." Prot Epis 
 Qjuar. Rev. and Ch. Reg., N. York, April, 1855. 
 
 Mr. Fowles also edited and wrote Introductions to Goode's 
 Better Covenant and The Convict Ship. 
 
 Fownes, George, late Prof, of Prac. Chem. in Univ. 
 Coll., London. 1. Chemistry as exemplifying the Wisdom 
 and Beneficence of God, being the Actonian Prize Essay 
 of 100 Guineas, awarded by the Com. of the Royal Instit 
 of G. Brit., Lon., 1844, p. 8vo; 2d ed., 1848, 12mo. 
 
 " The field which the author has gone over is one of the utmost 
 interest. He has embraced all the leading facts of the subject, and 
 made them to bear upon his principal argument." ion. Athenceum. 
 
 2. Chemical Tables, Lon., 1846, sm. fol. 3. Introduc to 
 Qualitative Analysis, 1846, p. 8vo. 4. Rudimentary Che 
 mistry, 1848, 12mo. 5. Manual of Elementary Chemistry 
 1844, fp. 8vo ; 4th ed., revised, 1852 ; 5th ed., with addits , 
 edited by H. Bence Jones, M.D., and A. W. Hofman, Ph 
 D., 1854; 4th Amer. ed., by Robert Bridges, M.D., Phila., 
 1855, r. 12mo. 
 
 " An admirable exposition of the present state of chemical sci 
 ence, simply and clearly written, and displaying a thorough prac 
 tical knowledge of its details, as well as a profound acquaintance 
 with its principles. The illustrations, and the whole getting un 
 of the book, merit our highest praise." Brit, and For. Med. Rev 
 
 " One of the best elementary works on Chemistry accessible to 
 the American and English student." N. York Jour, of Med., March, 
 
 Fownes, Joseph. Serms., &c., Lon., 1760-90. 
 
 Fownes, or Fowns, Richard, D.D., domestic 
 chaplain to Prince Henry, son of James I. 1. Concio ad 
 Clerum Academia Oxon., Lon., 1606, 4to. 2. Trisagion 
 or, the Three Offices of Christ, 1619, 4to. 3. Serm., 1660 
 
 Fox, General. Hist, of the War in the Peninsula 
 Lon., 1837, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Without question, the most eloquent and masterly uicture 
 ever attempted." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Fox, Abr. !L. Surgery, Lon., 1656, 8vo. 
 
 Fox, Bohun. Self-condemned Quaker, 1707, Svo 
 
 Fox, Charles. A Series of Poems, Bristol, 1797, 8vo 
 
 Fox, Rt. Hon. Charles James, Jan. 24, 1749- 
 Sept. 13, 1806, second son. of the first Lord Holland and 
 Lady Georgiana Carolina, eldest daughter of Charles 
 Duke of Richmond, was educated at Eton, and at Hert' 
 ford Coll., Oxf. He studied the classics to great advan 
 tage under the eye of the celebrated Drs. Barnard and 
 Newcome, and distinguished himself by his proficiency in 
 the ancient languages. This taste and erudition he re- 
 tamed through life, as is abundantly evinced by his let 
 ters to Gilbert Wakefield and his controversies with Dr 
 Warton. In his 14th year he visited the continent, and 
 also m 1765 and '66, where that love of gaming was ac 
 quired which proved the bane of his future life. In 1768 
 he took his seat in Parliament, and entered upon that 
 brilliant political career which for a long term of years 
 gave him so commanding a position in the eyes of the 
 world. As it is in this capacity that Mr. Fox is princi 
 pally known, a detailed account of his life will not be 
 
 fiOO 
 
FOX 
 
 expected in a work devoted to authors and their produc 
 tions. It is sufficient that we indicate the works where 
 fuller information can be had. The student is therefore 
 referred to 1. Hist, of the Political Life and public Ser- ( 
 vices as a Senator and a Statesman of the Rt. Hon. C. J. 
 Fox, Lon., 1783, 8vo. 2. Memoirs of the Life of R. B. 
 Sheridan, 1799, 8vo. 3. Recollec. of the Life of C. J. F., 
 by B. C. Walpole, 1806, 8vo. 4. Gent. Mag., Sept. 1806, 
 pp. 883-886. 5. Memoirs of the Public Life of C. J. F., 
 by R. Fell, 1808, 4to. 6. Lord Holland's (his nephew) In- 
 troduc. to C. J. F.'s Hist, of the Early Part of the Reign 
 of James II., 1808, 4to. 7. Characters of the late C. J. F., 
 selected and in part written by Philopatris Varricensis, j 
 1809, 8vo. This work, principally a collection of eulogies , 
 upon Fox, is by Dr. Samuel Parr. See a review of it by j 
 the Rev. Sydney Smith, Edin. Rev., xiv. 353. 8. Memoirs | 
 of the latter years of C. J. F., 1811, 8vo. Appendix, same 
 year, by J. B. Trotter. This gentleman was Mr. Fox's 
 private secretary. 9. Sir S. E. Brydges's ed. of Collins's 
 Peerage, 1812. 10. Corresp. of C. J. F. with Gilbert Wake- 
 field, 1796-1801, 1813, 8vo. See end of this article. 
 11. Speeches in the H. of Commons, with an Introduc. by 
 Lord Erskine, 1815, 6 vols. 8vo. 12. Rees's Cyclopaedia, 
 1819. 13. Occasional Speeches, etc., 1782-1803. 14. Article 
 Fox, Charles James, in Watt's Bibl. Brit., vol. Hi., 1824. 
 15. Field's Memoirs of Parr, 1828, 2 vols. 8vo. 16. His 
 Speeches, (Modern Orator, vol. ii.,) 1847, r. 8vo ; 3d ed., 
 1853. 17. Select British Eloquence, by C. A. Goodrich, 
 D.D., N. York, 1852, 8vo. 18. Memoirs and Corresp. of 
 Francis Horner, 1853, 2 vols. 8vo. 19. Memorials and 
 Corresp. of C. J. F., edited by Lord John Russell, vols. i., ii., 
 iii., pub. to Dec. 1854. 20. Hist. Sketches of the most 
 eminent Orators and Statesmen of ancient and modern 
 time, N. York, 1855, 8vo. 21. Article BURKE, EDMUND, in 
 Allibone's Critical Dictionary of English Literature and 
 Eng. and Amer. Authors, Phila., 1859, imp. 8vo. 
 
 To these many other works might be added; such as 
 Wraxall's Memoirs, Wilberforce's Life, <fcc., but our list is 
 sufficiently long for most readers. In addition to the 
 Speeches, <fcc. already referred to, Mr. Fox is the author 
 of some juvenile Latin and Greek compositions, some 
 pieces in the New Foundling Hospital for Wit, an Essay 
 on Wind, of which 50 copies were privately printed, political 
 pamphlets, the 14th, 16th, and perhaps some other numbers 
 of the "Englishman," pub. in 1779, and a History of the 
 Early Part of the Reign of James II., pub. in 1808, 4to, 
 by his nephew, Lord Holland. This is an unfinished pro 
 duction, written with great accuracy, but with such phara- 
 saical punctiliousness of style, that the absence of the 
 Rerum copia verborum of Cicero is painfully felt. 
 
 " He once assured me, says Lord Holland, that he would admit 
 no word into his book for which he had not the authority of 
 Dryden." 
 
 This remark reminds us of the elegant, the truly classi 
 cal, compliment paid by Mr. Prescott to Washington Irving 
 in the Preface to the History of Ferdinand and Isabella. 
 The eloquent historian, who has performed his task in that 
 masterly manner which forbids all regret at the selection 
 of his theme, remarks that had Mr. Irving persevered in 
 a design once entertained by him of occupying the same 
 ground, he should have abandoned the field, 
 
 " If not from courtesy, at least from policy : for, though armed 
 with the weapons of Achilles, this could give me no hope of suc 
 cess in a competition with Achilles himself." 
 
 Had Dryden's vocabulary been at the command of the 
 historian of the Reign of James II., we should still have 
 lacked the magical charm which captivates the reader of 
 the Essay on Dramatic Poesy. We may truly apply to 
 him what he declares of Shakspeare : 
 
 " Dryden's magic could not copied be, 
 
 Within that circle none durst walk but he." 
 In the House of Commons, indeed, Fox could display 
 the force and beauties of the English tongue in a manner 
 which Dryden would have gladly copied ; but he needed 
 the excitement of opposition or the stimulus of immediate 
 applause, and sank in the socket when there was no one to 
 admire his brilliancy. Dr. Parr, whose admiration of Fox 
 was excessive, and who would have commended the his 
 tory of Tom Thumb, if recorded by the leader of the New 
 Whigs, is glad to have a legitimate occasion for the ex 
 pression of his devout veneration. 
 
 " Nothing," says he, referring to Fox's History of James II., 
 " can exceed his anxious endeavour to discover the truth of facts 
 for himself, nor his scrupulous care to present it fairly and fully 
 to his readers. In this respect, all must own he discharged his 
 trust with ability rarely equalled, and with fidelity never sur 
 passed." 
 
 Yet the work elicited Some Observations, by the Rt. Hon. 
 
 George Rose. 1809s 4to, which were answered in a Vindi- 
 
 634 
 
 FOX 
 
 cation of Fox's History, by Sergeant Samuel Heywood, 
 1811, 4to. There was also pub., in 8vo, a work entitled 
 Remarks on Fox's History of James II. We should not 
 omit to state that, of the History of James, some copies were 
 pub. on large paper, 4to, and some of elephant folio size. 
 
 " It was also during the early progress of printing the first vol ume 
 of these [Typographical] Antiquities, at Mr. Savage's, in Bedford- 
 bury, Covent-Garden, that I used to see the sheets of Mr. Fox's 
 Historical Work hanging up in every direction through the dwell 
 ing-house and adjacent yard. It will be naturally supposed that 
 five thousand copies of a quarto volume, with five hundred more 
 upon a larger paper, and yet another two hundred and fifty of an 
 elephantine size, were not likely to be carried through the press 
 where the premises were small, without seeming to suffocate every 
 passage and corridor of the building. . . . [Note.] It was doubtless 
 the boldest experiment ever made with a large paper speculation : 
 but it succeeded. In due course, what at first came forth as a rapid 
 and overboiling torrent, at a high price, subsided into a quiet chan 
 nel, and became obtainable on very moderate terms. Yet, consider 
 ing the extraordinary number of copies printed, I do not consider 
 this book of the commonest possible occurrence. As the work of 
 an AUTHOR whose name can never perish, it must necessarily form 
 ' part and parcel' of every well-ordered library. Why is it not 
 classed in ' rank and file' with the octavo HUMES, ROBERTSONS, and 
 GIBBONS?" Dibdin's Reminiscences of a Lit. Life, vol. i., 277. 
 
 "The topmost step [of Authorship] . . . may be considered as 
 the tender of the leading booksellers of the day to become pur 
 chasers (and of course publishers) of Mr. Fox's Historical Work, 
 when Mr. Miller was the fortunate adventurer at the price of FOUR 
 THOUSAND GUINEAS." Ibid., vol. i., 185. 
 
 The octavo size, for which Dibdin, the Bibliomaniac, 
 sighed, can now be obtained. Fox's History was pub. in 
 an octayo vol. by Boguo of London, in 1846, bound with 
 Armand Carrel's Revolution in England; again, 1854. See 
 CARREL, ARMAND. 
 
 A copy of the elephant quarto size was illustrated by the 
 late Mr. Gray of Harringay Park, at an expense of 36 
 guineas. It is bound in 2 vols. 4to. It fell into the hands 
 of Mr. H. G. Bohn of London, who offered it at the trifling 
 price of 8 8s. 
 
 This article is already longer than we can well justify, 
 yet we feel unwilling to conclude without quoting a few 
 lines of tribute to the eloquence of this great orator. This 
 subject is ably treated by our learned and excellent corre 
 spondent, Dr. C. A. Goodrich, in his admirable work, already 
 referred to, entitled Select British Eloquence. In this 
 volume, which should be in every collection of any pre 
 tensions, will also be found six of Mr. Fox's best speeches. 
 Undoubtedly Fox owed much of his success as an orator 
 to the most careful and elaborate cultivation of his great 
 natural genius. He proposed to himself, as the first object 
 of life, oratorical distinction ; and by gradual ascents he at 
 length reached the summit. We by no means rank him 
 with Pitt in vigour, or with Burke in fervour ; but in prompt 
 ness, lucidity, and fulness, Fox knew no superior. 
 
 Burke describes him exactly, in those graphic lines 
 which excited the bitter indignation of meddling, pompous 
 little Dr. Parr : 
 
 " I knew him when he was nineteen ; since which time he has 
 risen by slow degrees to be the most brilliant and accomplished 
 debater the world ever saw." 
 
 This is it: he was a brilliant and accomplished debater. 
 He had on ordinary occasions far greater power over his 
 auditors than either of his great contemporaries and rivals. 
 He lacked the moral elevation and the commanding sway 
 of Pitt, but he knew better how to touch the passions. He 
 had less philosophy than Burke, but he possessed far more 
 tact. In the knowledge of man he was inferior to either, 
 but in the knowledge of men he left both far in the rear. 
 Their respective influence over their auditors illustrated 
 our distinction. When Pitt thundered his anathemas, 
 they hung their heads with confusion; when Burke ex 
 horted them by their love of virtue and truth, they were 
 half persuaded to make an alliance with virtue ; but when 
 Fox arose, full of blandishments of voice and manner, 
 and instructed and amused them by turns, they forgot 
 their terror and their repentance, and gave him their hearts 
 and their votes. 
 
 The discussion of the question, how far the eloquence 
 of Fox may properly be compared with the ancient model, 
 to which doubtless he laboured to conform his style, has 
 elicited opinions so contradictory, from two great critics, 
 that we may well decline to enter the lists. 
 
 " He certainly possessed, above all moderns, that union of reason, 
 simplicity, and vehemence, which formed the prince of orators. 
 He was the most Demosthenean speaker since Demosthenes." SIR 
 JAMES MACKINTOSH. 
 
 But, says Lord Brougham, in reference to this dictum, 
 " There never was a greater mistake than the fancying a close 
 resemblance between his eloquence and that of Demosthenes." 
 
 In reviewing these rather antagonistic opinions, Dr. 
 Goodrich points out ten characteristics of the oratory of 
 Fox which bear a striking resemblance to the well-known 
 
FOX 
 
 peculiarities of Demosthenes, and instances other points 
 in which the dissimilarity is quite as obvious. The clear 
 ness of intellect which distinguished the great English 
 orator did not lack that prevailing influence which can 
 only be lent by the warmth of the passions. 
 
 "His feeling," says Coleridge, " was all intellect, and his intel 
 lect was all feeling." 
 
 "I have seen his countenance," says Godwin, "lighten up with 
 more than mortal ardour and goodness ; I have been present when 
 his voice was suffocated with tears." 
 
 In kindliness of temper and geniality of disposition in 
 private life no man surpassed the indignant "Thunderer" 
 of the Commons of England. He knew no animosities 
 outside of the lines of party entrenchments. 
 
 " He was," said Mr. Burke, shortly after their separation, "a man 
 who was made to be loved." 
 
 Dr. Franklin, a close observer of men and manners, was 
 most favourably impressed with the appearance of sincerity 
 and warmth which pervaded his whole character. In a 
 letter to David Hartley, dated "Passy, 6th Sept., 1783," 
 he remarks : 
 
 " Enclosed is my letter to Mr. Fox. I beg you would assure him 
 that my expressions of esteem for him are not mere professions. 
 I really think him a great man. and I should not think so, if I did 
 not believe he was at bottom, and would prove himself, a good one." 
 Spares Works of franklin, vol. x. 1, 2. 
 
 But alas ! that period never arrived ; a great man and 
 an eloquent orator Fox certainly was ; but to that highest 
 title which can be proposed to man's loftiest ambition a 
 GOOD MAN the great English statesman could lay no claim. 
 
 Two articles on Fox, by the Rt. Hon. John Hookham 
 Frere, will be found in the Lon. Quar. Rev., ii. 375, and 
 vi. 518. See, also, articles by the Rev. Sydney Smith, 
 in Edin. Rev., xiv. 490, and xviii. 325 ; and a review of 
 Fox's Corresp. with Gilbert Wakefield, by the Earl of Dud 
 ley, in Lon. Quar. Rev., ix. 313. See also a review of 
 Fox's James II., by Lord Jeffrey, 'in Edin. Rev., xii. 271 ; 
 and a notice by Francis Horner of the French trans, of 
 this work, in Edin. Rev., xv. 190. 
 
 We have referred to Dr. Parr's enthusiastic admiration 
 for Mr. Fox. We quote an amusing exemplification : 
 
 " When I pronounced the words ' Mr. ft>x arose,' Parr would 
 roar out ' stop!' and, after shaking the ashes out of his pipe, and 
 filling it afresh, he would add, ' Now, you dog, do your best.' 
 
 " In the course of the speech, he would often interrupt me, in a 
 tone of triumphant exultation, with exclamations such as the fol 
 lowing: 'Capital!' 'Answer that, if you can. Matter Pitt!' and at 
 the conclusion, 'That is the speech of the orator and statesman.' " 
 New Month. Mag., Aug. 1826, where will be found many interesting 
 recollections of Dr. Parr. 
 
 " If I were to be asked what was the nature of Mr. Fox's elo 
 quence, I should answer that it was only asking me in other words 
 what I understood to be the character of eloquence itself, when 
 applied to the transactions of British Government and Laws." 
 ERSKINE. 
 
 Fox, C. J. Guide to Officers of Towns, Concord, New 
 Hamp., 1843, 12mo. 
 
 Fox, Edmund. Enthusiasm; a Poem, with Notes 
 variorum, <fcc., Lon., 1758, 8vo. 
 
 Fox, Edward, d. 1538, Bishop of Hereford, and 
 Almoner to Henry VIII., wrote De Vera Differentia Regiae 
 Potestatis et Ecclesiastics, Ac., 1534, '38, (trans, into Eng 
 lish by Henry, Lord Stafford,) Annotations upon the 
 Mantuan Poet, and an Oration. See Biog. Brit. ; Lloyd's 
 State Worthies; Strype's Cranmer; Dodd's Church Hist. 
 
 Fox, Edward. Formulae Medicamentorum Selectse, 
 Lon., 1777, 8vo. 
 
 Fox, Francis. Serm., Lon., 1683, 4to. 
 
 Fox, Francis, d. 1738, Vicar of Pottern, Wiltshire, 
 and Preb. of Salisbury; Vicar of St. Mary's, Reading, 
 1726. 1. Serms., 1705, '15, '27. 2. Oaths, 1710, 8vo. 3. 
 Duty of Public Worship, 1713, 12mo ; 4th ed., 1727. 4. 
 N. Testament Explained, 1722, 2 vols. 8vo. New ed., 1742. 
 
 "In this work the references are all given, in words at full 
 length, under the text; so that the parallel texts may be all seen 
 at one view. ... It contains also a few notes on some difficult 
 passages." Orme's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 " The editor of this useful publication has given, for the most 
 part, all the references in the last and fullest edition of the Bible, 
 together with a great number collected by himself: and has fur 
 ther added the chronology of Bishop Usher, the marginal render 
 ings, and several good notes on really difficult passages, together 
 with a copious iudex. The work is now only to be procured at a 
 very high price." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Fox, George, 1624-1690, the founder of the Society 
 of Friends or Quakers, was a native of Drayton, Leices 
 tershire, where his father followed the occupation of a 
 weaver. George was bound apprentice to a shoemaker 
 and grazier, and, whilst engaged in tending his sheep, en 
 joyed those opportunities for undisturbed meditation 
 which resulted in the formation of that character of solid 
 piety and religious zeal which eminently distinguished his 
 future life. In 1643 he abandoned his occupation, and 
 
 FOX 
 
 four years later he became an itinerant preacher, re 
 buking sharply whatever he deemed worthy of repre 
 hension, and often "holding forth," without invitation, to 
 congregations assembled for regular service. These 
 "breaches of the peace" led to frequent imprisonments, 
 involving great hardships and privations, which were 
 patiently submitted to by one who was always ready to 
 lay down his life in defence of what he believed to be the 
 truth. About 1669 he was married to Margaret Fell, the 
 widow of Thomas Fell, a Welsh Judge. It will not be 
 expected that we should follow him in his arduous and 
 unremitting efforts for the benefit of his fellow-beings. 
 The reader will find ample sources of information in the 
 works indicated below. In the course of his public minis 
 trations he twice visited the continent, spent two years in 
 assiduous labours among the American colonies, and re 
 peatedly visited different portions of Great Britain. He 
 died in London in 1690, continuing his public addresses 
 until within a few days of his death. A list of his separate 
 publications will be found in Bibl. Brit. His writings were 
 published in three vols. fol., viz. : 1. Journal of his Life. 
 Travels, Ac., 1694, fol.; 1709, 2 vols. 8vo; 1765, fol. 2. Coll 
 lection of many Select and Christian Epistles, Letters, and 
 Testimonies written by George Fox, 1698. 3. Gospel Truth 
 Demonstrated in a collection of doctrinal books given forth 
 by George Fox ; containing principles essential to Chris 
 tianity and Salvation held among the people called Qua* 
 kers, 1706. A new ed. of his works has been pub. in Phila., 
 8 vols. 8vo. See Sewel's Hist, of the Quakers; Neal's 
 Puritans ; Rees's Cyclopaedia; Jonah Marsh's Life of Fox, 
 1848, 12mo; Samuel M. Janney's Life of Fox, with Disser 
 tations on his Views concerning the Doctrines, Testimonies, 
 and Discipline of the Christian Church, Phila., 1853, 8vo. 
 
 Fox's Journal is a volume of great interest, and has 
 been highly commended even by those who felt little sym 
 pathy for the author's religious peculiarities. 
 
 " It is one of the most extraordinary and instructive narratives 
 in the world; which no reader of competent judgment can peruse 
 without revering the virtue of the writer." SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH. 
 
 " I have read through the ponderous folio of George Fox. Pray 
 how may I return it to Mr. Skewell, at Ipswich? I fear to send 
 such a treasure by a stage-coach ; not that I am afraid of the coach 
 man or the guard reading it, but it might be lost. Can you put 
 me in a way of sending it safely ? The kind-hearted owner trusted 
 it to me for six months; I think I was about as many days in get 
 ting through it, and I do not think that I skipped a word of it." 
 Charles Lamb to Bernard Barton, Feb. 1823. 
 
 The reader will find a brief notice of Fox's labours in 
 Scotland in this Dictionary, article BAB CLAY, ROBERT. We 
 have quoted, in the article referred to, William Perm's 
 opinion of Robert Barclay, and it is but fitting that we 
 should record the testimony of the same eminent authority 
 to the excellence of the character of George Fox. He 
 mentions in terms of warm commendation his meekness, 
 humility, and moderation; tells us that he was 
 
 " Civil beyond all forms of breeding ; in his behaviour very tem 
 perate, eating little, and sleeping less, though a bulky person. . . . 
 He had an extraordinary gift in opening the Scriptures, but, above 
 all, excelled in prayer. The reverence and solemnity of his address 
 and behaviour, and the ferventness and fulness of his words, often 
 struck strangers with admiration." 
 
 Fox, Henry. 1. New Diet, in French and Eng., Lon., 
 1769, 12mo. 2. View of Univ. Mod. Hist., 476-1648, trans, 
 from the French of Chev. Mehegan, 1779, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Eloquent and animated style, and philosophical and impartial 
 spirit." 
 
 Fox, Henry Richard, third Lord Holland, nephew 
 of Charles James Fox. 1. Some Account of the Life and 
 Writings of Lope Felix de Vega Carpio, Lon., 1806, 8vo ; 
 2d ed., with a Life of Guillen de Castro, 1817, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " This is evidently the work of a person of taste and intelligence, 
 not much accustomed to write with a view to publication. ~ It is 
 composed in an easy conversational style, with very little of the 
 getting up of authorship, or the parade of literary accomplish 
 ments. It is written, however, in a very pleasing and lively man 
 ner, and indicates great good sense and liberality of sentiment ; 
 although the want of pretension is sometimes carried the length 
 of carelessness, and the want of method is sometimes productive 
 of considerable embarrassment." LORD JEFFREY : Edin. Rev., ix. 
 224-242. 
 
 '' It is a pleasant book, and contains a good notice of both its 
 subjects, and judicious criticisms on their works ; but it is quite 
 as interesting for the glimpses it gives of the fine accomplishments 
 and generous spirit of its author, who spent some time in Spain 
 when he was about thirty years old, and never afterwards ceased 
 to take an interest in its affairs and literature. ... An excellent 
 abstract of it [in the play of The Star of Seville] in its original 
 state, and faithful translations of parts of it, are to be found in 
 I Lord Holland's Life of Lope. . . . For notices of him [JovenallosJ 
 see. ... Lord Holland's Life of Lope de Vega, 1817, Tom. II., 
 where is a beautiful tribute to him, worthy of Mr. Fox's nephew." 
 Ticknor's Hist, of Spanish Lit., 2d ed., ii. 121, 205; iii. 304. 
 
 But whoever would understand the Life and Times of 
 Lope de Vega, and indeed of Spanish authors generally, 
 
FOX 
 
 FOX 
 
 must consult the invaluable volumes of Mr. Ticknor him 
 self. See TICKNOR, GEORGE. 
 
 2. Three Comedies from the Spanish, 1807, 8vo. And 
 see article Fox, RT. HON. CHARLES JAMES, No. 6, and 
 HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VARRALL, third LORD. 
 
 Fox, J. 1. Tancred; a Tale of Ancient Times, Lon., 
 1T91, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Sancta Maria; a Romance, 1787. 
 
 Fox, or Foxe, John, 1517-1587, the Martyrologist, 
 a native of Boston, Lincolnshire, was educated at Bra- 
 senose Coll., Oxf., where he attained great distinction by 
 his extraordinary acquisitions. His love of study he re 
 tained after he had left college; for we are assured by his 
 son that before he was thirty years of age he had read 
 over all the Greek and Latin fathers, the schoolmen, and 
 the proceedings of councils and consistories. He received 
 the degree of B.A. in 1538, and in 1543 was elected Fellow 
 of Magdalen College. In 1545 he was accused of heresy, 
 and, boldly proclaiming his opinions to be in favour of the 
 Protestant Reformation, he was expelled from his college. 
 After supporting himself for some time as a tutor in the 
 family of Sir Thomas Lucy, of Warwickshire, and subse 
 quently in the household of the Duke of Norfolk, he found 
 himself in danger from the vigilance of Gardiner, and 
 escaped with difficulty to the continent. He here medi 
 tated his great work the Acts and Monuments of the 
 Church, or Book of Martyrs. The first draft of it was an 
 octavo volume, pub. at Strasbourg, 1554, in Latin, entitled, 
 Commentarii rerum in Ecclesiae Gestarum, maximarum- 
 que per totem Europam persecutionem a Wiclavi tempori- 
 bus ad hanc usque as tat am descriptarum ; in one book. 
 Reprinted, with 5 other books, at Basil, 1559, fol. On 
 the accession of Elizabeth he returned home, was pen 
 sioned by his former pupil, now fourth Duke of Norfolk, 
 and through Secretary Cecil received a prebend in the 
 Church of Salisbury. No office in the church would have 
 been thought too good for him, had he been willing to 
 forget scruples to which he adhered with self-denying per 
 tinacity. He refused to subscribe to some of the canons, 
 and boldly petitioned the Queen on behalf of the German 
 Anabaptists. He spent the rest of his days in great esteem 
 for his profound learning, sincere piety, and unfeigned 
 humility, and died, amidst the blessings of the nation, in 
 1587, in his 70th year. He pub. a number of theolog. 
 treatises, tables of Grammar, the Latin play of De 
 Christo triumphante, &c., an account of which will be 
 found in the authorities cited below ; but he is best known 
 by the great work already mentioned the Acts and Monu 
 ments of these latter and perilous dayes, touching matters 
 of the Churche ; wherein are comprehended and described, 
 the great persecutions and horrible troubles that have been 
 wrought and practised by the Romish Prelates, speciallye 
 in this Realme of England and Scotlande, from the year 
 of our Lord 1000, unto the tyme now present. Gathered 
 and collected accordyng to the true copies and wry tinges 
 certificatorie, as well of the parties themselves that suffered, 
 as also out of the Bishops' Registers, which were the doers 
 thereof, Lon., 1563, fol. ; 1583, fol. Enlarged, 1570, 
 2 vols. fol. ; 1576, 2 vols. fol. j 1612, '32, '43, 3 vols. fol. ; 
 1650, 2 vols. fol. ; 9th ed. ? 1684, 3 vols. fol. 
 
 Respecting the new editions of this valuable work, we 
 can give nothing more to the purpose than the following 
 extract from a letter before us, written by an eminent 
 bibliographer, who, having instructed our grandfathers in 
 his youth, continues in his advanced age to enlighten their 
 descendants with the results of his pains-taking researches. 
 It would indeed be difficult to estimate the value of this 
 gentleman's thirty-five years' service in the British Museum. 
 
 "A new edition, superintended by the Rev. S. A. Cattley, M.A., 
 was published at London, 1836-41, in 8 vols. 8vo; to whicli was 
 prefixed a Life of Foxe, including a vindication of his work from 
 the attacks of Romanists, by the Rev. George Townsend, D.D.. of 
 Durham. This edition having been severely criticised, (and not 
 without reason.) a carefully-revised and considerably-improved 
 edition was published between the years 1846 and 1849. But the 
 best edition of Foxe's Acts and Monuments will be found in the 
 Reformation Series of the Ecclesiastical Historians of England, 
 published at London, also in 8 vols. 8vo, in 1853 and following 
 years. The editors (the Rev. R. R. Mendham, M.A., and Josiah 
 Pratt, Jun., MA.) have most carefully corrected the whole work, 
 and have verified the documents consulted by Foxe. This edition 
 is beautifully and accurately printed, and is enriched with a 
 valuable Appendix of Documents. Dr. Townsend's Life and Vindi 
 cation of Foxe are retained, with some corrections." Thomas 
 Hartwdl Horne,DD., to S. Austin Allibone, British Museum, ion- 
 dare, April 25, 1856. 
 
 All the other so-called Foxe's Book of Martyrs, edited 
 respectively by -Milner, Buckley, Pratt, Clarke, Cobbin, 
 Cumming, Kennedy, Seymour, Mrs. Tonna, or any one 
 else, are merely abridgments, of more or less value. Thjp 
 first abridgment, by Rev. Timothy Bright, M.D., (q. v.,) 
 
 pub. in 1581, and again in 1589, 4to, is now a rare 
 book, but is little valued. We have already referred 
 under the appropriate head to the Rev. Dr. Thomas 
 Bray's Martyrology, or Papal Usurpation and Persecu 
 tion, 1712, fol., intended as a supplement to the Acts and 
 Monuments. 
 
 The Acts and Monuments received the approbation of 
 the first three Archbishops of the Reformed Church of 
 England, viz.: Parker, Grindal, (who assisted Fox in the 
 work,) and Whitgift. It was ordered to be set up in every 
 one of the parish churches in England, as well as in the 
 common halls of archbishops, bishops, deans, archdeacons, 
 and heads of colleges; and its influence in keeping alive 
 the Protestant feeling in Great Britain and North America 
 is too well known to be disputed. 
 
 Without entering at large into the merits of the work, 
 it certainly would appear that, as regards conscientiousness 
 of performance and adherence to records, the faithfulness 
 of the Book of Martyrs cannot intelligently be questioned, 
 For the same reason abundant testimony that we be 
 lieve Sir Thomas More, the Roman Catholic Chancellor, 
 to have been one of the best of men, do we believe John 
 Fox, the Protestant chronicler, to have been one of th 
 most veracious of historians. As regards the credit accru 
 ing to their respective communions from the adherence of 
 these two great men, it is to be remembered that More 
 simply retained the bias of education and habit, whilsl 
 Fox had to overcome both of these before he could be a 
 Protestant. Both were honest as the sun ; and had Sii 
 Thomas More presented us with Roman Catholic Acts anc 
 Monuments as well attested as those of John Fox, we 
 should have considered them entitled to equal credence 
 It has been confidently declared that 
 
 "All the popish writers from Harpsfield to Milner have noi 
 proved, and it never will be proved, that John Fox is not one ol 
 the most faithful and authentic of all historians." 
 
 The testimony of the two eminent authorities subjoinec 
 must have great weight with those who can appreciate th< 
 value of evidence: 
 
 "Mr. Fox must not go without the commendation of a mos 
 painful searcher into records, archives, and repositories of origina 
 acts and letters of state, and a great collector of MSS. All th( 
 world is infinitely beholden to him for abundance of extract; 
 thence communicated to us in his volumes. And as he hatl 
 been found most diligent, so most strictly true and faithful in hi; 
 transcriptions." STRYPE: Annals of the Reformation. 
 
 " Mr. Fox hath very diligently and faithfully laboured in thi 
 matter, [of Archbishops and Metropolitans,] and searched out th< 
 truth of it as learnedly as I knowe any man to have done." 
 ARCHBISHOP WHITGIFT, after he " had read over his Acts and Monu 
 ments from the one end to the other." See Defence of the Answe: 
 to the Admonition, p. 333. 
 
 The great Cainden thus refers to the Martyrologist am 
 his work : 
 
 "Ex eruditorum numero obiit Johannes Foxus Oxoniensis, qu 
 Ecclesiastic-am Anglire Historiam sive Martyrologiam indefessi 
 veritatis studio, primum latine postea anglice auctius, magna cun 
 laude contexuit." Annales Elizabeth, p. 558, edit. 8vo. 
 
 Bishop Burnet, a most pains-taking searcher into origi 
 nal papers, thus sets his seal to Fox's conscientiousness a 
 a historian : 
 
 " Having compared these Acts and Monuments with the records 
 I have never been able to discover any errors or prevarications ii 
 them, but the utmost fidelity and exactness." Pref. to Hist, q, 
 the Reformation. 
 
 But faithfulness in a historian is one thing; infallibility 
 is quite another thing; and we doubt not at all that, a 
 Wood and Collier among Protestants, and many Romai 
 Catholic commentators, affirm, Fox has, without any inten 
 tion to deceive, admitted exaggerations, and even some 
 times fictions, which diminish the value, whilst they ad( 
 to the bulk, of a book of great learning, research, and his 
 torical as well as theological value. 
 
 But for critics, who lived long after the historian am 
 the historian's opportunities, to pretend to know the con 
 tents of records which they never saw, is a little more thai 
 absurd: it is foolish and impertinent, and places thi 
 offender beyond the lines of polite and intelligent contro 
 versy. Undoubtedly Jchn Fox was not an infallible chro 
 nicler nor a perfect man ; and if any modern Quixote seel 
 for a religionist without zeal, an advocate without parti 
 alities, a partisan without prejudice, and a man withou 
 passions, he must needs go altogether out of the world fo 
 his Phoenix. 
 
 It is much to be said of any man, in the absence of al 
 perfection, which is recorded by Fuller of our historian: 
 
 "Although the richest mitre in England would have counte< 
 itself preferred by being placed upon his head, he contented him 
 self with a prebend of Salisbury. How learnedly he wrote, hoi 
 constantly he preached, how piously he lived, and how cheerful!; 
 he died, may be seen at large in the life prefixed to his book."- 
 Clmrch History. 
 
FOX 
 
 FRA 
 
 To this life, written by his son, and to the authorities 
 subjoined below, we refer the curious reader who wishes 
 to see a specimen of that which has been written for and 
 against the famous Martyrologist : 
 
 " Several of Fox's other works his Treatise on Justification, 
 and the Sermons on Christ Crucified, and on Christ Triumphant 
 are excellent." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 Nor should we omit to acknowledge the pious zeal of 
 Fox in collecting the Works, appending thereto the Lives, 
 of William Tyndale, John Frith, and Robert Barnes, 1573, 
 fol. He tells us that he collected them that they might 
 
 " Remain as perpetual samples shyning in the church of Christ 
 to geeve light to all posteritie." See BARNES, ROBERT. 
 
 See Strype's Annals and Lives of the Archbishops, pas 
 sim ; Bale ; Fuller's Worthies, and his Church Hist. ; Athen. 
 Oxon. ; Fox's MSS., Collec. in Harleian MSS. in Brit. Mus. ; 
 Biog. Brit, ; Fuller's Abel Redivivus; Churton's Life of No- 
 well; Wordsworth's Eccl. Biog., Preface, <fcc.; Collier's Eccl. 
 Hist. ; Dodd's Ch. Hist. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Fox, John. 1. Agricult. of Monmouth, Brentf., 1794, 
 4to. 2. Agricult. of Glamorgan, Lon., 1796, 4to. 
 
 Fox, Joseph. Serm., 1702, 4to. 
 
 Fox, Joseph. Parish Clerk's Vade Mecum, 1778, 
 12mo. 
 
 Fox, Joseph, of Roy. Coll. of Surgeons, pub. a num 
 ber of profess, and educational and theolog. works. The 
 following is still in estimation : Nat. Hist, and Diseases 
 of the Human Teeth, Lon., 1803-06, 4to. Of this work 
 there have been three English eds. Also pub. in N. York 
 and Phila. Remodelled, with an Introduct., and nearly 
 two-thirds of addit. matter, by Chapin A. Harris, M.D., 
 Prof, in Baltimore Coll. of Dent. Surgeons. With 30 
 plates, Phila., sup.-roy. 8vo. 
 
 "A work which we think every dental student, and especially 
 practitioner, should possess. The plates alone are worth the price 
 of the book, [$5.]" Amer. Jour, of Dental Science. 
 
 Fox, Joseph Bolton. Lectures on Modern Socini- 
 anism, 1824, 12mo. 
 
 "The productions of a mind imbued with piety, and distin 
 guished by just views of Evangelical truth." Lon. Evangelical 
 Mag. 
 
 Fox, or Foxe, Luke. Northwest Fox, or Fox from 
 the Northwest Passage. By Captain Lvke Foxe, of King- 
 stone-vpon-Hull, Lon., 1635, 4to. 
 
 " This treatise contains many important facts and j udicious ob 
 servations on the ice, the tides, compass, northern lights, &c." 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 Fox, M. C., and B. C. Smith. Reports of Cases in 
 Ct. of K. B. and Ct. of Error, 1822-24, Dubl., 1825, 8vo. 
 
 Fox, Margaret, wife of George Fox, the founder of 
 the Quakers. Passages rel. to her Birth, Life, Ac., with 
 sundry of her Epistles, &c., Lon., 1710, 8vo. See Jan- 
 ney's Life of George Fox, Phila., 8vo. 
 
 Fox, Richard, d. 1528, a native of Grantham, Lin 
 colnshire, educated at Magdalen Coll., Oxf., was made 
 Bishop of Durham by Henry VII. He was subsequently 
 translated to Winchester. He founded Corpus Christi 
 Coll., Oxf., with two Lectures for Greek and Latin, and 
 several free schools. 1. The Contemplacyon of Synners, 
 Lon., 1499, 4to. 2. Letter to Cardinal Wolsey. See Chal 
 mers's Hist, of Oxf. ; Life in Biog. Brit. ; Life by Gough 
 in the Vetusta Monumenta; Wood's Colleges and Halls; 
 Athen. Oxon.; Jortin's Erasmus; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Fox, Samuel. Monks and Monasteries, being an ac 
 count of English Monachism, Lon., 1845, sm. 8vo. Other 
 works. 
 
 Fox,-W. J., M.P., b. 1786, near Wrentham, Suffolk, 
 formerly a Unitarian preacher, is well known as a pro 
 minent member of the extreme liberal party. In 1847 
 and 1852 he was elected M.P. for Oldham. As a periodi 
 cal-writer he has been connected with the Westminster 
 Review, for which he wrote the first article of the first 
 number, and other papers; the Monthly Repository, and 
 the Weekly Dispatch newspaper. 1. Letter to Rev. J. P. 
 Smith, D.D., 1813, 8vo. 2. Funl. Serm. on T. P. Powell, 
 M.D., 1816. 3. The Life and Literary Remains of Charles 
 Reece Pemberton. Edited by John Fowler, 1843, 8vo. 
 4. Lectures to the Working Classes. Vols. i.-iii., 1845-49 ; 
 vol. iv., 1851, 12mo. 5. On the Religious Ideas, 1849, 8vo. 
 New ed., 1851, 12mo. 
 
 Fox, Wm. 1. Exam, of Paine's Writings, Lon., 1793, 
 8vo. 2. Remarks on Agricult. Reports made in 1794, Lon., 
 1798, 4to. 
 
 " The author has selected well and observed very acutely." 
 Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Mr. Fox also pub. several polit. and theolog. works, 
 1793-1813. 
 
 Fox, Wm. A Treatise on Simple Contracts, and the 
 Action of Assumpsit, Lon., 1842, 12mo. 
 
 "An admirable outline of the Law of Contracts, containing much 
 
 information in a condensed form." 6 Jurist, 167 ; 24 Leg. Obt.. 
 102; Marvin's Leg. Bib., 322. 
 
 Fox, Wm., Jr. La Bagatelle; or, Delineations of 
 Home Scenery: a Descriptive Poem, 1801, 8vo. 
 
 Foxcraft, Alex. Lett, to W. Davidson, 1803. 8vo. 
 
 Foxcroft, John. The Good of good Gov't and a well- 
 founded Peace, opened in a Serm., Lon., 1645, 4to. 
 
 Foxcroft, John. Serms., 1695, '97, 8vo, 12mo, and 4to. 
 
 Foxcroft, Thomas, d. 1769, aged 72, a Congrega 
 tional minister in Boston, Mass., graduated at Harvard 
 Coll. in 1714. He pub. a number of serms., <fcc., 1718-60, 
 for a list of which see Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet.; Chand 
 ler's Life of Johnson. 
 
 " His writings evince a clearness of perception, copiousness of 
 invention, liveliness of imagination, and soundness of judgment." 
 
 Foxell, John. 1. Serm. on Lord Nelson, 1806. 
 
 Foxle, George. Groans of the Spirit in the Trial 
 of the Truth of Prayer, Lon., 1639, 8vo. 
 
 Foxley, Thomas. Serm., 1756, 8vo. 
 
 Foxon, Wm. A Brief Discovery rel. to the Infinite 
 Being and Reigning of God in Mankind. 
 
 Foxton, Rev. Frederick J., perpetual Curate of 
 Stoke, Prior, and Docklow, Herefordshire. Popular Chris 
 tianity, Lon., 1849, p. 8vo. 
 
 "His book appears to us to contain many just and profound 
 views of the religious character of the present age, and its indica 
 tions of progress." Lon. Prospective Rev., Nov. 1849. 
 
 Foxton, Thomas. Moral Songs for Children, 1728. 
 
 Foxwell, W. Primitive State of Adam, 1807. 
 
 Foye, Rev. M. W. Early Irish Church, 2d ed., Lon., 
 1845, 12mo. New ed., 1851. 2. Romish Rites, offices and 
 legends. This forms Gibson's Preservative, Suppl. 7; 2d 
 ed., 1851, p. 8vo. 
 
 Foyster, J. G. Serms., Lon., 1826, 8vo. 
 
 Frampton, Algernon, M.D. Robert Thomas's Mo 
 dern Practice of Physic, llth ed., Lon., 1853, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Frampton, John. 1. Joyfull Newes out of the new 
 founde Worlde, Lon., 1577, '80, '96, 4to. From the Span 
 ish of Monardi, 3d ed., printed with No. 4. 2. Ports, 
 Creekes, Bayes, and Hauens of the W. Indies, from the 
 Castill tongue, 1578, 4to. 3. Trans, of the Travels of 
 Marco Polo, 1579, 4to. 4. The Bezoar Stone, Ac., 1580, 
 4to. Printed with No. 1. 5. Arte of Navigation, from 
 the Spanish of P. de Medina, 1581, fol. ; 1595, 4to. 
 
 Frampton, Matthew, LL.D. Serms., 1769, '76, 4to. 
 
 Frampton, Th. Serm., 1712, 8vo. 
 
 Framton, G. Election for Dorset, 180Y, 8vo. 
 
 Franchore, Gabriel, b. 1786, at Montreal. Travels 
 in Oregon ; 1st ed. in French, 1819-20. English trans., 
 N. York, 1854. 
 
 Francillon, F. Essay on Punctuation, Lon., 1842, 
 fp. 8vo. 
 
 "A treatise which we can safely recommend. . . . The work also 
 bears evident marks of considerable learning." Oxf. Univ. Herald. 
 
 See DAY, WM. ; WILSON, JOHN. 
 
 Francillon, John. Of a Scarabaeus, 1795, 4to. 
 
 Francis. 10 Serms., 1771, 12mo. 
 
 Francis, Anne, d. 1800, an English lady. 1. A Po 
 etical Trans, of the Song of Solomon, from the original 
 Hebrew, Lon., 1781, 4to. 
 
 " The versification is smooth and lively. The plan of the poem 
 is constructed on the principles of Harmer's Outline, to whom, 
 and to Parkhurst, she is indebted for many of her notes and illus 
 trations." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " Her version is elegantly executed." Home's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 2. Obsequies of Demetrius Poliorcetes; a Poem, 1785, 
 4to. 3. Charlotte to Werter, 1788, 4to. 4. Miscell. Poems, 
 1790, 12mo. 
 
 Francis, B. 1. Elegy, Lon., 1771, 4to. 2. Poem, 
 1786, 8vo. 
 
 Francis, C., of Wath. Serm., 1788, 8vo. 
 
 Francis, Charles. Union with Ch. of Eng., 1807, 4to. 
 
 Francis, Convers. 1. Life of John Eliot in Sparks's 
 Amer. Biog., 1st Series, v. 1. 2. Life of Sebastian Rale, 
 in 2d Series, vii. 157. 
 
 Francis, Eliza S. Sir Willibert de Waverley, or the 
 Bridal Eve; a Poem, Lon., 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Francis, F. Introduc. to Geography, Lon., 1812. 
 
 Francis, F. J. Two Lectures on Physical and Fos 
 sil Geology, Lon., 1839, p. 8vo. 
 
 " The Lectures are carefully corrected, clearly written, and will 
 prove a valuable addition to the existing elementary works on one 
 of the most interesting and important of the physical sciences." 
 Lon. New Monthly Mag. 
 
 2. Orig. Designs for Churches and Chapels, 1841, imp. 
 4to. 
 
 Francis, George Hy. 1. The Duke of Wellington's 
 Maxims and Opinions, Lon., 1845, 8vo. 
 
 " It is the most compendious, the most agreeable, and. all things 
 considered, the best, book that has been published respecting the 
 Duke of Wellington." Lon. Times. 
 
 627 
 
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 2. Orators of the Age, 1847, p. 8vo. 
 
 "No man living has had such admirable opportunities of ob 
 serving our Parliamentary orators, or has evinced so much fitness 
 for the very delicate task of treating each man after his deserts. 
 We commend the volume to general attention for its truthfulness, 
 its exceeding good taste, and its very pleasant style." Lon. Pic 
 torial Times. 
 
 3. Critical Biographies : B. Disraeli ; the late Sir Ro 
 bert Peel, 1852, 12mo; Lord Brougham, 1853, 12mo. 
 Opinions and Policy of the Rt. Hon. Viscount Palmer- 
 ston, with Memoir, 1852, 8vo. 
 
 " This work ought to have a place in every political library. It 
 gives a complete view of the sentiments and opinions by which 
 the policy of Lord Palmerston has been dictated as a diplomatist 
 and statesman." 
 
 Francis, Henry. Serm., Lon., 1723, 8vo. 
 
 Francis, J. G. Notes from a Journal kept in Italy 
 and Sicily, 1844-46, with 8 Illust., Lon., 1847, 8vo. 
 
 " He [Mr. Francis] is an active and enterprising traveller. He 
 has a good taste in art, a keen relish for the beauties of nature, a 
 knowledge of history, acquired by reflecting as well as reading, an 
 observing eye for mankind, and, what is more, a sympathy with 
 them." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 Francis, J. T., M.D. Change of Climate considered 
 as a Remedy in Dyspeptic, Pulmonary, and other Chronic 
 Affections, Lon., 1855, p. 8vo. 
 
 " Proceeds from the pen of a well-informed practitioner and an 
 accomplished gentleman, well acquainted with the subject upon 
 which he treats." Lon. Lancet. 
 
 "A very meritorious production." Lon. Med. Times and Gaz. 
 
 Francis, John, LL.D., minister of St. John's, Nor 
 wich. Serm., 1746, 4to. 
 
 Francis, John, Vicar of Lekeham. 1. Serms., 1764, 
 '66, '67, '70. 2. Reflections on David, 1765, 8vo. 
 
 Francis, John, LL.D., Rector of Morley, Suffolk. 
 Serms., 1773, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Francis, John. 1. Hist, of the Bk. of England, Lon., 
 1847, 2 vols. p. Svo; 3d ed., 1848. 2. Chronicles and Cha 
 racters of the London Stock Exchange, 1849, 8vo. 
 
 " All the great operations that have taken place relating to the 
 funds, lotteries, loans, bribes, speculative manias, and panics, are 
 faithfully delineated; and Mr. Francis has brought together such 
 a variety of interesting anecdotes and historical facts as were never 
 before collected." Lon. Banker's Mag. 
 
 " A volume at once the most interesting and the most terrible 
 in modern English literature." Tail's Edin. Mag. 
 
 " No romance whatever has yet been constructed from materials 
 of deeper interest." Blackwood's Mag. 
 
 3. Hist, of the English Railway, 1820-45, 1851, 2 vols. 
 8vo. 4. Annals, Anecdotes, and Legends of Life Assurance, 
 1853, p. 8vo. 
 
 Francis, John W., M.D., LL.D., one of the most dis 
 tinguished of American physicians and men of letters, b. 
 1789, in the city of New York, is the son of Melchior 
 Francis, a native of Germany, who settled in America 
 about 1784. The subject of this memoir enjoyed as a 
 youth the learned preceptorship of George Strebeck and 
 John Conroy, distinguished for their attainments in the 
 classical and mathematical departments. In 1809 he gra 
 duated at Columbia College, from which in 1812 he re 
 ceived the degree of Master of Arts. In 1807, whilst still 
 an under-graduate, he commenced the study of medicine 
 under the eye of the celebrated Dr. Hosack, and gained 
 the warm approbation of his discriminating tutor by his 
 assiduous devotion to the object of his pursuit. 
 
 " During the period of his professional studies for four collegiate 
 years, he never absented himself from a single lecture, nor attended 
 one without making notes or abstracts on the subject taught by 
 the lecturer." 
 
 What an example is this to the students of the present 
 day, and how great has been the reward, in large stores of 
 professional erudition, in public esteem, and national repu 
 tation, of the hours thus devoted to the acquisition of use 
 ful knowledge ! 
 
 In 1811 the laborious student received from the College 
 of Physicians and Surgeons of N. York, organized in 1807, 
 the degree of M.D. : and, a few months later, received from 
 his old preceptor, Dr. Hosack, the offer of a co-partnership 
 in business. This flattering offer was indeed the highest 
 compliment that could be paid to the talents and acquire 
 ments of the young physician, and was of course accepted. 
 The connection thus formed lasted until 1820. In 1813 
 Dr. Francis was appointed lecturer on the Institutes of 
 Medicine and Materia Medica in the College of Physicians 
 and Surgeons of New York, and laboured with great zeal 
 in the discharge of his arduous duties. Anxious to trans 
 plant to his native soil whatever was valuable in the re 
 nowned medical schools of Europe, he left home for a tour 
 in Scotland, Ireland, Holland, and France, and derived 
 profitable themes of meditation and practice from the 
 friendly converse of the celebrated Gregory, Jamieson, 
 McCartney, Denon, Gall, Cuvier, and other benefactors 
 628 
 
 of the science and erudition of their race. The ardent 
 thirst for knowledge, the acuteness of perception, and 
 breadth of comprehension, which distinguished the young 
 American, did not escape the notice nor fail to elicit the 
 approbation of his distinguished European friends. 
 
 'A mind more ardent in the pursuit of useful knowledge," 
 writes the late Patrick Colquhoun, "perhaps never existed; and 
 I have no doubt he will, in a few years, stand at the head of his 
 profession." See Life of Eddy, by S. L. Knapp. 
 
 Upon the return of the young traveller to New York, he 
 was appointed Professor of the Institutes of Medicine in 
 the College of Physicians and Surgeons; and, on the death 
 of Dr. Stringham in 1817, succeeded that gentleman in the 
 department of Medical Jurisprudence. Two years later 
 he became Professor of Obstetrics, in addition to his former 
 duties, and held this appointment until 1826, when he re 
 signed at the same time with his colleagues, Drs. Hosack, 
 Mott, McNevin, and Mitchill. 
 
 A majority of the professors who had resigned from the 
 College of Physicians and Surgeons organized a new in 
 stitution under the name of Rutgers Medical College, and 
 its success was so great that at the end of four terms the 
 Legislature closed the doors of the last-named institution. 
 In the Rutgers Medical College Dr. Francis was chosen 
 Professor of Obstetrics and Forensic Medicine, and his 
 classes were crowded with students from different parts of 
 the republic, attracted by his great and growing reputa 
 tion. For other particulars connected with the life of this 
 eminent physician, useful citizen, and public benefactor 
 in many senses, we must refer the reader to the source to 
 which we are indebted for the facts above stated, the bio 
 graphy of Dr. Francis in the National Portrait- Gallery of 
 Distinguished Americans, vol. iv., Phila., 1853, 8vo. See 
 also New England Magazine, vol. vii. ; Griswold's Prose 
 Writers of America; Men of the Time, N. York, 1852; a 
 review of Dr. Francis's literary works in the Southern 
 Quarterly Review, xix. 226 ; and Knickerbocker Magazine, 
 Aug. 1858, for a sketch of Dr. Francis, with a steel portrait. 
 We annex a list of Dr. Francis's writings : 
 1. An Inaugural Dissertation on Memory, N.Y., 1811, 
 8vo, pp. 56. 2. Cases of Morbid Anatomy, 1814, 4to, pp. 
 36. 3. Letter on Febrile Contagion, 1816, 8vo, pp. 24. 
 4. Notice of Thos. Eddy, the Philanthropist, 1823, 12mo, 
 pp. 10. 5. Dr. T. Denman's Prac. of Midwifery, with 
 Notes, <fcc., 1825, 8vo. 6. Address" before the N.Y. Horti- 
 cult. Society, 1830, 8vo, pp. 34. 7. Address before the 
 Philoxian Society, 1831, Svo, pp. 43. 8. Letter on Cholera 
 Asphyxia of 1832, Svo, 1832, pp. 35. 9. Observations on 
 the Mineral Waters of Avon, 1834, Svo, pp. 36. 10. Dis 
 course before the N.Y. Lyceum of Natural History, 1841, 
 Svo, pp. 93. 11. Discourse before the N.Y. Academy of 
 Medicine, 1847, Svo, pp. 112. 12. Inaugural Address be 
 fore the N.Y. Academy of Medicine, 1848, Svo, pp. 23. 
 13. Address before the N.Y. Acad. of Med. on the Election 
 of Prof. Mott, 1849, Svo, pp. 8. 14. Address before the 
 Typographical Society of N.Y. on Dr. Franklin, 1850, 
 Svo. 15. Before do. on the Publishers, Printers, and 
 Editors of N.Y. In International Mag., edited by Dr. 
 Griswold, 1851. 16. Old New York; or, Reminiscences 
 of the Past Sixty Years, N.Y., 1857, Svo; 2d ed., enlarged, 
 1858, 12mo. 
 
 "Dr. Francis writes as he might hare told' the story in suc 
 cessive sittings, bound by no prearranged order, but letting each 
 name or topic suggest that which succeeds. The style is collo 
 quial, by which we do not mean slipshod, but unartincial, the 
 style in which one may talk who adds to the fluent speech that is 
 the gift and grace of nature the culture of a scholar and a gentle 
 man." A. P. PEABODY, D.D. : N. Amer. Rev., July, 1858. 
 
 Also reviewed in Lon. Athen., July 10, 1858, No. 1602. 
 17. Numerous biographical articles in divers works, 
 medical papers in different journals, <fcc. 18. The Ame 
 rican Medical and Philosophical Register, 1811, '12, '13, 
 '14, Svo : edited by David Hosack, M.D., and Prof. John 
 W. Francis, M.D. 19. The N.Y. Medical and Physical 
 Journal, 1822, '23, '24, Svo : edited by John W. Francis, 
 M.D., John B. Beck, M.D., Jacob Dyckman, M.D. 
 
 " For forty years he has been engaged in the most active exer 
 cise of professional duties in his native city. But amid the inces 
 sant avocations of a large practice, Dr. Francis has found time to 
 manifest his interest in, and genius for, the liberal studies. In a 
 series of able discourses delivered before various literary and scien 
 tific bodies, he has illustrated the value and charms of horticul 
 ture, the fine arts, American biography, history, and science. He 
 is identified with the city of New York more prominently than any 
 individual in the same professional sphere. He is always consulted 
 in questions of local and personal interest, and his cooperation is 
 deemed essential on occasions of municipal festivity, literary and 
 scientific anniversaries, and charitable enterprises." Men o/ the 
 Tilne. N. York, 1852, 12mo. 
 
 'In his social character Dr. Francis represents an almost obsolete 
 class. He is emphatically a New Yorker in his feelings and asso 
 ciations. The frank hospitality of the early colonists is combined 
 around his fireside with the discursive intercourse of the savant 
 
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 and the patriotic sentiment of the citizen. In American history 
 and Biography he is an oracle, and has been an efficient member 
 of all the institutions originated to advance the interests of litera 
 ture and science in his native city. With enlarged benevolence, 
 a mind unwearied in inquiry, constant association with men and 
 books, and an ardent love of knowledge as well as friendship for 
 its promoters, Dr. Francis finds time, even amidst the unceasing 
 claims of an extensive practice, thus to identify his name with the 
 progress of the age and the literature of his country." National 
 Fbrtrait-Gatlery of Distinguished Americans, vol. iv., 1853, 8vo. 
 
 Francis, Philip. The Misdemeanours of a Traytor 
 and Treasurer discovered; an answer to C. Vaughan, 
 1644, 4to. 
 
 Francis, Philip, d. 1773, son of the Rector of St. 
 Mary's, Dublin, resided for many years and died in Eng 
 land. 1. A Poet, trans, of the books of Horace, first pub. 
 probably about 1743; 8th ed., 1778, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "The lyrical part of Horace never can be properly translated; 
 so much of the excellence is in the numbers and the expression. 
 Francis has done it the best: I'll take his, five out of six, against 
 them all." DR. SAMUEL JOHNSON. 
 
 2. Eugenia; a Trag., Lon., 1752, 8vo. 3. Constantino; a 
 Trag.,' 1753, 8vo. 
 
 "As a dramatic writer Dr. Francis was not very successful; 
 having written only two pieces, which were both coldly received." 
 Biog. Dramat. 
 
 4. Trans, of the Orations of Demosthenes, 1753-55, 2 
 yols. 4to. 
 
 " Applauded as a difficult work well executed and acceptable to 
 every friend of genius and literature; but its success was by nb 
 means correspondent to the wishes of the author or his friends." 
 
 Dr. Francis was at one time supposed to be the author 
 of the Letters of Junius : see JUNIUS. 
 
 See Chesterfield's Letters and Miscellanies; Boswell's 
 Johnson ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Francis, Sir Philip, 1740-1S18, son of the preced 
 ing, was a native of Dublin, and educated under the eye 
 of his father, and at St. Paul's School, London. After 
 visiting Portugal in 1760, in company with Lord Kinnoul 
 the British Envoy, and holding a clerkship in the War 
 Office, which he resigned in 1772, he went in 1774 to India, 
 where he became a member of the council of Bengal. 
 Brought into contact with that disgrace to the British 
 name that man of violence and blood Warren Hastings, 
 Francis opposed his measures, and a controversy ensued 
 which resulted in a duel, in which the latter was wounded. 
 He returned to England in 1781, was chosen M. P. for 
 Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, in 178-1, received the order of the 
 Bath in 1806, and died in 1818. He pub. a number of 
 political Speeches, Remarks on the defence of Warren 
 Hastings, Letters on the E. India Company, Reflections 
 on the Currency, <fcc., 1784-1814. These were but of tem 
 porary interest, and are now forgotten ; but the name o 
 Sir Philip Francis will always occupy a prominent place 
 among literary men, in consequence of the persuasion en 
 tertained by many that he was the author of the famous 
 LETTERS OP JUNIUS. But this is by no means a settlec 
 point, and we think that the claims put forward on behalf 
 of Sir Philip Francis are now less readily allowed than 
 they were some twelve or fifteen years past. We do not 
 however, by this remark intend to express any opinion of 
 our own upon the subject. We shall best discharge ou 
 duty by indicating to the reader the sources of information 
 upon this famous controversy. See JUNIUS. 
 
 Francis, Richard. Maxims of Equity, 1729, '39 
 
 '46. Amer. ed., by W. W. Hening, Richmond, 1823) 8vo 
 
 Francis, Sophia L. Novels, <fcc., 1803-09. 
 
 Francis, W. Farmer's Assist, in computing the 
 
 value of Land, 1808, 12rno; Franciscus a Sancta Clara 
 
 See DAVENPORT, CHRISTOPHER. 
 
 Franck, Richard. .1. Rabbi Mons; or a Philos 
 Treat, on the Origin of Things. Written in America, Lon. 
 1687, 8vo. 2. Northern Memoirs, <fec., with the Contem 
 plative and Practical Angler. Writ in 1658, 1694, 8vo 
 New ed., with Preface and Notes by Sir Walter Scott 
 1821, 8vo. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott humorously signs the preface as on 
 who is 
 
 "No fisher, 
 But a well-wisher 
 To the game." 
 
 " Franck's contests with the salmon are painted to the life, an 
 his directions to anglers in that noble branch of the art. which e? 
 ceeds all other uses of the angling-rod as much as fox-huntin 
 exceeds hare-hunting, are generally given with great judgment. 
 Editor. 
 
 See Retrosp. Rev., and Censura Literaria, 1823, 8vo 
 270-294, 1815; iv. 270-272. 
 
 Francklin. Two Discourses, Lon., 1683, 4to. 
 Francklin, Gracious. Answer to Freeman, 1 648, 4to 
 Francklin, R. Tractatus de Tonis in Lingua Grseca 
 
 FRA 
 
 ,on., 1630, '50, '73, 8vo; 1633, 12mo. Repub., with ad 
 its, by Richardson, 1717, 12mo. 
 
 Francklin, Thomas, D.D. An Epistle written from 
 ,ucifer unto the persecuting Popish Prelates, 1642, 4to. 
 Francklin, Thomas, 1721-1784, Greek Prof, at Cam- 
 ridge, 1730, preferred to the livings of Ware and of 
 Thundrich, 1757, and to that of Brasted in 1776. He pub., 
 eparately, trans, from Phalaris, Cicero, Sophocles, and 
 Lucian, 1749-81. Of this last author, an eminent autho- 
 ity remarks : 
 
 " There is a vein of ease and pleasantry in the works of Lucian 
 rbich I have always thought inimitable, nor do I know any au- 
 hor, ancient or modern, that in this respect can enter into com- 
 wtition with him." LORD LYTTELTON. 
 
 He also wrote some plays, serms., Ac. ; and 4 vols. of 
 his scrms. were pub. after his death, viz., in 1790. 
 
 " In his sermons, although they have not much pretension to 
 jriginnl genius, there is an order and perspicuity in the arrange 
 ment of the matter, with an elegance and propriety in the lan 
 guage, characteristically free from all affectation, which does great 
 lonour to the Doctor's abilities." Lon. Critical Rev. See Biog. 
 Drama t. 
 
 Francklin, Capt. Wm. 1. Observ. made on a Tour 
 from Bengal to Persia in 1786-87, Lon., 1790, 8vo. 
 
 " The most original and valuable portion of this work relates to 
 'ersia, especially the province of Parisian; it contains also much 
 nformation respecting Goa, Bombay, &c. M. Langles translated 
 t into French, and added a learned memoir on Persepolis." 
 Stevenson's Cat. of Voyages and Travels. 
 
 2. The Lives of Comarupa and Camalata; from the Per 
 sian, 1793, 8vo. 3. Hist, of the Reign of Shah-Aulum, 
 1798, 4to. 4. Plain of Troy, 1800, 4to. 5. Memoirs of 
 George Thomas, Calcut., 1803, 4to; Lon., 1805, 8vo. Con 
 tains some interesting particulars respecting the interior 
 of India. 6. Tracts on Ava, <fcc., 1810, 8vo. 
 
 Francklyn, Gilbert. Works on the Slave Trade and 
 on politics, 1789-95. 
 
 Francklyn, Rev. Thomas. Advice, Ac., 1756, 8vo. 
 
 Franco, R. Solomon. Truth springing out of the 
 Earth, 1668, 4to ; 1670, fol. Refers to Christ. 
 
 Frank, John. Serm., Lon., 1756, 8vo. 
 
 Frank, Joseph, Editor of The Office of Bailiff of a 
 Liberty. From the MS. of J. Ritson, 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Frank, Mark, 1613-1664, Archdeacon of St. Alban's, 
 1660; Master of Pembroke Hall, Camb., 1662; Rector of 
 Barley, 1663. 1. 51 Serms., Lon., 1672, fol. ; Oxf., 1849, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Epitome of Divinity, 1665. In verse. 
 
 Frank, Thomas. Letter, Lon., 1732, 8vo. 
 
 Frankland, Mrs. Leaves of Poesy, Lon., 1838, fp. 8vo. 
 
 Frankland, B. Outlines of Literary Culture, Lon., 
 1853, 12mo. 
 
 Frankland, Capt. Charles Colville. 1. Visits to 
 Courts of Russia and Sweden, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Travels 
 to and from Constantinople, 1829, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " His volumes teem with interest and instruction." Lon. Sun. 
 
 Frankland, Rev. Thomas, 1633-1690, a physician 
 and historian, was educated at and Fellow of Brasenose 
 Coll., Oxf. 1. The Honours of the Lords Spiritual asserted, 
 Lon., 1679, fol.; Anon., but ascribed to him. 2. Original 
 of Kingly and Eccles. Govt., 1681, 8vo. 3. The Annals of 
 K. James I. and King Charles I., 1681, fol. 
 
 " A faithful and impartial account of the great affairs of State, 
 Parliaments, &c., with many proclamations, addresses, and other 
 official documents." 
 
 Frankland, Sir Thomas, Bart. Cautions to Young 
 Sportsmen, Lon., 1800, 8vo. 
 
 Frankland, Wm. Speech rel. to Criminal Law, 
 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Franklin. See FRANCKLIN. 
 
 Franklin. Farewell to the World, with his Christian 
 Contrition in Prison before his Death : broad sheet. Frank 
 lin was executed in 1615 for poisoning Sir Thomas Over- 
 bury. 
 
 Franklin. Parables of our Lord illustrated by 12 
 engravings, fol. 
 
 'Worthy of all commendation." Lon. Art Journal. 
 
 Franklin, Andrew. Farces, Comedies, Ac., 1792- 
 1804. See Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Franklin, Benjamin, LL.D., January 17th, 1706- 
 April 17th, 1790, one of the most distinguished of modern 
 philosophers, was a native of Boston, Massachusetts, where 
 his father, Josiah Franklin, an emigrant from England, 
 carried on the business of a tallow-chandler and soap 
 boiler. At the age of eight years, Benjamin, the youngest 
 but two of seventeen children, was sent to a grammar 
 school ; from which he was removed in less than a year to 
 be placed ynder the tuition of George Brownell, who con 
 ducted a seminary in which writing and arithmetic formed 
 the principal branches. His father designed him for the 
 ministry, but, needing his assistance at home, withdrew 
 
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 him from school when only ten years of age, and set the 
 future philosopher to work at "cutting wicks for the 
 candles, filling the moulds for cast candles, attending the 
 shop, going of errands," ike. 
 
 If we at first feel inclined to blame the father for so 
 soon depriving his son of the benefits of schooling, we must 
 remember that the good tallow-chandler was straitened in ' 
 circumstances, and had the expenditures of a large family j 
 to provide for from a business probably incapable of much j 
 profitable extension. 
 
 His occupation was extremely distasteful to him, and he j 
 felt a strong inclination to exchange it for the roving life 
 of a sailor, but paternal prudence prevented the consum- | 
 mation of this project His father allowed the youth to 
 abandon a trade for which he evinced so strong an aver 
 sion, and bound him apprentice to his brother James, who 
 had recently (in 1717) returned from London, and esta 
 blished a printing-office in Boston. Young Franklin soon 
 became an adept in his new business, and doubtless was j 
 stimulated by the nature of his duties to that love for 
 reading which remained with him through life. 
 
 Among his favourite works were The Pilgrim's Pro 
 gress, Plutarch's Lives, Burton's Historical Collections, 
 an odd volume of The Spectator, and Cotton Mather's 
 Essays to do Good. The perusal of this last work had so 
 great an effect upon his future life that we shall be excused 
 for quoting from a letter from Dr. Franklin, written after 
 he had attained great eminence, to a son of Cotton Mather : 
 " When I was a boy, I met a book entitled Essays to do Good, 
 which I think was written by your father. It had been so little 
 regarded by its former possessor that several leaves of it were torn 
 out, but the remainder gave me such a turn of thinking, as to 
 have an influence upon my conduct through life; for I have always 
 set a greater value on the character of a doer of good than any 
 other kind of reputation : and if I have been, as you seem to think, 
 a useful citizen, the public owes all the advantage of it to that 
 book." 
 
 We may remark, as a comment to the above, that the 
 first edit, of the Essays to do Good was pub. in 1710, 12mo. 
 In 1807, 12mo, it was repub. by the Rev. George Burder, 
 who detracted greatly from its value by making such altera 
 tions in the style as he thought would " render it more 
 agreeable to a modern reader," changing "many quaint 
 and obsolete words and phrases for others more intelligible 
 and pleasant." This is as intolerable as the modern ver 
 sions of Chaucer and Spenser. Carrying out this bright 
 idea, Mr. Burder favours us with no less than three hun 
 dred "improvements" on the first eighteen pages! But 
 we are happy to state that the Massachusetts S. School 
 Society have recently (Boston, 1845, 18mo) issued an exact 
 reprint of the original; the latter is now so scarce that a 
 copy was recently sold in Boston for six dollars. The new 
 edit, is pub. at a low price, and should be circulated by 
 thousands and tens of thousands through the land. If the 
 whole of the seed thus sown shall produce but one more 
 FRANKLIN, the expenditure will be richly repaid. 
 
 "But to return to the subject of our memoir. Among 
 young Franklin's first literary efforts were some specimens 
 of ballad poetry, which he printed, and sold himself in the 
 streets of Boston : 
 
 " One was called The Light-House Tragedy, and contained an ac 
 count of the shipwreck of Captain Worthilake with his two daugh 
 ters ; the other was a sailor's song, on the taking of the famous 
 Teach, or Blackbeard the pirate. They were wretched stuff, in 
 street-ballad style; and when they were printed, my brother sent 
 me about the town to sell them. The first sold prodigiously, the 
 event being recent, and having made a great noise. This success 
 flattered my vanity ; but my father discouraged me by criticising 
 my performances, and telling me verse-makers were generally beg 
 gars. Thus I escaped being a poet, and probably a very bad one." 
 Autobiography. 
 
 The autobiography from which we have quoted is, or 
 should be, familiar to all of our readers, and a repetition 
 will not be expected here. To this work, and to Dr. Jared 
 Sparks's continuation of his Life, we must refer the reader 
 for interesting particulars connected with the career of 
 this extraordinary man and his important contributions 
 to human knowledge. A rapid summary of the principal 
 incidents in his life is all that our space will allow. In 
 1723, disgusted with the continued severity of his brother's 
 treatment of him, he removed to Philadelphia, where 
 he obtained employment with a printer named Keimer, 
 and devoted himself to his business with great industry 
 and intelligence. Having made the acquaintance of Sir 
 William Keith, then Governor of Pennsylvania, he en 
 couraged him to establish a printing-office for himself. As 
 his father did not second this proposal, Sir William sent 
 him to London in 1724 to select the proper stock for a small 
 printing-establishment. Unable to accomplish the object 
 of his visit, he worked at hia trade in London for about 
 
 two years, and then returned to Philadelphia. It was whilst 
 still in London, in 1725, that he pub. A Dissertation on Li 
 berty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain. This essay in 
 troduced him to the acquaintance of Mandeville, the author 
 of The Fable of the Bees. It is not to be doubted that 
 intimacies with English freethinkers at this period, and 
 with French deists and atheists at a later stage of his life, 
 did much to engender those latitudinarian sentiments upon 
 religious subjects which Franklin is known to have enter 
 tained. The essay on Liberty and Necessity, &c. is not to 
 be found in any edition of Franklin's Works. When Dr. 
 Sparks, in 1840, pub. his edit., this essay was supposed to 
 be lost; but a copy has since been discovered in England. 
 See (London) Notes and Queries No. 114, Jan. 3, 1852; 
 Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. In 1727 he entered into 
 partnership with a person named Meredith, and two years 
 later wrote and published an anonymous pamphlet on the 
 Nature and Necessity of Paper Currency; which was the 
 cause of an issue of bills amounting to eighty thousand 
 pounds. In the same year he purchased from Keimer the 
 Pennsylvania Gazette, the 1st No. of which bears date Dec. 
 24, 1728. Franklin and Meredith's first issue was No. 40. 
 Through the columns of this journal, and by the agency 
 of the Junto a club established by him on his return 
 from London the enterprising printer now controlled 
 political influence to no contemptible extent. In 1730 
 he was married to his old acquaintance, Mrs. Rogers, for 
 merly Miss Read, who had been deserted by her husband; 
 and in the same year he founded the public library in 
 Philadelphia. In 1732 he first pub. Poor Richard's Alma 
 nac, which had a great run in several cases an annual 
 sale of 10,000 copies for 25 years. Franklin was now a 
 prominent member of the community, and in 1736 was 
 chosen Clerk of the Provincial Assembly; in 1737 he be 
 came deputy postmaster at Philadelphia; and in 1753 
 Postmaster-General for British America. In 1741 he pub. 
 The General Magazine and Historical Chronicle for all the 
 British Plantations in America; in 1742 he invented what 
 is still called The Franklin Stove; in the next year he 
 originated The American Philosophical Society; in 1749 
 he had the great satisfaction of establishing in Philadel 
 phia an institution of learning, which, in the maturity of 
 its age and fame, as the University of Pennsylvania, has 
 conferred honour of the most substantial kind upon the 
 country at large; in 1752 he was rejoiced at the demon 
 stration of the truth of his theory of the identity of light 
 ning with electricity; in 1754 he sat as a delegate in the 
 Congress of Commissioners of the Colonies convened at 
 Albany, in expectation of a rupture with France ; the value 
 of his suggestions in this assembly, respecting articles 
 of union between the colonies, is well known to the student 
 of early American history. Nor must we omit to mention, 
 among the services rendered by Franklin at this period, 
 the important aid which he rendered to Braddock at the 
 moment of extreme need. In 1756 we find Franklin com 
 manding in person on the frontier, and ready to endure 
 any hardships or perils which the nature of his duties 
 might impose. From 1757 to 1762 he spent in England, 
 as agent for Pennsylvania, (he was complimented by the 
 degree of Doctor of Laws, conferred by the Universities of 
 Edinburgh, Oxford, and St. Andrew's, and chosen Fellow 
 of the Royal Society,) and in 1764 again visited England, 
 with a petition for a change in the charter. Whilst in 
 Great Britain, he was not forgetful of the interests of the 
 colonies at large, and it was doubtless greatly owing to the 
 effect produced by his celebrated examination before the 
 Parliament in 1766 that the obnoxious Stamp Act was 
 repealed. 
 
 When the difficulties between Great Britain and her 
 colonies had been aggravated to a state of open hostility, 
 Franklin was elected a member of the American Congress, 
 and, after signing the Declaration of Independence, was 
 appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to France, where he 
 arrived in December, 1776. His success in enlisting the 
 sympathies and substantial assistance of the French peo 
 ple in behalf of the American colonies is well known. He 
 returned to Philadelphia, September 14, 1785, at which 
 period he had attained the advanced age of 80 years, and 
 was received with the enthusiastic acclamations of a grate 
 ful nation. From the original letter in the valuable col 
 lection of our -esteemed friend, George P. Putnam, of New 
 York, we copy the following testimonial to the patriotic 
 services of the individual to whom it is addressed: 
 
 " Mount Vernon, Sept. 25. 1785. 
 
 " DEAR SIR : Amid the public gratulation on your safe return to 
 America, after a long absence, and the many eminent services you 
 had rendered it for which as a benefitted person I feel the obli 
 gation permit an individual to join the public voice in expressing 
 
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 his sense of them; and to assure you, that as no one entertains 
 more respect for your character, so none can salute you with more 
 sincerity or with greater pleasure than I do on the occasion. 
 'I am dear sir, 
 
 " Your most obt. 
 
 " and most Hble.Servt., 
 
 " G. WASHINGTON. 
 "The Hon'ble DOCT. FRANKLIN." 
 
 He filled the dignified office of President of the Com 
 monwealth of Pennsylvania from 1785 to 1788, and in 
 1787 sat with Washington and Hamilton in the Federal 
 Convention which framed the Constitution of the United 
 States. His last public act was to sign his name, as Pre 
 sident of the Abolition Society, to a memorial to Congress, 
 and the last paper which he composed was on the same 
 subject. He died of a disease of the lungs, after a short 
 illness, on the 17th of April, 1790. 
 
 We have already referred to the religious opinions of 
 this eminent philosopher as "latitudinarian," and we know 
 not that we could have selected a better word. Nothing 
 can be fairer, in this connexion, than to quote his own 
 words', in a letter to Dr. Stiles, dated March 9, 1790, but a 
 few weeks before his death : 
 
 " As to Jesus of Nazareth, my opinion of whom you particularly 
 desire, I think the system of morals and his religion, as he left 
 them to us, the best the world ever saw, or is likely to see ; but I 
 apprehend it has received various corrupting changes ; and I have, 
 with most of the present dissenters in England, some doubts as to 
 his divinity." 
 
 " It may not be unnecessary to remark, that if we may credit 
 Dr. Priestley, Dr. Franklin was not correct in estimating the senti 
 ments of a majority of the dissenters in England." PRESIDENT 
 ALLEN. 
 
 When Thomas Paine proposed to publish his infamous 
 Age of Reason, Franklin wrote to him, 
 
 " I would advise you not to attempt unchaining the tiger, but 
 to burn this piece before it is seen by any other person. If men 
 are so wicked with religion, what would they be without it?" 
 
 A notice, however cursory, of the religious opinions of 
 Benjamin Franklin, would be hardly just if it omitted to 
 notice a memorable declaration made by him, on an august 
 occasion, of his profound belief in the overruling provi 
 dence of Almighty God. 
 
 His celebrated speech in the Convention for forming a 
 Constitution for the United States, when supporting his 
 motion for providing daily prayer in the Convention, was 
 in these words : 
 
 " In the beginning of the contest with Britain, when we were 
 tensible of danger, we had daily prayers in this room for the Divine 
 protection. Our prayers, sir, were heard, and they were graciously 
 answered. All of us who were engaged in the struggle must have 
 observed frequent instances of a superintending Providence in our 
 favour-. To that kind Providence we owe this happy opportunity 
 of consulting in peace on the means of establishing our future na 
 tional felicity. And have we now forgotten this powerful friend? 
 or do we imagine we no longer need His assistance? I have lived, 
 fir, along time, [81 years;] and the longer Hive the more convincing 
 proofs I see of this truth, that God governs in the affairs of man. 
 And if a sparrow cannot fall to the ground without His notice, is 
 it probable that an empire can rise without His aid? We have 
 been assured, sir, in the sacred writings, ' that except the Lord 
 build the house, they labour in vain that build it.' I firmly be 
 lieve this ; and I also believe that without His concurring aid, we 
 shall succeed in this political building no better than the builders 
 of Babel; we shall be divided by our little partial local interests; 
 our projects will be confounded; and we ourselves shall become a 
 reproach and a by-word down to future ages. And what is worse, 
 mankind may hereafter, from this unfortunate instance, despair 
 of establishing government by human wisdom, and leave it to 
 chance, war, or conquest. I therefore beg leave to move that 
 henceforth prayers, imploring the assistance of Heaven and its 
 blessing on our deliberations, be held in this assembly every 
 morning before we proceed to business ; and that one or more of 
 the clergy of this city be requested to officiate in that service." 
 
 His death was sincerely mourned both in Europe and 
 America. 
 
 " Mirabeau announced in the General Assembly of France that 
 'the genius which had freed America, and poured a flood of light 
 over Europe, had returned to the bosom of the Divinity.' ' Every 
 where,' to use the language of Rochefoucauld, ' he was the object 
 of the regrets, as he had been of the admiration, of the friends of 
 liberty.'" 
 
 Turgot celebrated his discoveries in electricity, and his 
 labours in behalf of freedom, in the striking line written 
 by him under Franklin's portrait: 
 
 ' ; Eripuit coelo fulmen, sceptrumque tyrannis." 
 The history of this celebrated line need not here be re 
 peated. 
 
 His Experiments and Observations on Electricity, made 
 at Philadelphia, [proving that lightning and electricity 
 are the same,] and communicated in several Letters to Mr, 
 P. Collinson of London, were pub. in that city in 1751, '53, 
 '54, 3 Pts. 4to. They were not originally designed for 
 publication, but Collinson thought them too importan 
 to be withheld. The public interest in these experiments 
 justified Collinson's anticipations. "Nothing," says Priest 
 
 ey, "was ever written on the subject more justly applauded. 
 All the world, even kings, flocked to see them, and retired 
 'ull of admiration." They were tested with eminent suc 
 cess by M. de Loz, in Paris, by M. Beccaria, in Turin, by 
 Kichmann, in Russia, and by philosophers in various coun 
 tries. Professor Richmann, as if to rebuke his temerity, 
 was struck dead, in the midst of his investigations, by the 
 formidable element which he had chosen for a plaything. 
 The 4th edit, of bis letters and papers on electricity, en- 
 .arged by essays on various philosophical subjects, appeared 
 in 1769, 4to. This edit., and the 5th, which was pub. five 
 years later, is supposed by Dr. Sparks to have received 
 some degree of attention From the author, who was then 
 in London. Translations of his writings were made into 
 Latin, French, Italian, and German, and' appeared in va 
 rious parts of Europe. In 1772 M. Dubourg made a new 
 collection of Franklin's writings, including so*me not be 
 fore printed, and pub. them at Paris, 2 vols. 4to. In 1779 
 another collection was pub. in London, consisting of Po 
 litical, Miscellaneous, and Philosophical Pieces. These, 
 few of which were in print before, were edited by Benja 
 min Vaughan, an intimate friend and correspondent of the 
 author. In 1787 a selection from the above edits, was pub. 
 in a thin 8vo. 
 
 In 1793 there appeared in London what is called The 
 Works of Dr. Franklin, in 2 vols. ; in 1798 a selection of 
 his pieces was pub. in Paris, 2 vols. 8vo; and in 1806 an 
 edition, superintended by a Mr. Marshall, was issued in Lon 
 don, in 3 vols. 8vo. In 1816-19 edits, were pub. in Eng 
 land and the United States, by William Temple Franklin, 
 grandson of the author, and Mr. William Duane of Phila 
 delphia, (also a descendant of Dr. Franklin,) first in 3 vols. 
 4to, (Lon.,) subsequently in 6 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1818; also 
 in 1833 ; Phila., 1818. The Phila. ed., in 6 vols. Svo, con 
 tains some papers and letters not to be found in the Lon. 
 ed. It has been reprinted in 2 vols. r. Svo. There is a Lon. 
 ed. of his Life and Writings, 1818, 2 vols. Svo. There has 
 been repub. at Paris, in 2 vols., a selection from Franklin's 
 writings in Spanish, translated from the French by Man- 
 gino. Further particulars respecting the eds. of Franklin's 
 writings will be found in the Preface to Sparks's ed., Bos 
 ton, 1836-40, to which we are indebted for many of the 
 facts now stated. New ed. of the same, thoroughly revised, 
 with additions and new illustrations, Phila., 1858, 10 vols. 
 Svo. This edition is the only complete one, and contains 
 about six hundred and fifty letters and miscellaneous 
 papers (more than one-third of the whole bulk of the new 
 ed.) not to be found in any other collection. Of these, 
 upwards of four hundred and sixty had never been 
 printed. The Familiar Letters of Franklin, pub. in 1833 
 by Dr. Sparks, are included in this ed., and magazines, 
 pamphlets, and newspapers have been industriously exa 
 mined, and no printed paper omitted which is known to 
 have been written by Franklin. The number of books, 
 papers, &c. excluding letters is no less than 304 ! 
 
 " In classifying these materials, the following arrangement has 
 been adopted : 
 
 "1. Autobiography. 
 
 "2. Essays on Religious and Moral Subjects and the Economy 
 of Life. 
 
 "3. Essays on General Politics, Commerce, and Polit. Economy. 
 
 " 4. Essays and Tracts, Historical and Political, before the Ame 
 rican Revolution. 
 
 " 5. Political Papers during and after the American Revolution. 
 
 " 6. Letters and Papers on Electricity. 
 
 " 7. Letters and Papers on Philosophical Subjects. 
 
 "8. Correspondence. 
 
 " Under each head all the articles have been placed in the order 
 in which they were written, with the date of each prefixed wher 
 ever this could be ascertained. The Correspondence is also printed 
 in chronological order from beginning to end, without regard to 
 the contents of the letters. This method was believed to be pre 
 ferable to any attempt at a classification, because in numerous in 
 stances a single lettjer treats of various subjects, both of a political 
 and of a private nature." Preface. 
 
 We need not dwell upon the great value of the learned 
 editor's notes and historical remarks, which illustrate the 
 text. Dr. Sparks has not forgotten the great importance 
 of a copious index to a work of this character to a good 
 work of any character. He gives us, indeed, no less than 
 five indexes, viz. : Index. I. A List of the Author's Writ 
 ings, chronologically arranged. II. Letters written by 
 Franklin to Individuals and Public Bodies. III. Letters 
 addressed to Franklin by Various Persons. IV. Miscel 
 laneous Letters. V. General Index. 
 
 Can any collector of American history do without such 
 a noble set of volumes as this ? 
 
 As regards minor publications, Franklin's autobio 
 graphy has been frequently pub. in America and England, 
 and we have edits, of his Life by Holley, Stanley, Weems, 
 
 631 
 
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 and Weld, and sundry compilations from his writings. 
 On this eminent philosopher and statesman of whom Lord 
 Brougham declares that " his genius ranks him with the 
 Galileos and the Newtons of the Old World," and of whom 
 Mirabeau does not scruple to assert, "Antiquity would 
 have raised altars to this mighty genius," it would be 
 easy to quote pages of panegyric : but our space allows 
 of but brief citation. At the conclusion of this article, 
 however, we shall refer the reader to other papers upon 
 the fertile themes of Franklin and his discoveries. 
 
 A singular felicity of induction guided all his researches, and 
 by very small means he established very grand truths. The style 
 and manner of his publication on electricity are almost as worthy 
 of admiration as the doctrine it contains. He has endeavoured to 
 remove nil mystery and obscurity from the subject. He has writ 
 ten equally for the uninitiated and for the philosopher; and he has 
 rendered his details amusing and perspicuous, elegant as well as 
 simple. Science appears in his language in a dress wonderfully 
 decorous, best adapted to display her native loveliness. He has 
 in no instance exhibited that false dignity by which philosophy is 
 kept aloof from common applications; and he has sought rather 
 to make her a useful inmate and servant in the common habita 
 tions of man, than to preserve her merely as an object of admira 
 tion in temples and palaces." SIB HUMPHRY DAVY. 
 
 "This self-taught American is the most rational, perhaps, of all 
 philosophers. He never loses sight of common sense in any of his 
 speculations ; and when his philosophy does not consist entirely 
 in its fair and vigorous application, it is always regulated and con 
 trolled by it in its application and result. No individual, perhaps, 
 ever possessed a juster understanding, or was so seldom obstructed 
 iu the use of it by indolence, enthusiasm, or authority. . . . The 
 distinguishing feature of his understanding was great soundness 
 and sagacity; combined with extraordinary quickness of penetra 
 tion. He possessed also a strong and lively imagination, which 
 gave his speculations, as well as his conduct, a singularly original 
 turn. The peculiar charm of his writings, and his great merit 
 also in action, consisted in the clearness with which he saw his 
 object, and the bold and steady pursuit of it, by the surest and 
 the shortest road. He never suffered himself, in conduct, to be 
 turned aside by the seductions of interest or vanity, or to be scared 
 by hesitation and fear, or to be misled by the arts of his adversa 
 ries. Neither did he, in discussion, ever go out of his way in 
 search of ornament, or stop short from dread of the consequences. 
 He never could be caught, in short, acting absurdly, or writing 
 nonsensically : at all times, and in every thing he undertook, the 
 vigour of an understanding at once original and practical was 
 distinctly perceivable. 
 
 "But it must not be supposed that his writings are devoid of 
 ornament or amusement. The latter especially abounds in almost 
 all he ever composed; only nothing is sacrificed to them. On the 
 contrary, they come most naturally into their places ; and they 
 uniformly help in the purpose in hand, of which neither writer nor 
 reader ever loses sight for an instant. Thus, his style has all the 
 vigour and even conciseness of Swift, without any of his harsh 
 ness. It is in no degree more flowery, yet both elegant and lively. 
 The wit, or rather humour, which prevails in his works, varies with 
 the subject. Sometimes he is bitter and sarcastic; often gay and 
 even droll; reminding us, in this respect, far more frequently of 
 Addison than of Swift, as might naturally be expected from his 
 admirable temper, or the happy turn of his investigation. . . . 
 Upon the whole, we look upon the life and writings of Dr. Franklin 
 as affording a striking illustration of the incalculable value of a 
 Bound and well-directed understanding, and of the comparative 
 nselessness of learning and laborious accomplishments. Without 
 the slightest pretensions to the character of a scholar or man of 
 science, he has extended the hounds of human knowledge on a 
 variety of subjects, which scholars and men of science had previ 
 ously investigated without success; and has only been found de 
 ficient in those studies which the learned have generally turned 
 from in disdain. We would not be understood to say any thing 
 In disparagement of scholarship and science; but the value of these 
 instruments is apt to be overrated by their possessors : and it is a 
 wholesome mortification to shew them that the work may be done 
 without them. We have long known that their employment does 
 not insure its success." LORD JEFFREY: Edin. Rev., viii. 327-344 
 xxviii. 275-302, q. v. 
 
 These last reflections of Lord Jeffrey hardly require a 
 serious answer. It were as wise to say that the American 
 Indian, whose native talent enables him to fashion his 
 canoe with a rude flint, could not make a better canoe, 
 and sooner despatch his work, with the steel axe and the 
 sharp tools used by his civilized neighbour. Had Franklin 
 been an educated man, doubtless he would have been 
 enabled to add larger contributions to the stock of human 
 knowledge than those which have immortalized his name. 
 
 See papers on Franklin, his Correspondence and his 
 Discoveries, in the N. Amer. Rev., vii. 289, by A. Norton ; 
 xxxvii. 249, by W. B. 0. Peabody ; lix. 446, by Francis 
 Bowen ; Meth. Quar. Rev., vii. 101, by Wm. H. Allen ; 
 Lon. Month. Rev., Ixxxiii. 18, 133, Ixxxviii. 409, cxxxii. 
 239 ; Amer. Month. Rev., iv. 124. The reader must also 
 peruse John Foster's Review of Dr. Franklin's Private 
 Correspondence, (contrib. to the Lon. Eclec. Rev., and re- 
 pub, in the collective ed. of his contribs. to that periodical,) 
 and Edward Everett's Boyhood and Youth of Franklin. 
 
 We are glad to observe an announcement of the intended 
 publication (N.Y., 1859) of Letters to Benjamin Franklin 
 from his Family and Friends : a collection of about eighty 
 
 riginal letters, 1751-90. These are in the possession of 
 franklin Bache, M.D., and are being carefully copied and 
 annotated by Mr. William Duane, (great-grandsons of Ben- 
 amin Franklin.) Edition, 250 copies, (Svo, about 250 
 >p. :) 10 copies on large paper, $10 each. 
 
 Franklin, Eleanor Ann, 1795-1825, a daughter of 
 Mr. Porden, architect, was married in 1823 to Sir John 
 Franklin, the unfortunate navigator. 1. The Veils; or, 
 The Triumph of Constancy ; a Poem, in six Books, Lon., 
 1815, Svo. 2. The Arctic Expedition; a Poem, 1818. 
 This poem, suggested by a visit to the Isabella and Alex 
 ander, discovery ships, led to an acquaintance with Sir 
 John Franklin, one of the adventurers, which resulted in 
 marriage. 3. Coeur de Lion ; an Epic Poem on the third 
 Crusade, 1824, 2 vols. Svo. Mrs. Franklin died six days 
 after the departure of her husband on his second expedi 
 tion. See FRANKLIN, SIR JOHN. 
 
 Franklin, J. Hist, of anc. and mod. Egypt, from the 
 most authentic records, Lon., 1800, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Franklin, James. A Philos. and Polit. Hist, of the 
 13 U. States of America, Lon., 1784, 12mo. 
 
 Franklin, James. Present State of Hayti, Lon., 
 1828, cr. Svo. 
 
 "The statements concerning the productions, commerce, re 
 sources, population, and government of Hayti. are minute and 
 particular, and were obtained Viy personal inquiry during a resi 
 dence in the West Indies." N. Amer. Rev. 
 
 Franklin, Sir John, an eminent navigator, b. 1786, 
 at Spilsby, Lincolnshire, entered the Royal Navy as a 
 midshipman in 1800, was present at the battle of Trafal 
 gar in 1806 and the battle of New Orleans in 1814, and 
 was selected in 1819 to head an expedition overland from 
 Hudson's Bay to the Arctic Ocean. After encountering 
 great hardships, and very frequently at the point of death 
 from hunger and fatigue, he reached home in October, 
 1822. In the next year he was married to Miss Porden. 
 See FRANKLIN, ELEANOR ANN. In 1825 he submitted to 
 Lord Bathurst "a plan for an expedition overland, to the 
 mouth of the Mackenzie river, and thence by sea, to the 
 N. West extremity of America, with the combined object 
 also, of surveying the coast between the Mackenzie and 
 Copper Mine rivers." 
 
 This proposition was accepted, and, to superintend the 
 expedition, he embarked at Liverpool, February 16, 1825, 
 after the " severe struggle of taking leave of his wife, 
 whose death, then hourly expected, took place six days 
 after his departure." 
 
 After encountering great hardships, the moving masses 
 of ice forced the heroic sailors to retrace their steps. Sep 
 tember 1, 1827, Captain Franklin arrived at Liverpool, 
 married a second time in November of the following year, 
 and in 1829 received the honour of knighthood. The per 
 severing zeal of Lady Franklin in stimulating the search 
 for Sir John, for ten years past, is well known to the 
 world. He was greatly disappointed at his unsuccessful 
 attempts to accomplish the object of his voyages ; remark 
 ing, with reference to his compulsory return in 1827 : 
 
 " It was with no ordinary pain that I could now bring myself 
 even to think of relinquishing the great object of my ambition, 
 [the discovery of a North West passage from the Atlantic to the 
 Pacific Ocean,! and of disappointing the flattering ho'pes which had 
 been reposed in my exertions. But I had higher duties to perform 
 than the gratification of my own feelings, and a mature considera 
 tion of all things forced me to the conclusion that we had reached 
 that point beyond which perseverance would be rashness and the 
 best efforts would be fruitless." 
 
 The Montreal Gazette of Sept. 11, 1822, remarks : 
 "It appears that the toils and sufferings of the expedition have 
 been of the most trying description, and that, if they do not ex 
 ceed belief, they were at least of such a nature as almost to over 
 come the stoutest heart, and deter all future attempts of a similar 
 tendency." 
 
 But this writer little knew the iron stuff of which Sir 
 John Franklin was made. 
 
 On the 26th of May, 1845, Sir John started upon a third 
 
 expedition, in two ships, the Erebus and Terror ; he was 
 
 heard from on the 26th of July of the same year, and 
 
 passed his first winter in a cove between Cape Riley and 
 
 Beechey Island. Since that period, many expeditions 
 
 I from England and America have been despatched in search 
 
 i of the adventurer, but it was not until November, 1854, 
 
 that news reached England which leaves little doubt that 
 
 i the whole party perished in the winter of 1850-51. See 
 
 London Gent, Mag., Nov. 1854, 479; Dec., 1854, 594-95. 
 
 Since the above was written, we have further intelligence, 
 
 by the return of Mr. James G. Stewart's expedition, de- 
 
 i spatched by the British Hudson's Bay Company, 18th 
 
 Nov., 1854; arrived at St. Paul, Minnesota, 10th Dec., 
 
 1855, which places beyond all doubt the loss of Sir John 
 
 Franklin and his party. Some of their shoes, cooking- 
 
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 utensils, Ac., were found among the Esquimaux, who de- i 
 dared that they had died of starvation. 
 
 By a curious coincidence, on the day that we are pen 
 ning this article, (Oct. 11, 1855,) the last expedition sent 
 specially in search of Dr. Kane and his party which sailed 
 from New York in June, 1855, has arrived at home. The 
 explorers bring with them Dr. Kane and all of his com 
 pany save three a carpenter, a cook, and a seaman, lost 
 by death. The remainder of the party are more or less 
 frost-bitten. Of the last expedition the steamer (pro- ; 
 peller) Arctic, Lieut. Simtns, and the barque Release, j 
 Lieut. Hartstene the Arctic (Lieut, Hartstene was on 
 board) made its way north to hit. 78 32', when it was 
 stopped by the ice. The Advance, Dr. Kane's vessel, had 
 been pushed as far north as possible, (see " Geographical \ 
 Results," below,) when she was frozen in, and of course 
 had to be abandoned. The ship's company were found by 
 the Arctic and Release on the island of Disco. They have 
 been absent from home since May 31, 1853, and are re 
 ceived with great rejoicings. They have made several 
 important discoveries, and added largely to our knowledge 
 of the inhospitable region the perils and discomforts of 
 which they have so bravely encountered. From a state 
 ment in the New York Tribune of Oct. 12, 1855, we extract 
 the following resume of the results of Dr. Kane's last voy 
 age. For an account of his former explorations, see his 
 work noticed at the end of this article. 
 
 " GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS. 
 
 "I. Greenland has been followed and charted by Dr. Kane to 
 ward the Atlantic with a coast-line pointing due north, until a 
 stupendous glacier absolutely checked their progress. This mass 
 of ice rose in a lofty precipice five hundred feet high, abutting into 
 the sea. It undoubtedly is the only barrier between Greenland 
 and the Atlantic. It is an effectual barrier to all future exploration. 
 "This glacier, in spite of the difficulty of falling bergs, was fol 
 lowed out to sea by means of sledges ; the party rafting themselves 
 across open-water spaces on masses of ice. In this way they suc 
 ceeded in travelling eighty miles along its base, and traced it into 
 a new northern land. This glacier is, we believe, the largest ever 
 discovered by any navigator. 
 
 "II. This new land thus cemented to Greenland by protruding 
 Ice was named Washington. The large bay which intervenes be 
 tween it and Greenland bears the name of Mr. Peabody of Balti 
 more, one of the projectors of the expedition. This icy connection of 
 the Old and New World seems to us a feature of romantic interest. 
 "III. The range of the sledge journeys may be understood from 
 the fact that the entire circuit of Smith Sound has been effected 
 and its shores completely charted. But the real discovery of the 
 expedition is the open Polar sea. The channel leading to these 
 waters was entirely free from ice; and this mysterious feature was 
 rendered the more remarkable by the existence of a belt of solid 
 ice extending one hundred and twenty-five miles to the south 
 ward. This sea verifies the views of Dr. Kane as expressed to the 
 Geographical Society before his departure. The lashings of the 
 surf against the frozen beach of ice was impressive beyond descrip 
 tion. Several gentlemen with whom we have conversed speak of 
 the matter as one of peculiar interest. An area of three thousand 
 square miles has been seen, entirely free from ice. This channel 
 has been named after the Hon. J. P. Kennedy, late Secretary of the 
 United States Navy, under whose auspices the expedition was un 
 dertaken. 
 
 "IV. The land to the north and west of this channel has been 
 charted as high as 82 30'. This is the nearest land to the Pole 
 yet known. It bears the name of Mr. Henry Grinnell, the founder 
 of the enterprise." 
 
 Perhaps so long an article on this subject, in a Literary 
 Dictionary, is rather out of place; but who can resist being 
 led away by such themes ? The reader who desires to 
 pursue this interesting topic must refer to the following 
 publications: 1. Capt. John Franklin's Narrative of a 
 Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea, 1819-22, with an 
 Appendix on various Subjects relating to Science and 
 Natural History, Lon., 1823, 4to, pp. 784; 34 Plates, and 
 four Maps, 4 4s. The Appendix on Natural History is 
 by Sir John Richardson, Sabine, Lieut. Hood, &c. The 
 Plates are beautifully engraved by Finden (some of them 
 coloured) after drawings by Lieuts. Hood and Back. A 
 second and third edit, were pub. in 1824, both in 2 vols. 
 8vo, without the plates. 
 
 Also an ed. in Phila., 8vo, same year. 
 "The unstudied and seaman-like simplicity of the style is not 
 the least of its merits; and the illustrations and embellishments, 
 from the drawings of the late unfortunate Mr. Hood and Mr. Back, 
 are of a very superior kind." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 " A work of intense and indeed painful interest, from the suffer 
 ings of those who performed this journey; of value to geography 
 by no means proportional to these sufferings; but instructive in 
 meteorology and natural history." Stevenson's Voy. and Travels. 
 2. Capt. John Franklin's Narrative of a Second Expedi 
 tion to the Shores of the Polar Sea, 1825-27; including 
 an Account of the Progress of a Detachment to the East 
 ward, by John Richardson, M.D., F.R.S., <fcc., Surgeon 
 and Naturalist to the Expedition. Illustrated by numerous 
 Maps and Plates, 1828, 4to, pp. 447, 4 4. The Second 
 
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 Expedition has not in England been pub. in Svo, but see 
 below. 
 
 "The views of Arctic Scenery with which this volume is both 
 illustrated and embellished are of extreme beauly. They supply, 
 in a great measure, the absence of picturesque description, and 
 delineate, with singular truth, the striking peculiarities which 
 distinguish the aspect of these regions from that of the temperate 
 climates."?- tft'n. RRV. 
 
 "It is difficult to do sufficient justice either to the skill and 
 intelligence displayed in its conduct, or the information to be de 
 rived from it." Amer. Quar. Rtv. 
 
 There is an edit. pub. in 1829, Lon., 4 vols. 18rao, of Sir 
 John Franklin's Two Journeys to the Shores of the Polar 
 Sea in 1819-27, with engravings by Finden, 1. An edit, 
 of the second expedition was pub. in Phila., 1828, Svo. 
 
 The reader must also peruse, 1. Mr. P. L. Simtnonds's 
 account of Sir John Franklin and the Arctic Regions, 
 1851, 12mo; 2d ed., 1852, 12mo; 3d ed., 1853, 12uio. 2. 
 Papers and Correspondence relative to the Arctic Expedi 
 tion under Sir John Franklin. Ordered by the House of 
 Commons to be printed, March 5, 1850-52, fol. 3. The Frank 
 lin Expedition, or Considerations on Measures for the Dis 
 covery and Relief of our Absent Adventurers in the Arctic 
 Regions ; with Maps, by the Rev. W. Scoresby, D.D., 1850. 
 4. Arctic Searching Expedition : a Journal of a Boat Voy 
 age through Rupert's Land and the Arctic Sea. in Search 
 of the Discovery Ships under Command of Sir John Frank 
 lin ; with an Appendix on the Physical Geography of 
 North America. By Sir John Richardson, M.D., F.R.S., 
 <fcc., Inspector of Hospitals and Fleets. Published by 
 Authority of the Admiralty. With a coloured Map, seve 
 ral Plates printed in Colours, and Woodcuts, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 'Valuable alike to the scientific student or the future wanderer 
 over these wild plains, and the lonely settler whom European en 
 terprise may locate among these far distant tribes. It is a book 
 to study rather than to read; and yet so attractive in its style, and 
 so instructive in its collation of facts, that many will be led to its 
 study as a work of science whilst merely engaged in its perusal as 
 a book of travels." Britannia. 
 
 5. A Lecture on Arctic Expeditions, delivered at the 
 London Institution, by C. R. Weld, Esq. Second edition, 
 Map, p. 8vo. 
 
 " An intelligent general view of the subject of Arctic Discovery 
 from early times, a rapid but well-informed sketch of its heroes 
 and its vicissitudes in modern days, a hopeful view of the chances 
 of Franklin's retun^ and an account of the circumstances of the 
 original expedition and of the voyages in search, which will be 
 read with considerable interest just now." Lon. Examiner. 
 
 6. Article entitled Attempts to find a North-West Pas 
 sage, in N. Amer. Rev., Ixix. 1 ; and the following articles 
 on Sir John Franklin and the Arctic Regions : 7. N. Amer. 
 Rev., Ixxi. 168. 8. N. York Eclec. Mag., xx. 60. 9, 10. 
 Boston Living Age, (from the London Examiner,) xxiv. 
 275 and 279. Search for Sir J. F. 11. Eraser's Mag., xliii. 
 198 ; same art, N. York Eclec. Mag., xxii.420. 12. Eraser's 
 Mag.,xliv. 502. 13. Boston Living Age, (from the Lon. 
 New Monthly Mag.,) xxxi. 291. Second Expedition of Sir 
 J. F. 14. Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxviii. 335. 15, 16. Lon. 
 Month. Rev., cii. 1, 156 ; cxvii. 1. 17. South Rev., iii. 261, 
 Track of Sir J. F. 18. N. York Eclec. Mag., xxii. 112. 
 Also, 19. Meares, J., Voyages made in 1788-89 from China 
 to the North-West Coast of America; with Observations 
 on the Existence of a North-West Passage, <fcc., maps and 
 plates, 1790, 4to. 
 
 To the above must be added, 20. Dr. Elisha Kent Kane's 
 Narrative of the Expedition in search of Sir John Frank 
 lin, N. York, 1854, Svo, the Voyages of Beechey, Parry and 
 Ross, Back's Arctic Expedition, Sabine's North Georgia 
 Gazette, 1821, 4to, and A Souvenir of the late Polar Search 
 by the Officers and Seamen of the Expedition, 1852, Svo. 
 Nor must the Historical Accounts and numerous essays of 
 Sir John Barrow upon this subject, be overlooked by the 
 reader. We are promised another work from Dr. Kane, 
 who, as mentioned above, has returned this day from a 
 fruitless search after Sir John Franklin. Upon the sub 
 ject of a North-West Passage, we append an interesting 
 paper from the New York Herald of Oct. 12, 1855. 
 
 "THE EFFORTS MADE TO DISCOVER A NORTH-WEST PASSAGE. 
 
 " The attempt to discover a north-west passage was made by a 
 Portuguese named Cortereal, about A. D. 1500. It was attempted 
 by the English in 1553; and the project was greatly encouraged 
 by Queen Elizabeth in 1585. in which year a company was asso 
 ciated in London, and was called the ' Fellowship for the Discovery 
 of the North-West Passage.' The following voyages with this de 
 sign were undertaken, under British and American navigators, in 
 the years respectively stated : 
 
 Sir Hugh Willoughby's expedition to find a north-west pas 
 sage to China sailed from the Thames May 20, 1553 
 
 Sir Martin Frobisher's attempt to find a north-west passage 
 
 to China 1576 
 
 Captain Davis's expedition to find a north-west passage 1585 
 
 Barentz's expedition 1594 
 
 Weymouth and Knight's 1602 
 
 633 
 
ERA 
 
 Hudson's voyages; the last undertaken I 610 
 
 Sir Thomas Buttan's 1612 
 
 Baffin's 1616 
 
 Foxe's expedition 1631 
 
 (A number of enterprises, undertaken by various countries, 
 followed.) V 
 
 Middleton's expedition.- 1742 
 
 Moore's and Smith's 1746 
 
 Fearne's laud expedition 1"69 
 
 Captain Phipps, afterwards Lord Mulgrave, his expedition.... 17(3 
 
 Captain Cook, in the Resolution and Discovery July, 1776 
 
 Mackenzie's expedition 1J89 
 
 Captain Duncan's voyage 1790 
 
 The Discovery. Captain Vancouver, returned from a voyage 
 of survey and discovery on the north-west coast of Ame- 
 
 rica ; Sept. 24, 1795 
 
 Lieut. Kotzebue's expedition Oct. 1815 
 
 Captain Buchan's and Lieut. Franklin's expedition in the 
 
 Dorothea and Trent 1818 
 
 Captain Ross and Lieut. Parry, in the Isabella and Alexander 1818 
 
 Lieuts. Parry and Liddon, in the Hecla and Griper May 4, 1819 
 
 They return to Leith Nov. 3, 1820 
 
 Capts. Parry and Lyon. in the Fury and Hecla May 8, 18'21 
 
 Capt. Parry's third expedition with the Hecla May 8, 1824 
 
 Capts. Franklin and Lyon, after having attempted a land ex 
 pedition, again sail from Liverpool Feb. 16, 1825 
 
 Capt. Parry, again in the Hecla, sails from Deptford...March 25, 1827 
 
 And returns Oct. 6, 1827 
 
 Captain Ross arrived at Hull, on his return from his Arctic 
 expedition, after an absence of four years, and when all 
 
 hope of his return had been nearly abandoned Oct. 18, 1833 
 
 Captain Back and his companions arrived at Liverpool from 
 their perilous Arctic land expedition, after having visited 
 the Great Fish River, and examined its course to the Polar 
 
 Seas Sept. 8, 1835 
 
 Captain Back sailed from Chatham in command of His Ma 
 jesty's ship Terror, on an exploring adventure to Wager 
 River. Captain Back, in the month of December, 1835, 
 was awarded, by the Geographical Society, the King's 
 annual premium for hi* polar discoveries and enter 
 prise June 21, 1836 
 
 Dea.se and Simpson traverse the intervening space between 
 the discoveries of Ross and Parry, and establish that there 
 
 is a north-west passage Oct. 1839 
 
 Sir John Franklin and Captain Crozier, in the Erebus and 
 
 Terror, leave England May 24, 1845 
 
 Captain Ross returned from an unsuccessful expedition in 
 
 search of Franklin 1849 
 
 Another expedition (one sent out by Lady Franklin) in search 
 of Sir John Franklin, consisting of two vessels, sailed from 
 
 England .April-May, 1850 
 
 Another, under Capt. McClure, who succeeded in effecting a 
 transit over ice from ocean to ocean; and another under 
 
 Sir Edward Belcher 1851 
 
 Another, consisting of two vessels, the Advance and Rescue, 
 liberally purchased for the purpose by Henry Grinnell, a 
 New York merchant, and manned at government cost from 
 the United States navy, under command of Lieut. De Ha- 
 
 Ten, sailed from New York May, 1850 
 
 The expedition of Dr. Kane, in the Advance May 31, 1853 
 
 The last expedition, consisting of the Release and Arctic, 
 
 under Lieut. Hartstene- June, 1855 
 
 And returns Oct. 11, 1855 
 
 " There may be some omissions in the above, but it will be found 
 generally correct." 
 
 Franklin, Richard. Discourse of Antichrist and 
 the Apocalypse, Lon., 1675, fol. 
 Franklin, Robert. Serm., Lon., 1683, 4to. 
 Franklin, Thomas. Defence of Lecturers, 1721. 
 Franklin, Thomas, D.D., Rector of Brasted, Kent. 
 Berms., 1748-74. 
 
 Franklin, Thomas, Rector of Langton Herring. 
 Serm., 1756, 8vo. 
 
 Franklin, Thomas, Vicar of Ware. Serms., 1763- 
 68, 4to. 
 
 Franklin, William. See FRANCKLIN. 
 Franklin, William Temple, d. at Paris, 1823, son 
 of William Franklin, the last royal Governor of New Jer 
 sey, and grandson of Dr. Benjamin Franklin, has already 
 been mentioned as editor of his grandfather's works. See 
 FRANKUN, BENJAMIN, LL.D. 
 Franklyn, Francis. Serm., 1724, 8vo. 
 Franks, James, of Halifax. 1. Serm., 1790, 8vo. 
 2. The Pious Mother, 1794, 12mo. 3. Memoirs of Pre 
 tended Prophets, 1795, 8vo. 
 Brit* Lit adapted to Curb P r P hetical extravagance." Lowndes's 
 4. Sacred Literature; or, Remarks upon the Book of Gene 
 sis, 1802, 8vo. Consists principally of extracts. The author 
 " Has contented himself with forming the arrangement, which 
 is clear and good, and in sterling short passages to serve for con 
 nexion and elucidation." Brit. Critic, O. S., xxi. 680 681 
 
 Franks, James Clarke. 1, 2. Hulsean Lectures: 
 for 1821, on the Evidences of Chris'y, Camb., 1821, 8vo 
 for 1823, on the Apostolical Preaching, Ac., 1823, 8vo. ' 
 
 " Many original remarks. Bicker stet/i's C. 8. 
 
 3. Christian Psalmody, 1834, 24mo. 
 
 Franks, John. 1. Animal Life and Apparent Death, 
 Lon., 1790, 8vo. 2. Typhus Contagion, 1799, 8vo. 
 634 
 
 ERA 
 
 Frankz, Thomas. 1. Tour through France, <fcc., 
 Lon., 1735, 8vo. 2. Eclipses, 1736, 8vo. 3. Silesia, 1741, Svo. 
 
 Fraser, Alexander, Lord Saltoun. 1. Arrangements 
 on Civil Polity; rel. to Husbandry, Mines, Fisheries, and 
 Manufactures in this Kingdom, Lon.,1786,8vo. 2. Thoughts 
 on disqualifications rel. to elections, 1788, 8vo. 
 
 Fraser, Alexander. 1. Speech of. H. Brougham, 
 1808, 8vo. 2. Account of the Festival of the Free-Masons, 
 en by the Earl of Moira, the Grand Master, previous to 
 iiis departure for India, 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Fraser, Alexander, minister of Kirkhill. 1. Key 
 :o Prophecies not yet accomplished, Edin., 1795, 8vo. 
 
 " This is a work of some merit. It contains rules for the arrange 
 ment of the unfulfilled prophecies observations on their dates 
 and a general view of the events foretold in them." Orme's Bibl. 
 Bib. 
 
 2. Comment, on Isaiah, 1800, 8vo. 
 
 " Much light is thrown on passages by the principle here adopted." 
 
 BlCKERSTETH. 
 
 It discovers much sound sense and scriptural knowledge, and 
 a talent for critical exposition, which it is to be regretted the au 
 thor did not exercise to a greater extent." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Fraser, D. Works of Ebenezer Erskine, with a Me 
 moir, Lon., 1826, 2 vols. Svo. The Life and Diary of Ers- 
 kine was pub. separately in 1831, 12mo. 
 
 Fraser, Henry, M.D. 1. Vaccine Inoculation, Lon., 
 
 1805, Svo. 2. Epilepsy and the use of Viscus Quercinus, 
 
 1806, Svo. 
 
 Fraser, Rev. James. Loch Ness; Phil. Trans., 1699. 
 
 Fraser, James, of Brea, b. 1639, minister of Culcross, 
 Scotland. 1. Saving Faith, Edin., 1722, 12mo. 2. Cor 
 rupt Ministers, 1744. 3. Memoirs of himself. Select 
 Biog., ii. 89. 
 
 Fraser, James. 1. Hist, of Nadir Shah, Lon., 1742, 
 Bvo. This is an interesting work, but we have a better 
 biography, pub. by Sir Win. Jones. 2. Cat. of MSS. in the 
 Persic, Arabic, and Sanscrit Languages, Lon., 1742, Svo. 
 
 Fraser, James, 1700-1769, a minister of the Church 
 of Scotland. The Scripture Doctrine of Sanctification, 
 Edin., 1774, 12mo. Several eds., Edin., 1813, 12mo. 
 Abridged, Lon., 1849, 18mo. 
 
 " This valuable work was edited by Dr. Erskine of Edinburgh, 
 who prefixed to it a short account of the author and his father. 
 It is one of the ablest expositions of this difficult portion of Scrip 
 ture we possess; and exposes, with great ability, the mistakes of 
 Grotius, Hammond, Locke, Whitby, Taylor, Alexander, and others. 
 The doctrinal views of the author will not be relished by those who 
 are violently opposed to Calvinism ; but the critical interpretation 
 on which they are founded it will be difficult to overthrow." 
 Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " An able defence of the doctrines of the Gospel." Bickersteth's 
 
 Fraser, James, D.D. Lectures on the Pastoral Cha 
 racter, newly edited by J. F., Lon., 1811, Svo. 
 
 Fraser, James. Pilgrimage to Craigmullar Castle; 
 with other Poems, Edin., 1817, 12mo. 
 
 Fraser, James. 1. Guide through Ireland, 4th ed., 
 Lon., 1854, p. Svo. 
 
 " As a work of typography, it possesses a high degree of excel 
 lence; and its statistics will be found available and most useful to 
 the traveller." Dublin E. Mail. 
 
 2. Guide to the County of Wicklow, Dubl., 1842, 12mo. 
 "We cannot speak too highly of this excellent little work; it is 
 
 decidedly the best guide to the picturesque beauties of the county 
 of Wicklow we have ever met with." Dublin Monitor. 
 
 3. Belfast and its Environs, Lon., 12mo. 4. Handbook 
 to the Lakes of Killarney, Dub., 1850, 12mo. 
 
 Fraser, James Bailie, after travelling for many 
 years, and delighting the world with his narrations of what 
 "he saw and was," returned to Scotland to settle on his 
 patrimonial estate of Reelig, Inverness-shire, "a quiet 
 highland glen." 1. Journal of a Tour through part of the 
 Snowy Range of the Himala Mountains, <fcc., 1820, 4to, r. 
 4to, and imp. 4to. Imp. 4to, with fol. vol. of 20 coloured 
 views in the Himala Mountains, pub. at 21. 
 
 " Notwithstanding Mr. Fraser's ignorance of natural history, in 
 a country quite new, and full of most interesting objects in this 
 science, and that he had no means of measuring heights or ascer 
 taining the temperature or pressure of the air; and notwithstand 
 ing a want of method, and a heaviness and prolixity in the style, 
 this book possesses great interest, for the scenes of nature and 
 pictures of manners which it exhibits." Stevenson's Voyages and 
 Travels. 
 
 2. Journey into Khorasan, 1821-22, 1825, 4to. 
 
 "Mr. Fraser, by his intelligence and enterprise, has made valu 
 able additions to our knowledge of Persia, and gained a right to 
 rank as the very first to whom we owe a distinct view of any con 
 siderable part of Persian Chorasin." Edin. Rev., No. 85; and see 
 Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 3. Travels and Adventures in the Persian Provinces on 
 the Southern Banks of the Caspian Sea, 1826, 4to. 4. The 
 Kuzzilbash ; a Tale of Khorasan, 1828, 3 vols. p. Svo. The 
 Turkish word Kuzzilbash signifies red-head, but the author 
 complains that some of the English public mistook his 
 
FRA 
 
 FRA 
 
 romantic tale for a cookery-book. He therefore wisely 
 pub. the continuation under the title of 5. The Persian 
 Adventurer, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " This work is replete with spirit, interest, and local information. 
 It is one of the most animated and entertaining of our recent 
 Anglo-Oriental romances." Lon. Court Journal. 
 
 6. The Khan's Tale, 1833, 12ino; 1850, 12mo. 7. Nar 
 rative of the Residence of the Persian Princes in London, 
 1835-36, 1838, 2 vols. cr. 8vo. 
 
 " From the subject, and from the author, we certainly anticipated 
 an entertaining publication ; but we had no idea that even the lat 
 ter, with all his Oriental acquirements and acknowledged talents, 
 could have made the former so very curious, as well as entertain 
 ing." Lon. Lit. Gaz. 
 
 8. A Winter Journey (Tatar) from Constantinople to 
 Tehran, with Travels through various Parts of Persia, 
 1838, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "Indeed, these volumes can hardly be surpassed in lively de 
 lineations, rapid but graphic sketches, and the excitement of tra 
 velling over strange ground, with a guide equally remarkable for 
 the extent of his good-humour and the depth of his information." 
 Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 9. Travels in Koordistan and Mesopotamia, 1840, 2 vols. 
 8vo. 
 
 " One of the most valuable books of travels which has emanated 
 from the press for a considerable time. All the regions visited are 
 curious and characteristic in their natural features and the man 
 ners of the people. We recommend the work to the reader as one 
 of the best accounts of the countries of which it treats." Lon. 
 Spectator. 
 
 10. The Highland Smugglers. 11. Alice Neemroo, 1842, 
 3 vols. r. 12mo. 12. Dark Falcon ; or, the Tale of the At- 
 truck, 1844, 4 vols. p. 8vo. 13. Hist, of Persia, Anc. and 
 Mod., (Edin. Cab. Lib., No. 15,) 1847, I2nio. 
 
 " This volume of the Edinburgh Cabinet Library will in no way 
 be found inferior to its predecessors ; the author has had the ad 
 vantage of having visited a great proportion of the tract which he 
 describes, and of thus being enabled to separate the truth from 
 error or falsehood in preceding accounts." Asiatic Journal. 
 
 14. Mesopotamia and Assyria, (Edin. Cab. Lib., No. 32,) 
 1847, 12mo. 
 
 Fraser, John. Theolog. treatises, Paris, 1604, '05. 
 
 Fraser, John. Second Sight, Edin., 1707, 12mo. 
 
 Fraser, John. American Grass, &c., Lon., 1789, fol. 
 
 Fraser, John, 1745-1819, minister at Auchtermuchty, 
 1768. Serins, and Essays, Edin., 1820, 12mo. 
 
 Fraser, Patrick. On Law as to relations, Scotland, 
 Edin., 1846, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Fraser, R. Scientific Wanderings, Lon., 1843, fp. 8vo. 
 
 "No reader, be he old or young, will rise from the perusal of 
 this handsome little volume without deriving from it both grati 
 fication and instruction." Edin. Advertiser. 
 
 Fraser, Robert. 1. Agricult. of Devon, Lon., 1793, 
 4to. 2. Agricult. and Mineral, of Wicklow, Dubl., 1801, 
 8vo. 
 
 " It is very sensibly written, and prospectively moderate." 
 Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 3. Gleanings in Ireland rel. to Agricult. Mines and Fishe 
 ries, Lon., 1802, 8vo. 4. Letter on Fisheries, 1803, 8vo. 
 5. Review of the Domestic Fisheries of G. Brit, and Ire 
 land, Edin., 1818, 4to. At the conclusion of his list of 
 works on Fisheries, Mr. McCulloch remarks : 
 
 "Sir T. C. Morgan has added an Historical Sketch of the British 
 and Irish Fisheries to the First Report of the Commissioners of In- 
 
 Suiry into the State of the Irish Fisheries, folio, Dublin, 1836. Sir 
 ohn Barrow has contributed a valuable article on the Fisheries to 
 the last edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. And there is an 
 article on the Herring Fishery in the Commercial Dictionary, &c. 
 But a good work on the history, state, and prospects of the latter 
 continues to be a desideratum." Lib. of Polit. Econ., 1845, 233. 
 
 Fraser, Robert W. 1. Moriah ; or, Sacred Rites of 
 Ancient Israel, Lon., 1849, 12mo; 1851, 12mo. 
 
 " The author has a graphic pen, a sober judgment, and a Chris 
 tian heart. These qualifications make his volume a very pleasant 
 one for readers who want varied pictures; an instructive one for 
 persons who have only the common knowledge of its subjects ; 
 and an edifying one for devout hearts." Lon. Eclectic Review. 
 
 " Full of well-digested information, and equally fitted to enlighten 
 and to edify." British Banner. 
 
 2. Leaves from the Tree of Life, 1851, 16mo. 3. Ele 
 ments of Physical Science, 1854, 12mo. 4. Turkey, An 
 cient and Modern, 1854, p. 8vo. 
 
 Fraser, Simon, Lord Lovat, 1667-1747, a native of 
 Beaufort, near Inverness, a warm adherent of Charles Ed 
 ward, the Pretender, and the hero of many remarkable 
 adventures, was executed for high treason, April 9, 1747, 
 at the advanced age of eighty years. See Memoirs of his 
 Life, Lon., 1746, 8vo. His Trial, 1747, fol. Memoirs of 
 his Life, written by himself in French, and now first trans, 
 from the original MS., 1797, 8vo. Life, in Chambers's Lives 
 of Illust. and Dist. Scotsmen, 1833, ii. 378. 
 
 Fraser, Simon. 1. Reports rel. to Elections H. Com., 
 Lon., 1791-93, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Burns's Eccles. Law, 6th 
 ed., 1797, 4 vols. 8vo. 3. Case of R. Sherson, 1815. 
 
 4. Trial of J. Watson and four others for High Treason, 
 1817, 8vo. 
 
 Fraser, Mrs. Susan. Comillo de Florian, and other 
 Poems, 1809, 8vo. 
 
 Fraser,Thomas. 1. Inoculation in Antigua, 1755, '56, 
 Lon., 1778, 8vo. 2. Olium Ricini; Med. Obs. and Inq., 1762. 
 
 Fraser, W. Travels in 1806 from Italy to England, 
 <fcc., from the Italian of the Marquis de Salvo, Lon., 1807, 
 12mo. 
 
 Fraser, W. W., Surgeon-Major. An Essay on the 
 Shoulder Joint Operation, 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Fraunce, Abraham, an English poet temp. Eliza 
 beth, was educated at St. John's Coll., Camb., at the ex 
 pense of Sir Philip Sidney ; he afterwards went to Gray's 
 Inn, and was subsequently called to the Bar of the Court 
 of the Marches in Wales. 1. The Lamentations of Amyn- 
 tus for the death of Phyllis ; in English Hexameters, 1587, 
 '88, 4to. 2. Lawier's Logike; exemplifying the Precepts 
 of Logike by the Practice of the Common Lawe, 1588, 4to. 
 After the dedication in rhyme to Henry, Earle of Pem 
 broke, occurs an address " To the learned Lawyers of Eng 
 land, especially the Gentlemen of Gray's Inne." The book 
 generally is in prose. The poetical part consists of Vir 
 gil's Eclogue of Alexis, trans, into hexameters, and exem 
 plifications to illustrate the rules of logic. 3. Insignium 
 Arrnorum Emblematum, &c., 1588, 4to. 4, 5. The Coun- 
 tesse of Pembroke's Yuychurch (pp. 94) and Emanuel, 
 (pp. 38,) 1591, 4to. All in English hexameters. The two 
 are priced in Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 45 ; resold by Saunders 
 in 1818, 13 2s. Qd. 6. The third part of the Yuychurch, 
 entitled Aminta's Dale, pp. 122, 1592, 4to. In English 
 hexameters. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 40. 7. Heliodorus'a 
 Ethiopics, (the beginning,) 1591, 8vo. 
 
 8. Arcadian Rhetorike; or, the Precepts of Rhetoricke 
 made plaine, by examples Greeke, Latyne, Englishe, 
 Italyan, Frenche, and Spanishe, 1588, 8vo. This is a 
 mixture of prose and verse. 
 
 "An affected and unmeaning title. . . . Valuable for its English 
 examples." Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet. 
 
 Fraunce is commended by George Peele as 
 
 " A peerless sweet translator of our time." Poem of the Order 
 of the Garter, sine anno, sed circa 1593, 4to. 
 
 " Fraunce shines particularly as an English hexametrist. His 
 Countess of Pembroke's Yvychurch and his translation of part of 
 Heliodorus, are written in melodious dactyls and spondees, to the 
 no small admiration of Sidney, Harvey, &c." 
 
 Harvey's Commendation in his Foure Letters and cer- 
 taine Sonnets classes him in good company : 
 
 "I cordially recommend to the dear louers of the Muses, and 
 namely to the professed sonnes of the same, Edmond Spencer, 
 Richard Stanihurst, Abraham Fraunce, Thomas AVatson, Samuell 
 Daniel, Thomas Nashe, and the rest, whom 1 affectionately thancke 
 for their studious endeuours commendably employed in enriching 
 and polishing their natiue tongue, &c." Lett, iii., p. 29, 1592, 4to. 
 Gabriel Harvey is so far from being ashamed of his 
 English hexameters, which have been violently attacked, 
 that he exclaims, in the same publication from which we 
 have just quoted, 
 
 " If I never deserve any better remembrance, let me be epitaphed 
 the Jnventour of the English hexameter! whome learned Mr. Stani 
 hurst imitated in his Virgin, and excellent Sir. P. Sidney disdained 
 not to follow in his Arcadia, and elsewhere." 
 Mr. Park, in quoting the above, adds : 
 
 " Ascham in 1564 had well observed that ' carmen hexametrum 
 doth rather trotte and hoble than runne smoothly in our English 
 tong.' Scholemaster, p. 60. Yet Stanihurst strangely professes in 
 his dedication to take upon him ' to execute some part of Maister 
 Aschams will, who had recommended carmen iambicum while he 
 dispraised carmen hexametrum.' " See Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet. 
 Some of our modern poets have revived English hexame 
 ter we beg pardon, not revived, but exhumed; as a 
 mummy is exhumed; all that makes life, wanting, and 
 even the form shrunken and uncomely. Where Southey 
 and Longfellow have failed, the fault must be in the ma 
 terial, not the artist. Mr. Longfellow himself gives a happy 
 illustration of the subject, when he says that "the mo 
 tions of the English Muse [in the hexameter] are not 
 unlike those of a prisoner dancing to the music of his 
 chains." 
 
 We give an opinion upon the subject, in which our 
 author is introduced, from an ancient authority ; the italics 
 are our own : 
 
 "Abraham Fraunce, a versifier in Queen Elizabeth's time, who, 
 imitating Latin measure in English verse, wrote his Iviechurch 
 and some other things, in Hexameter; some also in Hexameter 
 and Pentameter ; nor was he altogether singular in this -vay of 
 writing; for Sir Philip Sidney in the pastoral interludes of his 
 Arcadia, uses not only these, but all other sorts of Latin measure, 
 tn which no wonder he is followed by so few, since they neither become 
 the English, nor any other modern language." Phillips' s Theatrum 
 Poetarum Anglicanorum. 
 
 The Biog. Dramat. also is greatly disgusted at Fraunce's 
 choice of metre : 
 
FRA 
 
 "He has written several things in the awkwardest of all verse, 
 though at that time greatly in vogue, English hexameter." 
 
 Much of interest upon this subject may be found in the 
 Preface and Notes to Southey's Vision of Judgment, and 
 in the following papers upon English hexameters: 
 
 1. N. Ainer. Rev., Iv. 121, by Prof. C. C. Felton. 2. Ditto, 
 Ixvi. 215; review of Longfellow's Evangeline, by same 
 author. 3. Edin. Rev., xxxv. 422. 4. Blackw. Mag., Ix. 
 19, 327, 477. 5. Eraser's Mag., xxxvi. 665. 6. Ditto, 
 xxxix. 342. 7. Ditto, xlii. 62. 8. Boston Living Age, 
 xvi. 172. 9. N. Brit. Rev., May, 1853. The reader must 
 also procure a volume pub. by Mr. Murray of London, in 
 1847, Svo, entitled English Hexameters; from the German. 
 By Sir John Herschel, Dr. Whewell, Archdeacon Hare, Dr. 
 Hawtrey, and J. G. Lockhart. Also, Goethe's Herman and 
 Dorothea; a Tale of the French Revolution. Translated 
 into English Hexameters from the German Hexameters of 
 the Author; with an Introductory Essay on the Origin and 
 Nature of the Poem, 1849, 1 vol. fcp. Svo. 
 
 "Goethe's peculiarities may shine out more conspicuously in 
 some of his other works, but in none else are they so collected into 
 
 ft foCUS." W. VON HCMBOLDT. 
 
 " Goethe is held, by the unanimous voice of Europe, to have been 
 one of the greatest poets of our own or of any other time." 
 WHEWELL. 
 
 "Goethe, simple yet profound, united the depth of philosophical 
 thought to the simplicity of childish affection; and striking with 
 almost inspired felicity the chord of native affection, produced that 
 mingled flood of poetic meditation and individual observation which 
 has rendered his fame unbounded in the Fatherland." ALISON. 
 
 Frazer, Mrs. The Practice of Cookery, Pastry, 
 Pickling, Preserving, Ac., Edin., 1791, Svo. 
 
 Frazer, Alex. Judicial Proceedings before the High 
 Ct of Admiralty, Ac., Edin., 1814, Svo. 
 Frazer, Jaiues. Answer to R. Stewart, 1787, 4to. 
 Frazer, John, a native of Ohio. The American Form- 
 Book. New ed., Cin., 1855. 
 
 Frazer, S. Roads of Lorraine, 1729, Svo. 
 Frazer. See FRASER. 
 
 Freake, A. 1. Huraulus Lupulus for Gout, Ac., 2d ed., 
 1816, Svo. 2. Addit. Cases, 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Freake, Win. Secret Designs and Bloody Projects 
 
 of the Society of Jesuits, Lon., 1630, 4to. 
 
 Frederick, Charles. Idalia, Lon., 1768, fol. 
 
 Frederick, Sir Charles. Course of the Ermine 
 
 Street through Northamp., Ac., Archaeol., 1770. 
 
 Free, B. B. 1. Exercises in the Inns of Ct. prep, to 
 the Study of Law, Lon., 1784, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Exernpla 
 Erasmiania, 1805, 12mo. 3. New Spelling Dictionary, 1808 
 Free, John, D.D., Vicar of East Croker, Somerset 
 shire. Serins., Poems, Ac., 1739-86. 
 
 Free, John. Political Songster, Birm., 1784, '90, 12mo. 
 Freebairn, James. Life of Mary, Queen of Scots: 
 from the French of Bois-Guibbert, Edin., 1725, Svo. 
 
 Freedley, Edwin T., of Philadelphia. 1. Money 
 how to Get, Save, Spend, Give, Lend, and Bequeath it, Phila. 
 1852, 12mo ; several English eds. by different houses ; 5th 
 ed., 1853. Edited by John McGregor, Esq., M.P., 1853. 
 12mo. 
 
 " This book is American in origin and completely American it 
 character. No other country could have sent forth such a work, 
 BO plain-spoken, so honest, so judicious, so reasonable. ... Mr 
 Freedley's is a capital book, and, considered as a representation 01 
 the daily dealings of the Americans, it raises them very much in 
 our estimation. The work ought to be read by all traders, old and 
 young. The old may find in it ennobling and delightful remi 
 niscences; the young can only learn from it how to attain, in 
 obedience to the strictest principles of morality, excellence in th 
 conduct of business." Lon. Economist. 
 
 " We are glad to learn the fact of an entire edition being dis 
 posed of in one day." Lon. Time*. 
 
 2. Leading Pursuits and Leading Men, Phila., 1856, Svo 
 3. Philadelphia and its Manufactures, 1S58, 12mo, pp 
 490. A book of great value. 
 
 Freeke, Wm., b. 1663, an English Socinian, wrote 
 Dialogue on the Deity, and A Confutation of the Doctrine 
 of the Trinity, for which he was fined 500 and oblige< 
 to recant in Westminster Hall. His book was publicl, 
 burnt. 
 
 Frceland, W. H. Poems, Lon., 1848, p. 8vo. 
 "Its pages abound with evidences of graceful and tende 
 thought, scholarly accomplishment, and poetic fancy." Ch. Oj 
 Eng. Quar. Rev. 
 
 And see Westm. Rev. ; Oxf. Univ. Herald ; Bell's Life, A< 
 Freeman, Edward A. 1. Church Restoration, Lon 
 1846, Svo. 2. Hist of Architecture, 1849, Svo. 
 
 " It must be admitted that he has produced a treatise possessin 
 the merit of very systematic arrangement, and written in a fluen 
 and attractive style." Lon. ArchcefA. Jour. 
 
 3. Architect. Antiq. of Gower, 1850, Svo ; 2d ed., 185 
 
 Svo. 4. Window Tracery in Eng., 1850, Svo ; 2d ed., 185 
 
 Svo. 5. Architect, of Llandaff Cathedral, 1850, Svo. ( 
 
 636 
 
 FRE 
 
 oems, Legendary and Historical, by E. A. F. and G. W 
 ox, 1850, Svo; 2d ed., 1852, 8vo. 
 
 Freeman, Francis. Thcolog. treatises, 1647, '54, 4to. 
 
 Freeman, Francis. Serms., Lon., 1722. 
 
 Freeman, G., of the Inner Temple. Day; an Epistle 
 o C. Churchill, Lon., 1762. 
 
 Freeman, G. Sketches in Wales, or*a Diary of three 
 alking Excursions in that Principality in 1823-25, 1826, 
 vo. 
 
 Freeman, George. Exhortation from the sin of 
 )runkenness, Lon., 1663, 4to. 
 
 Freeman, Goodlove. The Downfall of the Bailiffs ; 
 r, a Lash for Burns, Lon., 1675, 4to. 
 
 Freeman, Harriet Augusta. Astraea's Return; 
 r, the Halcyon Days of France, in the year 2440. From 
 lie French of Mercier, 12tno. 
 
 Freeman, Ireiieus. The Reasonableness of Divine 
 lervice, Lon., 1661, 4to. 
 
 Freeman, J. J. 1. Tour in South Africa, Lon., 1851, 
 2mo. 
 
 " Every individual interested in the present state of affairs in 
 Outhern Africa should, without delay, possess this book." 
 
 2. J. J. F. and D. John's Narrative of Persecutions at 
 Madagascar, 1840, 12mo. 
 
 Freeman, James, 1759-1835, of Boston. Serms. 
 nd Charges, 1832, 12mo. Severely criticized in Robert 
 iouthey's Letter to the Lord Bishop of Limerick, March 6, 
 833. 
 
 Freeman, John. The Comforter, Lon., 1591, 1600, 
 6mo. 
 
 Freeman, John. Serm., Ac., 1812, '13. 
 
 Freeman, John D. Reports in Sup. Ct. of Chancery 
 State of Mississip., Cin., 1844, Svo. 
 
 Freeman, Joseph Elisha. 1. Faith Triumphant; 
 
 )r, the World Overcome, Lon. 2. Heaven Anticipated. 
 
 New ed., 1853, ISmo. 3. Heaven Unveiled, ISmo. 4. Hea- 
 
 en Entered, 1837, ISmo. 5. Israel's Return, or Palestine 
 
 Regained, 1840, 12mo. 
 
 " It gave me much pleasure to read Israel's Return. It accords, 
 n general, with my own published sentiments on this subject, 
 and it is written in a Christian and practical spirit." REV. E. 
 
 JlCKERSTETH. 
 
 " Has many valuable thoughts." Same, in Christian Student. 
 
 Freeman, Joshua. Lett, to the Clergy,Lon.,1722,8vo. 
 
 Freeman, Josiah Bumstead, b. 1826, at Boston. 
 Trans, and editor of Ricord's work on the V. Disease ; Con 
 tributor to the N. York Med. Times, Virginia Surg. and 
 Med. Jour., and other medical periodicals. 
 
 Freeman, Kennet. Repertorium Juridicum ; or, 
 an Index to all the Cases in the Year Books, Entries, Re 
 ports and Abridgts. in Law and Equity ; also an Alpha 
 bet. Table of the Titles referring to the Cases, 1742, fol. 
 New ed. of Pt. 1st., cont. also what has since been pub. 
 by T. E. Tomlins of the Inner Temple, 1786, '87, fol. 
 
 Freeman, Lyon. The Commonwealth's Catechism, 
 Lon., 1659, 12mo. 
 
 Freeman, R. The merits of the Craftsman consi 
 dered, Lon., 1734, Svo. 
 
 Freeman, Richard, Lord-Chancellor of Ireland, 
 temp. Queen Anne. 1. Reports K. B., C. P., 1670-1704, 
 Lon., 1742, fol. ; 2d ed., by Edward Smirke, 1826, Svo. 
 
 2. Cases in Ch. and Ex., 1660-1706, 1742, fol.; 2d ed., by 
 J. E. Hovenden, 1S23, Svo. Freeman's cases were for 
 merly neglected ; they are now more esteemed. 
 
 " Some of the cases in Freeman are very well reported." LORD 
 MANSFIELD. 
 
 " Freeman's notes are generally good." LORD LOUGHBOROUGH. 
 
 See Wallace's Reporters, 50; Marvin's Leg. Bibl. 323. 
 
 Freeman, S. Medical Works, 1776-89. 
 
 Freeman, S., M.D. Address rel. to the Universal 
 Medicine of the Ancient Magi, Lon., 1781, Svo. 
 
 Freeman, S. Brit. Plants, No. 1, 1797, fol. 
 
 Freeman, Samuel, D.D., Dean of Peterborough. 
 Serms. and Discourses, 1643-1700. 
 
 Freeman, Samuel, 1743-1831, of Portland. Maine ; 
 Judge of Probate. 1. Town Officer. New ed., Bost., 1808, 
 12mo. 2. The Massachusetts Justice; 2d ed., 1802, Svo. 
 
 3. Probate Directory, 1803, 12mo. 4. Amer. Clerk's Mag., 
 6th ed., 1805. 
 
 Freeman, Stephen. Serm., 1790, Svo. 
 
 Freeman, Stric. 1. Art of Horsemanship, 1806, 4to. 
 2. The Horse's Foot, 1796, 4to. New ed., 4to. 
 
 Freeman, Theop. To the Quakers, 1803. 
 
 Freeman, Thomas, a native of Gloucestershire, 
 entered Magdalen Coll., Oxf., 1607, aged about 16. Rub 
 and a Great Cast : and Runne and a Great Cast. The 
 Second Bowl. In 200 Epigrams. 
 
 " He was held in esteem by Sam. Daniel, Owen, the Epigram 
 matist, Dr. John Donn, Shakspeare, George Chapman, Tho. Hey- 
 
FRE 
 
 FRE 
 
 wood, the playmaker, and others. To some of whose judgments 
 he submitted his two books of epigrams." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 " Freeman's Epigrams are so extremely rare, that except a copy 
 in the late Mr. Brand's collection, [sold for 4 12s.,] and that in 
 the Bodleian. I know not where to refer for one. On this account 
 
 1 have ventured to give the following extracts." DR. BLISS : in 
 his ed. of Athen. Oxnn, q. v. 
 
 Freeman, W. Agst. Calvinism, 1765, 8vo. 
 
 Freeman, W. Fancy, or the Effusions of the Heart; 
 Poems, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Freeman, Wm. Agst. Col. Codrington, 1702, 4to. 
 
 Freeman, Wm. Serm., 1730, 4to. 
 
 Freeman, Wm. Of a Woman who had a Stone under 
 her Tongue; Phil. Trans., 1794. 
 
 Freemantle, W. R. 1. Serm., Godalming, 1838, 
 12mo. 2. Address to the Bishop of Lincoln, on the State 
 of the Eastern Churches. 
 
 Freer,Adam,M.D. Ring Worm; in Ann.of Med.,1800. 
 
 Freer, George, surgeon. Aneurism, Birm., 1807, 4to. 
 
 Freese, J. H. Commer. Class-Book, Lon., 1849, Svo. 
 
 "An admirable commercial instruction-book." Glasgoiv Citizen. 
 
 Freeston, J. H. Socinianism, Cov., 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Freher, Philip. Peace of the Church, 1646, 4to. 
 
 Freind, John, M.D., 1675-1728, a native of Croton, 
 Northamptonshire, educated at Christ Church, Oxford, 
 was a distinguished classical scholar, and concerned in the 
 publication of several Greek and Latin authors. His prin 
 cipal professional work is The History of Physic, from the 
 time of Galen to the beginning of the 16th century, Lon. 
 Pts. 1 and 2, 1725, '26, Svo; 1727, 2 vols. 8vo; 1758, 
 
 2 vols. 8vo. In Latin, by J. Wigan, 1734, 8vo. In 
 French, by Pomet, Leyd., 1727, 8vo. It was censured by 
 Sir Clifton Wintringham in an anonymous tract, Observa 
 tions on Dr. Freind's Hist, of Physic, 1726 ; and by John 
 Le Clerc in the Bibliotheque Ancienne et Moderne. Its 
 character, however, stands very high. A Defence of Dr. 
 Freind's Hist, of Physic was pub. 1727, '28, 8vo. A col 
 lective ed. of his Latin Works Opera Omnia Medica 
 was pub. by Dr. Wigan in 1733, fol.; Paris, 1735, 4to; 
 Leyd., 1734, and in 1750, 3 vols. 8vo. Wigan included in his 
 edit, of Freind's Works his trans, into Latin of Freind's 
 Hist, of Physic. Freind had a controversy with Dr. Wood 
 ward in consequence of his (Freind's) pub. of Hippocrates 
 de Morbis Popularibus, and on the subject of the fever in 
 the small-pox. We have already referred to Freind in 
 our articles on ALSOP, ANTHONY ; BENTLEY, RICHARD ; 
 BOYLE, CHARLES. 
 
 "His writings were admired, and the notions he advanced ap 
 plauded, by the greatest men in the profession throughout Europe, 
 such as Hoffman, in Germany ; Helvetius and Hecquet in France ; 
 and Boerhaave in Holland: which abundantly demonstrates his 
 abilities in his profession." Biography in Biog. Brit., g. v. ' 
 
 " As to Freind, I have known him long, and cannot be without 
 some partiality for him, since he was of Christ Church. He has 
 excellent parts, is a thorough scholar, and I am told is very able 
 in his profession." LORD BOLINGBROKE : Letters by Parke. 
 
 Freind, Robert, D.D., 1667-1751, of Westminster, 
 brother of the preceding, was also engaged in the famous 
 war about the Epistles of Phalaris. See BENTLE Y, RICHARD. 
 He wrote some Latin and English poetry, for which see 
 Nichols's Collection. He also pub. a serm. preached be 
 fore the House of Commons, 1711, 8vo, and Cicero's Orator, 
 1724. Freind was a celebrated writer of Latin epitaphs 
 
 See Memoirs of Freind in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. 
 
 Freind, Wm., D.D., Preb. of Westminster and Dean 
 of Canterbury, son of the preceding. Serm., Lorn, 1755, 
 4to. Concio ad Clerum, 1761, 4to. 
 
 Freize, James. Levellers Vindic., 1649. 4to. 
 
 Freke, Freak, or Freake, Edmund, Bishop of 
 Rochester. St. Augustine's Introduc. to the Loue of God, 
 Lon., 1574, '81, 8vo. See FLETCHER, ROBKRT. 
 
 Freke, John. 1. Electricity, Lon., 1746, Svo. 2. Fire, 
 1748, Svo. 3. Earthquakes, 1756, Svo. Med. con. to Phil. 
 Trans., 1740. 
 
 Freke, Thomas. Serms., 1704-16. 
 
 Freke, Wm. Select Essays, Lon., 1693, Svo. 
 
 Freligh, Martin, M.D. Homoeopathic Practice of 
 Medicine, N. York, 12mo. 
 
 Fremont, John Charles, the "Pathfinder of the 
 Rocky Mountains," b. in Savannah, Ga., 1813, has greatly 
 distinguished himself by his bravery, energy, and perse 
 verance in extensive explorations which " have opened to 
 America the gates of her Pacific empire." He was a can 
 didate for the Presidency of the United States in 1856 ; and, 
 though not elected, he received a large vote, (1,341,812.] 
 An interesting biographical notice of Col. Frgmont will be 
 found in the Men of the Time, N.Y., 1852, and one in the 
 Gallery of Illust. Americans, N.Y., fol. Also see Life by 
 J. Bigelow, ed. N.Y. Evening Post, N.Y., 1856, 12mo. 
 Life and Explorations, by C. W. Upham, Bost., 1856, 
 
 .2mo. Upwards of 50,000 copies of this work were sold as 
 oon as issued. Narrative of the Exploring Expedition to 
 he Rocky Mountains in 1842, and to Oregon and North 
 California in 1843-44; reprinted from the Official Report 
 ordered to be pub. by the U. States Senate, N.Y., 1846, 
 Svo. Exploring Expedition through the Rocky Moun- 
 ains, Oregon, and California, Buffalo and N.Y., 12mo. 
 See EMORY, W. H. Fremont's and Emory's Accounts 
 were pub. in London, 1849, fp. Svo. Will be pub., Phila., 
 L859, 2 vols. Svo, Col. J. C. Fremont's Explorations; 
 >repared by the Author, and embracing all his Expedi- 
 ions, superbly illustrated with steel plates and woodcuts, 
 engraved under the immediate superintendence of Col. 
 Fremont, mostly from daguerreotypes taken on the spot, 
 containing a new steel portrait of the author. 
 
 "The illustrations had the special attention of Hamilton, Barley, 
 Schuessele, Dallas, Keru, and Wallin, comprising masterpieces of 
 each of these distinguished artists, and were engraved in the 
 ghest style of the art, under the supervision of J. M. Butler. 
 "This work was prepared with great care by Col. J. C. Fremont, 
 and contains a rlsume of the first and second expeditions in the 
 years 1842, '43, and '44. and a detailed account of the third expedi 
 tion during the years 1845, ! 46, and '47, across the Rocky Moun 
 tains through Oregon into California, covering the conquest and 
 settlement of that country ; the fourth expedition, of 1848-49, up 
 the Kansas and Arkansas Rivers into the Rocky Mountains of 
 Mexico, down the Del Norte, through Sonora into California; the 
 fifth expedition, of 1853 and '54, across the Rocky Mountains at 
 the heads of the Arkansas and Colorado Rivers, through the Mor 
 mon settlements and the Great Basin into California, the whole 
 embracing a period of ten years passed among the wilds of America. 
 " The resumi of the first and second expeditions was prepared by 
 (Jeorge S. Hillard. Esq., whose acknowledged position as one of the 
 most, accomplished writers of America is a sure guarantee that it 
 is ably executed. 
 
 The scientific portion of the work is very complete, containing 
 able articles from Professor Torrey on Botany, Blake on Geology, 
 Cassin on Ornithology, Hubbard on Astronomy, &c., illustrated 
 and compiled from material furnished by the author. 
 
 "The greatest possible care was taken to insure the accuracy of 
 the maps, which fully illustrate all the above-named expeditions. 
 They were engraved under the superintendence of the well-known 
 hydrographers, Messrs. E. & G. W. Blunt, of New York." 
 
 Fremont, Philip Richard. 1. Defence of his in 
 tended publication on the knowledge of Human Bodies, 
 Lon, 1722, 4to. 2. Supplice a Sa Majeste Louis XV., 
 1754, fol. 
 
 French, Surgeon to the Infirmary of St. James's, 
 Westminster. The Nature of Cholera Investigated,Lon.,Svo. 
 " This is one of the best treatises on cholera which we have 
 lately read. His theory of the nature of cholera is ingenious, and 
 is argued with acuteness." Lon. Med. Times and Gaz. 
 
 French, Benjamin Franklin, b. at Richmond, Va., 
 June 8, 1799. One of the founders of the New Orleans 
 Fisk Free Library. 1. Biographia Americana, 8vo, N. Y., 
 1825. 2. Memoirs of Eminent Female Writers, 18mo, 
 Phila,, 1827. 3. Beauties of Byron, Scott, and Moore, 
 2 vols. 18mo, Phila., 1828. 4. Historical Collections of 
 Louisiana, 5 vols. Svo, N. Y., 1846-53. 
 
 " These volumes contain translations of Memoirs, Journals, and 
 valuable documents, relating to the early history of Louisiana; to 
 which have been added numerous Historical and Biographical 
 notes, giving a full account of the early explorations and settle 
 ment of that State." 
 
 Two additional vols., bringing the annals of Louisiana 
 down to the date of its cession to the United States, are 
 now (1858) nearly ready for publication. We may soon 
 expect from Mr. French two vols. of Historical Annals re 
 lating to the History of N. America, 1492-1850. 6. Hist, and 
 Progress of the Iron Trade of U. States, 1621-1857, Svo, 1858. 
 
 French, Daniel. The Henriadej>f Voltaire, 1807, Svo. 
 
 French, Daniel, Barrister-at-Law. 1. Protestant 
 Discussion between D. F. and the Rev. John Cumming, 
 D.D., held at Hammersmith in April and May, 1839. 2. 
 Hymnus dies irae, in linguam Grsecam conversus, 1842, Svo. 
 
 French, David, a son of Col. John French, of Dela 
 ware, was the author of six poetical translations from the 
 Greek and Latin, written between 1720-30, and inserted 
 in John Parke's Lyric Works of Horace, Ac., Phila., 1786, 
 8vo. See Fisher's Early Poets and Poetry of Pennsyl 
 vania; Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. i. 116, 305-308. 
 
 French, G. Advice rel. to the V. Disease, 1776, 12mo. 
 
 French, George. 1. Hist, of Col. Parke's Adminis 
 tration in the Leeward Islands, Lon., 1717, 8vo. 2. An 
 swer to A Lett, to G. French, 1719, Svo. 
 
 French, G. J. 1. Practical Remarks on Church Fur 
 niture, Lon., 1844, fp. Svo. 2. The Tippets of the Canons 
 Ecclesiastical, 1850, Svo. 
 
 French, George Russell. 1. Genealog. and Biog. 
 Hist, of Eng, Lon., p. Svo. 2. Ancestry of Victoria and 
 Albert, 1841, p. Svo. 3. Royal Descent of Nelson and 
 Wellington, 1S53, p. Svo. 
 
 French, James Bogle. Experiments on mixing 
 Oils, Ac.; Med. Obs. and Inq., 1765. 
 
FRE 
 
 French, John, M.D., 1616-1657, educated at New- 
 Inn-hall, Oxf., served as physician to the Parliamentary 
 forces. 1. Art of Distillation, Lon.. 1641, '51, 4to. For 
 merly much esteemed. Pub. with 2. The London Dis 
 tiller, 1653, '67, 4to. 3. The Yorkshire Spaw, 1652, '54, 
 12mo ; Halifax, 1760, 12mo. 
 
 " A learned and ingenious treatise." .Fp. Nicolson's Eng. Hist. 
 Lib., 22. 
 
 French, Jonathan, 1740-1809, minister of Andover, 
 Mass. Serms., 1777-1805. 
 
 French, Matthew. Answer to Boyse's Serm., 1709. 
 
 French, Nicholas, R. Catholic Bishop of Ferns. 
 1. The Vnkinde Desertor of loyall Men and true Friends, 
 Paris, 1676. Towneley, Pt. 1, 697, 31 10*. 
 
 " This satirical work throws great light upon the rebellion in 
 Ireland, and particularly on the conduct of Glamorgan and Or- 
 mond." Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 2. Bleeding Iphigenia, 1674, 8vo. 
 
 "This incendiary wrote the Bleeding Iphigenia; wherein he 
 avowedly justifies every step made in that trayterous enterprize, 
 [the Irish Rebellion of 1641."] Bp. Nicotian's Irish Hist. Lib., 21, 
 22. See BELING, RICHARD. 
 
 Unkinde Deserter of Loyall Men and True Friends, 
 Bleeding Iphigenia, Settlement and Sale of Ireland, Ac., 
 accurately reprinted, Lon., 1846, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 French, Rev. R. N. Verses, Lon., 1S08, 8vo. 
 
 French, Wm. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1782, '92. 
 
 French, Wm., D.D., d. 1849, in his 63d year, was 
 educated at Caius Coll., Camb. ; Master of Jesus Coll., 
 1820 ; Canon of Ely, 1832. 1. New Trans, of the Proverbs 
 of Solomon, with Notes by W. F. and George Skinner, 
 Lon., 1831, 8vo. By the same authors, 2. New Trans, of 
 the Book of Psalms, with Notes, Camb., 1830, 8vo. New 
 ed., Lon., 1842, 8vo. 
 
 " The Notes are particularly valuable for pointing out the poeti 
 cal beauties of the Psalms." 
 
 This trans, was attacked by a critic in the London Re 
 cord newspaper. See a Review in Brit. Grit., ix. 404. 
 
 Frend, H. T., and T. H. Ware. Precedents of 
 Conveyances, Ac., Lon., 1846, 8vo. 
 
 Frend, Wm., 1757-1841, in 1787 resigned the living 
 of Madingley, Cambridgeshire, in consequence of having 
 adopted Socinian views. He pub. a number of works on 
 theology, astronomy, political economy, Ac. His Evening 
 Amusements on the Beauty of the Heavens Displayed was 
 pub. annually from 1804-22. 
 
 Frende, Gabriel, practitioner in Astrology and 
 Physic, pub. Almanacks and Prognostications annually, 
 1592, Ac. 
 
 Freneau, Peter, d. 1813, long resident in Charleston, 
 South Carolina, was a brother of Philip Freneau. In 1795 he 
 became editor and proprietor of the (Charleston) City Ga 
 zette, and contributed to it many articles of great literary 
 merit. He was versed in the ancient and modern lan 
 guages, and possessed a wide range of general knowledge. 
 An interesting biographical account of Mr. Freneau, from 
 the pen of Dr. Joseph Johnson of Charleston, will be found 
 in Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. 
 
 Freneau, Philip, 1752-1832, a native of New York, 
 descended of a French Protestant family, entered Nassau 
 Hall, Princeton, New Jersey, in 1767, and graduated in 
 1771. Whilst residing in New York, in 1774 or 1775, he 
 commenced writing those poetical satires on the royalists 
 and their cause which have transmitted his name to pos 
 terity. In 1776 he visited the Danish West Indies, where 
 he wrote two of his principal poems, The House of Night, 
 and The Beauties of Santa Cruz. Two years later he was 
 at Bermuda. In 1779 he was engaged in editorial labours 
 in Philadelphia, having the superintendence of the United 
 States Magazine, pub. by Francis Bailey. He subsequently 
 became a sea-captain, and made many voyages between 
 1784 and 1789, and 1798 and 1809. In 1797 he com 
 menced the publication in New York of The Time Piece 
 and Literary Companion a short-lived periodical, and 
 displayed considerable ability in its literary management. 
 He was for some time Translating Clerk in the Department 
 of State under Thomas Jefferson, and editor of the Na 
 tional Gazette. The attacks upon General Washington's 
 administration which appeared in this paper are to be at 
 tributed to Jefferson and his clerk, if the latest assertions 
 of the latter are to be believed. After leading a wander 
 ing life, and engaging in many literary undertakings, he 
 perished in a snow-storm, in his 80th year, Dec. 18, 1832, 
 near Freehold, New Jersey. In 1786, Mr. Bailey pub. at 
 Philadelphia the first collection of Freneau's poems, in a 
 vol. of upwards of 400 pages. A second ed. appeared in 
 1795, and a third in 1809. A collection of his poems con 
 nected with the war of 1812, and other subjects, written 
 
 FRE 
 
 between 1797-1815, was pub. in New York in 2 vols. For 
 further particulars respecting this patriotic poet, we must 
 refer the reader to the source for which we are indebted 
 to the above facts Griswold's Poets and Poetry of Ame 
 rica, 16th ed., Phila., 1855, and to Duyckincks' Cyclo 
 paedia of American Literature, New York, 1856. The 
 Reminiscences of Freneau by Dr. John W. Francis, in the 
 valuable work last cited, possess peculiar interest. 
 
 " The productions of his pen animated his countrymen in the 
 darkest days of '76, and the effusions of his muse cheered the de 
 sponding soldier as he fought the battles of freedom." Monmouth 
 Inquirer, 1832. 
 
 Dr. Francis of N. York remarks, in relating his remi 
 niscences of Freneau : 
 
 "His story of many of his occasional poems was quite romantic. 
 I told him what I had heard Jeffrey, the Scotch reviewer, say of 
 his writings, that the time would arrive when his poetry, like that 
 of Hudibras, would command a commentator like Grey." From a 
 paper read before the. Hist. Soc'v of N. York, by Mr. E. A. Duyckinck. 
 
 Frere, B. Novels, plays, Ac., 1790-1813. 
 
 Frere, Charles. Practice of Committees in the H. 
 of Com. with respect to Private Bills, Ac., Westminster, 
 1846, 8vo. 
 
 Frere, James Hatley. 1. A Combined View of the 
 Prophecies of Daniel, Esclras, and St. John, Ac., Lon., 
 1815, 8vo. New ed., 1826, 8vo. 2. Eight Lett, on the 
 Proph. rel. to the last Times, 1834, 8vo. 3. Three Lett, 
 on the Proph., 1833, 8vo. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 959. 
 4. Doctrine of Confirmation, p. 8vo. 5. The Harvest of 
 the Earth, 1846, 12mo. 6. The Revolution the Expira 
 tion of the Times of the Gentiles, 1848, 8vo. 7. Notes on 
 the Interpretation of the Apocalypse, 1850, 8vo; 1852, 8vo. 
 
 Frere, Rt. Hon. John Hookham, of Roydon Hall, 
 Norfolk, 1769-1846, who filled several important diploma 
 tic posts the most memorable of which was his ministry 
 in Spain during the Peninsular War evinced early in life 
 the possession of great poetical abilities. His excellent 
 jeu-d'esprit entitled Prospectus and Specimen of an In 
 tended National Work, by Wm. and Robt. Whistlecraft, Ac., 
 intended to comprise the most interesting Particulars re 
 lating to King Arthur and his Round Table, doubtless 
 suggested to Lord Byron his disreputable poem of Don 
 Juan. The merit of the Whistlecraft poem is very great, 
 and the author could have placed his name among the 
 most distinguished poets of the age, if his ambition had 
 been equal to his genius. His translation of the Saxon 
 poem on the victory of Athelstan at Brunnenburgh, made 
 by him at a very early age, elicited the following enthusi 
 astic commendations from eminent authorities : 
 
 " A translation made by a school-boy in the eighteenth century 
 of this Saxon poem of the tenth century into the English of the 
 fourteenth century, is a double imitation, unmatched, perhaps, in 
 literary history, in which the writer gave an earnest of that faculty 
 of catching the peculiar genius and preserving the characteristic 
 manner of his original; which, though the specimens of it be too 
 few, places him alone among English translators." Sir James 
 Mackintosh's Hist, of Eng. 
 
 "I have only met, in my researches into these matters, with one 
 poem which, if it had been produced as ancient, could not have 
 been detected on internal evidence. It is the War Song upon the 
 victory at Brunnanburgh, translated from the Anglo-Saxon into 
 Anglo-Norman, by the Right Hon. John Hookham Frere. See 
 Ellis's Specimens of English Poetry, vol. i. p. 32. The accomplished 
 editor tells us, that this very singular poem was intended as an 
 imitation of the style and language of the fourteenth century, and 
 was written during the controversy occasioned by the poems attri 
 buted to Rowley. Mr. Ellis adds' The reader will probably hear 
 with some surprise that this singular instance of critical ingenuity 
 was the composition of an Eton schoolboy.' " SIR WALTER SCOTT : 
 Essay on Imitation of the Ancient Ballads, (written in 1830 ;) see 
 Poetical Works. 
 
 Some interesting particulars connected with Frere, who 
 was one of the founders of the London Quar. Rev. and a 
 contributor to the Etonian and the Anti-Jacobin, will be 
 found in Lockhart's Life of Sir Walter Scott, and in Lon. 
 Gent. Mag., March and April, 1846. Frere expressed a 
 warm admiration of Scott's Sir Tristrem, declaring it to be 
 
 "The most interesting work that has yet been published on the 
 subject of our earlier poets, and, indeed, such a piece of literary 
 antiquity as no one could have, d priori, supposed to exist," 
 
 This eulogy delighted Scott greatly, and he wrote to 
 Ellis, who had quoted Frere's opinion, 
 
 " Frere is so perfect a master of the ancient style of composition, 
 that I would rather have his suffrage than that of a whole synod 
 of your vulgar antiquaries." Ubi supra; and see Southey's Life 
 and Corresp.; and Miss Mitford's Recollec. of a Lit. Life. 
 
 Mr. Frere died at his residence in the Pieta Malta, where 
 he had lived for a number of years. 
 
 Frese, James. 1. England's Perspective Glass, Lon., 
 1646, 4to. 2. Com. Law of Eng., 1656, 4to. 
 
 Fresselicque, John. 1. Serm., Lon., 1793, 4to. 
 2. Serm., Gosp., 1794, 8vo. 
 
 Freston, A. 1. Poems, 1787, 8vo. 2. Elegy, Lon., 
 1787, 4to. 3. Discourse on the Laws, 1792, 4to. 4. Evi- 
 
FRE 
 
 dences for the Divinity of Christ, 1807, 8vo. 5. Serms., ' 
 1809, Svo. 
 
 Freval, John Baptist De. 1. Orationes qusedam in 
 TJniversitate Oxoniensi, habitae, Lon., 1743, 8vo. 2. Vin- 
 dic. of Dr. Frewer, 1743, 8vo. This is a vindication of the 
 Archbishop of York from the alleged misrepresentations 
 of Dr. Drake, in his Hist, of York. 
 
 Frewen, Accepted. La Spectacle de la Nature. 
 Trans, from Antoine Noel de Pleuch, Lon., 1739, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 FreAven, John. Two theolog. treatises, 1587, 1621. 
 
 Frewen, Thomas, M.D. Profess, works, 1749-80. 
 
 Frewin, Richard, and Win. Sims. Rates of Mer 
 chandise, 1782, 8vo. R. F. and N. Jickling; Digested 
 Abridgt. of the Laws of the Customs, Lon., 1819, 8vo. 
 
 Frey, Rev. Joseph Samuel C. F., d. 1850, at Pon- i 
 tiac, Michigan, in his 79th year, born of Jewish parents in 
 Germany, became a Christian when about 25 years of age, 
 came to the U. States in 1816, was for some time a Pres- , 
 byterian minister in New York, and subsequently became a 
 Baptist preacher. He laboured both in England and this j 
 country as a missionary of societies established for the con- ! 
 version of the Jews. 1. Narrative, Lon., 1809, '12, 12mo. i 
 2. Vanderhooght's Hebrew Bible, Pt. 1, 1811, 8vo. 3. Biblia j 
 Hebraica. 4. A Hebrew Gram, in the Eng. Lan., Lon., 1813, j 
 8vo. New ed., by George Downes, 1823, Svo; 10th ed., 
 1839, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Frey's mode of teaching the Hebrew is very masterly." 
 Lon. Month. Rev., N. S., Ivii. 55. 
 
 5. Hebrew Letter and Eng. Dictionary, Pts. 1 and 2, 1816, 
 Svo, 4 16s.; royal paper, 7 4.; 3d ed., 1842, Svo. 
 
 " A book of more promise than performance, and now entirely 
 superseded by the valuable Lexicon of Gesenius." Home's Bibl. 
 Bib. 
 
 11 The author, at least in regard to Hebrew learning, appears to 
 Lave continued a Jew. He is a devoted disciple of the Rabbins, 
 whom he seems to have considered the only authorities in Hebrew 
 literature. Little appears in his writings of any acquaintance with 
 the modern oriental scholars, either of the Continent or Great 
 Britain. As a large vocabulary, the book may be of some use to a 
 learner; but it has added nothing to our stock of Hebrew know 
 ledge as a dictionary." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 6. Joseph and Benjamin, 2 vols. 12mo. This, the most 
 popular of his works, is intended to illustrate the points 
 of difference between Jews and Christians. 7. Judah and 
 Israel; or, the Restoration of Christianity, 1837, 12mo. 
 8. Hebrew Reader, N. York. 9. Hebrew Student's Pocket 
 Companion. 10. Jewish Intelligencer, vol. i. 11. Pass 
 over. 12. Lectures on the Scripture Types, 1841, 2 vols. 
 12mo. See an account of Mr. F. in the N. Y. Internat. 
 Mag., i. 11. 
 
 Frick, Charles, M.D. Renal Affections; their Diag 
 nosis and Pathology, Lon., 1850, 12mo. 
 
 Frick, George, M.D. Diseases of the Eye, by Well- 
 bank, Lon., Svo. 
 
 Frick, Wm. The Laws of the Sea, with reference to 
 Maritime Correspondence; trans, from the German of 
 Frederick J. Jacobsen, (Altona, 1815,) Bait., 1818, Svo. 
 
 " Mr. Frick appears to be perfectly competent to his task, both in 
 learning and diligence; and, so far as he has permitted himself to 
 appear in the notes, he has acquitted himself in a manner very 
 creditable to his talents and his acquirements." JUDGE STORY: 
 JV. A. Rev., vii. 323-347. 
 
 "We know of no one work on general maritime jurisprudence, 
 in the whole bibliotheca legum, that we can more strongly recom 
 mend." Hoffman's Leg. Siu., 475 ; and see p. 471. 
 
 Fridegorde, flourished 956, a monk of Dover, wrote 
 in 956, in heroic verse, the Life of Wilfrid. The old biblio- 
 
 fraphers also ascribe to him, 1. The Life of St. Audoenus. 
 . A Treatise de muliere peccatrice in Evangelio. 3. Hie- 
 rusalem supra. 4. De Visione Beatorum. 5. Contempla- 
 tiones variae. The Life oY Wilfrid, which is extant, is a 
 metrical version of Eddius Stephanus. It will be found in 
 Mabillon, Acta Sanctorum, <fec., Saeculum III., pars prima, 
 fol., Lutecise, Paris, 1672, pp. 171-196. Ib. ; Ssec. IV., pars 
 prima, pp. 722-726. See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo- 
 Saxon Period. 
 
 Friend. See FREIND. 
 
 Frierson, Henry. Livesey's Victory, 1648, fol. 
 
 Frike, Joseph. 1. Guide to Harmony, Lon., 1793, 
 4to. 2. Treatise on Thorough Bass, 4to. 
 
 Fringo, P. Treatise on Phrensy, Lon., 1746, 8vo. 
 
 Frisbie, Levi, 1748-1806, minister of Ipswich, Mass., 
 graduated at Dartmouth College in 1771, laboured for some 
 time as a missionary among the Delaware Indians west of 
 the Ohio. Orations and Serms., 1783-1804. 
 
 Frisbie, Levi, 1784-1822, son of the preceding, gra 
 duated at Harvard University in 1798; appointed Latin 
 tutor in his college, 1805; Prof, of the Latin language, 
 1811 ; Prof, of Moral Philosophy, 1817. He was a contri 
 butor to The North American Review, The Christian Dis 
 ciple, and The Monthly Anthology ; and his writings are 
 
 FRO 
 
 thought to display talents of no ordinary character. Some 
 of his philosophical lectures, a number of his poems, and 
 papers first pub: in periodicals, and a memoir of his life, 
 were pub. in 1823, 8vo, by his friend, Prof. Andrews Norton. 
 
 Frith, or Fryth, John, burnt at Smithfield, July 4, 
 1533, was the son of an inn-keeper at Sevenoaks, in Kent. 
 He studied both at Oxford and Cambridge, and was early 
 distinguished for his proficiency in learning. His advocacy 
 of the doctrines of the Reformation caused him to be sent 
 to the Tower by Sir Thomas More, then Lord-Chancellor, 
 with whom he held a personal controversy, without any 
 change being effected in the opinions of either disputant. 
 Remaining firm to his convictions, it occurred to his oppo 
 nents that, if they could not out-argue him, they could burn 
 him, and this charitable settlement of the matter was not 
 delayed. He pub. A Disputacion of Purgatorye, and some 
 other theolog. treatises : see vol. viii. containing the writ 
 ings of Tyndale, Frith, and Barnes of the British Reform 
 ers, Lon. Tract Soc., 12 vols. 12mo ; vol. iii. of The Works of 
 the Eng. and Scot. Reformers, edited by Thomas Russell, 
 1828, 3 vols. Svo. These three vols., all that have been 
 pub. of this series, contain : Tyndale's Prologues to the 
 Books of Moses and Book of Jonas ; Parable of the Wicked 
 Mammon ; Obedience of a Christian Man ; Practice of Pre 
 lates: Answer to More's Dialogue; Exposition of chap, v., 
 vi., vii., of Matthew, and of the First Epistle of John ; Path 
 way to Scripture ; On the Sacraments ; Frith's Life and Mar 
 tyrdom; On Purgatory; Bulwark against Rastell; Judg 
 ment on Tracy's Testament; Letter from the Tower; a 
 Mirror; On Baptism; Christ and the Pope; Articles; the 
 Eucharist; Epistle. 
 
 His Life, and a selection from his Writing?, will be found 
 in vol. i. of The Fathers of the English Church, edited by 
 the Rev. Legh Richmond, 1807-12, 8 vols. Svo. We have 
 already referred to the collection of the works of Wm. 
 Tyndale, John Frith, and Robert Barnes, (see these names,) 
 by John Fox, the Martyrologist, 1573, fol. See Fox, JOHN. 
 
 Frith, Rev. W. C. Parish Registers, 1811, Svo. 
 
 Frizell, Rev. W. Expositor and Sunday Family In 
 structor, 1812, &c., Svo. This was a periodical. 
 
 Frobenius, Dr. Chem. con. to Phil. Trans., 1730. 
 
 Frobisher, Sir Martin, d. 1594, an enterprising 
 navigator and naval hero, was a native of Yorkshire. He 
 is generally named as the first Englishman who attempted 
 to find a North-West Passage to China; but Sir Hugh 
 Willoughby has also been thought entitled to the head of 
 the list. See BEST, GEORGE; FRANKLIN, SIR JOHN; SET 
 TLE, DIONYSE, in the present vol. Frobisher's three voy 
 ages, 1576, '77, '78, will be found in Pinkerton's Collection 
 of Voyages and Travels, vol. xii. ; a life of Frobisher in 
 the Biog. Brit., and some remarks on the errors in the 
 original map of his Voyages, will be found in Pennant's 
 Introduc. to Arctic Zoology. 
 
 Frokelewe, John De. Annales Edwardi II., Hen- 
 rici de Blaneforde Chronica. Et Edwardi II., Vita, <fcc., 
 Edit, a Thorn. Hearne, Oxf., 1729, Svo. 
 
 Frome, John Sibree. Serm., 1813. 
 
 Frome, Samuel Blake. 1. The Songs in the Opera 
 of Sketches from Life,Lon.,1809,8vo. 2. Poems,1813,12mo. 
 
 Fromento, John F. French Verbs, Lon., 1796, 4to. 
 
 Frommenius, Andrew. Synopsis Metaphysica, 
 Oxon., 1669, Svo. 
 
 Fromondus Libertus. Meteorologica,Lon.,1670,8vo. 
 
 Frost, B., of Glamsforth. Serm., 1741, Svo. 
 
 Frost, Charles. Witnesses in Civil Actions, 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Frost, Charles. Notices relative to the Early His 
 tory of the Town and Port of Hull, 1827, 4to. 
 
 " It will, we hope, be inferred from what we have said of Mr. 
 Frost's work, that we appreciate the labour and research which it 
 displays." Lon. Retrosp. Rev., JV. S., 1827, i. 194-204. 
 
 Those who are interested in Hull should read Frost's 
 book, and the review from which we have quoted. 
 
 Frost, J. Scientific Swimming, Lon., 1816, demy 8vo. 
 
 " If we had no other motive than that kind of anticipation of 
 possible utility, which the thoughtful will ever connect with the 
 art of swimming, we should incline to commend Mr. Frost's per 
 formance. But his precepts deserve attention for other causes 
 also. The plates are a considerable advantage to the work." Lon. 
 Literary Panorama, July, 1816. See also Critical Review of the 
 same month, and Monthly Review, May, 1817. 
 
 Frost, John, Fellow of St. John's Coll., Camb., sub 
 sequently pastor of the Church at St. Olave's, Hart St., 
 London. Select Serms., Camb., 1658, fol. Prefixed is a 
 portrait of the author by Vaughan. 
 
 Frost, John. Remarks on the Mustard-Tree men 
 tioned in the N. Test., Lon.. 1827, Svo. 
 
 Frost, John, b. in Kennebunk, Maine, in 1800, en 
 tered Bowdoin College, 1818; passed to Harvard College, 
 Cambridge, 1819; graduated at Harvard, 1822; appointed 
 
FRO 
 
 FRY 
 
 Head Master of Mayhew School, Boston, 1823. Removed 
 to Phila., 1828 ; conducted a private school for young 
 ladies till 1838, when he was appointed Professor of Belles- 
 Lettres in the Central High School, which situation he 
 resigned in 1845. Since then he has been engaged in 
 compiling books for popular use. He has published a 
 great number of works, chiefly school and juvenile books, 
 and historical and biographical compilations, intended for 
 distribution by subscription agents. The Pictorial History 
 of the United States, 3 vols. 8vo, seems to have been popu- 
 lar, as upwards of 50,000 copies have been sold. The Pic 
 torial History of the World, 3 vols. 8vo, has also had a wide 
 circulation. Among the numerous titles of Dr. Frost's books 
 are Lives of American Generals, and Lives of the Ame 
 rican Naval Commanders, Book of the Army, Book of 
 the Navy, and many others illustrating American History. 
 
 Frost, Quintiii. The Harper, and other Poems, Lon., 
 1806, 8vo. 
 
 Frost, Richard, d. 1778, aged 78, a Dissenting mi 
 nister of Great Yarmouth, Norfolk. Serins., 1729-52. 
 
 Frothingham, Nathaniel Langdon, D.D., b. 
 1793, at Boston, Mass., graduated at Harvard in 1811, was 
 at the age of nineteen appointed instructor in Rhetoric and 
 Oratory in the college, (the first incumbent of the office,) 
 and in 1815 became pastor of the First Congregational 
 Church in Boston. Dr. F. retained this post for the long 
 term of 35 years, resigning in 1850, in consequence of ill- 
 health. 1. Deism, or Christianity, in four discourses, 
 Boston, 1845. 2. Serins, in the order of a Twelvemonth, 
 1852, 8vo. 3. Metrical Pieces, translated and original, 
 1855, 16mo, highly commended. Dr. F. has also pub. 
 about fifty occasional serins, and addresses. His principal 
 poem is a version of The Phenomena or Appearances of 
 the Stars, from the Greek of Aratus. His translations from 
 the German have elicited warm commendations from those 
 best qualified to judge of them. 
 
 " A singular grace of expression and refinement pervades the 
 prose writings of Dr. Frothingham, and his poetry is also marked 
 by exquisite finish and tasteful elegance. His works are among 
 the best models of composition which contemporary New England 
 scholars will present to posterity." Griswold's Poets and Poetry 
 of America, 16th ed., 1855, q. v. 
 
 Frothingham, Richard, Jr. Hist, of the Siege of 
 Boston, and of the Battles of Lexington, Concord, and 
 Bunker Hill. Also an Account of the Bunker Hill Monu 
 ment, with Illustrative Documents. Embellished with 16 
 Maps and Engravings, Boston, 1849, 8vo ; 2d ed., 1851, 8vo. 
 
 "The accurate and judicious historian of Charlestpwn, Mr. 
 Richard Frothingham, Jr." Edward Everett's Orations and 
 Speeches, 3d ed., i. 183. 
 
 "In my judgment the Siege of Boston excels any that has ap 
 peared on insulated points of our history. It is the best of our 
 historic monographs that I have seen. Its author has been patient 
 in research, and very successful; has been most impartial; has 
 brought to excellent materials a sound and healthy judgment; 
 and, after finishing all this, his work is pervaded with a modesty 
 which lends a new charm to its merit." GEORGE BANCROFT, the 
 Historian of the United States. 
 
 Froude, James Anthony, Fellow of Exeter Coll., 
 Oxford. 1. Shadows of the Clouds, Lon., 1847, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Froude is no common writer : his style is vivid and em 
 phatic ; he touches some of the most secret springs of the heart's 
 passions ; he enchains our sympathies." John Bull. 
 
 2. The Nemesis of Faith ; 2d ed., 1849, p. 8vo : see re 
 views in Fraser's Mag., xxxix. 445 ; Bost. Chris. Exam., 
 (by S. Osgood,) xlvii. 93. 3. The Book of Job, 1854, p. 8vo. 
 4. Hist, of Eng.: vols. i., ii., 1856; 2ded., 1858; iii.,iv., 1858. 
 
 Froude, Richard Hurrell, 1803-1836, entered 
 Oriel Coll., Oxf., 1821; elected Fellow, 1826; Tutor, 1827- 
 30; ordained deacon, 1828; priest, 1829. Remains, 
 Lon., 1838-39, 4 vols. 8vo. The publication of these 
 vols.,which are of the Oxford Tract School, elicited a warm 
 controversy. 
 
 " The publication of Froude's Remains is likely to do more harm 
 
 than is capable of doing. The Oxford School has acted most 
 
 unwisely in giving its sanction to such a deplorable example of 
 oi is , ooo n zea1 -" ^OBERT SOUTHEY : Letter to Rev. John Miller, July 
 
 4i, looo, 
 
 " Mr. Froude, or rather his editors, appear to have fallen into 
 the error of supposing that his profession gave him not merely the 
 right to admonish, but the privilege to scold. ... A good and 
 able man, a ripe ^Jar, and * devout Christian.-SiR JAS. STE- 
 PHEX : tht lives of Whttfield and Froude, in Edin. Rev., 1838. 
 
 Frowde, Capt. Neville, of Cork. His Life, Extra 
 ordinary Adventures, Voyages, and Surprising Escapes, 
 Lon., 1708, 8vo. 
 
 Frowde, Philip, d. 1738, an English poet, was edu 
 cated at Oxford, where he formed a friendship with Joseph 
 Addison, who took pains to introduce him to those whose 
 good will would be likely to profit him, and pub. some of 
 his Latin poems in the Musae Anglicanoe. He wrote two 
 tragedies : 1. The Fall of Saguntum, 1727, 8vo; 2. Phi- 
 
 lotas ; both unsuccessful in representation, yet not without 
 i literary merit. 
 
 "Mr. Frowde's tragedies have more poetry than pathos, more 
 
 beauties of language to please in the closet, than strokes of inci- 
 
 ! dent and action to strike and astonish in the theatre; and conse- 
 
 | quently they might force a due applause from the reading, at the 
 
 same time that they might appear very heavy, and even insipid, 
 
 I in the representation." Bing. Dramat., q. v. 
 
 Froysell, Thomas, d. 1672. 1. Serm., 1651, 4to. 
 | 2. Serms., 1658, 8 vo. 3. Serm., Lon., 1658, 12mo. 4. Serins. 
 ! cone. Grace and Temptation ; with an Account of his Life 
 by R. Steel, 1678, 8vo. 
 
 " A divine of extraordinary worth, Moderation, Blameless Living, 
 and an excellent preacher, of Clun, Shropshire." Palmer's Non 
 conformists, vol. ii. 
 
 Fry, Alfred A. 1. Case of the Canadian Prisoners, 
 with an Introduc. on the Habeas Corpus, Lon., 1839, 8vo. 
 2. Genl. Highways Act, with Notes, 1843, 12mo. 3. Do., 
 with Surveyor's Guide, 12mo. 4. Stat. rel. to Parishes, 
 1844, ISmo. 
 
 Fry, Anne. The Voice of Truth ; or, Proofs of the 
 Divine Origin of Scripture, 1807, 12mo. 
 
 Fry, Caroline. Hist, of Eng. in Verse, 1802, 12mo. 
 Fry, Caroline. See WILSON. 
 
 Fry, D. P. 1. Local Taxes of the United Kingdom, 
 Lon., 1846, r. 8vo. 2. Poor Law Acts of 1851. Introduc. 
 Notes and Index, 1851, 12mo. 
 
 Fry, Edmund, M.D. 1. Spec, of Printing Types, 
 Lon., 1785, '98, 8vo. 2. Pantographia; copies of all the 
 known Alphabets, <fec., 1798, r. 8vo. 
 
 " The specimens of characters in this interesting and laborious 
 work are executed with great neatness." Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Fry, Mrs. Elizabeth, 1780-1845, one of the most 
 eminent of modern philanthropists, a sister of Joseph John 
 Gurney, equally well known for public and private use 
 fulness, was a native of Norwich, England. In 1800 she 
 was married to Mr. Fry, and became the mother of a large 
 family. For an account of her ' abundant labours" in 
 prisons and among the captives of ignorance, we must 
 refer to the Memoirs of her which have been given to the 
 world. Mrs. Fry pub. Observations on visiting Female 
 Prisoners, Texts for every Day in the Year; new ed., Lon., 
 1850, 64mo, &o. 1. Memoirs, Letters, and Journal, edited 
 by two of her daughters, 1847, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1848. 
 
 "We rise from its perusal with softened yet elevated thoughts. 
 It is worthy no mean praise to take its place upon our shelves 
 beside the more rugged but equally kind and catholic journal of 
 George Fox, the great founder of the society. . * . It is a book to 
 make a kind man's eye sparkle benignantly." Lon. Examiner. 
 
 " A woman of whom her country may justly be proud, and 
 whose name may well be enrolled among the benefactors of the 
 human race." British Critic. 
 
 2. Memoirs of, by Rev. T. Timpson, 1846, 12mo; 2d ed., 
 1847 ; 3d ed., 1853. 3. Life of, compiled from her Journal, 
 by Susannah Corder, 1853, 8vo. 
 
 Lady Holland gives us an interesting extract from a 
 sermon preached by her father, the late Rev. Sydney 
 Smith, after visiting' Newgate with Mrs. Fry: 
 
 "Indeed the subject of imprisonment occupied his mind so 
 much, that during a visit to town, having been much interested 
 by the account of Mrs. Fry's benevolent exertions in prison, he 
 requested permission to accompany her to Newgate; and I have 
 heard him say he never felt more deeply affected or impressed than 
 by the beautiful spectacle he there witnessed : it made him, he 
 said, weep like a child. In a sermon he preached shortly after, he 
 introduced the following passage: 
 
 " 'There is a spectacle which this town now exhibits, that I will 
 venture to call the most solemn, the most Christian, the most affect 
 ing, which any human being ever witnessed. To see that holy wo 
 man in the midst of the wretched prisoners, to see them all calling 
 earnestly upon God, soothed by her voice, animated by her look, 
 clinging to the hem of her garment; and worshipping her as the 
 only being who has ever loved them, or taught them, or noticed 
 them, or spoken to them of God ! This is the sight which breaks 
 down the pageant of the world; which tells us that the short hour 
 of life is passing away, and that we must prepare by some good 
 deeds to meet God; that it is time to give, to pray, to comfort; 
 to go, like this blessed woman, and do the work of our heavenly 
 Saviour, Jesus, among the guilty, among the broken-hearted, and 
 the sick, and to labour in the deepest and darkest wretchedness 
 of life.'" 
 
 Fry, H. P. 1. System of Penal Discipline, Lon., 8vo. 
 ! 2. Apostolic Succession, 1844, 8vo. 
 
 ' We regard this work as a great curiosity ; it is far the best trea 
 tise that has come under our notice, from the Tractarian school, on 
 I these very difficult subjects; full of learning and information of 
 the right kind." Church of Eng. Quar. Rev. 
 
 Fry, J. Reese, a journalist of Philadelphia. The 
 Life of General Zachary Taylor, by J. R. F. and Robert T. 
 Conrad, Phila., 12mo. 
 
 "On the whole, we are satisfied that this volume is the most cor- 
 ! rect and comprehensive life yet published." Hunt's Merchant'* 
 Mag. 
 
 Fry, James. Serm., Lon., 1789, 8vo. 
 Fry, John, M.P. 1. The Accuser Shamed, Lon., 1648. 
 2. The Clergy in their Colovrs; or, a brief character of 
 
FRY 
 
 FUL 
 
 them, 1650, 18mo. Both ordered to be burned by the 
 Sheriffs of London and Middlesex. 3. Divine Beams of 
 Glorious Light, 1651, 4to. 
 
 Fry, John. Marriage between near kindred, Lon., 
 1756, '73, 8vo. 
 
 Fry, John. Selec. from Thos. Carew's Poet. Works, 
 with a Life and Notes, Lon., 1810, 8vo. 2. The Legend 
 of Mary, Queen of Scots, and other Ancient Poems from 
 MSS. of the 16th Century, 1804, 4to and 8vo. 
 
 Fry, John, Rector of Desford, brother of Caroline Fry, 
 afterwards Mrs. Wilson. 1. Canticles, or Song of Solomon ; 
 a new Trans., Lon., 1811, 8vo; 2d ed., 1825. 
 
 " In this publication the author's plan is first to give an accurate 
 translation of the Song of Solomon, and to show the nature and 
 design of the book. He has availed himself of the labours of pre 
 vious translators, especially Bishop Percy and Dr. J. M. Good ; after 
 the latter of whom he considers the Song of Solomon as a collec 
 tion of idyls or little poems, which are designed for instruction and 
 edification in the mysteries of our holy religion. Though the 
 translator has taken much pains in consulting other writers, his 
 work bears ample testimony that he has not servilely followed 
 them, but has evidently thought for himself." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 2. The Sick Man's Friend, Leicester, 1814, 8vo. 3. Pre 
 sent for the Convalescent, 12ino. 4. Lect., Explan. and 
 Prac., on Romans, 1816, 8vo; 1825. 
 
 " Although the writer of these remarks can by no means agree 
 with Mr. F. in his doctrinal views, he cheerfully adds that it is 
 almost impossible to peruse a single lecture without being deeply 
 impressed with the important practical considerations which are 
 earnestly urged upon the reader's attention." HORNE. 
 
 " Devotional and practical." Bickersteth's Chriatiun Sttulent. 
 
 5. Lyra Davidis; or, a New Trans, and Expos, of the 
 Psalms, on the principles of Bishop Horsley, Lon., 1819, 
 8vo; 2ded., 1842. 
 
 " The love of system or hypothesis is carried to the utmost length. 
 Mr. Fry is a Hutchinsonian or Horsleyan, to the very core. The 
 Psalms are not translated, but travestied. The opinion or system 
 of the translator rather than a version of the Psalms, is constantly 
 obtruded on us. The utmost violence is often done to the mean 
 ing of words, to the construction of sentences, and to the design 
 of the inspired writer, in order to support a useless and ungrounded 
 hypothesis. The book contains learning, and is also orthodox : but 
 is on the whole an indifferent performance." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " It is subject to the same defects which characterize all those 
 interpreters of the Book of Psalms who expound them wholly of 
 the Messiah." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " On the plan of Bp. Horsley and Mr. Allix, but much farther 
 extended than Horsley, or perhaps than he justly maintained. . . . 
 I have found this work throw much light on the Psalms." BICK 
 ERSTETH. 
 
 6. The Second Advent, 1822, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " There is scarce a prophecy in the Old Testament concerning 
 Christ which doth not, in something or other, relate to his second 
 coming." SIR ISAAC NEWTON. 
 
 " Fry's work on the Second Advent is designed purposely to 
 bring the prophecies together on this subject, and to illustrate 
 them." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 "It is generally allowed to be an admirable work." Lowndes's 
 Brit. Lib. 
 
 7. A Short Hist, of the Christian Church, 1825, 8vo. An 
 excellent work, on the plan of Milner's History. 
 
 "In Fry's History we have in one volume a history of the church 
 at large; but we yet want, in a single volume, a history of the 
 church in our country to the present time." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 This want has since been supplied. See BAXTER, JOHN A. 
 
 8. A New Trans, and Expos, of the Book of Job, 1827, 8vo. 
 "Opposing the rationalists." Bickersteth's Christian Student. 
 
 9. Observ. on the Unfulfilled Prophecies of Scripture, 
 1838, 8vo. 
 
 " A most interesting volume." Presbyterian Rev. 
 
 " Many valuable thoughts in this work." Bickersteth's Christian 
 Student. 
 
 Fry, John. 1. Cat. of Valuable Old Books, including 
 several Specimens of Early Printing, Bristol, 1814. 2. Bib 
 liographical Memoranda; in Illustration of Early Eng. 
 Lit., 1816, sm. 4to. Only ninety-nine printed, at 3 13s. 6d. 
 Some very silly remarks occur on pages 85, 86. 
 
 Fry, Richard. Serms., Lon., 1795, '99, 8vo. 
 
 Fry, Samuel. Serms., Lon., 1745, '56, '59, 8vo. 
 
 Fry, Rev. Thomas. The Guardian of Public Credit; 
 a new System of Finance, Lon., 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Fry, Thomas, Rector of Emberton, Bucks. Funl. 
 Serm. on Mrs. J. S. Stevens, Camb., 1832, 8vo. 
 
 Fry, Wm. New Vocabulary of the most difficult 
 Words in the Eng. Lan., Lon., 1784, 12mo. 
 
 Fry, Wm. H. Complete Treat, on Artificial Fish- 
 Breeding, Lon., 1854, p. 8vo. We have here the substance 
 of four French and three English books, and trans, of 
 French reports on this interesting subject. 
 
 "The discovery of artificial fish-culture claims to show how, at 
 little care and little cost, barren or impoverished streams may be 
 etocked to an unlimited extent with the rarest and most valuable 
 breeds of fish, from eggs artificially procured, impregnated, and 
 hatched." Extract from Preface. 
 
 See copious extracts in Boston Living Aee, vol. xliv., 
 pp. 24-30. 
 
 Frye, C. B. Cutting for the Stone, Lon., 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Fryer, Henry, Surgeon. Con. to Med. Facts, 1797, 
 I860; to Trans. Med. and Chir., 1800. 
 
 Fryer, John, M.D. New Account of East India and 
 Persia; being nine years' travels, 1672-81, with cuts, 
 Lon., 1698, fol. 
 
 " Contains many curious particulars respecting the Natural His 
 tory and Medicine of these countries." Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Fryth, John. See FRITH. 
 
 Fulbeck, or Fulbecke, Wm., b. in Lincoln in 1560, 
 educated at St. Alban Hall, and Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf., 
 removed to Gray's Inn, and became learned in the law. 
 1. Christian Ethics, Lon., 1587, 8vo. 2. Factions, Ac. of 
 the Romans and Italians, 1600, '01, 4to. 3. A Direction or 
 Preparatiue to the Study of the Lawe, 1600-20, 8vo. By 
 T. H. Stirling, 1829, 8vo. 
 
 " Sir Tho. Kgerton, Lord Chancellor, publickly declared on the 
 bench, ' That he did never read any book of this subject that bet 
 ter pleased him for stile and method.' Hie auribus audivi, T [ho] 
 S [andersonj Line. Hosp., 1600." MS. Note : see Lowndes's Bibl. 
 Man. 
 
 4. A Parallele or Conference of the Civill Law, the Ca 
 non Law, and the Common Law of this Realme of Eng 
 land. Digested in sundry Dialogues, 1601-02, two parts, 
 sm. 4to. 
 
 " But this book lying dead on the bookseller's hands, he put a 
 new title to the first part, as if the whole had been reprinted at 
 London, 1618, but to the second not, leaving the old title bearing 
 date 1602." At/ten. Oxon. 
 
 5. The Pandects of the Law of Nations, 1602, sm. 4to. 
 6. Abridgt. of Roman Histories, 1608, 4to. 
 
 " A neglected but ingenious writer." H ARGRAVE, in citing No. 4. 
 
 Fulcher, G. W. 1. Poet. Miscell., Lon., 1842, '53, 
 32mo. 2. Village Paupers, and other Poems, 2d ed., 1846, 
 fp.JSvo. New ed., 1853. 
 
 " Had Goldsmith lived in those days, he would have written 
 The Village Paupers; it is Goldsmith Pvedivivus." Hood's Mag. 
 
 "There is no exaggeration, no striving at effect, in this quiet 
 poem, which is much in Crabbe's style; but the unaffected reality 
 of the thing renders it most heart-rending." Charlotte Elizabeth's 
 Christian Lady's Mag. 
 
 3. Farmer's Day-Book, 6th ed., 1854, 4to. 4. Ladies 
 Mem. Book and Poet. Miscell. for 1853, 1852, roan, tuck. 
 
 Fulco, Wm. See FULKE. 
 
 Fulford, Francis, D.D., formerly Rector of Trow- 
 bridge, Wilts ; Bishop of Montreal, 1850. 1. Plain Serms. 
 on the Ch. of Eng., Lon., 1837-40, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Pro 
 gress of the Reformation in Eng., 1841, 18mo. 
 
 Fulford, Wm. See FULWOOO, WM. 
 
 Fulham, John. Serm., 1749, 8vo. 
 
 Fulhame, Mrs. Essay on Combustion, Lon., 1794,8vo. 
 
 Fulke. See GREVILLE. 
 
 Fulke, Wm., D.D., d. 1589, an eminent Puritan di 
 vine, a native of London, educated at and Fellow (1564) 
 of St. John's Coll., Camb. ; Rector of Warley, Essex, 1571 ; 
 soon after Rector of Keddington, Suffolk. He was subse- 
 
 Siently Master of Pembroke Hall, and Margaret Prof, of 
 ivinity. 1. A Goodly Gallerye, Lon., 1563, 16mo. With 
 new title-page, 1571. Refers to meteors. 2. The Philo 
 sopher's Game. This is a treatise on Chess. Lowndes 
 ascribes these two works to another Wm. Fulke. 3. As- 
 trologorum ludus. Played after the manner of Chess, but 
 with seven pieces representing the seven planets. 4. Serms., 
 1571. 5. Prajlectiones in Apocalypsium, 1573, 4to. In Eng 
 lish by George Gyffard or Gyfford, 1573, 4to. 6. The Text 
 of the N. Test., translated out of the Vulgar Latin by the 
 Papists of the traitorous seminarie at Rheiins. Whereunto 
 is added the translation out of the original Greek, com 
 monly used in the Church of England; with a confutation 
 of all such arguments, glosses, and annotations as contain 
 manifest impietie, heresy, treason and slander against the 
 Catholic Church of God, and the true teachers thereof, or 
 the translations used in the Church of England, 1580, 
 '89, 1601, fol. And in 1617 and 1633, fol., with a defence 
 of the English trans, of the Scriptures, against Gregorie 
 Martin* This last piece was repub. by the Parker Society, 
 ediUff by the Rev. C. H. Hartshorne, Camb., 1843, 8vo ; 
 and the same society repub. Martiall's Reply, edited by 
 the Rev. Richard Gibbings, 1848, 8vo. 
 
 Fulke's Text of the N. Test., <fcc. is an invaluable as 
 sistant to the Protestant divine: 
 
 " This work may be said to iinbody the whole popish controversy 
 respecting the Scriptures. And as it gives in parallel columns 
 the Khernish translation of the Vulgate, and the Bishops' Transla 
 tion, it enables the reader to make an easy comparison of their 
 respective merits. At the end of the volume is an elaborate de 
 fence of the English translations of the Scriptures against Gregory 
 Martin, which contains much curious and learned information. 
 Fulke was a very able man, and his work is entitled to a place in 
 every critical library. Mr. [Charles] Butler, though a Catholic, 
 very candidly recommends it as very curious and deserving of at 
 tention." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Ml 
 
FUL 
 
 We may add that the learned Mr. Butler was dissatisfied 
 with the " Douay Bible." He remarks : 
 
 "Still the version is imperfect; a more correct version is, per 
 haps, at present, the greatest spiritual want of the English 
 
 "That late elegant scholar and pious divine, the Rev. James 
 Hervey, (though sometimes rather too candid and indiscriminate 
 
 sound divinity, weighty arguments, and important observations 
 adding,' would the young student be taught to discover the very 
 sinews of popery, and be enabled to give an effectual blow to that 
 complication of errors, I scarce know a treatise better calculated 
 for the purpose.' "Hornt.'s Bibl. Bib. 
 
 See Home's Introduction for an account of the contro 
 versy connected with this version. 
 
 " A very complete reply to the Romanists' notes." Bickersteth's 
 Chris. Stu. 
 
 Thomas Cartwright, q. v., also wrote a Confutation of 
 the Ehemish Translation, <fcc., 1618, fol. Fulke wrote 
 several other works, principally against the Church of 
 Borne. 
 
 Fill lager, John. 1. Religion. 2. Doctrine, Ac., 1801, 
 12mo. 
 
 Fullarton, Col. 1. Agricult. of Ayr, Edin., 1793, 4to. 
 " One of the best of the Scotch surveys." Donaldson's AgricuU. 
 Biog. 
 
 2. Lett, on Torture, 1806, 4to. 
 
 Fullarton, John. The Turtle-Dove, <fec. By a Lover 
 of the Celestiall Muses, Edin., 1664, sm. 8vo. 
 
 " Chiefly composed in verse, but of no very elevated character." 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 Marked in a bookseller's cat., about 1834, 5 5. 
 Fullarton, John. On the Regulation of Currencies, 
 Lon., 1844, 8vo ; 2d ed., 1845. 
 
 " The volume is one of great merit, and ought to be in the hands 
 of all who interest themselves in the subject. It is one of the 
 ablest which the discussions of Sir Robert Peel's Bank Bill have 
 produced." Scotsman. 
 
 " With the single exception of the ' History of Prices,' no work 
 has appeared so well calculated to suggest important reflections 
 and considerations on these subjects, or which will so amply repay 
 the trouble of a careful perusal." ion. Economist. 
 
 Fullarton, Wm. 1. English Interests in India and 
 Military Operations in the Southern part of the Peninsula 
 in 1782-84, Lon., 1787, 8vo. 2. Letter to Lord C., 1801, 
 8vo. 3. Trinidad, 1804, 4to. 4. Ans. to Picton, 1805, 4to. 
 Fuller, Andrew, 1754-1815, an eminent Baptist 
 minister, a native of Wicken, Cambridgeshire, was settled 
 for a short time at Soham, and afterwards removed to 
 Kettering, where he resided until his death. The works 
 of this excellent man are greatly esteemed. We notice 
 the principal : 1. The Calvinistical and Socinian Systems 
 examined and compared as to their Moral Tendency 
 1794, '96, 1802, 8vo. Repub. as No. 18 of Ward's Lib. of 
 Standard Divinity. 
 
 " A highly valuable publication for the author's masterly defence 
 of the doctrines of Christianity, and his acute refutation of the op 
 posite errors." WM. WILBERFORCE, M.P. 
 
 "A most valuable work, with much power of reasoning and 
 unction of spirit." Bickersteth's Chris. Stu. 
 
 2. Socinianism Indefensible. In reply to Toulmin and 
 Kentish. 3. The Gospel its own Witness, 1799-1800, 8vo 
 "Convince him [the infidel] of sin, there is an end of his infi 
 delity, root and branch. . . . Fuller in his Gospel its own Witnes. 
 has pursued this train of argument, and made the infidel feel the 
 point of the two-edged sword/' Bickersteth's Chris. Stu. 
 
 4. Memoirs of Rev. S. Pearce, 1800, 8vo. 
 
 " This is an interesting piece of biography." Dr. E. Williams' 
 Christian Preacher. 
 
 5. The Backslider, 1801, 8vo. New ed., with Pref. by 
 the Rev. J. A. James, 1840, 18mo; 1847, 24mo. 6. Vie 
 of Religions, by Hannah Adams, with addits., 1805, 8vo 
 The 3d Lon. edit., with the improvements of the 4th Amer 
 ed., and many new Articles and Corrections throughout 
 of Miss Adams's excellent work, was pub. in 1823, 8vo 
 edited by T. Williams, with addits. and reflections. 7 
 Thornton Abbey; being Religious Letters by Mr. John 
 Satchell, 1806, 3 vols. 12mo. 8. Dialogues, Letters, am 
 Essays on various Subjects, 1806, 12mo. 9. Expos. Dis 
 courses [58] on Genesis, 1806, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Chiefly intended for family use." WILLIAMS. 
 
 " His discourses are not critical, (for he was mostly a self-taugh 
 man,) but they are shrewd, instructive, and touching. He seize 
 the principal points of the passage, and often illustrates them very 
 happily. Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " Much originality of critical remark must not be expected, . 
 must the reader be surprised if he often meet with a trite and ol 
 vious reflection ; but we will venture to promise him, much mor 
 frequently, a manly, judicious, and useful train of observation 
 expressed in simple and vigorous language." ion. Eclectic Rev 
 0. S., 2d Pt., ii. 896. 
 
 " Judicious, evangelical, and practical." Bickersteth's Ctiris. Stu 
 
 " The author selects a paragraph of convenient length, and fu 
 
 FUL 
 
 ishes a concise exposition of its leading circumstances, accom- 
 tanied with a few practical reflections." 
 
 " Those who have Fuller and Bush, with a prayerful mind, have 
 very aid they can desire in the study of this book." Lon. Evan- 
 el. Mag. 
 
 "The author of this work has long been known by his able 
 ublications on the absurdity of deism, and the immoral tendency 
 f Socinian tenets." dome's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 10. Serms. on various subjects, 1814, 8vo. 
 
 ' These sermons are much valued by Baptists." Lowndes's Bibl. 
 fan. 
 
 11. Expos. Discourses on the Apocalypse, 1815, 8vo. 
 
 " There is, however, but little novelty in the work, but little to 
 ratify the anxious curiosity of the age, or to elucidate the unful- 
 lled and more difficult parts of the Revelation. The general outline 
 f the prophetic scheme is boldly sketched, and its various ramifi 
 cations are marked with that precision which was common to the 
 writer ; but in general there is an extreme of modesty and diffi- 
 ence, with scarcely any attempts to pass the usual boundaries of 
 ;hought on these subjects, or any adventurous flight of specula- 
 ion." Morris's Memoirs of Mr. Fuller, where see (pp. 250-260) an 
 .bstract of F.'s scheme of the Apocalypse. 
 
 " His Genesis is superior to the Apocalypse ; for the exposition 
 f which he had neither sufficient reading nor leisure." Orme's 
 Bibl. Bib. 
 
 12. The Harmony of Scripture ; or, an attempt to recon- 
 ile various Passages apparently contradictory, 1817, 8vo. 
 
 Posth. 
 
 The Harmony contains some judicious observations on fifty- 
 five passages, written originally for the use of a private friend." 
 Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 In 1815, 8vo, Mr. J. W. Morris pub. Memoirs of the Life 
 and Writings of Andrew Fuller. A memoir by the author's 
 son, Andrew Gunton Fuller, is prefixed to the complete 
 edit, of the former's Works, 1831-32, 5 vols. 8vo. There 
 lave been also eds. of his Complete Works, 1838, imp. Svo; 
 1840, imp. 8vo; 1845, imp. 8vo; 1852, imp. 8vo; 1853, 
 mp. 8vo. There is also an excellent ed., in 3 vols. 8vo, 
 sub. by the Baptist Publication Society of Phila., edited 
 ay the Rev. Joseph Belcher, well known as the editor and 
 author of many valuable works. See the name in this 
 Dictionary. Principal Works, with a Mem. by his son, 
 Bohn's Standard Lib., 1852, p. 8vo. Reports of his serms. 
 and a number of his treatises have been repub. from time 
 to time. We conclude with some testimonies from eminent 
 authorities to the value of this able writer and truly ex 
 emplary man : 
 
 ; I am slowly reading Andrew Fuller's works. He was an inte 
 resting man ; one of the wisest and most moral-minded of his day. 
 He possessed wonderful strength of mind ; and is an instance how 
 Providence can draw forth instruments from the most unlikely 
 quarters." BISHOP JEBB. 
 
 " A biographer of Fuller has justly remarked of him, that he 
 thought with Owen, and wrote with the pointed pen of Baxter." 
 Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 ' He was a writer among the Baptists, but of the same good 
 school of divinity as Scott. With a lively imagination and all the 
 powers of a masculine mind, he maintains the distinguishing doc 
 trines of the gospel, and insists on its practical holiness." Bick 
 ersteth's Chris. Stu. 
 
 " The Rev. Andrew Fuller has been styled by the Americans, 
 ' The Franklin of Theology ;' and it is said of him, that all his 
 writings bear the powerful stamp of a mind which, for native 
 vigour, original research, logical acumen, profound knowledge of 
 the human heart, and intimate acquaintance with the Scriptures, 
 has had no rival since the days of President Edwards." 
 
 " Coming on to modern theological writers, I recommend you to 
 familiarize yourselves with the works of the acute, the philosophi 
 cal, the profound, the pious, Jonathan Edwards, and those of 
 Andrew Fuller. I know nothing like the latter for a beautiful 
 combination of doctrinal, practical, and experimental religion." 
 Counsels to Students of Theology on leaving College, by John Angell 
 James. 
 
 The same author also remarks : 
 
 " Did our students and young ministers, yes, and old ones too, 
 know the almost inexhaustible mine of truth in his works, not 
 one that could afford to purchase them would be without them. 
 They contain the most entire union of sound Calvinistic divinity 
 of the moderate school, Christian ethics and religious experience, 
 not even excepting the works of President Edwards, in the Eng 
 lish language." 
 
 " Fuller was a man whose sagacity enabled him to penetrate to 
 the depths of every subject he explored ; whose conceptions were 
 so powerful and luminous, that what was recondite and original 
 appeared familiar ; what was intricate, easy and perspicuous in 
 his hands : equally successful in enforcing the practical, in stating 
 the theoretical, and in discussing the polemical branches of theo 
 logy." ROBERT HALL. 
 
 Fuller, Anne. Novels, 1787-89. 
 
 Fuller, Frances A., b. in Monroeville, Ohio, about 
 1826, has gained some reputation as author of a number 
 of fugitive pieces in prose and verse. The poem entitled 
 " A Revery" possesses decided merit. 
 
 Fuller, Metta Victoria, younger sister to the pre 
 ceding, is better known by the rather fanciful title of 
 "Singing Sibyl." Of her poetical compositions, "Mid 
 night" and " The Silent Ship" may be instanced as pieces 
 of great beauty. 1. Poems of Sentiment, N. York, 12mo. 
 2. Fresh Leaves from vTestern Woods, Buffalo and New 
 
FUL 
 
 FUL 
 
 York, 1852, 12mo. 3. The Senator's Son ; or, The Maine 
 Law a Last Refuge, Cleveland, 12mo. An excellent 
 title, conveying an important truth. But why should 
 not the "Maine Law" be the first safeguard instead of 
 the "last refuge"? 4. Fashionable Dissipation, Phila., 
 1854, 12mo. 
 
 Fuller, Francis, d. 1701, aged 64, a Nonconformist 
 divine, curate of Wirksworth, near Banbury, after 1662, 
 when he was ejected, preached in various places. 1. Serm., 
 Lon., 1696, 4to. 2. Serm., 1700, 12mo. 3. Medicina Gym- 
 nastica, 1704, 8vo. Many eds. By some ascribed to 
 Thomas Fuller, M.D. 
 
 Fuller, H. W., M.D., Assist. Phys. to St. George's 
 Hosp., London. On Rheumatism, Gout, and Sciatica, 
 Lon., 1852, 8vo; N.York, 8vo. 
 
 "We would particularly recommend a careful perusal of Dr. 
 Fuller's pages." Lon. Lancet. 
 
 Fuller, Hiram, a native of Plymouth county, Mass., 
 publisher and editor of The New York Mirror for fourteen 
 years, pub. The Groton Letters in 1S45, and in 1858 gave 
 to the world a series of lively letters, entitled Belle Brit- 
 tan, collected into a volume, the first edition of which 
 was exhausted in a few weeks. 
 
 Fuller, Ignatius. Three Serms., Lon., 1672, 8vo. 
 
 Fuller, J. Views in Ireland, Lon., 1815. 
 
 Fuller, John. Serm., 1681, 4to. 
 
 Fuller, John. Con. on nat. philos., Ac. to Phil. 
 Trans., 1704, '38. 
 
 Fuller, John, M.D. 1. Recov. of the Drowned, Lon., 
 1785, 8vo. 2. Hist, of Berwick-upon-Tweed, Edin., 1799, 
 8vo. 
 
 Fuller, John. The Teeth, 3d ed., 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Fuller, Nicholas, of Gray's Inn. Argument, proving 
 that Eccles. Commissioners have no power to imprison, 
 mulct, Ac., 1607, '41, '74, 4to. 
 
 Fuller, Nicholas, 1557-1622, a native of Southamp 
 ton, educated at Hart Hall, Oxf., became Rector of Ailing- 
 ton, Wiltshire, Preb. of Salisbury, and Rector of Bishop- 
 Waltham, Hampshire. Miscellanea Theologica, lib. iii., 
 Heidelb., 1612, 8vo. Pub. Avith a 4th book, Oxon., 1616, 
 4to j Lon., 1617, 4to. Pub., with 5th and 6th books Mis 
 cellanea Sacra, cum Apologia contra V. cl. Johan Dru- 
 sium, Lugd. Bat., 1622, 4to. Leyd, 1650, 4to. 
 
 " All which Miscellanies are remitted into the ninth vol. of the 
 Critics, [Critica Sacra,] and scattered and dispersed through the 
 whole work of M. Pool's Synopsis." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 " The author was one of the best oriental scholars of his time. 
 The six books of the Miscellanea include a considerable number 
 of curious and important discussions." Orme's B/bl. Bib. 
 
 "Drusius, the Belgian critic, grown old, angry, and jealous that 
 he should be outshined in his own sphere, foully cast some drops 
 of ink upon him, which the other as feirly wiped off again." 
 FuUer 1 ! Worthies of Hampshire. 
 
 Fuller had never even seen the books of Dnisius. 
 
 " Nicholas Fuller, the most admired critic of his time." AtJien. 
 Oxon. See Bliss's ed. for a notice of some other works of this 
 author. 
 
 Fuller, Richard, b. 1808, at Beaufort, S. Carolina, 
 an eminent Baptist minister, was formerly one of the most 
 prominent lawyers of his native State. He has been in the 
 ministry for many years, and since 1847 has been con 
 nected with the Seventh Baptist Church in Baltimore. 
 1. Corresp. with Bishop England concerning the Roman 
 Chancery, Bait., 12mo. 2. Corresp. with Dr. Wayland. 
 3. Serms. 4. Letters. 5. An Argument on Baptist and 
 close Communion, Richmond, 1849, 12mo. 6. The Psalmist, 
 with Supp. by R. F., and J. B. Jeter, Bost., various sizes. 
 This hymn-book is in general use among the Baptists in 
 the U. States, and has been introduced into the British 
 Provinces and London. 
 
 Fuller, S. Margaret. See OSSOLI, MARCHES A D'. 
 
 Fuller, Samuel. 1. Serm., 1682, 4to. 2. Canonica, 
 1690, 4to. 
 
 Fuller, Stephen. Jamaica Acts, &c., 1788, '89, 4to. 
 
 Fuller, Thomas, 1608-1661, a native of Aldwinckle, 
 Northamptonshire, at the early age of twelve entered 
 Queen's Coll., Carnb., and studied with such perseverance 
 that he took the degree of A.B. in 1624, and that of A.M. 
 in 1628. In 1631 he became Fellow of Sidney Coll., and 
 in the same year was made Prebendary of Salisbury, after 
 astonishing his hearers with his eloquence from the pulpit 
 of St. Bennet's, Cambridge ; and not long after was re 
 warded by the Rectorship of Broad-Windsor, Dorsetshire. 
 Upon the death of his first wife, about 1641, he removed 
 to London and became minister of the Savoy. We may here 
 mention that, after remaining a widower for thirteen years, 
 he was, in 1654, married to a sister of Viscount Baltin- 
 glasse. After Charles had quitted London, (in 1642,) 
 Fuller preached a sermon in which he displayed both his 
 
 loyalty and the love of pertinent illustration which is ob 
 servable in his works. To the great indignation of the 
 Parliamentarians, he gave out his text, " Yea, let him take 
 all, so that my lord the king return in peace." 
 
 This sermon was published, and brought the good 
 preacher into disrepute with those whose purposes would 
 not have been furthered by " bringing the king again in 
 peace." Nothing daunted, when the Royalists took up 
 " carnal weapons" to defend their sovereign, Fuller joined 
 the army as chaplain, and, not content with praying for 
 the success of his soldiers, he so excited their courage by 
 his exhortations, that Sir William Waller was obliged to 
 raise the siege of Basinghouse with great loss. This is 
 just what one would expect from the hearty, vigorous, 
 genial tone of the author of the Worthies of England. As 
 regards its propriety, we are not called upon to express an 
 opinion. After the surrender of Exeter, in April, 1646, he 
 removed to London, where h found his lecturer's place 
 filled by another preacher. His eloquence, however, was 
 too well known to permit of his being long without em 
 ployment. He was soon chosen lecturer at St. Clement's 
 Lane, near Lombard Street; removed to St. Bride's in 
 Fleet Street; was, in 1648, presented to the living of 
 Waltham in Essex, which he left in 1658 for that of Cran- 
 ford, Middlesex; recovered his prebend at the Restora 
 tion, readmitted to his Lectureship at the Savoy, and 
 died in the year following. His principal works are the 
 following : 
 
 1. David's Hainous Sinne, Heartie Repentance, Heavie 
 Punishment; a Poem, 1631. This, his first publication, a 
 tract of 46 leaves, is now very rare. Bindley, 5 15s. 6d. 
 Hibbert, same copy, 6 6s. 2. The Historic of the Holy 
 Warre, Camb., 1639, '40, '42, '47, '51, fol., with the Holy 
 State, 1652, fol. Holy Warre, new ed., Lon., 1840, sm. 8vo. 
 3. The Holy and Profane State; a collection of Characters, 
 Moral Essays, and Lives, ancient, foreign, and domestic, 
 Camb., 1642, '48, '52, '58, fol. New ed., 1840, Lon., sm. 
 8vo. By Jas. Nichols, 1841, 8vo. 
 
 " Perhaps upon the whole it is the best of his works ; and cer 
 tainly displays to better advantage than any, his original and vi 
 gorous powers of thinking. It consists of two parts the Holy and 
 tiie Profane State ; the former proposing examples for our imitation ; 
 and the latter their opposites, for our abhorrence. Each contains 
 characters of individuals in every department of life, as ' the lather,' 
 ' husband,' ' soldier,' and ' divine ;' lives of eminent persons as illus 
 trative of these characters; and general essays. In his conception 
 of character he has followed Bishop Earle and Sir Thomas Over- 
 bury, but his manner of writing is essentially diflerent." Lon. 
 Eetrosp. Rev., 1821, iii. 55. 
 
 The Holy State contains Lives of Monica, Abraham, 
 Eliezer, Lady Paula, Hildegardis, Paracelsus, Dr.Whitaker, 
 Julius Scaliger, Perkins, Dr. Metcalf, Sir Francis Drake, 
 Camden, Haman, Cardinal Wolsey, C. Brandon, Duke of 
 Brandon, Lord Burleigh, Sir John Markham, St. Augustin, 
 Bishop Ridley, Lady Jane Grey, Queen Elizabeth, Gusta- 
 vus Adolphus, Edward the Black Prince. 
 
 The Profane State contains Lives of Joan Queen of 
 Naples, Joan of Arc, Caesar Borgia, John Andronicus, the 
 Duke of Alva.' 
 
 4. Good Thoughts in Bad Times, Exeter, 1645, 12mo; 
 Lon., 1646, 18mo; 1810, 18mo. The first fruits of the 
 Exeter press, Fuller tells us. 5. Good Thoughts in Worse 
 Times, Lon., 1640, 16mo; 1647. 6. Mixt Contemplations 
 in Better Times, 1660, 12mo. A new ed. of Nos. 4, 5, and 
 6, in one 18mo vol., 1830. Nos. 4 and 5 pub. together, 
 1669, 12mo. 
 
 7. Andronicus; or, the Unfortunate Politician, 1649, 8vo. 
 
 "This is one of the least-known, if not the rarest, of the produc 
 tions of the quaint writer whose name it bears. . . . The subject 
 of this piece is the usurpation of Andronicus, an obscure portion 
 of the history of the Eastern empire which the writer has chosen 
 for the purpose of moralizing its facts and epigrammatizing the 
 records that remain concerning it." Lon. Retrosp. Rev., 1827, 
 .ZV. S., i. 396. 
 
 8. A Pisgah-Sight of Palestine, and the confines thereof, 
 with the Hist, of the 0. and N. Tests, acted thereon. With 
 Plates, 1650, '62, fol. 
 
 " This is one of the most curious works ever written on the Scrip 
 tures. . . . The View of Palestine is not a mere geographical work; 
 it contains many things relating to Jewish antiquities, and to the 
 manners and customs of the people, and incidentally illustrates a 
 number of passages of Scripture." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 9. The Church History of Britain from the birth of Christ 
 to 1648, 1655, fol. Contains a Hist, of the Univ. of Camb. 
 from the Conquest to 1643, and of Waltham Abbey. A 
 new ed. of the Church Hist., with the author's corrections, 
 edited by James Nichols, 1837, 3 vols. 8vo; 1842, 3 vols. 
 8vo. Edited by the Rev. J. S. Brewer, 1845, 6 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " It is divided into eleven books, whereof the sixth gives the 
 history of the allies of England from the first rise of monkery to 
 the final eradication of it under Henry the Eighth. These are 
 subdivided into lesser sections, which are severally dedicated to 
 
 643 
 
FUL 
 
 FUL 
 
 such patrons as were most likely to make their due acknowledg 
 ments to the author. Nor were these infant lords and rich alder 
 men the only people he designed to flatter. He was to make his 
 court to the powers then in fashion; and he well knew nothing 
 would be more grateful to them, than squinting reflections on the 
 management of the late king's chief ministers of state, eminent 
 churchmen, &c. For such misbehaviour as this, he was severely 
 taken to task by Peter Heylin, in his Examen Historicum; to 
 which was added Dr. Cosin's Apology, in answer to some passages 
 in that history which concerned himself. . . . Even the most se 
 rious and most authentic parts of it are so interlaced with pun 
 and quibble, that it looks as if the man had designed to ridicule 
 the annals of our church into fable and romance. . . . There are 
 in it some things of moment, hardly to be had elsewhere, which 
 may often illustrate dark passages in more serious writers." 
 Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib., 96. 
 
 " Bishop Mcolson was too censorious upon Dr. Fuller's Church 
 History." Biog. Brit., q. v. 
 
 " There are only two writers of the genuine History of our Church 
 who deserve the name of historians, Collier and Fuller." Bishop 
 Warburton's Directions to a Sludent in Theology. 
 
 " Quaint and witty, but sensible, pious, candid, and useful; an 
 invaluable body of information to the death of Charles the First." 
 Bickersteth's Christian Student. 
 
 " The historical works of Fuller are simply a caricature of the 
 species of composition to which they professedly belong ; a syste 
 matic violation of all its proprieties. The gravity and dignity of 
 the historic muse are continually violated by him. But not only 
 is he continually cracking his jokes and perpetrating his puns ; 
 his matter is as full of treason against the laws of history as his 
 manner. . . . Never was there such a medley. First, each book 
 and section is introduced by a quaint dedication to one or other 
 of his many admirers or patrons. Nicolson in his English Histo 
 rical Library is rather severe on his motives for such a multiplica 
 tion of dedication. Second, the several paragraphs into which the 
 Church History is divided, (most of them introduced by some quaint 
 title,) are many of them as little connected with church history as 
 with the history of China. Thus, in one short ' section,' comprising 
 the period from 1330 to 1361, we find 'paragraphs' relating to the 
 ' ignorance of the English in curious clothing to ' fullers' earth,' 
 which, he tells us, ' was a precious commodity' to the manufacture 
 of ' woollen cloth,' and to the sumptuary laws which ' restrained 
 excess in apparel.' Here is a strange mixture in one short chapter." 
 HENRY ROGERS: Edin. Rev., Ixxiv. 352-53, and in his Essays. 
 
 " All the charms of Southey's prose may please you in his Book 
 of the Church ; on turning to the old church historian, Thomas 
 Fuller, you may find in his History of the Church in Great Britain 
 (one of the most remarkable works in the language) the varied 
 powers of learning, sagacity, pathos, an overflowing wit, humour, 
 and imagination, all animating the pages of a church history." 
 Henry Reed's Lects. on Eng. Lit., Phila., 1855, 12rno. 
 
 10. The Appeal of Injured Innocence, 1659, fol. 
 
 " Soon after [the publication of Heylin's Examen Historicum] 
 Th. Fuller came out with a thin fol., full of submission and ac 
 knowledgment, entit. The Appeal of Injured Innocence." Athen. 
 Oxon,, q. v. 
 
 This volume is necessary to complete The Church His 
 tory by the same author. The Appeal of Injured Inno 
 cence is a running commentary on each of the eleven 
 books of The Church History. 
 
 "It embraces almost every topic within the range of human dis 
 quisition, from the most sublime mysteries of the Christian reli 
 gion and the great antiquity of the Hebrew and Welsh languages, 
 down to ' the tale of a tub,' and criticisms on Shakspeare's perver 
 sion of the character of Sir John Falstaff." 
 
 New ed. of the Hist, of the Univ. of Camb., edit, by 
 Prickett and Wright, 1840, 8vo. The Hist, of the Univ. 
 of Camb., of Waltham Abbey, and the Appeal of Injured 
 Innocence, edit, by James Nichols, 1840, 8vo. See Bishop 
 Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib., 129. 
 
 11. Hist, of the Worthies of England, 1662, fol. Posth. ; 
 pub. by his son. New ed., with Notes by John Nichols, 
 1811, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 The learned and industrious editor of this present edition 
 was assisted by Mr. Bindley, Mr. Malone, Mr. Alex. Chal 
 mers, Sir Henry Ellis, Dr. Bliss, Sir Egerton Brydges, and 
 the indefatigable author of Cathedral Antiquities, Mr. 
 John Britton. 
 
 With Notes, Indexes, Ac., by P. Austin Nuttall, LL.D.. 
 1840, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Bishop Nicolson is as severe upon this entertaining work 
 as he is upon the Church History : 
 
 " It was huddled up in haste, for the procurement of some mode 
 rate profit for the author, though he did not live to see it published. 
 It corrects many mistakes in his ecclesiastical history ; but makes 
 more new ones in their stead." Eng. Hist. Lib., v. 
 
 But see a defence of Fuller in the Biog.' Brit. His bio 
 grapher there very pertinently reminds us of Fuller's own 
 plea for himself, when excusing John Fox's error in assert 
 ing Marbeck to have been burnt at the stake, when Mar- 
 beck "lived" for all that we know to the contrary "a 
 prosperous gentleman :" 
 
 " And it is impossible for any author of a voluminous book, con 
 sisting of several persons and circumstances, (Reader, in pleading 
 for Master Foxe I plead for myself,) to have such ubiquitary intelli 
 gence, as to apply the same in&llibility to every particular " 
 
 " His Worthies is, we believe, more generally perused than any 
 of his productions, and is perhaps the most agreeable; suffice to 
 gay of it, that it is a most fascinating storehouse of gossiping, an 
 dote, and quaizitness; a most delightful medley of interchang 
 044 
 
 amusement, presenting entertainment as varied as it is inexhaust- 
 ble. His Good Thoughts in Bad Times, and lesser works, are all 
 equally excellent in their way, full of admirable maxims and re- 
 lections, agreeable stories, and ingenious moralizations. It was, 
 however, in biography that Fuller excelled." Lon. Retrosp. Rev.. 
 1821, iii. 54. 
 
 Our Dictionary is greatly indebted to the Worthies of 
 England, as our frequent acknowledgments testify. 
 
 The Catalogues of the Sheriffs and the lists of the Gentry, 
 as they were returned from the several counties in the 
 twelfth year of Henry the Sixth, are very useful. 
 
 But we have already given to honest Fuller more space 
 than we can well afford, and must dismiss him after the 
 itation of two or three more testimonies of his general 
 excellence as a writer. 
 
 " Next to Shakspeare, I am not certain whether Thomas Fuller, 
 beyond all other writers, does not excite in me the sense and emo 
 tion of the marvellous; the degree in which any given faculty, or 
 combination of faculties, is possessed and manifested, so far sur 
 passing what we would have thought possible in a single mind, as 
 to give one's admiration the flavour and quality of wonder. Fuller 
 was incomparably the most sensible, the least prejudiced great man 
 of an age that boasted of a galaxy of great men. In all his nu 
 merous volumes, on so many different subjects, it is scarcely toe 
 much to say, that you will hardly find a page in which some one 
 sentence out of every three does not deserve to be quoted for itself 
 as a motto or as a maxim. . . . Fuller, whose wit (alike in quan 
 tity, quality, and perpetuity, surpassing that of the wittiest in a 
 witty age) robbed him of the praise not less due to him for an 
 equal superiority in sound, shrewd, good sense, and freedom of 
 intellect." S. T. COLERIDGE. 
 ' ; A man of fancy." BISHOP BURNET. 
 
 "The writings of Fuller are usually designated by the title of 
 quaint, and with sufficient reason ; for such was his natural bias 
 to conceits, that I doubt not, upon most occasions, it would have 
 been going out of his way to have expressed himself out of them. 
 But his wit is not always lumen siccum, a dry faculty of surpris 
 ing ; on the contrary, his conceits are oftentimes deeply steeped in 
 human feeling and passion. Above all, his way of telling a story, 
 for its eager liveliness, and the perpetual running commentary of 
 the narrator happily blended with the narration, is perhaps un 
 equalled." CHARLES LAMB. 
 
 See the authorities cited above, and an article on Fuller 
 and his Writings, in the Boston Christian Examiner : 
 highly lauded by an eminent English authority. The 
 reader must procure, also, Memorials of the. Life and Writ 
 ings of Thomas Fuller, by the Rev. Arthur T. Russell, Vicar 
 of Caxton, Cambridgeshire, Lon., 1844, sm. Svo. And see 
 BROOME, REV. ARTHUR, in this Dictionary. 
 
 Fuller was remarkable for his piety, his wit, his kind 
 ness of heart, his learning, his conversational powers, and 
 his wonderful memory. 
 
 " He had a memory so vastly comprehensive that he is deservedly 
 known for the first inventor of that noble art [memoria technica : 
 but this was known to the ancients] whereof he left no rules be 
 hind him, but many extraordinary proofs ; as, after a walk from 
 Temple-Bar to the furthest conduit in Cheapside his repeating all 
 the signs on both sides of the way, orderly, without missing or mis 
 placing one ; and so he would do by the words of different languages 
 to any number ; [500, at least, after twice hearing them, it has been 
 stated;] to the great astonishment of his hearers." Biog. Brit. 
 
 Fuller, Thomas, M.D., 1654-1734, honourably dis 
 tinguished for his kindness to the poor, (see Cotton Mather's 
 Essays to do Good,) was educated at Queen's Coll., Camb., 
 and practised at Sevenoaks, Kent. 1. Pharmacopoeia Ex- 
 temporanea, Lon., 1701, <fec., Svo. Trans, into French and 
 German. 2. Pharmacopoeia Bateana, 1718, <fcc., 12mo. 
 3. Pharmacopoeia Domestica, 1725, <fcc., Svo. 4. Introduc- 
 tio ad Prudentiam, 1726-27, Svo; 1743, with an addit. 
 vol., 2 vols. New ed., recently pub., 12mo. 5. Introduc- 
 tio ad Sapientam, 1731, 12mo. 6. Exanthemalogia, 1730, 
 4to. 7. Adagies, Proverbs, Wise Sentiments, and Witty 
 Sayings, ancient and modern, Foreign and British, 1732, 
 12mo. 8. Family Dispensatory, 1738, <fec., Svo. We sub 
 join the epitaph in Sevenoaks Church, made by Dr. Fuller 
 on himself: 
 
 "Ante obitum felix canto epicedia nostra: 
 Octoginta annos sum passus tristia terrse; 
 Mors dabit his finem, mecum laetaminie amici; 
 JEternum posthac coeloruin laeta tenebo." 
 
 See Nichols's Lit. Anec. 
 
 Fuller, Thomas. Journal, <fec. on board Cavendish's 
 ship, the Desire. See Calender's Voyages, i. 471, 1766. 
 
 Fuller, Thomas, D.D. The Causes and Cure of a 
 Wounded Conscience, 1810, 12mo. 
 
 Fuller, Wm. Serm., Lon., 1628, 4to. 
 
 Fuller, Wm. Ephemeris Parliamentaria, Lon., 1654, 
 '63, '81, fol. 
 
 Fuller, Wm. Tracts rel. to the Pretended Prince of 
 Wales, &c., Lon., 1702-16. 
 
 Fullerton, Col. Views in the Himalaya and Neil- 
 gherry Hills; 24 plates, Lon., 1848, 4to. 
 
 Fullerton, Alex. Toleration ; a Serm., Aberd., 1784. 
 
 Fullerton, Lady Georgiana, one of the most popu 
 lar of modern English novelists. 1. Ellen Middleton; a 
 Tale, 2d ed., Lon., 1844, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
FUL 
 
 "We scarcely know a fiction of the last ten years that so com 
 pletely takes hold of the reader as Ellen Middleton." Mrs. Rale's 
 Woman's Record. 
 
 2. Grantley Manor, 1847, 3 vols. p. 8vo ; 2ded.,1854,12mo. 
 " The author is perhaps too elaborate in her diction, and is stirred 
 
 too often by an ambition for the superfine, to catch that flowing 
 felicity of style which should be the aim of the novelist a style 
 in which sentences should only represent thought or fact, and 
 never dazzle away attention from the matter they convey. But 
 with some faults of manner, and some blunders in plot, the novel 
 evinces considerable dramatic power, and has a number of striking 
 characters. The interest is well sustained, though rapidity of 
 movement in the story is ever subsidiary to completeness of de 
 lineation in the characters." B. P. WHIPPLE: Essays, ii. 405. 
 
 " G rantley Manor is the title of an exceedingly interesting volume, 
 which we have read with more than ordinary pleasure. The style 
 is elegant, the story, which involves a succession of mysteries and 
 cross-purposes, is well developed, and the scene and character paint- 
 i ae is full of spirit and truth. The authoress is certainly a woman 
 of genius, which she has used to excellent purpose." Southern 
 Literary Messenger. 
 
 3. Lady-Bird ; a Tale, 1852, 3 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 Fullmer, or Fulmer, Samuel. The Young Gar 
 dener's Best Companion for the Kitchen and Fruit Garden, 
 Lon., 1781, 12mo. 
 
 Fullom, S. W., a modern author, enjoying great popu 
 larity. 1. The Daughter of Night, Lon., 1851, 3 vols. p. Svo. 
 " A most powerfully-told and fascinating tale." John Butt. 
 
 2. The Marvels of Science, and their Testimony to Holy 
 Writ, 3d ed., 1852, p. Svo; 8th ed., 1854; 9th ed., 1855. 
 
 " Genuine service has been done to the cause of revelation by 
 the isue of such a book." Lon. Globe. 
 
 3. The Great Highway; 3d ed., 1854, 3 vols. p. Svo. 
 4. The Human Mind, 1857, 2 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 Full wood 9 Francis, D.D., Archdeacon of Totness, 
 in Devon. Vindiciae Mediorum et Mediatoris, Lon., 1651, 
 Svo. He also pub. some serms., and several discourses in 
 defence of the Ch. of Eng. and against the Ch. of Rome. 
 Of these, Roma ruit ; the pillars of Rome broken, was re- 
 pub, in 1847, 8vo, edited by Mr. C. Hardwick. 
 Fullwood, Wm. See FULWOOD. 
 Fulman, Wm., 1632-1688, a native of Kent, educated 
 at Oxford through the kindness of Dr. Hammond, attained 
 some eminence as an antiquary. 1. Academiae Oxoniensis 
 Notitia, Oxon., 1665, 4to. With Addits. and Correct, from 
 Wood's Latin Hist., 1675, 4to. 2. Appendix to the Life 
 of E. Stanton, D.D., Lon., 1673. 3. Rerum Anglicanum 
 Scriptorum Veterum. 
 
 "Done with greater accuracy than Gale's two volumes." LOVE- 
 DAY, in Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.; where see a further account 
 of Ful man's literary labours. 
 
 He made some observations on, and corrections of, Bur- 
 net's Hist, of the Reformation, some of which are appended 
 to that work. He also edited the works of Charles I. and 
 of Dr. Hammond. 
 
 Fulmer, Samuel. See FULLMER. 
 Fulthrop, Christopher. The Practice of a Devout 
 Christian, Lon., 1748, Svo. 
 
 Fulton, George, pub. a number of valuable books 
 upon spelling, <fec., and, in conjunction with C. Knight, 
 gave to the world a Pronouncing and Explanatory Die 
 tionary, first pub. in 1802, 12uio, which is still highly 
 esteemed; the last ed. was issued in 1843, 12ino. Mr. F 
 also pub. Johnson's Diet, in Miniature, which passec 
 through a number of eds. 
 
 " In point of notation, quantity, and syllabication, Mr. Fulton'i 
 
 system is, in our opinion, decidedly superior to any which has ye 
 
 been adopted in Spelling-books and Dictionaries." British Critic. 
 
 Fulton, HE. Travelling Sketches in various Countries 
 
 Lon., 1840, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Fulton, J. W. Brit-Indian Book-Keeping, 1804, Svo 
 Fulton, Rev. John. See BROWN, THOMAS, and the 
 notice of Olshausen's Comment. 
 
 Fulton, Levi S. See EASTMAN, G. W. 
 Fulton, Robert, 1765-1815, a native of Little Bri 
 tain, Pennsylvania, has linked his name indissolubly with 
 improved steam navigation. For an account of his life 
 and labours we must refer the reader to his biography in 
 Sparks's Amer. Biog., 1st series, x. 1-89, written by Jame 
 Renwick, LL.D., and to C. D. Colden's Life of Fulton, N 
 York, 1817, 8vo. An interesting account, narrated 
 Fulton himself to the late Judge Story, of the first voyage 
 of the Clermont up the Hudson, from New York to Albany 
 August, 1807, will be found in Story's Miscell. Writings 
 480-482. See also Robert Walsh's Appeal from the Judg 
 ment of Great Brit., Phil, and Lon., 1819, Svo. See als< 
 the works of Daniel Webster, iv. 464, vi. 6, Boston, 1854 
 Encyc. Americana, v. 335-337 ; Lon. Quar. Rev., xix. 347- 
 357 ; Phila. Museum, xxxiii. 340 ; Phila. Analectic Mag. 
 v. 394, x. 177 ; Niles's Register, xiii. 51, xxxiii. 15. 
 
 Treatise on the Improvement of Canal Navigation, Lon. 
 1796, 4to. This work, illustrated by 17 plates and a 
 
 FUR 
 
 >ortrait, is very rare. A copy in a late bookseller's eata- 
 ogue is priced $12. 
 
 Fulwell. Ulpin, b. 1556, Rector of Naunton, Glou- 
 iestershire. 1. The Flower of Fame, Lon., 1575, 4to. 
 Dhis is an historical work rel. to Hen. VIII., <fcc., in prose 
 and verse. A copy has been sold for 30 9. It is re- 
 >rinted in the Harleian Miscell., vol. ix. 2. Ars Adulandi, 
 he Art of Flatterie, 1579, 4to. 
 Our readers should ponder this truth : 
 
 " Who reads a booke rashly, at random doth runne; 
 
 Hee goes on his errande, yet leaues it undone." 
 3. A pleasant Interlude entitled Like will to Like, quoth 
 ;he Devil to the Collier, 1587, 4to. This is a moral dra 
 matic piece. 
 
 Fulwood, Francis. See FULLWOOD. 
 Fulwood, Peter. Serms., 1673, Svo. 
 Fulwood, or Fullwood, Wm., a London merchant 
 1. Trans, of Wm. Gratarolus's Castle of Memorie, from the 
 Italian, Lon., 1562, '63, '73. Watt ascribes this trans, to 
 Wm. Fulford, also to W. Fulward, and to Wm. Fulwood. 
 A curious list of orthographical errors. For an account 
 of the work, see Feinagle's Art of Memory, and the Cen- 
 sura Literaria, ed. 1815, v. 309. 
 
 "Memory taketh leave of her disciples with the following pithy 
 admonition : 
 
 " To him that would me gladly gaine, 
 These three preceptes shal not be vaine : 
 The fyrst, is wel to understand 
 The thing that he doth take in hand. 
 The second is the same to place 
 In order good, and formed race. 
 The thyrde is, often to repeate 
 The thing that he would not forgeate." 
 
 Quoted in Cen. Lit., ubi supra. 
 
 2. The Enimie of Idleness. Teaching the maner and 
 stile how to endite, compose, and write all sorts of Epistles 
 and Letters, Ac., 1568, '98, Svo and 16mo, consisting of 
 
 "Sundry Letters belonging to Love, as well in Verse as in 
 Prose." 
 
 All is in prose, save the last thirteen pages, which con 
 tain seven metrical love-epistles. We give a specimen of 
 the poetry : 
 
 " A constant lover doth expresse 
 His griping grifes, which still encrease." 
 
 " A lover, pearst with Cupide' 
 Thinks long till he be rid fr< 
 
 ide's bowe, 
 'd from woe." 
 
 A lover hath his ladie's hart, 
 And writes to hir as is his part." 
 
 Quoted in Oe,n. Lit., x. 5. 
 
 We presume that the " ladies" will not insist upon fur 
 ther specimens. See also Herbert's Typ. Antiq. of G. Brit 
 
 Funnel!, Wm., mate to Capt Dampier. A voyage 
 round the World, containing an account of Capt. Dam- 
 pier's Expedit into the South Seas, in the St. George, 
 1703-04, Lon., 1707, Svo. This relation was unauthorized 
 by Capt. Dampier, who pub. a Vindication of his voyage, 
 in the same year, in answer to it. The Vindication elicited 
 a reply from John Welbe, a midshipman in Dampier's 
 ship. See an account of this matter in Rich's Bibl. Amer. 
 Nova, under 1707 ; and see DAMPIER, CAPT. WM., in this 
 Dictionary. Funnell's narrative is repub. in Harris's 
 Collec. of Voy. and Trav., vol. i. 2. Voyage to Magel- 
 lanica in 1703. See Calender's Voy., iii. 145, 1766. 
 
 Furber, Robert. 1. Cat. of Eng. and For. Trees, 
 Lon., 1727, Svo. 2. Flower-Garden display'd, 1732, 4to. 
 3. Short Introduc. to Gardening, 1733, Svo. 4. Collec. of 
 Flowers for the twelve Months, fol. 
 
 Furley, Lieut. Maxims and Morals for our Conduct 
 through Life, 1791, 12mo. 
 
 Furlong, J. S. Law of Landlord and Tenant in Ire 
 land, Dubl., 1845, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Furly, Samuel. Serm., 1779, 4to. 
 
 Furman, Richard, D.D., d. 1825, a Baptist minister 
 of Charleston, S. C., pub. a serm. in 1796, and furnished 
 Ramsay, the historian,with a statistical account of Camden. 
 
 Furneaux, Philip, D.D., 1726-1783, a Dissenting 
 minister, lecturer at Clapham, in Surrey, 1753-76, pub. 
 Serms., 1758-69, Letters to Justice Blackstone on his 
 Expos, of the Act of Toleration, 1793, Svo. His Letters 
 to Blackstone are said 
 
 " To have induced the learned commentator to alter some posi 
 tions in the subsequent editions of his valuable work." See Lon. 
 Gent. Mag., vols. li., liii. 
 
 Furness, Rev. John. The Pract. Surveyor, Lon.,1809. 
 
 Furness, Rev. William H., b. in Boston, April 20, 
 1802 ; grad. at Harvard Coll. in 1820 ; completed his theo 
 logical education in 1823 ; ordained as pastor of the First 
 Congreg. Unitarian Church in Philadelphia, Jan. 12, 1825. 
 1. Remarks on the Four Gospels, Phila., 1836; Lon. 1837, 
 
FUR 
 
 '51. 2. Jesus and his Biographers, 1838. 3. A History of 
 Jesus, 1850. New ed., 1853 ; Lon., 1850. 
 
 "The author is a man whom to know is to love, who is deeply 
 penetrated with the spirit of Christianity, and whose whole life and 
 character have grown from intimate heart-communion with the 
 objects of his religious faith. He is a man of a rich, active, and 
 fruitful intellect, of the most liberal culture, of warm enthusiasm 
 and glowing fancy. But he is neither a logician nor critic. ^Esthetic 
 considerations weigh more with him than historical proofs, and 
 vividness of conception than demonstration. So far is he from 
 needing facts to verify his theories, that he is ready to reject the 
 best-authenticated facts, if they would not flow necessarily from 
 
 his d priori reasoning A History of Jesus is a title worthy of 
 
 the author's honesty. The definite article would have been sadly 
 out of place; for the work is not an exposition of the Gospels as 
 they are, but an original Gospel, embracing and endorsing such 
 portions of the record of the evangelists as accorded with his no 
 tions of what must and should have been, and telling the rest of 
 the story as the evangelists would have told it had they belonged 
 to his school of philosophy and theology. His theoiy is, we believe, 
 entirely original and peculiar. It is naturalism in a form so irra 
 tional and untenable that we can hardly conceive of its ever find 
 ing a second advocate." A. P. PEABODY, m N. Amur. Rev., Ixxi. 
 464; see also Chris. Exam., xlix. 239; xv. 277. 
 
 4. Domestic Worship, 1842. New ed., 1850. 5. Mirror 
 of Nature, trans, from the German of Schubert. 6. Gems 
 of German Verse. 
 
 " He is a poet of fine taste, and deep feeling, and has published 
 fugitive poems, chiefly hymns and devotional pieces. He has made 
 exquisite translations from the German, chief of which stands his 
 Torsion of Schiller's ' Song of the Bell.' He is a lover of the beauti 
 ful arts, and has rendered them great service in Philadelphia." 
 Men of the Time, N. York, 1852. 
 
 7. A vol. of Discourses, 1855, 12mo. 8. Julius, and other 
 Tales; from the German, Phila., 1856, 12mo. 9. Thoughts 
 on the Life and Character of Jesus of Nazareth, Bost., 
 1859, 12mo. 
 
 Mr. Furness edited The Diadem, a Philadelphia annual, 
 for three years, and has occasionally contributed to the 
 Christian Examiner, pub. in Boston. 
 
 Furniss, William, of N. York. 1. The Old World ; 
 or, Scenes and Cities in Foreign Lands, with a Map 
 and Illustrations, New York, 1850, 8vo. 2. Waraga; 
 or, The Charms of the Nile, 12mo. 3. The Land of the 
 Caesar and the Doge, 1853, 12mo. See Putnam's Maga 
 zine, i. 230. 
 
 Furs man, John. Serm., 1715, 8vo. 
 
 Furtado, John. 1, 2. Works on Thorough Bass, 1798, 
 8vo. 3. The Piano Forte, Ac., 1798, 4to. 
 
 Fuseli, Henry, 1741-1825, a celebrated painter, a 
 native of Zurich, visited England in 1763, and was per- 
 Buaded by Sir Joshua Reynolds, who discovered his great 
 abilities, to adopt the profession of an artist. In 1770 he 
 visited Italy, where he remained for nine years, and on 
 his return at once took a position among the first painters 
 of the day. From this time until his death he annually 
 contributed to the Royal Academy. He died at the ripe 
 age of 87, when on a visit to the Countess of Guilford, at 
 Putney Hill. For an account of his life, artistic labours, 
 and his views of professional matters, we must refer the 
 reader to his Life and Works, (Lectures on Painting, 
 Aphorisms, History of Arts in the Schools of Italy, Ac.,) 
 the former written, the latter edited, by John Knowles, 
 
 GAD 
 
 1831, 3 vols. 8vo. See also Autobiography of Haydon : 
 By Tom Taylor, Lon., 1853, 3 vols. 8vo. His Lectures, 
 two series, were also pub. separately, 1801, Ac. As early as 
 1765, 8vo, he pub. Reflections on the Painting and Sculp 
 ture of the Greeks, with Instructions for the Connoisseur, 
 and an Essay on Grace in Works of Art, trans, from the 
 German of the Abbe" Winkelmann ; and in 1805 he gave 
 to the world an improved ed. of Pilkington's Diet, of 
 Painters, 4to. Of this work there have been later eds. 
 See the name. The Life and Works of Fuseli must not be 
 neglected by the student: 
 
 ' These volumes are perhaps the most valuable, as regards the 
 fine arts, ever published in England. Every one who possesses 
 the lectures of Sir Joshua Reynolds should possess also those of 
 Fuseli. comprised in the above work, together with the painter's 
 Aphorisms on Art, and his History of the Italian Schools of Paint 
 ing and Sculpture, all of which are included in the present edi 
 tion." Lon. Month. Rev. See also Wornum's Lectures by the 
 Royal Academicians, Ac, 1848. 
 
 Mr. Robert Balmanno, now (1858) living in Brooklyn, 
 New York, was an intimate friend and one of the execu 
 tors of Fuseli. As already stated, (see BALMANNO, ROBERT,) 
 we have earnestly urged Mr. B. to give to the world some 
 reminiscences of the departed great, the friends who have 
 passed before him into the world of spirits. We fear, how 
 ever, that this desire must remain among the ungratified. 
 
 Fyfe, Andrew. 1. A System of Anatomy and Phy 
 siology, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1787, 3 vols. 8vo; 1800, 3 vols. 
 4to. New ed., 1820, 3 vols. 4to. 2. Anatomy of the Human 
 Body, Edin., 1800, 3 vols. 4to ; vol. iv., 1804, '07, 3 vols. 
 8vo. 3. Anatomia Britannica, 1804, 3 vols. 12mo; 4th ed., 
 1810, 3 vols. 8vo, entitled A Comp. of the Anatomy of the 
 Human Body. New ed., 1822, 4 vols. 8vo. 4. Compara 
 tive Anatomy, 1813, 8vo. 5. Elements of Chemistry, 8vo. 
 6. Manual of Chemistry, 12mo. 7. Reciprocal Influence 
 of Body and Mind, 8vo. 
 
 Fyfe, Archibald. Poems and Criticisms, Paris, 
 1806, 12mo. 
 
 Fyler, Samuel. Serms., Ac., 1680-1700. 
 
 Fyloll, Jasper. A Treatise against the Possessions 
 of the Clergye, gedderd and compyled by J. F., Lon., 
 16mo. 
 
 Fynch, Martin. Practical Divinity, Lon., 1658, 8vo. 
 
 Fynes, Charles, LL.D. Serm., 1798, 4to. 
 
 Fynn, Robert. Brit. Consuls Abroad; their Origin, 
 Rank, Privileges, Duties, Ac., 2d ed., Lon., 1848, 12mo. 
 
 "This work is written with manifest care and judgment; its 
 contents are not only of vital importance to Consuls, but to Mer 
 chants, Ship-owners, Captains, and Travellers." 
 
 Fynney, Fielding Best, Surgeon. Con.to Med.Com., 
 1775, '76, '85 ; to Memoirs Med., 1789 : to Phil. Trans., 
 1777. 
 
 Fysh, Henry, Vicar of Middleton, Norfolk. Serm. on 
 Prov. x. 27, 1738, 8vo. 
 
 Fysh, Thomas. Serm. on Zech. xii. 8, 1685, 4to. 
 
 Fysher, Robert. Catalogus Impressorum Librorum 
 Bibliotheca Bodleianae in Academia Oxoniensi, Oxon., 
 1738, 2 vols. fol. See BOBLEY, SIR THOMAS. 
 
 Fyson, Thomas, Chaplain to the Earl of Uxbridge. 
 Serm. on 1 Cor. xv. 58, 1715, 8vo. 
 
 G. 
 
 Gabb, Rev. Thomas. Finis Pyramidis; or, Dis 
 quisitions concerning the Antiquity and Scientific End of 
 the great Pyramid of Giza, Lon., 1806, 8vo. 
 
 Gabbett, Joseph. 1. Abridgt., Ac. of the Stat. Law 
 of Eng. and Ire., Dubl., 1812-18, 4 vols. 8vo. New ed., to 
 1841, inclusive. 
 
 " An excellent and accurate digest." 
 
 See Warren's Law Studies, 881 , 1 Leg. Rep., 245 ; 
 Tomlin's Diet., Pref. 2. Crim. Law, 1835-43, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Gabble, Gridiron, i. e., Joseph Haslewood. 
 Green Room Gossip ; or, Gravity gallinipt. 
 
 Gabell, Henry. 1. High Price of Corn, Lon., 1796, 
 8vo. 2. A Fast Serm., 1799, 8vo. 
 
 Gabriel, John. Essay towards the Theory of an 
 Invisible World, The Archetypally, 2d ed., 1700, 8vo. It 
 is supposed that Swift was indebted to the Theorv of an 
 Invisible World. 
 
 Gabriel, Rob. Burd, D.D., d. 1804. Tracts rel. to 
 the Rev. Dr. White's Bampton Lect., Lon., 1789, 8vo. 
 
 Gace, Wm. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1578, '79. 
 
 Gadbury, Job, d. 1715, a disciple of John Gadbury, 
 probably succeeded him in the publication of his almanac. 
 
 Gadbury, John, 1627-1692? a notorious astrologer^ 
 
 pub. almanacs, astrological treatises, nativities, Ac., 1656- 
 91, a list of which will be found in the Bibl. Brit, The 
 Black Life of John Gadbury, written and pub. by Par 
 tridge, appeared in 1693. 
 
 Gadbury, Thomas or Timothy. Astrolog. Pre 
 dict, of Chas. II., his coming to the Crown of Ene., Lon., 
 1660, fol. 
 
 Gaddesby, or Gadesby, Richard. 1. Decimal 
 Arith., Lon., 1757, 8vo. 2. Geography, 1776, 12mo. 
 
 Gaddesden, John of, who lived in the early part 
 of the 14th century, was the first Englishman employed 
 as a physician at court, being appointed by Edward II. 
 Before this the court-physicians had been foreigners. Dr. 
 Freind, in his Hist, of Physic, exposes, in a humorous 
 manner, the ignorance, quackery, and superstition of Gad 
 desden. He wrote Rosa Anglica : seu Practica Medicinae 
 a Capite ad Pedus Papise, 1492, '99, fol. Venet., 1502, 
 '06, fol. Neapoli, 1508. Trew, 1516, fol. Aug. Vind., 
 1595, 2 vols. 4to, with Notes by Schopfius. See Bibl. 
 Brit. 
 
 " He seems to have made a collection of all the receipts he had 
 ever met with or heard of; and this book affords us a complete 
 history of what medicines were in use, not only among the phy 
 sicians of that time, but among the common people in all parts of 
 
GAD 
 
 England, both, in the empirical and superstitious way." See 
 Freind's History of Physic. 
 
 " The method of producing fresh from salt water by simple dis 
 tillation, (in an alembic with a gentle heat,) is familiarly men 
 tioned by this author, even at so remote a period." See Aikin's 
 Biog. Memoirs of Med.; Rees's Cyc. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Gadsden. Funl. Serm. on Bp. Dehon. In Dehon s 
 Serms., ii. 529. 
 
 Gael, Samuel H. 1. Contingent and Eventual 
 Losses, Lon., Svo. 2. Legal Composition, 1840, 8vo. An 
 excellent work. 3. Free, of Exam., Ac., 1843, 12mo. 
 " This is a very useful work." 7 Jurist, 351. 
 Gage, Viscount. Lett. rel. to legalizing marriage 
 with a deceased wife's sister, Lon., 1851, 8vo. 
 
 Gage, John. 1. Hist, and Antiq. of Hengrave in 
 Suffolk, Lon., 1822, r. 4to and imp. 4to. Highly com 
 mended. 2. Hist, and Antiq. of Suffolk, 1838, r. 4to and 
 imp. 4to. This work contains the complete history of the 
 Thingo Hundred, which is all that has been pub. 
 
 Gage,M. 1. Cryptography; or, Secret Wri ting, Norw., 
 1809, 8vo. 2. Answer rel. to W. Blair resp. a Cypher, 
 1809, 8vo. 
 
 Gage, Thomas, a R. Catholic missionary who turned 
 Protestant, and obtained the living of Deal, in Kent. In 
 addition to some theolog. treatises, he pub. A New Survey 
 of the W. Indies, Lon., 1648, '55, '77, fol. In the 3d ed. 
 a chapter which reflected on the character of Archbp. 
 Laud was omitted. Gage's sermon was trans, into Span 
 ish. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova. 
 
 GAL 
 
 8vo. 3. By Messrs. Galbraith and Haughton, in conjunc 
 tion with Erasmus Smith, Manual of Astronomy, 1855, fp. 
 8vo. Mr. G. has pub. several works on mathematics, me 
 chanics, and nat. philos. 
 
 Galbraith, Richard. Latin Grammar, Virgil, <fcc., 
 1841-46. 
 
 Galbraith, Wm. Works on surveying, astronomy, 
 and engineering, 1842, <fec. 
 
 Gale. Cabinet of Knowledge, 1797, 12mo. 
 
 Gale, Benjamin, M.D., 1715-1790, a native of Long 
 Island, pub. a Treatise on Inoculation for the Small Pox, 
 Phil. Trans., 1763; on the Bite of Rattlesnakes, same year; 
 some Essays in Transac. Med. Soc. of New Haven; and a 
 Dissert, on the Prophecies. See Thacher's Amer. Med. Biog. 
 
 Gale, C. J. 1. Stat. 3 and 4 Will. IV., c. 42, Lon., 1833, 
 12mo. 2. Rep. Ct. Ex., 1836-38, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. Rep. Case 
 of the Queen v. S. W. R. R. Co., 1842, r. 8vo. 4. C. J. G. 
 and Tho. D. Whately, Law of Easements, 1839, 8vo; 2d 
 ed., 1848. 1st Amer. ed., by E. Hammond, N. York, 1840, 
 8vo. 5. C. J. G. and H. Davison, Rep. Ct. Q. B. and Ex. 
 C., 1841-43, 3 vols. 8vo; 1841-43. See DAVISON, H. 
 
 Gale, Dunstan. Pyramus and Thisbe, a Lovely Poem, 
 Lon., 1617, 4to. Bindley, Pt. 4, 167, 6 8s. U. See Rit- 
 son's Bibl. Poet., 214, 215. 
 
 Gale, John, 1680-1721, an eminent Baptist divine, a 
 native of London, studied at Leyden and Amsterdam, and 
 on his return home became one of the ministers of St. 
 Paul's Alley, near Barbican, London. Wm. Wall, D.D., 
 
 Though Gage pretends to have collected his materials on the ! pub. his Hist, of Infant Baptism in 1705, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d 
 _.. ^^ ------ ~^_, .-_ _,_, ___v__ ,_ i - 
 
 spot, the account "of that place (Mexico) is copied verbatim from 
 Nicholas's Conquest of WeasWndia." DR. SOUTHEY. 
 
 Gager, Wm., a poet and civilian, was entered of 
 Christ Church, Oxf., in 1574. 1. Exequiae, Ac., D. Phi- 
 lippi Sidnaei, <fcc.. Oxon., 1587, 4to. 2. Meleager Tragoedia, 
 1592, Svo. 3. Vlisses Redvx, Tragoedia Nova, 1592. He 
 contended for the lawfulness of stage-plays against Dr. 
 John Rainolds, and insisted upon a position of his, very 
 properly attacked by Mr. Hale, viz. : " That it was lawful 
 for husbands to beat their wives." Whether Mr. Gager 
 indulged in this elegant and manly amusement we have 
 no means of knowing. 
 
 " He was an excellent poet, especially in the Latin tongue, and 
 reputed the best comedian (i. e. dramatic writer) of his time." 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Gahagan, John. Irritability of Plants; in Med. 
 Com., 1789. 
 
 Gahagan, Matthias, M.D., of Grenada. Con. to 
 Med. Cora., 1788. 
 
 Gahagan, Usher, executed at Tyburn, 1749, for 
 clipping the coin, edited Brindley's Classics, and trans, 
 into Latin Pope's Essay on Criticism, the Temple of 
 Fame, and the Messiah. 
 
 Gaharf, Wm., a R. Catholic divine. 1. Serms. and 
 Moral Discourses, 6th ed., Dubl., 1847, Svo. 2. Manual 
 of Catholic Piety, 1847, 12mo. 
 
 Gailhard, J. Theolog., hist., and educational works, 
 Lon., 1660-99. 
 
 Gaimar, Geoffrey. See GEOFFREY GAIMAR. 
 Gainesforde, or Gainsford, Thomas. 1. Hist, 
 of Trebizaud, Lon., 1616, 4 to. 2. Scrutoneer's Study, 1616, 
 4to. 3. Hist, of Perkin Warbeck, 1618, 4to. 4. Glory and 
 Prerog. of Eng., 1618, 4to. 5. Hist, of the Earl of Tirone, 
 1619, 4to. 
 
 Gairden, George, D.D. 1. Funl. Serm., 1726, Svo. 
 2. Works of the Rev. H. Scougal, 1818. 
 
 Gairdner, Wm., M.D. On Gout: its history, cause, 
 and cure, Lon., 1849, p. Svo; 3d ed., 1854. 
 
 " This book is the work of a man mature in years, and who has 
 spent his life in studying the phenomena of which he now renders 
 an account. . . . Our readers will find an ample storehouse of in 
 teresting and important matter." Lon. Lancet. 
 
 Gaisford, Stephen. Abolit. Slave Trade, 1811, Svo. 
 Gaisford, Thomas, D.D., 1780-1855, Regius Prof, 
 of Greek, Oxf., and Dean of Christ Church, d. 1855, in his 
 75th year. 1. Hephaestionis Alexandrini, Ac., Oxon., 1810, 
 Svo. 2. Poet. Minores Graaci, 1816, 4 vols. Svo. 3. Lectiones 
 Platonicse, 1820, Svo. 4. Herodotus ; new ed., 1840, 2 vols. 
 Svo. 5. Suidas, 1834, 3 vols. fol. 6. Scriptores Latini Rei 
 Metricse, 1838, Svo. 7. Etymologicon Magnum, 1848, fol. 
 8. Theodoreti Episcopi, &c., 1854, Svo. Dr. G. prepared 
 Pt. 1 of the Cat. of MS. of E. D. Clarke, in the Bodleian 
 Library, 1812, 4to. For an account of his life and par 
 ticulars of his literary labours, we refer to the London 
 Athenaeum and the Gent. Mag. 
 
 Gaitskell, Wm., Surgeon. Med. and Chem. eon. to 
 Med. Facts, 1793; Memoirs Med., 1793, '95, '99. 
 
 Galbraith, Rev. Joseph A., and Rev. Samuel 
 Haughton. 1. Manual of Plane Trigonometry, Lon., 
 1851, 12mo. 2. Manual of Arithmetic, 2d ed., 1855, fp. 
 
 17Q ^ 4fco> In nilj 8y0j Gale pub> (1) Reflections on 
 
 Wall's Defence of Infant Baptism, 2d ed., 1720, 8vo. New 
 ed., 1820, 8vo. Wall responded to Gale : see WALL, WM., 
 D.D. The reader must procure The History of Infant 
 Baptism, together with Gale's Reflections and Wall's De 
 fence. New ed., by the Rev. Henry Cotton, D.C.L., 1836, 
 4 vols. Svo: again, 1844, 4 vols. Svo. 
 
 " Both the works of these learned writers on this subject are 
 worthy of examination on account of the learning and knowledge 
 )f ecclesiastical history which they contain." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 The publication of Gale's work gave him reputation, 
 and it is still perhaps the best work on the subject. 
 
 " Gale and Booth are the principal standard works on the side 
 of the Baptists." BJCKERSTETH. 
 
 2. Serms. on several occasions, 2d ed., 1726, 4 vols. Svo. 
 '' He was considered to be one of the ablest ministers of his time 
 among the general Baptists. The congregation to which Dr. Gale 
 preached is said to have been numerous and respectable; his voice 
 was clear and melodious, his style easy and strong, his method 
 exact, his reasoning convincing." Bogue and Bennett's Hist, of the 
 Dissenters. 
 
 See his serms. highly commended in the Lon. Theolog. 
 Mag.; also refer to Life prefixed to his Works; Biog. Brit.; 
 Nichols's Atterbury Corresp.; Crosb3 r 's Hist, of the Baptists. 
 Gale, Levin. A List of Eng. Statutes supposed to be 
 applicable to the several States of the Union, Svo. 
 
 Gale, Roger, 1672-1744, a son of the learned Thomas 
 Gale, D.D., educated at, and Fellow of, Trin. Coll., Camb., 
 represented Northallerton in three parliaments, was Com 
 missioner of Excise, and the first Vice-President of the An 
 tiquarian Society. 1. The Knowledge of Medals, from the 
 French of Jobert, Lon., 1697, 1715, Svo. 2. Antonini Iter 
 Britanniarum Commentariis illustratum, 1709, 4to. 3. Re- 
 gistrum Honoris de Richmond, ex libro Domesday, 1722, 
 fol. 4. Antiquarian con. to Phil. Trans., 1718, '23, '36, '45 ; 
 to Arcbseol., vol. ii. p. 25; to Leland's Itinerary, vol. vi. 
 p. 93. See Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes ; Bibl. Top. Brit., No. 2. 
 Gale, S., of Charleston, South Carolina. Four Essays 
 on the Nature and Principles of Public Credit, Lon., 1784, 
 '85, '86, Svo. See an interesting article on the English 
 Sinking Fund " the grossest delusion, certainly, by which 
 any civilized people was ever blinded and deceived" in 
 McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 334-36. 
 
 Gale, Samuel, 1682-1754, a brother of Roger Gale, 
 was one of the revivers of the Antiquarian Society in 
 1717, and the first treasurer. 1. Hist, and Antiq. of Win 
 chester Cathedral, begun by the Right Hon. Henry, Earl 
 of Clarendon, and continued to this time, Lon., 1715, Svo. 
 2. Antiquarian con. to Archaeol., 1770, and in the Bibl. Top. 
 Brit. 
 
 Gale, Theophilus, 1628-1678, a learned Noncon 
 formist, a native of Devonshire, educated at, and Fellow 
 of, Magdalen Coll., Oxf., settled at Winchester, and became 
 a popular preacher. Refusing to conform at the Restora 
 tion, he was ejected from his fellowship, travelled as tutor 
 with the two sons of Lord Wharton, and on his return be 
 came assistant and subsequently successor to Mr. John 
 Rowe, who had a congregation at Holborn. He bequeathed 
 his library to the promotion of dissenting principles in 
 England. He pub. four Serms.. 1671, '72, '73, '74. The 
 
 647 
 
GAL 
 
 GAL 
 
 trne idea of Jansenism, 1669, Svo; a biog. notice of T. ' 
 Tregasse, 1671; Idese Theologiaj, 1673, STO; Philosophia 
 Generalis, 1676, 12mo; and The Court of the Gentiles; or, i 
 a Discourse touching the Original of Human Literature, 
 both Philologic and Philosophic, from the Scriptures and 
 Jewish Church, Ac, In 4 Pts., but pub. in 5 vols., vis. 
 VoL L, PL 1, of Philologie, Books 1, 2, 3, 2d ed., revised j 
 and enlarged, Oxf., 1672, 4to. VoL iL, Pt 2, of Barbaric | 
 and Grecanic Philosophic, Books 1, 2, 3, 4, 2d ed., enlarged, 
 Lon., 1676, 4to. VoL iiL, Pt 3, The Vanity of Pagan Phi- j 
 losophie demonstrated, Books 1, 2, 1677, 4to. VoL iv., Pt 
 4, of Reformed Philosophic, Books 1, 2, 1677, 4to. VoL T., 
 Pt 4 continued, of Reformed Philosophic, Book 3, 1682, 
 4to. It is this List part, treating of divine Predetermina 
 tion, Book 3 of Pt 4, which is so often wanting. The 1st 
 eds. of the 5 Pts. were pub. 166977. This great work 
 occupied the author for more than twenty years. It had a 
 narrow escape from destruction by fire. See Athen. Oxon. 
 They [the various parts of which the work is composed] shew 
 the author to hare been well read in. and conversant with, the 
 writings of the fathers, the old philosophers, and those that have 
 given any account of them or their works : as also to have been a 
 good metaphysician and school-divine." Athen. Oxen. 
 
 " This learned and elaborate work, after falling for a time into 
 obscurity, is now in great repute. The leading object of it is, to 
 trace all human learning, philosophy, and religion, to the ancient 
 Scriptures and the Jewish church. Gale certainly carries his ideas 
 too far : but he must be very prejudiced or stupid who does not see 
 that the substance of his argument is made out The style of the 
 work Is clumsy and verbose, the numerous quotations render it 
 irksome to read, and the reasonings are, in some places, obscure 
 and metaphysical ; but it is a work of real merit and learning, and 
 will repay a careful examination to those who are partial to the 
 kind of subjects which it discusses." OrmSt BM. Bib. 
 
 "Our countryman Gale is for deriving all arts and sciences, 
 without exception, from the Jews. Who would not think the man 
 was bantering us, had he not given so sad a proof of his being in 
 earnest, as the writing three bulky volumes in support of these 
 wonderful discoveries ?^ BISHOP WARBCRTOX. 
 
 "I believe that Jacob Bryant, when writing his Ancient System 
 of Mythology, was much aided by Gale's Court of the Gentiles." 
 Da. PARR. 
 
 " This learned work contains a vast body of information on Pa 
 gan Philosophy, and the light obtained by the ancients from the 
 Scriptures." Bickcrsteth'* Chrit. Stu. 
 
 Bickersteth also commends Gale's Discourse concerning 
 Christ's Second Coming, 1673, 8vo ; new ed., 1839, 18mo, as 
 "A very practical and useful work." 
 
 We do not forget that the Ars Sciendi, 1682, 8vo, is as 
 cribed to Gale by Wood, but Calamy expressly denies it 
 to be his. He left in MS. an unfinished lexicon and con 
 cordance (in one) of the Greek Test, proposals for publish 
 ing which he issued in 1678. Why does not some enter 
 prising bookseller republish the Court of the Gentiles ? It 
 is now rarely to be met with complete, and is worth not 
 much less than 3. See authorities cited above; also 
 Biog. Brit, and Brackets Hist of Philos. 
 
 Gale, Thomas, b. 1507, an eminent English sur 
 geon, served in the army, and subsequently settled in 
 London, where he acquired great reputation for profes 
 sional skill. 1. Treatise of Gun-shot Wounds, Lon., 1563, 
 8vo. 2. Enchiridion of Chirurgerie, 1563, 8vo. 3. Trea 
 tise of Gun-shot Wounds, Institution of a Chirurgeon, 
 Enchiridion of Surgery, and Antidotaire ; all four printed 
 together, 1563, '86, 4to. 4. Certain Works of Galen, in 
 English, 1586, 4to. 5. Whole Works of John Vigo, Ac., 
 1586, 4to. 
 
 " It cannot be supposed that any of these are now of much value, 
 but some of them contain curious information respecting the 
 state of the profession at that time." See Tanners BibL ; Aikin's 
 Biog. Mem. of Med. 
 
 Gale, Thomas, D.D., 1636-1702, father of Roger 
 and Samuel Gale, one of the most eminent of English 
 classical scholars, a native of Yorkshire, waa educated at 
 Westminster school and Trin. Coll., Camb., of which he 
 became Fellow; Regius Prof, of Greek, 1666; Head Mas 
 ter of 8t Paul's School, London, 1672 ; Preb. of St Paul's, 
 1676 ; Dean of York, 1697. He pub. Opuscula Mytho- 
 logica, Ethica, et Physica, Gr. et Lat, 8vo; Historic 
 Poeticae Scriptores antiqui,8vo; Rhetores Selecti, Svo; 
 Jambhchus de Mysteriis; Psalterium juxta Exemplar 
 Alexandrinum ; Herodoti Historiarum; Ciceronis Opera; 
 Hiatoriae Anglicanae Scriptores, foL; Hiatorise Britan- 
 nicae Saxonic Anglo-Danicae Scriptores XV., accessit 
 rerum et Verborum Index Locupletissimus, foL ; contains 
 Gildas, Eddius, Nennius, Asser, Ralph Higden, Polychro- 
 nicon, Guil. Malmsburiensis, Jo. Wallingford, Fordunus, 
 Alcuinis, et aliorum. 
 
 There were pub. after his death from his MSS. a voL 
 of serms. on the Holy Days of the Ch. of England, 1704, 
 8vo, and Antonini Itinerarium Britanniae, pub. by his son, 
 1709, 4~to. This is a good edit A Discourse of Dr. Gale's 
 
 on the Original of Human Literature, with Philology and 
 Philosophy, will be found in Phil. Trans., vol. vi. The 
 portion of the Rerum Anglicarum Scriptores veteres, edited 
 by him, is not thought to be equal to that edited by Win. 
 Fnlman : see the name. See Biog. Brit. ; Knight's Life 
 of Colet; Nichols's Lit. Anec. 
 
 "The reason why I troubled you with the question to Mr. Gale 
 was, to know if there were such things preserved as Dean Gale's 
 collated booths. Ac., whi-h I was sensible did not come down witb 
 his MSS. And if they were, secondly, to know how to get at them 
 for there is one or two that I should be glad to consult." Dr 
 Taylor to Dr. Ducarel, Nov. 23, 1750 : Xichotfs Lit. Anec. 
 
 Galfredns Monumetensis. Anglict, GEOFFREY 
 OF MOXMOCTH, q. v. 
 
 Galiffe, James A. Italy and its Inhabitants : Ac 
 count of a Tour, 1816-17, Lon., 1820, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Galindo, Mrs. Lett to Mrs. Siddons, 1809, 8vo. 
 
 Galindns, Fortunius. Discourse of the Reasons 
 why the Jesuits are so generally hated, Lon., 1659, 8vo. 
 
 Gall, James. 1. The End and Essence of Sabbath- 
 school Teaching and Family Religious Instruction, Lon., 
 1829, 12mo. 
 
 "Gall's system of instruction will amply repay attention." 
 Bickersteth's Chris. Stu. 
 
 2. Gosp. of St. John for the Blind, 4to. 3. Philos. of 
 Education, 12mo. 4-7. Help to the Acts ; the Gospels ; 
 Life of Christ ; St. Luke's GospeL 
 
 Gall, Richard, 1776-1801, a printer of Edinburgh, 
 gained considerable reputation as a poet. His best known 
 songs are My only Jo and Dearie 0, the Farewell to Ayr 
 shire, There's waefu' news in yon town, As I came through 
 Glendochart Vale, The Braes o* Drumlie, I winna gang 
 back to my Minny again, and Peggy wi' the gowden hair. 
 The poem of Arthur's Seat has also been highly com 
 mended. A vol. of his Poems and Songs, with a Memoir, 
 was pub. after his death, Edin., 12mo. 
 
 " The poem entitled Arthur's Seat displays, in many passages, 
 the fervid feeling and buoyant fancy of a true poet ; and of the 
 songs, it is far higher praise than any criticism of ours can be* 
 stow, to mention, that some of them have been commonly mis 
 taken for genuine effusions of Burns, and that others have long 
 ago obtained in Scotland that extensive and settled popularity 
 which forms the surest test of the author's adherence to truth and 
 nature. A tender simplicity characterizes all his lyrical effusions." 
 Edin. Mag. and Lit. Mitcett. 
 
 "Gall must henceforth stand on the list next to Burns, and by 
 the side of Ramsay, Fergusson, Bruce, and Macneill. It is in his 
 songs and short effusions that Gall's name is destined to live. 
 There is nothing better or sweeter in the Scottish language than 
 some of these : and whenever Gall's songs are set to appropriate 
 airs, it is easy, without the spirit of prophecy, to foretell their 
 popularity. My only Joe and Dearie O, and the Farewell to Ayr- 
 *fttre, are known to every lover of modern Scottish song." Scotsman. 
 
 " I remember when this song [My only Jo and Dearie 0] was ex 
 ceedingly popular; its sweetness and ease, rather than its origi 
 nality and vigour, might be the cause of its success. The third 
 verse contains a very beautiful picture of early attachment a 
 sunny bank, and some sweet soft school-girl will appear to many 
 a fancy when these lines are sung." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM. 
 
 Gallagher, Matthew, printer, Trinidad. Letters 
 and Documents rel. to the Impris. and Discharge of the 
 Author, Trinidad, 1810, 12mo. 
 
 Gallagher, William D., b. in Philadelphia in 1808, 
 removed to Cincinnati in 1816, and in his seventeenth 
 year entered the printing-office of a newspaper of that 
 city. There his literary talents soon attracted attention, 
 although the young author preserved his incognito for a 
 number of years; and in 1830 Mr. Gallagher formed a 
 connection with the Backwoodsman, a political journal 
 pub. at Xenia, Ohio. In 1831 he became editor of The 
 Cincinnati Mirror; in 1836 of The Western Literary Jour 
 nal and Monthly Review, and in 1837 of The Western 
 Monthly Magazine and Literary Journal. He has since 
 been engaged in the management of several periodicals. 
 When Mr. Corwin became Secretary of the Treasury in 
 1849, he appointed Mr. Gallagher his confidential clerk, 
 and he resided in Washington until 1853, when he removed 
 to Louisville, Kentucky, where he was for a brief period 
 one of the editors of the Daily Courier. For further parti 
 culars respecting this laborious son of letters we must 
 refer the reader to the source for which we are indebted 
 to the above facts Griswold's Poets and Poetry of Ame 
 rica. 
 
 Mr. Gallagher is the author of many poems, some of 
 which have elicited enthusiastic commendation. He has 
 pub. three small vols. of his juvenile poetical composi 
 tions, under the title of Errato, 1835-37, and a vol., in 
 1846, of the productions of maturer years. Some of his 
 pieces will be found in Selections from the Poetical Litera 
 ture of the West, Cincinnati, 1841. 
 
 " The poems of Mr. Gallagher are numerous, various, and of very 
 unequal merit. Some are exquisitely modulated, and in every 
 respect finished with excellent judgment, while others are in- 
 
GAL 
 
 GAL 
 
 harmonious, inelegant and betray unmistakeable signs of caralessv 
 ness. His most unstudied performances, however, are apt to be 
 forcible and picturesque, fragrant with the freshness of western 
 woods and fields, and instinct with the aspiring and determined 
 1 ife of the race of western men. The poet of a new country is natu 
 rally of the party of progress : his noblest theme is man, and his 
 highest law. liberty.'' R. W. GRISWOLD, ubi supra. And see 
 Southern Literary Messenger, iv. 452. 
 
 Gallatin, Albeit, 1761-1849, a native of Geneva, 
 emigrated to America in his nineteenth year, and, entering 
 into political life, became, in 1790, a member of the Penn 
 sylvania Legislature ; in 1792, a member of the national 
 House of Representatives : in 1793, U. States Senator; in 
 1801, Secretary of the U. States Treasury ; in 1813, com 
 missioner to Ghent ; subsequently, minister from the U. 
 States to France, the Netherlands, and England, succes 
 sively. He had great natural powers and enlarged erudi 
 tion, and devoted much attention to ethnology, philology, 
 and political economy. He pub. an Indian Vocabulary 
 a subject in which he took a lively and intelligent inte 
 rest .-Views of the Public Debt in 1801 ; Reports and 
 Letters rel. to the U. States Bank, 1810, '11 ; Considera 
 tions on the Currency and Banking System of the U. 
 States, 1831; The R~ight of the U. S. of Amer. to the 
 North-Eastern Boundary claimed by them, 1840, '43 ; 
 some historical and other papers. He died at Astoria, 
 New York, in 1849. Some interesting reminiscences of 
 Gallatin will be found in Judge Story's Life and Letters. 
 
 " He is a most industrious and indefatigable man, and, by the 
 consent of all parties, of accomplished genius and great acquire 
 ments. . . . Let me say he is* truly great statesman. I rank him 
 side by side with Alexander Hamilton. . . . Mr. Gallatin preserved 
 a purity of character that is as valuable in a politician as it is rare. 
 A man of srreat learning, he daily adds weight to his counsels, and 
 glorv to his name." JCDGE STORY, ubi supra. 
 
 See N. Amer. Rev., liL 424-452; Democratic Rev., with 
 portrait, xii. 641 ; Banker's Mag., Boston, iv. 773 ; an in 
 teresting sketch by " Sentinel," originally pub. in the N. 
 York Courier and Inquirer, in the Living Age, Boston, 
 xxiii. 324; Reminiscences of Albert Gallatin, by John 
 Russell Bartlett, N. York, 1849. 
 
 Gallaudet, Rev. Thomas H., LL.D., 1787-1851, 
 a native of Philadelphia, late Principal of the Connecticut 
 Asylum, U. States, for the Education of the Deaf and 
 Dumb. 1. XVL Discourses, Lon., 1818, Svo. 
 
 "Admirable specimens ol composition for the pulpit; equally 
 remote from coldness and enthusiasm ; animated, interesting, and 
 judicious." Lon. Chris. Observer. 
 
 2. Bible Stories for the Young, 1838, 18mo. 
 
 " A series of Scripture Stories for the Young, told in the Authors 
 own winning manner." Sunday-School Teachers Jfag^ OcL 183S. 
 
 3. The Child's Book of the Soul, 3d ed., 1850, ISmo. 
 
 Dr. G. also pub. The Youth's Book of Natural Theo 
 logy, N. York, 1852, a Family and School Dictionary, (in 
 conjunction with Horace Hooker.) Ac. For an account 
 of his Life, Character, and Public Services, see the Dis 
 course so entitled, by H. Barnard, Hartford, 1852, Svo, 
 and Barnard's Tribute to Gallaudet, N. York, 1852. Not 
 only as an author, but also as a most intelligent instructor 
 of the deaf and dumb, Mr. Gallaudet was a man of eminent 
 usefulness. A review of Mr. G.'s senns. will be found in 
 the Christian Monthly Spectator, New Haven, i. 27. See 
 also Life by Rev. H. Humphrey, D.D., N. York, 1857, 12mo. 
 Reviewed in N. Amer. Rev., Oct 1858, by 0. Tiffany. 
 
 Gallaway, Wm. Senns., 1692, '94, '97. 
 
 Galley, George. Live Stock, Lon., 1786, Svo. 
 
 Galliard. The Hymn of Adam and Eve, out of Mil 
 ton, set to music, Lon.! 1728. 
 
 Galliard, Bradshaw. Odes, Lon., 1774, 4to. 
 
 Gallimore, Francis. Serm., 1694, 4to. 
 
 Gallison, John, 1788-1820, a native of Marblehead, 
 Massachusetts, a nephew of Chief Justice Sewall, educated 
 at Cambridge University, practised law for a brief period 
 in his native town, and subsequently removed to Boston, 
 where, for a year or two, he edited the Weekly Messenger. 
 In addition to his excellent Reports, he pub. an Address 
 to the Peace Society, 1820, Ac. Reports of Cases in Cir. 
 Ct U. States, 1st Cir., 1812-15; vol. i., 1815: vol. ii., 1817. 
 2d ed., with addit Notes and References, Boston, 1S45, 2 
 vols. Svo. Of the judgments of Mr. Justice Story during 
 his circuits in 1812 and 1S13, (see vol. i.,) only four were 
 reversed by the Supreme Court; and of the judgments re 
 corded in vol. i., no one was reversed. The leading cases 
 in vol. i. are, The Rapid, The Grotius, The Julia, The Alli 
 gator, and U. S. c. Wonson, all involving questions in Ad 
 miralty and Prize Law, as do most of the cases in this vol. 
 The leading cases in vol. ii. are, Maissonnaire r. Keating, 
 The Invincible, The Jerusalem, and the celebrated case of 
 De Lovio p. Boit 
 
 " I should omit doing justice to my own feelings, as well as to 
 the cause of truth, if I were not to select the decisions in Gallison's 
 
 and Mason's Reports, as specimens of pre-eminent merit They 
 may fairly be placed upon a level with the best productions of the 
 English Admiralty, for deep and accurate learning, as well as far 
 the highest ability and wisdom in decision. 7 ' 3 Kent, 20; 2: 527. 
 
 Judge Story sent these volumes (1st ed.) to Sir William 
 Scott, who thus acknowledged their receipt : 
 
 " I have received with great pleasure the volumes of Reports, 
 and am very glad to add my testimony to the acufeness and learn 
 ing which are everywhere displayed in them. It is highly gratify 
 ing to us to see the same principles to which we think we owe so 
 much in England, still adhered to in America, and built upon as 
 occasion may require, with equal zeal, but with equal caution in 
 aU the deductions."' So- Wlttiam Scott to Judge Story, London, July 
 2, 1813. The Life and Letters of Joseph Story, L 307. 
 
 From the same interesting work we extract the following 
 anecdote : 
 
 " At an evening club, where Sir James Mackintosh was present 
 with Lord Stowell, (then Sir William Scott) Sir William Grant 
 came in with a book in his pocket, which was no other than a vo 
 lume of the Reports of the excellent and lamented Gallison, and 
 which he drew out rather archly, observing to Sir William Scott, 
 ' This Mr. Story appears to be a promising pupil;' adding, 'Yon 
 must not expect these doctrines of yours to be confined to one 
 belligerent power, but they must make the tour of all the belli 
 gerents.' This was done by Sir William Grant, as Sir James Mack 
 intosh said. ' with malice prepense.' " 
 
 To Gallison's Report of Judge Story's decisions must be 
 added those of WILLIAM P. MASOX, (q. r.,) Boston, 1836, 
 5 vols. Svo, and those of CHARLES SOOTER, (g. r.,) 1851, 
 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 In Judge Story's admirable address upon the Progress 
 of Jurisprudence, delivered before the Members of the 
 Suffolk Bar, Sept 4, 1821, will be found an eloquent tri 
 bute to the virtues of Gallison, who had died in the pre 
 ceding year. We append an extract : 
 
 " I will not dwell upon his distinguished talents and virtues, 
 
 his blameless innocence of life, his elevated piety, his unwearied 
 
 diligence, his extensive learning, his ardent devotion to liter 
 
 ' his active benevolence, exhausting itself in good deeds, and ' 1 
 
 1 ing to find it fame.' You knew" him well, and your sympathies 
 
 i have mingled with the tears and sorrows that embalm his nmnaiaj. 
 
 But I may propose him as an example, polished, if not perfect, of 
 
 that excellence which the studies I have this day ventured to re- 
 
 I commend, are calculated to produce." 
 
 See also The Character of Mr. Gallison, by W. Phillips, 
 ! in the N. Amer. Rev., xii. 424, and a Memoir of Mr. G., in 
 the Christian Disciple, Boston, iii. 15. 
 
 Galloway, Lieut.-Col. On the Law and Constitu 
 tion of India, Lon., Svo. 
 
 Galloway, George. 1. The Admirable Criehton; a 
 Trag., 1802, Svo. 2. The Battle of Luncarty ; a Hist Play, 
 1806. 12mo. 
 
 Galloway, John Cole. 
 Serins., Lon., 1785, Svo. 
 
 Galloway, Joseph, 1730-1 803, a native of England, 
 i became an eminent lawyer in Pennsylvania, was a speaker 
 j of the House of Assembly, and subsequently a member of 
 j the first Congress, 1774. He was opposed to the separa 
 tion of the colonies from Great Britain, joined the British 
 Army, and in 1778 went to England; deserting an estate, 
 according to his statement before the House of Commons 
 in 1779, (pub. Lon., 1779, Svo,) worth more than 40,000. 
 He pub. several tracts respecting the war and its conduct, 
 and some other works. 1. Speech in answer to John Dick 
 inson, Lon. and Phila., 1764, Svo. 2. Candid Examina 
 tion, N. York, 1775, Svo; Lon., 1780, Svo. 3. Letters to a 
 Nobleman, 1779, Svo. 4. Reply to Sir Wm. Howe, 1780, 
 Svo. 5. Cool Thoughts, 1780, Svo. 6. Hist and Polit Re- 
 flee., 1780, Svo. 7. Letter to Lord Howe, 1780. S. Com 
 ment upon the Revelation, Ac., 1802, Svo. 9. Prophet 
 and Anticipated Hist of Rome, 1803, Svo. See Franklin's 
 Works ; Lon. Monthly Rev. ; Sabine's Hist of the Royal 
 ists; Curwen's Jour., edited by Ward; TrumbulTs McFin- 
 gal, Canto III. 
 
 A new ed. of Galloway's Exam., by a Com of the House 
 of Commons, has just made its appearance, Phila., 1855, 
 r. Svo. It is reprinted by the Council of the Seventy-six 
 Society, edited by Thomas Balch, Esq., a lawyer of Phila., 
 to whom the public is also indebted for Letters and Papers 
 relating chiefly to the Provincial Hist of Penna. Pri 
 vately printed, Phila., 1S55, 12mo, and other valuable his 
 torical papers. 
 
 Galloway, Patrick. See GALOWAT. 
 Galloway, Robert. Poems, Glasg., 1788, 12mo. 
 Galloway, Robert. 1. Manual of Quantitative Ana- 
 lysii, Lon., 1S50, p. Svo, 
 
 " This is really a valuable little book. We have not for a long 
 tune met with an introductory Manual whkh so completely fulfils 
 its intention." ion. Athenteum. 
 
 2. The First Step in Chemistry, 1851, p, Svo. 
 
 " We heartily commend this unpretending and useful work to the 
 
 heads of scholastic establishments, and to others who are anxious 
 
 to initiate their pupils into the principles of a most fescinatins: and 
 
 j most useful branch of human knowledge." Zo. Jour, of Medici**. 
 
 1. Serm., 1779, Svo. 2. 17 
 
GAL 
 
 GAM 
 
 Galloway, Win. Brown, Curate of Barnard Castle. 
 1. Philos. and Relig., revised ed., Lon., 1842, 8vo. 2. The 
 Gate of Prophecy, 1846, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Vow of the Gi- 
 leadite; a Lyric Narrative, 1846, fp. 8vo. 
 
 " The fine flowing style in which it is written, and the pure and 
 hallowed feeling which seems to have dictated every line, are quali 
 ties sufficient to ensure for this Poem a lasting reputation." 
 
 4. An Apocalyptic Chart, 1852. 5. The Messiah Theo 
 logically and Practically Contemplated, 1854, 8vo. 
 
 Gallup, James, M.D. Sketches of Epidemic Diseases 
 in the State of Vermont to 1815, 1816, 8vo. 
 
 Gaily, Henry, D.D., 1696-1769, Lecturer of St. Paul's, 
 Covent-Garden, 1721 ; Preb. of Gloucester, 1728. 1. Two 
 Serms., Lon., 1723, 8vo. 2. The Moral Characters of Theo- 
 phrastus, from the Greek, 1725, 8vo. 3. Church and Col 
 lege Fines, 1731, 8vo. In answer to EVERARD FLEETWOOD, 
 j. v. 4. Serm., 1739, 4to. 5. Claudes. Marriages, 1750, '51, 
 8vo. 6. Dissert, ags. pronouncing Greek according to Ac 
 cents, 1754, '55, 8vo. 7. Second Dissert, on do., 1762, 8vo. 
 
 Galoway, or Galloway, Patrick. His Catechisme, 
 Lon., 1588, 8vo. 
 
 Galpine, Calvin. Serms., 1721, Svo; 1722, 4to. 
 
 Galpine, John. Serms., 1703, Svo. 
 
 Galpine, John. A Synoptical Compend of British 
 Botany, Salisb., 1805, 12mo; Lon., 1806, 12mo: Liverp., 
 
 1819, 12mo. New ed., Lon., 1854, 12mo. 
 
 " The most complete book of the kind on so small a scale, in the 
 English language." Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 Gait, John, 1779-1839, a native of Ayrshire, educated 
 at Greenock, proving unfortunate in trade in London, com 
 menced the study of the law, which he soon forsook for 
 letters. He acted for some time as agent to a company for 
 establishing emigrants in Canada, (see his novel of Lawrie 
 Todd,) but quarrelled with the Government, and was sus 
 pended by the Canada Company. After his return to Eng 
 land he supported himself by the labours of a most prolific 
 pen. 
 
 The following list of works, many of them in two and 
 three vols. each, exhibits a life of great literary industry. 
 1. Four Tragedies, viz. : Maddalen, Agamemnon, Lady 
 Macbeth, Antonio and Clytemnestra. Severely criticized 
 in the Lon. Quar. Rev., xi. 33-41. 2. Voyages and Travels 
 in 1809, '10, '11. 3. Life of Wolsey, 1812. Severely cri 
 ticized in the Lon. Quar. Rev., viii. 163-172. 4. Reflec. on 
 Polit. and Commercial Subjects. 5. Letters from the Le 
 vant, 1813. 6. Life and Studies of Benj. West, 1816, and 
 Pt, 2. 7. The Majolo, 1816. 8. Pictures from Eng., Scotch, 
 and Irish Hist. 9. The Wandering Jew. 10. Andrew of 
 Padua. 11. The Earthquake. 12. The Ayrshire Legatees, 
 
 1820. 13. The Annals of the Parish, 1821. Highly com 
 mended by Sir Walter Scott; see his Life. 14. Sir An 
 drew Wylie. 15. The Entail. 16. The Steam-Boat. 17. 
 The Provost : thought by Gait to be his best novel. 18. 
 Ringan Gilhaize. 19. The Spaewife. 20. Rothelan. 
 21. The Last of the Lairds. 22. Lawrie Todd. 23. South- 
 ennan. 24. Guide to the Canadas, by A. Picken. 25. The 
 Omen, 1824. 26. Eben Erskine. 27. Glenfell. 28. Lives 
 of the Players. 29. The Bachelor's Wife. 30. Rocking- 
 Horse. 31. Gathering of the West. 32. Poems. 33. The 
 Member. 34. The Radical. 35. Stories of the Study. 
 36. Apotheosis of Sir Walter Scott. 37. New British 
 Theatre. 38. Memoirs of George the Third. 39. Life of 
 Lord Byron, 1830. 40. Bogle Corbet, 1831. 41. Stanley 
 Buxton, 1832. 42. The Stolen Child, 1833. 43. Autobio 
 graphy of John Gait, 1833. 44. Literary Life and Mis 
 cellanies, 1834. Mr. Gait also edited an edit, of Henry 
 Mackenzie's Works, and engaged in other literary labours. 
 
 In addition to the authorities cited above, see Lon. 
 Quar. Rev., vii. 297, xxvi. 364; Ed. Rev., xxiii. 40; 
 Westm. Rev., xii. 405, xiii. 345, xvi. 321, xvii. 182; Fra- 
 ser's Mag., i. 236, ii. 555 ; Lon. Month. Rev., cxxxii. 249; 
 Lon. Gent. Mag., July, 1839, 92-94; N. Amer. Rev., by 
 Willard Phillips, xxxi. 380; Life of the Rev. Sydney 
 Smith, vol. ii. ; Madden's Life of the Countess of Bless- 
 ington ; Mrs. Thompson's Recollec. of Lit. Characters, etc. 
 
 " There is a thorough quaintness of phrase and dialogue in Mr. 
 Gait s hest works, which places him apart from all other Scotch 
 novelists; much knowledge of life, variety of character, liveliness 
 and humour, are displayed in these novels, and render them justly 
 popular. This humour and truth were recognised as admirable 
 by Sir Walter Scott. The public will not soon forget his Ayrshire 
 Legatees, his Annals of the Parish, nor the Entail ; which last 
 we think one of his best novels. Mr. Gait's biographies, and 
 many of his other later works, manufactured for the booksellers. 
 are of a very different character." Lon. Gent. Mag., July, 1839, 
 
 " According to our j udgment, he has never written better than 
 second-rate books ; though we have ever found, in what we consi 
 dered his worst pieces, something of his best self, and something 
 which carried us through the whole, at the same time leaving in- 
 
 struction fresh and precise upon our minds. And this is saying a 
 great deal, when we consider the catalogue of his writings. Indeed, 
 his mind is such, that it cannot give out any thing belonging to 
 it, which partakes not of its original nature. Strong, and what is 
 called rough good sense is ever there ; familiar but most expressive 
 thoughts find similar illustrations most readily with him, which 
 we presume could not have been improved by long study. ... He 
 is, besides, strictly a moral as well as remarkably entertaining 
 writer." ion. Month. Rev., vol. xxiv., N. S., 1833, 249-267. 
 
 " He has no classic predilections, and sets up no favourite au 
 thor as a model; he aims at no studied elegance of phrase, cares 
 nothing for formal accuracy of costume, seems not at all solicitous 
 about the dignity of human nature, and thinks chivalry a joke. 
 He leaves all these matters to take care of themselves, and sets to 
 work to read us a chapter of living life, like one sure of securing 
 listeners." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM : Biog. and Grit. Hist, of the 
 Lit. of the last Fifty Years. 
 
 Gait, Matthew. Serms., 1807, Svo. 
 
 Gallon. Conformity required by Law, 1705, 8vo. 
 
 Galton, S. T. Chart of Notes, Bullion, <fec., Lon., 
 1813, Svo. 
 
 Galton, Saml. On Canal Levels, in Thorn. Ann. 
 Philos., 1817. 
 
 Gam, David. Adminis. of Wm. Pitt, Lon., 1797, Svo. 
 
 Gamage, Wm. Linsi-Woolsie; or, two Centuries 
 of Epigrammes, Oxf., 1613, 12mo. 
 
 " Another title-page bears the date of 1621 ; but it is rather un 
 likely that such trash should go through a second impression." 
 Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Surely much " trash" has gone through many " impres 
 sions." 
 
 Gamage, Wm., M.D., of Boston, Mass., d. 1818, 
 aged 37. He pub. several articles in the N. E. Jour, of 
 Med., and some account of the fever of 1817-18, with some 
 remarks on typhus. 
 
 Gambado, Geoffrey. See BUNBURY, HENRY. 
 
 Gambier, Sir E. J. Parochial Settlement, 2d ed. 
 by J. Greenwood, Lon., 1835, 12ino. 
 
 Gambier, Rev. Jas. Ed. Introduc. to the Study of 
 Moral Evidences, Lon., 1806, '08, '10, Svo. 
 
 " A work of sound interesting argument." BickersteWs Chris. 
 Stu. 
 
 Gamble, Rev. H. J. 1. Scripture Baptism, Lon., 
 1850, 12mo. 2. Paul the Apostle, 1851, 12mo. 
 
 " The hook is well adapted under the Divine blessing to create 
 and foster a healthy and manly piety." Lon. Christian Times. 
 
 Gamble, John. Songs and Dialogues by Tho. 
 Stanley, set to Musick, Lon., 1657, fol. 
 
 Gamble, John. 1. Communication by Signals, Lon., 
 1797, 4to. 2. Dublin and the N. of Ireland in 1810, '11, 
 Svo; do. in 1812, '13, Svo. 
 
 " Always agreeable and often edifying." ion. Grit. Rev., 1813. 
 
 "Of a very ordinary description low scenes and low humour 
 making up the principal part of the narrative." REV. SYDNEY 
 SMITH : Win. Rev., 1820. 
 
 3. Sarsfield ; a Tale, 1814, 3 vols. 12mo. 4. Howard ; a 
 Nov., 1815, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Gambeld, W. Welsh Grammar, Carm., 1727, Svo. 
 
 Gambold, John, d. 1771, a bishop among the Unitas 
 Fratrum, or Moravian Brethren, was a native of South 
 Wales, and educated at Christ Church, Oxford. He was 
 for some time a clergyman of the Church of England. He 
 pub. an ed. of the Greek Test., a number of Discourses, 
 poems, hymns, a tragedy, Ac. He was professedly the 
 editor, and was one of the principal translators from the 
 High Dutch, of Crantz's History of Greenland, 1767, 2 vols. 
 Svo; with continuation, 1820, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " As to Greenland, (making mention of Torfams hereafter,) may 
 I not rest satisfied with the exclusive recommendation of the 
 translation (by the pious and learned Gambold) from the high 
 Dutch of old Crautz in 1767, 2 vols. Svo, with cuts worth about 
 18s. 8d."I>ibdin J s Lib. Comp. 
 
 Works, with Life, Bath, 1789, 8vo. New ed., with Essay 
 by Thomas Erskine, Esq., Advocate, Glasg., 1822, 12mo. 
 
 "It is impossible to read Gambold's works without being con 
 vinced that he en joyed much communion with God, and was much 
 conversant with heavenly things, and that hence he had imbibed 
 much of the spirit, and caught much of the tone, of the glorified 
 church above." 
 
 " The specimens you have presented of his writings give me a 
 high opinion of his genius, and there are occasional flashes in his 
 poetry of great brilliancy and power. The ' Mystery of Life' con 
 tains some exquisite touches, and cannot but recall to every man 
 who has indulged in musings beyond this sublunary sceue some 
 of those thoughts which have passed before him in an unearthly 
 form, as he has communed with his own soul." Judge Joseph 
 Story to Rev. John Brazer, Nov. 10, 1836. Story's Life and Letters, 
 ii. 239. See Nichols's Lit. Anec. 
 
 Gammell, William, b. 1812, at Medfield, Mass., is 
 a son of Rev. William Gammell, who was settled at New 
 port, R. I. The subject of this notice graduated at Brown 
 University, Providence, R. I., in 1831, was appointed 
 Professor of Rhetoric in that University in 1836, and in 
 1850 was transferred to the chair of History and Poli 
 tical Economy, which he still occupies, (1858.) 1. Life of 
 
GAM 
 
 GAR 
 
 Koger Williams, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 2d series, vol. iv., 
 and afterwards in a separate vol. See this reviewed in 
 N. Amer. Rev., Ixi. 1-20. 2. Life of Samuel Ward, Go 
 vernor of Rhode Island, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 2d se 
 ries, vol. iv. 3. Hist, of the Amer. Baptist Missions, 
 Boston, 12mo. 
 
 Extract from the Certificate of Rev. Drs. Cone, Sharp, 
 and Chase, Committee appointed by the Missionary Union 
 to examine the Work : 
 
 "The undersigned having been requested by the Executive 
 Committee of the Missionary Union to read, in manuscript, Prof. 
 Gammell's History of American Baptist Missions, are happy to 
 state that, in our opinion, the work is well adapted to accomplish 
 the important purposes for which it was written. Such a history 
 we think to be much needed, and worthy of being read by all. It 
 exhibits gratifying evidence of research, fidelity and skill. It sets 
 before the reader, in a lucid manner, facts that should never be 
 forgotten. Some of them in power to awaken attention and touch 
 the heart, could scarcely be surpassed by fiction." 
 
 And see a review of this work in N. Amer. Rev., Ixx. 
 57-78. Mr. Gainmell has also pub. several discourses, 
 &c., and contributed many articles to Reviews, especially 
 to the Christian Review, Boston, of which he was for three 
 or four years associate editor. 
 
 Games, John. Gardening, 1724, 4to. 
 
 Gammon, John. Discourse, 1738, 12mo. 
 
 Gamon, Hannibal. Serm., Lon., 1629, 4to. 
 
 Gander,Gregory,Knt. Poet.Tales,Bath,1779,sm.4to. 
 
 Gander, Joseph. 1. Fishery, Lon., 1699, 8vo. 2. R. 
 Navy, 1703, 4to. 3. Q. Anne's Sovereignty of the Sea as 
 serted, 1703, 4to. 
 
 Gandolphy, Peter, 1760 P-1821, a R. Cath. priest. 
 1. The Ancient Faith, Lon., 1812, 8vo. 2. Liturgy, 1812, 
 8vo. 3, 4. Letters to H. Marsh, D.D., 1812, '13, 8vo. 5. 
 Serms., 1813, 8vo. 6. Serin., 1813, 4to. The works of this 
 writer are highly esteemed by many members of his 
 church. . 
 
 Gandon, James, 1760-1824, an architect, edited the 
 Vitruvius Britannicus, 3 vols. fol., <fcc. See his Life, with 
 notices of contemp. artists, Lon., 1847, 8vo. 
 
 Gandy, Henry. Govt. of England, Lon., 1705, 8vo. 
 
 Gandy, Henry. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1709-12. 
 
 Gandy, Joseph. 1. Designs for Cottages, <fcc., Lon., 
 1805, 4to. 2. Rural Architect, 1806, 4to. 
 
 Gane, John. Serm., 1728, 8vo. 
 
 Ganly, T. J. Trans, of M. Girard's Treatise on the 
 Teeth of the Horse, Lon. 
 
 "The above useful treatise is calculated to be of considerable 
 service in the present state of our knowledge. We recommend the 
 work to the Amateur, the Practitioner, and the Veterinary Stu 
 dent." Lon. Lancet. 
 
 Gannett, Rev. Caleb, 1745-1818. Observ. on an 
 Eclipse ; Aurora Borealis ; Trans. Amer. Acad., vols. i. and ii. 
 
 Gano, Rev. John, d. 1804, aged 77. Mem. of his 
 Life, 1806, 12mo. 
 
 Gapper, E. P. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1805. 
 
 Gar., Bar. See GARTER, BARNARD. 
 
 Garbett, James, Archdeacon of Chichester, Prof, 
 of Poetry, Oxford. 1. Christ as Prophet, Priest and King ; 
 8 Lects. at Bainpton Lect., 1842, Lon., 1842, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " An able, learned, and valuable publication, the fruits of many 
 years' study and reflection." Lon. Chris. Observ. 
 
 2. Parochial Serms., 1843, '44, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. Review 
 of Dr. Pusey's serin., and the doctrine of the Eucharist, 
 1843, 8vo. 4. De Re Poetica Prselectiones Academics, 
 
 1846. 5. De Re Critica Prselectiones Academics, ,1847. 
 6. Christ on Earth, in Heaven, and on the Judgment-Seat, 
 
 1847, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " No one can read these volumes without great delight and pro 
 fit." ion. Chris. Observ. 
 
 7. The Beatitudes of the Mount, in 17 Serms., 1853, p. 8vo. 
 
 "As a poet, a scholar, a theologian, and a Christian, Archdeacon 
 Garbett is more than usually qualified for such a task as that 
 which he has here imposed on himself. His rich and flowing style 
 is well adapted to the grandeur and beauty of his subject, and we 
 frequently meet with passages of great and philosophical depth, as 
 well as great oratorical powers." Ch. of Eng. Quar. Rev. 
 
 Prof. Garbett has also pub. a number of occasional 
 serms., letters, <fec., 1843-53. 
 
 Garbutt, Richard. Theolog. treatises, 1669, '75, '99. 
 
 Garde, Richard. 1. Law of Evidence, Lon., 1830, 
 12mo. 2. Rules of Pleading, 2d ed., 1841, 8vo. 
 
 Garden, Alex. Scottish Kings, Edin., 1709, 4to. 
 
 Garden, Alex., 1685-1756, a clergyman of the Epis 
 copal Church, resided many years in Charleston, S. C. 
 1. Six Lett, to Whitefield, 1740. 2. Justification. 3. Two 
 Serms., 1742. 
 
 Garden, Alex., M.D., 1730-1791, a native of Edin 
 burgh, resided in Charleston, S. C., 1750-83. 1. Med. 
 properties of the Virginia Pink Root, 1764, '72. 2. Con. 
 to Ess. Phys. and Lit., 1771. 3. To Phil. Trans., 1775. 
 
 See Ramsay's Biog. Sketches, in his Hist, of S. Carolina, 
 vol. ii. 
 
 Garden, Charles, D.D. An Improved Version at 
 tempted of the Book of Job, Lon., 1796, 8vo. 
 
 " It is not, I have reason to think, a book of any importance." 
 Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " A book of great pretensions, but indifferent execution. See an 
 analysis of it in the British Critic, 0. S., vol. ix., pp. 168-175." 
 Howe's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Garden, Francis, Lord Gardenstone, 1721-1793, a 
 Scottish Judge. 1. Travelling Memoranda, Lon., 1792-95, 
 3 vols. 12mo. 2. Miscellanies in Prose and Verse, Edin., 
 1791, 12mo. 3. Lett, to the Inhabitants of Laurencekirk. 
 
 " Containing much salutary advice." Bibl. Brit. 
 
 See Sinclair's Statis. Reports j Life prefixed to the last 
 vol. of his Memoranda; Encyc. Brit. 
 
 Garden, Francis. 1. Vindic. of the Scot. Episcopate, 
 Edin., 1847, 8vo. 2. Discourses on Heavenly Knowledge 
 and Heavenly Love, 1848, 8vo. 3. Lectures on the Beati 
 tudes, 1853, 12mo. 4. Four Serms. on the Present Crisis, 
 1854, 12mo. 
 
 Garden, George, M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans, on nat. 
 philos., <fcc., 1677-96. 
 
 Garden, James, D.D., Prof, of Theol., King's Coll., 
 Aberd. Circular Monuments in Scotl. ; in Archaeol., 1776. 
 
 Garden, James. Hist, of Henry III., last of the 
 House of Valois, K. of France, Lon., 1783, 8vo. 
 
 Gardener, Thomas. Art of Embalming, 4to. 
 
 Gardenor, Win. 1. Articled Clerk's Assist, Lon., 
 1839, 12mo. 2. Direc. for Drawing Abstracts of Title, 2d 
 ed., 1847, 12mo. 
 
 Gardenstone, Lord. See GARDEN, FRANCIS. 
 
 Gardiner, Capt. A. F., "the Patagonian martyr." 
 1. Missionary Journey to the Zoolu Country in 1835, Lon., 
 1836, 8vo. 2. Visit to Indians on the Frontiers of Chili, 
 1841, p. 8vo. 3. A Voice from South America, 1847, 12mo. 
 
 Gardiner, Edmund. Trial of Tobacco; expressing 
 its uses in Physic, Lon., 1610, 4to. 
 
 Gardiner, J. Excur. from London to Dover, with 
 acct. of Manufactures, <fec., Lon., 1806, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Gardiner, James, Bishop of Lincoln. 1. Serm., 
 Lon., 1695, 4to. 2. Advice, 1697, 4to. 3. Serm., 1701, 4to. 
 
 Gardiner, James. Serms., 1696-1713. 
 
 Gardiner, James, Sub-Dean of Line. 1. Serm., Lon., 
 1713, 8vo. 2. Expos, of the Serm. on the Mount, 1720. 8vo. 
 
 Gardiner, John. Circ. of the Blood, 1700, '02, 4to. 
 
 Gardiner, John. Serm., 1752, 4to. 
 
 Gardiner, John, M.D. 1. Animal (Economy, Edin., 
 1784, 8vo. 2. Gout, Ac., 1793, 8vo. 3. Essays, 1803, '04, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 4. Con. to Ess. Phys. and Lit, 1771. 
 
 Gardiner, John, D.D., Rector of Brailsford, and Vi 
 car of Shirley, Derbyshire, pub. a number of occasional 
 serms., 1793-1811, and a vol. of serms. preached at Bath, 
 1802, 8vo. 
 
 " A volume by Dr. Gardiner, the eloquent preacher of Bath, dis 
 plays an union of Argument and Eloquence not often met with 
 in English Sermons." CLAPHAM. 
 
 " We perceive that he is an admirer and imitator of the French 
 Divines: his work, therefore, partakes of some of their imperfec 
 tions, but has also many of their excellencies." Lon. Chris. Observ. 
 
 Gardiner, John Smallman. The Art and Pleasure 
 of Hare Hunting, Lon., 1750, 8vo. An extended ed. of 
 this pamphlet was pub. by Wm. Blake, 1781, '88, 8vo. 
 
 Gardiner, John Sylvester John, D.D., 1765-1830, 
 an Episcopal minister, Rector of Trinity Church, Boston, 
 Mass., was a native of South Wales. He died at Harrow- 
 gate, England, where he was residing on account of his 
 health. He pub. a number of serms. and theolog. treatises, 
 1802-13. See Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. and autho 
 rities there cited. 
 
 Gardiner, Ralph. England's Grievance discovered 
 in rel. to the Coal Trade, Lon., 1655, 4to. 
 
 Gardiner, Richard, 1591-1670, Canon of Christ Ch., 
 1629 ; Chaplain to Charles I., 1630. 1. Occas. Serms., 1622- 
 75. 2. Specimen Oratorium, 1653, '57, '62, '68, '75, 8vo. 
 3. 16 Serms., 1659, 8vo. 
 
 " A quaint preacher and orator." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Gardiner, Richard. Elegy, <fcc., Lon., 1754, fol. 
 
 Gardiner, Capt. Richard. 1. Exped. to the W. 
 Indies, 1759, Birm., 1762, 4to. 2. Siege of Quebec, Lon., 
 1761, 4to. 3. Lett to Sir Harbord, 1778, 8vo. 
 
 Gardiner, or Gardner, Richard. Answer to a Nar 
 ration by Jas. Poole, 1805, 8vo. 
 
 Gardiner, Samuel, D.D. Theolog. treatises, 1597- 
 1611. 
 
 Gardiner, Samuel. Theolog. treatises, 1660-81. 
 
 Gardiner, Samuel. Visit. Serm., 1672, 4to. 
 
 Gardiner, Samuel. Exam, of Pius's Creed, Lon., 
 1689, fol. In Gibson's Preservative, xiv. 242. 
 
GAR 
 
 GAR 
 
 Gardiner, Stephen, 1483-1555, a native of Bury 
 St. Edmund's, educated at Trinity Hall, Camb., became 
 Secretary to Cardinal Wolsey. In 1527, in company with 
 Edward Fox, he visited Rome, and made an ineffectual 
 attempt to persuade the pope to consent to the divorce of 
 Henry VIII. from Queen Catherine. He however aided 
 his royal master in the prosecution of his wicked design, 
 and was made Secretary of State, and in 1531 Bishop of 
 Winchester. Being opposed to the Reformation, he was 
 imprisoned under Edward VI., but restored to his bishopric 
 upon the accession of Queen Mary, and in 1553 made Lord 
 Chancellor and Prime Minister. He used his power for 
 the purposes of persecution, and the Protestants found in j 
 him a most determined foe. He was a man of great learn- [ 
 ing, judgment, and tact, and deeply versed in the know- ! 
 ledge of human nature. 1. De vera Obedientia,Lon., 1534, 
 '35, 4to. In English, by M. Wood, Roan, 1553, 12mo. 
 With Bonner's Pref., Hamb., 1536, 8vo. 2. A Necessary 
 Doctrine of a Christian Man, 1543. 3. Sacrament of the 
 Aulter, 1551, 8vo. He also pub. some tracts rel. to Bucer, 
 Ac., 1544-54. He wrote a number of letters to Smith and 
 Cheke, respecting the proper pronunciation of the Greek 
 tongue. See an account of this controversy in Baker's 
 Reflections on Learning. 
 
 " Roger Ascham, with a courtly address, declares, that though 
 the knights shew themselves better critics, yet Gardiner's letters 
 manifest a superior genius, and were only liable to censure, from 
 his entering further into a dispute of this kind, than was neces 
 sary for a person of his dignity." 
 
 Godwin and Parker say that he died repeating these 
 words : " Erravi cum Petro, et non flevi cum Petro." 
 
 " He was to be traced like the fox; and, like the Hebrew, was to 
 be read backwards." Lloyd's Slate Worthies. 
 
 See Biog. Brit. ; Strype's Cranmer, and also his Annals 
 and Memorials; Burnet; Fox; Collier; Gilpin; Heylin; 
 Dodd. 
 
 Gardiner, W. See GIBBON, EDWARD. 
 
 Gardiner, Wm. Expos, of Two Prophecies, 8vo. 
 
 Gardiner, Wm. Logarithms, Lon., 1752, 4to. 
 
 Gardiner, Wm. The Sultana, in 5 Acts, 1806, '09. 
 
 Gardiner, Wm., is favourably known as the author 
 of Music of Nature, Music and Friends, Sights in Italy, Ac. 
 
 Gardner, Augustus K., M.D., a physician of New 
 York, a son of Samuel Jackson Gardner, (see post,) is the 
 author of Old Wine in New Bottles ; or, Spare Hours of a 
 Student in Paris, N. Y., 1848, 12mo. He has pub. a num 
 ber of med. tracts and essays. 
 
 Gardner, Charles K., U. S. Army. A Dictionary of 
 all officers who have been commissioned, or have been ap 
 pointed and served in the Army of the United States, 1789- 
 1853, with other matter, N. York, 1853, 12mo, pp. 587. 
 This useful work is the result of the labour of four years. 
 
 Gardner, D. Pereira. Medical Chemistry, Lon., 
 1848, p. 8vo; Phila., 1848, Ac., 12mo. Other works. 
 
 Gardner, Edward, M.D. Reflections rel. to Pop., 
 Provisions, Ac., Lon., 1800, 8vo. 2. Inoculation, 1801, 8vo. 
 
 Gardner, George, M.D. Travels in the Interior of 
 Brazil, 1836-41, Lon., 1846, 8vo; 2d ed., 1847. 
 
 into the interior as far to the west as the tributaries of the Amazon, 
 and from near the equator to the 23d degree of south latitude. 
 Some of the regions which he visited have seldom been trod by 
 Europeans never by Englishmen." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 Gardner, J. Student's Guide to the Inner Temple, 
 2d ed.; Lon., 1823, 12mo. 
 
 Gardner, John. Con. to Med. Com., 1777. 
 
 Gardner, John, M.D. Familiar Letters on Chemis 
 try, by Justus Liebig, M.D., edited by J. G v 1st and 2d 
 series, Lon., 1841-45, 2 vols. fp. 8vo. 
 
 "That the public will discover its merits, and that it will find its 
 way into the drawing-room as well as the library, and be equally j 
 prized by the advanced man of science and the student, we ven- j 
 ture to say is certain ; and it must increase the respect entertained ' 
 for chemistry wherever it is read." ion. Chemical Gazette. 
 
 Gardner, L. P. 1. Serm. 2. Education, 1803, 12mo. 
 
 Gardner, Richard. See GARDINER. 
 
 Gardner, Samuel Jackson, b. at Brookline, Mass., 
 1788, a contributor and for some time editor of the Newark 
 Daily Advertiser, has written many essays for periodicals, 
 under the signatures of Decius and other titles. His writ 
 ings have never been collected. See Duyckincks' Cyc. of 
 Amer. Lit. 
 
 Gardner, Thomas. 1. Roads in Eng. and Wales, 
 Lon., 1719, 4to. 2. Hist. Acct of Dunwich, Blithbureh, 
 and Southwold, 1754, 4to. 
 
 Gardner, or Gardiner, W. Poems, Ac., 1813-15. 
 
 Gardner, Wm. Serms., 1726, '45. 
 
 Gardnor, John. 1. Serm., Lon., 1799, 4to. 2. J. G. 
 and R. G., Jr., Views near the Rhine at Aix-la-Chapelle, 
 Ac., 1788, '92, 4to. 
 
 Gardyner, George. Description of America and the 
 people, Lon., 1651, 12mo. 
 
 Garencieres, Theophilus. General Instructions; 
 Divine, Moral, Historical, Ac., York, 1728, 8vo. We pre 
 sume this author to have been: a son of Theophilus De 
 Garencieres, a native of Paris, a physician, first at Caen 
 and afterwards in London, and the author of some medical 
 and other works. See Bibl. Brit. ; Wood's Fasti : Rees's Cyc. 
 
 Garencieres, Theophilus De. See preceding article. 
 
 Garey, Samuel. 1. Serin., Lon., 1615, 4to. 2. Little 
 Calendar; or, Triple Diary, 1618, 4to. 
 
 Garfield, J. Trans, of the Dialogues on Polygamy 
 by Bernardin Ochinus. 
 
 Garioch, George. 1. Serms., Doct. and Prac., Edin., 
 8vo. 2. Association; or, the Progress of Feeling; a Poem 
 in four books, 1839, 12mo. 
 
 " The author has evidently cultivated the spirit of genuine poetry, 
 and with it that of philosophy and true religion." Lon. .Evangel. 
 Mag. 
 
 Garland, Edward. Answer to Richard Coppin's 
 book, called A Blow at the Serpent, Lon., 1657, 4to. 
 
 Garland, H. A., d. 1850. 1. Life of Thomas Jefferson. 
 2. Life of John Randolph of Roanoke, 1850, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 "Remarkable volumes in interest and attraction." Hunt's 
 Merch. Mag. 
 
 Garland, John, or Joannes de Garlandia, who 
 
 flourished about the llth century, is said to have been a 
 native of Garlande en Brie, Normandy, but Bale, Pits, 
 Tanner, and Prince, think that he was born in England. 
 
 1. A Poem on the Contempt of the World, Lyon, 1489, 4to. 
 
 2. Synonyma, Paris, 1490, 4to. 3. Multorum Vocabulorum 
 JEquirocorum, Lon., 1492, 1500, '14, 4to. 4. Floretus; or, 
 Faith, Ac. 5. Facetus; a Poem, Cologne, 1520, 4to. 6. Diet. 
 Artis Achymiae, Basle, 1571, 8vo. 
 
 Garlich, Thomas. Medical treatises, 1719, '41. 
 
 Garlick, Theodatus, M.D., b. 1808, in Middlebury, 
 Conn. Treatise on the Artificial Propagation of Certain 
 Kinds of Fish, N. York, 1857, 8vo. 
 
 Garmston, John. Serms., 1712-27. 
 
 Garmston, Shadrach. Serms., 1716-24. 
 
 Garner, Rev. John, M.D. Serms., med. treatises, 
 Ac., 1760-65. 
 
 Garner, Robert. Theolog. treatises, 1645-1701. 
 
 Garneau, Francis Xavier, b. 1809, in Quebec. 
 1. Histoire du Canada, depuis sa decouverte jusqu'a nos 
 jours, Quebec, 3 vols., 2d ed., 1852. 2. Voyage en An- 
 gleterre et en France dans les annees 1831, '32, '33, Ac. 
 
 Garner, Robert. Nat. Hist., Antiq., Manufac., Ac. 
 of the County of Stafford, Lon., 1844, 8vo. 
 
 "This handsome volume is exactly such a book as a county 
 natural history should be. Staffordshire may now boast of having 
 the best account of its natural features and productions of any 
 county in England." Lon. Athenceum, March 20, 1844. 
 
 Garnet, Henry, 1555-1606, superior of the Jesuits 
 in England, was proved to be privy to the Gunpowder 
 Plot, and executed for high treason. 1. Canisius's Cate 
 chism, trans, from the Latin, Lon., 1590, 8vo; St. Omer's, 
 1622. 2. Treat, of Christian Regeneration or Birth, Lon., 
 1616, 8vo. See a Relation of the Proceedings against him 
 and his Confederates, 1606, 4to. 
 
 Garnett, J. Total Eclipse of the Sun, June 16, 1806, 
 Ac., in Nicholson's Jour., 1808. 
 
 Garnett, John, D.D., d. 1782, aged 75; Bishop of 
 Ferns, 1752; trans, to Clogher, 1758. He pub. serms., 
 Ac., 1740-56, and a Dissert, on the Book of Job, 1749, 
 '54, 4to. 
 
 " Dr. Garnett contends that the book of Job is an allegorical 
 drama, designed to represent the fall and restoration of a captive 
 Jew. and with a view to recommend the virtue of patience. The 
 author he supposes to have been Ezekiel, and the period of its 
 production subsequent to the Babylonish captivity. His hypo 
 thesis is nearly allied to that of Warburton, but differently sup 
 ported." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Garnett, John, Preb. of Winchester. Serms., 1802, 
 '03, 4to. 
 
 Garnett, Thomas, M.D., 1766-1802, pub. several 
 profess, works, and Observ. on a Tour through the High 
 lands and Part of the Western Islands of Scotland, Lon., 
 1800, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 " Agriculture, manufactures, commerce, antiquities, botany, and 
 manners, are treated of, though not in a masterly manner." 
 Stevenson's Voy. and Trav. 
 
 After his death was pub. his Zoonomia, 1804, 4to. He 
 contributed to Med. Com., 1788 ; Trans. Irish Acad., 1794; 
 Memoirs Med., 1795. 
 
 Garnham, Robert E., 1753-1802, a native of Bury 
 St. Edmund's, curate of Newton and Great Welnetham, 
 pub. a number of theolog. letters, reviews, Ac., 1789-94. 
 See Lon. Gent. Mag., 1802. 
 
GAR 
 
 GAR 
 
 Gamier, Thomas, Rector of Trin. Ch., Marylebone. 
 Domestic Duties : Serms., Lon., 1851, 12mo. 
 
 Garnons, John, d. about 1792. Serms., Lon., 1793, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Garrard, Edmund. Intermarriages between the 
 Koyal Lines of Eng. and Spaine, &c., 1624, 4to. 
 
 Garrard, Eliz. Miscell. Prose and Verse, 1800. 
 
 Garrard, George, Descrip. of Oxen in the Brit. 
 Isles, Lon., 1802, ob. fol., with 28 engravings. 
 
 Garrard, Will. The Arte of Warre, corrected and 
 finished by Captaine Hitchcock, 1591, 4to. 
 
 Garrard, Wm. Trigonom. Tables, Lon., 1789, 8vo. 
 2. Lunar Observ., 1799, 4to. 3. Seamen's Preceptor, 
 1802, 8vo. 
 
 Garratt, Samuel, Minister of Trin. Ch., St.-Giles-in- 
 the-Fields. 1. Scripture Symbolism, Lon., 1848, fp. 8vo. 
 2. Dawn of Life, 2d ed., 1849, 12mo. 3. Our Father, 1854, 
 12mo. 
 
 Garratt, W. A. Proceed, in Chancery, Lon., 1837. 
 
 Garrete, Walter. Theolog. treatises, 1680-1703. 
 
 Garrick, David, 1716-1779, the grandson of a 
 Frenchman, and son of Peter Garrick, a captain in the 
 Royal Army, was a native of Hereford. In 1735 he was 
 placed at a school opened in Lichfield by Samuel John 
 son ; and when his master determined to try his fortune in 
 London, the pupil thought that he could do no better than 
 bear him company. The great eminence in their respec 
 tive departments to which the adventurers attained is well 
 known to our readers. After a short experience as a wine- 
 merchant, Garrick indulged a darling passion which had 
 long possessed him, and made his appearance on the stage, 
 where his success was unbounded. For a period of forty 
 years he trod the boards without a rival, and at his death 
 left an estate valued at 140,000. He was equally at 
 home in tragedy or comedy. 
 
 " Every passion of the human breast seemed subjected to his 
 powers of expression ; nay, even time itself appeared to stand still 
 or advance as he would have it. Rage and ridicule, doubt and 
 despair, transport and tenderness, compassion and contempt, love, 
 jealousy, fear, fury, and simplicity, all took in turn possession of 
 his features, while each of them in turn appeared to be the sole 
 possessor of those features. One night old age sat on his counte 
 nance, as if the wrinkles she had stamped there were indelible ; 
 the next the gaiety and bloom of youth seemed to overspread his 
 face and smooth even those marks which time and muscular con 
 formation might have really made there. These truths were ac 
 knowledged by all who saw him in the several characters of Lear, 
 or Hamlet, Richard, Dorilas, Romeo, or Lusignan ; in his Ranger, 
 Bays, Drugger, Kitely, Brute, or Benedict." 
 
 Mrs. Garrick, who was a Miss Viegel, (she subsequently 
 changed her name to Violette,) a native of Vienna, and a 
 stage-dancer in London, survived her husband forty-three 
 years, dying in 1822, in her 97th year. See Lon. Gent. 
 Mag., Nov. 1822. 
 
 As an author, Mr. Garrick's talents were respectable. 
 Of his original compositions, The Lying Valet, Miss in her 
 Teens, and The Clandestine Marriage, (the last written in 
 conjunction with Colman,) are the principal favourites. 
 A list of more than forty pieces, written or altered by 
 him, will be found in the Biog. Dramat. ; and, in addition 
 to these and others, he wrote epigrams, odes, and many 
 prologues, epilogues, and songs. Dramatic Works, Lon., 
 1768, 3 vols. 12mo; 1798, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " A wretched and imperfect collection." Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 Poetical works now first collected, with Explan. Notes, 
 1785, 2 vols. 12mo. Of Garrick's Mode of Reading the 
 Liturgy, a new ed., by R. Cull, was pub. in 1840, 8vo. See 
 Davies's and Murphy's Lives of Garrick ; Biog. Dramat. ; 
 Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; Boswell's Johnson ; Cumberland's 
 Life; Mason's Life of Whitehead; Column's Random 
 Records. 
 
 Much of interest relating to the literary history of the 
 times will be found in Garrick's Private Correspondence 
 with the most celebrated persons of his time, now first 
 published from the originals, and illustrated with Notes 
 and a New Biographical Memoir, splendidly printed, with 
 fine portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds, 1831-32, 2 vols. r. 
 4to, pub. at 5 5s. 
 
 This interesting work contains upwards of two thousand 
 letters from many of the eminent men of the times in which 
 Garrick lived from Lords Lyttelton, Camden, Chatham, 
 Dr. Johnson, Boswell, Goldsmith, Gibbon, Sheridan, Hume, 
 Robertson, Murphy, George Steevens, Richard Cumber 
 land, Bp. Warburton, Bp. Hoadly, Burke, Junius, Wilkes, 
 Dr. Franklin, Churchill, Sir J. Reynolds, Gainsborough, 
 George Colman, Mrs. Clive, Mrs. Montague, and fifty 
 others. There are also numerous letters from foreign cor 
 respondents, among whom may be named Voltaire, Beau- 
 
 marchais, Algarotti, Diderot, Baron Grimm, Helvetius, 
 Riccoboni, Baron Koch, and Wieland. 
 
 " Have you seen the second volume of the Garrick Correspond 
 ence? Is it not a treat ? Glorious Garrick !" The late C. Mathews. 
 
 " Garrick's appearance forms an epoch in the history of the Eng 
 lish theatre, as he chiefly dedicated his talents to the great cha 
 racters of Shakspeare, and built his own fame on the growing 
 admiration of the poet. Before his time, Shakspeare had only been 
 brought on the stage in mutilated and disfigured alterations. Gar 
 rick returned on the whole to the true originals, though he still 
 allowed himself to make some very unfortunate changes. It ap 
 pears to me that the only excusable alteration of Shakspeare is, 
 lo leave out a few things not in conformity to the taste of the time. 
 Garrick was undoubtedly a great actor. Whether he always con 
 ceived the parts of Shakspeare in the sense of the poet. I from the 
 very circumstances stated in the eulogies on his acting should be 
 inclined to doubt. He excited, however, a noble emulation to 
 represent worthily the great national poet ; this has ever since 
 been the highest aim of actors, and even at present the stage can 
 boast of men whose histrionic talents are deservedly famous." 
 SchlegePs Lect. on Dramat. Art and Lit. 
 
 Garrison, Wm. Lloyd. 1. Thoughts on African 
 Colonization, Bost., 1832, 8vo. 2. Sonnets and other 
 Poems, 1843, 18mo. The sonnet entitled The Free Mind 
 possesses decided merit. 
 
 Garrod, Alfred B., M.D., and Edward Ballard, 
 M.D. Elements of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Lon., 
 1845,8vo. Amer.ed.,editedbyR.E.Griffith,M.D.,Phila.,8vo. 
 
 " As a manual for students, it is the best that has yet appeared, 
 and will be found to contain much matter well worthy of perusal 
 by the practitioner." Banking's Report. 
 
 Dr. Garrod has also pub. Physical Diagnosis of Dis 
 eases of the Abdomen, Lon., 1852, 12mo ; and On Pain 
 after Food, 1854, p. 8vo. 
 
 Garrow, D. W., D.D. 1. Hist, and Antiq. of Croy- 
 don, Croy, 1818, 8vo. 2. Serms., Lon., 1820, 8vo. 
 
 Garrow, J. Serm., Lon., 1812. 
 
 Garroway, Alderman. Speech, 1642, 4to. 
 
 Garstin, John, Major-General. Trans, of Paul 
 Frisi's Treat, on Rivers and Torrents, <fec. 
 
 Garter, Barnard. 1. The tragical Hist, of two Eng 
 lish Lovers, written by Bar. Gar., Lon., 1565, 16mo. In 
 verse; 95 leaves. Bindley, 30 19*. 6rf. Perry, 32 10s. 
 
 Garth, John. Psalms set to Music, Lon., 1759, fol. 
 
 Garth, Sir Samuel, d. 1718-19, a native of York 
 shire, was educated at Peter House, Camb., where he took 
 his degree of M.D. in 1691, and was admitted Fellow, 
 June 26, 1693. In 1687 commenced a quarrel between 
 the physicians and apothecaries, the latter of whom op 
 posed the design of the former to furnish the poor with 
 advice gratis and medicines at prime cost. To hold the 
 apothecaries up to public reprobation and ridicule, Garth 
 pub. in 1699, 4to, his satirical poem of the Dispensary, 
 which pleased the town so much that it went through 
 three editions in a few months, and many were subse 
 quently pub. The 9th ed., which contains a number of 
 episodes and inscriptions, appeared in 1706. Pope re 
 marks that it had been " corrected in every edition, and 
 that every change was an improvement." When Garth, in 
 1697, spoke what is now called the Harveian Oration, he 
 followed up the blow in Latin, and the poor apothecaries 
 were placed completely hors du combat. He also wrote 
 the epilogue to Addison's tragedy of Cato, pub. a poem 
 entitled Claremont, and in an ed. of Ovid's Metamorphoses, 
 pub. in 1717, trans, the whole 14th book, and the story of 
 Cippus in the 15th; the Preface is also his. Works, 1769, 
 12mo. He lived without religion, and, according to Pope 
 an intimate friend, died a Roman Catholic. 
 
 " His poetry has been praised at least equally to its merit. In 
 the Dispensary there is a strain of smooth and free versification ; 
 but few lines are eminently elegant. No passages fall below me 
 diocrity, and few rise much above it. The plan seems formed with 
 out just proportion to the subject; the means and end have no 
 necessary connection. Resnel, in his Preface to Pope's Essay, re 
 marks, that Garth exhibits no discrimination of characters; and 
 that what any one says might, with equal propriety, have been 
 said by another. The general design is, perhaps, open to criticism ; 
 but the composition can seldom be charged with inaccuracy or neg 
 ligence. The author never slumbers in self-indulgence; his full 
 vigour is always exerted; scarcely a line is left unfinished; nor is 
 it easy to find an expression used by constraint, or a thought im 
 perfectly expressed. It was remarked by Pope, that the Dispen 
 sary had been corrected in every edition, and that every change 
 was an improvement. It appears, however, to want something of 
 poetical ardour, and something of general delectation; and there 
 fore since it has been no longer supported by accidental and in 
 trinsic popularity, it has been scarcely able to support itself." Dr. 
 Johnson's Lives of the Poets. 
 
 See also Biog. Brit. ; Gibber's Lives ; Spence's Anecdotes. 
 
 Garthshore, Maxwell, M.D., 1732-1812, a physician 
 in London for nearly fifty years, pub. an Inaugural Dissert, 
 Edin., 1764, 8vo, and contributed to Med. Obs. and Inq., 
 1770, and to Phil. Trans., 1787. See his biog. acct. of Dr. 
 Ingenhousz, in Thorn. Ann. Philos., 1817. 
 
 663 
 
GAR 
 
 GAS 
 
 Garthwait, Henry. The Evangelical Harmony, 
 reducing the four Evangelists into one continued Text, 
 Camb., 1634, 4to. 
 
 Garton, James. Practical Gardener, Lon., 1769. 
 
 Gartside, M., a lady. 1. Light and Shade, Colours, 
 and Composition, Lon., 1804, 4to. 2. Ornamental Groups, 
 Descrip. of Flowers, Birds, Shells, and Insects,1809,imp.fol. 
 
 Gartwood, or Garwood. Short Introduc. to Hist., 
 suggested by Coghlan's Sys. of Mnemonics, Lon., 1814. 
 
 Garwood, John. The Bible, Lon., 1840, 8vo. 
 
 Gascoigne, Sir Crisp. Address rel. to his conduct 
 in the Cases of E. Canning and M. Squires, 1754. 
 
 Gascoigne, George, 1537-1577, after studying for 
 some time at Cambridge, removed to Gray's Inn, which he 
 deserted for the army, and served in Holland, where he 
 received a captain's commission from the Prince of Orange. 
 Returning to England, he became a courtier, and contri 
 buted to the festivities which enlivened the business of 
 statesmen and the progress of the queen. The name of 
 The Princely Pleasures of Kenilworth Castle, one of Gas- 
 coigne's masques, will remind many of our readers of 
 Amy Robsart and Sir Richard Varney, of the ambitious 
 Earl and his imperious mistress. Among Gascoigne's best- 
 known pieces are : The Glasseof Gouernment; a Tragicall 
 Comedie, Lon., 1575, 4to. The Steele Glas ; a Satyre, 1576, 
 4to. A Delicate Diet for daintie mouthde Droonkards; 
 wherein the fowle abuse of common carousing and quaff 
 ing with heartie draughtes is honestly admonished, 1576, 
 8vo. The Droome of Doomes Day ; wherein the Frailties 
 and Miseries of Man's Life are liuely portrayed and learn 
 edly set forth, 1586, 4to. The Comedie of Supposes, and 
 the Tragedie of locasta, in the collective ed. of his Whole 
 Woorkes, 1587, 4to. Warton says that the Comedie of Sup 
 poses was the first comedy written in English prose ; and 
 Dr. Farmer in his Essay on Shakspeare says that the latter 
 borrowed part of the plot and of the phraseology of this 
 play, and transferred it into his Taming of the Shrew. 
 This was the opinion of Chalmers, Warton, and Gifford, 
 also. Many of Gascoigne's works are reprinted in Chal 
 mers's ed. of the Poets. For notices of early eds., and of 
 the author, see Athen. Oxon. ; Whetstone's Remembrance 
 of Gascoigne; Censura Literaria ; Brit. Bibliog. ; Warton's 
 Hist, of Eng. Poetry; Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet; 
 Ritson's Bibl. Poetica; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. 
 Man. ; Chalmers's British Poets. 
 
 " One of the smaller poets of Queen Elizabeth's days, whose 
 poetical works nevertheless have been thought worthy to be quoted 
 among the chief of that time; his Supposes, a Comedy; Glass of 
 Government, a Tragi-Comedy ; Jocasta, a Tragedy, are particularly 
 remembered." Phittips's Theat. Poet. 
 
 " A writer, whose mind, though it exhibits few marks of strength, 
 is not destitute of delicacy ; he is smooth, sentimental, and harmo 
 nious." Headley's Select Beauties of Anc. Eng. Poet. 
 
 " He has much exceeded all the poets of his age in smoothness 
 and harmony of versification." Warton's Obs. on the Fairy Queen. 
 
 " From what I have seen of his works, his fancy seems to have 
 been sparkling and elegant, and he always writes with the powers 
 of a poet." SIR S. E. BRYDGES, in his ed. of Phittips's Theat. Poet. 
 
 " In George Gascoigne's poem there are many things about the 
 Dutch, showing that the English despised them, and despaired of 
 their cause, just as in our days happened to the Spaniards: 
 "'And thus, my lord, your honour may discerne 
 Our perils past, &c.' " 
 
 Robt. Southey to John Rickman, March 23, 1814. 
 
 "The general commendations of Chalmers on this poet seem 
 rather hyperbolical. But his minor poems, especially one called 
 The Arraignment of a Lover, have much spirit and gaiety; and we 
 may leave him a respectable place among the Elizabethan versi 
 fiers." Hattam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 Gascoigne, Henry B. Suggestions for the Em 
 ployment of the Poor of the Metropolis, Ac., 1817. 
 
 Gascoyn, Sir Bernard. Descrip. of Germany, its 
 Govt., &c.; vide Brown's Miss. Aulic, 1702. 
 
 Gaskarth, John, D.D. Texts examined cited by 
 Papists for their Doctrine of Satisfaction, Lon., 1688, 4to. 
 And in Gibson's Preservative, x. 264. Serins., <fcc., 1683- 
 
 J_71o. 
 
 Gaskell, Mrs., formerly Miss Stromkin, wife of a 
 Unitarian minister at Manchester, England, has attained 
 considerable popularity as the author of The Moorland 
 Cottage, Ruth, Mary Barton, North and South, and Cran- 
 ford. Mary Barton ; a Tale of Manchester Life, Lon., 1848. 
 
 " Mary Barton is a work of higher pretensions than an ordinary 
 novel. It aims not only at the delineation of the joys and sorrows, 
 the loves and hatreds of our common humanity, but it professes 
 also to give a picture of the feelings, habits, opinions, character! 
 and social condition of a particular class of the people,-a class 
 too, which has of late years attracted a great share of public atten 
 tion, and has probably been the subject of more misconception and 
 misrepresentation than has fallen to the lot of any other. . . . The 
 literary merit of the work is in some respects of a very high order 
 Its interest is intense; often painfully Bo."din. Rev., Ixxxix. 
 
 '654 
 
 See a review of Ruth, in the N. Brit, Rev., May, 1853, 
 and of North and South, in Blackw. Mag., May, 1855. 
 
 Life of Charlotte Bronte, Author of Jane Eyre, Shirley, 
 Villette, &c., 1857, 2 vols. p. 8vo. This work was alleged 
 to contain several inaccuracies. The last ed., pub. in 1858, 
 varies considerably from the earlier issues : see BRONTE, 
 CHARLOTTE. Around the Sofa, 1858. 
 
 Gaskin, George, D.D., Rector of St. Benedict. 
 
 1. Serms., 1798, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Occas. Serms., 1798-1821. 
 Gaskin, James J. 1. European Geography made 
 
 Easy, Lon., 1843, 12mo; 2d ed., Lon., 1846. 2. Geography 
 and Sacred Hist, of Syria, 1846, 18mo. 
 
 Gaskin, John. Serms., Brist., 1844, 8vo. 
 
 Gaspey, Thomas, an author of our own times, has 
 pub. The Witch Finder, The Self-Condemned, The History 
 ef George Godfrey, and other romances. In conjunction 
 with George Moir Bussey, he pub. in 1850, 2 vols. imp. 8vo, 
 Pictorial History of France and of the French People, from 
 the establishment of the Franks in Gaul to the French 
 Revolution, illustrated by nearly 400 beautiful engravings 
 on wood, pub. 2 16. 
 
 " An admirably-written and very interesting work, compiled from 
 the writings of Sismondi, Lacretelle, and Thiers. It is a very de 
 sirable precursor to the various Lives of Napoleon and Histories 
 of the French Revolution." 
 
 Gaspine, John. Serm. on Luke xii. 32, 1663, 4to. 
 See p. 348 of Farewell Serms., Lon., 1816, 8vo. 
 
 Gass, Patrick. A Jour, of the Voyages and Travels 
 of a corps of discovery under the command of Capts. Lewis 
 and Clarke, 1804-06, Pittsburg, 1807, 12mo; Lon., 1808, 
 8vo; Phila., 1810, '12, 12mo. 
 
 "It is curious to observe how ingeniously Mr. Gass has avoided 
 whatever could interest or amuse. All he says, we have no doubt, 
 is strictly true : at least, if intolerable dullness be a symptom of 
 truth in narration, he has amply vindicated his veracity." Lon. 
 Quar. Rev., i. 293-304. 
 
 See ALLEN, PAUL; BIDDLE, NICHOLAS; LEWIS, MERI- 
 WETHER. 
 
 Gast, John, D.D., Archdeacon of Glandclogh. 1. Rud. 
 of Grecian Hist, to Philip of Macedon, Lon., 1754, 8vo. 
 
 2. Hist, of Greece from Alex, of Macedon till the final Sub 
 jection to the Roman Power, 1782, 4to. 3. Lett, from a 
 Clergyman, Ac. to his Popish Parishioners. 
 
 Gaston, Rev. Hugh. A Scripture Account of the 
 Faith and Practice of Christians, consisting of collections 
 of pertinent texts of Scripture upon the sundry Articles of 
 Revealed Religion, Lon., 1764, 8vo. New ed., enlarged, 
 by Joseph Strutt, 1813, 8vo. Again, 1824, 8vo. To this 
 ed. 20,000 references are added. Again, 1847, 8vo ; Phila., 
 1855, 8vo. Pub. by F. Bell. See PERCY, THOMAS. The 
 ed. by Mr. Bell is that corrected and revised by the Rev. 
 John Hall. The late eds. are entitled Gaston's Common- 
 Place Book, <fcc. 
 
 "The arrangement is clear, the selection of texts is sufficiently 
 ample, and a useful index enables the reader to find passages of 
 Scripture arranged on almost every topic he can desire. ... As it 
 is of easy purchase, it may be substituted for any of the larger 
 common-place books." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " The attributes, perfections, and operations of God ; the glories 
 of the Saviour; the accomplished work of redemption, and the 
 agency of the Holy Spirit, are severally enlarged upon. The divine 
 law is amplified with the consentaneous illustrations of its pre 
 cepts by our Lord himself, and by the prophets and apostles. The 
 personal and relative duties of mankind are largely insisted upon." 
 Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 Gastrell, Francis, 1662-1725, a native of Slapton, 
 Northampton, entered Christ Church, Oxf., 1680 ; preacher 
 at Lincoln's Inn, 1694; Canon of Christ Church, Oxf., 
 1702 ; Bishop of Chester, 1714. 1. Considerations on the 
 Trinity, Lon., 1696, 1702, '07, 4to. Also reprinted in Bp. 
 Randolph's Enchiridion Theologicum, vol. iii. 2. The 
 Certainty and Necessity of Religion in General ; 8 Serms. 
 at Boyle's Lect. on Heb. xi. 6, 1697, 1703, 8vo; 1739, fol. 
 Gastrell followed up this attack upon Atheism by a blow 
 at Deism in (3.) The Certainty of the Christian Revela 
 tion, and the necessity of believing it, established, 1699, 
 8vo. 4. Fast Serm., 1704, '07, 4to. 5. The Christian In 
 stitutes; or, the Sincere Word of God, 1707, '09, 8vo; 
 1717, 12mo. Frequently reprinted; recently by the Lond. 
 C. K. Society in 12mo. 
 
 " This valuable little work, which may perhaps be considered as 
 a Concordance of parallel passages at full length, .... may be 
 very advantageously substituted for any of the subsequent larger 
 and more expensive works. The ' Economy of a Christian Life,' 
 published by the Rev. W. Bingley in 1808, 2 vols. 12mo, is similar 
 in design, but upon the whole better arranged than Bp. Gastrell's 
 little manual." dome's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 6. Serm., 1712, 4to. 7. Serm. 1714, 4to. 8. Remarks 
 upon the Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity, by Dr. Samuel 
 Clarke, 1714. 
 
 " Dr. Clarke acknowledged that the objections to his doctrine 
 were there set forth to particular advantage, by the skill of a very 
 
GAS 
 
 GAU 
 
 able and learned writer, and proposed with a reasonable and good 
 spirit." 
 
 9. His Case with respect to the Wardenship of Man 
 chester, 1721. 10. Certainty of a Future State, 1725, '37, 
 8vo. 11. Tracts, 8vo. Some other treatises are ascribed 
 to him. 
 
 " He left a sufficient monument of himself in his writings, and 
 his virtues are far from being yet forgotten." DR. WILLIS. 
 
 See Biog. Brit. ; Atterbury Corresp. ; Nichols's Lit. Anec. 
 
 Gastrell, Peregrine, LL.D. Enquiry into the Ex 
 ercise of some parts of Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction, Lon., 
 1747, 8vo. 
 
 Gataker, Charles, 1614P-1680, son of the celebrated 
 Thomas Gataker, educated at Sidney Coll., Camb., and 
 Pembroke Coll., Oxf., became Rector of Hoggeston, Buck 
 inghamshire, about 1647, and continued there until his 
 death. He wrote some treatises against the Papists, The 
 Way of Truth and Peace, or a Reconciliation of St. Paul 
 and St. James concerning Justification, another work on 
 Justification, animadversions on Bull's Harmonia Aposto- 
 lica, <fcc. See Athen. Oxon. ; Genl. Biog. Diet. 
 
 Gataker, Thomas, 1574-1654, was educated at St. 
 John's Coll., Camb.; preacher at Lincoln's Inn, 1601; 
 Rector of Rotherhithe, 1611. He was for many years de 
 barred from active pastoral duty by ill health. He was 
 one of those who subscribed the Covenant, but professed 
 his attachment to Episcopacy, and in the time of the Com 
 monwealth sided with the Presbyterians rather than the 
 Independents. He was one of the most learned critics of 
 his day, and Salmasius, Aenius, Colomies, Morhof, Baillet, 
 as well as the British scholars, united in his praise. Among 
 his principal works are : 1. Of the Nature and Use of 
 Lots ; a Treatise, Hist, and Theolog., Lon., 1616, '19/27, 4to. 
 
 "This publication made a great noise, and drew him afterwards 
 into a controversy." 
 
 2. Serms., 1620, 4to ; 1637, fol. He also pub. a number 
 of other serms. and discourses, 1620-1707. 
 
 " In his sermons, suitably to the very great learning of the 
 man, there is a wonderful variety of useful matter." Dr. Wotton's 
 Study of Divinity. 
 
 3. Dissertatio de Stylo Novi Testamenti, 1648, 4to. 4. 
 Cinnus, <fcc., 1651, 4to. 5. Adversaria Miscellanea, 1659, 
 fol. This was completed by his son. 
 
 "Gataker vindicates the purity of the Greek of the New Testa 
 ment writers from Hebraisms and barbarisms against Pfochenius; 
 and illustrates many of its difficult words and idioms. He was a 
 profound Greek scholar, and applied his knowledge very success 
 fully to the illustration of the Scriptures, and also of the classics; 
 though his ideas of the correctness and elegance of the style of the 
 New Testament were carried to an extreme. Some of his English 
 writings, as his Essay on the Nature and Use of Lots, are also 
 worth reading." Grime's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " Gataker examines this subject [Lots] with great learning, judg 
 ment and accuracy." Wordsworth's Chris. Instit. 
 
 His share of the annotations upon the Scriptures the 
 books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Lamentations written by 
 divines of the Westminster Assembly, was so admirably 
 performed, that Calamy does not scruple to assert that no 
 commentator, ancient or modern, is entitled to higher 
 praise. 
 
 Opera Critica, edente Hermanno Witsio. Traj. ad Rhen., 
 1698, 2 torn, in 3 vols. fol. Tom. II. continent M. Anto- 
 nini Imp. de Rebus suis, Libros XII. et Opuscula Varia. 
 '_' A very learned divine, Thomas Gataker. one whom a foreign 
 writer has placed among the six Protestants most conspicuous, in 
 his judgment, for depth of reading. . . . Gataker stood, perhaps, 
 next to Usher, in general estimation." JHallam's Lit. Hist, of 
 Europe. 
 
 See Mr. Hallam's comments upon Gataker's Cinnus, 
 Ac., Adversaria Posthuma, and Marcus Antoninus. The 
 English reader should procure The Meditations of Anto 
 ninus, with Gataker's Preliminary Discourse, and Dacier's 
 Life of the Emperor, trans, by Jeremy Collier, 1701, 8vo. 
 After reading Gataker's Prelim. Discourse, he is not to 
 read the Meditations in this trans., for it is inelegant, 
 vulgar, and ludicrous, but moist read the trans, by R. 
 Graves, Bath, 1792, 8vo, or some other good version. 
 Antoninus is well worth attention : 
 
 "His Meditations, though they want style, will well repay 
 perusal, from the pure sentiments of piety and benevolence which 
 they exhibit." WAKEFIELD. 
 " A profound scholar." DR. PARE. 
 
 Baillet commends his great learning, but considers him 
 to have been too bold in his conjectures. 
 " Vir stupendaa lectionis magni que judicii." MORHOF. 
 " E criticis omnibus qui hoc gaeculo ad politiorum literarum 
 illustrationem aliquid scripsere, vix ac ne vix quidem ullas in- 
 venietur, qui in authbribus diligenter ac accurate tractandis 
 Thomae Gatakero palmam praeri piat." PAUL COLOMESIUB. 
 
 Gataker, Thomas, surgeon, pub. a trans, of Le 
 Dran's Surgery, and some other profess, treatises, 1749-64 
 Gatchell, Thomas. Serm., 1706, 4to. 
 Gates, Geoffrey. The Militarie Profession, 1579. 
 
 Gatford. Serms., 1643, 4to. 
 
 Gatford. A Disquisition, how far Conquest gives the 
 Conqueror a Title. Anon. 
 
 Gatford, Lionel. 1. Hyperphysical Directions in 
 the Time of the Plague, Oxf., 1644, 4to. 2. Public Good 
 without Private Interests ; or, a Compendious Remon 
 strance of the sad State and Condition of Virginia, Ac., 
 Lon., 1657, 4to, pp. 27. The Charter of Virginia, pp. 23, 
 is annexed to this pamphlet. 3. Narrative of the Death 
 of Mr. W. Tyrel, and the Preservation of Sir John Rous, 
 1661, 4to. 
 
 Gathercole, Rev. M. A. Letters to a Dissenting 
 Minister, with the Author's Reasons for conforming to the 
 Ch. of Eng., 5th ed., Lon., 1836. This little work, twice 
 noticed by the Bishop of London, excited much attention. 
 See an account of the controversy connected with it in 
 Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 1147. 
 
 Gatisden. See GADDESDEN. 
 
 Gatton, Benj. Theolog. treatises, Ac., 1704-32. 
 Eighteen Serms., Oxon., 1732, 8vo. 
 
 Gatty, Alfred, Vicar of Ecclesfield. 1. Serms., Lon., 
 2 vols. 12mo, vol. L, 1843 ; 2d ed., 1847 ; vol. ii., 1848. 
 Notice of vol. i. : 
 
 "The subjects treated of are various and full of interest, and all 
 are treated with great energy and with considerable perspicuity 
 of expression and originality of thought. These productions are 
 eminently indicative of mind, judgment, and pure intention, and 
 are constructed for general use." Church and State Gazette. 
 
 " All the topics are handled in a plain, practical, straightforward 
 manner, and, though moderate in doctrine, they are always sound, 
 and have often much originality." Ch. of Eng. Quar. Rev. 
 
 Notice of vol. ii. : 
 
 "They are sermons of a high and solid character, and are the 
 productions of a good Churchman. They are earnest and affec 
 tionate, and follow out the Church's doctrine." Lon. Theologian. 
 
 2. The Bell ; its Origin, History, and Uses. New ed., 
 1848, 12mo. 
 
 " A very varied, learned and amusing essay on the subject of 
 bells." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 3. The Vicar and his Duties, 1853, 12mo. 4. Serms. for 
 Wayfarers, 1854, cr. 8vo. 
 
 Gatty, Mrs. Alfred. The Fairy Godmothers; and 
 other Tales, Lon., 1851, 12mo. 
 
 " Her love for fairy literature has led Mrs. Alfred Gatty to com 
 pose four pretty little moral stories, in which the fairies are grace 
 fully enough used as machinery. They are slight, but well writ 
 ten." Lon. Guardian. 
 
 " Approaching in tone and tendency to the fairy-tales of Ander 
 sen. Most commendable as a fairy-book, with a beautiful illus 
 tration by an amateur artist, Miss L. E. Barker." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 Gauden, John, D.D., 1605-1662, a native of May- 
 field, Essex, educated at St. John's Coll., Camb., became 
 Vicar of Chippenham, and subsequently Rector of Bright- 
 well, Berkshire. Being appointed chaplain to Robert, 
 Earl of Warwick, he preached before the House of Com 
 mons, Nov. 29, 1640, and so pleased the members that 
 they gave him a silver tankard, and in the next year 
 presented him to the rich deanery of Booking, in Essex. 
 When he discovered the murderous designs entertained by 
 the Parliamentarians, he boldly opposed them in a published 
 protest, (1648, fol.,) and after the king had been put to 
 death, he wrote A Just Invective against those of the 
 army and their abettors who murthered K. Charles L, <fec. ; 
 written Feb. 10, 1648. But this was not pub. until after 
 the Restoration, i. e. in 1662. In 1660 he was made Bishop 
 of Exeter, and in 1662 translated to Worcester. He wrote 
 a number of treatises in vindication of the Church of Eng 
 land and its ministers, among which are Hieraspistes, or 
 A Defence of the Ministry and Ministers of the Ch. of 
 Eng., 1653, 4to ; The Case of Ministers' Maintenance by 
 Tithes, 1653 ; Petitionary Remonstrance to Oliver Crom 
 well in behalf of the Clergy of Eng., 1659, 4to; Ecclesige 
 Anglicanae Suspiria; The Tears, Sighs, and Complaints 
 of the Ch. of Eng., 1659, fol. ; Antisacrilegus, 1660, 4to ; 
 serms., Ac. 
 
 The character of Gauden has been violently assailed ; 
 but he lived in days when prominent men of either party 
 were not likely to meet with much mercy from their oppo 
 nents. Without entering into any examination of his 
 character, it is but fair to quote Wood's declaration, and 
 thus give him credit for what cannot be disputed : 
 
 " While he continued there [tutor at Wadham College] the great 
 ness of his parts were much improved by the greatness of indus 
 try, bestowing the most part of the day and night too in the study 
 of divine matters; . . . esteemed by all that knew him a very 
 comely person, a man of vast parts, and one that had been strangely 
 improved by unwearied labour." A then. Oxon. 
 
 But we must no longer delay the introduction of a sub 
 ject which, more than all other causes of notoriety, has in 
 vested and still invests the name of Gauden with deep 
 interest to the student of political and literary history : 
 the authorship of Eikon Basilike. In our articles on AN- 
 
 655 
 
GAU 
 
 GAY 
 
 NESLEY, ARTHUR, EARL OP, and CHARLES L, King of Eng 
 land, we have already dwelt somewhat upon this vexed 
 question, and referred the reader to the article he is now 
 perusing, promising to direct him to the best sources of in 
 formation on this subject. The " famous memorandum" 
 in the Earl of Anglesey's copy of the Eikon Basilike was 
 discovered by Mr. Millington, the auctioneer who sold his 
 lordship's library. It is a MS. declaration by the Earl 
 that K. Charles II. and the Duke of York had both assured 
 him that the work in question 
 
 "Was none of the said king's compiling;, but made by Dr. Gau- 
 den, Bishop of Chester, which I here insert, for the undeceiving 
 others in this point, by attesting so much under my hand." 
 
 This memorandum was given to the world, and great 
 was the controversy, and many were the books, to which it 
 gave rise. As regards the work itself, we have already 
 said so much under the name of CHARLES L that we may 
 be excused from lingering much on this point. Those who 
 are disposed to pursue the subject at length can examine 
 the dissertations upon this question by Milton, Jane, Lud- 
 low, Hollingworth, Walker, Long, Wagstaff, Burnet, Dug- 
 dale, Nash, Birch, Granger, Burton ; Gent. Mag. for 1754; 
 Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; Lon. Quar. Rev. ; Brydges's Resti- 
 tuta: see these and other authorities cited in Lowndes's 
 Bibl. Man.; also see authorities cited in Biog. Brit.; Laing's 
 Hist, of Scotland; Lloyd's Memoirs; Maty's Review; 
 Dean Barwick's Life; Who wrote Icon Basilike? by Chris 
 topher Wordsworth, D.D., 1824, '25, '28, 3 vols. 8vo; and 
 a review of vol. i. of this work by Sir James Mackintosh, 
 in Edin. Rev., xliv. 1-47. It is fair to add that in his last 
 vol. Dr. Wordsworth stoutly defends his position against 
 Lingard, Todd, Broughton, the Edinburgh Review, and 
 Hallain. Surely the good doctor had his hands full. Mr. 
 Todd rejoined in the next year, 1829. 
 
 If the reader ask us "Who wrote Icon Basilike?" we 
 shall be obliged to reply as we shall when he (by supposi 
 tion) asks us "Who wrote Junius?" Really, we cannot 
 tell. To show him that we have no great reason to blush 
 for our ignorance, we beg to tell him that the learned Dr. 
 Wordsworth "proves" that King Charles I. wrote it, and 
 the equally learned Sir James Mackintosh "proves", that 
 Bishop Gauden. wrote it. Now it is certain that both can 
 not be right, and it is just as certain that it would puzzle a 
 wiser head than ours to prove that either is wrong. Those 
 who wish to see Dr. Wordsworth supported can turn to the 
 London Quarterly Review, xxxii. 467-505; and those who 
 wish to see Sir James Mackintosh countenanced can con 
 sult Todd's answer to Wordsworth, and Henry Hallain's 
 Introduction to the Literature of Europe. The quotation 
 of the opinion of the last-named eminent authority may 
 fitly conclude this article: 
 
 " The famous Icon Basilice ascribed to Charles I. may deserve a 
 place iu literary history. If we could trust its panegyrists, few 
 books in our language have done it more credit by dignity of sen 
 timent and beauty of style. It can hardly be necessary for me to 
 express my unhesitating conviction that it was solely written by 
 Bishop Gauden, who after the Restoration unequivocally claimed 
 it as his own. The folly and impudence of such a claim, if it could 
 not be substantiated, are not to be presumed as to any man of 
 good understanding, fair character, and high station, without 
 stronger evidence than has been alleged on the other side ; espe 
 cially when we find that those who had the best means of inquiry, 
 at a time when it seems impossible that the falsehood of Gauden's 
 assertion should not have been demonstrated, if it were false, 
 acquiesced in his pretensions. We have very little to place again st 
 this, except secondary testimony, vague, for the most part, in itself, 
 and collected by those whose veracity has not been put to the test 
 like that of Gauden. The style also of the Icon Basilice has been 
 identified by Mr. Todd with that of Gauden by the use of several 
 phrases so peculiar that we can hardly conceive them to have sug 
 gested themselves to more than one person. It is nevertheless 
 superior to his acknowledged writings. A strain of majestic me 
 lancholy is well kept up; but the personated sovereign is rather 
 too theatrical for real nature, the language is too rhetorical and 
 amplified, the periods too artificially elaborated. None but scholars 
 8 R47 pract !?. al } vriters employ such a style as this." Ed. M, Lm., 
 
 Here we had intended to stop. But fearful that the last 
 quotation may settle the question with our reader, and hav 
 ing a charitable desire to leave him in the same pleasing 
 uncertainty with which we shall dismiss him from the Ju 
 nius controversy in the same state, in short, in which we 
 find ourselves we throw out for his consideration the fol 
 lowing comment, which has at least the authority of a great 
 name: 
 
 " To go no further for a testimony, let his own writings witness 
 which speak him no less an author than a monarch, composed with 
 such a commanding majestic pathos, as if they had been writ nol 
 with a pen but with a sceptre, and for those whose virulent and 
 ridiculous calumnies ascribe that incomparable piece to others, ] 
 say it is a sufficient argument that those did not write it because 
 they could not." SOUTH. 
 
 Since we prepared the above article for the press, Mr, 
 
 Macaulay has pub. vols. Hi. and iv. of his Hist, of Eng 
 land, (Lon., Dec. 1855,) and in this learned and instructive 
 work we find the following expression of opinion upon 
 that vexed question above noticed : 
 
 " In that year [1692] an honest old clergyman named Walker, 
 who had, in the time of the Commonwealth, been Gauden's curate, 
 wrote a book which convinced all sensible and dispassionate readers 
 that Gauden, and not Charles the First, was the author of the Icon 
 Basilike." 
 
 Gaule, John, wrote several works on theology, witch 
 craft, and astrology, 1628-60. See Bibl. Brit., and Lon. 
 Retrosp. Review, iv. 223-30, 1821, for a notice of his Dis 
 tractions; or, the Holy Madnesse, 1629, 8vo. 
 
 " John Gaule seems to have thought that the art of pleasing was 
 wrapt up in a pun, or in marshalling an overpowering collection 
 of epithets in 'battalous array.'" Ubi supra. 
 Gaunt, John. Three Serms., 1769, 8vo. 
 Gauntlett, Henry, Vicar of Olney. 1. Serm., Oxon., 
 1809, 8vo. 2. Proverbs of Solomon, with Observ., 1813. 
 3. Expos, of the Book of Revelation; being the substance 
 of 44 Discourses, 2d ed., 1821, r. 8vo ; 4th ed., revised, 
 since pub. 
 
 " Very much on the plan of Bishop Newton and Scott practical 
 and useful." Bicker steth's Chris. Stu. 
 
 " His interpretations of the prophecies, whether fulfilled or ex 
 pected to be so, are mostly supported by venerable authorities ; 
 and where he differs from them, it is with modesty and candour." 
 British Review, xviii. 390. 
 
 Gavin, Antony. Master Key to Popery, Lon., 1725- 
 26, 3 vols. 8vo; 3d ed. of vol. i., 1729. 
 
 " An extraordinary work, exposing the system of Popery." 
 Gavner, John. The 100 Weight Fraction-Book, 1815. 
 Gawen, Nicholas. Christ's Pre-eminence Asserted 
 and Vindicated, Oxon., 1668, fol. 
 
 Gawler, Wm. Harmonia Sacra, 1781, 4to. 
 Gawton, Richard. The Lord's Supper, 1612, 8vo. 
 Gay, Ebenezer, D.D., 1696-1787, minister of Hing- 
 ham, Mass. Serms., Ac., 1725-81. 
 
 " Dr. Chauncy pronounces him to have been one of the greatest 
 and most valuable men in the country." See Allen's Ainer. Biog 
 Diet, and authorities there cited. 
 
 Gay, John, 1688-1732, a native of Barnstaple, the 
 descendant of the ancient family of the Le Gays of Oxford 
 and Devonshire, was at an early age apprenticed to a silk- 
 mercer in London. A brief experience proved both to 
 himself and his master that he was ill suited for the duties 
 of active life, and, obtaining a discharge from his inden 
 tures, he determined to follow his literary inclinations. 
 The amiability and unobtrusiveness of his character re 
 commended him to the friendship of Pope, Swift, and 
 other wits of the day, and his new attachments were 
 strengthened by the evidence of poetical abilities displayed 
 in his Rural Sports, a descriptive poem addressed to Pope, 
 and pub. in 1711. In the next year he obtained the situa 
 tion of domestic secretary to the Duchess of Monmouth ; 
 and two years later produced The Fan; a Poem, and The 
 Shepherd's Week, in VI. Pastorals. Trivia; or, the Art 
 of Walking the Streets, appeared in the succeeding year. 
 
 But during this period he had not neglected the stage 
 a successful appearance on which was the great object of 
 ambition to the poets of his day and the preceding reigns. 
 In 1713 his comedy of the Wife of Bath had been con 
 demned ; but in the next year the play of What D'ye Call 
 It? a kind of mock tragedy,' met with better success, and 
 was honoured by the presence of the Prince and Princess 
 of Wales. Encouraged by his good fortune, he presented 
 the town, in 1717, with the comedy of Three Hours after 
 Marriage. This piece proved a failure, and Gay bore all 
 the disgrace attaching to want of success ; although Pope 
 and Arbuthnot would probably have claimed a share in 
 the authorship had any laurels been forthcoming. How 
 ever, Gay's wounded feelings were somewhat soothed by 
 a profit of 1000 on an edition of his Poems, pub. by sub 
 scription in 1720 ; and he also received about this time a 
 present from Mr. Secretary Craggs of some South Sea 
 stock. His interest in this famous bubble was supposed 
 to be worth 20,000, but, not willing to accept this sum, 
 he held his stock, and soon found it to be utterly worth 
 less. In 1724 he wrote the tragedy of The Captives, which 
 was tolerably successful on the stage, and seems to have 
 pleased the Princess of Wales, who heard it read by the 
 author in MS. ; for she engaged him to write for the bene 
 fit of the Duke of Cumberland, then an infant, some fables 
 in verse. This was the origin of the Fables, by which, 
 next to the Beggar's Opera, Gay is best known to the pre 
 sent generation. 
 
 The famous play just named was produced in November, 
 1727, and immediately took the town by storm, enjoying 
 a run of no less than sixty-three nights. The author and 
 his friends were in ecstasies. The ladies carried about the 
 
GAY 
 
 GED 
 
 favourite songs in fans, the morals of thousands of hope 
 ful young people were corrupted for life, and, as if nobility 
 itself must make a costly offering to the shrine of infamy 
 Lavinia Fenton, (the Polly Peachum of the play,) a 
 notorious unmarried courtesan who had long known ma 
 ternal responsibilities, was led to the altar in pomp by the 
 Right Hon. Lord Charles, third Duke of Bolton. 
 
 We are not ignorant that the injurious influences which 
 we charge upon the Beggar's Opera have been denied j and 
 this might surprise us if any thing in the way of effrontery 
 or sophistry could now excite our wonder. But the fact 
 which we are about to quote is worth more than all the 
 special pleading which has been lavished upon such sub 
 jects from the days of John D'Urfey to the present gene 
 ration : 
 
 " In the year 1773, Sir John Fielding told the bench of Justices 
 that he had written to Mr. Garrick concerning the impropriety of 
 performing the Beggar's Opera, which never was represented with 
 out creating an additional number of thieves ; and they particularly 
 requested that he would desist from performing that opera on 
 Saturday evening. Such also were the fears of the church as to the 
 effects of this play, that Dr. Herring, then Archbishop of Canter 
 bury, preached a sermon against it; and Beau Swift was writing 
 in favour of it in the Intelligencer. 
 
 "Gay was called, in consequence of it, the Orpheus of Highway 
 men." 
 
 But excepting fame or disgrace, as we should term it 
 Mr. Gay received but little compensation for the mis 
 chievous effects produced by the Beggar's Opera. He 
 pocketed but 400, and perhaps this was hardly sufficient 
 to soothe the compunctious visitings naturally excited by 
 such evil agency. He therefore wrote a sequel to the Beg 
 gar's Opera, entitled Polly, the representation of which 
 was forbidden for political reasons. by the Lord- Cham 
 berlain. This refusal excited the ire of the party in op 
 position, and a profit of 1100 or 1200 accrued to Gay 
 from the publication of the prohibited piece. Nor was 
 this his only triumph. The Duke and Duchess of Queens- 
 berry adopted him as a member of their family, and his 
 Grace became pecuniary guardian of the poet, who, like 
 most poets, knew not how to keep his money. His lord 
 ship proved so able a financier, that on his death, Dec. 4, 
 1732, Gay left a property of 3000. In addition to the 
 works already noticed, he wrote The Distressed Wife, a 
 Comedy; Achilles, an Opera ; Dione, a Pastoral, <fcc. ; and 
 many songs and ballads. The best-known specimen of 
 his prose is the letter in which he was assisted by Pope 
 from Lord Harcourt's seat in Oxfordshire, giving an 
 account of the death of two village lovers by a stroke of 
 lightning. Among his minor poems may be instanced 
 The Hare with many Friends, The Court of Death, and 
 Black-Eyed Susan. As a poet, his merits were great; as 
 a man, he was indolent, amiable, and irresolute j as a 
 moralist, he is entitled to no consideration whatever. He 
 lived with no higher purpose than to please, and died with 
 the consciousness that he had done little or nothing to 
 profit or instruct. 
 
 His Poems on several occasions were pub. in 1720, 2 
 vols. 4to; Miscellanies, by Swift, Pope, Arbuthnot, and 
 Gay, 1727, 3 vols. 8vo; Gay's Works, 1722-25, 6 vols. 
 12mo; Poems, 1727, 2 vols. 12mo; 1737, 2 vols. 8vo ; 
 1762, 2 vols. 12mo; 1767, 2 vols. 12mo; Miscell. Works, 
 1773, 4 vols. 12mo; Poems never printed, 1820, 12mo; 
 Fables, 1727-38, 2 vols. 4to; 1733-38, 2 vols. 8vo; with 
 Notes and Life of the Author by W. Coxe, 1796, 12mo } 
 new ed., with memoir by 0. F. Owen, Lon., 1854, 12mo. 
 They have been trans, into Latin, Italian, and French; a 
 trans, en vers Francais, par le Chevalier de Chatelain, 
 was pub. by Mr. Whittaker in London, 1853, 12mo. For 
 other eds. of Gay's Fables, pieces pub. separately, <fcc., see 
 Bibl. Brit., Lowndes's Bibl. Man., and authorities sub 
 joined. 
 
 " As a poet he cannot be rated very high. He was, as I once 
 heard a female critic remark, ' of a lower order.' He had not in 
 any degree the mens divinior, the dignity of genius. Much, how 
 ever, must be allowed to the author of a new species of composi 
 tion, though it be not of the highest kind. We owe to Gay the 
 Ballad Opera; a mode of comedy which at first was supposed to 
 delight only by its novelty, but has now by the experience of 
 half a century been so well accommodated to the disposition of a 
 popular audience, that it is likely to keep long possession of the 
 stage." Dr. Johnson's Life of Gay. 
 
 But Dr. Wharton condemns the Beggar's Opera as the 
 parent of "that most monstrous of all absurdities, the 
 Comic Opera." 
 
 "Gay's Fables are certainly a work of great merit both as to the 
 quantity of invention implied, and as to the elegance and facility 
 of the execution. They are, however, spun out too long; the de 
 scriptions and narrative are too diffusive and desultory ; and the 
 moral is sometimes without point They are more like Tales than 
 Fables. The best are, perhaps, The Hare with many Friends, the 
 Monkeys, and the Fox at the Point of Death. His Pastorals are 
 
 pleasing and poetical. But his capital work is his Beggar's Opera." 
 Hazlitfs Lect. on the Eng. Poets. 
 
 See Biog. Brit. ; Swift's Works ; Pope's Works ; Spence's 
 Anecdotes; Mischiefs arising from his Beggar's Opera, 
 Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. xliii. ; Hewitt's Homes and Haunts 
 of eminent Brit. Poets; Thackeray's Humorists of the 
 18th century. 
 
 Gay, John. Miniature Pictures, newly adapted to the 
 most Fashionable and Public Characters of both sexes, now 
 living, 1780, 4to. 
 
 Gay, Joseph. The Confederates ; a Farce, Lon., 1717, 
 8vo. We have already noticed this play, and other works, 
 under the real name of the author, Capt. JOHN DURANT DE 
 BREVAL. 
 
 Gay, Nicholas. Union between G. B. and Ire., 1799. 
 
 Gay, Win. Eleven Serms., Lon., 1655, 8vo. 
 
 Gayarre, Charles E. Arthur, b. Jan. 3, 1805, at 
 New Orleans, is a descendant of one of the most an 
 cient and historical families of the State of Louisiana, and 
 has held many high posts of honour in his native State. 
 1. Historical Essay on Louisiana, in French, New Orleans, 
 1830, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. History of Louisiana, in French, 
 1846, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " This work begins with the discovery of Louisiana, and comes 
 down to 1769, when the Spaniards took final possession of the 
 colony. It gives a full and authentic account of the French domiua- 
 tion in Louisiana, and contains many interesting documents which 
 are thus preserved in the vernacular language of the first settlers." 
 
 3. Romance of the history of Louisiana, New York, 1848. 
 
 4. Louisiana: its history as a French Colony, 1851, 8vo. 
 
 5. Louisiana : its history as a French Colony ; 2d series, 
 1852, 8vo. 6. History of Louisiana, (French domination,) 
 1854, 2 vols. 8vo. 7. History of Louisiana, (Spanish do 
 mination,) 1854, 8vo. 8. School for Politics; a Dramatic 
 Novel, 1854. 9. Influence of the Mechanic Arts on the 
 Human Race, 1854. Mr. Gayarre has also pub. several 
 political addresses, <fec. 
 
 Gayler, Charles, b. 1820, in New York. At an 
 early age commenced to write for the stage while editing 
 a newspaper in Cincinnati ; and, returning to his native 
 city in 1850, has since been there connected with the 
 newspaper and periodical press. Has written upwards of 
 forty dramatic pieces of various kinds, every one of which 
 has been successful on representation. Among those which 
 have been published between 1846 and '58 are The Gold- 
 Hunters, a Drama; the operetta of The Frightened Fiend; 
 Taking the Chances, a Comedy ; The Love of a Prince, a 
 Comedy ; The Son of the Night, a Drama ; Galieno Fa- 
 liero, a Tragedy ; and Isms, a Comedy. 
 
 Gaylord, Lewis, and Luther Tucker. American 
 Husbandry; being a series of Essays, &c. designed for 
 its Improvement, N. York, 2 vols. 18mo. 
 
 Gayton, Edmund, or De Specioa Villa, 1609- 
 1666, wrote a number of humorous works, 1645-63, of 
 which the Festivious Notes upon Don Quixote, 1654, Ac., 
 is the best known. Wood tells us that, when turned out 
 of employment, he 
 
 "Lived in London in a sharking condition, and wrote trite 
 things merely to get bread to sustain him and his wife." Athen, 
 Oxon. 
 
 Who would believe such presumption possible ? Why 
 did not Anthony teach "him and his wife" how to live 
 without " bread" ? No marvel that his honest indigna 
 tion was aroused ! Some of Gayton's works now bring 
 high prices. See Athen. Oxon. ; Bibl. Brit. ; Lowndes's 
 Bibl. Man.; Lon. Gent. Mag., Ivii. 399. 
 
 Geach, Francis, M.D., d. 1798, of Plymouth, Eng 
 land, pub. several profess, treatises, 1766-81. See Bibl. 
 Brit. 
 
 Geard, John. The Beauties of Matt. Henry, with 
 his Life, Character, Labours and Death, Lon., 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Geare, Allen. Ebenezer; or, preserv. from Ship 
 wreck. See Osborne's Voyages, ii. 787 ; 1746. 
 
 Geare, Rev. E. Parents' Complaint, Lon., 1848. 12mo. 
 
 Gearing, Wm. Serms., Lon., 1660-73. 
 
 Gedde, John. Works on Bees, 1675, 1721. 
 
 Gedde, Walter. See GIDDE. 
 
 Geddes, Alexander, 1737-1802, a Roman Catholic 
 divine, was suspended from all ecclesiastical functions after 
 the publication of vol. i. of his trans, of the Bible with 
 Notes, which gave great offence to Christians generally. 
 
 1. The Holy Bible; trans, from the original, with Notes, 
 Remarks, &c., Lon., 1792-97, 2 vols. 4to. 2. Critical Re 
 marks on the Hebrew Scriptures, 1800, 4to. 3. New Trans, 
 of the Psalms, with Notes, Ac., 1807, 8vo. 
 
 Geddes did not complete his design. The books trans, 
 are those from Genesis to Chronicles, and the Book of Ruth. 
 
 " Geddes's version is admitted to contain many happy render 
 ings, many just emendations of the text, and many profound and 
 
GED 
 
 GEL 
 
 ingenious observations on its sense, and to discover a profound ! 
 knowledge in the Hebrew language. But the propriety of the 
 greater part, both of his emendations and interpretations, has been i 
 questioned." CHARLES BUTLER. 
 
 " Dr. Geddes applied the whole weight of his learning and talents 
 to an artful attack upon the Divine authority of the Scriptures, j 
 Through the medium of a new translation he strives to shew that i 
 these Scriptures are entitled to no other respect or veneration than 
 what is due to them as curious remains of antiquity." Bishop 
 Van Mflderfs Boyle Lectures. 
 
 "The volume of Remarks only comprehends the Pentateuch. 
 It is in these remarks that the sentiments of the translator are '' 
 most offensively stated. All the freedom of the modern conti- ! 
 nental critics is used with the sacred writings, without the veil 
 of a foreign language interposed, to conceal its unsightliness." 
 Orme"s Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Dr. Boothroyd, in his trans., has availed himself of the 
 labours of Geddes, but has not been misled by his errors. 
 A review of Geddes's trans., attributed to Bishop Horsley, 
 appeared in the British Critic, vols. iv., xiv., xix., and xx. 
 In Dr. John Mason Good's Life of Geddes, 1804, 8vo, will 
 be found some valuable criticisms on his writings. Ani 
 madversions on Geddes's trans, were reprinted in 1803, 
 8vo, from the British Critic for 1802. 
 
 Geddes's trans, of the Psalms noticed above, a posthu 
 mous publication, edited by Dr. Disney and Charles Butler, 
 extends only to the llth verse of Psalm cxviii. ; the rest is 
 added from an interleaved copy of Bishop Wilson's Bible 
 corrected by Dr. G. 
 
 "Though many things have displeased us in the perusal of this 
 work, we are not prepared to say that the learned editors should 
 have altogether withheld this new version from the public. Dr. 
 Geddes was undoubtedly a considerable scholar, and his lucubra 
 tions may be turned by other scholars to good account, though 
 they cannot be implicitly adopted." British Critic, 0. S., xxiii. 358. 
 Dr. G. also pub. trans, from Homer, Horace, Ac., Letters, 
 Serms., &c., for an account of which see Bibl. Brit, and 
 Good's Life of Geddes. 
 
 Geddes, James, 1710-1749, a Scotch advocate. An 
 Essay on the Composition and Manner of Writing of the 
 Ancients, particularly Plato, Glasg., 1748, 8vo. Highly 
 commended. 
 
 Geddes, Michael, D.D., d. 1715, a native of Scot 
 land, Chancellor of the Ch. of Sarum. 1. Hist, of the Ch. 
 of Malabar, from the Portuguese, Lon., 1694, 8vo. 2. Hist, 
 of the Ch. of Ethiopia, Ac., 1696, 8vo. 3. The Council of 
 Trent no Free Assembly, Ac., 1697, 1714, 8vo. 4. Miscell. 
 Tracts, 1702, '05, '06, 3 vols. 8vo. Reprinted, 3 vols. 8vo, 
 1714, '30. 5. Tracts against Popery, 1715, 8vo. Robert 
 Southey greatly admired Geddes, and frequently quotes his 
 works. 
 
 Geddes, Win. Saints Recreation, 3d part; upon the 
 State of Grace, Edin., 1683, 4to. All pub. 
 
 Geddes, Wm., M.D., late surgeon of the Madras Eu 
 ropean Regiment. Clinical Illustrations of the Diseases 
 of India, Lon., 1846, 8vo. 
 
 " A more elaborate display of medical statistics has rarely been 
 given to the public. ... As a vast amount of facts, the book is 
 really, we believe, unrivalled. 1 ' Lon. Spectator. 
 
 Gee, Alex. Ground of Christianitie, 1594? 
 Gee, Edward, D.D. Serms., Ac., 1620, '53, '58. 
 Steps of Ascension to God; or, a Ladder to Heaven. 
 
 "Printed at least 27 times, mostly in a manual, or in a vol. called 
 twen ty -fours : the 27th edit, came out in 1677." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Gee, Edward, Rector of St. Benedict, London. Trea 
 tises against the Jesuits, Ac., Lon., 1687-92. 
 
 Gee, J. Impositions on Parliament, 1765, 8vo. 
 Gee, John, d. 1639, a clergyman of the Church of 
 England, embraced Roman Catholic opinions, but subse 
 quently renounced them, and pub. a warning to Protest 
 ants, Ac., entitled The Foot out of the Snare; or, Detection 
 of Practices and Impostures of Priests and Jesuits, Lon., 
 1624, 4to. There was pub. with this, A Gentle Excuse to 
 Mr. Gregg, Ac., and the two were 
 
 " Printed four times in the said year, 1624, because all the copies, 
 or most of them, were bought up by R, Catholics." Athen. Oxon, q.v. 
 Gee also pub. a Serm., 1624, 4to, and New Shreds, Ac., 
 1624, 4to. 
 
 Gee, Joshua, minister in Boston, d. 1748, aged 50. 
 Serms., Lett to N. Eells, Ac., 1728-43. 
 
 Gee, Joshua. The Trade and Navigation of G. 
 Britain Considered, Lon., 1729, '30, 8vo; Glasg., 1735, '60, 
 8vo; 1767, 12mo. 
 
 "The account given in it of the state of our trade is, for the most 
 part, as deceptive as the means suggested for its improvement are 
 illiberal and inefficient." McCuOocWs Lit. of Polit. Econ., q. v. 
 Geere, John. Answer to Godwin, Lon., 1649, 4to. 
 Geffe, Nicholas. Silk-Worms, Lon., 1607, 4to. 
 Geikie, Archibald. The Story of a Boulder, Lon.,1858. 
 "He has put forth known facts in a pleasing manner for the 
 beginner."- Lon. Athen., 1858, Pt. 2, 237. 
 Geld art, T. C. Scotch Judicature Bill, Lon., 1825, 8vo. 
 
 Gel dart, Mrs. Thomas, has pub. Stories of England 
 and Ireland, and other juvenile works, 1849, Ac. 
 
 " She writes as one who understands and loves children. Her 
 style is interesting; her moral is always sound.'' Notice of Stories 
 of England, in the Lon. Eclectic Iteview. 
 
 Gell, John. Causes of Insolvency in Retail Business, 
 Ac., Lon., 1796, 8vo. 
 
 Gell, Philip. Idiom of the Hebrew, Lon., 1821, 8vo. 
 Gell, Robert, D.D., of London, d. 1665. 1. Serm., 
 Lon., 1650, 4to. 2. Serm., 1655, 4to. 3. Essays towards 
 the Amendment of the Eng, Trans, of the Bible, 1659, fol. 
 4. Remains or Select Scrip, of the N. Test, 1676, 2 vols. fol. 
 "These are very curious books, consisting of a number of dis 
 courses on particular passages, full of allegorical and cabalistica] 
 illustrations, along with some ingenious and solid criticisms. Dr 
 Gell was an Arminian, and is spoken of by Mr. Baxter as one of 
 the sect-makers of the time." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 The Remains are commended by John Wesley. Charles 
 Wesley took hints for some hymns from Gell's Notes. 
 
 Gell, Sir William, 1777-1836, an eminent classical 
 antiquary, educated at, and Fellow of, Emanuel Coll.j 
 Camb., was knighted in 1803; subsequently, to 1820, h 
 resided altogether at Rome or Naples. 1. Topography of 
 Troy and its Vicinity, Lon., 1804, fol. 
 
 "Gell's Topography of Troy and Ithaca cannot fail to ensure th< 
 approbation of every man possessed of classical taste, as well foi 
 the information Mr. Gell conveys to the mind of the reader as foi 
 the ability and research the respective works display ." LORD BYRON 
 Reviewed in the Edin. Rev., and Lon. Quar. Rev. 2. Geo 
 graphy and Antiq. of Ithaca, 1807, 4to. 
 
 " His Geography of Ithaca comprehends a full survey of the far 
 famed island which the hero of the Odyssey has immortalized ; foi 
 we really are inclined to think that the author has established th< 
 identity of the modern Theaki with the Ithaca of Homer." LORI 
 BYRON. 
 
 3. Itinerary of Gree'ce, 1810, r. 4to. 4. Itinerary of th( 
 Morea, 1817, 8vo. 5. Attica, 1817, fol. 6. Tour in th( 
 Morea, 1823, 8vo. 7. Topography of Rome and its VI 
 cinity, 1834, 3 vols. 8vo and r. 8vo; including the Map 
 1840, 2 vols. 8vo; with the Map. New ed., by E. H. Bun 
 bury, 1846, 8vo. This excellent work should accompany 
 Gibbon's Decline and Fall. To say nothing of the fatigu< 
 and trouble involved in this undertaking, the expense of 
 surveys and measurement alone was upwards of 500. 
 
 : These volumes are so replete with what is valuable, that wen 
 we to employ our entire journal, we could; after all, afford but ! 
 meagre indication of their interest and worth." Lon. Lit. Gazettt 
 8. By Sir Wm. Gell and J. P. Gandy, Pompeiana; or 
 descrip. of the Topog., Edifices, and Ornaments of Pom 
 peii, 1817-19, 2 vols. in 1, imp. 8vo and imp. 4to; 1824, 1 
 vols. r. 8vo ; 1852, 2 vols. r. 8vo. Second series, 1830, ! 
 vols. r. 8vo, imp. 8vo, and 4to. The value of these works 
 which give the result of the excavations since the com 
 mencement in 1748, need not be enlarged on. By thei 
 aid, he who stays in his library will have a better idea o; 
 Pompeii than he who visits the entombed city withou 
 them. Sir Wm. Gell also contributed to the letter-press o! 
 the illustrations of the Antiquities of lona, pub. by th 
 Society of Dilettanti, (of which he was a member,) 1797- 
 1840, 3 vols. imp. fol., pub. at 21. In this work will b 
 found the illustrations of the ruins of those buildings whicl 
 were distinguished by Vitruvius and other ancient writer 
 for their elegance and magnificence; such as the Tempi 
 of Bacchus, at Teos, the country of Anacreon ; the Tempi 
 dedicated to Minerva, at Priene, by Alexander of Macedon 
 and the Temple of Apollo Didymaeus, near Miletus. 
 
 "Gell's notions of authorship were of a very aristocratic natun 
 All his works were brought out on so large and extensive a sea] 
 as to be out of the reach of that class of readers for whom his top< 
 graphical and antiquarian researches would have been especiall 
 useful for travellers in those countries whose remains were d< 
 scribed by him." Dr. Madden 1 s Life of the Countefs of Blessingtot 
 where will be found some interesting notices of Gell. Also se 
 Willis's Pencillings by the Way; Byron's Hours of Idleness an 
 Notes; and an obituary notice of Sir Wm. in the Lon. Gent. Mag 
 June, 1836, 665, 666. 
 
 Gellibrand, Henry, 1597-1636, a native of Londor 
 educated at Trin. Coll., Oxf., became curate of Chidding 
 stone, Kent; Prof, of Astronomy at Gresbam Coll., 1(521 
 He pub. An Appendix concerning Longitude, 1633, A 
 Institution Trigonometrical, 1634, '52, a Discourse Ma 
 thematical, 1635, An Epitome of Navigation, 1674, '9 
 and a Latin Oration in praise of the Astronomy of Gas 
 sendus; but is best known as a writer by his completio: 
 of Henry Briggs's Trigonometric Britannicse, of which w 
 have already treated in the proper place. See Ather 
 Oxon.; Biog. Brit; Ward's Gresham Professors; Martin' 
 Biog. Philosophica. 
 
 Gellibrand, Joseph. Poem, Lon., 1783, 4to. 
 Gellius, John. 1. Apologia, Ac., Rupellae, 1605, 8v< 
 2. Epith. in Nuptias Fred. V., Heidelb., 1613, 4to. 3. Ac 
 clamatio ad Jacobum I., Edin., 1617, 4to. 
 
GEL 
 
 GER 
 
 Gellman, James. Bite of Rabid Animals, 1812. 
 
 Gem, Richard. The Stone, Lon., 1741. 
 
 Gemmil, John. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1736. 
 
 Genest, P. Account of the English Stage, 1660- 
 1830, Bath, 1832, 10 vols. 8vo. This work commences 
 where Collier's ends. Mr. G. is said to have spent his 
 whole life in collecting materials for this history. He 
 might have made a much better use of his time. Since 
 writing the above, we meet with the following : 
 
 " A more remarkable instance of waste of time and paper we 
 never remember." ion. Athenceum, Oct. 19, 1833. See this caustic 
 
 Geneste, M. The Parallel Histories of Judah and 
 Israel, Lon., 1843, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Useful in pointing out the times when the Prophets lived." 
 Bickerstetlts Chris. Stu. 
 
 Genevais, J. A. Navigation, Lon., 1769, 8vo. 
 Gengembre, P. W.. Prof, of Foreign Languages in 
 Girard Coll., Phila., and J. H. Brown. Elements of 
 English Grammar, Phila., 1855, 12mo. Highly com 
 mended by President W. H. Allen of Girard College, and 
 by many teachers of the public schools of Phila. 
 Genings, J. Life of E. Genings, 1614, 4to. 
 Gent. Vindic. of Europe and G. Brit., 1803. 
 Gent, Thomas, 1691-1778, a printer and antiquary 
 of York. 1. Hist, of York, Lon., 1703, 8vo. 2. Hist, of 
 Rippon, <fcc., York, 1733, 8vo. 3. Hist, of Kingston-upon- 
 Hull, 1735, 8vo. 4. Hist, of Eng. and Rome, 1741, 2 vols. 
 12mo. 5. Hist, of the great Eastern Window of St. Peter's 
 Cathedral, 1762, 8vo. 6. Life of St. Robert of Knares- 
 borough, <fcc., 12mo. 7. Job, a Poem. 8. Autobiography, 
 1832, 8vo. Other works. 
 
 "His autobiography is as characteristic as John Dunton's. and, 
 like it, contains much information relating to the state of the press 
 in his days, and the trade of literature." Southey's Doctor, q. v. 
 Gent, Thomas. Poetic Sketches, 1806, '07, '11. 
 Gentil. Solitary or Carthusian Gardener; being Dia 
 logues between a Gentleman and Gardener, 1706, 8vo. 
 
 Gentilis, Albericus, LL.D., 1550-1611, an Italian 
 lawyer, was in 1587 appointed by Queen Elizabeth Prof, 
 of Civil Law at Oxford, where he lectured for twenty-four 
 years. He pub. De Jure Belli, and some other works in 
 Latin. See Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Gentilis, Robert, 1590-1654, son of the preceding, 
 trans. Servita's Hist, of the Inquisition, and some other 
 works, into English. See Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Gentleman, Francis, 1728-1784, a soldier, actor, 
 and author. 1. Characters; an Epistle, Lon., 1766, 4to. 
 2. Royal Fables, 1766, 8vo. 
 " Poetical productions of very considerable merit." 
 3. Dramatic Censor, 1770, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. Ed. of Shak- 
 speare's Plays, pub. by Bell, 1774-75. 
 
 " The worst edition that ever appeared of any English author." 
 Sing. Dramat. 
 
 This is saying a great deal. 
 
 Gentleman, Robert. 1. Scholar's Companion, 1788, 
 12mo. 2. Addresses to Youth, Lon., 1792, 12mo. 
 
 Gentleman, Tobias. 1. The Best Way to make 
 England the most Wealthy Kingdom of Europe, by ad 
 vancing the Fishing Trade, Lon., fol. 2. England's Way 
 to Win Wealth and to employ Ships and Mariners,1614,4to. 
 Geoffrey de Vinsauf, temp.' Richard I., is supposed 
 by some to have written several works, but we can only 
 attribute to him with certainty a metrical Latin treatise 
 on the art of poetry, which bears the name of Nova Poe- 
 taria. For edits., and an account and specimens of this 
 treatise, see Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. There are many 
 MSS. of it extant. 
 
 " It is, however, a heavy, tiresome poem, and is only interesting 
 as being the key to the general style of the Latin poetical writers 
 of the thirteenth century which was formed on the rules given in 
 this work." Ubi supra. 
 
 Geoffrey Gaimar, a distinguished trouvlre of the 
 reign of Stephen, was the first who pub. an Anglo-Norman 
 version of the History of the British Kings by Geoffrey 
 of Monmouth. See the Ancient romance of Havelok the 
 Dane, <fec., with an Introduc., <fcc., by Fred. Madden, Esq. : 
 printed for the Roxburghe Club, Lon., 1828, 4to; the por 
 tion of Gaimar which relates to the story of Havelok; 
 Chroniques Anglo-Normandie, Rouen, 1835, 8vo ; Collec. 
 of Historians, ed. by order of the Record Commission, 
 vol. i. pp. 764-829; the portion of the history previous to 
 the Conquest, with the concluding lines of the poem, in 
 which the author speaks of himself and his undertaking ; 
 Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Geoffrey, or Stephen, Dean of Llandaff, flourished 
 1120, wrote a Life of the Welsh saint Telivaus or Teilo, 
 and is said to have composed the Register of the Church 
 of Llandaff, pub. by the Rev. W. J. Rees, for the Welsh 
 
 MSS. Society, Llandovery, 1840, 8vo. See Wharton's 
 Angl. Sac., ii. 662, Lon., 1691, fol. 
 
 Geoffrey of Monmouth, d. 1154, Archdeacon of 
 Monmouth, was made Bishop of St. Asaph in 1152, but 
 afterwards returned to the monastery of Abingdon, where 
 he was abbot. He wrote a Latin version of the prophecies, 
 <fec. of Merlin, Chronicon sive Historia Britonum, (written 
 about 1138 ?) ; and some other works are ascribed to him. 
 His History became very popular, and there are few works 
 of which so many MSS. are extant. Edits, in Latin, Paris, 
 1508, 4to; 1517, 4to; Heidelb., 1587, fol., (in Rerum Bri- 
 tan.,) Ac. For a particular account of edits, of this work 
 and its author, we refer to Thompson's Pref. to his trans. ; 
 Bale, Pits, and Tanner; Bp. Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib.; 
 Warton's Hi'st. of Eng. Poetry ; Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 Aaron Thompson's trans, into English was pub. Lon., 
 1718, 8vo. New ed., by J. A. Giles, LL.D., 1842, 8vo. 
 
 " It is impossible to consider Geoffrey of Monmouth's History 
 of the British Kings in any other light than as a tissue of fables. 
 Its author was either deceived by his materials, or he wished to 
 deceive his readers." Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Both Shakspeare and Milton have drawn from old 
 Geoffrey's Chronicle. Of the Life and Prophecies of Mer 
 lin, forty-two copies were printed for the Roxburghe Club 
 in 1830, 4to. 
 
 Geoghegan, Edward. Med. treatises, 1801-10. 
 
 George, Anita, Mrs., a native of Cuba, who came 
 to the U. States in 1848, and whilst in Boston completed 
 Memoirs of the Queens of Spain, with Notes by Miss 
 Pardoe, Lon., 1850, 2 vols. 8vo. Severely condemned in 
 the London Athenaeum, 1850, 918-19, 1375-76. 
 
 " It is unfortunate, however, for the present writer that this 
 portion of Spanish history should have been so ably and so com 
 pletely gone over by an historian of such high standing as Mr. 
 Prescott^and we can easily believe the hesitation and anxiety 
 which the writer modestly tells us she felt in entering on this 
 part of her task. . . . We regret that Mrs. George should so re 
 peatedly throw out insinuations as to the integrity of Isabella's 
 motives, both in her war against the Moor, and in the severer 
 measures adopted by her against the Jews. Mr. Prescott, who 
 certainly has had access to every document which could throw 
 light on her character, expressly maintains ' the unsuspected in 
 tegrity of her motives.' " Ubi supra. 
 
 George, John. 1. Offence of Libel, Lon., 1812, 8vo. 
 
 " Too much praise cannot be given to him for the liberality of 
 the principles which pervade it." Edin. Rev., Oct. 1813. 
 
 2. Law rel. to Joint Stock Companies, 2d ed., 1825, 8vo. 
 3. Cause of Dry Rot Discovered, 8vo. 
 
 " One of the most valuable of modern improvements." Lon. 
 Gardener's Mag.. April, 1829. 
 
 George, Wm., D.D. Serms., 1732, '49. 
 
 Georgeson, Sir P. Defence of Parl. In Latin. Trans, 
 by S. Rand, Lon., 1692, 4to. 
 
 Gerahty, James. Letter to Lord Cottenham, 1845. 
 
 Gerahty, James. See GERATHY. 
 
 Gerard, Alexander, D.D., 1728-1795, a divine of 
 the Ch. of Scotland; Prof, of Philos. in Marischal Coll., 
 Aberdeen, 1750; of Divinity, 1760; of Divinity in King's 
 Coll., Aberdeen, 1771. 1. Essay on Taste, Lon., 1759, 8vo ; 
 Edin., 1764, 12mo; 1780, 8vo. 2. Serms., 1759-61. 3. 
 Dissertations, 1766, '67, 8vo. 4. Essay on Genius, 1767, 
 '74, 8vo. 5. Serms., 1776-78. 6. 19 Serms., Lon., 1780- 
 82, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " His Sermons were simple and plain, adapted to the common 
 class of hearers, but so accurate as to secure the approbation of 
 the ablest judges." CHALMERS. 
 
 7. Pastoral Care, ed. by Gilbert Gerard, 1799, 8vo. 
 
 " In this highly meritorious work the able author has rendered 
 that service to the Church of Scotland which our own had pre 
 viously derived from that of Bp. Burnet." Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 8. Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion, by 
 Alex. Gerard, D.D., and Gilbert Gerard, D.D., 1828, 8vo. 
 See Encyc. Brit. 
 
 Gerard, Capt. Alexander. 1. Account of Koona- 
 wur in the Himalaya, ed. by G. Lloyd, Lon., 1841, 8vo. 
 
 "If the adventures through which Captain Gerard passed had 
 been in the hands of some of our book-makers, what three-tomed 
 ad-captandum exploits they would have carved out of them ! What 
 pencillings Willis would have made from Captain Gerard's expe 
 riences !" Lon. Atlas, Nov. 13, 1841. 
 
 2. Capt. A. Gerard and Major Sir Wm. Lloyd's Tours in 
 the Himalaya, 1846, 2 vols. in 1, 8vo. 
 
 " Of the three tours, the two by the enterprising brothers Gerard 
 were purely scientific in their objects. . . . Major Sir W. Lloyd's 
 contribution is in the form of a journal; and is the most popular 
 portion of the work." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 " A more valuable and engaging work we would strive in vain 
 at this moment to name among the recent mass of new books." 
 Lon. Monthly Rev. 
 
 Gerard, Gilbert, D.D., d. 1815, Prof, of Greek, and 
 subsequently of Divinity, in King's Coll., Aberdeen, was a 
 son of Dr. Alexander Gerard. 1. Serm., Lon., 1797, 8vo. 
 2. Institutes of Biblical Criticism, Lon., 1806, 8vo; Edin., 
 1808, 8vo. 
 
GER 
 
 GIB 
 
 "Of general and elementary treatises there is none which is more 
 to be recommended, either for perspicuity or correctness, than the 
 Institutes of Biblical Criticism, by Dr. Gerard." BISHOP MARSH. 
 
 " No one can deny the merit of accurate learning and judicious 
 arrangement to this work; but it certainly is one of the driest and 
 most uninteresting books ever written on the Bible." Orme's 
 Bibl. Bib. 
 
 See GERARD, ALEXANDER, D.D. 
 
 Gerard, James, M.D. 1. Con. to Med. Com., 1785. 
 2. Con. to Mem. Med., 1795. 
 
 Gerard, or Gerrard, \Vm. The Seaman's Preceptor, 
 1803, 8vo. 
 
 Gerarde, John, 1545-1607? a surgeon and herbalist 
 1. Catalogus Arboriuin, &c., Lon., 1596, 4to; 1599, fol. 
 Very rare. 2. The Herbal; or, General Hist, of Plants, 
 1597, fol. By Dr. Thomas Johnson, 1633, '36, fol.; 1744, 
 8vo. 
 
 "From its being well timed, from its comprehending almost the 
 whole of the subjects then known, by being written in English, 
 and ornamented with a more numerous set of figures than had 
 ever accompanied any work of the kind in this kingdom, it ob 
 tained great repute." PULTENEY. 
 
 See PARKINSON, JOHN. 
 
 "A book in which the botanical student will find much amuse 
 ment, and an excellence of description rare even in modern works." 
 Dr. J. Johnston's Berwick Flora. 
 
 " It is not now esteemed at all by botanists, at least in the first 
 edition." Hattam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 See Sir James Edward Smith's English Flora. He often 
 quotes and commends it. 
 
 Gerardot, Rev. J. French Grammar, Ac., 1815. 
 
 Gerat,Capt. Barry. Military Discipline. In Irish, 
 with figures, Bruxelles, 1634," fol. 
 
 Gerathy, or Gerahty, James. 1. State of Ireland, 
 Lon., 1799, Svo. 2. The Union, 1799, 8vo. 
 
 Gerbier, Sir Balthasar, 1591-1667, an artist, a na 
 tive of Antwerp, emigrated to England, where he resided 
 at the time of bis death. He pub. some treatises on For 
 tifications, Building, <fcc., 1649-65. See Lowndes's Bibl. 
 Man.; Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting; Piikington's Diet; 
 Lysons's Environs. 
 
 Gerbier, Charles. 1. Astrologo-Mastrix, Lon., 1646, 
 4to. 2. The Praise of Worthy Women, 1651, 12mo. 
 
 Gerbier, George D'Ouvilly. The False Favourite 
 disgraced, &c. ; a Tragi-Com., Lon., 1657, 12mo. 
 
 Gere, Win. Reformation of the Law, 1659, 4to. 
 
 Geree, John, 1600-1649, a Puritan divine, minister 
 of St. Alban's, 1645, of St. Faith's, London, 1649, pub. 
 Vindiciae Ecclesiae Anglicanae, 1644, 4to, some serins., &c. 
 
 Geree, John. Serm., Lon., 1706, 4to. 
 
 Geree, Stephen, brother of the first-named John, 
 and also a Puritan divine, pub. a Serm., Lon., 1639, 8vo, 
 and The Doctrines of the Antinomians confuted; an an 
 swer to Dr. Crisp, Lon., 1644, 4to. 
 
 Gerhard, Benjamin, a lawyer of Phila. Williams 
 (Joshua) on Personal Property. Second Amer. from the 
 Eng. ed. of 1852. Carefully and thoroughly annotated, by 
 B. G., Phila., 1854, 8vo. See WILLIAMS, JOSHUA. 
 
 Gerhard, W. W., M.D., b. 1809, in Philadelphia, Lec 
 turer on Clinical Med. in the Univ. of Penna., brother of 
 the preceding. 1. Clinical Guide, Phila., 8vo. 2. Lect on 
 the Diagnosis, Pathology, and Treatment of the Diseases 
 of the Chest, 1842, 8vo; new ed., 1854, 8vo. 
 
 " This is the best refutation of the charges which are constantly 
 made against physical exploration in medicine, by those who ap 
 pear to imagine that science can never advance beyond the point 
 at which they ceased to learn." Amer. Jour, of Med. Sti. 
 
 Edited Graves's System of Clinical Medicine, with Notes 
 and Additions, Phila., 8vo. He has also contributed many 
 articles to the Amer. Jour. Medical Sciences, Medical Exa 
 miner, Ac. 
 
 Gerland, flourished 1082, the earliest known writer in 
 England in mathematical science after the Norman Con 
 quest, composed a treatise on the Computus, beginning with 
 1182, and a treatise on the Abacus. The first will be found 
 in the British Museum, and the latter in the Bibliotheque 
 Royale at Paris ; both in MS. 
 
 " The author appears to be learned in his subject, and avows 
 that his design in compiling this work [on the Computus] was to 
 correct and clear up the errors and doubts of his predecessors, espe 
 cially of Bede." Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Gerrald, or Gerald, Joseph. Political tracts, 1793, 
 94, 8vo. 
 
 Gerrans, B. Travels of Rabbi Benjamin through 
 Europe, Asia, and Africa, Lon., 1783, 12mo. These travels 
 were performed during the 12th century. 
 
 Gerrard, Miss, d. 1807, pub. a vol. of miscellanies in 
 prose and verse. 
 
 Gerrard, John. Poems, Lon., 1770, 4to. 
 
 Gerrard, Rev. John. The Roman Sigallarium, Lon., 
 1792, 4to. In English and Latin. This valuable treatise 
 660 
 
 a great assistance to those engaged in the study of Roman 
 antiquities, was reprinted in Facciolati's Lexicon. 
 
 Gerrard, Philip. A Godly Invective, Lon., 1547, 
 '59, Svo. He advocates "free passage" for the Bible. 
 
 Gerry, Elbridge, 1744-1814, a native of Marblehead, 
 Mass.,-Governor of Mass., 1810, Vice-Prest U. States, 1813, 
 pub. some political papers. See James T. Austin's Memoirs 
 of his Life, Boston, 1828, Svo ; reviewed by Edward Eve 
 rett, in N. Amer. Rev., xxviii. 37; Goodrich's Lives; 
 Amer. Quar. Rev., iii. 469. 
 
 Gersaint, E. F. Etchings of Rembrandt, 1752. 
 
 Gervase, a monk of the priory of Christ Church, Can 
 terbury, temp. Richard I., wrote Tractatus de Combustione 
 et reparatione Dorobornensis ecclesiae, (in Eng. ed. by A. 
 J. Dunkin, Lon., 1845, 8vo;) another tract; a history of 
 the Archbishops of Canterbury ; and a Chronicle of the 
 reigns of Stephen, Henry II., and Richard I. These will 
 be found in Twysden's Hist. Anglican. Scriptores Decem, 
 1652, fol. ; coll. 1285-1684. 
 
 "Reported to have been a most judicious antiquary, and me 
 thodical historian, and to have made excellent collections of th 
 British and English story, from the coming in of the Trojans down 
 to the year 1200." Bishop Nicohon's Eng. Hist. Lib. 
 
 " His chronicle of the reigns of Stephen, Henry, and Richard, is 
 one of the most valuable of the historical memorials of the twelfth 
 century." Wright's Bin/. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Gervase of Chichester, flourished 1170, is best 
 known by his Commentary on the prophecy of Malachi 
 on the duties of the Priesthood, of which there is a good 
 MS. in the British Museum, MS. Reg. iii., B. x. He also 
 wrote a book of Homilies, and some other theolog. treatises. 
 
 Gervase of Tilbury, temp. Henry II., has had a 
 number of works ascribed to him, but an eminent authority 
 (Thomas Wright) assures us that the Otia Imperialia is the 
 only one he is known with any certainty to have written. 
 The Otia Imperialia is a curious compendium of history, 
 geography, natural phenomena, <fcc. For an account of 
 this work, its edits., and other works ascribed to Gervase, 
 see Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit, and authorities there cited. 
 
 Gervis, Henry. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1811. 
 
 Gery, Robert, of Islington. Serm., 1706. 
 
 Gery, Thomas. Divinity of the Scriptures, 1657. 
 
 Gesner, Abraham, M.D., a distinguished geologist, 
 a native of Cornwallis, Nova Scotia, has pub. a work on 
 the Mineralogy and Geology of Nova Scotia, one on the 
 Industrial Resources of Nova Scotia, and several other 
 treatises. He has also attained considerable reputation as 
 a chemist, and among the results of his investigations is 
 the discovery of the Keroseal Gas. 
 
 "The Mineralogy and Geology of Nova Scotia was the guide 
 book of Sir Charles Lyell in his geological survey of Nova Scotia, 
 and after the most thorough examination was pronounced by him 
 to be exceedingly correct." Men of the Time, N. York, 1852. 
 
 Gest, Edmund. A Treatise againste the preue Masse, 
 in the behalfe and furtheraunce of the mooste holye Coin- 
 munyon, Lon., 1548, 16mo. 
 
 Gethin, Lady Grace, 1676-1697, a daughter of Sir 
 George Norton of Abbots-Leith, Somersetshire, married 
 Sir Richard Gethin of Gethin-grott, in Ireland. After her 
 death was pub. Reliquiae Gethinianae ; a Collection of choice 
 Discourses, Pleasant Apothegms, and Witty Sentences, 
 Lon., 1699, 1700, 4to. Very rare. See Ballard's Memoirs 
 of British Ladies. 
 
 Gething, Richard, a famous penman, a native of 
 Herefordshire, settled in London about 1616. 1. A Copy 
 book, ob. 4to. 2. Chirographia, 1645, '64. 3. Calligrapho- 
 technia, 1652, fol. 
 
 Getseus, Daniel. Ch. of England, Ac., Oxon., 
 1658, Svo. 
 
 Getz, George. Precedents in Conveyancing, 3d ed., 
 Phila., 1845, Svo. See Western Law Jour., 140. 
 
 Geyer, H. S. Statutes of Missouri, St. Louis, 1817. 
 
 Ghyles, Thomas. Joint Sickness or Gout, 1685. 
 
 Gib, Adam, 1713-1788, a native of Perthshire, was 
 one of the founders of the Secession Church in Scotland. 
 See ERSKINE, EBENEZER, and authorities there referred 
 to, and Stark's Biographia Scotica. Gib was the leader 
 of the division called Antiburghers. 1. Present Truth; a 
 display of the Secession Testimony, Edin., 1774, 2 vols. 
 8vo. 2. Sacred Contemplations, &c., 1786. 
 
 Gibb, John. Serm. on Rom. xiii. 6, 7, Brist, 1721, 4to. 
 
 Gibbens, Nicholas. Questions and Disputations 
 upon the first fourteen Chapters of Genesis, Lon., 1601, 4to. 
 
 Gibbes, Charles, D.D. 31 Serms., Lon., 1677, 4to. 
 
 Gibbes, George Smith, M.D., pub. treatises on 
 Animal Matters, 1796; Bath Waters, 1800, '03 ; and con. 
 to Phil. Trans., 1794, and to Nicholson's Jour., 1799. 
 
 Gibbes, Robert Wilson, M.D., b. 1809, in Charles 
 ton, S.C.. President of the South Carolina Medical Associa- 
 
GIB 
 
 GIB 
 
 tion. 1. Memoir of James De Veaux, the Artist, 1845. 2. 
 Biographical Sketch of Charles Fraser, the Artist. 3. Do 
 cumentary History of the American Revolution ; consisting 
 of Letters and Papers relating to the Contest for Liberty, 
 chiefly in South Carolina, from Originals in the possession 
 of the Editor, and other Sources, Columbia. S.C., and N.Y., 
 1853, <fcc.,3 vols. 8vo: vol. i., 1764-1776 ; vol. ii., 1776-1781; 
 vol. iii., 1781-1782. 
 
 " The editor, with a rare spirit of patriotism, has been engaged 
 for twenty-five years in collecting these valuable and interesting 
 papers, in the hope of preserving materials for American history 
 which might otherwise have been lost. These are given for their 
 intrinsic value, and in the order of dates, without reference to spe 
 cial events. He trusts they will be received, as they are offered, as 
 a contribution to the historj' of that glorious Revolution of which 
 every memorial is dear to South Carolina and her sister States." 
 
 In 1842, he pub., in Ainer. Jour, of Med. Sciences, an ar 
 ticle on Pneumonia, which revolutionized its treatment, by 
 opposing the use of the lancet. It has been incorporated 
 in Watson's Practice of Medicine. 
 
 Gibbings, Richard. Roman Forgeries, <fcc., Lon., 
 1842, '49, 8vo. 
 
 Gibbon. Serm. on Justification, Ac., 1676. 
 
 Gibbon, Alex. Past and Present Delusions in the 
 Polit. Econ. of the United Kingdom, Lon., 1850, 8vo. 
 
 Gibbon, Charles, pub. The Remedie of Reason, 
 1589, 4to; A Work worth the Reading, <fcc., 1590-1604, 
 all 4to. 
 
 Gibbon, Echvard, April 27, 1737 Jan. 16, 1794, 
 one of the most eminent of modern historians, was de 
 scended from an ancient family of Kent. His grandfather, 
 Edward Gibbon, was one of the Commissioners of Customs 
 during the last four years of Queen Anne; and his father, 
 also Edward Gibbon, sat in Parliament in 1 734 for Peters- 
 field, and in 1741 for Southampton. The subject of this 
 notice, born at Putney, in Surrey, the eldest of five bro 
 thers and a sister, all of whom died in their infancy, was 
 admitted at Westminster school in 1749, and, three years 
 later, in 1752, was matriculated as a gentleman-commoner 
 of Magdalen College, Oxford. Not having received that 
 preparatory training which could alone have qualified him 
 for deriving much advantage from his collegiate course, 
 we need not marvel that the fourteen months which he 
 spent at this famous seat of learning were "idle and un 
 profitable." He tells us, indeed, that he brought to Ox 
 ford "a stock of erudition that might have puzzled a 
 doctor, and a degree of ignorance of which a schoolboy 
 would have been ashamed;" but the latter statement will 
 be accepted with more readiness than the former. At the 
 early age of sixteen he was led, by the perusal of the 
 works of Bossuet and Parsons, to entertain doubts of the 
 soundness of the principles of the Reformation, and in 
 1753 we find him solemnly abjuring these errors at the 
 feet of a Roman Catholic priest in London. His father, 
 anxious both for his mental improvement and spiritual 
 benefit, sent him to Lausanne, in Switzerland, charging 
 his instructor, the Rev. Mr. Pavilliard, a Calvinist minis 
 ter, to persuade him, if possible, of the unsoundness of 
 the tenets which he had so lately embraced. Young Gib 
 bon was not impregnable, and on Christmas day, 1754, 
 only eighteen months after his conversion to Romanism, 
 after " a full conviction," he received the sacrament in 
 the church at Lausanne. 
 
 Having now none of the temptations to gay company 
 which had robbed him of many of his college hours, he 
 applied himself to study with a praiseworthy anxiety to 
 store his mind with useful knowledge, and speedily ac 
 quired a creditable acquaintance with the Greek,Latin, and 
 French languages, Jurisprudence, and Belles-Lettres. His 
 hours of application were relieved by the society of a young 
 lady of great beauty and many accomplishments, Made 
 moiselle Susan Curchod, to whom the attentions of the 
 English student were not disagreeable. But the father of 
 the object of his affections discouraging a matrimonial 
 alliance, the young people bore their disappointment in a 
 most philosophical manner. Gibbon tells us that his 
 wound was insensibly healed by time, and that the lady 
 was not unhappy : he returned to the classics, and Mile. 
 Curchod became the wife of the celebrated Mr. Necker, 
 and the mother of Mme. de Stael. But the youthful lover 
 did not seek consolation in the marriage state; he lived 
 and died a bachelor. " Since the failure of my first wishes," 
 he remarks, when over fifty. " I have never entertained 
 any serious thoughts of a matrimonial connection." 
 
 In 1758 he returned to England, after an absence of 
 nearly five years, and, through his acquaintance with David 
 Mallett, gained admittance into a class of society which 
 enabled him to display his own acquirements, and gather 
 that general knowledge of current English literature in 
 
 I which he felt himself to be not so well versed as in more 
 abstruse researches. Finding that Swift, Addison, Ro 
 bertson, and Hume, were praised for various graces of 
 style, or strength and perspicuity of diction, he read them 
 with great care, and ardently longed to gain some measure 
 of that distinction which had rewarded their efforts to in 
 struct or please the world. 
 
 In 1761 Gibbon confided to Dr. Maty the secret that he 
 had in a matured state an Essai sur 1'etude de la Litt6ra- 
 ture, composed in French, and requested his opinion of its 
 merits. His counsellor urged its publication, and when 
 the young author hesitated to trust himself into the hands 
 of critics, his father, ever anxious for his advancement, 
 insisted upon its being given to the world. Accordingly, 
 it made its appearance in 1761, in a 12mo vol. The foreign 
 critics commended it, but at home it was scarcely noticed, 
 and made no impression at all upon the public mind. 
 Some years later it was sought for with avidity : 
 
 " The publication of my History, fifteen years afterwards, revived 
 the memory of my first production, and the Essay was eagerly 
 sought for in the shops; but I refused the permission of reprint 
 ing it, and when a copy has been discovered at a sale, the primi 
 tive value of 2s. Qd. has risen to the fanciful price of 20 or 30 
 shillings." Autobiography. 
 
 About the time of the publication of this Essay he was 
 appointed Captain of the South battalion of the Hampshire 
 militia, and for two years and a half endured "a wander 
 ing life of military servitude." He discharged bis duties 
 with zeal and fidelity, but was not sorry to return to the 
 ease of civil life, upon the disbanding of his regiment on 
 the restoration of peace in 1762-63. At a later period he 
 resumed his military duties, and attained the rank of 
 lieutenant-colonel, and commandant of his regiment. In 
 1763 he again visited the continent, furnished with letters 
 to persons of distinction in France from Horace Walpole, 
 the Duke de Nivernois, Lady Hervey, and David Mallett. 
 In Paris he was pleased to find that his Essay had made 
 his name familiar to the leaders of fashion and letters, and 
 he soon mingled on easy terms with D'Alembert, Diderot, 
 Helvetius, Count de Caylus, the Abbe de Bleterie, Bar- 
 thelemy, Raynal, Arnaud, and others of more or less note. 
 
 Those who appear surprised at the deep-seated infidelity 
 and easy effrontery in indecency which are so painfully 
 manifest in the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 
 lay too little stress on the fact that a moral ruin in the 
 better nature of the author had preceded the political 
 decadence which he has so eloquently described. We haA r e 
 here, of course, no reference to habits of life or the eco 
 nomy of social duties. We go further : we speak of the 
 " heart, out of which are the issues of life," and we affirm 
 that, when the desire of the approbation and fear of the 
 judgments of God have been banished, then the glory has 
 departed from the temple, and the palace, however beauti 
 ful, can claim but the chilling grandeur of the tomb. 
 
 In May, 1763, Gibbon revisited Lausanne, where he had 
 resided for nearly a year, and in 1764 we find him, with 
 all that devotion which he had once cherished for Chris 
 tianity transferred to the worship of classical antiquity, a 
 pilgrim at the gates of the Eternal City. 
 
 He had long anxiously revolved in his mind many pro 
 minent eras in the history of the world, in the hope of ac 
 quiring by their happy treatment that fame which Robert 
 son and Hume considered as an ample reward for their 
 " days and nights" of patient research and wearisome toil. 
 
 The mind of Gibbon was therefore in a state peculiarly 
 alive to the influence of strong emotion, and this visit to 
 Rome decided the theme which should carry his name to 
 posterity, gathering in its progress, we may add, the 
 mingled admiration and reproach of successive generations 
 to the end of time. That biographer will do the historian 
 injustice who shall relate for him what he has so eloquently 
 told himself the inception and completion of the Decline 
 and Fall of the Roman Empire. 
 
 "It was at Rome," he tells us, " on the 15th of October, 1764, as 
 I sat musing amidst the ruins of the Capitol, while the bare-footed 
 friars were singing vespers in the temple of Jupiter, that the idea 
 of writing the decline and fall of the city first started to my mind. 
 But my original plan was circumscribed to the decay of the city 
 rather than of the empire ; and. though my reading and reflectiong 
 began to point towards that object, some years elapsed, and seve 
 ral avocations intervened, before I was seriously engaged in the 
 execution of that laborious work." Autobiography. 
 
 In 1767, Mr. Deyverdun, a Swiss gentleman, then in 
 England, to whom Gibbon was warmly attached, united 
 with him in the publication of a literary Journal, entitled 
 Memoires Litteraires de la Grande Bfetagne, of which only 
 two vols. appeared, (1767-68.) 
 
 " It is not my wish to deny how deeply I was interested in these 
 Memoirs, of which I need not be ashamed. ... I will presume to 
 say that their merit was superior to their reputation ; but it is 
 
 661 
 
GIB 
 
 GIB 
 
 not less true that they were productions of more reputation than 
 emolument." Autobiography. 
 
 We may remark that the version of part of Anstey's 
 New Bath Guide, in the Memoirs, has been declared equal 
 to the celebrated Towneley Hudibras : the Review of Wai- 
 pole's Historic Doubts was written by David Hume. These 
 two (12mo) vols. are now rare. Hanrott's copy sold for 
 6 16. 6rf. Gibbon's next publication an anonymous one, 
 in 1770 was Critical Observations on the Sixth Book of the 
 JSneid. This was an attack upon Bishop Warburton's 
 celebrated hypothesis in the Divine Legation of Moses, 
 respecting the descent of JEneas to hell. 
 
 " According to Bishop Warburton the descent to hell is not a 
 felse but a mimic scene ; which represents the initiation of ^Eneas, 
 in the character of a lawgiver, to the Eleusinian mysteries. This 
 hypothesis, a singular character in the divine legation of Moses, 
 had been admitted by many as true; it was praised by all as inge 
 nious, nor had it been exposed, in a space of thirty years, to a fair 
 and critical discussion. ... As the Bishop of Gloucester and his 
 party maintained discreet silence, my critical disquisition was soon 
 lost among the pamphlets of the day ; but the public coldness was 
 overbalanced to my feelings by the weighty approbation of the last 
 and best editor of Virgil, Professor Heyne, of Gottingeu; who ac 
 quiesces in my confutation, and styles the unknown author ' doc- 
 tus . . . et elegantissimus Britannus.' ... In the fifteen years 
 between my Essay on the Study of Literature and the first volume 
 of the Decline and Fall, (1761-1776,) this criticism on Warburton, 
 and some articles in the journal, were my sole publications." 
 Autobiography. 
 
 From the year 1768, Gibbon devoted himself with zealous 
 industry to the preparation of his great work, " the labour 
 of six quartos and twenty years," and in 1776 gave the 
 first volume to the world. Its success was immediate and 
 complete. 
 
 " I am at a loss how to describe the success of the work, without 
 betraying the vanity of the writer. The first impression was ex 
 hausted in a few days; a second and third edition were scarcely 
 adequate to the demand; and the bookseller's property was twice 
 invaded by the pirates of Dublin. My book was upon every table, 
 and almost on every toilette; the historian was crowned by the 
 taste or fashion of the day." 
 
 But though the "historian" was warmly and justly com 
 mended, the assailant of Christianity did not escape strong 
 and deserved rebuke. A list of the principal strictures 
 elicited by the famous 15th and 16th chapters will be found 
 in Chalmers's Biog. Diet., to which we refer the reader. 
 Some of these works we have already had occasion to no 
 tice, and others will come under our consideration in future 
 portions of this volume. Among those particularly noticed 
 by Gibbon in his Autobiography are those of Davis, Wat 
 son, Apthorpe, Taylor, Priestley, Dalrymple, and White. 
 Bishop Watson's work An Apology for Christianity, in a 
 Series of Letters to Edward Gibbon is now the best-known 
 of these vindications. It is not at all necessary that we 
 should enlarge upon a theme which has received such am 
 ple consideration from so many who are well qualified to 
 judge in the premises. That Gibbon was successful in de 
 ceiving even himself by his sophistry we do not at all 
 believe; and that any candid inquirer can attach much 
 weight to objections so specious it is still more difficult to 
 credit. The aversion with which the mind of the historian 
 contemplated the subject of Christianity can be no marvel 
 when we remember the impenitent remorse which must 
 have mingled with his assumption of philosophical skepti 
 cism. That he strove to be an infidel we have ample evi 
 dence: that he ever rested satisfied in the exchange which 
 he had made for the faith of his early days we cannot 
 concede. He speaks of Christianity as we may imagine 
 the ingrate to speak of that friend whose kindness he had 
 rewarded by an attempt to ruin his peace, betray his con 
 fidence, and blast his reputation. To use the admirable 
 language of Mr. Milman, 
 
 "Christianity alone receives no embellishment from the magic 
 of Gibbon's language ; his imagination is dead to its moral dignity ; 
 it is kept down by a general tone of jealous disparagement, or neu 
 tralised by a painfully elaborate exposition of its darker and de 
 generate periods. There are occasions, indeed, when its pure and 
 exalted humanity, when its manifestly beneficial influence, can 
 compel even him, as it were, to fairness, and kindle his unguarded 
 eloquence to its usual fervour; but in general he soon relapses into 
 frigid apathy, affects an ostentatiously severe impartiality ; notes 
 all the faults of Christians in every age with bitter and almost 
 malignant sarcasm; reluctantly, and with exception and reserva 
 tion, admits their claim to admiration. . . . The glories of Chris 
 tianity, in short, touch on no cord in the heart of the writer; his 
 imagination remains unkindled; his words, though they maintain 
 their stately and measured march, have become cool, argumenta 
 tive, and inanimate." 
 
 In 1774 Mr. Gibbon entered the House of Commons, in 
 which he sat for eight years a silent supporter of Lord 
 North's administration. His claims were not overlooked, 
 and a seat at the Board of Trade, with an income of 700 
 to 800, which be enjoyed for three years, was an agreeable 
 addition to the revenue derived from his paternal acres. 
 
 In 1781 appeared the 2d and 3d vols. of the Decline and 
 Fall. The author complains of " the coldness and even 
 prejudice of the town," but we are assured by contempo 
 raneous authority that they were received with "eager 
 ness and approbation." In September, 1783, the historian 
 put into execution a plan long cherished and ardently 
 anticipated, a permanent establishment at Lausanne. 
 
 " From my early acquaintance with Lausanne, I had always 
 cherished a secret wish that the school of my youth might become 
 the retreat of my declining age. A moderate fortune would secure 
 the blessings of ease, leisure, and independence : the country, the 
 people, the manners, the language, were congenial to niy taste; 
 and I might indulge the hope of passing some years in the do 
 mestic society of a friend. After travelling with several Knglish, 
 Mr. Deyverdun was now settled at home, in a pleasant habitation, 
 the gift of his deceased aunt: we had long been separated, we had 
 long been silent; yet in my first, letter I exposed, with the most 
 perfect confidence, my situation, my sentiments, and my designs. 
 His immediate answer was a warm and joyful acceptance : the 
 picture of our future life provoked my impatience; and the terms 
 of arrangement were short and simple, as he possessed the pro 
 perty, and I undertook the expense of our common house." 
 Autobiography. 
 
 In this delightful retreat, the charms of which the 
 recluse has drawn with so exquisite a pencil, the concluding 
 chapters of the Decline and Fall moved rapidly on to 
 completion, and, in 1787, vols. iv., v., and vi., were ready 
 for the press. Bearing in remembrance what we have 
 remarked in a preceding page, we give the account of the 
 author's feelings on concluding a work so grand, so truly 
 great, in his own language : 
 
 "It was on the day. or rather night, of the 27th of June, 1787, 
 between the hours of eleven and twelve, that I wrote the last 
 lines of the last page, in a summer-house in my garden. After 
 laying down my pen, I took several turns in a berceau, or covered 
 walk of acacias, which commands a prospect of the country, the 
 lake, and the mountains. The air was temperate, the sky was 
 serene, the silver orb of the moon was reflected from the waters, 
 and all nature was silent. I will not dissemble the first emotions 
 of joy on the recovery of my freedom, and, perhaps, the establish 
 ment of my fame. But my pride was soon humbled, and a sober 
 melancholy was spread over my mind, by the idea that I had taken 
 an everlasting leave of an old and agreeable companion, and that 
 whatsoever might be the future date of my history, the life of the 
 historian must be short and precarious." 
 
 Alas for that prospect which is bounded by the tomb ! 
 Had the hope of the Christian animated the breast of the 
 scholar, the anticipation of a " life short and precarious," 
 instead of being a cause of grief, would have been produc 
 tive of joy. But the thought of the Morning of the Resur 
 rection, if at all entertained by the skeptic, could have 
 been a source of nothing but horror, surely not of desire. 
 Thus did not Boerhaave, thus did not Grotius, nor New 
 ton, nor Burke, regard the coming on of " that night when 
 no man can work." The historian proceeds to remark : 
 
 " I will add two facts, which have seldom occurred in the com 
 position of six, or even of five, quartos. 1. My first rou^h manu 
 script, without any intermediate copy, has been sent to the press. 
 2. Not a sheet has been seen by any human eyes excepting those 
 of the author and the printer; the faults and the merits are ex 
 clusively my own." Autobiography. 
 
 Gibbon now visited England, to superintend the publica 
 tion of the conclusion of bis work, for which he received 
 a large sum from the publisher, Mr. Cadell. When the 
 sheets were all printed, the day of publication was de 
 layed, that it might coincide with the author's fifty-first 
 anniversary of his birthday : 
 
 " The double festival was celebrated by a cheerful literary din 
 ner at Mr. Cadell's house; and I seemed to blush while they read 
 an elegant compliment from Mr. Hayley, whose poetical talents 
 had more than once been employed in the praises of his friend." 
 
 The sale of the last vols. was rapid; and, to supply the 
 demand, an edition of the whole work, in 12 vols. 8vo, was 
 pub., 1788-90. Gibbon's profit on the whole is stated to 
 have been 6000, whilst the booksellers netted the hand 
 some sum of 60,000. 
 
 Mr. Gibbon returned to Lausanne, July 30, 1788, and in 
 about a year from this time met with an irreparable loss 
 in the death of his friend Deyverdun. He was now thrown 
 more upon his own resources for amusement, and occupied 
 himself in writing his own Memoirs, to which we have 
 been largely indebted in this sketch, projecting a series 
 of biographical portraits of eminent Englishmen from the 
 time of Henry VIII., (never prepared,) and some other 
 literary labours. 
 
 The events which followed the first excesses of the 
 French Revolution threatened the peace of Switzerland, 
 and the blast of war startled the recluse in his library. 
 With reluctant steps he left the charming retreat, endeared 
 to him alike by the remembrances of boyhood and the 
 tranquil satisfactions of mature years, and bent his way to 
 the great metropolis of his native land. He arrived at 
 London in June, 1793, spent some time in the city with 
 his friend Lord Sheffield, and subsequently accompanied 
 
GIB 
 
 GIB 
 
 him to Sheffield Place, where they passed the summer. In 
 October he paid a visit to Mrs. Gibbon, the widow of his 
 father, and to Lord Spencer at Althorp, and then returned 
 to London, where he expired, after a few hours' illness, 
 January 15, 1794, from the effects of a rupture (resulting 
 in hydrocele) of more than thirty years' standing. 
 
 " The valet-de-chambre observed, that Mr. Gibbon did not, at 
 any time, shew the least sign of alarm, or apprehension of death; 
 and it does not appear that he ever thought himself in danger, 
 unless his desire to speak to Mr. Darrell may be considered in that 
 light." Lord Sheffield's Memoirs. 
 
 His lordship informs us that, "twenty hours before his 
 death, Mr. Gibbon happened to fall into a conversation 
 not uncommon with him on the probable duration of his 
 life. He said that he thought himself good for ten, twelve, 
 or perhaps twenty years." 
 
 In 1799, Lord Sheffield, for many years his attached 
 friend, pub. The Miscellaneous Works of Edward Gibbon, 
 Esq., with Memoirs of his Life and Writings, composed 
 by himself: illustrated from his Letters, with occasional 
 Notes and Narrative, 2 vols. 4to. A 3d vol. was added in 
 1815; and a new ed. of the whole, with addits., in 5 vols. 
 8vo, was issued in the same year ; also pub. in r. 8vo. New 
 ed., in one large 8vo vol., pp. 848, 1837. The Antiquities 
 of the House of Brunswick was printed (privately) sepa 
 rately in 1814. The forty-fourth chapter of the Decline 
 and Fall, under the title of A Survey of the Civil Law, 
 Ac., has been printed separately several times at home 
 and abroad. 
 
 There are several French edits., one corrected and en 
 larged by Professor Warnkoenig, Liege, 182], 8vo. See 
 also A Survey of the Civil Law, with Notes by Professor 
 Hugo; trans, from the German by W. Gardiner, Edin., 
 1824, 12mo. The value of this Survey it would be diffi 
 cult to exaggerate. 
 
 " Perhaps the most masterly and elaborate account of the Civil 
 Law which is extant is to be found in the forty-fourth chapter of 
 Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Lord Mansfield 
 characterised it as ' beautiful and spirited.' "Warren's Law Stu 
 dies. 
 
 " We have no hesitation in strongly recommending this chapter 
 to the attentive perusal of the student, as containing a succinct 
 and masterly historical view of the Roman Law. As a summary 
 it certainly stands unrivalled, and as a mere outline only is it to 
 be read. . . . This chapter, for what it professes to be, is luminous, 
 learned, succinct, and satisfactory. 
 
 " But the high estimation in which Mr. Gibbon's outline is held 
 on the continent, where the Roman Law has for so many centu 
 ries been thoroughly studied, and elaborately written on, will be 
 regarded as strong evidence of its high merit." Hoffman's Legal 
 Study. 
 
 Professor Hoifman censures the depreciating remarks 
 upon Gibbon's Survey thrown out by the editor of Sir Wm. 
 Jones's Treatise on Bailments. For other opinions upon 
 the Survey, see 1 Brown's Civil Law, Pref., 2 ; Irving's Civil 
 Law, 188. 
 
 We have already noticed two edits, of the Decline and 
 Fall of the Roman Empire, viz. : 1. 1776-88, 5 vols. 4to ; 
 2. 1788-90, 12 vols. 8vo. We proceed to notice, 3. 1802, 
 12 vols. 8vo ; 4. Abridgt., by the Rev. Charles Hereford, 
 1789, 2 vols. 8vo ; 5. Edin., 1811, 12 vols. 8vo ; 6. Lon., 
 1815, 12 vols. Svo; 7. Expurgated ed., by Thomas Bowdler, 
 1826, 5 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " The indecent expressions, and all allusions of an improper 
 tendency, have been erased." 
 
 8. Corrected ed., particularly in the Greek Notes, Oxf., 
 1828, 8 vols. Svo; 9. Pub. by H. Bohn, imp. Svo; 10. By 
 Chalmers, pub. by Longman, Svo ; 11. By Guizot, pub. by 
 A. Hall, 2 vols. r. Svo ; 12. Pub. by Pickering, 8 vols. Svo, 
 and large paper; 13. By Westley and Davis, 1837, 1 vol. 
 r. Svo ; 14. With the Notes of Guizot, Wenck, and the 
 Editor, by the Rev. H. N. Milman, pub. by Murray, 1838, 
 12 vols. 8vo. (See Nos. 15 and 18.) 15. Second ed. of the 
 preceding, with addits., 1846, 6 vols. Svo; 16. Pub. by 
 Virtue, illustrated, 1850, 2 vols., sup. r. Svo; 17. With 
 variorum Notes, including those of Guizot, Wenck, Nie- 
 buhr, Hugo. Neander, and other foreign scholars, edited 
 by an English Churchman, pub. in Bohn's Brit. Classics, 
 vols. i.-v., 1853-54; 18. Third ed. of Milman's ed., with 
 additional Notes by Dr. Wm. Smith, portrait and maps, 
 pub. by Murray, 1854-55, 8 vols. Svo. 
 
 This edition includes the Autobiography of Gibbon, and 
 is distinguished by careful revision of the text, verifica 
 tion of all the references to ancient writers, and notes 
 incorporating the results of the researches of modern 
 scholars and the discoveries of recent travellers. 
 
 The Life and Corresp. of Gibbon, edited by Mr. Mil 
 man, were pub. in 1839, Svo; and an edit, of the Autobio 
 graphy was pub. by Whittaker in 2 vols., 12mo and ISmo. 
 
 " The Life of Gibbon is a valuable and necessary companion to 
 the Decline and Mdl. No one who desires to be informed in the 
 
 most engaging and dignified manner of the most important eras in 
 the world's annals can allow himself to remain unacquainted with 
 the life and correspondence of its very remarkable author." Lvn. 
 Monthly Rev. 
 
 " It is perhaps the best specimen of autobiography in the English 
 language. Descending from the lofty level of his history, and 
 relaxing the stately march which he maintains throughout that 
 work, into a more natural and easy pace, this enchanting writer, 
 with an ease, a spirit, and a vigour peculiar to himself, conducts 
 his readers through a sickly childhood, a neglected and desultory 
 education, and a youth wasted in the unpromising and unscholar- 
 like occupation of a militia officer, to the period when he resolutely 
 applied the energies of his genius to a severe course of voluntary 
 study, which, in the space of a few years, rendered him a consum 
 mate master of Roman antiquity, and lastly produced the history 
 of the decline and foil of the mighty empire." ion. Quar. Rev., 
 xii. 368-391, q. v. 
 
 "The autobiography of GIBBON, attached to his Posthumous 
 Works, edited by Lord Sheffield, has been perhaps the most popu 
 lar production of its kind, of modern times. It is winning in an 
 unusual degree. The periods flow with a sort of liquid cadence. 
 The facts are beautifully brought together and ingeniously argued 
 upon ; and the life of a studious Recluse has something about it 
 of the air of a romantic Adventurer. This is attributable to the 
 charm, the polish, the harmony of the style. But the Autobio 
 graphy of Gibbon is, in fact, the consummation of ART ; and never 
 were pages more determinedly and more elaborately written for 
 the admiration of posterity. How different is the Autobiography 
 of HUME! But both these great writers were the same in their 
 own memoirs and their histories : the former, like Johnson's de 
 scription of Gray, had generally ' a kind of strutting dignity, and 
 was tall by walking on tip-toe;' the latter, all simplicity and per 
 spicuity, would rather be courted by, than court, the Graces: and 
 his style was grace itself." Dibdin's Lib. Oomp. 
 
 As regards the various edits, of the Decline and Fall, 
 Dean Milman's (see No. 18, above) has no rival. For 
 family reading, where it is not pleasant to be obliged to 
 keep the eyes always a little in advance of the voice, if 
 reading aloud, or where you hesitate to trust infidelity and 
 indecency unconnected to your children, Bowdler's edit, is 
 to be preferred; and we should be glad to see a new 
 edition, say in 3 vols. 8vo, price not over 2. Of course 
 the scholar can by no means dispense with Milman's ex 
 cellent edition, which contains the unmutilated text of 
 Gibbon, carefully revised, particularly in the quotations ; 
 and illustrated with notes, to correct the errors of Gibbon, 
 and especially to put the unwary reader on his guard 
 against his misstatements regarding Christianity. 
 
 The chief works from which Mr. Milman derived his 
 materials are : I. The French translation, with Notes, 
 by M. Guizot. II. The German translation, with Notes 
 of Wenck. III. The new edition of Le Beau's Histoire 
 du Bas Empire, both with Notes by M. St. Martin and M. 
 Brosset. IV. Such works as have come to light since the 
 appearance of Gibbon's History. 
 
 " There can be no question that this edition of Gibbon is the only 
 one extant to which parents and guardians, and academical au 
 thorities, ought to give any measure of countenance. The editor's 
 illustrations on subjects of secular and literary interest are in 
 every respect such as might have been anticipated from his cha 
 racter, as one of the most accomplished scholars and writers of his 
 age." REV. J. J. BLUNT, in Lon. Quar. Rev., Ixii. 360-385, q. v. 
 
 " Gibbon's History, especially as edited by Mr. Milman, is a work 
 for all time and for all classes. It never before was a work which 
 could be safely put into the hands of the young, or of those whose 
 opportunities and means for detecting its perversions were few. 
 Now, however, the errors of this luminous and imposing history 
 have been skilfully and convincingly noted. The poison, if not 
 extracted, has been made palpable." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 "The name of Gibbon will occur to the student as a splendid, 
 but in some respects dangerous guide, down to the close of the 
 sixteenth century. We say he is a dangerous guide, in respect of his 
 gross and malignant misrepresentations concerning the Christian, 
 religion ; and we recommend the student to procure the Rev. H, 
 Milman's edition of Gibbon, in which that great writer's errors 
 and misrepresentations will be found exposed with candour, free 
 dom, and learning." Warren's Law Studies. 
 
 See also Lon. Quar. Rev., 1. 273-307, for a review of 
 Guizot's trans, of the Decline and Fall into French, Paris, 
 1828 ; a review of Gibbon's Life in the Lon. Eclectic 
 Rev., 4th series, vi. 142 ; and articles in Fraser's Mag., 
 xliii. 291; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1846, Pt. 1, 230, 587; Bost. 
 Chris. Rev., xiii. 34; N. York Democrat. Rev., xx. 521; 
 N. York Lit. and Theolog. Rev., ii. 38 ; Phila. Museum, 
 xxiv. 526 ; Phila. Analectic Mag., vi. 89. The student 
 must also peruse Person's severe strictures, in the preface 
 to his Letters on Travis, on the indecency of portions of 
 the Decline and Fall, especially vols. v. and vi. ; and the 
 notices of Gibbon in W. H. Prescott's Biog. and Grit. Mis 
 cellanies, and in the other authorities from which we shall 
 proceed to quote. 
 
 We confess to so ardent an admiration of this truly 
 great author, that it is with pain we are obliged to advert 
 to his grave errors, for which genius, however exalted, 
 learning, however profound, and diction, however splen 
 did, can make no adequate atonement. Not for the genius 
 of Homer, the wealth of the Indies, nor " all the learning 
 
GIB 
 
 GIB 
 
 of the Egyptians," would we be willing to write one line 
 calculated to disturb the faith of the humblest Christian 
 in that inspired record which " hath God for its Author, 
 Truth for its substance, and Salvation for its end !" In a 
 world of trial, sorrow, and temptation, let no impious 
 hand presume to assail that Ark of Refuge and Consola 
 tion which Divine mercy has provided for the guilt and 
 misery of humanity. 
 
 We conclude our notice of this distinguished writer 
 with some quotations from eminent authorities : 
 
 "After a first rapid perusal, which allowed me to feel nothing 
 but the interest of a narrative always animated, and, notwith 
 standing its extent and the variety of objects which it makes to 
 pass before the view, always perspicuous, I entered upon a minute 
 examination of the details of which it was composed, and the 
 opinion which I then formed was, I confess, singularly severe. I 
 discovered, in certain chapters, errors which appeared to me suffi 
 ciently important and numerous to make me believe that they had 
 been written with extreme negligence; in others, I was struck 
 with a certain tinge of partiality and prejudice, which imparted to 
 the exposition of the facts that want of truth and justice which 
 the English express by their happy term misrepresentation. Some 
 imperfect (tronquees) quotations, some passages omitted uninten 
 tionally or designedly, have cast suspicion on the honesty (boune 
 foi) of the author; and his violation of the first law of history 
 increased to my eyes by the prolonged attention with which I oc 
 cupied myself with every phrase, every note, every reflection 
 caused me to form on the whole a judgment far too rigorous. After 
 having finished my labours, I allowed some time to elapse before 
 I reviewed the whole. A second attentive and regular perusal of 
 the entire work, of the notes of the author, and of those which I 
 had thought it right to subjoin, showed me how much I had ex 
 aggerated the importance of the reproaches which Gibbon really 
 deserved. I was struck with the same errors, the same partiality 
 on certain subjects : but I had been far from doing adequate jus 
 tice to the immensity of his researches, the variety of his know 
 ledge, and, above all, to that truly philosophical discrimination 
 (justesse d'esprit) which judges the past as it would judge the 
 present; which does not permit itself to be blinded by the clouds 
 which time gathers around the dead, and which prevents us from 
 seeing that under the toga as under the modern dress, in the 
 senate as in our councils, men were what they still are. and that 
 events took place eighteen centuries ago as they take place in our 
 days. I then felt that his book, in spite of its faults, will always 
 be a noble work ;. and that we may correct his errors, and combat 
 his prejudices, without ceasing to admit that few men have com 
 bined, if we are not to say in so high a degree, at least in a manner 
 BO complete and so well regulated, the necessary qualifications for 
 a writer of history." GUIZOT. See Lon. Quar. Rev., 1. 290. 
 
 "Gibbon was not, like Hume, a self-thinking, deep-fathoming 
 man, who searched into the nature of things, existence and 
 thought, but was in these respects like the French, or like the 
 Scotchman Brougham, who has also attained this Franco-Genevese 
 capacity of quickly making other people's thoughts and investiga 
 tions his own, and propounding them in an admirable manner. 
 Like the great French writers, he can take a quick and compre 
 hensive view of various departments of knowledge, and we can 
 therefore learn most readily through his instrumentality the re 
 sults of the learned labours of the great collectors of materials 
 upon the theology, philosophy, and jurisprudence of the times of 
 declining antiquity, and of the rising middle ages. Because his 
 eloquence and his great skill in representation give a charm and 
 splendour to the thoughts which he wishes to disseminate, he has 
 the full right of all men who are great in politics and literature to 
 claim that nobody should ask whether he was really in earnest, 
 or how his language and his conduct harmonized." Schlosser's 
 Hist, of the Eighteenth Cent. Ac.; trans, by D. Davidson. 
 
 As Schlosser has introduced the name of Lord Brougham 
 in his review of the characteristics of Gibbon, it will not 
 be inappropriate to quote some comments of the former 
 upon the style of the great historian of the Roman Empire. 
 "He will not condescend to be plain; he forgets that the very 
 business of the historian is to relate the history of events as they 
 happened. He must always shine; but, labouring for effect, he 
 wholly omits the obvious consideration that relief is absolutely 
 necessary to produce it; and forgets that a strong, unbroken light 
 may dazzle without pleasing, or may shine rather than illuminate, 
 and that a broad glare may be as confused and uninteresting as 
 darkness itself. The main fault of his style is the perpetual 
 effort which it discloses. Hume may have concealed his art better 
 than Robertson, yet the latter is ever at his entire ease, while 
 Gibbon is ever in the attitudes of the Academy ; he is almost ago 
 nistic. He can tell you nothing in plain terms, unadorned with 
 figure, unseasoned with epigram and point." Lord Brougham's 
 Men of Letters and Science, second series. 
 
 The remarks of Mr. Prescott in this connexion him 
 self a historian of the very first rank are worthy of con- 
 gideration : 
 
 " The first two octavo volumes of Gibbon's History were written 
 in a comparatively modest and unaffected manner, for he was then 
 uncertain of public fiivour. Aud, indeed, his style was exceed 
 ingly commended by the most competent critics of that day, as 
 Hume, Joseph Warton, and others, as is abundantly shown in 
 their correspondence. But when he had tasted the sweets of 
 popular applause, and had been crowned as the historian of the 
 day, his increased consequence becomes at once visible in the as 
 sumed stateliness and magnificence of his learnino- But even 
 after this period, whenever the subject is suited to his style, and 
 When his phlegmatic temper is warmed by those generous emotions 
 of which, as we have said, it was sometimes susceptible, he ex 
 hibits his ideas in the most splendid and imposing forms of which 
 the English language is capable." Biog. and Grit. Miscellanies. 
 
 It will now be interesting to see what was the author's 
 own opinion of the comparative merits of his different 
 volumes : 
 
 ' The style of the first volume, in my opinion, is somewhat crude 
 and elaborate ; in the second and third it is ripened into ease, cor 
 rectness and numbers; but in the three last I may have been 
 seduced by the facility of my pen, and the constant habit of speak 
 ing one language and writing another may have infused some 
 aixture of Gallic idioms." Autobiography. 
 
 The tribute of the historian of Modern Europe to his 
 great predecessor is truly eloquent : 
 
 ik Gibbon, the architect of abridge over the dark gulf which sepa 
 rates ancient from modern times, whose vivid genius has tinged 
 with brilliant colours the greatest historical work in existence." 
 ALISON*. 
 
 A brief extract from the able critique of Professor 
 Smyth is all for which we can find space : 
 
 If his work be not always history, it is often something more 
 than history, and above it: it is philosophy, it is theology, it is 
 wit and eloquence, it is criticism the most masterly upon every 
 ubject with which literature can be connected. If the style be 
 so constantly elevated as to be often obscure, to be often mono 
 tonous, to be sometimes even ludicrously disproportioned to the 
 subject, it must at the same time be allowed, that, whenever an 
 opportunity presents itself, it is the striking and adequate repre 
 sentation of comprehensive thought and weighty remark. It may 
 be necessary no doubt to warn the student against the imitation 
 of a mode of writing so little easy and natural. But the very ne 
 cessity of the caution implies the attraction that is to be resisted, 
 and it must be confessed that the chapters of the Decline and Fall 
 are replete with paragraphs of such melody and grandeur as would 
 be the fittest to convey to a youth of genius the full charm of 
 literary composition; and such as, when once heard, however 
 unattainable to the immaturity of his own mind, he would alone 
 consent to admire, or hope to emulate. . . . When such is the 
 work, it is placed beyond the justice or the injustice of criticism; 
 the Christian may have, but too often, very just reason to com 
 plain, the moralist to reprove, the man of taste to censure, even 
 the historical inquirer may be fatigued and irritated by the 
 unseasonable and obscure splendour through which he is to dis 
 cover the objects of his research. But the whole is. notwithstand 
 ing, such an assemblage of merits, so various, so interesting, and 
 so rare, that the History of the Decline and Fall must always be 
 considered as one of the most extraordinary monuments that have 
 appeared of the literary powers of a single mind, and its fame can 
 perish only with the civilization of the world." Lect. on Mod. 
 Hist. 
 
 " Gibbon is a writer full of thoughts; his language is in general 
 powerful and exquisite, but it has, to a great excess, the faults of 
 elaborateness, pompousness, and monotony. His style is full of 
 Latin and French words and phrases. . . . The work of Gibbon, 
 however instructive and fascinating it may be, is nevertheless at 
 bottom an offensive one, on account of his deficiency in feeling, 
 and his propensity to the infidel opinions and impious mockeries 
 of Voltaire. These are things extremely unworthy of a historian, 
 and in the periodic and somewhat cumbrous style of Gibbon they 
 appear set off to far less advantage than in the light and airy com 
 positions of his master. He never seems to be naturally a wit, but 
 impresses us with the idea that he would very fain be one if he 
 could." Frederick SchlegeVs Lect. on the Hist, of Literature. 
 
 "Gibbon's manner, which many have censured. I think, in gene 
 ral, well suited to the work. In the Decline and Fall of the Roman 
 Empire, there is too much to sadden and disgust; a smile in such 
 a narrative on some occasions is far from unacceptable : if it should 
 be succeeded by a sneer, it is not the sneer of bitterness, which 
 falls not on debility; nor of triumph, which accords not with con 
 tempt. The colours, it is true, are gorgeous, like those of the setting 
 sun ; and such were wanted. The style is much swayed by the 
 sentiment, Would that which is propeV for the historian of Fabius 
 and Scipio, of Hannibal and Pyrrhus, be proper, too, for Augus- 
 tulus and the Popes?" WALTER SAVAGE LANDOR. 
 
 " Gibbon 1 detect a frequent poacher in the Philosophical Essays 
 of Bolingbroke: as in his representation of the unsocial character 
 of the Jewish religion ; and in his insinuation of the suspicions 
 cast by succeeding miracles, acknowledged to be false, on prior ones 
 contended to be true. Indeed it seems not unlikely that he caught 
 the first hint of his theological chapters from this work." Green's 
 Diary of a Lover of Literature. 
 
 We extract a part of the quotation which Gibbon him 
 self quotes, with no little complacency, from the Biblio- 
 theca of Meuselius : 
 
 "Summis sevi nostri historicis Gibbonus sine dubio adnumer- 
 andus est. Inter capitolii ruinas stans primum hujus operi scri- 
 bendi consilium cepit. Florentissimos vitae annos colligendo et 
 laborando eidem impendit. Enatum inde monumentum aere pe- 
 rennius, licet passim appareant sinistre dicta, minus perfecta, vert 
 tati non satis consentanea." 
 
 Gibbon, J. Day Fatality; or, some Observ. upon 
 Days lucky and unlucky, <fcc., 1679, fol. Reprinted in Au 
 brey's Miscellanies, and in the Harleian Miscellany. 
 
 Gibbon, John, 1629-1719 ? an ancestor of the histo 
 rian, educated at Jesus Coll., Camb., after leading for some 
 time a soldier's life in France, the Netherlands, and Vir 
 ginia, obtained the appointment of Blue Mantle by the 
 patronage of Sir Wm. Dugdale, then Norroy. He pub. 
 several works, the best-known of which is Introductio ad 
 Latinam Blasoniam, Lon., 1682, 8vo. 
 
 " An original attempt, which Camden had desiderated, to define, 
 in a Roman idiom, the terms and attributes of a Gothic institu 
 tion. . . . His manner is quaint and affected; his order is con 
 fused: but he displays some wit, more reading, and still more en 
 thusiasm ; and if an enthusiast be often absurd, he is never Ian- 
 
GIB 
 
 gnid. An English text is perpetually interspersed with Latin 
 sentences in prose and verse; but in his own poetry he claims an 
 exemption from the laws of prosody." Edward Gibbon's Auto- 
 
 Gibbon, Thomas. Account of the Cromwell Family, 
 
 1773, 8vo. 
 
 Gibbon, Wm. Serms., 1743, '47, 4to. 
 
 Gibbous, Christopher, Mus. Doc., son of Orlando 
 Gibbons, was also a composer of music. 
 
 Gibbons, D. 1. Lex Tetnporis, Lon., 1835, 12mo. 
 2. Law of Fixtures, 1836, 12mo. 3. Law of Dilapidations 
 and Nuisances, 1839, '49, 8vo. 4. Metropol. Building Act, 
 1844, fp. 8vo. 
 
 Gibbons, Ellis, son of Orlando Gibbons, was also a 
 composer of music. 
 
 Gibbons,Orlando, 1583-1625, a celebrated composer 
 of music. Madrigals and Mottets for Viols and Voyces, 
 Lon., 1612. This vol. is Tenor. He composed the tunes 
 for George Wither's trans, of Hymns and Songs of the 
 Church, and many pieces of music. 
 
 Gibbons, Richard, 1549-1632, a learned Jesuit, born 
 at Winchester, pub. F. Riberae Com. in duodecim Pro- 
 phetas minores, Doway, 1612, and several other works. 
 See Alegambe ; Dodd's Ch. Hist. 
 
 Gibbons, Thomas, D.D., 1720-1785, a Calvinist dis 
 senting divine, a native of Reak, minister of the Inde 
 pendent congregation at Haberdashers' Hall, London, 
 1743-85. He pub. many serms., theolog. treatises, poems, 
 memoirs, a collection of hymns, <fcc., 1743-87. Among his 
 best-known works are, 1. The Christian Minister; in three 
 Poetical Epistles to Philander, Ac., Lon., 1772, 8vo. 
 
 " Here you have a thousand hints respecting the reading of the 
 best authors, the composing of sermons, &c." Cotton Mather. 
 
 2. Rhetoric, 1767, 8vo. 3. Memoirs of eminently pious 
 Women, 1777, 2 vols. 8vo. New ed., enlarged, by Rev. 
 George Jerment and Rev. Sarnl. Burder, 1815, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 4. Memoirs of Dr. Isaac Watts, 1780, 8vo. 5. Serms. on 
 Evangel, and Prac. Subjects, 1787, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Directed to a practical purpose, and tend to form the heart to 
 piety and goodness. The style is plain and properly adapted to 
 the pulpit." Lon. Monthly Rev. 
 
 See DAVIES, REV. SAMUEL. 
 
 Gibbons, Thomas, M.D. Medical Cases and Re 
 marks, Sudbury, 1799, 8vo; 2d ed., Lon., 1801, 8vo. Con. 
 to Ann. of Med., 1796. 
 
 Gibbons, Wm. Iron Trade, &c., Lon., 1785, 8vo. 
 
 Gibbs, Dr. Cures of King's Evil, Loni, 1712, 8vo. 
 
 Gibbs, George. 1. The Judicial Chronicle, Camb., 
 1834, 8vo. 2. Memoirs of the Administrations of Wash 
 ington and John Adams. Edited from the papers of Oliver 
 Wolcott, Secretary of the Treasury, N.York,1846,2vols.8vo. 
 
 " Of inestimable value for its authentic materials." PRESIDENT 
 KING. 
 
 " Mr. Gibbs [the grandson of Oliver Wolcott] has performed his 
 task extremely well." North American. 
 
 Gibbs, Dr. James. 1. Poem, Lon., 1700, fol. 2. The 
 first 15 Psalms of David trans, into lyric verse, 1701, 4to. 
 
 Gibbs, James, 1674F-1754, an eminent architect, a 
 native of Aberdeen. 1. Book of Architecture, Lon., 1728, 
 fol. 2. Rules, Ac. rel. to Architecture, 1732, '38, fol. 
 3. Bibliotheca Radcliviana, 1747, fol. 4. Trans, of Osorio's 
 Latin Hist, of the Portugese, 1752, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Osorius has, from the purity of his language and taste 
 been called the Cicero of Portugal. 
 
 Gibbs, John. Serms., 1698. 
 
 Gibbs, John. English Gothic Architecture, Lon., 
 1855, imp. 4to. 
 
 " Mr. Gibbs's designs evince a great amount of professional skill 
 and good taste, and will bear comparison with the best works of a 
 similar nature of Mr. Pugin." Oxford Chronicle. 
 
 Gibbs, Josiah Willard, Prof, of Sacred Literature 
 in Yale College since 1824. A Hebrew and Eng. Lexicon 
 to the Old Test., including the Biblical Chaldee, from the 
 German Works of Prof. W. Gesenius, Andover, 1824, r. 8vo ; 
 Lon., 1827, 8vo; 2d ed., 1832, 8vo. Of this excellent work, 
 which may be called a new Hebrew and English Lexicon 
 an ed. for schools was pub. in Andover, 1828, 8vo ; 2d ed., 
 Tf. Haven, 1832, 8vo ; Lon., 1833, 8vo. An account of thes( 
 works will be found in Home's Bibl. Bib., Lon. Evangel 
 Mag., &c. Philological Studies, with English Illustrations 
 N. Haven, 1857, 12mo. A New Latin Analyst, 1859. 
 
 Gibbs, Philip. Hist. acct. of Compendious and 
 Swift Writing, <fcc., Lon., 1736, 8vo. 
 
 "The historical account displays extensive reading, impartial 
 judgment, and much knowledge of the theory of the art. but th 
 system is singularly obscure and confused." Lnwndes's Bibl. Man 
 See Dr. Birch's Ded. to the Life of Archbishop Tillotson. 
 Gibbs, Philip. Theolog. treatises, 1737-40. 
 Gibbs, Richard. The new Disorders of Love: a 
 Novel, 1687, 8vo. 
 
 GIB 
 
 Gibbs, Samuel. Common Recoveries, Lon.,1821,8vo. 
 
 Gibbs, T. M. Trans, into English of M. le Royde 
 Gomberville's Doctrine of Morality, Lon., 1721, fol. 
 
 Gibbs, Sir Vicary, 1752-1820, Chief- Justice of the 
 Common Pleas, 1813-20. 1. Speech in Defence of T. 
 [lardy, 1795, 8vo. 2. Speech in Defence of John Home 
 Tooke, 1795, 8vo. 
 
 Gibbs, W. Handbook of Architectural Ornament, 
 Lon., 1851, 8vo. 
 
 Gibbs, Wm. Funl. Serm., 1699, 4to. 
 
 Giblett, Paul. Calumnies of G. Harrower, 1815. 
 
 Gibney, John, M.D. 1. Sea Bathing, 1813, 8vo. 
 2. Vapour Bath, 8vo. 
 
 " The work is both instructive and amusing ; and though ob- 
 iously written for the public, is not without its value to the 
 profession." Lon. Lancet. 
 
 Gibson. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1692, 4to. 
 
 Gibson. Memoirs of Queen Annej being a Supp. to 
 the Hist, of her Reign, 1729, 8vo. 
 
 Gibson, Abraham. Serms., 1613, '19, 8vo. 
 
 Gibson, Sir Alexander, of Durie. Decisions of the 
 Lords of Council and Session, 1621-42, Edin., 1690, fol. 
 
 Gibson, Antony. A Woman's Woorth defended 
 against all the Men in the World, proving them to be 
 more perfect, excellent, and absolute in all virtuous Actions 
 than any Man of what Qualitie soever. Written by one 
 that has heard much, seene much, but knowes a great deal 
 more, Lon., 1599, 8vo. Antony Gibson was the editor of 
 this work, which is supposed to be a trans, from the Cham 
 pion des Fernmes of the Chevalier de PEscale. The hearty 
 gallantry of the title is very observable, and his positions 
 perhaps not far out of the way. 
 
 Gibson, Art. 1. Club Serms., Lon., 1844, 12mo ; 3d 
 ed., 1854. 2. Serms. on various subjects, 1853, 12mo. 
 
 Gibson, Benj. 1. Artificial Pupil of the Eye, Lon., 
 1811, 8vo. 2. Con. to Nichol. Jour., 1806. 
 
 Gibson, Edmund, D.D., 1669-1748, a native of 
 Bampton, Westmoreland, entered Queen's Coll., Oxf., 1686; 
 Rector of Lambeth, 1703; Archdeacon of Surrey, 1710; 
 Bishop of Lincoln, 1715; trans, to London, 1723. He was 
 a learned theologian and a.ntiquary, and pub. a number of 
 works, among which are the following: 1. Chronicon Sax- 
 onicum, trans, into Latin with the Saxon original, and 
 Gibson's Notes, Oxf., 1692, 4to. 
 
 " Allowed by the learned to be the best remains extant of Saxon 
 antiquity." 
 
 2. Trans, of Camden's Britannia into English, with ad 
 ditions, 1722, 2 vols. fol. ; 1753, '72. See CAMDEN, WIL 
 LIAM. 3. Reliquiae Spelmanniae, with Life of the author, 
 &c., 1698, fol. 4. Synodus Ahglicana, 1702, 8vo. 5. The 
 Holy Sacrament Explained, 1705, 8vo. Anon. Often Re 
 printed. 6. Family Devotion, 1705, 8vo. Anon. 7. Codex 
 Juris Ecclesiae Angjicanpe, Lon., 1713, 2 vols. fol.; 2d ed., 
 enlarged and corrected, Oxf., 1761, 2 vols. fol. A splendid 
 work from the Clarendon press. 
 
 " This is by much the most valuable work we have on this sub 
 ject; it may be proper, however, to read along with it a pamphlet 
 said to have been written by Judge Foster, entitled An Examina 
 tion of the Scheme of Church Power laid down in the Codex Juris 
 Ecclesiastic! Anglicani, Third edition, Lon., 1736." BISHOP 
 WATSON. 
 
 8. Pastoral Lett, on Infidelity, Lon., 1728, '29, 8vo. This 
 was occasioned by Woolston's Discourses on Miracles. 
 
 "An excellent pastoral letter, written, as all his are, with great 
 clearness and strength." Ldand's Deistical Writers. 
 
 Three Pastoral Letters, 1732, 8vo. Five, 1760, 12mo; 
 and Four are reprinted in Bishop Randolph's Enchiridion 
 Theologicum. 
 
 " Gibson's Pastoral Letters contain a clear and excellent sum 
 mary of the arguments in defence of Gospel revelation, as well as 
 a powerful preservative against the writings that fevour the cause 
 of Infidelity." Owen's Directions. 
 
 '* Some useful remarks of Tillotson' s School." BickersteWs C. S. 
 
 10. A Collect, of the principal Treatises against Popery 
 1738, 3 vols. fol. New ed., edited and revised for Brit 
 Reform Soc., by John Gumming, D.D., 1848-49, 18 vols 
 8vo. Supp., 1850, 8 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " A valuable collection of tracts against popery, chiefly on ra 
 tional and argumentative grounds. It embodies several valuable 
 Protestant pamphlets, and though wanting in the evangelical 
 spirit of the Reformation, as far as just argument and just reason 
 ing go, it furnishes an armoury of weapons against popery." 
 
 BlCKERSTETH. 
 
 " An impregnable barrier against the usurpations and supersti 
 tions of the Church of Rome." JEREMY BENTHAH. 
 
 The theological student should also procure Lud. Le 
 Blanc's Theses Theologicae, 1683, fol. 
 
 " This work may very properly accompany Gibson's Preservative 
 against Popery, as it is written with great learning and candour, 
 upon the principal subjects of controversy between the Roman, 
 and the Reformed Churches." BISHOP WATSON. 
 
 " Highly worthy of an attentive perusal." MOSHEIJT. 
 
GIB 
 
 GIF 
 
 Bishop Gibson also pub. several occasional serms., 
 tracts, Ac. 
 
 "In private life he possessed the social virtues in an eminent 
 degree, and his beneficence was very extensive." 
 
 See Biog. Brit; Whiston's Life ; Coxe's Life of Walpole j 
 Censura Literaria. 
 
 Gibson, Francis. 1. Streamshall Abbey; a Play, 
 1800, 8vo. 2. Mem. of the Bastile, 1802, 8vo. 3. Con. 
 to Archseol., 1792. 
 
 Gibson, Henry. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1770. 
 Gibson, James. Jour, of the Siege of Cape Breton, 
 1745, 8vo. 
 
 Gibson, James. Theolog. treatises, Ac., 1830, Ac. 
 Gibson, John. His Catechisme, Lon., 1579, 8vo. 
 Gibson, John, D.D. Serm., 1719, 8vo. 
 Gibson, John. Serm., 1727, 8vo. 
 Gibson, John. Serm., Edin., 1762, 8vo. 
 Gibson, John. Serm., Edin., 1768, 8vo. 
 Gibson, John, M.D. 1. The Fruit Gardener, Lon., 
 1768, 8vo. Anon. Doubtful. 2. Fevers, 1769, 8vo. 3. The 
 Principal Elements ; or, Primary Particles of Bodies in 
 quired into, Ac.,1772,8vo. 4. Bilious Diseases,Ac.,1799,8vo. 
 Gibson, John. Midwifery, Colches., 1773, 12mo. 
 Gibson, John. Odes and other Poems, 1818, 8vo. 
 Gibson, John. Serms., Ac., 1837, Ac. 
 Gibson, Joseph. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1731. 
 Gibson, Joseph. Hist, of Glasgow, Glasg., 1777, 8vo. 
 Gibson, Rev. Kennet. Comment, upon part of the 
 5th Jour, of Antoninus through Britain, Lon., 1800, 4to. 
 Posth. ; ed. and enlarged by Richard Gough. 
 
 Gibson, Leonard. Tower of Trustinesse, Lon., 
 16mo. Sine anno. In verse and prose. 
 
 Gibson, Matthew. Churches of Door, Hume-Lacy, 
 and Hempsted, Lon., 1727, 4to. 
 
 Gibson, Robert. Land Surveying, Lon., 1767, 8vo. 
 New ed. by M. Trotter, 1850, 8vo. 
 
 Gibson, Samuel. Serms., 1645, 1709. 
 Gibson, T., of St. Matthew's, Bethnal Green. Lects. 
 on the Hist, of Joseph, Lon., 1853, 8vo. 
 
 " Useful information, pleasing description, and faithful teaching 
 are combined in these Lectures." Jour, of Sacred Lit., Oct. 1853. 
 Gibson, T. A. Educational works, Lon., 1840, Ac. 
 Gibson, Thomas, d. 1562, a learned printer and 
 physician, wrote several medical and theolog. works. He 
 was a warm friend to the Reformation. See Tanner ; Bale ; 
 Athen. Oxon.; Aikin's Biog. Mem. of Med. 
 Gibson, Thomas. Serms., 1584, 1618. 
 Gibson, Thomas. Syntaxis Mathematica, 1655. 
 Gibson, Thomas, M.D. Anatomy of Human Bodies 
 Epitomized, Lon., 1682, '84, '88, '97, 1703, 8vo. 
 Gibson, Thomas. An Ode, Lon., 1755, 4to. 
 Gibson, W. Tythes, 1673, 4to. 
 
 Gibson, W. S., has pub. several works on Geology, 
 Topography, Literary History, Ac., Lon., 1840-54. His 
 work On the Mediaeval Writers of English History was pub. 
 in 1848, 8vo. 
 
 Gibson, Capt. Walter M. The Prison of Weltevre- 
 den ; or, a Glance at the East Indian Archipelago. Capt. G. 
 here gives an account of his adventures and his imprison 
 ment by the Dutch. See Putnam's Mag., Dec. 1855, p. 651. 
 Gibson, Westby. Forest and Fireside Hours; Ori 
 ginal Poems, 3d ed., Lon., 1855. 
 
 " Worthy of distinguished notice." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 Gibson, Wm. Works on farriery, Lon., 1720-55. 
 Gibson, Wm. Poetical works, Lon., 1772-81. 
 Gibson, Wm. 1. Elidure and Ella; a Cambrian Tale, 
 Ac., Lon., 1805. 2. Stone Cross; in ArchaeoL, 1803. 
 
 Gidde, or Gedde, Walter. 1. Draughts for Gar 
 deners, Glasiers, and Plaisterers, Lon., 1615, 4to. New ed., 
 with addits., 117 Plates, edited by H. Shaw, 1848, 8vo. 
 2. The Manner how to Anneile, or Paint in Glass, 1616, 4to 
 Giddiugs, Joshua R., for twenty years a Representa 
 tive of the State of Ohio in the Congress of the U.S. The 
 Exiles of Florida, Columbus, Ohio, 1858, 12mo. Reviewed 
 by Josiah Quincy, in Atlantic Monthly. 
 Giddy, Davies. See GILBKRT, DAVIES. 
 Giesecke, Prof. Mineral System, Dubl., 1815, 8vo. 
 Giffard, Dr., a native of Ireland, editor of the St. 
 James's Chronicle, 1819-27; of the London Standard, 
 1827, to the present time, (1855.) Dr. G. is a warm sup 
 porter of Protestant interests in Ireland. 
 
 Giffard, B. Serms. in (vol. ii. 153) Catholick Serms., 
 Lon., 1741, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Giffard, Edward. 1. A visit to the Ionian Islands, 
 Athens, and the Morea, Lon., 1837, p. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Giffard's work is very creditable to its author." Lon. 
 Quar. Rev. 
 
 2. Deeds of Naval Daring, 1852, fp. 8vo ; 2d Series, 1854. 
 666 
 
 Giffard, Francis. Serms., 1681, 4to. 
 
 Giffard, George. See GYFFARD. 
 
 Giffard, Hardinge. Ode for Oct. 25, 1809, 12mo. 
 
 Giffard, John. Family Religion, Lon., 1713, '15. 
 
 Giffard, John. See GIFFORD. 
 
 Giffard, Wm. 1. 325 Cases in Midwifery; revised 
 and pub. by Edward Hody, M.D., Lon., 1734, 4to. 2. Con. 
 to Phil. Trans., 1726, '30. 
 
 Gifford. Dissert, on the Song of Solomon and a poet 
 version, Lon., 1751, 8vo. Anon. 
 
 " The writer considers the poem as a pastoral, composed by Solo 
 mon for the amusement of his lighter hours, shortly after his nup 
 tials with Pharaoh's daughter." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Gifford, Andrew, D.D., 1700-1784, a Baptist minis 
 ter and noted antiquary. 1. Serm., 1733, 8vo. 2. Tables 
 of Eng. Silver and Gold Coins, Lon., 1763, 2 vols.4to; 
 1772, 4to. See FOLKES, MARTIN. 3. Serm., 1784. See 
 Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. liv. 
 
 Gifford, Archer, of Newark, N. Jersey. 1. N. Jersey 
 Statutory Constructions, Newark, 1852, r. 8vo. 2. N. Jer 
 sey Statutory Index, 1852, r. 8vo. 3. Unison of the Liturgy : 
 vol. i., 1856, 12mo; vol. ii. is ready for the press, (1858.) 
 
 Gifford, Bonaventura, D.D. Serm., 1687, 4to. 
 
 Gifford, C. H. Hist, of the Wars occasioned by the 
 French Revolution, Lon., 1816, 4to. A good subject. See 
 CLIFFORD, ROB. 
 
 ' In little estimation." Lovmdes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 Gifford, E. Castleton. France and England; or, 
 Scenes in each, Lon., 1815, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Gifford, George. Mystery of Providence, 1695. 
 
 Gifford, Humfrey. A Posie of Gilloflowers, eche 
 differing from other in Colour and Odour, yet all sweete, 
 Lon., 1580, 4to. 
 
 "The only known copy of this book is in the royal library." 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 "This very same volume contains prose translations from the 
 Italian and French, and a collection of poems, devotional, moral, 
 and narrative. Gifford wrote with great facility, as will appear 
 from the following specimens." Ellis's Specimens. 
 
 Gifford, James. 1. Unity of God, 5th ed., Lon., 
 1815, 8vo. 2. Remonstrance of a Unitarian, 1818, 8vo. 
 
 Gifford, John. De Ratione Alendi Ministros Evan- 
 gelicus, et Querela et Mystarum Calamitatibus, Hamb., 
 1619, 8vo. 
 
 Gifford, John, 1758-1818, whose real name was John 
 Richards Green, assisted in the establishment of the 
 British Critic, 1793, and the Anti-Jacobin Review, 1798, 
 and pub. a number of historical and political works, among 
 which are, 1. Hist, of France, trans, from several French 
 authors, Lon., 1791-94, 5 vols. 4to. 2. Reign of Louis 
 XVI., and Hist, of the French Revolution, 1794, '96, 4to. 
 
 3. Narrative of the Transac. rel. to Louis XVI., 1795, 4to. 
 
 4. Residence in France in 1792-95, in Letters from an Eng 
 lish Lady, 1797, 2 vols. 8vo; 3 eds. pub. Not written, but 
 pub., by Gifford. 
 
 " It is only justice to say, that the style is as polished as the 
 matter is interesting and important; nor have we any doubt that 
 the book will remain a permanent monument of the taste and 
 talents of the writer." British Critic. April, 1797. 
 
 5. Hist, of the Polit. Life of the Rt. Hon. Wm. Pitt, 1809, 
 3 vols. r. 4to, and also in 6 vols. 8vo. For his defence of 
 the government, Gifford was made a police magistrate and 
 rewarded with a pension. See an account of Gifford and 
 his works, several of which were trans, from the French, 
 in the Lon. Gent. Mag., March and May, 1818. 
 
 " Mr. Gifford's great erudition has elevated him to the first rank 
 of modern authors, and several of the productions of his pen are 
 standard works, and very justly considered of sterling worth, be 
 ing published on a great variety of political subjects." Lon. Gent. 
 Mag., March, 1818. 
 
 Gifford, John. English Lawyer; or, Every Man his 
 own Lawyer, Lon., 1827, 8vo. 
 
 Gifford, Richard, d. 1807, aged 82, Rector of North 
 Okendon, Essex, 1772, wrote Remarks on Kennicott's Dis 
 sert, on the Tree of Life in Paradise; Contemplation, a 
 Poem ; Outlines of an Answer to Dr. Priestley's Disquisi 
 tions on Matter and Spirit. 
 
 Gifford, William. De Turco-Papismo contra Re- 
 ginaldi et Giffordi Calvino-Turcismum, Lon., 1599, fol. 
 
 Gifford, William, 1756-1826, an eminent critic, a 
 native of Ashburton, Devon, was the son of poor parents, 
 who left him an orphan before he had attained his 13th 
 year. The youth tried the sea for a short time in a coast 
 ing-vessel, and was subsequently bound to a shoemaker, 
 with whom he remained until he had almost reached the 
 age of twenty, when he was sent to Oxford by the kind 
 offices of Mr. Cookesley, a surgeon of the town. After 
 leaving college, he travelled in Europe as companion to 
 Lord Belgrave, and on his return settled in London and 
 devoted his attention to literature. 
 
GIF 
 
 GIL 
 
 In 1794 he pub. the Baviad, a poetical satire, in imita 
 tion of the first satire of Persius, elicited by the effusions 
 of Mrs. Piozzi, Bertie Greatheae, Robert Merry, William 
 Parsons, <fcc. The history of the literary party at Florence 
 is familiar to many of our readers. In 1795 appeared his 
 Mjeviad, an imitation of Horace, which was aimed at the 
 low state of dramatic authorship then prevailing. These 
 satires were so greatly admired that the 6th ed. of the two 
 was pub. in 1800, in a 12mo vol. In 1797 he became editor 
 of the Anti-Jacobin, a weekly paper, established by Mr. 
 Canning and other gentlemen. During the twelvemonth 
 of the existence of this paper, a difficulty with Dr. Wolcot 
 elicited from Gifford a poetical Epistle to Peter Pindar. 
 In 1802, 4to, he pub. a trans, of Juvenal, and in the next 
 year issued an Examination of the Strictures of the Criti 
 cal Reviewers on this trans.; a Supp. to the Examination 
 was pub. in 1804. In 1805, 4 vols. Svo, appeared his ex 
 cellent ed. of Massinger, and in 1816 he gave to the world 
 an ed. of Ben Jonson, 9 vols. Svo. His eds. of Ford and 
 Shirley, completed by other hands, were pub. after his death, 
 the first in 1827, 2 vols. Svo, and the latter in 1833, 6 vols. 
 Svo. 
 
 But it was as editor of the Quarterly Review, from its 
 commencement in 1809 until 1824, that Mr. Gifford is best 
 known to the world. Many interesting particulars con 
 nected with the editor, and this famous periodical, will be 
 found in Lockhart's Life of Scott, Southey's Life and Cor 
 respondence, and other literary memoirs connected with 
 the earlier years of the present century. He pub., with his 
 trans, of Juvenal, 1802, an autobiographical narrative, 
 which is well worth perusal as an indication of what can 
 be accomplished by persevering industry. A list of the 
 authors of many of the contributions to the Quarterly oc 
 curs in the Gent. Mag.: 
 
 1844, Pt. 1, 137-141, Writers in Vol. i.-xix. 
 1S44, " 577-580, " " xxi.-xxxix. 
 
 1845, " 599-602, " " xli.-lix. 
 1847, Pt. 2, 34- 37, " " Ixi.-lxxviii. 
 
 See also a paper on the originators of the Quarterly, in 
 Gent. Mag., 1844, Pt. 1, p. 246. 
 
 Gifford's trans, of Juvenal has been pronounced to be 
 the " best poetical version of a classic in the English lan 
 guage," whilst Mr. Hazlitt declares it to be "the baldest, 
 and, in parts, the most offensive of all others." 
 
 It is well known that the reviewer displayed but little 
 mercy to unfortunate authors whose works failed to secure 
 his approbation. 
 
 " He was a man with whom I had no literary sympathies ; perhaps 
 there was nothing upon which we agreed except great political 
 questions. ... He had a heart full of kindness for all living crea 
 tures except authors ; them he regarded as a fishmonger regards 
 eels, or as Isaac Walton did slugs, worms, and frogs. I always 
 protested against the indulgence of that temper in his Review." 
 Southey's Life and Corresp. 
 
 "Mr. Gifford was originally bred to some handicraft; he after 
 wards contrived to learn Latin, and was for some time an usher in 
 a school, till he became a tutor in a nobleman's family. The low 
 bred, self-taught man, the pedant, and the dependant on the great, 
 contribute to form the editor of the Quarterly Review. . . . Mr. 
 Giflbrd, as a satirist, is violent and abrupt. He takes obvious or 
 physical defects, and dwells upon them with much labour and 
 harshness of invective, but with very little wit or spirit. He ex 
 presses a great deal of anger and contempt, but you cannot tell 
 very well why except that he seems to be sore and out of humour. 
 His satire is mere peevishness and spleen, or something worse 
 personal antipathy and rancour. \\e are in quite as much pain 
 for the writer, as tor the object of his resentment. ... As an editor 
 of old authors, Mr. Gittbrd is entitled to considerable praise for the 
 pains he has taken in revising the text, and for some improvements 
 he has introduced into it. He had better have spared the notes, 
 in which, though he has detected the blunders of previous com 
 mentators, he has exposed his own ill-temper and narrowness of 
 feeling more. Asa critic, he has thrown no light on the character 
 and spirit of his authors. He has shown no strking power of 
 analysis, nor of original illustration, though he has chosen to ex^ 
 ercise his pen on writers most congenial to his own turn of mind 
 from their dry and caustic wit: Massinger and Ben Jonson. 
 What he will make of Marlowe, it is difficult to guess. He has 
 none of the fiery quality' of the poet." HazlitCs Spirit of the Age. 
 
 "He was a man of extensive knowledge; was well acquainted 
 with classic and old English lore; so learned, that he considered 
 all other people ignorant ; so wise, that he was seldom pleased with 
 any thing ; and, as he had not risen to much eminence in the 
 world, he thought no one else was worthy to rise. He almost 
 rivalled Jeffrey in wit, and he surpassed him in scorching sarcasm 
 and crucifying irony. Jeffrey wrote with a sort of levity which 
 induced men to doubt if he were sincere in his strictures : Gifford 
 wrote with an earnest fierceness which showed the delight which 
 he took in his calling." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM : Biog. and Grit. Hist, 
 of the Lit. of the last Fifty Years. 
 
 " He was a man of rare attainments and many excellent quali 
 ties. His Juvenal is one of the best versions ever made of a 
 classical author, and his satire of the Baviad and Mseviad squa- 
 bashed at one blow a set of coxcombs, who might have humbug 
 ged the world long enough. As a commentator he was capital, 
 
 could he but have suppressed his rancours against those who had 
 preceded him in the task; but a misconstruction or misinterpreta 
 tion, nay, the misplacing of a comma, was in Gifford's eyes a crime 
 worthy of the most severe animadversion. The same fault of ex 
 treme severity went through his critical labours, aud in general 
 he flagellated with so little pity, that people lost their sense of the 
 criminals guilt in dislike of the savage pleasure which the execu 
 tioner seemed to take in inflicting the punishment. This lack of 
 temper probably arose from indifferent health, for he was very 
 valetudinary, and realized two verses, wherein he says .fortune 
 assigned him 
 
 " ' One eye not over good, 
 Two sides that to their cost have stood 
 
 A ten years^ hectic cough, 
 Aches, stitches, all the various ills 
 That swell the devilish doctor's bills, 
 
 And sweep poor mortals off.' 
 
 "But he might also justly claim, as his gift, the moral qualities 
 expressed in the next fine stanza 
 
 "'Asoul 
 That spurns the crowd's malign control, 
 
 A firm contempt of wrong; 
 Spirits above affection's power, 
 And skill to soothe the lingering hour 
 
 With no inglorious song.' 
 
 " He was a little man, dumpled up together, and so ill-made as 
 to seem almost deformed, but with a singular expression of talent 
 in bis countenance." Sir Walter Scott's Diary, January 17, 1827. 
 
 "William Gifford, the editor of the Quarterly Review, seems to 
 have united in himself all the bad qualities of the criticism of his 
 time. He was fierce, dogmatic, bigoted, libellous, and unsympa- 
 thizing. Whatever may have been his talents, they were exqui 
 sitely unfitted for his position his literary judgments being con 
 temptible, where any sense of beauty was required, and principally 
 distinguished for malice and word-picking. The bitter and snarl- 
 I ing spirit with which he commented on excellence he could not 
 appreciate; the extreme narrowness and shallowness of his taste; 
 the laboured blackguardism in which he was wont to indulge, 
 under the impression that it was satire; his detestable habit of 
 carrying his political hatreds into literary criticism : his gross per 
 sonal attacks on Hunt, Hazlitt, and others, who might happen to 
 profess less illiberal principles than his own ; made him a danger 
 ous and disagreeable adversary, and one of the worst critics of 
 modern times. Through his position as the editor of an influential 
 journal, his enmity acquired an importance neither due to his ta 
 lents nor his character. " E. P. WHIPPLE: N.Amer. Rev.,\x.i. 489- 
 490 ; and in his Etsays and Reviews. 
 
 Gifforde, George. See GYFFARD. 
 Gihon, John 11., M.D., John Sonle, and James 
 Nisbet. Annals of San Francisco, N. York, 1855, 8vo. 
 
 "This noble volume contains by lar the most satisfactory his 
 tory, not only of San Francisco, but of California, that we have 
 met with." 
 
 Gil. See GILL. 
 
 Gilbank, Joseph, Jr. Serm., 1779, 4to. 
 Gilbank, W. Serms., poem, <fcc., 1773-1804. 
 Gilbart, James William, General Manager of the 
 London and Westminster Bank. 1. A Practical Treatise 
 on Banking, Lon., 1827, Svo; 5th ed., 1849, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 The 6th ed., in 2 vols. 12mo, is now (Nov. 1855) in the 
 press. Reprinted, edited by J. Smith Homans of Boston, 
 N. York, 1851, 8vo ; Phila., 1854, Svo. 
 
 "The work in its present form [5th ed.] is far more comprehen 
 sive than any of the previous editions, and embraces a great va 
 riety of topics of great interest to bankers." Lon. Banker's Mag.; 
 and see N. Amer. Rev., Ixxiii. 270. 
 
 2. Hist, and Principles of Banking, Lon., 1834, Svo; 2d 
 ed., 1835. 3. Banking in Ireland, 1836, Svo. 4. Bank 
 ing in America, 1837, Svo. 5. Causes of Pressure on the 
 Money Market, 1840, Svo. 6. Lect. on the Hist, and Prin 
 ciples of Ancient Commerce, 1847, p. Svo; 2d ed., 1853. 
 7. The Elements of Banking, 1852, 12mo ; 2d ed., 1854, 
 12mo. 8. Logic for the Million, 4th ed., 1854, 12mo. 
 
 " Mr. Gilbart's works on Banking have attained a just celebrity." 
 Lon. Economist. 
 
 Also highly commended by the Spectator, Atlas, <fec. 
 Mr. McCulloch objects to Gilbart's partiality for joint- 
 stock banks, <fcc., but acknowledges what indeed it would 
 be folly to dispute that his publications 
 
 " Contain much useful information, presented in a clear, com 
 pendious form." Lit. of Polit. Econ., q. v. 
 
 No American banker no banker of any country, in 
 deed should fail to carefully peruse and reperuse the 
 works of this intelligent member of the profession. 
 
 Gilbart, Thomas. Lectures on the Holy Bible, 
 with Notes, Dubl., 1820, Svo. 
 
 "A man of rare genius and profound learning." Cangrtg. Mag. 
 
 Gilbart, Thomas. See GILBERT. 
 
 Gilbee, Earle, D.D. See WILKS, MATTHEW. 
 
 Gilbert, Mrs. Anne. 1. Hymns for Infant Minds. 
 2. Seven Blessings for Little Children. 
 
 "It would really constitute a perfect blessing, if little children 
 were early imbued with the sentiments so beautifully expressed 
 in this little work. Jt is worthy of the gifted authoress, whose 
 avocation of writing for little children we reckon to be one of the 
 highest and noblest." Scottish Congregational Magazine. 
 
 3. The Convalescent, in 12 Letters, 1839, fp. 8vo. New 
 ed., 1840. 
 
 667 
 
GIL 
 
 "This is a beautiful book, which displays tenderness and holy i 
 wisdom in its matter, taste and elegance in its manner, and which 
 could scarcely be spoken of with too much commendation. 'DR. , 
 J. PTE SMITH, in his Preface to ; ' Wreath for the Tomb." 
 
 Gilbert, C. S. Hist, Topog., and Herald. Survey 
 of the County of Cornwall, Plymouth, 1820, 3 vols. r. 4to. 
 Gilbert, Claude. Tbeolog. treatises. Lon., 1657-83. 
 Gilbert, Davies, originally named Giddy, 1767- 
 1839, an eminent antiquary, and President of the Royal 
 Society, pub. A Plain Statement of the Bullion Question 
 (answered by Banfill and Rutherford) and edited Wm. 
 Jordan's (trans, by John Keigwin) Creation of the World, 
 and some other Cornish productions. He contributed some 
 papers on Cornish topography, <fcc., to the Antiquarian So 
 ciety, and essays to the transactions of other bodies, Ac. 
 
 " Davies Giddy, whose face ought to be perpetuated in marble 
 for the honour of mathematics. Such a forehead I never saw." 
 SauUiey's Life and Corresp. See an interesting memoir of Davies, 
 and an account of his literary labours, in Lon. Gent. Mag., Feb. 1840. 
 Gilbert, Eleazer. News from Poland of the Cruel 
 Practice of the Popish Clergy against the Protestants, Lon., 
 1641, 8vo. 
 
 Gilbert. E. W. Bills of Costs, &c. in Cts. of Q. B., 
 C. P., and Ex. of Pleas, Ac., 2d ed., Lon., 1839, 8vo. 
 Gilbert, Foliot. See FOLIOT, GILBERT. 
 Gilbert, Sir Geoffrey or Jeffray, 1674-1726, 
 Chief Baron of the Exchequer in Ireland, 1715 or 1716, 
 and in England, 1725, left many valuable MSS., most of 
 which were subsequently published. 1. Rep. Cases in 
 Equity, 2d ed., Lon., 1742, fol. 2. Forum Romanum, 2 
 vols. in 18mo, Dub., 1756 ; Lon., 1758. 3. Hist, and Prac. 
 of Chancery, 1758. 4. Of the Exchequer, 1758, '59, 8vo. 
 5. Rents, 1758, 8vo. 6. Cases in Law and Equity, 1760, 
 8vo. 7. Executions, 1763, 8vo. 8. Devises, &c., 3d ed., 
 1763, 8vo. 9. Civil Actions in C. Pleas, 3d ed., 1779, 8vo. 
 10. Ejectments, 2d ed., with addits. by C. Runnington, 
 1781, 8vo. 11. Evidence, Ac., 5th ed., by Lofft, 1791-96, 
 4 vols. 8vo. In addit. to the treatise on Evidence, this 
 ed. contains Gilbert's abstract of Locke on the Understand 
 ing, and also (pub. Lon., 1752, 8vo) an argument on Ho 
 micide, and an account of the author ; 6th ed. of the trea 
 tise on Evidence, by J. Sedgwick, 1801, 8vo ; Phila., 1805, 
 8vo. 12. Uses and Trusts, 3d ed., by E. B. Sugden, Lon., 
 1811, 8vo. 13. Distress and Replevin, 4th ed., by W. J. 
 Impey, 1823, 8vo. 14. Tenures, 4th ed., by C. Watkins, 
 1796 ; 5th ed., with C. W.'s last corrects, and addits., by 
 R. S. Vidal, 1824, 8vo. For opinions on the works of this 
 great law writer, we must refer to Black's Com. ; Bart. 
 Conv. ; Kent's Com.; Butler and Hargrave's Co. Lit.; 
 Viner's Abridgt. ; Clarke's Bib. Leg., passim. 
 
 " It was the hard fate of his excellent writings to lose their 
 author before they had received his last corrections and improve 
 ments, and in that unfinished state to be thrust into the world 
 without even the common care of an ordinary edition." GWILLIM. 
 See Judge Story's Digests of the Common Law; Miscell. Writings, 
 379; or N. Amer. Rev., xxiii. 1. 
 
 See Bibl. Brit, for dates of various eds. of Jeffray's trea 
 tises. It is known that Bacon's Abridgment, as originally 
 pub., was principally founded on Baron Gilbert's MSS. 
 
 Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 1539-1583, a half-brother 
 of Sir Walter Raleigh, a soldier and an enterprising navi 
 gator, was lost at sea on his return from Newfoundland, 
 of which, in 1583, he took possession in the name of Queen 
 Elizabeth. A Discourse of a Discouerie for a new Pas 
 sage to Cathaia and the East Indies, Lon., 1576, 4to. Re 
 printed in Hakluyt's Voyages. 
 
 " At the end of this he mentions another and large Discourse on 
 the same subject, as well as a Discourse of Navigation, both of which 
 are now probably lost." Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., i. 496, q. v. 
 
 See also Biog. Brit., Bibl. Brit., and Lowndes's Bibl. 
 Man. 
 
 Gilbert, James, is well known as the author of a 
 number of valuable works on Geography, Geology, Politi 
 cal Economy, <fec., pub. Lon., 1838-51. 
 
 Gilbert, John. Theolog. treatises, 1686-1706. 
 Gilbert, John, Canon of St. Peter's, Exon. 1. Serms. 
 on 2 Sam. xxi. 1. 2. On Rom. xii. 7, 1699, 4to. 3. Prac. 
 Disc., 1724, 8vo. 
 
 Gilbert, John, d. 1761, Bishop of Llandaff, 1740; 
 trans, to Salisbury, 1748; Archbishop of York, 1757; 
 Occas. Serms., 1724, '42, '43, '44, '45, '46. 
 Gilbert, John. Serms., 1744, '46, 8vo. 
 Gilbert, John. Chronological Pictures of English 
 History, Lon., in parts. 
 
 "Most capitally-executed drawings. The spirit given to the 
 sketches, and the striking impression which this graphic paint 
 ing produces upon all minds, but especially the young, need not 
 be indicated." Oh. of Eng. Quar. Rev., Oct. 1842. 
 
 Gilbert, Joseph, d. 1852, aged 74, a Congregational 
 minister of Nottingham, England, pub. some serins., <fcc., 
 
 GIL 
 
 and a work on the Christian Atonement, (Third Series of 
 the Congregational Lectures,) Lon., Svo, 1836, '52, '54, 
 which has been highly commended. See British Critic, 
 xxi. 450; and also a Biographical Sketch of Mr. Gilbert, 
 by his widow, 1853, 12mo. 
 
 Gilbert, Nathaniel. Serm., Lon., 1805, 8vo. 
 
 Gilbert, Robert. Serms., Lon., 1756, '59. 
 
 Gilbert, Samuel. 1. Fons Sanitatis, Lon., 1676, Svo. 
 2. Florist's Vade-mecum, 1682, '83, 1702, '13, Svo. 
 
 Gilbert, or Gilbart, Thomas. Death of John 
 Lewes, a Hereticke, Lon., 1583, broadside. 
 
 Gilbert, Capt. Thomas. 1. The Poor, Lon., 1775, 
 8vo. 2. Employ, of the Poor, 1781, Svo. 3. Voyage from 
 N. South Wales to Canton in 1788, '89, 4to. See an ac 
 count of this voyage in Governor Phillip's Voyage to N. 
 South Wales. 
 
 Gilbert, Thomas, or Wm., 1613-1694, ejected from 
 the parish of Edgeuiond, Shropshire, for Nonconformity, 
 in 1662. England's Passing Bell, 1675? 4to. This is a 
 religious poem. 
 
 " A rough and harsh piece of poetry, replenished with phanati- 
 cism and philosophical terms." Athen. Oxon., where see an account 
 of this divine, and other publications of his. Wood calls him 
 Thomas Gilbert. 
 
 Gilbert, W. Courts-Martial, Lon., 1788, Svo. 
 
 Gilbert, or Gilberd, Wm., M.D., 1540-1603, gained 
 great reputation at home and abroad by his discovery of 
 some of the properties of the loadstone. 1. De Magneto 
 Magneticisque Corporibus, et de Magno Magnete Tellure 
 Physiologia Nova, Lon., 1600, fol. Very rare. New eds., 
 Sedin., 1628, '33, 4to. 2. De Mundo Nostro Sublunari 
 Philosophia, Nova Amst., 1651, 4to. Posth. ; pub. from his 
 MSS. by Sir Wm. Boswell. For an account of this cele 
 brated philosopher and his writings, see Biog. Brit. ; 
 Brucker; Athen. Oxon.; Morant's Hist, of Essex. His 
 work on the magnet 
 
 "Contains the history of all that had been written on that sub 
 ject before his time, and is the first regular system on this curious 
 subject; and may not unjustly be styled the parent of all the im 
 provements that have been made therein since." 
 
 " Dr.Gilbert hath written in La tine a large and learned Discourse 
 of the properties of this Stone." Dr. Hakewill's Apologie of the 
 Power and Providence of God. 
 
 " A painful and experimental work." Lord Bacon's Advance 
 ment of Learning. 
 
 " An admirable searcher into the nature of the Loadstone." 
 Sir Kenelm Digby's Treatise of Bodies. 
 
 " Famed for his learning, depth in philosophy, and admirable 
 skill in chymistry." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 And see Barrow's Opuscula, and other authorities cited 
 in Biog. Brit. 
 
 Gilbert, Wm. 1. The Angler's Delight, Lon., 1676, 
 12mo; 2d ed., sine anno, and a fac-simile of 2d ed. about 
 1780. 2. Young Angler's Companion, 1682. 
 
 Gilbert, Wm. See GILBERT, THOMAS. 
 
 Gilbert, Wm. The Hurricane; a Theosophical and 
 Western Eclogue, <fcc., Lon., 1797, 12mo; 1798, Svo. 
 
 "It bears evident marks of having been written under the in 
 fluence of partial insanity, while, at the same time, it contains 
 passages of a high order of beauty." Lon. Rctrosp. Rev., x. 160 
 172, 1824. 
 
 Gilbertus Anglicus, or Gilbertus Legleus, 
 
 flourished in 1210, is the earliest practical English writer 
 on medicine. He is best known by his compendium of the 
 medical doctrines prevailing in his time, entitled Compen 
 dium Medicinae tarn Morborum Universalium quarn Parti- 
 cularium. It was corrected by Michael Cupella, and printed 
 at Lyons, ap. V. de Portonariis, 1510, 4to. It subsequently 
 appeared under the title of Laurea Anglicana; seu Com 
 pendium totus Mediciniae, Genev., 1608, 4to. Some other 
 works are ascribed to him. See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. ; 
 Leland; Bale; Pits; Tanner, in art Leglaeus; Rees's 
 Cyc. ; Freind's Hist, of Physic. 
 
 " His writings are principally compiled from those of the Arabian 
 physicians, like the works of his contemporaries in other nations; 
 sometimes, indeed, he transcribes whole chapters word for word, 
 especially from Khazes. He is represented as the first English 
 physician who ventured to expose the absurd practices of the su 
 perstitious monks, who at the time engrossed much of the treat 
 ment of diseases, and is said to have contrasted with them the 
 methods recommended by the ancients." 
 
 Gilby, Gylebie, or Gylby, Anthony, pub. a Com 
 ment, on Micah, 1551, paraphrases on the Psalms from Beza, 
 1581, '90, a serm., 1581, and treats, on election, <fcc., 1547-58. 
 
 Gilby, Goddred. See GYLBY. 
 
 Gilby, W. H. Papers on Geology ; Phil. Mag., 1814, 
 '15; Thorn. Ann. Philos., 1817. 
 
 Gifby, Wm., M.D. 1. Electricity in Paralysis; in 
 Medical Facts, <fcc., 1792. 2. Nitrous Acid in Diabetes; 
 in Med. and Phys. Jour., 1800. 
 
 Gilchrist, Alexander, of the Inner Temple. Life 
 of William Etty, R.A., Lon., 1855, 2 vols. 
 
GIL 
 
 "A book which will claim the interest of English readers long 
 beyond the mere season and occasion of its appearance." Westm. 
 Rev., Oct. 1855. 
 
 Gilchrist, Ebenezer, M.D., 1707-1774, an eminent 
 
 physician of Dumfries, Scotland. 1. On the Use of Sea 
 
 Voyages in Medicine, Lon., 1756, 8vo. Reprinted, 1771. 
 
 " The chief object of this work is to recommend sea voyages in 
 
 cases of consumption." DR. WATT : Bibl. Brit. 
 
 2. Nervous Fever; Ed. Med. Ess., vols. iv. and v. He 
 recommends wine and opium. 3. Con. to Ess. Phys. and 
 Lit., vols. ii. and iii. 
 
 " Few physicians of the last century have been more successful 
 in the exercise of their profession, or have contributed more to the 
 improvement of the healing art." See Encyc. Brit. 
 
 Gilchrist, James. l.Serm., Lon. ,1812, 8vo. 2. Lan 
 guage, &c., 1814, 8vo. 3. Rational Philosophy, 1815, 8vo. 
 4. Philosophic Etymology ; or, Rational Grammar, 1816. 
 Gilchrist, James P. The Origin and History of 
 Ordeals, with Chronological Register of the principal Duels 
 since 1760, Lon., 1821, Svo. See SABINE, LORENZO. 
 
 Gilchrist, John. A Collection of ancient and modern 
 Scottish Ballads, Tales, and Songs; with Explan. Notes 
 and Observations, Edin., 1815, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 "A sensible and judicious selection." Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 Gilchrist, John BorthAvick,LL.D., 1759-1841, pub. 
 many valuable works on the Hindostanee language, <fcc., 
 for a list of which see Bibl. Brit., and Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 Gilchrist, Octavius, 1779-1823, a native of Twick 
 enham, educated at Magdalen Coll., Oxf. 1. Exam, of the 
 charges of Ben Jonson's enmity towards Shakspeare, 1808, 
 Svo. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Ixxix. 53. 2. The Poems of 
 Richard Corbet, Bishop of Norwich, with Notes and Life, 
 1808, Svo. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Ixxviii. 1169. 3. Letter 
 to W. Gifford on a late.ed. of Ford's Plays, 1811, Svo. See 
 our article on FORD, JOHN. Mr. Gilchrist projected (in 1814) 
 a Select Collection of Old Plays, in 15 vols. Svo, but was 
 deterred from publication by the appearance of the peri 
 odical series entitled Old Plays. An article of Gilchrist's 
 in the London Magazine elicited a warm controversy re 
 specting the Life and Writings of Alexander Pope. See 
 Lon. Gent. Mag., xci. 291, 533; xciii. 278. 
 
 Gilchrist, Paul. Letter to Mr. Saunders on the Re 
 volution in Russia, Ac., Lon., 1762, Svo. 
 Gilchrist, Peter. On the Hair, Lon., 1770, '87, Svo. 
 Gildas, or Gildus, surnamed the Wise, commences 
 the catalogue of Anglo-Saxon writers. He is said to have 
 flourished in the 6th century, but every thing concerning 
 him, and even the existence of such a person, is involved 
 in doubt and obscurity. We must refer the curious reader 
 to Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit, and the authorities there cited. 
 The work attributed to him with the most confidence is the 
 Epistola de excidio Britanniae, et castigatio ordinis eccle- 
 siastica; first ed., Lon., 1525, Svo, and several eds. since. 
 See authorities cited above. New ed., by Joseph Steven 
 son, pub. by the Historical Society, Lon., 1838, Svo. Also 
 pub. a new trans, with the works of Nennius, by J. A. Giles, 
 LL.D., 1841, Svo. 
 
 "Gildas's work gives a superficial sketch of British history un 
 der the Romans, and during the wars between the Britons and 
 the Pictsand Scots, and the Saxon invasions; and also an account 
 of the vices of the kings, clergy, and laity of the time. This work 
 is supposed to have been written about A. D. 581. 
 
 ' The book contains little information, even if it be authentic. 
 It is written in an inflated style, not much unlike that of Aldhelm. 
 . . . There is no independent authority now existing which will 
 enable us to test the historical truth of this tract, and we have no 
 information relating to its writer which merits the slightest degree 
 of credit." See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Gilderdale, John. 1. Nat. Religion, Lon., 1837, Svo. 
 2. Hist, and Chronol., 4to. 3. Family Prayers, 1838, 12mo. 
 Gilding, Elizabeth. Poems and Essays, 1776. 
 Gildon, Charles, 1665-1723, a native of Gillingham, 
 Dorsetshire, gained but little reputation as an author, and 
 still less as an actor, but Pope has embalmed him in the 
 Dunciad. In 1693 he pub., with an introduction, Charles 
 Blount's Oracles of Reason, and subsequently, in 1705, to 
 atone for this publication, he gave to the world The Deist's 
 Manual. For an account of these works see Lejand's De- 
 istical Writers, and article BLOTJNT, CHARLES, in this 
 volume. He also pub. Miscell. Letters and Essays, 1694, 
 Svo; the Complete Art of Poetry, 1718, 2 vols. 12mo; 
 see Halliwell's Shaksperiana, p. 20, Nos. 3, 5, and 6; 
 five unsuccessful plays, 1697-1703; a Comparison between 
 the two Stages, 1702, Svo; a Life of Betterton, 1710; a 
 New Rehearsal, 1714, Svo; some other publications. 
 
 " A person of great literature, but a mean genius ; who, having 
 attempted several kinds of writing, never gained much reputat" 
 in any." foyer's Political State, xxvii. 102. 
 
 " Of those disciples [of Charles Blount] the most noted was a bad 
 writer named Gildon, who lived to pester another generation with 
 doggrel and slander, and whose memory is still preserved, not by 
 his own voluminous works, but by two or three lines in which his 
 
 GIL 
 
 stupidity and venality have been contemptuously mentioned by 
 tope." Macaulay's Hist, of Eng., vol. iv., 1856. 
 
 Mr. Macaulay ably exposes the true character of Blount's 
 Oracles of Reason. 
 
 Giles. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1697. 
 
 Giles, Henry, b. Nov. 1, 1819, near Gorey, co. of Wex- 
 ford, Ireland, one of the most popular of the many literary 
 .ecturers who draw crowded audiences in the United States. 
 L. Lectures and Essays, Boston, 1850, 2 vols. 16mo. 
 
 "Those persons who have listened to the greater part of the 
 contents of these two volumes in the various lecture-rooms through 
 out the country, will probably be even more anxious to read them 
 ;han many who have only heard the name of the author. They 
 will revive in the reader the delightful wit, the clear mental attrac 
 tion, and the high pleasure which they uniformly excited in their 
 delivery." 
 
 These lectures are also highly commended by Miss Mit- 
 ford : see her Recollections of a Literary Life. 2. Chris 
 tian Thought on Life ; in a series of Discourses, 2d ed., 
 1851, 16mo. 3. Illustrations of Genius in some of its rela 
 tions to culture and society, 1854, 16mo. 
 
 Giles, Rev. J. A., LL.D., nuper Socius C. C. C., Oxon., 
 has written and edited many valuable works, some of which 
 we notice. 1. English-Greek and Greek-English Lexicon, 
 new ed., 1846, Svo. 
 
 " This is a worthy companion to Riddle's Latin Dictionary, con 
 taining all the information necessary to a student and, what is 
 of equal importance, no more. The author is generally successful 
 in developing the structure and composition of the Greek lan 
 guage; avoiding the quibbling derivations which disfigured the 
 older Lexicons, and especially that of Schrevelius: he points out 
 the genuine radicals so far as they can be discovered with certain 
 ty." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 2. Scriptores Graeci Minores, 1840, 12mo. 3. Patres Ec- 
 clesise Anglicanae, now first collected into one series, 35 
 vols. Svo, 9 9s. ; and a sup. vol., 10s. 4. Hist, of the An 
 cient Britons, 1847, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " A valuable addition to every historian's library." Lon. Lit. 
 Gazette. 
 
 " This is the most valuable work that has appeared of late years 
 on the History of the Ancient Britons. Nowhere else has the sub 
 ject been treated so fully with strict regard to real history, and in 
 exclusion of all fabulous legends. Vol. II. consists of the original 
 Histories, from which this work has been compiled, viz. : Excerpta 
 ex Scriptoribus Gr. et Lat.; Gildas; Nennius; Excerpta ex Beda; 
 Ricardus Cicestrensis de Situ Britannia? ; Vita Gildse, auctore Cara- 
 doco; Vita Gildae, auctore Anonymo; Inscriptiones ex Nummis; 
 Inscriptiones ex Lapidibus." 
 
 5. The Entire Works of the Venerable Bede, 1843-44, 
 12 vols. Svo. See our article on BEDE. 
 
 " We trust that Dr. Giles will be encouraged to continue his ex 
 ertions in thus diffusing a sound knowledge of mediasval divinity 
 and ecclesiastical history." Lon. Quarterly Review, Oct. 1844. 
 
 6. Hist, of the Town and Parish of Bampton, 2d ed., 
 1848, Svo. 7. Lives of the Abbots of Weremouth and 
 Jarrow, Ac., 1845, Svo. 8. Life and Letters of Thomas 
 a Beckett, 1846, 2 vols. Svo. We are also indebted to Dr. 
 Giles for his new ed. of Thompson's Geoffrey of Monmouth, 
 (see our article on GEOFFREY,) his labours on Zeunius's 
 Terence, his manuals of Latin and English Grammar, 
 English History, &c. ; nor must we omit to make special 
 mention of one of the most valuable of his publications 
 The Life and Times of Alfred the Great, 2d ed., 1854; Svo. 
 
 " The most valuable and authentic Life of Alfred the Great. In 
 cluded are Alfred's Will, in Saxon, with translation ; the Treaty 
 between Alfred and Guthrum, in Saxon ; Fulke's Letter to Alfred; 
 Alfred's Preface to Gregory's Pastoral Care, in Saxon, with a trans 
 lation ; a Chronological Summary of Anglo-Saxon History, Ac." 
 
 " Dr. Giles is in thorough possession of his materials and of his 
 intention, which produces the clearness that arises from mastery ; 
 and he exhibits the same general bonhommie and chronicler dispo 
 sition for minute and picturesque narrative which we noted in his 
 Life of Becket, with more of a critical spirit." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 Giles, John. The Pine Apple, Lon., 1767, Svo. 
 
 Giles, Joseph. Poems, revised and corrected, by 
 Wm. Shenstone, Lon., 1771, Svo. 
 
 Giles, Mascall. Against Superstitious Jesu Worship, 
 Lon., 1642, 4to. 
 
 Giles, Wm. Defence of Dr. Sherlock's Preservative 
 against Popery, Lon., 1688, 4to. 
 
 Giles, Wm. 1. On Marriage, Lon., 1771. 2. Poems, 
 1775, Svo. 
 
 Giles, Wm. Branch, d. 1830, Governor of Virginia, 
 1826-29, was for many years a member of the Congress of 
 the United States. He pub. Political Letters to the People 
 of Virginia, occasional letters, a speech, <fec., 1808-25. 
 
 Gil Iii luii, Rev. George, born 1813, at Comrie, Perth 
 shire, Scotland, was educated at Glasgow Coll., and at the 
 United Secession Hall of the United Presbyterian Church. 
 In 1835 he was licensed to preach, and in the next year 
 was ordained to the Schoolwynd congregation, Dundee 
 where he still remains. About 1842 he was encouraged 
 by Mr. T. Aird, editor of the Dumfries Herald, to write 
 sketches of the principal characters of the day. These 
 
 669 
 
GIL 
 
 GIL 
 
 off-hand portraits were well received, and in 1845 they were 
 published, with some others, as The Gallery of Literary 
 Portraits, 2d ed., 1851. In 1849 Mr. G. pub. his Second 
 Gallery of Literary Portraits; 2d ed., 1852; and in 1855 
 appeared the Third Series. In 1854 was pub., in 1 vol. p. 
 8vo, a new ed. of the 1st and 2d series j and vol. i. of the 
 last ed. of the work appeared in 1857. In 1850 he gave to 
 the world The Bards of the Bible, 4th ed., 1856 ; in 1851 
 he pub. The Book of British Poesy, Ancient and Modern ; 
 in 1852, The Martyrs, Heroes, and Bards of the Scottish 
 Covenant, 2d ed., 1854; in 1854, The Grand Discovery, 
 2d ed., 1856; in 1856, History of a Man; and in 1857, 
 Christianity and our Era, He has also pub. a Discourse 
 on Hades, Five Discourses on the Abuse of Talent, Ac., 
 and edited Wm. C. Bryant's Poems, with Notes and an 
 Introductory Essay, <fec. He is now engaged in editing a 
 new and splendid Library Edition of the Popular Poets 
 and Poetry of Britain, with Biographical and Critical 
 Notes. The issue for the first year comprised 
 
 1, 2. Milton's Poetical Works. 3. Thomson's Seasons 
 and other Poems. 4. George Herbert's Poetical Works. 
 5. Young's Poetical Works. 6. The Poetical Works of 
 Goldsmith, Collins, &c. The issue for 1854 comprised, 7, 
 8. Cowper's Poetical Works. 9, 10. Butler's Poetical Works. 
 11. Shenstone's Poetical Works. 12. Beattie, Blair, and 
 Falconer's Poetical Works. This is by far the handsomest 
 edition of the British poets ever published, and we see not 
 how it can be surpassed. A vol. is pub. every alternate 
 month, forming in the year 6 vols. averaging 350 pp. each ; 
 annual subscription one guinea, or in French morocco, gilt 
 top, 1 Us. 6d. The series is intended to include the fol 
 lowing authors : 
 
 Addison. Wm. Drummond. Peter Pindar. 
 
 Akenside. Falconer. Pope. 
 
 Robert Blair. Ferguson. Prior. 
 
 Bloomfield. Gay. Francis Quarles. 
 
 Thomas Brown. Gifford. Allan Ramsay. 
 
 Bruce. Goldsmith. Rogers. 
 
 George Buchanan. James Grahame. Alexander Ross. 
 
 Burns. Gray. Scott. 
 
 Samuel Butler. W. Hamilton. Shelley. 
 
 Byron. George Herbert. Shenstone. 
 
 Campbell. Robert Herrick. Smollett. 
 
 Chatterton. Hogg. Spenser. 
 
 Chaucer. Dr. Johnson. Swift. 
 
 Coleridge. Ben Jonson. Tannahill. 
 
 Collins. Leyden. James Thomson. 
 
 Cotton. Logan. Waller. 
 
 Cowley. Macphersone. Thomas Warton. 
 
 Cowper. Milton. Watts. 
 
 Crabbe. Mrs. Opie. Kirke White. 
 
 Denhalm. Parnell. Edward Young. 
 
 Dryden. Dr. Percy. Etc. 
 
 As a critic Mr. Gilfillan has been warmly praised, and 
 not slightly censured. He possesses one of the most dan 
 gerous of arts for any one who would achieve solid and last 
 ing reputation, that of great verbal facility, approaching 
 to conversational familiarity. He is sometimes happy in 
 his metaphors and apt in his allusions, but is more likely 
 to be extravagant in the one and grotesque in the other; 
 reminding us forcibly of the bombast and egotism so gene 
 rally observable in the prevailing style of second-rate 
 American writers. 
 
 Mr. Gilfillan is by no means devoid of talent; and it is 
 well worth his while, by a course of wholesome discipline of 
 his natural abilities, to correct the errors of a critical pen 
 which sometimes displays more passion than judgment 
 and more vigour of language than depth of thought 
 
 A critic in the Dublin University Magazine, in a review 
 of Mr. Gilfillan's First Gallery of Literary Portraits, refer 
 ring to the author's fondness for overstrained metaphor 
 and ambitious style, justly remarks that 
 
 " In all such habitual use of strong language a writer is throw 
 ing away his wealth, and making his style in reality poor and 
 meagre. Words are lavished with profusion when they absolutely 
 represent nothing, and none but the man who has read through a 
 volume of words with the wish really to ascertain the amount of 
 Instruction it gives, can judge of the unutterable weariness pro 
 duced by this careless habit of stating every thing in a temper of 
 exaggeration. Simplicity of style is. however, seldom the distin 
 guishing grace of a young writer's compositions." 
 
 We are happy to be able to add from the same article, 
 for it is more pleasant to quote praise than censure, 
 
 " Mr. Gilfillan's effort to make his readers acquainted with the 
 greatest men whom he has met on the highway of literature is no 
 doubt an ambitious one, and has on the whole been successfully 
 executed." xxvii. 652-664. 
 
 The Bards of the Bible has elicited much rapturous com 
 mendationin which we were never able to coincide and 
 severe censure, the justice of which we do not feel able to 
 disprove. 
 
 His piety warms our heart, but his style shocks our taste. 
 One of the most learned Orientalists of modern times, re 
 
 cently deceased, makes graver objections to the work than 
 mere want of literary taste : 
 
 " A pompous and gaudy style is exceedingly out of place when 
 it appears in books that treat of sacred things. We feel that the 
 subject is degraded. It is as if a painter were to attempt sketches 
 of Isaiah, and Paul, and John, and should put on them the cos 
 tume of a Bond street or Broadway exquisite. We enter a solemn 
 protest against all such doings. God, Christ, eternity, heaven, hell, 
 and man's immortal spirit and welfare are things beyond rhapsody. 
 . . . The Inconceivable majesty of such subjects should awe the 
 mind that contemplates them into the most grave, and sober, and 
 humble attitude. . . . There are some passages in it, and many sin 
 gle expressions, which convey vivid ideas, and present pleasing 
 images. We concede to him fancy, imagination, and a very con 
 siderable acquaintance with the sources of poetical imagery. But 
 these are not the only qualifications that are needed to write in 
 structively on Hebrew poetry. His book reminds us very strongly 
 of a passage in another poet and critic, somewhat different from 
 the author of the Bards of the Bible. It runs thus : 
 
 " ' Inceptis gravibus plerumque et magna profussis, 
 Purpureus, late qui splendeat, unus et alter 
 Assuitur pannus. 
 
 Amphora coepit 
 
 Institui; currente rota, cur urceus exit? 
 Denique, sit quodvis, simplex duntaxat et unum.' 
 
 " Yes, this precious simplex ! Of all the books on earth, the Bible 
 exhibits it most. A comment on it, of any kind, which is spotted 
 throughout with ' purpurei panni qui late splendeant' seems to us 
 one of the greatest of all incongruities." MOSES STUART, late Prof, 
 of Sacred Literature in the Iheolog. Seminary of Andover. See N. 
 Amer. Rev., Ixxiii. 238-267. 
 
 Whatever other charges Mr. Gilfillan's critics may bring 
 against him, he certainly cannot be accused of indolence, 
 as, in addition to his professional duties, he contributes to 
 no less than five or six periodicals. It is no slight com 
 mendation but one to which he may justly lay claim 
 that a high moral purpose, a kindly spirit, and a hearty 
 appreciation of the good, the right, and the true, are pro 
 minent characteristics of his writings. It will be seen, 
 from a glance at the accompanying tables of contents of 
 the Galleries of Literary Portraits, that Mr. Gilfillan has 
 been by no means partial in his selection of subjects, but 
 has employed his pencil upon representatives of almost all 
 classes of opinion, both in church and state : 
 
 FIRST GALLERY OF LITERARY PORTRAITS. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Lord Jeffrey. Preachers of the 
 
 William Godwin. Day. 
 
 William Hazlitt. Walter Savage Lan- 
 
 Robert Hall. dor. 
 
 Percy Bysshe Shelley. 
 Dr. Chalmers. 
 Thomas Carlyle. 
 Thomas de Quincey. 
 John Foster. 
 Professor Wilson. 
 Edw. Irving, and the 
 
 Thomas Campbell. 
 Lord Brougham. 
 Samuel T. Coleridge. 
 Ralph Waldo Emer- 
 
 Charles Lamb. 
 Ebenezer Elliott. 
 Allan Cunningham 
 
 and the Rural 
 
 Poets. 
 
 John Keats. 
 T. B. Macaulay. 
 Thomas Aird. 
 Robert Southey. 
 John Gibson Lock- 
 hart. 
 
 Wm. Wordsworth. 
 Robert Pollok. 
 SECOND GALLERY OF LITERARY PORTRAITS. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 John Milton. George Dawson. 
 
 Lord Byron. Alfred Tennyson. 
 
 George Crabbe. Professor Nichol. 
 
 John Foster. Mrs. Hemans. 
 
 Thomas Hood. Mrs. E. B. Browning. 
 Thomas B. Macaulay. Mrs. Shelley. 
 
 Dr. George Croly. William Cobbett. 
 
 Sir E. Bui wer Ly tton. 
 Ralph Waldo Emer- 
 
 James Montgomery. 
 Sydney Smith. 
 
 William Anderson. 
 Leigh Hunt. 
 Thomas Moore. 
 Isaac Taylor. 
 H. W. Longfellow. 
 Philip Jas. Bailey. 
 John Sterling. 
 Wm. Wordsworth. 
 John Buuyan. 
 
 THIRD GALLERY OF LITERARY PORTRAITS. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 A File of French Revolutionists. 
 
 Mirabeau. I Robespierre, and I Vergniaud. 
 
 Marat, | Danton. | Napoleon. 
 
 A Constellation of Sacred Authors. 
 
 Edward Irving. I Robert Hall. I Dr. Chalmers. 
 
 Isaac Taylor. 
 
 A Cluster of New Poets. 
 
 Sydney Yendys. 
 Alexander Smith. 
 
 J. Stanyan Bigg. I Gerald Massey. 
 
 Modern Critics. 
 Hazlitt and Hallam. I Delta. 
 Jeffrey and Coleridge. I Thackeray. 
 
 Carlyle and Sterling. 
 
 Emerson. 
 
 Neale and Bunyan. 
 
 Edmund Burke. 
 
 Edgar A. Poe. 
 
 Miscellaneous Sltetclies. 
 Sir Edward Lytton 
 
 Bui wer. 
 
 Benjamin Disraeli. 
 Professor Wilson. 
 Henry Rogers. 
 
 Thomas Babington 
 Macaulay. 
 
 ^Eschylus ; Prome 
 theus Bound and 
 Unbound. 
 
 Shakspeare A Lec 
 ture. 
 
 Gilfillan, Robert, a native of Dunfermline, a modern 
 poet of considerable reputation. For an account of this 
 bard, we must refer the reader to the Memoir attached to 
 the 4th ed. of his Poems and Songs, pub. in Edinburgh, 
 1851, 12mo. Reprinted, 1853. See his Exile's Song, and 
 In the Days Langsyne, in Chambers's Cyc. of Eng. Lit. 
 
 " The songs of Mr. Gilfillan are marked by gentle and kindly 
 feelings, and a smooth flow of versification, which makes them 
 eminently suitable for being expressed in music." Ubi supra. 
 
GIL 
 
 GIL 
 
 Gilfillan, Rev. Samuel. 1. Discourses on the Holy 
 Spirit, Edin., 12mo. 2. Essay on the Sanctification of the 
 Lord's Day, 8th ed., 183-, 18mo. 
 
 Gilkie, James. Every Man his Own Procurator; or, 
 the Country Gentleman's Vude-Mecum, Edin., 1778, 12mo. 
 
 Gilks, Morton. Petrifactions; Phil. Trans., 1740. 
 
 Gill. Selections from the Court Reports, originally 
 pub. in the Boston M. Post, 1834-37, Bosk, 1837, 12mo. 
 
 "It contains some graphic illustrations of the administration 
 and effect of the law, that may be perused with advantage." 
 Marvin's Leg. Bibl. 
 
 Gill, Rev. Alexander, 1564-1635, a native of Lin 
 colnshire, educated at Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf., head mas 
 ter of St. Paul's School, 1608. 1. The Trinity, 1601, 8vo. 
 2. Logonomia Anglica Grammaticalis, 1619, '21, 4to. 
 
 " This work contains as singular a proposition for a vernacular 
 orthography as Tho. Campion's (Observations on the Art of Eng 
 lish Poesie) for poetry. The work is quoted by Dr. Johnson." 
 LowndeJs Bibl. Man. 
 
 3. Sacred Philos. of Holy Scrip. ; or, a Comment, on the 
 Creed, 1635, fol. The treatise on the Trinity is repub. at 
 the end of this work. 
 
 " Esteemed by most persons to be a learned man, a noted Latin- 
 ist, critic, and divine, and also to have such an excellent way 
 of training up youth, that none in his time went beyond him. 
 Whence 'twas, that many noted persons in church and state did 
 esteem it the greatest of their happiness that they had been edu 
 cated under him." Atften. Oxon. 
 
 See also Knight's Life of Colet. 
 
 Gill, Alexander, D.D., 1597-1642, son and successor 
 of the preceding, educated at Trin. Coll., Oxf., became 
 head master of St. Paul's School in 1635. Whilst usher 
 of St. Paul's he had charge of the education of John Mil 
 ton, who was his favourite scholar, and by whom he was 
 greatly beloved. Three of the great poet's familiar letters 
 to him in Latin, still extant, are " replete with the strongest 
 testimonies of esteem and friendship. Milton also pays 
 him high compliments on the excellence of his Latin 
 poetry." 
 
 Most of his Latin poetry was pub. in a vol. entitled 
 Poetici Conatus, 1632, 12mo, and Wood enumerates some 
 other productions of his, printed, and in MS. He was for 
 some time usher under the famous Thomas Farnaby. See 
 Athen. Oxon.; Knight's Life of Colet; Warton's Milton; 
 Letters by Eminent Persons, 1813, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Gill, Jeremiah. Reform in H. Commons, 1785. 
 
 Gill, John, D.D., 1697-1771, a Baptist divine of great 
 learning, a native of Kettering, Northamptonshire, received 
 his early education at the Grammar School of his native 
 town, but may be said to be self-educated, as he left school 
 whilst yet very young. He was a preacher, first at Higham- 
 Ferrers, then at Kettering, and in 1719 became pastor of 
 the Baptist congregation at Horselydown, Southwark, 
 where he continued for fifty-one years. Whilst yet a mere 
 boy, he was so fond of frequenting the bookstores that it 
 became a current expression, " Such a thing is as sure as 
 John Gill is in the bookseller's shop." We need not there 
 fore be surprised that he became an excellent Latinist, 
 Grecian, and Orientalist. He wrote many works, some of 
 the principal of which we proceed to notice. 
 
 1. Exposition of Solomon's Song, 1728, fol.; 1751, '68, 
 4to ; 1805, 2 vols. 8vo. In the later eds. the Targum is 
 left out. This exposition, which differs from the one con 
 tained in his Comment, on the Bible, comprises the sub 
 stance of 122 discourses delivered from the pulpit. 
 
 " A minute detail on the allegorical sense, and a spiritual im 
 provement." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 " It is highly allegorical in its interpretation." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 2. Prophecies resp. the Messiah, fulfilled in Jesus, 1728. 
 In answer to Collins's Scheme of Literal Prophecy con 
 sidered. 3. The Cause of God and Truth, being an Ex 
 amination of the several Passages of Scripture made use 
 of by the Arminians. In four parts, 1735-38, 4 vols. 8vo; 
 1755, 4 wls. 8vo; 1772, '75, 4to; 1816, 2 vols. 8vo; 1838, 
 8vo. This is an answer to Dr. Whitby's Discourse on the 
 Five Points. 
 
 "If you read Whitby on the Five Points, read Dr. Gill's reply. 
 
 . . . It is the fullest answer to Whitby In Part IV. of this Work, 
 
 Dr. Gill goes through the testimonies of the Fathers before Augus 
 tine, to give passages that support Calvinistic views." BICKERSTKTH. 
 
 " It is an elaborate work, and may be considered a very able 
 defence of Calvinism." Wilson's Dissenting Churches. 
 
 4. Exposition of the New Testament, 1746-47-48, 3 vols. 
 fol. 5. Exposition of the Old Testament, 1748-63, 6 vols. 
 New ed. of both Testaments, with a Memoir by Dr. Rip- 
 pon, and a portrait, 1816, 9 vols. 4to. Pub. at 12 12.; 
 large paper, 16 16. Still worth about 12 to 13, in 
 good binding. Vol. i. of a new ed. of the Expos, of the 
 0. and N. Tests, was pub. by Aylott of London in 1852, r. 
 8vo, and a new ed. of his Exposition of the Old Test was 
 pub. by Collingridge in 1854, 6 vols. r. 8vo, 3 18*. 
 
 "The author always keeps sight of his creed He was a very 
 
 learned and good man; but has often spiritualized his text to 
 absurdity." DR. ADAM CLARKE. 
 
 "It abounds with rabbinical and theological information; but, 
 though upon the whole a very valuable work, it is often prolix and 
 tautological, and sometimes injudicious." Dr. E. Williams' 's C. P. 
 
 " It is prized as an invaluable mine of knowledge by judicious 
 Christians of every denomination." WILSON. 
 
 " He moves through his exposition like a man in lead, and over 
 whelms the inspired writer with dull lucubrations and rabbinical 
 lumber. He is an ultra-Calvinist in his doctrinal sentiments. . . . 
 If the reader be inclined for a trial of his strength and patience, 
 he may procure the burden of Dr. Gill. He was, after all, a man 
 of undoubted learning, and of prodigious labour." Orme's Bibl, 
 Bib. 
 
 " In rabbinical literature Dr. Gill had no equal, and he has hence 
 been enabled to illustrate many important passages of Scripture. 
 . . . An occasional reference to this learned work is all, perhaps, 
 that can be recommended." Home's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 "Valuable for rabbinical learning; a variety of meanings sug 
 gested ; Calvinistic in sentiment." Bicker stetfi's C. S. 
 
 6. Dissert, on the Antiq. of the Hebrew Language, Let 
 ters, Vowel-points, and Accents, 1767, 8vo. 
 
 " This is also a laboured exposition and defence of the doctrines 
 of the Massorets." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 7. A Body of Doctrinal and Practical Divinity, 1769-70, 
 3 vols. 4to. Several eds. New ed., 1839, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "Gill was a very learned and pious man; but his notions of 
 moral obligations were not correct; which led him to some pecu 
 liarities of sentiment respecting grace being the obliging as well 
 as the efficient cause of evangelical duty, and which disposed him, 
 in arguing with Arminians, too often to cut the knot of difficulty, 
 instead of solving it, and to deal in round assertions with slender 
 arguments." Williams's C. P. 
 
 8. Serins, and Tracts, several of which were never before 
 printed. To which are prefixed Memoirs of the Life, 
 Writings, and Character of the Author, 1773, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 " If any man can be supposed to have trod the whole circle of 
 human learning, it was Dr. Gill. While true religion and sound 
 learning have a single friend in the British empire, the works and 
 
 name of Gill will be precious and revered With a solidity of 
 
 judgment and with an acuteness of discernment peculiar to few, 
 he exha nsted, as it were, the very soul and substance of most 
 arguments he undertook." TOPLADT. 
 
 Gill pub. several treatises upon Baptism, and many occa 
 sional serms. See the Life prefixed to his Serms. and 
 Tracts, No. 7 above, and Stennet's Funeral Serm. A nevf 
 ed. of his Expos, of Solomon's Song was pub. in 1854, r. 
 8vo ; a new ed. of his sermons, in 3 vols. 8vo, has appeared ; 
 and Rippon's Memoirs of his Life and Writings has been 
 pub. separately in 12mo. 
 
 Gill, Joseph. Law, <fec. rel. to Insolvents, Lon., 1836. 
 
 Gill, R. W., and J. Johnson. Cases in Ct. of Ap 
 peals of Maryland, 1829-41, Bait., 1829-45, 12 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Gill, Thomas. Con. to Med. Com., 1787. 
 
 Gill, Thomas. Trial of George Manners for Libels, 
 rn the Satirist, on the Character of Wm. Hallett, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Gillan, R. Abridg. of the Acts Genl. Assembly of 
 Ch. of Scot., Edin., 1821, 8vo. 
 
 Gillane, John, d. 1735, consecrated a bishop in the 
 Episcopal Ch. of Scot., 1727 ; Bishop of Dunblane, 1731. 
 
 1. Remarks upon Sir Jas. Dalrymple's Hist. Collee., Edin., 
 1714, 8vo. See DALRYMPLE, SIR JAMES. 2. Life of Rev. 
 John Sage, 1714, 8vo. 
 
 Gillespie. Narrative of the most remarkable Events 
 of the Life of K. William III. Also a revised History of 
 the Siege of Londonderry, Derry, 1823, 8vo. See Mr. 
 Macaulay's graphic account of the horrors of this siege, 
 in his History of England, vol. iii., just pub., (1856.) 
 
 Gillespie, Major Alex. 1. Hist. Review of the 
 Royal Marine Corps, Lon., 1803, 4to. 2. Gleanings, <fcc. 
 at Buenos Ayres, 1818, 8vo. A memoir of Maj. Gillespie 
 has been pub. 
 
 Gillespie, George, d. 1648, one of the four Com 
 missioners from the Ch. of Scot, to the Westminster As 
 sembly in 1643. 1. Dispute against the English Popish 
 Ceremonies obtruded upon the Ch. of Scot., 1637, '60, 4to. 
 
 2. Dialogue between a Civilian and a Divine cone, the Ch. 
 of Eng., 1644, 4to. Anon. 3. Recrimination charged upon 
 Mr. Goodwin, 1644, 4to. Anon. 4. Serm., 1644, 4to. 
 5. True Resolution, Ac., 1645, 4to. 6. Mr. Colman's Piece, 
 Ac., 1645, 4to. 7. Serm., 1645, 4to. 8. Wholesome Se 
 verity, Ac., 1645, 4to. Anon. 9. Aaron's Rod Blossoming, 
 1646, 4to. New ed., 1843, 8vo. 
 
 " One of the chief works on the government of the Church of 
 Scotland." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 10. Male Audis., 1646, 4to. 11. Treat, of Miscell. Ques 
 tions, 1649, 4to. 
 
 " This is a practical and controversial book, but contains a con 
 siderable portion of learned discussion respecting the meaning of 
 the Scriptures." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 12. The Ark of the Testament Opened, 2 vols. 4to : vol. 
 i., 1661 ; vol. ii., 1677. 13. Notes of Debates and Proceed 
 ings of the Westminster Assembly, <fec., with Life by Rev. 
 Dr. Hetherington, 1846, r. 8vo. Gillespie's treatises have 
 
 671 
 
GIL 
 
 GIL 
 
 recently been repub.; a collective ed. of his Theolog. 
 Works, 1844-46, 2 vols. r. 8vo; Serms., Ac., 1844, r. 8vo. 
 The Dispute against English Popish Ceremonies obtruded 
 on the Ch. of Scot, can be had separately. For an account 
 of his Life, we refer the reader to Dr. Hetherington's Me 
 moir, noticed above. 
 
 " A man of very considerable talents, who supported the cha 
 racter of his country, and the cause of presbytery, with great 
 ability and zeal, during the stormy period of the civil wars." 
 ORME: ubi supra. 
 
 Gillespie, James, D.D., Principal of St. Mary's Coll., 
 Univ. of Aberdeen. Serins, from the Author's MSS., pub. 
 by George Hill, D.D., Lon., 1796, 8vo. 
 
 " Such of us as saw the vigour of his days, remember the delight 
 with which we hung upon hjs lips; the grace of his elocution; 
 the interesting, devotional, pathetic style of his discourses." DR. 
 GEORGE HILL. 
 
 Gillespie, Leonard, M.D. Profess, publications, 
 Lon., 1798, 1800, 8vo. 
 
 Gillespie, Rev. Thomas, of the Presbytery of 
 "Relief," d. 1774. Treat on Temptation, Edin., 1774, 
 12mo. New ed. 
 
 Gillespie, Thomas. The Seasons Contemplated in 
 the Spirit of the Gospel, Lon., 1822, 12mo. 
 
 Gillespie, W. 1. The Necessary Existence of God. 
 New ed., Edin., 1854, 8vo. 2. China and the Chinese 
 Missions, with Hist, of Revolution, Lon., 1854, 12mo. 
 
 Gillespie, Rev. William. 1. The Progress of Re 
 finement, and other Poems, Edin., 1805, '07, fp. 8vo. 2. Con 
 solation ; with other Poems, Lon. and Edin., 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Gillespie, William Mitchell, LL.D., b. 1818, inN. 
 York, grad. at Columbia Coll., 1834; Prof, of Civil Engineer 
 ing in Union Coll. since 1845. 1. Rome as seen by a New 
 Yorker, 1843-44, N. York, 1845, 12mo, pp. 216. 
 
 " A good title to a good book. The endeavour to convey Rome 
 only by those impressions which would naturally be made upon 
 an American, gives the work a certain air of originality ; the rarest 
 of all qualities in descriptions of the Eternal City. The style is 
 pure and sparkling, although occasionally flippant and diletan- 
 tesque. The tone of remark is much in the usual way selon les 
 regies never very exceptionable, and never very profound." 
 Edgar A. Poe's Literati. 
 
 2. Roads and Railroads ; a Manual for Road-making, 
 1845 j 7th ed., 1854, 8vo, pp. 372. 
 
 "If the well-established principles of Road-making which are so 
 plainly set forth in Professor Gillespie's valuable work, and so well 
 illustrated, could be at once put into general use in this country, 
 every traveller would bear testimony to the fact that the author 
 is a great public benefactor." Silliman's Amer. Jour, of Science. 
 
 " It is, in all respects, the best work on this subject with which 
 I am acquainted ; being from its arrangement, comprehensiveness, 
 and clearness, equally adapted to the wants of Students of Civil 
 Engineering, and the purposes of persons in any way engaged in 
 the construction or supervision of roads/' PROFESSOR MAHAN, of 
 the Military Academy. 
 
 3. Philosophy of Mathematics, from the French of 
 Auguste Comte, 1851, 8vo, pp. 260. 
 
 "The classification given of the Sciences at large, and their 
 regular order of development, is unquestionably a master-piece of 
 scientific thinking, as ample as it is comprehensive." MorelTs 
 Speculative Philosophy of Europe. 
 
 4. The Principles and Practice of Land Surveying, 1855, 
 8vo, pp. 420 ; 6th ed., 1858. 
 
 " This really capital work is worth more than all the purely theo 
 retical works upon the same subject that were ever published." 
 Southern Literary Review. 
 
 " What Monge did for descriptive geometry, Gillespie has done 
 for surveying: he has reduced and consolidated into an harmonious 
 and systematic whole the heterogeneous details of a principle-less 
 practice." 
 
 Gillespy, Rev. K. Criminal Laws, Lon., 1793, 8vo. 
 
 Gillet, R. 1. The Pleasures of Reason ; or, the Hun 
 dred Thoughts of a Sensible Young Lady. In English 
 and French, Lon., 1796, sm. 12mo. 2. Moral Philos., 
 1799, 12ino. 
 
 Gillett, J. T. His Trial and his Address to the Public, 
 Lon., 1796, 8vo. 
 
 Gillette, Abram Dunn, b. 1809, Cambridge, N. 
 York, Pastor of Calvary Church, N. Y. City. 1. History 
 of the Eleventh Baptist Church, Philadelphia. 2. Memoir 
 of Rev. Daniel Holbrook Gillette. 3. Pastor's Last Gift. 
 Edited Social Hymns, and Minutes of Philadelphia Baptist 
 Association from 1707 to 1807. He has contributed largely 
 to various journals. 
 
 Gillies, John, D.D., 1712-1796, minister of the New 
 College Church, Glasgow, 1742-96. 1. Historical Collec 
 tions of the Success of the Gospel, Ac., Glasg., 1754 2 vols 
 8vo. Supp., 1761, 12mo. A Second Supp. was pub. by 
 Dr. Erskine in 1796. New ed. of the whole, with a Pref. 
 and Continuation by the Rev. H. Bonar, Kelso, 1845 r 8vo 
 
 "A very interesting book, and well deserving of attention from 
 the lover of Christianity and of Church history." Orme's Bill Bib 
 
 "A very profitable book for a minister." Bicker steWs C. S 
 
 2. Devotional Exercises on the New Test., Lon. 1796 
 
 8vo; 2d ed., with a Memoir of the Author by W. Nicol, 
 D.D., 1810, 2 vols. 8vo. The first ed. has not the text. 
 
 "The work corresponds most faithfully with its title, and seems 
 to reflect in every page the piety and high devotional spirit of the 
 author. Such a work may be a very important companion to many 
 of the dry and more critical volumes recommended in this Biblio- 
 theca." Orme's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 " Beautiful and striking, though undesigned, pictures of his 
 pious and benevolent heart." DR. ERSKINE. 
 
 " Much calculated to raise the heart to communion with God, 
 through the word." Bickersteih's C. S. 
 
 " A most valuable book for those who read family devotion, every 
 important fact, doctrine, or precept, being made the ground and 
 matter of prayer ; and that in such a style as to be an excellent 
 model of devotion." Lon. Evan. Mag. 
 
 3. Life of Rev. Geo. Whitefield, &c., 1772, 8vo; 1813. 
 His Life is the 7th vol. of Whitefield's Works, in 7 vols., 
 1771, 8vo. 4. Essay on the Prophecies relating to the 
 Messiah, Edin., 1773, 8vo. 5. Milton's Paradise Lost, 
 illustrated with texts of Scripture, Lon., 1788, 12mo. 
 
 Gillies, John, LL.D., 1747-1836, a native of Brechin, 
 Forfar, Scotland, educated at the University of Glasgow, 
 was for some time a travelling tutor to the sons of the Earl 
 of Hopetoun, and, upon the death of Dr. Robertson, was 
 appointed historiographer to the King of Scotland. 
 
 1. Trans, of the Orations of Isocrates, and those of Ly- 
 sias, <fec., Lon., 1778, 8vo. 2. Hist, of Ancient Greece, its 
 Colonies, and Conquests, 1786, 2 vols. 4to ; Dubl., 1786, 3 
 vols. 8vo; Lon., 1787, 4 vols. 8vo; Basil, 1790, 5 vols. 8vo; 
 1792, 4 vols. 8vo; Lon., 1809, 4 vols. 8vo; 1820, 8 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " This work enters less into critical and recondite details than 
 that of Mr. Mitford, though sufficiently accurate and comprehen 
 sive for all historical purposes; and is, in style of composition, 
 decidedly superior to it. It has been translated into the German 
 and French languages." SAMUEL WARREN. 
 
 Another authority thus compares the histories of Gillies 
 and Mitford: 
 
 " These are works of considerable merit ; the former is the most 
 learned, the latter the most popular ; the former is abrupt in the 
 style, the latter is more fluent ; by the perusal of the one the reader 
 is more amused thau instructed, by the study of the other he is 
 more instructed than amused." DR. CARPENTER. 
 
 3. Trans, of Aristotle's Ethics and Politics, comprising 
 his Practical Philosophy, &c., 1786-97, 2 vols. 4to; 2d ed., 
 1804, 2 vols. 8vo. Supp. to the Analysis of Aristotle's 
 Spec. Works, 1804, 4to; 3d ed., 1813, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Aristotle's treatise on politics is the most valuable work on that 
 branch of philosophy that has descended to us from antiquity. 
 The version given of it in this work is sufficiently close to make 
 the reader acquainted with all that is really valuable in the ori 
 ginal." McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Earn. 
 
 " It was the earliest effort of antiquity to establish a system of 
 political philosophy. His politics displayed his profound sagacity, 
 and it is admitted that Cicero, Machiavel, Montesquieu, Bacon, and 
 other statesmen, were largely indebted to Aristotle for the most 
 solid of their speculations." CHANCELLOR KENT. 
 
 4. A view of the Reign of Frederic II. of Prussia, &c., 
 1789, 8vo. 
 
 " The work of Dr. Gillies I can in no respect admire. There ap 
 pear some good observations about the king's military genius, and 
 there are some incidents mentioned of a general nature, which I 
 do not observe in other English works. On the whole, I can re 
 commend it to the student only when he wishes to learn what can 
 be said in the praise or defence of Frederic. Gillies appears to me 
 only a warm panegyrist, and on this occasion neither a historian 
 nor a philosopher." Prof. Smyth's Led. on Mod. Hist. 
 
 5. The Hist, of the World from the Reign of Alexander 
 to Augustus, 1807-10, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 " It does not appear to present such a luminous and masterly 
 view of the very interesting period which it embraces, as would 
 have been given by Mr. Gibbon or Dr. Robertson; but it exhibits 
 proofs of learned research, and may, upon the whole, we think, be 
 read with pleasure and advantage. It deserves no praise on the 
 score of style, which is commonly diffuse and overcharged; and 
 often vulgar and slovenly." Edin. Rev., xi. 40-61. 
 
 6. Trans, of Aristotle's Rhetoric, 1823, 8vo. The his 
 torical works of Dr. Gillies may still be consulted by the 
 student with advantage, but should be followed by a care 
 ful perusal of the results of more recent investigations. 
 
 Gillies, Robert Pierce, one of Blackwood's early 
 contributors, the " Kemperhausen" of the NOCTES AMBRO- 
 SIAN^E, the originator and first editor of the Foreign Quar 
 terly Review, the author of Varia, Childe Alarique,(Poems ;) 
 Recollections of Sir Walter .Scott, 1827; Sir Henry Lon- 
 gueville, (a Novel,) <fec. ; and translator of German litera 
 ture, has told his own story in the Memoirs of a Literary 
 Veteran, Lon., 1851, 3 vols. p. 8vo, to which we refer the 
 reader. 
 
 " Mr. Gillies has this advantage over many collectors of similar 
 reminiscences, that he was not only an author among authors, but 
 that his social position in early life gave him access to the best cir 
 cles. Scott, Wordsworth. Campbell, the Ettrick Shepherd, Rogers, 
 Gait, Maginn, Hay don, and many more names of interest, figure 
 frequently in his pages." 
 
 "Mr. Robert Pierce Gillies is a gentleman of the Scotch bar, 
 favourably known by translations from the German." WM. II. 
 PRESCOTT : N. Amer. Rev., xlvi. 434, April, 1838. 
 
GIL 
 
 Gilliland, Thomas. 1. Dramatic Synopsis, Lon., 
 1804, 8vo. 2. Elbow Room, 1804, 8vo. 3. Dramatic Mir 
 ror j containing the Hist, of the Stage from the earliest 
 period to the present time; including a Biog. and Crit. 
 account of all the Dramatic Writers from 1C65 to the pre 
 sent time; and also a Hist, of the Country Theatres in 
 England, Ireland, and Scotland, Lon., 1807, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 "This history of the stage and account of dramatic writers is of 
 little value." Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 Gilling, Isaac. Serms., 1704, '08, '19, all 8vo. 
 Gilliiigwater, Edmund. 1. Parish Workhouses, 
 Lon., 1786, 8vo. 2. Hist. Acct. of Lowestoft, 1790, 4to. 
 3. Hist, and Descrip. Acct. of St. Edmund's Bury, Suffolk, 
 St. Edm., 1804, 12mo; 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Gilliss, Lieut. J. M., U. S. Navy, distinguished for 
 his scientific acquirements, and especially for astronomical 
 erudition. The U. S. Naval Astronomical Expedition to 
 the Southern Hemisphere during the years 1849, '50, '51, 
 '52. Lieut. J. M. Gilliss, Superintendent; Lieut. Archibald 
 Macrae, Acting Master S. L. Phelps, Capt's Clerk E. R. 
 Smith, Assistants. Vol. I. Chile : its Geography, Climate, 
 Earthquakes, Government, Social Condition, Mineral and 
 Agricultural Resources, Commerce, etc. etc. Vol. II. The 
 Andes, Minerals, Animals, Plants, and Fossils ; Phila., 1856, 
 2 vols. 4to, pp. 566 and 300. Deeply interesting, and most 
 valuable contributions to our knowledge of this portion of 
 the American Continent. 
 
 Gillman, James. Dissert, on the Bite of a Rabid 
 Animal, Lon., 1812, Svo. This essay received a prize from 
 the Roy. Coll. of Surg. 
 
 Gillman, John, D.D. Serm., 1721, Svo. 
 Gillman,Webster. Poll for Kent,&c.,1796,1802,8vo. 
 Gillmor, C., Vicar of Dartford. 1. Reply to Mr. 
 Baptist W. Noel's Essay against the Union of Church and 
 State, 1849, ISmo; 2 eds. 
 
 " The reply should everywhere tread upon the heels of the Es 
 say." Nonconformist. 
 
 " It is a most able and dispassionate refutation of the many 
 
 reasons brought forward by Mr. Noel." Bath Herald. 
 
 2. Israel in the Ascendant, 2d ed., 1853, Svo. 
 
 Gillon, Joseph. 1. Erskine's (John) Institute of the 
 
 Law of Scotland, 1805, fol. 2. Erskine's (John) Principles 
 
 of the Law of Scotland, 1809, Svo. 
 
 Gillon, Thomas. Catholic Principles of Allegiance 
 illustrated, Lon., 1807, Svo. 
 
 Gillray, James, d. 1815, a celebrated caricaturist, 
 exerted no small influence on the politics of his day. Sets 
 of his original plates, all engraved by himself between 
 1799 and 1810, had become extremely rare indeed a com 
 plete set could not be procured at any price when Mr. 
 Henry Bohn, in 1849, repub. an ed. in one large atlas fol., 
 for the trifling price of 8 8s. To this vol. should be 
 added the descriptive vol. of letter-press, by Thomas 
 Wright and R. H. Evans, 1850, Svo. Some years before 
 the appearance of Bohn's ed., Mr. Maclean pub. one at the 
 price of twenty-five guineas, in two thin vols. This ed. is 
 now rare. Its contents, with additional subjects, will be 
 found in Mr. Bohn's ed. 
 
 Gill son, Edward. 1. Lectures on the Second Ad 
 vent, Lon., 1845, 12mo; 1847. 
 
 " Four excellent discourses The subject is handled through 
 
 out in a practical way." Achill Miss. Herald. 
 
 2. The Relapsed Demoniac. 3. Parting Token: Ten 
 concluding Serms., 1854, fp. Svo. 
 
 Gillum, R., M.D. Letter to Dr. Mill, 1803. 
 Gillum, Wm., d. 1797. 1. Miscell. Poems, and a 
 Farce called What will the World say? Lon., 1787, Svo, 
 2. The present War with France, 1794, Svo. 
 Gilly, Sarah. Receipts, Lon., 1662, Svo. 
 " With a portrait of S. Gilly, by W. Faithorne, (after Lely.) This 
 portrait was afterwards altered to Hannah Wooley." Lowndes'. 
 Bibl. Man. 
 
 Gilly, W. O. S. Shipwrecks of the Royal Navy 
 1793-1819, Lon., 1850, p. Svo; 1851. 
 
 Gilly, Wm. Stephen, D.D., Canon of Durham, and 
 Vicar of Norham, d. 1855. 1. The Spirit of the Gospel 
 1818, Svo. 
 
 " This volume is a valuable addition to the divinity treasury 
 its language and comments are matured; but it rarely has ips 
 dixit opinions." Anti-Jacobin Rev., No. 245. 
 
 2. Excursions to the Mountains of Piedmont, and Re 
 searches among the Vaudois,1824,4to; 1825,8vo; 1826,8vo 
 
 "One of the most interesting volumes that has lately appeared. 
 Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxiii. 134-176. 
 
 ^All who are interested in the Waldenses should read both 
 this and the following volumes Nos. 3, 5, and 7 and th 
 review from which we have just quoted. 
 
 3. Second Visit; or, Waldensian Researches, 1831, Svo 
 " Exceedingly interesting, and the more so as all the details are 
 
 given from actual observation." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 GIL 
 
 4. Horse Catecheticae, 1828, Svo. 
 
 " An esteemed work." Lowndes's^ Brit. Lib. 
 
 5. Valdenses, Valdo, and Vigilantius ; being the articles 
 under these heads in the Seventh Ed. Encyc. Brit., 1841, 
 p. 8vo. 
 
 An eloquent account, from personal observation, of that small 
 community of Protestants, who, in the secluded valleys of the 
 Dottian Alps, have for many centuries maintained the purity of 
 their faith and worship, and kept up the vestal fire of their moun 
 tain church, in the midst of privations and persecutions not yet 
 extinguished." Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 1. The Peasantry of the Border; an Appeal in their 
 Behalf, 1842, 8vo. 
 
 Give them good cottages, and help them to educate their 
 children." 
 
 Of this excellent work a second ed., enlarged, has ap 
 peared, with plans, estimates, &c. 
 
 7. Vigilantius and his Times, 1844, 8vo. 
 
 ; ' The history of this reformer and his controversy with Jerome 
 have been recently subjected to an elaborate examination by the 
 Rev. Dr. Gilly in his learned and instructive work, Vigilantius and 
 his Times, which the student ought by all means to consult in 
 order to obtain a clear idea of the deplorable state of religion in the 
 early part of this (the 5th) century." DR. J. SEATON REID, Editor of 
 Mosktim. 
 
 8. Romaunt Version of the Gospel according to St. John, 
 1848, 8vo. 
 
 Gilman, Mrs. Caroline, a daughter of the late 
 Samuel Howard of Boston, was born in that city, October 
 8, 1794. At the early age of 16, she wrote a poem entitled 
 Jephthah's Rash Vow, which was succeeded by another 
 poetical effusu n, Jairus's Daughter, which was pub. in 
 The North American Review. In 1819 she was married 
 to Samuel Gilman, D.D., who, shortly after this event, be 
 came pastor of the Unitarian Church in. Charleston, South 
 Carolina, which office he retained until his death, in 1858. 
 In 1832 Mrs. Gilman commenced editing The Rosebud, a 
 hebdomadal, perhaps the first juvenile newspaper pub. in 
 the United States. 
 
 " From this periodical I have reprinted, at various tunes, the 
 following volumes : Recollections of a New England Housekeeper ; 
 Recollections of a Southern Matron; Ruth Raymond; or, Love's' 
 Progress; Poetry of Travelling in the United States; Tales and 
 Ballads; Verses of a Life-Time ; Letters of Eliza Wilkinson during 
 the Invasion of Charleston. Also several volumes for youth, now 
 collected in one, and recently published as Mrs. Oilman's Gift- 
 Book." See Mrs. Kale's Records of Women, N. Y., 1853, r. 8vo. 
 
 To this list must be added Oracles for Youth, 1854; 
 Oracles from the Poets; and Sibyl j or, New Oracles from 
 the Poets, 1854. 
 
 Mrs. Gilman is best known by the Recollections of a 
 New England Housekeeper, and Recollections of a Southern 
 Matron, of both of which there have been many editions. 
 " Her works will long be valued for the spirit and fidelity with 
 which she has painted rural and domestic life in the northern and 
 in the southern states. Her Recollections of a New England 
 Housekeeper and Recollections of a Southern Matron are equally 
 happy, and both show habits of minute observation, skill in cha 
 racter-writing, and an artist-like power of grouping. They are 
 also pervaded by a genial tone, and a true love of nature and 
 good sense. . . . The poems of Mrs. Gil^-an abound in expressions 
 of wise, womanly feeling, and are frequently marked by a graceful 
 elegance of manner." Griswold's Female Poets of America. 
 See GLOVER, MRS. CAROLINE H. 
 
 Gilman, Charles. Decisions Sup. Cts. of Indiana 
 and Illinois, and Cir. Ct. U. S. for 7th Cir., Columbus, 
 1844, 8vo. 
 
 Gilman, Samuel, D.D., b. 1791, in Gloucester, 
 Massachusetts; entered Harvard College in 1807, in the 
 same class with N. L. Frothingham and Edward Everett. 
 He graduated in 1811, and was, from 1817 to 1819, tutor 
 in his college. In 1819 he was married to Miss Caroline 
 Howard, (see GILMAN, MRS. CAROLINE,) and removed to 
 Charleston, South Carolina, where he remained until his 
 death in 1858, as pastor of the Unitarian Church of that 
 city. Dr. Gilman contributed many valuable papers to the 
 North American Review on the Lectures of Dr. Thomas 
 Brown, a trans, of several of the satires of Boileau, Ac., 
 and pub. other essays upon various subjects in the Boston 
 Christian Examiner, the London Monthly Repository, Ac., 
 together with discourses, biographies, essays, and transla 
 tions, which exhibit a wide range of knowledge and are 
 "all executed with taste and scholarship." His Memoirs 
 of a New England Choir, of which there have been three 
 eds^ has been greatly admired for the tone of humorous 
 vivacity and graphic descriptiveness which distinguishes it. 
 He pub., in 1852, the Pleasures and Pains of a Student's 
 Life, and, in 1856, a vol. entitled Contributions to Litera 
 ture, Critical, Humorous, Biographical, Philosophical, and 
 Poetical. Noticed in N. Amer. Rev., July, 1856, 271, by 
 A. P. Peabody, D.D. Of his poems, The History of the 
 Ray of Light, and his Poem read before the Phi Beta Kappa 
 Society of Harvard College, are among the best-known, 
 
 673 
 
GIL 
 
 GIL 
 
 A review of some of Dr. Oilman's sermons will be found in 
 the Boston Christian Disciple, iv. 33. See an interesting 
 biographical sketch of Dr. Gilman in the Monthly Reli 
 gious Magazine, Boston, April, 1858. Also Dr. Burnap's 
 Funeral Discourse. 
 
 Gilmer, W. Cases Decided in Ct. Appeals of Vir 
 ginia, 1820 to 1821, Richmond, 1821, 8vo. 
 
 Gilmour, Sir John, of Craigmillar. Decisions of 
 the Lords of Council and Session from July, 1661, to July, 
 1666, Edin., 1701, 4to. 
 
 Gilmour, Capt. Robt. 1. Lothaire; a Romance, 
 1815, 8vo. 2. The Battle of Waterloo ; a Poem, 1816, 8vo. 
 
 Gilpin, Bernard, 1517-1583, the "Apostle of the 
 North," a native of Westmoreland, educated at and Fel 
 low of Queen's Coll., Oxf., became Vicar of Norton, Dur 
 ham, 1552, and subsequently Rector of Hough ton-le- 
 Spring. He refused the bishopric of Carlisle and the 
 provostship of Queen's College. He embraced the prin 
 ciples of the Reformation with great ardour, and no man 
 of his day was more famous for abundant labours, un- 
 
 ?uenchable zeal, and holiness of life. 1. A Godly Serm., 
 581. Also, sine anno. 2. Serm., 1630, 4to. His Life 
 was written by Bishop Carleton, 1628, <fcc., see Words 
 worth's Eccl. Biog., iv. 367 ; an article by South ey in the 
 Quar. Rev., xxxix. 375 ; and his Life by his descendant, Rev. 
 Wm. Gilpin, 1753. New ed., with Introduc. Essay by the 
 Rev. Edward Irving, 1824, 12mo; 1830, 12mo; 1854, 8vo. 
 "Thus died Bernard Gilpin, who, for his exemplary piety, labo 
 rious virtue, and unbounded benevolence, deserves to have his 
 name transmitted to posterity with respect and reverence, and 
 who obtained and most deservedly among his contemporaries the 
 title of the Northern Apostle." 
 
 Gilpin, Bernard, Rector of Warmington, Warwick 
 shire. Accession Serm. on Judges xvii. 6, 1717, 8vo. 
 
 Gilpin, Bernard, Rector of St. Andrew, Hertford. 
 Anthologia Sacra, Lon., 1832, 8vo. 
 
 Gilpin, Edw. Skialetheia; or, A Shadow of Truth 
 in Certain Epigrams and Satyres, Lon., 1598, 16mo. 
 
 Gilpin, George, brother of Bernard, Privy-Counsellor 
 of Queen Elizabeth, and her ambassador at the Hague, 
 negotiated Treaty of 1596, between her, Henry IV. of 
 France, and the Dutch Republic; trans, from the Dutch 
 Alegambe's satire against Popery, entitled The Bee Hiue 
 of the Romishe Churche, Lon., 1580, '98, 16mo. 
 
 Gilpin, George, Secretary of the Royal Society. Con. 
 on Nat. Philos. to Phil. Trans., 1794, 1806, and Nic. Jour., 
 1807. 
 
 Gilpin, Gilbert. Con. on Machines to Nic. Jour., 
 1806, '08. 
 
 Gilpin, Henry. Massacre of the Bards, and other 
 Poems, Lon., 1839, 12mo. 
 
 Gilpin, Henry D., a lawyer of Philadelphia, noted for 
 his attainments in t^e Greek and Latin classics, b. in 1801 ; 
 graduated in the University of Pennsylvania, 1819 ; Attor 
 ney of the U.S. for Pennsylvania, 1832 j Solicitor of the 
 Treasury of the United States, 1837 ; Attorney- General of 
 the United States, 1840 ; now President of the Pennsyl 
 vania Academy of the Fine Arts, Vice-President of the 
 Historical Society, and Director of Girard College. 1. Re 
 ports of Cases Dist. Ct. U.S. for East. Dist. Penna. 1828- 
 36, Phila,, 1837, 8vo. 
 
 "Judge Hopkinson's decisions occupy the greater part of the 
 volume, and are very able and excellent expositions of Admiralty 
 Law. The Reporter has given clear and concise statements of the 
 facts in each case, and the book enjoys, in all respects, a high 
 reputation." Marvin's Leg. Bibl. See 18 Amer. Jur., 521. 
 
 2. Opinions of the Attorneys-General of the U.S. from 
 the beginning of the Govt. to 1841 ; taken from Official 
 Documents transmitted to Congress, Wash., 1841, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 " The work is an interesting one, and every way a fitting monu 
 ment to the reputation of the distinguished men who have suc 
 cessively filled the Attorney-Generalship of the United States." 
 1 Pa. Law J., 264. 
 
 To Mr. Gilpin we are also indebted for the supervision 
 of the publication, by authority of Congress, of The Papers 
 of James Madison, vols. i., ii., iii., pp. 580, xxii.; 662; 382, 
 ccxlvi., 1840, 8vo. These papers were purchased from 
 Mrs. Madison by the Govt. of the United States for thirty 
 thousand dollars. See a review of their character, by 
 Charles Francis Adams, in N. Amer. Rev., liii. 41. 
 
 Mr. Gilpin edited and wrote many articles in prose and 
 verse in the Atlantic Souvenir, the first literary annual pub. 
 in America, Phila., 1826-32. <He is also the author of many 
 articles, literary and political, in the American Quarterly 
 Review and the Democratic Review, and some in the North 
 American Review. A large number of the Biographies of 
 the Signers of the Declaration of Independence were written 
 by him; and the second edition of that collection was en 
 tirely revised, enlarged with much fresh original matter, 
 and edited by him. He has published biographical notices 
 674 
 
 of Livingston, Wright, Forsyth, Poinsett, and other states 
 men, now deceased, with whom he was associated. Nume 
 rous addresses and speeches of his have been printed, deli 
 vered on public occasions or before societies connected with 
 literature, science, and the Fine Arts. 
 
 Gilpin, Jeremiah. Serm., Lon., 1787, 8vo. 
 
 Gilpin, John, of Kendal, Eng. The Quakers Shaken. 
 Lon., 1653, 4to. 
 
 Gilpin, Joseph. Epidemic Fever at Gibraltar in the 
 years 1804, '10, '13; Medico-Chirurg. Trans., v. 333, 1814. 
 
 Gilpin, Joshua, Vicar of Wrockwardine. Sermons 
 and Theol. Treat., 1785-1817. Life of St. Paul, 1806. Mo 
 nument of Parental Affection, 1812. 
 
 Gilpin, Joshua, Phila. Memoir on a Canal from the 
 Chesapeake to the Delaware, 1821, Svo. Verses written at 
 the Fountain of Vaucluse, 1799, Svo. Farm of Virgil, and 
 other Poems, 1839, 12mo. 
 
 Gilpin, Rand. Liturgica Sacra, Carmine, 1657, 8vo. 
 
 Gilpin, Richard, 1625-1699, graduated M.D. at 
 Leyden ; studied divinity, and was Rector of Graystock,. 
 in Cumb. ; resigned it from non-compliance with the Act 
 of Uniformity. Disputatio Medica de Hysterica Passione. 
 The Temple Rebuilt, Lon., 1658. Sermons, Lon., 1700. 
 Demonologia Sacra; or, A Treatise of Satan's Tempta 
 tions. In three parts, Lon., 1677, 4to. 
 
 " If ever there was a man that was clearly acquainted with the 
 cabinet councils of hell, this author is the man." Ryland's Cotton 
 Mather. 
 
 " An excellent work ; shows the snares of our great enemy, and 
 is full of Christian experience." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 Gilpin, Richard. Serm., Lon., 1700, 4to. 
 
 Gilpin, Rev. Thomas. The Odes of Anacreon, in 
 English Prose, Lon., 1807, 12mo; 1808. 
 
 Gilpin, Thomas, Phila., original member of the 
 Amer. Phil. Society, 1769. Con. to its Transactions, vol. i. 
 339, ii. 236. 
 
 Gilpin, Thomas. Exiles in Virginia : Observations 
 and Official Documents rel. to Friends during the Ameri 
 can Revolution, 1848, Svo. On Representation of Minori 
 ties, 1844, Svo. On Organic Remains Connected with an 
 Ancient Tropical Region, 1843, Svo. 
 
 Gilpin, William, 1724-1804, Vicar of Boldre, in the 
 New Forest, and Preb. of Salisbury, was the author of 
 many valuable theological and other works, some of which 
 we notice. He left the profits of his publications for the 
 endowment of a school or schools at Boldre. He was an 
 accomplished artist, as his illustrations to his vols. abun 
 dantly prove. His brother Sawrey, a professional artist, 
 contributed etchings of cattle to William's picturesque 
 works. 1. Life of Bernard Gilpin, Lon., 1753, Svo. 2 Of 
 Latimer, 1755, Svo. 3. Of Wickliff, <fcc., 1765, Svo. 4. Of 
 Cranmer, 17S4, Svo. 5. Of the Reformers, 1809, 2 vols. Svo. 
 6. Lect. on the Catechism of the Ch. of Eng., 1779, 2 vols. 
 12mo. 
 
 " This book greatly merits the attention of young persons." 
 BISHOP WATSON. 
 
 7. Expos, of the N. Test,, 1790, 4to; 2d ed., 1793, 2 vols. 
 Svo. Other eds. 
 
 "A justly-admired and ably-executed work." Home's Bibl.Bib. 
 See Brit. Crit., 0. S., iv. 122. 
 
 8. Dialogues on the Amusements of the Clergy, 1797, 
 12mo. 
 
 " Written under the assumed name of Dr. Frampton, but really, 
 as I believe, by the late Rev. William Gilpin, Vicar of Boldre, in 
 the New Forest. A clergyman may derive from it, I am per 
 suaded, many valuable hints with respect to his amusements, 
 and he will be amply repaid for the perusal by the neatness and 
 entertaining character of the composition, as well as by the 
 general correctness of its sentiments." Bp. Mant's Clergyman's 
 Obligations, p. 338. 
 
 " Sound arguments against many that are indefensible, and a 
 pleading for those less objectionable." Bickersteih's C. S. 
 
 9. Serins, preached to a Country Congregation. Vol. i., 
 1799; 3d ed., 1802; vol. ii., 2d ed., 1801; vol. iii., 1803; 
 vol. iv., 1805. 
 
 "We strongly recommend these discourses to the frequent 
 perusal and the careful imitation of the young clergy, espe 
 cially those who reside in the country." Dr. AiJein's Annual 
 Review. 
 
 10. We class under one head a series of Mr. G.'s works 
 generally sold together, the first issued of which, Forest 
 Scenery, was pub. (first ed.) in 1791, 2 vols. 8vo. Works 
 on the Picturesque in Landscape Scenery and Gardening, 
 comprising Observations and Artistical Remarks on the 
 Picturesque Beauty of various Parts of England, Wales, 
 and Scotland, in a Series of Tours and Essays, 180S, <c. 
 1. Northern Tour, 2 vols. 2. Southern Tour,^l vol. 
 3. Western Tour, 1 vol. 4. Eastern Tour, 1 vol. 5. Scot 
 tish Tour, 2 vols. 6. River Wye, Ac., 1 vol. 7. Forest 
 Scenery, Ac., 2 vols. 8. Five Essays: on Picturesque 
 
 1 Beauty, Travel, Landscape, Drawings, 1 vol. ' 
 
 ). Prints 
 
GIL 
 
 GIS 
 
 and Early Engravers, 1 vol. Together, 12 vols. 8vo, 
 1808, &c., with 187 aquatinta engravings. Pub. at 10 
 10*. Now (1856) worth about 3 10s. to 4 10s., accord 
 ing to condition. 
 
 "A gentleman by whose pen and whose pencil I have been 
 almost equally delighted, and who, with an originality that always 
 accompanies true genius, may be considered as having opened a 
 new source of enjoyment in surveying the works of nature." 
 Greerts Diary of a Lover of Literature. 
 
 "All these works [Gilpin's Tours] display a deep and sincere 
 judgment, and are written in a style appropriate to the subject 
 and worthy of the matter." Stevenson's Voyages and Travels. 
 
 "Gilpin has described, in several justly-esteemed tours, the 
 Picturesque Beauties of Great Britain. All his volum.es are ac 
 companied by engravings in aquatint, executed by himself with 
 the taste and feelings of a painter. He has in some measure cre 
 ated a new kind of tour, which has found bad imitators every 
 where. All his works abound with ingenious reflections, proper 
 to enrich the theory of the arts and to guide the practice of them." 
 Biograp/iie Universette. 
 
 Gilpin, William, d. 1848, Rector of Pulverbatch, 
 1806, son of the preceding, and his successor as master of 
 the school at Cheam, Surrey. Serms., illustrative and 
 practical, Lon., 1820, 8vo. 
 
 Gilpin, William Sawrey, d. 1843, aged 81, land 
 scape-gardener, son of Sawrey Gilpin, artist of the Royal 
 Academy, and cousin to the subject of the preceding 
 notice. Practical Hints upon Landscape Gardening, Lon., 
 1832, r. 8vo; 1835. 
 
 "A very interesting work. Mr. Gilpin's well-known labours, 
 and their effect in advancing and refining the portion of our home 
 enjoyments connected with the garden, render it unnecessary for 
 us to say more than that this volume contains graphic embellish 
 ments which at once adorn the work and illustrate its instruc 
 tions." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 Gilpin's terms were five guineas a day and travelling 
 expenses paid. 
 
 Gilroy, C. G. Art of Weaving by Hand and by 
 Power,- 2d ed., Manches., 1853, r. 8vo. 
 
 " We have seldom or never seen a more elaborate work upon 
 any department of the art. It is a curious and extraordinary 
 book." Belfast Times. 
 
 Gilson, David, Curate of St. Saviour's, Southwark. 
 1. Serms. on Prac. Subjects, Lon., 1788, 8vo. 2, 3, 4. Oc- 
 cas. Serms., 1793, '94, 1800. 5. Serms. on Prac. Subjects, 
 with Memoir. 
 
 live passages, much solid 
 
 argument, and a great deal of useful and edifying instruction." 
 Vide Life. 
 
 Gipps, George. Serm., Lon., 1645, 4to. 
 
 Gipps, Henry, Vicar of St. Peter's, Hereford. 1. 
 Treat, on the First Resurrection, &c., Lon., 1831, 12mo. 
 
 "An elaborate work, written against the millenarian view of 
 Scripture." Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 2. Serms. and Sketches of Serms., with Remarks upon 
 his Pulpit Ministry, by the Rev. J. H. Latrobe, 1833, 8vo. 
 
 " These sermons of the Evangelical school are composed in a 
 plain and homely, but sometimes energetic style, and with an 
 earnest sincerity, sometimes harshness, of tone." Brit. Crit., 1834. 
 " A volume of evangelical sermons, by one of the most eminent 
 and devoted ministers of the Establishment." London Congrega 
 tional Magazine. 
 
 Gipps, Thomas. Serm., <fcc., 1683, '99. 
 
 Giraldus Cambrensis. See BARRY, GIRALD. 
 
 Girdler, J. S. 1. Forestalling, Regrating, and In- 
 grossing, &c., Lon., 1800, 8vo. 2. High Price of Pro 
 visions, 1800. 
 
 Girdleston, Rev. J. L. 1. New Version of Pindar, 
 Lon. and Norw., 1810, 4to. 2. Facts tending to prove 
 that General Lee was Junius, Lon., 1813, 8vo. See JUNIUS. 
 
 Girdlestone, Charles, Rural Dean, Rector of Kings- 
 winford, Staffordshire. 1. New Test., with a Comment., 
 Lon., 1832-35, 4 pts. 8vo ; 2 vols. New ed., 1850, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " These labours are an honour to Mr. Girdlestone, and a service 
 to the Christian world." Brit. Critic. 
 
 2. Old Test., with a Comment., 1836-38, pts. 1 to 3, 8vo. 
 New ed., 1850, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Two most valuable practical expositions of the Old and New 
 Testaments." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 We cite also the following commendation of Mr. Girdle- 
 stone's Commentaries on the Old and New Testaments : 
 
 "All controversial doctrines, all abstruse theories, and all 
 learned discussions are carefully avoided, while the capacities and 
 wants of an ordinary domestic circle are kept steadily in view." 
 Lon. Chris. Eemem. 
 
 Mr. G. has also pub. several series of serms., Ac., and 
 edited, in conjunction with the Rev. Wm. A. Osborne, an 
 expurgated and annotated edition of the Greek and Latin 
 classics, adapted to the use of young persons ; pub. by 
 Messrs. Longman & Co., of London. 
 
 Girdlestone, Thomas, M.D., 1758-1822, a native 
 of Holt, Norfolk, practised for 36 years at Yarmouth. 
 1. Diabetes, Yarm., 1799, 8vo. 2. Odes of Anacreon, in 
 English verse, Lon., 1803, cr. 8vo; 3d ed., 1806. 
 
 Girdlestone, Rev. Wm. Observ. on Daniel and 
 on part of the Revelations of St. John, with an Append, 
 on the 24th chap, of St. Matt., Ac., Oxf., 1820, 8vo. 
 
 Girle, S. Serms., 1790, 1803, '05, all 8vo. 
 
 Girrard, J. Lect. on Education, Exon., 1757, 12mo. 
 
 Girtin, James. Seventy -five Portraits of Celebrated 
 Painters, from authentic Originals, Lon., 1817, 4to. 
 
 Girtin, Thomas. Views in Paris, Lon., 1803, ob 
 long fol. 
 
 Girton, Daniel. The Complete Pigeon-Fancier, 
 Lon., 1779, 12mo. 
 
 "A very judicious compilation." Lovmdes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 Girvan, Alex. Reginald Selwyn; or, Lights and 
 Shades of Literary Life, 1825, 8vo. 
 
 " We can recommend this book to the perusal of all who can 
 appreciate lifelike portraiture." Lon. M. Herald. 
 
 Girvin, .John, 1734-1804. Exportation of Rock 
 Salt, &c., Lon., 1800, 8vo. 
 
 Gisborne, John. The Vales of Wever; a loco-de 
 scriptive Poem, Lon., 1797, 4to ; 2d ed., 1851, 12mo. A 
 Memoir of J. G., with Extracts from his Diary, was pub. 
 in 1852, p. 8vo. 
 
 Gisborne, L. The Isthmus of Darien in 1852 : Jour 
 nal of Expedition of Inquiry, Lon., 1853, p. 8vo. 
 
 Gisborne, Thomas, 1758-1846, a native of Derby, 
 entered Harrow School, 1773; St. John's Coll., Camb., 
 1776 ; ordained deacon, 1781 ; priest, 1782 ; Perpetual Cu 
 rate of Barton-under-Needwood, Staffordshire, 1783; re 
 sided at Yoxhall Lodge, near Barton, 1783-1846; Preb. of 
 Durham, 1826. A biographical notice of Mr. G., with a 
 list of his works, will be found in Lon. Gent. Mag. for 
 June, 1846. His principal works are 1. Principles of 
 Moral Philosophy, Lon., 1789, 8vo; 4tb ed., with Remarks 
 rel. to Slave Trade, (pub. 1792,) 1798. 
 
 "A well-written work, containing many judicious observa 
 tions." Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 2. An Enquiry into the Duties of Men in the Higher 
 Rank and Middle Classes of Society in G. Brit., 1794, 4to; 
 1795, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. Walks in a Forest; or, Poems, Ac., 
 1794, 4to; 1797, 8vo; 7th ed., 12mo. 
 
 "Gisborne's Poems have a title to particular note, as possessing 
 just claims to original description. That entitled Walks in a 
 Forest is a peculiarly attractive work, not deficient in pathetic 
 incident or digressional decoration." DR. DRAKE. 
 
 4. Duties of the Female Sex, 1797, 8vo; 14th ed., 1847, 
 24mo. 5. Familiar Survey of the Chris. Relig. and Hist., 
 1797, 8vo ; 8th ed., 1840, fp. 8vo. 
 
 "It is a plain but judicious and useful work. The first division 
 gives the history of the Old and New Testament; the second ex 
 plains the leading doctrines of our religion ; and the third con 
 veys the history of Christianity from its origin to the present 
 time." Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 6. Poems, 1798, 8vo ; 3d ed., 12mo. 7. Serms., vol. i. f 
 5th ed., 1809 ; vol. ii., 4th ed., 1806. On Christian Mo 
 rality, 2d ed., 1810, 8vo. (He also pub. several occasional 
 serms.) His serms. are considered "a model for young 
 students of divinity." 
 
 " The heart must be cold which is not moved by them, nor 
 should we admire the head which was impenetrable to their argu 
 ments." Brit. Critic. 
 
 " We have read these sermons with so much satisfaction, that 
 were it in our power to aid their circulation by any testimony of 
 our approbation, we should be almost at a loss for terms suffi 
 ciently strong and emphatic." REV. ROBERT HALL. 
 
 " Mr. Gisborne's style is clear and nervous, his piety dignified 
 and elevated, and his zeal tempered with mildness and candour. 
 These excellencies render his sermons a model for young students 
 of divinity, especially those who may have to address congrega 
 tions of the higher class." Lon. Chris. Observer. 
 
 8. Serms. (8) on St. Paul's Epistle to the Colossians, 
 1816, 12mo. 
 
 " A practical exposition of an important epistle. It embodies an 
 evangelical spirit, and affords some excellent illustrations both of 
 the doctrine and general influence of the gospel." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 "A very useful little work." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 See an analysis of it in the Lon. Chris. Observer for 1816, 
 vol. xv., pp. 525-534. 
 
 9. The Testimony of Natural Theology to Christianity, 
 1818, I2mo. 
 
 " Some additional illustrations to ~Pa.ley."Bickerstettfs C. S. 
 
 10. Considerations on the modern theories of Geology, 
 and their consistency or inconsistency with the Scriptures, 
 1837, 8vo. 
 
 11. An Enquiry respecting Love as one of the Divine 
 Attributes, 1838, fp. 8vo. 
 
 << A series of writings on moral and theological subjects, calm, 
 rational, intelligent, and impressive, contribute to place Gisborne 
 in the number of the best Christians, if not of the best writers, of 
 the age." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 "All valuable. They are characterized throughout by sound 
 principles, an elegant diction, a benevolent and devout spirit." 
 Dr. E. Wittiams's C. P. 
 
 " The moral writings of Mr. Gisborne are well known, and have 
 been long highly prized." Orme's Bibl, Bib. 
 
 675 
 
GIS 
 
 Gisborne, Thomas, of Yoxhall Lodge, Staffordshire. 
 
 1. Letter to Rev. H. Phillpots, D.D., Lon., 1827, 8vo. 
 
 2. Essays on Agriculture : I. Cattle and Sheep. II. Agri 
 cultural Drainage. III. Ancient Agricultural Literature. 
 IV. High Farming. Lon., 1853, p. Svo. These essays ap 
 peared originally in the Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 These essays are very creditable, and show the author to have 
 taken much more than an amateur view of the subjects, and to 
 have gathered a knowledge very far beyond the station of life 
 
 which he occupied The subjects are well understood and very 
 
 sensibly discussed." Donaldson's Agricutt. Biog. 
 
 Gisborne. Wm., D.D. Inquiry into the Principles 
 of National Order, Ac., 1798, 1800, 8vo. Prefixed are two 
 tracts written by Edward, Earl of Clarendon, on War and 
 Peace. 
 
 Gittins, or Gittings, Dan. 1. Serm., 1744, 8vo. 
 2. Serm., Lon., 1755, 8vo. 3. Remarks on the Tenets and 
 Principles of the Quakers as contained in the Theses Theo- 
 Jogicse of Robert Barclay, 1758, 8vo. 
 
 Gladstone, J. Letter to the Earl of Clancarty on 
 the Importation of Wool from the U. States, Lon., 1814. 
 
 Gladstone, Rt. Hon. Wm. K wart, b. at Liverpool, 
 Dec. 29, 1809, the youngest son of Sir John Gladstone, 
 was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxf. ; entered 
 Parliament as member for Newark, 1832; represented 
 Oxford University since 1847; Chancellor of the Exche 
 quer, 1851. Mr. G. has also held several other important 
 public stations. 1. The State in its Relations with the 
 Church, Lon., 1838, 8vo; 4th ed., 1841, 2 vols. 
 
 " If Mr. Gladstone were an ordinary character, we should be in 
 clined to speak strongly of the singular vigour, depth of thought, 
 and eloquence, which he has displayed in his essay. But he is 
 evidently not an ordinary character ; though it is to be hoped that 
 many others are now forming themselves in the same school with 
 him to act hereafter on the same principles." Lon. Quar. Rev., 
 Ixv. 97-153. 
 
 " We certainly cannot wish that Mr. Gladstone's doctrines may 
 become fashionable with public men. But we heartily wish that 
 his laudable desire to penetrate beneath the surface of questions, 
 and to arrive, by long and intense meditation, at the knowledge 
 of great general laws, were much more fashionable than we at all 
 expect it to become." T. B. MACAULAY : Edin. Rev., Ixix. 231-280, 
 Also see Brit. Critic, xxvi. 355. 
 
 2. Church Principles considered in their Results, 1840, 
 12mo. 
 
 Of the two preceding works Mr. Bickersteth remarks: 
 " Useful thoughts, but with Tractarian tendencies." Cfiristian 
 Student. 
 
 3. Inaugural Address at the Collegiate Institution, Liver 
 pool, 1843, 8vo. 4. Remarks on Recent Commercial Legis 
 lation, 1845, 8vo. 5. Manual of Family Prayers from the 
 Liturgy, 1845, 12mo. 6. Two Letters to the Earl of Aber 
 deen on the state prosecutions of the Neapolitan Govern 
 ment, llth ed., 1851, 12mo, pp. 48. 7. An Examination 
 of the Official Reply of the Neapolitan Government, 1852 
 8vo, pp. 52. Copies of Mr. Gladstone's celebrated Letters 
 a protest against the cruelties of the Government of 
 Naples, founded upon the writer's personal visits to the 
 prisons, Ac. of that country have been sent by the British 
 Government to the court of every European state. Those 
 who have been interested in Mr. Gladstone's correspondent 
 
 Xn ecclesiastical matters with the Chevalier Bun sen 
 uld read the work of the latter, entitled Constitution 
 of the Church of the Future : a Practical Explanation o 
 the Corresp. with the Rt. Hon. Wm. E. Gladstone on th 
 German Church, Episcopacy, and Jerusalem. With i 
 Preface, Notes, and the Complete Correspondence Trans, 
 1847, p. 8vo. See COTTRELL, C. H. 
 
 " A volume which is destined to produce a very strong sensatio 
 in the religious world. The King of Prussia has just given hi 
 kingdom an important constitutional change ; but it can bear n 
 comparison with the more extensive and momentous views ente 
 tained by his Minister in regard to the Church and the future o 
 Christianity." ion. Lit. Gaz. See MURE, COL. WILLIAM, M.P. 
 
 Gladwin, Francis. Ayeen Akery ; or, the Institute 
 of the Emperor Akbar. From the Persian, Lon., 1777 
 4to ; Calcut., 1783-86, 3 vols. 4to. Best ed. Reprinted 
 Lon., 1800, 2 vols. 4to. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 " A description of the whole Indian Empire." 
 "Perhaps no book in the Republic of Letters contains so muc 
 information in so small a space." CLARKE. 
 
 Gladwin also pub. a Hist, of Hindostan, Calcut., 1781 
 4to, translations from the Persian, and works upon th 
 philology of this language, Ac., 1788-1800. 
 
 Glandore, Earl of. Speech, Dubl., 1799 8vo 
 Glanius. 1. Voy. to Bengala, Lon., 1682, 8vo. 2. Ne 
 Voy. to the E. Indies. 
 
 Glanvil, Bartholomew. See BAKTHOLOM^US AN 
 
 6LICUS. 
 
 Glanvil, Sir John, d. 1661, King's Sergeant, an 
 Speaker of Parliament, a son of John Glanvil of Tavi 
 tock. Reports of Cases of Controverted Elections Pu 
 676 
 
 GLA 
 
 y John Topham, Lon., 1775, Svo. This volume contains 
 uch valuable information on the troublesome question of 
 introverted elections. See Prince's Worthies of Devon; 
 then. Oxon. ; Lloyd's Memoirs. 
 
 Glanvil, John, 1664-1735, grandson of the preceding, 
 native of Broad Hinton. Poems, Lon., 1725, Svo. He 
 lade the first English trans, of Fontenelle's Plurality of 
 Vorlds. 
 
 Glanvil, or Glanvill, Joseph, 1636-1680, a native 
 f Plymouth, entered Exeter Coll., Oxf., 1652; Rector of 
 he Abbey-church, Bath, 1666 ; Preb. of Worcester, 1678. 
 [e was a man of learning and genius, a zealous member 
 f the Royal Society, a warm opponent of the Aristoteleian 
 hilosophy, and a firm believer in witchcraft. He pub. a 
 umber of serms., philosophical treatises, Ac., of which the 
 ollowing are the principal: 1. The Vanity of Dogmatiz- 
 ng, Lon., 1661, Svo and 12mo; 1662, Svo. With addits., 
 nd entitled Scepsis Scientifica; or, Confest Ignorance the 
 way to Science, 1665, 4to. 
 
 " The whole work is strongly marked with the features of an 
 ute, an original, and, in matters of science, a somewhat sceptical 
 enius; and, when compared with the treatise on witchcraft [see 
 Jos. 3 and 10] by the same author, adds another proof to those 
 Iready mentioned of the possible union of the highest intellectual 
 ifts with the most degrading intellectual weakness." DUGALD 
 TEWART : Prelim. Dissert, to Encyc. Brit. 
 
 Could Glanvil read this complimentary reflection, doubt- 
 ess he would have considered that it "added another proof 
 o those already mentioned" of the Vanity of Dogmatizing. 
 2. Lux Orientalis, Lon., 1662, Svo. With Annot. by Dr. 
 H. More, 1682, Svo. 3. Blow at Modern Sadducism; on 
 Pitches and Witchcraft, Ac., 1666, 4to; 1667, fol.; 1688, 
 Svo. 4. Plus ultra; or, the Progress of Knowl. since Aris- 
 otle, 1668, Svo. 
 
 " The scarcest and most estimable of his works." GRANGER. 
 5, 6. Two tracts ags. H. Stubbe, 1671, 8vo. 7. Philoso- 
 ihia Pia, 1671, Svo. 8. Essays, 1676, 4to. 9. Essay on 
 Preaching, 1678, Svo; 1703, 12mo. 
 " A plain and sensible treatise." Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 10. Sadducismus Triumphans; or, A full and plain 
 Evidence cone. Witches and Apparitions; with some Aect. 
 of the Author's Life and Writings, by Dr. Henry More, 
 1681, Svo. With addits., 1682, 1726, Svo. See an interest- 
 ng essay on witchcraft, prefaced with a catalogue of works 
 upon the subject, in the Lon. Retrosp. Review, v. 86-136, 
 1822. 11. Some Discourses, Serms., and Remains. Pub. 
 by Dr. Henry Horneck, 1681, 4to. 
 
 " The Author of these discourses, as his wit lay out of the com 
 mon road, so this genuine offspring of his fertile brain soars above 
 the common level of ecclesiastical orations." DR. HORNECK. 
 
 "He was a person of more than ordinary parts, of a quick, warm, 
 spruce, and gay fancy, and was more lucky, at least in his own 
 judgment, in his first hints and thoughts of things, than in his 
 after-notions, examined and digested by longer and more mature 
 deliberation." Athen. Otfon. 
 
 See Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Brit.; Prince's Worthies of 
 Devon. 
 
 Glanvil, Glanvill, or Glanville, Ranulph de, 
 Chief-Justiciary of all England, accompanied King Richard 
 in the Crusades, and fell at the siege of Acre, at an ad 
 vanced age. The following work is generally ascribed to 
 him: Tractatus de Legibus consuetudinibus Regni An- 
 glise, tempore Regis Henrici Secundi, Lon., 1554, '57? '80, 
 1604, '73, 12mo. Best ed. by John Wilmot, 1780, 12mo. 
 Trans, into English by John Beames, 1812, Svo. This 
 trans., the only one in English, is accurate, and the text is 
 enriched with learned notes. It is by no means certain 
 that this work was written by Glanvil. It has been as 
 cribed to E. de Narbrough, and also to King Henry II. 
 It resembles so closely the Regiam Majestatem, that no 
 doubt one was copied from the other; and it seems most 
 probable that the De Legibus is the elder work. 
 
 " But as on the one side. I dare not be confident that it is Glan- 
 vill's, so I make little question that it is as antient as his time, if 
 not his work." JOHN SELDEN. 
 
 Glanvil is relied upon as authority by Coke, Spelman, 
 Selden, Hale, Blackstone, Ac. 
 
 "Whom I cite many times in these Reports for the fruit which 
 I confess myself to have reaped out of the fair fields of his labours." 
 LORD COKE. 
 
 Reeves incorporated the principal part of Glanvil's Trac 
 tatus in his Hist, of the Common Law. 
 
 An eminent authority, well known for his partiality 
 to old English law-writers, several of whom he had re 
 printed with his own annotations, thus compares Glanvil 
 and Littleton: 
 
 " Voici 1' opinion que j'ai concue du recueil de Glanville. II in- 
 dique la methode la plus sure pour faire executer la loi; et Little 
 ton nous instruit des causes et du but de cette methode. Celui-ci 
 propose toutes les maximes; et la compilation de Glanville coin- 
 prend toutes les Procedures propres a mettre ces maximes eu 
 
GLA 
 
 GLE 
 
 action. Ces deux ouvrages rSunis suffisent pour instruire a fond 
 des coutumes et de 1'ordre judicaire observes chez les anciens Nor- 
 mands." M. HOUARD. 
 
 See the above authorities cited, and others referred to, 
 in Marvin's Leg. Bibl. The Mirror declares that Glanvil 
 was the inventor of the famous writ of Assize or De Novel 
 Disseisin ; but other authorities affirm this to be more an 
 cient. Of the works referred to above, Bishop Nicolson's 
 Eng. Hist. Lib. must be specially consulted. 
 
 Glaiiville, John, Articuli Fidei Ecclesise Anglicange, 
 carmine expressi, Oxon., 1613, 4to. 
 
 Glapthorn, or Glapthorne, Henry, a dramatic 
 author temp. Charles I. 1. Albertus Wallenstein, Tr., Lon., 
 1634, 4to. 2. Argalus and Parthenia, Tr. Com., 1639, 4to. 
 3. The Ladies' Privilege, 1640, 4to. 4. The Hollander, C., 
 1640 4to. 5. Wit in a Constable, 1640, 4to. 6. The Para- 
 side, N. P. 7. The Vestal, N. P. 8. The Noble Tryal, Tr. 
 C., N. P. 9. The Dutchess of Fernandina, Tr., N. P. 
 10. Poems, to Lucinda, Ac., 1639, 4to. 
 
 " Plays which I presume in those days past with good Approba 
 tion at the Globe and Cock-pit Playhouses; tho' I cannot agree 
 with Mr. Winstanley, [English Poets, page 115,] That he was one of 
 the chiefest Dramatic Poets of this Age." Langlxiine's Dram. Poets. 
 
 " Though his plays are now entirely laid aside, yet, at the time 
 they were written, they met with considerable approbation and 
 success." Biog. Dramat. 
 
 " Glapthorne is certainly a better writer than a dramatist, more 
 eloquent than impassioned, more poetical than pathetic, infinitely 
 better qualified to describe than to feel, and to describe outward 
 and visible things, than 
 
 " ' To paint the finest features of the mind ; 
 And to most subtle and mysterious things 
 Give colour, strength, and motion.' " 
 
 Lon. Retrosp. Rev., x. 122-160, 1824. 
 
 Glas, Adam. Serm., 1712, 8vo. 
 
 Glas, or Glass, George. Hist, of the Canary Is 
 lands; from the Spanish, Lon., 1764, 4to. Also in Pinker- 
 ton's Collec. of Voy. and Trav., vol. xvi. 
 
 " The affinity of the Aborigines of these Islands to the American 
 Tribes is one of the most interesting questions of ethnological 
 science." 
 
 Glas, or Glass, John, 1635-1773, a Scotch divine, 
 a native of Dundee, was the founder of the Glassites, 
 afterwards called, from his son-in-law, Robert Sandeman, 
 Sandemanians. See an account of their tenets, in Wil 
 son's Hist, of Dissent Churches ; Encyc. Brit. ; and their 
 own exposition, pub. in 1766. 1. The Testimony of the 
 King of Martyrs, 1727. New ed. See FERRIER, ROBERT. 
 
 "Mr. Glas was a minister of the Established Church in Scotland; 
 but, for maintaining that the kingdom of Christ is not of this world, 
 was expelled by a Synod. His sentiments are explained in his 
 Testimony of the King of Martyrs, first published in 1729." 
 Evans's Sketch. 
 
 " His tract, The Testimony of the King of Martyrs, though its 
 leading argument may be disputed by many, contains some beau 
 tiful illustrations of the Bible." Orme's Bill. Bib. 
 
 2. Works, Edin.,1762, 4 vols. 8vo ; Perth, 1782, 5 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "These works are chiefly controversial; but they contain fre 
 quent critical discussions of the meaning of Scripture which are 
 worthy of attention. . . . The volume of Notes on Scripture texts 
 shows that he possessed no inconsiderable portion of learning and 
 critical sagacity. Glas's works also contain, what I do not know 
 is to be found elsewhere, an English translation of the Discourse 
 of Celsus." Ormf's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Glas, or Glass, John, 1725-1765, a surgeon, and 
 afterwards ship-master, son of the preceding, was mur 
 dered, with his family, by part of the crew of a vessel, in 
 which he was sailing from the Brazils to London. A De 
 scription of Teneriffe ; with the Manners and Customs of 
 the Portuguese who are settled there. 
 
 Glascock, Capt. W. N., R. N. 1. Tales of a Tar, 
 Lon., p. 8vo. 2. Naval Service, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 3. Naval 
 Sketch-Book, 1826, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " By far the greater part of these volumes must be utterly unin 
 telligible to all but naval men : to them it will afford a considerable 
 treat; and as we were at sea ourselves, long ago, in our youth, we 
 also can taste its humour perfectly. . . . Every word smells of pitch 
 and tar; and really some parts of it are so well done, that, like 
 the Panorama of Leith Roads, they are apt to make one a little 
 qualmish." Lon. Monthly Rev., cix. 200-212. 
 
 4. Naval Sketch-Book, 2d Series, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 5. Sailors 
 and Saints, 1829, 3 vols. p. Svo: 1831. 6. Land Sharks 
 and Sea Gulls, new ed., 1838, 3 vols. p. Svo. 7. Naval 
 Officer's Manual, 2d ed., 1848, p. Svo. New ed., 1854. 
 
 Glascocke, T. Serm., 1702, 4to. 
 
 Glascott, Cradock. Fast Serm., Lon., 1777, Svo. 
 
 Glasier, Hugh. Serm. at Paules Crosse, 1555. 
 
 Glass, Francis, educated in Philadelphia, taught 
 school for some time in the interior of Pennsylvania, and 
 in 1817 or '18 removed to Miami county, Ohio, where he 
 performed the duties of a schoolmaster in different localities. 
 An account of Mr. Glass will be found in Mr. Reynolds's 
 preface to the following work by the former : 
 
 Georgii Washingtonii, Americae Septentrionalis Civita- 
 tum Faederatarum Prsesidis primi, Vita, Francisco Glass, 
 
 A.M. Ohioensi, Literis Latinis conscripta. Neo-Eboraco- 
 poli, 1835, 12mo. Typis Fratrum Harperorum. A review 
 of this work, by J. L. Kingsley, appeared in the N. Amer. 
 Rev., xliii. 37-42. This elicited some animadversions in 
 the Knickerbocker Mag., viii. 473, which were replied to 
 by Mr. K. in the N. Amer. Rev., xliv. 270-272. A notice 
 of Glass's work will also be found in the South. Lit. Mess., 
 ii. 52. Mr. Kingsley admits that Glass 
 
 " Is often happy in the choice of words and phrases, and pas 
 sages occur of terseness and strength ; nor does the author seem 
 to have been wanting in any thing to make this work a worthy 
 companion of the modern histories in the same language but a 
 freer access to books and the advantages of a more correct and 
 thorough criticism." 
 
 But he thinks it his duty to add : 
 
 " We doubt, however, whether this Life of Washington can be 
 used to advantage in schools ; certainly not without constant at 
 tention on the part of the instructor to point out its errors and 
 defects." JV. Amer. Rev., xliii. 43. 
 
 The fairest advice which we can offer to the intelligent 
 reader is that he should read the articles pro and con. and 
 then examine the work for himself. 
 
 Glass, G. H. See GLASSE. 
 
 Glass, H. Servant's Directory, Lon., 1760, Svo. 
 
 Glass, Samuel. Dropsy: Phil. Trans., 1746. 
 
 Glass, Thomas, M.D. Med. treatises, 1742-75. 
 
 Glasse, Capt. Hints for Officers, 1812, Svo. 
 
 Glasse, Dr. Magistrate's Assist.,1784, &c.; 4th ed., *. a. 
 
 Glasse, Henry George, d. 1809; presented to the 
 living of Hanwell, Middlesex, 1785. He trans. Mason's 
 Caractacus, 1781, '83, and Milton's Samson Agonistes, 
 1788, into Greek verse; pub. Contemplations from the 
 Sacred History, altered from the Works of Bishop Hall, 
 1793, 4 vols. 12mo; and Serms. Ac., 1787-1805. 
 
 Glasse, John. Poems, Lon., 1763, 4to. 
 
 Glasse, Samuel, D.D., Rector of Wanstead, Essex, 
 pub. a number of occasional serms., 1773-1803 ; an Expos, 
 of the 10 Commandments, 1801, 12mo; Six Lects. on the 
 Ch. Catechism, 1801, 12mo; and Lectures on the Holy 
 Festivals, 2d ed., 1802, Svo. 
 
 "These most excellent sermons on the Festivals convey very 
 sound and pleasing instruction, and in every instance give you 
 the most authentic account of the person who is the subject of the 
 day's celebration." British Critic. 
 
 Glassford, James, of Dougalston, Advocate. 1. Scot. 
 Courts of Law, Edin., 1812, Svo. 2. Evidence, 1820, Svo. 
 3. Enigmas, Ac., 12mo. 4. Three Tours in Ireland, 1824- 
 26, 12mo. 5. Trans, of Lord Bacon's Latin Pieces, 18mo. 
 6. Covetousness brought to the Bar of Scripture, 1837, p.8vo. 
 
 "The subject is placed before us in so strong and impressive an 
 aspect, and yet so entirely freed from all exaggeration of state 
 ment, that we sincerely hope the treatise will meet with that ex 
 tensive circulation which the excellent talents and Christian 
 worth of the author so eminently deserve." Edin. Presb. Review. 
 
 7. Metrical Versions and Illus. of Scripture. 8. Popular 
 Education with ref. to Ireland, 1838, 12mo. 9. Lyrical 
 Compositions from the Italian Poets, with translations, 
 1846, 12mo. The 2d ed. is greatly enlarged. The former 
 edition was thus noticed in the Edinburgh Review: 
 
 "We have been greatly pleased with this little volume, as much 
 from its general character, as from the grace and polish of its exe 
 cution. It is evidently the production of one possessing a quick 
 natural sensibility to natural beauty, improved by art and study, 
 and no inattentive observer of the poetry of our times." 
 
 Glazebrook, James, 1744-1803, a native of Ma- 
 deley, Shropshire, Vicar of Belton, Leicestershire, and 
 minister of St. James's, Latchford, Warrington. Serms. 
 and Life, Warring., 1805, Svo. 
 
 Glazier, Wm. Belcher, b. 1827, at Hallowell, Maine. 
 Poems, Hallowell, 1853, 12mo. Mr. G. has contributed to 
 several periodicals. 
 
 Gleig, Rt. Rev. George, LL.D., one of the Bishops 
 of the Episcopal Church of Scotland; coadjutor to the 
 Bishop of Brechin, 1808 ; preferred to the sole charge, 
 1810; Primus, 1816. 1. Supp. to the 3d ed. of Encyc. 
 Brit., Edin., 1801, 2 vols. 4to. 2. Occasional Serms., 
 1803, Svo. 3. A Charge, 1809, 4to. 4. Two Serms., Lon., 
 1814, Svo. 5. Stackhouse's Hist, of the Bible, corrected 
 and improved, 1817, 3 vols. 4to. 
 
 K With important corrections, and several valuable dissertations, 
 which tended greatly to increase its utility." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 See STACKHOUSE, THOMAS. 
 
 6. Directions for the study of Theology, in a series of 
 Letters from a Bishop to his son on his admission to holy 
 orders, 1827, Svo. 
 
 "A learned and sensible guide, which appears to divide itself 
 into three parts : 1. Of Natural Religion ; 2. Of the Foundation of 
 Morals, viewed in reference both to their object and their author 
 ity ; and 3. Of the Doctrines which are peculiar to Christianity." 
 Lownde.s's Brit. Lib. 
 
 . Bishop Gleig contributed a number of articles to the 
 Anti-Jacobin Review and to the British Critic. 
 
 677 
 
GLE 
 
 Gleig, George Robert, born in 1795, a son of the 
 preceding, is one of the most voluminous writers of the 
 day. He was educated at Oxford, which he left to join 
 the army, then marching through the city for Lisbon; 
 served in the Peninsula, (see the Subaltern,) and subse 
 quently in the campaign of Washington, where he was 
 severely wounded ; took holy orders j presented to the living 
 of Ivy Church, Kent, 1822 j Chaplain of Chelsea Hospital, 
 1844; Chaplain-General to the Forces, 1846; devised a 
 scheme for the education of soldiers, and appointed In 
 spector-General of Military Schools. 1. The Subaltern, 
 1825, 12mo. 2. Allan Breck, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 3. Chelsea 
 Pensioners, 1829, '40, 3 vols. p. 8vo; also in 1 vol. 12mo. 
 4. Serms., Doct. and Pract., 1830, 12mo. 5. Hist, of the 
 Bible, 1830, '31, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 6. Brit. Milt. Commanders, 
 1831 '32 3 vols. fp. 8vo. 7. Hist, of Brit. India, 1831-33, 
 '48, 4 vols. 18mo. 8. Country Curate, 1834, '49, 2 vols. p. 
 8vo; also in 1 vol. 12mo. 9. Soldier's Help to Divine 
 Truth, 1835, 12mo. 10. Chronicles of Waltham, 1835, 3 
 vols p 8vo. 11. Guide to the Lord's Supper, 1835, 12mo. 
 12. Family Hist, of Eng., 1836, '54, 3 vols. 12mo. 13. The 
 Hussar, 1837, 2 vols. p. 8vo ; also in 1 vol. 12mo. 14. Tra 
 ditions of Chelsea College, 1838, '48, 3 vols. p. 8vo ; also 
 in 1 vol. 12mo. 15. Visit in 1837 to Germany, Bohemia, 
 and Hungary, 1839, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 16. The Only Daughter, 
 1839, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 17. Life of Sir Thos. Munro, 3 vols. 8vo, 
 
 2 vols. 8vo, and new ed., 1849, 1 vol. p. 8vo. 18. Hist, 
 of Eng. for Schools, 3d ed., 1850, 12mo. 19. Veterans of 
 Chelsea Hospital, 1841, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 20. Things, Old 
 and New, r. 8vo. 21. Memoirs of Warren Hastings, 1841, 
 
 3 vols. p. 8vo. 22. Serms. for Advent, Christmas, and the 
 Epiphany, 1844, 12mo. 23. The Light Dragoon, 1844, '48, 
 '50, '54, 2 vols. p. 8vo; also in 1 vol. 12mo. 24. Milt. 
 Hist, of G. Brit, 1845, 12mo. 25. Sale's Brigade in Af 
 ghanistan, 1846, p. 8vo. 26. Campaigns of the Brit. Army 
 at Washington and N. Orleans, 1814-15, 1847, p. 8vo. 
 
 27. Story of the Battle of Waterloo, 1847, p. 8vo. The 
 reader should also peruse the Story of the Peninsular War. 
 
 28. Life of Lord Clive, 1848, 12mo. 29. School Series, 
 1850, Ac., in 18 vols. This series, composed of works by 
 Mr. Gleig and other writers, comprises many valuable 
 contributions to the interests of education. It is still 
 (1854) in course of publication by Longman. 30. Leipsic 
 Campaign, 1852, 12mo. It is unnecessary, after such a 
 long catalogue of works, following each other in rapid 
 succession, to say that Mr. Gleig is a very popular writer. 
 Without entering into any detailed examination of his 
 merits or demerits, we cannot avoid entering a protest 
 against his zealous advocacy of one of the most unscru 
 pulous, cruel, and remorseless wretches who ever disgraced 
 humanity in general, and the British name in particular 
 Warren Hastings. Mr. Gleig's Life of Hastings forms a 
 proper companion to Abbott's Life of Napoleon. We can 
 say nothing more condemnatory of both. To prove that 
 we " do well to be angry" with the Chaplain-General's re 
 markable production, entitled The Memoirs of Warren 
 Hastings, we shall fortify our position by a brief extract 
 from an eminent critic, who adds to his multifarious eru 
 dition an intimate acquaintance with East India Affairs : 
 
 "This book seems to have been manufactured in pursuance of a 
 contract, by which the representatives of Warren Hastings, on the 
 one part, bound themselves to furnish papers, and Mr. Gleig, on 
 the other part, bound himself to furnish praise. It is but just to 
 say that the covenants on both sides have been most faithfully 
 kept ; and the result is before us in the form of three big bad vo 
 lumes, full of undigested correspondence and undiscerning pane 
 gyric. If it were worth while to examine this performance in 
 detail, we could easily make a long article, by merely pointing out 
 inaccurate statements, inelegant expressions, and immoral doc 
 trines. But it would be idle to waste criticism on a bookmaker ; 
 and, whatever credit Mr. Gleig may have justly earned by former 
 works, it is as a bookmaker, and nothing more, that he now comes 
 before us. More eminent men than Mr. Gleig have written nearly 
 as ill as he, when they have stooped to similar drudgery. It would 
 be unjust to estimate Goldsmith by the History of Greece, or Scotl 
 by the Life of Napoleon. Mr. Gleig is neither a Goldsmith nor a 
 Scott; but it would be unjust to deny that he is capable of some 
 thing better than these memoirs. It would also, we hope and 
 believe, be unjust to charge any Christian minister with the guilt 
 of deliberately maintaining some propositions which we find in 
 this work. It is not too much to Bay, that Mr. Gleig has written 
 several passages, which bear the same relation to the Prince of 
 Machiavelli that the Prince of Maehiavelli bears to the Whole Duty 
 of Man, and which would excite amazement in a den of robbers 
 or on board of a schooner of pirates. But we are willing to attribute 
 these offences to haste, to thoughtlessness, and to that disease of 
 the understanding which may be called the Furor Biographicus 
 and which is to writers of lives what the goitre is to an Alpine 
 shepherd, or dirt-eating to a Negro slave." T. B. MACA.ULAY: Win 
 Rev., Oct. 1841 ; and in his Miscellanies, under the title of Warren 
 
 We have already referred to Mr. Gleig's Memoir in ou 
 
 GLI 
 
 article on EDMUND BURKE, pp. 292, 293, and perhaps in 
 ther parts of this volume. Mr. Gleig's sermons have been 
 -ighly commended. Essays, Biographical, Historical, and 
 Miscellaneous, contributed chiefly to the Edinburgh and 
 Quarterly Reviews, 1858, 2 vols. cr. 8vo. A notice of Mr. 
 Gr., with a portrait, will be found in Eraser's Magazine, x. 
 82. 
 
 Glemham, Charles. Prayers, Lon., 1569, 8vo. 
 
 Glen, A. Assize Serm., 1781, 8vo. 
 
 Glen, John, Minister of the Chapel in Portobello. A 
 Treatise on the Sabbath, Edin., 1822, 12mo. 
 
 A very excellent work on a most important subject." Chris. 
 Recorder. 
 
 " This is a history of the institution of the Sabbath, and of the 
 hange as to the time of its being kept. It is written with becom- 
 ng earnestness, and in its historical account is sufficiently inte- 
 esting." Lon. New Monthly Magazine, No. 18. 
 
 Glen, John King. Poems, Lon., 1752, 8vo. 
 
 Glen, Wm. Treat, on the Bills of Exchange, Pro 
 missory Notes, and Letters of Credit in Scotland, Edin., 
 807, 8vo ; 2d ed., 1824. 
 
 " The references in the first edition are almost wholly to Scotch 
 decisions, but in this to both Scotch and English." MARVIN. 
 
 Glen, Wm. C. Legal publications, Lon., 1846-58. 
 
 Glenbervie, Lord. See DOUGLAS, SYLVESTER. 
 
 Glencairn, Isabella. A Representation of the Case 
 >f the Countess of Glencairn, 1812. 
 
 Glenie, James, 1750-1817, a Scotch mathematician, 
 and a lieut. in the artillery, paid much attention to forti- 
 ications, and pub. The Hist, of Gunnery, Edin., 1776, and 
 a number of rnathemat. and other works. He also con- 
 ,ributed mathemat. <fcc. papers to Phil. Trans., 1776, '77, 
 md to Trans. Soc., Edin., 1796, 1812, '15. 
 
 Glenorchy, Willielma, Viscountess, 1741-1786. 
 3er Life, with extracts from her Diary and Corresp., by 
 T. S. Jones, D.D., minister of her chapel, Edinburgh, Edin., 
 1822, 8vo. 
 
 Glenton, Fred. Widows, &c. of Medical Men, 1792. 
 
 Gliddon, George R., d. at Panama, Nov. 16, 1857, 
 aged 50, U. S. Consul for Cairo, in Egypt, and twenty-three 
 years a resident of the Valley of the Nile, was a son of the 
 ate John Gliddon, U. S. Consul for Egypt. 1. Ancient 
 Egypt : her Monuments, Hieroglyphics, History, and Ar 
 chaeology, and other Subjects connected with Hieroglyphic 
 Literature ; 12th ed., Lon. and Phila., 1850, 4to ; new ed., 
 Lon., 1853, imp. 8vo. This work has elicited commenda 
 tion from many quarters. 18,000 copies were circulated in 
 America in less than three years. Mr. Gliddon's Lectures 
 upon the subjects discussed in this work have been attended 
 9y large audiences in various parts of the United States. 
 A notice of Gliddon's Egypt, by Rev. A. B. Chapin, will be 
 found in the Amer. Bib. Rep., 2d S., x. 134. 2. Appeal to 
 the Antiquaries of Europe on the Destruction of the Mo 
 numents of Egypt, 1841, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr.Gliddon, in this cleverly-written publication, brings forward 
 matter of very great importance to all who admire antiquity, or 
 who are interested in history. He appeals to the Antiquaries of 
 Europe on behalf of the Monuments of Egypt. If they do not 
 step forward for the preservation of Egyptian Monuments, in a 
 very few years travellers may save themselves the trouble of a 
 journey beyond the precincts of the British and Continental Mu 
 seums. We heartily recommend his work to the public." Lon. 
 City Chronicle. 
 
 3. Discourses on Egyptian Archaeology, Lon., 8vo. 
 4. A Memoir on the Cotton of Egypt, 1841, 8vo. 
 
 "This Memoir was drawn up at the suggestion of the Hon. Levi 
 Woodbury, late Secretary to the Treasury of the United States, at 
 Cairo. Here are, in a very few pages, a complete treatise on the 
 History and Manufecture of Cotton in Egypt, and of the dreadful 
 system under which the wretched Fellah is compelled to produce 
 it. They who feel alarmed at the apparition of a blue-book, and 
 its crowded folio of details, will find a useful analysis, as well as 
 an original essay of great value, in Mr. Gliddon's Memoir." Lon. 
 Atlas. 
 
 5. Otia Egyptiaca, 1849, 8vo. Mr. Gliddon also trans. 
 Henry Venel's Chronos, and pub., Phila., 1854, 4to, in con 
 junction with J. C. Nott, M.D., of Mobile, The Types of 
 Mankind; or, Ethnological Researches, Ac., consisting in 
 part of inedited papers of Saml. George Morton, M.D., 
 and contributions from Prof. L. Agassiz, LL.D., W. Usher, 
 M.D., and Prof. H. S. Patterson, M.D. The remainder of 
 the work is by Dr. Nott and Mr. Gliddon. 
 
 "Whether this monument will turn out to be 'sere perennius,' 
 or whether it will crumble to pieces under the somewhat severe 
 weathering which it will most assuredly receive from European 
 Ethnologists, is more than we will venture to prophesy. In any 
 case, the Types of Mankind appears to us to be by far the most 
 elaborate efiicient brief which has yet been drawn up for the use 
 of those who plead on the side of the original diversity of human 
 
 races. Its writers are, at any rate, thorough-paced, and shrink 
 before none of the consequences of their own logic." Westminster 
 
 Review, July, 1854, 131-134. 
 A Notice of the Types of Mankind, by John Bachman, 
 
GLO 
 
 D.D., of Charleston, S. C., was pub. in that city, in 1854- 
 55; and the work has been reviewed in several other 
 quarters. 
 
 " It [Dr. Bachman's Notice] is in tone dignified, gentlemanly, 
 and at the same time excoriating. . . . The shallowness and posi 
 tive ignorance of Nott, and the empty pretence of Gliddon, are 
 shown up, and these men are left without much to boast of. 
 Agassiz does not, with his hasty and crude conclusions, figure to 
 much advantage, and we are sorry to say, that by an inevitable 
 necessity, the reputation of Morton is damaged. . . . Where are 
 the 'Types of Mankind' now? Sinking lower and lower. . . . The 
 Presbyterian Quarterly Review for September [1854] contains an 
 able and searching review of the ' Types of Mankind,' recently 
 ushered to the world by Messrs. Gliddon and Nott. It is at once 
 instructive and amusing to see these gentlemen under the dis- 
 secting-knife of a scholar, who not only exposes the malignity of 
 their shallow science, but their utter unfitness in point of scholar 
 ship to dabble in the original languages of the Scriptures. Mr. 
 Gliddon, especially, pretends to a critical acquaintance with the 
 Hebrew text, and his pretension might have passed current had 
 he not ventured on proofs of his critical acumen; but alas for 
 him ! he has written a book which has enabled his learned readers 
 to detect his miserable shallowness. . . . Our own estimate of the 
 ' Types of Mankind' has already been laid before our readers. A 
 further examination of the book has only tended to confirm our 
 first impressions. As a work of science it is worthless ; full of pre 
 tension, and yet full of ignorance and contradiction." LYMAN 
 COLEMAN, D.D. : Phila. Presbyterian. 
 
 ''It did not take long to satisfy ourselves that Mr. Gliddon's 
 exposition of Genesis xi., being a compilation without complete 
 ness, arrangement, or any philosophical method whatever, has no 
 claim to be regarded as a literary work It is not to our taste or 
 inclination to rest content with condemning Mr. Gliddon's lucu 
 brations in general terms. To express our sense of their character, 
 we can find no epithets which have not lost their force from his 
 profuse misapplication of them. Our duty requires us to enter 
 into particulars to refute his arguments, if such his assertions 
 may be called, from A to Z, as he is mistaken all through. It is 
 a humiliating task, to be sure, to refute a work, which, to every 
 Hebraist, carries its own refutation on the face of every page." 
 Boston Chris. Examiner. 
 
 Rt. Rev. Dr. Alonzo Potter, Bishop of the Episcopal 
 Church in the diocese of Pennsylvania, remarks, with re 
 ference to the flippant sneers which some controversialists 
 obtrude into discussions upon the truth of the Scriptures : 
 
 " We must confess, however, that we have never, in the whole 
 extent of our reading, met any thing which, in this respect, is so 
 offensive to good taste and to the first principles of Inductive 
 Philosophy, as the elaborate work recently given to the world 
 under the title of Types of Mankind. Written under the influ 
 ence of avowed prejudices against certain races of men, and de 
 scending to the use of caricature in order to bring them into dis 
 repute, it stops at hardly any thing which can cast reproach on 
 Scripture. No jests are too coarse, no revilings too bitter or con 
 temptuous, no special pleading too perverse. It is mournful to 
 find that such names as those of Morton and Agassiz are destined 
 to go down to posterity associated with such unseemly exhi 
 bitions of spite and intolerance. A cenotaph to Morton, one of 
 the calmest and most dignified philosophers that any age or 
 country has seen, should be stained by no scurrility, defamed by 
 no violence. It is an insult to his memory to suppose that he 
 could have desired his unpublished writings to be given to the 
 world, in close connection with an attack on the Bible the ma 
 levolence of which is only equalled by its impotence." Introduc 
 tion to Lectures on the Evidences of Christianity, delivered in Phila., 
 1853-54, Phila., 1855, 8vo. 
 
 See Historical Magazine, (New York,) Jan. 1858, 32. 
 
 Glingall, Richard Butler, Earl of, 1794-1858, 
 an Irish peer, author of the Irish Tutor, a Farce; The 
 Follies of Fashion, a Comedy ; and other dramatic works 
 of some merit. At one time, he wrote largely for the Age 
 and other Conservative London journals. 
 
 Glisson, Francis, M.D., 1597-1677, President of 
 the London College of Physicians, was in great repute for 
 professional learning. 1. Tractatus de Rachitide seu Morbo 
 Puerili Rickets Dicto, Ac., Lon., 1650, '60, 8vo. In Eng 
 lish, by Philip Armin, 1651, 8vo. By Culpepper, 16G8, 
 12mo. See BATE, GEORGE, M.D. 
 
 2. Anatomia Hepatis, Ac., 1654, 8vo ; Amst., 1659, 8vo ; 
 1669, fol.; Hague, 1681, 12mo; Genev., 1685. Also in 
 the Collec. of Mongeters. 3. De Naturae Substantia Ener- 
 getica, Ac., Lon., 1672, 4to. 4. Tractatus de Ventriculo 
 et Intestinis, Ac., 1676, 4to ; Amst., 1677, 12mo ; Genev., 
 1685, fol. ; Lugd. Bat., 1691, 12mo. Opera Medica Ana- 
 tomica, 1691, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 "This worthy doctor, to whose learned lucubrations and deep dis 
 quisitions in physic not only Great Britain, but remoter kingdoms, 
 owe a particular respect and veneration." Wood's Fasti Oxon. 
 
 See Aikin's Biog. Mem. of Med.; Birch's Hist. Roy. Soc. 
 
 Glisson, Wm., and Gulston, Ant. The Common 
 Law Epitomized, Ac., Lon., 1679, 8vo. 
 
 " This was formerly called common law epitomized, Ac., without 
 a name, 1661, and it was first entitled Survey of the Law, &c., 
 1659 [8vo]." Clarke's Bibl. Leg. 
 
 Glossy, Saml., M.D. Diseases, Lon., 1763, 8vo. 
 
 Gloster, Arch., M.D., of St. John's, Antigua. Cure 
 of Tetanus and Lock Jaw, by amazing quantities of Opium. 
 Trans. Amer. Soc., i. 379. 
 
 Gloucester, Robert of. See ROBERT OP GLOU 
 CESTER. 
 
 Glover. Tracts on Trade, Lon., 1774, '75, 8vo. 
 
 Glover, Mrs^ Caroline H., a daughter of Rev. Dr. 
 Saml. and Mrs. Caroline Gilman, was born in Charleston, 
 1823; married in 1840. She was left a widow in 1846, 
 and has since that period resided with her parents. She 
 is known as the author of many contributions to periodi 
 cals, consisting of juvenile literature, Ac., under the signa 
 ture of Caroline Howard, Vernon Grove, N. York, 1858. 
 
 Glover, Fred. Serm., Lon., 1841, 8vo. 
 
 Glover, Henry. Serms., 1663, '64, 4to. 
 
 Glover, Phillips. Theolog. Lett, to Rev. Dr. Water- 
 land, 1734, 8vo. 
 
 Glover, Richard, 1712-1785, a native of London, 
 and a merchant of that city, was one of the best Greek 
 scholars and most famous poets of his day. He was edu 
 cated at the school of Cheam, in Surrey, and whilst there 
 wrote, in his 16th year, his poem to the memory of Sir 
 Isaac Newton, appended by Dr. Henry Pemberton, in 
 1728, to his View of Newton's Philosophy. In 1760 
 Glover became a member of Parliament, and for many 
 years enjoyed considerable political influence. 1. Leoni- 
 das; a Poein, Lon., 1737, 4to ; 1738, 8vo. It passed 
 through 4 eds. in 1737-38. 5th ed., extended from 9 to 12 
 books, 1770, 2 vols. 12mo. With plates, 1798, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 New ed., 24mo. This poem now almost entirely neg 
 lected which celebrates the defence of Thermopylae, was 
 enthusiastically applauded, both for its poetry and politics : 
 
 "The whole plan and purpose of it being to show the superi 
 ority of freedom over slavery; and how much virtue, public spirit, 
 and the love of liberty are preferable, both in their nature and 
 effects, to riches, luxury, and the insolence of power." LORD 
 LYTTELTON : in Common Sense. 
 
 2. London, or the Progress of Commerce ; a Poem, Lon., 
 1739, 4to. 3. Hosier's Ghost, 1739. This poem, written 
 to excite the nation against the Spaniards, became very 
 popular. It was composed whilst Glover was a visitor at 
 Stowe; and there is an amusing anecdote connected with 
 its composition, in which Lady Temple's tulips bear a 
 prominent part. 4. Application to Parl. rel. to Trade, 
 1751, 8vo. 5. Boadicea; a Tragedy, 1758, 8vo. This 
 piece was performed for nine nights, but seems to have 
 disappointed Glover's friends. 6. Medea: a Tragedy, 
 1761, 4to. 
 
 " Written on the Greek model, and therefore unfit for the mo 
 dern stage." 
 
 7. Jason; a Tragedy, 1799, 8vo. Never acted, and, the 
 Biog. Dramat. says, never pub. 
 
 "As it required scenery of the most expensive kind, it never 
 was exhibited." Biog. Dramat. 
 
 8. The Atheniad; a Poem, 1787, 3 vols. 12mo. This is 
 a continuation of Leonidas. 
 
 " The Atheniad ought always to accompany the Leonidas. Mr. 
 Chalmers censures it, because, he says, the events of history are 
 so closely followed as to give the whole the air of a poetical chro 
 nicle. To this opinion we may oppose the fact of having ourselves 
 repeatedly perused it in early youth, for the interest which the 
 story continually excited. Glover endeavoured to imitate tha 
 ancients, but wanted strength to support the severe style which 
 he had chosen. He has, however, many and great merits; this 
 especially among others, that instead of treading in the sheep- 
 track wherein the writers of modern epics, till his time, servum 
 pecus, had gone one after the other, he framed the stories of both 
 his poems according to their subject, without reference to any 
 model, or any rule but that of propriety and good sense." Lon 
 Quar. Rev., xi. 498, 499. 
 
 " His Leonidas acquired extraordinary popularity in its day, and 
 appears, like the pseudo-Ossian, to have obtained a higher, or, at 
 least, a more lasting, reputation on the continent, than in its own 
 country; where, however, it still retains its rank as an English 
 classic. . . . The Atheniad was intended as a sequel to Leonidas, and 
 embraces the remainder of the Persian war, from the death of 
 Leonidas to the battle of Platea. It was the work of the author's 
 old aje, and its defects are, in part, attributable to the circum 
 stance of its not having received his finishing hand. In this 
 latter performance, accordingly, the abilities of the author shew 
 themselves more matured, and his peculiar properties more fully 
 developed." ion. JKetrosp. Rev., ii. 105-133, 1820. 
 
 In 1813, 8vo, was pub., from a Diary or part of a Diary, 
 written by Glover, Memoirs of a distinguished Lit. and 
 Polit. Character, from 1742-57, Ac.; and in 1815 appeared 
 an Inquiry, Ac. rel. to these Memoirs, designed to prove 
 that Glover was the author of the Letters of Junius. To 
 these publications we shall refer in our article on JUNIUS. 
 
 A writer in the Edin. Rev. remarks : 
 
 "The sole value of the Memoirs of this vulgar, bustling, self- 
 important politician, consists in the particulars he has given of 
 some private deliberations of opposition to which he was admitted." 
 
 But see this same periodical, xxii. 475-484. 
 
 " A portion of this history has lately been made public, and it is 
 as interesting as any thing can be which relates to the politics of 
 
 such unimportant times We should rejoice if this inquiry 
 
 [see ante] should bring forth more of his remains, and lead to a 
 
 679 
 
GLO 
 
 collected edition of the -works of an author who, though too highly 
 extolled in his own day, must ever hold a respectable rank among 
 the English poets." Lon. Quar. Rev., xi. 498, 499. 
 
 See Johnson and Chalmers's Eng. Pdets, 1810; Chal 
 mers's Biog. Diet. ; art in Lon. Gent. Mag., by Dr. Brock- 
 
 7 Robert, 1543-1588, a native of Ashford, 
 
 Kent, was first made Portcullis Pursuivant, and in 1571 
 Somerset Herald. 1. De Nobilitate politica vel civili. 
 ^ub. by his nephew, Thos. Milles, Lon., 1608, fol. 2. A 
 Catalogue of Honour, 1610, fol. This refers to the Eng 
 lish nobility. It was also pub. by T. Milles. 
 
 " Being the first work in that kind, he therein traced untrodden 
 paths; and therefore no wonder if such who since succeeded him 
 in that subject have found a nearer way, and exceed him in accu- 
 rateness therein." Putter's Worthies of Kent. 
 
 Edmondson's Complete Body of Heraldry (vol. i.) con 
 tains Glover's Ordinary of Arms, augmented and improved. 
 He wrote an answer, never pub., to the Bishop of Ross's 
 book, asserting Mary Queen of Scots' claim to the crown, 
 assisted Camden in his pedigrees for the Britannia, and 
 engaged in other literary labours. See Noble's Coll. of 
 Arms; Gent. Mag., Ixiii. 311; Fuller's Worthies. 
 
 Glover, Thomas, Surgeon. Acct. of Virginia; Phil. 
 Trans., 1676. Mr. G. gives an account of "a most prodi 
 gious creature," half fish and half man, which appeared 
 to him in the water of the Rappahannock. Whether this 
 occurred before or after dinner, we are unable to state. 
 
 Glover, Serjt. W. Practical Treat, on the Law of 
 Municipal Corporations, Lon., 1841, 8vo. This treatise is 
 preceded by a Historical Summary of the ancient and mo 
 dern Corporate System, Ac. 
 
 Glover, Wm. Serm. on James iv. 1. 
 Glyn, Thomas ., and Robert S. Jameson. Rep. 
 Cases in Bankruptcy,1820-28, Lon., 1824-28, 12 vols. r. 8vo. 
 Glynn, John. Proceedings on the King's Commission 
 of the Peace, Ac., Lon., 1775, 4to. 
 
 Glynn, Robert, M.D., d. 1800, a native of Cambridge, 
 Fellow of Queen's Coll. The Day of Judgment, a Poetical 
 Essay, Lon., 1757, 4to. This obtained the Seatonian prize 
 in 1757. 
 
 "Tho' the Author, in, his Exordium, modestly disclaims any 
 poetical power, many parts of the sequel, and, indeed, the poem 
 taken altogether, will dispose his Readers to dissent agreeably 
 from his self-diffidence." Lon. Month. Rev., Nov. 1757. 
 
 Goad, Christopher, Fellow of King's Coll., Camb. 
 Refreshing Drops and Scorching Vials, Lon., 1653, 4to. 
 New ed., 1827, 12mo. 
 
 " When on his Sermons we but cast our eye 
 And in so plain a dress such beauty spy, 
 A native splendour, which not tinctured is 
 With skill or art, we can experience this : 
 That treasures in an earthen vessel lie, 
 And we a burning, shining light descry 
 In camel's hair attired." 
 
 Goad, John, 1615-1689, an eminent classical teacher 
 and divine, a native of London, Vicar of St. Giles, Oxf., 
 1643 ; of Yarnton, 1646 ; head-master of Merchant Taylors' 
 flchool for nearly twenty years. 1. Serm., 1663, 4to. 
 2. Serm., 1664, 4to. 3. Genealogicon Latinum, 2d ed., 
 1676, 8vo. 4. Astro-Meteorologia, 1686, fol. Founded 
 on thirty years' experience. 5. Auto-didactica, 1690, 8vo. 
 6. Astro-Meteorologia sana, 1690, 4 to. 
 " A learned and religious person." Atlien. Oxon. 
 " Goodness inspire me, while I write of one, 
 Who was all goodness ; But alas ! he's gone." 
 
 JAMES WRIGHT, ubi supra. 
 
 Goad, Thomas, D.D., d. 1638. God's Decrees, 1661 
 Goadby, Henry, M.D. A Text-Book of Vegetable 
 and Animal Physiology, N.Y., 1858, 8vo. See N. Amer. 
 Rev., Oct. 1858, (by A. P. Peabody, D.D.) 
 
 Goadby, J. Observ. on the Art of War, 1809. 
 Goadby, Robert, d. 1778, a printer of Sherborne, 
 Dorsetshire, was author of The Universe Displayed, The 
 Life of Bamfylde Moore Carew, The King of the Beggars, 
 Ac., and edited An Illustration of the Holy Scriptures, by 
 Notes and Explications, Ac., Sherborne, 1759-64, 3 vols 
 fol. ; frequently reprinted. 10th ed. of the N. Test., *. a. 
 ed circa 1800, fol. 
 
 It contains many judicious notes ; . . . but, while it seems to be 
 orthodox, is written entirely on the Arian hypothesis." DR. A 
 LARKE. 
 
 " The false and erroneous interpretations contained in this work 
 
 were forcibly and ably exposed by the Rev. Walter Sellon, in his 
 
 Kemarks upon certain passages in a work entitled an Illustration 
 
 of the Holy Scriptures, London, 1765, 12mo." Home's Bibl Bib 
 
 Gobat, Rt. Rev. Samuel, D.D., Bishop of the 
 
 Church of England in Jerusalem. Jour, of a Three Years 
 
 Residence in Abyssinia; with a brief Hist, of the Ch. in 
 
 Abyss., by the Rev. Saml. Lee, D.D., 2d ed., Lon., 1847, 8vo 
 
 God, John. A Discourse of the great Crueltie of a 
 
 Widow, Ac., set forth in English Verse, 16mo. 
 
 GOD 
 
 Godbold, N. Consumption, 1784, '87, 8vo. 
 Godbolt, John, Justice. Rep. Cases in the Cts. of 
 Record, 1575-1638. Ed. by Wm. Hughes, Lon., 1652, 4to. 
 Godbolt, Goldsborough, and March, mean reporters, but not to 
 )e rejected." North's Stu. Law, 24. 
 
 Goddam, or Voddam, Adam, an Englishman, 
 super iv. libros Sententiarum, Par., ap. J. Barbier, 1512, fol. 
 Goddard, Austin Parke, Knight of the Military 
 Order of St. Stephen. The Hist, of Italy, 1490-1532. In 
 20 books. From the Italian of Guicciardini, Lon., 1755- 
 10 vols. 8vo. See FENTON, SIR GEOFFREY. For an 
 account of the edits, of Guicciardini's Hist, of Italy, see 
 Disraeli's Curiosities of Lit. ; Roscoe's Leo the Tenth; 
 Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Brunct's Man., Ac. This is supposed 
 o be one of the works studied by Shakspeare. Guicciar 
 dini is high authority : 
 
 "The historical writings of Guicciardini have not only entitled 
 ;heir author to the indisputable precedence of all the historians of 
 [taly, but have placed him at least on a level with those of any 
 age or of any country." Roscoe's Life of Leo the Tenth. 
 
 "We have finished the twentieth and last book of Guicciardini's 
 history ; the most authentick I believe (may I add, I fear) that 
 ever was composed. I believe it, because the historian was an 
 actor in his terrible drama, and personally knew the principal per 
 formers in it; and I fear it, because it exhibits the woful picture of 
 society in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries." SIR WM. JONES. 
 This work is unquestionably, in respect to the importance and 
 authenticity of its matter, the most valuable part of the annals 
 of Italy that has ever been written." MILLS. 
 
 I should not scruple to prefer Guicciardini to Thucydides in 
 every respect." LORD BOLINGBROKE. 
 
 "This historian represents man in his darkest colours. Their 
 drama is terrific. The actors are monsters of perfidy, of inhu 
 manity, and inventors of crimes which seem to want a name. 
 They were all princes of darkness, and that age seemed to afford a 
 triumph to Manicheism. The worst passions were called in by all 
 parties." DISRAELI. 
 
 " The predominating love of narrative, more especially when the 
 exploits of a favourite nation were the subject, rendered this book 
 very popular ; and it came recommended to the public by a title- 
 page which promised almost the entertainment of a romance." 
 WARTON. 
 
 Goddard, Charles, D.D., Archdeacon and Preb. of 
 Lincoln. 1. Serm., Lon., 1822, 8vo. 2. Eight Serms. at 
 Bampton Lect., 1823, Oxf., 1824, 8vo. 3. Serms. and 
 Charges, 1838, sm. 4to. 
 
 Goddard, James. Case between the Managers of 
 the Royal Family Privateers, Ac., Lon., 1756. 
 
 Goddard, Jonathan, M.D., 1617-1674, a physician, 
 chemist, botanist, and promoter of the Royal Society. 
 1. Observ. cone, a Tree, Lon., 1664, fol. 2. The Fruit 
 Trees' Secrets, 1664, 4to. 3. Discourse on Physic, 1669, 
 '70, '78, 4to. 4. Chemical, Ac. con. to Phil. Trans., 1676. 
 His recipes, Arcana Goddardiana, were pub. at the end of 
 the Pharmacopoeia Bateana, 1691. His memory was long 
 preserved among doctors and patients by the Goddard 
 Drops. Bishop Ward says that Goddard was the first 
 Englishman who made the telescope. The following note 
 will please the bibliomaniac : 
 
 " He was master of a most curious library of books, well and 
 richly bound." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 See Biog. Brit.; Ward's Gresham Prof.; Birch's Hist, 
 of the Roy. Soc. 
 
 Goddard, Paul B., M.D., an eminent physician of 
 Philadelphia, b. Jan. 26, 1811, in Baltimore. 1. On the 
 Arteries, 12 plates, Phila., 4to. 2. On the Nerves, 12 plates, 
 4to. 3. The Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology of the 
 Human Teeth, with the most approved Methods of Treat 
 ment. Aided in the practical part by Joseph E. Parker, 
 Dentist; 30 plates, 1844, 4to; 1849; N. York, 1854, 4to. 4. 
 A System of Human Anatomy, General and Special, by 
 Erasmus Wilson, M.D. Edited by P. B. G. 4th Amer. 
 from the last Lon. ed., 8vo; nearly 600 pp., with 250 illust, 
 5. The Dissector; or, Prac. and Surg. Anatomy, by Eras 
 mus Wilson, M.D. Modified and rearranged by P. B. G.; 
 2d ed., improved, large 12mo, pp. 440, with over 100 wood 
 cuts. 6. Practical Treatise on Midwifery, by F. J. Moreau. 
 Ed. by P. B. G.; 80 plates, Phila., 1844, 8vo. 7. Illustra 
 tions of Syphilitic Disease, by Philip Ricord, 50 plates. Ed. 
 by P. B. G., 1851, 8vo. 8. The Iconographic portion of 
 Rayer on the Skin, 1845. 9. Ashwell on Diseases of Fe 
 males. Ed. by P. B. G., 1850, 8vo. 
 
 Goddard, Peter Stephen, D.D., d. 1781, Preb. of 
 Peterborough, and of St. Paul's; Fellow of Clare Hall, 
 Camb., 1727; Master, 1762. His popularity as a preacher 
 was so great that he was known as " The Young Tillotson." 
 1. Serm., 1746, 8vo. 2. Serm., 1759, 8vo. 3. Serm., 1759. 
 4. Serm., 1759. 5. Serm., 1769, 4to. 6. Serms., 1781, 8vo. 
 Goddard, Philip, of Beneham. Serm., 1714, 8vo. 
 Goddard, Thomas. Miscellanea, Lon., 1661, 4to. 
 Goddard, Thomas. Plato's Demon, Lon., 1684, 
 8vo. This is an answer to Plato's Redivivus. 
 
GOD 
 
 GOD 
 
 Goddard, Thomas, Canon of Windsor. 1-4. Occas. 
 Serms., 1703-10. 5. Six Serins., 1715. 6, 7. Letters, 
 1710, <fcc. 
 
 Goddard, Thomas, Rector of Swell, Somersetshire. 
 Reformation of the Liturgy; a Serin, on Jno. xvii. 3, 1772, 
 8vo. 
 
 Goddard, Wm. 1. A Neaste of Waspes, Dort, 1615, 
 4to. 2. Dogs from the Antipodes, in 41 Satyrs, 4to. 3. A 
 Mastif- Whelp. This consists of 126 Satyrs. Boswell, 975, 
 9 9s. 4. A Satyricall Dialogue; or, a sharplye inuectiue 
 Conference betweene Alexander the great and that trulye 
 Woman-hater Diogynes. Imprinted in the Lowe Countryes 
 for all such Gentlewomen as are not altogether idle nor yet 
 well occupyed, 4to. In this work the ungallant author has 
 the temerity to attack the gentler sex. It is not unlikely 
 that he was a captious old bachelor, who deserved to re 
 main so. 
 
 Goddard, Wm., d. 1817, at Providence, R. I., in his 
 78tb year, was connected with the newspaper press in 
 various parts of the United States. In 1762 he commenced 
 the Providence, R. Island, Gazette; in 1767 he established 
 the Pennsylvania Chronicle, Phila. ; in 1773 he commenced 
 the Maryland Journal at Baltimore, which he relinquished 
 in 1792, and subsequently resided in Rhode Island. He was 
 at one time connected with the publication of Parker's 
 Journal in New York. An interesting account of Goddard 
 will be found in Thomas's Hist, of Printing. His claim to 
 a place in our volume is founded on the fact of his having 
 pub. a Hist, of the Penn. Chronicle, 1770. He married a 
 Miss Angell, of Providence, and the name of the lady sug 
 gested to a friend of the groom the bnn mot that Goddard 
 had "taken an angel for his wife." It would appear, 
 therefore, that wit is not entirely a recent invention. 
 Whether Mr. Goddard's facetious friend deserved the com 
 mendation of Barrow 
 
 " It seemeth to argue a rare quickness of parts, that one can 
 fetch in remote conceits applicable; a notable skill, that he can 
 dexterously accommodate them to the purpose before him" 
 we shall not stop to inquire. 
 
 Goddard, Wm. Giles, d. at Providence, R. I., 1846, 
 aged 52, son of the preceding, was in 1825 appointed Prof, 
 of Moral Philos. and Metaphysics in Brown University; 
 the title of the Professorship was in 1834 changed to that 
 of Belles-Lettres. Prof. G. resigned his post, in consequence 
 of ill health, in 1842. He pub. an Address before the Phi 
 Beta Kappa Society of Brown University, on The Value 
 of Liberal Studies; a Sketch of the first president, Man 
 ning; an Address on the death of Win. Henry Harrison, 
 Pres. U. States; and a Discourse on the Change of the 
 Civil Govt. of R. Island in 1843. From 1814 to 1825 he 
 was proprietor and editor of The Rhode Island American, 
 a paper pub. at Providence. 
 
 Goddard, Wm. Stanley, D.D., 1757-1845, Rector 
 of Repton, Derby. 1. Serm. on the Visit, of the Bishop, 
 Winches., 1811, 8vo. 2. Serm. at the Consec. of Bp. How- 
 ley, Lon., 1814, 4to. 
 
 Godden, Thos., D.D., Preb.-in-Ordinary to her Ma 
 jesty. 1. Serms., 1686. 2. Serms., 1686, 4to. See Cath. 
 Serms., 1741. 
 
 Godet, Gylles. Genealogie of the Kinges of England, 
 1560-62, fol. Kings from Brute to Elizabeth. 
 
 ' Of this very rare and curious book no other copy is known, 
 but that at Althorp." Bibl. Grenvitt., q. v. 
 
 See also Herbert's Ames, 1314, and Dibdin's ^des Al- 
 thorpianse, i. 180-184. 
 
 Godfrey of Winchester, d. 1107, prior of St. 
 Swithin's at Winchester, was the author of a number of 
 Epistles, epigrams, verses, <fcc. The two last-named, all 
 that are known to exist, are preserved in a MS. in the Cot- 
 tonian Library, and in two MSS. in the Bodleian Library. 
 See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., and authorities there cited. 
 
 " Godfrey of Winchester was the first and best of the Anglo- 
 Norman writers of Latin verse ; in such of his works as are now 
 extant, he rises more successfully than any other poet of his own 
 or the succeeding age above the barbarisms of medieval style, and 
 in some of his epigrams he approaches nearly to the purity of 
 Martial, who was his model." Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Godfrey, Amb. and John. Elements of Water, 
 Lon., 1747, 4to. 
 
 Godfrey, Boyly. 1. Fires, 1724. 2. Experiments, 
 1757. 
 
 Godfrey, C. B. Treat, on V. Disease, 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Godfrey, Capt. John. Back-sword, 1747, 4to. 
 
 Godfrey, Michael, d. 1 695. A Short Account of the 
 intended Bank of England, Lon., 1694, 4to. 
 
 "This tract was written by Michael Godfrey, Esq., first Deputy- 
 Governor of the Bank, and one of the most active coadjutors of 
 Paterson in its formation." McCuUoch's Lit. of Polit. Earn. 
 
 An interesting account of the manner in which Godfrey 
 
 came to his death at the siege of Namur, in 1695, whilst 
 on an official visit to King William will be found in T. B. 
 Macaulay's Hist, of England, vol. iv., just pub. The un 
 fortunate Deputy-Governor was a brother of Sir Edmonds- 
 bury Godfrey, 
 
 " Whose sad mysterious death had, fifteen years before, produced 
 a terrible outbreak of popular feeling. Michael was one of the 
 ablest, most upright, and most opulent of the merchant princes 
 of London. He was, as might have been expected from his near 
 connection with the martyr of the Protestant faith, a zealous Whig. 
 Some of his writings are still extant, and prove him to have had a 
 strong and clear mind." MACAULAY, ubi supra. 
 
 Godfrey, Robert. Physic, Lon., 1673, '74, 8vo. 
 
 Godfrey, Robert. Serm. on Acts ii. 47. 
 
 Godfrey, Samuel. Bills of Exchange, 1791, 8vo. 
 
 Godfrey, Thomas. A Rich Storehouse; or, Trea 
 sury for the Sicke full of Christian Counsailes and Godly 
 Meditation, 1758, 8vo. 
 
 Godfrey, Thomas, 1736-1763, a son of the inventor 
 of "Hadley's Quadrant," was a native of Philadelphia, 
 where for some time he was apprentice to a watchmaker. 
 In 1758 he was made lieutenant in the Pennsylvania troops 
 raised for the expedition against Fort Du Quesne. He was 
 subsequently employed as a factor in North Carolina, and 
 also as a supercargo in a voyage to the island of New Pro 
 vidence. His tragedy of The Prince of Parthia, which 
 was offered to a company performing in Phila. in 1759, is 
 supposed to be the first dramatic work written in America. 
 The Court of Fancy, a Poem, Phila., 1763, 4to, was evi 
 dently written^ with an eye to Chaucer's House of Fame. 
 A vol. of his Poems many of which had already appeared 
 in the American Mag. was pub. by Godfrey's friend, N. 
 Evans, in 1767, 4to, pp. 224. 
 
 Godiiidus. 1. The Book of Knowledge of Things 
 Unknown, 8vo. 2. The same, with the Husbandman's 
 Practice and the Shepherd's Prognostication, 1688, 8vo. 
 
 " The prognostications of the weather from astrological observa 
 tions do not now attract any notice, and this book does not con 
 tain any practical matter." Donaldson's Agrimdt. Biog. 
 
 Godkin, James, formerly a R. Catholic. 1. Apos 
 tolic Christianity; or, Antidote against Romanism and 
 Puseyism, Lon., 1842, Svo. 2. Touchstone of Orthodoxy, 
 1842, 12mo. 3. Guide to the Church of Christ; 3d ed., 
 1846, Svo. 
 
 Godley, John Robert. Letters from Canada and 
 the United States, Lon., 1844, 2 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 "The production of a sensible and enlightened traveller, who is 
 evidently concerned to do justice to the people whom he describes, 
 and to furnish useful information." Lon. Eclectic Keo. 
 
 " For the impartiality which he everywhere exhibits, he deserves 
 all the credit that he claims. Here, then, is at least one English 
 book of which the Americans cannot reasonably complain." Lon. 
 Athenaeum. 
 
 "The farming or emigration prospects and practicabilities of 
 Canada are what most deeply interest English readers; and they 
 will find here a good deal of information that bears every mark of 
 being well considered and judicious." Jhifs Edin. Mag. 
 
 Godman, John D., 1794-1830, a native of Annapolis, 
 Maryland, was in his youth employed first as a printer, 
 and subsequently as a sailor in the navy. In 1815 he 
 commenced the study of medicine, and attained a high 
 rank in his profession, especially in the department of 
 anatomy. He was also distinguished for his knowledge 
 of natural history and the ancient and modern languages. 
 After receiving his medical degree, he practised for some 
 time in Philadelphia and other places, and in 1821 was 
 appointed Prof, of Anatomy in the Medical College of Cin 
 cinnati. In 1822 he removed to Phila., and four years 
 later accepted a call to the Professorship of Anatomy in 
 Rutgers Medical College, New York. Obliged by failing 
 health to embark on a voyage to the West Indies, where 
 he remained for a winter, he settled, on his return, at Ger- 
 mantown, Penna., where he died of consumption, April 
 17, 1830. 
 
 In addition to his work on American Natural History, 
 Dr. Godman's principal works are Anatomical Investi 
 gations ; American Natural History, commenced in 1823 
 and completed in 1828, pub. in 3 vols. Svo; Acct. of some 
 Irregularities of Structure and Morbid Anatomy ; Rambles 
 of a Naturalist; an edit, of Bell's Anatomy, with Notes j 
 Trans, of Levasseur's Acct. of La Fayette's Progress 
 through the United States. He pub. many Addresses, 
 delivered on various public occasions, contributed a 
 number of articles to the American Quarterly Review 
 and other periodicals, and wrote the articles in the Encyc. 
 Americana to end of the letter C. He established the 
 Western Quarterly Reporter, projected by Dr. Drake, and 
 for some time assisted in Dr. Chapman's Medical Journal, 
 pub. in Philadelphia. 
 
 For further particulars we must refer the reader to the 
 
 681 
 
GOD 
 
 Memoir of Dr. Godman, by Thos. Sewall, M.D., Prof, of 
 Anatomy and Physiology in the Columbian College, 
 Washington, D. C., 1830 ; and a Review, by Dr. Lindsley, 
 of this Memoir, in the N. Amer. Rev., xl. 87-99. Of God- 
 man's American Natural History the reviewer remarks : 
 
 " We do not intend to claim for this work very great merit. In 
 such an enterprise, not to have foiled is sufficient glory especially 
 when undertaken amidst such a multiplicity of other engage 
 ments. . . . But notwithstanding all the disadvantages under 
 which Dr. Godman laboured notwithstanding the paucity of ma 
 terials at his command from which to select, and the limited 
 
 edly superior to any previous publication on the same subject. 
 We consider Dr. Godman, in some respects, among the most extra 
 ordinary men that have adorned the medical profession of our 
 country." 
 
 Dr. Sewall's Memoir of Dr. Godman has been pub. as a 
 tract by the American Tract Society, and has also been 
 appended to the Amer. ed. of Newman Hall's Narrative 
 of the Closing Scenes of the Life of Dr. Wm. Gordon. 
 See GORDON, WM., M.D. Both gf these distinguished 
 physicians were zealous professors of the Christian faith, 
 and died rejoicing in its consolations. 
 
 Godman, Wm. Serm. on Eccles. x. 17, 1660, 4to. 
 Godolphin, John, 1617-1678, an eminent civilian, 
 a native of Godolphin, in the island of Scilly, was edu 
 cated at Gloucester Hall, Oxf.; was constituted Judge of 
 the Admiralty in 1653, and after the Restoration made 
 King's Advocate. 1. The Holy Limbec, 1650, fol. 2. The 
 Holy Harbour ; a Body of Divinity, 1651, fol. From these 
 treatises he is ranked among the Puritan writers. 3. Ad 
 miralty Jurisdiction, 1661, 8vo; 2d ed., with addits., 1685. 
 The same, under the title of Laws, Ordinances, <fec. of the 
 Admiralty, 1766-67, 2 vols. 8vo. See 3 Mason's Rep. 245. 
 4. The Orphan's Legacy; a Testamentary Abridgt., Lon., 
 1674, '77, '85, 1701, 4to. 5. Repertorium Canonicum; or, 
 An Abridgt. of the Eccles. Laws, 1678, '80, '87, 4to. 
 
 " Esteemed a learned man, and as well read in divinity as in 
 his own faculty, as may be seen in the books following of his 
 writing, [see Nos. 1 and 2.]" Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Godolphin, Sydney, 1610-1643, a poet, a native of 
 Cornwall, educated at Exeter Coll., Oxf., fought in the 
 King's army during the Rebellion, and was slain at Chag- 
 ford, Devonshire. He wrote several original poems, and 
 trans, the Lives of Dido and JEneas from Virgil, 1358, 8vo. 
 "I have known clearness of judgment and largeness of fancy, 
 strength of reason and graceful elocution; a courage for the war, 
 and a fear for the laws; and all eminently in one man ; and that 
 was my most noble and houour'd friend Mr. Sydn. Godolphin," &c. 
 Hobbes's Leviathan. 
 
 " Sydn. Godolphin, who deserved all elogy that he gives of 
 him," &c. EABL OF CLARENDON : Brief View and Survey of Hobbes's 
 Leviathan. 
 
 "Thou'rt dead, Godolphin, who lov'dst reason true, 
 
 Justice and peace ; soldier belov'd, adieu !" HOBBES. 
 See an interesting account of Godolphin in Athen. Oxon. 
 Godschall, Wm. M. Plan of Police, Lon., 1787, 8vo. 
 Godskall, James. Medicine, Lon., 1604, 8vo. 
 Godson, Richard, M.P. Law of Patents for Inven 
 tions and of Copyright, 2d ed., Lon., 1840, 8vo. Supp., 
 1844. New supp., by Peter Burke, 1851, 8vo. 
 
 " The author was the first English writer to publish a methodi 
 cal treatise upon this comparatively new department of the law. 
 He has given a general and accurate analysis of the Cases, and 
 presented the whole learning upon a subject no less difficult than 
 important, in a very attractive manner." Marvin's Leg. Bibl. 
 See Pref. Phil. Pat. 
 
 "A clear, comprehensive and useful work." McOidloch's Lit. of 
 Polit. Ec'm. 
 
 Godson, Robert. Astrologia Reformata; or, A Re 
 form, of the Prognostical part of Astrol., Lon.,1696, '97, 8vo. 
 Godwin, Edward. Serms., 1721-29, all 8vo. 
 Godwin, Francis, D.D., 1561-1633, a native of Hav- 
 ington, Northamptonshire, was a son of Thos. Godwin 
 Bishop of Bath and Wells. He was educated at Christ 
 Church, Oxf., and became Rector of Samford, Orcaius, 
 Preb. of Wilts, and Sub-dean of Exeter; Bishop of Llan 
 daff, 1601 ; trans, to Hereford, 1617. 1. Concio Lat. in 
 Luc. v. 3, 1601, 4to. 2. Cat. of the Bishops of England ; 
 from the first, with their lives and actions, Lon., 1601, 4to 
 With addits., 1615, 4to. In Latin, 1616, 4to, entitled De 
 Praesulibus Angliae Commentarius, <fcc. ; Appendix, <fec. 2 
 sheets in 4to, 1621-22. With a Contin. by Dr. Richard 
 son, 1743, fol. 
 
 " For the writing of which Q. Elizabeth immediately preferi^c 
 him to the bishoprick of Llandaff." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Wood refers to Godwin's first ed., 1601, 4to. See Athen 
 Oxon. for an account of the subsequent improvements, anc 
 for titles and particulars, of Godwin's other works. It is a 
 curious fact that the first ed. of his catalogue caused Queen 
 Elizabeth to give him the bishopric of Llandaff, and th 
 
 GOD 
 
 ast was rewarded by King Jaines with the bishopric of 
 Hereford. 3. Annales Rerum Anglicarum Henrico VIII., 
 Mward VI., et Maria Regnantibus, 1616, fol.; 1628, 4to. 
 Crans. by his son, Morgan Godwin, and pub. as Annals of 
 England, Ac., 1630, '76, fol. 4. Nuncius Inanimatus, (or 
 ;he Inanimate Messenger,) 1629, 8vo; 1657. Trans, by 
 Dr. Thos. Smith, and pub. with The Man in the Moon. 
 This is supposed to have given rise to Bp. Wilkins's Mer 
 cury, or Secret and Swift Messenger. Godwin hints at an 
 art by which messages may be conveyed many miles with 
 incredible swiftness. 5. Value of the Roman Sesterce, and 
 Attic Talent, 1630. 6. The Man in the Moon; or, a Dis 
 course of a Voyage thither by Domingo Gonzales, written 
 between 1599 and 1603, [see No. 4,] Perth, 1638, 8vo. 
 Several eds. 
 
 It was translated in French, and became the model of Cyrano 
 de Bergerac, as he was of Swift. Godwin himself had no prototype, 
 as far as I know, but Lucian. He resembles those writers in the 
 natural and veracious tone of his lies. The fiction is rather inge 
 nious and amusing throughout ; but the most remarkable part is 
 the happy conjectures, if we must say no more, of his philosophy. 
 Not only does the writer declare positively for the Copernican sys 
 tem, which was uncommon at that time, but he has surprisingly 
 understood the principle of gravitation, it being distinctly supposed 
 that the earth's attraction diminishes with the distance." Hat- 
 lam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 7. Life and Reign of Q. Mary of England. See Rennet's 
 Collections, vol. ii. 329, 1706. 
 
 " A person also he was so celebrated by many in his time, whether 
 at home or beyond the seas, that his memory cannot otherwise but 
 be precious in succeeding ages, for his indefatigable pains and travel 
 in collecting the succession of all the bishops of England and Wales, 
 since the first planting of the gospel among the Christians not pre- 
 termitting such of the British church, or any that have been re 
 membered by the care and diligence of preceding writers, or had 
 been kept in memory in any old monument or record." Athfn. 
 Oxon. 
 
 " The church of Llandaff was much beholding to him ; yea, the 
 whole church of England; yea, the whole church militant; yea, 
 many now in the church triumphant had had their memories 
 utterly lost on earth, if not preserved by his painful endeavours 
 in his Catalogue of English Bishops." Fuller's Worthies ofNortltr 
 amptonshire. 
 
 Godwin, George. Facts and Fancies; a Collection 
 of Tales and Sketches, Lon., 1844, p. 8vo. 
 
 " A pleasant volume of light reading. Those who are weary of 
 every-day facts and the conventional fictions of real life, may find 
 relief and amusement in the Facts and Fancies of Mr. Godwin." 
 Westminster Review, 
 Other works. 
 
 Godwin, Mary Wollstonecraft, 1759-1797, a na 
 tive of London or its vicinity, was the daughter of a person 
 who was alternately a tradesman and a farmer, without 
 much profit from either occupation. There seems to have 
 been an entire absence of all proper discipline in the house 
 hold of this vacillating individual, and to this fact is doubt 
 less to be imputed the beginning of many faults exhibited 
 in Mary's wayward career. After residing for some time 
 as a companion to a lady at Bath, in 1783, assisted by her 
 two sisters and a friend, she established a day-school at 
 Islington ; but in a few months removed her seminary to 
 Newington Green. 
 
 A trip to Lisbon interrupted her professional duties, and on 
 her return she abandoned the school, and accepted the situa 
 tion of a governess in the family of Lord Kingsborough, 
 where she remained until 1787. In 1786 she pub. Thoughts 
 on the Education of Daughters, which was followed by 
 Mary, a fiction; Original Stories from Real Life; the Fe 
 male Reader; trans, and abridgments of Salzman's Ele 
 ments of Morality, Lavater's Physiognomy, <fcc. ; and some 
 articles in the Analytical Review. In 1791 she acquired 
 considerable notoriety by the publication of her Answer 
 to Burke's Reflections on the French Revolution, and her 
 Vindication of the Rights of Women. She now mixed a 
 good deal in literary society, and, unaccustomed to restrain 
 any feeling which happened to be uppermost, cherished an 
 attachment for Fuseli, the artist, who was already married 
 and very properly discouraged the advances of his enthu 
 siastic admirer. Disgusted with the world, and perhaps 
 with herself, Miss Wollstonecraft left England, and in 1792 
 we find her in France, where she formed an alliance not 
 of the most irreproachable character with Mr. Imlay, an 
 American. She was now perfectly satisfied, or professed 
 to be so; but Mr. Imlay was not: he abandoned her to 
 loneliness, and in her despair she made two attempts upon 
 her own life. An acquaintance with Mr. William Godwin, 
 soon to be noticed in our work, restored her to her former 
 equanimity ; and this acquaintance in accordance with the 
 lady's ideas of the Rights of Women soon ripened into 
 relations of the most intimate character, but without the 
 usual formalities of legal sanction and priestly benediction. 
 After residing together for about six months, the two 
 
GOD 
 
 GOD 
 
 friends were united by marriage. Mrs. Godwin died in 
 September, 1797, leaving an infant daughter, who became 
 the wife of Percy Bysshe Shelley. 
 
 In addition to the works noticed above, Mrs. Godwin 
 pub. A Moral and Historical Relation of the French Revo 
 lution one vol. only appeared; Letters from Sweden, 
 Norway, and Denmark, 1796; Young Grandison; a trans, 
 of Necker on the Importance of Religious Opinions. After 
 her death Mr. Godwin pub. her Miscellanies, Letters, and 
 an unfinished novel, with a Life of the author, 1798, 4 vols. 
 12ino, and 1 vol. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Godwin wrote and published the Memoirs of Mary Woll- 
 stonecraft, a work disreputable to his name, as well as that of his 
 wife; she appears to have been grossly irreligious, indelicate, and 
 dissolute." ion. Gent. Mag., June, 1836. 
 
 Lawrence's Empire of the Nairs; or, the Rights of Wo 
 man; an Utopian Romance, 1813, 4 vols. 12mo, adopts the 
 anti-marriage theory of Mrs. Godwin. Such speculations 
 would provoke ridicule, were they not too mischievous to 
 be laughed at. 
 
 " No woman (with the exception of the greatest woman, Madame 
 de Stael) has made any impression on the public mind during the 
 last fifty years, to be compared with Mrs. Godwin. This was per 
 haps more especially true in the provinces, where her new and 
 startling doctrines were seized with avidity, and acted upon in 
 some particulars to considerable extent, particularly by married 
 women. . . . She was, I have been told by an intimate friend, very 
 pretty and feminine in manners and person; much attached to 
 those very observances she decries in her works ; so that if any 
 gentleman did not fly to open the door as she approached it, or 
 take up the handkerchief she dropped, she showered on him the 
 full weight of reproach and displeasure; an inconsistency she 
 would have doubtless despised in a disciple. I have heard the 
 late Miss Jewsbury express an intention of so remodelling the 
 Eights of Women, that it would not fail to become attractive, and 
 she thought useful." Communication in Mrs. ElwoocFs Literary 
 Ladies of Eng. 
 
 " He [Coleridge] asked me if I had ever seen Mary Wollstonecraft, 
 and I said, I had once for a few moments, and that she seemed to 
 me to turn off Godwin's objection to something she advanced with 
 quite a playful, easy air. He replied that ' this was only one in 
 stance of the ascendency which people of imagination exercised 
 over those of mere intellect.' He did not rate Godwin high, (this 
 was caprice, or prejudice real or affected,) but he had a great idea 
 of Mrs. Wollstonecraft's powers of conversation ; none at all of her 
 talent for book-making." HAZLITT: My First Acquaintance with 
 Poets. 
 
 Godwin, Morgan, d. 1645, Archdeacon of Shropshire, 
 a son of Francis Godwin, D.D., trans., as we have noticed, 
 his father's Annales. He was ejected by the Parliamentary 
 Commissioners, and his family reduced to distress. 
 
 Godwin, Morgan, son of the preceding, became a 
 minister of Virginia under the administration of Sir Wm. 
 Berkeley. 1. The Negroes' and Indians' Advocate suing 
 for their admission to the Church, Lon., 1680, 8vo. 
 2. Supplet., 1681, 8vo. 3. Serm. rel. to the Plantations; 
 on Jer. ii. 34, 1685, 4to. 
 
 Godwin, Parke, b. February 25, 1816, at Paterson, 
 New Jersey, is a son of General Godwin, an officer of the 
 war of 1812, and a grandson of a soldier of the American 
 Revolution. After graduating at Princeton College in 1834, 
 Mr. G. studied law and was admitted to practice, but found a 
 stronger charm in the cultivation of letters. From 1837 to 
 1853 he assisted his celebrated father-in-law, William C. 
 Bryant, in the editorial duties connected with the New York 
 Evening Post. In Feb. 1843, he commenced the publica 
 tion of a weekly periodical entitled The Pathfinder. The 
 title proved to be a misnomer, for, although admitted to be 
 admirably conducted, it failed to find the path to public 
 favour, and, after a brief existence of three months and 
 fifteen numbers, it expired. Mr. G. has pub. Goethe's Au 
 tobiography, trans, and edited ; Zschokke's Tales, trans. ; 
 a Popular View of the Doctrines of Fourier; Vala, a 
 Mythological Tale; Hand-Book of Universal Biography, 
 compiled from Maunder and other authorities ; pub. as one 
 of the vols. of Putnam's Home Cyclopaedia; Constructive 
 Democracy ; articles in the Democratic Review : on Shel 
 ley; Democracy; Edward Livingston; Jeremy Ben tham; 
 Goethe; Free Trade; William Leggett; Political Econo 
 my; Washington Irving; Downing's Landscape Garden 
 ing; Carlyle's Chartism; England and China; Journalism; 
 The Loggerheads; Bryant's Poems; American Poetry, <fcc.; 
 also articles in Putnam's Monthly Mag. : on American 
 Authors; The Works of American Statesmen; Our New 
 President; Parties and Politics; Annexation; What im 
 pression do we make abroad ? The Pacific Railroad ; The 
 Know Nothings ; How they manage in Europe ; Comte's 
 Philosophy; A Few Days in Vienna; From Venice to i 
 Vienna; A Day on the Danube; French Almanacs; A 
 Letter to John Bull ; The Eastern Question, <fec. ; and most 
 of the editorial notes. 
 
 Mr. Godwin has in preparation (we are glad to state) a 
 
 work on The History of France, to which he has devoted 
 many years, one on the Nineteenth Century, with its Lead 
 ing Men and Movements, and a book of Travels, to be en 
 titled A Winter Harvest, giving an account of interviews 
 with a number of French and English political reformers. 
 
 Godwin, Richard. Religious Zeal, Lon., 1780. 
 
 Godwin, Thomas, 1587-1643, a native of Somerset 
 shire, entered at Magdalen Hall, Oxf., 1602; chief master 
 of the Free School at Abingdon, 1609; became Rector of 
 Brightwell, Berkshire, and resigned his school. 1. Ro- 
 manae Historiae Anthologia; an Eng. Expos, of the Roman 
 Antiquities, Oxf., 1613, '23, '25, '33, 4to; Lon., 1658, '68, 
 '85; 16th ed., 1686, 4to; 1668, '86, 8vo. A valuable work 
 in its day. 2. Moses and Aaron, or the Civil and Eccle 
 siastical Rites used among the Ancient Hebrews observed 
 and at large opened for the clearing of many obscure Texts 
 throughout the whole Scripture, Lon., 1614, 4to ; Oxf., 
 1616, '22, '25, '28, 4to; Lon., 1655, '62, '68, '72; 12th ed., 
 1685, 4to ; in Latin, Ultraj., 1690, '98, 8vo; Franeker, 1710, 
 12moj Francf., 1716, 12mo; Lugd. Bat., 1723, '24, 8vo. 
 
 "It was also translated into Latin by Reiz, and published with 
 his notes in 1679. It was edited in 1694, by the celebrated Wit- 
 sius, who added two dissertations, one on the theocracy of Israel, 
 and another on the Rechabites. Hottinger published it with con 
 siderable additions and improvements in 1710. Carpzov's Appa 
 ratus of Hebrew Antiquities ['The most elaborate system of Jew 
 ish antiquities, perhaps, that is extant. Home's Bibl. Bib.'] is a 
 learned commentary on it ; and Jenning's work on Jewish Anti 
 quities is of the same nature. It is, on the whole, a valuable and 
 accurate work. There is often bound up with it a work on Roman 
 Antiquities, by the same writer, and another on Grecian Antiqui 
 ties, by Francis Rous, the four last chapters of which were written 
 by the learned Zachary Bogan. The whole form a useful and not 
 expensive body of antiquities." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Moses and Aaron is recommended by the celebrated 
 Witsius. 
 
 3. Synopsis Antiquitatum Hebraicarum, in iii. lib., Oxon., 
 1616, 4to. 4. Florilegium Phrasicon ; or, A Survey of the 
 Latin Tongue, for the use of his School. 5. Three Argu 
 ments to prove Election upon Foresight by Faith. This 
 occasioned a controversy with Dr. Wm. Twisse, of New- 
 bury, Berkshire, in which Godwin is thought to have been 
 confuted. 
 
 " The presbyterian writers [Geo. Kendal and Dr. Saml. Clarke] 
 say that tho' Dr. Godwin was a very learned man in the antiqui 
 ties of the Hebrews, Greeks, and Latins, yet he was fitter to in 
 struct Grammarians than deal with logicians, and had more 
 power as master of a school at Abingdon than as a doctor of divi 
 nity. They further add, also, that Twisse did, by his writings 
 and disputes, whip this old schoolmaster, and wrested that ferula 
 out of his hands which he had enough used with pride, and ex- 
 pos'd him to be derided by boys." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Godwin, Thomas. 1. Catholics no Idolaters ; against 
 Dr. Stillingfleet's charge of idolatry against the Ch. of 
 Rome, Lon., 1672, 8vo. 2. Discharge to Dr. Stillingfleet's 
 charge of Idolatry against the Ch.of Rome, Paris, 1677, 8vo. 
 
 Godwin, Timothy, Bishop of Kilmore and Ardagh. 
 1. Serms. on Ps. xcviii. 1. 2. Serms. on Ezek. xvii. 19, 
 1716, 4to. 3. Serms. on Heb. xiii. 16, 1724, 4to. 
 
 Godwin, William, 1756-1836, a native of Wise- 
 beach, Cambridgeshire, where his father was a dissenting 
 minister, was educated at the Dissenting College, Hoxton, 
 where he remained for above five years, under the tuition 
 of Doctors Rees and Kippis. In 1778 Godwin became 
 minister to a dissenting congregation near London, and 
 soon afterwards took charge of a meeting-house at Stow- 
 market, Suffolk. In 1782 he determined to relinquish the 
 ministry and seek a livelihood by the use of his pen, and 
 accordingly he removed to London as a permanent resi 
 dence. For the particulars of his social life, we must 
 refer the reader to the detailed account pub. in the Lon 
 don Gent. Mag. for June, 1836, shortly after his decease. 
 This account is principally derived from a sketch, bio- 
 
 fraphical and critical, prefixed to the novel of Caleb 
 Williams, pub. in Bentley's Standard Novels. We need 
 only remark, here, that in 1797 he became the husband 
 of a woman of notoriously bad character Mary Woll 
 stonecraft (see ante) with whom he had previously lived 
 on disreputable terms, and after her death was again 
 married. He was once principal conductor of the New 
 Annual Register, for a time a bookseller, frequently a 
 member of distinguished literary circles, and always a 
 lover of letters. His few last years were rendered inde 
 pendent by an appointment to the sinecure office of Yeo 
 man Usher of the Exchequer. He had considerable abili 
 ties, little judgment, and less wisdom ; and in his efforts 
 for reform lacked that foundation without which all such 
 attempts are hopeless a recognition of man's moral de 
 pravity, and the necessity of maintaining a constant sense 
 of strict accountability to his Maker. We proceed to 
 notice his publications : 
 
GOD 
 
 1. Sketches of History, in Six Serms., Lon., 1784, 12mo. 
 2. An Enquiry concerning Political Justice, and its Influ 
 ence on General Virtue and Happiness, 1793, 2 vols. 4to; 
 3d ed., 1797, 2 vols. 8vo. For this work he received 700. 
 It at once attracted the public attention, but has long 
 been neglected. 
 
 " No work in our time gave such a blow to the philosophical 
 mind of the country as the celebrated Enquiry concerning Politi 
 cal Justice. Tom Paine was considered for the time as a Tom tool 
 ;o him; Paley an old woman; Eduiund Burke a flashy sophist. 
 Truth, moral truth, it was supposed, had here taken up its abode; 
 and these were the oracles of thought. ' Throw aside your books 
 of Chemistry,' said Wordsworth to a young man, a student m the 
 Temple, 'and read Godwin on Necessity.'" Hazlitffs Spirit of the 
 
 ^This was a bold and astounding piece of writing, a very 
 master-stroke of levelization, pardonable only as having been con 
 ceived in the madness of a distracting period in the history and 
 affairs of Europe. We are told it became so popular, that the 
 poorest mechanics were known to club subscriptions for its pur 
 chase, and thus was it directed to mine and eat away contentment 
 from a nation's roots. In a very short time the author himself 
 saw he had transgressed the bounds of prudence, and in what 
 was called a second edition recanted many of the most erroneous 
 and alarming doctrines of the first." Biog. Notice in Lon. Gent. 
 Mag., June, 1836, 666-670. 
 
 " You supped upon Godwin and oysters with Carlisle. Have 
 you, then, read Godwin with attention? Give me your thoughts 
 of his book ; for. faulty as it is in many parts, there is a mass of 
 truth in it that must make every man think. Godwin, as a man, 
 is very contemptible. I am afraid that most public characters 
 will ill endure examination in their private lives. . . .Do not 
 despise Godwin too much. ... He will do good by defending 
 Atheism in print, because when the arguments are known they 
 may be easily and satisfactorily answered." Robert Southey to G. 
 C. Bedford, 1795-96. In another place Southey calls Godwin " the 
 Goliath of the philosophical Canaanites." 
 
 " His Political Justice, with all the extravagance of its first 
 edition, or with all the inconsistencies of its last, is a noble work, 
 replete with lofty principle and thought, and often leading to the 
 most striking results by a process of the severest reasoning." SIR 
 T. N. TALFOURD: Lon. New Month. Mag., and in his Grit, and 
 Miscett. Writings. 
 
 "I cannot but consider the author of Political Justice as a 
 philosophical reasoner of no ordinary stamp or pretensions. That 
 work, whatever its defects may be, is distinguished by the most 
 acute and severe logic, and by the utmost boldness of thinking, 
 founded on a love and conviction of truth." Haditt on the Eng- 
 Ush Novelists. 
 
 " Whatever may be its mistakes, which we shall be the last to 
 underrate, it is certain that works in which errors equally dan 
 gerous are maintained with far less ingenuity, have obtained for 
 their authors a conspicuous place in the philosophical history of 
 the eighteenth century." SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH : Edin. Rev., 488, 
 and in his Misc. Works. 
 
 " Seldom has so bold, powerful and collected a thinker investi 
 gated questions of this nature. His Inquiry is scarcely tinged 
 with the atmosphere of ordinary life. He takes up the subject 
 like a new-comer to our planet, unswayed either by habit or asso 
 ciation. His work may be described as the application of intellect 
 to life. The result was, that he proved that reason is not the only 
 guide, and, in doing this, he fulfilled a vast though negative ser 
 vice ; besides incidentally contributing new impulse and informa 
 tion to the cause of individual culture and social progress." H. T. 
 TUCKERMAN: Characteristics of Literature : The Reformer: Godwin. 
 " The influence of the work I can myself remember. In any 
 ordinary state of the world it must have fallen lifeless from the 
 press : highly metaphysical, continually running into general ab 
 stractions, into disquisitions, never ending still beginning, no 
 thing was ever less fitted to attract a reader than this repulsive 
 Inquiry concerning Political Justice; and if the state had not 
 been out of joint, most assuredly scarce a reader would have been 
 found. Some years after, when the success of the work had been 
 established, Mr. Burke was asked whether he had seen it. ' Why, 
 yes, I have seen it,' was the answer, ' and a mighty stupid-looking 
 book it is.' No two words could better have described it. The 
 late excellent Sir Samuel Romilly, who had then leisure to read 
 every thing, told a friend who had never heard of it, that there 
 had just appeared a book, by far the most absurd that had ever 
 come within his knowledge, (this was the work of Godwin ;) and 
 Mrs. Barbauld, who at length, by the progress of its doctrines, 
 was compelled to look at it, declared, that what was good in the 
 book was chiefly taken from Hume; and that it was 'borrowed 
 sense, and original nonsense.' ... It is no longer possible, I 
 think, to read the book : the world is now in a more settled state, 
 and people no longer make ' inquiries concerning political justice, 
 and its influence on morals and happiness,' according to the title 
 of his book. I will therefore endeavour to give you some general 
 notion of the leading principles of the work, in the most concise 
 manner I am able. 
 
 This sentence was written many years ago, like the rest of the 
 lectures I am now delivering; but, as I mentioned in my intro 
 ductory lecture to this course, I have lived to see all the doctrines 
 of Godwin revived. They are the same as those which now infest 
 the world and disgrace the human understanding, delivered by 
 Mr. Owen, by the Chartists, the St. Simonians, &c. &c., and by 
 many other political theorists, in these kingdoms, in France, on 
 the continent, and the 'Workees,' as they call themselves, in 
 America. . . . Books like Mr. Godwin's (and I have therefore 
 called your attention to his work, merely as a specimen of al 
 other revolutionary works and reasonings) have a fatal tendency 
 to animate and exasperate men of sanguine and benevolenl 
 minds with false ideas of the perfectibility of human nature, and 
 erroneous estimates of the evils they see existing ; they create in 
 684 
 
 GOD 
 
 iem a hasty, unreasonable impatience and scorn for the more 
 umhle and unassuming principles upon which those who would 
 meliorate the condition of their fellow-creatures must proceed; 
 they prepare the way for the appearance and success of daring 
 nd had men ; of revolutionists of the worst description ; and while 
 hey profess to further the great cause of liberty, and the improve 
 ment of mankind, they bring into suspicion and contempt some 
 f the noblest and best virtues of the human character; they 
 make patriotism useless, and benevolence ridiculous." Prof. 
 Smyth's Lects. an the Hist, of the French Revolution. See Green's 
 Sxamination of Godwin's Political Justice, &c., Lon., 1798, 8vo. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott, who had the same difficulty in " sparing 
 or passing by a jest," when writing, that Lord Bacon had 
 when speaking, thus pleasantly rallies Godwin upon the 
 maxims of property contained in his Political Justice. 
 The remark occurs in Scott's review of Godwin's Life of 
 Chaucer, and refers to the biographer's complaint that the 
 owners of libraries refused to lend him the books which 
 le required for consultation : 
 
 "We cannot help remarking that the principles of a modern 
 _ hilosopher continue to charm the public after the good man him 
 self has abandoned them ; just as the very truest tale will some- 
 imes be distrusted from the habitual falsehood of the narrator. 
 tVe fear this may have incommoded Mr. Godwin in his antiquarian 
 researches, more than he seems to be aware of. When he com- 
 alains that private collectors decline ' to part with their treasures 
 for a short time out of their own hands,' did it never occur to Mr. 
 3odwin that the maxims concerning property, contained in his 
 Political Justice, were not altogether calculated to conciliate confi 
 dence in the author?" Win. Rev., iii. 437-452. 
 
 3. Things as they are, or the Adventures of Caleb 
 Williams; a Novel, 1794, 3 vols. 12mo ; 1796, 3 vols. 12mo; 
 1816, 3 vols. 12mo; 1832, 12mo; 1849, 12mo; 1854, fp. 8vo. 
 This work has also a political tendency: 
 
 A general review of the modes of domestic despotism, by which 
 man becomes the destroyer of man." 
 
 The author received for it the small sum of 84. 
 
 "A master-piece, both as to invention and execution. The ro 
 mantic and chivalrous principle of the love of personal fame is 
 jmbodied in the finest possible manner in the character of Falk- 
 ~.and; as in Caleb Williams, (who is not the first, but the second 
 ;haracter in the piece,) we see the very demon of curiosity personi 
 fied. Perhaps the art with which these two characters are con 
 trived to relieve and set off each other has never been surpassed 
 n any work of fiction, with the exception of the immortal satire 
 of Cervantes." HazliWs Spirit of the Age.. 
 
 There is not a moment's pause in the action or sentiment ; the 
 breath is suspended, the faculties are wound up to the highest 
 pitch as we read. Page after page is greedily devoured. There is 
 no laying down the book till we come to the end, and even then 
 the words still ring in our ears, nor do the mental apparitions ever 
 pass away from the eye of memory." Edin. Rev. 
 
 " Caleb Williams, the earliest, is also the most popular, of our 
 author's romances, not because his latter works have been less 
 rich in sentiment and passion, but because .they are, for the most 
 part, confined to the development of single characters; while in 
 this there is the opposition and death-grapple of two beings, each 
 endowed with poignant sensibilities and quenchless energy. There 
 is no work of fiction which more rivets the attention no tragedy 
 which exhibits a struggle more sublime or sufferings more in 
 tense than this ; yet to produce the effect, no complicated machinery 
 is employed, but the springs of action are few and simple. The 
 motives are at once common and elevated, and are purely intel 
 lectual, without appearing for an instant inadequate to their 
 mighty issues." SIB T. N. TALFOUED: New Month. Mag., and in 
 his Grit, and Miscell. Writings. 
 
 Mr. Gilfillan also commends Caleb Williams in the 
 most eulogistic terms, and is taken to task for his enthu 
 siasm by Mr. De Quincey, who remarks : 
 
 "It happens, however, that other men of talent have raised 
 Caleb Williams to a station in the first rank of novels : whilst 
 many more, amongst whom I am compelled to class myself, can 
 see in it no merit of any kind." 
 
 Read this article, which is sufficiently amusing, in De 
 Quincey's Essays on the Poets and other English Writers. 
 
 " Few there are who do not enter into and understand the work 
 ings of the mind of Caleb Williams, where the demon of curiosity, 
 finding a youth of an active and speculative disposition, without 
 guide to advise, or business to occupy him, engages his thoughts 
 and his time upon the task of prying into a mystery which noway 
 concerned him, and which from the beginning he had a well- 
 founded conviction might prove fatal to him should he ever pene 
 trate it. The chivalrous frenzy of Falkland, in the same piece, 
 though perhaps awkwardly united with the character of an assas 
 sin, that love of fame to which he sacrifices honour and virtue, is 
 another instance of a humour, or turn of mind, which, like stained 
 glass, colours with its own peculiar tinge every object beheld by 
 the party." SIR WALTER SCOTT : Blackwood's Mag., xx. 53. 
 
 " Caleb Williams is the cream of his mind, the rest are the 
 skimmed milk ; yet in that wondrous novel all must be offended 
 with the unnatural and improbable character of Falkland : the 
 most accomplished, the most heroical and lofty-minded of men 
 murders one who had affronted him, allows others to hang for the 
 deed, and persecutes to the brink of ruin a man whose sole sin 
 was a desire to penetrate through the mystery in which this pro 
 digy of vice and virtue had wrapped himself. Williams suffers 
 merely because it was necessary for the story that he should ; a 
 single word would have set all right and saved him from much 
 unnatural terror. In short, the fault is, that the actions which 
 the dramatis persona, perform are not in keeping with their cha 
 racters." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM : Biog. and Grit. Hist, of the Lit. of 
 the last Fifty Years. See ^o. 18. 
 
GOD 
 
 "Caleb Williams is probably the finest novel produced by a 
 man, at least since the Vicar of Wakefield. The sentiments, if 
 not the opinions, from which it arose, were transient. Local 
 usages and institutions were the subjects of its satire, exaggerated 
 beyond the usual privilege of that species of writing. Yet it has 
 been translated into most languages, and it has appeared in va 
 rious forms on the theatres not only of England, but of France 
 and Germany. There is scarcely a Continental circulating library 
 in which it is not one of the books which most quickly require to 
 be replaced. . . . There is scarcely a fiction in any language which 
 it is so difficult to lay down. ... The passages which betray the 
 metaphysician more than the novelist ought to be weeded out 
 with more than ordinary care." SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH: dm. 
 Rev., xxv. 485-486, and in his Miscdl. Writings. 
 
 4. Cursory Strictures on the Charge delivered by Lord 
 Chief-Justice Eyre to the Grand Jury, Oct. 2, 1794, 8vo. 
 This refers to the trial of Holcroft, Thelwall, and other 
 would-be political reformers, who were tried for high trea 
 son. Godwin's pamphlet is thought to have secured their 
 acquittal. See No. 11. 5. The Enquirer : Keflections on 
 Education, Manners and Literature, in a series of Essays, 
 
 1797, 8vo; 1823, 12mo. 6. Memoirs of Mary Wollstone- 
 craft Godwin, 1798, 8vo. 7. Her Posthumous Works, 
 
 1798, 4 vols. 12mo. See our article on this person, and 
 see No. 11 in this biography. 8. St. Leon ; a Tale of the 
 16th century, 1799, 4 vols. 12mo; 1832, 12mo; 1849, 12mo. 
 This title was much ridiculed, and a humorous counter 
 part to St. Leon was pub. under the name of St. Godwin : 
 a Tale of the 16th, 17th, and 18th century, by Count Regi 
 nald de St. Leon, 1800, 12mo. But Mr. Godwin had the 
 laugh on his side, for he received 400 guineas for his copy 
 right. 
 
 "In St. Leon Mr. Godwin has sought the stores of the super 
 natural ; but the ' metaphysical aid' which he has condescended 
 to accept, is not adapted to carry him farther from nature, but to 
 ensure a more intimate and wide communion with its mysteries. 
 His hero does not acquire the philosopher's stone and the elixir 
 of immortality to furnish out for himself a dainty solitude, where 
 he may dwell, soothed with the music of his own undying 
 thoughts, and rejoicing in his severance from his frail and transi 
 tory fellows." SIB T. N. TALFOURD : New Month. Mag., and in his 
 Grit, and Miscdl. Writings. 
 
 " After Caleb Williams, it would be injustice to Mr. Godwin to 
 mention St. Leon, where the marvellous is employed too fre 
 quently to excite wonder, and the terrible is introduced till we 
 have become familiar with terror. The description of Bethlem 
 Gabor, however, recalled to our mind the author of Caleb Wil 
 liams ; nor, upon the whole, was the romance such as could have 
 been written by quite an ordinary pen." Edin. JKev., vi. 182, See 
 No. 18. 
 
 9. Antonio, or The Soldier's Return; a Tragedy, Lon. 
 1801, 8vo. 
 
 " A miracle of dulness." SIR T. N. TALFOURD. 
 And so the audience thought; for, after being bored be 
 yond endurance, human nature gave way, and they hootec 
 the actors from the stage, in the presence of the unhappy 
 author. Talfourd gives an amusing account of the equa 
 nimity displayed by Godwin on this trying occasion 
 10. Thoughts on Dr. Parr's Spital Serm., 1802, 8vo. 
 
 " A clever though disordered composition." Lon. Gent. Mag. 
 June, 1836. 
 
 11. The Life of Geoffrey Chaucer, Ac., 1803, 2 vols. 4to 
 2d ed., 1804, 4 vols. 8vo. We have already referred to this 
 work, both in the present article and in our life of Chaucer 
 but cannot let it pass without adding a few lines. 
 
 " In his Life of Mary Wollstonecraft he has written little an 
 said much ; and in his account of Chaucer, he has written mucl 
 and said little. ... It has been said that a spoonful of truth wil 
 colour an ocean of fiction ; and so it is seen in Godwin's Life ol 
 Chaucer : he heaps conjecture upon conjecture dream upon dream 
 theory upon theory ; scatters learning all around, and show 
 everywhere a deep "Sense of the merits of the poet; yet all that h 
 has related might have been told in a twentieth part of the spac 
 which he has taken." ALLAN CUNNINQHAM : Biog. and Grit. Hist 
 of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years. 
 
 " The perusal of this title excited no small surprise in our critica 
 fraternity. The authenticated passages of Chaucer's life may b 
 comprised in half a dozen pages ; and behold two voluminous quar 
 tosl . . . We have said that Mr. Godwin had two modes of wire 
 drawing and prolonging his narrative. The first is, as we hav 
 seen, by hooking in the description and history of every thin^ 
 that existed upon earth at the same time with Chaucer. In thi 
 kind of composition, we usually lose sight entirely of the propose 
 subject of Mr. Godwin's lucubrations, travelling to Rome or Pales 
 tine with as little remorse as if poor Chaucer had never been men 
 tioned in the title-page. The second mode is considerably mor 
 ingenious, and consists in making old Geoffrey accompany th 
 author upon these striking excursions. For example, Mr. Godwi 
 has a fancy to describe a judicial trial. Nothing can be more easil 
 introduced; for Chaucer certainly studied at the Temple, and ; 
 supposed to have been bred to the bar." SIR WALTER SCOTT : Edin 
 Rev., iii. 437^52. 
 
 Read the whole of this amusing review, which is redo 
 lent of that exquisite humour in which the great magicia 
 was certainly never surpassed. 
 
 " His Life of Chaucer would have given celebrity to any man o 
 letters possessed of three thousand a year, with leisure to wrii 
 quartos : as the legal acuteness in his Remarks on Judge Eyre 
 
 GOD 
 
 Charge to the Jury would have raised any briefless barrister to the 
 eight of his profession." Hazlitfs Spirit of the Age. 
 
 The Life of Chaucer should by no means be neglected 
 n account of its bulk, which perhaps the enthusiastic 
 tudent of early English history would not have curtailed 
 >y a single page. This kind of desultory gossip is no 
 gnoble treat for a long winter's evening. 
 
 12. Fleetwood, or the*New Man of Feeling; a Novel, 
 805, 3 vols. 12mo; 1849, 12mo. 
 
 " There is, perhaps, little general sympathy with the over-strained 
 elicacies of Fleetwood, who, like Falkland in the School for Scan- 
 .al, is too extravagant in his peculiarities to deserve the reader's 
 >ity." SIR WALTER SCOTT : SlacLwood's Mag., xx. 53. 
 
 " In short, the New Man of Feeling, in his calm moments a de 
 termined egotist, is, in his state of irritation, a frantic madman, 
 who plays on a barrel-organ at a puppet-show, till he and the 
 vooden dramatis persona are all possessed by the foul fiend Flib- 
 aertigibbet, who presides over mopping and mowing." Edin. Rev., 
 vi. 182-193. 
 
 " Fleetwood has less of our author's characteristic energy than 
 any other of his works." SIR T. N. TALFOURD: New Month. Mag., 
 and Crit. and Miscett. Writings. 
 
 13. Faulkner ; a Tragedy, 1807, '08, 8vo. This met with 
 ;he same fate as Antonio had experienced; see No. 9. 
 L4. An Essay on Sepulchres; or, a Proposal for erecting 
 some Memorials of the Illustrious Dead in all ages, on the 
 spot where their remains have been interred, 1809, cr. 8vo. 
 
 "Of all Mr. Godwin's writings the choicest in point of style is a 
 ittle essay on Sepulchres. Here his philosophic thought, sub 
 dued and sweetened by the contemplation of mortality, is breathed 
 forth in the gentlest tone." SIR T. N. TALFOURD: New Month. 
 Mag., and in 7iis Crit. and Miscdl. Writings. 
 
 15. The Life of the Earl of Chatham. See an amusing 
 anecdote connected with this volume in Hazlitfs Spirit of 
 the Age, article WILLIAM GODWIN. 16. The Lives of Ed 
 ward and John Phillips, nephews and pupils of John 
 Milton, &c., 1815, 4to. 
 
 This work is written in a pleasing style, and is a valuable ac 
 cession to literary history." ion. Gent. Mag., June, 1836. 
 
 " It cannot be denied that great acuteness is shown in assem 
 bling and weighing all the very minute circumstances from which 
 their history must often be rather conjectured than inferred. It 
 may appear singular that we, in this speculative part of the island, 
 should consider the digressions from biography, and the passages 
 of general speculation, as the part of the work which might, with 
 the greatest advantage, be retrenched. But they are certainly 
 episodes too large for the action, and have sometimes the air of 
 openings of chapters in an intended history of England. These 
 two faults, of digressions too expanded, and details too minute, 
 are the principal defects of the volume; which must be considered 
 hereafter as a necessary part of all collections respecting the biogra 
 phy of Milton." SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH : Edin. Rev., xxv. 485-501, 
 and in his Miscdl. Works. 
 
 17. Letters of Verax to the Morning Chronicle, on the 
 assumed grounds of the present War, 1815. 18. Mande- 
 ville ; a Tale of the 17th century, Edin., 1817, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 This work was written in accordance with a contract made 
 with Constable, the bookseller, in 1816, when Godwin paid 
 a visit to Edinburgh. 
 
 " Mandeville has all the power of its author's earliest writings, 
 but its main subject the development of an engrossing and mad 
 dening hatred is not one which can excite human sympathy. 
 There is, however, a bright relief to the gloom of the picture, in 
 the angelic disposition of Clifford, and the sparkling loveliness of 
 Henrietta, who appears ' full of life, and splendour, and joy." 
 SIR T. N. TALFOURD: New Month. Mag., and Crit. and Miscdl. Writ 
 ings. 
 
 " His St. Leon and his Mandeville are ten degrees darker than 
 his Falkland : in the latter, there are many ties to connect us with 
 truth and nature, and we go on as the sailors keep by a sinking 
 vessel in the hope that all must be righted soon. Mandeville is 
 one of those unhappy persons whose minds are never so free from 
 the storms of passion as to be fully rational, and yet cannot, save 
 in fits of fury, be considered wholly mad." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: 
 Biog. and Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years. 
 
 "This is. in our opinion, a very dull novel and a very clever 
 book. ... We are therefore obliged to pronounce this work intoler 
 ably tedious and disgusting, though its author has proved himself 
 intimately skilled in the perversity of the human mind, and in all 
 the blackest and most horrible passions of the human breast." 
 Lon. Quar. Rev., xviii. 176-177. 
 
 " The language of Mandeville is throughout nervous and manly. 
 It has indeed many affectations; but these, as has always been the 
 case in the writings of Godwin, vanish whenever he grapples with 
 violent emotions. He is at home in the very whirlwind of terrors, 
 and seems to breathe with the greatest freedom in the most tem 
 pestuous atmosphere." Blackwood's Mag., ii. 268-279. 
 
 " Like his other novels, it contains an important lesson, forcibly 
 inculcated it shows the forlornness and misery of a jealous, sullen, 
 aspiring mind, that makes great claims on the world, without pro 
 per efforts to justify or enforce them." W. PHILLIPS: N. Amer. 
 Rev., vii. 92-105. 
 
 " The announcement of a new work of fiction by the author of 
 Caleb Williams was enough to send the reading world distraught; 
 but Mandeyille did not answer its expectations, and is much in 
 ferior to his former efforts." Lon. Gent. Mag., June, 1836. 
 
 19. On Population; being an Enquiry concerning the 
 Power of Increase in the Numbers of Mankind, Lon., 
 1820, 8vo. This was in answer to the celebrated theory 
 of population propounded by Malthus. See this work 
 
GOD 
 
 noticed, and dissertations on the respective theories of 
 Godwin and Malthus, in the Lon. Quar. Rev., xxvi. 148; 
 Edin. Rev., xxxv. 362. See also notices of Godwin's work 
 in the Edin. Month. Rev., v. 535; Lon. Month. Rev., xciv. 
 113. 20. History of the Commonwealth of England from 
 the Commencement to the Restoration of Charles II., 1824, 
 
 GOL 
 
 minor educational and other juvenile works, when a book 
 seller, about 1804, and the few following years, under 
 the assumed name of Edward Baldwin. Mr. Godwin was, 
 indeed, a voluminous author, and it is a sad reflection, that 
 of one so capable of benefiting the world by his talents, 
 
 nvauae accession o au oriiesr 
 
 ings of the Long Parliament, which, owing to the rese arches of Mr. 
 Lemon have been recently discovered in g*******' <?ffice 
 These documents, and the collection <*J 'Z^enabled Mr 
 given by George III. to t^ntishMuse U ' ,7 h f s torv of the 
 Godwin to thr wmuceW 
 
 cover how far the latter preponderated, and we 
 painful though certain conclusion, that it might 
 have been better for mankind had he never existed. . . . Eccentric 
 notions are alluring, and the wildest theories are too often mis 
 taken for the grandest and the deepest. The opinions maintained 
 by Mr. Godwin, on the existing state of society and actions of 
 mankind, are sour and unhealthy. Pride was the basis and the 
 root of his philosophy As a novelist Mr. Godwin is to all in 
 tents original; he has taken no model, but has been himself a 
 
 thoughts and feelings instructed and refined instructed by its 
 correct views and laborious research, and refined by the proofs it 
 exhibits of the suavity and temperance, as well as unbending jus 
 tice and principle, of the writer." Lon. Critical Gazette. 
 
 So much for one side of the picture : now for the other : 
 
 " The pains and extensive research evidently bestowed in the 
 
 construction of these volumes, might have placed Godwin's name 
 
 high as an historian of his country, had they not been tinged with 
 
 a partial and democratic colouring, which must ever detract from 
 
 the character and value of his work." Lon. Gent. Mag., June, 1836. 
 
 We are almost inclined to suspect some difference of 
 
 politics between the two last quoted authorities. 
 
 But, whatever may be thought of Mr. Godwin's politics, 
 his research and excellence of arrangement have elicited 
 the following commendation from one of the most eminent 
 of living critics : 
 
 " In the original ordinance the members of both houses were 
 excluded during the war ; but in the second, which was carried, 
 the measure was not made prospective. This, which most histo 
 rians have overlooked, is well pointed out by Mr. Godwin." Hal- 
 lam's Constitutional Hist, of Eng., 7th ed., 1854, p. 181, n. 
 
 " Mr. Godwin's History of the Commonwealth, a work in which 
 great attention has been paid to the order of time." Ibid., p. 196, n. 
 "Mr. Godwin has published a work which must be considered as 
 the defence of the Republican party. ... It should by all means 
 be read ; it is always interesting, and sometimes contains anecdotes 
 and passages that are curious and striking ; Godwin is always a 
 powerful writer; and, above all, it is the statement of the case of 
 the Republicans. But, on the whole, in these volumes of Godwin 
 there is no sufficient instruction given of the religious hypocrisy 
 and cant of the Presbyterians first, or of the Independents and 
 Cromwell afterwards. The history is an effort in favour of the 
 Republicans of those times, founded on the paramount merit of a 
 republic at all times. It is also very nearly a panegyric of Crom 
 well certainly so as far as regard for the Republicans admitted." 
 Prof. Smyth's Lectures on Mod. Hist. 
 
 " It is a political counterpart of that of Lord Clarendon; for the 
 writer was of the radical school of politics, and of the atheistic 
 school of philosophy." CHANCELLOR KENT. 
 
 " This work is a solid proof of great endowments and abilities, 
 and throws new light upon a most interesting period of our na 
 tional annals." Lon. Lit. Gazette. 
 
 21. Cloudesley; a Novel, 1830, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " Cloudesley is better written than Caleb Williams. The expres 
 sion is everywhere terse, vigorous, and elegant a polished mirror 
 without a wrinkle." Edin. Rev. 
 
 " A dull though clever novel." Lon. Gent. Mag., 1836. 
 
 " The new novel of Cloudesley, by this celebrated writer, is ad 
 mitted to be worthy of his genius." Lon. Chronicle. 
 
 " A work of genius, which will be read by all who possess genius, 
 or respect it in others." Scotsman. 
 
 22. Thoughts on Man; his Nature, Productions, and 
 Discoveries. Interspersed with some Particulars respect 
 ing the Author, 1831, 8vo. 
 
 "The results of the thirty years' meditations of the Author of 
 the Inquiry into Political Justice are well entitled to consideration. 
 Sound reason and humane principles form the essence of this ex 
 cellent volume ; which, being the production of a thinking man, 
 will be a fountain for thoughts in all his readers." Lon. Lit. Gaz. 
 
 " A series of essays in the style and manner of his earlier works 
 full as irreverent and almost equally as noxious ; like the ser 
 pent, venomous, but enticing." Lon. Gent. Mag., June, 1836. 
 
 23. Lives of the Necromancers, 1834, 8vo. 
 
 "With every disposition to speak favourably of this production, 
 we must acknowledge that an authentic history of Necromancy, 
 and a feithful biography of its votaries, still remain a desideratum 
 in our literature. A writer of patient research, and possessed of a 
 competent knowledge of physics and chemistry, is alone capable 
 of doing justice to the subject ---- On the first perusal of Mr. God 
 win's volume, we were disposed to quarrel with him on account 
 
 have not the moral effect of Hogarth's pictures, which reform vice 
 by holding it to view; they rather contaminate the young and 
 eager, by familiarising them with scenes and characters which it 
 would be better that they never knew even in works of fiction, 
 however artfully glossed over." Lon. Gent. Mag., June, 1836. 
 
 Godwin, William, Jr., d. of cholera in 1832, only 
 child of the preceding by his second wife, was a parlia 
 mentary reporter, and contributed a number of papers to 
 the periodicals of the day. He left in MS. a novel pub. 
 by his father in 3 vols. p. 8vo, entitled Transfusion. 
 
 " It partakes of the family wildness and irregularity of genius." 
 Lon. Gent. Mag., June, 1836. 
 
 Goering, Jacob, Lutheran minister at York, Pa. 
 Besiegter Wiedertaufer, 1783, 8vo. Answer to a Method 
 ist's Remonstrance, York. Der Verkappte Priester Aaron, 
 (iiber die Siebentager;) pub. about 1790. 
 
 Goff, Goffe, or Gough, Thomas, 1592P-1629, a 
 native of Essex, educated at Westminster and Christ 
 Church, Oxf., preferred to the living of East Clandon, 
 Surrey, 1629. 1, 2. Latin Orations, 1622, '27. Serm., 1627, 
 4to. 3. Raging Turk; a Trag., 1656, 8vo. 4. Courageous 
 Turk, 1656, 8vo. 5. Tragedie of Orestes, 1656, 8vo. 
 6. Careless Shepherdess ; a Tragi-Com., with an alphabetical 
 cat. of all such Plays that were ever printed, 1656, 4to. 
 This cat. is incorrect. 7. Cupid's Whirligig; a Com. 
 Ascribed to him, without much probability of truth, by 
 Phillips and Winstanley. It has been supposed that he 
 trans. The Bastard, a Tragedy ; and Wood and Langbaine 
 both give him Selimus, which was printed when Goff was 
 but two years old. 
 
 " Goff 's tragedies are full of ridiculous bombast ; his comedies are 
 not without merit." GIFFORD. 
 
 His melancholy fate is a warning to all bachelors : 
 "Taking to wife a meer Xantippe, the widow of his predecessor, 
 notwithstanding he had always before professed himself an enemy 
 to the female sex, and was esteemed by many another Joseph 
 Swetnam, he was so much overtop'd by her and her children 
 which she had by her former husband, that, his life being much 
 shortened thereby, he died at length in a manner heart-broken." 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Joseph Swetnam, who was distinguished by the not very 
 amiable title of the Woman-hater, will claim a place in 
 another part of our volume. 
 
 Golborne, John. See BRINDLEY, JAMES. 
 Golburne, John. 1. Trans, of Voyon's Cat. of 
 Doctors of God's Church, Lon., 1598, 16mo. 2. Trans, of 
 Two Theolog. Treatises by Valera, 1600, 4to. 3. Trans, 
 of an Act of Dispute, &e., 1602, fol. 
 
 Gold, F. 1. Trans, of Romand's Travels in the 
 Pyrenees, Lon., 1813, 8vo. 2. Trans, of Bichat's Re- 
 cherches Physiologiques, 1815, 8vo. 
 Golden, Wm. Poems, 1791, 1802. 
 Goldesborough, Goldsborough, or Goulds- 
 borough, John* Reports in all the Courts of West 
 minster, 1586-1602 ; with Notes by W. S., 1653, '75, '82, 4to. 
 " For thy further satisfaction know, that thou hast here not a 
 spurious deformed brat, falsely fathered upon the name of a dead 
 man, too usuall a trick, played by the subtile gamesters of this 
 serpentine age ; but thou hast presented to thee, though I cannot 
 say the issue of learned Gouldsborough's own brain, yet, I dare 
 say, the work of his own hand ; and that which, were he living, 
 he would not blush to own." Preface. 
 
 "Godbolt, Goldsborough and March; mean reporters; but not 
 to be rejected." North's Stu. Law, 24. 
 
 Brownlow's Reports contains a number of Cases reported 
 
 wiu o ruiiAiiic, TG wtio uispusuu TO quarrei witn mm on account i --- 1 , -T , ---- i_ i_ j.\. x- 11 * f 'ii 
 
 of its irreligious character. It is enough, however, to have guarded by J. Goldesborough, but the entire collection of cases will 
 
 our young readers against the snare which is laid for them. Reli 
 gion is founded on too secure a basis to be thus shaken; and we 
 
 be found in the above work. See BROWNLOW, RlCHARD. 
 Goldicult, John. 1. Antiq. of Sicily, from Draw- 
 
 > im P- 8vo and 4to - , A , _. 
 
 Goldie, George, 1748-1804, a minister of the Ch. of 
 
 attempt to discredit Christianity because some of its professors 
 believed in sorcery and practised magic." Edin. Kev., lx. 37-54. 
 
 The Lives of the Necromancers was Mr. Godwin's last Scotland, had charge of the Church of Athelstaneford for 
 production. In addition to the twenty-three works which twenty-six years. Serms. ; with Life, Edin., 1805, 8vo. 
 have come under our notice, he also wrote a number of | Goldie, John. 1. Gospel Recovered, 1779-84, 6 vols. 
 
GOL 
 
 8vo. 2. Evidences of a Deity, 1809. Upon the publica 
 tion of these Essays, Burns, the poet, addressed an Epistle 
 to the author. 
 
 Golding, Arthur, a poet and translator, of the 16th 
 century, a native of London, was patronized by Sir Philip 
 Sidney, secretary to Lord Cobham and other leading cha 
 racters of the day. He completed a trans, of Mornay's 
 Trewnesse of the Christian Religion, commenced by Sir 
 Philip Sidney ; and made translations from Calvin, Chy- 
 trseus, Beza, Marlorat, Hemingius, Justin, Caesar, <fcc. His 
 best-known trans, is that of Ovid's Metamorphoses ; The 
 fyrst fower bookes, 1565 ; The XV. Bookes, 1575, '87, 1603, 
 '12 ; all in black letter, 4to. 
 
 " His style is poetical and spirited, and his versification clear ; 
 his manner ornamented and diffuse, yet with a sufficient obser 
 vance of the original. On the whole, I think him a better poet 
 than Phaier. . . . Ovid's Metamorphoses, just translated by Gold- 
 ing, to instance no further, disclosed a new world of fiction, even 
 to the illiterate. ... I think his only original work is an account 
 of an Earthquake in 1580, [pub. 1580, 8vp.] Of his original poetry 
 I recollect nothing more than an encomiastic copy of verses pre 
 fixed to Baret's Alveare, published in 1580. It may be regretted 
 that he gave so much time to translations." Warton's Hist, of 
 Eng. Poet. 
 
 His trans, of Beza's drama of Abraham's Sacrifice, 
 1577, 18mo, has given him a place in the Biog. Dramat. 
 
 " Golding's Translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses is a good one, 
 considering the time when it was written. It is in Alexandrine 
 verse, as well as Phaer's Virgil." ALEXANDER POPE : Spence's Anec 
 dotes. 
 
 An ancient critic ranks Richard Edwards with Phaer, 
 Hay wood, Nevile, Googe, and our author, Golding : 
 " With him also, as seemeth me, 
 Our Edwards may compare; 
 Who nothying gyuing place to him 
 Doth syt in egall chayre." 
 
 T. B.'s Recommendatory Poem, prefixed to John Studley's English 
 version of Seneca's Agamemnon, printed in 1566. See Warton's 
 Eng. Poet. ; Phillips' s Theat. Poet. ; Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Puttenham, in his Arte of English Poesie, in his criti 
 cisms on contemporary English poets, commends 
 
 "Phaer and Golding for a learned and well-connected verse, 
 specially in translation, clear, and very faithfully answering their 
 author's intent." 
 
 " The translations of ancient poets by Phaer, Golding, Stany- 
 hurst, and several more, do not challenge our attention ; most of 
 them, in fact, being very wretched performances." Hallam's Lit. 
 Hist, of Europe. 
 
 Golding thus feelingly complains of the innovations 
 which were changing the character of the English tongue 
 in his day : 
 
 " Our English tongue is driven almost out of kind, 
 Dismember'd, hack'd, maim'd, rent, and torn, 
 Defaced, patch' d, marr'd, and made in scorn." 
 
 Golding, P. Sleydane's Epitome of Froissard, Lon., 
 1603, '08, 4to. 
 
 " In no estimation." NICOLSON. 
 
 It is, however, well to have it in a Shaksperian collec 
 tion. 
 
 Golding, Widdows. Con. to Med. Facts, 1797. 
 
 Gold high am, B. See next article, and references 
 there cited. 
 
 Goldingham, Henry. 1. Queen Elizabeth's Pro 
 gress to Norwich ; a Masque, Lon., 1578, 4to. 2. Garden 
 Plot; an Allegorical Poem, and a reprint of his Masque. 
 39 copies printed for the Roxburghe Club, 1825, 4to. See 
 this work; also Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry; Ritson's 
 Bibl. Poet. ; Steevens's Shaksp. 
 
 Goldisborough, John. Almanack, Lon., 1662,' 8vo. 
 
 Goldney, Edward, Sr. 1. Friendly Epist. to the 
 Jews, 1761, 8vo. 2. Epistle to the Deists, 1761, 8vo. 
 
 Goldsborough, Charles W. United States Naval 
 Chronicle, Washington, 1824, vol. i., pp. 395. 
 
 "A valuable repository of historical facts and official state 
 ments." W. Amer. Rev., xxi. 1-19. 
 
 Goldsmid, Anna M. 1. Trans, from the German 
 of Dr. G. Salomon's 12 serms. delivered in the New Tem 
 ple of the Israelites at Hamburg, &c., Lon., 1839, 8vo. 
 
 " Many of them will be found available for persons of every 
 religious denomination and sect." Translator's Preface. 
 
 2. Trans, from the German of Dr. Ludwig Philippsohn's 
 Development of the Religious Idea in Judaism, Chris 
 tianity, and Mohammedanism : Considered in 12 Lects. on 
 the Hist, and Purport of Judaism, Lon., 1855, 8vo, pp. 278. 
 These lectures were delivered at Magdeburg in 1847. The 
 translator has added explanatory notes, which the reader 
 will find very useful. 
 
 Goldsmith, or Gonldsmith, Francis, temp. 
 Charles I. Hugo Grotius, his Sophompaneas, or Joseph ; 
 a Tragedy. With Annotations, Lon., sine anno, sect 1652, 
 8vo. 
 
 Goldsmith, G. 1. Equity, Lon., 1838 ; 4th ed., 1849. 
 2. English Bar, 1843, fp. Svo; 2d ed., 1849. 
 
 GOL 
 
 Goldsmith, Rev. J. Geography, &c., 1803-15. Of 
 Goldsmith's Grammar of Geography there have been new 
 eds., 1844-51, by Hughes, Kenny, and Wright. 
 
 Goldsmith, Lewis, b. 1763, a Jew, a native of Eng 
 land, gained considerable notoriety by pub. 1. The Crimes 
 of Cabinets, Lon., 1801, 8vo ; and subsequently gave to 
 the world 2. The Conduct of France towards America, 
 1809, 8vo ; N. York, 1810, 8vo. 3. The Secret Hist, of the 
 Cabinet of Bonaparte, Lon., 1811, Svo; 1814, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 4. Manifestos, &c. of Bonaparte, &c., 1811, Svo ; 1813, 
 4 vols. Svo. 5. Secret Hist, of Bonaparte's Diplomacy, 
 1812, Svo. 6. Memorial of M. Carnot, Ac., 1814, Svo. 
 7. An appeal to the Sovereigns of Europe on the Necessity 
 of bringing Napoleon Bonaparte to public Trial, 1815. 
 At one time he edited the Paris Argus, and interested 
 himself in French politics. 
 
 Goldsmith, Miss Mary. 1. Casualties; a Novel, 
 Lon., 1784, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " Learn, ye mantua-makers all. from this instructive lesson, to 
 mind your needles and earn a ' virtuous bit of bread.' As a com 
 position, this novel boasts no high merit." Lon. Month. Rev., xlvii. 
 208. 
 
 2. She lives; a Comedy, 1803. S.Angelina; a Comic 
 Opera, 1804, N. P. 
 
 Goldsmith, Oliver, November 10, 1728-April 4, 
 1774, one of the most distinguished ornaments of English 
 literature, was a native of the village of Pallas, Pallice, or 
 Pallasmore, in Leinster, Ireland, county of Longford, H 
 miles S. E. of Ballymahon. The character of his excellent 
 father the Rev. Charles Goldsmith, a clergyman of the 
 Established Church, holding the living of Kilkenny 
 West has been so well described by his son in the cha 
 racters of The Man in Black in The Citizen of the World, 
 The Preacher in the Deserted Village, and Doctor Prim 
 rose in the Vicar of Wakefield, that no other portraiture 
 can be needed nor should be tolerated. The good man 
 lived to see five sons and two daughters surrounding the 
 family board before he was called to his rest, which event 
 occurred in the year 1740. His son Henry followed his 
 calling, and his example and his virtues have been com 
 memorated, in lines which the world will never " let die," 
 by the same pen which depicted the amiable characteristics 
 of the "Village Preacher." He who can peruse without 
 emotion the impassioned burst of fervent gratitude and 
 tender remembrance with which the houseless wanderer 
 celebrates his brother's kindness and his brother's peace 
 ful home has but little claim to the better feelings of our 
 nature : 
 
 * Remote, unfriended, melancholy, slow, 
 Or by the lazy Scheldt, or wandering Po; 
 Or onward, where the rude Carinthian boor 
 Against the houseless stranger shuts the door; 
 Or where Campania's plajn forsaken lie.s, 
 A weary waste expanding to the skies ; 
 Where'er I roam, whatever realms to see, 
 My heart, untravell'd, fondly turns to thee. 
 Still to my brother turns with ceaseless pain, 
 And drags at each remove a length'ning chain. 
 Eternal blessings crown my earliest friend, 
 And round his dwelling guardian saints attend! 
 Blest be that .spot where cheerful guests retire 
 To pause from toil, and trim the ev'ning fire ; 
 Blest that abode, where want and pain repair, 
 And ev'ry stranger finds a ready chair ; 
 Blest be those feasts, with simple plenty crown'd, 
 Where all the ruddy family around 
 Laugh at the jests or pranks that never fail, 
 Or sigh with pity at some mournful tale ; 
 Or press the bashful stranger to his food, 
 And learn the luxury of doing good. 
 But me, not destin'd such delights to share, 
 My prime of life in wand'ring spent and care, 
 ImpelFd with steps unceasing to pursue 
 Some fleeting good, that mocks me with the view ; 
 That, like the circle bounding earth and skies, 
 Allures from far, yet, as I follow, flies ; 
 My fortune leads to traverse realms alone, 
 And find no spot of all the world my own." 
 
 The Traveller. 
 
 If we have somewhat anticipated our story by the 
 quotation of the beautiful lines just cited, we shall be 
 readily forgiven. Perhaps there could be no better in 
 troduction to a biography of Oliver Goldsmith. The 
 warmth of his affections, the tenderness of his heart, his 
 roving propensities and vacillation of mind, are all here 
 presented to the reader in the poet's happiest and most 
 graphic style. 
 
 At the age of six years Oliver was placed under charge 
 of the village schoolmaster, Thomas Byrne, a retired 
 quartermaster of an Irish regiment, who seems to have 
 expended many of the hours which should have been de 
 voted to instruction, in recitals of military adventures, in 
 which the narrator himself had borne no obscure and un- 
 
GOL 
 
 honoured share. We do not find, however, that his youth 
 ful auditors the future village Cromwells of the school 
 ever seriously complained of this want of faithfulness 
 upon the part of their military preceptor. With a keen 
 ness of perception and politic wisdom which would not 
 have disgraced practised courtiers, the subjects of this 
 despotic ruler seem to have carefully studied his character 
 and adapted their deportment to his changing mood : 
 " Well had the boding tremblers learned to trace 
 
 The day's disasters in his morning face; 
 
 Full well they laughed with counterfeited glee 
 
 At all his jokes, for many a joke had he; 
 
 Full well the busy whisper, circling round, 
 
 Convey'd the dismal tidings when he frown'd." 
 Little Oliver was interrupted in his studies under Mr. 
 Byrne by an attack of the small-pox, the signature of 
 which he bore legibly inscribed on his face for the rest 
 of his life. Upon his recovery, he was placed at school, 
 first at Elphin, in Roscommon, then at Athlone, and sub 
 sequently at Edgeworthstown. It was whilst attending 
 the seminary at Elphin, boarding meanwhile at his uncle's, 
 John Goldsmith, that he displayed his juvenile wit by a 
 celebrated epigram, which has been carefully preserved by 
 all the poet's biographers. During an evening party at 
 his uncle's, when the guests were engaged in the mazes 'of 
 the dance, Oliver, then only nine years old, disposed to 
 contribute his share to the amusements of the evening, 
 undertook the execution of a hornpipe, which was pro 
 bably performed with more zeal than elegance. The mu 
 sician of the party, who was more forcibly impressed with 
 the awkward form and pitted face of the juvenile Athlete 
 than with his Terpsichorean proficiency, raised a laugh at 
 his expense by calling him his little JEsop. But Oliver 
 soon turned the laugh upon his assailant by the retort : 
 
 " Our herald hath proclaimed this saying, 
 
 See JEsop dancing, and his monkey playing." 
 A large portion of the expenses of Oliver's early educa 
 tion was defrayed by his kind-hearted uncle, the Rev- 
 Thomas Contarine, who was at all times one of his most 
 devoted and generous friends. 
 
 On the llth of June, 1745, Oliver entered Trinity Col 
 lege, Dublin, as a sizar, under the tutorship of the Rev. 
 Theaker Wilder, from whose petty tyranny the youth suf 
 fered so acutely that at times his life was an almost in 
 tolerable burden. In our life of Edmund Burke we have 
 noticed the fact that he was a contemporary at college 
 with the subject of the present article. The poor sizar 
 did not display either that genius or that application which 
 gains collegiate distinctions, but he was so fortunate on 
 one occasion as to secure one of the minor prizes, the 
 value in money of which was about thirty shillings. 
 
 " This turn of success and sudden influx of wealth proved too 
 much for the head of our poor student. He forthwith gave a sup 
 per and dance at his chamber to a number of young persons of 
 both sexes from the city, in direct violation of college rules. The 
 unwonted sound of the fiddle reached the ears of the implacable 
 Wilder. He rushed to the scene of unhallowed festivity, inflicted 
 corporal chastisement on the ' father of the feast,' and turned his 
 astonished guests neck and heels out of doors." Irving'* Life of 
 Goldsmith. 
 
 Mortified beyond measure at this inglorious termination 
 to the evening's festivities, and ashamed to meet either the 
 companions of his studies or of his feasts, Goldsmith left 
 college the next day in a state of high disgust, determined 
 to seek his fortunes in some land "beyond the flood," 
 where he might hope to prosper by the exercise of his in 
 dustry or of his wits. He lingered in Dublin until all his 
 money was spent save a solitary shilling, and, when that 
 was gone, several of his garments followed, until, at last, 
 hungry and half-naked, he was saved from starvation, 
 when on his way to Cork, by a handful of gray peas given 
 him by a country-girl at a wake. He never forgot his 
 humble benefactor. Poor fellow ! he had fasted for twenty- 
 four hours when this seasonable relief was accorded to 
 him : and long afterwards, when applauded in the world 
 of fashion and an honoured guest at great men's feasts, 
 he declared to Sir Joshua Reynolds that of all the ex 
 quisite meats he had ever tasted that handful of gray peas 
 was the most delicious. 
 
 By the kind offices of his brother Henry, he was again 
 placed at college, where he remained for nearly two years 
 longer. Feb. 27, 1749, he was made Bachelor of Arts, and 
 turned his back upon his Alma Mater without the loss of 
 many tears. It was now incumbent on him to select a 
 profession, and he was induced by his kind but injudicious 
 uncle Contarine to become an applicant for holy orders. 
 The two years of probation were passed in a desultory 
 manner, often in amusements not altogether of the most 
 clerical character ; and when, at the age of twenty-three, 
 
 GOL 
 
 the candidate passed in review under the scrutinizing eye 
 of the Bishop of Elphin, he was promptly rejected : 
 
 " He was intended for the church, and went to the Bishop of 
 Elphin to be examined for orders, but, appearing iu a pair of 
 scarlet breeches, he was rejected." Dr. A. Strean's Letter. 
 
 But other reasons are urged for the prelate's rejection 
 of the application. His sister tells us that the bishop 
 thought him too young; another version is that his habits 
 were known to be unsuited to the gravity of the profes 
 sion to which he sought admittance. Certain it is that 
 the church lost nothing by the bishop's refusal. It is 
 possible to weaken an army by increasing its numbers ; 
 and such a clergyman as Goldsmith would in all pro 
 bability have proved would hare done little to advance 
 the cause which he professed to espouse. The candidate 
 was not heart-broken by the bishop's decision : 
 
 " For the clerical profession," says his sister, Mrs. Hodson, " he 
 had no lining." 
 
 Good old Uncle Contarine was sadly disappointed, but 
 relaxed nothing in his efforts to serve his wayward nephew. 
 He soon procured him employment as a tutor in the family 
 of Mr. Flinn; but this situation was lost in consequence of a 
 quarrel between the preceptor and one of the family over 
 a game of cards. Oliver left Mr. Flinn's with what seemed 
 to him an almost fabulous amount of money no less 
 than thirty pounds; but even this amount, vast as it 
 was, was not proof against the repeated demands to which 
 the owner subjected it, and in six weeks he returned to 
 his mother's house at Ballymahon without a shilling in 
 his pocket, and on the back of a steed of much humbler 
 appearance than the one which shortly before carried in 
 triumph the happy owner of thirty pounds sterling. Part 
 of this sum, indeed, had been expended in the purchase 
 of a passage to America ; but, as the passenger was on an 
 excursion in the country when the wind served in the 
 harbour of Cork, the captain "never inquired after him, 
 but set sail with as much indifference as if he had been on 
 board." 
 
 How much depended upon that country excursion ! 
 What would have been the history of the author of the 
 Vicar of Wakefield and the Deserted Village had he 
 landed, a friendless stranger, on the shores of America ? 
 In all probability the world would never have seen these 
 immortal productions ; and Oliver Goldsmith, a Revolu 
 tionary leader, might have shed his blood at Bunker Hill, 
 or a Western planter, in the enjoyment of a hale old age, 
 have nursed on his knee his children of the third genera 
 tion. 
 
 We have often thought that a most interesting narra 
 tive might be compiled of the real and supposed lives of 
 the afterwards great men who at one time or other in 
 tended settling in America. As a colonist, Cromwell, 
 " guiltless of his country's blood," would have passed his 
 days in the useful pursuits of agriculture or commerce ; 
 and Edmund Burke would have contributed to the legis 
 lative sagacity and oratorical splendour which so proudly 
 distinguished the first American Congress. John Hamp- 
 den would not have been stigmatized by the great Claren 
 don as the modern Cinna; and the ruthless ambition of a 
 Bonaparte would have been resisted by a spirit mightier 
 than his own. But these are speculations : let us return 
 to facts. What should be done now for the improvident 
 youth who had already so sadly disappointed those who 
 had striven beyond their means to advance his fortunes ? 
 To be discouraged in his efforts for poor Oliver belonged 
 not to the kind-hearted Contarine. If Oliver would be 
 neither a clergyman nor a tutor, the law was still open, 
 and here his abilities would at once command success. 
 To plan and to do was the same with the good man ; and 
 he soon had nearly the sum of fifty pounds, a large sum 
 for his circumstances, which he placed in Oliver's hands 
 and dismissed him with his benediction. With this capital 
 the young man must manage until he had secured a foot 
 ing which should place him in a position to earn his own 
 bread. But, alas ! the attractions of a gaming-table were 
 too strong for his virtue; he was persuaded to risk his 
 whole capital, with the encouragement that it would be 
 doubled ; but, as might have been anticipated, his money, 
 with the exception of a few shillings, passed into the pos 
 session of his dangerous acquaintances, and he was again 
 a ruined man. 
 
 Goldsmith's mental agony was now indeed great. How 
 unworthy had he proved himself of the kindness of his 
 friends, especially of that uncle and brother who had 
 strengthened him with words of good cheer when all others 
 had lost faith in his resolutions and his promises ! But 
 offences repeated " seventy times seven" would not have 
 exhausted the fount of tenderness which yearned in the 
 
GOL 
 
 GOL 
 
 heart of that good uncle towards the repentant prodigal. 
 ''When he was yet a great way off," he was ready to run 
 forth to meet him, to " fall on his neck," and again " kill for 
 him the fatted calf." He took him in his own house, made 
 him exhibit his talents in the long winter evenings by lite 
 rary discussions, and, when his duties called him away, 
 was delighted to see his daughter turn entertainer to the 
 poor outcast, and join the music of her harpsichord to the 
 notes of his flute. Not satisfied with this, he again anx 
 iously considered how he could best promote his advance 
 ment* in the world; and a hint which fell from the great 
 man of the family Dean Goldsmith, of Cloyne, then on a 
 visit to the worthy pastor was sufficient to cause him 
 again to tax his narrow purse for further supplies for 
 Oliver. 
 
 If neither the Church, the tutor's chair, nor the bar, 
 were to afford a field for the exercise of his nephew's abili 
 ties, he should be a doctor of medicine ! Many had at 
 tained a large and profitable practice who had started as 
 late in life as Oliver : why could not Oliver do the same ? 
 At least, the experiment should be tried. Behold, then, 
 our adventurer again starting, in the autumn of 1752, to 
 try his fortune in the world. 
 
 Arrived in Edinburgh, he soon became famous in the 
 social circles of that city as a teller of good stories and 
 singer of Irish songs. But his eighteea months of resi 
 dence here were not thrown away. He was too a,pt a 
 scholar to be unprofited by the excellent lectures to which 
 he listened and the chemical experiments in which he took 
 a part. 
 
 He now determined to visit the continent, that he might 
 enjoy opportunities of completing his medical studies 
 and gratify a taste for travelling, which was one of his 
 strongest propensities. Uncle Contarine's purse was al 
 ways ready, and to it the student again had recourse. 
 Yet it is to be recorded, to his credit, that his economy 
 was stringent, that his applications might be as few and 
 as moderate as it was possible to make them. His grati 
 tude, too, to his generous benefactor was deep and un 
 feigned : 
 
 " Let me acknowledge," he writes to him, when advising him 
 of intended absence, " the humility of the station in which you 
 found me; let me tell you how I was despised by most and hate 
 ful to myself. Poverty, hopeless poverty, was my lot. and Melan 
 choly was beginning to make me her own. When you . . . " 
 " Thou best of men," he exclaims in another letter, written from 
 Leyden, "may Heaven guard and preserve you and those you 
 love!" 
 
 With this benediction, so richly deserved, we may take 
 our leave of good Uncle Contarine, who breathed his last 
 before his nephew, whom he had so dearly loved and for 
 whom he had done so much, had attained that celebrity 
 and prosperous fortune which no one would have rejoiced 
 in more than himself. May the memory of that good man 
 ever be fresh in the world's history ! 
 
 Arrived at Leyden, Goldsmith seems to have devoted 
 some attention to the pursuit of knowledge, gaining, mean 
 while, a precarious subsistence by acting as tutor, and 
 sometimes winning, but generally losing, by the gaming 
 table. In February, 1755, he left Leyden for the purpose 
 of travelling on foot through Europe. His wardrobe, furni 
 ture, and finances, amounted exactly to "a guinea in his 
 pocket, a shirt on his back, and a flute in his hand." 
 
 The manner in which he "disputed his way through 
 Europe" by accepting university challenges, and gained 
 many a night's lodging by the notes of his flute, are too 
 well known, and have been too beautifully described by 
 himself, to justify us in dwelling upon them here : 
 
 " Whenever I approached a peasant's house towards nightfall, 
 I played one of my most merry tunes, and that procured me not 
 only a lodging, but subsistence for the next day." Vicar of Wake- 
 field. 
 
 "Gay, sprightly land of mirth and social ease, 
 Pleas'd with thyself, whom all the world can please, 
 How often have I led thy sportive choir 
 With tuneless pipe beside the murmuring Loire! 
 Where shading elms along the margin grew, 
 And, freshen' d from the wave, the zephyr flew; 
 And haply, though my harsh touch, falt'ring still, 
 But mock'd all tune, and marr'd the dancers' skill, 
 Yet would the village praise my wondrous power, 
 And dance, forgetful of the noon-tide hour." The Traveller. 
 Whilst abroad, either at Padua or at Louvain, he took 
 his degree of Bachelor of Medicine. On the 1st of Febru 
 ary, 1756, Goldsmith landed at Dover, wiser in experience, 
 but more destitute in pocket, than at any former period 
 of his life. He made his way to London; and here starva 
 tion stared him in the face. In vain he begged for a situa 
 tion as a compounder of prescriptions or as an errand-boy 
 among the London apothecaries ; no one would employ an 
 assistant who could give no references. At last he ob- 
 
 44 
 
 tained a situation as shop-tender with a chemist of the 
 name of Jacob, where he remained until, by the aid of an 
 old fellow-student, Dr. Sleigh, he was enabled to set 
 up, in an humble way, as a physician among the poorer 
 classes. Prosperity did not smile upon his new vocation, 
 but incidentally it opened the way to a better business. 
 
 He had a patient a printer's workman who had per 
 ception enough to discern that the doctor was himself the 
 victim of a terrible malady nothing less than consuming, 
 soul-corroding poverty. The poor man had learned benevo 
 lence of his employer. He told Goldsmith that his master 
 had a kind heart, and before this had relieved distress; 
 would he not let him speak a word for him ? The kind 
 offices of his humble patient were not in vain ; and behold 
 the quondam physician installed as reader and corrector of 
 the press to Samuel Richardson, the author of " Clarissa." 
 
 About the beginning of 1757, (unless we adopt the earlier 
 date assigned by Mr. Allport,) he obtained a situation as 
 usher in the academy of Dr. Milner, at Peckham, and was 
 still in this humble employment the mortification of 
 which he has so well described in the person of George 
 Primrose when he was engaged by Griffiths as a stated 
 contributor to The Monthly Review. An agreement was 
 made for one year, and Goldsmith moved his scanty ward 
 robe to the house of Mr. and Mrs. Griffiths. It is not 
 without reason that we mention the latter: she was quite 
 as much master of the house as her husband was, and 
 ruled the poor contributor with so despotic a sway that at 
 the end of five months he was glad to cancel his engage 
 ment. 
 
 From this time until the appearance of his first work 
 of any pretensions, with the exception of another tiial at 
 ushership in Dr. Milner's school, Goldsmith earned a 
 scanty subsistence as a hack-writer, with a ready pen 
 always at the disposal of those who were able to pay a few 
 shillings or a few pounds, as it might be, for the desired 
 article. A Life of Voltaire and an unfinished tragedy 
 are among the labours of this period. The disappoint 
 ment of his hopes of a lucrative medical post at Coro- 
 mandel, and his rejection by the College of Surgeons, 
 added to the bitterness of his melancholy lot. 
 
 The Inquiry into the Present State of Polite Learning 
 in Europe was pub. by Dodsley in April, 1759, 12mo. It 
 appeared without the writer's name, but the authorship 
 was no secret. Kenrick's savage attack upon the new 
 work was worthy of the base character of the man. The 
 Inquiry was not without merit, though perhaps not entitled 
 to the unqualified commendation of the learned. To quote 
 the language of one of the author's late biographers : 
 
 " In the present day, when the whole field of contemporary 
 literature is so widely surveyed and amply discussed, and when 
 the current productions of every country are constantly collated 
 aud ably criticised, a treatise like that of Goldsmith would be con 
 sidered as extremely limited and unsatisfactory; but at that time 
 it possessed novelty in its views and wideness in its scope, and, 
 being indued with the peculiar charm of style inseparable from 
 the author, it commanded public attention and a profitable sale." 
 Irving's Lift of Goldsmith. 
 
 Goldsmith's next literary undertaking was The Bee, a 
 weekly periodical, pub. on Saturdays, the first number of 
 which appeared on the 6th of October, 1759, and the eighth 
 and last on the 29th of November. It possessed excellence 
 of no ordinary character, but failed to command support. 
 
 On the 12th of January, 1760, Mr. Newbery, the famous 
 publisher of children's books, commenced the publication 
 of The Public Ledger, and Goldsmith contributed to it his 
 celebrated Chinese Letters, which were collected and repub. 
 by Newbery, at the close of 1760, in 2 vols. 12mo, under 
 the title of The Citizen of the World ; or, Letters from a 
 Chinese Philosopher residing in London, to his friends in 
 the East. They were commended by the British Magazine 
 as "light, agreeable summer reading;" and even Kenrick 
 was forced by Griffiths to make an awkward apology for his 
 brutal attack on the "Inquiry" and its author, and com 
 mended the Chinese Letters in high terms. Some opinions 
 upon the merits of this work will be found on a later page. ' 
 The reputation of his new work caused publishers to seek 
 the aid of the author in various undertakings, and the 
 editorship of The Lady's Magazine, contributions to The 
 British Magazine, prefaces to a number of works, a revision 
 of a History of Mecklenburg, Newbery's Art of Poetry, 
 Compendium of Biography, and a Life of Beau Nash, were 
 among the literary labours that replenished the exhausted 
 coffers of The Citizen of the World. On the 31st of May, 
 1761, an event of no ordinary interest occurred to the now 
 rising author. This was his introduction to Dr. Johnson, 
 " The Great Cham of Literature," through the good offices 
 of Dr. Percy, afterwards Bishop of Dromore. The strong 
 attachment which the lexicographer at once formed for 
 
GOL 
 
 GOL 
 
 it. a. j- i.- r 1* ^ fsM'Klod and thft I "The beauties of this poem are so great and various, that w 
 Goldsmith, notwithstanding his faults and foibles, and the ! ^^ feut be . ged t ey haye not * been able to recommend u 
 
 friendly aid which he afforded him by the disposal ot ine to more general no tice." 
 
 Vicar of Wakefield, are pleasing incidents in the lives ol A mont h a f ter t hi s notice, a second edition appeared; the 
 these two truly great men. The nodes ambrosia nee of I 5 I th } r( j soon followed, a fourth was issued in August, and the 
 Literary Club were now partaken of by Goldsmith, and he : n j nt h appeared in the year of the author's death. 
 
 found himself the associate of men whom heretofore he 
 had long worshipped at a distance. Still busily employed 
 with his pen. we find him engaged on a revision ot a L>e- 
 
 ' 
 
 We have no evidence that Goldsmith received more than 
 twenty guineas from the publisher, the elder Newbery. But 
 
 ,,n u u.o r ~~, D the author felt that his reputation was on the ascendant, 
 
 Bcription of Millennium Hall and of Dr. Brookes s System j and he ventu red to leave his own quarters in Wine-Office 
 of Natural History, additions to the Wonders of Nature , c our t, an( j removed to chambers on the library staircase 
 and Art, contributions to The Martial Review or General i of the Temple. Johnson paid him a visit shortly after- 
 History of the late War, to the Critical and Monthly Maga 
 zines, prefaces to Universal History and several other 
 works, and a compilation entitled A History of England, 
 in a series of Letters from a Nobleman to his bon. Ihis 
 has passed through many edits, in English, been trans, into 
 French, and was confidently attributed to Lord Chester 
 field, Lord Orrery, and especially to Lord Lyttelton. 
 Among his many literary projects which were never exe 
 cuted may be mentioned one, the title of which interests 
 us not a little: A Chronological History of the Lives of 
 Eminent Persons in Great Britain and Ireland. This book 
 would doubtless have been one of the most charming in 
 
 wards, and inspected the new apartments rather closely ; 
 which induced Goldsmith to exclaim, "I shall soon be in 
 better chambers, sir, than these." "Nay, nay, sir," re 
 sponded Johnson; "never mind that: Nil te extra qucesi- 
 veris extra." Poor Goldsmith ! did he remember then the 
 miseries of Green Arbour Court, which have been so gra 
 phically described by Washington Irving in his Tales of a 
 Traveller? We shall reserve for a later page some com 
 mendatory notices of this beautiful poem. In 1765, a 
 number of his contributions .to periodicals were pub. under 
 the title of Essays by Mr. Goldsmith. Many of them had 
 
 vtuuiu UUUUW^OD u.v ~w*+ ~~~ ~ - -a j long been favourites with the public, (though their author- 
 style and inaccurate in statement, one of the most delight- gh jp was no t generally known,) had been reprinted many 
 
 * 1 _ . ? 3 ** .,,:rJ rtr , i^ +Vrt In vt rntn re**. T+ WO (. 1 1- -.11 1 _ t_ _ 1 
 
 ful companions and unsafe guides, in the language. It was 
 to be comprised in two octavo vols. of thirty-five sheets 
 each, to be paid for at the rate of three guineas a sheet, 
 and to be furnished in two years. But for Dodsley well 
 knew the habits of authors the publisher stipulated that 
 he should be subjected to no advance until the work was 
 completed. This was enough to seal its fate with Goldsmith. 
 He sent a proposition to Tonson to prepare for him a new 
 edition of the works of Pope. Tonson not always the 
 most amiable of mortals returned an impertinent answer, 
 and the disappointed author vented his indignation by 
 immediately inflicting a caning upon Tonson's unhappy 
 
 It was in 1764 that the well-known incident just referred 
 to occurred, an incident so graphically described by Dr. 
 Johnson himself, that we cannot do better than quote his 
 own language: 
 
 " I received one morning a message from poor Goldsmith that he 
 was in great distress, and, as it was not in his power to come to me, 
 begging that I would come to him as soon as possible. I sent him 
 a guinea, and promised to come to him directly. I accordingly 
 went as soon as I was dressed, and found that his landlady had 
 arrested him for his rent, at which he was in a violent passion. I 
 perceived that he had already changed my guinea, and had got a 
 bottle of madeira and a glass before him. I put the cork into the 
 bottle, desired he would be calm, and began to talk to him of the 
 means by which he might be extricated. He then told me he had 
 a novel ready for the press, which he produced to me. I looked 
 into it. and saw its merit ; told the landlady I should soon return ; 
 and, having gone to a bookseller, sold it for sixty pounds. I 
 brought Goldsmith the money, and he discharged his rent, not 
 without rating his landlady in a high tone for having used him 
 so ill." Soswdfs Life of Johnson. 
 
 On the day of the sale of The Vicar of Wakefield, the 
 Traveller received the last touches of the author. Johnson 
 had greater hopes of the success of the poem than of the 
 novel ; he read the proof-sheets, substituted here and there 
 a line of his own, (only nine verses in all,) and immedi 
 ately prepared for it a warm reception, through the medium 
 of the Critical Review, in a notice of his own composition. 
 It was published the first production which bore his 
 name December 19, 1764, and dedicated to his brother 
 Henry, to whom eighty of the last lines in it had been dis 
 patched in a letter many years before, when the author 
 was a "houseless stranger" in a foreign land. The lines 
 inserted by Johnson were the one which now stands 420th 
 in the poem, and, omitting the last couplet but one, the 
 eight concluding lines. 
 
 The success of The Traveller wa.s decided and immediate 
 among the wits, but some time elapsed before it became a 
 favourite with the public at large. Johnson pronounced 
 it " a poem to which it would not be easy to find any thing 
 equal since the days of Pope." The lexicographer read it 
 aloud to Miss Reynolds, and the lady who had recently 
 toasted Goldsmith as the ugliest man of her acquaintance 
 declared that she should never again think him ugly. 
 
 "'There is not a bad line in that poem of The Traveller,' said 
 Langton, as they sat talking at Reynolds's four years after the 
 poet's death; ' not one of Dry den's careless verses.' ' I was glad,' 
 interposed Reynolds, ' to hear Charles Fox say it was one of the 
 first poems in the English language.' 'Why was you glad?' re 
 joined Langton ; ' you surely had no doubt of this before ?' ' No,' 
 exclaimed Johnson, decisively, ' the merit of The Traveller is so 
 well established, that Mr. Fox's praise cannot augment it, nor his 
 censure diminish it.' " 
 
 Two months after its publication," the St. James's Chro 
 nicle, the leading literary paper of the time, remarked : 
 
 times, and claimed by several who had no title to them. 
 This volume paid the author a profit of twenty guineas 
 only ; it however extended his reputation, was trans, into 
 French, and is still a favourite with the public. 
 
 It was at this period, also, that he wrote the beautiful 
 ballad of Edwin and Angelina. 
 
 " Without informing any of us [at the Club] he wrote and ad 
 dressed to the Countess, afterwards Duchess of Northumberland, 
 one of the first poems of the lyric kind that our language has to 
 boast of." SIR JOHN HAWKINS. 
 
 Whether Goldsmith was really the author of a famous 
 biography which appeared in this year, of less pretensions, 
 but equal notoriety, with The Hermit, the story of Goody 
 Two Shoes, we shall not pause to discuss. 
 
 Towards the close of this year he received from Newbery 
 the respectable sum judging by his former receipts of 
 sixty guineas for A Survey of Experimental Philosophy 
 considered in its Present State of Improvement. He was 
 engaged in the completion of this work in the year of his 
 death, and it was pub. in 1776, 2 vols. 8vo. It should not 
 be forgotten that at this period he essayed for a brief 
 season to resume the practice of physic ; but the experi 
 ment proved both unprofitable and unpalatable, and was 
 soon abandoned. At last appeared, March 27, 1766, 
 eighteen months after its memorable sale to Newbery the 
 younger, the novel of The Vicar of Wakefield. The wits 
 and critics were this time behind the public in their accla 
 mations. In about two months a second edition was de 
 manded; three months later the third appeared, and the 
 sixth was pub. in the year of the author's death. This 
 charming tale will be noticed more at large on a subsequent 
 page. We have now reached a point in the literary history 
 of Goldsmith when we may be permitted to take a rapid 
 survey of the labours which employed his pen from the 
 time of the publication of the Vicar of Wakefield until 
 his death. For detailed information concerning these 
 publications and their author, we must refer the reader to 
 the sources to which every biographer of Goldsmith must 
 acknowledge his obligations the biographies of Percy, 
 Brydges, Mitford, Scott, Prior, Forster, and Irving. 
 1766 : Poems for Young Ladies, 12mo. 
 " A respectable selection of pieces, chiefly from Parnell, Pope, 
 Thomson, Addison, and Collins, with additions of less importance 
 from less eminent hands, and some of the occasional verses of liis 
 friend Robert Nugent." 
 
 For this compilation he received ten guineas ; and for 
 writing a " Short English Grammar" had but half that sum. 
 1767 : Beauties of English Poesy, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 In this selection, for which he received fifty pounds, 
 appeared two pieces, The Ladle and Hans Carvel, 
 which were not of a character to promote the general 
 circulation of the work. 
 
 1768 : The Good-Natured Man ; a Comedy, 8vo. This 
 was not successful on the stage, but sold so well that the 
 whole of the first edition was taken on the second day. 
 The author's profits on the stage and by its sale amounted 
 to about 500. 
 
 " His two admirable Comedies of ' The Good-Natured Man' and 
 ' She Stoops to Conquer' are the greenest spots in the Dramatic 
 waste of the period of which we are speaking. They are worthy 
 of the author of ' The Vicar of Wakefield.' and to praise them more 
 highly is impossible. Wit without licentiousness; Humour with 
 out extravagance; brilliant and elegant dialogue ; and forcible but 
 natural delineation of character, are the excellences with which 
 his pages are prodigally strewn." Henry Neele's Lects. on Eng 
 Dramat. Poet. 
 
GOL 
 
 "The best, as we think, of his dramatic efforts." PROF. BUTLER: 
 Gallery of lllust. Irishmen : Dubl. Univ. Mag., vii. 38. 
 
 1769 : Roman History, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Sir, it is the great excellence of a writer to put into his book 
 as much as his book will hold. Goldsmith has done this in his 
 history. . . . Goldsmith's abridgment is better than that of Lucius 
 Floras or Eutropius; and I will venture to say, that if you com 
 pare him with Vertot, in the same places of the Roman History, 
 you will find that he excels Vertot. Sir, he has the art of com 
 piling and of saying every thing he has to say in a pleasing man 
 ner." DR. JOHNSON : Boswell's Life. 
 
 " Goldsmith's Abridgements of the History of Some and England 
 may here be noticed. They are eminently well calculated to intro 
 duce youth to the knowledge of their studies ; for they exhibit the 
 most interesting and striking events, without entering into con 
 troversy or dry detail." Sir Walter Scott's Life of Goldsmith. 
 
 "Goldsmith's brief and enchanting epitome of Roman History." 
 CHANCELLOR KENT. 
 
 " Though a work written for bread, not fame, such is its ease, 
 perspicuity, good sense, and the delightful simplicity of its style, 
 that it was well received by the critics, commanded a prompt and 
 extensive sale, and has ever since remained in the hands of young 
 and old." Irving's Life of Goldsmith. 
 
 "Intended for the perusal of the young, and certainly written 
 in an interesting manner, but almost always superficial and fre 
 quently inaccurate." N. Amer. Rev. 
 
 Of the author's abridgment of his History of Rome 
 there have been edits, edited by Coxe, Davis, Dymock, 
 Pinnock, Simpson, <fcc. It was in this year that he con 
 tracted with Griffin for his Natural History, or the His 
 tory of the Earth and Animated Nature. See years 1772 
 and 1774. 
 
 1770 : Life of Dr. Parnell, prefixed to an edit, of his 
 poems pub. in this year, 8vo. 
 
 "Goldsmith's Life of Parnell is poor; not that it is poorly 
 written, but that he had poor materials; for nobody can write the 
 life of a man but those who have eat and drunk and lived in 
 social intercourse with him." DR. JOHNSON : Boswell's Life. 
 
 Life of Lord Bolingbroke, originally prefixed to his 
 Dissert, on Parties, repub. in this year, 8vo ; afterwards to 
 Bolingbroke's Works. It was in this year that Goldsmith 
 accompanied Mrs. Horneck and her two beautiful daugh 
 ters Little Comedy and the Jessamy Bride to France. 
 He was now in the height of his reputation, for two 
 months before he left London the town was thrown into 
 raptures by the publication of The Deserted Village, a 
 Poem, 4to. The 1st edit., pub. May 6, was immediately 
 exhausted, and by the 16th of August the 5th edit, was 
 pub. Previous to its publication the author received from 
 the publisher a note for the price agreed upon, one hun 
 dred guineas. A friend remarked to Goldsmith that it 
 was a great price (five shillings a couplet) for so small a 
 poem : 
 
 "In truth," said Goldsmith, "I think so too; it is much more 
 than the honest man can afford, or the piece is worth. I have 
 not been easy since I received it." 
 
 He therefore returned the note to the publisher, and 
 desired him to pay him when it should be ascertained 
 what the poem was worth. 
 
 We shall reserve the citation of opinions upon this poem 
 criticism is hardly a proper word for (with one exception) 
 unmixed and enthusiastic eulogy for a later page. 
 
 But we must here refer the reader to Prior's Life of 
 Goldsmith and Hewitt's Homes and Haunts of Eminent 
 British Poets for graphic descriptions of The Deserted 
 Village Lissoy and to the article from a London peri 
 odical, on the same attractive theme, quoted in Irving's 
 Life of Goldsmith. In the London Gentleman's Maga 
 zine for June, 1838, pp. 592, 593, will be found an inge 
 nious argument, by Mr. John Cunnington, in which it is 
 asserted that Springfield, near Chelmsford, England, (and 
 not Lissoy, in Ireland,) is entitled to the honours which 
 pertain to the far-famed Deserted Village of Goldsmith. 
 
 We must not fail to commend that beautiful volume, 
 The Deserted Village, illustrated by 80 designs by the 
 Etching Club, Lon., 1841, imp. 8vo, 5 5s.; colombier 4to, 
 5 5s.; portfolio; colombier fol., 10 10*.; proofs, 13 13s. 
 This is generally considered the chef-d'oeuvre of the Etch 
 ing Club. It is the united production of some of the most 
 eminent artists of the day, including Webster, Redgrave, 
 Creswick, Cope, J. Bell, Horsley, F. Tayler, Townsend, 
 and C. Stonehouse. 
 
 " No poem in the language perhaps holds out so many opportu 
 nities to the artist. The exquisite little gems with which it is so 
 thickly studded are all wrought out in a spirit of graceful poetry 
 worthy of the genius of GOLDSMITH, and, by the beauty and deli 
 cacy of their execution, carry us back to the ' olden time,' when 
 the greatest luminaries of Painting were also the first among the 
 ETCHERS." 
 
 1771 : The Haunch of Venison ; a Poem, 8vo. This was 
 a poetical epistle, acknowledging the receipt of a Haunch 
 of Venison from Lord Clare, with whom Goldsmith spent 
 ;. some time in the country. 
 
 " Written with no higher aim than mere pleasantry ; a more 
 
 GOL 
 
 delightful piece of humour, or a more finished piece of style, has 
 probably been seldom written." FORSTER : Life of Goldsmith. 
 
 "Some of the lines pleasantly set forth the embarrassment 
 caused by the appearance of such an aristocratic delicacy in the 
 humble kitchen of a poet, accustomed to look up to mutton as a 
 treat : 
 
 " ' Thanks, my lord, for your venison, for finer or fatter 
 Never rang'd in a forest, or smok'd in a platter.'" 
 
 WASHINGTON IRVING : Life of Goldsmith. 
 
 History of England from the earliest times to the Death 
 of George II., 1771, 4 vols. 8vo; 2cl ed., 1774, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 Abridgt., 1774, 8vo. This is an acknowledged compila 
 tion from Rapin, Carte, Smollett, and Hume, 
 
 "Each of whom," says Goldsmith, in the preface, "have their 
 admirers, in proportion as the reader is studious of political anti 
 quities, fond of minute anecdote, a warm partisan, or a deliberate 
 reasoner." 
 
 The Whigs of course detected a smack of Tory doctrine 
 in the new History, and charged the compiler with be 
 traying the liberties of the people. Goldsmith's defence 
 against the attack is very characteristic of the man, may 
 we not say characteristic of an author ? 
 
 " I had no thought for or against liberty in my head ; my whole 
 aim being to make up a book of a decent size, and which, as 
 'Squire Richard says, would do harm to nobody." Goldsmith's 
 Letter to Langton. 
 
 " The history on the whole, however, was well received ; some 
 of the critics declared that English History had never before been 
 so usefully, so elegantly and agreeably epitomized; ' and, like his 
 other historical writings,' it has kept its ground in English lite 
 rature." WASHINGTON IRVING : Life of Goldsmith. 
 
 " As a historian Goldsmith accomplishes all at which he aims. 
 He does not promise much, but he does more than he promises. 
 He takes, it is true, facts which had been already collected, but 
 he shapes them with an art that is all his own." HENRY GILES: 
 Lectures and Essays. 
 
 See Boswell's Life of Johnson for the lexicographer's 
 comparison between Robertson and Goldsmith as histo 
 rians. For this work Davies paid Goldsmith 500. Of 
 this history there have been numerous eds. and abridgts., 
 edited by Coote, Lynam, Morell, Rose, Wright, Bigland, 
 Coxe, Davis, Dymock, Kenny, Pinnock, Simpson, Stew 
 art, &c. 
 
 1772: In this year he was employed upon his History 
 of the Earth and Animated Nature, (Natural History, as 
 it is sometimes called,) for which he had contracted with 
 Griffin in 1769, 8 vols. at 100 guineas per vol. The work 
 was commenced in 1769, but not prosecuted systematically. 
 It was not finished and pub. until 1774. It was in this 
 year also that he wrote the latest of the Essays in the 
 collection which now bears that title; and at this period 
 he abridged his Roman History, and wrote portions of a 
 tale for Newbery but rejected by him, intended to be of 
 the same character as The Vicar of Wakefield. For an 
 account of the announcement in Paris of Histoire de 
 Francois Wills, see the biographies of Goldsmith. 
 
 1773: She Stoops to Conquer; or, The Mistakes of a 
 Night, 8vo. The plot of this play and the incident upon 
 which it is founded are so well known that we shall not 
 repeat them. And who can forget Richard Cumberland's 
 graphic account of the first performance and that laugh 
 ing Adam Drummond, who had almost ruined the whole 
 aS'air ? 
 
 Cumberland must tell his own story, which, whether 
 exaggerated or true to nature, is told with admirable 
 effect: 
 
 " We were not over-sanguine of success, but perfectly determined 
 to struggle hard for our author. We accordingly assembled our 
 strength at the Shakspeare Tavern, in a considerable body, for an 
 early dinner, Where Samuel Johnson took the chair at the head 
 of a long table, and was the life and soul of the corps. The poet 
 took post silently by his side, with the Burkes, Sir Joshua Rey 
 nolds, Fit/herbert, Caleb Whiteford, and a phalanx of North 
 British, predetermined applauders, under the banner of Major 
 Mills, all good men and true. Our illustrious president was in 
 inimitable glee; and poor Goldsmith that day took all his raillery 
 as patiently and complacently as my friend Boswell would have 
 done any day or every day of his life. In the mean time, we did 
 not forget our duty ; and though we had a better comedy going, 
 in which Johnson was chief actor, we betook ourselves in good 
 time to our separate and allotted posts, and waited the awful 
 drawing up of the curtain. As our stations were preconcerted, so 
 were our signals for plaudits arranged and determined upon in a 
 manner that gave every one his cue where to look for them and 
 how to follow them up. 
 
 " We had among us a very worthy and eflicient member, long 
 since lost to his friends and the world at large, Adam Drummond, 
 of amiable memory, who was gifted by nature with the most 
 sonorous and at the same time the most contagious laugh, that 
 ever echoed from the human lungs. The neighing of the horse 
 of the son of Hystaspes was a whisper to it ; the whole thunder 
 of \he theatre could not drown it. This kind and ingenuous 
 friend fairly forewarned us that he knew no more when to give 
 his fire than the cannon did that was planted on a battery. He 
 desired, therefore, to have a flapper at his elbow, and I had the 
 honour to be deputed to that office. I planted him in an upper 
 box, pretty nearly over the stage, in full view of the pit and gal- 
 
GOL 
 
 1774 : Grecian History, from the earliest State to the 
 Death of Alexander the Great, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 "A most desirable abridgment, and may be put most safely into 
 young persons' hands; combining beauty and ability, and so at 
 tractive as to hold children from their play." 
 
 "This work, although elegantly written, and highly calculated 
 to attract and interest young readers, enters into no critical dis- 
 
 t'ors was so'engrossed by his ^ person and performances, that the j cussion of dispu ted points, and is superficial and inaccurate." 
 rf thanlav seemed likely to become a secondary object, | < ; lt would be unjust to estimate Goldsmith by the History of 
 
 GOL 
 
 Iprics and perfectly well situated to give the echo all its play 
 th"ou'gh the hollows and recesses of the theatre. The success of 
 our manoeuvre was complete. All eyes were upon Jobn8on,i*ho 
 *at in a front row of a side box; and when he laughed, everybody 
 thou-ht themselves warranted to roar. In the mean time, my 
 friend followed signals with a rattle so irresistibly comic that 
 Fh en he had repeated it several times, the ^ 
 
 Qreece _ T . B . MACAULAY : see GLEIG GEORGE ROBERT. 
 
 S?^?pS3B^ bis , - - - 
 
 music without any prejudice to the author. But alas! it was now Thig WQrk hag been abridged, and many edits, have 
 
 too late to rein him in; he $"^^?^t\ *pp*arei, edited by Coxe, Dymock, Pinnock, Prince, 
 
 iokein D almost' every thing that was 'said; so that nothing in na- Simpson, Ac. 
 
 idbe .more 'malapropos than some of his bursts every now Retaliation; a Poem : including Epitaphs on the most 
 
 and 8 then were These were dangerous moments, for the pit began distinguished Wits of the Metropolis, with explanatory 
 
 to take umbrage; but we carried our point through, and triumphed Observat j ons> 4to . Reprinted with other pieces of the 
 
 not only over Column's judgment, but our own. author, 1777, 4to. A number of mock epitaphs had been 
 
 The illustrious president of this band of Goldsmith s posed on Goldsmith, and Garrick's is preserved: 
 
 IT i . 4-U-.1CI Mhuiu*Ml Vna inn nrmfmt. f\n * 
 
 friends Samuel Johnson thus records his judgment on 
 She Stoops to Conquer : 
 
 I know of no comedy for many years that has so much exhila 
 rated an audience; that has answered so much the great end of 
 nomedy, making an audience merry." 
 
 Davies remarks that the success of this piece 
 
 " Revived fancy, wit, gayety, humour, incident and character, 
 
 " Here lies poor Goldsmith, for shortness called Noll, 
 Who wrote like an angel but talk'd like Poor Poll." 
 Goldsmith was called on for Retaliation, and he took it. 
 ; ' Retaliation had the effect of placing the author on a more equal 
 footing with his society than he had ever before assumed." SIB 
 WALTER SCOTT. 
 
 The portraits of Garrick and Reynolds in this poem have 
 
 in the place of sentiment and moral preachment." excited especial admiration. 
 
 Davies is too honest to pretend that "the theatre is the History of the Earth and Animated Nature, 8 vols. 8vo. 
 school of morals," as is often foolishly asserted. Undoubt- It - s to sc j ence wna t his abridgements are to history; a book 
 
 even ordinary decency. But upon this theme we have 
 already discoursed at large in our life of Jeremy Collier, q. v. 
 
 But we had almost forgotten to cite an extract referring 
 to this comedy from a letter of Dr. Johnson to the late 
 Bishop White, for many years the venerable diocesan of 
 the Episcopal Church in the State of Pennsylvania: 
 
 - Dr. Goldsmith has a new comedy in rehearsal at Covent Gar 
 den, to which the manager [Colman] predicts ill success. I hope 
 he will be mistaken. I think it deserves a kind reception." To 
 the Rev. Mr. White, [at Philadelphia,] March 4, 1773. 
 
 And this extract very naturally reminds us of Bishop 
 (the Rev. Mr.) White's visit to Goldsmith in 1770. Many 
 a fellow-citizen of our own will thank us for the good 
 
 _. was of this work that Johnson threw out the remark 
 which he after wards interwove in his friend's epitaph, ' He is now 
 writing a Natural History, and will make it as agreeable as a Per 
 sian tale.' " SIR WALTER SCOTT. 
 
 ** I remember him, when, in his chamber in the Temple, he showed 
 the beginning of his Animated Nature, it was with a si^h, such as 
 genius draws when hard necessity diverts it from its bent to drudge 
 for bread, and talk of birds and beasts and creeping things, which 
 Piddock's showman would have done as well. Poor fellow! he 
 hardly knew an ass from a mule, nor a turkey from a goose, but 
 when he saw it on the table. But publishers hate poetry, and 
 Paternoster Row is not Parnassus." Richard Cumberland's Me 
 moirs. 
 
 " The descriptions and definitions are often loose and inaccurate, 
 and the chief defect of the work arises from its being a mere coin- 
 
 .... , , i| i and llJtJ Clliei UtJICUl/ VI IliC wirv ti i.-ta 11 p *-'"0 " * 
 
 Bishop's account of this memorable visit; and we snail not pilat i on f,. om books. It has therefore none of the freshness of 
 withhold it: I personal observation; nothing which awakens the curiosity and 
 
 inspires the confidence of the reader, as in the delightful pages of 
 
 withhc 
 
 " We lodged, for some time, near to one another, in Brick Court, 
 of the Temple. I had it intimated to him, by an acquaintance of 
 both, that I wished for the pleasure of making him a visit. It 
 ensued ; and in our conversation it took a turn which excited in 
 me a painful sensation, from the circumstance that a man of such 
 a genius should write for bread. His ' Deserted Village' came 
 under notice; and some remarks were made by us on the principle 
 of it the decay of the peasantry. He said, that were he to write 
 a pamphlet on the subject, he could prove the point incontro- 
 vertibly. On his being asked why he did not set his mind to this, 
 his answer was : ' It is not worth my while. A good poem will 
 bring me one hundred guineas; but the pamphlet would bring 
 me nothing.' This was a short time before my leaving of Eng 
 land, and 1 saw the Doctor no more." 
 
 We need hardly say that the Bishop's reminiscences of 
 Johnson are also exceedingly interesting. 
 
 But our readers will fear that we have entirely lost 
 sight of She Stoops to Conquer: 
 
 "The dramatic powers of Goldsmith for a restricted space 
 warns us to leave a too seductive topic were not perhaps of the 
 very highest order. Yet his plays are a valuable accession to our 
 stage literature. They do not fall below Cumberland or Cibber in 
 plot or character, while they surpass the former in liveliness of 
 humour, and the latter in preservation of decorum." PROF. BUT 
 LER : Gallery of lUust. Irishmen, Dubl. Univ. Mag., vii. 47. 
 
 " The plot turns on what may be termed a farcical incident two 
 parties mistaking a gentleman's house for an inn. But the ex 
 cellent discrimination of character, and the humour and vivacity 
 of the dialogue throughout the play, render this piece one of the 
 richest contributions which have been made to modern comedy. 
 The native pleasantry and originality of Goldsmith were never 
 more happily displayed." 
 
 " As a dramatist, Goldsmith is amusing; and if to excite laugh 
 
 White, Montague, or Rennie." JOHN MITFORD : Life, of Goldsmith. 
 Yet Mr. Mitford commends the work highly for the 
 beauty of its style and justness of the occasional reflec 
 tions with which its pages are interspersed. Another 
 biographer, whilst freely admitting the defects of this 
 work, remarks : 
 
 " There are yet many passages of exquisite country observation in 
 it ; and not a few in which the grace of diction, the choice of perfect 
 and finely-finished imagery, and an elegant clearness and beauty 
 in the tone of reflection, may compare with his best original com 
 positions, in poetry or prose." JOHN FORSTER : Life of Goldsmith. 
 "Goldsmith composed this work out of Buffon and others, in a 
 manner both amusing and instructive, although the scientific 
 acquirements of the author were not sufficient to guard him 
 against numerous errors." 
 
 "He died in the midst of a triumphant course. Every year 
 that he lived would have added to his reputation. There is assu 
 redly no symptom of decadence in the picturesque pages of his last 
 work, the History of Animated Nature : a book which, not pos 
 sessing indeed the character of authority only to be granted to 
 faithful reports of personal observation, is yet unequalled for clear 
 ness of expression, and all the charms of a most graceful style. 
 Northcote tell us that he had just begun a novel before his death ; 
 and a second Vicar of Wakefield may have been buried in the tomb 
 of Goldsmith." PROF. BUTLER : Gallery of lllust. Irishmen : Gold 
 smith : Dubl. Univ. Mug., vii. 53. 
 
 Of the Animated Nature, the 2d edit, was pub. in 1779, 
 8 vols. Svo. New edit., 1791, 8 vols. 12mo ; 1804, 4 vols. 
 Svo ; 1806, 6 vols. Svo. With corrects, and addits. by W. 
 Turton, M.D., 1816, 6 vols. Svo. Natural History of Birds 
 
 , and Beasts abridged, 1807, 12mo; 1807, Svo; 1838, 4 vols. 
 
 ter be, as Johnson asserts it is, the chief end of comedy, Goldsmith 24mo . 1850> 2 vols. r. Svo ; 1850, 18mo. Other eds. 
 are*oddiL ^ The last quotation will have prepared the reader for the 
 
 contrivance which belongs to highest art ; but they have all those closing scenes of Goldsmith s lite. He was at the fcclgeware 
 
 ingenious accidents that are notable for stage effect. They are, Cottage when he put the last touches to his Animated Na- 
 
 in fact, deficient in that insight which pertains only to great dra- ture and here also he was completing the Grecian History, 
 
 matic genius Both of them [The Good-Natured Man and She mak j ne another Abridgment of English History for schools, 
 
 Stoops to Conquer] abound in drollery and strong touches of na- MSX-^ZZSrSS! T^!< ; e i fnr .Tnn 
 
 ... _ . strong 
 
 ture; but they do not give the author an exalted position among 
 dramatists, and they do not promise that he could have reached 
 it." HENRY GILES : Lectures and Essays. 
 
 See,also the criticisms under the head of The Good- 
 Natured Man, year 1768. She Stoops to Conquer pro 
 duced to the happy author a clear profit of no less than 
 800. In this year he projected the compilation of a 
 Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, which was never exe 
 cuted. Cradock tells us that Goldsmith's Introduction to 
 it was excellent. 
 692 
 
 translating Scarron's Comic Romance, revising for James 
 Dodsley (for the sum of five guineas) a new edit, of his 
 Inquiry into Polite Learning, finishing his Survey of Ex 
 perimental Philosophy, and writing his poem of Retaliation. 
 In the middle of March he arrived in London, labouring 
 under severe indisposition produced by sedentary habits, 
 and " continual vexation of mind, arising from his involved 
 circumstances." On the afternoon of the 25th he took to 
 his bed; but, instead of following judicious counsel, per 
 sisted, against the advice of his physician, in swallowing 
 
GOL 
 
 large doses of James's Powders, which greatly aggravated 
 his disorder. "Towards the last it occurred to Doctor 
 Turton to put a very pregnant question to his patient 
 ' Your pulse,' he said, ' is in greater disorder than it should 
 be, from the degree of fever which you have. Is your 
 mind at ease ?' ' No, it is not/ was Goldsmith's melancholy 
 answer. They are the last words we are to hear him utter 
 in this world." 
 
 And now that death had forever removed from his 
 familiar haunts this simple-hearted, affectionate man, now 
 that those who had rudely sported with his harmless 
 eccentricities, and often made him the "butt of their 
 clumsy ridicule," felt that they should see his face no 
 more forever, there was unaffected grief, and hearty, per 
 chance profitable, contrition. Nor did such alone mourn 
 him : the glory of his age and of the English nation, the 
 most illustrious statesman and orator of his day, burst 
 into tears when he heard the sad news. The messenger 
 of death found Sir Joshua Reynolds in that studio from 
 whence had emanated so many exquisite conceptions of 
 the painter's genius : but the mournful tidings took his 
 heart from his work ; he felt that his " hand had lost its 
 cunning," laid by his pencil " which in times of great 
 family distress" he had not been known to do and left the 
 room for the day. 
 
 And there were mourners, too, of a different rank of life 
 indeed, but those whose lamentations were as sincere, and 
 their grief as heartfelt; those in whose sorrow for their 
 departed benefactor there is in our eyes a value of no ordi 
 nary worth, as in their prayers for the living there is a 
 peculiar benediction. When the poor and the needy, the 
 outcast and the forsaken, the "ruined spendthrift" and 
 the " aged beggar," heard that he who had out of his own 
 poverty ministered to their necessities should greet them 
 no more with the voice of kindness and the word and deed 
 of consolation and relief, they forgot the awful distance 
 which ordinarily excluded them from the presence of the 
 great, and crowded their way to his humble lodgings, re 
 gardless of the presence of fashionable friends who had 
 come to take their " last look at poor Goldsmith." 
 
 " On the stairs of his apartment there was the lamentation of 
 the old and infirm, and the sobbing of women ; poor objects of his 
 charity, to whom he had never turned a deaf ear, even when 
 
 struggling himself with poverty Mourners without a home, 
 
 without domesticity of any kind, with no friend but him they had 
 come to weep for ; outcasts of that great, solitary, wicked city, to 
 whom he had never forgotten to be kind and charitable." 
 
 And the beautiful Jessamy Bride, whom perhaps poor 
 Goldsmith loved more than he ever loved any other 
 woman, whose image was associated with his happiest 
 days on earth, she was not absent at this hour; the coffin 
 was opened at her request; and she bore away a lock of 
 his hair, which "she treasured to her dying day." 
 
 " ' I was abroad at the time of his death.' writes Dr. McDonnell, 
 a youth whom when in distress he had employed as an amanuen 
 sis, 'and I wept bitterly when the intelligence first reached me 
 A blank came over my heart as if I had lost one of my nearest rela 
 tives, and was followed for some days by a feeling of despondency.' ' 
 "'Of poor dear Goldsmith,' writes Johnson, three months after 
 the event, ' there is little to be told more than the papers have 
 made public. He died of a fever, made, I am afraid, more violem 
 by uneasiness of mind. His debts began to be heavy, and all his 
 resources were exhausted. Sir Joshua is of opinion that he owec 
 not less than two thousand pounds. Was ever poet so trustee 
 before?'" 
 
 The unhappy state of his affairs, thus alluded to, pre 
 vented that pompous funeral with which his friends pro 
 posed to testify their admiration of his genius and regre 
 for his loss. 
 
 He was privately interred in the burial-ground of th< 
 Temple Church ; but his monument in Westminster Abbey 
 dignified by the celebrated epitaph of Johnson, and no 
 unworthy of the pen of the disciple of Sir Thomas Browne 
 arrests the steps of the contemplative stranger as he lin 
 gers in the aisles of the departed great. To that epitaph 
 who would not be willing to add the emphatic testimony 
 of its author to the genius of its subject? "Let not hi 
 faults be remembered : he was a very great man." 
 
 And now, in the calm review of the chequered life of the 
 author of the Traveller and the Deserted Village, his happj 
 childhood, his youth of suffering, his manhood of alternati 
 triumphs and mortifications, his last days of embarrass 
 ment and trial, and his lonely death among strangers, un 
 attended by one friend of his early years, who can refusi 
 the tribute of a tear to the touching lines in which thi 
 stranger and pilgrim on the earth had breathed out hi 
 earnest desire to die amidst the scenes of his childhood ? 
 " In all my wand'rings round this world of care, 
 In all my griefs and God has giv'n my share 
 I still had hopes my latest hours to crown, 
 Amidst these humble bow'rs to lay me down ; 
 
 GOL 
 
 To husband out life's taper at the close, 
 And keep the flame from wasting, by repose : 
 I still had hopes, for pride attends us still, 
 Amidst the swains to show my book-learn'd skill, 
 Around my fire an ev'ning group to draw, 
 And tell of all I felt, and all I saw ; 
 And, as a hare whom hounds and horns pursue 
 Pants to the place from whence at first she flew, 
 I still had hopes, my long vexations past, 
 Here to return and die at home at last 1" 
 We still have much to tell of Goldsmith, many illus- 
 rations of his eccentricities, many anecdotes of his sim 
 plicity ; many evidences of his benevolence of heart ; but 
 we have already extended his biography until, like Robin 
 in the churchyard, we are afraid to look behind us, and 
 compute the space. But let those who would find fault 
 with us for dwelling so long on Oliver Goldsmith turn at 
 once to the political economy, the commerce, the meta 
 physics, of our volume. They are not at home here : to 
 quote Dr. Johnson's character of his Lichfield friend, their 
 " talk is of bullocks." And, now that we have banished 
 from our little company those who cannot sympathize with 
 the enthusiasm of which we are not ashamed and for which 
 therefore we offer no excuse, let us return to the contempla 
 tion of a character which we cannot but warmly love, even 
 whilst unable at all times to commend. 
 
 The faults of Goldsmith, like the faults of other men, are 
 neither to be denied nor excused. His improvidence, his 
 fondness for games of chance, and his want of high moral 
 and religious tone, are deeply to be deplored ; but that 
 genuine and ever-flowing benevolence of heart which few 
 have equalled, and perhaps none excelled, calls for our 
 unmixed admiration and hearty esteem. Of this amiable 
 trait we could produce many instances; taking the blankets 
 from his own bed to cover a poor woman and her helpless 
 children; leaving a gay party in the midst of his amuse 
 ments, or his bed in the dead of night to relieve a poor 
 creature in the street ; pouring out his hard-earned pro 
 fits like water to supply destitute authors with the comforts 
 of life ; spending the wages of an usher's servitude in gin 
 gerbread for the children and alms for those who lacked 
 bread ; but we must be content with the touching narra 
 tive of one scene, which George Colman has himself told 
 so well that we shall not attempt to tell it for him : 
 
 " I was only five years old when Goldsmith took me on his knee, 
 while he was drinking coffee, one evening, with my father, and 
 began to play with me ; which amiable act I returned with th 
 ingratitude of a peevish brat, by giving him a very smart slap oc 
 the face : it must have been a tingler, for it left the marks of mj 
 little spiteful paw upon his cheek. This infantile outrage was 
 followed by summary justice, and I was locked up by my indig 
 nant father in an adjoining room, to undergo solitary imprison 
 ment in the dark. Here I began to howl and scream mosl 
 abominably; which was no bad step towards liberation, since 
 those who were not inclined to pity me might be likely to set nu 
 free, for the purpose of abating a nuisance. 
 
 "At length a generous friend appeared to extricate me fron 
 jeopardy, and that generous friend was no other than the man ] 
 had so wantonly molested by assault and battery, it was th< 
 tender-hearted doctor himself, with a lighted candle in his hand 
 and a smile upon his countenance, which was still partially ree 
 from the effects of my petulance. I sulked and sobbed, and hi 
 fondled and soothed, till I began to brighten. Goldsmith, wh< 
 in regard to children was like the Village Preacher he has s< 
 beautifully described, for 
 
 ' Their welfare pleased him, and their cares distressed,' 
 seized the propitious moment of returning good-humour; so hi 
 put down the candle and began to conjure. He placed three hats 
 which happened to be in the room, upon the carpet, and a shillinj 
 under each : the shillings, he told me, were England, France, an< 
 Spain. 'Hey, presto, cockoloruui!' cried the doctor, and, lo! or 
 uncovering the shillings which had been dispersed, each beneat! 
 a separate hat, they were all found congregated under one. I wa 
 no politician at five years old, and, therefore, might not hav 
 wondered at the sudden revolution which brought England 
 France, and Spain, all under one crown ; but, as I was also n 
 conjurer, it amazed me beyond measure. Astonishment migh 
 have amounted to awe for one who appeared to me gifted with th 
 power of performing miracles, if the good-nature of the man ha< 
 not obviated my dread of the magician ; but, from that tim 
 whenever the doctor came to visit my father, 
 
 ' I pluck'd his gown to share the good man's smile ;' 
 a game at romps constantly ensued, and wo were always cordia 
 friends and merry playfellows. Our unequal companions!)] 
 varied somewhat in point of sports as I grew older, but it did no 
 last long; my senior playmate died, alas! in his forty-fifth yeai 
 some months after I had attained my eleventh. His death, it ha 
 been thought, was hastened by 'mental inquietude.' If thi 
 supposition be true, never did the turmoils of life subdue a mini 
 more warm with sympathy for the misfortunes of our fellow-crea 
 tures. But his character is familiar to every one who reads : ii 
 all the numerous accounts of his virtues and foibles, his geniu 
 and absurdities, his knowledge of nature and his ignorance of th 
 world, his 'compassion for another's woe' was always predomi 
 nant; and my trivial story of his humouring a froward chili 
 weighs but a feather in the recorded scale of his benevolence." 
 We should hardly feel that our duty as a biographe: 
 
GOL 
 
 GOL 
 
 was entirely fulfilled did we omit to allude rather more 
 fully than we have yet done to poor Goldsmith's ineffectual 
 efforts to shine as a star of the first magnitude in that 
 brilliant galaxy of conversationists which could at the 
 same moment boast of a Johnson, a Burke, a Reynolds, a 
 Beauclerc, and a Langton. Many amusing anecdotes of 
 Goldsmith's colloquial essays not always unrewarded 
 with success will be found in Boswell's Life of Johnson, 
 and in other works which shall be cited before we con 
 clude our notice. 
 
 " Of our friend Goldsmith he [Johnson] said, ' Sir. he is so much 
 afraid of being unnoticed, that he often talks merely lest you 
 should forget that he is in the company.' BOSWELL: 'Yes, he 
 stands forward.' JOHNSON : ' True, sir. but if a man is to stand 
 forward, he should wish to do it not in an awkward posture, not 
 in rags, not so as that he shall be exposed to ridicule.' BOSWELL : 
 'For my part, I like very well to hear honest Goldsmith talk 
 away carelessly.' JOHNSON: 'Why, yes, sir, but he should not 
 like to hear himself. The misfortune of Goldsmith's conversa 
 tion is this: he goes on without knowing how he is to get oif. 
 His genius is great, but his knowledge is small. As they say of a 
 generous man, it is a pity he is not rich, we may say of Goldsmith, 
 it is a pity he is not knowing. He would not keep his knowledge 
 to himself. . . . Sir, he knows nothing, he has made up his mind 
 about nothing. . . . No man was more foolish when he had not a 
 pen in his hand, or more wise when he had. . . . Goldsmith 
 should not be forever attempting to shine in conversation : he has 
 not temper for it, he is so much mortified when he fails. Sir, a 
 game of jokes is composed partly of skill, partly of chance, as a 
 man may be beat at times by one who has not the tenth part of 
 his wit. Now Goldsmith's putting himself against another, is 
 like a man laying a hundred to one who cannot spare the hun 
 dred. It is not worth a man's while.' " 
 
 Boswell gives us a characteristic illustration of the 
 candid manner in which Goldsmith would let the company 
 know what was passing in his mind : 
 
 "Goldsmith, in his diverting simplicity, complained one day, 
 in a mixed company, of Lord Camden : ' I met him,' said he, ' at 
 Lord Clare's house in the country, and he took no more notice of 
 me than if I had been an ordinary man.' " 
 
 The laugh which Burke raised at his expense on the occa- 
 tion of the visit of some foreign ladies to London is an 
 other proof that the popular poet, the charming novelist, 
 the successful dramatist, and the witty essayist, was not 
 disposed to underrate his claims to public admiration. 
 
 It is natural to wish to know something of the personal 
 appearance and social manners of those in whose works 
 or character we take an interest : 
 
 "In person," says Judge Day, " he was short, about five feet five 
 or six inches ; strong, but not heavy, in make: rather fair in com 
 plexion, with brown hair; such, at least, as could be distinguished 
 from his wig. His features were plain, but not repulsive, cer 
 tainly not so when lighted up by conversation. His manners 
 were simple, natural, and perhaps on the whole, we may say. not 
 polished; at least without the refinement and pood breeding 
 which the exquisite polish of his compositions would lead us to 
 expect He was always cheerful and animated, often, indeed, 
 boisterous in his mirth ; entered with spirit into convivial society ; 
 contributed largely to its enjoyments by solidity of information, 
 and the naivete and originality of his character; talked often 
 without premeditation, and laughed loudly without restraint." 
 
 But we promised to gratify the reader with the citations 
 of some opinions, in addition to the many which we have 
 already recorded, respecting the merits of several of Gold 
 smith's most admired works, and his general characteristics 
 as a writer. This promise it now becomes us to fulfil. 
 
 THE VICAR OP WAKEFIELD : 
 
 " Now Herder came, and together with his great knowledge 
 brought many other aids, and the later publications besides. 
 Among these he announced to us the ' Vicar of Wakefield' as an 
 excellent work, with the German translation of which he would 
 make us acquainted by reading it aloud to us himself. . . . The 
 delineation of this character [that of the ' excellent Wakefield'] 
 on bis course of life through joys and sorrows, the ever-increasing 
 interest df the story, by the combination of the entirely natural 
 with the strange and the singular, make this novel one of the 
 best which has ever been written. ... I may suppose that my 
 readers know this work, and have it in memory ; whoever hears 
 it named for the first time here, as well as he who is induced to 
 
 The great German dwells at length upon the merits of 
 the work, but we must be content with our brief quota 
 tion. He 
 
 " Declared in his eighty-first year that it was his delight at the 
 age of twenty, that it had m a manner formed a part of his educa 
 tion influencing his taste and feelings throughout life and that 
 he had recently read it again f r0 m beginning to end with r*> 
 newed L delight, and with a grateful sen* of the early benefit <E 
 nved iroin IT. 
 
 This testimony will remind the reader of the eloquent 
 tribute of the Great Magician of the North : 
 
 " The admirable ease and grace of the narrative as well as th ft 
 pleasing truth with which the principal characters are designed 
 make the Vicar of Wakefield one of the most delicious morsels of 
 fictitious composition on which the human mind was ever em 
 ployed. ... We read the Vicar of Wakffidd in youth and in atre 
 we return to it again and again, and bless the memory of an 
 
 author who contrives so well to reconcile us to human nature " 
 
 SIR WALTLR SCOTT : Life of Goldsmith. 
 
 " The humanity of the Vicar of Wakefield is less deep than that 
 of Roderick Random, but sweeter tinges of fancy are cast over it. 
 The sphere in which Goldsmith's power moved was never very ex 
 tensive, but within it he discovered all that was good, and shed 
 on it the tenderest lights of his sympathizing genius. No one 
 ever excelled so much as he in depicting amiable follies and en 
 dearing weaknesses. His satire makes us at once smile at and 
 love all that he so tenderly ridicules. The good Vicar's trust in 
 Monogamy, his son's purchase of the spectacles, his own sale of 
 his horse to his solemn admirer at the fair, the blameless vanities 
 of his daughters, aud his resignation under his accumulated sor 
 rows, are among the best treasures of memory. The pastoral 
 scenes in this exquisite tale are the sweetest in the world. The 
 scents of the hay-field and of the blossoming hedge-rows seem to 
 come freshly to our senses. The whole romance is a tenderly- 
 coloured picture, in little, of human nature's most genial quali 
 ties." SIR T. N. TALFOURD : MisedL Writings. 
 
 " It is needless to expatiate upon the qualities of a work which 
 has thus passed from country to country, and language to lan 
 guage, until it is now known throughout the whole reading 
 world, and is become a household book in every land. The secret 
 of its universal and enduring popularity is undoubtedly its truth 
 to nature, but to nature of the most amiable kind ; to nature such 
 as Goldsmith saw it. ... Rogers, the Nestor of British literature, 
 whose refined purity of taste and exquisite mental organization 
 rendered him eminently calculated to appreciate a work of the 
 kind, declared that of all the books, which, through the fitful 
 changes of three generations he had seen rise and fall, the charm 
 of the Vicar of Wakefield had alone continued as at first ; and 
 could he revisit the world after an interval of many more genera 
 tions, he should as surely look to find it undiminished." WASH 
 INGTON IRVING : Life of Goldsmith. 
 
 We give some opinions from other biographers and ad 
 mirers of Goldsmith : 
 
 "Fortunately he had just finished his delightful history of the 
 Vicar of Wakefield; a tale which, if I may without presumption 
 speak my own opinion, I should for sweetness and simplicity of 
 style, truth of circumstance, adherence to nature, easy change of 
 incident, bright and clear delineation of character, apart from all 
 violent exaggeration, and command at once of the humourous and 
 pathetic, place among the very foremost productions of fiction. It 
 has the truth of Richardson without his minuteness, and the 
 humour of Fielding without his grossness : if it yields to Le Sage 
 in the diversified variety of his views of life, it far excels him in 
 the description of the domestic virtues, and the pleasing moral 
 of the tale." REV. JOHN MITFORD : Life of Goldsmith. 
 
 " With its ease of style, its turns of thought so whimsical yet 
 wise, and the humour and wit which sparkle freshly through its 
 narrative, we have all of us profitably amused the idle or the 
 vacant hour; from year to year we have had its tender or mirthful 
 incidents, its forms so homely in their beauty, its pathos and its 
 comedy, given back to us from the canvas of our Wilkes, Newtons, 
 and Stothards, our Leslies, Maclises. and Mulreadys; but not in 
 those graces of style, or even in that home cherished gallery of 
 familiar faces, can the secret of its extraordinary fascination be 
 said to consist. It lies nearer the heart. A something which has 
 found its way there; which, while it amused, has made us hap 
 pier; which, gently inweaving itself with our habits of thought, 
 has increased our good-humour and charity; which, insensibly it 
 may be. has corrected wilful impatiences of temper, and made the 
 world's daily accidents easier and kinder to us all: somewhat 
 thus should be expressed. I think, the charm of the Vicar of 
 Wal-efidd:'3oHy FORSTER : Life of Goldsmith 
 
 " His Vicar of Wakefield has charmed all Europe. What reader 
 is there in the civilized world who is not the better for the story 
 of the washes which the worthy Dr. Primrose demolished so de 
 liberately with the poker for the knowledge of the guinea which 
 the Miss Primroses kept unchanged in their pockets. the adven 
 ture of the picture of the Vicar's family, which could not be got 
 into the house, and that of the Flamborough family, all painted 
 with oranges in their hands, or for the story of the case of 
 shagreen spectacles and the cosmogony?" HAZLITT: Lectures on 
 the English Pods. 
 
 "Look ye now, for one moment, at the deep and delicate hu 
 mour of Goldsmith. How at his touch the venial infirmities and 
 vanity of this good Vicar of Wakefield live lovingly before the 
 mind's eye ! How we sympathize with poor Moses in that deep 
 trade of his for the green spectacles! How all our good wishes 
 for aspiring rusticity thrill for the showman who would let his 
 bear dance only to the genteelest tunes!" WHIFFLE : Lectures- 
 Wit and Humour. 
 
 THE TRAVELLER; A POEM: 
 
 "We talked of Goldsmith's Traveller, of which Dr. Johnson 
 spoke highly ; and while I was helping him on with his great 
 coat, he repeated from it the character of the British nation, 
 which he did with such energy that the tear started into his eye : 
 " ' Stern o'er each bosom reason holds her state, 
 With daring aims irregularly great, 
 Pride in their port, defiance in their eye, , ,. 
 
 I see the lords of human kind pass by, 
 Intent on high designs, a thoughtful band, 
 By forms unfashion'd, fresh from nature's hand; 
 Fierce in their native hardiness of soul, 
 True to imagined right, above controul, 
 While even the peasant boasts these rights to scan, 
 And learns to venerate himself as man.' " 
 
 BoswelVs Life of Johnson. 
 
 Here we have epigrammatic terseness indeed; but the 
 character of a nation of a very different complexion is 
 even still more concisely expressed : 
 
 "There is, perhaps, no couplet in English rhyme more per- 
 spicuously condensed than these two lines of The Traveller, in 
 
GOL 
 
 GOL 
 
 which the author describes the at once flattering, vain, and happy 
 character of the French. 
 
 [' They please, are pleased, they give to get esteem, 
 Till, seeming blest, they grow to what they seem.']" 
 
 THOMAS CAMPBELL. 
 
 "The Traveller is indeed a very finished and a very noble poem. 
 The sentiments are always interesting, generally just, and often 
 new ; the imagery is elegant, picturesque, and occasionally sub 
 lime ; the language is nervous, highly finished, and full of har 
 mony." SIR S. EGERTON BRYDGES : Life of Goldsmith in Centura 
 Literaria. 
 
 " In The Traveller Goldsmith has expressed, in verse of un 
 equalled grace, the philosophy of man and of society which in 
 other forms pervades his entire writings. The doctrine he dis 
 closes in this poetical survey is the basis of all that strain of 
 universal tolerance and moderation which constituted the whole 
 extent of his political and moral views. And doubtless it is no 
 bad philosophy. . . . However the philosophy of The Traveller 
 may be praised or censured, there is, we presume, little dispute 
 about the poetry. There has seldom been so much lively and 
 varied description comprised in so small a space, and ornamented 
 with moral associations so touching and true." PROF. BUTLER: 
 Gallery of lllust. Irish-men : Dubl. Univ. Mag., vii. 51, 52. 
 
 "The Traveller has the most ambitious aim of Goldsmith's 
 poetical compositions. The author, placed on a height of the 
 Alps, muses and moralizes on the countries around him. His 
 object, it appears, is to show the equality of happiness which con 
 sists with diversities of circumstances and situations. The poem 
 is, therefore, mainly didactic. Description and reflection are sub 
 servient to an ethical purpose, and this purpose is never left out 
 of sight. The descriptive passages are all vivid, but some of them 
 are imperfect. Italy, for instance, in its prominent aspects, is 
 boldly sketched. We are transported to the midst of its moun 
 tains, woods, and temples ; we are under its sunny skies, we are 
 embosomed in its fruits and flowers, we breathe its fragrant air, 
 and we are charmed by its matchless landscapes; but we miss 
 the influence of its arts, and the solemn impression of its former 
 grandeur. We are made to survey a nation in degeneracy and 
 decay ; but we are not relieved by the glow of Raffael, or excited 
 by the might of the Coliseum." HENRY GJLES : Lectures and Es 
 says: Oliver Goldsmith. 
 
 THE DESERTED VILLAGE ; A POEM : 
 
 "The Deserted Village has an endearing locality, and introduces 
 us to beings with whom the imagination contracts an intimate 
 friendship. Fiction in poetry is not the reverse of truth, but her 
 soft and enchanted resemblance; and this ideal beauty of nature 
 has been seldom united with so much sober fidelity as in the 
 groups and scenery of the Deserted Village." THOMAS CAMPBELL. 
 
 " The Deserted Village is a poem far inferior to The Traveller, 
 though it contains many beautiful passages. I do not enter into 
 its pretensions to skill in political economy, though, in that respect, 
 it contains a strange mixture of important truths. My business 
 is with the poetry. Its inferiority to its predecessor [The Traveller] 
 arises from its comparative want of compression* as well as of force 
 and novelty of imagery. Its tone of melancholy is more sickly, 
 and some of the descriptions which have been most praised are 
 marked by all the poverty and flatness, and indeed are peopled 
 with the sort of comic and grotesque figures, of a Flemish land 
 scape." SIR S. EGERTON BRYDGES : Life of Goldsmith in Censura 
 Literaria, 
 
 Read this remarkable piece of criticism, that on The 
 Deserted Village, with which we imagine few readers will 
 concur. 
 
 "Goethe tells the transport with which the circle he now lived 
 in hailed it, when they found themselves once more as in another 
 beloved Wakefield; and with what zeal he at once set to work to 
 translate it into German. One tribute he did not hear, and was 
 never conscious of; yet from truer heart or finer genius he had 
 none, and none that should have given him greater pride. Gray 
 was passing the summer at Malvern (the last summer of his life) 
 with his friend Nicholls, when the poem came out; and he desired 
 Nicholls to read it aloud to him. He listened to it with fixed ai> 
 teution from the beginning to the end, and then exclaimed, l Tkat 
 man is a poet.' . . . All the characteristics of the first poem [The 
 Traveller] seem to me developed in the second; with as chaste 
 simplicity, with as choice selectness of natural expression, in verse 
 of as musical cadence; but with yet greater earnestness of pur 
 pose, and a far more human interest. . . . Within the circle of its 
 claims and pretensions, a more entirely satisfactory delightful poem 
 than the Deserted Village was probably never written. It lingers 
 in the memory where once it has entered; and such is the soften 
 ing influence (on the heart even more than the understanding) of 
 the mild, tender, yet clear light which makes its images so distinct 
 and lovely, that there are few who have not wished to rate it higher 
 than poetry of yet higher genius. ' What true and pretty pastoral 
 images,' exclaimed Burke, years after the poet's death, ' has Gold 
 smith in his Deserted Village! They beat all : Pope and Phillips, 
 and Spenser too, in my opinion.' "JOHN FORSTER : Life of Goldsmith. 
 
 "As we do not pretend in this summary memoir to go into a 
 criticism or analysis of any of Goldsmith's writings, we shall not 
 dwell upon the peculiar merits of this poem; we cannot help no 
 ticing, however, how truly it is a mirror of the author's heart, and 
 of all the fond pictures of early friends and early life forever present 
 there. It seems to us as if the very last accounts received from 
 home, of his ' shattered family,' and the desolation that seemed to 
 have settled upon the haunts of his childhood, had cut to the roots 
 one fondly-cherished hope, and produced the following exquisitely 
 tender and mournful lines: 
 
 "'In all my wand'rings round this world of care, 
 In all my griefs and God has giv'n my share' 
 
 [Quotation continued to and including the line " Here to return 
 and die at home at last."] 
 
 " How touchingly expressive are the succeeding lines, wrung 
 from a heart which all the trials and temptations and buffetings 
 
 of the world could not render worldly; which, amid a thousand 
 follies and errors of the head, still retained its childlike innocence; 
 and which, doomed to struggle on to the last amidst the din and 
 turmoil of the metropolis, had ever been cheating itself with a 
 dream of rural quiet and seclusion : 
 
 "'Oh bless'd retirement! friend to life's decline, 
 Retreats from care that never must be mine.' " 
 
 [Quotation continued to and including the line " His heaven 
 commences ere the world be past."] 
 
 WASHINGTON IRVING : Life of Goldsmith. 
 
 " Yet even the Traveller had not shewn the perfection which 
 Goldsmith's genius was capable of attaining. It remained for him 
 still to present to his countrymen a poem which contains a more 
 accurate portraiture of nature in one of its sweetest phases, a more 
 profound pathos, and a more exquisite selection of affecting images 
 than any production of its class in this or in any other language." 
 PROF. BUTLER: Gattery of Must. Irishmen; Goldsmith: Dubl. 
 Univ. Mag., vii. 52. 
 
 THE CITIZEN OF THE WORLD; OR, LETTERS OP A CHINESE 
 PHILOSOPHER. 
 
 " Goldsmith's Citizen of the World, like all his works, bears the 
 stamp of the author's mind. It does not ' go about to cozen repu 
 tation without the stamp of merit.' He is more observing, more 
 original, more natural and picturesque than Johnson. His work 
 is written on the model of the Persian Letters, and contrives to 
 give an abstracted and somewhat perplexing view of things, by 
 opposing foreign prepossessions to our own, and thus stripping 
 objects of their customary disguises. Whether truth is elicited in 
 this collision of contrary absurdities, I do not know ; but I confess 
 the process is too ambiguous and full of intricacy to be very amus 
 ing to my plain understanding. For light summer reading it is like 
 walking through a garden full of traps and pitfalls. . . . Beau Tibbs, 
 a prominent character in this little work, is the best comic sketch 
 since the time of Addison ; unrivalled in his fancy, his vanity, 
 and his poverty." HAZLITT: On the Periodical Essayists. 
 
 " If in any of his writings Goldsmith could be truly said to have 
 echoed the measured tone of Johnson, it was probably in his most 
 varied and agreeable Citizen of the World ; a work written at a 
 period when his genius was scarcely yet independent enough to 
 allow of abjuring allegiance to the reigning powers of literature. 
 Yet even here an imitation is but sometimes perceptible, and when 
 ever it occurred was, perhaps, only the involuntary work of the 
 ear taking up the rich and elaborate harmony which it was most 
 accustomed to hear, and which, in those days, was seldom heard 
 unaccompanied by unqualified manifestations of almost rapturous 
 applause. ... Of that gay and sparkling facetiousness which he 
 himself was wont to admire so highly in other writers, the instances 
 in this collection are innumerable." PROF. BUTLER: Gallery of 
 lllust. Irishmen : Goldsmith : Dubl. Univ. Mag., vii. 44, 45. 
 
 Having thus given copious quotations from eminent 
 authorities respecting the best-known of the productions 
 of Goldsmith, we imagine that the reader will not be dis 
 pleased if we enlarge our article by citing opinions on the 
 general characteristics of an author so justly distinguished 
 and so general a favourite. 
 
 " A man of such variety of powers, and such felicity of per 
 formance, that he always seemed to do best that which he was 
 doing; a man who had the art of being minute without tedious- 
 ness, and general without confusion ; whose language was copious 
 without exuberance, exact without constraint, and easy without 
 weakness." DR. JOHNSON : Life of Dr. Parnell. 
 
 "Whether, indeed, we take him as a poet, as a comic writer, or 
 as a historian, he stands in the first class. ... He deserved a place 
 in Westminster Abbey ; and every year he lived would have de 
 served it better." DR. JOHNSON : Life by Boswell. 
 
 On another occasion, when Goldsmith's character was 
 attacked by some who were dining at Sir Joshua Rey- 
 nolds's, Johnson exclaimed with warmth, " Is there a man, 
 sir, now, who can pen an essay with such ease and elegance 
 as Dr. Goldsmith ?" 
 
 "The wreath of Goldsmith is unsullied; he wrote to exalt virtue 
 and expose vice; and he accomplished his task in a manner which 
 raises him to the highest rank among British authors. We close 
 his volume with a sigh that such an author should have written 
 so little from the stores of his own genius, and that he should have 
 been so prematurely removed from the sphere of literature which 
 he so highly adorned." SIR WALTER SCOTT : Life of Goldsmith. 
 
 " Goldsmith, both in verse and prose, was one of the most delight 
 ful writers in the language. His verse flows like a limpid stream. 
 His ease is quite unconscious. Every thing in him is spontaneous, 
 unstudied, unaffected; yet elegant, harmonious, graceful, and 
 nearly faultless. ... As a poet, he is the most flowing and elegant 
 of our versifiers since Pope, with traits of artless nature which 
 Pope had not, and with a peculiar felicity in his turns upon words, 
 which he constantly repeated with delightful effect." HAZLITT. 
 
 "As for Goldsmith and Churchill, whatever they have appeared 
 to owe to Pope, they are remembered and admired for what they 
 possessed independent of him, each having wealth enough of his 
 own to be a freeholder of Parnassus, after paying off any mortgage 
 on his little estate due to that enormous capitalist." J AS. MONT 
 GOMERY : Lect. on Mod. Eng. Lit. 
 
 " Goldsmith I have already had occasion to mention several times 
 in the course of these Lectures, as the various classes of English 
 Poetry in which he has written have come under our review. He 
 now appears before us in the character of a Didactic Poet; and 
 what can I say of him better than by repeating the true and elo 
 quent eulogium in his Epitaph? 
 
 ' Nullum quod tetigit non ornavit.' 
 
 The 'Traveller 5 and 'The Deserted Village' scarcely claim any 
 notice from me. They are in every one's hands; they live in 
 every one's memory; they are felt in everyone's heart; they are 
 daily the delight of millions." HENRY NEELE: Lects. on Eng. Poet. 
 
 695 
 
GOL 
 
 GOL 
 
 'There is something in Goldsmith's prose that to my ear is 
 .commonly sweet and harmonious; it is clear, simple, easy to be 
 nderstood ; we never want to read his periods twice over, except 
 for the pleasure it bestows; obscurity never calls us back to a 
 repetition of it. That he was a poet there is no doubt ; but the 
 paucity of his verse does not allow us to rank him in that high 
 station where his genius might have carried him. There must be 
 bulk, variety, and grandeur of design to constitute a first-rate 
 poet." RICHARD CUMBERLAND: Memoirs. 
 
 Prof. Butler criticizes Cumberland's comments the 
 whole of which we have not quoted, and the reader, we 
 think, will be gratified with the professor's comments : see 
 Gallery of Illust. Irishmen ; Goldsmith ; Dub. Univ. Mag., 
 vii. 52, 53. See also Sir S. Egerton Brydges's criticism 
 on Cumberland's comments; Censura Literaria. 
 
 "Goldsmith, Cowper, Burns, are all original, and all unequalled 
 in their way. Falconer is another whose works will last forever." 
 ROBERT SOUTHEY: Life and Corresp.; Letter to G. C. Bedford, 
 April 13, 1805. 
 
 'Where is the poetry of which one-half is good? Is it the 
 Jftieid f is it Milton's f is it Dryderfs f is it any one's except Pbpe's 
 and Goldsmith's, of which all is good?" Lord Byron to Murray, 
 April 23, 1820. 
 
 " His pictures may be small, may be far from historical pieces, 
 amazing or confounding us ; may be even, if severest criticism 
 will have it so. mere happy tableaux de genre hanging up against 
 our walls: but their colours are exquisite and unfading; they 
 have that familiar sweetness of household expression which wins 
 their welcome alike where the rich inhabit, and in huts where 
 poor men lie; and there, improving and gladdening all. they are 
 likely to hang for ever." JOHX FORSTER : Life of Goldsmith. 
 
 Washington Irving the very sight or sound of whose 
 beloved name never fails to excite pleasing emotions in 
 thousands of bosoms at home and abroad in the preface 
 to his Life of Goldsmith pays the following beautiful 
 tribute to his author : 
 
 "For my own part, I can only regret my shortcomings in what 
 to me is a labor of love; for it is a tribute of gratitude to the 
 memory of an author whose writings were the delight of my child 
 hood and have been a source of enjoyment to me throughout life; 
 and to whom, of all others, I may address the beautiful apostrophe 
 of Dante to Virgil : 
 
 " ' Tu se' lo mio maestro, e '1 mio autore : 
 Tu se' solo colui da cu' io tolsi 
 Lo bello stile, che m' ha fatto onore.' " 
 
 "The prose of Goldsmith is the model of perfection, and the 
 standard of our language ; to equal which the efforts of most 
 would be vain, and to exceed it, every expectation folly." 
 HEADLEY. 
 
 "Goldsmith is one of the most various and most pleasing of 
 English writers. He touched upon every kind of excellence, and 
 that with such inimitable grace, that where he failed of originality 
 most he had ever a freshness and a charm." MRS. S. C. HALL. 
 
 " But none of us probably ever think of weighing his political 
 opinions, or his claims to the title of a great philosophical poet. 
 His fame and influence depend on neither. We are not grateful 
 to him because he possesses extraordinary poetical power. There 
 is so much of genuine feeling, just thought, true description, and 
 sound moral distinction, in these poems, [The Traveller and The 
 Deserted Village,] the language is so clear, the strain so liquid, 
 the general style not quite magnificent, but yet of such an easy, 
 natural elevation and dignity, that they glide into our affections 
 and memory in youth, and are never displaced, we apprehend, by 
 the more exciting pleasures, the more subtile and complicated 
 conceptions, which we owe in later years to poetry of a far higher 
 and infinitely more varied character." E. T. CHANNING: N.Amer. 
 Rev., xlv. 91-116. 
 
 It would not be difficult to greatly extend our quota 
 tions, indeed the difficulty is to refrain from quoting, 
 with so many authorities yet unnoticed at our elbow; 
 but there must be an end to the longest article, and this 
 is already sufficiently extended. Of the three principal 
 biographies of our author we have already discoursed at 
 some length in our notice of John Forster, to which the 
 reader is referred. 
 
 Of edits, of Goldsmith's histories, the Vicar of Wake- 
 field, the Deserted Village, and The Traveller, the name 
 is legion. His Poet, and Dramat. Works were first col 
 lected and pub. in 1780, Lon., 2 vols. 12mo; 1786, 8vo ; 
 1791, 2 vols. 12mo ; 1808, 8vo ; 1816. Miscell. Works, with 
 Life and Essays, Perth, 1792, 7 vols. 12mo. With Life 
 and Writings, Lon., 1801, 4 vols. 8vo ; 1806, 5 vols. 12mo ; 
 1807, 4 vols. 8vo ; 1812, 4 vols. 8vo ; 1820, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 But these and all preceding edits, were thrown into the 
 shade in 1836 by the publication of Prior's edit, of Gold 
 smith's Miscellaneous Works, with Life of the Author, 6 
 vols. 8vo. Contents : Vol. I. The Bee ; Essays ; Present 
 State of Polite Learning, <fcc. ; Prefaces and Introduction. 
 II. Citizen of the World; Introduction to the Study of 
 Natural History. III. Vicar of Wakefield ; Biographies 
 of Voltaire, Nash, Parnell, and Bolingbroke ; Miscella 
 neous Criticism. IV. Poems ; The Good-Natured Man 
 She Stoops to Conquer ; The Grumbler; Criticism relating 
 to Poetry and the Belles-Lettres. V., VI. Prior's Life of 
 Goldsmith. 
 
 " This is the only complete edition containing additions made 
 to previous collections of Goldsmith, which perhaps it would be 
 
 safe to say constitute nearly one-half of the collection in the pre 
 sent edition. This edition is the only one having any just claim 
 ;o a place, as embodying the full performances of Goldsmith, and as 
 ,he fair exponent of his genius." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 The same eminent authority commends the letters of 
 Groldsmith, collected by Mr. Prior's indefatigable industry, 
 n researches extending from 1826 to 1836 : 
 
 " No poet's letters in the world, not even those of Cowper. ap 
 pear to us more interesting for the light they throw on the habits 
 ind feelings of the man that wrote them ; and we think it will also 
 be acknowledged that the simple gracefulness of their language is 
 quite worthy of the author of the Vicar of Wakefield. We may 
 differ from many of our readers as to all the rest, but we are con 
 fident that if Mr. Prior had done, and should do, nothing else, the 
 services he has rendered to literature by recovering and recording 
 these beautifully characteristic effusions would be enough to 
 secure honour to his memory. And who will not be rejoiced to 
 hear that in one instance at least the best secondary monument 
 of a great Irish genius has also been erected by an Irish hand?" 
 
 Mr. Prior doubtless richly deserves all that can be said 
 n praise of his labours; but even his excellent edition of 
 :he Works of Goldsmith has been superseded within the 
 last year or two by Peter Cunningham's edition, 1854, 
 4 vols. 8vo, forming the first issue of Murray's British 
 Classics. For an account of this edition, see CUNNINGHAM, 
 PETER. 
 
 Of the many beautiful editions of The Vicar of Wake- 
 field, we must especially note the one embellished with 
 thirty-two Illustrations by Wm. Mulready, Lon., 1843, 
 cr. 8vo. 
 
 " It is the nearest to perfection of any volume that has hitherto 
 ssued from the British press." Lon. Art. Union Jour., Jan. 1843, 
 
 " One of the most beautiful editions of any standard author 
 that has appeared for many years, and decidedly the best which 
 has ever been published of this deservedly popular English clas 
 sic." United Service Gazette, Jan. 1, 1843. 
 
 " Briefly, we have no hesitation in asserting the superiority of 
 these designs as works of art illustrative of family lite over every 
 thing that has been done in recent times either iu France or Ger 
 many, or our own country." Lon. Athencpum, Jan. 21, 1843. 
 
 The reader must also procure the editions of the Vicar 
 of Wakefield, illustrated respectively by Westall, Richter, 
 Thomas, and Absolon. We must also notice, as a valuable 
 companion to the modern editions of Goldsmith's Works, 
 an edition of his Poetical Works, with Remarks attempt 
 ing to ascertain from local observation the actual scene 
 of the Deserted Village, embellished with seven illustra 
 tive engravings, by Mr. Aitkin, from drawings taken on 
 the spot. By the Rev. E. H. Newell, B.D., 1811, 4to. Nor 
 must the collector of a Goldsmith Library consider that 
 he has done justice to his design until he can number 
 among his treasures a fit companion for the Deserted 
 Village, illustrated by the Etching Club, before noticed 
 the beautiful edition of The Poetical Works of our great 
 author, illustrated by Wood Engravings from the designs 
 of G. W. Cope, A.R.A. ; Thomas Creswick, A.R.A. ; J. 
 C. Horsley; R.Redgrave, A.R.A.; and Fred. Taylor, 
 members of the Etching Club; with a biographical 
 Memoir, and Notes on the Poems. Edited by Bolton 
 Corney, 1845, 8vo. This beautiful volume has been 
 already noticed. See CORNEY, BOLTON. 
 
 We have referred to that happy individual of good taste 
 and excellent judgment, perhaps you claim the appella 
 tion, gentle reader, the collector of a "Goldsmith Li 
 brary." He will thank us for indicating sources of in 
 formation, in addition to any little aid our humble labours 
 may have afforded him, respecting his favourite author. 
 
 Let him then consult Life prefixed to Goldsmith's 
 Works, Lon., 1801, also 1807, 4 vols. 8vo, principally 
 written by Bishop Percy ; Johnson's and Chalmers's Eng 
 lish Poets, 1810 ; Life by Sir S. Egerton Brydges, in the 
 Censura Literaria, vol. vii., 2d ed., 1815 ; Chalmers's Biog. 
 Diet; Life by Rev. John Mitford; Life by James Prior; 
 Life by John Forster; Life by Washington Irving; 
 Northcote's Life of Sir Joshua Reynolds ; Cradock's Me 
 moirs; Davies's Life of Garrick; Boswell's Life of John 
 son; Miss Hawkins's Anecdotes; Colman's Random Re 
 cords; Cumberland's Memoirs ; Northcote's Conversations; 
 Hawkins's Life of Johnson ; Prof. Butler's Gallery of Illust. 
 Irishmen, in Dubl. Univ. Mag., vii. 26-54; De Quincey's 
 Essays on the Poets, <fcc. ; various authorities quoted from 
 or referred to in preceding pages; also the following 
 articles : in Edin. Rev., Ixv. 108, Ixxxviii. 102 ; Lon.Quar. 
 Rev., Ivii. 149; N. Brit. Rev., ix. 100; N. Amer. Rev., (by 
 E. T. Channing,) xlv. 91, Ixx. 265; Blackwood's Mag., 
 Ixvii. 137, 297, liii. 771; Eraser's Mag., xv. 387; South. 
 Lit. Messenger, (by H. T. Tuckerman,) vi. 267. 
 Goldson, Wm. Catechism, Lon., 1595, 8vo. 
 Goldson, Wm. Medical Treatises, Lon., 1787,. 1804, 
 '05. Observ. on the Passage between the Atlantic and 
 Pacific, Portsm., 1793, 4to. Prefixed is a historical abridg 
 ment of discoveries in the north of America. 
 
GOL 
 
 GOO 
 
 Goldwell, Charles. Reason's Metamorphosis and 
 Restoration, <fcc., 1641. 
 
 Goldwell, Henry. A Briefe Declaration of the 
 Shews, Devices, &c. before the Queene's Majestie and the 
 French Ambassadors in Whitsun weeke, 1581. 
 " Only one copy known." Lnwndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 Sold at different times at 6 6 to 8 18* 6rf. It is re 
 printed in Nichols's Progresses of Q. Elizabeth. 
 
 Goldwin, Wm. Serms., 1707-81. Poet. Descrip. of 
 Bristol, 1751, 8vo. Revised by T. Smart. 
 
 Golledge, John. 1. Adam's Death, Lon., 1789, '90, 
 8vo. 2. Alex. Crombie's Phil. Necess., 1799, 12ino. 
 
 Golovin, Ivan, b. 1816, in Russia, educated at Berlin 
 and Heidelberg; was exiled by the Czar in 1843, and be 
 came a naturalized Englishman in 1846. 1. Political 
 Science to teach Sovereigns how to Govern. 2. Russia 
 under Nicholas, 1845. This work attracted considerable 
 attention throughout Europe, and was translated into seve 
 ral languages. 3. The Russian Political Catechism. 4. 
 Memoirs of a Russian Priest. 5. The Caucasus and the 
 Nations of Russia and Turkey, 1853. He visited the U.S. 
 in 1855, and pub. a series of Letters in the N.Y. Tribune, 
 and the Nat. Intelligencer, at Washington. On his return 
 to England, he issued a volume entitled (6) Stars and Stripes; 
 or, American Impressions. * 
 
 Golt. Divine Hist, of the Genesis of the World, 1670, 4to. 
 
 Golty, Richard. Serm., Lon., 1688, 4to. 
 
 Gomersal, or Gomersall, Robert, 1600-1646, a 
 native of London, educated at Christ Church, Oxf., became 
 Vicar of Thorncombe, Devonshire. 1. The Levite's Re 
 venge, containing Poetical Meditations on Judges, chaps. 
 xix. and xx., Lon., 1 628, '33, 8 vo. 2. Lodowick Sforza, Duke 
 of Milan ; a Tragedy, 1628, '32, 12.mo. With No. 1, Ac., 
 1633, '38, 12mo. 
 
 " He was esteemed excellent for dramatic poetry." Athen. Oxen. 
 
 3. Serms. on 1 Pet. ii. 13-16, Cainb., 1634, 4to. 
 
 "A very florid preacher." See Bliss's ed. of Athen. Oxon., where 
 will be found a specimen of Gomersall's poetry. 
 
 Gomersall, Mrs. A. 1. Eleanora; a Nov., Lon., 
 1789, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. The Citizen ; a Nov., 1790, '91, 2 
 vols. 12mo. 3. The Disappointed Heir, 1796, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 G oin m, James. Narrative of Events in St Marcou, 
 Lon., 1801, '07, 8vo. 
 
 Gomm, John. Hist. Inquiry resp. the performance 
 on the Harp in the Highlands of Scotland, 1807, 4to. 
 
 Gompertz, Benj. Mathematics, 1817, &c. 
 
 Gompertz, John. 1. Time, or Light and Shade; a 
 Poem, 4to. 2. The Modern Antique, or The Muse in the 
 Costume of Queen Anne; a Poem, 8vo. See Anti-Jac. 
 Rev., Nov. 1818. 3. Devon; a Poem, 8vo. 
 
 Gonson, Sir John. Charges to Juries, 1728, '29, Ac. 
 
 Gonzales, Manoel. Voyage to Great Britain. 
 This will be found in vol. i. of Osborne's Voyages, and 
 in vol. ii. of Pinkerton's Voyages and Travels. It was 
 written by an Englishman perhaps by Daniel Defoe. 
 
 Gooch, Benjamin, D.D., an eminent surgeon. Sur 
 gery, Lon., 1758, 8vo. Enlarged, Norw., 1767, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Appendix, Lon., 1773, 8vo. Profess, con. to Phil. Trans., 
 1769, '75. 
 
 Gooch, Bernard. The Whole Art of Husbandrie, 
 Lon., 1614, 4to. We find this in the Bibl. Brit., but 
 doubtless it is Barnaby Googe's Foure Bo.okes of Hus 
 bandrie, 4th ed. 
 
 Gooch, Eliza S. V. R. Novels, Ac., 1788-180*4. 
 
 Gooch, Robert, M.D., 1784-1830, a native of Yar 
 mouth, practised in Croydon, and subsequently in Lon 
 don, (from 1811,) with great reputation and success. 
 1. Diseases peculiar to Women, Lon., 1829, 8vo. 3 eds. 
 have appeared in America. 
 
 "Distinguished in a very uncommon degree for originality, 
 precision, and -vigour of thought." DR. FERGUSSON: Lon. Quar. 
 ev., xli. 163-183. Read this interesting essay on insanity, Ac. 
 
 "The most valuable work on that subject in any language; the 
 chapters on puerperal fever and puerperal madness are probably 
 the most important additions to practical medicine of the present 
 age." Lives of British Physicians. 
 
 2. Women and Children, 8vo. 3. Compendium of Mid 
 wifery, prepared by George Skinner, 12rno. 4 eds. in 
 America. 
 
 "Among these great masters [of medical science] Robert Gooch 
 will always stand pre-eminent." Amer. Jour. JUed. Science. 
 
 " Never was a man more desirous of doing all in his power to 
 wards diminishing the sum of human misery." ROBERT SOUTHEY: 
 Life and Cvrre?p., q. v. 
 
 Gooch was a contributor to the Lon. Quar. Rev., and 
 pub. in that periodical some valuable papers on the Plague, 
 Anatomy, <fcc. See Lives of Brit. Physicians, No. 14 of 
 Murray's Family Library. 
 
 Gooch, Sir Thomas, Bart., d. 1754; Bishop of Bris 
 tol, 1737 ; trans, to Norwich, 1738; to Ely, 1748. 1. Serm., 
 
 1711, 4to. 2. Funl. Serm., 1713, 8vo and 4to. 3. Fast 
 Serm., 1740, 4to. 
 
 Gooch, Rev. W. General View of the Agricult. of 
 Cambridgeshire, Lon., 1811, 8vo. 
 
 " The work is very neatly performed, and in a superior manner. 
 The author shows a very liberal spirit on agricultural policy, and 
 much sound knowledge on practical subjects." Donaldson's Agri- 
 cult. Biog. 
 
 Good, B. Hanover Treaty, Lon., 1727, 8vo. 
 
 Good, J. E. Serm. o.n the Mount, 1829, 8vo. 
 
 " These lectures are very perspicuous, resembling windows of 
 clear rather than painted glass; they are of very convenient 
 length, and much like a pious and benevolent companion, who, 
 if he travels with you but a short way, gives you much and ?ood 
 information." Li.n. Baptist Mag. 
 
 Good, John. Works on Dialling, Lon., 1711, '30, 8vo. 
 
 Good, John Mason, M.D., 17.64-1827, one of the 
 most profoundly learned Englishmen of modern days, was 
 a native of Epping, Essex, and the son of a dissenting mi 
 nister. At fifteen he was placed apprentice with a surgeon 
 at Gosport, and in 1784 commenced practice at Sudbury. 
 In 1793 he removed to London, where he practised as a 
 j surgeon and apothecary, and in 1820, having received a 
 diploma from the University of Aberdeen, became a phy 
 sician. An interesting biographical sketch of Dr. G. will 
 be found in the Lon. Gent. Mag. for March, 1827 ; and a 
 Memoir of his Life was pub. by his friend Dr. Olinthus Gre 
 gory, Lon., 1828, 8vo. 1. Maria; an Elegiac Ode, Lon., 
 1786, 4to. 2. Diseases of Prisons and Poor-Houses, 1795, 
 12mo. 3. Hist, of Medicine as far as it relates to the pro 
 fession of an Apothecary, 1795, 12mo. 4. Parish Work 
 houses, 1798, 1805, 8vo. 5. Address to the Corp. of Sur 
 geons, 1800, 8vo. 6. Song of Songs, or Sacred Idyls. 
 Trans, from the Hebrew, with notes crit. and explan., 
 1803, 8vo. 
 
 "Dr. Good considers the Song of Solomon neither a continued 
 epithalamium nor a regular drama, but a collection of idyls on a 
 common subject, the loves of the Hebrew monarch and his fair 
 bride. Into the mystical design of the poem (though, with 
 Lowth and Horner, he believed it to have one) he enters little; 
 so that the spirituality of the Bible nowhere appears iu the version 
 or the notes. Admitting his hypothesis to be correct, and con 
 sidering the Song of Songs merely as an oriental collection of love- 
 songs, Dr. Good's version cannot be denied the praise of elegance 
 and general accuracy. He first gives a kind of literal prose trans 
 lation, and then, on the opposite page, a metrical version. The 
 notes follow at the end, and display a great profusion of ancient 
 and modern learning. As far as religion is concerned, however, 
 the reader may as well consult the odes of Horace or the pastorals 
 of Virgil." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " So much elegant learning and successful illustration we have 
 seldom seen within so email a compass as the present volume."-^ 
 Brit. Crit., 0. S., xxvi. 454, 455. See also Lon. Month. Rev., N. S., 
 xlvii. o02-312. 
 
 7. Triumph of Britain ; an Ode, 1803. 8. Memoirs of 
 the Life and Writings of Alex. Geddes, LL.D., 1803, 8vo. 
 See GEDDES, ALEXANDER, LL.D. 9. The Nature of Things; 
 a Didactic Poem, trans, from the Latin of Titus Lucretius 
 Carus, with the original text and Notes philolog. and ex- 
 plan., 1805-07, 2 vois. 4to. 
 
 " A noble translation; the notes contain a vast variety of mis 
 cellaneous literature." DR. CLARKE. 
 
 'These vast volumes are more like the work of a learned Ger 
 man professor, than of an ungraduated Englishman. They dis 
 play extensive erudition, considerable judgment, and some taste; 
 yet, upon the whole, they are extremely heavy and uninteresting, 
 and the leading emotion they excite in the reader is that of sym 
 pathy with the fatigue the author must have undergone in the 
 compilation. . . . The truth is, that Mr. Good, though very intelli 
 gent, is very indiscriminate in the selection of his information; 
 and though, for the most part, sufficiently candid and judicious in 
 his remarks, is at the same time intolerably dull and tedious. He 
 has no vivacity; no delicacy of taste or fancy; very little origi 
 nality ; and a gift of extreme prolixity. His prose is better than 
 his poetry ; his reasonings are more to be trusted to than bis criti 
 cism; and his statements and explanations are of more value than 
 his argument." LORD JEFFREY : Edin. Rev., x. 217-234. 
 
 " Almost every polished language, Asiatic as well as European, 
 is laid under contribution; and the versions which uniformly 
 accompany the numerous parallelisms and quotations are, for the 
 most part, executed in a masterly style." ion. Gent. Mag., xcvii. 
 
 10. Oration on the Structure and Physiology of Plants, 
 1808, 8vo. 11. Essay on Medical Technology, 1810, 8vo. 
 This essay gained the Fothergillian Medal. 12. The Book 
 of Job literally trans, from the Hebrew and restored to its 
 natural arrangement; with Notes crit. and illust., and an 
 Introduct. Dissert, 1812, 8vo. A critique on this version 
 appeared in the Eclectic Rev. for Feb. 1816; to this Dr. 
 Good replied, and a rejoinder followed in the number for 
 Dec. 1816. 
 
 "No work of criticism in the language affords such a display of 
 acquaintance with ancient and modern languages. ... Dr. Good is 
 a firm believer in the antiquity of the book, contends that Moses 
 was the writer of it, and that it contains the great principles of the 
 patriarchal faith. . . . His translation is the most valuable work on 
 Job in the English language, and must materially assist any indi- 
 
GOO 
 
 GOO 
 
 vidual in the interpretation of that difficult book." Orme's Bibl. 
 Bib. 
 
 "On the whole, we regard this work as a valuable accession to | 
 our stock of sacred literature; and we can recommend it with con- [ 
 fidence to the biblical student, as containing a great mass of use 
 ful information and valuable criticism." Lon. Christian Observer, 
 xii. 306. 
 
 13. New ed. of Mason's Self-knowledge; with a Life of 
 the Author and Notes, 1812, 8vo. Dr. Good's mother was 
 Miss Peyto, the favourite niece of John Mason. 14. A 
 Physiological System of Nosology, 1817, 8vo. 
 
 " It bids lair to supersede every attempt which has hitherto been 
 made in the difficult provinces of medical technology and sys 
 tematic arrangement." ion. Gent. Mag., xcvii. 277. 
 
 15. Sketch of the Revolution in 1688. 16. In conjunc 
 tion with Olinthus Gregory, LL.D., editor, and Newton 
 Bosworth, Pantalogia; or Encyclopaedia, comprising a Ge 
 neral Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, 
 pub. periodically, completed in 1813, 12 vols., with nearly 
 400 engravings, r. 8vo, 20. 17. The Study of Medicine, 
 1822, 4 vols. Svo; 3d ed., 1832, 5 vols. 8vo, 3 15. ; edited 
 by Samuel Cooper, M.D., F.R.S., Prof, of Surgery in the 
 Univ. of London, <fcc. 
 
 " If the general tenor of his book .... (what seems to me to 
 be the feet) .... be so excellent that no other modern system is, 
 on the whole, half so valuable as the Study of Medicine, its imper 
 fections will be indulgently regarded by every liberal critic, and 
 its genuine merit warmly admired." DR. COOPER, the, editor. 
 
 " The additions to the text and notes by Mr. Cooper, as may have 
 been expected, are numerous and valuable, and the entire work 
 merits our most unqualified recommendation. The surgeon whose 
 library contains Good's Study of Medicine, and Coopers Surgical 
 Dictionary, need look around him for little more that is either 
 scientific, useful, or practical, in any branch of his profession." 
 Lon. Lancet, No. 304. 
 
 " We have no hesitation in pronouncing the work, beyond all 
 comparison, the best of its kind in the English language." Lon. 
 Medico-Chirurg. Rev. 
 
 "As a work of reference, at once systematic and comprehensive, 
 it has no rival in medical literature." Lon. JUed. Gaz. 
 
 American ed. pub. by Harpers, N. York, 2 vols. 8vo, with 
 Notes by A. S. Doane, M.D., Ac. 18. The Book of Nature, 
 1826, 3 vols. 8vo ; 3d ed., corrected, 3 vols. fp. 8vo. 
 
 CONTENTS. Vol. I. Nature of the Material World, and 
 the Scale of Unorganized and Organized Tribes that issue 
 from it. On Matter and a Material World; on Geology; 
 on Organized Bodies, and the Structure of Plants compared 
 with that of Animals; on the Principle of Life; on the 
 Bones, &c. ; on the Digestive Functions ; on the Circula 
 tion of the Blood ; on the Processes of Nutrition ; on the 
 External Senses of Animals. Vol. II. Nature of the Ani 
 mate World; its Peculiar Powers and External Relations; 
 Means of Communicating Ideas; Formation of Society. 
 Vol. III. Nature of the Mind; its General Faculties and 
 Furniture. 
 
 "This volume is designed to take a systematic, but popular, sur- 
 Tey of the most interesting features of the general science of na 
 ture, for the purpose of elucidating what has been found obscure, 
 controverting and correcting what has been felt erroneous, and 
 developing, by means of original views and hypotheses, much of 
 what yet remains to be more satisfactorily explained." Preface. 
 
 "The work is certainly the best Philosophical digest of the kind 
 which we have seen." Lon. Month. Hev. 
 
 19. Thoughts on Select Texts of Scripture, 12rno. 
 20. Historical Outline of the Book of Psalms, by Neale, 
 8vo ; by Henderson, 1854, 8vo. Dr. Good contributed many 
 papers to the periodicals of the day, and was for some time 
 editor of the Analytical and Critical Review, and, we be 
 lieve, of the New Annual Register, and the Gallery of Na 
 ture and Art. His review of the Junius controversy see 
 our article on JUNICS is one of the finest pieces of criti 
 cism of modern times. There are few names that cast 
 greater lustre upon the archives of British Medical Science 
 and philological learning than that of John Mason Good. 
 Good, Rev. Joseph. Poems, Lon., 1792, 8vo. 
 Good, Thomas, D.D., Master of Baliol Coll., Oxf. 
 Fermianus et Dubitantius; or, Dialogues concerning 
 Atheism, Infidelity, and Popery, Oxf., 1674, 8vo. 
 
 Good, Thomas, Rector of Ashley, Worcestershire. 
 Thanksgiving Serm. on Matt. v. 9, 1715, 4to. 
 
 Good, Thomas. Speech in H. of Commons, 1800, 
 8vo. 
 
 Good, Wm. Measurers and Tradesman's Assistant, 
 Edin., 1775, 8vo. 
 
 Goodacre, Robert. Educational,<fcc.works,1803-12. 
 Goodal, or Goodall, Walter, 1706-1766, a Scotch 
 antiquary, a native of Banffshire, educated at King's Coll., 
 Aberdeen, became librarian of the Advocates' Library, 
 Edinburgh, and assisted Thomas Ruddjman in compiling 
 the catalogue of that library upon the plan of the Biblio- 
 tbeca Cardinalis Iinperialis ; it was pub. in 1742, fol. 1. An 
 Exam, of the Letters said to be written by Mary Queen of 
 Scots to James, Earl of Bothwell, shewing by intrinsic 
 
 evidence that they are forgeries. Also an Enquiry into the 
 Murder of King Henry, Edin., 1754, 2 vols. Svo. 2. An 
 edit, with Emendatory Notes of Sir John Scott's Stagger- 
 ng State of Scots Statesmen, 1754. 3. An Introduc. to 
 ,he Hist, and Antiq. of Scotland, Lon., 1769, Svo ; Edin., 
 L773, 12mo. Originally written in Latin, and prefixed to 
 iis edit, of Fordun's Scotichronicon : see FORDUN, JOHN DE. 
 " His edition of Fordun was not executed with judgment." 
 
 He contributed also a Pref. and Life to Sir James Bal- 
 four's Practicks, and some articles to Keith's New Cata- 
 ogue of Scotch Bishops. 
 
 Goodall, Baptist, merchant. The Tryall of Trauell ; 
 or, 1. The Wonders in Trauell. 2. The Worthes of Trauell. 
 3. The Way to Trauell. In three bookes Epitomized, Lon., 
 1630, 4to. A poetical work of 40 leaves. Sir M. M. Sykes, 
 Pt. 1, 1329, 5. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 314, 12 12s. 
 
 Goodall, Charles, M.D. 1. The College of Physi 
 cians vindicated against the Corner Stone, &c., Lon., 1674, 
 76, Svo. 2. Hist, of the Roy. Coll. of Physicians, Ac., 
 1684, 4to. 3. Hist. Acct. of the Coll.'s proceedings against 
 Empyrics, &c., 1684, 4to. 
 
 Goodall, Charles. Poems and Translations, Lon., 
 1689, Svo. Anon. 
 
 Goodall, Henry, D.D., Archdeacon of Suffolk and 
 re% of Norwich. Serms., 1741, '51, '60. 
 
 Goodall, John. Liberty of the Clergy by the Laws 
 of the Realm. Printed temp. Hen. VIII. by R. Weir. 
 
 Goodcole, Rev. Henry. 1. Fras. Robinson, Lon., 
 1618, 4to. 2. The Prodigal's Tears, 1620, Svo. 3. Prayers, 
 &c., 1620, Svo. 4. London's Cry, 1620, 4to. 5. Eliz. Saw 
 yer, 1621, 4to. 
 
 Goode, Francis. 1. The Better Covenant, 5th ed., 
 Lon., 1848, fp. Svo. Highly commended. 2. Serms. on 
 Doctrine, Practice, and Experience, 1838, 8vo. 3. Serm. 
 before the Ch. Miss. Soc., 1838, Svo. 4. Watch -Words of 
 Gospel Truth, 12mo. 5. Posthumous Serms., Svo. 
 
 Goode, Wm. 1. Serm., Lon., 1645, 4to. 2. Serm., 
 1646, 4to. 
 
 Goode, Wm., 1762-1816, a native of Buckingham, 
 entered of Magdalen Hall. Oxf., 1780 ; succeeded Mr. Ro- 
 maine as Rector of St. Ann's, Blackfriars, London, 1795. 
 1. A New Version of the Book of Psalms, Lon., 1811, 2 
 vols. Svo. 
 
 "A useful help to the devotional understanding of the Psalms, 
 which are here translated into English verse, and in various 
 metres." Home's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 "The poetical execution of Goode's version never rises above 
 mediocrity." Lon. Eclectic Eev. 
 
 2. Essays on all the Scriptural Names and Titles of 
 Christ, 1822, 6 vols. Svo. 
 
 "A most valuable elucidation of all the Scriptural Titles of the 
 Redeemer." Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 "A valuable work for ministers; a mine for composition of 
 sermons." 
 
 3. Eight Serms., separately pub., 1795, &c. See a me 
 moir of Mr. Goode by W. Goode, Svo. 
 
 Goode, Wm., Rector of Allhallows the Great and 
 Less, London, has pub. several treatises against the doc 
 trines of the Oxford Tracts, and on other subjects, Lon., 
 1834-52. Among the best-known of his works are 1. The 
 Extraordinary Gifts of the Spirit, 1834, Svo. 2. The 
 Established Church, 1834, Svo. 3. Tracts on Church 
 Rates, 1840, Svo. 4. The Divine Rule of Faith and Prac 
 tice, 1S42, 2 vols. Svo ; 2d ed., 1853, 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 " This very able work is a defence of the great Protestant prin 
 ciple of the sufficiency of holy scripture, in opposition to the doc 
 trine of Dr. Pusey and his party, who claim for tradition a co 
 ordinate authority with the written word of God. It is one of the 
 able publications of the day." Dr. E. Williams' s C. P. 
 
 5. Two Treatises on the Church, by Drs. Jackson and 
 Sanderson, and a Letter of Bp. Cosin. With Introduc. 
 Remarks, 1843, sm. Svo. 
 
 " Seasonable truth against Tractarians." Bicker steWs C. S. 
 
 6. Tract XC. historically refuted, 1845, Svo. 7. Doc 
 trine of the Ch. of Eng. as to the effects of Baptism in the 
 case of Infants, 1849, Svo. 8. Aids for determining some 
 Disputed Points in the Ceremonial of the Ch. of Eng. ; 2d 
 ed., 1851, Svo. 9. A Vindication of the Doctrine of the 
 Ch. of Eng. on the Validity of the Orders of the Scotch 
 and Foreign Non-Episcopal Churches, in three pamphlets : 
 I. A General Review of the Subject ; II. A Reply to Chur- 
 ton and Harrington, Ac., 2d ed. ; III. Reply to Bp. of Exe 
 ter, Ac.; 3d ed., 1852, Svo. 10. Letter to Sir W. P. Wood, 
 Q.C., M.P., rel. to the Prayer Book; 2d ed., with the 
 Answer of Sir W. P. Wood and the Author's Reply, 1852, 
 Svo. 
 
 Goodenough, Samuel, LL.D., 1743-1827, educated 
 at Christ Church, Oxf.; Canon of Windsor, 1798; Dean 
 of Rochester, 1802; Bishop of Carlisle, 1808. 
 
GOO 
 
 " He is but just promoted, to the satisfaction of all who know 
 him, and to the shame of those who so long neglected him. 
 
 "Quis gremio Enceladi doctique PAL.EMONIS affert QUANTUM 
 GRAMMATICUS MERCIT LABOR r' Pursuits of Literature, ed. 1808, p. 
 332. 
 
 1. Serm., 1809, 4to. 2. Serm., 1812. 3. Con. in Nat. 
 Hist, to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1792, '95, '98. See a Biog. 
 Sketch of Bp. G. in Lon. Gent. Mag., xcvii. 366, 367. 
 
 Goodenow, John M. Amer. Jurisp. in Contrast 
 with the Doct. of Eng. Com. Law, Steuben., Ohio, 1819, 
 8vo. 
 
 " The professed object of the author is to prove that the Courts 
 in Ohio were not possessed of Common Law Jurisdiction,, and more 
 especially in the case of crimes and offences at Common Law. The 
 hook is exceedingly scarce, less than one hundred copies having 
 been printed." Marvin's Leg. Bibl. ; Griffith's Law Reg., 388 ; 12 
 Amer. Jur., 334. 
 
 Goodfellow, J. Universal Directory ; or, Complete 
 P. Assistant for Masters of Ships, Ac., Lon., 1779, 8vo. 
 
 Goodhugh, Wm., a learned bookseller of London, 
 d. 1842, aged 43. 1. Grit. Exam, of Bellamy's Trans, of 
 the Bible, 1822. 2. Gate to the French, Italian, and Span 
 ish Languages unlocked. 3. Gate to the Hebrew, Arabic, 
 and Syriac unlocked by a new and easy method of learn 
 ing the Accidents, 1827, 8vo. 4. The English Gentle 
 man's Library Manual ; or, A Guide to the Formation of 
 a Library of Select Literature, accompanied with original 
 Notices, Biographical and Critical, of Authors and Books, 
 1827, 8vo. This volume does not exhibit a very compre 
 hensive catalogue of books, but contains some good criti 
 cism and several interesting items of literary history. 
 6. A Course of XII. Lectures on the Study of Biblical Lite 
 rature, Lon., 1838, 8vo. Re-issued under the title of Lec 
 tures on Biblical Literature. 
 
 "An admirable manual of topics connected with the history and 
 interpretation of the Scriptures. The author not only discovers a 
 laudable enthusiasm for his subject, but he treats it like a master." 
 Lon. Congreg. Mag. 
 
 " It is with much pleasure we again meet a gentleman to whom 
 the theological world is under great obligations for the very masterly 
 manner in which he exposed the incompetency of John Bellamy 
 to the task of improving the received version of the Bible. . . . 
 We warmly recommend this work [the Lectures] to the attention 
 of all who would render themselves familiar with the literature 
 of the Bible." ion. Evangel. Mag., 1838, 595. 
 
 6. The Bible Cyclopedioe. Mr. G. only lived to prepare 
 this work to the letter R. It was pub. in 2 vols., fol. He 
 had been engaged in its compilation for the three years 
 preceding his death. In 1840 he issued proposals for a 
 society to be called the Dugdale Society, for the elucida 
 tion of British Family Antiquity, But the project was 
 not encouraged. 
 
 Goodinge, Thos. Law ag.B'krupts,1719,'29, '41, 8vo. 
 
 Goodison, Wm. An Hist, and Topog. Essay upon 
 the Islands of Corfu, Leucadia, Cephalonia, Ithaca, and 
 Zante, Lon., 1822, 8vo, pp. 267, with Maps and Sketches. 
 
 "An interesting little volume, containing much curious matter 
 not unworthy the attention of the scholar and the antiquary." 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 Goodlad, Wm. Absorbent System, Lon., 1814, 8vo. 
 
 Goodman, Christopher, 1520F-1601? a Puritan 
 divine, educated at Brasenose Coll., Oxf., was a prominent 
 advocate of the Reformation in Scotland. 1. How far Su 
 perior Powers ought to be obeyed of their Subjects, Ge- 
 neua, 1558, 16mo. 
 
 "An absurd and factious pamphlet against Queen Mary." ( See 
 Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry. 
 
 " Christopher Goodman almost filled up every chapter in this 
 book with railing speeches against the Queen, [Mary of England,] 
 and stirr'd up the people to rebel against her." Heylin's Hist, of 
 the Reformation. 
 
 2. A Commentary upon Amos. Wood erroneously as 
 cribes to Goodman John Knox's book, entitled The First 
 Blast of the Trumpet against the Monstrous Regiment of 
 Women. For accounts of Goodman, see KNOX, JOHN; 
 Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.; Strype's Life of Parker; 
 Scott's Lives of the Scotch Reformers ; Peck's Desiderata, 
 vol. i. 
 
 "The truth is, Goodman was a most violent nonconformist, and 
 for rigidness he went beyond his friend Calvin, who remembers 
 and mentions him in his epistles, 1561." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Goodman, Godfrey, 1583-1655, an English prelate, 
 "and the only one who forsook the Church of England 
 for that of Rome since the Reformation," was a native 
 of Ruthvyn, Denbighshire, and educated at Westminster 
 School and Trin. Coll., Camb.; Dean of Rochester, 1620; 
 Bishop of Gloucester, 1625; suspended by Archbishop 
 Laud, 1639 : soon after his suspension he became a member 
 of the Church of Rome. He pub. a treatise on the Fall 
 of Man, 1624, 4to; Animad. on Hakewill on Providence, 
 Ac. ; but is best known to modern readers by his Hist, of 
 his Own Times, comprising Memoirs of the Courts of Eliza- 
 
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 beth and James I. ; edited from the original MSS. by John 
 S. Brewer, Lon., 1839, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " An amusing and useful publication, abounding in anecdotes 
 illustrative of the public characters of the latter end of Elizabeth's 
 reign, and during the reign of James I. The bishop was a shrewd 
 observer, and relates his facts and observations in a sensible, 
 lively, and unaffected style." Lon. Times. 
 
 Goodman, James. Serm. on Ps. Ixxvi. 4. 
 
 Goodman, John, D.D., Rector of Hadham, Herts, 
 and Archdeacon of Middlesex, pub. a Discourse on Auri 
 cular Confession, (see Gibson's Preservative, i. 10 ;) The 
 Penitent Pardoned, 1679, 4to, often reprinted; some serms. 
 and other theolog. treatises, 1674-97. 
 
 Goodman, Tobias, a Jewish Rabbi. Trans, of Rabbi 
 Judias's Investigation of Causes, <fcc. ; containing theolog. 
 sentences, Lon., 1808, 12mo. 
 
 Goodrich, Rev. Charles A. of Hartford, Conn. 
 
 1. Lives of the Signers to the Declaration of Independence, 
 Hartford, 1829, 8vo, pp. 460; Lon. and N. York, 1836, 8vo. 
 
 2. Hist, of the U. States of America. New ed., Boston, 
 1852, 12mo, pp. 425. The last ed. of this excellent work 
 brings down the history to July 15, 1850. 3. Family 
 Sabbath Day Miscellany, Phila., 1855, 12mo. 4. A Geo 
 graphy of the Chief Places mentioned in the Bible, and 
 the Principal Events connected with them, New York, 
 18mo, pp. 195. Other works. 
 
 Goodrich, Charles B. Lowell Lectures: The 
 Science of Government, as exhibited in the Institutions 
 of the United States of America, Boston, 1853, 8vo. The 
 value of expositions of this character when ability, 
 accuracy of statement, and popularity of style, are com 
 bined cannot be too highly estimated; and in Mr. Good- 
 rich's work 
 
 " The powers of the general government and the relations of 
 the Federal and State authorities and laws are very carefully and 
 thoroughly stated and explained. It makes an admirable bock 
 of reference, and is not encumbered with legal technicalities or 
 the repulsive show of dry learning." 
 
 Goodrich, Charles R., of Flushing, Long Island, 
 d. 1855, studied medicine, but never practised. 
 
 " His attainments as chemist and naturalist were extensive and 
 accurate." 
 
 1. The World of Science, Art, and Industry, Illustrated 
 with 500 drawings from the New York (1853) Exhibition. 
 Edited by Prof. B. Silliman, Jr., and C. R. Goodrich, N. 
 York, 1854, 4to. 
 
 " An exceedingly handsome work, got up with much taste and 
 spirit." Lon. Art Journal. 
 
 2. Practical Science and Mechanism Illustrated. Edited 
 by C. R. Goodrich, aided by Professors Hall, Silliman, Jr., 
 &c., 1854, 4to. This work professes to be 
 
 " A careful and laborious analysis of the present state of Science 
 and the Arts throughout the world, with important statistical 
 facts posted up to the present time, [1854.]" 
 
 The statistics of Coal and Minerals presented are of 
 great value to the practical reader. 
 
 Goodrich, Chauncey A., D.D., b. Oct. 23, 1790, 
 at New Haven, Conn., graduated at Yale College in 1810. 
 In 1812 he became a tutor in that institution, and, at the 
 request of President Dwight, prepared a Greek Grammar, 
 which was extensively used in the schools and colleges 
 of New England. This was followed by Greek Lessons, 
 and Latin Lessons, designed to lead the pupil by regular 
 stages into a knowledge of the ancient languages, on a 
 plan afterwards applied to modern languages by Ollen- 
 dorff. After two years spent in the ministry, he was ap 
 pointed in 1817 Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory in Yale 
 College, the duties of which office, in part, he still per 
 forms, in connection with those of the professorship of 
 Pastoral Theology, to which post he was appointed in 
 1839. In 1820 he was elected President of Williams 
 College, Massachusetts, but declined the office. Soon 
 after the publication of Dr. Noah Webster's (father-in- 
 law to Dr. Goodrich) American Dictionary in 1828, he 
 I superintended an abridgment of the work, pub. in r. 8vo, 
 J for general use ; and, with the author's consent, conformed 
 the orthography, in most respects, to that which has been 
 commonly received in the United States. In 1847 he pub. 
 a revision of both the 4to and 8vo dictionaries, with large 
 additions, the result of many years of labour, in which 
 j he was aided by his colleagues, Messrs. Silliman, Olm- 
 sted, &c. See N. Amer. Rev., Ixvi. 256, 257. For a num 
 ber of years Prof. G. discharged the duties connected 
 with the editorship of the Quarterly Christian Spectator. 
 But perhaps the most important contribution made by 
 him to the literature of the age is his vol. entitled Select 
 British Eloquence, embracing the Best Speeches Entire 
 j of the most eminent Orators of Great Britain for the last 
 I two Centuries, with Sketches of their Lives, an Estimate 
 
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 of their Genius, and Notes Critical and Explanatory, N. 
 York, 1852, 8vo, pp. 947. 
 
 " This bulky volume performs more than it promises. It is not 
 only a collection, made with excellent taste and judgment, of the 
 best specimens of English eloquence, whether parliamentary, 
 forensic or popular, but the biographical and illustrative matter 
 annexed is copious enough to form a tolerably complete political 
 history of England from Queen Anne's time to the present day. 
 At any rate, a full acquaintance with the contents of this volume, 
 taking the speeches and the commentary together, would be a 
 very useful appendage to that knowledge of the political events 
 of the period which may be derived from works professedly his 
 torical or biographical in their character.''^. Amcr. Rev., Ixxvi. 
 253-255. 
 
 Having perused this volume with care as well as de 
 light, we are able to fully endorse the preceding com 
 mendation. No student of history, biography, political, 
 forensic, or sacred eloquence, should be without this work. 
 Those w'ho have not seen it will be surprised to learn that 
 Prof. G. gives us in this one volume one-sixth more of 
 matter than is contained in Chapman's Select Speeches, or 
 Williston's American Eloquence, in 5 vols. 8vo each. It 
 comprises the substance of Prof. G.'s lectures on the great 
 English orators. 
 
 "A distinct volume," the author remarks, "would be 
 necessary for American eloquence if the lectures on that 
 subject should ever be published." 
 
 We trust the " distinct volume" will be published, and 
 also the author's lectures on Demosthenes' Oration for the 
 Crown. Such contributions to the cause of public educa 
 tion are beyond price. 
 
 In 1856, he edited a r. 8vo ed. of Webster's American 
 Dictionary of the English Language, exhibiting the Origin, 
 Orthography, Pronunciation, and Definition of Words. To 
 which are added a Synopsis of Words differently pronounced 
 by different Orthoepists; and Walker's Key to the Classical 
 Pronunciation of Greek, Latin, and Scripture Proper Names, 
 revised and enlarged. With the Addition of a Vocabulary 
 of Modern Geographical Names, with their Pronunciation ; 
 containing all the words in the Quarto Edition, and also 
 an arrangement of Synonyms under the leading Words, 
 a new and important feature, and not to be found in any 
 other work, and particularly useful to young writers. It 
 embraces more than six hundred articles of this kind, being 
 a larger number than is contained in any similar work in 
 our language, with the exception of Crabbe. In the same 
 year he pub. (Webster's University Dictionary) A Pronoun 
 cing and Denning Dictionary of the English Language; 
 abridged from Webster's American Dictionary, 8vo, pp. 610. 
 Goodrich, Frank Boott, b. 1826, in Boston, son of 
 S. G. Goodrich, (Peter Parley.) For several years he was 
 the Paris correspondent of the N.Y. Times over the signa 
 ture of Dick Tinto. 1. Tri-Colored Sketches of Paris, N. 
 Y., 1854, 12mo. 2. Court of Napoleon; or, Society under 
 the First Empire, with Portraits of its Beauties, Wits, and 
 Heroines, N.Y., 1857, r. 4to. An elegant volume. 3. Man 
 upon the Sea; or, History of Maritime Adventure, Explo 
 ration, and Discovery, Phila., 1858, 8vo. 4. Women of 
 Beauty and Heroism, N.Y., 1859, r. 4to. This is a com 
 panion-volume to No. 2. 
 
 Goodrich, Samuel Griswold, alias Peter Par 
 ley, was born Aug. 19, 1793, at Ridgefield, Connecticut. 
 Shortly after attaining his majority, he commenced the 
 business of a publisher in Hartford, and devoted himself 
 to this branch of trade for some years. In 1823-24, he 
 visited England, France, Germany, and Holland, and not 
 long after his return home commenced the publication of 
 the famous Peter Parley volumes. 
 
 In 1828 Mr. Goodrich commenced the publication of 
 The Token, an original annual, which he edited for four 
 teen years. In this series appeared many of his poems, 
 for Peter Parley is a poet of no mean rank, afterwards 
 pub., together with prose pieces, also contributed to The 
 Token, Ac. under the title of Sketches from a Student's 
 Window, 1841. The Outcast and other Poems had pre 
 ceded this vol. by four years, being pub. in 1837. In 1851 
 appeared a beautiful edit, of his Poems, (including The 
 Outcast,) with Pictorial Illustrations. The designs (about 
 forty) are mostly by Mr. Billings, the engravings by Bob- 
 bett & Edmonds, Lossing & Barrett, Hartwell, and others, 
 and the printing by Mr. John F. Trow. 
 
 Mr. Goodrich has had an eye to intelligent legislation 
 as well as juvenile instruction; and his valuable parents' 
 assistant, entitled "Fireside Education," (1838, 12mo,) 
 was composed in sixty days, while the author was occupied 
 with the important duties devolving upon him as a member 
 of the Massachusetts Senate. How greatly parents have 
 been aided and encouraged as well as children instructed 
 and delighted through the earlier volumes of Parley's 
 700 
 
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 Magazine, Merry's Museum, Parley's Cabinet Library, and 
 tiis numberless volumes of many kinds, who shall estimate? 
 
 In 1851, the President of the United States his Excel 
 lency Millard Fillmore conferred a deserved compliment 
 upon Mr. Goodrich by appointing him Consul to Paris. 
 In 1855 Mr. G. returned to the United States, and is now 
 (1858) residing in New York. 
 
 We have spoken of the volumes of this popular author as 
 
 numberless;" but here we are a little extravagant, for the 
 
 author has been obliged to " number" them in self-defence. 
 
 See Recollections of a Lifetime ; or, Men and Things I have 
 
 Seen, by S. G. Goodrich, N. York, 1858, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 List of Work* of which S. G. Goodrich is the Editor or 
 Author. 
 
 " My experience, as an author, has been not a little singular, in 
 one respect. While on the other side of the Atlantic my name has 
 been largely used, as a passport to the public, for books I never 
 wrote, attempts have been made in this country to deprive me of 
 the authorship of at least a hundred volumes which I did write. 
 It requires some patience to reflect upon this with equanimity; to 
 see myself, falsely, saddled with the paternity of things which are 
 either stupid, or vulgar, or immoral, or perhaps all together; and 
 then to be deprived, also by falsehood, of the means of effectually 
 throwing them off by appealing to genuine works which have 
 obtained general favor through a suspicion cast into the public 
 mind that I am a mere pretender, and that the real authorship 
 of these works belongs to another person. 
 
 " This, however, has been, and perhaps is, my position, at least 
 with some portion of the public. I have thought it worth while, 
 therefore, to print a catalogue of my genuine works, and also a list 
 of the folse ones issued under my name, with such notes as seem 
 necessary to set the whole matter clearly before the public. 
 
 " The following comprise all my works, to the best of my recol 
 lection : 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Date of No 
 publication. Tola. 
 
 The Token A New Year's and Christmas Present 18-28...14 
 
 [The first volume was issued ia 1828, and it was con 
 tinued, yearly, till 1842 15 years. 18mo and 12nio. 
 Edited by me, except that in 1829 it was edited by 
 N. P. Willis. Among the contributors to this work 
 were. E. Everett Bishop Doane, A. II. Everett, J. Q. 
 Adams. H. W. Longfellow, I. McLellan, Jr., N. Haw 
 thorne, Miss Sedgwick, Mrs. Sigourney, Willis Gay- 
 lord Clark, N. P. Willis, J. Neale, Grenville Mellen, 
 Geo. Lunt, John Pierpont, Caleb Cushing, II. Pick 
 ering, Miss Leslie, T. H.Gallaudet, Mrs. Child. P. 
 W. P. Greenwood, Rev. T. Flint, II. F. Gould, W. L. 
 Stone, H. T. Tuckerman, Madame Calderon de la 
 Barca, 0. W. Holmes. Mrs. Seba Smith, Mrs. Osgood, 
 Mrs. Lee, J. Inman, Horace Greeley, I. C. Pray, Oi- 
 ville Dewey, 0. W. B. Peabody, James Hall, Mrs. 
 Hale, Mrs. Hofland, J. T. Fields, Miss M. A. Browne, 
 R. C. Waterston, Nath. Greene, II. II. Weld, G. C. 
 Verplanck, T. S. Fay, J. 0. Rockwell, C. Sprague,etc.] 
 A History of All Nations, from the Earliest Period to the 
 Present Time In which the History of every Nation, 
 Ancient and Modern, is separately given. Large 8vo, 
 
 1200 pp 1849... 1 
 
 [In the compilation of this wojrk I had the assistance 
 of Hev. Royal Robbins, of Berlin, Conn., Rev. W. S. 
 Jenks, and Mr. S. Kettell, of Boston, and F. B. 
 Goodrich, of New York.] 
 
 A Pictorial Geography of the World. Large 8 vo, 1000 pp. 1840... 1 
 [The first edition of this work was published in 1831, 
 but, being found imperfect, was revised and remo 
 deled at this dafl In the original work I had the 
 assistance of J. 0. Sargent and S. P. Holbrook, Esqs., 
 and Mr. S. Kettell : the new edition was mainly 
 prepared by T. S. Bradford, Esq.] 
 Sow W T ell and Reap Well, or Fireside Education. 12mo. 1838... 1 
 
 A Pictorial History of America. 8vo 1845... 1 
 
 Winter Wreath of Summer Flowers. 8vo. Colored En 
 gravings 1853... 1 
 
 The Outcast, and other Poems. 12mo 1836... 1 
 
 Sketches from a Student's Window. 12mo 1841... 1 
 
 Poems. 12mo 1851... 1 
 
 Ireland and the Irish. 12mo 1842... I 
 
 Five Letters to my Neighbor Smith 1839... 1 
 
 Les tftats Unis d'Atnerique. 8vo 1852... 1 
 
 [This was published in Paris.] 
 
 The Gem Book of British Poetry. Square 8vo 1854... 1 
 
 The Picture Play Book 1855... 1 
 
 Recollections of a Lifetime; or, Men and Things I have 
 Seen, in a series of Familiar Letters Historical, Bio 
 graphical, Anecdotical, and Descriptive: addressed to 
 
 a Friend. 12mo 1857... 2 
 
 SCHOOL BOOKS. 
 Ancient History, from the Creation to the Fall of Rome. 
 
 12mo 1846... 1 
 
 Modern History, from the Fall of Rome to the present 
 
 time. 12mo 1847... 1 
 
 History of North America ; or, The United States and ad 
 jacent Countries. 18mo 1846... 1 
 
 History of South America and the West Indies. 18mo... 1846... 1 
 
 History of Europe. 18mo 1848... 1 
 
 History of Asia. 18mo 1848... 1 
 
 History of Africa. ISmo 1850... 1 
 
 [In the compilation of the preceding six volumes, ex 
 cluding North America, I had large assista^e from 
 Mr. S. Kettell.] 
 
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 Date of No. 
 publication. Tola. 
 
 A Comprehensive Geography and History, Ancient and 
 
 Modern. 4to 1849... 1 
 
 The National Geography. 4to 1849... 1 
 
 A Primer of History, for Beginners at Home and School. 
 
 24mo 1850... 1 
 
 A Primer of Geography, for Home and School. With 
 
 Jl a ps 1850... 1 
 
 A Pictorial' History of "theUnite'd States. 12mo 1846... 1 
 
 A Pictorial History of England. 12mo 7 " ! 
 
 A Pictorial History of France. 12mo 1846. .. 1 
 
 A Pictorial History of Greece. 12mo **o ' } 
 
 A Pictorial History of Rome. 12mo 1848... 1 
 
 [In the preparation of the preceding five volumes, I 
 had assistance from Dr. Alcott, Mr. J. Lowell, Ac. I 
 was largely assisted in the preparation of Rome by 
 Mr. S. Kettell.] , . , 
 
 A Pictorial Natural History. 12mo 1842... 1 
 
 The Young American; or, A Book of Government and 
 
 Law 12mo 1842... 1 
 
 The Malte-Brun School Geography. 16mo 1830... 1 
 
 Maps for the same. 4to 1830... 1 
 
 The Child's Own Book of Geography; or, The Western 
 
 Hemisphere. With Maps. Square 12mo. (Outof print.) 1834... 1 
 The Child's Own Book of Geography; or, The Eastern 
 
 Hemisphere. With Maps. Square 12mo. (Out of print.) 1834... 1 
 
 Goodrich's First Reader. 18mo 1846... 1 
 
 Goodrich's Second Reader. 18mo 1846... 1 
 
 Goodrich's Third Reader. 18mo 1846... ] 
 
 Goodrich's Fourth Reader. 12mo 1846... ] 
 
 Goodrich's Fifth Reader. 12mo 1846... 1 
 
 TALES UNDER THE NAME OF PETER PARLEY. 
 
 The Tales of Peter Parley about America. Square 16mo. 1827... : 
 
 Do. - do. Europe. do. 1828... : 
 
 Peter Parley's Winter-Evening Tales. do. 1829...: 
 
 Peter Parley's Juvenile Tales. do. 1830... '. 
 
 The Tale of Peter Parley about Africa. do. 1830... 1 
 
 Do. do. Asia. do. 1830... 1 
 
 Peter Parley's Tales about the Sun, Moon, and Stars. 
 
 Square 16mo 1830... 1 
 
 Peter Parley's Tales of the Sea. Square 16mo 1831... 1 
 
 Peter Parley's Tales about the Islands in the Pacific 
 
 Ocean. Square 16mo 1831... 
 
 Peter Parley's Method of Telling about Geography. 
 
 Square 16mo 1830... 
 
 [This work was remodelled and reproduced in 1844, 
 under the name of" Parley's Geography for Begin 
 ners, at Home and School." Two millions of copies 
 of it were sold : the publisher paid me three hun 
 dred dollars for the copy-right, and made his for 
 tune by it] 
 Peter Parley's Tales about the World. Square 16mo. 
 
 (Out of print.) 1831... 
 
 Peter Parley's tales about New York. Square 16mo. 
 
 (Out of print.) 1832... 
 
 Peter Parley's Tales about Great Britain Including Eng 
 land, Scotland, and Ireland. Square 16mo. (Out of 
 
 print.) 1834... 
 
 Parley's Picture-Book. Square 16mo 1834... 
 
 Parley's Short Stories for Long Nights. Square 16mo.... 1834... 
 
 Peter Parley's Book of Anecdotes. do 1836... 
 
 Parley's Tales about Animals. 12mo 1831... 
 
 Persevere and Prosper; or, The Siberian Sable-Hunter. 
 
 18mo 1843... 
 
 Make the Best of it; or, Cheerful Cherry, and other 
 
 Tales. 18ino 1843... 
 
 Wit Bought; or, The Adventures of Robert Merry. 18mo. 1844... 
 What to do, and How to do it; or, Morals and Manners. 
 
 18mo 1844... 
 
 A Home in the Sea ; or, The Adventures of Philip Brusque. 
 
 18mo 1845... 
 
 Right is Might, and other Sketches. 18mo 1845... 
 
 A Tale of the Revolution, and other Sketches. 18mo.... 1845... 
 DickBoldhero; or, The Wonders of South America. 18mo. 1846... 
 
 Truth-Finder; or, Inquisitive Jack. 18mo 1846>.. 
 
 Take Care of No. 1 ; or, The Adventures of Jacob Karl. 
 
 18mo 1850... 
 
 Tales of Sea and Land 1846... 
 
 Every-Day Book. Square 16mo. (Out of print,) 1835... 
 
 Parley's Present for All Seasons. 12mo 1853... 
 
 Parley's Wanderers by Sea and Land. 12mo 1854... 
 
 Parley's Fagots for the Fireside. 12mo 1854... 
 
 Parley's Balloon Travels of Robert Merry and his Young 
 
 Friends in various parts of Europe. 12mo 1856... 
 
 Parley's Adventures of Gilbert Goahead. 12mo 1856... 
 
 Parley's Adventures of Billy Bump, all the way from 
 
 Sundown to California. (In press.) 1857 
 
 Parley's Balloon Travels of Robert Merry and his Young 
 Friends in the Holy Land and other parts of Asia. 
 12mo. (In press.) 1857 
 
 PARLEY'S HISTORICAL COMPENDS. 
 Peter Parley's Universal History on the basis of Geogra 
 phy. Large square 16mo 1837... 
 
 Peter Parley's Common School History. 12mo 1837... 
 
 The First Book of History for Children and Youth. Large 
 
 square 12mo 1831.. 
 
 The Second Book of History Designed as a Sequel to the 
 
 First Book of History. Large square 12mo 1832.. 
 
 The Third Book of History Designed as a Sequel to the 
 
 First and Second Books of History. Square 12mo 1833.. 
 
 [The two preceding volumes were compiled under my 
 direction, and were then remodelled by me, but were 
 not published, nor were they intended to appear, 
 
 GOO 
 
 Date of No. 
 publication, volg. 
 
 as by Peter Parley; they have, however, passed 
 
 under that name for several years.] 
 rley's Tales about Ancient Rome, with some account 
 
 of Modern Italy. Square 16mo 1832... 1 
 
 rley's Tales about Ancient and Modern Greece. Square 
 
 16mo 1833... 1 
 
 stoire des Etats Unis d'Amerique. Published in Paris 
 
 .,_d the United States. 12mo 1853.:. 1 
 
 tite Histoire Universelle. Published in Paris and the 
 
 United States. 12mo 1853... I 
 
 [In the preparation of some of these, I had the aid of 
 
 N. Hawthorne and J. 0. Sargent, Esqs., &c.] 
 
 PARLEY'S MISCELLANIES. 
 PARLEY'S CABINET LIBRARY: 20 vols. small 12mo, as follows: 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Lives of Famous Men of Modern Times 1844-5. 
 
 2. Lives of Famous Men of Ancient Times 
 
 3. Curiosities of Human Nature 
 
 4. Lives of Benefactors 
 
 5. Lives of Famous American Indians 
 
 6. Lives of Celebrated Women 
 
 HISTORICAL DEPARTMENT. 
 
 '. Lights and Shadows of American History " 
 
 8. Lights and Shadows of European History " 
 
 |. Lights and Shadows of Asiatic History 
 
 0. Lights and Shadows of African History 
 
 L. History of the American Indians " 
 
 2. Manners, Customs, and Antiquities of the Ameri 
 
 can Indians u 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 3. A Glance at the Sciences " 
 
 4. Wonders of Geology " 
 
 5. Anecdotes of the Animal Kingdom " 
 
 6. A Glance at Philosophy " 
 
 7. Book of Literature, with Specimens 
 
 8. Enterprise, Industry, and Art of Man " 
 
 9. Manners and Customs of Nations " 
 
 0. The World and its Inhabitants " 
 
 'arley's Panorama; or, The Curiosities of Nature and 
 Art, History and Biography. Large 8vo, double co 
 lumns 1849... 1 
 
 'arley's Geography for Beginners. Square 16mo 1844... 1 
 
 [This is a reproduction and remodelling of " Parley's 
 Method of Telling about Geography for Children."] 
 Parley's Farewell. Large square 16mo. (Out of print.)... 1836... 1 
 
 Parley's Arithmetic. Square 16mo 1833... 1 
 
 Parley's Spelling-Book. (Out of print.) 1833... 1 
 
 Parley's Book of the United States. Square 16mo 1833... 1 
 
 Geographic Elemeutaire. 8vo 1854... 1 
 
 [Published at Paris.] 
 
 Elementary Geography. 8vo. With Maps :. 1834... 1 
 
 [Published in London.] 
 
 Parley's Present. Small 24mo. (Out of print.) 1836... 1 
 
 Parley's Dictionaries Of Botany, of Astronomy, of the 
 Bible, of Bible Geography, of History, of Commerce. 
 
 Six vols. large square 16mo 1834... 6 
 
 Three Months at Sea, (an English book, with additions 
 
 and modifications.) Square 16mo 1832... 1 
 
 The Captive of Nootka Sound. Square 16mo 1832... 1 
 
 The Story of Capt. Riley. do 1832... 1 
 
 The Story of La Perouse. do 1832... 1 
 
 The Story of Alexander Selkirk. do 1833... 1 
 
 Bible Stories, (a London book, with additions.) Square 
 
 16mo 1833... 1 
 
 Parley's Magazine. Began 1832. Large square 12mo.... 1833... 1 
 [This work was planned and established by me : but 
 after about a year I was obliged to relinquish it, 
 from ill health and an affection of my eyes. It was 
 conducted, without any interest or participation on 
 iny part, for about twelve years, when it ceased.] 
 Merry's Museum and Parley's Magazine. Large square 
 
 12mo. Commenced 1841 1841... 28 
 
 [This work was begun and established by me, under 
 the title of Merry's Museum, but after the discon 
 tinuance of Parley's Magazine the latter title was 
 added. The work continued under my exclusive 
 editorship until I left for Europe in 1850 ; from that 
 time, while I had a general charge of the work, Rev. 
 S. T. Allen was the home editor. At the close of the 
 fourteenth year, (the twenty-eighth semi-annual 
 volume. 1854.) my connection with the work en 
 tirely ceased.] 
 
 " Remarks. 
 
 " 1 thus stand before the public as the author and editor of about 
 one hundred and seventy volumes one hundred and sixteen bear 
 ing the name of Peter Parley. Of all these, about seven millions 
 of volumes have been sold : about three hundred thousand vo 
 lumes are now sold annually. 
 
 "A recent writer in the Boston Courier has said that the late 
 Mr. S. Kettell was the ' Veritable Peter Parley' thereby asserting, 
 in effect, and conveying the impression, that, he being the author 
 of the Parley Books, I, who have claimed them, am an impostor. 
 He has, moreover, claimed for him, in precise terms, the actual 
 authorship of various works which have appeared under my own 
 proper name. For reasons which will appear hereafter, I deem it 
 necessary to expose this impudent attempt at imposture absurd 
 and preposterous as it appears upon its very face. 
 
 " First, as to the Parley Books : it will probably be sufficient for 
 me to make the following statement. In respect to the thirty-six 
 
 701 
 
GOO 
 
 rolumes of Parley's Tales, in the preceding list, ttie earlier num 
 bers of which began and gave currency to the entire Parley series, 
 no person except myself ever wrote a single sentence. 
 
 " As to Parley's Historical Compe.ndssomn nine or ten volumes 
 I had the assistance of N. Hawthorne and J. 0. Sargent, Esqs., 
 and others ; but Mr. Kettell never wrote a line of any one of them ! 
 
 "As to Parley's Miscellanies about fifty volumes I had some 
 assistance from several persons in about a dozen of them. Air. 
 Kettell wrote a few sketches for five or six volumes of the Cabinet 
 Library, which I adapted to my purpose, and inserted : this is the 
 whole extent of his participation in the entire Parley series one hun 
 dred and sixteen volumes! 
 
 " J3=- He never wrote, planned, conceived, or pretended to be the au 
 thor of a single volume bearing Parley's name. Tfie pretence thus 
 set up for him. since his death, is as preposterous as it is impudent 
 and false. It would be, indeed, about as reasonable to claim for him 
 the authorship of Don Quixote, or Gil Bias, or Pilgrim's Progress, 
 as thus to give him the title of the ' VerUabU Peter ParUy.' 
 
 " The writer above noticed also claims for Mr. Kettell the chief 
 authorship of Merry's Museum, extending to about thirty volumes 
 large octavo. This claim is disposed of by the following letter 
 from Kev. S. T. ALLEN better qualified than any other person to 
 be a witness in the case : 
 
 "New York, Jan. 28, ISM. 
 " S. G. GOODRICH, ESQ. : 
 
 ' Dear Sir: I have read the several articles in the Boston Courier, 
 Signed ' Veritas,' claiming for the late Mr. Kettell the authorship 
 of Peter Parley's Tales, Merry's Museum, &c. As you request from 
 me a statement as to my knowledge on the subject, I cheerfully 
 give it, which you can publish if you please. 
 
 " I purchased, with an associate, the entire Merry's Museum in 
 1848 or 1849, from the beginning in 1841, and have been its pub 
 lisher until October last; that is, over six years. I have nearly, 
 from that time to the present, been its editor, wholly or in part. 
 Puring this period, Mr. Kettell has never written any thing for the 
 work. It is within my knowledge that he wrote some articles in 
 the earlier volumes, probably in all not exceeding one hundred 
 and eighty to two hundred pages. His principal articles were the 
 'Travels of Thomas Trotter' and 'Michael Kastoff;' these pos 
 sessed no particular merit, and did not aid or advance the reputa 
 tion of the work. 
 
 " The articles by you, extending through fifteen volumes, nearly 
 all of which have since been separately published as Peter Parley's 
 Tales, gave life, circulation, and character to the work. I have had 
 large opportunity to judge of this matter, as I have been, for more 
 than six years, in constant commuQication with the subscribers, 
 (ten or twelve thousand in number,) and I say, unhesitatingly, 
 that your articles in the Museum have fully sustained your repu 
 tation as the ablest, best-known, and most popular writer for youth 
 in this country. 
 
 " I may say, furthermore, that I have lately been in Europe, and 
 it is within my knowledge that Parley's works have been published 
 there in various languages, and are highly esteemed. 
 
 " I further state that I have read your reply to the Boston Cou 
 rier and ' Veritas' of January 13, and so far as my knowledge ex 
 tends, and especially in respect to Merry's Museum, it is strictly 
 correct. 
 
 " I need hardly say, in conclusion, therefore, that I consider these 
 claims of the Boston Courier and ' Veritas,' in favour of M r. Ket 
 tell, as wholly without foundation. All that can properly be said 
 is, that, out of five or six thousand pages of Merry's Museum, he con 
 tributed about two hundred pages, marked with no particular excel 
 lence. The only qualification that need be made is, that I have 
 understood that Mr. Kettell had some general superintendence of 
 the work for about six months, while you were absent in Europe ; 
 that is, from September, 1847, to March, 1848. Even during this 
 period, Mr. Kettell's labors seem to have been confined to writing 
 a few small articles and reading the proofs. 
 
 " Yours respectfully, STEPHEN T. ALLEN. 
 " 4"" Here, then, are eightrand-twenty volumes of Merry's Museum, 
 in addition to eighty-eight volumes of Parley's works, rescued from 
 the claims of this wholesale literary burglar. 
 
 "Another claim in behalf of Mr. Kettell is, that he was the au 
 thor of various valuable and important school-books, such as the 
 Pictorial History of the United States, a Pictorial History of Greece, 
 Ac. &c. Ac. The subjoined letter from Mr. George Savage, of the late 
 firm of Huntington & Savage, and now associated with Mr. J. H. 
 Colton & Co., Map and Geography Publishers in New York, will 
 settle this claim also. 
 
 New York, Jan. 31, 1856. 
 " MR. GOODRICH : 
 
 " Dear Sir : I have looked over the several attacks made upon 
 you in the Boston Courier by 'Veritas,' claiming that Mr. Kettell 
 was the author of several books which bear your name. I am 
 acquainted with the history of several of these works; and, so far 
 as my knowledge extends, the statements of ' Veritas' are entirely 
 destitute of foundation. I can speak positively as to four of the 
 books the Geographies' Parley's,' the ' Primer,' the ' National, 
 and the ' Comprehensive,' for I am, and have been for some years 
 their proprietor and publisher. I have also been interested in 
 them from the beginning, and it is within my knowledge that you 
 wrote them wholly and entirely. The statements of ' Veritas' as 
 to Mr. Kettell's authorship of the Pictorial History of Greece and 
 the United States are equally untrue. 
 
 ' Veritas' quotes a contract between you and Mr. Kettell of 
 May 26, 1846, to show that Mr. Kettell had written some of the 
 ' Parley's Compends of History.' If he will look at the books re 
 ferred to in this contract, he will see that your name is given a 
 the author, and not Parley's. 
 
 " I speak of these works, because I have been engaged in pub 
 lishing them, or most of them. It is evident that the articles in 
 the Courier are written, throughout, with great rashness ; and 
 though I do not impugn the motives of the writer, I feel free t< 
 say that, so far as they depend upon him, they seem to me entirely 
 inwortby of confidence. 
 702 
 
 GOO 
 
 " I have seen your replies, and, having had a large knowledge 
 _f your operations, I think your statements have been exact, rea 
 sonable, and just, and have no doubt the public will tbink so. 
 " Yours, truly, GEORGE SAVAGE. 
 
 "Another claim, in behalf of Mr. Kettell, made by this adven 
 turous writer, is, that the History of All Nations a. work of 1200 
 pages, royal 8vo, which appears under my name was published, 
 frith the exception of a few dry pages, 'as it came from Mr. Ket- 
 tell's graceful and flowing pen !' In reply, I offer the following 
 .etter, to which I invite the special attention of the reader, inas 
 much as it not only refutes this audacious pretence, but it explains 
 the nature of my connection with Mr. Kettell, the reason why I 
 employed him, and the nature and extent of the services he ren- 
 
 "New York, Feb. 3, 1856. 
 
 To THE EDITOR OF THE BOSTON COURIER : 
 
 "Sir: I have read the controversy which has been progressing 
 for some weeks in your journal, as to the alleged claims of Mr. 
 Kettell to the authorship of several works which have appeared 
 under my father's name. 
 
 "These claims, urged after Mr. Kettell's death, and by a person 
 totally irresponsible, seem hardly to merit serious consideration ; 
 but as they have been pressed in a spirit of evident hostility and 
 malice, it may be well for me to state what I know upon the 
 
 " For the last ten years I have been familiar with my father's 
 literary labours. I have seen the greater part of the manuscripts 
 sent to the printing-office, and have read the greater part of the 
 proofs returned, and can bear witness to the accuracy of the state 
 ments made in this connection, in my father's letter, published in 
 the New York Times of the 31st December. Having suffered 
 severely from weak eyes for the past twenty-five years, he has 
 been obliged to use the services of others in consulting author 
 ities, and sometimes in blocking out work to be afterwards syste 
 matized and reduced to order by him. In this. Mr. Kettell was 
 his principal assistant. He wrote always, as I understood it, as 
 an assistant, and in no sense as an author. His manuscripts were 
 never finished so as to be fit for the pi-ess. Their .publication, as 
 they were, would have been fatal to the reputation of any man who 
 should have taken the responsibility of them. It was my father's 
 task, after having planned these works, to read and remodel the 
 rough drafts of Mr. Kettell, to suit them to his own views, and to 
 prepare them for the public eye. This was, in some cases, a more 
 serious and fatiguing labor than it would have been to write the 
 work from the beginning. I may add that at one period Mr. Ket- 
 tell's manuscripts were referred to me for examination, and that 
 I was empowered to accept or reject them. Somewhat later I had, 
 for a time, occasion to remodel, adapt, and partly to re-write such 
 portions as were accepted. 
 
 " I have, naturally, no wish to detract from the merits of Mr. 
 Kettell. But in regard to the History of All Nations, a work 
 attributed by ' Veritas' to the ' graceful and flowing pen of Mr. 
 Kettell,' I must state that five persons (Mr. Kettell, Rev. Mr. Rob- 
 bins, of Berlin, Conn., Rev. Mr. Jenks, of Boston, myself, and my 
 father) were engaged upon it; the heaviest share the plan, the 
 fitting, the refining, the systematizing, and the general views 
 falling upon the latter. Perhaps 'Veritas' will pardon me if I 
 claim for myself the entire authorship of seventy-five pages, so 
 confidently attributed by him to the 'graceful and flowing pen 
 of Mr. Kettell.' 
 
 "Take notice, Mr. Editor, that I append my real name to this com 
 munication. In controversies of this kind, ivhere, honor, truth, and 
 the maintenance of a good name are involved, anonymous corre 
 spondence is held by the community to argue in its author meanness, 
 treachery, and cowardice. I think Mr. Kettell, were he living, 
 would be the first to disavow this eager service in his behalf by 
 his irresponsible advocate. 1 am yours, respectfully, 
 
 " F. B. GOODRICH. 
 
 "I believe I may now leave this matter to the judgment of the 
 public, with a few brief observations : 
 
 "The enormous claims in behalf of Mr. Kettell, set up by the 
 Boston Courier and its anonymous correspondent ' Veritas,' have 
 been disposed of as follows : 
 
 "1. Mr. Kettell never wrote a line of the thirty-six volumes of 
 Parley's Tales ; never a line of the ten volumes of Parley's Histori 
 cal Compends, expressly and repeatedly claimed for him; and of 
 the fifty volumes of Parley's Miscellanies he only wrote a few 
 sketches in half a dozen of them. To pretend, therefore, that he 
 is the 'Veritable Peter Parley,' is as gross an imposture as to call 
 him the ' Veritable Author' of Pickwick, or Guy Mannering, or the 
 Spectator. 
 
 " 2. The claim for Mr. Kettell of the authorship of Merry's Mu 
 seum thirty volumes is reduced to the writing of about two 
 hundred pages of indifferent matter, as a correspondent. 
 
 " 3. His claim to the authorship of the History of Greece, History 
 of the United States, Parley's Geography, the Primer of Geography, 
 National Geography, Comprehensive Geography and History, posi 
 tively asserted by ' Veritas,' is shown to be false in the beginning, 
 the middle, and the end. 
 
 " 4. The audacious claim of the entire authorship of the History 
 of All Nations comes to this: that Mr. Kettell was one of four per 
 sons who assisted me in the compilation of that work. 
 
 " 5. It appears, inasmuch as my eyes were weak for a series of 
 twenty-five years, rendering it sometimes impossible for me to 
 consult books, that I employed Mr. Kettell to block out several 
 works, according to plans minutely and carefully prescribed by 
 me; and that the materials thus furnished were reduced to 
 method, style, and manner, by me, so as to suit my own taste; 
 and that the works were published as thus remodeled, and not 
 as they were written by him. It appears, furthermore, that all 
 this was done with Mr. Kettell's full consent, upon written and 
 explicit agreements, and that he never did plan, devise, contrive, 
 or finally prepare, any book published under my name, nor was 
 he, nor did he ever claim to be, the author of any book thus pub 
 lished. 
 
GOO 
 
 GOO 
 
 6. It is material to state, distinctly, that while ' Veritas' claims 
 for Mr. Kettell the entire authorship of over one hundred and 
 twenty volumes of my works, he (Mr. Kettell) never assisted me, 
 in any way or in any degree, in more than twenty volumes, and 
 these only in the manner above indicated ; that is, in blocking 
 out works, mostly historical, under my direction, and to be finished 
 by me. 
 
 "7. 1 do not mean by this to depreciate Mr. Kettell's abilities; 
 but, inasmuch as these audacious claims in his behalf have been 
 pertinaciously and impudently urged, it is proper for me, in this 
 formal manner, to reduce them to their true dimensions. 
 
 "8. While I thus acknowledge the assistance rendered me by 
 Mr. Kettell in my historical compilations, it is proper to state that 
 I had the aid of other persons some of them of higher name and 
 fame than he. Among my assistants were N. Hawthorne, E. Sar 
 gent, J. 0. Sargent, S. P. Holbrook, Esqs., Rev. Royal Robbins, Rev. 
 E. G. Smith, Rev. W. S. Jenks, and others. The claims of ' Veri 
 tas,' if admitted, would not only rob me of the authorship of a 
 hundred volumes, which I wrote, but would transfer to Mr. Ket 
 tell about twenty volumes, to which several other authors contri 
 buted with greater ability than he. 
 
 "9. I think it may be safely assumed that in the history of lite 
 rature there is not a more impudent attempt at imposture than 
 this, which originated in the Boston Courier. It is easy to com 
 prehend why the author has not dared to give his name to the 
 public but has continued to make his attacks behind the mask 
 of an anonymous title. That I deem myself called upon to notice 
 him arises from the fact that he derived a certain color of author 
 ity from the Editor of the Courier, and from publishing papers and 
 documents belonging to Mr. Kettell's heirs though these con 
 tributed in no degree either to refute the statement here made or 
 to substantiate any portion of the claims here referred to. 
 
 " 10. Literary history is full of instances in which littleness, 
 allied to malignity, has signalized itself by seeking to deprive 
 authors of their just claims; and, while thus doing wrong to their 
 literary labors, attempting also to degrade them in the eyes of 
 the world as guilty of appropriating to themselves honors which 
 do not belong to them. It is also a vice of base minds to believe 
 imputations of this sort without evidence, or even against evi 
 dence, when once they have been suggested. I do not think it 
 best, therefore, to leave my name to be thus dealt with by future 
 pretenders, who may desire to emulate this Boston adventurer. 
 
 SPURIOUS PARLEY BOOKS. 
 
 AMERICAN COUNTERFEITS AND IMPOSITIONS. 
 
 "In the United States the name of Parley has been applied to 
 several works of which I am not the author, though for the most 
 part from mistake and not from fraudulent designs. The follow 
 ing are among the number : 
 
 Date of No. 
 publication, vole. 
 
 Parley's Washington. 18mo 1832... 1 
 
 Parley's Columbus. do 1832... 1 
 
 Parley's Franklin. do 1832... 1 
 
 [The name of Parley is not in the title-page of any 
 of these works, but is put upon the back, and they 
 are sold as Parley books, but without authority, 
 though at the outset, as I believe, with no im 
 proper design.] 
 
 Parley's Miscellanies. 18mo ... 1 
 
 Parley's Consul's Daughter, and other Tales. 18mo ... 1 
 
 Parley's Tales of Humor. ' 18mo.... ... 1 
 
 Parley's Tales of Terror. do .-. ... 1 
 
 Parley's Tales for the Times, do ... 1 
 
 Parley's Tales of Adventure, do ... 1 
 
 [The publication of this series, under the name of 
 Parley, is, I believe, abandoned, as I remonstrated 
 with the publishers against it, as a fraud upon the 
 public.] 
 
 Parley's Picture-Books 12 kinds ...12 
 
 [These I have not seen : they are, however, imposi 
 tions.] 
 
 The Rose, by Peter Parley ... 1 
 
 The Bud, by Peter Parley ... 1 
 
 The Mines of different Countries, by Peter Parley ... 1 
 
 The Garden, by Peter Parley L.... 1 
 
 The Gift, by Peter Parley ... 1 
 
 The Flower-Basket, by Peter Parley ... 1 
 
 Fairy Tales, by Peter Parley ... 1 
 
 [The preceding seven volumes I have not seen, but 
 I find them in some of the American catalogues. 
 They are all spurious.] 
 
 Parley's Book of Books. Square 16mo ... 1 
 
 [This book, I believe, consists of extracts from Par 
 ley's Magazine. Its publication in this form, so 
 far as it may convey the idea that it is written by 
 me, is deceptive.] 
 Parley's Pictorial A book for Home Education and 
 
 Family Entertainment. 8vo ... 1 
 
 Parley's Household Library. 8vo ... 1 
 
 [These two works are from old altered plates of Par 
 ley's Magazine, and are designed to deceive the 
 public by making it believe that they are origi 
 nal works, and by the author of Parley's Tales. 
 They are a gross and shameful imposition.] 
 
 ENGLISH COUNTERFEITS AND IMPOSITIONS. 
 
 [The London publishers and authors have made a 
 large business of preparing and publishing Parley 
 books. Some of these are republications, without 
 change, from the genuine American editions, to 
 which I make no objection ; some are the genuine 
 works, more or less altered ; and many others are 
 counterfeits, every means being used to pass them 
 off upon the public as by the original author of 
 
 Parley's Tales. Among the most notorious of these 
 are the following : 
 
 Date of No. 
 publication. Toll. 
 
 Peter Parley's Annual. A Christmas and New Year's 
 
 Present. Published by Darton & Go 1841...14 
 
 [This is a large 16mo, with colored engravings, 
 and has been continued from 1841 to 1855 14 
 volumes.] 
 Peter Parley's Royal Victoria Game of the Kings and 
 
 Queens of England. 18mo. Darton <& Co 1834... 1 
 
 Parley's Book of Gymnastics. Sq. 16mo. Darton & Co. 1840... 1 
 Parley's Parting Gift. do. do. 1846... I 
 
 Parley's Book of Industry. do. do. 1855... 1 
 
 Parley's Book of Poetry. do. do. 1843... 1 
 
 Parley's Ireland. do. do. 1843... 1 
 
 Parley's Wonders of Earth, Sea, and Sky. 
 
 Square 16mo. do. 1853... 1 
 
 Parley's Odds and Ends. Square 16mo. do. 1840... 1 
 
 Parley's Peeps at Paria do. do. 1848... 1 
 
 Parley's Prize Book. do. do. 1848... 1 
 
 Parley's School Atlas. do. do. 1842... 1 
 
 Parley's Canada. do. do. 1839... 1 
 
 Parley's China and the Chinese, do. do. 1844... 1 
 
 Parley's Child's Own Atlas. Square. , do. 1853... 1 
 
 Parley's Life and Journey of St. Paul. Square 16mo. 
 
 Simpkins 1845... 1 
 
 Peter Parley's Lives of the Twelve Apostles. Sq. 16mo. 
 
 Bogue 1844... 1 
 
 Peter Parley's Visit to London during the Coronation. 
 
 Sq. 16rno. Bogue 1838... 1 
 
 Peter Parley's Tales of England. Scotland, and Ireland. 
 
 Sq.l6mo. Tegg 1842... 1 
 
 Peter Parley's Mythology of Greece and Rome. Sq. 16mo. 
 
 Tegg 1841... 1 
 
 Peter Parley's Tales of Greece, Ancient and Modern. 
 
 Square 16mo. Tegg 1842... 1 
 
 Peter Parley's Tales of Ancient Rome and Modern Italy. 
 
 Sq. 16mo. Tegg 1840... 1 
 
 Peter Parley's Tales about Christmas. Sq. 16mo. 7^.1839...! 
 Peter Parley's Shipwrecks. dp. do. 1846... 1 
 
 Parley's Plants. do. do. 1839... 1 
 
 Parley's Modern Geography do. do. 1837... 1 
 
 Parley's Bible Geography. Sq. 16mo. J. S. Hodson 1839... 1 
 
 Parley's Child's First Step. Sq. 16mo. Clements 1839... 1 
 
 [There are still other counterfeits of Parley's works, 
 issued by various parties in London. The utter 
 disregard of truth, honor, and decency, on the 
 part of respectable British authors and publishers 
 in this wholesale system of imposition and injustice, 
 is all the more remarkable when we consider that 
 the British public, and especially the British 
 authors and booksellers, are denouncing us in 
 America as pirates, for refusing international copy 
 right. 
 
 The conduct of all these parties places them, morally, 
 on a footing with other counterfeiters and forgers: 
 public opinion, in the United States, would con 
 sign persons conducting in this manner to the 
 same degree of reprobation. Can it be that, in 
 England, a man who utters a counterfeit five- 
 pound note is sent to Newgate, while another may 
 issue thousands of counterfeit volumes and not 
 destroy his reputation?"] 
 
 The above list certainly presents a tolerable proof that 
 Mr. Goodrich has been no idler in the Republic of Letters. 
 And his works are not among those which clog the book 
 seller's shelves and excite his periodical indignation on 
 the annual review of his stock in trade. They may be 
 emphatically called " Live Stock," for of some of them 
 more than fifty thousand copies are circulated every year, 
 and of all of them, as before stated, the aggregate sale 
 amounts to about three hundred thousand volumes annu 
 ally : in all about seven millions of volumes have been 
 sold ! And here we must remark that it would be a great 
 error to suppose that PETER PARLEY confines his energies 
 to his personal aggrandizement only: 
 
 " Mr. Goodrich has been a liberal patron of American authors and 
 artists ; and it is questionable whether any other person has done 
 as much to improve the style of the book manufacture, or to pro 
 mote the arts of engraving. It is believed that he has put in circula 
 tion more than two [seven] millions of volumes of his own produc 
 tions; all of which inculcate pure morality and cheerful views of 
 life. His style is simple and unaffected ; the flow of his verse me 
 lodious ; and his subjects generally such as he is capable of treat 
 ing most successfully." Griswold's Potts and Pwtry of America. 
 Can an author desire higher commendation than that 
 which follows ? 
 
 " For twenty years he has preserved the confidence of parents 
 and teachers of every variety of condition and opinion, by an in 
 defectible morality and strong practical sense, which are univer 
 sally understood and approved." International Magazine, ii. 154. 
 " Mr. Parley has too much reputation as a popular instructor 
 of the young, to need any very urgent recommendation on our 
 part." ion. Monthly Repository. 
 
 " The honoured name of Peter Parley (S. G. Goodrich) when pro 
 nounced calls to mind many of the pleasantest incidents of our 
 youth. For more than twenty years his delightful compositions 
 have instructed and edified children in both hemispheres; and it 
 is to be regretted that unprincipled usurpers have invaded the 
 field of his well-earned fame, even under his own banner." 
 Trubner's Bibliographical Guide to Amer. Lit. 
 
 Goodrich, Simon. Clocks ; Nic. Jour. 1799. 
 
GOO 
 
 GOO 
 
 Goodrich, Thomas, d. 1554, Bishop of Ely, 1534, 
 aided in the revision of the trans, of the New Testament, 
 1540, in the compilation of the Common Prayer Book of 
 1548, and in The Institution of a Christian Man; or, the 
 Bishop's Book. See Burnet's Reformation : Strype's 
 Cranmer ; Strype's Parker ; Master's Hist, of C. C. C., C.j 
 Bentham's Hist, of Ely. 
 
 Goodrick, John, Bishop of Norwich. A thanks- 
 
 fiving Serrn. for Victory over the Rebels, on Ps. xlvi. 
 0, 11, 1685, 4to. 
 
 Goodricke, Henry. 1. Observ. on Dr. Price's Civil 
 Liberty, Ac., Lon., 1776, 8vo. 2. A Speech, 1779, 8vo. 
 
 Goodricke, John. Astronom. con. to Phil. Trans., 
 1783, '85, '86. 
 
 Goodridge, John. The Phoenix; or, Reasons for 
 believing that the Comet is the real Phoenix of the An 
 cients, Lon., 1781, 8vo. 
 
 Goodsir, John. Con. to Annals of Med., 1801, '02. 
 
 Goodwin. Transubstantiation, Lon., 1688, fol. 
 
 Goodwin, Christopher. See GOODWYN. 
 
 Goodwin, E. S., of Sandwich, Mass., d. 1833, aged 
 46. Serms. 
 
 Goodwin, Francis, an eminent architect, d. 1835. 
 Domestic Architecture. New ed., Lon., 1835, r. 4to; 96 
 plates. New ed., including the supplement, 1850, 2 vols. 
 4to. This eminent architect designed many of the hand 
 some buildings which arrest the eye of the traveller in the 
 midland counties of England, and in parts of Ireland. 
 Lissadell Court is one of his works, and in the vols. noticed 
 above will be found the details connected with the erection 
 of this pile. Perhaps the Manchester Town-Hall is his 
 chef-d'ceuvre. At the time of his death he was preparing 
 plans for the erection of the new Houses of Parliament. 
 His intense application to this duty brought on a fit of 
 apoplexy, which proved fatal. 
 
 Goodwin, George. Melissa Religionis Pontificae 
 ejusdemque apostrope X. Elegiis, Lon., 1620, 4to. The 
 same in English, by John Vicars, Lon., 1624, 4to. 
 
 Goodwin, Harvey, late Fellow and Mathemat Lec 
 turer of Gonville and Caius College. 1. Elementary Course 
 of Mathematics ; 5th ed., 1857, 8vo. 2. Problems to above, 
 1847, 8vo. 3. Parish Serms., 1847, 12mo. 4. Second 
 Series of do., 1851, 12mo. 5. Four Serms., 1853, 12mo. 
 
 6. Short Serms. at Celeb, of Lord's Supper, 1853, 12mo. 
 
 7. Comment, on the Gospel of St. Matthew, 1857, p. 8vo. 
 Goodwin, Isaac. 1. The Town Officer; or, Laws of 
 
 Mass. rel. to the Duties of Municipal Officers, Ac., Wor 
 cester, 1825, 12 mo. 
 
 " Mr. Goodwin has adopted the plan of Dickinson's Town Officer, 
 or rather, we should say. the plan of every author of Digests and 
 Abridgments, from Brooke to Bigelow, aud has done his work 
 more thoroughly than any of his predecessors." 4 U. S. Lit. 
 Go*., 31. 
 
 2. The New England Sheriff, Worcester, 1830, 8vo. 
 " To every Sheriff, Coroner and Constable, it will be an indis 
 pensable manual." 5 Amer. Jur,, 208. 
 
 Goodwin, John, 1593-1665, an independent divine, 
 was a zealous republican, and promoted the condemnation 
 of Charles L, and afterwards endeavoured to justify his 
 course by writing a pamphlet called The Obstructors of 
 Justice, 1649, 4to. This, together with Milton's Eicono- 
 clastes, and Defensio pro Populo Anglicano, were, on the 
 Restoration, burnt by the common hangman, Aug. 27, 
 1660. He was educated at Queen's Coll., Camb. ; pre 
 sented to the living of St. Stephen's, Coleman Street, 
 London, 1633 ; dismissed for refusing to baptize the chil 
 dren of his parishioners promiscuously, and to administer 
 the Lord's Supper to bis whole parish. He became 
 warm Arminian, and was a zealous supporter of his 
 opinions. He pub. a number of theolog. and political 
 works, of which the following are the best known. 1 
 Treatise of Justification. Lon.. 1642, fol. New ed., by 
 Wesley, 12mo. 
 
 " John Goodwin, not yet turned Arminian, preached and wrote 
 with great diligence about justification, against the rigid sense 
 of imputation; who being answered by Mr. Walker and Mr 
 Roborough, with far inferior strength, his book had the greater 
 success for such answerers." BAXTER. 
 
 2. The Divine Authority of Scripture Asserted, 1648, 4to, 
 " Pessessed of very considerable merit. It contains more origi 
 
 nality and ingenious biblical interpretation than most books of 
 the period known to me; and throughout it breathes a spirit of 
 the purest piety towards God, and of good will towards men." 
 O>-me's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " It has ever been considered a masterpiece of polemical theo 
 logy." Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 " A work of great value ; full of sound theology and origina 
 views of the Bible." Lon. Chris. Instructor. 
 
 3. Right and Might well met : or a briefe and impartial 
 
 704 
 
 Enquiry into the Proceedings of the Army under Lord 
 Fairfax, Ac., 1648, 4to. 
 
 "This was considered, at the time of its publication, one of the 
 most powerful and successful pamphlets, written on religious 
 principles, in favour of the Republican army." Lowndes's Bibl. 
 Man. 
 
 4. Redemption Redeemed, 1651, fol. New ed., 1840, 8vo. 
 " The ablest defence of general redemption that ever appeared 
 
 in an English dress, and may be fairly considered as exhibiting 
 the strength of that cause." Dr. E. Williams's C. P. 
 
 ' Though assailed by Twisse and others, Goodwin's work has 
 never been successfully refuted." 
 
 " Redemption Redeemed is perhaps as powerful a plea for Ar 
 minian views as has been published. If you read it, read also 
 Kendall's and Owen's able Replies." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 Thos. Lamb and Richard Resbury were also among the 
 answerers to this work. 
 
 5. An Exposition of the Ninth Chap, of the Epist. of 
 St. Paul to the Romans. New ed., with a Pref. by Thomas 
 Jackson, 1835, 8vo. 
 
 " An able and earnest defence of the important tenet of justifica 
 tion by faith." Dr. E. Williams's C. P. 
 
 "The public owes some gratitude to Mr. Jackson (the eminent 
 Wesleyan) for the publication, in so very handsome a form, of this 
 standard work of Goodwin's, in which the Arminian doctrine is 
 most ably advocated. Goodwin's ironical preface to the Lord- 
 Mayor and Aldermen, as a theological council, is first-rate in its 
 way." British Magazine. 
 
 6. Christian Theology, selected and systematically ar 
 ranged from his Writings, with Life, by Saml. Dunn, 
 1836. 7. Life by Jackson, 8vo. 
 
 " An able defence of this celebrated Arminian." BickersteWs 
 Chris. Stu. 
 
 " Contains many curious particulars about the author and his 
 times.'' Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Goodwin's violence as a politician has prejudiced many 
 against him, not without cause, we think; but as a theo 
 logian few have been more highly commended. 
 
 " A person whom his worth, pains, diligence, and opinions, and 
 the contests wherein on their account he hath publicly engaged, 
 have delivered him from being the object of any ordinary thoughts 
 r expressions. Nothing not great, not considerable, not some 
 ay eminent, is by any spoken of him, either consenting with 
 him, or dissenting from him." DR. OWJSN. 
 
 " He had a clear head, a fluent tongue, a penetrating spirit, and 
 marvellous faculty in descanting on Scripture." DR. CALAMY. 
 ' His great learning, good sense, and extraordinary style for 
 that day, render his works worth reading." JOHN ORTON. 
 
 He possessed no ordiuary portion of strength and originality 
 of mind, a large measure of disinterested zeal, and a capacity for 
 usefulness which was exceeded by few of his contemporaries." 
 ORME. 
 
 See Neal's Puritans; Calamy; Barton's Remains, p. 122. 
 Goodwin, John, Rector of Clapham, Surrey. Serm. 
 on Prov. xix. 2, 1738, 4to. 
 
 Goodwin, Nath. Serms., 1705, Ac., 4to. 
 Goodwin, P. A. Memoirs of Andrew Jackson, 
 Hartford, 12mo. 
 
 Goodwin, Peter. Serms., 1732, '37, '40, 8vo. 
 Goodwin, Philip, d. 1699 ? Vicar of Watford, pub. 
 a work on the Lord's Supper, one on Dreams, and other 
 treatises, 1649-58. 
 
 Goodwin, Simon. The Messiah ; a Poem, Lon., 
 1772, 4to. 
 
 Goodwin, T. The Loyal Shepherd, or the Rustic 
 Heroine; a Dram. Past. Poem., Lon., 1779, 8vo. 
 
 Goodwin, Thomas, D.D., 1600-1697, a high-Cal- 
 vinist Independent divine, a native of Rolesby, Norfolk, 
 was educated at Christ Church and Catherine Hall, (of 
 which he became Fellow,) Camb. ; Lecturer of Trinity 
 Church, Camb., 1628; Vicar, 1632; relinquished his pre 
 ferments, 1634, and became pastor of an Independent 
 congregation at Arnheim, Holland ; returned to London, 
 and became a member of the Assembly of Divines ; Pre 
 sident of Magdalen Coll., Oxf., 1649; ejected at the 
 Restoration; preached in London until his death in 1697. 
 After his death a number of his works valuable theolo 
 gical treatises were pub. in 5 vols. fol., 1681, '83, '92, 
 '97, 1704, but some pub. in his lifetime (1647, 4to) were 
 not included, viz. : Certain Select Cases Resolved ; A 
 Child of Light walking in Darkness; The Returne of 
 
 Prayers; The Tryall of a Christian's Growth, Ac.; Ag 
 gravation of Sinne, Ac. ; Vanitie of Thoughts ; Christ set 
 Forth; The Heart of Christ; Encouragements to Faith; 
 and also in the collective ed. of his works Christ the 
 Universal Peace-Maker. Some other treatises and sepa 
 rate series were also pub. before his death. See Bibl. 
 Brit. ; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; Darling's Cyc. Bibl., and 
 authorities below. 
 
 " Goodwin's pieces published in hislifetime are the most valuable. 
 . . . Many accurate and valuable remarks on Scripture. The Child 
 of Light walking in Darkness is very useful for afflicted con 
 sciences." See Dr. E. Williams's C. P. 
 
GOO 
 
 GOR 
 
 Bickersteth styles Goodwin's Exposition of the 1st and 
 part of the 2d chapter of Ephesians 
 
 " A remarkable display of the riches of the Scriptures, and full 
 of evangelical matter." Christian Student. 
 
 " His Works, besides many discourses, include an exposition of 
 part of the Epistle to the Ephesians, part of the book of Revela 
 tion, and some other portions of Scripture ; but, from their extent 
 and prolixity, they are not likely to be much consulted. Dr. 
 Goodwin was a learned man, said to be rather high in his Calvin- 
 istic sentiments, (though I have not observed much of this,) but 
 excelled in expounding the Scriptures. He delighted to search 
 into abstruse and difficult texts. The least particle of speech came 
 under his notice, and in numerous instances he has made it ap 
 pear how much depends upon the connecting particles in Scrip 
 ture, which are generally overlooked." Orme's Bill. Bib. 
 
 "Dr. Goodwin, with sentiments truly evangelical, and a most 
 happy talent at opening, sifting, and displaying the hidden riches 
 of Scripture." HERVET. 
 
 Anthony a Wood considered Owen and Goodwin the 
 two Atlases and Patriarchs of Independency. 
 
 " Dr. Goodwin's Works are numerous, and, in point of sentiment, 
 valuable. ... He was a good scholar, and an eminent divine and 
 textuary. His style is involved and obscure." Dr. E. Williams's 
 C.P. ' 
 
 " A Puritan Divine of very superior powers, whose writings cast 
 much light on the Scriptures on which he treats. He enters very 
 fully into the peculiar mode of expression in the sacred writings, 
 is very evangelical, and full of useful matter." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 Goodwin's treatises original edits. had become very 
 scarce and dear ; hut the new edits., 1840-51, pub. by 
 Mr. Shaw, Seeleys, and the London Religious Tract So 
 ciety, have reduced the value of the former. See Athen. 
 Oxon. ; Calamy ; Neal's Puritans. 
 
 Goodwin, Thomas, son of the preceding, and 
 pastor of a Dissenting congregation at Pinner, Middlesex. 
 A Discourse of the True Nature of the Gospel. In an 
 swer to the Eev. Mr. Thos. Lorimer's Apology, Lon., 
 1695,. 4to. 
 
 Goodwin, Thomas. Hist, of the Reign of Henry 
 V., King of England, Ac., Lon., 1704, fol. 
 
 " Compiled from good authorities." See Bp. Nicolson's Eng. 
 Hist. Lib. 
 
 Goodwin, or Goodwyn, Thomas, surgeon. Hamp- 
 stead Waters and Bathing, Lon., 1804, 12mo. 
 
 Goodwin, Wm. Serm. Oxon., 1614, 4to. 
 
 Goodwyn, or Goodwin, Christopher. 1. The 
 Chauce of the Dolorous Louer, Lon., 1520, 4to. 
 
 " Mr. Heber's richly-furnished library may boast of a copy of it." 
 J)ibdiri's Lib. Oomp. 
 
 "A lamentable story without pathos." Warton's Hist, of Eng. 
 Poet. 
 
 But not without passion : for thus the " Dolorous Louer" 
 apostrophizes his Ladie Faire : 
 
 " rubycunde ruby and perle most argent, 
 gyloffer gentyll and swete flowre delyce, 
 daynte dyamounde and moost resplendent, 
 doulcet blossome of a full grete pryce." 
 
 Could the lady resist an appeal so impassioned ? 
 
 2. The Mayden's Dreme, compyled and made, 1542, 
 sine anno, 4to. 
 
 " A vision without imagination." WARTON : ubi supra. 
 
 Goodwyn, Edmund, M.D. Med. treatise, 1786> 
 '88, 8vo. 
 
 Goodwyn, H. Interest Table; Nic. Jour., 1801. 
 
 Goodwyn, John. Gauging, Lon., 1594, 16mo. 
 
 Goodwyn, Thomas. See GOODWIN. 
 
 Goodyear, Aaron. Serpent's Bite, Phil. Trans.,1698. 
 
 Goodyeare, Wm., merchant. Trans, of John Car- 
 themy's Wandering Knight, Lon., 1584; again, sine anno, 
 4to. We have already noticed this allegorical work ; see 
 BUNYAN, JOHN; Lon. Retrosp. Rev., i. 250, 1820. 
 
 Googe, Barnaby, b. 1538 ? a poet and translator, 
 of whom but little is known, was educated at Christ's 
 Coll., Cambridge, whence he removed to Staples Inn. See 
 authorities cited below. 1. Trans, of the Firste Three 
 Bokes of Palingenius's Zodiake of Lyfe, Lon., 1560. The 
 trans, of the Firste Syxe Bokes was pub. in 1561, 12mo. 
 The whole in 1565, 16mo, 8vo, and 4to; 1588, 4to. These 
 edits, are rare; Bibl. Anglo-Poet., edit, of 1561, 5 5s.; 
 of 1565, 9 9s.; of 1588, 6 6s. 
 
 "Googe's Zodiac of Palingenius was a favourite performance, 
 and is constantly classed with the poetical translations of the 
 period by cotemporary critics. The work itself was written by 
 G. A. Manzolius, and contains sarcasms against the Pope, the Car 
 dinals, and the Church of Rome." ELLIS. 
 
 But see Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet. 
 
 " This poem is a general satire on life, yet without peevishness 
 or malevolence; and with more of the solemnity of the censor 
 than the petulance of the satirist." WARTON : ubi supra. 
 
 " Copious extracts from this wretchedly dull book are given in 
 Cens. Lit. ; but why are they given ?" Dibdin's Lib. Comp. 
 
 2. Eglogs, Epitaphes, and Sonnettes, 1563, 8vo ; 1570, 4to. 
 
 " Mr. Steevens, of which library this book formed No. 876, (sold 
 for 10 15s. 6d.,) said there was no scarcer book in the English 
 language than this. It now belongs to Mr. Heber." Cens. Lit. 
 
 There is another copy in the Library of Trin. Coll., 
 Camb. 3. Trans, of T. Naogeovgius's Popish Kingdom, 
 1570, 4to. 4. Trans, of Foure Bookes of Husbandrie from 
 Heresbachius, enlarged, 1577, '86, 4to. By Gervase Mark- 
 ham, with Notes and Illustrations, 1614, 4to. See Donald 
 son's Agricult. Biog. 5. Trans, of The Proverbes of Sir 
 James Lopes de Mendoza, 1579, 16mo. Googe also pub. 
 trans, of Aristotle's Categories and Virgil's Georgics. See 
 FLEMING, ABRAHAM; GOOCH, BERNARD, in this vol.; and 
 the following works, in addit. to those cited above: Tuber- 
 ville's Sonnets; Tanner; Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet.; 
 Churton's Life of Nowel; Strype's Parker; Restituta : 
 Ellis's Specimens. 
 
 Gookin, Daniel, d. 1687, aged 75, a native of Kent, 
 England, emigrated to Virginia, 1621; settled in Cam 
 bridge, Mass., 1644; visited England, 1656; Major-Gene 
 ral of Mass., 1681-86. He was Superintendent of the 
 Indians who had submitted to the governor of Massa 
 chusetts, from 1656 until his death, and zealously co-ope 
 rated with Eliot in his efforts for their spiritual instruc 
 tion. Historical Collections of the Indians in New Eng 
 land. This was written in 1674, and remained in MS. 
 until 1792, when it was pub. by the Mass. Hist. Soc. He 
 also wrote history of N. England. See Mass. Hist. Coll., 
 i. 226, 228 ; vii. 23 ; Holmes's Hist, of Camb. ; Hutchin- 
 son; Mather's Magnalia; Johnson's Wond.-Work. Prov., 
 109, 192 ; Stith, 205 ; Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet, 
 
 Gookin, Nathaniel, d. 1734, aged 46, grandson of 
 the preceding, and minister of Hampton, N. H., graduated 
 at Harvard Coll., 1703 ; succeeded Jojbn Cotton, 1710. He 
 pub. three serms. occasioned by the earthquake in Oct. 
 1727, to which is added an account of the earthquake, Ac. 
 See Mass. Hist. Coll., vii. 55 ; Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. 
 
 Gookin, Vincent. Transplanting the Irish into Con- 
 naught, Ac. ; in answer to Rich. Laurence, Lon., 1695, 4to. 
 
 Goold, Rev. Wm. H. See OWEN, JOHN, D.D. 
 
 Goolden, Samuel. Gangrene; Ed. Med. Ess., 1734. 
 
 Gordon, a layman. Serm., 1733, 8vo. 
 
 Gordon. 1. Comedies of Terence in Eng. Verse, Lon., 
 1752, 12mo. 2. Powers of Ecclesiastics, 1776, 8vo. 
 
 Gordon of Loch invar. Encouragements for such as 
 shall have Intention to bee Undertakers in the new Planta 
 tion of Cape Briton, now New Galloway, in America, by 
 mee, Lochinvar, Edin., 1620, 4to; Gordounston, 1073, 3. 
 
 Gordon, Lt.- Col. To the Volunteer Corps,Lon.,1805. 
 
 Gordon, Abraham. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq.. 
 1755. 
 
 Gordon, Sir Adam, Rector of West Tilbury, Essex, 
 Preb. of Bristol. His best-known works are 1. Serms., 
 Lon., 1790, 2 vols. 2. Discourses, Ac. ; the substance of 
 the Homilies in a modern style, 1795, 2 vols. 8vo ; 1817, 
 
 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Very necessary for every clergyman to possess, who wishes 
 properly to discharge his pastoral duties." Bp. TOMLINE. 
 
 But see Bickersteth's Chris. Stu., 4th ed., p. 325. 
 
 3. Serms., 1796, 8vo. 4. Fifty-two Lectures on the 
 Catechism of the Ch. of Eng.' with three Discourses, 1817, 
 
 3 vols. 8vo. He pub. a number of occasional serms : see 
 Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Gordon, Alexander. Tyrocinium Linguae Latinse, 
 Lon., 1664, 8vo. 
 
 Gordon, Alexander. Theatre of the Scottish Kings, 
 1709, 4to. 
 
 Gordon, Alexander, d. 1750, a Scotch antiquary, 
 resided for many years on the continent, and also visited 
 Carolina in 1741, and died there. He was a good Greek 
 scholar, and an excellent draughtsman. 1. Itinerarium 
 Septentrionale; or, a Journey through most of the Counties 
 of Scotland, and those in the North of England. In two 
 Parts, Lon., 1726, fol. 2. Supplement to above, 1732, foL 
 A Latin edit, of Nos. 1 and 2 was pub. in Holland, 1731. 
 3. The Lives of Pope Alex. VI. and his son Caesar Borgia, 
 Ac., Lon., 1729, fol. 4. Trans, of Maffei's Hist, of the 
 Ancient Amphitheatres, 1730, 8vo; 2d ed. enlarged, 625 
 Plates of Mummies, about 1739, fol. 5. Essays resp. 
 Mummies, 1737, fol. See Nichols's Lit. Anec. 
 
 Gordon, Alexander, of Achintoul, several years 
 Major-General in the Czar's service. 1. Hist, of Peter 
 the Great, Aberdeen, 1755, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. The Prussiad ; 
 an Heroic Poem, Ac., Lon., 1759, 4to. 
 
 Gordon, Alexander, M.D. 1. Puerperal Fever of 
 Aberdeen, Lon., 1795, 8vo. 2. In conjunction with Rev. 
 Dr. Colin Milne, Indigenous Botany, vol. i., 1793, 8vo. 
 3. Con. to Med. Com., 1793. 
 
 Gordon, Sir Alexander Duff, Bart. 1. Trans, of 
 Sketches of German Life, Lon., 1847, p. 8vo. 
 
 " This is a selection deserving of more than ordinary 
 
 attention. 
 '06 
 
GOR 
 
 Though the writer [Von Ense] does not take a high rank among 
 the authors of modern Germany, in right either of original talent 
 or any peculiar charm of style as a narrator, he is easy, circum 
 stantial, and trustworthy. He has lived, too, among distinguished 
 people and in stirring times." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 2. Trans, of A. Weill's Village Tales from Alsatia. New 
 ed., 1847, sq. 3. In conjunction with Lady Duff Gordon, 
 Trans, of Leopold Ranke's Memoirs of the House of 
 Brandenburg and Hist, of Prussia, 1849, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "Professor Ranke has devoted some eight or ten years to the 
 examination of materials especially relating to the period embraced 
 by this history ; he was, moreover, one of the Commission ap 
 pointed to superintend the preparation of the new edition of the 
 Great Frederick's works now in course of publication at Berlin, 
 and has thus been enabled to gain a fresh insight into several 
 portions of that monarch's life, and to throw a new light upon 
 several of his actions." Translators' Preface. 
 
 "The translation transfers the whole value of the original work 
 into our language, and, whatever may be its merits as an historical 
 composition, they now belong as much to English as German 
 literature." Lon. Economist. 
 
 "The translation is well done, on a somewhat free principle; 
 not free as to the sense, for the translators have completely pene 
 trated their author's meaning ; but free with respect to the choice 
 of words and the structure of opinion." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 Gordon, Alexander George, M.D. The Com 
 plete English Physician ; or, a Univ. Lib. of Family Med., 
 Lon., 1778, 8vo. 
 
 Gordon, Andrew, 1712-1751, Prof, of Philos. in 
 the Scots Monastery of the Benedictines at Erfurt. His 
 principal works are 1. Progr. de studii philosophic! digni- 
 tate et utilitate, Erfurt, 1737, 4to. 2. De Concordandis 
 mensuris, 1742, 4to. 3. Phaenomena electricitatis exposita, 
 1744, 8vo. 4. Physica experimentalis elementa, 1751-52, 
 2 vols. 8vo, with plates. Dr. Priestley says that Gordon 
 was the first person who used a cylinder instead of a globe 
 in the electrical apparatus. See Hirsching's Manual of 
 Eminent Persons who died in the 18th Century. 
 
 Gordon, Anthony. Science of Defence, Lon., 1805, 
 4to. 
 
 Gordon, Bernard, a native of Gordon, in Rouvergne, 
 France, is improperly called a Scotsman by Watt. For 
 an account of him and his medical works, see Memoires 
 pour servir a 1'histoire de la faculte de Montpellier, par 
 Astruc; Biog. Univ. 
 
 Gordon, C. A. A Concise Hist, of the antient and 
 illust. House of Gordon, Aberd., 1754, 12mo. Privately 
 printed, Jadis, 84, 17. 
 
 Gordon, Charles Alexander, M.D. 1. The Prin 
 cipal Diseases of India briefly described, Lon., 1847, 12mo. 
 Hand-Book for Medical Officers of Her Majesty's Service 
 in India, 1852, 12mo. 
 
 Gordon, D. Pharmacopinax, Aberd., 1625, 4to. 
 Gordonstoun, 1021, 5 17. 6d. 
 
 Gordon, Duncan, M.D. Letter to John Hunter, 
 Lon., 1786, 4to. 
 
 Gordon, Francis. Predestination, Ac., Edin., 1712, 
 4to. 
 
 Gordon, George. 1. Newtonian Philos., Lon., 1719, 
 12mo. 2. Longitude, 1724, 8vo. 3. Astronomy, Ac., 1726, 
 8vo. 
 
 Gordon, George. Annals of Europe, Lon., 1739-43, 
 6 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Gordon, George. De Natura Rerum, Quaestiones 
 Philosophies, Glasg., 1758, 8vo. 
 Gordon, George. Serms., Lon., 1794, 1805, 4to. 
 Gordon, George Campbell. Serm., Luke xxii. 19 : 
 I'he Holy Communion, Lon., 1850, r. 12mo. 
 Gordon, J. Memoirs concerning Popery,Lon.,1733,8vo. 
 Gordon, James, D.D., 1543-1620, surnamed Hunt- 
 laeus, from his connection with the noble family of Gor 
 don ; a Scotch Jesuit, was for nearly fifty years professor 
 of Hebrew and divinity in several parts of Europe, and 
 for some time a missionary in Scotland and England ; and 
 his zeal in making converts caused him to be twice im 
 prisoned. 
 
 1. Controversarium Fidei Epitome, Ac. : 1st torn., Aug. 
 Pict., 1612; 2d torn., Paris ; 3d torn., Cologne, 1620, all 8vo. 
 
 "This work is entitled to a place here, were it only because it 
 partly led to the publication of the Philologia Sacra of Glassuis. 
 In one of the tracts which it contains, De Verbo Dei, he [Gordon" 
 attacks with great vigour and acuteness the present Hebrew text. 
 and extols exceedingly the Latin Vulgate." Orme's Bibl. Brit., q.v. 
 
 2. Summaries of the Controversies, Ac. betweene Catho- 
 lickes and Protestants, 1618, 8vo. 3. Traditions, 1614, 8vo. 
 
 Gordon, James, D.D., 1553-1641, surnamed Les- 
 moraeus, from his connection with the family of Lesmore ; 
 a Scotch Jesuit, was born at or near Aberdeen. He was 
 Rector of the Colleges of Toulouse and Bordeaux, anc 
 confessor to Louis XIII. 1. Opus Chronologicum Col 
 Agr., 1614, fol. 
 
 " It is not, I believe, a work of great value." Grinds Bibl. Bib 
 
 GOR 
 
 2. Chronologia ab Orbe condita ad annum Christ!, 1617; 
 Aug. Rot., 1617, fol. 3. Catholica veritate, diatriba, Bur- 
 iig, 1623, 12mo. 4. Biblia Sacra : cum Cominentariis, Ac., 
 Paris, 1636, 3 vols. fol. 
 
 "These volumes, according to Walch, contain many things 
 rhich may be read with profit." ORME: ubi supra. 
 
 5. Theologia Moralis, tomus prior, Paris, 1634. 6. Opus- 
 ula Chronologicum, Historicum, Geographicuin, Col. Agr., 
 .636, 8vo. 
 
 Gordon, James, Bishop of Aberdeen. 1. The Re- 
 brmed Bishop, Lon., 1679, 8vo. Anon. 2. To R. Catho- 
 ics, 1687, 4to. 3. Fables of Esop, as commented on by 
 Sir Roger L'Estrange, Edin., 1700, fol. 4. A Generous 
 Prince, Lon., 1703, 8vo. 
 
 Gordon, James. An Ordination Serm., 1735. 
 Gordon, James, Parson of Rothiemay. 1. Hist, of 
 Scots Affairs, 1637-41, Aberd., 1840-42, 3 vols. 4to, Spald- 
 ng Club, vols. i., iii., v. Only 250 copies printed. 
 
 " This valuable work is printed from a unique MS. in the library 
 >f the King's College at Aberdeen, and forms a work of great au- 
 ;hority, and the principal writers of this period have all referred 
 o it, even while locked up in manuscript." 
 
 2. Description of bothe Towns of Aberdeene, edit, by C. 
 Innes, 1842, 4 to, Spalding Club, vol. iv. 
 
 Gordon, James, Vicar of Barragh, Rector of Kil- 
 egny, Ac., Ireland. 1. Terraquea ; or, a New System of 
 Geography and Modern Hist, Lon., 1790-93, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 2. Hist, of the Bebell. in Ireland in 1798, Ac., 1801, '03, 
 $vo. 3. Hist, of Ireland from the earliest accounts to the 
 Union in 1801, 2 vols. 8vo, 1806. In French, by P. La 
 Montague, Paris, 1808, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " The author has not derogated from the reputation which he 
 derived from his prior publication, since we discover in it the same 
 clear discernment, the same sound judgment, the same strong 
 good sense, the same manly sentiments, and the same fearless 
 integrity and devotion to truth." Lon. Month. Jfev. 
 
 "A party work abounding in misrepresentation." Lowndes's 
 Bibl. Man. 
 
 4. Hist, of the Brit. Islands, Great Brit., and the Islands 
 that with it compose a geographical group, from the earliest 
 accounts to 1807, 4 vols. 8vo., 1815. 
 
 Gordon, Rev. James Bentley. An Hist, and 
 Geographical Memoir of the N. Amer. Continent: its 
 Nations and Tribes ; with a summary Acct. of his Life, 
 Writings, and Opinions. Edited by Thos. Jones, Dubl., 
 1820, 4to. 
 
 Gordon, John, Gentleman of the Chamber to the 
 King of France. Panegyrique de Congratulation pour la 
 Concorde des Royaumes de la Grande Bretagne en Vnite 
 de Religion et Vnique Royaute, Paris, 1603, sin. 8vo; Ro- 
 chelle, 1603, 8vo. In English, Lon., 1603, 4to. Liber 
 rarissimus. This work is ascribed by Lowndes to Dr. 
 Gordon, Dean of Sarum. 
 
 Gordon, John, D.D., Dean of Sarum, pub. Assertionis 
 pro vera verae Ecclesiae Nota, 1603, 8vo ; Anti-Torto-Bel- 
 larminus, Ac., 1610, 4to; and other theolog. treatises. See 
 Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 Gordon, John* Serm. on the Union, Lon., 1604, 4to. 
 Gordon, John, of Glencat. Autobiog., Lon.,1733, 8vo. 
 Gordon, John, of Buthlaw. De Nuptijs Roberti 
 Senescalli Scotiae atque Elizabeths Morae Dissertatio, 
 Edin., 1749. For a trans, of this work highly com 
 mendedsee Scotia Rediviva, vol. i., Edin., 1826, 8vo. 
 
 Gordon, John. Specimen Animadversionum Criti- 
 carum in priscam Evangeliorum Gothicam; item novae 
 ejusdem versionis interpretationis Latinae, Edin., 1760, 
 8vo. 
 
 Gordon, John. The Famous Bull, or Constitution 
 Unigenitus, Ac. ; related in the Memoirs of John Gordon, 
 who was thirteen years in the Scots College at Paris ; 2d 
 ed., Lon., 12mo, sine anno. 
 
 Gordon, John, D.D., Archdeacon of Lincoln, d. 1793, 
 aged 68. 1. Serm., Camb., 1767, 4to. 2. Serm., Lon., 
 1771, 4to. 
 
 Gordon, John. Poems, Lon., 1807, '12, 12mo. 
 Gordon, John, M.D. Lect. on Anat. and Physiol., 
 Edin. 1. Structure of the Brain, comprising an estimate 
 of the claims of Drs. Gall and Spurzheim, Edin., 1807, 8vo. 
 2. A System of Anatomy, 1815, 8vo ; engravings (22) to 
 do., 1817, 8vo. 
 
 'A much-esteemed work." Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 3 Lect. on Human Physiology, 1817, 8vo. 4. Caloric ; 
 Thorn. Ann. Philos., 1814. 
 
 Gordon, John. Eng. Spelling, Lon., 1814, 18mo. 
 Gordon, Prof. LeAvis, of Glasgow. 1. Lect. on 
 Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Edin., r. 8vo. 2. Trans, 
 of Prof. Julius Weisbach's Principles of the Mechanics of 
 Machinery and Engineering, 1847-48, 2 vols. 8vo. First 
 Amer. ed., with addits. by Prof. Walter R. Johnson, Pbila., 
 1849, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
GOR 
 
 GOR 
 
 " The most valuable contribution to practical science that has 
 yet appeared in this country." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 " In every way worthy of being recommended to our readers." 
 Franldin Institute, Jour. 
 
 Gordon, Rev. London Harcourt. An Apology 
 for the Conduct of the Gordons, <fcc. rel. to Mrs. Lee, Lon., 
 1804, 8vo. 
 
 Gordon, Lady Lucie Duff, wife of Sir Alexander 
 Duff Gordon, is a daughter of Mrs. Sarah Austin ; see ante. 
 1. Trans, of Niebuhr's Greek Legends. 2. Trans, from 
 the German of The Amber Witch : the most interesting 
 Trial for Witchcraft yet known, Lon., 1844, p. 8vo. A 
 new English ed. was pub. in 1849, 18mo. 
 
 " If this work be genuine, it is, undoubtedly, as it announces 
 itself, the most interesting of all those strange trials for witch 
 craft, so absorbing and sometimes so inexplicable, which occur 
 at a certain period in almost every country in Europe; if it be a 
 fiction, it is worthy we can give no higher praise of Defoe. The 
 editor professes to have found the manuscript in a manner by no 
 means improbable, yet rather too like that which the author of 
 Waverley, as well as many others of inferior name, have been so 
 fond of playing off upon us. It was brought to him by his sexton 
 out of a niche or closet in the church, where it had long lain hid 
 among a heap of old hymn-books and useless parish-accounts. We 
 have read nothing for a long time, in fiction or in history, which 
 has so completely riveted and absorbed our attention." Lon. 
 Quar. Rev., June, 1844. 
 
 But hear the conclusion of the story : 
 
 "The Amber Witch is one ef the 'Curiosities of Literature,' for 
 in the last German edition the author is obliged to prove that it 
 is entirely a work of imagination, and not, as almost all the Ger 
 man critics believed it to be when it appeared, the reprint of an 
 old chronicle. It was, in fact, written as a trap for the disciples 
 of Strauss and his school, who had pronounced the Scriptures of 
 the Old and New Testaments, from historical research, assisted 
 by ' internal evidence,' to be a collection of legends. Meinhold 
 did not spare them when they fell into the snare, and made merry 
 with the historical knowledge and critical acumen that could not 
 detect the contemporary romancer under the mask of the chronicler 
 of two centuries ago, while they decided so positively as to the 
 authority of the most ancient writings in the world." Lon. Times, 
 July, 1850. 
 
 3. Trans, of Lt. Lamping's [a young Oldenburg soldier] 
 work entitled, The French in Algiers, 1844, p. 8vo. 
 
 " The events are described in a pleasing style of easy epistolary 
 narrative. The glimpses which they afford of the barbarities of 
 the French African war fully confirm the worst opinions which we 
 had formed on the subject." Northern Whig. 
 
 4. Trans, from the German of Hitter Von Feuerbach's 
 Remarkable Crimes and Trials, 1846, 8vo. 
 
 " The reader is taken into a new world, in which all is grotesque 
 and horrible. . . . The secrets of the prison-house are opened to 
 him." Edin. Rev. 
 
 " The translation is excellent, and a judicious compression of 
 the original has added much to the effect." Lon. Examiner. 
 
 " Lady Gordon possesses in a high degree the rare faculty of 
 translation, to which she has a hereditary right. She has skil 
 fully pruned the luxuriant details of some of the cases, and omit 
 ted the disquisitions on evidence and other legal topics, which, 
 however valuable in themselves, would be uninteresting to gene 
 ral readers. The present collection of criminal cases forms, as far 
 as we are aware, the most interesting specimen existing in our 
 language." 4 Law Mag., N. S., 310 ; and see 4 Law Rev. 
 
 The legal student should add to this volume Dumas's 
 Celebrated Crimes, 
 
 "Dumas's book is very striking. The tragedy of Truth the 
 serious side of what is called the Romance of Real Life had never 
 such startling illustration as this remarkable book affords. What 
 a story is that of the Marchioness de Ganges!" Lon. Examiner. 
 
 5. Trans, of Stella and Vanessa; a Novel, by Leon de 
 Wailly. 6. Trans, of Ferdinand and Maximilian, by Ranke. 
 7. Trans, of the Village Doctor, by the late Comtesse d'Ar- 
 bouville. 8. Trans, of Moltke's Russian Campaigns of 
 1828-29 on the Danube ; pub. in 1854. 9. In conjunction 
 with Sir Alexander Duff Gordon, Trans, of Ranke's Me 
 moirs of the House of Brandenburg, and Hist, of Prussia, 
 1849, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Gordon, N. M. Alleghan ; a Poem in Nine Books, 
 Cin., 1855, 12mo. In blank verse. The theme of the 
 poem is the spread of the Gospel. 
 
 Gordon, Patrick. 1. Neptunus Britannicus Cory- 
 donis, Lon., 1613, 4to. 2. Historie of Penardo and Laissa, 
 <fcc., in heroik Verse, Dort, 1615, 12mo. 3. The famovs 
 Historie of Robt. Bruce, <fcc., Dort, 1615, 4to; Edin., 
 1718, 12mo. 
 
 Gordon, Patrick. Geography, Ac., 1693, Ac. 
 
 Gordon, Patrick, Lt.-Gov. of Penna. Two Indian 
 Treaties at Conestogoe, 1728 ; Phila., 1728, fol. 
 
 Gordon, Pryse Lockhart. Personal Memoirs; 
 or, Reminiscences of Men and Manners at Home and 
 Abroad during the last Half- Century, with occasional 
 sketches of the Author's Life, Lon., 1830, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " With many pleasant anecdotes of men and things, we have in 
 these volumes an abundance of commonplace and almost puerile 
 narrative, which necessarily must take the lead in fixing a charac 
 ter on this book." Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 " The best collection of real anecdotes and adventures that we 
 have seen for many a day." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 " We know not any species of work so calculated to give a real 
 view of life in its infinite varieties." Court Journal. 
 
 Gordon, Robert, of Stralogh, Scotland, d. about 
 1650, wrote a topographical work entitled Theatrum Scotise, 
 illustrated with maps, and dedicated to Cromwell. It was 
 printed at Amsterdam. 
 
 "On y trouve une description complete de.l'ficosse, avec des 
 cartes particulieres de chaque comt6. On y ajoute le livre de 
 Buchanan, De Jure regni apud Scotos." Biog. Univers. 
 
 Gordon, Robert. Deafness; Med. Com., 1775. 
 
 Gordon, Sir Robert, of Gordonstoun, Bart., Gen 
 tleman of the Bedchamber to K. James I. and K. Charles 
 L, <fec. A Genealogical Hist, of the Earldom of Suther 
 land, Edin., 1813, fol. Bindley, Pt. 1, 2046, 1 13*. 
 Largest paper, Brockett, 1329, 1 19s. One copy was 
 struck off on vellum for the Marquis of Stafford. This 
 splendid volume, edited by Henry Weber, was pub. under 
 the auspices and at the charge of the Marchioness of 
 Stafford, (in her own right Countess of Sutherland.) 
 
 "The paper, printing, and style of getting up are worthy of the 
 intrinsic value of the volumes. Such works are sometimes not 
 only highly curious and interesting, but are absolutely necessary 
 to the Historian and Antiquary for the satisfactory completion of 
 their historical labours. In this work we have materials which 
 equally appertain to English and Scottish history." Dibdin's Bibl. 
 Spenseriana. 
 
 The bibliographer must not fail to procure if he can 
 which is greatly to be questioned A Catalogue of the Sin 
 gular and Curious Library, originally formed between 1610 
 and 1650, by Sir Robert Gordon, of Gordounstoun, Ac., 
 with some addits. by his successors, comprising an extra 
 ordinary number of rarities in the literature of the six 
 teenth and seventeenth centuries. Sold by auction, Lon 
 don, in March and April, 1816. 
 
 Gordon, Robert, D.D., minister of the Free High 
 Church, Edin. 22 Evangelical Serms., Edin., 1825, '26, 
 '33, 8vo. 
 
 "These are orations, these are arguments, worthy of a high and 
 permanent place in our theological literature. They display a 
 vigour and originality of thought which it is truly refreshing to 
 meet with in printed sermons, and are, at the same time, boldly 
 explicit in the enunciation of the Gospel system." Lon. Eclectic 
 Rev. 
 
 In The Mourner's Companion, 1825, 12mo, containing 
 treatises by Flavel, Cecil, and Shaw, will be found an Es 
 say by Dr. Gordon. 
 
 " This volume is well fitted to be a companion to the afllicted ; 
 nor can the Christian rise from the perusal of the treatises without 
 some salutary impressions, calculated to soothe him under present 
 suffering, or fit him for meeting future trials with devout acqui 
 escence in the divine appointment." 
 
 Gordon, T. Trans, of Menzel's Hist, of Genman 
 Literature, with Notes, Oxf., 1840, 4 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " There is no higher name in the living literature of his country 
 than Menzel; he is eloquent and popular at the same time." 
 Black-wood's Mag. 
 
 Gordon, Thomas, 1684 P-1750, a native of Kirkcud 
 bright, Galloway, settled in London, and became a noted 
 political and religious writer. 1. Tacitus, trans, into Eng 
 lish, Ac., Lon., 1728-31, 2 vols. fol. 2. The Independent 
 Whig; or, a Defence of Primitive Christianity, 1732, 2 
 vols. 12mo. 3. Sallust, trans, into English, 1744, 4to. 
 4. Review of a pamph. by Chas. Yorke, 1746, 8vo. 5. In 
 conjunction with John Trenchard, Cato's Letters, 1724, 
 '37, '48, '55, 4 vols. 12mo. 6, 7. Two Collec. of Tracts: I. 
 A Cordial for Low Spirits, 1750, 3 vols. 12rno; 3d ed., by 
 Richard Baron, 1763, 3 vols. 12mo. II. The Pillars of 
 Priestcraft and Orthodoxy Shaken, 1750, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 New ed., by Richard Baron, 1768, 4 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Gordon, Thomas. 1. Naval Architecture, Lon., 
 1784, 8vo. 2. British Fisheries, 1785, 8vo. 
 
 Gordon, Thomas, of Aberdeenshire, General of a 
 Division of the Greek Army. Hist, of the Greek Revolu 
 tion, Lon., 1832, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., Lon., 1842. 
 
 "It is utterly impossible for us to do any thing like justice to 
 the merits of these important volumes ; but we have seen more 
 than enough to justify us in declaring that they must at once take 
 their rank among our standard histories." ion. Athenaeum. 
 
 " Hundreds of books have been written about the Greek Revo 
 lution, but its history is now truly written for the first time." 
 Lon. Examiner. 
 
 Gordon, Thomas F. 1. Digest of the Laws of the 
 United States, Phila., 1827, 8vo; 4th ed., 1851. 
 
 "An exceedingly useful work, very carefully prepared." Mar 
 vin's Leg. Bibl., 342 ; 18 Amer. Jur., 229 ; 19, 257 ; 1 Leg. Exam., 263. 
 
 2. Hist, of Pennsylvania from its Discovery to 1776, 
 1823, '29, 8vo. 3. Hist, of New Jersey from its Discovery 
 to 1789, Trenton, 1831, 8vo. 4. The Hist, of America, 
 Phila., 1831, 2 vols. 12mo. The first two vols. of the 
 Cabinet of American History. Two more were pub. in 
 1832 : see No. 5. 5. The Hist, of Ancient Mexico, 2 vols. 
 
GOR 
 
 GOR 
 
 12mo. See No. 4. 6. Gazetteer of New Jersey, Trenton, 
 1834, 8vo. 7. Gazetteer of New York, 1836, 8vo. 
 
 Gordon, Wm. 1. Serin., 1710, 4to. 2. Do., 1717, 8vo. 
 
 Gordon, Win. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1718, '19, 8vo. 
 
 Gordon, Wm. Hist, of the Ancient Noble and Illust. 
 Family of the Gordons to 1690, Edin., 1726, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Collected from Scots and foreign historical manuscripts, records, 
 and registers of the nation." 
 
 Gordon, Wm. Serm., 1746, 8vo. 
 
 Gordon, Wm. 1. The Universal Accountant and 
 Complete Merchant, 1763, '65, '74, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " A work of this kind adapted to the present state of science 
 and commerce is a desideratum " McGiMoch's Lit. of Pdlit. Econ. 
 
 Mr. McCulloch heads the department devoted to Book 
 keeping and Mercantile Accounts in the valuable work 
 from which we have just quoted, with the following apt 
 citation from an eminent authority : 
 
 " The counting-house of an accomplished merchant is a school 
 of method, where the great science may be learned of ranging par 
 ticulars under generals, of bringing the different parts of a trans 
 action together, and of showing at one view a long series of dealing 
 and exchange. Let no man venture into large business while he 
 is ignorant of the method of regulating books; never let him 
 imagine that any degree of natural abilities will enable him to 
 supply this deficiency or preserve multiplicity of affairs from in 
 extricable confusion." DR. JOHNSON: Preface to Rolf s Dictionary 
 Of Trade and Commerce. 
 
 2. Arithmetic, 1779, 12mo. 3. Livy, in English, 1813, 
 12mo. 
 
 Gordon, Wm. Thanksg. Serm., Lon., 1776, Svo. 
 
 Gordon, Wm., D.D., 1729-1807, a native of Hitchin, 
 Hertfordshire, England, was pastor of an Independent 
 church at Ipswich, and was subsequently successor to Dr. 
 David Jennings in the church at Old Gravel Lane, Wap- 
 ping. In 1770 he removed to America, and became minister 
 of the Third Church, Roxbury, Mass. In 1786 he returned 
 to England, and preached both at St. Neot's, Huntingdon 
 shire, and at Ipswich. He died in the latter place Oct. 19, 
 1807. He pub. serms., Ac., 1772, '75, '77, '83 ; an Abridgt. 
 of Jonathan Edwards's Treatise on the Religious Affec 
 tions, and a History of the Rise, Progress, and Establish 
 ment of the Independency of the U. States of America, 
 Ac., Lon., 1788, 4 vols. Svo; N. York, 1789, 3 vols. Svo; 
 1794, 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 " The language of this work deserves little encomium, but the 
 merit of fidelity is the first qualification in an historian; and to 
 that claim we believe the present dispassionate writer is fully en 
 titled." Lon. Month. Rev., May, 1789, 441, 442. 
 
 " The History of Gordon, in four thick octavo volumes, will, in 
 like manner, be consulted with best effect when other accounts 
 have been perused. The author appears to have access to good 
 sources of information ; and the work is an immense assemblage 
 of facts, presented to the reader with little or no comment, and 
 witk great impartiality." Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist. 
 
 But audi alteram partem : 
 
 " This however is rather a collection of facts than a regular his 
 tory, for the writing of which, indeed, the author had no talent ; 
 his style is vulgar and confused, and his reflections commonplace. 
 The best parts of it occur where he made most use of Dodsley's 
 Annual Register. The colouring he attempts to give, as may be 
 expected, is entirely unfavourable to the English, nor does he en 
 deavour to disguise his partialities." Sugp. vol. to the Diet. Hist., 
 1812. 
 
 " There arises some suspicion that Dr. Gordon actually wrote 
 under the influence of American prejudice." ion. Critical Rev. 
 
 Gordon, Wm., M.D., 1801-1849, was educated at Ri- 
 pon, England, in the vicinity of which city he was born. 
 After some years' experience as a general practitioner, in 
 1841 he took the degree of M.D., and settled as a physi 
 cian in Hull. 1. Academical Examinations on the Practice 
 of Surgery, 1828. 2. Critical Inquiry concerning a new 
 Membrane of the Eye, 1832. 3. Contributions to Medical 
 Journals. See The Christian Philosopher triumphing over 
 Death ; a narrative of the Closing Scenes of the Life of 
 the late Wm. Gordon, M.D., F.L.S., of Kingston-upon-Hull, 
 by Newman Hall, Lon., 1849, 12mo; 5th ed., 1854. We 
 have referred to this work in our life of GODMAN, JOHN D. 
 
 Gore, Mrs. Catherine Grace, a celebrated English 
 novelist, the widow of Mr. Charles Gore, has perhaps done 
 more to familiarize the public mind with the tone of fash 
 ionable manners and conversation than any other writer 
 of the day. The following alphabetical list of her writings 
 presents the best illustration of her literary industry. 
 From the date of her first work, (about 1823,) Theresa 
 Marchmont; or, The Maid of Honour, Mrs. Gore has been 
 in constant communication with the public. 1. Agathonia 
 1844, 12mo. 2. Ambassador's Wife, 1842, 3 volf . p. Svo! 
 3. Banker's Wife, 1843, 3 vols. cr. Svo. 4. Birthright and 
 other Tales, 1843, 3 vols. p. Svo. 5. Bond; a Dramatic 
 Poem, Svo. 6. Cabinet Minister, 1839, 3 vols p Svo 
 7. Castles in the Air, 1847, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 8. Cecil or' 
 Adventures of a Coxcomb, 1845, 3 vols. p. Svo- 1849* 
 12mo. 9. Courtier of the Days of Charles the Second' 
 708 
 
 and other Tales, 1839, 3 vols. p. Svo. 10. Dacre of the 
 South, or the Olden Time; a Tragedy, 1840, Svo. 11. De 
 butante, 2d ed., 1846, 3 vols. p. Svo. 12. Dean's Daughter ; 
 or, The Days We Live In, 1853, 3 vols. p. Svo. 13. Diamond 
 and the Pearl, 1848, 3 vols. p. Svo. 14. Diary of a Desen- 
 nuyee, 1836, 2 vols. p. Svo. 15. Dowager; or, Modern 
 School of Scandal, 1840, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1S54, 12mo. 
 16. Fair of May Fair, 1832, 3 vols. p. Svo. 17. Fascination, 
 and other Tales, (edited by Mrs. Gore,) 1842, 3 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 18. Greville; or, A Season in Paris, 1841, 3 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 19. Hamiltons, 3 vols. p. Svo ; 1850, 12mo. 20. Heir of 
 Selwood, 1838, 3 vols. p. Svo. 21. Historical Traveller, 
 1831, 2 vols. p. Svo. 22. Hungarian Tales, 3 vols. p. Svo. 
 23. Inundation; a Christmas Story, 1843, '50, 12mo. 24. 
 Lady Leighton. 25. Lettre de Cachet; The Reign of 
 Terror; two tales, 1827, p. Svo. 26. Lost Son. New ed., 
 1854, 12mo. 27. Mammon; or, the Hardships of an 
 Heiress, 1855, 3 vols. p. Svo. 28. Man of Fortune, and 
 other Tales, 1841, 3 vols. p. Svo. 29. Manners of the 
 Day; or, Women as they are, 1830, 3 vols. p. Svo. 30. 
 Mary Raymond, and other Tales, 1837, 3 vols. p. Svo. 
 31. Memoirs of a Peeress; edited by Lady Charlotte Bury, 
 3 vols. p. Svo. 32. Men of Capital; Two Stories, 1846, 
 3 vols. p. Svo. 33. Modern Chivalry, 1843, 2 vols. cr. Svo. 
 
 34. Money-Lender, 1843, 3 vols. cr. Svo; 1854, 12mo. 
 
 35. Mothers and Daughters, 1831, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1S34, 
 '49, 12mo. 36. Mrs. Armytage; or, Female Domination, 
 3 vols. p. Svo; 1848, 12mo. 37. New Year's Day, 1846, 
 '50, 12mo. 38. Opera ; a Story of the Beau Monde, 3 vols. 
 p. Svo. 39. Ormington, or Cecil a Peer: a sequel to 
 Cecil a Coxcomb, 1842, 3 vols. p. Svo. 40. Paris, Pictu 
 resque and Romantic; letter-press by Mrs. Gore, with 21 
 illustrations by Mr. T. Allom, 1842, r. Svo. 41. Peers and 
 Parvenus, 1846, 3 vols. p. Svo. 42. Pin-Money, 3 vols. p. 
 Svo. 43. Polish Tales, 3 vols. p. Svo. 44. Popular Mem 
 ber, and other Tales, 1S44, 3 vols. p. Svo. 45. Prefer 
 ment; or, my Uncle the Earl, 1839, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 46. 
 Progress and Prejudice, 1854, 3 vols. p. Svo. 47. Queen 
 of Denmark, 1845, 3 vols. p. Svo. 48. Quid Pro Quo ; a 
 Comedy, Svo. 49. Romances of Real Life, 3 vols. p. 
 Svo. 50. Rose-Fancier's Manual, a trans, from the French, 
 1838, p. Svo. 51. Self, 3 vols. p. Svo. 52. Sketch-Book 
 of Fashion, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 53. Sketches of English Cha 
 racter, 1846, 2 vols. p. Svo ; 1852, 12rno. 54. Snow-Storm ; 
 a Christmas Story, 1845, '50, '54, 12rno. 55. Soldier of 
 Lyons, 1841, '49, 12mo. 56. Stokeshill Place; or, The 
 Man of Business, 1837, 3 vols. p. Svo. 57. Story of a 
 Royal Favourite, 1845, 3 vols. p. Svo. 58. Temptation 
 and Atonement, 1847, 3 vols. p. Svo. 59. The Lover and 
 the Husband, (a free trans, of M. Bertrand's Gerfault;) 
 The Woman of a Certain Age, <fcc., 1841, 3 vols. p. Svo. 
 60. The Peeress. 61. Theresa Marchmont ; or, the Maid 
 of Honour, about 1823, 18mo. 62. Tuileries, 3 vols. p. 
 8vo. 63. Two Broken Hearts; a Poem, Svo. 64. Woman 
 of Business. 65. Woman of the World, 183S, 3 vols. p. Svo. 
 This list might be lengthened by the addition of The Maid 
 of Croissy, The Sledge-Driver, dramas from the French, 
 The School for Coquettes, a Comedy; Life's Lesson, 1856 ; 
 The Two Aristocracies, 1857, and a number of works pub. 
 without the author's name. Mrs. Gore is said to have in 
 preparation for the press, Memoirs of the Present Cen 
 tury, Social, Literary, and Political, (1858.) 
 
 The success of this popular novelist in her sketches of 
 the prevailing tone of fashionable society is admitted by 
 the ablest critics : 
 
 " The more respectable of Mrs. Gore's personages are affecters 
 of an excessive prudery concerning the decencies of life, nay, 
 occasionally of an exalted and mystical religious feeling. What 
 ever, therefore, they do, is a fair and absolute measure of the pre 
 vailing opinions of the class, and may be regarded as not deroga 
 tory to their position in the eyes of their equals. But the low 
 average standard of morality thus depicted, with its conventional 
 distinctions, cannot be invented. It forms the atmosphere in 
 which the parties live; and were it a fictitious compound, fabri 
 cated at the author's pleasure, the beings who breathe it could not 
 but be universally acknowledged as fantastical, and as mere 
 monstrosities; they would, indeed, be incapable of acting in 
 harmony and consistence with the known laws and usages of 
 civil life. If the situations and dialogues of Mrs. Gore's novels be 
 compared with these usages and laws, and with any of the records 
 of the actual sayings and doings of high life, such as a series of 
 parliamentary reports, county meetings, race-course transactions, 
 &c., they will be found, with a reasonable allowance for artistic 
 colouring, to reflect accurately enough the notions current among 
 the upper classes respecting religion, politics, domestic morals, 
 the social affections, and that coarse aggregate of dealing with our 
 neighbours which is embraced by the term common honesty. 
 
 "It is this average morality of the aristocratic classes that 
 chiefly concerns society at large. The specific overt acts of high 
 life are as much out of the reach of imitation by inferiors as its 
 deportment and carriage." ion. Atftenceum, 1839, 888, 889. Kead 
 the whole of this paper. 
 
GOR 
 
 " Many of Mrs. Gore's novels are works in which the present 
 state of society and manners is more or less clearly impressed : 
 they are pictures of the time, and no more." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM : 
 Biog. and Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of ttie Last Fifty rears. 
 
 " Among the novelists of the day, Mrs. Gore is entitled to a 
 high place." Edin. Jiev. 
 
 " Mrs. Gore's style is always animated, light, and playful. It 
 is sustained by originality of thought, and sparkles with satirical 
 
 " All the productions of Mrs. Gore afford evidence of great apti 
 tude, cleverness, and talent." ion. Lit. Gazette. 
 
 " Mrs. Gore is certainly foremost among the female novelists of 
 the day, for wit, acuteness of observation, for originality of re 
 mark, and generally for her graphic powers." ion. Observer. 
 
 " The novel of conventional and artificial life belongs to no one 
 so much as to Mrs. Gore. Who does not know the ring of her 
 regular sentences ? the dialogue which chimes in exactly the 
 same measure, whether the speakers speak in a club, or in the 
 dowager-duchess's sombre and pious boudoir ?" 
 
 The critic proceeds to notice the sameness of this lady's 
 scenes and characters in her different works, and then 
 continues : 
 
 " Nevertheless, Mrs. Gore's novels have a host of readers, and 
 Mrs. Gore's readers are interested. People will be interested, we 
 suspect, till the end of the world, in the old, old story how Edwin 
 and Angelina fell in love with each other; how they were sepa 
 rated, persecuted, and tempted; and how their virtue and con 
 stancy triumphed over all their misfortunes. And there is much 
 vivacity and liveliness, and a good deal of shrewd observation, in 
 these books. They are amusing, pleasant beguilers of a stray 
 hour; and, after all our grand pretensions, how valuable a pro 
 perty is this in the genus novel, which proclaims itself an ephe- 
 meron in its very name!" Modern Novelists, Great and Small: 
 Blaclcwood's Mag., May, 1855. 
 
 Gore, Charles. A work on ships, Lon., 1799, 4to. 
 
 Gore, Christopher, 1758-1827; Governor of Mas 
 sachusetts, 1809; U. States Senator, 1814-17; pub. a 
 Masonic Oration, 1783. See Amer. Ann. Reg., 1826-27, 
 p. 339-341. Gov. Gore left to Harvard College a bequest 
 amounting to nearly one hundred thousand dollars. 
 
 Gore, Henry. Elements of S. Geometry, 1733, Svo. 
 
 Gore, John. Serm., Phil. iv. 11, Lon., 1634, 4to. 
 
 Gore, Montagu. Some Remarks on the Foreign 
 Relations of England at the present Crisis, Lon., 1838, 
 Svo. Reviewed by Lord Brougham in the Edin. Rev., 
 Ixviii. 495-537 ; and in his Contrib. to the Edin. Rev., 
 vol. ii. 132-184, 1856. 
 
 Gore, R. T., of the Roy. Coll. of Surgeons, London. 
 Trans, of J. F. Blumenbach's Elements of Natural His 
 tory. From the 10th German ed. New ed., Lon., 1826, Svo. 
 
 " It is, indeed, remarkable for its clear arrangement, and for the 
 immense quantity of interesting and valuable information it con 
 tains, condensed into a small compass. It is altogether the best 
 Elementary Book on Natural History, in any language." Law 
 rence's Lectures. 
 
 A trans, of Blumenbach's System of Comparative Ana 
 tomy, with addits. by W. Lawrence, was pub. in 1807, Svo. 
 
 Gore, Thomas, 1631-1684, a heraldic writer, a na 
 tive of Aldertou, Wiltshire, was educated at Magdalen Coll., 
 Oxf., and was subsequently for a short time an inmate 
 of Lincoln's Inn. 1. A Table showing how to Blazon a 
 Coat ten several ways, 1655 ; a single folio sheet, copied 
 from Sir John Feme, q. v. 2. Nomenclator Geographicus, 
 Ac., Oxon., 1667, Svo. 3. Series Alphabetica, Latino- 
 Anglica, Nomina Gentilitiorum, sive Cognominum plumi- 
 rarum Familiarum, quas multos per Annos in Anglia 
 floruere, Ac., 1667, Svo. 4. Catalogus in certa Capita, seu 
 Classes, alphabetic ordine concinnatus, plerouumque 
 omnium Authorum (tarn antiquorum quam recentiorum) 
 qui de re Heraldica, Latine, Gallice, Ital., Hispan., Germ., 
 Anglice, scripserunt: Ac., 1668, 4to. With enlargements, 
 1674, 4to. In this catalogue raisonnee for such it is we 
 have simply the names of the authors, and brief titles of 
 their productions. 
 
 " This work displayed much talent, and the books were classed 
 in a scientific method; but the list was confined entirely to an 
 numeration of the names of authors, and brief titles of their 
 works. The tract has become so exceedingly scarce, that it is now 
 to be found in very few libraries, and its purchase is only to be 
 obtained at a price considerably above its intrinsic value.' 
 Movie's Bibl. Heraldica, (Pref.) q. v. 
 
 5. Loyalty Displayed and Falsehood Unmasked, Lon., 
 16S1, 4to. See Athen.Oxon. ; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. Ixii. 
 
 Goree, Father. A New Island; Phil. Trans., 1711. 
 
 Gorges, Sir Arthur. Transcript, Ac. rel. to an 
 office called the Public Register for General Commerce, 
 Lon., 1611, '12, 4to. 
 
 Gorges, Sir Ferdinando, d. 1647, Proprietor of 
 the Province of Maine, was the Governor of Plymouth, 
 and an early member of the Plymouth Company in Eng 
 land. He expended 20,000 in his American enterprises. 
 A narrative of his proceedings relative to the settlement 
 of New England will be found in his grandson Ferdinando 
 
 GOR 
 
 Gorges's America Painted to the Life. See Belknap'a 
 Biog. of Gorges ; Bancroft's Hist, of America. 
 
 Gorges, Ferdinando, grandson of the preceding 
 and inheritor of his interests in New England, pub. a de 
 scription of New England, entitled America Painted to 
 the Life, Lon., 1659, 4to ; pub. at 1 1. It is seldom 
 found complete : see collation in Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 Johnson's Wonder-Working Providence is annexed to some 
 copies, and the History of the Spaniards' Proceedings, Ac., 
 is sometimes found separate. 
 
 Gorham, George Cornelius, Vicar of Brampford- 
 Speke, Devon. 1. Public Worship, Lon., 1809. 2. Pro 
 ceedings rel. to 2d Anniv. Camb. Bible Society, 1814. 
 3. Hist, and Antiq. of Eynesbury and St. Neot's in Hun 
 tingdonshire, and of St. Neot's in County of Cornwall, 
 Lon., 1820, Svo. 3. A Statement submitted to the Mem 
 bers of the Brit, and For. Bible Soc. on the impropriety 
 of circulating the Apocryphal Books indiscriminately inter 
 mingled with the inspired writings, 1825, Svo. 
 
 " Deserving of a place in the student's library, on account of the 
 various and interesting information which it contains relative to 
 the literary History of the Apocrypha. The second edition is the 
 best." .Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 It elicited two Letters from L. Von Ess, D.D., which 
 were pub., with Mr. Gorham's Reply, 1826, Svo. See 
 Home, ubi supra. But the name of Gorham is suggestive 
 of another controversy with the Bishop of Exeter and 
 his advocates, on the efficacy of Infant Baptism which 
 has excited great interest both at home and abroad. 
 Respecting this matter, we refer the reader to the Exa 
 mination of Mr. Gorham before the Bishop of Exeter, 
 1848, Svo; The Gorham Case Complete, 5th ed., 1850, 
 12mo ; The Gorham Case, by E. F. Moore, 1852, r. ISmo ; 
 The Judicial Com. of the Privy Council, and petition for 
 a Church Tribunal in lieu of it, 1850, Svo; and an elabo 
 rate review of The Gorham Controversy in Edin. Rev., 
 xcii. 263-292. 
 
 Gorham, John, M.D., of Boston, Mass., d. 1829, 
 aged 46, adjunct Prof, of Chemistry and Materia Medica 
 at Cambridge, 1809; of Chemistry and Mineralogy, 1816. 
 1. Inaug. Address, 1817. 2. Elements of Chemical Science, 
 1819, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Con. on Sugar to Thorn. Ann. Philos., 
 1817. 
 
 Gorham, Wm. Dividing the Land of Israel, Ac., Lon., 
 1688. This is by some supposed to be the production of 
 Thos. Rannew. 
 
 Goring, C. Thoughts on Revelations, Ac., Lon., 
 1807, Svo. 
 
 " Shewing the unity of the prophecies of Daniel and Esdras with 
 the Apocalypse ; and their clear explanation of the events which 
 are now acting in Christendom." Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 Goring, Col. His Declaration rel. to the late Con 
 spiracy, Ac., 1641, 4to. 
 
 Gorrie, Rev. P. Douglass, b. 1813, at Glasgow, 
 Scotland, emigrated to the U. States, 1820. 1. Essay 011 
 Episcopal Succession. 2. Lives of Eminent Methodist 
 Ministers in Europe and America, pp. 400. 3. Black 
 River Conference Memorial, pp. 350. 4. The Churches 
 and Sects in the U. States, N. York, 1850, 12mo. 5. Epis 
 copal Methodism as it was and is, Auburn, 1852, 12mo. 
 
 Gorton, John. 1. 500 Ques. on Goldsmith's Hist of 
 Eng., Lon., 1815, 18mo. 2. Populat. Returns of G. Brit. 
 for 1831, Svo. 3. A General Biographical Dictionary, 
 1828-30, 2 vols. Svo. Pub. in numbers. Enlarged, 1833, 
 3 vols. Svo ; 1841, 3 vols. Svo. New ed., with a Supp. to 
 1850, edited by Cyrus Redding, 1851, 4 vols. Svo. 
 
 Notices of first ed. : 
 
 " This Dictionary is peculiarly valuable as a work of reference 
 for the general reader, on account of information respecting pro 
 minent characters that have figured on the stage of life being more 
 its object than an alphabetical list of individuals of various note 
 and merit ; and upon this ground particularly it has a claim to 
 distinguished notice. Impartiality is another recommendation ; 
 and, as far as we have observed, this spirit is very creditably main 
 tained throughout." Lon. New Month. Mag. 
 
 " Mr. Gorton's publication is altogether one of great excellence, 
 calculated to be useful to a large number of students, and deserv 
 ing extensive popularity. We may also mention that it is suffi 
 ciently large to contain every thing necessary, but not too exten 
 sive for the ordinary purposes of study; filling, in this respect, an 
 open space in the fields of biographical literature." ion. Athe 
 naeum. 
 
 4. A New Topographical Dictionary of G. Brit, and Ire 
 land, with maps by Sidney Hall, 1830-33, 3 vols. Svo and 
 1 vol. 4to. Pub. in numbers. See Lon. Month. Rev., 
 June, 1830, 305. 
 
 Gorton, Samuel, d. 1677, at an advanced age, a 
 native of Gorton, England, emigrated to New England in 
 1636, and excited great opposition by the theological 
 opinions which he preached. For particulars respecting 
 his career and writings, the reader is referred to his bio- 
 
 7W 
 
GOS 
 
 graphy, by John M. Mackie, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 2d 
 series, v. 317-411. 1. Simplicitie's Defence against Seven- 
 Headed Policy, Lon., 1640, sm. 4to ; 2d ed. 1647. It was 
 answered by Governor Edward Winslow, 1646. Win slow 
 also pub. A Narrative of Disturbances made in New Eng 
 land by Samuel Gorton and his accomplices, 1649, 4to. 
 Simplicitie's Defence was repub. in vol. ii. Trans. R. 
 Island Hist. Soc. 2. An Incorruptible Key, composed of 
 the CX. Psalme, Ac., sm. 4to. 3. Saltmarsh returned from 
 the Dead, Ac., 1655, sm. 4to. 4. An Antidote against the 
 Common Plague of the World, Ac., 1657. 5. Certain 
 Copies of Letters, Ac. He also left some works in manu 
 script. 
 
 Gosdan, Bookbinder, St. Martin's Lane. Songs of 
 the Chase, Racing, Ac.; 2d ed., 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Gosling, Mrs. Jane. 1. Moral Essays and Reflec 
 tions, Sheffield, 1789, 8vo. 2. Ashdale Village; a Moral 
 Work of Fancy, 1794, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " The. writer appears to possess very just ideas concerning the 
 female character, and, through the medium of her fictitious tale, 
 which is chiefly domestic, conveys useful hints to parents and 
 children on the important subject of female education." Lon. 
 Month. Rev., xv. 109. 
 
 Gosling, Robert. Trans, of Desault's Parisian Chi- 
 rurg. Jour., Lon., 1794, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Gosnell, Thomas K. Book-keeping, Lon., 1796, 4to. 
 
 Goswold, Paul. Serm., Oxon., 1644, 4to. 
 
 Goss, Prothesia S. 1. The Philanthropist, Lon., 
 12mo. 2. Spirit of Sectarianism. 3. The Piedmontese 
 Envoy ; or, The Men, Manners, and Religion of the Com 
 monwealth, 1844, 12mo. 
 
 "An agreeably-written picture of the times of the Common 
 wealth." ion. Spectator. 
 
 Gosse, Philip Henry, b. 1810, at Worcester, Eng 
 land, was removed in infancy to Poole, in Dorsetshire. 
 He resided eight years in Newfoundland, three years in 
 Lower Canada, and one year in Alabama. 1. The Cana 
 dian Naturalist, Lon., 1840, p. 8vo ; 44 illust. 
 
 "This work contains the observations of the author when wan 
 dering, throughout the seasons of several years, in the woods and 
 fields of Lower Canada." Advertisement. 
 
 "An elegant volume, comprising much information, the result 
 of local knowledge." Asiatic Journal. 
 
 "Replete with interesting observation and good feeling. The 
 wood-cuts are real ornaments to a text which could well afford to 
 stand without embellishment." Colonial Magazine. 
 
 "A more delightful and instructive book for readers of all ages 
 can scarcely be conceived." United Service Gazette. 
 
 2. Birds of Jamaica, 1847, p. 8vo. Illust. to do., imp. 8vo. 
 
 " A very attractive and original volume, valuable to the natu 
 ralist for its information, and acceptable to the general reader for 
 its lifelike descriptions of the habits of the birds and the land 
 scapes in which they are found, as well as for incidental glimpses 
 of colonial manners and habits." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 3. Nat. Hist, of Birds, Mammals, Reptiles, and Fishes, 
 1848-51, 4 vols. fp. 8vo. 4. Ocean Described. New ed., 
 1849, 12mo. 5. British Ornithology; 70 col'd illust., 
 1849, sq. New ed. 1853. 
 
 "This was a book much wanted, and will prove a boon of nc 
 common value, containing, as it does, the names, descriptions, an<3 
 habits of all the British birds, handsomely got up." Lon. Mirror 
 6. Rivers of the Bible, illustrated, 1850, p. 8vo; 2d ed 
 1854. 7. Hist, of the Jews, 1851, p. 8vo. 8. A Naturalist's 
 Sojourn in Jamaica, 1851, p. 8vo. 9. Text-Book of Zoo 
 logy for Schools, 1851, 12mo. 10. Assyria, 1852, p. 8vo 
 11. A Naturalist's Rambles on the Devonshire Coast 
 1853, p. 8vo. 12. The Aquarium ; an Unveiling of th 
 Wonders of the Deep, 1854, 8vo. 
 
 "If it once gets a lodgment in drawing-room or school-room, we 
 may safely trust to every boy and girl of spirit that there will be 
 very little peace in that devoted household till it has made an 
 attempt at an Aquarium." Blackwood's Mag., Aug. 1855. See 
 13. A Hand-Book of the Marine Aquarium, 1855, 12mo 
 14 Manual of Marine Zoology, 1855-56. 15. Tenby ; a 
 Sea-Side Holiday, 1856. 16. Introduc. to Zoology, 1856 
 2 yols. 17. Omphalos : an Attempt to Untie the Geologica 
 Knot, 1857. 18. Hist, of Brit. Sea-Anemones, Ac., 1858, 8vo 
 Gosson, Stephen, 1554-1623, a divine and poet, a 
 native of Kent, educated at Christ Church, Oxf., becam 
 Rector of St. Botolph, Bishopsgate Street, London, which 
 post he retained until his death. It is much to his credi 
 that he was distinguished for his opposition to the dra 
 matic entertainments of the day. 1. The Schoole of Abuse 
 conteining a plesaunt invective against Poetes, Pipers 
 Players, Jesters, and such like Caterpillars of a Common 
 wealth, Lon., 1579, 16mo; 1585, '87, 4to. One of th 
 earliest treatises against the stage. Reprinted in vol. iiL 
 of the Somers Collection of Tracts. 2. The Ephemeride 
 of Phialo, deuided into three books, 1579, 16mo ; 1585 o 
 1586, 16mo. 3. Plays confuted in fiue Actions, prouin 
 that they are not to be suffred in a Christian Common 
 weale, 1580, 8vo. 4. The Trumpet of Warre; a Serm 
 710 
 
 GOU 
 
 n 2 Chron. xx. 20, 1598, 8vo. Gosson also wrote, be- 
 des minor poetical pieces, the three following dramas, 
 which were not printed : 5. Catiline's Conspiracies. 6. 
 )he Comedie of Captain Mario. 7. Praise at Parting ; 
 lorality. 
 
 " He was noted for his admirable penning of pastorals, being so 
 xcellent therein that he was ranked (by Meres in his Wit's Trea- 
 urie, 1598) with Sir Ph. Sidney, Tho. Chaloner, Edm. Spencer, 
 \.brah. Fraunce, and Rich. Bernfield, noted poets of their time." 
 then. Oxon. 
 
 Gostelo, Walter. 1. Letter to the Lord Protector, 
 Lon., 1654, fol. 2. Charles Stewart and Oliver Cromwell 
 nited, 1655, 8vo. 3. The Coming of God in Mercy, in 
 r engeance ; beginning with Fire, to convert or consume, 
 ,t this so sinful City London: oh! London, London, 
 658, 8vo. 
 
 " The medical term hallucination, as defined by Dr. Ferrar in his 
 cientific and rational Theory of Apparitions, may be well applied 
 o describe the state of the author's mind when he wrote this 
 ingular book." Iteslituta, iii. 100-120, where see copious extracts. 
 Gostling, Win., 1705-1777, Vicar of Stone, in the 
 island of Oxney, and minor canon of the cathedral of 
 Canterbury. 1. A Walk in and about the City of Canter- 
 ury, Lon., 1774, 8vo. Enlarged, Canterb., 1777, 8vo. 
 2. On a Fire Ball, Ac., Phil. Trans., 1741. 
 Gostwyke, Roger. Trans, of Polanus's treat, on 
 redestination, Camb., 1599, 8vo. 
 Gostwyke, Wm. Serms., 1685, '92, '96, all 4to. 
 Goswell, John. Discourses, 1715, 8vo. 
 Gosynhyll, Edward. The Prayse of all Women, 
 5alled Muleru Pean. Very fruytfull and delectable vnto 
 11 the reders. 
 
 " Loke and rede who that can, 
 
 This booke is prayse to eche woman." 
 
 Lon., sine anno, (1544?) 4to, pp. 40. Black-letter. 
 Very rare. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 917, 31 10*; resold at 
 Saunders's, in 1818, 22 1*. Hibbert, 3482, 11 11. 
 The poet was not ashamed of his performance, for he 
 concludes with 
 
 " Yf question be moved who is thyne authour, 
 Be not addrad to utter his name, 
 Say EDWARDE GOSYNHYLL toke the labour," Ac. 
 Gotch, F. W. On the word BAIlTlZil, Ac., Lon., 
 Bvo, . a. 
 
 Gother, John, d. 1704, a native of Southampton, 
 a member of the Church of England, became a Roman 
 Catholic priest, resided chiefly in London, and wrote a 
 number of controversial works. His style is commended 
 by Dryden as a masterpiece. His principal work, A 
 Papist Misrepresented and Represented, 1665, 4to, which 
 was answered by Sherlock, Stillingfleet, Ac., we have 
 already noticed, (see CHALLONER, RICHARD, D.D.,) and 
 refer the reader to Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 1087, 1088. His 
 Nubes Testium, 1686, 4to, also excited some controversy. 
 See Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 1089. A new ed. of his Sincere 
 Christian's Guide in the Choice of Religion was pub. in 
 1804, ISmo. A new ed. of his Lessons on the Feasts was 
 put forth by Husenbeth, 1846, 2 vols. 12mo. A new ed. 
 of his Sinner's Complaint to God was pub. by Mr. Dol 
 man, bookseller, London, 1839, 12mo. There have been 
 various eds. of separate treatises of Gother's ; and a col 
 lective ed. of his Spiritual Works, consisting of his Moral 
 and Devotional Writings, appeared in 1790, 16 vols. 12mo, 
 Newcastle. To his literary merits we have the following 
 testimony by an eminent authority : 
 
 "The reader of Gother's works will, perhaps, think with the 
 present writer, that no composition in the English language ap 
 proaches nearer to the severe and nervous simplicity of the best 
 writings of the Dean of St. Patrick's." CHARLES BUTLER. 
 
 Gotselin, d. 1098, a Frenchman, a monk of the mo 
 nastery of St. Berlin, was brought to England by Here- 
 man in 1058, and became a monk of Canterbury. His 
 principal work was a series of lives and miracles of Saints 
 more especially connected with Canterbury. For an ac 
 count of Gotselin, his works, and edits, of them, we refer 
 the reader to Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 We find little original matter of any importance in Gotselin's 
 biographies. They consist chiefly of inflated versions of the 
 simpler style of the older writers; on which account Fabricius 
 compares him to the Greek hagiographer Simeon Metaphrastes." 
 Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. 
 
 Gott, Samuel. An Essay of the True Happiness 
 of Man, Lon., 1650, 8vo. 
 
 Gouge, Thomas, 1605-1681, a native of Bow, justly 
 celebrated for his zeal in good works, was the son of Wil 
 liam Gouge, D.D. He was educated at Eton School and 
 King's Coll., Camb., of whwh he became Fellow. In 1638 
 he was presented to St. Sepulchre's, and laboured there 
 zealously in the discharge of his ministerial duties until 
 1662, when the Act of Uniformity silenced his preaching. 
 He now devoted himself to the propagation of religion, 
 
GOU 
 
 especially in Wales, where his schools soon numbered in 
 time between 300 and 400, all of which he visited at least 
 once every year. He had printed 8000 copies of the Bible 
 in Welsh, and had trans, into the same language The 
 Practice of Piety, The Whole Duty of Man, The Church 
 Catechism, Ac. He used to say that he had " two livings 
 which he would not exchange for two of the greatest in 
 England." He referred to Wales and to Christ's Hospital, 
 London, where he instructed the children in the principles 
 of religion. But time and surely our space would fail 
 to tell the tenth part of this good man's efforts for the 
 glory of God and the salvation of man. When at last 
 called, at the ripe age of seventy-seven, to rest from his 
 labours, his death was regarded as a public loss. The 
 great Dr. Tillotson, who preached a most affecting sermon 
 in honour of his memory, declared that, 
 
 "All things considered, there have not since the primitive times 
 of Christianity been many among the Sons of Men to whom that 
 glorious Character of the Son of God might be better applied that 
 he. went about doing good. And Wales may as worthily boast of 
 this truly Apostolical Man as of their famous St. David." 
 We have other testimonies to the same effect: 
 " But Mr. Gouge's most eminent distinction was his unwearied 
 diligence in doing good, in which he had a most singular sagacity 
 and prudence in contriving the most effectual means for it." DR. 
 THOMAS BIRCH : Life of Archbishop Tillotson. 
 
 " I never heard any one person, of whatever rank, sort, or sect 
 soever, speak one word to his dishonour, or name any fault that 
 they charged on his life and doctrine." RICHARD BAXTER : Narra 
 tive of his own Life and Times. 
 
 "The excellent Gouge! . . . My honoured Gouge! ... It is 
 lamentable to see the ignorance and wickedness yet remaining 
 even in many parts of the British dominions in Wales, in the 
 Highlands, and in Ireland. Are the Gouges all dead?" COTTON 
 MATHER : Essays to do Good. 
 
 This excellent man pub. a biography of his father, pre 
 fixed to the works of the latter, 1665. Several serms., 
 1663, '73, '77, '79. The Principles of the Christian Re 
 ligion Explained, 1679. The Young Man's Guide to 
 Heaven, Christian Directions, and A Word to Sinners and 
 a Word to Saints, 1681. An accession serm. was pub. 
 after his death, 1717; and a collective ed. of his works, 
 with Dr. Tillotson's Funeral Serm., was pub. in 1706, 8vo. 
 "Gouge's Works are, like their venerable author, full of piety, 
 charity, humility, and moderation ; in a word, full of practical 
 wisdom, accompanied with zeal for the glory of God and the salva 
 tion of souls." Williams' s C. P. 
 
 Of The Surest and Safest Way of Thriving, viz., by 
 Charity to the Poor; a Serm. on Matt. x. 41, 42, 1673, 4to. 
 A new ed. was issued in 1852, 18mo; and another in the 
 present month, May, 1856, fp. 8vo, with Prefatory Remarks 
 by Baxter, and Drs. Owen, Manton, Bates, and T. Binney, 
 and a Sketch of the Author's Life by the latter. The Young 
 Man's Guide to Heaven has also been republished. The 
 practice of this good man in the matter of "giving," ac 
 corded with his precept : for when his annual income was 
 reduced to 150, he gave away the 100 and lived on the 
 50. 
 
 Gouge, William, D.D., 1575-1653, a native of Bow, 
 father of the preceding, was educated at Eton School and 
 King's Coll., Camb.; Rector of St. Ann, Blackfriars, Lon 
 don, 1608-53; one of the Assembly of Divines, 1643. He 
 was one of those who protested against the murder of 
 Charles I. 1. The World's Great Restoration, (written by 
 H. Finch,) Lon., 1621, 4to. 2. Explan. of the Lord's 
 Prayer, 1626, 4to. 3. Domestical Duties, 1626, fol. 4. The 
 Whole Armour of God, 1627, fol. 5. Works, in 4 parts, 
 1627, fol. 6. God's Three Arrows, 1631, 4to. 7. Com 
 ment, on Ps. cxvi., 1632, 4to. 8. Serm., 1642, 4to. 9. Serm., 
 1646, 4to. 10. Comment, on the Hebrews, with Life of 
 Thomas Gouge, 1655, 2 vols. fol. This excellent work 
 contains the substance of nearly one thousand sermons 
 delivered on lectures on Wednesday for thirty years ! 
 
 " A very full, evangelical, and practical commentary." Bicker- 
 steth's C. S. 
 
 " Gouge was a learned and pious divine, and a good textman : 
 he was counted (whilst he lived) the father of the London minis 
 ters." LEIGH. 
 
 " For forty-five years he was the laborious, the exemplary, and 
 the much-loved minister of St. Anne's, Blackfriars, where none 
 ever thought or spoke ill of him but such as were inclined to 
 think or speak ill of religion itself." GRANGER. 
 
 Gouge, William M., b. Nov. 10, 1796, at Phila 
 delphia, was for many years engaged in the preparation 
 of the Documents in the Treasury Department of the U. S. 
 1. A Short History of Paper Money and Banking in the 
 U. S., including An Inquiry into the Principles of the 
 System, with considerations of its effects on Morals and 
 Happiness, Philada., 1833, 12mo, pp. 396 ; 2d ed., Philad., 
 1842. This work has attracted considerable attention 
 throughout Europe and America. A mutilated edition of 
 the first part was republished in England by Wm. Cobbett, 
 
 GOU 
 
 under the title of "The Curse of Paper Money." An 
 ibridgment of the work appeared in La Revue Univer- 
 elle, Brussels. See McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ. 2. An 
 Inquiry into the Expediency of dispensing with Bank 
 Agency and with Bank Paper in the Fiscal Concerns of 
 he U. States, 1837, pp. 56. 3. History of the American 
 Banking System, 12mo, N. Y., 1835. 4. The Fiscal His 
 tory of Texas, 8vo, pp. 327, Philad., 1852. Mr. Gouge 
 las edited several journals, and has contributed for the 
 ast thirty years many valuable articles on banks and 
 ranking to various journals of the Union. 
 
 Gough, C. J. Serm., Lon., 1794, 4to. 
 
 Gongh, J. The Strange Discovery; a Tragi-Comedy, 
 Lon., 1640, 4to. 
 
 Gough, J. Discourse, Ac., 1789, '91, both 8vo. 
 
 Gough, John. 1. Godly Boke, Lon., 1561, 16mo. 
 2. Answer to Freeman, 1570, 8vo. 
 
 Gough, John. Ecclesiae Anglicanae Threnodia. In 
 qua perturbatissimus Regni et Ecclesiae Status sub Ana- 
 baptistica Tyrannida lugetur, Londini, 1661, 8vo. 
 
 Gough, John. Hist of the Quakers, from their first 
 Rise to the present time ; compiled from authentic Records 
 and from the Writings of that People, Dubl., 1789-90, 4 
 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Gough, John. 1. Positions of Sonorous Bodies, 
 1807. 2. Con. to Nicholson's Jour., 1798-1813. See Bibl. 
 Brit. 
 
 Gough, John B., a celebrated temperance lecturer, 
 b. 1817, at Sandgate, in Kent, England, removed to the 
 United States at the age of twelve years, has pub. his 
 Autobiography, Lon., 1846, '53, 18mo, and his Orations, 
 1854, 18mo. A Sketch of his Life, by Rev. W. Reid, was 
 pub. in 1854, sq. 
 
 Mr. Gough has accomplished an incalculable amount 
 of good by his advocacy of the only remedy for nine-tenths 
 of the crime and pauperism which afflict Great Britain 
 and the United States. See BEECHER, LYMAN, D.D. 
 
 Gough, Richard, 1735-1809, "The Camden of the 
 18th century," has been already noticed in our article on 
 the illustrious antiquary just named ; but a detailed ac 
 count of Mr. Gough and his labours principally from his 
 own pen will be found in Nichols's Lit. Anec., vi. 262 
 343 ; and see other vols. of that excellent work. He was 
 a native of London, educated at Bene't Coll., Camb.; and, 
 being the inheritor of a large fortune, devoted his life to 
 the zealous prosecution of antiquarian research. Among 
 his principal works, in addition to his edit, of the Bri 
 tannia, already particularly noticed by us, are, 1. Anecdotes 
 of British Topography, Lon., 1768, 4to. Enlarged, 1780, 2 
 vols. 4to. This last impression was corrected with a view 
 to a third ed., and presented to the author's friend, John 
 Nichols : 
 
 " Who will readily relinquish his right if the respectable Cura 
 tors of the Oxford Press think proper to undertake a new Edition." 
 Nichols's Lit. Anec., vi. 273. 
 
 Respecting this subject, see Preface, p. 2, to Mr. Up- 
 cott's Bibliographical Account of the Principal Works re 
 lating to English Topography, Lon., 1818, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 2. Sepulchral Monuments in Great Britain, applied to illus 
 trate the History of Families, Manners, Habits, and Arts 
 at the different periods from the Norman Conquest to the 
 17th century. Vol. i., containing the first four centuries 
 from the Conquest, 1786, fol. Vol. ii., containing the 15th 
 century, 1796, fol. Introduction to vol. ii., 1799. Vol. ii. 
 consists of three Parts, and the whole work is generally 
 described as in 3 vols. fol., bound in 5. Many copies of 
 this work, particularly of the 3d vol., were destroyed by 
 fire, and the whole work is seldom found free from stains. 
 A perfect set is worfh from 55 to 62, according to bind 
 ing and condition. See collation in Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 Mr. Gough had made extensive preparations for a new 
 edit., and the drawings, <fcc. collected with this design 
 form part of his bequest to the Bodleian Library. Its 
 appearance elicited enthusiastic commendations, of which 
 we quote some specimens : 
 
 " I found here your most magnificent present of the Second 
 Volume of Sepulchral Monuments, the most splendid work I ever 
 saw, and which I congratulate myself on having lived long enough 
 to see. Indeed, I congratulate my country on its appearance 
 exactly at so illustrious a moment," &c. HORACE WALPOLE. 
 
 "This truly magnificent work would alone have been sufficient 
 to perpetuate his fame, and the credit of the Arts in England: 
 where few works of superior splendour have before or since ap 
 peared. The independent master of an ample fortune, he was in 
 all respects pre-eminently qualified for the labours of an Anti 
 quary ; the pain of whose researches can but rarely meet an ade 
 quate remuneration. This magnificent work must long ago have 
 convinced the world that he possessed not only the most inde 
 fatigable perseverance, but an ardour which no expense could 
 possibly deter." Nichols's Lit. Anec.: ubi supra. 
 
GOU 
 
 GOU 
 
 A minor work (1794, 4to) of Mr. Gough but one of great 
 interest to the bibliographer is the Account of the Bed 
 ford Missal, presented by Henry VI. to the Duchess of 
 Bedford^ purchased by Mr. Edwards at the Duchess of 
 Portland's sale. Mr. Edwards gave for this splendid MS., 
 in 1786, 213. He was twice or thrice offered 500 guineas 
 for it It was purchased at his sale in 1815, by the Mar 
 quis of Blandford the purchaser of the Valdarfer Boc 
 caccio for 2240 ! for 687 15*. Mr. Gough pronounces 
 it the finest example of the art of that period (opening of 
 the 15th century) he had ever seen. Kefer to Gough's 
 Account, Dibdin's Bibliographical Decameron, and Ed- 
 wards's Sale Catalogue, 1815. Mr. Gough's library, prints, 
 antiquities, <fcc. were sold in 1810, and produced 4069 
 9*. 6d. The bibliographer must possess this catalogue, 
 and also the Catalogue of his Books relating to Topo 
 graphy, &c. bequeathed to the Bodleian Library, Oxf., 
 1814, 4to. The character of this eminent antiquary has 
 been thus eloquently sketched by Dr. Dibdin : 
 
 " While the greater number of his associates might have been 
 emulous of distinguishing themselves in the gaieties of the table 
 or the chace, it was the peculiar feeling and master passion of 
 young Gough's mind to be constantly looking upon every arti 
 ficial object without as food for meditation and record. The 
 mouldering turret and the crumbling arch, the moss-covered 
 stone and the obliterated inscription, served to excite, in his mind, 
 the most ardent sensations, and to kindle that fire of antiquarian 
 research, which afterwards never knew decay : which burnt with 
 undiminished lustre at the close of his existence, and which 
 prompted him, when in the full enjoyment of his bodily faculties, 
 to explore long-deserted castles and mansions, to tread long- 
 neglected by-ways, and to snatch from impending oblivion many 
 a precious relick, and many a venerable ancestry. He is the 
 CAMDEN of modern times. He spared no labour, no toil, no ex- 
 pence, to obtain the best information ; and to give it publicity, 
 when obtained, in a manner the most liberal and effective." 
 Ifichols's Typograph. Antiq. of G. Brit. 
 
 As an evidence of Gough's early love of letters, we may 
 cite his trans, from the French of the History of the Bible 
 (160 folio sheets) performed between the ages of 11 and 12 
 years ; and a trans, from the French of Claude Fleury's Cus 
 tom of the Israelites, performed when in his sixteenth year. 
 Gough, Strickland. Serms., 1709, '13, '14, all 8vo. 
 Gough, Strickland. Serms., Ac., 1733-75, all 8vo. 
 Gough, Wm. Londinum Triumphans ; or, an Hist. 
 Acct. of the grand Influence the Actions of the City of 
 London have had upon the Affairs of the Nation for many 
 Ages past, Lon., 1682, 8vo. 
 
 Gough, \Vm. Discourses, 1695, 12mo. 
 Goughe, Alex. The Queen; or, the Excellency of 
 her Sex, Lon, 1653, 4to. 
 
 Goughe, Hugh. House of Ottomano, fcc., Lon., 
 . a., 8vo. 
 
 Goulburn, Edward. 1. The Blueviad; a Satirical 
 Poem, 1805, 8vo. 2. The Pursuits of Fashion ; a Satirical 
 Poem, 1812. 3. Edward de Montfort ; a Nov., 1812, 3 vols. 
 Goulburn, Edward Meyrick, D.D., Master of 
 Eugby School. 1. Serm., 1 Sam. xix. 20, Lon., 1849, 8vo. 
 2. The Doctrine of the Resurrection of the same Body, as 
 taught in Holy Scripture ; Eight Serms. : Bampton Lec 
 tures, 1850, Oxf., 1850, 8vo. 3. Devotional Forms, Lon., 
 1851, 12mo. 4. Treat, on Grammar, 1852, 12mo. 5. Paro 
 chial and other Serms., Oxf., 1853, 8vo. 
 
 Gould, Augustus Addison, M.D., b. April 23, 
 1805, at New Ipswich, N. Hampshire, received the degree 
 of Bachelor of Arts at Harvard, 1825, and of Doctor of 
 Medicine, 1830. 1. Lamarck's Genera of Shells, with j 
 List of Species ; translated from the French, Bost., 1833 
 12mo. 2. A System of Natural History; containing 
 Scientific and Popular Descriptions of Various Animals, 
 Ac., 1833, r. 8vo. Of this valuable work many editions 
 have been issued. 3. Report on the Invcrtebrata of Mas 
 sachusetts, Camb., 1841, 8vo. 4. Principles of Zoology 
 by Louis Agassiz and Augustus A. Gould, Bost., 1848 
 I2mo; 2d ed., revised and enlarged, 1851. This work waj 
 republished in Bonn's Scientific Library, Lon., 1851 
 Trans, into German by Prof. Bronn; pub. at Stuttgard 
 1851. 
 
 The design of this work is to furnish an epitome of the leading 
 principles of the science of zoology as deduced from the present 
 state of knowledge, so illustrated as to be intelligible to the be 
 ginning student. No similar treatise exists; and, indeed, some 
 of the topics have not been touched upon before, unless in a 
 Btrictly technical form and in scattered articles." Extract from 
 the Preface. 
 
 " A work emanating from so high a source hardly requires com 
 mendation to give it currency. The volume is prepared for thf 
 student in zoological science; it is simple and elementary in it 
 style, full in its illustrations, comprehensive in its range, yet wel 
 condensed, and brought into the narrow compass requisite for th 
 purpose intended." Silliman'x Journal. 
 
 " This work places us in possession of information half a century 
 In advance of all our elementary works on this subject. . . . 
 712 
 
 work of the same dimensions has ever appeared iu the English 
 anguage containing so much new and valuable information on 
 he subject of which it treats." PROF. JAMES HALL, of Albany. 
 5. The Terrestrial Air-breathing Mollusks of the United 
 tates and the Adjacent Territories of North America; 
 escribed and illustrated by Amos Binney, 2 vols. 8vo; 
 ext and 1 vol. plates, Boston, 1851-55. A Posthumous 
 work, edited and completed by A. A. Gould. Dr. Gould 
 as prefixed to this splendid work a biographical Memoir 
 f its distinguished author. 6. Mollusca and Shells ; being 
 ol. xii. of the United States Exploring Expedition, 1852", 
 to, with an atlas of plates, and fol. 7. History of New 
 pswich, N. Hampshire, from its First Grant in 1736 to 
 852, by A. A. Gould and Frederic Kidder, Bost., 1852, 
 vo. Dr. Gould has edited and contributed many valuable 
 rticles to various scientific and medical journals. 
 
 Gould, Benjamin Apthorp, Jr., b. Sept. 27, 1824, 
 n Boston ; grad. at Harvard Coll., 1844, and at Gottingen, 
 848; Associate Royal Astronomical Soc., 1854; appointed 
 Mrector of the Dudley Observatory, Albany, N.Y., 1856. 
 Dr. Gould established in 1849 the Astronomical Journal, 
 which he edits with great ability. It now (1858) makes 
 our large quarto vols. The Solar Parallax, (U.S. Naval 
 Astron. Exp.,) Washington, 1857, pp. 230, 4to. He has 
 ontrib. to the U.S. Coast Survey Reports, 1852-57, Astro- 
 lomische Nachrichten, 1847-56, Amer. Jour, of ScL, Proc. 
 Amer. Assoc. for Adv. of Science, N. Amer. Rev., Chris- 
 ian Examiner, New York Quarterly, Ac. 
 
 Mr. Everett, in his Discourse on the Uses of Astronomy, 
 lelivered at Albany on the 28th of August, 1856, on occa- 
 ion of the inauguration of the Dudley Observatory, notices 
 imong the happy auspices under which the Observatory 
 :ommenced its history that it was 
 
 committed to the immediate supervision of an astronomer (Dr. B. 
 L. Gould, Jr.) to whose distinguished talent has been added the 
 dvautage of a thorough scientific education in the most renowned 
 iniversities of Europe, and who, as the editor of the American 
 Lstronomical Journal, has shown himself to be fully qualified for 
 he high trust." p. 15. 
 
 Gould, Edward S., b. 1808, Litchfield, Conn., a 
 nerchant of N. York, is a son of the late Judge James 
 &ould of Connecticut, author of a celebrated Treatise on 
 he Principles of Pleading in Civil Actions ; see post. 1. 
 Travels in Egypt; translated from Dumas, 1838. 2. Demo- 
 racy in France ; trans, from Dumas, 1839. 3. Eugenie 
 Jrandet; trans, from Balzac, 1841. 4. Father Goriot; 
 trans, from Balzac, 1842. 5. The Sleep-Rider ; a burlesque 
 tale, 1842. 6. Abridgment of Alison's Hist, of Europe, 
 L843. 7. The Very Age ; a Comedy, 1850. Also a con- 
 .ributor to many literary and theological journals, and the 
 author of several translations from Victor Hugo and A. 
 Royer, in addition to those above noted. 
 
 Gould, Hannah Flagg, a native of Lancaster, Ver 
 mont, removed in early life to Newburyport, Massachu 
 setts, where she has since resided. In 1832 she pub. a 
 vol. of poems, which had originally appeared in the pe 
 riodicals of the day. In 1835 a second, and in 1841 a 
 third, vol. were given to the world. The number of edits, 
 of these productions is the best proof of the extensive 
 popularity of the author. Encouraged by such success, 
 in 1846 she pub. a collection of her prose articles, under 
 the title of Gathered Leaves, or Miscellaneous Papers, 
 and in 1850 favoured the reading public with a volume 
 of New Poems. In the same year appeared The Diosma : 
 a perennial a vol. of poems selected and original ; and 
 The Youth's Coronal, a book of poems for little people. 
 She has since pub. in 1853 The Mother's Dream, and 
 other poems. 
 
 " In truth, the great power of her poetry is its moral application. 
 This hallows every object she looks upon, and ennobles every in 
 cident she celebrates. She takes lowly and homely themes, but 
 she turns them to the light of heaven, and they are beautiful and 
 refined and elevated." Mrs. Hates Woman's Record. 
 
 See also Griswold's Female Poets of America. 
 
 Gould, Judge James, 1770-1838, educated at Yale 
 College, became widely known as Professor in the Law 
 School at Litchfield, Connecticut. In 1816 he was ap 
 pointed Judge of the Superior Court and Supreme Court 
 of Errors in Connecticut. A memoir of this distinguished 
 ornament of the legal profession will be found in G. H. 
 Hollister's Hist, of Connecticut, vol. ii. A Treatise on 
 the Principles of Pleading in Civil Actions, 1832, 8vo; 
 2d ed., N.York, 1836, 8vo; 3d ed., Burlington, 1849, 8vo. 
 This work is compiled from the lectures delivered by 
 Judge Gould in the course of his duties at Litchfield. 
 
 "We should be pleased to find Judge Gould's production in the 
 hands of every student, alongside of Mr. Stephen's." Hoffman s 
 Leg. Stu.. xxxviii. 1. 
 
 " The work does not enter much into details, but as a concise 
 and accurate collection and statement of the principles of Pleading 
 it is not equalled by any similar production except Serjeant Sto- 
 
GOU GOW 
 
 phen's. Gould's Pleading is a legal classic of the highest order, 1 Gouldsborough, John. See GoLDE S BOROUGH,JoBJr. 
 and has placed its author among the very best legal writers of the Goulston, Goulson, or GlllsOIl, Theodore,M.D., 
 ;e." See Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 342; 8A..T.,74; 15,495; 1 L.R.,53. d 1632, a native of Northamptonshire, founder of the Lec- 
 Gould, John, an eminent naturalist, b. at Lyme, Dor- turesn ;p O f Pathology which bears his name, was educated 
 setshire, England, Sept. 14, 1804, displayed in early life a ftt and Fellow of) Merton Coll., Oxf. He enjoyed an ex- 
 taste for those pursuits the successful prosecution of which tensive p rac tice in London, and was distinguished as a 
 has gained him such merited distinction. 1. A Century of Lat}n and Gree k sc holar. 1. Versio Latina et Paraphrasis 
 Birds from the Himalaya Mountains, Lon., 1831-32, imp. in Aristote i is Rhetoricam, Lon., 1619, '23, 4to. 2. Aristo- 
 fol., 14 14. 2. Birds of Europe, 1832-37, 5 vols. imp. te j. g de p oetic a, Liber Latine con versus, et Analytica Me- 
 fol., 76 8. Qd. 3. Monograph of the Ramphastidae; or, tho(Jo iu ugtratuSj 1623, 4to. Cum Notis Sylburgi Heinsii, 
 Family of Toucans, 1834, imp. fol., 7. 4. Icones Avium, Camb 1696) 8vo . 3. Versio Variae Lectiones et Annota- 
 1837-38, Pts. 1 and 2, imp. fol., 35s. each. 5. Monograph doneg Criticge in Opuscula varia Galeni, Lon., 1640, 4to. 
 of the Trogonidse; or, Family of Trogons, 1838, imp. fol., Bdited by his f r i en d, the Rev. Thomas Gataker, of Ro- 
 8. In 1838 Mr. Gould visited Australia with the laudable | therhitne> 
 
 Request to R. Catholics, Lon., 1687, 4to. 
 
 design of studying the natural productions of that country 
 As the result of this visit, we have the following splendid 
 work: 6. The Birds of Australia, 1842-51, 7 vols. imp. fol., 
 115. A Synopsis of this work has been pub., imp. 8vo, 
 at 25s. each Pt. 7. Monograph of the Macropodidae ; or, 
 Family of Kangaroos, 1841-42, imp. fol., Pts. 1 and 2, 
 each 3 3s. 8. Monograph of the Odontophorinae ; or, 
 Partridges of America, 1844-46, imp. fol., 8 8s. 9. Mam 
 mals of Australia, 1845, Pts. 1 and 2, imp. fol., each 3 3s. 
 10. Trochilidae; or, Family of Humming Birds, 1850, Pt. 
 1, imp. fol., 3 3s. To Mr. Gould's knowledge and taste 
 the public is indebted for the collection of Humming Birds 
 now exhibited in the Gardens of the Zoological Society, 
 Regent's Park, London. This collection should be exa 
 mined, after an attentive perusal of W. C. L. Martin's General 
 History of the Trochilidae, with especial reference to the 
 Collection of J. Gould, F.R.S., <fcc. This volume ranges 
 with Jardine's Naturalist's Library, and completes the 
 Humming Birds in that series. We should not omit to 
 give Mr. Gould credit for his labours in aiding to prepare 
 the department of "Birds" in the Zoology of the Voyage 
 of H. M. S. Beagle. In this vol. will be found a notice of 
 their habits and ranges by CHARLES DARWIN, q. v 
 
 Gould, John W., 1814-1838, a native of Litchfield, 
 Conn., a brother of Edward S. Gould, and son of Judge 
 James Gould, contributed a number of articles to the New 
 York Mirror, and the Knickerbocker Magazine, in the 
 years 1834-35. These were collected after his death and 
 privately printed by his brothers in 1839, 8vo. The Tales 
 and Sketches of the vol. entitled Forecastle Yarns were 
 pub. by the New World Press in 1843, and a new ed. by 
 Stringer and Townsend, N. York, 1854. See Duyckincks' 
 Cyc. of Amer. Lit. 
 
 Gould, Lucius D., b. 1814, in N. Jersey, America. 
 House-Carpenter's and Joiner's Assistant, N. York, 4to. 
 
 Gould, M. T. The Stenographic Reporter ; a monthly 
 Journal, Washington, 1840-41, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Gould, Nathaniel D., of Boston, Mass. 1. Com 
 panion to the Psalmist. 2. National Church Harmony. 
 3. Sabbath School Harmony. 4. Social Harmony. 5. Sa 
 cred Minstrel. 6. Beauties of Writing. 7. Writing Mas 
 ter's Assistant. 8. Progressive Penmanship. 9. Hist, of 
 Church Music in America. 
 
 Gould, Robert. 1. Ludus Scacchia; a Satyr, with 
 other Poems, Lon., 1675, 8vo. 2. Poems, chiefly consist 
 ing of Satyrs and Satyrical Pieces, 1689, 8vo. 3. The 
 Corruption of the Times by Money; a Satyr, 1693, fol. 
 
 Gould, VV. T. Address Introduc. to the 2d Course 
 of Lectures in the Law School at Augusta,Augusta,1835,8vo 
 Gould, Wm. Serin., Lon., 1676, 4to. 
 
 Con. on nat. philos., <fcc. to Phil. Trans., 
 
 Gould, Wm. 
 1684. 
 
 Gould, Wm. 
 Gould, Wm. 
 Gould, Wm 
 
 English Ants, Lon., 1747, 8vo. 
 Serm., 1774, 4to. 
 
 Trans, of A Short Discourse of the 
 Sacrament, by Maurus Rabanus, Aberd., 1624, 12mo. 
 
 Gould, Wm. M. Zephyrs from Italy and Sicily, N. 
 York, 1852, 16mo. Highly commended. 
 
 Goulde, Wm. Serms., 1672, '74, '76, '82, all 4to. 
 Goulding, Rev. F. R., of Kingston, Georgia. Ro- 
 
 Gourdon. _,_ 
 
 Gonrdon, Sir Robert. Receipt to Cure Mad Dogs 
 or their bite; Phil. Trans., 1687. 
 
 Gourlay, John. Art of War, 1809, 8vo. 
 Gourlay, Robert. 1. Reform, 1809, 8vo. 2. Lett, 
 to Earl of Kellie, 1809, 8vo. 3. Upper Canada, 1822, 3 
 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Gourlay, Wm., M.D. 1. Diseases of Jamaica, 1783- 
 1808, Lon., 1811, 8vo. 2. Con. to Med. Com., 1785, '91. 
 Gove, Rev. Richard. Theolog. treatises, 1650-54. 
 Goveanus, Thomas. 1. Ars Sciendi, Lon., 1682, 
 8vo. 2. Logica Elenatica, Dubl., 1683, 12mo. 
 Govett, R. Theolog. works, Lon., 1841-53. 
 Govett, R., Jr. Expos, of Isaiah, Lon., 1841, 8vo. 
 ' Some valuable remarks on the prophecies, but too little regard 
 ing their past fulfilment." Bickcrsteth's C. S. 
 Other theological works. 
 
 Gow, Neil. 1. Reports N. P. Ct., C. P., and Oxf. Cir., 
 M. T., ISIS, to E. T., 1820, Lon., 1828, 8vo. 2. Prac. Treat 
 on Law of Partnership, 3d ed., with addits., 1841, r. 8vo. 
 2d Amer. ed., with Notes and ref. to Amer. Cases, Phila., 
 and Append, to 1844, Phila., 1837-45, 8vo. 3d Amer. ed. 
 Mr. Ingraham has enriched this work by a series of learned 
 
 es, in which the American cases are diligently collected, and 
 
 the force and application of them ably considered." Kent's Com. 
 Gowar, F. R. Chein. con. to Nic. Jour., 1811. 
 Gower. Patriotic Songster, Ac., Lon., 1793, 12mo. 
 Gower, Foote, M.D. 1. Sketch of the Materials for 
 a new Hist, of Cheshire, <fec., Lon., 1771, 4to; 2d ed., Ches 
 ter, 1772, 4to; 3d ed., by Wm. Latham, 1800, who pub. an 
 Address to the Public on the subject, as did also (1772, 4to) 
 Dr. Foote. 
 
 Gower, Humphrey, D.D., Master of St. John's Coll., 
 Camb. 1. Two Funl. Serms., 1685, 4to. 2. Serm., 1685. 
 Gower, John, 1325P-1402, the contemporary and 
 friend of Chaucer, is entitled to some share of the honours 
 which principally pertain to the latter as the Father of 
 English Poetry. The personal history of Gower Sir 
 John Gower, so some, Judge Gower, so others is involved 
 in great obscurity. All that can be considered settled is 
 that he was a student of law in the Inner Temple, learned 
 in his profession, a man of substance, and in high esteem 
 with his contemporaries, and lost his* sight about three 
 years before his death. His monument, which retains "a 
 considerable portion of ancient magnificence," is still to 
 be seen in St. Saviour's Church. 
 
 "It is of the Gothic style, covered with three arches, the roof 
 ithin springing into many angles, under which lies the statue 
 of the deceased, in a long purple gown; on his head a coronet of 
 roses, resting on three volumes entitled Vox Clamantis, Speculum, 
 Meditantis and Confessio Amantis. His dress has given rise to some 
 of those conjectures respecting his history which cannot now be 
 determined, as his being a knight, a judge, etc." 
 
 His principal work consists of three parts, only the third 
 of which finished in 1393 has been printed : I. Specu 
 lum Meditantis, or the Mirrour of Meditation; in French 
 rhymes, ten books : it treats of the nature of virtue and 
 vice ; conjugal fidelity; the duty and mode of repentance. 
 II. Vox Clamautis, or the Voice of one crying in the Wil- 
 derness/contains in seven books of Latin elegiacs a metri 
 cal chronicle of the insurrection of the Commons in the 
 reign of Richard the Second. III. The Confessio Aman- 
 
 bertand Harold; or, The Young Marooners on the Florida tis, or the Lover's Confession, is an English poem in eight 
 
 1 books, (said to contain 30,000 verses,) written by command 
 of Richard the Second, who, " meeting our poet Gower 
 rowing on the Thames near London, invited him into the 
 royal barge, and after much conversation requested him 
 to 'book some new thing.'" 
 
 " It is on the last of these pieces the CONFESSIO AMANTIS that 
 Gower's character and reputation as a poet are almost entirely 
 founded. This poem, which bears no immediate reference to the 
 other two divisions, is a dialogue between a lover and bis con 
 fessor, who is a priest of Venus, and. like the mystagogue in the 
 PICTURE of Cebes, is called Genius. Here, as if it bad been impos 
 sible for a lover not to be a good Catholic, the ritual of religion is 
 applied to the tender passion, and Ovid's Art of Love is blended 
 with the breviary. In the course of the confession, every evil 
 
 Coast, Phila., 1852, 18mo. 
 
 " I have read the Young Marooners in MS. with exceeding in 
 terest, and think it one of the most attractive books for the young 
 I have ever seen. My group of children, to whom I read it, with 
 unanimous acclaim pronounced the book to be equal to Robinson 
 Crusoe. A child's verdict cannot give higher praise." REV. JOHN 
 S. C. ABBOTT. 
 
 " We do not hesitate to say that it is a remarkable little book; 
 and will undoubtedly become a great favourite with the young, as 
 it well deserves the confidence and favour of parents." Phila. 
 Biblical Repertory. 
 
 Gouldman, Francis. Lat. and Eng. Dict'y, Lon., 
 1664, 4to ; Camb., 1674, 4to. With addits/ by Dr. Scatter- 
 good, 1678, fol 
 
GOW 
 
 affection of the human heart which may tend to impede the pro 
 gress or counteract the success of love, is scientifically subdivided, 
 and its fatal effects exemplified by a variety of apposite stories, 
 extracted from classics and chronicles. The poet often introduces 
 or recapitulates his matter in a few couplets of Latin long and 
 short verses. This was in imitation of Boethius." Warton s Hist, 
 of Eng. Poetry. 
 
 The reader must carefully peruse Warton's elaborate 
 criticism on Gower's productions. For the biographical 
 detail of the little that is known, and that which is sur 
 mised, respecting the author, he must refer to Dr. Camp 
 bell's Life of Gower, in the Biog. Brit., from which we 
 shall quote some ancient opinions respecting Gower's 
 merits as a poet Even in the lighter strains of his muse 
 he sought to be the instructor of the dark age in which 
 his lot was cast. He is well entitled to the honourable 
 appellation, conferred upon him by the most illustrious 
 English poet of the times, of Moral Gower : 
 " moral Gower ! this boke I directe 
 To the, and to the pbilosophicall strode, 
 To vouchsafe there nede is for to correcte 
 Of your benignities and zelis gode." 
 
 Conclusion of Troilus and Cresside. 
 
 It is not perhaps altogether irrelevant to show that 
 Gower was not insensible to the merits of his fellow-poet 
 and literary disciple. In the Confessio Amantis he makes 
 Venus pay the following tribute to Chaucer : 
 
 " And grete wel Chaucer, when ye mete, 
 As my disciple and my poete : 
 For in the flowers of his youth 
 In sundry wise, as he well couthe, 
 Of ditees and of songes glade 
 The which he for my sake made," &c. 
 
 Gower subsequently omitted these verses, and it is sup 
 posed that the friendship which subsisted between these 
 eminent scholars and poets suffered some interruption in 
 the latter part of their lives ; but this presumption is not 
 beyond doubt, nor is it a theme upon which we care to 
 linger. 
 
 Berthelette, in dedicating Gower's Confessio Amantis to 
 K. Henry VIII., is enthusiastic in its commendation : 
 
 "And who so ever in redynge of this worke doth consider it well, 
 shall fynde that it is plentifully stuffed and fournished with mani- 
 
 GRA 
 
 guage less rude and exciting a taste for verse ; if he never rises, 
 he never sinks low; he is always sensible, polished, perspicuous, 
 and not prosaic in the worst sense of the word." Lit. Hist of 
 Europe. 
 
 We have referred to Warton's account of Gower's works 
 in manuscript. In the History of English Poetry will be 
 found copious extracts from the Cinquante Balades, or 
 Fifty French Sonnets, which compose the " most curious 
 and valuable part of Lord Gower's manuscript." In 1818, 
 4to, the entire contents of the MS., with the exception of 
 the poem "De Pacis Commendatione," was printed by 
 Lord Gower, subsequently Duke of Sutherland, for the 
 Members of the Roxburghe Club. Sir M. M. Sykes, 1628, 
 5 5s. Boswell, 3045, 5 5s. Dent, Pt. 2, 1206, 4 10s. 
 Of the Confessio Amantis, the Confessyon of the Louer, 
 the first ed. was printed by Caxton in 1493, (misprinted 
 1483,) fol. : 
 
 "The Roxburghe copy of this book produced the enormous sum 
 of 336Z., purchased by the Duke of Devonshire. The Merly copy 
 was purchased for 315Z. by the Duke of Marl borough ; and, at the 
 sale of the Duke's books, brought the sum of 205J. 16s. The pur 
 chaser was Mr. George Watson Taylor : at the sale of whose library 
 again in 1823, it was found to be imperfect, and sold for bll. 15s. 1 ' 
 Dibdin's Lib. Cornp. 
 
 In Dibdin's Typ. Antiq. of~G. Brit., i. 177-185, will be 
 found a full account of the Caxtonian ed. of the Confessio 
 Amantis. 
 
 Thomas Berthelette printed a second ed. in 1532, fol., 
 and a third in 1554, fol. These have sold at prices rang 
 ing from 2 to 8 18s. 6d. each, according to condition, 
 state of the bibliomania, <fcc. In addition to the author 
 ities already cited, the reader must consult Todd's Illustra 
 tions of Gower and Chaucer, which has been noticed in 
 our life of Chaucer ; Ellis's Specimens of Early Eng. Poet.; 
 Chalmers's British Poets ; Brydges's ed. of Phillips's Theat. 
 Poet. See an interesting anecdote respecting the Confessio 
 Amantis, K. Charles I., and the Marquess of Worcester, in 
 Mrs. Thomson's Recollections of Literary Characters and 
 Celebrated Places, ii. 299-301. We may be excused for 
 devoting so much space to an author who is almost un 
 known to the modern reader, when we have the high 
 
 folde eloquent -reasons, sharpe and quicke argumentes, and ex- authority of Dr. Warton to justify us in the assertion that 
 am pies of great aucthoritie, perswadynge unto vertue, not only 
 taken out of the poets, oratours, historie-writers, and philosophers, 
 but also out of the holy scripture. There is to my dome no man 
 but that he maie by readinge of this worke get righte great know 
 ledge, as well for the understandynge of many and divers auctours, 
 whose reasons, sayenges, and histories, are translated in to this 
 worke, as for the pleintie of English words and vulgars, beside the 
 furtherance of the life to vertue." 
 
 Putltenham, treating of the parents of English poetry, 
 remarks : 
 
 "I will not reach above the time of King Edward the third and 
 Richard the second, for any that wrote in English metre; because, 
 before their times, by reason of the late Norman Conquest, which 
 had brought into this realm much alteration both of our language 
 and lawes, and therewithall a certain martial barbarousnes, where 
 by the study of all good learning was so much decayed, as long 
 after no man, or very few, intended to write on any laudable sci- 
 
 if Chaucer 
 
 "had not existed, the compositions of Gower would have been 
 sufficient to rescue the reigns of Edward the Third and Richard 
 the Second from the imputation of barbarism." 
 
 Gower, John. Serm., 1772, 4to. 
 
 Gower, Nathaniel. Serm., 1709, 4to. 
 
 Gower, Richard. Children's Diseases,Lon.,1682,8vo. 
 
 Gower, Richard Hall. 1. Seamanship, Lon., 1793, 
 '96, 1808, 8vo. 2. Supp. to do., 1807, '10, 8vo. 3. Con 
 voys, 1811, 8vo. 4. Naval Architecture, 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Gower, Stanley. Serm., Lon., 1644, 4to. 
 
 Grace, Henry. His History of his Life and Suffer 
 ings, Reading, Eng., 1764, 8vo, pp. 56. 
 
 "The author's recital of the various hardships he underwent 
 affords that painful entertainment we usually find in historical 
 
 ence; so as beyond that time there is little or nothing worth com- details of distress, especially when they have any thing of adven- 
 mendation to be founde written in this arte. And those of the ' *"" ; " fVl " OQ ic * 1 " 1 """- 4 " 1 * K " "* ..*i~,o *,* oflr~ 
 first age were Chaucer and Gower, both of them, as I suppose, 
 Knightes. After whom followed John Lidgate, the Monke of 
 Bury, and that nameless, who wrote the Satyre called Piers Plow 
 man." Art of English Poesie. 
 
 " In the Italian language the first that made it to aspire to be a 
 Treasure-House of Science were the poets Dante, Boccace, and Pe 
 trarch. So in our English were Gower and Chaucer, after whom, 
 encouraged and delighted with their excellent foregoing, others 
 have followed to beautifie our mother tongue, as well in the same 
 kind as other arts." Sir Philip Sidney's Offence of Poesie. 
 
 "Gower being very gra.-ious with King Henrie the fourth, in his 
 time carried the name of the only poet ; but his verses, to say 
 truth, were poor and plaine, yet full of good and grave moralitie, 
 but while he affected altogether the French phrase and words, 
 made himself too obscure to his reader, beside his invention 
 
 cometh far short of the promise of his titles." PEACHAM : The 
 Compltat Gentleman. 
 
 But Dr. Warton defends Gower and others, who share in 
 the censure, against those critics who blame these writers 
 for not adhering more closely to their own tongue : 
 
 " I close this section with an apology for Chaucer. Gower, and 
 Occleve, who are supposed, by the severer etymologists, to have 
 corrupted the purity of the English language by affecting to intro 
 duce so many foreign words and phrases. But if we attend only 
 to the politics of the times, we shall find these poets, as also some 
 of their successors, much less blameable in this respect than the 
 critics imagine." 
 
 Read this satisfactory vindication Hist, of Eng. Poet, 
 Section xx., and see Section xix. for an account of Gower's 
 works still in MS. 
 
 Mr. Hallam's opinion of Gower's merits as a poet seems 
 to coincide very nearly with that of Peacham : 
 
 "A vast interval must be made between Chaucer and any other 
 English poet; yet Gower, his contemporary, though not, like him, 
 a poet of nature's growth, had some effect in rendering the lan- 
 714 
 
 ture in them, as is the case with the present artless but affecting 
 narrative." Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 Grace, Job. Serm., 2 Cor. xix. 6, 1710, 4to. 
 
 Grace, Sheffield. 1. A Survey of Tullaroan, or 
 Grace's Parish, Dubl., 1819, 8vo. 2. Memoirs of tho 
 Family of Grace, Lon., 1823, 8vo. Both privately printed. 
 For an account of these records of the Grace Family, and 
 a notice of the Grace Mausoleum, Dubl., 1819, 8vo, sea 
 Martin's Bibl. Cat. of Books Privately Printed. 
 
 Gracin, M. Horticult. con. to Phil. Trans., 1730. 
 
 Grady, S. G. 1. Regis, of Voters Act, &c., Lon.,. 
 1843, 12mo. 2. Law of Fixtures, 1845, 12mo. 3. In con 
 junction with C. H. Scotland, Law and Practice, Crown 
 side, Ct. of Q. B., 1844, 12mo. 
 
 (i firm, C. Montis, R. Pietas in Patrem e vita de- 
 cedentem, Edin., 1609, 4to. 
 
 Graeme, John, 1748-1772, a native of Carnwarth, 
 Lanarkshire, Scotland, composed a number of poems 
 which were collected and pub. at Edin. in 1773, 8vo. 
 
 "There are few of them entitled to superior praise, and certainly 
 none that can justify the length to which the detail of his lite and 
 opinions has been extended." See Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ; Ander 
 son's Poets ; Park's Poets ; Brit. Crit., vol. vii. 
 
 Graeme, Wm., M.D. 1. Knovvl. in Physic, Lon., 
 1729, 8vo. 2. Historia Morbi Tho. Herdman, 1730, 8vo. 
 In English, by Isaac Massay, 1730, 8vo. 
 
 Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of, 
 1736-1811, reprinted an ed. of Griesbach's Greek Test, at 
 his own expense. 1. Hints to the Clergy, Nobility, and 
 Gentry. 2. Apeleutherus. This treats of theolog. subjects. 
 
 Grafton, H. D., Capt. U. States Artillery. Treatise 
 on the Cainp and March, &c., Bost., 1854, 12ino. 
 
GRA 
 
 GRA 
 
 Grafton, Mary. 1. Spiritual Gleanings, Lon., 1808, 
 8vo. 2. Pleasures of Religion, 1814, 8vo. 
 
 Grafton, Richard, an English printer to Edward 
 VL, of the 16th century, is best known to posterity by 
 the Chronicles which bear his name. In the time of 
 Henry VIII. he was imprisoned six weeks in the Fleet 
 for printing Matthew's Bible and the Great Bible without 
 notes ; and he was subsequently deprived of his patent for 
 printing the proclamation of Lady Jane Grey, Queene of 
 England, Ac., 1563, fol. He pub. in 1562, 16mo, An 
 Abridgment of the Chronicles of England, 
 
 "Reprinted the two succeeding years, and in 1572. And as 
 Stowe had published his Summarie of the Englyshe Chronicles in 
 1565, Grafton sent out as a rival, an abridgement of his abridge 
 ment, which he entitled ' A Manuell of the Chronicles of Eng 
 land' ; and Stowe, not to be behind with him, published in the 
 same year his ' Summarie of Chronicles Abridged.' This rivalship 
 was accompanied by harsh reflections on each other in their re 
 spective prefaces. In 1509 Grafton published his ' Chronicle at 
 large, and meere History of the Affayres of Englande,' [' and 
 Kinges of the same,' 2 vols. folio,] some part of which seems to 
 have been unjustly censured by Buchanan." 
 
 See Ames and Herbert's Typ. Antiq. of G. Brit., and 
 Dibdin's edit, thereof, for an account of Grafton's publica 
 tions. Grafton's Chronicle was repub., Lon., 1809, 2 vols. 
 4to, with his Table of Bailiffs, Sheriffs, and Mayors of 
 London, 1189-1558, corrections, and copious index. Yet 
 the edit, of 1569, 2 vols. fol., sometimes bound in one vol., 
 is not to be had when perfect, save at a high price. The 
 collector must observe that the copy which he buys has 
 the original wood-engraved frontispiece, containing por 
 traits of the Kings of England, also a portrait of Q. Eliza 
 beth, and the table or index to the second vol., consisting 
 of five leaves, on the last page of which is Grafton's 
 woodcut device a Tun. Such a copy, well bound, will 
 hardly be sold at less than 10 to 12. As an authority, 
 Grafton does not occupy the first rank. Bishop Nicolson 
 speaks with but little respect of Hall's Chronicles, and 
 with still less of our author's : 
 
 " A great borrower from this Hall was Richard Grafton, who. as 
 Buchanan rightly observes, was a very heedless and unskilful 
 writer ; and yet he has the honour done him to be sometimes 
 quoted by Stowe and others." Eng. Hist. Lib., ed. 1777, p. 58. 
 
 But it is not to be forgotten on Grafton's behalf that 
 he assures us that he himself wrote the completion of 
 Hall's continuation of his Chronicle; and if Bishop 
 Nicolson alludes to the continuation, he seems to do Graf- 
 ton injustice. In 1543, 4to, Grafton pub. Harding's 
 Chronicle, with a continuation of his own, in prose, to the 
 thirty-fourth year of Henry VIII. 
 
 Graglia, C. 1. Italian Exercises, Lon., 12mo. 2. 
 Grammar, 12mo. 3. Letters, 12mo. 4. Ital. and Eng. 
 Dictionary, new ed., 1851, 18mo. 
 
 Graglia, G. A. 1. Dictionary of Ital. and Eng., Lon., 
 1786, sm. 4to; 1795, 12nio ; 1815, 12mo. 2. Guide to 
 Italian, 1803, 12mo. 
 
 Graham. See GRAEME. 
 
 Graham. Wallace; a Tragedy, Edin., 1799, 8vo. 
 Only six copies printed. 
 
 Graham, Dr. Con. to Med. Com., 1787. 
 
 Graham, Catherine. See MACAULAY. 
 
 Graham, David, Jr., of the New York Bar. 1. 
 Cts. of Law and Equity in N. York, N. York, 1839, 8vo. 
 2. New Trials, 1834, 8vo. New ed., greatly enlarged, by 
 D. Graham, Jr., and Thos. W. Waterman, 1856, 3 vols. 
 8vo. 3. Prac. of the Supreme Ct. of N. York, 2d ed., 1836, 
 8vo ; 3d. ed., vol. L, 1847, 8vo. Vol. ii. in preparation. 
 
 Graham, Dougal. Hist, of the Rebellion in Brit, 
 in 1745-46 j 5th ed., Glasg., 1787, 12mo ; 9th ed., Fal- 
 kirk, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Graham, George, 1675-1751, an astronomical in 
 strument maker, a native of Cumberland, contributed 
 astronom. and other papers to Phil. Trans., 1721-48. 
 
 Graham, George. Telemachus: a Mask, Lon., 
 1762, 4to. 
 
 Graham, George Farquhar. 1. Essay on Musical 
 Composition, Edin., 1838, 4to. 2. Art of English Composi 
 tion, 1840, 12mo ; 4th ed., 1858. 3. First Steps to Latin 
 Writing; 2d ed., 1844, 12mo. 4. Chart of English Sove 
 reigns, 1843, 8vo. 5. Helps to English Grammar, 1843, 
 12mo. 6. English Synonymes, 1846, 12mo ; edited by 
 Henry Reed, LL.D., N. York, 1847, 12mo; 3d Lon. ed., 
 1858. 7. English Spelling-Book, 1847, 12mo. 8. Studies 
 from the English Poets, 1852, 12mo ; 2d ed., 1858. 9. 
 Songs of Scotland, 1856, r. 8vo. 10. English Style, 1857, 
 12mo. Also articles Music, Organ, <fcc. in Encyc. Brit., 
 8th ed., 1853-60. 
 
 Graham, Isabella, 1742-1814, a native of Lanark, 
 Scotland, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Marshall, in 
 
 1789 selected New York as a permanent residence, and 
 lived in that city until her death. She was devoted to 
 good works ; and several useful institutions of the city are 
 her best monuments. Her grandson, the Rev. George W. 
 Bethune, D.D.^ of Brooklyn, New York, inherits both her 
 literary talents and moral virtues. Dr. Mason pub. Me 
 moirs of Mrs. Graham ; and of her Life and Writings, 
 (first pub. 1816, 8vo) more than 50,000 copies have been 
 sold in America, and many in England and Scotland. 
 New ed., Lon., 1838, 8vo. Letters and Correspondence, 
 selected by her daughter, Mrs. Bethune, N. York, 1838, 
 8vo. Edited by the Rev. J. Marshall, Lon., 1839, 8vo. 
 Memoir of, N. York, 12mo : also by the Amer. Tract Soc. 
 
 Graham, James, Marquis of Montrose, 1612-1650, 
 one of the most illustrious characters of modern history, 
 murdered in the most brutal manner by his political ene 
 mies, was the author of a number of poems, <fec. See 
 Watson's Collection ; Pinkerton's Scottish Ballads ; Rit- 
 son's Scottish Songs. It is rather doubtful what pieces 
 may be certainly ascribed to him ; but 
 
 " To the Verses on Charles the First he has an unquestionable 
 right; and they are conceived with the vigour and dignity of a 
 soldier." Headless Select Beauties of Anc. Eng. Poet. 
 
 " He was not without vanity, but his virtues were much 
 superior, and he well deserved to have his memory preserved and 
 celebrated among the most illustrious persons of the age in which 
 he lived." LORD CLARENDON. 
 
 See Lloyd's Memoirs ; De Rebus praeclare ab eo gestis, 
 1647, 8vo ; Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors, and 
 authorities there cited. 
 
 Graham, James. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1755. 
 
 Graham, James, M.D. Med. works, 1779-90. 
 
 Graham, James. Population, 1816, 8vo. 
 
 Graham, James, of New Orleans, has now (1856) 
 in preparation, promised in the present year, The Life of 
 Col. Daniel Morgan, of the Continental Army, from his 
 unpub. letters and papers. Mr. G. is a grandson of Col. 
 Morgan. No life of the hero of Cowpens has yet ap 
 peared, and the only biographical sketch which has been 
 published is not thought by Mr. Graham to do justice to 
 its subject. 
 
 Graham, Rt. Hon. Sir James Robert George, 
 b. June, 1792, has occupied many important positions 
 under the British Government. Coin and Currency : an 
 Address to the Land-owners, Lon., 1827, 8vo. 
 
 " An exceedingly well-written, able pamphlet." McCuUoch't 
 Lit. of Polit. Econ., q. v. 
 
 Graham, John, 1694-1773, minister in Woodbury, 
 Connect. 1. Ballad against the Ch. of Eng. in Connec., 
 1732. 2. Tract on the same subject. 3. Rejoinder to 
 Johnson's Answer. See Chandler's Life of Sainl. John 
 son, D.D. 
 
 Graham, John. Serins., Ac., 1800, '06, '10. 
 
 Graham, John. Serms., 1835, '38. 
 
 Graham, Rev. John. 1. Hist, of Ireland, 1689-91, 
 Lon., 1839, 12mo. 2. Siege of Londonderry; new ed., 
 1841, 12mo. 
 
 Graham, John A., LL.D. Sketch of Vermont, Lon., 
 1797, 8vo. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova. 
 
 Graham, John Lorimer, born in Vermont, pub. 
 Letters from Vermont, Junius Identified, &c. 
 
 Graham, Maria. See CALLCOTT,LADY MARIA ; Lon. 
 Gent. Mag., Jan. 1843, 98-99. 
 
 Graham, Mary Jane, 1803-1830, a native of Lon 
 don, removed a few years before her death to Stoke- 
 Flcming, where she died. She trans, the Vicar of Wake- 
 field into French, Latin, and Spanish, and commenced an 
 Italian version. None of these translations were pub. 
 She was also acquainted with Greek, and skilled in ma 
 thematics ; upon this science she left an original MS. 
 Some of her addresses and questions written for the chil 
 dren of her parish, and other remains, have been pub. She 
 is best known by The Test of Truth, the 7th ed. of which 
 appeared in 1852, sq. 
 
 An interesting Memoir of Miss Graham was pub. by 
 the Rev. Charles Bridges, Vicar of Old Newton, Suffolk, 
 1st ed., 1832 ; 2d ed., 1833. New ed., 1853, fp. 8vo. 
 
 "The writer is glad to find that the large extent of quotation 
 [from the Test of Truth] with which he has indulged himself has 
 in some means been effectual to introduce Miss Graham's work 
 from the comparative obscurity of an anonymous publication into 
 that more general acceptance which in his own. and, he presumes 
 he may add, in his reader's, judgment it well deserves." REV. 
 CHARLES BRIDGES : Memoir of M. J. Graham. 
 
 Graham, Patrick, D.D. 1. Scenery of Perthshire, 
 Edin., 1806, '10, '12, 12mo. 2. Authenticity of Ossian, 
 1807, 8vo; Lon., 1810, 8vo. 
 
 Graham, Rich. Latitude; Phil. Trans., 1734. 
 
 Graham, Robert. Lett, to Wm. Pitt, Lon., 1788, 8vo. 
 
GRA 
 
 GRA 
 
 Graham, Robert, M.D. 1. Fever, Glasg, 1818, 8vo. 
 J. Obstructed Aorta ; Medico-Chirurg. Trans., 1814. 
 
 Graham, Robert Hay, M.D. Water Cure as prac- 
 iised at Graefenberg, Lon., 1844, 8vo. 
 
 "During the two months Dr. Graham passed at or near Graefen 
 berg, he had ample opportunities of investigating the nature of the 
 treatment pursued by Preissnitz, the class of persons who consti 
 tute his patients, and the results which are obtained ; and of these 
 opportunities he availed himself to the utmost. His book is cer 
 tainly the most scientific and most impartial, and yet the most 
 merciless, expost, of the Graefenberg fraud, that we have met with ; 
 the most complete history that has appeared, not only of hydro 
 pathy as practised by the followers of Preissnitz, but as practised 
 by Floyer, Baynard, Currie, &c."Lon. Lancet. 
 
 Graham, Thomas, D.C.L., b. 1805, at Glasgow; 
 Master of the Mint; Prof, of Chemistry in University Coll., 
 London. 1. Elements of Botany, Lon., 1842, 12mo. 2. 
 For Schools, 1848, p. 8vo. 3. Elements of Chemistry, 
 1848, 8vo. Amer. ed., with Notes and Addits. by Robert 
 Bridges, M.D., Phila., 1852, 8vo; new ed., Pt. 1, Lon., 1856; 
 Pt 2, 1858, 8vo, forming 2 vols. A work of great value. 
 
 Graham, Thomas J. 1. The Cold- Water System; 
 an Essay exhibiting the merits and most safe and effectual 
 employment of this excellent System in Debility, Indi 
 gestion, <fcc., 2d ed., Lon., 1843, 8vo. 2. Modern Domestic 
 Medicine, llth ed., 1853, 8vo. 
 
 " We shall preserve it as the advice of an invaluable friend, to 
 which we can refer in the hour of need, without any doubt of be 
 ing benefited by its wisdom." Lon. Literary Chronicle. 
 
 Other medical, <fcc. works. 
 
 Graham, Rev. W. The Jordan and the Rhine; or, 
 the East and the West, Lon., 1854, 8vo. 
 
 " Particularly rich in notes of modern Eastern habits, customs, 
 and peculiarities, as illustrative of Scripture; and in regard to 
 these communicating a mass of information often of a singularly 
 curious and suggestive kind." Lon. Advertiser. 
 
 Graham, Walter, M.D. Water in Cystisis adhering 
 to the Peritonaeum; Phil. Trans., 1741. 
 
 Graham, Wm. Serms., Ac., 1759, 71, '72, Lon., all 8vo. 
 
 Graham, Wm., Rector of Stapleton. The Eclogues 
 of Virgil, trans, into English Verse, Lon., 1786, 8vo. 
 
 Graham, Rev. Wm., of Newcastle. 1. Review of 
 Eccles. Establish, in Europe, Glasg., 1792; Lon., 1812, 
 8vo. 2. Missionary Societies, 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Grahame, James, 1765-1811, a native of Glasgow, 
 and educated at the University of that city, after devoting 
 come years to legal pursuits, took holy orders, and became 
 successively Curate of Shipton, in Gloucestershire, and of 
 Sedgefield, in the county of Durham. He wrote a number 
 of poems, the principal of which are in blank verse. 1. 
 Mary Stewart, Queen of Scots, Edin., 1801, 8vo. 
 
 " His drama of Mary Stuart wants that passionate and happy 
 vigour which the stage requires." Allan Cunningham's Biog. and 
 Grit. Hist, of the Lit. of the last Fifty Years. 
 
 " A subject naturally attractive to a young Scottish poet. But 
 his genius was utterly undramatic, and although it possesses some 
 fine passages it failed in commanding attention." D. M. MOIR : 
 Sketches of the Poet. Lit. of Vie Past Half-Century. 
 
 2. The Sabbath; a Poem. Anon., 1804, 8vo; 2d ed., with 
 Sabbath Walks, 1805, 12mo. 3 eds. same year. 
 
 "The greater part of it is written in a heavy and inelegant man 
 ner. ... It contains a good deal of doctrine and argumentation, 
 indeed, both in the text and in the notes; but nothing that is not 
 either very trite or very shallow and extravagant. . . . The whole 
 publication, indeed, though not entitled to stand in the first rank 
 of poetical excellence, is respectably executed, and may be consi 
 dered as very creditable, either to a beginner, or to one who does 
 not look upon poetry as his primary vocation." LORD JEFFREY : 
 Edin. Rev., v. 437-442. 
 
 " While the criticasters of his own country were pronouncing 
 sentence of condemnation upon it, for its pious dulness and in 
 anity, the Sabbath had found its way from one end of Great Britain 
 to the other." ROBERT SOUTHEY : Lon. Quar. Rev., iii. 456-461. 
 
 "The poem of the Sabbath will long endear the name of James 
 Grahame to all who love the due observance of Sunday and are 
 acquainted with the devout thoughts and poetic feeling which it 
 inspires." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM : ubi supra. 
 
 3. Biblical Pictures. Lord Byron styles this and the 
 preceding work "two volumes of cant, by sepulchral Gra 
 hame." The world would not have been the loser if his 
 lordship had favoured us with some of the same kind of 
 "cant" in lieu of his Don Juan and productions of a 
 similar character. 
 
 4. Birds of Scotland, and other Poems, 1806, cr. 8vo and 
 12mo. 
 
 "Grahame's Birds of Scotland is a delightful poem; yet its best 
 passages are not superior to some of Clare's about the same charm 
 ing creatures and they are both ornithologists after Audubon's 
 and our own heart." PROF. JOHN WILSON : Recreations of Christo 
 pher North : An Hour's Talk about Poetry. 
 
 "The Birds of Scotland is a fine series of pictures, giving the 
 form, the plumage, the haunts and habits of each individual bird 
 with a graphic fidelity rivalling the labours of Wilson." ALLAN 
 CUNNINGHAM : ul>i supra. 
 
 " The work by which Mr. Grahame is already known to the pub 
 lic [The SabbathJ is distinguished by the abundance of faithful 
 
 delineation of natural objects, and the interest thrown over them 
 by the strong expression of characteristic sentiments ; and the same 
 truth and force of description, with the same interest arising from 
 the development of the writer's mind, will be found in the Birds 
 of Scotland." ion. Month. Rev. 
 
 "We need not add that the perusal of this volume has afforded 
 us a very uncommon degree of pleasure. The sensibility, without 
 any affectation, which the author on all occasions displays, cannot 
 fail to interest every reader: he plainly feels every charm of na 
 ture he describes." Lon. Literary Journal. 
 
 5. Poems, Lon., 1807, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " His Sabbath Walks, Biblical Pictures, and Rural Calendar, are 
 all alike remarkable for accuracy of description, and an original 
 turn of thought." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM : ubi supra. 
 
 6. British Georgics, 1809, 4to. 
 
 "In The British Georgics, the last and most ambitious of Gra 
 hame's productions, we have disappointment, less from the tailing 
 off in power than from the unhappy selection of subject. . . . At 
 all events, we know that the British agriculturist neglects James 
 Grahame's Georgics for Henry Stephens's Book of the Farm." 
 D. M. MOIR : Poet. Lit. of the Past Half-Century- 
 
 "No practical farmer, he may depend upon it, will ever submit 
 to be schooled in blank verse, however near it may approach to 
 prose, or will ever condescend to look into the British Georgics for 
 instruction; while the lovers of poetry must be very generally dis 
 gusted by the tediousness of those discourses on practical hus 
 bandry, which break in every now and then, so ungracefully, on 
 the Idftier strains of the poet. They who do read on, however, will 
 be rewarded, we think, by many very pleasing and beautiful pas 
 sages; and even those whose natures are too ungentle to admire 
 this kind of poetry must love the character from which it pro 
 ceeds, and which it has so strong a tendency to form." LORD 
 JEFFREY : Edin. Rev., xvi. 213-223. 
 
 "It does not exhibit any particular system of husbandry; it 
 amuses rather than instructs, and recommends the study of the 
 science rather than teaching of it. The work embraces a mixed 
 description, and is lavish on rural modes and manners; the poetry 
 is both lame and tame, and never rises beyond a feebleness of con 
 ception, and a descriptive halt. The portion of practical knowledge 
 is very minute, with incidental notices of new introductions." 
 Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 " If the poet has failed in his present attempt, the fault lies 
 chiefly in the subject. There are the same marks of a pious mind, 
 of amiable feelings, and of accurate observation of njitural objects, 
 as in his former works; but unhappily he has bound himself not 
 merely to describe the operations of agriculture throughout the 
 year, from January to December, but to give directions for them; 
 for drying manure and lime, preparing compost, spreading manure, 
 ploughing, paring, and burning, &c. What can be done with such 
 subjects?" Lon. Quar. Rev., iii. 456-461. 
 
 7. Poems on the Abolition of the Slave Trade, with en 
 gravings from pictures by Smirke, 1810, 4to. 
 
 Few poets have been more highly commended by emi 
 nent authorities than the author of the Sabbath : 
 
 "The genius of Grahame ... is characterized by that cheerful 
 ness which seeks and sees beauty in all the aspects of creation, 
 and finds delight in whatever is high, ' holy, pure, and of good 
 report.' This must be felt by every one capable of dissociating 
 fanaticism from true religion and of believing that Christianity 
 and gloom, instead of being synonymous terms, are utterly irre 
 concilable and separated." D. M. MOIR : ubi supra. 
 
 " There is a quiet natural ease about all his descriptions ; a light 
 and shade both of landscape and character in all his pictures, and 
 a truth and beauty which prove that he copied from his own emo 
 tions, and painted with the aid of his own eyes, without looking, 
 as Dryden said, through the spectacles of books." ALLAN CUN- 
 NINOHAM: ubi supra. 
 
 " His taste was singular, and his manner correspondent. The 
 general tenour of his style is homely, and frequently so prosaic 
 that its peculiar graces appear in their full lustre from the con 
 trast of meanness that surrounds them. His readers may be few ; 
 but whoever does read him will probably be oftener surprised into 
 admiration than in the perusal of any one of his contemporaries. 
 The most lively, the most lovely sketches of natural scenery, of 
 | minute imagery, and of exquisite incident, unexpectedly developed, 
 occur in his compositions, with ever-varying yet ever-assimilating 
 features." JAMES MONTGOMERY: Lects. on Genl. Lit., Poet., <c. 
 "Such glory, Grahame! thine : Thou didst despise 
 
 To win the ear of this degenerate age 
 
 By gorgeous epithets, all idly heap'd 
 
 On theme of earthly state, or, idler still, 
 
 By tinkling measures and unchasten'd lays, 
 
 Warbled to pleasure and her siren-train, 
 
 Profaning the best name of poesy. 
 
 With loftier aspirations, and an aim 
 
 More worthy man's immortal nature. Thou 
 
 That holiest spirit that still loves to dwell 
 
 In the upright heart and pure, at noon o, night 
 
 Didst fervently invoke, and, led by her 
 
 Above the Aonian mount, send from the lUrs 
 
 Of heaven such soul-subduing melody 
 
 As Bethlehem shepherds heard when Christ was born." 
 
 JOHN WILSOW. 
 
 Grahame, James. A Defence of the Usury Laws 
 against the Arguments of Mr. Bentham and the Edinburgh 
 Reviewers, Edin., 1817, 8vo. 
 
 Grahame, James, pub. An Inquiry into the Prin 
 ciples of Population, Edin., 1816, 8vo; Who is to Blame? 
 or, Cursory Review of the American Apology for Ame 
 rican Accession to Negro Slavery, Lon., 1842, 8vo; and 
 some Poems on the Abolition of Slavery; but is best 
 known by The History of the Rise and Progress of the 
 
GRA 
 
 United States of North America till the British Revo 
 lution in 1688, Lon., 1827, 2 vols. 8vo. New ed, with a 
 Continuation, bringing the history down to the year 1776, 
 1836, 4 vols. 8vo. Repub. in Phila., 1845, 4 vols. 8vo; 
 1846, 2 vols. 8vo ; 1848, 2 vols. 8vo. The 2d Amer. ed. 
 contains a Memoir by President Quincy, to which we 
 refer the reader. See also The Memory of the late 
 James Grahame, the Historian of the United States, Vin 
 dicated from the Charges of Mr. Bancroft, by Josiah 
 Quincy, Bost., 1846, 8vo. 
 
 " There can be no doubt that his researches after materials for 
 his purpose have been extensive, and that his use of authorities 
 has been laborious and careful. And his style, though sus 
 ceptible of improvement, is in general clear, simple, and there 
 fore agreeable. Its chief deficiency is in force : but it requires only 
 a little more cultivation and revision to ensure for it the praise 
 of perfect correctness and even elegance. The few marks of bad 
 taste and defective judgment which Mr. Grahame has betrayed 
 call rather for friendly admonition than severe censure." Lon. 
 Month. Rev., cxii. 407-419, 1827. 
 
 "A valuable acquisition to the History of the World. In these 
 volumes Mr. Grahame has philosophically investigated the origin 
 and progress of one of the most extraordinary revolutions that 
 have ever occupied the attention of mankind." Lon. Literary 
 Gazette. 
 
 "With an apparent desire to be above prejudice, with industry 
 equal to a thorough investigation of facts, and with a spirit able 
 to appreciate the value of his subject, Mr. Grahame has published 
 what we conceive to be the best book that has anywhere appeared 
 upon the early history of the United States. He has corrected, 
 with a proper boldness, the mistakes, whether of ignorance or ma 
 lignity, which his predecessors in the same labors had committed." 
 C. F. ADAMS: N. Amer. Rev., xxxii. 174-195, 1831. 
 
 " The most thorough work, and incomparably the best on the 
 subject previous to the appearance of Mr. Bancroft's, is the well- 
 known history by Mr. Grahame, a truly valuable book, in which 
 the author, though a foreigner, has shown himself capable of 
 appreciating the motives and comprehending the institutions of 
 our Puritan ancestors. He has spared no pains in the investiga 
 tion of such original sources as were at his command; and has 
 conducted his inquiries with much candor, manifesting through 
 out the spirit of a scholar and a gentleman." WM. H. PRESCOTT : N. 
 Amer. Rev., lii. 83-84, 1841. See also Ferdinand and Isabella, llth 
 ed., vol. ii. 497, n. 
 
 " It is written with great gravity and dignity, moderation and 
 justice." CHANCELLOR KENT. 
 
 Yet this excellent work was suffered to lie on the book 
 sellers' shelves in London : the reasons for which are satis 
 factorily stated by Mr. Adams and Mr. Prescott. We 
 must not omit to call the attention of the reader to Mr. 
 Grahsvme's amusing lamentations over the humour of the 
 illustrious Chronicler of Knickerbocker: 
 
 "If this writer had confined his ridicule to the wars, or rather 
 bloodless buffetinjrs and squabbles, of the Dutch and the Swedes, 
 his readers would have derived more unreproved enjoyment from 
 his performance. Probably my discernment of the unsuitableness 
 of Mr. Irving's mirth is quickened by a sense of personal wrong, 
 as I cannot help feeling that he has by anticipation ridiculed my 
 topic and parodied my narrative. If Sancho Panza had been a 
 real governor, misrepresented by the wit of Cervantes, his future 
 historian would have found it no easy matter to bespeak a grave 
 attention to the annals of his administration." 
 
 Grahame, Simeon. 1. The Passionate Sparke of a 
 Relenting Minde, Lon., 1604, 4to. This is a collection of 
 poems. Lloyd, 527, 9 12s. 2. The Anatomic of Humours, 
 Edin., 1609, 4to. Gordonstoun, 1058, 4 14s. 6rf. Reed, 
 2170, 2 7s. Bindley, pt. 2, 1448, 7 17s. 6rf. This con 
 sists of prose intermixed with verse. It is thought that 
 it suggested to Burton the first idea of his Anatomie of 
 Melancholic. 
 
 Graile, Edmund. Little Timothy's Lesson; or, The 
 Hist, of the Bible in metre, Lon., 1611, 8vo. 
 
 Graile, John. 1. Doctrine of Conditions in the Cove 
 nant of Grace against W. Eyre. With Preface by Count 
 Jessop in vindic. of Dr. Twisse, Lon., 1665, 4to. 2. Sacra 
 Privata, 2 pts., 1699, 8vo. 
 
 Graile, John, of Blickling. Serms., 1685, 1720. 
 Grainger, Edward. Med. and Surg. Remarks, &c., 
 Lon., 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Grainger, James, M.D., 1723F-1767, a native of 
 Dunse, served for some time as a surgeon in the army in 
 Scotland and Germany; afterwards practised as a phy 
 sician, first in London, and subsequently at St. Christo 
 pher's, in the West Indies. He died in the latter place 
 in 1767. 1. Historia Febris Anomalae Batavse, annorum 
 1746-47-48, Ac., Edin., 1753, 8vo. 2. Poet. Trans, of the 
 Elegies of Tibullus and of the Poems of Sulpicia, Lon., 
 1758, 2 vols. 12mo. Severely criticized by Smollett in the 
 Critical Review. This criticism elicited 3. A Letter to 
 Smollett, 1759, 8vo. 4. The Sugar-Cane ; a Poem in 10 
 Books, with Notes, 1764, 4to. This subject was not the 
 best that could have been selected for poetical treatment, 
 and the language is not always of the most elevated 
 description : 
 
 " In the West Indies this poem might have charms, if readers 
 
 GRA 
 
 could be found ; but what poetical fancy can dwell on the economy 
 of canes and copper-boilers, or find interest in the transactions of 
 planters and sugar-brokers? His invocations to his muse are so 
 frequent and abrupt, that ' the assembled wits at Sir Joshua Rey- 
 nolds's might hare found many passages as ludicrous as that 
 which excited their mirth.'" 
 
 The "ludicrous passage" referred to is quoted in the 
 following anecdote, which we find in Boswell's Life of 
 Johnson : 
 
 " Having talked of Grainger's Sugar-Cane, I mentioned to him 
 Mr. Langton's having told me that this poem, when read in manu 
 script at Sir Joshua Reynolds's, had made all the assembled wits 
 burst into a laugh when, after much blank verse pomp, the poet 
 began a new paragraph thus : 
 
 ' Now, Muse, let's sing of rats' 
 
 And what increased the ridicule was, that one of the company, 
 who slyly overlooked the reader, perceived that the word had been 
 originally mice, and had been altered to rats, as more dignified." 
 
 But this story requires an explanation, for which the 
 reader is referred to Boswell. Miss Reynolds gives rather 
 a different version, and tells us that when Johnson heard 
 the poein read, and the author came to the line 
 " Say, shall I sing of rats ?" 
 
 " No !" cried Dr. Johnson, with great vehemency. 
 
 Boswell remarks : 
 
 " Dr. Johnson said to me, ' Percy, Sir, was angry with me for 
 laughing at the Sugar-Cane : for he had a mind to make a great 
 thing of Grainger's rats.' " 
 
 The objectionable line was altered. Dr. Johnson cer 
 tainly liked the poem, on the whole, and sent a favourable 
 review of it to the London Chronicle of July 5, 1764. We 
 quote some other opinions : 
 
 "The novelty of West Indian scenery inspired him with the 
 unpromising subject of the Sugar-cane, in which he very poetically 
 dignifies the poor negroes with the name of ' swains.' " Campbell's 
 Essay on English Poetry. 
 
 " If Grainger has invoked the muse to sing of rats, and meta 
 morphosed in Arcadian phrase negro slaves into swains, the feult 
 is in the writer, not in the lyric. The arguments which he has 
 prefixed are indeed ludicrously flat and formal." ROBERT SOUTHEY : 
 Lon. Quar. Rev., xi. 489, q. v. 
 
 And see also Johnson and Chalmers's Poets, 1810 ; Chal 
 mers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 The Great Cham of Literature was also greatly delighted 
 with Grainger's Ode on Solitude, which appeared in Dods- 
 ley's Collection: 
 
 "When repeating to me one day Grainger's Ode on Solitude, 
 I shall never forget the concordance of the sound of his voice with 
 the grandeur of these images ; nor, indeed, the Gothic dignity of 
 his aspect, his look and manner, when repeating sublime passages.'' 
 Miss REYNOLDS. 
 
 " He praised Grainger's Ode on Solitude in Dodsley's Collection, 
 and repeated, with great energy, the exordium, . . . observing, 
 ' This, Sir, is very noble.' " BOSWELL. 
 
 " In it (the Ode) are assembled some of the sublimest images in 
 nature." BISHOP PERCY. 
 
 5. West India Diseases, 1764, 8vo. 6. Dysentery; in 
 Ess. Phys. and Lit., 1756. Dr. Grainger was also the 
 author of many contributions to the Monthly Review and 
 the Grand Magazine, and of other productions, for an ac 
 count of which, and for an interesting biography of the 
 author, we must refer the reader to Nichols's Illustrations 
 of Literary History, vol. vii. In this vol. will also be 
 found the correspondence of Grainger with his friend 
 Bishop Percy, who commends him in no measured terms : 
 
 " He was not only a man of genius and learning, but had many 
 excellent virtues, being one of the most generous, friendly, and 
 benevolent men I ever knew." 
 
 Grainger, T. B. See KENNEDY, L. 
 
 Gran an, Edward. Trans, into English verse of 
 Vida's Christiad, Lon., 1772, 8vo. 
 
 Grand, Wm. A Letter to the Vice-Chancellor of the 
 Univ. of Cambridge, 1798. 
 
 Grandi, S Method of preparing pannels for Painters 
 Nic. Jour., 1807. 
 
 Grange, Lady. Epistle to Edward D., Lon., 1798, 4to. 
 
 Grange, John. The Golden Aphroditis : whereunto 
 be annexed his garden, Lon., 1577, 4to. Again, sine anno, 
 4to. Part verse, part prose. 
 
 " Of John Grange I have not met with any biographical intima 
 tion : but as a poetical writer he is placed by Webbe with Whet 
 stone, Munday, Ac., and not without propriety." Censura Lite- 
 raria, ed. 1815, i. 378-386, where see copious extracts ; see also 
 Webbe's Discourse of English Poetrie, 1586; Ritson's Bibl. Poet., 
 
 Granger, Gideon, 1767-1822, a native of Suffield, 
 Connec., a member of the Senate of New York, and 
 Postmaster-General of the U. States 1801-14, pub. some 
 essays, under the signature of Senectus, on the school- 
 fund ; and a number of papers in 1809 (signed Algernon 
 Sidney) and in 1820 (signed Epaminondas) in favour of 
 the administrations respectively of President Jefferson 
 and of Governor Clinton of New York. 
 
 Granger, James, d. 1776, aged about 60, was 
 educated at Christ Church, Oxford, and became Vicar 
 
GRA 
 
 of Shiplake, in Oxfordshire. He pub. two serms., 1772, 
 '73, but is best known by his Biographical Hist, of 
 England, from Egbert the Great to the Revolution, con 
 sisting of Characters dispersed in different Classes, and 
 adapted to a Methodical Catalogue of Engraved British 
 Heads. Intended as an Essay towards reducing our Bio 
 graphy to system, and a help to the knowledge of Por 
 traits ; with a variety of Anecdotes and Memoirs of a great 
 number of persons, not to be found in any other Biogra 
 phical Work. With a Preface, showing the utility of a 
 collection of Engraved Portraits to supply the defect, and 
 answer the various purposes of Medals, Lon., 1769, 2 vols. 
 4to. Supplet., consisting of Corrections, large Additions, 
 Ac., 1774, 4to; 2d ed., with addits. and improvements, 
 1775, 4 vols. 8vo ; 3d ed., 4 vols. 8vo ; 4th ed., 1804, 4 vols. 
 8vo; 5th ed. with upwards of 400 addit. Lives, 1824, 6 vols. 
 8vo. The impressions of Granger's Hist., pub. by Baynes, 
 are in 6 vols. 8vo, 3 3s. ; with Plates, 8 8s. ; 6 vols. r. 
 8vo, 4 10s.; with Plates, 12 12s.; 3 vols. fol., 18; 
 with Plates, India, 31 10s. To Granger's History the 
 collector must add I. Rev. Mark Noble's continuation 
 of Granger's History : from the Revolution to the end 
 of George L's Reign. The Materials being supplied by 
 the Manuscripts left by Mr. Granger and the Collections 
 of the Editor, 1806, 3 vols. 8vo. II. A Collection of Eng 
 lish Portraits, (310 in number,) engraved from rare Prints 
 or Original Pictures, 8vo, pub. by Richardson. The late 
 impressions are inferior. Bindley, Pt. 3, 1572, 72 Nos., 
 6 16s. 6d. III. Copies of Rare Granger Portraits, in 
 cluding some to Noble's Supplement, 1820-22, 8vo, pub. 
 by T. & H. Rodd, in Nos. at 6s. each. Large paper, 4to, 
 7s. Qd. each. Proofs in India paper, 12s. each. If he 
 have an illustrated copy, he will not need the two pre 
 ceding works. IV. Letters between the Rev. James 
 Granger and many of the most eminent literary men of 
 his Time, <fcc., 1805, 8vo. 
 
 As Granger's passion for portraits has been but little 
 understood by some readers, it is but just to quote his 
 own words in his vindication : 
 
 " In every age and nation distinguished for arts and learning, 
 the inclination of transmitting the memory and even the features 
 of illustrious persons to posterity has uniformly prevailed. The 
 greatest poets, orators, and historians were contemporaries with 
 the most celebrated painters, statuaries, and engravers of gems 
 and medals ; and the desire to be acquainted with a man's aspect 
 has ever risen in proportion to the known excellence of his cha 
 racter and the admiration of his writings." 
 
 The publication of Granger's work excited an eager 
 competition for portraits, and unfortunately many of his 
 disciples carried their zeal to the highly-censurable ex 
 treme of mutilating valuable works for the sake of the 
 portraits which they contained : 
 
 "Previously to the publication of the first edition of this work 
 in 1769, five shillings was considered a liberal price by collectors 
 for any English portrait; and the late Lord Oxford, Sir William 
 Musgrave, and Richard Bull, Esq.. have declared to several per 
 sons still living, that the most valuable prints in their Collections 
 were purchased by them at, or under, that sum. But on the ap 
 pearance of Mr. Granger's work, the rage to illustrate it with 
 portraits was so prevalent, that scarcely a copy of a book orna 
 mented with portraits could be found in an unmutilated state ; and 
 books of this description rose in price to five times their original 
 value. Holland's ' Herologia,' Anderson's ' Genealogical History 
 of the House of Yvery,' Dugdale's ' Origines Juridicales,' Birch's 
 'Lives of Illustrious Persons,' Collins's 'History of the Noble 
 Houses of Vere and Cavendish,' Rapin's and Larrey's ' History of 
 England,' Smith's ' History of Virginia,' Clarke's and Lupton's 
 'Lives of Eminent Divines,' Knight's 'Lives of Erasmus and 
 Dean Colet,' and all works of a similar description, have been 
 freely plundered for the sake of their attractive embellishments." 
 -Pre/, to f>th ed. of Granger's Biog. Hist, of Eng. 
 
 Rowe Mores, in his criticism upon Ames's Catalogue 
 of English Heads, is loud in his complaint of these muti- 
 lators often depredators : 
 
 "If this gout for prints and thieving continues, let private 
 owners and public libraries look well to their books, for there will 
 not remain a valuable book ungarbled by their connoisseuring 
 villany ; for neither honesty nor oaths restrain them." 
 
 This is a tempting subject, but we must fly from it. We 
 have touched upon a branch of this illustrating mania in 
 our article on BAGFORD, JOHN. The literary merit of 
 Granger s History is of a high order 
 
 "Granger's Biographical History is full of curious anecdotes, 
 but might have been better done; the dog is a Whig." DR. 
 JOHNSON". 
 
 "I have, since I saw you, read every word of Granger's Biogra 
 phical History. It has entertained me exceedingly, and I do t 
 think him the Wliig that you supposed." Boswdlto Dr John^ti 
 Aug. 30, 1776. 
 
 It is a curious fact that this remark, to "exceedingly," 
 is generally quoted as Johnson's instead of Boswell's. 
 Even Wright, one of Boswell's commentators, commits 
 this serious error. 
 
 " I have rfo hesitation in designating it as a delightful and in- 
 
 GRA 
 
 structive book ; but whoever republishes it should add the por 
 traits of the different characters which were unknown to the 
 author. Considering that Granger may be said to have first walked 
 the field alone, it is surprising what he has done. His catalogue 
 of engraved heads is immense. His style is always clear, pointed, 
 and lively: and if he talked and preached as he wrote in his bio 
 graphical history, it would have been difficult to have withdrawn 
 attention from so intelligent a quarter." Dibdin's Lib. Cbmp. 
 
 See Noble's Continuation of Granger's Hist; Nichols's 
 Lit. Anec. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet., and authorities there 
 cited. Respecting Illustrated Copies of books, see Dib 
 din's Bibliomania, ed. 1842, 500-511. 
 
 In our article on DIBDIN, THOMAS FROGNALL, we have 
 noticed a number of illustrated copies of several of his 
 works. Among the most splendid examples of illustrated 
 works are 1. The Shakspeare, containing more than 2300 
 prints, bound in 20 vols., sold at Hanrott's sale for 556 
 10s. 2. The Shakspeare in the possession of Earl Spencer, 
 illustrated by Lady Lucan ; the labour of sixteen years. 
 See Dibdin's Bibliomania, ed. 1842, p. 498. 3. The 
 Bowyer Bible, in 45 folio vols., with more than 6000 prints, 
 valued at 3000 guineas ; put up to raffle among 4000 sub 
 scribers at a guinea each, and sold by the winner at 
 auction to Mr. Willis, of Covent Garden, for 405. It 
 subsequently became the property of Mr. John Albinson, 
 of Bolton, and was sold at the sale of his library, March, 
 1856, to Mr. Robert Hey wood, of Bolton, for 550. 4. The 
 copy of Clarendon's Rebellion, illustrated by Alexander 
 Hendras Sutherland, at an expense of nearly 10,000. 
 To add to the wealth of this copy, Mrs. Sutherland paid 
 eighty guineas for one plate, containing the portraits of 
 James I. and his Queen, Anne of Denmark, by Renold 
 Elstrake. 5. The copy of Lefevre's edit, of Voltaire's 
 works, 1829-34, 90 vols. 8vo ; sold in Paris, in 1856, for 
 223; estimated worth, 800. The illustration of the 
 works of this mischievous writer and bad man cost the 
 labour of twenty years; 12,000 engravings, of which 
 10,000 are portraits, are inserted. Of Granger's own 
 work, we observe that Mr. Joseph Lilly and Mr. George 
 Willis, of London, have each on hand at this moment 
 (1856) a magnificent illustrated copy. Mr. Lilly's copy 
 (which includes Noble's continuation) is illustrated by 
 more than 1300 portraits, bound in 27 vols. imp. 4to, 
 price 42. Mr. Willis's copy contains more than 3000 
 portraits, bound in 19 vols. fol., price 38 10s. It cost 
 the former owner nearly 200. But we cannot regard a 
 volume of this character without pain, not that we love 
 portraits less, but books more : and how many noble tomes 
 have been pillaged to add to the ill-gotten gains of " IL 
 LUSTRATED COPIES !" 
 
 Granger, Joseph. Agricult. of the County of Dur 
 ham, <fcc., Lon., 1794, 4to, pp. 74. 
 
 " At the time of its publication reckoned a good performance. 
 Mr. Granger wrote very truly on the subject." Donaldson's Agri- 
 cult. Biog. 
 
 Granger, T. C. l.Collec. of Statutes: see EVANS, 
 WM. DAVID. 2. Sir T. E. Tomlin's Law Dictionary, 4th 
 ed., 1835, 2 vols. 4to. 3. H. Roscoe's Law of Evid. in 
 Grim. Cases, 3d ed., 1846, r. 12mo. 4. In conjunction 
 with J. Manning, Cases in Ct. of C. Pleas, 1840-44, 
 7 vols. r. 8vo, 1841-46. In conjunction with J. Manning 
 and J. Scott, Common Bench Reports, 1845-51, 8 vols. 
 r. 8vo. Regularly continued. 
 
 Granger, Thomas. 1. Expos, of the Ten Command 
 ments, Lon., 1616, 8vo. 2. Divine Logick, 1620, 4to. 3. 
 Serm., 1620, 8vo. 4. Expos, on Comment, on Ecclesiastes, 
 1621, 4to. 
 
 Grant. Serms., 1780, 6 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Grant, Mrs., of Croydon. 1. Sketches of Life and 
 Manners, 12mo. 2. Tales founded on Facts, 12mo. 
 
 " There are Four Tales in this little volume viz. Ellen Glencoe 
 the Captive and the Author. They are naturally and pleasingly 
 written, without much effort at style; and what we might find to 
 censure on the score of carelessness in some parts is amply com 
 pensated by the sound moral of the whole, which recommends the 
 book as exceedingly proper for youth." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 Grant, A. Modern Attorney; 2ded., Lon., 1795, 8vo. 
 
 Grant, Alex. Use of Opium, Lon., 1785. 
 
 Grant, Alex., D.D. Serms., Dundee, 1800-05, 3 vols. 
 8vo ; 1806, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Grant, Sir Alexander. The Ethics of Aristotle, 
 Lon., 1857-58, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Grant, Andrew, M.D. Hist, of Brazil, Lon., 1809- 
 10, 8vo. 
 
 Grant, Mrs. Anne, 1755-1838, known as Mrs. Grant 
 of Laggan, was a native of Glasgow, and the daughter of 
 Duncan MacVicar, an officer in the British army. The 
 latter was ordered to America in 1757, and was followed 
 by his wife and child in the next year. When about eight 
 years of age she became acquainted with " Madame Schuy- 
 
GRA 
 
 ler," of Albany, the widow of Colonel Philip Schuyler, 
 and aunt to the distinguished general of that name, and 
 enjoyed the advantages of her society for the remaining 
 four years which she spent in America. The gratitude 
 of the child has been vividly recorded in the portrait of 
 Mrs. Schuyler, entitled Memoirs of an American Lady, 
 pub. in 1808. 
 
 In 1768, at the age of 13, Anne returned with her parents 
 to Scotland, and in 1779 was married to the Rev. James 
 Grant, minister of the parish of Laggan, Invernesshire, 
 who in 1801 left her a widow with eight children. After 
 the death of her husband she resided for some time on a 
 small farm near Laggan, subsequently in the vicinity of 
 Stirling, and in 1810 removed to Edinburgh, where she 
 remained until her death in 1838, at the age of 83. She 
 enjoyed the friendship of Bishop Porteus, Sir Walter Far- 
 quhar, Sir William Grant, and Sir Walter Scott, by whose 
 hand the memorial was drawn up which procured her a 
 pension of 100 from the year 1826 until her death. 
 
 1. The Highlanders, and other Poems, Edin., 1803, 8vo. 
 3000 copies subscribed for. Repub., 1804, 8vo. 
 
 " Her Poetry is really not very good ; and the most tedious, and 
 certainly the least poetical, volume which she has produced, is that 
 which contains her verses. The longest piece, which she has 
 entitled The Highlanders, is heavy and uninteresting ; and there 
 is a want of compression and finish a sort of loose, rambling, and 
 indigested air in most of the others. Yet the whole collection is 
 enlivened with the sparklings of a prolific fancy, and displays great 
 command of language and facility of versification. When we write 
 our article upon unsuccessful poetry, we shall endeavour to explain 
 how these qualities may fail of success : but in the mean time, 
 we think there is an elegy upon an humble friend, and an address 
 from a fountain, and two or three little pieces, which very fully 
 deserve it; and are written with great beauty, tenderness, and 
 delicacy." LORD JEFFREY : Edin. Rtv., xviii. 481-482. 
 
 *' Mrs. Grant in her Highlanders and other Poems respectably 
 assisted in sustaining the honours of the Scottish muse." D. M. 
 MOIR: Sketches of the Poet. Lit. of the Past Half-Century. 
 
 2. Letters from the Mountains ; being her Corresp. with 
 her Friends, 1773-1803, Lon., 1806; 6th ed., edited, with 
 Notes and Additions, by her son, J. P. Grant, 1845, 2 vols. 
 p. 8vo; 1845, 2 vols. 24mo; 7th ed., 1853, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " No person, I believe, was so astonished at their success as my 
 self." MRS. GRANT. 
 
 " Her Letters from the Mountains, notwithstanding the repulsive 
 affectation of the title, are among the most interesting collections 
 of real letters that have lately been given to the public; and, being 
 indebted for no part of their interest to the celebrity of the names 
 they contain or the importance of the events they narrate, afford, 
 in their success, a more honourable testimony of the talents of the 
 author. The great charm of the correspondence, indeed, is its per 
 fect independence on artificial helps, and the air of fearlessness and 
 originality which it has consequently assumed." LORD JEFFREY : 
 Edin. Rev., xviii. 480. 
 
 " The engaging volatility of youth apparent in the early part of 
 the correspondence, and the good sense of more ripened years, are 
 here equally pleasing. The sentiments of the author when occu 
 pying the various relative situations of a daughter, wife, mother, 
 and protegee, are truly praiseworthy; while the display of a warm 
 and lively imagination, correct and animated language, and strokes 
 of real genius, with which the letters abound, present still further 
 title to our approbation." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 It is not surprising that Mrs. Grant is sometimes inac 
 curate in her statements, and we observe in a work just 
 published the following criticism upon her account of the 
 Massacre of Glencoe : 
 
 "I quote Mrs. Grant's authority only for what she herself heard 
 and saw. Her account of the massacre was written apparently 
 without the assistance of books, and is grossly incorrect. Indeed 
 she makes a mistake of two years as to the date." T. B^Macau- 
 lay's Hist, of Eng., vol. iv., 1856. 
 
 3. Memoirs of an American Lady; with Sketches of 
 Manners and Scenery in America, as they existed previous 
 to the Revolution, 1808, 2 vols. 12ino; 2d ed., 1809; N. 
 York, 1809. The "American Lady" is MRS. SCHCYLER, 
 (see ante;) but we have also the autobiography of the au 
 thor's American life, and much other interesting matter. 
 
 " The Memoirs of an American Lady contains a very animated 
 picture of that sort of simple, tranquil, patriarchal life, which was 
 common enough within these hundred years in the central parts 
 of England; but of which we are rather inclined to think there is 
 no specimen left in the world; and which is rendered more inte 
 resting in the present striking memorial, by the contrast of its 
 sober and regulated tenor with the wildnessof a settlement in the 
 desert, and its combination with some peculiarities in the structure 
 of society derived from the adopted usages of Switzerland and Ger 
 many." LORD JEFFREY: Edin. Rev., xviii. 482. 
 
 " The character of the Lady, her way of keeping house on a large 
 scale, the state of the domestic slaves, the customs of the young 
 men of Albany, their practice of robbing one another hi joke, &c., 
 are novel and curious." 
 
 "Exceedingly instructive concerning the manners and customs 
 which prevailed in New York Colony at the close of the Eighteenth 
 Century." WM. II. SEWARD, (late Governor of New York:) Preface 
 to Nat. Hist, of New Fork. 
 
 " A faithful narrative of the manner and modes of life of the 
 an ti- revolutionary residents of Albany chiefly." PEES CHARLES 
 KING. 
 
 GRA 
 
 " On the basis of her very youthful recollections, affected, with 
 out doubt, by the imaginations and prejudices of after-years, sho 
 constructed this work at the age of fifty-two. It is not without 
 interest, as may appear by the references which we have made to 
 it; but no one will suppose that it can make much pretension to 
 accuracy." ANDREWS NORTOX : 2V. Amer. Rev., Ix. 146 ; where see 
 an account of Miss Lowell's remonstrances with Mrs. Grant respect- 
 ng the injustice charged upon the Memoirs of the latter. 
 
 4. Essays on the Superstitions of the Highlanders of 
 Scotland. To which are added Translations from the 
 &aelic, and Letters connected with those formerly pub 
 lished, 1811, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " She has very great powers of description, both of character and 
 scenery much force of conception, acuteness, and reach of mind 
 in reasoning great occasional brightness, and perpetual activity 
 of fancy, and a fine enthusiasm for virtue, simplicity, and the 
 
 Highlands Though it be difficult, however, to keep pace with 
 
 her enthusiasm in behalf of this singular race, we agree perfectly 
 in her censure of the incurious indifference with which they have 
 been hitherto regarded by the very same philosophers who think 
 themselves well employed in collecting uncertain notices of far less 
 
 interesting and less accessible nations The Letters annexed to 
 
 these Essays are, like all Mrs. Grant's letters, lively, impressive, 
 and original ; though sometimes in bad taste, and generally ver 
 bose. For the benefit of those who have not seen her former col 
 lection, we annex a few specimens This, to be sure, is not ex 
 actly the style of Madame du Deffand; and yet there are very 
 many people who will like it quite as well. And even those who 
 would be most scandalized at the comparison must confess, that 
 it indicates a far loftier, a far purer, and a far happier character, 
 than that of the witty lady with whose it may be contrasted." 
 LORD JEFFREY: Edin. Rev., xviii. 482-483, 507, 510. 
 
 5. Eighteen Hundred and Thirteen ; a Poem, 1814, 8vo. 
 6. Memoir and Correspondence of Mrs. Grant of Laggan, 
 1844, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 2d ed., 1845, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 3d ed., 
 1853, 2 vols. p. 8vo. These vols. consist of a sketch of 
 Mrs. Grant's life, drawn up by herself, (in 1825, <fcc.,) to the 
 year 1806, and continued by her son, and of her letters 
 between 1803 when she left Laggan for Woodend and 
 within a few months of her death in 1838. The following 
 commendations of these vols. from authorities of widely 
 different character are all for which we can find room : 
 
 " Most of Mrs. Grant's letters are rich in moral sentiment, and 
 all are pre-eminent in refined social feeling. Her style of writing 
 is so pure, and her modes of thinking and expressing herself upon 
 every subject so true to nature, that no one of correct taste can 
 rise from the perusal of her letters without a consciousness of real 
 delight." Lon. Evangelical Magazine. 
 
 " Abounds in anecdotes of many celebrated persons, well told, 
 novel, and full of interest. Mrs. Grant discovers an astounding 
 acuteness of intellect, a sagacity of discrimination, and, what is 
 better still, a fervour of religious feeling, rarely met with in any 
 collection of letters in the whole range of English literature." 
 Court Journal. 
 
 This estimable lady was as great a favourite in the 
 social circle as she was with those who only knew her 
 through her enchanting volumes. Dr. Munro gives a 
 graphic account of the pleasure which he experienced in 
 he/"company at an evening party in Edinburgh : 
 
 " Mrs. Grant is really a woman of great talents and acquire 
 ments, and might, without offence to any one, talk upon any 
 subject she pleases. But I assure you any person who hopes to 
 meet with a blue stocking, in the ordinary sense of this term, in 
 this lady, will feel sadly disappointed. . . . The sound and rational 
 enjoyment I derived from my conversation with this excellent 
 person would indeed atone for much more than all the blue, stock 
 ing sisterhood have ever been able to inflict upon my patience." 
 
 Mr. De Quincey accidentally encountered Mrs. Grant 
 and her beautiful daughter in a stage-coach, in 1808. The 
 charms of the daughter of course were not lost upon the 
 enthusiastic temperament of the Opium-Eater; but the 
 conversation of the mother seems to have impressed him 
 more deeply. In a review of his life, written many years 
 later, he tells us, with much feeling : 
 
 " Her kindness to me was particularly flattering ; and to this 
 day I retain the impression of the benignity which she an esta 
 blished wit, and just then receiving incense from all quarters 
 showed in her manners to me a person utterly unknown." Lite 
 rary Reminiscences. 
 
 Undoubtedly the writings of Mrs. Grant did much to 
 awaken that taste for Scotland and its scenery, its tradi 
 tions and its superstitions, which was at once stimulated 
 and gratified by the poems, the novels, and the histories, 
 of the author of Waverley. Than his there can be no 
 higher commendation ; and we are glad to be able to add 
 it to the many tributes which have been offered to the emi 
 nent merits of Anne Grant of Laggan : 
 
 " Her writings, deservedly popular in her own country, derive 
 their success from the happy manner in which, addressing them 
 selves to the national pride of the Scottish people, they breathe a 
 spirit at once of patriotism and of that candour which renders 
 patriotism unselfish and liberal. We have no hesitation in assert 
 ing our belief that Mrs. Grant's writings have produced a strong 
 and salutary effect upon her countrymen, who not only found re 
 corded in them much of national history and antiquities which 
 would otherwise have been forgotten, but found them combined 
 with the soundest and the best lessons of virtue and morality." 
 Such is a brief extract from the application to King 
 
GRA 
 
 George IV. for a pension to Mrs. Grant, written by Sir 
 Walter Scott, and signed by himself, Lord Jeffrey, Henry 
 Mackenzie, and other gentlemen. We have seen that it 
 was successful. In addition to the Memoirs above referred 
 to, the reader will find much of interest relating to this 
 excellent and accomplished woman in Mrs. Elwood's Lite 
 rary Ladies of England, and in a biographical article^ in 
 
 N. Amer. Rev., Ix. 126-156, by Andrews Norton. See also 
 and Lockhart's Life of Scott. 
 
 Lon. Gent. Mag. ; Eraser's Mag.; the Eclectic Review; 
 
 Grant, Anthony, D.C.L., Archdeacon of St. Alban's. 
 The Past and Prospective Extension of the Gospel by 
 Missions to the Heathen, considered in Eight Lects., at 
 the Bampton Lecture, Lon., 1844, 8vo. 
 
 Grant, Asahel, M.D., late Missionary to the Amer. 
 Board of For. Missions. The Nestorians ; or, The Lost 
 Tribes : containing evidence of their identity, illustrations 
 of Scripture, Prophecy, <fcc., Lon., 1841, Svo; 3d ed., 1844. 
 'Curious information." BickerstetWs C. S. 
 "An important accession to our stores of geographical know 
 ledge; and we hope it will receive, what it richly deserves, an ex 
 tensive circulation and an attentive perusal." C7t. of Eng. Quar. 
 Rev. 
 
 " Much curious and interesting information." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 Also highly commended by the Church and State Ga 
 zette, The British Quarterly, and other leading reviews. 
 The reader must also procure Rev. A. C. Lathrop's Me 
 moir of Dr. Grant, pub. in N. York, and Rev. Thos. Lau 
 rie's (surviving associate of the Mission) account of Dr. 
 Grant and the Mountain Nestorians, Bost., 1853, 12mo; 
 3d ed., revised, 1856, 12mo. The map in this work of the 
 Nestorian country we presume to be the most correct in 
 existence. 
 
 Grant, Charles. Serm., Lon., 1795, 4to. 
 Grant, Charles, Viscount de Vaux. 1. Memoires de 
 la Maison de Grant, Lon., 1796, 8vo. 2. The Hist, of Mau 
 ritius, or the Isle of France, 1801, 4to. 
 
 "This work is drawn principally from the memoirs of Baron 
 Grant, by his son. The Baron resided nearly twenty years in the 
 island : hence, and from his acquaintance with most of the sci 
 entific and nautical men who visited the island, he has been 
 enabled to collect much information connected with its physical 
 state, its harbours, climate, soil, productions, and the manners of 
 its inhabitants." Stevenson's Voyages and Travels. 
 Other publications. 
 
 Grant, Charles. A Poem on the Restoration of 
 Learning in the East, Camb.,. 1805, 4to. This obtained 
 Mr. Buchanan's prize. 
 
 Grant, Charles, 1746-1823, an East Indian proprie 
 tor and director, noted for his zeal in the furtherance of 
 Christianity and education in India. Observations on the 
 State of Society among the Asiatic subjects of Great Bri 
 tain. Printed by the House of Commons in 1813. 
 Grant, D. Serms., Ac., Lon., 1771-86. 
 Grant, David, M.D. Med. Ac. works, 1801, '05, '07, 
 all 8vo. 
 
 Grant, David. Beauties of Modern English Poetry; 
 
 3d ed., Lon., 1848, 12mo ; 5th ed., enlarged. 
 
 " A book of much utility." Moore's Life of Byron. 
 
 Grant, Duncan, minister of Forbes. The Duty of 
 
 the Young to Love and Seek. Christ, Edin., 32mo. Highly 
 
 commended. 
 
 Grant, or Graunt, Edward, D.D., d. 1601, emineni 
 for his learning, was educated at Westminster School and 
 at Christ Church, or at Broadgates Hall, Oxf. ; Master of 
 Westminster School, 1572-91 ; Preb. of Ely, 1589. 1. Grseca 
 Linguae Spicilegium, Lon., 1575, 4to. Epitomized by his 
 usher and successor, William Camden, under the title of 
 Institutio Grseca Grammatices Compendiara, in usum Re- 
 gise Scholae Westmonasteriensis, 1597, 8vo. See CAMDEN, 
 WILLIAM. 
 
 " Reprinted about one hundred times since." See Biog. Brit., 
 2254. 
 
 2. Letters and Poems of Roger Ascham, with Oratio, &c., 
 a piece of his own, 1577, 8vo. 3. Lexicon Graeco- Lati- 
 num, Jo. Crispini Opera, Ac., opera et studio, E. G., (Ed 
 ward Graham,) 1581, fol. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 "The most noted Latinist and Grecian of his time Esteemed 
 
 a most noted Latin poet, as several of his copies of verses, printed 
 in various books, shew, and was well skill'd in all kind of humane 
 literature." Athen. Own., q. v. See also Biog. Brit.; Tanner; 
 Bentham's Ely. 
 
 Grant, Francis, Lord Cullen, b. about 1660, d. 1726, 
 an eminent Scotch lawyer and judge under Queen Anne. 
 1. The Loyalist's Reasons, <fcc., Edin., 1689, 8vo. 2. Law, 
 Religion, and Education considered, in three Essays, 
 1715, 8vo. 3. A Key to the Plot, by Reflections on the 
 Rebellion of 1715, 1716, 8vo. 
 
 Grant, Harding. 1. Advice to Trustees,Lon.,1830,8vo. 
 "A useful little work, mainly designed for unprofessional 
 readers." See 2 Leg. Obs., 198. 
 720 
 
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 2. Practice in Chancery; 5th ed., 1845, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 "A very useful manual to the Equity practitioner." Warren's 
 
 Law Stu., 928. 
 
 3. Ques. and Answers on above, 1839, 12mo. 
 Grant, J., M.D. Yellow Fever, Lon., 1805, 8vo. 
 Grant, James. Serms., 1775, '77, both 8vo. 
 Grant, James, of Corrimony. 1. Essays on the Ori- 
 
 in of Society, Language, <fcc., Lon., 1785, 4to. 2. Thoughts 
 on the Origin and Descent of the Gael, 1813, Svo. Edin., 
 1814, Svo. 
 
 Grant, James. An Enquiry into the Nature of Ze- 
 mindary Tenures in the Landed Property of Bengal, Ac., 
 Lon., 1790, '91, 4to. 
 
 " Against the proprietary rights of the Zemindars." McCullocVs 
 Lit. of Polit. Econ. 
 
 Grant, James, R. N. Voyage in the Lady Nelson, 
 Lon., 1803, 4to. Prefixed is an Account of the Origin of 
 Sliding Keels and their advantages. 
 
 Grant, James, editor of the London Morning Adver 
 tiser, b. in Scotland about 1806, has pub. a number of in 
 structive and popular works, of which the following are 
 among the best known : 1. Random Recollec. of the 
 House of Lords, 1830-36, Lon., 1836, p. Svo. 2. Of the 
 House of Commons, 1836, p. Svo. 3. The British Senate 
 in 1838; a 2d Series of Nos. 1 and 2, 1838, 2 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 " The extraordinary success of the Random Recollections of the 
 Lords and Commons has naturally enough led to this publication, 
 which is executed with equal ability." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 4. The Great Metropolis, 1836, 2 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 " There is a coarseness and vulgarity in its style which is repul 
 sive. No strength; no dignity; "no grace; no refinement. In a 
 word, the book has very bad manners." II. W. LONGFELLOW : JV. 
 A. Rev., xliv. 461-484, q. v. 
 
 5. The Great Metropolis ; 2d Series, 1837, 2 vols. p. Svo. 
 "The author displays so much shrewdness, natural humour, 
 
 and such a vein of good-natured caricature, that we hope soon to 
 meet with him again." Edin. Rev. 
 
 6. The Bench and the Bar, 1S37, 2 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 "In these volumes, as in a mirror, the reader may obtain a 
 glance at the leading legal luminaries of the day." Lon. Sun. 
 
 7. Travels in Town, 1839, 2 vols. p. Svo. 8. Sketches 
 in London, 1838, Svo. 
 
 " Many people wonder at the love of London. Why so? It is 
 certainly the best summer residence none other is so cool. The 
 best abode in winter for none other is so warm. The rich prefer 
 it for containing every luxury ; and the poor where can money 
 be made to go so far?" SIR F. B. HEAD. 
 
 9. The Metropolitan Pulpit ; or, Sketches of the most 
 Popular Preachers in London, 1839, 2 vols. p. Svo. The 
 following are the principal preachers noticed in these 
 agreeable volumes : The late Rev. Dr. Waugh, the late 
 Rev. Matthew Wilks, the late Rev. Win. Howels, the late 
 Rev. Rowland Hill, the late Rev. Edward Irving, the Rev. 
 Thomas Snow, the Rev. John T. Robinson, the Rev. Dr. 
 Croly, the Rev. J. F. Denham, the Rev. Hobart M. Sey 
 mour, the Rev. Watts Wilkinson, the Rev. Sanderson Ro 
 bins, the Rev. Dr. Dillon, the Rev. H. Beamish, the Rev. 
 Henry Melville, the Rev. J. T. Judkin, the Hon. and Rev. 
 Baptist Noel, the Rev. Thomas Mortimer, the Rev. J. 
 Hambleton, the Rev. Dr. Brown, the Rev. Jno. Cumming, 
 the Rev. Dr. Crombie, the Rev. R. Redpath, the Rev. 
 Thomas Archer, the Rev. John Young, the Rev. Alexander 
 Fletcher, the Rev. Dr. Morrison, the Rev. Dr. Leifchild, 
 the Rev. Dr. Colly er, the Rev. John Burnet, the Rev. Caleb 
 j Morris, the Rev. James Sherman, the Rev. Dr. Bennett, 
 ' the Rev. Jno. Clayton, the Rev. Thomas Binney, the Rev. 
 Jno. Blackburn, the Rev. Dr. Andrew Reed, the Rev. Dr. 
 Fletcher, the Rev. Jno. Stevens, the Rev. C. Coomb, the 
 Rev. Wm. Overbury, the Rev. J. Harrington Evans, the 
 Rev. Edw. Steane, the Rev. C. Stovel, the Rev. J. Howard 
 Hinton, the Rev. Dr. F. A. Cox, the Rev. Dr. Jabez Bunt 
 ing, the Rev. Thomas Jackson, the Rev. Robt. Aitkin, the 
 Rev. J. Abrahams, and the Rev. J. Dorman. 
 
 " We think that Mr. Grant has surpassed any of his former 
 efforts, as respects his style, care, and industry, in the getting up 
 of these sketches. There is everywhere manifested the most sin 
 cere desire to be accurate and just; or, if there be a leaning, it is 
 never but to the favourable side. Above all, the reader cannot 
 fail to perceive and fall in with the earnest sentiments of the 
 author and the strain of piety which pervades the entire work." 
 Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 Grant, James, of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at- 
 Law. Law of Corporations in General, Lon., 1850, r. Svo. 
 " The best treatise on Corporation Law." ion. Law Rev. 
 " We think the arrangement happy. Another feature in Mr. 
 Grant's book is the honesty with which it has been compiled." 
 Lon. Law Mag. 
 
 " Vast research and diligence are displayed in the execution." 
 i Lon. Times. 
 
 Grant, James, R. A., b. 1822, at Edinburgh, a son 
 
 j of Capt. John Grant, has gained considerable celebrity 
 
 by a number of popular works. 1. The Romance of 
 
 i War, or Highlanders in Spain, vols. i., ii., iii., p. Svo, 1846; 
 
GRA 
 
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 *ol. iv., 1847, p. 8vo : 2d ed., 1848, 4 vols. in 2. 2. Adven 
 tures of an Aide-de-Camp, 1848, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 3. Me 
 moirs of Sir Wm. Kirkaldy of Grange, 1849, p. Svo. 
 
 " It is very seldom indeed that we find history so written, in 
 a style at once -vigorous, perspicuous, and picturesque." Slack- 
 wood's Mag. 
 
 4. Walter Fenton ; or, The Scottish Cavalier, 3 vols. p. 
 8vo. 5. Memorials of Edinburgh Castle ; illustrated, 1850, 
 p. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Grant's very interesting history of the Castle of Edin 
 burgh. a work equally distinguished by research, accuracy, and 
 pictorial interest." Sir Archibald Alison's Essays. 
 
 6. Bothwell; or, the Days of Mary Queen of Scots, 
 1851, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 7. Memoirs of Sir John Hepburn, 
 1851, p. 8vo. 8. Jane Seton, 1853, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 9. Philip 
 Hollo, 1854, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Cheap eds. of several of these 
 works have been pub. Of that of Bothwell, 10,000 copies 
 were sold in a month. Mr. G. has been a contributor to 
 the Dublin Univ. Mag. and to Tait's Mag. See Men of 
 the Time, Lon., 1856. 
 
 Grant, James M., of Lincoln's Inn. Custom's Fal 
 lacy ; a Dram. Sketch, 1805, 8vo. 
 
 Grant, Jeremiah. His Peregrinations, Lon., 1763, 
 12ino. 
 
 Grant, John, Preb.of Roches. Serms., Lon.,1707, 4to. 
 Grant, John. Institutes of Latin Grammar, Lon., 
 1808, Svo. 
 
 "These Institutes display considerable ability, great diligence, 
 and philosophical insight into the structure of language." Lon. 
 Month. Rev. 
 
 Mr. G. also pub. an Eng. Gram., Serms., <fcc., 1811-15. 
 Grant, John. Sierra Leone, 1810, Svo. 
 Grant, John Peter. 1. Ct. of Session in Scot., Lon., 
 1807, 8vo. 2. Wealth and Currency, 1812, Svo. 3. Speech, 
 1817. 4. Law rel. to New Trials, 1817, Svo. 
 
 Grant, Johnson, 1773-1845, a native of Edinburgh; 
 Rector of Binbrook, 1818; Minister of Kentish Town 
 Chapel, 1822. He pub. several theolog. and poetical 
 works, among which are 1. A Summary of the Hist, of 
 the Eng. Church, and the Sects which have departed from 
 her communion, with answers to each dissenting body, 
 &c., Lon., 1811, '14, '20, '25, 4 vols. Svo. 2. Arabia ; a 
 Poem, with Notes, Leeds, 1815, 2 vols. 12mo. 3. XXXIV. 
 Serms., 1835, 8vo. 
 
 " These sermons are well suited to the closet, and are good spe 
 cimens of composition." Lon. Chris. JRememb. 
 
 4. The Joshuad; a Poem, Lon., 1837, Svo. Anon.; not 
 pub. 5. Sketches in Divinity, 1840, 8vo. 
 
 Grant, Klein, M.D. 1. Hooper's Medical Dictionary, 
 8th ed. revised, corrected, and improved by K. G., Lon., 
 1839, Svo; 1848, Svo. 
 
 ' Compared with the early editions, it may, from the great in 
 crease of matter, be regarded as a new work. Dr. Grant has suc 
 ceeded in preserving the plan of the late Dr. Hooper, and at the 
 same time in giving to his labours that extension of detail which 
 the recent progress of medicine had rendered necessary. . . . This 
 edition will be found more extensively useful than any of those 
 which preceded it." Lon. Med. Gazette. 
 
 2. Memoirs of the late James Hope, M.D., by Mrs. 
 Hope. With addit. matter by Dr. Hope and Dr. Burder; 
 the whole edited by K. G. ; 3d ed., 1844, p. Svo; 4th ed., 
 p. Svo. 
 
 " We warmly recommend this volume to the reading public." 
 Brit, and Fur. Mt.d. Rev. 
 
 Grant, Louisa Kerr. Ninfa; a Tale, Lon., 1855, 
 p. Svo. 
 
 " The great merit of the book consists in bringing one idea for 
 ward and filliag the reader irresistibly with it; and this is the 
 unnatural union of two different characters and countries, and 
 the natural penalty that must ensue." Fraser's Magazine. 
 Grant, P. Con. to Med. Com., 1786. 
 Grant, Patrick, 1698-1762, Lord Prestongrange, a 
 Scotch Judge, wrote some pieces against the Rebellion of 
 1745. 
 
 Grant, Patrick. Annotations on Lord Stair's In 
 stitutions of the Law of Scot., Edin., 1824, 4to. 
 
 Grant, Raymond James. Life of Thos. Dermody, 
 with Orig. Poetry, Lon., 1806, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Grant, Robert. 1. Hist, of the E. India Comp. to 
 
 1*73, Lon., 1813, Svo. 2. Trade, <fcc. of India, 1813, Svo. 
 
 Grant, Robert, Vicar of Bradford-Abbas, <fcc. Six 
 
 Lects. on the Parable of the Prodigal Son, Lon., 1830, 12mo. 
 
 Grant, Robert, b. 1814, at Grantoun, Scotland. 1. 
 
 History of Physical Astronomy, Lon., 1852, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Grant's book takes its place among standard works from 
 its first appearance, by common consent." Lon. Philosophical Mag 
 " Seldom have we been called on to review a book more complete 
 than this. The amount of research displayed is evidence of the 
 most unwearying industry. The work will stand as one of the 
 great records of human progress; for most satisfactorily is every 
 phase of man's advance in the knowledge of ' the stars in their 
 curses' therein recorded." ion. Athenaum. 
 
 2. With Admiral W. H. Smyth, D.C.L., a trans, of Arago'a 
 Popular Astronomy : vol. L, 1855. 3. With Admiral Smyth 
 and Rev. B. Powell, trans, of Arago's Eminent Men, 1857. 
 
 Grant, Robert Edmund, M.D., b. at Edinburgh, 
 1793. Outlines of Comparative Anatomy, 1835, Svo. Not 
 completed. Other profess, works. See Eng. Cye., Biog., 
 vol. iii., 1856. 
 
 Grant, Roger. Cure of a Man born Blind, 1709, Svo. 
 
 Grant, Wm. Essay on the Balance of Europe. From 
 the French of Fenelon, Lon., 1720, &vo. 
 
 Grant, Wm., M.D. Med. works, 1771-82. 
 
 Grantham, Henry. Trans, into English of S. Len- 
 tulo's Ital. Gram., written in Latin, Lon., 1575, Svo; 
 1587, 16mo. 
 
 Grantham, Thomas. Marriage Serm., Lon., 1641, 
 '56, 4to ; 1751, 8vo. 
 
 Grantham, Sir Thomas. 1. The Prisoner against 
 the Prelate, (1650,) Svo. 2. Christianismus Primitivus, 
 Lon., 1678, fol. Other theolog. works, 1644-80. 
 
 Grantham, Thomas. 1. Serm., 1674, 4to. 2. Five 
 Discourses on Conjugal Duty, 1681, 4to; 1709, Svo. 
 
 Granville, Cardinal. Letters contayning sundry 
 Devises touching the state of Flanders and Portugal, Lon., 
 1582, Svo. 
 
 Granville, A. B., M.D., has gained considerable 
 reputation by his medical works and accounts of tours on 
 the continent. The following excellent production was 
 received with enthusiastic commendations : St. Peters- 
 burgh ; a Journal of Travels to and from that Capital, 2d 
 ed., Lon., 1829, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " We do not hesitate to say that his Picture of Petersburgh 
 contains the most copious and detailed description of the gigantic 
 edifices of this extraordinary city which has hitherto been laid 
 before the public." J. WILSON CHOKER : Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxix. 
 1-41, q. v. 
 
 We have many favourable notices before us of our au 
 thor's Spas of England and Germany, treatise on Sudden 
 Death, <fcc., but lack space for their insertion. 
 
 Granville, Charles. Synopsis of the Troubles of 
 England during the last 1800 Years, 1747, 12mo. 
 
 Granville, Dennis. See GREENVILLE. 
 
 Granville, Greenville, or Grenville, George, 
 Viscount Lansdowne, 1667-1735, a son of Bernard Gran 
 ville, was educated at Trin. Coll., Camb., where he dis 
 played such extraordinary merit that he was created M. A. 
 at the age of thirteen. He subsequently wrote a number 
 of poems, dramatic pieces, some essays, and minor histo 
 rical treatises. 1. The Gallants, C., 1696, 4to. 2. Heroic 
 Love, T., 1698, 4to. 3. The Jew of Venice, C., 1701, 4to. 
 4. Peleus and Thetis, M., 1701, 4to. 5. The British Enchan 
 tress, D. P., 1706, 4to. 6. Once a Lover and always a 
 Lover, C., 1736, 12mo. 7. Poems on Several Occasions, 
 1712, Svo. 8. A Letter from a Nobleman abroad to his 
 Friends in England, 1722. In Lord Somers's Collection. 
 
 9. Genuine Works, in verse and prose, 1732, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 10. Letter to the Author of Reflections Historical and 
 Political, occasioned by a Treatise in vindication of Gene 
 ral Monk and Sir Richard Greenville, 1732, 4to. 
 
 " His works do not show him to have had much comprehension 
 from nature or illumination from learning. He seems to have 
 had no ambition above the imitation of Waller, of whom he has 
 copied the feults, and very little more." DR. SAML. JOHNSON : Life 
 of Granville. 
 
 " He imitated Waller; but, as that poet has been much excelled 
 since, a faint copy of a faint master must strike still less." HORACB 
 WALPOLE : R. & N. Authors. 
 
 Yet it seems that his lordship had poetry enough for a 
 nobleman, for great authorities thus laud his muse : 
 " Auspicious poet, wert thou not my friend, 
 How could I envy what I must commend; 
 But since 'tis Nature's law in love and wit, 
 That youth should reign, and withering age submit. 
 With less regret these laurels I resign, 
 Which, dying on my brows, revive on thine." 
 Dryden to Ijord Lansdowne on his " excellent tragedy," Heroic Lovf. 
 " Tis yours, my lord, to bless our soft retreats, 
 And call the Muses to their ancient seats; 
 To paint anew the flow'ry sylvan scenes, 
 To crown the forests with immortal greens ; 
 Make Windsor's hills in lofty numbers rise, 
 And lift her turrets nearer to the skies; 
 To sing those honours you deserve to wear, 
 And add new lustre to her silver star." 
 Pope's Dedication of Windsor Forest to " Granville the Polite." 
 
 Dr. Joseph Warton cites several of his lordship's trea 
 tises to prove that his prose style was far better than that 
 of his early contemporaries. See Biog. Brit.; Johnson's 
 and Chalmers's Poets, 1810; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; 
 Parke's Walpole's R. <fe N. Authors. 
 
 Granville, Sir Richard. See GRENVILLE. 
 
 Grascome, Samuel. Theolog. treatises, 1691-1707 
 
GRA 
 
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 Grassinean, James. A Musical Dictionary, Lon., | 
 1769. 
 
 Grattan, Rt. Hon. Henry, M.P., 1750-1820, a na- | 
 tive of Dublin, educated at Trinity College, in that city, j 
 entered the Irish Parliament in 1775, and distinguished 
 himself by his eloquent advocacy of the rights of his 
 country. For his services in procuring the repeal of the i 
 act which declared the legislative authority of the British 
 Parliament over Ireland, he was voted 50,000 (reduced 
 at his own request from 100,000) by the Irish legislature. 
 After the Union he represented Malton, and subsequently 
 the city of Dublin, in the Imperial Parliament. 1. Speeches 
 in the Irish and in the Imperial Parliament. Edited by 
 his son, Henry Grattan, Lon., 1822, 4 vols. 8vo. 2. Mis 
 cellaneous Works, 8vo. 3. Speeches ; with a Commentary 
 on his Career and Character, by D. 0. Madden, Dubl., 
 1845, 8vo. 4. Memoirs of his Life and Times, by his son, 
 Lon., 1839-45, 5 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " This truly valuable work will unquestionably form one of the 
 most important and interesting additions to our biographical and 
 historical literature that our own day has produced. It offers us 
 a complete history of Ireland during the period of Grattan's life 
 and the only efficient one which has yet been placed on record." 
 Lon. Naval and Military Gazette. 
 
 "The splendid success which has imprinted his name to all 
 ages upon the annals of his country, and the extraordinary merit 
 by which that distinction was gained and his life still further 
 Ulustrated in after-years, are by no means his highest praise. To 
 him may be applied, with perhaps but one exception, the affec 
 tionate and beautiful words of Cicero respecting his son-in-law 
 Piso: 
 
 '"Vereor, ne amore videar plura, quam fuerint in illo, dicere: 
 quod non ita est; alia enim de illo majora did possunt: nam nee 
 continentia. nee pietate, nee ullo genere virtutis quendam ejus- 
 dem aetatis cum illo conferendum puto.'" Edin. Rev., xxxviii. 
 48-84, q. v. 
 
 See also articles on Grattan in Blackwood's Mag., xlvi. 
 392, 529; Dubl. Univ. Mag., vii. 229; a review of his Mis 
 cellaneous Works in Lon. Month. Rev., xcix. 359; of his 
 Speeches in Lon. Month. Rev., xcviii. 113; a biographical 
 and critical notice, and some of his speeches, in C. A. 
 Goodrich's Select British Eloquence. 
 
 " Mr. Grattan was the sole person in modern oratory of whom 
 it could be said that he had attained the first class of eloquence 
 in two parliaments, differing from, each other in iheir tastes, 
 habits, and prejudices as much, probably, as any two assemblies 
 of different nations. The purity of bis life was the brightness of 
 his glory. . . . If I were to describe his character briefly, I should 
 say, with the ancient historian, that he was ' Vita innocentissimus, 
 ingenio florentissimus, proposito sanctissimus.' " SIB JAMES MACK 
 INTOSH. 
 
 " He was a man of singular candour and of great moderation ; 
 and, from his entrance into public life to the close of his illustrious 
 career, gave signal proofs of his moderation, of his extreme for 
 bearance, nay, of his gentleness." LORD BROUGHAM : Speech in 
 House of Commons. June 26. 1823. See also his lordship's charac 
 ter of Grattan, in his Lives of Statesmen of the Times of George 
 m. New ed., Lon. and Glasg., i. 335-342, 1855. 
 Grattan, Henry. See preceding article. 
 Grattan, P. R. Cases decided in the Supreme Ct. 
 of Appeals and the Genl. Ct. of Virginia, 1844-45, Rich 
 mond, 1845, 8vo. 
 
 Grattan, Thomas Colley, an Irish novelist, b. in 
 Dublin, in 1796, whose works have obtained considerable 
 celebrity, has spent much time on the continent of Europe, 
 and was from 1839 to 1853 British Consul at Boston, where 
 he wrote two of his most popular works. 1. Philibert; a 
 Poetical Romance, Bordeaux, 1819, r. 8vo; Lon., 8vo. 
 This tale is founded on the History of the false Martin 
 Guerre, reported in the Causes Celebres. 2. High-Ways 
 and By-Ways; or, Tales of the Road-Side, picked up in 
 the French Provinces, by a Walking Gentleman, 1823, 2 
 vols. p. 8vo ; 2d series, 1824, 3 vols. p. 8vo ; 3d series, 1827, 
 3 vols. p. 8vo. New eds. have been pub. 
 
 " Having thus amply allowed the author and his book to speak 
 for themselves, we have only to observe that the style is through 
 out sustained with equal vigour as in the above specimens ; and 
 we may safely pronounce this work to be executed in a manner 
 worthy of the patriotic motive which the author proposed to him 
 self in its composition the eradication of national prejudices." 
 Edin. Rev., xxxviii. 454-467 ; notice of 1st series. See Allan Cun 
 ningham's Biog. and Crit. Hist, of Lit. of the last Fifty Years. 
 
 3. Traits of Travel, 1829, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 4. The Heiress 
 of Bruges ; a Tale of the year Sixteen Hundred, 1830, 4 
 vols. New eds. in 1834, '49, in 3 vols. p. 8vo ; and also in 
 12mo. 
 
 "The general style is manly, animated, and characteristic, and 
 calculated to attract the attention of the literarv readers of the 
 continent, where the author has been long residing, as well as 
 those of his native land." Court Journal. 
 See also Westminster Rev., xiv. 146. 
 5. Hist, of the Netherlands to the Belgian Revolution in 
 1830, (Lardner's Cyc., vol. x.,) 1830, 12mo. 6. Hist, of 
 Switzerland, 12mo. 7. Men and Cities j or, Tales of Travel, 
 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 "Mr. Grattan has brought the imagination of the novelist to 
 the materials of the traveller: he has sat down by the hearth 
 he knows the home the habits of the people he describes." 
 Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 8. Jacqueline of Holland, 1842, '49, 12mo. 9. The 
 Master Passion, and other Tales, 1845, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 10. Chance Medley of Light Matter, 1845, 12mo. 11. Ag 
 nes de Mansfelt, 1847, '49, 12mo. 12. Legends of the 
 Rhine, 3 vols. p. 8vo ; 1849, 12mo. Mr. Grattan was also the 
 author of a pamphlet on the Northeastern Boundary Ques 
 tion (1842) between Great Britain and the United States. 
 Grattan, William, R. A., late Lieut. Connaught 
 Rangers, a cousin of the preceding, was present at nearly 
 all of the battles on the Peninsula. Adventures of the 
 Connaught Rangers, Lon., 1847, 2 vols. p. 8vo ; 2d series, 
 1852, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 "In this second series of the adventures of this famous regi 
 ment, the author extends his narrative from the first formation 
 of the gallant 88th up to the occupation of Paris. All the battles, 
 sieves, and skirmishes in which the regiment took part are de 
 scribed. . ^. . The work bears all the characteristics of a soldier's 
 straightforward and entertaining narrative." 
 Graunt, Edward. See GRANT. 
 Graunt, John, 1620-1674, a haberdasher of London, 
 of intelligence and research, gained great distinction by 
 his Natural and Political Observations upon the Bills of 
 Mortality, chiefly with reference to the Government, Re 
 ligion, Trade, Growth, Air, Diseases, &c. of the City of 
 London, Lon., 1662, 4to ; 6th ed., 1676, 8vo. Again, 1759, 
 4to. Edited by T. Birch. 
 
 "Sir William Petty was the chief director and author of a 
 
 piece published some time before by one John Graunt," &c. 
 Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib. 
 
 " He (Sir William Petty) is author of the ingenious deductions 
 from the bills of mortality which go under the name of Mr. 
 Graunt." Evelyn's Memoirs. 
 
 " This work is not only one of the earliest, but also one of the 
 best, of its class. It is said by Evelyn in his Memoirs, (i. 475, 
 4to ed.,) and by Dr. Halley in his paper referred to below, that Sir 
 William Petty was the real author of the Observations. But, 
 notwithstanding the deference due to their authority, it may be 
 doubted whether there be any good ground for this statement." 
 McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., where see this question discussed. 
 Wood says that the Observations were done upon certain, 
 hints and ndvice of Sir Will. Petty. 
 
 See Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Brit; Dodd's Church Hist.; 
 Pepys's Life and Diary. There is also ascribed to Graunt, 
 Reflections on the Bills of Mortality relative to the Plague, 
 1665, 8vo ; and he left some pieces in MS. 
 
 Graunt, John. Truth's Victory against Heresy, 
 Lon., 4to. 
 
 Grave, Christian. Morals and Politics, 1794, 8vo. 
 Grave, or Graves, George Ann. Memoirs of Joan 
 of Arc; from Du Fresnoy, <fec., Lon., 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Grave, John de. Gate of Tongues, Lon., 1633, 8vo. 
 Gravenor, Benjamin. See GROSVENOR. 
 Gravere, Julius de. A Treasury of Choice Medi 
 cines, Lon., 1662, 4to. 
 
 Graves, Mrs. A. J. 1. Women in America: their 
 Moral and Intellectual Condition, N. York, 1842, 18mo. 
 2. Girlhood and Womanhood; or, Sketches of my School 
 mates, Boston, 1844, 12mo. 
 
 Graves, George. 1 British Ornithology, Lon., 1811- 
 13, 2 vols. r. 8vo; 96 col'd plates. 2d ed., 1821, 3 vols. 
 8vo ; 144 col'd plates. 2. Naturalists', Ac. Pocket Guide ; 
 col'd plates, 1815, 8vo. 3. Ovarium Britannicum, 1815, r. 
 8vo. 4. Hortus Medicus, 4to. 
 
 Graves, Rev. John. Hist, and Antiq. of Cleveland 
 in the North Riding of Yorkshire, Carlisle, f808, 4to. 
 
 Graves, John. Bahama Islands, Lon., 1789, 4to. 
 See Rich's Bibl. Arner. Nova, i. 356. 
 
 Graves, R., and Ashton J. Whole Art of Tachy- 
 graphy; or, Short-Hand Writing, York, 1775, 12mo. 
 
 Graves, Richard, 1715-1804, a native of Gloucester 
 shire, Rector of Claverton, near Bath, and of Kilmersdon, 
 was author of a number of popular works, now generally 
 forgotten. Among the best-known are The Festoon, or 
 Collection of Epigrams ; Lucubrations in Prose and Verse, 
 pub. under the name of Peter Pomfret; The Spiritual 
 Quixote; Eugenius, or Anecdotes of the Golden Bull; 
 Columella, or the Distressed Anchoret; Plexippus, or the 
 Aspiring Plebeian; political pieces, under the name of 
 Euphrosyne; Sermons on various subjects; Recollections 
 of Shenstone; translations from Antoninus, Herodian, 
 Xenophon, &c. His last publication was The Invalid, 
 with the obvious means of enjoying Life by a Nonagena 
 rian. His most popular work, often reprinted, was The 
 Spiritual Quixote; which was intended as a satire on the 
 itinerant and illiterate preachers among the Methodists. 
 The subject was hardly a suitable one for a divine; nor, 
 indeed, for any one else. 
 
GRA 
 
 Graves, Richard, D.D., 1763-1829, a native of Kil- 
 finane, Limerick, was educated at Trin. Coll., Dublin, of 
 which he became Fellow in 1786; Dean of Ardagh, 1813; 
 and Regius Prof, of Divinity in the University. He pub. 
 a number of sermons and theological works, of which we 
 particularly notice 1. Essay on the Character of the 
 Apostles and Evangelists; designed to prove that they 
 were not Enthusiasts, Lon., 1799, 8vo. 
 
 " A book which deserves to be consulted." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 2. Lects. on the 4 last Books of the Pentateuch. These 
 Lects. were delivered at the Donellan Lecture, 1797-1801. 
 They were originally pub. in 2 vols. 8vo, 1807. Three 
 Lectures were added to the second and subsequent edits. 
 Last ed., 1846, 8vo. Few works of the kind are more 
 highly esteemed. 
 
 " This is a work of learning and merit. Dr. Graves examines 
 very minutely the authenticity and truth of the Mosaic history, 
 and the theological and moral principles of the Jewish law ; and 
 replies, at great length, to the most plausible objections. With 
 Dr. Geddes, in particular, he maintains a very determined conflict, 
 and exposes, very successfully, the infidel reasonings of that arro 
 gant writer. He also frequently combats Le Clerc and Warburton." 
 Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " Indispensably necessary to the biblical student." Home's Bibl. 
 Bib. 
 
 " The work of Dr. Graves is truly invaluable, and we cannot but 
 strongly advise every student in divinity to get it up (as it is 
 called) in preparing for his ordination." British Critic. 
 
 "The late excellent Bishop Lloyd, in his latter years, made it 
 one of the text-books of his private divinity lectures." Lowndes's 
 Brit. Lib. 
 
 "Much important information; deficient in evangelical truth." 
 Bickersteth's Cliris. Stu. 
 
 An Epitome of this work will be found in Dr. J. B. 
 Smith's Compendium of Rudiments in Theology, Lon., 
 1836, 12mo. 
 
 3. XXV. Serms. on Prac. Subjects, 1830, 8vo. 
 
 "The parent may read them with profit to his children, the 
 scholar may peruse them with delight in his study. They are 
 spirit-stirring appeals, which the sinner will find it difficult to re 
 sist, and the saint impossible to condemn." Lon. Chris. Remem 
 brancer. 
 
 4. Select Scriptural Proofs of the Trinity, 1840, 8vo. 
 5. Whole Works, now first collected; with life by his son, 
 Richard Hastings Graves, D.D., Rector of Brigown, Dio 
 cese of Cloyne, 1840, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " The duty has been undertaken by his son, and executed in a 
 manner creditable to his hereditary talents and piety." Dubl. 
 Univ. Mag., xvii. 634-645, q. v. ; and see Eraser's Mag., xxiv. 76. 
 
 Graves, Capt. Richard, R.N. Case of the Author 
 rel. to his non-promotion in 1801, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Graves, Robert, M.D. Med. works, Lon., 1792-97. 
 
 Graves, Robert J., M.D., Prof, of the Institutes of 
 Med. in the School of Physic, Trin. Coll., Dublin. Clinical 
 Lectures on the Practice of Medicine. Edited by Dr. 
 Neligan, Dubl., 1843, 8vo ; 2d ed., 1848, 2 vols. 8vo. Third 
 Amer. ed., by W. W. Gerhard, M.D., Lect. on Clin. Med. in 
 the Univ. of Penna., Phila., 8vo. 
 
 " No practitioner of medicine should be without it, since there 
 is scarcely a disease to which the human frame is liable which does 
 not receive in it some illustration, direct or incidental; and as a 
 guide to practice, especially when difficulties arise, it will be found 
 a most useful work for reference." Brit, and For. Med. Rev. 
 
 "By his death the Irish school has lost one of its brightest orna 
 ments ; one whose labours had made his name familiar in every 
 European and American school." Dubl. Times and Gazette. 
 
 Graves, Samuel. Political treatises, 1814, &c. 
 
 Gravius, anglice, GREAVES. , 
 
 Gray, Alexander, M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 1787. 
 
 Gray, Alonzo, b. 1808, at Townshend, Vermont, 
 formerly Prof, of Chemistry and Natural Philos. in Phil 
 lips Academy, Andover, Mass. 1. Elements of Chemis 
 try, Andover, 1841, 12mo; 40th ed., newly revised and 
 greatly enlarged, N. York, 1853, 12mo. 
 
 " An exceedingly judicious arrangement of the facts of Chemis 
 try. Its consecutive order is lucid and logical. It indicates a 
 mind accustomed to teach as well as to study. It seems to me to 
 hold a happy medium between the brevity which only obscures the 
 subject, and the copious details of works too elaborate and minute 
 for the general student." The late Dr. Griscom, of Burlington, N. J. 
 
 2. Elements of Scientific and Practical Agriculture, 
 Andover, 1842, 12mo. 3. Elements of Natural Philos.. 
 N. York, 12mo. 
 
 " Extremely well adapted to the purposes of elementary instruc 
 tion." PROF. ELIAS LOOMIS, New York University. 
 
 "Well suited to win the confidence of the public and to sustain 
 the reputation of the author." REV. LYMAN COLEMAN, D.D. 
 
 4. In conjunction with C. B. Adams, Elements of Geo 
 logy, 1852, 12mo. 
 
 " It presents the Outlines of European and American Geology 
 in a concise form." National Era. 
 
 Gray, Andrew, a Puritan divine of Glasgow. 1. XL 
 Communion Serms., and a Letter to Lord W., Edin., 1616, 
 8vo; Lon., 1679, 8vo. 2. Whole Works, Glase., 1762, 8vo ; 
 Falkirk, 1789, 8vo. 
 
 GRA 
 
 Gray, Andrew, D.D., of Abernethy. 1. Delineation 
 of the Parables, <fcc., Edin., 1777, 1814, 8vo. 
 
 " This is a very sensible work on the Parables. It is free from 
 that fanciful and licentious mode of treating the allegorical parts 
 of Scripture in which many writers, with a show of piety, have 
 most improperly indulged." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " This Delineation will be of great use to the reader in the study 
 of the parables of Jesus, and will enable him to comprehend their 
 full force and meaning. The author has explained and illustrated 
 them with perspicuity, and pointed out the several important in 
 structions that may fairly be deduced from them." Lon. Month 
 Rev., O. S., Ivii. 196. 
 
 2. Serm., 1763, 8vo. 3. Serin., 1768, 8vo. 
 
 Gray, Andrew. 1. The Experienced Millwright, 
 Edin., 1804, '06, 4to. 2. Plough-Wright's Assist., 1808, 
 8vo. 3. Spinning Machinery, 1819, 8vo. 
 
 " The author much excelled in the construction of ploughs of the 
 swing kind, to be drawn by two horses." Donaldson's Agricult. 
 Biog. 
 
 Gray, Ann Thomson. The Twin Pupils ; or, Edu 
 cation at Home, Lon., 1852, fp. 8vo. 
 
 "More sound principles and useful practical remarks we have 
 not lately met in any work on the much-treated subject of educa 
 tion." Lon. Lit. Gazette. 
 
 "A volume of excellent tendency, which may be put with safety 
 and advantage into the hands of well-educated young people." 
 Lon. Evangel. Mag. 
 
 Gray, Asa, M.D., Fisher Prof, of Natural History at 
 the University of Cambridge, Massachusetts, b. at Paris, 
 Oneida county, New York, Nov. 18, 1810 ; took the degree 
 of M.D. at Fairfield College, 1831, but relinquished the 
 medical profession for the purpose of prosecuting the 
 study of botany ; appointed botanist to the U. States Ex 
 ploring Expedition, 1834, but, in consequence of the delay 
 of that enterprise, resigned his post in 1837 ; elected Prof, 
 of Botany in the University of Michigan, and, before that 
 institution went into operation, elected to his present 
 situation in 1842. In addition to his lectures at the Uni 
 versity, he has delivered three courses of Lowell Lectures 
 in Boston. In the prosecution of his botanical studies, he 
 visited Europe, 1838-39 and in 1850-51. See Men of the 
 Time, N. York, 1852. The reputation of this distin 
 guished gentleman is too widely extended to render any 
 commendation upon our part at all necessary. 
 
 1. Elements of Botany, 1836. 2. Botanical Text-Book, 
 N. York, 1842, 12mo; 4th ed., 1853, sm. 8vo; 5th ed., 
 1858 : see No. 6. 
 
 " We congratulate the friends of natural science upon the elec 
 tion of a person of so much zeal and ability as this book discovers 
 to the chair of botany in the University of Cambridge." G. B. 
 EMERSON: review of 1st ed. in N. Amer. Rev., Ivi. 192-207, q.v. 
 
 And see a review of 2d ed. (1845, 12mo) in N. Amer. 
 Rev., Ixi. 254-258, IxviL 174-193. See also Amer. Jour, 
 of Sci., 2d Ser., v. 377. 
 
 " The most compendious and satisfactory view of the vegetable 
 kingdom which has yet been obtained in an elementary treatise. 
 Remarkable for its correctness and perspicuity." Silliman's Jour. 
 
 This excellent work has been a text-book in the Uni 
 versity of Edinburgh, and is so used in Harvard University 
 and other American colleges. 
 
 3. Genera of Plants of the U. States; illustrated by Isaac 
 Sprague, N.Y., 1848-49, 2 vols. r. 8vo. A^valuable work. 
 
 "The design of this work is to illustrate the botany of the United 
 States by figures, with full analyses of one or more species of each 
 genus, accompanied by descriptive generic characters and critical 
 observations. The figures are in all cases drawn directly from 
 nature." Preface. 
 
 4. Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States, 
 Bost., 1848, 12mo ; 2d ed., N. York, 1856, sm. 8vo. 5. 
 Botany of the U. States Pacific Exploring Expedition 
 under Captain Wilkes, 1854, 4to, with atlas of 100 plates, 
 1857, imp. fol. A separate edition of 150 copies printed 
 for sale. 6. The following six works constitute Dr. Gray's 
 School Series, revised, rearranged, and pub. in 1858. I. 
 How Plants Grow: Botany for Young People, sm. 4to. 
 II. Lessons in Botany, with Drawings from Nature. III. 
 Manual of Botany, for Analysis and Classification. IV. 
 Manual and Lessons, in 1 vol. V. Manual, with Mosses, 
 <fcc. VI. Structural and Systematic Botany ; a revised ed. 
 of Botanical Text-Book, 1300 drawings. 7. In conjunc 
 tion with John Torrey, M.D., A Flora of North America. 
 This work, the first portion of which was issued in 1838, 
 is pub. in numbers. It will form 3 vols. 8vo. For an in 
 teresting sketch of Dr. Gray's labours, comprising a notice 
 of Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 7, recorded above, we refer the reader 
 to an article by Mr. J. Carey, in the N. Amer. Rev., Ixvii. 
 174-193 ; also see N. Amer. Rev., Oct. 1858. In addition 
 to his published vols., Dr. Gray has contrib. many valuable 
 papers to the Amer. Jour, of Science and Arts; Annals of 
 
 ! the Lyceum of Nat, Hist, N.York; Memoirs of the Amer. 
 
 Acad. of Arts and Sciences, Boston ; Jour, of the Boston 
 
 i Society of Natural History : Sir W. J. Hooker's Jour, of 
 
 723 
 
GRA 
 
 GRA 
 
 Botany, London; Journal of the Linna?an Soc., London; 
 Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge ; N. Amer. Rev. 
 
 The intelligent, self-denying, and persevering labours 
 of Dr. Gray have imposed upon his countrymen obliga 
 tions of no ordinary character. It is by such works that 
 credit is acquired abroad and education extended at home. 
 
 Gray, Charles, Capt., R. N. 1. Poems and Songs, 
 Lon., 1811, cr. 8vo ; 2d ed., 1815, 12mo. 2. Lays and 
 Lyrics, 1842, fp. 8vo. 
 
 'Captain Gray strikes the Scottish harp with a bold and skilful 
 hand, producing tones in accordance with the universal song of 
 Nature which will not readily be forgotten." Caledonian Mer 
 cury. 
 
 Gray,Chris. Cat. of Trees and Shrubs, Lon, 1740, 8vo. 
 
 Gray, Dionis. His Storehouse of Breuitie in Woorkes 
 of Arithmetick, Lon., 1586, 8vo and 16ino. 
 
 Gray, Edward Whitaker, M.D., 1748-1807, Secre 
 tary to the Royal Society, and keeper of the departments 
 of Natural Hist, and Antiq. in the Brit. Museum. Con. on 
 nat. hist, and nat. philos. to Phil. Trans., 1788, '89, '95, '96. 
 
 Gray, Francis Calley, LL.D., 1790-1856, b. in 
 Salem, Mass., a member of the Bar, distinguished for ex 
 tensive literary attainments, a son of Lt.-Gov. William 
 Gray, and a native of Salem, Mass., graduated at Harvard 
 College in 1809, and was subsequently private secretary to 
 John Quincy Adams in his mission to Russia. He resided 
 in Boston until his decease, and filled several important 
 public positions, having been a representative, a senator, 
 and a member of the governor's council. 
 
 Mr. Gray's publications are as follows: 
 
 1. Address to the Massachusetts Charitable Fire Society 
 at their annual meeting, Oct. 10, 1817. 2. Discourse at 
 Plymouth, Mass., on the 199th anniversary of the landing 
 of the Pilgrims, Dec. 22, 1819. 3. Report of the Committee 
 of Merchants and others of Boston on the Tariff, Oct. 2, 
 1820. The Resolutions appended were drawn by Mr. 
 Webster. 4. Letter to Gov. Lincoln on Harvard University, 
 April 16, 1831. 5. Oration before the Legislature of Mass., 
 on the 100th Anniversary of the birth of Washington, 
 Feb. 22, 1832. 6. Discourse before the American Institute, 
 Aug. 23, 1832. 7. Speech in the House of Representatives 
 of Mass., on the bill to abolish capital punishment, March 
 19, 1836. 8. Poem before * B K Society at Cambridge, 
 Aug. 27, 1840. 
 
 " The spirit of the composition is thoroughly patriotic and Ame 
 rican, and this we rejoice to see; for Mr. Gray is deeply read in 
 the literature of Europe, and knows, by personal observation, what 
 there is attractive in foreign associations and foreign modes of 
 life. His mind is richly stored with various and accurate know 
 ledge, gathered by study and travel; and he can judge, if any 
 man can, what sources of poetical inspiration are to be found in 
 American history and scenery as compared with Europe. The 
 glowing strain that patriotic feeling dictates to so enlightened a 
 mind as Mr. Gray's cannot fail to make a strong impression." 
 N. Amer. Rev., lii. 262-265. 
 
 9. Oration before the * B K Society of Providence, 
 R. I., Sept. 7, 1842. 10. Remarks on Early Laws of 
 Mass., with the "Body of Liberties" of 1641, not before 
 printed, Mass. Hist. Collections, 3d series, vol. viii. 191, 
 Dec. 22, 1842. The MS. from which this was printed was 
 discovered by Mr. Gray. 11. Prison Discipline in Ame 
 rica, Bost., 1847, 8vo. 
 
 Articles in the North American Review : 
 
 1. Translation of Sadolet's Laocoon, vol. ii., p. 199, Jan. 
 
 1816. 2. Address before the 4> B K, vol. iii., p. 289, 
 Sept. 1816. 3. Imitation of Goethe, " Know'st thou the 
 land," vol. iv., p. 201, Jan. 1817. 4. Giustiniani's account 
 of an ancient cemetery in Naples, vol. v., p. 119, May, 
 
 1817. 5. Visit to the Elizabeth Islands, vol. v., p. 313, 
 Sept. 1817. 6. Time and Pleasure, vol. v., p. 341, Sept. 
 1817. 7. Review of Maccbiavelli, vol. v., p. 344, Sept. 
 1817. 8. Cuvier's Theory of the Earth and Dana's Mine 
 ralogy : Systems of Geology, vol. viii., p. 396. 9. Nov- 
 anglus and Massachusettensis : Beginning of American Re 
 volution, vol. ix., p. 376, Sept. 1819. 10. Addresses of Phila. 
 Society : Foreign Commerce and Domestic Industry, vol. 
 x., p. 316, April, 1820. 11. Constitution of Massachusetts, 
 voL xi., p. 359, Oct. 1820. 12. Raymond's Political 
 Economy, vol. xii., p. 443, April, 1821. 13. Botta's Ame 
 rican Revolution, vol. xiii., p. 169, July, 1821. 14. Europe, 
 by a Citizen of the U. S., vol. xv., p. 177, July, 1822. 
 15. Jay's Treaty Free ships, free goods Rule of 1756, 
 vol. xvii., p. 142, July, 1823. 16. America, by the author 
 of Europe, vol. xxv., p. 169, July, 1827. 
 
 Translations in Longfellow's Poetry of Europe : From 
 
 Dante Beatrice, p. 524 : " flowers," 6th line from end, a 
 misprint; should be " spirits." From Boccaccio Sonnet 
 on Dante, p. 534. From Manzoni II Cinque Mageio p 
 614, On the Death of Napoleon. 
 724 
 
 Mr. Gray's defence of the Congregate System elicited 
 auxiliary articles in the North American Review for 
 January, 1848, and the Christian Examiner for the fol 
 lowing month. Mr. Gray's volume, and the subject gene 
 rally, were ably reviewed in a work entitled An Inquiry 
 into the alleged tendency of separation of Convicts one 
 from the other to produce Disease and Derangement. By 
 a Citizen of Pennsylvania, Phila., 1849, 8vo. The author 
 of this work is Mr. Frederick A. Packard, formerly a 
 member of the Massachusetts Legislature, for many years 
 past a resident of Philadelphia. A notice of a work upon 
 the subject of prison-discipline in which many good men 
 now take a warm interest will be found in our article on 
 BUXTON, SIR THOMAS FOWELL. 
 
 Gray, George Robert, Senior Assist, in the Zoolo 
 gical Department, Brit. Museum. 1. A List of the Genera 
 of Birds ; 2d ed., Lon., 1841. 2. The Genera of Birds, com 
 prising their Generic Characters. Illustrated with Figures 
 by D. W. Mitchell, Lon., 1837-49, 3 vols. imp. 4to, 31 10*. 
 This work contains 371 plates, (186 plain and 185 col'd.) 
 The only similar work which has ever been pub. is Vieil- 
 lot's Galerie des Oiseaux, in 1825, which is now so far 
 behind the improved state of the science that it is valuable 
 only as a collection of figures. Gray's and Mitchell's 
 splendid work has elicited enthusiastic commendation : 
 
 "Among the great works, G. K. Gray's Genera of Birds takes 
 undeniably the first place." SUNDEVAL: Report to the Academy of 
 Stockholm. 
 
 "This is a work which no library ought to be without : no zoo 
 logist who wishes to keep up his knowledge of the present state 
 of Ornithology can dispense with its possession." Wiegm. Archiv 
 fur Naturg, 1844. 
 
 " We have a work before us which ranks among the most dis 
 tinguished in Ornithology ; which, in scientific importance and 
 practical usefulness, leaves all similar works far behind." HART- 
 LAUB : Ms, 1846, p. 903. 
 
 "The working naturalist will hail with gratitude the work, 
 which supplies him with a ready index to the whole subject of 
 Ornithology. . . . This beautiful and elaborate work will tend 
 greatly to advance our knowledge of Ornithology : no public and 
 private museum can be scientifically arranged without its aid." 
 Jardine's Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 
 
 Mr. Gray was a contributor to the English ed. of 
 Cuvier's Animal Kingdom, and is the author of several 
 entomological publications, etc. 
 
 Gray, Mrs. Hamilton, is the author of several popu 
 lar works, of which the best-known are 1. A Tour to the 
 Sepulchres of Etruria in 1839,Lon.,1840,p.8vo ; 3d ed.,1843. 
 
 " Mrs. Gray's sepulchral picture-gallery has no intervals of daub 
 or vacancy. She has won an honourable place in the large as 
 sembly of modern female writers." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 "As a more particular illustration of what is the highest pride 
 of modern English civilization the union of genuine learning 
 and genuine refinement we may once more name Mrs. Hamilton 
 Gray's Sepulchres of Etruria." Miss RIGBY: Lon. Quar. Rev., 
 Ixvi. 105. 
 
 See DENNIS, GEORGE. 
 
 2. The History of Etruria, 1843-44, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 "The reading world will peruse Mrs. Gray's works, which are 
 
 open to all, in their native elegance, with the deepest interest." 
 For. and Col. Quar. Rev. 
 
 " A work which we strongly recommend as certain to afford 
 pleasure and profit to every reader." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 3. Hist, of Rome for Young Persons, 1847, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 " A very ingenious attempt to bring the recent discoveries of the 
 
 critical school into working competition with the miserable Gold 
 smiths and Piunocks of our youth." Lon. Chris. Remembrancer. 
 
 " Even as a mere reading-book, very interesting and authentic." 
 Lon. Guardian. 
 
 " Here we have any thing but a dry detail of names, dates and 
 facts, such as is too often to be met with in brief compilations." 
 Lon. Athenaeum,, 
 
 4. Emperors of Rome, from Augustus to Constantino. 
 Being a Continuation of the Hist, of Rome for Young 
 Persons, 1850, 12mo. 
 
 " It may be recommended as a clear, rapid, and well-arranged 
 summary of facts, pointed by frequent but brief reflections." 
 Lon. Spectator. 
 
 "A striking characteristic of the book is the impartiality of its 
 political tone and its high moral feeling." Lon. Examiner. 
 
 Gray, Henry, Lect. on Anat. at St. George's Hospital. 
 
 1. Structure and Use of the Spleen, Lon., 1854, p. 8vo. 
 
 2. Anatomy, Descript. and Surgical, 1858, r. 8vo, pp. 782. 
 Gray, Horace, Jr. Reports of Cases argued and 
 
 determined in the Supreme Judicial Ct. of Massachusetts, 
 1854 ; Bost., 1855-56, 2 vols. 8vo. Mr. Gray is the suc 
 cessor, as reporter, to Judge Cushing. 2. Supp. to Revised 
 Statutes of Mass., 1855, vol. ii., 1855, r. 8vo. See CUSH 
 ING, LUTHER STEARNS. 
 
 Gray, Hugh. Letters from Canada, 1806-08, Lon., 
 1809, '14, 8vo. 
 
 Gray, J. T. 1. Exercises in Logic, designed for the 
 use of Students in Colleges, Lon., 1845, 12mo. 
 
 "Admirably adapted to be used as a class-book, accompanied by 
 
GRA 
 
 the Instructions of an able teacher. The examples are numerous 
 and well chosen. We think such a work as this was much wanted. 
 The plan and general execution are excellent." Lon. Eclectic 
 Review. 
 
 2. Immortality : its Real and Alleged Evidences; 2d ed., 
 1848, 8vo. 
 
 "We read this work hefore; we have re-perused it now with a 
 high sense of its ability." ion. Evangelical Christendom. 
 
 Gray, James. Measures of Scotland compared with 
 those of England : Ess. Phys. and Lit., 1754. 
 
 Gray, James. Selecta Latine, Edin., 12mo. 
 
 "We consider this to be a most useful and valuable compila 
 tion, and have no hesitation in recommending it very highly to 
 Teachers." Lit. and Statistical Mag. 
 
 Gray, James. Introduction to Arithmetic ; 58th ed., 
 Lon., 1850, Svo. 
 
 Gray, James A., Rector of Dibden, Hants. The 
 Earth's Antiquity in Harmony with the Mosaic Record 
 of Creation, Lon., 1849, '51, sm. 8vo. 
 
 Gray, Mrs. James. See BROWNE, MARY ANNE. 
 
 Gray, Mrs. Jane L., b. about 1800, is a daughter 
 of Wm. Lewers, Esq., of Castle Blayney, Ireland, (of 
 which town Mrs. G. is a native,) and the wife of the Rev. 
 John Gray, D.D., pastor of the First Presbyterian Church 
 in Easton, Pennsylvania. Her poems, entitled Sabbath 
 Reminiscences, Two Hundred Years Ago, and Morn in 
 imitation of Night, by James Montgomery are among 
 the best specimens of modern poetical composition. See 
 Griswold's Female Poets of America. 
 
 Gray, John. 1. Gunnery, Lon., 1731, 8vo. 2, Peru 
 vian or Jesuits' Bark; Phil. Trans., 1737. 
 
 Gray, John. 1. Land Measuring, Glasg., 1757, '59, 
 8vo. 2. Inland Navigations, Lon., 1768, 8vo. 
 
 Gray, John. 1. Poems, Lon., 1770, 8vo. 2. Poems, 
 trans, and original, Dundee, 1778, 8vo. 
 
 Gray, John. Dr. Price on Civil Liberty, Lon., 
 1777, 8vo. 
 
 " While we allow his merit as a politician, we must condemn 
 his asperity." Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 Gray, John, LL.D. Political treatises, Lon., 1800, '02. 
 
 Gray, John. Preservation of the Teeth,Lon.,1842,18mo. 
 
 " Interesting and useful to every medical practitioner, the heads 
 of families, and those who have the care of children." 
 
 Gray, John. 1. The Social System ; a Treat, on the 
 Principle of Exchange, Lon., 8vo. 2. Lects. on the Nature 
 and Use of Money, 1848, 8vo. 
 
 " With the view of endeavouring to stimulate, in however slight 
 a degree, the existing spirit of inquiry into the validity of the 
 Monetary System of this Country, the Author of these Lectures 
 will give a Premium of one hundred guineas to whomsoever shall 
 be able to produce the Best Keply to, and before a Competent and 
 Impartial Tribunal to Refute, his Arguments." Advertisement. 
 
 Here is a rare opportunity for political economists : we 
 believe that the prize is still open for competition. 
 
 Gray, John. 1. Country Attorney's Practice, <fcc. ; 
 6th ed., Lon., 1845, 12mo. 2. Country Solicitor's Prac 
 tice; 4th ed., 1845, 12mo. 1 Jurist, 314; 3 Leg. Obs., 501. 
 
 Gray, John C. An Oration pronounced before the 
 Society of Phi Beta Kappa at Cambridge, August 30, 1821. 
 Subject The Present Condition and Prospects of Ameri 
 can Literature. See N. Amer. Rev., xiii. 478-490, 1821. 
 
 Gray, John Edward, Ph.D., head of the Nat, Hist, 
 department of the Brit. Museum. 2d ed. of Turton's Land 
 and Fresh-Water Shells of the Brit. Islands, Lon., 1849, 
 p. 8vo. Mr. G. was associate editor (with John Richard 
 son, M.D.) of the Zoology of the Voyage of H.M. Ships 
 Erebus and Terror, 1839-43, 1844, r. 4to, and wrote Pt. 1 
 of the Zoology of H.M. Ship Sulphur, 1843-45, r. 4to. 
 For a list of his scientific papers, memoirs, <fec., about 500 
 in number, we refer to the Bibliog. of Zoology and Geo 
 logy. See also Eng. Cyc., Biog., vol. iii., 1856, 175. 
 
 Gray, John H. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1842, <fcc. 
 
 Gray, Jonathan. Hist, of the York Lunatic Asylum, 
 York, 1814, 8vo. 
 
 Gray, Nicholas. See GREY. 
 
 Gray, Robert, D.D., 1762-1834, a native of London, 
 educated at Eton and St. Mary Hall, Oxford, became 
 Vicar of Farringdon, Berkshire; Rector of Craike, York- 
 Bhire, 1802 ; removed by Bishop Barrington to the living 
 of Bishop Wearmouth, Durham; Preb. of Durham, 1804; 
 Bishop of Bristol, 1827. His principal works are the 
 following: 1. Key to the Old Test, and the Apocrypha, 
 Lon., 1790, 8vo ; 9th ed., Lon., 1829, 8vo. Much enlarged 
 and improved. 10th ed., with Percy's Key to the N. Test., 
 1841, Svo. Pub. by Rivington, Lon. This is a correct 
 edition. There is an ed. in print without the author's 
 last additions. 
 
 " This is a very convenient and useful book, combining a large 
 portion of valuable information and discriminative learning. It 
 was designed as a companion to Percy's Key to the New Testa 
 ment, but is much fuller than that work. Both are likely to be 
 
 GRA 
 
 superseded by the more extensive work of Mr. Hartwell Home." 
 Orme't Bibl. Bib. See HORNE, THOMAS HARTWELL, D.D. 
 
 " Dr. Gray has diligently consulted and brought together a 
 great mass of information from the writings of the fathers, the 
 antient ecclesiastical historians, and original authorities which 
 are not accessible to the generality of students. Bp. Mant and 
 Dr. D'Oyley have liberally availed themselves of Dr. G.'s researches 
 in their commentary on the Holy Scriptures." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 See Bishop Marsh's Lectures on Divinity. 
 
 2. Letters written during a Tour through Germany, 
 Switzerland, and Italy in 1791-92, 1794, 8vo. 3. Ten 
 Discourses on Various Subjects, illustrative of the Evi 
 dence, Influence, and Doctrines of Christianity, 1793, 
 8vo 
 
 " Some of the subjects here selected by the author are among 
 those which appear to him to have been less frequently consi 
 dered, under this form, than their importance merits." Preface. 
 
 " Mr. Gray has well supported the previous fame acquired by 
 his Key to the Old Testament, and has ably elucidated some diffi 
 cult points, particularly the much-controverted doctrine of the 
 Millennium." British Critic. 
 
 4. Connexion between the Sacred Writings and the 
 Literature of the Jewish and Heathen Authors, <fcc., 
 1816, '19, 8vo. 
 
 " This is a work of a much higher order than the former, dis 
 covering profound and elegant learning, and considerable talents 
 for elucidating the minute and obscure allusions both of sacred 
 and profane literature." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 "Indispensably necessary to the biblical student who cannot 
 command access to all the classic authors." Home's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 An Analysis of the Connexion will be found in the 
 British Critic, N. S., xiii, 316. 
 
 5. Josiah and Cyrus the two great objects of Divine 
 Notice in the Scheme of Revelation, 1833, 12mo. 
 
 Gray, S. The Happiness of States; or, An Inquiry 
 concerning Population, Ac., 1815, 4to. Other works. 
 
 Gray, Samuel Frederick. 1. Arrangement of Brit. 
 Plants, 1821, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Elements of Pharmacy and 
 Materia Medica, Svo. 3. Operative Chemist, 1823, Svo. 
 4. Supplement to the Pharmacopoeia, by Redwood, 1847, 
 Svo; 2d ed., 1848. 
 
 " This is a work of great and general utility. To the practitioner 
 and retail druggist it must prove extremely useful ; indeed, to 
 them it is almost indispensable." Lon. Med. Repository. 
 
 Gray, Stephen. Con. on Astronomy and Nat. Philos. 
 to Phil. Trans., 1696, '99, 1701, '03, '20, '31, '32, '35. 
 
 Gray, Thomas. See GREY. 
 
 Gray, Thomas, Dec. 26, 1716-July 30, 1771, the 
 celebrated author of the Elegy written in a Country 
 Church-yard, was a native of Cornhill, London, in which 
 city his father followed the occupation of a money- 
 scrivener. The latter was a man of violent passions and 
 brutal manners, and it was to his excellent mother that 
 the future poet was indebted for those opportunities of 
 education which he enjoyed, first at Eton School, and 
 subsequently (1734-38) at Peter-house, Cambridge. In 
 1738 he returned to London, with the intention of pursu 
 ing the study of the law. He was soon discouraged, how 
 ever, by the difficulties of the preliminary branches, and 
 not unwilling to accede to his friend Horace Walpole's 
 request to accompany him on a tour on the continent. 
 "In the study of the law," says Gray in a letter to West, 
 "the labour is long, and the elements dry and uninterest 
 ing; nor was there ever anybody (especially those that 
 afterwards made a figure in it) amused, or even not dis 
 gusted, at the beginning." In such a frame of mind, the 
 invitation to visit the classic land of Italy, in company 
 with the lively Horace, must have been received with no 
 little delight. 
 
 In the spring of 1739 the travellers left London, and 
 continued together until 1741, when they parted at Reg- 
 gio, after many unhappy disputes, for which Walpole, 
 according to his own confession, was most to blame. At 
 a later period of life their friendly relations were renewed 
 in consequence of Walpole's amicable overtures, which 
 were received in a proper spirit by the poet. 
 
 In September, 1741, Gray returned to London, and in 
 1742 took his degree at Cambridge of Bachelor of Civil 
 Law. His father was now dead, and he resolved to settle 
 permanently at Cambridge ; and, with the exception of 
 occasional trips to Wales, Scotland, and the Lakes of 
 Westmoreland, and a three years' residence in London, for 
 convenience of access to the British Museum, he resided 
 in this place for the balance of his life. In 1756, in con 
 sequence of the annoyance which he experienced from the 
 "rudeness and boisterous practical jokes of some riotous 
 young men in the same college building," he removed 
 from Peter-house, which was endeared by the acquaint 
 ance of more than twenty years, to Pembroke-hall, where 
 now resided some of his intimate friends. In 1757 he 
 declined the office of Poet-Laureate, vacated by the 
 
 725 
 
GRA 
 
 death of Gibber. In 1762 he made an unsuccessful appli 
 cation for the professorship of Modern History at Cam 
 bridge, worth 400 per annum; but this post was con 
 ferred upon him by the Duke of. Grafton in 1768. For 
 this act of kindness his Grace was rewarded by Gray's 
 Ode on the Installation of the Duke of Grafton to the 
 Chancellorship of the University of Cambridge, to which 
 he was elected in 1769. The duties of his professorship 
 were practically neglected by the new incumbent, although 
 he taught the languages by proxy, and contemplated the 
 delivery of a course of lectures, the preparation of which 
 was cut short by his death. On the 24th of July, 1771, 
 while at dinner in the college-hall, he was seized with 
 gout in the stomach, which proved fatal on the evening 
 of the 30th of the same month. 
 
 A detailed account of the literary life and literary dreams 
 of this ripe scholar and estimable man his warm friend 
 ships, his embarrassing sensitiveness, and the magnificent 
 visions of immortal labours which haunted his mind but 
 never saw the light will not be expected in the narrow 
 limits to which we are confined. In the biographies of 
 Johnson, Mathias, Chalmers, Mason, Mitford, and of Henry 
 Reed, prefixed to his edit, of the Poems of Gray pub. by 
 Henry C. Baird, Phila., 1850, 12mo, and in the letters, 
 Ac. of Walpole, Nicholls, Forbes, Boswell, Bowles, Beattie, 
 and other notices of the men of the times in which the poet 
 lived, will be found sufficient to gratify the curiosity and 
 delight of the most enthusiastic of his admirers. 
 
 It now becomes our duty to lay before the reader the 
 opinions of a number of eminent critics upon the merits 
 of the principal productions of an author who must always 
 occupy an exalted rank among the greater poets of Eng 
 land. 
 
 1. Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College. Written 
 in 1742; pub. in 1747, fol. 
 
 " The Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College is more me 
 chanical and commonplace [than the Elegy in a Country Church 
 yard] ; but it touches on certain strings about the heart, that 
 vibrate in unison with it to our latest breath. No one ever passes 
 by Windsor's 'stately heights,' or sees the distant spires of Eton 
 College below, without thinking of Gray. He deserves that we 
 should think of him; for he thought of others, and turned a 
 trembling, ever-watchful ear to ' the still sad music of humanity.' " 
 HazlitPs Lectures on the Eng. Poets. 
 
 Of Dr. Johnson's comments on this Ode it is enough to 
 quote the first six lines as a specimen of the hypercriticism 
 in which this great writer sometimes unwarrantably in 
 dulges : 
 
 " The Prospect of Eton College suggests nothing to Gray which 
 every other beholder does not equally think and feel. His suppli 
 cation to Father Thames, to tell him who drives the hoop or tosses 
 the ball, is useless and puerile. Father Thames has no better 
 means of knowing than himself." Life of Gray. 
 
 This undignified sneer has been well rebuked by Mr 
 Mitford : 
 
 " Are we by this rule of criticism to judge the following passage 
 in the twentieth chapter of Rasselas ? ' As they were sitting to 
 gether, the princess cast her eyes on the river that flowed before 
 her : " Answer," said she, " great Father of Waters, thou that rolles 
 thy floods through eighty nations, to the invocation of the daughter 
 of thy native king. Tell me, if thou waterest, through all thy 
 course, a single habitation from which thou dost not hear the mur 
 murs of complaint ?" ' ' 
 
 This is an admirable specimen of the argumentum. cr< 
 Tiominem. But, if Dr. Johnson has unduly appreciated thi 
 Ode, a later authority, of no contemptible rank, has per 
 haps greatly overrated it : 
 
 "Gray has, in his ode on Eton College, whether we consider th 
 sweetness of the versification or its delicious train of plaintive ten 
 derness, rivalled every lyric effort of ancient or modern times." 
 DR. DRAKE : Literary Hours. 
 
 2. Ode on Spring. Written in 1742. 
 
 " His ode On Spring has something poetical, both in the languag 
 and the thought; but the language is too luxuriant, and th 
 thoughts have nothing new." DR. JOHNSON : Life of Gray. 
 
 3. Hymn to Adversity. Written in 1742. 
 
 "The hint was at first taken from ' Diva, gratum quae regi 
 Antium;' but Gray has excelled his original by the variety of hi 
 sentiments, and by their moral application. Of this piece, at one 
 poetical and rational, I will not, by slight objections, violate th 
 dignity." DR. JOHNSON : Life of Gray. 
 
 4. Elegy written in a Country Church-yard. Commence 
 in 1742, revised from time to time, and completed in 1749 
 pub. by Dodsley in Feb. 1751. There is a tradition tha 
 the Elegy was composed in the "precincts of the Churc 
 of Granchester, about two miles from Cambridge; and th 
 curfew is supposed to have been the great bell of S 
 Mary's." 
 
 The popularity of this exquisite composition was iminc 
 diate and extensive. Gray himself tells the story in 
 note on the margin of a manuscript copy of the Eleg 
 preserved at Cambridge among the poet's papers : 
 
 " Published in Feb. 1751, by Dodsley, and went thro' four ed 
 726 
 
 GRA 
 
 ons in two months; and afterwards a 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th, 9th, 
 th. and llth ; printed also in 1753 with Mr. Bentley's Designs, of 
 hich there is a 2d edition, and again by Dodsley in bis Miscellany, 
 )1. iv., and in a Scotch collection call'd Vie Union, translated into 
 atin by Chr. Anstey, Esq., and the Rev. Mr. Roberts, and pub- 
 sh'd in 1762 ; and again in the same year by Rob. Lloyd, M.A." 
 The reader is, of course, an ardent admirer of the Elegy, 
 nd therefore will not be displeased to read the enthusiastic 
 ncomiums which have been lavished upon it by critics 
 ho have earned a right to be heard with respect: 
 "It is a poem which is universally understood and admired; 
 ot only for its poetical beauties, but alsu, and perhaps chiefly, for 
 s expressing sentiments in which every man thinks himself in- 
 erested. and which at certain times are familiar to all men." 
 R. BEATTIE. 
 
 " Had Gray written nothing but his Elegy, high as he stands, I 
 m not sure that he would not stand higher; it is the corner-stone 
 f his glory. . . . Gray's Elegy pleased instantly and eternally." 
 ORD BYRON. 
 
 The eulogy of General Wolfe is almost too well known 
 
 o bear repetition. The night before the attack on Quebec, 
 
 n which he lost his life, he declared to his fellow-soldiers 
 
 Now, gentlemen, I would rather be the author of that 
 
 oem than take Quebec." 
 
 I know not what there is of spell in the following simple line : 
 
 ' The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep ;' 
 ut no frequency of repetition can exhaust its touching charm, 
 'his fine poem overcame even the spiteful enmity of Johnson, 
 nd forced him to acknowledge its excellence." SIR S. EGERION 
 JRYDGES : Imaginative Biography. 
 
 The remark "spiteful enmity of Johnson" is in very 
 ad taste, and moreover very unjust; but Sir Egerton was 
 ot the most amiable of mortals. Johnson's commendation 
 f the Elegy is hearty, enthusiastic, and gladly accorded : 
 " In the character of his Elegy I rejoice to concur with the com 
 mon reader; for by the common sense of readers, uncorrupted with 
 iterary prejudices, after all the refinements of subtility and the 
 ogmatism of learning, must be finally decided all claim to poetical 
 lonours. The Church-yard abounds with images which find a 
 mirror in every mind, and with sentiments to which every bosom 
 eturns an echo. The four stanzas beginning 'yet even these 
 )ones,' are to me original : I have never seen the notions in any 
 )ther place; yet he that reads them here persuades himself that 
 le has always felt them. Had Gray written often thus, it had 
 >een vain to blame and useless to praise him." Life of Gray. 
 
 Yet there is much truth in the remark of a modern critic? 
 ;hat the Elegy owes its popularity not altogether to "the 
 strain of thought:" 
 
 "There is a charm in metre, as there is in music; it is of the 
 same kind, though the relation may be remote; and it differs less 
 n degree, perhaps, than one who has not an ear for poetry can be- 
 leve. . . . Gray's Elegy owes much of its popularity to its strain of 
 verse; the strain of thought alone, natural and touching as it is, 
 would never have impressed it upon the hearts of thousands and 
 tens of thousands, unless the diction and metre in which it was 
 embodied had been perfectly in unison with it. Beattie ascribed 
 its general reception to both causes, [see above.] . . . Neither cause 
 would have sufficed for producing so general and extensive and 
 permanent an effect, unless the poem had been, in the full import 
 3f the word, harmonious." Southey's Life of Cowper. 
 
 " Gray's Pindaric Odes are, I believe, generally given up at pre 
 sent, [not so ;] they are stately and pedantic ; a kind of methodical 
 borrowed phrensy. But I cannot so easily give up, nor will the 
 world be in any haste to part with, his Elegy in a Country Church 
 yard; it is one of the most classical productions that ever was 
 penned by a refined and thoughtful mind moralizing on human 
 life. Mr. Coleridge (in his Literary Life) says that his friend Mr. 
 Wordsworth had undertaken to show that the language of the 
 Elegy is unintelligible: it has, however, been understood!" 
 Hazlitt's Lectures on the English Poets. 
 
 " Of smaller poems, the Elegy of Gray may be considered as the 
 most exquisite and finished example in the world of the effect 
 resulting from the intermixture of evening scenery and pathetic 
 reflection." Drake's Literary Hours. 
 
 This is a specimen of the censurable extravagance of 
 which enthusiasm is so often guilty. Had Mr. Drake 
 read all the poetry of this species " in the world ?" and, if 
 so, (of course an impossibility,) did his memory retain 
 it with such faithfulness as to enable him to make the 
 comparison with the results of which he favours us ? 
 
 In a similar strain of hyperbole, Mr. Mathias assures 
 us that, as a poet, Gray is " second to none." 
 
 Such exaggeration is in very bad taste. We shall see, 
 before we have done with our examination of Gray's 
 poetry, that this is not the only instance in which Mr. 
 Mathias's enthusiasm has caused the critic to degenerate 
 into the rhapsodist. 
 
 An interesting subject connected with the Elegy is the 
 number of translations of it which have been made in 
 various languages. And here we cannot do better than 
 quote an extract from the biography of Gray already 
 referred to by our valued and lamented friend, the late 
 Professor Henry Reed : 
 
 "One peculiar and remarkable tribute to the merit of The 
 Elegy is to be noticed in the great number of translations which 
 have been made of it into various languages, both of ancient and 
 modern Europe. It is the same kind of tribute which has been 
 rendered to ' Robinson Crusoe' and to ' The Pilgrim's Progress,' 
 
GRA 
 
 GRA 
 
 and is proof of the same universality of interest, transcending 
 the limits of language and of race. To no poem in the English 
 language has the same kind of homage been paid so abundantly. 
 Of what other poem is there a polyglott edition? Italy and Eng 
 land have competed with their polyglott editions of ' The Elegy :' 
 Torri's, bearing the title, 'Elegia di Tomasso Gray sopra un Cimi- 
 tero di Campagna, tradotta dell Inglese in piu lingue. Verona, 
 1817 ; Livorno, 1843 ;' and Yan Voorst's London edition. 
 
 " The following list of the translations will perhaps best illus 
 trate this unwonted tribute to a poet's genius : 
 
 "Hebrew, by G. Venturi, an eminent Italian Oriental scholar, 
 who in his version limited himself to use of words, and, as far as 
 possible, phrases, found in the Old Testament. 
 
 "Greek, by Professor Cooke, Cambridge, 1775 ; Dr. Norbury, Eton, 
 1793; Bishop Sparke, London, 1794 ; Dr. Coote, London, 1794; Ste 
 phen Weston, London, 1794 ; Edward Tew, London, 1795; and 
 the Epitaph alone, by J. Plumtree, 1795; and the Elegy by 
 Cyprianio. 
 
 "Latin, by Robert Lloyd, 1762; W. H. Roberts, Cambridge, 
 1762, and London, 1778 ; Signer Gio. Costa, Padua, 1772 ; Gilbert 
 Waketield, Cambridge, 1776; Christopher Anstey, London, 1778; 
 Anonymous, Cambridge; S. N. E.. London, 1824; W. Hilyard; J. 
 H. Macauley, in the ' Arundines Cami ;' G. F. Barbieri ; Ben del 
 Bene ; G. Venturi. 
 
 "Italian, by M. Cesarotti, Padua, 1772; G. Gennari, Padua, 
 1772; Dr. Giannini, London, 1782 ; G. Torelli, Verona, 1776; D. 
 Trant. (prose ;) M. Lastri; A.Buttura; P. Baraldi ; M. Castellazi ; 
 Elisabetta Sesler Bond, (prose;) M. Leoni; L. Mancini; Cavaz- 
 zoca D. Gregori, Rome, 1821. 
 
 "Portuguese, by Boulard. 
 
 "French, by De Berchere, Hookham, 1778 ; L. D. Chatham, 1806 ; 
 Anonymous, (prose,) Paris, ' an vi. ;' LeTourneur, Dubois, Cabanis, 
 Chenier, Fayolle, Kerivalant, Grenus, Charrin, Le Mierre, Vil- 
 leneuve, Fontanes, Chateaubriand. 
 
 "German, by Gotter, Gotha, 1788; Seume, Riga, 1801; Kose- 
 garten, 1798; Mason; Miiller; Ruphrecht. 
 
 " This list is compiled from several authorities, but chiefly from 
 an article selected from a German miscellany for ' The Literary 
 World,' New York, Oct. 1849 ; and from several communications 
 to that novel and useful periodical, ' Notes and Queries,' London, 
 1850." 
 
 An interesting account of the sale of the Library of 
 Gray (27th Nov., 1845) will be found in the Gentleman's 
 Magazine for January, 1846, 29-33. From another 
 authority we quote a graphic description of the sale of 
 the original manuscript of the Elegy : 
 
 " The original manuscript of Gray's Elegy was lately sold at 
 auction in London. There was really ' a scene' in the auction- 
 room. Imagine a stranger entering in the midst of a sale of some 
 rusty-looking old books. The auctioneer produces two small half- 
 sheets of paper, written over, torn, and mutilated. He calls it 'a 
 most interesting article,' and apologizes for its condition. Picker 
 ing bids ten pounds! Rodd, Foss, Thorpe, Bohn, Holloway. and 
 some few amateurs quietly remark, twelve, fifteen, twenty, twenty- 
 five, thirty, and so on, till there is a pause at sixty-three pounds! 
 The hammer strikes. ' Hold !' says Mr. Foss. ' It is mine,' says 
 the amateur. ' No, I bid sixty-five in time.' ' Then I bid seventy.' 
 Seventy-five,' says Mr. Foss; and fives are repeated again, until 
 the two bits of paper are knocked down, amidst.a general cheer, to 
 Payne & Foss, for one hundred pounds sterling ! On these bits of 
 paper are written the first drafts of the Elegy in a Country Church 
 yard, by Thomas Gray, including five verses which were omitted 
 in publication, and with the poet's interlinear corrections and 
 alterations, certainly an 'interesting article;' several persons 
 supposed it would call for a ten-pound note, perhaps even twenty. 
 A single volume, with ' W. Shakspeare' in the fly-leaf, produced, 
 sixty years ago, a hundred guineas; but probably, with that ex 
 ception, no mere autograph, and no single sheet of paper, ever 
 produced the sum of Jive hundred dollars!" 
 
 The purchaser of this precious MS. was Mr. Penn, of 
 Stoke Pogis, who also purchased the MS. of The Long 
 Story, for 45. The MS. of the Elegy was sold in Au 
 gust, 1854, to Mr. Wrightson, of Birmingham, for 131. 
 See Gent. Mag. for Sept. 1854, 272. At this sale the en 
 tire collection of Gray MSS. sold for 418 7. See also 
 the London Athenaeum, 1854, 941, 696. 
 
 5. The Alliance of Education and Government : an un 
 finished ethical poem of 107 lines; commenced in 1748. 
 The first fifty-seven lines of this poem were transmitted 
 by Gray to Dr. Wharton : 
 
 "I fill my paper with the beginning of an essay; what name to 
 give it I know not ; but the subject is the Alliance of Education 
 and Government : I mean to show that they must both concur 
 to produce great and useful men." 
 
 Of this poem Dr. Johnson remarks 
 
 " The fragments which remain have many excellent lines." 
 Life of Gray. 
 
 But these "excellent lines" elicited a warmer com 
 mendation from the historian of the Decline and Fall of 
 the Roman Empire : 
 
 " Instead of compiling tables of chronology and natural history, 
 why did not Mr. Gray apply the powers of his genius to finish the 
 philosophic poem of which he has left such an exquisite speci 
 men?" 
 
 Mr. Nicholls put the same question to Gray himself, 
 and the poet gave a prompt and frank response to the 
 query : see Nicholls's Reminiscences of Gray. 
 
 6. Ode to Vicissitude. The fragment to which this title 
 was given was written in 1754. 
 
 " Sir Egerton Brydges, through whose multifarious works there 
 
 is scattered much fine appreciation of both the strength and the 
 weakness of Gray's character, has spoken of this poem as the 
 ' sublime lyrical fragment on Vicissitude,' ' in which' (he adds) ' I 
 do not hesitate to pronounce the following stanza among the most 
 perfect specimens which the poetry of any country can produce : 
 ' Yesterday the sullen year 
 
 Saw the snowy whirlwind fly; 
 Mute was the music of the air; 
 The herd stood drooping by : 
 Their raptures now that wildly flow, 
 No yesterday nor morrow know ; 
 'Tis man alone that joy descries 
 With forward and reverted eyes.' " 
 
 HENRY REED : Memoir of Gray. 
 
 7. The Progress of Poesy ; a Pindaric Ode. Completed 
 in 1755. 8. The Bard ; a Pindaric Ode. Commenced in 
 1755. Both 7 and 8 were printed at the Strawberry-Hill 
 Press, by Horace Walpole, in 1757, 4to. 
 
 "I found Gray in town last week. He brought his two odes to 
 be printed. I snatched them out of Dodsley's hands, and they 
 are to be the first-fruits of my press." WALPOLE. 
 
 The Pindaric Odes were not popular : they were neg 
 lected by the public and laughed at by the wits, nay, 
 openly burlesqued by George Colman the elder, and 
 Robert Lloyd, in the odes To Obscurity and To Oblivion, 
 the first intended for Gray and the second for Mason : 
 
 " Little did the two wits think how small, in comparison with 
 Gray, they would appear in the eyes of posterity; and that The 
 Bard, which was then neglected by the public, would, in the 
 course of the next generation, become the most popular ode in the 
 English language." SOUTHEY : Life of Cowper. 
 
 But Colman, in his Miscellaneous Works, pub. in 1787, 
 amply vindicates Lloyd and himself against the charge 
 of ill-nature. 
 
 The best proof of their want of adaptation to the public 
 comprehension and taste is the fact of their general neglect. 
 Dr. Johnson describes them as 
 
 " Two compositions at which the readers of poetry were at first 
 content to gaze in mute amazement. Some that tried them con 
 fessed their inability to understand them, though Warburton 
 said that they were understood as well as the works of Milton and 
 Shakspeare, which it is the fashion to admire. Garrick wrote a 
 few lines in their praise. Some hardy champions undertook to 
 rescue them from neglect; and in a short time many were content 
 to be shown beauties which they could not see." Life of Gray. 
 Read the whole of this critique. 
 
 Walpole admired the Odes greatly, but admitted their 
 unpopularity : 
 
 " ' You are very particular,' he remarks to Montague, ' in liking 
 Gray's Odes; but you must remember the age likes Akenside and 
 did like Thompson ! Can the same people like both ?' " 
 
 Mr. Forster thinks that Walpole's admiration was rather 
 extravagant : 
 
 " Two noble productions, it must surely be admitted, whatever 
 of cavil can be urged against them: though not to be admired as 
 Walpole admired." Life of Goldsmith. 
 
 Gray himself draws an amusing picture of the public 
 distaste : 
 
 " Even my friends tell me they (the Odes) do not succeed, and 
 write me moving topics of consolation on that head. In sMort, I 
 have heard of nobody but an actor [Garrick] and a doctor of 
 divinity [Warburton] that profess their esteem for them. Oh yes I 
 a lady of quality, (a friend of Mason's,) who is a great reader. She 
 knew there was a compliment to Dryden, but never suspected 
 there was any thing said about Shakspeare or Milton, till it was 
 explained to her, and wishes that there had been titles prefixed 
 to tell what they were about." Letter to Mr. Hurd, afterwards 
 Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry. 
 
 Forster remarks that Gray might have added to the 
 admirers of the Odes "the poor monthly critic of The 
 Dunciad." 
 
 The "poor monthly critic" thus referred to was no less 
 a person than Oliver Goldsmith, then a hack-writer for 
 Griffith. See our life of GOLDSMITH, in this volume. 
 
 The original review lies before us now, and we would 
 fain quote from it copiously, to show both the merits of 
 the reviewer and his hearty and intelligent appreciation 
 of his author. As for us, we never read six lines of Gold 
 smith either his poetry or his prose without finding our 
 rather familiar fondness for the man awed into admiring 
 respect for the writer. Where, excepting in the epigram 
 matic conciseness which distinguishes some of his descrip 
 tions of national characteristics in his poem of The Tra 
 veller, shall we find so exquisite and faithful a miniature 
 of a whole people as in the following lines? 
 
 " He speaks to a people not easily impressed with new ideas, 
 extremely tenacious of the old; with difficulty warmed, and as 
 slowly cooling again. How unsuited then to our national cha 
 racter is that species of poetry which rises upon us with unex 
 pected flights! where we must hastily catch the thought, or it 
 flies from us ; and, in short, where the Reader must largely par 
 take of the Poet's enthusiasm in order to taste of his beauties." 
 Review of Odes by Mr. Gray, Lon. Month. Rev., xvii. 239-243; Sept. 
 
 The critic proceeds to declare that certain passages of 
 The Bard, which he cites, 
 " Will give as much pleasure to those who relish this species of 
 
GRA 
 
 GRA 
 
 composition as any thing that has hitherto appeared ia our lan 
 guage, the odes of Dryden himself not excepted." 
 
 " His Odes did not, nor yet do they, please like his Elegy." 
 LORD BYRON. 
 
 We have already quoted with dissent a disparaging 
 comment on the Odes, by Hazlitt, and promised to quote 
 a eulogy, from the extravagance of which we also dissent, 
 by Mr. Mathias : 
 
 "There is not another ode in the English language which is 
 constructed like these two compositions ; with such power, such 
 majesty, and such sweetness, with such proportioned pauses and 
 just cadences, with such regulated measures of the verse, with 
 such master-principles of lyrical art displayed and exemplified, 
 and, at the same time, with such a concealment of the difficulty, 
 which is lost in the softness and uninterrupted flowing of the 
 lines in each stanza, with such a musical magic that every verse 
 in it in succession dwells on the ear and harmonizes with that 
 which has gone before." 
 
 Much of the above, considered as description, is undoubt 
 edly true j perhaps all of it is true : but this lavish use of 
 superlatives which has, unfortunately for the interests of 
 legitimate criticism, become so common this ''best in the 
 language," " the best in any language," " unrivalled," 
 "unsurpassed" is our special aversion. It is generally 
 ignorance and vulgarity, always arrogance and bad taste. 
 No writer is "the best," no woman "the handsomest," no 
 man " the wittiest," no gallant " the most polite :" or, if 
 so in fact, it can never be established by demonstration. 
 
 9. Ode on the Installation of the Duke of Grafton to the 
 Chancellorship of the University of Cambridge. Written 
 in 1769. Pub. 1769, 4to. 
 
 " I thought myself bound in gratitude to his grace, unasked, to 
 take upon me the task of writing these verses, which are usually 
 set to music, on this occasion. I do not think them worth sending 
 you, because they are by nature doomed to live but a single day ; 
 or, if their existence is prolonged beyond that date, it is only by 
 means of newspaper parodies and witless criticisms. This sort of 
 abuse I had reason to expect, but did not think it worth while to 
 avoid." Gray to Beattie. 
 
 This Ode has also been rewarded by the praises of critics 
 of no ordinary authority. Mr. Ilallam dwells with pleasure 
 upon 
 
 "That beautiful stanza where he has made the founders of 
 Cambridge to pass before our eyes like shadows over a magic 
 glass." Constit. Hist, of Eng. 
 
 " I think there is something very majestic in Gray's Installation 
 Ode." COLERIDGE. 
 
 10. Letters of Gray, written at various times to West, 
 Walpole, Wharton, Mason, Nicholls, and Bonstetten. 
 These comprise all of his letters, with the exception of 
 about twenty. They are his chief prose compositions, 
 and certainly support the theory that the best poets are 
 also the best writers of prose. 
 
 "I once thought Swift's letters the best that could be written, 
 but I like Gray's better. His humour, or his wit, or whatever it 
 is to be called, is never ill-natured or offensive, and yet, I think, 
 equally poignant with the Dean's." COWPER. 
 
 " He that reads his epistolary narration wishes that to travel 
 and to tell his travels had been more of his employment; but it 
 is by studying at home that we must obtain the ability of travel 
 ling with intelligence and improvement." DR. JOHNSON : Life of 
 Gray. 
 
 "I am acquainted with many parts of your excursion through 
 the north of England, and very glad that you had my old friend 
 Mr. Gray's Letters with you, which are indeed so well written 
 that I have no scruple to pronounce them the best letters that 
 have been printed in our language. Lady Montagu's are not 
 without merit, but are too artificial and affected to be confided in 
 as true, and Lord Chesterfield's have much greater faults, indeed, 
 some of the greatest that letters can have : but Gray's letters are 
 always sensible, and of classical conciseness and perspicuity. 
 They very much resemble what his conversation was." DR. 
 BEATTIE : Letter to a Friend. 
 
 " His letters are inimitably fine. If his poems are sometimes 
 finical and pedantic, his prose is quite free from affectation. 
 He pours his thoughts out upon paper as they arise in his mind ; 
 and they arise in his mind without pretence or constraint, from 
 the pure impulse of learned leisure and contemplative indolence. 
 He is not here on stilts or on buckram, but smiles in his easy-chair 
 as he moralizes through the loopholes of his retreat on the bustle 
 and raree-show of the world, or 'those reverend bedlams colleges 
 and schools.' He had nothing to do but to read and think, and to 
 tell his friends what he read and thought. His life was a luxu 
 rious, thoughtful dream." HAZLITT : Lectures on the English Poets. 
 When there is so much to be done in this world, so 
 much ignorance to be instructed, error to be rectified, vice 
 to be reformed, and impiety to be extirpated and misery 
 to be consoled, we envy not that man who has no better 
 record to meet him on the Great Day than that "his life 
 was a luxurious, thoughtful dream." 
 
 But to continue our quotations respecting Gray's Letters : 
 
 "Delightful indeed are these Letters: evincing the taste of a 
 virtuoso, the attainments of a scholar, and the gaiety of a classical 
 wit." DIBDIN: Lib. Cbmp. 
 
 " Read Gray's Letters on his Tour to the Lakes. He saw little 
 and that little hastily ; but what he did see he sketched with the 
 
 n inimitably. The touches with which he occasionally gives 
 and spirit to the delineation are exquisite. Yet in Gray's 
 
 pen 
 life 
 
 prose, as in his verse, there is something affected ; and his wit, 
 though very refined and pure, has the air of being forced. The 
 description of the sunrise (Let. 6) is incomparably fine." GREEN : 
 Diary of a Lover of Lit. 
 
 Having thus noticed the principal productions of Gray, 
 we presume that the reader will be gratified by some quo 
 tations respecting the general characteristics of an author 
 so justly distinguished in the Republic of Letters. 
 
 " Perhaps he was the most learned man in Europe. He was 
 equally acquainted with the elegant and profound parts of science, 
 and that not superficially, but thoroughly. He knew every branch 
 of history, both natural and civil; had read all the original histo 
 rians of England, France, and Italy ; and was a great antiquarian. 
 Criticism, metaphysics, morals, politics, made a principal part of 
 his study; voyages and travels of all sorts were his favourite 
 amusements; and he had a fine taste in painting, prints, archi 
 tecture, and gardening." REV. WM. TEMPLE: Letter to James Bos- 
 wett. 
 
 The grandiloquent phrase " the most learned man in 
 Europe" is very observable. What were Mr. Temple's 
 opportunities and capacity for gauging all the learning 
 of all Europe? But upon this fault of exaggeration we 
 have already descanted at length, here and elsewhere, in 
 the present volume. 
 
 Gray undoubtedly possessed some knowledge of archi 
 tecture. In our article on EDWARD BENTHAM we have 
 taken occasion to correct an error respecting Gray's sup 
 posed share in the History of Ely Cathedral. 
 
 "I am sorry you did not see Mr. Gray on his return. You 
 would have been much pleased with him. Setting aside his merit 
 as a poet, which, however, in my opinion, is greater than any of 
 his contemporaries can boast, in this or any other nation, I found 
 him possessed of the most exact taste, the soundest judgment, 
 and most extensive learning." DR. BEATTIE : Letter to a Friend. 
 
 " What has occurred to me from the slight inspection of his 
 Letters in which my undertaking has engaged me is, that his mind 
 had a large grasp; that his curiosity was unlimited and his judg 
 ment cultivated; that he was a man likely to love much where he 
 loved at all, but that he was fastidious and hard to please. His 
 contempt, however, is often employed, where I hope it will be ap 
 proved, upon scepticism and infidelity. ... He has a kind of strut 
 ting dignity, and is tall by walking on tiptoe. His art and his 
 struggle are too visible, and there is too little appearance of ease 
 and nature. 
 
 "To say that he has no beauties would be unjust: a man like 
 him, of great learning and great industry, could not but produce 
 something valuable. When he pleases least, it can only be said 
 that a good design was ill directed. His translations of Northern 
 and Welsh Poetry deserve praise ; the imagery is preserved, per 
 haps often improved; but the language is unlike the language of 
 other poets." DR. JOHNSON : Life of Gray. 
 
 The " fastidiousness" and effeminacy of the poet would 
 appear to have formed prominent points in his character: 
 
 "There is no character without some speck, some imperfection; 
 and I think the greatest defect in his was an affectation in delicacy, 
 or rather effeminacy, and a visible fastidiousness, or contempt and 
 disdain of his inferiors in science." REV. WILLIAM TEMPLE : Letter 
 to James Soswett. 
 
 " His faculties were endowed with uncommon strength ; he 
 thought with a manly nervousness; and he penetrated forcibly 
 into every subject which engaged his attention. But his petty 
 manners were disagreeably effeminate and fastidious; his habits 
 wanted courage and hardiness; and his temper and spirits were a 
 prey to feebleness, indolence, and trivial derangements. His heart 
 was pure; and his conduct, I firmly believe, stained with no crime. 
 He loved virtue for its own sake, and felt a just and never-slack 
 ened indignation at vice. But the little irritations of his daily 
 temper were too much affected by trifles ; he loved to assume the 
 character of the fine gentleman, a mean and odious ambition in 
 any one, but scarcely to be forgiven in a man of genius! He 
 would shrug his shoulders and distort his voice into fastidious 
 tones, and take upon himself the airs of what folly is pleased to 
 call high company." SIR S. EGERTON BRYDGES : Traits in the Literary 
 Character of Gray the Poet : Ce.ns. Lit., ed. 1815, viii. 216-221, q. v. 
 
 But Mason remarks in Gray's defence that his effemi 
 nacy was affected most 
 
 " Before those whom he did not wish to please; and that he is 
 unjustly charged with making knowledge his sole reason of pre 
 ference, as he paid his esteem to none whom he did not likewise 
 believe to be good." 
 
 "There has always appeared to me an effort and elaboration in 
 Gray's compositions very remote from the general spirit of poetical 
 effusion. They are exquisite pieces of mosaic, curiously wrought, 
 of the rarest precious gems; but in which we vainly look for the 
 bold design, free handling, and glowing excellencies of a great 
 painter." GREEN: Diary of a Lover of Lit. 
 
 As regards the success of Gray in his efforts to imitate 
 the poetry of the classical age, there can be but little room 
 for debate : that this success has been unduly exaggerated 
 is no matter of surprise. Indiscriminate eulogy is treason 
 to the object of our adoration; and had Gray's frienda 
 been less fervid Dr. Johnson had been less frigid. 
 
 Mason could not well have said more when he announced, 
 as a dictum of undoubted truth, 
 
 "No more the Grecian Muse unrivall'd reigns; 
 To Britain let the nations homage pay : 
 She boasts a Homer's fire in Milton's strains, 
 A Pindar's rapture in the Lyre of Gray." 
 
 Perhaps there will be thought to be something of exag- 
 
GRA 
 
 GRA 
 
 geration in the glowing eulogy of an eminent authority of 
 our own day : 
 
 " Gray, whose burning thoughts had been condensed in words 
 of more than classic beauty." SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON : Hist, of 
 Europe. 
 
 Probably some modern Akenside, devoted to the worship 
 of the ancients, would write on the margin of this dictum, 
 dele " more than" 
 
 Certain it is that, notwithstanding the vehement protests 
 of Gray's modern admirers, the reputation of their favour 
 ite's Pindaric Odes received a fatal blow on the day when 
 Johnson's Lives of the English Poets were given to the 
 world. To quote the words of a modern critic of great 
 taste and refinement, 
 
 " The Lyrical crown of Gray was swept away at one fell swoop by 
 the ruthless arm of Dr. Johnson. That the Doctors celebrated 
 critique was unduly severe must be admitted; but the stern cen 
 sor had truth on his side, nevertheless. There is more of Art than 
 Nature in Gray; more of recollection than invention; more of 
 acquirement than genius. If I may use a colloquial illustration, 
 I should say that the marks of the tool are too evident on all that 
 he does." Neele's Lectures on English Poetry. 
 
 Lord Jeffrey, in a review of Weber's edition of Ford's 
 Works, see our biography of FORD, remarks: 
 
 " After Young there was a plentiful lack of poetical talent, down 
 to a period comparatively recent. Akenside and Gray, indeed, in 
 the interval, discovered a new way of imitating the antients; and 
 Collins and Goldsmith produced some small specimens of exquisite 
 and original poetry." Edin. Rev., xviii. 282. 
 
 But it was not alone the poets of classical antiquity 
 which engaged the studious attention of Gray. Philoso 
 phy, also, had its claims acknowledged by him. His com 
 ments on Plato elicited the ardent admiration of no less a 
 scholar than Dr. Parr: 
 
 " When I read the poet Gray's observations on Plato, published 
 by Mr. Mathias, my first impulse was to exclaim, ' Why did not 
 I write this?' Gray alone possesses the merit of avoiding the 
 errors into which other commentators have fallen; there are no 
 fine-spun observations no metaphysical absurdities in Gray." 
 Field's Life of Parr. 
 
 But we must not further lengthen a long article. It is 
 time that we had noticed some of the editions of an author 
 who has now not unpleasantly, we trust so long engaged 
 the attention of our reader. 
 
 1. Ode to Eton College, Lon., 1747, fol. 2. Elegy written 
 in a Country Church-yard, 1751. The translations of this 
 Elegy into other languages have already been considered 
 at length. Of the many beautiful illustrated edits, we 
 may be permitted to notice that of Van Voorst, of London, 
 with 33 Illustrations, 1839, 8vo ; (Mr. Van V. has also pub. 
 in 1837, 8vo an edit, of The Bard, with Illustrations from 
 drawings by the Hon. Mrs. J. Talbot;) the edit, illustrated 
 by the London Etching Club, 1847, fol. ; the one illumi 
 nated by Owen Jones, 1846, r. 8vo ; and the edit, illustrated 
 by Birket Foster and others, 1853, cr. 8vo; 2d ed., 1854. 
 3. Poems, with designs by R. Bentley, 1753, r. 4to. These 
 designs were executed at the suggestion of Horace Wai- 
 pole, by his friend Richard Bentley: see the name in this 
 Dictionary. Gray repaid the compliment by his Stanzas 
 to Mr. Bentley. 4. Odes. Printed at Strawberry Hill, 
 1757, 4to. 1000 copies. 5. Poems, Lon., 1768, 12mo. 
 6. Ode at the Installation of the Duke of Grafton, Cam 
 bridge, 1769, 4to. 7. Poems, Dubl., 1771, 4to. This beau 
 tiful edit, was 
 
 "Published to remove the reproaches which Ireland has long 
 laboured under for bad printing." Thomas Swing's (the printer) 
 dedication to the Et. Hon. Sam. Oliver, Esq. ' 
 
 8. Poems, with Memoirs of his Life and Writings, by 
 W. Mason, York, 1775, 4to ; 1778, 4 vols. cr. 8vo ; Lon., 
 1789, 4to. Also pub. in 2 vols. 8vo, 2 vols. p. 8vo, and 
 1807, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " Reluctant indeed should I be to dismiss these pages to the 
 world without not only the mention, but the strong recommen 
 dation, of Mason's Life of Gray, 1775, 4to, with a portrait of that 
 eminent poet prefixed. I should rather perhaps call this book 
 Gray's Memoir of Himself, as the biography is composed chiefly of 
 the poet's own letters. . . . The neatest and best edition of Mason 
 is that printed in 1778, at York, in 4 vols. crown 8vo, worth about 
 24s.; but of all the portraits of Gray, I consider that prefixed to 
 the quarto as decidedly the best." Dibdin's Lib. Comp. 
 
 "The taste, the zeal, the congenial spirit of Mr. Mason certainly 
 produced, though with some faults, arising principally from want 
 of erudition, one of the most elegant and classical volumes in the 
 English language." Lon. Quar. Rev., xi. 304. 
 
 9. Poems, 1775, fol. 10. Latin Odes in English Verse, 
 Ac., 1776, 4to. 11. Poetical Works, with Notes by Gilbert 
 Wakefield, 1786, 8vo. 
 
 " Looked through Wakefield's Notes on Gray's Poems. His style 
 is wonderfully luxuriant, and he seems perfectly to enter into and 
 feel the spirit of the poet whom he criticises. The fertility too 
 with which he discovers similitudes is marvellous; but if Johnson 
 is penurious in his praise of Gray, Gilbert M'akefield, I think, is 
 
 lavish Against Johnson, Waketield is severe, even to virulence 
 
 and there is a sentiment at the close of the annotations on the Bardj 
 at which I revolt with disgust : ' If at any time we feel ourselves 
 
 dazzled by Dr. Johnson's bright and diffusive powers of under 
 standing, we may turn for relief to his criticisms on Gray, his 
 Prayers, and Meditations.'" Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit. 
 
 12. Poetical Works, Glasg., 1787, fol. 13. The Travel 
 ler's Companion in a Tour through England and Wales, 
 Lon., 1787, 12mo. Supp., 1787, 12mo. New ed., 1799, 
 12mo. This catalogue was originally written by Gray on 
 the blank leaves of Kitchin's English Atlas. 14. Poems, 
 Parma. 1793, 4to. Printed by Bodini. 200 copies. Large 
 paper, 100 copies. 15. Poems, 1800, 8vo. 16. English and 
 Latin Poems, with Critical Notes and a Life of the Author, 
 Ac. by the Rev. John Mitford, Lon., 1814, 8vo; 1816, 2 
 vols. 4to. Also pub. in 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 ' From the Advertisement, p. 40, the reader is informed of the 
 chief causes which render this edition so desirable to a genuine 
 lover of Gray's high intellectual character:, the great importance 
 however which the editor attaches to this volume is, that it enables 
 the public for the first time to read the genuine and uncorrupted 
 correspondence of Gray, exactly in his own language and printed 
 from, his own Manuscripts." Dibdin's Lib. Comp. 
 
 Of Mitford's edit., and edits, with Mitford's Life, there 
 have been several issues, 1816, 2 vols. 4to; also pub. in 2 
 vols. 8vo; illustrated and edited, with introductory stanzas, 
 by John Moultrie, Eton, 1845, 8vo; 2d ed., 1847, 8vo; 3d 
 ed., 1851, 8vo; 4th ed., 1853, 8vo. Pickering's edit., 1835- 
 43, 5 vols. fp. 8vo. A list of contents will be found at the 
 end of this article. 17. Works, with Extracts, Philological, 
 Poetical, and Critical, by T. J. Mathias, 1814, 2 vols. r. 4to. 
 This edit, contains the Poems, Letters, and the Memoirs 
 by Wm. Mason. 
 
 " A magnificent edition of Gray's Works, which derives so large 
 a share of its value from the taste, learning, sagacity, and moral 
 principles of an editor peculiarly qualified to do justice to the 
 merits of such a scholar and such a poet as Mr. Gray." Dr. Parr's 
 Witt. 
 
 "Of the qualifications which pointed out Mr. Mathias as the 
 editor of the present Extracts, Philological, Poetical, and Critical, 
 it is impossible to think or speak otherwise than with sincere 
 respect. His spirit is congenial with that of his author, his admi 
 ration, though he professes ' nunquam vidisse Virgilium,' not in 
 ferior to that of personal friendship." Lon. Quar. Rev., xi. 304- 
 318, q. v. 
 
 ' As a poet, the warmest of Mr. Gray's admirers may safely trust 
 him with Fate; viewing him as an amiable and irreproachable pri 
 vate character, we may be contented to take his portrait sketched 
 by the hand of friendship in Mr. Mason's account of him; but. for 
 a delineation of him with all the mastery of talent, not only as a 
 prodigy of learning but as that most exalted character, a Platonist 
 made perfect by Revelation, the world is indebted to Mr. Mathias." 
 Lon. Month. Rev., Ixxviii. 384-387, q. v. 
 
 Dr. Dibdin does not speak so enthusiastically of this 
 edition : 
 
 " The more recent edition of the works of Gray, by Mr. Mathias, 
 in two widely-spread quartos, (concerning which read the Quarterly 
 Review, vol. xi., p. 304.) sunk with the weight of lead upon the 
 market. Huge as is the ordinary size of these tomes and little 
 calculated as were the works of Gray for such a ponderous super 
 structurethere are yet LARGE PAPER COPIES! ! at a price which at 
 first appalled the timid, and startled the rich, [12 12s. : the copies 
 of ' the ordinary size' were pub. at 7 7s.] The prices, however, 
 both of the small and large paper, are materially abated [in 1824- 
 25] ... and I prophesy . . . but ' hence.' Mdvri \ax<^v\ methinks 
 I hear one of the Syndics of the Cambridge University Press ex 
 claim. Yet, note well : An edition of the Pursuits of Literature was 
 struck off, on paper of the same size, in both forms; as if Thomas 
 James Mathias had been the principal author of this latter work! 
 What will be the verdict of posterity r'Lib. Comp. 
 
 The " verdict of posterity" is no secret. 18. Letters, edited 
 by Rev. J. Mitford, 8vo. 19. Criticisms on Gray's Elegy, 
 8vo. 20. Life of Gray, by Mason, 24mo. 21. Poems, 32mo. 
 22. Poems, with Memoir by Mitford, 24mo. 23. Poems, 
 with Westall's Designs, 16mo. 24. Addit. Notes to the 
 Corresp. of Gray and Mann, 1855, 8vo. The edit, of Gray's 
 Poems pub. by Mr. H.C.Baird, Phila., 1850, sm. 8vo, already 
 referred to, and that pub. by Messrs. Little, Brown <fe Co., 
 Boston, 1854, 18mo, deserve warm commendation. We pro 
 mised to give a list of the contents of Pickering's edit, of 
 Gray's Works, edited by Mitford, Lon., 1835, '43, fp. 8vo. 
 Vol. I. Life by Mitford ; Poems. II. Essay on the Poetry 
 of Gray ; Letters. III. Letters. IV. Letters : Journal of 
 Tour in Italy. V. Mathias's Letter on the death of 
 Nicholls ; Reminiscences of Gray, by Nicholls ; Correspond 
 ence of Gray with Nicholls ; Correspondence of Brown 
 and Nicholls relative to Gray; Letters of Nicholls; Notes 
 by Mitford; Gray's Notes on Walpole's Lives of the 
 Painters ; Extracts from a poem on the letters of the alpha 
 bet; Observations on English Metre, Pseudo-Rhythm, Use 
 of Rhyme, and on the Poems of Lydgate. 
 
 Gray, Walter. Almanacke, Lon., 1587, 8vo. 
 
 Gray, Walter. Expedition to Scheldt, 1810. 
 
 Gray, Rev. Wm. On Confirmation, Lon., 1848, 12mo. 
 
 Gray, Wm. Survey of Newcastle, Ac., Lon., 1649, 4to. 
 
 Gray, Wm. Sketch of the Original English Prose 
 Literature, Oxf., 1835, 8vo. 
 
 729 
 
GRA 
 
 Gray, Wm., and Dochard. Voyage of Discovery 
 in Africa. 1818-21, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Graydon, Alexander, 1752-1818, a native of Bris 
 tol, Pennsylvania, a soldier in the Revolutionary War, 
 was the author of Memoirs of a Life chiefly passed in 
 Pennsylvania, within the last Sixty Years; with Occa 
 sional Remarks upon the General Occurrences, Character, 
 and Spirit of that Eventful Period, Harrisburg, 1811. 
 Reprinted in London. This vol. was repub. in Edinburgh, 
 1822, by John Gait, with a dedication to Richard Rush, 
 Esq., American Minister at London. Mr. Gait remarks 
 in his dedication that 
 
 " It is remarkable that a production so rich in the various ex 
 cellencies of style, description, and impartiality, should not have 
 been known in this country, especially as it is perhaps the best 
 personal narrative which has yet appeared relative to the history 
 of that great conflict which terminated in establishing the inde 
 pendence of the United States." 
 
 The London Quarterly Review gives an amusing re 
 view of this work, and, referring to Mr. Gait's eulogy, 
 remarks : 
 
 "He now appears as the editor and eulogist of these Memoirs, 
 which notwithstanding his high and solemn praise, both of their 
 matter and manner we venture to pronounce to be in matter 
 almost worthless, and in manner wholly contemptible. . . . We 
 scarcely remember to have met with an emptier pretender to 
 literature, or a grosser apostate in politics. . . . We can honestly 
 assure Mr. Gait without overrating his talents and taste in the 
 least that he is himself capable of adding a thousand times 
 more lustre to the English language than the author of such an 
 absurd farrago as he has here thought proper to reprint." xxvi. 
 364r-374. 
 
 A new ed. of this work, rearranged, with biographical 
 and historical notes, and an index, was pub. by Mr. John 
 Stockton Littell, of Germantown, in 1846, Phila., 8vo. 
 pp. 504. 
 
 Mr. Graydon was a contributor to the literary and poli 
 tical journals of the day. A number of his essays, very 
 popular at the time, will be found in the Phila. Portfolio, 
 under the title of Notes of a Desultory Reader. In these 
 
 Eapers he communicates to the public his opinions respect- 
 ag his favourite authors. 
 
 Graydon, Rev. George. Fish; Trans. Irish Acad., 
 1794. 
 
 Graydon, Wm., of Pennsylvania. 1. Digest of the 
 Laws of the U. States, <fcc., Harrisburg, 1803, 8vo; Lon., 
 1803, 8vo ; Appendix, Harrisburg, 1813, 8vo. 2. Justice 
 and Constable's Assist., Phila., 1820, 8vo. 3. Forms of 
 Conveyancing, and of Practice in the various Courts and 
 Public Offices. New ed., by Robert E. Wright, 1845, 8vo. 
 Fourth ed. 
 
 "The previous editions have been for the last forty years the 
 ready and constant guide-book of the professional man as well as 
 of the citizen, in all cases in which a safe and convenient Form- 
 Book was needed ; and it is only necessary to remark that the 
 labours of Mr. Wright, in bringing it down to the present periodj 
 have been faithfully and judiciously executed." FRED. G 
 BRIGHTLY. 
 
 "We are glad to see this favourite book in a new and much 
 Improved edition." Amer. Law Reg., Jan. 1853. 
 
 Grayhurst, Thomas, supposed to be a fictitious 
 name. Remarks rel. to the Trial of Lord Grosvenor, 
 Lon., 1770, 8vo. 
 
 Grayson, E. Standish the Puritan, N. York, 1850, 
 
 12mo. 2. Overing ; or, the Heir of Wycherly, 1852, 12mo 
 
 Grayson, P. W. Vice Unmasked, an Essay ; being 
 
 a consideration of the Influence of Law upon the Moral 
 
 Essence of Man, Ac., N. York, 1830, 8vo. 
 
 Grayson, Wm. J., b. 1788, in Beaufort, S. Caro 
 lina, has been a member of the U. States Congress, anc 
 held many important public posts. 1. Letter to Gover 
 nor Seabrook. This is against disunion of the U. States 
 2. The Hireling and the Slave j a didactic poem, 1854. In 
 this poem we find a comparison drawn between the con 
 dition of the negro slave and the pauper labourer oi 
 Europe. Mr. G. displays poetical powers of no ordinary 
 stamp . 
 
 Graystands, Robert de. See Wharton's Anglia 
 Sacra, i. 689. 
 
 Greated, Timothy. Essay on Friendship, Lon. 
 1726, 8vo. 
 
 Greathead, Henry. Invention, Ac. of the Life 
 Boat, Lon., 1804, 8vo. 
 
 Greatheed, Bertie, d. 1804, an amateur artist, was 
 one of the contributors to the Florence Miscellany ridi 
 culed by Wm. Gifford (q. v.) in his Baviad. Gifford style 
 Greatheed the " deep-mouthed Theban." 1. Essay on th 
 Right of Conquest, Florence, 1783, 4to. 2. The Regent 
 a Tragedy, Lon., 1788, 8vo. 
 
 Greatheed, Samuel. Serms, 1800, '08, both 8vo. 
 
 Greatorex, Thomas, 1758-1831, a musical coin 
 
 730 
 
 GRE 
 
 oser, contributed a paper on measuring mountains by 
 he barometer, to Phil. Trans., pub. a composition on 
 salm Tunes, <fcc., and left some MS. papers on chemistry 
 nd botany. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Sept. 1831. 
 Greatrakes, Valentine, b. 1628, a noted empiric, 
 lib. Account of his great and strange Cures, in a Letter 
 om himself to the Hon. Robt. Boyle, Esq., Lon., 1666, 
 to. See Biog. Brit., in art. Stubbe ; Harris's Ware's Hist. 
 Ireland; Account, <fec., 1666. 
 
 Greaves, Sir Edward, M.D., d. 1680, a native of 
 urrey, physician-in-ordinary to K. Charles II., was a 
 rother of John Greaves. 1. Morbus Epidemicus ann. 
 643, Oxf., 1643, 4to. 2. Oratio, Ac., Lon., 1667, 4to. 
 Greaves, John, 1602-1652, brother to the preceding, 
 n eminent mathematician and antiquary, a native of Col- 
 rnore, near Alresford, in Hampshire, educated at Balliol 
 oil., Oxf., became Geometry Lecturer in Gresham Coll., 
 nd subsequently Savilian Prof, of Astronomy at Oxford. 
 [is best-known works are 1. Pyramidologia; or, a De- 
 eription of the Pyramids of Egypt, Lon., 1646, 8vo. In 
 Yench, 1663, fol.; and see Churchill's Voyages, ii. 689, 
 708. 2. A Discourse on the Roman Fort and Denarius, 
 on., 1647, 8vo; and see Churchill's Voyages, ii. 737, 
 708. 3. Elementa Linguae Persicse, 1649, 4to. 4. Miscel- 
 aneous Works : with Hist, and Grit. Account of his Life 
 nd Writings, 1737, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " He was a person in great value, and much respected by learned 
 men, particularly by Selden, who, had our author lived, would 
 ave left to him part of his wealth." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 See Smith's Vita quorundam erudit. virorum ; Athen. 
 )xon. ; Gen. Diet. ; Biog. Brit. ; Usher's Life and Letters; 
 Life by Dr. Birch ; Ward's Gresham Professors. 
 
 Greaves, John. Essays for Sabbath Reading. New 
 d., Lon., 1848, 12mo. 
 
 " Cannot easily be read without profit at any time." Lon.Wes- 
 ley Method. Mag. 
 
 Greaves, Jonathan. Philosophic Mouse : Philos. 
 subjects for the young, Lon., 1815, 8vo. 
 Greaves, Thomas. Songs of Sundrie Kindes, 1604. 
 Greaves, Thomas, D.D., d. 1676, brother to John 
 Grreaves, Preb. of Peterborough, and Rector of Benefield. 
 .. De Linguae Arabicee, &c., Oxf., 1637, 4to. 2. Observa- 
 .iones in Persicam Pentateuchi Versionem, <fcc. Vide 
 Jib. Polyglot., torn. vi. Also trans, into Latin by Samuel 
 Clarke. 
 
 " He was a man of great learning." Athen. Oxon. 
 See references appended to GREAVES, JOHN. 
 Greaves, Thomas. Serms., Lon., 1763, '64. 
 Greaves, Rev. Thomas Berkeley. The Wilder 
 ness; or, Prolusions in Verse, 1811, 12mo. 
 
 Greaves, Wm. Treatise on Natural and Practical 
 Agriculture, Lon., 1804, 8vo. 
 
 "Many remarks are sensible and correct, but added nothing to 
 he already-existing practice." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Grebner, Ezek. Visions and Prophecies concerning 
 Scotland, England, and Ireland, Lon., 1660, '61, 12mo. 
 
 Grece, Charles F. 1. Essays on Husbandry, ad 
 dressed to the Canadian Farmers. 2. Facts, &c. resp. 
 Canada and the U. States, Lon., 1819, 8vo. 
 
 Evidently the production of a plain, sensible, practical man." 
 Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 But see Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 108. 
 Greeley, Horace, b. Feb. 3, 1811, at Amherst, New 
 Hampshire, commenced life a*s a printer, and was em 
 ployed in this capacity in several New York establish 
 ments. As a journalist his name has been connected with 
 The Constitution," "The New Yorker," "The Jeffer- 
 sonian," "The Log Cabin," and (commenced in 1841) 
 The Tribune." In 1848 he was elected to the United 
 States Congress. For particulars of his life, see The Life 
 of Horace Greeley, by James Parton, N.York, 1855, 12mo. 
 "This book is singularly well written; and its mingling of 
 private incidents with public history is so managed that its popu 
 larity will not be transient. . . . Recommending the Life of Mr. 
 Greeley to general attention, we have to speak in particular com 
 mendation of the admirable style in which the author has col 
 lected his materials and wrought them up. The book did not 
 reveal to us the power of Horace Greeley. We knew that before. 
 But we did not know the power in research, in mastery of the 
 English language, and in strong good sense, of Mr. Parton, who is 
 its author."^. Amer. Rev., Ixxx. 545-548, q. v. 
 
 But a critic in Blackw. Mag. for March, 1856, does not 
 appear to admire either Mr. Greeley or the labours of his 
 biographer, and declares, with respect to the latter, that 
 
 " Any man would accept his chance against a Kentucky rifle 
 sooner than a biography at the hands of Mr. J. Parton." Bio 
 graphy gone Mad ; ubi supra. 
 
 1. Hints towards Reforms, N. York, 1851, 12mo. This 
 vol. consists of addresses, Ac. 2. Glances at Europe 
 from Great Britain, France, Italy, Switzerland, <fcc. 
 during the Summer of 1851. Originally pub. in the Tri- 
 
GRE 
 
 GRE 
 
 bune. 3. Art and Industry as represented in the Exhibi 
 tion of the Crystal Palace, New York, 1853-54. Edited 
 by H. G., 1853, 12mo. Originally pub. in the Tribune. 
 4. Association Discussed by H. Greeley and H. J. Ray 
 mond, 1847, 8vo. 5. History of the Struggle for Slavery Ex 
 tension or Restriction in the U.S. from 1787 to 1856, N.Y., 
 1856, Svo; several edits. 
 
 " With a shrewd, clear intellect, an astonishingly vigorous style, 
 and a heart easily wrought up to that degree of passion necessary 
 to the production of the best kind of writing, be fears not the 
 quill of any man living." Life of Horace Greeley, in Modern Agi 
 tators, by D. W. Bartlett, N. York, 1855, 12mo. q. v. 
 
 " His writings embrace every variety of style classic beauty, 
 exquisite poetry, graphic description, vapid commonplace, the full 
 semblage of originality, the moon in the mist, and the ignis fatuus 
 light of whimsical nonsense. . . . His widely-circulated journal 
 contains good specimens of acute wit, critical reasoning, solid 
 argument, brilliant invective, profound philosophy, beautiful 
 poetry, and moving eloquence, mixed with the opposite of these. 
 .... He is the great recording secretary of this Continent, em 
 ployed by the masses to take notes and print them." Life of 
 Horace Greeley, in Off-Hand Takings, by G. W. Bungay, N. York, 
 1854, 12mo, q. v. 
 
 See also Putnam's Mag. for July, 1855. 
 
 Green. See also GREENE. 
 
 Green. General Collection of Voyages and Travels, 
 Lon., 1745, 4 vols. 4to. 
 
 Green. Examination of Godwin's Political Justice, 
 &c., Lon., 1798, Svo. 
 
 Green, Andrew. 1. Essay on the State of the Jews, 
 1800. 2. Impolicy of the Laws of Usury, 1812, Svo. 
 
 Green, Ashbel, V.D.M., 1762-1848, a native of 
 Hanover, New Jersey, served for, some time in the Revo 
 lutionary army, and afterwards taught school; graduated 
 at Princeton College in 1783 ; Prof, of Mathematics and 
 natural philosophy in the college, 1785-87 ; ordained 
 in 1787 ; chaplain to Congress, 1782-1800 ; President of 
 Princeton College, 1812-22. For particulars respecting 
 the ministerial and official career of this excellent man, 
 the reader is referred to the Life of Ashbel Green, V.D.M. 
 Begun to be written by himself in his eighty-second year, 
 and continued to his eighty-fourth. Prepared for the 
 Press, at the Author's request, by Joseph H. Jones, Pastor 
 of the Sixth Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia. N. 
 York, 1849, Svo, pp. 628. Dr. Green pub. ten occasional 
 Sermons, 1790-1836 ; six Addresses, Reports, <fcc., 1793- 
 1836; Hist, of Presbyterian Missions, 1 vol.-; Lectures on 
 the Shorter Catechism, 2 vols. 12mo ; Discourses on the 
 College of New Jersey, together with a History of the 
 College, 1822 j a large proportion of the contents of The 
 Christian Advocate, 12 vols., Phila., 1822-34. 
 
 " The character of his mind is impressed on his writings. His 
 lectures on the Shorter Catechism, the sermon on the union of 
 science and religion, which he prepared and published while Pre 
 sident of the College of New Jersey, and the Christian Advocate, 
 a religious periodical, which he for a number of years conducted 
 with so much ability and usefulness, will long remain clear proofs 
 that he possessed a mind of high order." REV. J. J. JANEWAY, D.D. 
 
 " On the whole, I esteem him as among the ripest scholars, the 
 most able divines, the most useful men, which our country has 
 produced. His name will be more closely connected with the his 
 tory and progress of the Presbyterian Church, one hundred years 
 hence, than that of any of his predecessors. He well deserves a 
 name and a place among ' The Lights of the American Pulpit.' 
 REV. N. MURRAY, D.D. See conclusion of this article. 
 
 " We always read his writings with approbation of the just 
 sentiments and the vigorous thinking which they indicate; but 
 sometimes feeling as if the writer would have attained a still 
 more spirited and nervous style if he had been less painfully 
 scrupulous in weighing every sentence which he penned in the 
 scales of the strictest historical verity." REV. SAMUEL MILLER, D.D. 
 
 " As a writer, his style is not unlike that of his model, Dr. 
 Witherspoon, remarkably perspicuous, showing a clear percep 
 tion of his subject ; it is chaste, wholly free from all that is quaint, 
 affected, foreign and barbarous. The grand quality of Dr. Green's 
 style may be said to have been strength ; by means of which, 
 even when the thought was familiar, it was carried to the mind 
 with unusual condensation and force. . . . His Lectures on the 
 Shorter Catechism are probably the most useful and generally 
 popular of all his instructive works." REV. JOSEPH H. JONES, 
 D.D. : Life of Dr. Green, to which we are indebted for the preceding 
 extracts. 
 
 Green, B. Examples in Drawing, 1796. 
 
 Green, Charles. Astronomical Observations; Phil. 
 Trans., 1771. 
 
 Green, Edward. 1. The Spirit of the Bankrupt 
 Laws, 4th ed., with Precedents, Lon., 1780, Svo. 2. Observa 
 tions on the Drama, 1803, Svo. 
 
 Green, or Greene, Edward Barnaby, d. 1788, 
 trans. Anacreon, Apollonius Rhodius, and portions of 
 Pindar; paraphrased Persius ; pub. two odes, and Strictures 
 relative to the Rowley Poems, Critical Essays, and Poeti 
 cal Essays, 1770-84. 
 
 Green, Frances Harriet, formerly Miss Whipple, 
 a native of Smithfield, Rhode Island, commenced her lite 
 
 rary career by poetical contributions (1830-35) to the 
 periodicals of the day. Her first vol. was Memoirs of 
 Eleanor Elbridge, a coloured woman, of which more than 
 30,000 copies were sold. She has since pub. The Me 
 chanic, 1841 ; Might and Right, an account of the Dorr 
 Insurrection, 1844; Nanuntenoo, a Legend of the Narra- 
 gansetts, in six cantos, of which the first three were pub. 
 in Phila. in 1848 ; Analytical Class-Book of Botany, 1855. 
 She has also contributed largely to "Reform periodicals," 
 and for some time (in 1842) edited The Wampanoag and 
 (in 1848) The Young People's Journal of Science, Litera 
 ture, and Art. See Griswold's Female Poets of America. 
 
 Green, Francis, of Boston, Mass., d. 1809, aged 67, 
 pub. a dissertation on the art of imparting speech to the 
 deaf and dumb, (1783 ;) essays on the same subject in the 
 newspapers ; and trans, the letters of the Abbe 1'Epee. 
 
 Green, G. Dissertatio de Regno Magnge Britanniae, 
 Witteb.. 1667, 4to. 
 
 Green, Henry W., LL.D., Chief-Justice of New Jer 
 sey. Reports of Cases in Ct. of Chancery of N. Jersey, 
 Elizabethtown, 1842-46, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Green, Horace, M.D., LL.D., b. Dec. 24, 1802, in 
 Rutland county, Vermont; President of the Faculty and 
 Emeritus Prof, of Theory and Practice of Medicine in the 
 N. York Med. Coll. ; Corresp. Mem. Lon. Med. Society, &c. 
 1. Treatise on Diseases of the Air-Passages, N.York, 1846, 
 Svo. This excellent work has reached the 3d edit. 
 
 "The author has made a most valuable addition to practical 
 medicine. . . . We have adopted the mode of treatment recom 
 mended by him, and corroborate his statements as to its great 
 value." Brit. and. For. Med. Rev. ^ 
 
 2. Pathology and Treatment of the Croup, 1849, 12mo. 
 3. On the Surgical Treatment of the Polypi of the Larynx, 
 and the 03dema of the Glottis. 
 
 "Dr. Green has won very marked distinction in the profession, 
 by his bold, novel, and highly-successful treatment of diseases 
 of the air-tubes, which had very generally been deemed incurable ; 
 and his skill and experience in this particular department of 
 surgery probably qualifies him to treat the subject with more 
 knowledge and confidence than any other writer on this side the 
 Atlantic." 
 
 4. In 1856, Dr. Green pub. a Report, with a Statistical 
 Table, of 106 Cases of Pulmonary Diseases treated by In 
 jections into the Bronchial Tubes with a Solution of Nitrate 
 of Silver. 
 
 " I have only to say that I have confirmed the statements made 
 by Dr. Horace Green : I have introduced the catheter publicly iu 
 the clinical wards of the Royal Infirmary, in seven patients. I think 
 it important that these facts should be known to the profession, as 
 a homage justly due to the talents of a distinguished transatlantic 
 physician, and with a view of recommending a practice which, if 
 judiciously employed, may form a new era in the treatment of pul 
 monary disease." PROF. J. H. BENNETT : Edin. Med. Jour. 
 
 5. Selections from the Favorite Prescriptions of Living 
 American Practitioners, N.Y., 1858. 
 
 Dr. G. has contributed a number of papers to the Lon 
 don Lancet, the American Medical Monthly, Silliman'a 
 Journal, and the New York Journal of Medicine. 
 
 Green, J. A Refutation of the Apology for Actors, 
 Lon., 1615. 
 
 Green, J. Privileges of the Lord Mayor, &c., 1709, '22. 
 
 Green, J. 1. Spelling Book, Lon., 1721, 12mo. 2, A 
 Chart of N. and S. America, &c., 1753, fol. 3. Remarks 
 in support of the above Chart, 1753, 4to. 
 
 Green, James. Golden Numbers; rel. to Easter, 
 Lon., 1755, Svo. 
 
 Green, James, Lieut., R.N. 1. Critical Essays, 
 Lon., 1770, Svo. 2. Hist. Essay on Govts., Edin., 1793, 
 Svo. 3. British Constitution. 
 
 Green, James S. Reports of Cases Supreme Ct. N. 
 Jersey, 1831-36, Trenton, 1833-38, 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 Green, J. H., the Reformed Gambler. 1. Gambling 
 Exposed, Phila., 12mo. 2. The Gambler's Life. 3. Secret 
 Band of Brothers. 4. The Reformed Gambler; an Auto 
 biography; new eds., 1858. 
 
 Green, John, Curate of Thurnscoe, Yorkshire. 1. Nine 
 Discourses, 1711, Svo. 2. Serm., 1711, Svo. 3. Grace and 
 Truth, Ac., 1752-62, Svo. 4. Serm., 1763, Svo. 
 
 Green, John. 1. Journey from Aleppo to Damascus 
 in 1725, Lon., 1736, Svo. 2. Collec. of Voyages and Tra 
 vels, 1745-47, 4 vols. 4to. A collection of great value, and 
 the original of the Abbe" Provost's Collection. See Cens. 
 Lit., 411,412; 2d ed., 1815. 
 
 Green, John. A con. on nat. philos. to Phil. Trans., 
 1739. 
 
 Green, John, D.D., 1706-1779, a native of Beverley, 
 Yorkshire, was a sizar, and became (in 1730) a Fellow, of 
 St. John's Coll., Camb.; Regius Prof, of Divinity, 1748; 
 Master of Bene't Coll., 1750; Dean of Lincoln, 1756; 
 Bishop of Lincoln, 1761; Canon Residentiary of St. Paul's, 
 
 731 
 
ORE 
 
 GRE 
 
 1771. He pub. ten occasional serms., 1749-73 ; The Aca 
 demic, 1750; and was one of the authors of the Athenian 
 Letters, pub. by Philip Yorke, Earl of Hardwicke : best 
 ed., 1798, 2 vols. 4to. See Chalmers's Biog. Diet, and 
 authorities there cited. 
 
 Green, John, Curate of St. Saviour's, Southwark. 
 1. Serm., Lon., 1757, 4to. 2. Nine Serms., 1758, 8vo. 
 3. Eight Serms., 1758, 8vo. 4. Serm., 1759. 
 Green, John. Serm., 1764, 4to. 
 Green, John Richards, i. ., John Gifford, q. v. 
 Green, Joseph, 1706-1780, a native of Boston, Mass., 
 graduated at Harvard in 1726, and subsequently became a 
 distiller. He was a man of great wit, and wrote a number 
 of satirical poems, <tc., among the best-known of which 
 are Entertainment for A Winter's Evening; a burlesque 
 on a Psalm of Mather Byles ; The Land-Bank ; Account 
 of the celebration of St. John ; and A Mournful Lamenta 
 tion for the Death of Old Mr. Tenor. His political pieces 
 were in favour of the principles of freedom. An interest 
 ing account of Green will be found in Duyckincks' Cyc. 
 of Amer. Lit. 
 
 Green, Mrs. Mary Anne JEverett. 1. Letters of 
 Royal and Illust. Ladies of G. Britain, now first pub., with 
 Hist. Notices, Lon., 1846, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 2. Lives of the 
 Princesses of England, 1849-55, 6 vols. p. 8vo; 2d ed., 1857. 
 " In closing this last review of the work, we cannot finally part 
 from Mrs. Green without again bearing our testimony to the care 
 ful research and diligent examination of authorities which each 
 volume displays. Along the line of six hundred years much inci 
 dental light has been thrown, not only on English but on Conti 
 nental history ; and as a valuable contribution towards both we 
 recommend these volumes." Lon. Athenaeum, 1855, 549-551. 
 
 " As a companion to Miss Strickland's Memoirs of the English 
 Queens, this work may claim a similarly wide audience, and help 
 to popularize historical tastes." Lon. Examiner. 
 
 3. Letters of Queen Henrietta Maria, 1857, p. 8vo. 4. 
 Calendar of State Papers, 4 vols., 1858-59. See Lon. Athen., 
 1858, Pt. 1, 457, Pt. 2, 386 ; LEMON, ROBERT. Mrs. Green 
 has in preparation The Queens of the House of Brunswick. 
 Green, Matthew, 1697-1737, an officer in the London 
 Custom-House, was noted for his wit and poetical abilities. 
 1. The Grotto, 1732, privately printed, afterwards inserted 
 in Dodsley's Collection, vol. v. 2. The Spleen ; a Poem, 
 1737, 8vo. Published by Glover, the author of Leonidas, 
 who had urged the author to its completion as it now 
 stands. It was subsequently pub. in Dodsley's Collection, 
 and also in the 2d ed. of Dr. Johnson's Poets. In 1796, 
 8vo, Cadell and Davies pub. The Spleen and other Poems, 
 with a Pref. Essay by Dr. Aikin. Green's Poetical Works 
 were pub. in 1854, by the Rev. R. A. Willmot, in the same 
 vol. with those of Gray, Parnell, Collins, and J. Warton. 
 See Lon. Athenaeum, 1854: 1840; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1849, 
 Pt. 2, 468. Pope remarks that there is a great deal of 
 originality in The Spleen ; and Gray, in his correspondence 
 with Horace Walpole, observes of Green's poems, then 
 pub. in Dodsley's Collection: 
 
 "There is a profusion of wit everywhere; reading would have 
 formed his judgment and harmonized his verse, for even his wood- 
 notes often break out into strains of real poetry and music." See 
 Johnson and Chalmers's Poets, 1810. 
 
 Green, Ralph. Porter-Brewer, &c., Lon., 1765, fol. 
 Green, Richard, D.D. Serm., 1745, 4to. 
 Green, Richard, D.D. Serm., 1756, 4to. 
 Green, Richard W. 1. Gradations in Algebra, Phil., 
 12rno. 2. Key to do., 12mo. 3. Little Reckoner, 18mo. 
 4. Arithmetical Guide, 18mo. ~> 
 Green, Robert. See GREENE. 
 Green, Robert. Hand-Drill for sowing Peas, Beans, 
 Ac. ; Nic. Jour., 1804. 
 
 Green, Robert. On Under Draining Wet and Cold 
 Lands, Lon., 1842,. 8vo. 
 
 " This book has been very little noticed, though written on a 
 most important subject, as the title comprehends all the lands 
 that require to be drained." Donakison's AgricuU. Biog. 
 
 Green, Rupert. The Secret Plot; a Tragedy, 1777, 
 12mo. 
 
 " Produced before he was nine years old." Biog. Dramat. 
 Green, S. Romances, history, <fec., 1806-12. 
 Green, Samuel. Serma., Lon., 1786, 8vo. 
 Green, Thomas. Serms., <fec., 1750, '54, '58, all 12mo. 
 Green, or Greene, Thomas, 1658-1738, a native 
 Of Norwich; Fellow of Bene't Coll., 1680; Vicar of Min 
 Bter, Thanet, 1695; Master of Bene't Coll., 1698; Arch 
 deacon of Canterbury, 1708 ; Vicar of St. Martin's-in-the 
 Fields, Westminster, 1716; Bishop of Norwich, 1721 
 trans, to Ely, 1723. Serms. and theolog. treatises 1710 
 '15, '16, '21, '23, '24, '26, '27, '34. His principal works are 
 upon the Lord's Supper, 1710 ; The Principles of Religion 
 1726; and the Four Last Things, 1734. 
 Green, Thomas. On Enthusiasm, Lon., 1755, 8vo 
 
 Green, or Greene, Thomas, D.D., Dean of Sarum. 
 Serm. on 1 Chron. xxix. 14, Lon., 1767, 8vo. 
 
 Green, Thomas. An Ancient Urn; Trans. Irish 
 Acad., 1787. 
 
 Green, Thomas, Jr., of Liverpool. Miscell. Poetry, 
 Lon., 1809, 12mo. 
 
 Green, Thomas, 1769-1825, a native of Ipswich, 
 entered the Middle Temple, but devoted his time to travel 
 and literary research. He pub. a work on the theory of 
 Morals, and Extracts from the Diary of a Lover of Litera- 
 ure, Ipswich, 1810, 4to. After Mr. G.'s decease, further 
 extracts from the original MS. from which the above work 
 was printed were pub. in The Gentleman's Magazine, Jan. 
 1834, Ac. Prefixed to the first extract will be found a 
 nographical account of the author. It is to be regretted 
 ;hat the whole of the Diary was not given to the world. 
 
 Green, Valentine. 1. Polite Arts in France, Lon., 
 1732, '83, 4to. 2. Survey of Worcester, Worces., 1764, 
 5vo. New ed., 1796, 2 vols. 4to. 3. Discovery of the 
 Body of K. John, Lon., 1797, 4to. 4. Cat. of Callot's 
 Works, 1804. 
 
 Green, W. Abyssus Mali; or, Corruption of Man's 
 Nature, 1676, 8vo. 
 
 "Very excellent." Palmer's JYonconf., vol. li. 
 
 Green, W., and Penn, John. Moral and Religious 
 Essays, Lon., 1776, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Green, Win., d. 1794, Fellow of Clare Hall, Camb. ; 
 Rector of Hardingham, Norfolk. 1. The Song of Deborah, 
 reduced to metre; with a new trans, and comment., with 
 Notes, Lon., 1753, 4to. 2. New Trans, of the Prayer of 
 Habakkuk, the Prayer of Moses, and the CXXXIX. Ps.,with 
 a Comment., &c., Camb., 1755, 4to. 3. New Trans, of the 
 Psalms from the Hebrew, with Notes, &c., Lon., 1763, 8vo. 
 Many of the Psalms are considerably improved in this version, 
 but as a whole, it is inferior to the next work of the author. 
 [Poetical Parts, &c.]" Orrtws Bill. Bib. 
 
 "Some judicious alterations in the version, and valuable criti 
 cisms in the notes. . . . The language of the translation, though 
 correct, hath neither that force nor harmony which we find in the 
 common version of our Bibles." Lon. Month. 2tev., O. S., xxviii. 267. 
 
 4. Poetical Parts of the 0. Test., trans, from the Hebrew, 
 with Notes, Camb., 1781, 4to. In German, by J. F. Roos, 
 Gessje, 1784. 
 
 "These translations are, in general, very accurate and elegant 
 specimens of biblical interpretation. The notes are not numerous 
 or extensive, but discover much good taste and sound criticism." 
 Orme's Bill. Bib. And see the Lon. Month. Rev., 0. S., Iviii. 1-8. 
 
 Green also made trans, from Isaiah, 1776; Horace, 1777, 
 '83; Virgil, 1783;. and Ovid, 1783. 
 
 Green, Wm. 1. Views on the Lakes, 1808-09, atlas 
 fol. 2. 78 Studies from Nature, Lon., 1809, '18, fol. ; 60 
 do., 1810, 12mo. 3. Tourist's New Guide, Kendal, 1819, 2 
 vols. 8vo. The result of eighteen years' observations in 
 Ambleside, Keswick, Ac. 
 
 "It has been the business of his life to study nature; and to 
 that business he brought great talents, intense perseverance, and 
 passionate enthusiasm. ... In short, the great outline of the 
 land of the Lakes and Mountains is filled up with a precision, a 
 fulness, and an accuracy, no less wonderful than delightful." 
 PROFESSOR JOHN WILSON. 
 
 Green, Wm. A Companion to the Countess of Hunt 
 ingdon's Hymns, Lon., 1809, 8vo. 
 
 Greenaway, Rev. Stephen, 1713-1795, a clergy 
 man of the Ch. of Eng. A New Trans, of Ecclesiastes, <fcc., 
 in 3 parts, Lon., 1787, 8vo. 
 
 "A London bookseller, of whom I purchased this book in 1819, 
 assured me, that although he was one of the publishers, it was the 
 only complete copy he had ever seen." Cotton's edit, of the Bible, q.v. 
 
 " The author was no great Hebrew scholar, and a great adver 
 sary to conjectural criticism; but the work deserves to be con 
 sulted, both on Ecclesiastss and on a considerable number of other 
 passages of Scripture on which the writer offers remarks. He 
 speaks respectfully of Lowth and Kennicott, but is very much dis 
 pleased with Father Houbigant." Orme's Bill. Bib. 
 
 Greene. See also GREEN. 
 
 Greene, Albert G., b. in Providence, Rhode Island, 
 Feb. 10, 1802, was educated at Brown University, and on 
 leaving college became a member of the bar. Since 1834 he 
 has occupied a post under the city government of his native 
 place. He has contributed a number of poetical pieces to 
 periodicals, but never published a volume. Among his 
 best-known compositions are The Baron's Last Banquet, 
 Oh ! Think not that the Bosom's Light, and Old Grimes. 
 Mr. G. has a valuable collection of American poetry, and 
 it is hoped that he will give the results of his researches 
 in this department to the public. 
 
 Greene, Alexander. The Politician Cheated; a 
 Comedy, Lon., 1663, 4to. 
 
 " Whether it was ever acted does not appear." Biog. Dramat. 
 Greene, Asa, d. 1837, a New England physician, 
 became a bookseller in New York, and for some time 
 edited The New York Evening Transcript. 1. The Life 
 
GRE 
 
 and Adventures of Dr. Dodimus Duckworth, A.N.Q.; to 
 which is added the History of a Steam Doctor, N. York, 
 1833, ]2mo. 2. The Perils of Pearl Street, 1834, 2 vols. 
 12mo. 3. The travels of Ex-Barber Fribbleton in Ame 
 rica, 1835. 4. A Yankee among the Nullifiers, 1835. 
 5. A Glance at New York, 1837. 6. Debtor's Prison, 
 1837, 18mo. Mr. Greene possessed great humour, and 
 descriptive powers of no ordinary character. 
 
 Greene, Bartholomew. His Admonition to Re 
 pentance and Amendment of Life, *. a., 8vo. 
 
 Greene, or Green, George. 1. Lower Normandy, 
 1789, 1800, Ac., Lon., 1802-05, 8vo. 2. Journey from 
 London to St. Petersburg, 1813, 12mo. 
 
 Greene, George Washington, b. April 8, 1811, at 
 East Greenwich, Kent county, Rhode Island, is a son of 
 N. R. Greene, the son of the celebrated General Nathanael 
 Greene of the Revolutionary Army. The subject of this 
 notice was educated at Brown University, in which insti 
 tution he subsequently became Instructor in Modern Lan 
 guages. For many years he resided in Europe, chiefly in 
 Italy, and was from 1837 to '45 United States Consul to 
 Rome. Since 1852 he has resided in the city of New 
 York. 
 
 1. Life of General Greene, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 2d 
 Series, x. 3, Bost., 1846. 2. Primary Lessons in French, 
 N. York, 1849, 18mo. 3. New ed. of Putz and Arnold's 
 Ancient Geography and Hist., 1849, 12mo. 4. Companion 
 to OllendorfTs French Grammar, 1850, 16mo. 5. Primary 
 Lessons in Italian, 18mo. 6. Historical Studies, composed 
 of Hist, and Grit. Essays, chiefly on Italian Subjects, 1850, 
 12mo. 7. Hist, and Geography of the Middle Ages, 1851, 
 12mo ; with an atlas, 8vo. 
 
 " As an introduction to the study of the Middle Ages, it is all 
 that can be desired ; and as a manual of reference for advanced 
 students in history, and even for those who have traversed the 
 whole ground in detail, it cannot be otherwise than a most useful 
 book. For readers of every class, the usefulness of the book is 
 greatly increased by the felicitous and scholar-like manner in 
 which it is written." N. Amer. Rev., Ixxiii. 271-273, q. v. 
 
 8. Addison's Complete Works, the first complete edition 
 ever published, including all of Bishop Kurd's edition, 
 with numerous pieces now first collected, and copious notes, 
 by Prof. G. W. Greene. A new issue, in 6 vols. 12mo, with 
 Vignettes, <fcc., New York, 1854. See ADDISON, JOSEPH. 
 
 Mr. G. devoted several years while in Europe to the his 
 tory of Italy ; but his studies were interrupted on his return 
 home, and he has never resumed it. He is now engaged 
 in editing the papers of his grandfather, Gen. Greene, with 
 a new and elaborate life. 
 
 In addition to the works above enumerated, he has con 
 tributed many papers on historical and critical subjects to 
 The North American Review, The Christian Review, The 
 Knickerbocker Magazine, Harper's Magazine, and Put 
 nam's Magazine. 
 
 Greene, John. Serms., 1644, '47, both 4to. 
 Greene, John. Serm., 1713, 8vo. 
 Greene, John. Serm., &c., 1723-28, all 8vo. 
 Greene, John. Serm., 1737, 8vo. 
 Greene, John. Beauty; a Poem, Lon., 1755, 4to. 
 Greene, John. Theolog. and Med. Treatises, Lon., 
 1755, '66, '72. 
 
 Greene, Joshua. Index to Cases in Admiralty, <fec., 
 Lon., 1818, 8vo. 
 
 Greene, Maurice, d. 1755, a composer of English 
 cathedral music, made collections with a view to publica 
 tion of cathedral music. These were used by Dr. William 
 Boyce in the splendid work already noticed by us. 
 
 Greene, Max. The Kansas Region, N. York, 1856. 
 Contains a large amount of information. 
 
 Greene, Nathaniel, b. at Boscawen, New Hamp 
 shire, May 20, 1797, has been connected at different times 
 with The New Hampshire Patriot, The Concord Gazette, 
 The New Hampshire Gazette, The Haverhill Gazette, The 
 Essex Patriot, and The Boston Statesman. In 1829 he 
 became postmaster of Boston. He has pub. a number 
 of translations from the Italian, German, and French. 
 1. Storia d'ltalia, di G. Sforzosi, Italia, 1830. This work 
 was trans, by Mr. Greene for Harper's Family Library. 
 
 " Some praise is due to Sforzosi, who has condensed into one 
 volume the whole history of Italy, ancient and modern. His 
 work has been happily translated into English by a competent 
 scholar in this country. It however had no higher aim than to 
 be an elementary work, and is only to be recommended in that 
 character." JV. Amer. Rev., xlviii. 350. 
 
 2. Tales from the German. Trans, by N. Greene, Bost., 
 1837, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " Mr. Greene has been favourably known by his previous trans 
 lation of Sforzosi's Italian History, for Messrs. Harper's Edition 
 of the Family Library. We hope he will find leisure to continue 
 his literary pursuits, and that, since he has the power, he will also 
 
 GRE 
 
 have the inclination, to enrich his native literature by transplant- 
 ng such beautiful exotics into it as the Tales from the German." 
 WM. H. PRESCOTT : N. Amer. Rev., xlvi. 156-161, q. v. 
 
 Greene, R. A. and J. W. Lumpkin. The Georgia 
 Justice, Milledg., 1835, 8vo. 
 
 "This work is a mere compilation of the statutes of Georgia- 
 relating to the duties of Justices of the Peace." 
 
 Greene, R. W. The King v. O'Grady, Dubl., 1816, 
 '18, 8vo. 
 
 Greene, Richard. Artificial Cheltenham Water, 
 Nichol. Jour., 1809. 
 
 Greene, Robert, 1560P-1592, an English poet and 
 miscellaneous writer, noted alike for his good advice and 
 bad example, was a native of Ipswich, and educated at 
 St. John's Coll., Camb. After leaving college he travelled 
 on the continent, and upon his return home is supposed 
 to have taken orders and received the living of Tollesbury 
 in Essex, June 19, 1584. He was a boon companion with 
 the dissipated wits of the day, deserted a lovely wife, lived 
 a profligate life, occasionally chequered with partial re 
 pentance, and died of a surfeit of pickled herrings and 
 Rhenish wine. In his Groat's Worth of Wit bought with 
 a Million of Repentance, written not long before his death, 
 and other pieces of a similar character, he laments his 
 profligate career and exhorts his former companions to 
 forsake their evil ways. His works, which consist of 
 plays, poems, fictions, and tracts upon the manners of the 
 day, are very numerous. Mr. Haslewood, in the Censura 
 Literaria, x. 288-300, gives a list of forty-five, to which 
 he adds five which have been ascribed to him ; and Mr. 
 Octavius Gilchrist increases the catalogue (Cens. Lit, x. 
 380) by the names of three more. Further information 
 respecting his works will be found in the authorities cited 
 below. The following is a list of the contents of the edit, 
 of Greene's Works pub. in 1831, 2 vols. cr. 8vo, by the 
 Rev. A. Dyce: 
 
 Vol. I. Account of Greene and his Writings ; Orlando 
 Furioso; A Looking-Glass for London and England; 
 Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay ; Specimen of the famous 
 Historic of Fryer Bacon. II. Alphonsus, King of Arra- 
 gon; James the Fourth; George-a-Greene, the Pinner of 
 Wakefield; History of George-a-Greene; Ballad of the 
 Jolly Pinder of Wakefield, with Robin Hood, Scarlet, and 
 John; Poems; Addenda, and Index to the Notes. 
 
 Of the manner in which Mr. Dyce has discharged his 
 editorial duties we have already had occasion to speak : 
 see DYCE, REV. ALEXANDER. As an author, Greene's 
 merits are undoubtedly considerable; and it is greatly to 
 be regretted that he was not always in the moral vein 
 which presents so striking a contrast to his loose habits. 
 Wood does not speak of his productions with much respect : 
 
 " He was a pastoral sonnet-maker, and author of several thiugs 
 which were pleasing to men and women of his time. They made 
 much sport, and were valued among scholars; but since, they 
 have been mostly sold on ballad-mongers' stalls." Fasti Oxon. 
 
 We quote some more recent opinions : 
 
 "Those I have perused display a rich and glowing fancy, much 
 originality and universal command of language, combined with 
 an extensive knowledge of the world. His crowded similes are in 
 unisou with those of the period when he wrote, and prove him a 
 disciple of the then fashionable Euphean sect; they are in general 
 well selected, appositely applied, and quaintly amuse while his 
 moral instructs. He possessed considerable, if not first-rate, abili 
 ties, and it is inconsistent to measure either poetry or prose by any 
 standard of criticism erected two centuries after the decease of the 
 author." HASLEWOOD : Censura Literaria, ii. 288-300, q. v. 
 
 " He had great vivacity of intellect, a very inventive imagination, 
 extensive reading, and his works abound with frequent and success 
 ful allusions to the Classics. It is surprising to see how polished 
 and how finished some of his pieces are when it is considered that 
 he wrote most of them to supply his immediate necessities, and in 
 quick succession one to another." BELOE: Anec. of Lib. and Scarce 
 Books. 
 
 " It must be confessed that many of the prose tracts of Greene 
 are licentious and indecent ; but there are many also whose object 
 is useful and whose moral is pure. They are written with great 
 vivacity, several are remarkable for the most poignant raillery, all 
 exhibit a glowing warmth of imagination, and many are inter 
 spersed with beautiful and highly-polished specimens of his 
 poetical powers. On those which are employed in exposing the 
 machinations of his infamous associates, he seems to place a high 
 value, justly considering their detection as an essential service 
 due to his country ; and he fervently thanks his God for enabling 
 him so successfully to lay open the 'most horrible Coosenages of 
 the common Cony-Catchers, Cooseners, and Crosse-Biters,' names 
 which in those days designated the perpetrators of every species 
 
 of deception and knavery Though most of the productions of 
 
 Greene were written to supply the wants of the passing hour, yet 
 the poetical effusions scattered through his works betray few marks 
 of haste or slovenliness, and many of them, indeed, may be classed 
 among the most polished and elegant of their day. To much 
 warmth and fertility of fancy they add a noble strain of feeling 
 and enthusiasm, together with many exquisite touches of the pa 
 thetic, and so many impressive lessons of morality, as, in a great 
 measure, to atone for the licentiousness of several of his prose 
 tracts." Da. DRAKE: Shakspeare and his Times, I 494, 627. 
 
ORE 
 
 GRE 
 
 " As a writer of novels and pamphlets, he is full of affectation, 
 but generally elegant, and sometimes eloquent : it is a misfortune 
 which runs through bis works, that he often imitated the popular 
 but puerile allusions of Lily. His invention is poor from the want 
 of a vigorous imagination, but his fancy is generally lively and 
 graceful. In facility of expression, and in the flow of his blank 
 verse, he is not to be placed below his contemporary Peele. His 
 usual fault (more discoverable in his plays than in his poems) is 
 an absence of simplicity ; but his pedantic classical references, fre 
 quently without either taste or discretion, he had in common with 
 the other scribbling scholars of the time. It was Shakspeare's 
 good fortune to be in a great degree without the knowledge, and 
 therefore, if on no other account, without the defect." J. PAYNE 
 COLLIER: Hist, of Eng. Dram. Poet., iii. 153-154. 
 
 " Professor Tieck. in the Preface to his Shakspeare's Vorschule, 
 says that Greene had 'a happy talent, a clear spirit, and a lively 
 imagination,' which, he adds, ' characterize all his writings.' I can 
 by no means concur in this praise to its full extent," <fcc. Ibid., iii. 
 
 "Greene succeeds pretty well in that florid and gay style, a little 
 redundant in images, which Shakspeare frequently gives to his 
 princes and courtiers, and which renders some unimpassioned 
 scenes in his historic plays effective and brilliant. There is great 
 talent shown, though upon a very strange canvas, in, Greene's 
 Looking-Glass for London and England." HALLAM: Lit. Hist, of 
 Europe, ii. 173. 
 
 Mr. Hallam speaks of Greene's novels as " deplorable 
 specimens," and cites the Dorastus and Fawnia as an ex 
 ample of 
 
 " Quaint, affected, and empty Euphuism." Ibid., ii. 218. 
 
 "Greene's style is in truth most whimsical and grotesque. He 
 lived before there was a good model of familiar prose ; and his wit, 
 like a stream that is too weak to force a channel for itself, is lost in 
 rhapsody and diff useuess." THOMAS "CAMPBELL : Lives of the Eng. 
 Pods. 
 
 But this was not the judgment of his contemporaries. 
 
 " She does observe as pure a phrase, and use as choice figures in 
 her ordinary conversation, as any be i' th' Arcadia. 
 
 " Carlo.- ^Or rather in Greene's works, where she may steal with 
 more security." 
 
 And Oldys does not hesitate to style Greene 
 
 "One of the greatest pamphleteers and refiners of our language 
 in his time." 
 
 " He was obliged to have recourse to his pen for a maintenance; 
 and indeed we think he is the first English poet that we have on 
 record as writing for bread." Biog. Dramat. 
 
 But this is a position which cannot be demonstrated, 
 though it has frequently been adopted as true by those who 
 blindly follow authorities. In addition to the many au 
 thorities cited above, we also refer the reader to Winstan- 
 ley's Eng. Poets ; Langbaine's Dram. Poets ; Whalley's ed. 
 of Ben Jonson; British Bibliographer; Restituta; Collier's 
 Poet. Decam.j Ritson's Bibl. Poet; Berkenhout's Biog. 
 Lit. ; Gibber's Lives of the Poets; Dodsley's Collec. of Old 
 Plays, edited by Collier; Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet.; 
 Retrosp. Rev. ; Watt's BibL Brit. ; Dibdin's Lib. Comp. ; 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; Dunlap's Hist, of Fiction. A spe 
 cimen of Greene's poetical powers will be no unwelcome 
 conclusion to this long article : 
 
 " Sweete are the thoughts that savour of content, 
 The quiet mind is richer than a crowne: 
 Sweete are the nights in carelesse slumber spent, 
 The poore estate scornes fortune's angry frown e: 
 Such sweete content, such mindes, such sleepe, such bliss, 
 Beggers injoy, when Princes oft doe miss." 
 
 From Greene's Farewell to Follie sent to Courtiers and Scholers, as 
 a president to warne them from the vaine delights that drawe Youth 
 on to repentance, 1617, 4to. 
 
 Greene, Robert, D.D. Works on divinity and 
 natural philos., 1711, '12, '27. 
 
 Greene, Robert Berkeley. Geneal. of Christ, as 
 given by Matt, and Luke, Lon., 1822, 8vo. 
 
 " This Table is ingeniously constructed ; the notes exhibit, in a 
 email compass, the result of much laborious research." Home's 
 Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Greene, Samuel S., Prof, in the Normal Department 
 Brown University, and Supt. of Public Schools, Provi 
 dence. 1. Analysis of Eng. Gram., Phila. 2. Elements 
 of do. 3. First Lessons in do. 
 
 Greene, Thomas. See GREEPE, THOMAS. 
 
 Greene, Thomas. A Poet's Vision and a Prince's 
 Glorie, Lon., 1603, 4to. A poem dedicated to K. James. 
 See Brydges's Restituta, iv. 1-5. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 10 
 10. Nassau, Pt. 1, 1737, 16 5. 6d. Greene was an 
 eminent comedian, and is supposed by Malone to have 
 been a relation of Shakspeare's and the medium of his 
 introduction to the theatre. He is the hero of Greene's 
 Tu Quoque : see COOK, or COOKE, JOHN. 
 
 "As for Maister Greene, all that I will speak of him (and that 
 without flattery) is this : -if I were worthy to censure, there was not 
 an actor of his nature, in his time, of better ability in performance 
 of what he undertook, more applauded by the audience, of greater 
 grace at the court, or of more general love in the city." THOMAS 
 HEYWOOD, editor of Cook's Tu Quoque. 
 
 Greene, Thomas. Poems, Lon., 1780, 12mo. 
 
 Greene, Wm. The Sound of a Voice uttered forth 
 from the Mountaine of the Lord of Hosts, Lon., 1663, 4to. 
 734 
 
 Greene, Wm. Annals of George III., from his Ac 
 cession to the Victory of Trafalgar, 1807, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Greene, Wm. B., of Massachusetts. 1. The Doctrine 
 of Life. 2. A Hypothetical Biography, &c. 
 
 Greenfield, Nath. Serm., 1615, '60, 8vo. 
 
 Greenfield, Thomas. Epistles and Miscell. Poems, 
 Lon., 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Greenfield, Wm. Algebra; Trans. Soc., Edin., 1788. 
 
 Greenfield, Wm. 1. Comprehensive Bible, <fcc., Lon., 
 1827, cr. 4to, demy 4to, r. 4to, and imp. 4to. 
 
 " It has deservedly received a large measure of public approba 
 tion." Lowndes's Brit. Lib., q. v. 
 
 2. Novum Testamentum, Ac., 1829, 48mo. 
 
 "The work does the highest honour to the editor's fidelity, 
 competent learning, and sound judgment." Lon. Eclectic Rev.. 
 Feb. 1832, vii. 160. See also Home's Bib. Bib., 29. 
 
 3. Polymicrian Lexicon to the N. Test., 1829, 48mo. 
 This is a companion to No. 2. 4. Book of Genesis, in 
 English, Hebrew, <fcc., 2d ed. 
 
 " It should be in the hands of all self-taught students." REV. 
 R. W. JELF : Suggestions respecting the Neglect of the Hebrew Lan 
 guage as a Qualification for Holy Orders. 
 
 5. Book of the New Covenant, trans, from the Greek 
 into Hebrew, 1831, fp. 8vo, and 32mo. 
 
 " Greenfield's philological labours are extraordinary ; his transla 
 tion displays profound scholarship." Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 A memoir of this profound scholar and excellent man 
 will be found in the London Imperial Mag. for Jan. and 
 Feb. 1834. 
 
 Greenham, Richard, 1531-1591, a Puritan divine, 
 Fellow of Pembroke Hall, Camb., Rector of Dry-Drayton. 
 1. Comfort, <fcc., with two Letters, Lon., 1595, 24mo. 2. 
 Two Serms., 1595, 8vo. 3. Afflicted Conscience, and two 
 Serms., 1598. 4. Collected Works, by Henry Holland, 
 1599, 4to; 2d ed., same year; 1601, fol.j with addits., 
 1605, '12, '81, fol. 
 
 " Christian Reader! thou hast here all Maister Greenham's 
 Works, as they have been heretofore gathered and published by 
 the industrie of that worthy and painefull Preacher, Maister 
 Henry Holland." 
 
 " Greenham on Psalm cxix., in his works, is admirable, for the 
 time in which it was written, both for method and style; and, 
 like all the productions of this author, is full of spiritual unction." 
 Dr. E. Williams's C. P. 
 
 " Greenham excelled in experimental divinity, and knew how 
 to stay a weak conscience how to raise a fallen how to strike a 
 remorseless one." BISHOP HALL. 
 
 " ON MR. GREENHAM'S BOOK OF THE SABBATH. 
 *' While Greenham writeth on the Sabbath's rest, 
 His Soul enjoys not what his pen exprest: 
 His work enjoys not what itself doth say, 
 For it shall never find one resting day. 
 A thousand hands shall toss each page and line, 
 Which shall be scanned by a thousand eyne. 
 This Sabbath's rest, or that Sabbath's unrest, 
 'Tis hard to say which is the happiest." BISHOP HALL. 
 
 See Clarke's Lives, at the end of his Martyrology; 
 Brook's Lives of the Puritans. 
 
 Greenhill, Joseph. 1. The Prophecies, Lon., 1755, 
 8vo. 2. Occas. Serms., 1755, '56, '57, '68, 71, '73, '74. 
 3. Occas. Letters, 1780, 8vo. 
 
 Greenhill, Thomas. 1. The Art of Embalming, 
 Ac., Lon., 1705, 4to. 2. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1700, 
 '05. Greenhill was one of thirty-nine children by one 
 father and mother. 
 
 Greenhill, Wm., d. 1677? one of the Westminster 
 Assembly of Divines; Rector of Stepney, 1656; ejected 
 at the Restoration. 1. Serm., Lon., 1643, 4to. 2. Expos, 
 of Ezekiel, 1645-62, 5 vols. 4to. First ed. seldom found 
 complete. A second ed. of vol. i. appeared in 1649. New 
 ed., revised and corrected by James Sherman, 1837, imp. 
 8vo. 
 
 " Like all the productions of the Puritans, it is evangelical, and 
 stored with the knowledge of the Scriptures ; but, like the most 
 of them, it is distinguished by its sound doctrinal and practical 
 views, rather than by the elegance of the composition or the 
 critical acumen of the reasonings and illustrations." Orme's Bibl. 
 Bib. 
 
 " Very full of doctrine and use." Bickersteth' s C. S. 
 
 "The London reprint is very neatly executed." Home's Bibl. 
 Bib. 
 
 3. Several Serms., 1671, 8vo. 4. Serm., 1677, 4to. 
 
 Greenhow, Robert, M.D., 1800-1854, a native of 
 Richmond, Virginia, was for some time translator to the 
 Department of State at Washington, D. C., and subse 
 quently Associate Law Agent to the United States Com 
 mission for the determination of California claims, sitting 
 at San Francisco. 1. Memoir on the Northwest Coast of 
 North America, N. York, 1840, 8vo. 2. Hist, of Oregon 
 and California, 1846, 8vo. This is an enlarged ed. of 
 No. 1. It is a work of high authority. 
 
 Greening, Henry. 1. Forms of Declarations, &c., 
 Lon., 1837, 12mo; 2d ed., 1853, 12mo : see 1 Jurist, 545 j 
 
GRE 
 
 14 Leg. Obs., 219. 2. Selections of Leading Statutes, 1842- 
 45, 8vo: see 6 Jurist, 51. 3. Common Law Rules of 
 Hilary Term, 1853, 12mo. 
 
 Greenlaw, A. Serm., Lon., 1794, 4to. 
 
 Greenleaf, Benjamin, b. 1786, at Haverhill, Mass.; 
 grad. Dartmouth Coll., 1813. The National, The Introduc 
 tion or Common School, and Mental, Arithmetics, Boston, 
 1840. Algebra, 1852. Practical Surveying. 
 
 Greenleaf, F. Abridgt of Burn's Justice,, Bost., 1773. 
 
 Greenleaf, Rev. Jona. Sketches of Eccles. Hist, 
 of Maine, 1821, 12mo. 
 
 Greenleaf, Moses, d. 1834, aged 55, at Williams- 
 burg, Maine. 1. A Statistical View of the District of 
 Maine, Bost., 1816, 8vo. Reviewed by B. Rand in N. 
 Amer. Rev., iii. 362-425. 2. A Survey of the State of 
 Maine, Portland, 1829, Svo, and Atlas. 
 
 Greenleaf, Simon, LL.D., 1783-1853, a native of 
 Newburyport, Mass., was the son of a captain in the 
 Revolutionary Army, and a connection on the mother's 
 side of the family of the late Chief-Justice Parsons ; com 
 menced the practice of the law in Standish, Maine, 1806, 
 and in the same year removed to Gray, where he remained 
 for twelve years ; removed to Portland, 1818 ; appointed 
 Reporter of the Supreme Court of Maine, 1820-32 ; suc 
 ceeded Prof. Ashmun as Royall Prof, of Law in the Dane 
 Law School, 1833 ; transferred to the Dane Professorship, 
 vacant by the death of Judge Story, 1846; resigned this 
 post in consequence of failing health, 1848. Mr. Green- 
 leaf left a widow, to whom he was married in 1806, and 
 two sons and two daughters, the only remaining mem 
 bers of a large family of children. Professor Greenleaf's 
 principal works are 1. A Full Collection of Cases, Over 
 ruled, Denied, Doubted, or Limited in their application, 
 taken from American and English Reports, Portland, 
 1821 ; 3d ed., by E. Hammond, N. York, 1840. Mr. Green- 
 leaf was induced to prepare this work in consequence of 
 having relied upon a' decision which was proved to have 
 been overruled. 
 
 "Mr. Greenleaf will have rendered to his profession a most 
 eminent service if, by presenting so many examples of corrected 
 error, he shall induce his brethren to examine decisions without 
 fear, and the courts to revise them without reluctance." T. MET- 
 CALF : N. Amer. Rev., xv. 65-72, q. v. : also vol. xxii. 30. 
 
 " I am glad to hear that your Overruled Cases are printed. I 
 want to get a copy, and interleave it, so as to provide gradually 
 for a new edition. ... I send you an additional list of late over 
 ruled cases, which you can use when you have occasion. I mean 
 to enlarge it from time to time, as I read and write." JUDGE 
 STORY, Dec. 11, 1821 : Story's Life and Letters, i. 404. 
 
 " The second edition purported to be by Professor Greenleaf, 
 but he had nothing to do with either the second or third ; and all 
 additions, since the first, are by other hands." Marvin's Leg. 
 Bibl., 348. 
 
 See also Bentham's Legislation, by Neal, 61; MS. note 
 in Overruled Cases in Dane Law Library. 
 
 2. Reports of Cases in the Supreme Ct. of Maine, 1820- 
 31. Hallowell and Portland, 1822-35, 9 vols. 8vo. New 
 ed., with Notes and References to later Decisions, by E. 
 H. Bennett, Bost., 1852, 9 vols. in 8, Svo. The Digest of 
 1st ed. was pub. in 9th vol., and also separately, Portland, 
 1835, Svo. 
 
 " You must not feel too anxious about your Reports. A young 
 author is apt to be unduly sensitive as to the fate of his produc 
 tions. I have no doubt as to the success of yours; and I am sure 
 that the profession will join heartily in your favour." JUDGE 
 STORY, Dec. 11, 1821 : Story's Life and Letters, i. 404. 
 
 " Mr. Greenleaf is of the order of compendious reporters. He is 
 lucid and direct in his statement of cases; his arguments of 
 course are arranged with logical exactness and a well-conceived 
 brevity, which give us their outline well, and yet without any 
 sinuosities. He is happy in his discrimination of the onus of the 
 reasoning and his consequent exposition of it. Mr. Greenleaf is 
 always concise, while throughout he never fails to be just; and 
 this is no small praise, when the longest or most important case 
 in the volume will be found to allow not above two pages to the 
 argument of counsel." N. Amer. Rev., xxii. 27-34 ; notice of vol. 
 ii. See 4 Amer. Jur., 133 ; xiv. 238 ; 2 U. S. Lit. Gaz., 463 ; 1 U. S. 
 Rev. and Lit. Gaz., 150. 
 
 3. A Treatise on the Law of Evidence, vol. i., 1842, 
 ii., 1846, iii., 1853. Vol. i. has reached the 7th ed.; 
 vol. ii. the 4th ed. ; vol. iii. the 2d ed. Before the ap 
 pearance of this work, the American Bar was dependent 
 upon the manuals of Starkie and Phillips. Mr. Green- 
 leafs treatise took at once, and has ever since maintained, 
 the highest rank. 
 
 " I am glad to hear that you are going on with your work on 
 Evidence, which I shall look to with deep interest as a noble con 
 tribution to the common stock of the school." JUDGE STORY. 
 Feb. 6, 1840 : Story's Life and Letters, ii. 328. 
 
 "It is no mean honour to America that her schools of juris 
 prudence have produced two of the first writers and bestresteemed 
 legal authorities of this century ; the great and good man [Judge 
 Story] who has just been taken from us, and his worthy and 
 
 GRE 
 
 eminent associate, Professor Greenleaf. Upon the existing Law 
 of Contracts, and the Law of Evidence, more light has shone 
 from the New "World than from all the lawyers who adorn the 
 courts of Europe." Lon. Law Mag. 
 
 And see Warren's Law Stu., 2d ed., 755, 756 j 27 Amer. 
 Jur., 237, 379 j 5 Law Rev., 49; vi. 521 ; ix. 90; 1 Pa. 
 L. J., 158 ; Duer on Insur., 170, n. ; Joy on Confessions, 
 App. B. 
 
 4. Examination of the Testimony of the Four Evangel- 
 sts, by the Rules of Evidence administered in Courts of 
 Justice. With an Account of the Trial of Jesus, Ac., 
 1846, 8vo ; Lon., 1847, 8vo. 
 
 "Our grateful acknowledgments are respectfully tendered to 
 Professor Greenleaf for these his labours. We the more value 
 them because they regard matters of fact, which they treat of 
 naturally and appositely, just as such topics ought to be handled." 
 Christian Reformer. 
 
 "The work is inscribed to the members of the legal profession ; 
 but it will be found equally interesting to clergymen, and to all 
 others who may be disposed to examine the subject." Advert. 
 
 "He [Judge Story] had studied the evidences of Christianity 
 with professional closeness and care, and had given to them the 
 testimony of his full assent ; and he has often been heard to de 
 clare, that, in his judgment, the great facts of the gospel history were 
 attested by a mass of evidence which, in any court of law, would be 
 perfectly satisfactory and conclusive." Prof. Greenleaf ''s Discourse 
 commemorative of the Life and Character of the Hon. Joseph Story, 
 LL.D. 
 
 5. Cruise's Digest, <tc. : see CRUISE, WM. We also 
 notice 6. A Discourse pronounced at the Inauguration 
 of the author as Royall Professor of Law in Harvard 
 Univ., Aug. 26, 1834, Bost., 1834, 8vo. 7. A Discourse 
 commemorative of the Life and Character of the Hon. 
 Joseph Story, LL.D., <fcc., 1845, 8vo. This is an eloquent 
 tribute to the merits of a truly great man, between whom 
 and his eulogist there existed ties of the closest intimacy 
 and of the most endearing character. Associated intimately 
 for thirteen years in the Dane Law School, the friendship 
 and attachment with which they had entered upon the 
 joint discharge of their duties invigorated and enlivened 
 their arduous efforts for the benefit of the institution 
 whose prosperity they had so much at heart. It was at 
 the instance of Judge Story that his friend was called to 
 supply the place ; but we shall do injustice to the subject 
 by using any other language than that which has already 
 been eloquently employed upon this theme: 
 
 " Our connection has been to me, indeed, a source of inexpres 
 sible pleasure and satisfaction. I recollect, with pride, that when 
 Professor Ashmun died my thoughts turned upon you as the 
 man of all others best fitted to supply his place ; and the corpora 
 tion, with an unanimity and promptitude which deserve the 
 highest commendation, seconded the choice. . . . But for you the 
 School would never have attained its present rank. Your learn 
 ing, your devotion to its interests, your untiring industry, your 
 steadfast integrity of purpose and action, have imparted to all 
 our efforts a vigour and ability, without which, I am free to say, 
 that I should have utterly despaired of success. Nay, more : but 
 for your constant co-operation and encouragement in the common 
 task I should have drooped and lingered by the wayside. But 
 what I dwell on with peculiar delight, is the consciousness 
 that we have never been rivals, but in working together have gone 
 hand in hand throughout; that not a cloud has ever passed over 
 our mutual intercourse, and that we have lived as brothers 
 should live ; and, I trust in God, we shall die such. . . . Most 
 truly and affectionately, 
 
 "Tour faithful friend, 
 
 JOSEPH STORY. 
 "Cambridge, January 6, 1842." 
 
 Story's Life and Letters, ii., 409-411. 
 
 Many of the facts recorded in Prof. Greenleaf s Discourse 
 on the Life and Character of Judge Story (see No. 7, ante) 
 will be found in his biographical sketch of this eminent 
 jurist in The National Portrait-Gallery of Distinguished 
 Americans. Of this sketch Judge Story remarks, in a 
 letter to the author, dated April 15, 1835, 
 
 "I think it one of the most finished and elegant compositions I 
 ever read, and I am only too conscious that the main attractions 
 of the picture you have drawn are due to the skill and touching 
 kindness of the artist." Story's Life and Letters, ii. 197. 
 
 Greenleaf, Thomas. Laws of New York, 1777- 
 97, N. York, 1797, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Greenly, Lady Coffin. Prac. Serms. for every 
 Sunday in the Year, 5th ed., Lon., 1843, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 These admirable sermons have hitherto been published 
 without the writer's name, and many thousand copies 
 have been sold. 
 
 " They were constantly read in the families of Dr. Huntingford, 
 late Bishop of Hereford, and of Dr. Van Mildert, late Bishop of 
 Durham, the latter of whom often regretted he could not discover 
 the author, that he might distinguish him by preferment in the 
 Church, concluding the sermons to have been written by a clergy 
 man of no common ability." Preface to the 5th Edition. 
 Greenough, G. B. Geology, Lon., 1819, 8vo. 
 Greenough, Horatio, 1806-1852, an eminent Ame 
 rican sculptor, was a native of Boston, Mass. For the 
 particulars of his career as an artist, and a specimen of 
 
 735 
 
GRE 
 
 GRE 
 
 his merits as an author, we refer the reader to A Memorial 
 of Horatio Greenough, consisting of a Memoir, and Selec 
 tions from his Writings, Essays on Art, Ac. by Henry 
 T. Tuckcrman, N. York, 1853, 12mo. 
 
 Greensted, Francis. Fugitive Pieces, 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Greenup, J. Human Liberty, Lon., 1731, 8vo. 
 
 Greenville, Granville, or Grenville, Denis, 
 D.D., d. at Paris, 1703, a son of Bevil Greenville, and 
 brother of Sir John Greenville, was installed Dean of 
 Durham in 1684, and deprived of his preferments in 1690, 
 in consequence of his refusal to acknowledge William and 
 Mary. He pub. several theolog. treatises, serms., Ac., 
 1684-89. 
 
 " In bigotry for restoration of James II. he probably excelled all 
 his contemporaries." 
 
 " You had an uncle whose memory I shall ever revere : make 
 him your example. Sanctity sate so easy, so unaffected, and so 
 graceful upon him, that in him we beheld the very beauty of holi 
 ness." LORD LANSDOWNE : in a Letter to Dean Greenville's nephew. 
 
 See Gen. Diet ; Biog. Brit. ; Athen. Oxon. ; Hutchin- 
 son's Durham ; Comber's Life of Comber. 
 
 Greenville, George. See GRANVILLE. 
 
 Greenway, Dr. James, of Dinwiddie county, Vir 
 ginia. Agricult., Ac. con. to Trans. Amer. Soc., iii. 226, 
 231-234. 
 
 Greenwood. Young Artist's Guide to the Use of 
 the Black-Lead Pencil, Lon., ob. 8vo. 
 
 " In this work the author has sought to exhibit freedom of pen 
 cilling in preference to a style of finished neatness." Dedication 
 to Sir M. A. Stiee. 
 
 Greenwood, Abr. Address to Young People, Lon., 
 1796, 12mo. 
 
 Greenwood, It ev. Charles, b. 1821, at Greenwood, 
 N. Hampshire. The Child and the Man; or, Children, 
 the Sabbath School, and the World. With an Introduc. 
 by Rev. E. N. Kirk, Bost., 1855, 12rno. 
 
 " It cannot be read without quickening Christian activities, and 
 should be widely circulated." National Mag. 
 
 Greenwood, Daniel. Serms., 1672, '80. 
 
 Greenwood, Francis William Pitt, D.D., 1797- 
 1843, a native of Boston, educated at Harvard, became 
 pastor of the New South Church, Boston, travelled in 
 Europe, and subsequently settled in Baltimore, and in 
 1824 was made associate minister of King's Chapel, Bos 
 ton. 1. Chapel Liturgy, Bost., 1827, 12mo. 2. Psalms 
 and Hymns, 1830. 3. Hist, of King's Chapel, Boston, 
 1833, 12mo. 4. Serms. to Children. 5. Lives of the 
 Twelve Apostles, 1838, '46. 6. Serms. of Consolation, 
 1842, '47 : see Christian Examiner; Christian Register. 
 7. Serms. on various subjects, 2 Vols. 8vo. 8. Miscella 
 neous Writings edited by his son, 1846, 12mo. Dr. G. 
 was at one time editor of The Unitarian Miscellany, and 
 in 1837 and 1838 was an associate editor of The Christian 
 Examiner, to which he was a frequent contributor for 
 many years. 
 
 Greenwood, Col. George. 1. Hints on Horse 
 manship, Lon., 16mo. 2. Cavalry Sword Exercise, 1840, 
 12mo. 3. The Tree-Lifter; or, a New Method of Trans 
 planting Forest Trees, 1844, 8vo. 
 
 "An ingenious treatise, explanatory of a simple, but, as we 
 should suppose, an efficient, machine for raising trees of large size, 
 with a considerable bole of earth round them, so that their roots 
 may not receive injury." Britannia. 
 
 Greenwood, Grace. See LIPPINCOTT, SARA JANE. 
 
 Greenwood, Henry. 1. Day of Judgment, Ac., 
 Lon., 1614, 8vo. 2. Seven Tracts or Serms., 1628, 8vo. 
 3. Serm., 1634, 8vo. 4. Works, 13th ed., 1650, 12mo. 
 
 Greenwood, Isaac, Prof, of Mathematics at Cam 
 bridge, New England. Astronom., Ac. con. to Phil. 
 Trans., 1728. 
 
 Greenwood, J. B. Collec. of Statutes and Parts 
 of Statutes, Ac., Lon., 1830, 12mo. 
 
 Greenwood, James. 1. London Vocabulary and 
 Eng. Gram., Lon., 1711, '29, 12mo. Praised by Bicker- 
 staff in the Tatler. 2. The Virgin Muse, 1717, '22, 12mo. 
 
 Greenwood, James. A Rhapsody, Lon., 1776, 4to. 
 
 Greenwood, John, a Puritan, executed at Tyburn, 
 with Hen. Barrow, April 6, 1593, pub. some theolog. trea 
 tises. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Greenwood, Nic. AstronomiaAnglicana; contain 
 ing an absolute and entire Piece of Astronomy in three 
 books, Lon., 1689, fol. 
 
 1832 re A e c nWO d ' Th ma8 * Theol g- works, Lon., 
 Greenwood, Will. A Description of the Passion 
 
 of Love, Ac., Lon., 1657, 8vo. The author has 
 Unmercifully stolen matter without any acknowledgment 
 
 from Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy." ANTHONY WOOD. 
 Greenwood, Wm. 1. Curia Comitatus Rediviva, 
 
 Lon., 1657, 12mo. 2. County Judicatures, 1664, '75, 8vo; 
 
 8th ed., 1680, 12mo. 3. County Courts, Ac., 1668, '75, 
 1722, 8vo; 9th ed., 1730, Svo. 
 
 Greenwood, Wm., D.D. Harmony of the Evan 
 gelists, Lon., 1766, 12mo. Other works. 
 
 Greepe, Thomas. Exploytes of Syr Frauncis Drake, 
 Lon., 1587, 4to. White Knights, 1909, 10. 
 
 Greer, Mrs. J. R. 1. Quakerism ; or, The Story of 
 my Life, Lon., 1851, '52, p. Svo. 2. The Society of Friends ; 
 a Domestic Narrative, 1852, '54, 2 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 Greffyn, W. See GRIFFITH. 
 
 Greg, John, or William. See GRIGG. 
 
 Greg, or Gregg, Rev. John Anthony. 1. The 
 Solitary Frenchman; a Poem, trans. 1784, '94, Svo. 
 2. Hierogamy, 1801, Svo. 
 
 Greg, Thomas. 1. Letter rel. to Ploughing heavy 
 and wet Land, Lon., 1809, Svo. 2. Report of his System 
 of Farming, 1810, Svo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Greg, W. Rathbone. The Creed of Christendom, 
 Lon., 1851, Svo. Commended by the Westminster Review, 
 Prospective Review, Economist, Ac. 
 
 Gregg, F. 1. Law, Ac. of B'kruptcy, Lon., 1826, '38, 
 Svo. 2. New B'krupt Act, 1826, Svo. 3. Law, Ac. of 
 B'kruptcy as regards Meetings, Ac., 1838, 12mo. 4. Costs 
 in B'kruptcy, 2d ed., 183S, 12mo. 
 
 Gregg, Josiah. Scenes and Incidents in the Western 
 Prairies. New ed., Phila., 1856. 
 
 Gregg, T.D., Chaplain of St. Nicholas Within, Dublin. 
 1. Discuss, with T. Maguire, Dubl., 1839, Svo. 2. Protest 
 ant Ascendency Vindicated, Dubl., 1840, 12mo. 3. Serms., 
 1846, Svo. 4. Free Thoughts on Protestant Matters, 2d 
 ed., 1847, p. Svo. 
 
 Gregor, Francis, M.P. for Cornwall, d. 1815, aged 
 55, pub. three polit. pamph., 1810-12. 
 
 Gregor, Rev. Wm., pub. two serms., 1805, '09, and 
 con. geological papers to Phil. Trans., Ac., 1805-15. 
 
 Gregory, Arthur. 1. L'Abridgt. des Cases, Ac., Lon., 
 1599, 12mo. 2. The Moot- Book, Ac., trans, into Eng., and 
 enlarged by W. Hughes, 1663, 4to. 
 
 Gregory, David, 1661-1708, a native of Aberdeen, 
 Scotland, a nephew of James Gregory, Prof, of Mathematics 
 in the Univ. of St. Andrew's, succeeded his uncle at the 
 early age of twenty-three, and in 1691 was elected Savilian 
 Prof, of Astronomy at Oxford. He pub. works on Geo 
 metry, Astronomy, Ac., in Latin, 1684-1703, and contri 
 buted a number of papers to Phil. Trans., 1694-1704. 
 1. Astronomiae, Physicae, et Geometriae Elementa, Oxon., 
 1702, fol. In Eng., with addits. by E. Stone, 1713, '26, 2 
 vols. Svo. 2. Euclidus Opera omnia, Gr. et Lat, Oxf., 1703, 
 fol. See Biog. Brit. ; Button's Diet. ; Encyc. Brit. ; Letters 
 by Eminent Persons. We shall have occasion to notice 
 several of the members of this distinguished family, the 
 most illustrious in the annals of British science. For two 
 centuries the name of Gregory has accumulated fresh 
 honours with each succeeding generation, and sixteen of 
 the family have held British professorships. Whilst the 
 subject of this memoir was Professor of Mathematics at 
 Oxford, his brother James occupied the same post at Edin 
 burgh, and another brother, Charles, discharged similar 
 duties at St. Andrew's. Here is nobility, indeed, far out 
 shining 
 
 " The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power, 
 And all that beauty, all that wealth e'er gave!" 
 
 Gregory, Duncan Farquharson, d. 1844, aged 30, 
 Fellow and Sub-Lecturer of Trin. Coll., Camb., a distin 
 guished mathematician, was a descendant of James Gre 
 gory, (1639-1675,) the celebrated author of the Reflecting 
 Telescope, the son of James Gregory, M.D., (1753-1821,) 
 Prof, of Medicine in the Univ. of Edinburgh, and the 
 brother of William Gregory, M.D., until his death Prof, 
 of Chemistry in Univ. of Edinburgh. He pub. a work of 
 great merit on The Differential and Integral Calculus, Lon., 
 1841, Svo; 2d ed., by W. Walton, 1846, Svo; and left un 
 finished a work, afterwards completed and pub. by W. 
 Walton, on the Application of Analysis to Solid Geometry, 
 1846, Svo; 2d ed., 1853, Svo. Mr. Gregory was one of the 
 chief projectors of the Cambridge Mathematical Journal, 
 a work of European reputation, and its principal contri 
 butor until the time of his decease. 
 
 Gregory, Edmund. An Historical Anatomy of 
 Christian Melancholy, with a Meditation on John ix. 4, 
 Lon., 1646, 12mo. 
 
 Gregory, F. The Human Soul, 1704, 4to. 
 
 Gregory, Francis, D.D., Rector of Hambledon, 
 Bucks, pub. several serms., a Greek school-book, Ac., 
 1660-98. ^' \ 
 
 Gregory, George, D.D., 1754-1808, son of an Irish 
 clergyman, became Curate of St. Giles, Cripplegate, Lon 
 don, in 1782, and in 1804 was presented to the living of 
 
GRE 
 
 GRE 
 
 West Ham, Essex. He pub. several tbeolog. and literary 
 works, among the principal of which are the following : 
 1. Trans, of Lowth's Lectures on the Sacred Poetry of the 
 Hebrews, Lon., 1787, 1816, 2 vols. 8vo. New ed., 1847, cr. 
 8vo. See LOWTH, ROBERT, D.D. 2. Serms., 1787, '89, 8vo. 
 
 " A pleasing specimen of that kind of manly eloquence which 
 compasses its end without loss of words." Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 3. Life of T. Chatterton, 1789, 8vo. Also in Biog. Brit. 
 4. Hist, of the Christian Church to 1788-90, 2 vola. 12mo; 
 1794-95, 2 vols. 8vo. Grant, in his Hist, of the Christian 
 Church, calls this work an excellent abridgment of 
 Mosheim. 5. Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, 1806, 2 
 vols. 4to. 6. Lectures on Exper. Philos., Astron., and 
 Chem., 1809, 2 vols. 12mo. 7. Letters on Literature, Taste, 
 and Composition, 1810, 2 vols. 12mo. Dr. G. was for many 
 years editor of the New Annual Register. 
 
 Gregory, George. Arithmetic, &c., Lon., 1814, '15. 
 
 Gregory, George, M.D., d. 1853, Lecturer of St. 
 Thomas's Hospital, London. 1. Elements of the Theory 
 and Prac. of Physic, 2d ed., improved, Lon., 1825, 2 vols. 
 Svo; 6th ed., 1846, 8vo. 2. Lects. on Eruptive Fevers, 
 1843, 8vo. 
 
 Gregory, James, 1639-1675, the first of the long line 
 of great men of an illustrious family, (see GREGORY, DAYID,) 
 was a native of Aberdeen, and educated at the grammar 
 school of that place and at Marischal College. In 1663 
 he pub. his Optima promota, in which he gave an account 
 of his discovery of the reflecting telescope. He subse 
 quently gave to the world Vera Circuli et Hyperbolae Quad- 
 ratura, Patav., 1667, 4to; Excercitationes Geometricse, 
 Lon., 1668, '78, 4to; and some other publications. In 
 1668 he was elected Prof, of Mathematics in the Univ. of 
 St. Andrew's, and in 1674 was called to the same chair in 
 the Univ. of Edinburgh. He was a friend of Sir Isaac 
 Newton, who highly valued his remarkable genius. See 
 Biog. Brit, ; Button's Diet. ; Martin's Biog. Philos. ; Pref. 
 to Dr. John Gregory's Works, edit. 1788, 4 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Gregory, James, M.D., 1753-1821, a native of Aber 
 deen, Prof, of the Prac. of Medicine in the Univ. of Edin 
 burgh, was a descendant of the preceding, and the father 
 of the late Duncan F. Gregory, of Trin. Coll., Camb., who 
 displayed, even at the early age at which he died, the re 
 markable mathematical genius which distinguished his 
 great ancestor, and many of his successors for the last two 
 centuries. See GREGORY, DAVID. 1. Dissertatio Medica, 
 Ac., Edin., 1774, 8vo. 2. Conspectus Medicinse Theoreticae 
 in usum Academicum, 1780-82, 2 vols. 8vo. There have 
 been several new edits. 1836, '37, '38, '50 with addits. 
 by Steggall and Venables. This, with the First Four 
 Books of Celsus, comprise the entire Latin Classics required 
 for Examination at Apothecaries' Hall, London. 3. Philos. 
 and Literary Essays, 1793, 8vo. 4. Memorial, 1800, 4to ; 
 1803, 8vo. 5. Cullen's First Lines of the Practice of 
 Physic, with Notes, 7th ed., 2 vols. 8vo. See CULLEN, WM. 
 6. Theory of the Moods of Verbs; Trans. Soc., Edin., 
 1790. 
 
 Gregory, John, 1607-1646, a learned divine, a native 
 of Buckinghamshire, was educated at Christ Church, Ox 
 ford ; Chaplain to Bishop Duppa, 1638; Preb. of Salisbury, 
 1641 ; deprived at the Rebellion. 1. Notes and Observ. on 
 some Passages of Scripture, Oxf., 1646, 4to; Lon., 1660, 
 '65, '71, '83. This work is the first part of the Posthuma. 
 It was trans, into Latin, and remitted into the Critica Sacra. 
 2. Gregorii Posthuma, with Life, pub. by John Gurgany, 
 1649, '50, '61, '65, '71, '83, '84, 4to. Part 1 is composed of 
 the Notes, Ac. above; Part 2 consist of eight pieces: two 
 discourses, one serm., two theolog. treatises, a tract upon 
 Time, one upon the Assyrian Monarchy, and one upon the 
 Terrestrial Globe. 
 
 "This volume contains things learned, curious, and fanciful. 
 The author possessed a considerable portion of learning, but was 
 very eccentric in his flights. Some of the notes are important, 
 and contain a good deal of rabbinical lore. The Dissertation and 
 plates, on the Boy-bishop and the Monk-fish, are curious, and ex 
 hibit some of the follies of former times. His discussions on the 
 Song of the Bow, the Golden Mice, the Silver Shrines, and Cain's 
 Thau, or mark, show how much erudition may be needlessly ex 
 pended on very trifling subjects. The book is still worth having, 
 but at no great expense." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 In 1634 he pub. a 2d ed. in 4to, with Notes, of Sir Thomas 
 Ridley's View of the Civil and Ecclesiastical Law. He 
 also wrote a tract, entitled Alkiblay, "in which he endea 
 voured to vindicate the antiquity of worshipping towards 
 the east;" and left three pieces in MS., trans, by him from 
 Greek into Latin, which were pub. by Edward Bysshe in 
 his own name, q. v. Gregory also left, in MS., Observa- 
 tiones. Ac. Johannis Malelse Chronographia; and he in 
 tended to have pub. a Latin trans, of that author, with 
 annotations. 
 
 " The miracle of his age for critical and curious learning." 
 Athen. Oxon, q. v. 
 
 " He attained to be an exquisite linguist and general scholar; 
 his modesty setting the greater lustre on his learning." Fuller's 
 Worthies, q. v. 
 
 See also Life prefixed to Gregorii Posthuma; Gen. Diet.; 
 Biog. Brit. ; Lloyd's Memoirs ; Fuller's Worthies. 
 
 Gregory, John, Archdeacon of Gloucester. Discourse 
 of the Morality of the Sabbath, Lon., 1681, 8vo. 
 
 Gregory, John, 1724-1773, M.D., a native of Aber 
 deen, grand-nephew of James Gregory, the inventor of the 
 reflecting telescope, studied medicine at Edinburgh, Ley- 
 den, and Paris, and on his return from the continent was 
 appointed Prof, of Philosophy in King's Coll., Aberdeen ; 
 Prof, of Physic in the same institution, 1756-66 ; Prof, of 
 Physic in the Univ. of Edinburgh, 1766-73. 1. Compara 
 tive View of the State and Faculties of Man with those 
 of the Animal World, Lon., 1765, '76, 12mo; 1766, Svo; 
 1774, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Observ. on the Duties, Offices, and 
 Qualifications of a Physician, Ac., 1770, '72, 8vo. 3. Ele 
 ments of the Prac. of Physic, Edin., 1772, 8vo. Left im 
 perfect. The part relating to Febrile Diseases was repub., 
 Lon., 1774, 8vo. 4. A Father's Legacy to his Daughters, 
 1774, 12mo. New ed., 1813. Trans, into French and 
 Italian by John Sivrac, 1794, 12mo. 
 
 " These letters were written by a tender fether in a declining 
 state of health for the instruction of his daughters. They contain 
 a rich treasure of admonition and advice." Editor's Preface. 
 
 5. Whole Works, with Life by Mr. Tytler, (since Lord 
 Woodhouselee,) Edin., 1788, 4 vols. cr. 8vo. Another ac 
 count of Dr. Gregory's Life was written by Wm. Smellie, 
 and pub. with his Lives of Kames, Hume, and Smith. 
 1800, 8vo. 
 
 Gregory, John Mark. 1. Geography and Hist, of 
 Moses, Edin., 1702, 4to. 2. Sepulchres of the Ancients 
 and their Monuments, Lon., 1712. 
 
 Gregory, Joseph. Hist. Discourses, Lon., 1792, 8vo. 
 
 Gregory, Olinthus Gilbert, LL.D., 1774-1841, a 
 native of Yaxley, Huntingdonshire, became mathematical 
 master of the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich in 1802, 
 and subsequently attained the Professor's chair, which he 
 resigned in 1838 in consequence of failing health. His first 
 work, pub. at the age of nineteen, was entitled (1) Lessons, 
 Astronomical and Philosophical, for the Amusement and 
 Instruction of British Youth, Lon., 1793, '97, 12mo ; 4th 
 ed., 1813. 
 
 An excellent little book, worthy of all the popularity it has 
 acquired." Goodhugh's Lib. Man. 
 
 Among his other works are 2. Astronomy, 1802, 8vo. 
 3. Mechanics, 1806, '07, '15, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. Trans, of 
 Hauy's Nat. Philos., 1807, 2 vols. 8vo. 5. Letters to a 
 Friend on the Evidences, Doctrines, and Duties of the 
 Christian Religion, 1815, 2 vols. 12mo ; 9th ed., 1851, 12mo. 
 By the Lon. Rel. Tract Soc., 1853, 18mo. 
 
 " He has united with extraordinary attainments in the severer 
 sciences the art of recommending his sentiments with impressive 
 effect ; and he exhibits, in an eminent degree, the most important 
 ingredients of good writing. . . . We are acquainted with no book 
 in the circle of English literature which is equally calculated to 
 give young persons just views of the evidence, the nature, and 
 the importance of revealed religion." ROBERT HALL : Lon. Eclectic 
 Rev.; and see Hall's collected writings, ed. 1853, vol. iv. 144. 
 
 6. Elements of Plane and Spher. Trigonometry, 1816, 
 12mo. 7. Mathemat. for Prac. Men, 1825, 8vo ; 3d ed., 
 1848, 8vo. 8. Memoirs, Ac. of J. M. Good, M.D., 1828, Svo. 
 
 " It is truly refreshing to turn from the drivelling autobiogra 
 phies of the day to this interesting volume." Spirit and Manners 
 of the Age, March, 1828. 
 
 9. Button's Mathemat. Tables, with 7 addit. Tables, 
 1830, Svo. 10. Button's Course of Mathemat., by 0. 
 Gregory and T. S. Davies, 12th ed., 1840, 2 vols. Svo. 
 11. Hints to the Teachers of Mathemat., 1840, 12mo. 
 Dr. G. was the editor of Pantalogia, (see GOOD, JOHN 
 MASON, M.D.,) and from 1817 had the superintendence 
 of the almanacs pub. by the Stationers' Company of 
 London, a duty in which he succeeded Dr. Button. A 
 biographical sketch of Dr. Gregory will be found in Lon. 
 Gent. Mag. for April, 1841. 
 
 Gregory, Thomas. Serms., Ac., 1694, '96, 1708, 
 all Svo. 
 
 Gregory, Wm. Surgical con. to Phil. Trans., 1738. 
 
 Gregory, Wm. Journal of a Captured Missionary, Ac., 
 Lon., 1800, 8vo. 
 
 Gregory, Wm., M.D.,d. 1858, Prof, of Chemistry in the 
 Univ. of Edinburgh, one of the most distinguished chemists 
 of his age, was a descendant of James Gregory, (1639- 
 1675,) the distinguished inventor of the reflecting telescope. 
 See GREGORY, DAVID; GREGORY, DUNCAN FARQTJHARSON; 
 GREGORY, JAMES. Outlines of Chemistry : Pt. 1, Inor 
 ganic Chemistry; Part 2, Organic Chemistry; 3d ed., 1848, 
 Svo. Amer. ed., enlarged by J. M. Sanders, M.D., LL.D. 
 
GRE 
 
 GKE 
 
 . * /it. -4. 4/u T? !*/ Mo^;/n1 Tnstihite Gin- 1 Qrenville's positions, except the last, which Mr. Burke has not 
 Prof, of Chemistry in the Eclectic Medical Institute, Oin completely * V9rihm ^ !f is tract i s indeed one of the very best 
 
 cinnati, 1851, Svo. specimens of a review that has ever been published, displaying all 
 
 "This is beyond comparison the best introduction to Chemistry ^ deep thinking 
 
 which has yet appeared." Lon. Lancet. \ McCulloch's Lit. of JTUIU. ^ 
 
 2. Hand-book of Organic Chemistry, 1852, Svo. 6. Hand- Mr Grenville noticed Mr. Burke's strictures in An Ap- 
 
 book of Inorganic Chemistry, 3d ed., 1853, 12mo - %*}* pendix to The Present State of the Nation, &c., 1769, Svo. 
 
 big's Animal Chemistry; edited by Dr. G.; 3d ed., 1842, Mr Grenville and his brother Richard Earl Temple 
 
 Svo. 5. Liebig's Instruc. for the Chemical Analysis of were activelv engaged in the politics of the day ; and 
 
 Organic Bodies; trans, by Dr. G. 6. Liebig's Researches much valuable information will be found in their corre- 
 
 on the Chemistry of Food; edited by Dr. G., 1S47, Svo. spon( jence, entitled The Grenville Papers, from the Origi- 
 
 7. Liebig's Researches on the Motion of the Juices in the nftl Mgg pregerved at Stowe. Edited by W. J. Smith, 
 
 Animal Body; edited by Dr. G., 1S48, Syo. 8. Letters to (late librarian at gtowe,) 4 vols. Svo, 1852-53. In the 
 
 a Candid Enquirer on Animal Magnetism. .New ed. in tnirdvo i > w m be found some matter offered as evidence to 
 
 course of preparation in 1853. proye taat L or( j Temple was author of The Letters of 
 
 " A volume destined, we believe, to excite considerable atten- I * 
 tion both from the nature of its subject and the position of the 
 writer." Lon. Notes and Queries. 
 
 9. Baron Von Reichenbach's Researches on Magnet 
 ism, <fec. ; trans, by Dr. G., Svo. 
 
 The merits of this remarkable volume are great." North Brit. 
 
 To Liebig's Chemistry in its Application to Agricult. 
 and Physiology; edited by Dr. G. and Dr. Lyon Playfair; 
 4th ed., 1847, 8vo. 
 
 "Its acceptance as a standard is unavoidable; for, following 
 closely in the straight path of inductive philosophy, the conclu 
 sions which are drawn from its data are incontrovertible." Sitti- 
 man's Journal. 
 
 11. Elements of Chemistry, by the late Dr. Turner, 8th 
 ed., 1847, Svo. 
 
 "The present is, in short, the most complete and the most 
 luminous system of Chemistry in the English language; and we 
 know not one in France or Germany that comes near it." Edin. 
 Med. and Surg. Jour., Jan. 1, 1847. 
 
 Gregson, H. Suggestions for Improving the Condi 
 tion of the Industrious Classes by establishing Friendly 
 Societies and Savings Banks, Lon., 1830, Svo. 
 
 Gregson, Joseph. 1. Fashionable Furniture, 1812, 
 12mo. 2. Fires of London, 1812, Svo. 
 
 Gregson, Matthew. Fragments rel. to 
 and Antiq. of Lancaster, 1817, fol. 
 
 Gregson, Moses. Serm., 1760, '70, both Svo. 
 
 Greig, George. Serm., 1809, '12, both Svo. 
 
 Greig, John. Arithmet, Astronom., and other works, 
 1798-1810. 
 
 Greig, Wm. Road Police, Dubl., 1818, Svo. 
 
 Greisley, Sir Roger, Gresley is the family name 
 but Sir Roger was an antiquary, and inserted another 
 letter, 1801-1837, was educated at Christ Church, Oxford. 
 
 Junius. See JUNIUS. 
 
 Grenville, or Greenvil, Sir Richard. 1. Fight 
 about the Isles of Azoras, Lon., 1591, 4to. 2. Expeditions 
 to Cadiz and Rhee, 1724, Svo. See Clarendon's Hist of 
 the Rebellion. 
 
 Grenville, William Wynclham, Lord, 1759-1834, 
 Chancellor of the Univ. of Oxford, and a statesman of 
 great abilities, was the third son of George Grenville ; - 
 (see ante.) 1. Speech, Lon., 1789, '91, 8vo. 2. Speech, 
 1798, Svo. 3. Speech, 1803, Svo. 4. Letters of the Earl 
 of Chatham to Thomas Pitt, 1804, Svo. 5. New Plan of 
 Finance, 1806, Svo. 6. Letter to the Earl of Fingal, 1S10. 
 7. Nugse Metricse, 1824, 4to.. Copies of this work are of 
 rare occurrence, having been bought up by the family. 
 It has been said that these Poems and the " Primitise et 
 Reliquife" of the Marquis of Wellesley are the most clas 
 sical Latin compositions of the present century. 8. State 
 Papers between him and Chauvelin, 1793, 8vo. 
 
 Gresham, James. The Story of Cinyras and Myrrha, 
 Lon., 1626, 12mo. 
 
 Gresley, Richard N. Law of Evidence in the Cts. 
 of Equity, Lon., 1836, Svo; Phila., 1837, Svo; 2d ed., by 
 the Hist I C - A - Calvert, 1847, r. Svo; Phila., 184S, Svo. 
 
 "A complete and highly satisfactory work." Marvin's Leg. Bibl. 
 
 ; This new edition of a very useful work displays erudition and 
 skill of no common character." Lon. Law Mag. 
 
 The lawyer should add to this excellent work E. R. 
 Daniell's Chancery Practice, R. G. Welford's Equity 
 Pleadings, &c. Judge Story's great work on Equity 
 Pleadings will of course claim many of " his days and 
 nights." 
 
 Gresley, Sir Roger. See GREISLEY. 
 
 Gresley, W., Preb. of Lincoln, a very popular writer, 
 
 1 Sir Philip Gasteneys, a Minor; a Tale, 1829, 12mo. has given to the world (pub. 1835-51) the following works: 
 2'. The Life and Pontificate of Gregory VII., 1832, Svo. 
 
 " He had, during his travels in Italy, imbibed a thorough ab 
 horrence of the abominations and usurpations of the Roman See, 
 and this was the offspring of it." Lon. Gent. Mag., Dec. 1837, q. v. 
 Grellier, J. J. 1. Loans of the last 50 Years, Lon., 
 1799, Svo. 2. Hist, of the National Debt, 1810, Svo. A 
 work of authority. 
 
 Grenewly, Richard. The Annales of Cornelius 
 Tacitus. The Description of Germanic, Lon., 1598, fol. 
 Grenfell, John. Bank-Notes, Lon., 1814, Svo. 
 Grenfell, Pascoe, 1762-1838, M.P., a British mer 
 chant, and warm supporter of Wilberforce in his efforts for 
 the abolition of the slave-trade. Speech in the H. of C., 
 Lon., 1816, Svo. Such men are to be "held in all honour." 
 Grenfield, E. W. Serm., Lon., 1811. 
 Grenneld, Henry. Poems, Lon., 1686, STO. 
 Grenville, Denis. See GREENVILLE. 
 Grenville, George. See GRANVILLE. 
 Grenville, George Nugent, Lord. 1. Portugal; 
 a Poem, 2d ed., Lon., 1812, 4to. 
 
 "Twice, with the most patient attention, have we read every 
 line of this poem, and twice have we risen from the perusal ' per 
 plexed in the extreme.' Lord George Nugent Grenville has, it is 
 certain, published a poem under the title of Portugal ; but, though 
 the stream of verse is sufficiently smooth, it is so prodigiously deep 
 that our plummets have in very few places indeed been able to 
 find the bottom." ion. Quar. Rev., vii. 151-158, q. v. 
 
 2. Oxford and Locke, 1829. Relates to the expulsion 
 of Locke from the Univ. of Oxford, and defends the Uni 
 versity against the censures of Dugald Stewart. 
 
 Grenville, George, 1702-1770, M.P., filled the 
 offices of Treasurer of the Navy, First Lord of the Admi- 
 
 1. Anglo-Catholicism. '2. Bernard Leslie. 3. Charles Le 
 ver. 4. Church Clavering. 5. Clement Walton. 6. Col- 
 ton Green. 7. Coniston Hall. 8. Ecclesiastes Anglicanus. 
 . Evangelical Truth and Apostolical Order. 10. Forest 
 of Arden. 11. Frank's First Trip to the Continent. 
 12. Help to Prayer. 13. Henri de Clermont. 14. Holi 
 day Tales. 15. Ordinance of Confession. 16. Portrait of 
 an" English Churchman. 17. Real Danger of the Ch. of 
 Eng. ; 1st statement. 18. Second statement. 19. Third 
 statement. 20. Serms. on the Duties of a Christian. 
 21. Ditto at Oxford. 22. Do. Parochial. 23. Do. Practi 
 cal. 24. Siege of Lichfield. 25. Short Treatise on the 
 English Church. 26. Suggestions on the New Statute to 
 be proposed in the Univ. of Oxford. 
 
 "Among the writers who of late have sought to revive the 
 practical teaching of the English Church in a popular form, few 
 have been more successful than the author of Bernard Leslie." 
 
 Gressop, Thomas. Pope's Primacie, Lon., 1560, Svo. 
 This is a trans, from Nilus, Archbp. of Thessalonica. 
 
 Greswell, Edward, Fellow of Corpus Christi Coll., 
 Oxf., a son of the Rev. William Parr Greswell, (see post.) 
 1. An Expos, of the Parables and other parts of the Gos 
 pels, Lon., 1834-35, 5 vols. 8vo. An elaborate review of 
 this " great and learned work" will be found in the Brit 
 Crit. for Oct. 1835. 2. Harmonia Evangelica, Oxon., 1830, 
 Svo; 4th ed., 1845, Svo. Part 6 was first added in 3d 
 ed., 1840, Svo. R. Mimpriss's English Harmony should 
 accompany Greswell's work. 3. Dissertations upon the 
 Principles and Arrangement of a Harmony of the Gos 
 pels, 1830, 3 vols. 8vo ; Supp. Dissert., 1834, Svo ; 2d ed., 
 1837, 4 vols. in 5, Svo. In the 2d ed. the Supp. Disserts. 
 
 ralty, First Lord of the Treasury, and (1765) Chancellor have been incorporated and much new matter added. 
 
 of the Exchequer. 1. Considerations on the Commerce 
 and Finances of England. 2. The Present State of the 
 Nation, 1769, Svo. This was ascribed to Mr. Grenville, 
 and also to his former secretary, Mr. Knox. It was 
 answered by Edmund Burke in Observations on a late 
 Publication entitled The Present State of the Nation, 
 1769, Svo. 
 
 "It is not going too far to say that there is scarcely one of Mr. 
 733 
 
 His Harmony forms but a portion of the valuable critical 
 apparatus which he has constructed for the benefit of the critical 
 student; and, taken together with the Dissertations, it will enable 
 the reader to make himself master of the whole range of inquiry 
 relating to the chronology of the New Testament and the struc 
 ture and composition of the Gospels." ion. Eclectic Rev., June, 
 1838. 
 
 4. Fasti Teinporis Catholici, et Origenes Kalendan, 
 1852, 5 vols. Svo ; and General Tables, 4to. 
 
GEE 
 
 GEE 
 
 Greswell, Wm. 1. Comment, on tbe Burial Service, 
 Oxf., 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Popular View of the Corresp. be 
 tween the Mosaic Ritual and the Facts and Doctrines of 
 the Christian Religion, 1834, 8vo. 
 
 "A valuable accession to the tracts which have already been 
 written thereon. Mr. Greswell has clearly proved and confirmed 
 the doctrine of the Apostle, that the law was merely a shadow of 
 good things to come." Lon. Chris. Remembrancer. 
 
 Greswell, William Parr, Incumbent of Denton, 
 parish of Manchester, father of the Rev. Edward Gres 
 well, (see ante,) d. 1854, aged 89. 1. Memoirs of Angelus 
 Politianus, <fcc., Manches., 1801, '05, 8vo. 
 "An elegantly-written and highly-interesting work." HORNE. 
 2. Annals of Parisian Typography, 1818, 8vo. 3. A 
 View of the Early Parisian Greek Press. Edited by his 
 son, Edward Greswell, Oxf., 1833, 2 vols. 8vo. Brunet 
 remarks of these two works : 
 
 " Ces deux ouvrages sont des compilations qui ne renfennent 
 presque aucun fait nouveau, et ou nous avons remarque' bien des 
 inexactitudes. Neanmoins. ils se font lire avec interet." Manuel 
 du Libraire, <&c. 
 
 "Those who love to peruse such (bibliographical) researches 
 will find a rich treat in these volumes." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 "It displays great learning and research." Lon. Lit. Gazette. 
 4. A Sequel to No. 3. This was suppressed. 5. The 
 Monastery of St. Werburg ; a Poem, with Notes, 1823, 8vo. 
 Gretton, George, D.D. A Charge, Lon., 1812. 
 Gretton, Phillips, D.D. Serms.,<fcc.,1725-32, all 8vo. 
 Greville. Brit. India Analyzed, Lon., 1793, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 Greville, Rt. Hon. Charles. Con. on Nat. Philos. 
 to Phil. Trans., 1798, 1803, and Nich. Jour., 1799, 1803. 
 
 Greville, Mrs. Frances, was a daughter of James 
 Macartney, the wife of Fulke Greville, and the mother 
 of the celebrated beauty, Mrs. Crewe, and of Capt. Wil 
 liam Fulke Greville. She wrote, about 1753, a short 
 poem, entitled Prayer for Indifference, which obtained 
 wide popularity, and elicited several responses, of which 
 the best-known is that by the Countess of C , pre 
 sumed to be Isabella, Countess of Carlisle, who died in 
 1793. 
 
 Greville, Fulke, Fulk, or Foulk, Lord Brooke, 
 1554-1628, was son to Sir Fulke Grevill, of Beauchamp 
 Court, in Warwickshire. He was entered of Trinity Col 
 lege, Cambridge, and subsequently completed his studies 
 at Oxford. After attaining distinction at court and being 
 honoured by a seat at the Privy Council, he was assassi 
 nated by one of his domestics, named Ralph Heywood. 
 He was so much attached to an illustrious contemporary 
 poet that he styled himself on his tombstone " THE 
 FRIEND OF SIR PHILIP SIDNEY :" and he wrote 1. The 
 Life of the renowned Sir Philip Sidney, pub. in 1652, 
 12tno. Reprinted by Sir Egerton Brydges at the private 
 press of Lee Priory, Kent, 1816, 2 vols. r. 8vo. 2. A Letter 
 to an Hon. Lady. 3. A Letter of Travell. 4. Cselica ; a 
 collection of 109 Songs. 5. A Treatise of Human Learn 
 ing, in 15 stanzas. 6. An Inquisition upon Fame and 
 Honour, in 86 stanzas. 7. A Treatise of Warres, in 68 
 stanzas. 8. Alaham; a Tragedy. 9. Mustapha; a Tra 
 gedy. These tragedies, with a Letter to a Lady and the 
 Poems mentioned above, were pub. in a " squab folio," 
 Lon., 1633, under the title of Certaine Learned and Ele 
 gant Workes of the Right Honourable Fulke, Lord Brooke, 
 written in his Youth, and Familiar Exercise with Sir 
 Philip Sidney. Some of the smaller pieces had appeared 
 in England's Helicon, 1600. 10. A Speech in Parliament, 
 recorded by Lord Bacon. 11. Remains; being Poems on 
 Morality and Religion, 1670, 8vo. The two following 
 have been ascribed to him, but are disputed : 12. Five 
 Yeares of King James, 1643, '51, 4to. 13. M. Tullius 
 Cicero ; a Tragedy. Lord Brooke's works, whatever their 
 merits, are certainly not of that character which can com 
 mand attention beyond their own age. 
 
 " A man of much note in his time, but one of those admired 
 wits who have lost much of their reputation in the eyes of pos 
 terity. A thousand accidents of birth, court-favour, or popularity, 
 concur sometimes to gild a slender proportion of merit." Wai- 
 pole's JR. <& 2V. Authors. 
 
 "Notwithstanding Lord Orford's detracting estimate of this 
 nobleman, he appears to have had a taste for all kinds of polite 
 learning, though his inclination as well as his genius led him par 
 ticularly to poetry and history ; and Phillips or Milton [Theatrum 
 Poetarum] remarks, that m all his poems is observable a close, 
 mysterious, and sententious way of writing, but without much 
 regard to elegancy of style or smoothness of verse." PARK. 
 
 " The author has been so careful [in Mustapha] in observing the 
 Rules of Aristotle and Horace, that whereas Horace says, 
 
 ' Neo quarta loqui persona laboret,' 
 
 he has in no scene throughout introduced above two Speakers, 
 except in the Chorus between each Act : and even there he ob 
 serves all the Rules laid down by that great Master in the Art of 
 Poetry." Langbaine's Dramatic* Poets. 
 
 Boltoc, in his Hypercritica, styles this tragedy the 
 
 " Matchless Mustapha ;" and Davies of Hereford inscribed 
 fourteen lines "to the immortal memory and deserved 
 honour of the writer of the tragedy of Mustapha." Sir 
 Philip Sidney thus welcomes his two " worthy friends and 
 fellow-poets, Sir Edward Dyer and Mr. Fulke Grevill." 
 " Welcome my two to me ! 
 
 The number best beloved, 
 Within my heart you be 
 
 In friendship unremoved. 
 Joyne hands and hearts, so let it be, 
 Make but one minde in bodies three." 
 Other stanzas ; vide Davidson's Poeticall Rliapsody, 1602, 
 
 Bishop Corbet thought his lordship's accomplishments 
 worthy of commemoration : 
 
 " The phrase and welcome of the knight did make 
 The seat more elegant ; every word he spake 
 Was wine and music." 
 
 Visit to Lord Brook, in his Iter Boreale. 
 
 Baxter, the celebrated Nonconformist, thus refers to his 
 Poems of Monarchy and Religion : 
 
 "Sir Fulk Grevill, Lord Brook, a man of great-note in his age, 
 hath a poem lately printed (1670) for subject's liberty, which I 
 greatly wonder this age could bear." Prefatory Address to Bax 
 ter's Poetical Fragments, 1681. 
 
 "These two Tragedies of Lord Brooke [Alaham and Mustapha] 
 might with more propriety have been termed political treatises 
 than plays. Their author has strangely contrived to make pas 
 sion, character, and interest, of the highest order, subservient to 
 the expression of state dogmas and mysteries. . . . Whether we 
 look into his plays, or his most passionate love-poems, we shall 
 find all frozen and made rigid with intellect." CHARLES' LAMB. 
 
 " The titles of Lord Brooke's poems, A Treatise of Human Learn 
 ing, A Treatise of Monarchy, A Treatise of Religion, An Inquisi 
 tion upon Fame and Honour, lead us to anticipate more of sense 
 than fancy. In this we are not deceived ; his mind was pregnant 
 with deep reflection upon multifarious learning, but he struggles 
 to give utterance to thoughts which he had not fully endowed 
 with words, and amidst the shackles of rhyme and metre which 
 he had not learned to manage. Hence, of all our poets he may be 
 reckoned the most obscure; in aiming at condensation he becomes 
 elliptical beyond the bounds of the language, and his rhymes, 
 being forced for the sake of sound, leave all meaning behind. Lord 
 Brooke's poetry is chiefly worth notice as an indication of that 
 thinking spirit upon political science which was to produce the 
 riper speculations of Hobbes, and Harrington, and Locke." Hal- 
 lam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 " As to Fulke Greville, he is like nothing but one of his own 
 ' Prologues spoken by the ghost of an old king of Ormus,' a truly 
 formidable and inviting personage: his style is apocalyptical, 
 cabalistical, a knot worthy of such an apparition to untie ; and 
 for the unravelling a passage or two, I would stand the brunt of 
 an encounter with so portentous a commentator." HazlM's Table 
 Talk : Of Persons One Would Wish to Have Seen. 
 
 Greville, Fulke, grandson of the fifth Lord Brooke, 
 and husband of Mrs. Frances Greville. 1. Maxims, Cha 
 racters, and Reflections, Lon. 1757, '68, 8vo. 
 
 "A work of considerable reputation." Lon.Month.Rev.,Nov.nQQ. 
 
 2. Reflection; a Poem, 1790, 4to. 3. Letter to the 
 Monthly Reviewers, 1790, 8vo. See Lon. Month. Rev., 
 ubi supra. 
 
 Greville, Henry F. Polit.,<fcc.works,18p4-ll,all8vo. 
 
 Greville, Robert, Lord Brooke, slain in the Parlia 
 mentary army at Lichfield in 1643, in his thirty-fifth year, 
 was the adopted heir and successor to his cousin Fulke 
 Greville, Lord Brooke. 1. The Nature of Truth, Lon., 
 1641, 8vo. 2. A Discourse opening the Nature of that 
 Episcopie which is Exercised in England, 1641, 4to. 
 
 " Assisted therein by some puritanical minister, and printed 
 when the press was open to receive all books against the preroga 
 tive and bishops." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 " Dedicated to the parliament by him who, both for his life and 
 for his death, deserves that what advice he left should not lie by 
 without perusal." JOHN MILTON : Prose Works, q. v. 
 
 3. Two Speeches at Guildhall, 1642, 4to. 4. Answer to 
 the Speech of Philip, Earl of Pembroke, <fcc., 1642, 4to. 
 Not the production of Greville, but drawn up by the Earl 
 of Clarendon as containing Greville's sentiments. 5. Speech 
 at Election, 1643, 4to. 
 
 Lord Clarendon considered that Greville's death was a 
 judgment of Providence : 
 
 " It is observable that the same man who was by one party 
 looked upon as a monument of divine vengeance was by the 
 other reverenced as a saint. Baxter has placed Lord Brooke in 
 heaven together with White, Pym, and Hampden." Granger's 
 Biog. Hist, of Eng. 
 
 " A person who for the nobleness of his extraction, and many 
 personal endowments, deserved a better fate; at least to have 
 fallen in a better cause ; and who, had he lived, (it is believed by 
 his friends,) would soon have seen through the pretences of a 
 faction." Sir Wm. Dugdale's Baronage. 
 
 But this supposition elicits the violent indignation of 
 Horace Walpole : 
 
 " There is not the least reason to suppose that this Lord Brooke 
 would have abandoned his principles." B. and N. Authors, q. v. 
 
 See also Biog. Brit.; Lloyd's State Worthies; Lord 
 Clarendon's Life and Hist. ; Lodge's Illust. 
 
 Greville, Robert Kaye. 1. The Scottish Crypto- 
 gamic Flora, Edin., 1822-28. 6 vols. r. 8vo, 360 plates, 
 
 739 
 
ORE 
 
 GRE 
 
 col'd 16 16. ; uncol'd, 10 10. This should accompany j pole's R. and N. Authors ; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; Nichols's 
 the 36 vols of Sowerby's En>lih Botany, which work does j Leicestershire under Broadgate Park; and see conclusion 
 not comprehend Cryptoganfous Plants. Greville's work ' - f *" "i- A 1*1^,,^ i v hotw^n ivtn ,i ._ 
 is of the highest authority : 
 
 " A truly admirable work, whether we consider the importance 
 its fritinl rlisrMissinns. the accuracy of the drawings, or the 
 
 of its critical discussions, the accuracy of the drawings, 
 minuteness of the analyses." London's Garden. Mag. 
 2. Flora Edinensis ; Plants of Edinburgh, 1824, 
 
 8vo. 
 
 3. Algaa Britannicse, 8vo. 4. K. K. U. ana & vym. j. 
 Hooker. Icones Filicum ; or, Figures and Descrip. of Ferns, 
 Ac., 1829-31, 2 vols. fol., 240 plates ; col'd, 25 4*. ; un 
 col'd, 12 12. This is Sir Wm. J. Hooker's greatest 
 work, v. n. 
 
 Grew, J., M.D. Yellow Fever at Gibraltar, Ac. 
 Grew, Nehemiah, M.D., 1628 ?-1711, an eminent 
 vegetable anatomist and physiologist, was a son of the ! 
 Rev. Dr. Obadiah Grew, (see post.) He was a man of great 
 learning and piety, and in his writings endeavoured to 
 lead his readers 
 
 " From Nature up to Nature's God." 
 
 1. The Anatomy of Vegetables, Lon., 1672, 8vo. 2. Ana 
 tomy of Plants, 1672, 8vo. 3. Idea of a Phytological 
 Hist, of Plants, Ac., 1673, '75, '77, 8vo. 4. Anatomy of 
 Plants, Ac., 1682, fol. 
 
 " The first book of his Anatomy of Plants, which is the title 
 given to three separate works, when published collectively in 1682, 
 contains the whole of his physiological theory, which is developed 
 at length in those that follow. The nature of vegetation and its 
 processes seem to have been unknown when he began, save that 
 common observation and the more accurate experience of gardeners 
 and others must have collected the obvious truths of vegetable 
 anatomy." Hattam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, q. v. 
 
 For an account of Grew and his other works, see Biog. 
 Brit, j Ward's Gresham ; Rees's Cyc. ; Funl. Serm., by 
 Shower. Grew tells us that his Cosmologia Sacra was writ 
 ten chiefly to demonstrate the truth and excellency of the 
 Bible. 
 
 Grew, Obadiah, D.D., 1&07-1698, father of the pre 
 ceding, minister of St. Michael's, Coventry, was ejected at 
 the Restoration, for nonconformity. 1. Serm., 1663, 4to. 
 2. Serm., 1670, 8vo. 3. Meditations upon the Parable of 
 the Prodigal Son, 1678, 4to. 
 
 Grey. The Essential Principles of the Wealth of Na 
 tions ; Illustrated in opposition to some False Doctrines 
 of Dr. Adam Smith and others, 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Grey, Earl. The Colonial Policy of Lord J. Rus 
 sell's Administration, Lon., 1853, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., with 
 addits., 1855, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Grey, Mrs. Colonel, has fairly earned a title to be 
 ranked as one of the most popular novelists of the day. 
 Among her works (pub. 1839-58) are 1. Alice Seymour. 
 2. Aline. 3. Belle of the Family. 4. Bosom Friend. 5. 
 Daughters. 6. Duke and the Cousin. 7. Gambler's Wife. 
 8. Hyacinthe. 9. Little Wife, and The Baronet's Daugh 
 ters. 10. Mary Seaham. 11. Old Country House. 12. Old 
 Dower House. 13. Rectory Guest. 14. Sibyl Leonard. 15. 
 Young Prima Donna. 16. Young Husband. 17. Two Hearts. 
 Grey, Arthur, Lord. Services of Wm., Lord Grey 
 of Wilton. Edit, by Sir P. de Malpas G. Egerton, Camden 
 Soc., Lon., 1847, 4to. 
 
 Grey, Auchitell, thirty years M.P. for the county 
 of Derby. Debates of the House of Commons, 1667- 
 94, Lon., 1763, 10 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Grey, Ford Lord. 1-5. Pamphlets, 1738-50; see 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 6. The Secret Hist, of the Rye- 
 House Plot and of Monmouth's Rebellion, 1754, 8vo. 
 
 Grey, Capt. Sir George, K.C.B., 1848; Lieut.-Gov 
 S. Australia, 1841; Gov. of New Zealand, 1846; Gov., Ac 
 of the Cape of Good Hope, 1854. 1. Journals of Two Ex 
 peditions in N.W. and Western Australia in 1837-39, Lon. 
 1841, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "We have rarely seen a more interesting book." Lon. Examiner 
 2. Vocabulary of the Dialect of S.W. Australia, 1841 
 18mo. 3. Polynesian Mythology, and Ancient Traditiona 
 Hist, of the New Zealand Race, 1855, p. 8vo. "Valuable 
 as presenting many points of affinity between the Poly 
 nesian and other mythologies." See a Letter to Sir George 
 by Sir T. Tancred, (on Criminals,) and another by R. B 
 Sanderson, Jun., (on Apprenticeship,) both 1857, 8vo. 
 
 G /T!> *^ d v Jftne 153 *-1554, a descendant of Ed 
 ward IV. a^nd Henry VII., and still more illustrious fo. 
 her virtues and accomplishments, has already lar-eh 
 claimed our notice in our Life of ROGER ASCHAM. Hei 
 Literary Remains which consist of Latin Epistles am 
 Verses, English Letters, devout treatises, Ac. were pub 
 in 1 vol. p, 8yo, 1825, by Sir N. H. Nicolas. In addition 
 to the histories of England, see Biog. Brit. ; Fox's Mar 
 tyrsj Ballard's Memoirs; Strype's Memoirs ; Park's Wai 
 
 of this article. Although only between sixteen and seven 
 teen years of age at the time of her death, Lady Jane 
 was one of the best scholars England has produced. 
 Edward VI. was considered a prodigy of learning, but 
 Lady Jane far excelled him. Indeed, the fame of this 
 learned child was sounded throughout Europe, and was 
 the pride of the great Latinists and Grecians at home : 
 
 "The French, Italian, Latin, and Greek, especially, were as 
 natural to her as her own ; for she not only understood them per 
 fectly, but spoke and wrote them with the greatest freedom ; and 
 this not in the opinion of superficial judges, but of Mr. Aschain 
 and Dr. Aylmer, men who in point of veracity are as much above 
 suspicion as in respect to their abilities they were incapable of 
 being deceived : men who for their learning were the wonder of 
 their own times and of ours; the former famous for Koman accu 
 racy, the latter one of the severest criticks in those learned times. 
 She was versed likewise in Hebrew, Chaldee, and Arabic, and all 
 this while a perfect child." Biog. Brit. 
 
 "Aristotle's praise of women is perfected in her. She possesses 
 good manners, prudence, and a love of labour. She possesses 
 every talent without the least weakness of her sex. She speaks 
 French and Italian as well as she does English. She writes 
 eadily and with propriety. She has more than once spoken 
 Greek to me." ROGER ASCHAM. 
 
 She had the innocency of childhood, the beauty of youth, the 
 olidity of middle, the gravity of old, age ; ... the birth of a 
 rincess, the learning of a clerk, the life of a saint, yet the death 
 )f a martyr for her parents' offences." Fuller's Holy State. 
 
 The following work contains some letters, Ac. of Lady 
 Jane's, and interesting details respecting her history and 
 that of the time : Historia de la Vita e de la Morte de 
 Illustriss. Signora Giovanna Graia gia Regina eletta e 
 sublicata d'Inghilterra, Ac., por Michel-angelo Florio. 
 Appresso Richardo Pittore, 1607, sm. 8vo. 
 
 Grey, Lt.-Col. John. Polit. Tracts, Lon., 1810, 
 aoth 8vo. 
 
 Grey, Maria G., and her sister Emily Shirreff. 
 Thoughts on Self-Culture, addressed to Women, Lon., 
 1850, '54, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " We have never perused a work addressed to women more full 
 of practical common sense." Ladies' (Amer.) National Mag. 
 
 Grey, Nicholas, 1590-1660, a native of London, 
 Master of the Charterhouse School, 1614; of Merchant 
 Taylors' School, 1624; of Eton, 1631; ejected during the 
 Rebellion, and restored at the Restoration. 1. Luculenta 
 e Sacra Scriptura, Ac., Lon., 1647, '66, 8vo. 2. A Dic 
 tionary in Lat.-Eng. and Eng.-Lat. 3. Parabolas Evan- 
 gelicaB, Ac., 8vo. 
 
 "Noted for a pure Latinist and Grecian." Athen. Oxon., q. v.; 
 and see Wilson's Hist, of Merchant Taylors' School ; Harwood's 
 Alumni Etonenses. 
 
 Grey, Richard, D.D., 1694-1771, a native of New 
 castle, entered of Lincoln Coll., Oxf., 1712 ; Rector of Hin- 
 ton, Northamptonshire, 1721; became Rector of Kincote, 
 Leicestershire, and Preb. of St. Paul's. His principal 
 works are : 1. Memoria Technica, Lon., 1730, '32, '75, '92. 
 Last ed., 1851, 12mo. Abridged by J. H. Todd, 1840, 18mo. 
 2. Eng. Eccles. Law, 1730, '32, '36, '43, 8vo. The last is 
 the best ed. 3. Hebrew without Points, 1738, 8vo. 4. Liber 
 Jobi, in Versiculos Metrice Divisus, Ac., 1742, 8vo. 
 " A learned and valuable work." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 Grey's Liber Jobi was criticized by Mr. afterwards 
 Bishop Warburton, and Gray responded in (5) An An- 
 swer'to Mr. Warburton's Remarks, Ac., 1744, 8vo. 
 
 " Dr. Grey was a disciple of Schultens and Hare. In his Job he 
 adopts the translation of the former and the metrical arrange 
 ment of the latter." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 6. The Last Words of David, divided according to the 
 Metre, with Notes Crit. and Explan., 1749, 4to. 
 
 "Ingenious and elegant, and was intended as a specimen of a 
 translation of the poetical passages of the Old Testament, but 
 which I believe was never published." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 Dr. Grey pub. a number of sermons, Ac. 
 Grey, Robert Hyde. 1. Scotch Farming in the 
 Lothians, Lon., 1842, 8vo. 2. Scotch Farming in Eng 
 land, 1842, 8vo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 Grey, Thomas. Serm., 1685, 4to. 
 Grey, Thomas, Earl of Stamford. Speech at the 
 Quarter Sessions, Leicester, Lon., 1692, 4to. 
 Grey, Thomas. Serm., 1715, 12mo. 
 Grey, Thomas de. 1. The Compleat Horseman 
 and Expert Farrier, 1651, '56, '70, 4to. 2. Expert Far 
 rier, 1752, 8vo. 
 
 Grey, Wm. Chorographia ; or, a Survey of New- 
 castle-upon-Tyne, Newcast., 1649, sm. 4to; 1813, sm. fol. 
 Reprinted in Harleian Miscell., vol. iii. 
 
 Grey, Sir Wm. de. The Gout, Lon., 1772, 8vo. 
 Grey, Zachary, LL.D., 1687-1766, educated at Jesus 
 Coll., Camb., became Rector of Houghton Conquest, Bed 
 fordshire, and Vicar of St. Peter's and St. Giles's, Cam 
 bridge. His best-known work the edit, of Hudibras 
 
GRE 
 
 GRI 
 
 has been already noticed in our life of SAMTTEL 
 Among his other publications are An Examination of the 
 2d, 3d, and 4th books, <fcc. of Neal's Hist, of the Puritans, 
 (pub. by Grey, 1736, '37, '39, '44,) many pieces against 
 the Dissenters, and several pamphlets against Bishop War- 
 burton, Oldmixon, Ac. Grey was a contributor to Peck's 
 Desiderata, and assisted Whalley in his ed. of Shakspeare. 
 For a detailed account of his literary labours consult 
 Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; Cole's MS. Athenas in Brit Museum ; 
 Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Warburton's attack on Grey's Hudibras was not consi 
 dered especially complimentary. In his Preface to Shak 
 speare he does not hesitate to say that he 
 
 "Hardly thinks there ever appeared in any learned language 
 so execrable a heap of nonsense under the name of Commentaries 
 as hath lately been given us on this satiric poet." 
 Fielding refers to our author as 
 
 "The laborious, much-read Dr. Zachary Grey, of whose abun 
 dant notes to Hudibras I shall only say that it is, I am confident, 
 the single book extant in which above 500 authors are quoted 
 not one of which could be found in the collection of the late Dr. 
 Mead." Preface to Voyage to Lisbon. 
 Yet Dr. Warton remarks that 
 
 "If Butler is worth reading he is worth explaining; and the re 
 searches used for so valuable and elegant a purpose merit the thanks 
 of genius and candour, not the satire of prejudice and ignorance." 
 Greyson, T. Obs. on the V. Disease, 1796, 8vo. 
 Grice, Charles Valentine Le. See LE GRICE. 
 Grice, Thomas. Short Vindic. of the Constit. of 
 the Ch. of Eng., Lon., 1689, 4to. 
 
 Gridley, Jeremiah, d. 1767, Attorney-General of 
 the Province of Massachusetts, a distinguished lawyer, 
 wrote many articles of great merit in The Weekly Re 
 hearsal, pub. in Boston, 1731, <fcc., of which he was editor. 
 See Thomas's Hist, of Printing; Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 
 1st series, iii. 301, v. 212; Bost. Postboy, Sept. 14, 1767; 
 Minot, i. 88-90 ; Gordon, i. 141 ; Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. 
 Grier, Rev. Richard. 1. Answer to Ward's Errata 
 of the Prot Bible, Lon., 1812, 4to. 2. Epit. of the General 
 Councils of the Church, 325-1563, Ac., Dubl., 1828, 8vo. 
 
 "A very useful compendium, particularly to those who have 
 not the opportunity of consulting the great collections." Bicker- 
 Steffi's C. S. 
 
 Grier, Wm. 1. Mechanics' Pocket Dictionary, Edin., 
 12mo. 2. Mechanics' Calculator, 12mo. 
 
 "We do not know a more useful companion than this work 
 would prove to all persons going out to new or thinly-peopled 
 countries." Metropol. Mag. 
 
 Grierson, Constantia, d. 1733, aged 27, a native 
 of Kilkenny, born in an humble sphere of life, attained 
 celebrity by her learning and piety. Her husband, George 
 Grierson, was a printer in Dublin, and Lord Carteret gave 
 the family the lucrative patent office of King's Printer in 
 Ireland. The patent expired in 1846. 1. An ed. of Taci 
 tus, Dubl., 1730, 3 vols. 8vo. Dedicated to Lord Carteret. 
 " Dr. Harwood esteems her Tacitus one of the best-edited books 
 ever published." 
 
 2. An ed. of Terence. Dedicated to Lord Carteret's son, 
 to whom she also wrote a Greek epigram. See Ballard's 
 Memoirs ; Gibber's Lives ; Pref. to Mrs. Barber's Poems ; 
 Boswell's Life of Johnson. 
 
 Grierson, James, M.D. 1. Delineation of St An 
 drew's, 1807, 12mo. 2. Mineralogical con. to Thorn. Ann. 
 Philos., 1813, '14, '17. 
 
 Grierson, Rev. James. Treatise on the Lord's 
 Supper, Edin., 1839, fp. 8vo. 
 
 " The addresses are very scriptural." .Bain. Chris. Instruc. 
 Grieve, James, M.D. 1. Trans, of Celsus, Of Medi 
 cine, Lon., 1756, 8vo. 2. Hist, of Kamtschatka, &c., from 
 the Russian of Kraskeninicoff, 1763, 4to. Glouces., 1764, 
 4to. Also pub. at St Petersburg. 
 
 Grieve, John, M.D. 1. Dropsy; Med. Com., 1785. 
 2. Koumiss Wine; Trans. Soc., Edin., 1788. 
 Grieve, Wm. Con. to Med. Com., 1785. 
 G riffles, Thomas. The Journey to Brighton; an 
 Heroic-Comic Poem, Lon., 1788, 4to. 
 
 Griffin, Rev. Mr. Future State, Lon., 1755, 8vo. 
 Griffin, Anthony. Astrolog. Judgment, 1655, 8vo. 
 Griffin, B. Fidessa more Chaste than Kinde, 1596, 
 16mo ; Chiswick, 1815. 100 copies printed, with an 
 advertisement by Mr. Singer. This is a collection of 
 amatory sonnets. 
 
 Griffin, Rev. Edmund Dorr, 1804-1830, a native 
 of Wyoming, Pennsylvania, was the son of George Griffin, 
 LL.D., a member of the New York Bar, and the author 
 of a volume pub. in 1850, entitled The Gospel Its Own 
 Advocate, N. York, 12mo. The subject of this notice 
 entered Columbia Coll., N. York, 1819; graduated, 1823; 
 ordained deacon in the Episcopal Church, 1826. On his 
 return from a trip to Europe in 1830, taken with the hope 
 
 of benefiting his health, he delivered a course of lectures 
 in Columbia College on Roman, Italian, and English Lite 
 rature, which gave great satisfaction. Literary remains, 
 edited by his brother, F. Griffin, with a Memoir by Rev. 
 John McVickar, D.D., N. York, 1831, 2 vols. Svo. These 
 vols. contain poems, journals from his tour in Europe, and 
 extracts from his lectures. 
 
 " We cannot doubt for a moment that thousands of British hearts 
 will be touched with affection and esteem for the delightful character 
 of their American brother." BtackwoocTs Mag. 
 
 An interesting notice of Griffin, and a review of his 
 Literary Remains, by Wm. Cullen Bryant, will be found 
 in the N. Amer. Rev., xxxiv. 119-144. See also a paper 
 by Rev. N. L. Frothingham, in Chris. Exam., xi. 270, and 
 one by R. Palmer, in Chris. Quar. Rev., iii. 651. 
 
 Griffin, Edward Dorr, D.D., 1770-1837, President 
 of Williams College, Mass., 1821-36, had previously to his 
 election been Prof, of Pulpit Eloquence in the Theolog. Sem. 
 at Andover, and was settled as a minister both at Newark 
 and Boston. Sixty Serms. on Prac. Subjects, N.Y., 8vo. 
 
 " One of the most popular pulpit orators America has produced. 
 He had taste, and feeling, and enthusiasm, and his powers of de 
 scription were unrivalled." English notice. See the Life of Dr. 
 Griffin, by Rev. W. B. Sprague, pub. in N. York. 
 
 Griffin, Edward Loggin. Original instruments rel. 
 to the diocese of Gloucester, Cirenc., 1720, Svo. 
 
 Griffin, Eliz. Juvenile Tales, Ac., 1799, Ac. 
 
 Griffin, Frederick. Junius Discovered, Bost, 1854, 
 12mo. See JUNTTJS. 
 
 Griffin, George, LL.D. The Gospel its own Advo 
 cate, N. York, 1850, 12mo. See GRIFFIN, REV. EDMUND D. 
 
 Griffin, Gerald, 1803-1840, a novelist of some note, 
 was a native of Limerick, emigrated to London in his 
 twentieth year, and became first a reporter for the daily 
 press, and subsequently an author. In 1838 he joined the 
 Christian Brotherhood (R. Catholic) of Cork, and two years 
 later was cut off by a fever. His first publication Holland- 
 Tide, or Munster Popular Tales appeared in 1827; and 
 their reception was so encouraging that be was induced to 
 give to the world, in the same year, his Tales of the Mun 
 ster Festivals. The contents of the collective ed. of his 
 works, pub. in 8 vols. fp. 8vo, 1842-43, and again in 1846, 
 are as follows : Vol. I. Life, by his Brother. II. Collegians. 
 III. Card-Drawing; The Half Sir; Suil-Dhuv. IV. The 
 Rivals; Tracy's Ambition. V.Holland-Tide. VI. Duke 
 of Monmouth. VII. Tales of the Jury-Room. VIII. 
 Poetry. To the first vol. of above series, and to Miss Mit- 
 ford's Recollections of a Literary Life, we must refer the 
 reader for further information respecting Griffin and his lite 
 rary labours. See also Dublin Univ. Mag., xxiii. 157-170. 
 
 "The author of the Collegians must live; and as an able de? 
 lineator of our national feelings as an expounder of that subtlest 
 of problems, the Irish heart he cannot be forgotten; but with 
 | Carleton, and Banim, and Miss Edgeworth, and one or two more, 
 he will take his place in our Irish firmament, and form a portion 
 of that galaxy to which we are wont to look with wonder and 
 pride." Dublin Univ. Mag., ubi supra. 
 
 " The book that, above any other, speaks to me of the trials, the 
 sufferings, the broken heart of a man of genius, is that Life of 
 Gerald Griffin, written by a brother worthy of him, which precedes 
 the only edition of his collected works." Miss MITFORD : ubi supra. 
 
 Griffin, Gregory. The Microcosm; a Periodical 
 Work, by G. G., 2d ed., 1786, 8vo; 1787, 8vo; Windsor, 
 1788, Svo ; 1790, 2 vols. 12mo. Written by four Etonians, 
 John Smith, George Canning, Robert Smith> and John 
 Frere, with occasional assistance from other Etonians. 
 
 Griffin, John, 1769-1834, minister of an Independent 
 congregation at Portsea, wrote some theolog. treatises, <fcc. 
 Memoirs and Remains of, by his sons, Lon., 1840, Svo. 
 
 "It may be fairly placed with the lives of Matthew and Philip 
 Henry, and Thomas Scott, and works of that profitable character." 
 Lon. Evangel. Mag. 
 
 Griffin, John J. The Radical Theory of Chemistry, 
 cr. Svo. 
 
 Griffin, Robert. Interest Tables, Lon., 1775, Svo. 
 
 Griffin, W. Culture of the Pine-Apple, 1810, Svo. 
 
 Griffinhoof, Arthur. The Maskers of Moorfields : 
 a Vision, 1815. 
 
 Griffith, Capt. Military Law, Proceed, of Courts- 
 Martial, Ac., Lon., 1841, 12mo. 
 
 Griffith, Alex. Strena Vavasoriensis ; an account of 
 the doctrine, <fec. of Vavasor Powell, Ac., Lon., 1654, 4to. 
 Other theolog. works. 
 
 Griffith, Amyas. Tythes, Lon., 1787, Svo. 
 
 Griffith, C., M.D. Walcheren Fever, Lon., 1810, Svo. 
 
 Griffith, Edward. 1. Vertebrated and Carnivorous 
 Animals, Lon., 1821, 2 vols. r. Svo. 2. Cuvier's Animal 
 Kingdom; trans, by E. G. and others. 16 vols. in demy 
 Svo, 26 8*. ; in r. Svr, col'd, 51 12*. ; in demy 4to, In 
 dia proof, 52 16, pp. 9000, 814 engravings. 
 
GUI 
 
 GRI 
 
 Griffith, Edward. 1. Ancient Records, Ac., Lon., 
 1827, Svo. 2. Exeinp. from Poor Rates, 1830, 8vo. 
 
 Griffith, Mrs. Elizabeth, d. 1793, a lady of Welsh 
 descent, acquired some eminence as a novelist. She wrote, 
 in conjunction with her husband, Richard Griffith, The 
 Letters of Henry and Frances, and two novels, Delicate 
 Dishes and The Gordian Knot. Mrs. G. also wrote a num 
 ber of other works, among which are Lady Barton ; Juli 
 ana Harley ; some dramas ; The Morality of Shakspeare's 
 Dramas Illustrated, Ac. See Lon. Gent. Mag., xl. 264; 
 Ixiii. 104; Victor's Works; Miss Seward's Letters; Biog. 
 Dramat 
 
 Griffith, Evan. Serm. at the Funl. of Sir Matt. Hale, 
 on Isa. Ivii. 1, Lon., 1677, 4to. 
 
 Griffith, George, Bishop of St. Asaph. Discourses 
 on the Lord's Supper; edit, by A. Allam, Oxon., 1684, Svo. 
 
 Griffith, George, D.D. Guedder Arglwydd Wedi ei 
 Hegluro ; mewn amry w ymadroddion, neu Bregetheu Byr- 
 rion, Rhydychen, 1685, Svo. 
 
 Griffith, Major, and Mrs. George Darby. A 
 Journey from India across the Desert, Lon., 1844, 2 vols. 
 Svo. 
 " We cordially commend this work." Lon. Globe. 
 
 Griffith, Guyon. Con. to Archseol., 1770, '74, '76. 
 
 Griffith, Henry, d. 1788, was the author of several 
 novels. 
 
 Griffith, J. W., M.D. 1. Urinary Deposits, Lon., 
 1843, 12mo. 2. Manual on the Blood, 1846, 12mo. 3. By 
 J. W. Griffith and Arthur Henfrey, Micrographic Dic 
 tionary, 1854-56, sm. 4to. A work of great value. 
 
 Griffith, John. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1655, '81. 
 
 Griffith, John. Serms. and Discourses, 1701-07. 
 
 Griffith, John, a preacher in the Society of Friends, 
 came to America in 1726, and travelled through N. Jersey, 
 Penna., Ac. 1. Brief Remarks, Lon., 1764, 8vo. 2. A 
 Journal of his Life, Travels, and Labours in the Work of 
 the Ministry, 1779, Svo. 
 
 Griffith, John, M.D. 1. French Monuments, 1803, 
 Svo. 2. Travels in Europe, Asia Minor, and Arabia, Lon., 
 1805, 4to. These travels have been trans, into French. 
 3. Worm-Shells; Phil. Trans., 1806. 
 
 Griffith, John. Serms., Lon., 1823, all 4to. 
 
 Griffith, Julia. Autographs for Freedom, edited by 
 J. G., N. York, 12mo. 
 
 Griffith, Matthew, D.D. Serms., Ac., Lon., 1632- 
 65, all 4to. 
 
 Griffith, Mattie. Poems, now first collected, N. York, 
 1852, 12mo. 
 
 Griffith, Michael. See ALFORD. 
 
 Griffith, Moses, M.D. Fevers, 1776, '95, Svo. 
 
 Griffith, Owen. Funl. Serm., 1681, Svo. 
 
 Griffith, Richard. A-la-mode Phlebotomy no good 
 Fashion, Lon., 1681, Svo. 
 
 Griffith, Richard, an Irishman, the husband of 
 ELIZABETH GRIFFITH, q. v. The Triumvirate, 1764, 2 vols. 
 12mo. A disreputable novel. He pub. some other works 
 in conjunction with his wife. 
 
 Griffith, Richard. Med. treatises, Lon., 1792, Svo. 
 
 Griffith, Richard. Inland Navigation, 1795. 
 
 Griffith, Richard, Jr. Geolog. and Mining Surveys, 
 Dubl., 1814-18, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Griffith, Robert. Serms., Ac., 1711-21. 
 
 Griffith, Robert Egglesfield, M.D., of Philadel 
 phia. 1. Medical Botany, Phila., 1847, Svo. 2. Universal 
 Formulary, 2d ed., pub. after the decease of the author; 
 edited by Robert P. Thomas, M.D., 1856, Svo. Dr. Griffith, 
 in addition to other professional literary labours, edited 
 medical works of Muller, Taylor, Christison, Garrad, 
 Payne, Ac. 
 
 Griffith, Roger. River Thames, Lon., 1746, Svo. 
 
 ?' Jhomas. Serms., 1757-73. 
 , Thomas, minister of Ram's Chapel, Homer- 
 t n> ,; ta ' n Confi rmation and the Lord's Supper, 
 Lon., 1835 12mo. 2. Serms., 1838, 12mo. Much esteemed. 
 Other works. 
 
 !j? f SJ5V* f ^F' o- Tem P les <>f Greece, 1843, r. Svo; 
 3d ed , 1847, r. 4to. 2 Natural System of Architecture, 
 Lon., 1845, r. 4to. 3. Ancient Gothic Churches 1847 r 
 4to. 4. Architectural Botany, 1852 4to 
 
 Griffith, W. See GRYFFITH. 
 
 Griffith, Wm. Legal treatises, Ac. 
 
 Griffiths, Charles, M.D. Hepatitis, 1816, Svo. 
 
 Griffiths, John, M.D. See GRIFFITH. 
 
 Griffiths, John Willis, b. Oct. 6, 1809, in the city 
 Of New York, senior editor of the Nautical Magazine. 1. 
 
 Treatise on Marine and Naval Architecture ; or, Theory 
 and Practice blended in Ship-Building, N. York, 1850, 
 large 4to, pp. 420, 50 plates; 4th ed., 1854, 2 vols. sm. 4to. 
 
 " Not only valuable, but almost indispensable, to the modern 
 ship-builder." Triibner's Bibl. Guide to Amer. Lit. 
 
 Also highly commended by Bell, Westervelt, Smith A 
 Dimon, McKay, Hart, and Skiddy, eminent ship-builders 
 in America, and by Mr. Aug. Normand, of Havre. 2. Ship- 
 Builder's Manual and Nautical Referee, 1853, 2 vols. sm. 
 4to, pp. 400. 
 
 Griffiths, Joshua. Ordination serm., Lon., 1754, 8vo. 
 
 Griffiths, Lemuel. Fasl serm., 1760, 8vo. 
 
 Griffiths, Ralph, LL.D., d. 1803, the editor and pro 
 prietor of the Monthly Review, established this work in 
 1749, and continued his supervision until his death. The 
 Review lived almost a century expiring in 1842. Much 
 interesting information relating to Griffiths and his Re 
 view will be found in Prior's Life of Goldsmith, and other 
 records of the literature of the time; and we may be per 
 mitted to refer to an article by the present writer, entitled 
 A Retiew of Reviews, No. II., in Putnam's (N. York) 
 Monthly Magazine for March, 1853. 
 
 Griffiths, Roger. See GRIFFITH. 
 
 Griffiths, Thomas, Prof, of Chemistry in the Med. 
 Coll. of St. Bart. Hospital, London. 1. Recreations in 
 Chemistry, Lon., 1841, fp. Svo ; 1850, 12mo. 2. Chemistry 
 of the Four Ancient Elements, 1842, fp. Svo; 1851, 12mo. 
 3. Chemistry of the Four Seasons, 1846, p. 8vo; 1853, 
 12mo. 
 
 " This volume illustrates in a simple, popular, and amusing 
 manner the chemical physiology of plants." Brit, and For. Med. 
 fiev. 
 
 4. The Writing-Desk and its Contents, 1844, fp. Svo. 
 5. Chemistry of the Crystal Palace, 1851, 12mo. 6. Out 
 lines of Chemistry, ISmo. 
 
 Griffiths, Wm. Farriery, Wrexham, 1784, '87, Svo. 
 
 Griffitts, Samuel Powel, M.D., 1759-1826, a dis 
 tinguished physician of Philadelphia, and a native of that 
 city, a .man of great learning, piety, and usefulness, was 
 one of the editors of the (Medical) Eclectic Repertory. 
 An interesting biography of Dr. Griffitts will be found in 
 Thacher's Amer. Med. Biog. 
 
 Griffyth, John. Serm., Lon., 1698, 4to. 
 
 Griffyth, or Griffith, W. Villare Hibernicum, 
 1690, 4to. 
 
 Grigby, George. Heights and Distances, Ac., 
 1807, 4to. 
 
 Grigg, or Greg, John or Wm. Medical advice to 
 the Female Sex, Bath, 1789, '93, 8vo. 
 
 Grigman, Stephen. Serm., 1728, 4to. 
 
 Griggs, Messrs. General View of the Agricult. of 
 the County of Essex, Lon., 1794, 4to. 
 
 " The information seems to be sufficiently correct, and the re 
 marks are judicious." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Grigor, Alexander. 1. Game Laws of Scotland, 
 Edin., Svo. 2. Reports of the Genl. Assembly of Ch. of 
 Scot, for 1834, 1834, Svo. 
 
 Grigsby, Hugh Blair, b. in Norfolk, Virginia, 1806, 
 son of the Rev. Benjamin Grigsby, was a member of the 
 Virginia Convention of 1829-30, respecting which body 
 he wrote a Discourse in 1853, which was delivered before 
 the Historical Society of Virginia. He also wrote a Dis 
 course on the Virginia Convention of 1776, which was 
 delivered before the College of William and Mary in Vir 
 ginia, on the 3d of July, 1855 ; pub. in the same year. 
 
 " It treats in a clear, concise style, which frequently rises to the 
 level of high oratory, and which is throughout well sustained 
 and deeply attractive, the entire history of the Convention in 
 question, embracing admirable biographies of its members. 
 Among the many glimpses which we have had of late months of 
 Revolutionary History thanks to the patriotism and zeal of our 
 Historical Societies we can recall none more deserving of com 
 mendation than this, as set forth in the volume before us. We 
 commend it with the assurance that every one interested in Ame 
 rican history will add it to his library." 
 
 Mr. Grigsby has contributed a number of articles to the 
 Southern Literary Messenger; among which is an inte 
 resting paper on the Randolph Library. 
 
 Grim, C. F. Register of Deeds, N. York, 1822, Svo. 
 
 Grimald, Nicholas. See GRIMBOLD. 
 
 Grimaldi, Stacey. Origines Genealogicse ; or, the 
 Sources whence English Genealogies may be traced from 
 the Conquest to the Present Time, 1828, 4to. 
 
 " Mr. Grimaldi must ensure to himself the respect of antiquaries 
 and the gratitude of his profession." Lon. Retrosp. Rev., N. S., i. 
 520; 1827: 
 
 Grimbald, Nicholas. See GRIMBOLD. 
 
 Grim blot, Paul. Letters of William III. and Louis 
 XIV., and of their Ministers, Lon., 1848, 2 vols. Svo. This 
 important work illustrates the domestic and foreign politics 
 
GUI 
 
 GRI 
 
 of England from the Peace of Ryswick to the Accession 
 of Philip V. of Spain, 1697-1700. 
 
 " The Letters of William III. are both the most authentic and 
 the most satisfactory explanation of his policy during the three 
 momentous years that closed the seventeenth century." HALLAM. 
 
 " The interval between the Peace of Ryswick and the breaking 
 out of the great war in 1702, though a short is a most interesting 
 one . LORD CHESTERFIELD. 
 
 " The literary value of this work is very great, and it abounds 
 in new and interesting particulars ; while it has the immense ad 
 vantage of present ing for the first time, in an accessible and popu 
 lar form, a mass of documents which will enable every one to ap 
 preciate the national importance of the interests involved in the 
 great question of the Spanish Succession." Edin. Rev. 
 
 "Before closing these volumes, we must bear more particular 
 testimony to the great care bestowed upon them by the editor." 
 Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 " A valuable collection of official papers, illustrative of a par 
 ticular period." ion. Spectator. 
 
 Grimbold, Grimald, Grimbald, or Grimoald, 
 Nicholas, d. about 1563, an English poet, educated at 
 Cambridge and Oxford, opened a rhetorical lecture in the 
 refectory of Christ Church, Oxford, wrote verses, and a 
 Latin tragedy, and made translations from the Greek and 
 Latin poets. His Latin tragedy of John the Baptist was 
 pub. in 1548 ; trans, from Cicero, 1553, '56, '58, '68, '74, 
 '96; from Virgil, 1591; Oratio, 1583; and his Songes 
 (" written by N. G.") will be found annexed to the Songes 
 and Sonnettes of uncertain Auctours, printed by Tottell. 
 For further particulars, see authorities cited below. 
 
 " He is the second English poet after Lord Surrey who wrote in 
 blank verse. Nor is it his only praise that he was the first who 
 followed in this new path of versification. To the style of blank 
 verse exhibited by Surrey, he added new strength, elegance, and 
 modulation. . . . Grimoald, as a writer of verses in rhyme, yields 
 to none of his cotemporaries for a masterly choice of chaste ex 
 pression, and the concise elegancies of didactic versification. Some 
 of the couplets, in his poem IN PRAISE OF MODERATION, have all 
 the smartness which marks the modern style of sententious poetry, 
 and would have done honour to Pope's ethic Epistles." Warton's 
 Hist, of Eng. Poet. 
 
 11 Nor was this polish of language peculiar to Surrey and his 
 friend, [Wyatt.] In the short poems of Lord Vaux, and of others 
 about the same time, even in those of Nicholas Grimoald, a lec 
 turer at Oxford, who was no courtier, but had acquired a classical 
 taste, we find a rejection of obsolete and trivial phrases, and the 
 beginning of what we now call the style of our older poetry." 
 Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 " In the disposition and conduct of his cadences he often ap 
 proaches to the legitimate structure of the improved blank verse, 
 though not entirely free from those dissonances and asperities 
 which still adhered to the general character of our diction." 
 JSUis's Spec, of the Early Eng. Poets. 
 
 See also Bale; Tanner; Strype's Cranmer; Bliss's 
 Wood's Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Grimes, Thomas. The Farrier, Lon., 1636, 12mo. 
 Grimestone, or Grimstone, Edward, trans, the 
 Hist, of Ostend, of the Netherlands, of Spain, and other 
 works, Lon., 1604-35. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 Grimeston, Elizabeth. See GRYMESTON. 
 Grimeston, William, Lord Viscount. See 
 GRIMSTON. 
 
 Grimke, Frederick, a brother of Thomas Smith 
 Grimke, (see post.) The Nature and Tendency of Free 
 Institutions, Cincin., 1848, 8vo. 
 
 Grimke, John F., d. 1819, Judge of the Supreme 
 Ct. of S. Carolina, and a colonel in the war of the Revolu 
 tion. 1. Law of Executors for S. Carolina, Svo. 2. Public 
 Law of S. Carolina, Phila., 1790, 4to. 3. Justice of the 
 Peace, 2d ed., 1796, 8vo. 
 
 Grimke, Thomas Smith, 1786-1834, a native of 
 Charleston, S. Carolina, educated at Yale College, became 
 an eminent lawyer and politician in his native State. He 
 was the author of a number of orations, <fcc. on legal 
 educational, and other topics, and in 1831 pub. a vol. of 
 Addresses on Science, Education, and Literature, New 
 Haven, 12mo. 
 
 Grimoald, Nicholas. See GRIMBOLD. 
 Grimshaw, A. H. See GRIMSHAW, WM. 
 Grimshaw, Wm., 1708-1763, Perpetual Curate of 
 Haworth, Yorkshire. Principles of True Christianity 
 Vindicated, Lon., 12mo. See Memoirs of the Life of W 
 S., by Rev. John Newton, 1799, 12mo. 
 
 Grimshaw, Wm., 1782-1852, a native of Green 
 castle, Ireland, emigrated to America in 1815, and livec 
 for many years in Philadelphia and its vicinity. 1. Hist 
 of England ; 2. of France ; 3. of Greece ; 4. of the U 
 States ; 5. of Rome ; 6. of S. America and Mexico. 7 
 Life of Napoleon. 8. Etymological Dictionary. 9. Gen 
 tleman's Lexicon. 10. Ladies' Lexicon. 11. Merchant's 
 Law Book. 12. Form Book. 13. American Chesterfield 
 Mr. G. also pub. Questions and Keys to his histories, re< 
 vised eds. of Goldsmith's Rome, Greece, Ac., of Ramsay's 
 Life of Washington, and of Baine's Hist, of the Wars 
 
 growing out of the French Revolution. Since his decease 
 i revised ed. of his Hist, of the U. States has been pub. 
 y A. H. Grimshaw. 
 
 Grimshawe, Rev. T. S. 1. Memoir of Legh Rich 
 mond, Lon., 1828, 8vo ; llth ed., 1846, 12mo. 2. Cowper's 
 Works and Life, 1835, 8 vols. 12mo. Last ed., 1847, 8 vols. 
 12mo. Of this ed. 70,000 had been issued up to 1853, 
 when the 8 vols. were repub., in 1 vol. r. 8vo, by Phillips, 
 Sampson & Co., of Boston, Mass. We have already 
 noticed Grimshawe's ed. of Cowper, q. v. 3. On the Future 
 Restoration and Conversion of the Jews, 1843, 12mo. 
 
 Grimston. Argument cone. Bishops, Lon., 1641, 4to. 
 
 Grimston, Hon. Miss. Arrangement of the Com 
 mon Prayer Book and Lessons, Lon., 1840, 2 vols. 12mo, 
 18mo, and 32mo. The entire Morning Service is contained 
 n 1 vol., and the entire Evening Service in another vol. 
 Printed in large type. 
 
 Grimston, Edward. See GRIMESTON. 
 
 Grimston, Elizabeth. See GRYMESTON. 
 
 Grimston, Sir Harbottle, M.P., 1594F-1683, an 
 eminent lawyer, Speaker of the House of Commons, Mas 
 ter of the Rolls, 1660-83, was a warm yet moderate sup 
 porter of the popular side during the Civil Wars temp. 
 Charles I. He was a son-in-law of Sir George Croke, 
 and pub. his reports, v. n. 1. Speech rel. to Archbp. Laud, 
 Lon., 1641, 4to. 2. Strena Christiana, 1644, 24mo. In 
 English, Camb., 1644, Svo. 3. Sir George Croke's Reports. 
 
 Grimston, Henry. 1. A Short Account of various 
 Charitable Institutions in G. Brit, for the Benefit of the 
 Poor and Infirm, Lon., 1794, 8vo. 2. Perkins's Metallic 
 Tractors, 1804, 12mo ; 2d ed., 1805. 
 
 Grimston, William, Lord Viscount, 1692 P-1756. 
 The Lawyer's Fortune ; or, Love in a Hollow Tree, Lon., 
 1705, 4to; 1736, Svo and 12mo. Sine anno, 4to. Rotter 
 dam, 1728, 12mo. This comedy was written when the author 
 was only thirteen years of age. He subsequently bought 
 up all the copies he could find. When he was a candi 
 date for the borough of St. Alban's, Sarah, Duchess of 
 Marlborough, repub. his lordship's juvenile effusion, (1736, 
 12mo,) and had it circulated among the electors. His lord 
 ship, who was really a most worthy man, was ridiculed both 
 by Pope and Swift. The former, referring to the peer's 
 residence at Gorhambury, near St. Alban's, exclaims : 
 " Shades that to Bacon did retreat afford 
 Are now the portion of a booby Lord." 
 And Swift says : 
 
 " The leaden crown devolv'd to thee, 
 Great poet of the Hollow Tree." 
 
 This is all very absurd when considered as levelled 
 against the effusions of a bard of thirteen years of age. 
 See Whincop's List of Dramat. Poets; Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Grindal, or Gryndall, Edmund, D.D., 1519-1583, 
 a native of Hinsingham, Cumberland, educated at Mag 
 dalen Coll., Christ's Coll., and Pembroke Hall, Camb.; 
 Fellow of Pembroke Hall, 1538; President, 1549; Preb. 
 of Westminster, 1552 ; fled to Strasbourg on the accession, 
 of Mary in 1553 ; returned home on the accession of Eliza 
 beth, 1558, and assisted in compiling the new liturgy; 
 Bishop of London, 1559 ; Archbishop of York, 1570; trans, 
 to Canterbury, 1575. He was an eloquent preacher, and 
 so zealous for the advancement of religion that he refused 
 to obey Elizabeth when she ordered him to substitute the 
 reading of homilies for pulpit ministrations to "abridge 
 the number of preachers and put down the religious exer 
 cises." This firmness led to his being sequestered for a 
 time by her majesty. 1. Profitable and Necessarye Doc 
 trine, Ac., Lon., 1555, 4to. 2. A Serm., 1564, 4to and 8vo. 
 The same in Latin, by John Fox, 1564, 4to. 3. Remains, 
 edit, for the Parker Society by the Rev. Wm. Nicholson, 
 Rector of St. Maurice, Winchester, Camb., 1843, Svo. He 
 assisted Fox in his Acts and Monuments. 
 
 " Queen Elizabeth highly favouring him for his learning, piety 
 and modesty, and single life, till at last he lost her love by the 
 mischievous practices of his enemies. His fault was for keeping 
 others from breaking two of God's commandments." fuller's 
 Worthies of Cumberland. 
 
 See Strype's Life of Grindal, Lon., 1710, fol. ; Oxf., 1821, 
 Svo ; A Brief and True Account of Edm. Grindal, 1710, 
 8vo; Memorials resp. his Suspension, Ac., 1710, Svo; 
 Biog. Brit. ; Harrington's Brief View of the State of the 
 Ch. of Eng. ; Le Neve's Lives of the Bishops ; Hutchin- 
 son's Cumberland, vol. xi. 
 Grindal, Wm. See GRYNDALL. 
 Grindall, Richard. Surg. con. to Phil. Trans., 1757. 
 Grindlay, Capt. Robert Melville. 1. Views in 
 India, Lon., 1826, '30, atlas 4to, 36 plates, 8 80. ; col'd, 
 12 12. 
 
 "CHRISTOPHER NORTH. 'A beautiful and splendid work.' 
 
 " SHEPHERD. < There maun be thousans o' leebraries in Britain, 
 
GRI 
 
 private and public, that ought to hae sic a wark." Nodes Am- 
 brosianoR. 
 
 2. Sculptures in the Cave-Temples of Ellora, 1830, r. fol.; 
 8 plates. 3. Map of India, 1837. 4. Hints for Travellers 
 to India, detailing the Several Routes, 1847, 12mo. 
 
 Grinfield, Rev. Edward William. 1. Novum 
 Testamentum Grsecuin, Editio Hellenistica, 2 vols. Scho 
 lia in N. T. instruxit atque ornavit E. Grinfield, 2 vols.; 
 Lon., 1843-48, 4 vols. 8vo. Designed to show the close 
 connexion of the Greek Testament with the Septuagint. 
 It contains upwards of 30,000 doctrinal and grammatical 
 illustrations, which are arranged respectively under each 
 verse for the convenience of the Student and Divine. We 
 need hardly say that the labours of the editor have been 
 great indeed : to quote from his Preface : 
 
 " Per decem annos in haec Editione conficienda operam studi- 
 umque impend elocavi." 
 
 He intended to have increased his labours by the addi 
 tion of a threefold collation of the Hebrew, LXX., and 
 New Testament. For an account of this truly great work 
 we must refer to Home's Bibl. Bibl., and the London 
 Chris. Rememb. for April, 1848. 
 
 2. Apology for the Septuagint, in which its Claims to 
 Biblical and Canonical Authority are stated and vindi 
 cated, 1850, 8vo. 
 
 This Apology may be regarded as a natural sequel to my Hel 
 lenistic Edition of the Greek Testament." Extract from the Pre 
 face. 
 
 By a recent statute of the Senate at Oxford, the study 
 of the Septuagint is, for the first time, made indispensable 
 to all who stand for honours. Mr. Grinfield has pub. a 
 number of serms. and theolog. and other treatises. 
 Grinfield, Thomas. Poems, Serm., &c., 1815-22. 
 Grinvile. See GRENVILLE. 
 
 Grisaunt, Wm., a physician, astronomer, and mathe 
 matician of the 14th century, studied at Merton Coll., Oxf., 
 and subsequently removed, first to Montpellierand then to 
 Marseilles, where he practised with great reputation. Bale 
 and Pits give lists of his works, none of which are known 
 to be extant See Bale ; Pits ; Aikin's Mem. of Med. 
 
 Griscom, John, Prof, of Chemistry and Natural 
 Philos. in the N. York Institution. A Year in Europe, 
 1818-19, N. York, 1823, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "We hardly know a work of equal size that contains so many 
 practical details and statements respecting those European esta 
 blishments which may now be rendered useful in our own practical 
 country. ... It is a book which, in all respects, does credit to its 
 author as a member of the Society of Friends, and can therefore 
 hardly fail of being interesting and useful to the public." GEORGE 
 TICKNOR: N. Amer. Rev., xviii. 178-192; 1824, q. v. 
 
 Grisdale, Browne, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1789, 4to. 
 Grisenthwaite, Wm. 1. Sleep; a Poem, Ac., Lon., 
 1812, 12ino. 2. New Theory of Agricult., 1820, 12mo. 
 
 "The pity is that any notice of agriculture should be concealed; 
 for, though little or no substantial good may accrue from such 
 essays as the above work, yet it is pleasant to read the nibblings 
 of any imagination at objects that are beyond its reach, and pro 
 bably too big for its capacity. Such attempts have sometimes 
 caught the subject in the true light, and hence amply repaid all 
 former exertions." Donaldson's Agricult. Riog. 
 
 Griswold, Alexander Viets, D.D., of the Episco 
 pal Church, Bishop of the Eastern Diocese, d. in Boston, 
 Mass., 1843, aged 76. For particulars connected with the 
 career of this excellent prelate we refer the reader to his 
 Memoirs by John S. Stone, D.D., Phila., 8vo ; Northamp 
 ton, 8vo. 1. On the Reformation and the Apostolic Office, 
 Bosk 2. Serms., Phila., 1830, 8vo. 3. Prayers, N. York. 
 4. Remarks on Social Prayer-Meetings, Bost., 1858, 12mo. 
 See a Memoir by S. K. Lothrop, in the Chris. Exam., xxxix. 
 248, and one by S. W. S. Dutton, in the N. Englander, iii.227. 
 Griswold, C. D. The Isthmus of Panama, and 
 What I Saw There, N. York, 1852, 12mo. 
 
 Griswold, Hiram. Reports of Cases in Sup. Ct. of 
 Ohio, in Bane, Columbus, 1846, 8vo. This is lettered Vol. 
 XIV. of Ohio Reports. 
 
 Griswold, Rufus Wilmot, D.D., 1815-1857, a 
 native of Benson, Rutland county, Vermont, is a descend 
 ant in the ninth generation from George Griswold, of Ken- 
 ilworth, England, and on the mother s side is descended 
 in the eighth degree from Thomas Mayhew, the first 
 Governor of Martha's Vineyard. The subject of this 
 notice seems to have divided the earlier years of his life 
 between his duties as a minister in the Baptist Church 
 and the literary management of a number of journals in 
 several of the principal cities of the Union. Amonff these 
 may be mentioned The New Yorker, The Brother Jona 
 than, and the New World. In 1842-43 he was the editor 
 of Graham's Magazine; and from August, 1850 to April 
 1852, conducted The International Magazine, the plan 
 of which was projected by himself. Dr. Griswold was 
 
 GUI 
 
 a voluminous author, and had achieved an amount of 
 abour at an early period of life for the productions upon 
 which his reputation is chiefly founded have been before 
 the public for a number of years highly creditable to his 
 iterary industry. In addition to the works which we are 
 about to notice, he gave to the world from time to time, 
 without his name, partly or entirely written by himself, 
 six or eight works on history and biography, a novel, 
 seven discourses on historical and philosophical subjects, 
 and contributions to magazines and newspapers sufficient 
 to fill a dozen octavo volumes. 
 
 1. Poems, N. York, 1841, 12mo. Anon. 2. Sermons, 
 1841, 12mo. 
 
 His acquirements in theology are very extensive. . . . In theo 
 logy he is all bone and muscle. His sermons are his finest compo 
 sitions, and he delivers them from the pulpit with taste and elo 
 quence." E. P. WHIPPLE. 
 
 3. The Biographical Annual for 1842, 12mo. An excel 
 lent plan, and one which it would be well to revive. 
 
 4. The Curiosities of American Literature. This was 
 pub. as an appendix to an American ed. of Disraeli's 
 Curiosities of Literature. 5. The Poets and Poetry of 
 America, Phila., 1842, 8vo; 16th ed., continued to the pre 
 sent time, 1855. This work was a great advance upon all 
 attempts of a similar character which had preceded it; and 
 in this volume and the two works which followed it The 
 Prose Writers of America and the Female Poets of Ame 
 rica we had presented for the first time A Survey of the 
 Literature of the United States. From the many notices 
 before us of these invaluable volumes to which the pre 
 sent work has been greatly indebted we regret that our 
 quotations must be so few in number and so brief in 
 extent. 
 
 From Baron Frederick Von Raumer, of Prussia : 
 
 "It is performing a valuable service when a man of taste and 
 information makes a suitable, well-assorted selection, and guides 
 the friend of Poetry in his rambles through those groves from 
 which he might otherwise be deterred by their immensity. Such 
 service has been rendered by Mr. Griswold in his Poets and Poetry 
 of America." 
 
 From the London Examiner : 
 
 " We must not forget to thank Mr. Griswold for his good taste 
 and good feeling. It would be difficult to overpraise either." 
 
 From Thomas Campbell, author of The Pleasures of 
 Hope: 
 
 " Mr. Griswold's work is honourable to the character and genius 
 of the American people." 
 
 From Bishop Potter's Hand-Book for Readers : 
 
 " The critical and biographical notes are brief but discriminative 
 and elegant." 
 
 From the North American Review, Iviii. 1-39, Jan. 
 1844, by E. P. Whipple : 
 
 "Although we deem Mr. Griswold deserving of a little gentle 
 correction for his literary beneficence, we are not insensible to his 
 merits. The work before us must have demanded the labour of 
 years. . . . We think therefore that Mr. Griswold has succeeded 
 as well in his task as the nature of the case admitted ; that his 
 patient research and general correctness of taste are worthy of 
 praise ; that his difficulties and temptations would have extenu 
 ated far graver errors than he has committed, and that his volume 
 well deserves the approbation it has received." 
 
 From Edgar A. Poe's Literati : 
 
 " We know no one in America who could or who would have 
 performed the task here undertaken, at once so well in accordance 
 with the judgment of the critical, and so much to the satisfaction 
 of the public. The labours, the embarrassments, the great diffi 
 culties of the achievement are not easily estimated by those before 
 the scenes." 
 
 Sixteenth edition. From the Knickerbocker Magazine 
 for October, 1855 : 
 
 " We can ask no better attestation of the value of a book so pre 
 tentious and expensive as this, than the simple words sixteenth 
 edition upon the title-page. The successive editions of The Poets 
 and Poetry of America have all been, more or less, improvements 
 upon their predecessors ; but the present one is so much and in 
 all cases changed for the better, as to have the appearance of a new 
 work. . . . Printed separately as a series of critical biographies, 
 Dr. Griswold's Lives of the American Poets would constitute a 
 work of remarkable elegance and of signal historical value." 
 
 From the North American Review for Jan. 1856, by the 
 editor, Rev. Dr. Peabody : 
 
 " In these sketches we find reason to admire the author's im 
 partiality and kindness. We have been unable to find a single 
 instance in which he has suffered any of the usual grounds of pre 
 judice to warp his judgment or to scant his eulogy ; and where it 
 has been his duty to refer to obliquities of temper and conduct, 
 he has done so with singular delicacy and gentleness." 
 
 6. The Prose Writers of America, 1846, 8vo; 4th ed., 
 
 From Wm. H. Prescott, author of Ferdinand and Isa 
 bella : 
 
 " It will be an important and interesting contribution to our 
 national literature. The range of authors is very wide ; the bio 
 graphical notices full and interesting. I am surprised that the 
 author has been able to collect so many particulars in this way. 
 The selections appear to me to be made with discrimination, and 
 
GUI 
 
 GRO 
 
 the criticism shows a sound taste and a correct appreciation of the 
 qualities of the writers, as well as I can judge." 
 From Wm. C. Bryant : 
 
 "We are glad to possess, in this form, portions of many authors 
 whose entire works we should never own, and, if we did, should 
 probably never find time to read. We confess our obligations to 
 the author also for the personal information concerning them 
 which he has collected in the memoirs prefixed to their writings. 
 These are written in a manner creditable to the research, ability, 
 and kindness of the author." 
 
 From Literary Criticisms, by Horace Binney Wallace : 
 " He has done a useful work, and he has done it well. The 
 hook now before us is more than respectable; it is executed ably, 
 and in many parts brilliantly. In some respects it is an extra 
 ordinary work; such as few men in America, perhaps, besides its 
 author, could have produced, and he only after years of sedulous 
 investigation, and under many advantages of circumstance or 
 accident. He has long shown himself to be of Cicero's mind : 
 l Miid quidem nuMi satis eruditio yidentur, quibus nostra ignota 
 sunt.' The distribution of the various writers into their classes, 
 and the selection of representatives of each class or type, exhibit 
 much skill. Many passages present fine specimens of acute, ori 
 ginal, and just criticism, eloquently delivered. We differ from 
 Mr. Griswold sometimes, but never without feeling that we owe it 
 to the public in all cases to give a reason why we do not assent to 
 the conclusions of so candid and discriminating a judge." 
 From the Knickerbocker Magazine : 
 
 "We commend The Prose Writers of America to a wide na 
 tional acceptance ; with the especial advice to the reader not to 
 overlook the excellent introductory Essay on the Intellectual 
 History, Condition, and Prospects of the Country, which contains 
 many noteworthy suggestions and much valuable information." 
 
 From Henry T. Tuckerman's Sketch of American 
 Literature, appended to the Amer. ed. of Shaw's Outlines 
 of Literature : 
 
 " For the chief critical and biographical history of literature in 
 the United States, we are indebted to Rufus W. Griswold, whose 
 two copious and interesting volumes, [Nos. 5 and 6,] so popular at 
 home and abroad, give an elaborate account of what has been done 
 by American writers from the foundation of the country to the 
 present hour. These works are the fruit of great research and an 
 enthusiasm for native literature as rare as it is patriotic." 
 From Edgar A. Poe's Literati : 
 
 "The best of the series [Nos. 5, 6 and 7] is, beyond all question, 
 The Prose Authors of America. This is a book of which any 
 critic in the country might well be proud, without reference to the 
 mere industry and research manifested in its compilation. These 
 are truly remarkable; but the vigour of comment and force of 
 style are not less so ; while more independence and self-reliance 
 are manifested than in any other of the series. There is not a 
 weak paper in the book; and some of the articles are able in all 
 respects." 
 
 See also South. Lit. Messenger, xiii. 209, 381 ; South. 
 Quar. Review, xxi. 114. 
 
 7. The Female Poets of America, 1848, 8vo ; 5th ed., 
 continued to 1856, pub. Philadelphia, 1857. 8. The Prose 
 Works of John Milton, with a Critical Memoir, 1845, 2 
 vols. 8vo. First Amer. ed. 9. Washington and the Gene 
 rals of the American Revolution, 1847, 2 vols. This work 
 was edited and partly written by Dr. Griswold : he was 
 assisted in it by W. G. Simms, E. D. Ingraham, and others. 
 10. Napoleon and the Marshals of the Empire, (in con 
 junction with the late H. B. Wallace,) 1847, 2 vols. 11. 
 Scenes in the Life of the Saviour, by tbe Poets and Paint 
 ers, 8vo and 12mo, (edited.) 12. The Sacred Poets of 
 England and America, (edited,) 1849. 13. The Poets and 
 Poetry of England in the Nineteenth Century ; 2d ed., 
 1845, 8vo ; 4th ed., 1854. 
 
 From the American Review, by E. P. Whipple : 
 "No one can glance at Mr. Griswold's volume without 'being 
 impressed with the fertility of the present century in original 
 poetry. There is one view in which the author of a work like the 
 present may be considered fortunate. Through his diligent labours 
 large bodies of the people, who cannot or will not read extensively, 
 are enabled to obtain an image of the imaginative literature of a 
 great age. And what a world of thought and feeling does its con 
 templation reveal to us!" 
 
 14. The Works of Edgar A. Poe ; Poems, Tales and 
 Miscellanies ; with a Memoir by R. W. Griswold, and 
 Notices of his Life and Genius, by N. P. Willis and J. R. 
 Lowell, N. York, 1850, 3 vols. 12mo; 1856, 1 vol. 12mo. 
 It is considered by many critics that Dr. Griswold has 
 not done justice to Poe's memory in this volume. 
 15. The Republican Court; or, American Society in the 
 Days of Washington, with 21 portraits of Distinguished 
 Women, engraved from original pictures by Wollaston, 
 Copley, Gainsborough, Stuart, Trumbull, Malbone, and 
 other Contemporary Painters, N. York, 1854, 4to. New 
 ed., enlarged, with additional portraits, issued 1856, <fec. 
 In this sumptuously -printed and richly-illustrated work, 
 a view of American society in the days of the Father of 
 the Republic is presented, for the most part from original 
 materials, consisting of private correspondence, <tc. 
 
 From the North American Review, Ixxxi. 26-50, July, 
 
 1855, by H. T. Tuckerman : 
 
 " The Republican Court is the most beautiful specimen in this 
 
 department that has yet appeared, and has the peculiar merit of 
 a national subject. It consists of a fluent narrative, intended to 
 convey an authentic and picturesque idea of social life in this 
 country in the days of Washington. ... In the preparation of 
 this elegant quarto, the memoirs and correspondence of the period 
 have been searched, the diaries of leading members of society 
 gleaned, the reminiscences of survivors drawn upon, and such 
 works as Sullivan's Letters on Public Characters, Duer's Recollec 
 tions of New York, the autobiographies of French officers engaged 
 in the war, the letters of Mrs. Adams, and Graydon's Memoirs, 
 carefully examined." 
 
 From the Christian Examiner, No. CXC., July, 1855, by 
 the Rev. Samuel Osgood : 
 
 " This elegant volume was received by acclamation on its first 
 appearance. We are quite certain that the sober second judgment 
 of the public will confirm the first opinion, and in some respects 
 magnify its approbation. ... Its solid literary merits are yet to 
 be fully appreciated. We do not know where else one-half so 
 much information respecting our early American history can be 
 found. . . . Dr. Griswold has evidently been much favored in the 
 use of private family memorials, and he has worked up his mate 
 rial with much artistic taste in the grouping and great spirit in 
 the narrative. The volume stands among our important histori 
 cal monuments." 
 
 From an interesting account, by Mr. Fletcher, of the 
 interest manifested by tbe Emperor of Brazil in an exhi 
 bition of American products, collected (in 1855) by the 
 enterprise of tbe former, we extract some remarks by his 
 majesty, not without interest in this connexion : 
 
 "After spending a long time in the exhibition, he exclaimed to 
 his suite: 'That which 1 find the most desirable is the perfection 
 of typography and binding, (alluding to the Republican Court, 
 which he held in his hand,) the beautiful specimens of steel en 
 gravings and chromo-litbography, and the clearness of the photo 
 graphic portraits.' Now, it is just in those departments that the 
 Brazilians had believed us deficient; for almost every thing of this 
 kind comes from England, France, and Germany." 
 
 " He was a plodding, industrious, and careful writer, extremely 
 well informed on American literature, but by no means an elegant, 
 nor even a correct, though very ambitious, writer. He was inclined 
 to be metaphysical and transcendental, but would get out of his 
 depth and become unintelligible. Though he had no genius 
 whatever, Dr. Griswold has done some service to literature. He 
 will be remembered by his compilations." DR. R. SHELTON MAC 
 KENZIE. 
 
 The reader who desires to learn more respecting Dr. 
 Griswold's characteristics as an author is referred to The 
 Knickerbocker Magazine, xxxvi. 162, xlvi. 398, and to 
 Literary Criticisms and Literary Portraits, by Horace Bin 
 ney Wallace. From the last-named authority we make 
 a brief extract, which may appropriately conclude this 
 article. 
 
 "The literary abilities displayed in the original portion of these 
 works [see Nos. 5, 6, 7, and 13] are entitled to very high rank, and 
 are undoubtedly the sufficient cause of their popularity and per 
 manence. Dr. Griswold's style is fresh, brilliant, delicate, perhaps 
 over-delicate, but never feeble, and rarely morbid. With unerring 
 accuracy he always indicates the strong points of his subject; yet 
 he indicates rather than seizes them. The outlines of truth are 
 always traced with nicety and precision ; yet they are traced rather 
 than channelled. His coloring is refined, soft, suggestive ; dealing 
 in half-tints or mixed hues more usually than in simple and con 
 trasted colors. His perceptions are keenly intelligent, and full of 
 vitality and vividness; but they are too mercurial, fugitive, and 
 hasty : they want fixity, persistency, and prolongation. He touches 
 some rich element of truth or beauty, but he does not linger upon 
 it to develop and unfold its deep and full resources." p. 239. 
 
 Grocyn, Wm., 1442-1519, a native of Bristol, Eng 
 land, a man of great learning, was educated at Winchester 
 and New College, Oxford. In 1479 he was made Rector 
 of Newton-Longville, Buckinghamshire, and in 1485 Preb. 
 of Lincoln. He also filled the place of divinity-reader in 
 Magdalen College, Oxford. Being enthusiastically devoted 
 to the study of the Greek language, probably from the in 
 fluence of Vitelli, he visited Italy for the sake of perfect 
 ing his knowledge of this tongue, and studied for some 
 time under Demetrius, Chalcondyles, and Politian. In 
 1491 he settled at Exeter College, Oxford, and publicly 
 taught the Greek language, advocating a new pronuncia 
 tion, which encountered violent opposition. The Uni 
 versity divided itself into two factions, the Greeks and the 
 Trojans, who, not content with philological polemics, and 
 forgetting that inter arma leges silent, resorted finally to 
 open hostilities. Of Grocyn's earnest devotion to Greek 
 literature we have ample evidence on record : 
 
 " Recens tune ex Italia venerat Grocinus qui primus e& setate 
 Grsecas literas in Angliam invexerat, Oxoniique publics professus 
 fuerat & cujus sodali Thoma Lynacro (Morus) Graecas literaa 
 Oxonii didicit." STAPLETON : In lib. cut tit. De Tribus Tliamis, in 
 Tho. More, cap. i. 
 
 " Grocinus, qui prima Grsecae et Latinje linguae rudimenta in 
 Britannia hausit, mox solidiorem iisdem operam sub Demetrio 
 Chalcondyle et Politiano praeceptoribus in Italia hausit." LILLY : 
 Elogia virorum doctorum ; in Knight's Life, of (Met. p. 24. 
 
 "Ipse Grocinus, cujus exemplum affers, nonne primum iq 
 Anglia Graecie linguae rudimenta didicit ? Post in Italiam pro- 
 fectus audivit summos viros, sed interim lucro fuit ilia prius 4 
 qualibuscunque didicisse." ERASMCS : Epist. CCCLXIII. 
 
 A Latin epistle of Grocyn's to Aldus Manutius is pre- 
 
GRO 
 
 fixed to Linacre's trans, of Proclus de Sphsera, printed at 
 Venice, 1449, fol. 
 
 "There is nothing extant of his but this epistle: indeed, a very 
 elaborate and acute one, and written in good Latin. ... He was 
 of so nice a taste that he had rather write nothing than write ill. 
 ERASMUS. 
 
 Erasmus was the friend, perhaps the pupil, of Grocyn, 
 and may therefore be supposed to have been well informed j 
 but Bale, Tanner, and Leland ascribe some other works to 
 Grocyn. See these authorities ; also Bliss's Wood's Athen. 
 .Oxon.j Wood's Annals; Jortin and Knight's Lives of 
 Erasmus; Knight's Life of Colet; Hallam's Lit. Hist of 
 
 U Groom, John Hinden. Serm., 1809. 
 
 Groombridge, Stephen. 1. Atmospherical Refrac 
 tion, Phil. Trans., 1814. 2. Fixed Stars, Trans. Soc., Edin., 
 1815. 
 
 Groombridge, Wm. Sonnets, Lon., 1789, 8vo. 
 
 Groome, John. The Historical Collection, Lon., 
 1710, 8vo. This work sets forth the good works, books, &c. 
 of the English clergy. 
 
 Groome, Nicholas. Purgatories Knell, Lon., 1615, 
 4to. 
 
 Gros, C. French educational works, Lon., 1811-18. 
 
 Gros, Charles Henry. Funl. Oration, 1807, fol. 
 
 Gros, Rev. John Daniel, Prof, of Moral Philos. in 
 Columbia Coll., N. York, was a native of Germany. Natu 
 ral Principles of Rectitude, <fcc. : a Systematic Treatise on 
 Moral Philosophy, 1795, 8vo. 
 
 Grose, Robert. See GROSSE. 
 
 Grose, Francis, 1731-1791, a native of Greenford, 
 Middlesex, held a place in the Heralds' College, which he 
 resigned in 1763. He was adjutant and paymaster of the 
 Surrey militia, but devoted much of his time to travelling 
 through England, Scotland, and Wales, sketching views 
 and gathering the materials of the valuable works which 
 he subsequently gave to the world. 1. Antiq. of England 
 and Wales, Lon., 1773-76, 4 vols. sup. r. 4to. Supp., 
 1786-87, 2 vols. sup. r. 4to. The best ed. A collec. of 
 Plans to the above; 33 plates, 1776, r. 4to. 2d ed. of the 
 Antiq. of England and Wales, 1783, 8 vols. imp. Svo. The 
 eds. in 4to pub. by Stockdale are not valued. 2. The 
 Antiq. of Scotland, 1789-91, 2 vols. imp. Svo. Large 
 paper, sup. r. 4to, with proof-plates. 3. The Antiq. of 
 Ireland, 1791-95, 2 vols. imp. Svo. Large paper, sup. r. 
 4to, with proof-plates. The historical and descriptive 
 parts were written by Dr. Ledwich; and his Antiq. of 
 Ireland, best ed., 1804, 4to, should accompany this work. 
 4. Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, 1785-86, 4to. 
 Supp., 1789, 4to. This work is annexed to the 2d ed. of 
 the Military Antiq. 5. Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar 
 Tongue, 1785, '88, '96, 1811, Svo. New ed., by Pierce 
 Egan, 182.3, Svo. 6. Military Antiq. resp. a Hist, of the 
 English Army from the Conquest to the Present Time, 
 1786-88, 4to: 1801, 2 vols. 4to. Bested. 7. A Provincial 
 Glossary, 1787, '90, Svo. With Pegge's Supp., (1814,) 
 1838, Svo. Pegge's Supp. contains above 1000 additional 
 words. It was appended to Pegge's Anecdotes of the 
 English Language, 1814, Svo ; 3d ed., 1844, Svo. 8. Rules 
 for drawing Caricatures, 1788, '91, 1810, Svo. Reprinted 
 in vol. i. of the new ed. of The Antiq. Repertory, 1807, <tc. 
 9. The Grumbler : 16 Essays, 1791, 12mo. Originally pub. 
 in The English Chronicle. An improved ed. was pub. in 
 The Olio. 10. The Olio, 1793, Svo. By Grose and others. 
 11. A Guide to Health, Beauty, Riches, and Honour, 1783, 
 Svo ; 1785. 12. An Ancient Fortification ; Archaeol., 1779. 
 13. Ancient Spurs; Archaeol., 1787. Grose was one of the 
 conductors of The Antiquarian Repertory, 1775-84, 4 vols. 
 4to; 2d ed., 1807-09, 4 vols. 4to; pub. Rev. Wm. Darell's 
 Hist, of Dover Castle, 1786, imp. Svo; large paper, 1797, 
 imp. 4to ; and to him has been ascribed Geoffrey Gambado's 
 Academy for Grown Horsemen, 1787, '91, fol. But this is 
 also attributed to Henry Bunbury. Grose's habits, espe 
 cially in early life, were of too convivial a character for 
 either his purse or reputation ; and many a jolly circle of 
 " good fellows" could answer promptly in the affirmative 
 the query of Burns the poet, 
 
 " Ken ye aught of Captain Grose ?" 
 
 Noble's sketch of his figure and peculiarities is truly 
 graphic. See European Mag., 1791 ; Gent. Mag., 1791 ; 
 Chalmers's Biog. Diet 
 
 Grose, John. 1. Ethics, Lon., 1782, Svo. 2. Occas. 
 Serais., 1782-97. 3. Serms., 6 vols., 1800-16. 
 
 Grose, John Henry. Voyage to the E. Indies, 
 1750-64, Lon., 1766, Svo; 1772, 2 vols. Svo. In French, 
 Paris, 1758, 12mo. 
 
 Grose, Sir Nash, d. 1814, aged 74. Substance of a 
 Charge to the Grand Jury, fcc., Lon., 1796, Svo. 
 746 
 
 GRO 
 
 Gross, Baron. Duties of an Officer in the Field, 
 
 Lon., 1801, Svo. 
 
 Gross, Samuel D., M.D., b. near Easton, Penna., 8th 
 July, 1805, Prof, of Surgery in the Jefferson Medical Col 
 lege, Phila., and formerly in the University of Louisville, 
 Ky. 1. General Anatomy, Phila., 1S28, Svo. 2. Anat. 
 and Diseases of the Bones and Joints, 1830. 3. Operative 
 Surgery, 1829. 4. Obstetrics. 5. Wounds of the Intestines. 
 6. Patholog. Anatomy. 7. Foreign Bodies in the Air- 
 Passages, 1850, Svo. 
 
 It is a complete summary of the whole subject, and will be a 
 useful book of reference." Brit, and For. Med.-Chir. Rev. 
 8. Diseases of the Urinary Bladder, &c., 1851-56, Svo. 
 " A work worthy of his high reputation." West . Jour, of Med. 
 and Surg. 
 
 1. Results of Surgical Operations in Malignant Diseases, 
 1853, 8vo. 10. Discourse on the Life, Character, and Ser 
 vices of Daniel Drake, M.D., 1853, Svo. 11. Report on 
 the Causes which Retard the Progress of American Medical 
 Literature, 1856, Svo. 12. North American Medico-Chir. 
 Review, edited by himself and Dr. T. G. Richardson. 13. 
 A System of Surgery, now in course of preparation. Prof. 
 Gross has been for some time engaged on an American 
 Medical Biography, which we doubt not will prove a most 
 acceptable addition to the professional and general library. 
 In June, 1856, he accepted the appointment of Professor 
 of the Institutes and Practice of Surgery in the Jefferson 
 Medical College of Phila., where he now resides. 
 
 Grosse, or Gross, Alexander, d. 1654, Vicar of 
 Ashburton. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1632-63. 
 
 Grosse, Robert. Royalty and Loyalty, Lon., 1647, 
 4to. 
 
 Grosse, Robert le. See LE GROSSE. 
 Grosse, Wm. Medical treatises, Lon., 1708, both Svo. 
 Grosseteste, Grostete, or Grosthead, Robert, 
 1175 P-1253, a native of Stradbrooke, Suffolk, was educated 
 at Oxford and Paris; Archdeacon of Leicester, 1222; 
 Bishop of Lincoln, 1234. His name has no less than 
 twelve different modes of spelling. He was a man of great 
 learning, and an undaunted opposer of the usurpations of 
 the See of Rome. For an account of his life and works 
 theological, philosophical, poetical, &c. we refer to S. 
 Pegge's biography of him, 1793, 4to ; to Milner's Church 
 Hist ; and to Archaeol., vol. xiii. Pegge's list of his works 
 occupies 25 pp. 4to; but few of them have been pub. 
 Among these are Opuscula Varia; Compendium Sphaera 
 Mundi; Commentarius in Lib. poster. Aristotelis; Dis 
 courses; Letters. 
 
 " By a knowledge of Greek, when we find it asserted of some 
 medieval theologian like Grostete, we are not to understand an 
 acquaintance with the great classical authors, who were latent in 
 eastern monasteries, but the power of reading some petty treatise 
 of the fathers, or, as in this instance, [Grostete's trans, of the Tes 
 tament of the Twelve Patriarchs from Greek into Latin,] an apo 
 cryphal legend, or at best, perhaps, some of the later commentators 
 on Aristotle. Grostete was a man of considerable merit, but has 
 had his share of applause." Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 Grosvenor, Lord. Leaves from my Journal, Lon., 
 1854, 12mo. 
 
 Grosvenor, or Grovenor, Benjamin, D.D., 1675- 
 1758, a native of London, pastor of an Independent con 
 gregation, and one of the Lecturers at Sailer's Hall, Lon 
 don, pub. a number of occasional serms., and some theolog. 
 treatises, of which The Mourner, and The Essay on Health, 
 are the best-known. Serms., now first collected, with 
 Memoir by J. Davies, and Pref. by Dr. Bogue, 1808, Svo. 
 "A most popular preacher; in whose compositions there is a 
 strange mixture of familiar and pathetic; many strong figures of 
 speech, especially the prosopopoeia and dialogism, beyond any other 
 writer of his age." I)R. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 " His language is always pure, his sentences well formed, and 
 his ideas embellished with the most appropriate decorations." 
 Wilson's Dissenters. 
 
 The vol. of Eastcheap Lectures, new ed., 1810, 2 vols. 
 12mo, contains 24 serms. by Grosvenor, Bradford, Earle, 
 Harris, Newman, and Reynolds. 
 
 "To recommend such a work it is only necessary to state its 
 subjects, [on Singing, Prayer, Hearing and Reading the Scrip 
 tures,] and to name the distinguished preachers by whom they 
 were discussed. Incitements, cautions, illustrations, improve 
 ments, are all judiciously blended. . . . The excellence of the 
 volumes speaks their own praise, and secures their reputation. 
 They cannot fail to prove an acceptable present to the religious 
 world." REV. W. B. COLLYER, D.D. 
 
 Grosvenor, Countess H., now Marchioness of 
 Westminster. Yacht Voyage in the Mediterranean, Lon., 
 1842, 2 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 "It is simply a sensible, healthy, and well-written work, utterly 
 free from all affectations, and especially from that which apes 
 humility, and betraying the woman of rank chiefly in the total 
 absence of all attempt to display it." MiS3 RIGBY: Lady Travel 
 lert, Lon. Quar. Jev., Ixxvi. 98-137. 
 
GRO 
 
 Grote, George, M.P., the historian of Greece, b. 
 1794, at Clay Hall, near Berkenham, Kent, England, is a 
 son of Mr. Grote, of the well-known banking-house esta 
 blished by Mr. George Prescott, and the grandfather of 
 the subject of this notice. Mr. Grote was for some time a 
 clerk in the banking-house, and at a later period of life 
 divided ais attention between literature and politics, but 
 for some time past has devoted his hours exclusively to the 
 former. In addition to the great work by which he is best 
 known and will be honoured to the latest period of time, 
 he is the author of a pamphlet (pub. anonymously in 1821) 
 in reply to Sir James Mackintosh's Essay on Parliamentary 
 Keform, in the Edinburgh Review; a work on the Essen 
 tials of Parliamentary Reform ; an article on Mitford, in 
 the Westminster Review, and one on Niebuhr's Heroic 
 Legends of Greece, in the London and Westminster Re 
 view. The name of Niebuhr appropriately introduces the 
 expression of his warm interest in Mr. Grote's History of 
 Greece, which was commenced 1823: 
 
 "Endeavour to become acquainted with Mr. Grote, who is en 
 gaged on a Greek History ; he, too, will receive you well if you take 
 him my regards. If you become better acquainted with him, it is 
 worth your while to obtain the proof-sheets of his work, in order 
 to translate it. I expect a great deal from this production, and I 
 will get you a publisher here." Niebuhr, the Historian, to Professor 
 Lieber, in 1827. 
 
 The publication of the vols. of Mr. Grote's History was 
 as follows : Vols. L, II., 1846; III., IV., 1847; .V., VI., 
 1849; VII., VIIL, 1850; IX., X., 1852; XL, 1853; XIL, 
 1855. Of Vol. XIL, 1200 copies were sold in one week. 
 2d ed. of Vols. L, II., III., and IV., 1849; 3d ed., 1851. 
 2d ed. of Vols. V. and VI., 1851. In commendation of 
 this truly great production, critics who seldom agree are 
 glad to unite their suffrages. The London Quarterly de 
 clares that the author has 
 
 "Incontestably won for himself the title not merely of a histo 
 rian, but of the historian, of Greece." xcix. 384. 
 
 The Edinburgh Review assures us that 
 
 " He will be remembered not only as the first who has seriously 
 tinder taken a philosophical history of Greece, but as one who will 
 have made great steps towards accomplishing it." Ixxxiv. 345. 
 Notice of vols. i. and ii. The succeeding volumes are noticed in 
 the same laudatory terms. 
 
 The Athenaeum styles the history 
 
 " A great literary undertaking, equally notable whether we re 
 gard it as an accession of standard value in our language, or as an 
 honourable monument of what English scholarship can do." 
 
 The Spectator remarks that 
 
 "His familiarity with the great highways and the obscure by 
 paths of Grecian literature and antiquity has seldom been equalled, 
 and not often approached to, in unlearned England; while those 
 Germans who have rivalled it have seldom possessed the quality 
 which eminently characterizes Mr. Grote, of keeping historical 
 imagination severely under the restraints of evidence." 
 
 The Examiner is not less enthusiastic in the expression 
 of its admiration : 
 
 " If there existed any doubt of Mr. Grote's qualifications for this 
 weighty undertaking, it was, whether he would bring to it the 
 amount of imaginative feeling necessary to sustain and inform 
 his scholarship. We confess that these volumes are a surprise to 
 us in that respect. The acute intelligence, the discipline, faculty 
 of intellect, and the excellent erudition, every one would look for 
 from Mr. Grote; but they will here also find the element which 
 harmonizes these, and without which, on such a theme, an orderly 
 and solid work could not have been written. Poetry and Philo 
 sophy attend the historian on either hand, and do not impede or 
 misguide his steps." 
 
 The eulogy of the distinguished historian of modern 
 Europe is no insignificant reward for even such protracted 
 and laborious researches as have tested the patience, the 
 learning, and the fidelity of the historian of Greece : 
 
 "A decided liberal, perhaps even a republican, in politics, Mr. 
 Grote has laboured to counteract the influence of Mitford in Gre 
 cian history, and construct a history of Greece from authentic 
 materials, which should illustrate the animating influence of 
 democratic freedom upon the exertions of the human mind. In 
 the prosecution of this attempt he has displayed an extent of 
 learning, a variety of research, a power of combination, which are 
 worthy of the very highest praise, and -have secured for him a 
 lasting place among the historians of modern Europe." SIR 
 ARCHIBALD ALISON : Hist, of Europe from the Fall of Napoleon, in 
 1815, to the Accession of Louis Napoleon, in 1852. 
 
 We could easily multiply commendations, but must be 
 content to refer the. reader to the articles which no histo 
 rical student should neglect on Mr. Grote's History, in the 
 Westminster Rev., xlvi. 381; Blackwood's Mag., Ixii. 129; 
 Dubl. Univ. Mag., xxviii. 201; xxxv. 753; Eclectic Rev., 
 4th S., xx. 257 ; xxii. 289 ; Christian Rev., xvi. 481 ; Chris 
 tian Exam., xlviii. 292; N. Amer. Rev., Ixxviii. 150. See 
 also The London Quarterly, vols. Ixxxvi. and Ixxxviii.; 
 Edin. Rev., vols. Ixxxiv., xci., and xciv. 
 
 Grove, Hon. Mrs. C. Calendar of Nature ; or, The 
 Seasons of England, edited with Pref. by Lord John Rus- 
 
 GRTT 
 
 sell: 24 large plates, containing several hundred col'd 
 figures of Birds, Fruits, &c., Lon., Pts. 1 to 4, fol., 1849-50. 
 
 Grove, Edward. Serm., 1702, 4to. 
 
 Grove, Henry, 1683-1738, a Dissenting divine, a na 
 tive of Taunton, Somersetshire, was one of the Masters of 
 the academy at Taunton, where he had been educated, and 
 preached to two congregations in the neighbourhood. He 
 was the author of Nos. 581, 601, 626, and 635, of The Spec 
 tator. He pub. a number of discourses and theolog. trea 
 tises, among which those on Prayer, the Lord's Supper, 
 Faith, a Future State, the Soul's Immortality, and Christ's 
 Resurrection, are best known. The collective edits, of his 
 works comprise 12 vols., viz.: 1. Serms. and Tracts, being 
 his Posthumous Works, 3d ed., Lon., 1745, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 2. Serms., being two addit. vols. of the Posth. Works, 1742, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 3. Works, containing all the Serms., Dis 
 courses, and Tracts pub. in his lifetime, 1747, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 4. A System of Moral Philosophy, edited by Dr. T. Amory, 
 with a Memoir of his Life and Writings, 2d ed., 1749, 2 
 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Resembles Watts, but more nervous. His sermons are written 
 with an elegance of diction rarely to be met with. He has many 
 judicious and new thoughts, disposed in a method quite peculiar, 
 and expressed with force and elegance. Every paragraph he wrote 
 is worthy of attentive perusal." DR. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 " This eminent Nonconformist was one of the most beautiful 
 writers of his age. He excels in elegant diction and sweetness 
 of temper." Dr. E. Williams's C. P. 
 
 "If every grace that e'er the good adorn'd, 
 If every science that the wisest learn'd, 
 Could merit thy regard and ask thy love, 
 Behold them join'd, and weep them lost in Grove." 
 
 See Biog. Brit. ; Life by Amory, prefixed to his Posth. 
 Works; Drake's Biog. and Grit. Essays, Illust. of the 
 Tatler, Spectator, and Guardian, iii. 200-215. 
 
 Grove, Joseph, an attorney of Richmond, England, 
 d. 1764, wrote The Life and Times of Cardinal Wolsey, 
 Lon., 1742-44, 4 vols. 8vo; The Lives of the Earls and 
 Dukes of Devonshire, descended from Sir Wm. Cavendish, 
 1764, 8vo; and some political and other works. 
 
 Grove, Matthew. The Most Famous and Tragicall 
 Historic of Pelops and Hippodamia, Ac., Lon., 1587, 4to. 
 A poetical work. 
 
 " I never saw, or heard of, another copy of this book : neither 
 is it mentioned by Ames or Herbert." JUS. note in a fly-leaf of a 
 copy of this book by Ritson. 
 
 Another copy has since been found, and was perhaps 
 still is in the library collected by the Marquis of Stafford. 
 A copy marked, in the Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 315, 30, was 
 resold at Saunders's in 1818 for 25 4*. See Bibl. Anglo- 
 Poet.,pp. 133, 134. 
 
 Grove, Robert, d. 1696, Bishop of Chichester, 1691, 
 pub. seven tracts against Romanism, 1676-89, and two 
 Serms., 1690, '95. One of his tracts will be found in vol. 
 i. of Collection of Cases, &c., 3d ed., 1718, 3 vols. 8vo, and 
 two in Gibson's Preservative, iv. 96, vi. 1. 
 
 Grove, W. R. The Correlation of Physical Forces, 
 Lon., 1846, '51, '55, 8vo. 
 
 Grovenor, Benjamin. See GROSVENOR. 
 
 Grover, H. M., Rector of Hitcham, Bucks. Theolog., 
 dramat., and other works, Lon., 1828-47. 
 
 Groves, Rev. John. 1. A Greek and Eng. Lexicon, 
 3d ed., Glasg., 1829, 8vo; 7th ed., Lon., 1839; 10th ed., 
 1849 ; llth ed., 1853. All the inflections in the N. Test., 
 and many of the more difficult ones that occur in other 
 Greek writings, will be found in this work. 2. Rudiments 
 of the Greek Gram., 1845, 12mo. 
 
 Groves, W. Revelations, Ac. ; also Hebrew, German, 
 and Eng. Gram, and Lexicon, Lon., 1838, 12mo. 
 
 Groves, Webber, b. 1697, d. in America, 1793. 
 Treat, on the Commercial Intercourse between G. Brit, and 
 America. 
 
 Gruchy, Martin. Serm., 1728, 8vo. 
 
 Grueber, Rev. C. S. Holy Baptism, Lon., 1850, 8vo. 
 
 Gruggen, F. J. On Oaths, Camb., 1845, 8vo. 
 
 Grund, Francis J., a native of Germany, for many 
 years a resident of the U. States of America. 1. The 
 Americans in their Moral, Social, and Political Relations, 
 Lon., 1837, 2 vols. 8vo; Boat., 1837, 1 vol. 12mo. 
 
 ^ In approaching the consideration of its merits, we are struck 
 with the singular correctness, force, and often eloquence, of the 
 style in which it is written. The style would do high credit to 
 any native, and to the manner born ; in a foreigner it seems won 
 derful. . . . The idiom of our language, which is often so subtle, 
 and eludes the grasp of the severest study, Mr. Grund uses with 
 great and almost unfailing accuracy. An English critic has said 
 that he has scarcely ever offended in this particular, except when 
 he attempts poetical versions from Schiller or Goethe. ... To a 
 foreigner who is interested in the country Mr. Grund's work will 
 be of great value, from the amount of information which it con 
 veys. No other work, within our knowledge, presents a view so 
 complete of our resources in every department of life. . . . Mr 
 
GRU 
 
 Grund is a thorough democrat. He uphold* the cause of the many 
 against the few. and takes every opportunity to enforce the im 
 portance of religious and political freedom. The latter he esti 
 mates as the two most prominent moral causes which promoted 
 the trade of Holland and the United States." CHARLES SUMNSR : 
 Jf. Amer. Rev., xlvi. 106-126, q. v. 
 
 And see a review of this work by S. Gilman in I he 
 Christian Examiner, xxiv. 296, and another in the Eclectic 
 Rev., 4th S., ii. 51. 
 
 2. Aristocracy in America. (From the Sketch-Book of a 
 German Nobleman.) Edited by Francis Grund, Lon., 
 1839, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 We assume this work to be written by Mr. Grund, though he 
 is professedly only the editor. He has given two whole volumes 
 of sketches of manners; but the vast majority are caricatures, with 
 out point, hint, or even vraisemblancc f-Lon. Athen 183 9, 947. 
 See also The Museum, (Phila.,) xxxvn. 349-354. 
 Grundy, John. Serins., 1808, '10, '12, all Svo. See 
 Dr. E. Williams's Christian Preacher. 
 
 G rimer, Louis. 1. Decorations of the garden Pavil 
 ion at Buckingham Palace, Lon., 1846, sm. fol., 15 plates, 
 1 11*. 6rf. ; col'd, 5 5*. 2. The Mosaics of the Cupola 
 in Capella Chigiana at Rome, 1850, fol., 1 11*. 6d. 3. 
 Specimens of Ornamental Art, 1850, fol., 87 plates, 12 
 12*. 4. Fresco Decorations and Stuccoes in Italy, 1854, 
 imp. fol., 56 plates. 
 
 Grymeston, Grimeston, or Grimston, Eliza 
 beth. Miscellanea. Meditations. Memoratiues. Lon., 
 1604, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet, 304, 6 6*. Another ed., 
 sine anno, 12mo. 
 
 " The poetry of this rare work is indifferent enough, but it con 
 tains some judicious maxims." WaWs Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Gryndall, or Grindal, Will. Hawking, Hunting, 
 Fouling and Fishing, Lon., 1596, 4to. 
 
 Gubbins, Martin R. Mutinies in Oudh,Lon.,1858,8vo. 
 
 Gude, R. Prac. Cr. Side Ct. K. Bench, 1828, 2 vols. 
 
 Guernsey, Miss Lucy Ellen. 1. Alice and Bessie. 
 
 2. Irish Amy. 3. Comfort Allison. 4. Kitty Maynard. 5. 
 
 Jenny and the Insects. 6. Upward and Onward. 7. The 
 
 Orphan Nieces. 8. The Naughty Kitten. 
 
 Guest, Lady Charlotte, a native of Wales, has 
 gained great reputation by the publication of The Mabino- 
 gion, from the Llyfr Coch o Hergest and other Ancient 
 Welsh Manuscripts, with English Translation and Notes, 
 7 Pts., forming 3 vols. r. 8vo, 1838-49, Lon., Longman 
 & Co. ; Llandovery, W. Rees. 
 
 " I may surely venture to say, that if the Elzevirs, and Bodonis, 
 and Didots, must hide their diminished heads before our Llando 
 very Printer, we may challenge comparison with all the learned 
 ladies who have adorned the literature of Europe, for her whose 
 works his labours have contributed to embellish." DR. THIRL- 
 WELL : Bishop of St. David's. 
 
 Guest, Edward. Hist, of English Rhythms, from 
 the 5th Cent, downwards, Lon., 1838, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Guidot, or Guidott, Thomas, M.D., pub. a num 
 ber of works upon the waters of Bath, Islington, Ac., 
 1669-1705. Collection of Treatises concerning the City 
 and Waters of Bath, 1725, Svo. 
 
 Guild, Reuben A., Librarian of Brown University, 
 Providence, R.I., b. 1822, in West Dedham, Mass., grad. 
 Brown Univ., 1847. The Librarian's Manual : A Treatise 
 on Bibliography, comprising a Select and Descriptive List 
 of Bibliographical Works ; to which are added Sketches 
 of Public Libraries, Illustrated with Engravings, N. York, 
 Charles B. Norton, Agent for Libraries, MDCCCLVIIL, 
 sm. 4to, pp. 304. Beautifully printed in Old English cha 
 racter. The First Part consists of a descriptive list of 495 
 separate works, comprising 1967 volumes of such biblio 
 graphical works as are considered to be of the first import 
 ance for a library apparatus. The Second Part contains 
 historical sketches of fourteen of the largest public libraries 
 in Europe and America. We recommend Mr. Guild's volume 
 to all who take an interest and every lover of books should 
 take an interest in the important subject of which it ex 
 pressly treats. 
 
 Guild, Wm., D.D., 1586-1657, a native of Aberdeen, 
 educated at Marischal Coll., became minister of the 
 parish of King Edward, and in 1631 one of the ministers 
 of Aberdeen ; Principal of King's Coll., Aberdeen, 1640 ; 
 deposed for his attachment to the royal cause, 1651. He 
 was a man of learning, ability, and great benevolence of 
 character. In addition to the following works, he pub. a 
 number of tracts against popery, and upon other subjects. 
 1. The Harmony of all the Prophets cone. Christ's Com 
 ing, <fcc., Lon., 1619, 8vp ; 1658, 12uao. 2. Moses Unveiled 
 or, The Types of Christ in Moses explained, 1620, Svo 
 Often reprinted. New ed., with The Harmony, <fcc., Edin 
 1839, r. 8vo. 
 
 " Not remarkable for its depth and judiciousness." Ormc 5 
 Bibl. Bib. 
 
 748 
 
 GUM 
 
 3. Explic. of Book of Revelations, Aberd., 1656, 16mo. 
 " Very spiritual." Bickersteth. 
 
 4. Explic. of the Song of Solomon, Lon., 1658, 8vo. 
 >. The Throne of David ; or, an Expos, of the 2d Book 
 
 f Samuel, Oxf., 1659, 4to. Posth. ; pub. by Dr. John 
 Owen. See Life of Dr. Guild, by Dr. Shirreffs, 2d ed., 
 Aberd., 1799, 8vo. Pref. to his Expos, of Samuel. 
 
 "Dr. William Guild possessed not only the talents of a man 
 ruly great, but the still more amiable qualities of one eminently 
 good." DR. SHIRREFFS. 
 
 Guildford, Charles. His Memoirs, Lon., 1761, 
 2 vols. 
 
 Guilford. See NORTH. 
 
 Guilhermin, Mary. Letters, Lon., 1766, 8vo. 
 
 Guillim, John, 1565 F-1621, Rouge-Croix Pursuiv 
 ant of Arms, 1617-21, was the publisher of John of 
 3archam's Display of Heraldry, best ed., (the 6th,) Lon., 
 L724, fol., and has already been noticed in our life of 
 Barcham. Guillim made some additions to Barcham's 
 MS. ; but the latter is entitled to the reputation which 
 jruillim has acquired. A collation of the Display of Her 
 aldry will be found in Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 Guiscard or Guichard de Beaulieu, temp. Ste 
 phen, was the author of a poem entitled ' The Sermon of 
 jruiscard' de Beaulieu, of which MSS. are in the British 
 Museum and the Bibliotheque Royale at Paris. From 
 ;he latter MS., M. Achille Jubinal pub. the poem (pour la 
 jremiere fois) in 1834, Paris, 8vo. 
 
 " The style bears marks of much greater poetical talent than is 
 observed in the poems of Everard and Samson de Nanteuil, and 
 frequently exhibits considerable elegance and energy of expres 
 sion." Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., q. v. 
 
 Guise, Samuel. Serm., 1724, 8vo. 
 
 Guise, Samuel. Catalogue of a Collection of MSS. 
 collected in Hindostan, Lon., 1800, 4to. 
 
 Guise, Wm., 1653-1684, a learned English divine, 
 ;rans. into English, and illustrated with a commentary, 
 Dr. Bernard's Misnae pars ordinis primi Teraim Tituli 
 septem, 1690, 4to, and a tract, De Victimis humanis, Svo, 
 and had partly prepared an edit, of Abulfeda's Geography. 
 
 " A person of great learning, and the immortal ornament of the 
 University of Oxford." Ed. Acta Eruditorum. 
 
 " Vir longe eruditissimus." T. SMITH. 
 
 See Athen. Oxon. j Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Guisy, J. Learning French, Lon., 1801, 12mo. 
 
 Gull, Wm. W., M.D., and Baly, Wm., M.D. Re 
 ports on Epidemic Cholera, Lon., 1854, Svo. 
 
 " In taking leave of these Reports, we can conscientiously say 
 that we do not think the College of Physicians could have made 
 a more fortunate selection than the two gentlemen to whose 
 labours we owe so much valuable instruction. We believe that 
 their Work will be in future years constantly referred to, and 
 when so referred to we are confident it will always be with plea 
 sure and profit." Brit, and For. Med.-Cliir. Kev. 
 
 Dr. Baly pub., in conjunction with Dr. W. S. Kirkes, 
 Advances in Physiology of Motion, 1848, 8vo. 
 
 Gullet, Chris. On Eleter, as a preservative of 
 plants from insects and flies, Phil. Trans., 1772. 
 
 Gullifer, Joseph Wm. Philos. of Medicine, 1809, 
 Svo. 
 
 Gulliver, Lemuel. See SWIFT, JONATHAN, D.D. 
 
 Gulliver, Lemuel, Jim. Modern Gulliver's Travels, 
 Lon., 1796, 12rno. 
 
 Gully, James M., M.D. 1. Neuropathy and Ner 
 vousness, 2d ed., Lon., 1841, Svo. 2. Simple Treatment 
 of Disease, 1842, 12mo. 3. Water-Cure in Chronic Dis 
 eases, 1841, p. Svo ; 3d ed., 1849, 12mo ; 4th ed., 1851, 12mo. 
 
 " Dr. Gully's book is evidently written by a well-educated medi 
 cal man. This work is by far the most scientific that we have seen 
 on hydropathy." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 Gully, Robert, and Capt. Denham. Journals of 
 a Captivity in China in 1842, Lon., 1843, Svo. 
 
 " These simple unadorned Narratives, with the Letters written 
 by the deceased Mr. Gully during his captivity, are well worthy of 
 perusal, depicting, as they do vividly, the curious incidents arising 
 during detention, and stirring the indignation of the reader by 
 the detail of cruelty and murder inflicted by the cowardly ofilcials 
 of this semi-barbarous people." Lon. Timet. 
 Gulson, Theodore. See GOULSTON. 
 Gulston, Ant. See GLISSON, WM. 
 Gulston, Edward. Earthquake; Phil. Trans., 1763. 
 Gumble, Thomas, D.D., chaplain to General 
 Monck. The Life of General Monck, Duke of Albemarle, 
 Lon., 1671, Svo. In French, 1672, 12mo. 
 
 " Curious as a specimen of the Tory or Royalist mode of writing 
 history which prevailed during the period immediately following 
 the Restoration." Lon. Retrosp. Rev., xiii. 265-297; xiv. 153- 
 179, q. v. 
 
 Gumbleden, John. Serm., 1628, 4to. 
 Gumley, J. Law, Ac. of Elec. in Ireland, Dubl., 
 1832, Svo. 
 
 Gummere, John, 1784-1845, a native of Willow 
 
GUM 
 
 Grove, Penn., for more than forty years an esteemed and 
 successful teacher of youth, discharged the duties of tui 
 tion successively at Horsham, Rancocus, West Town, 
 Burlington, and Haverford. Upon his retirement from 
 the Friends' Coll. at Haverford, he resumed his Boarding- 
 School at Burlington, (previously conducted by him from 
 1814 to 1833,) in connection with his eldest son, Samuel 
 J. Gummere, " who is his worthy successor, both in scien 
 tific attainments and in the happy art of imparting 
 instruction." His celebrated treatise on Surveying was 
 first pub. in 1814, has run through 14 edits., and is now 
 stereotyped. Of his Elementary Treatise on Theoretical 
 and Practical Astronomy, the 1st ed. was pub. in 1822, 
 and the last (the 6th) in 1854. The excellence of this 
 work elicited the warm commendations of Dr. Bowditch, 
 Prof. Bache, and other competent judges. An interesting 
 biographical sketch, entitled Memorials of the Life and 
 Character of John Gummere, was privately printed by 
 Win. J. Allinson, of Burlington. It is a well-merited tri 
 bute to the learning and virtues of a ripe scholar and an 
 excellent man. James I., when in the plenitude of his 
 glory as the master of three kingdoms, acknowledged that 
 he never even then saw his stern old schoolmaster, 
 Buchanan, without an emotion of fear. It may be truly 
 gaid we speak from our own experience that the former 
 disciples of John Gummero never in after-life approached 
 their old master without sentiments of affection and 
 esteem. 
 
 Gummere, Samuel R., brother of the preceding, 
 b. in 1789, at Willow Grove, Penn., was from 1821 to 
 1837 the head of a popular boarding-school for girls, at 
 Burlington, N. Jersey. He is the author of a Treatise on 
 Geography, which was first pub. in 1817, and has passed 
 through six or eight edits.; and he revised the Progressive 
 Spelling-Book in 1831. Compendium of Elocution 1857, 
 
 Gunhill, D. D. Serin., 1661, 4to. 
 
 Gunn, Alexander, D.D., d. 1829, minister of the 
 Reformed Dutch Church at Bloomingdale, New York. 
 Memoirs of Rev. John H. Livingston. D.D., N. York, 1829. 
 
 Gunn, Mrs. Anne, late Miss Young. 1. The Mother 
 and Daughter; a Tale, 1803, 2 vols. 2. An Introduction 
 to Music, 1803, 8vo. 
 
 Gunn, J. C. Domestic Medicine, New York, 1851 
 8vo : many editions. 
 
 Gunn, John. Hist. Inquiry respecting the Perform 
 ance of the Harp in the Highlands of Scotland, Lon. 
 1807, 4to. Prepared for the Highland Society. Othei 
 works. 
 
 Gunn, Rev. W. M. 1. Religion in Connexion with 
 a National System of Instruction, Lon., 1840, 12mo. 
 
 "Mr. Gunn's book is one that deserves and will receive mud 
 attention." Ch. of Eng. Quar. Rev. 
 
 2. Rudiments of the Latin Language, 1848, 18mo. 
 
 Gunn, Rev. Win. 1. Historia Britonum of Nennius 
 with an Eng. version and notes, Lon., 1819, 8vo. 
 
 " Many diffuse and unnecessary notes." Wright's Biog. Brit 
 Lit. 
 
 See NENNITJS. 
 
 2. Gothic Architecture, 1819, 8vo. 
 
 " Displaying very considerable erudition." LoumdesTs Bibl.Man 
 
 3. Cartonensia; Hist, of the Tapestries in the Vatican 
 Gunn, Wm. A., Curate of St. Mary, Woolnoth 
 
 London. Serms. and Letters, with a Memoir by J r Saun 
 ders, Lon., 1807, '12, 8vo. Mr. G. was curate to the Rev 
 John Newton. 
 
 " He was ' a burning and a shining light.' Wonderful was hi 
 eloquence. Serious, zealous, impassioned, he communicated h 
 own agitation to the souls of others." ONESIMUS. 
 
 Gunning, Mrs., wife of General Gunning, d. 1800 
 pub. several novels, a poem, <fcc., Lon., 1791-1803. 
 
 Gunning, Miss. See PLUNKETT, MRS. 
 
 Gunning, Fred. Law of Tolls, Lon., 1833, 8vo. 
 
 Gunning, H. Reminiscences of the Town an 
 County of Cambridge, Lon., 1854, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed 
 same year, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 Gunning, Peter, D.D., 1613-1684, a native of Hoo 
 in Kent, educated at, Fellow and Tutor of, Clare Hal 
 Camb., deprived for refusing to take the Covenant; re 
 stored, 1660 ; Preb. of Canterbury ; Master successivel 
 of Corpus Christi and St. John's Coll., Camb. ; and Regiu 
 and Lady Margaret Prof, of Divinity; Bishop of Chi 
 Chester, 1670; trans, to Ely, 1674. 1. A Contention fo 
 Truth, Lon., 1658, 4to. 2. Schism Unmasked, <fec., Pari 
 1658, 8vo. 3. The Paschal or Lent Fast Apostolical an 
 Perpetual; a Serm. on Luke v. 35-38, Lon., 1662, 4t< 
 New ed., Oxf., 1845, 8vo, in Lib. of Anglo-Cath. Theol. 
 
 " He was a man of great reading, and noted for a special subtilt 
 of arguing." Bishop Burners Own Times. 
 
 GUR 
 
 "He was admired by great scholars, as well abroad as at home, 
 r his profound divinity ; was noted much also in England for his 
 iffusive charity." Atfien. Oxon. 
 
 See these authorities; also Masters's Hist, of C. C. C. C.; 
 Jentham's Hist, of Ely; Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy, 
 t. 2, 142 ; Calamy ; Salmon's Lives of the Bishops ; Lon. 
 rent. Mag., Ixiii. 15. 
 
 Gunning, Richard. Small-Pox, Lon., 1804, 12mo. 
 Gunnison, Capt. J. W., d. 1853, U.S. Corps Topo 
 graphical Engineers. Hist, of the Mormons of Utah : their 
 )ornestic Polity and Theology, Phila., 1852, 12mo. This 
 aluable Report was pub. by order of the U.S. Congress. 
 Gunter, Rev. Edmund, 1581-1626, an eminent 
 mathematician, the inventor of the famous Rule of Pro 
 portion, or Line of Numbers, which has made his name a 
 ynonym for accuracy, was a native of Hereford, and edu- 
 ated at Christ Church, Oxford. In 1619 he was elected 
 _?rof. of Astronomy at Gresham Coll., London. He was the 
 author of several inathemat. treatises, Canon Triangulo- 
 um, The Sector and Cross Staff, Ac., of which collective 
 dits. have been several times pub. Works, 5th and best 
 ed., corrected, Ac. by Will. Leybourne, 1673, 4to. Some 
 sopies bear the date of 1680, and are called 6th ed. See 
 Biog. Brit. ; Button's Diet ; Ward's Gresbam Professors. 
 Gunter, Peter. Serm., Lon., 1615, 4to. 
 Gunton, Symon. 1. God's House, Lon., 1657, 8vo. 
 Hist, of the Church of Peterburgh, pub. by Symon 
 Patrick, D.D., 1686, fol. Epitome of do., llth ed., Peterb., 
 1807, 8vo. 
 
 Guppy, Mrs. Dialogues for Children, 1800, 2 vols. 
 12mo. 
 
 Guppy, R. Municipal Corp. Act, Lon., 1835, 12mo. 
 Gurdon, Brampton. 1. 16 Serms. at Boyle's Lect., 
 Lon., 1721, '22, '32, 8vo; 1739, fol. 2. Serm., 1723, 4to. 
 
 3. Prophecy, 1728, 8vo. 
 
 Gurdon, Philip. Christian Character, 1778, 12mo. 
 
 Gurdon, Thornhagh. Hist, of the High Ct. of 
 Parliament, Lon., 1731, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Gurdon, W. Statutes rel. to Game, Lon., 1839, 12mo. 
 
 Gurnall, Wm., 1617-1679, educated at Emanuel Coll., 
 Camb.; minister at Lavenham for 35 years; appointed 
 Rector in 1644; and episcopally ordained at the Restora 
 tion. A man of great excellence of character. 1. Serm., 
 1660, 4to. 2. The Christian in Complete Armour, 1656- 
 58-62, 3 vols. 4to. New ed., 1844, 8vo. 
 
 Full of allusions to scriptural facts and figures of speech, 
 generally well supported ; sanctified wit, holy fire, deep experience, 
 and most animated practical applications." Dr. E. Williams's C. P. 
 
 " Spiritual and evangelical, with much Christian experience." 
 Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 3. Funl. Serm., 1672, 8vo. 
 
 Gurnay, Rev. Edmund. 1. Vindic. of the 2d Com 
 mand., Camb., 1639, 8vo. 2. Appendix to do., Lon., 1660, 
 12mo. 
 
 Gurney, Rev. Archer. 1. Love's Legend, &c.; 
 Poems, Lon., 1845, fp. 8vo. 2. K. Charles the First; a 
 Dram. Poem, 1847, '52, fp. 8vo. 3. Poems, 1853, p. 8vo. 
 
 4. The Transcendentalists, 1853, p. 8vo. 5. Songs of the 
 Present, 1854, 12mo. 6. Iphigenia at Delphi, 1855, 8vo. 
 
 Gurney, Arthur. Providence and Free Will, 1581. 
 
 Gurney, Auber. Faust; Part Second; from the Ger 
 man of Goethe, Lon., 1843, p. 8vo. 
 
 "Executed with much taste and great ability." Berlin. Mag. 
 for Foreign Lit., April 28, 1843. 
 
 " In one word, this English version is more agreeable, more flow 
 ing, more fresh, more clear, than many of the enigmatical passages 
 of the original." Leipsic Literary Gazette, June 6 and 7, 1843. 
 
 Gurney, Daniel. Supplement to the Record of the 
 House of Gournay, Lon., 1858. Privately printed. 
 
 Gurney, Rev. Edmund. See GURNAY. 
 
 Gurney, Hudson, M.P. 1. The Golden Ass of Apu- 
 leius; in English verse, entitled Cupid and Psyche, Lon., 
 1799, 4to and 8vo; 3d ed., 1801. An excellent trans. 2. 
 Bayeux Tapestry, 1817, 4to. 
 
 Gurney, Rev. John Hampden. 1. Three Serms., 
 Lon., 1845, fp. 8vo. 2. Historical Sketches, 1400-1546, 
 1852, 12mo ; 2d ed., 1858. 3. Second Series, 1855, fp. Svo. 
 4. The Grand Romish Fallacy, 1854, fp. Svo. 5. Grave 
 Thoughts, &c., 1855. 6. Serms., 1856. 7. Serms., 1857. 8. 
 Four Serms., 1857. 9. Historical Sketches, 3d Ser., 1858. 
 
 Gurney, Joseph, and Gurney, William Brodie, 
 short-hand writers. Joseph pub. Brachygraphy, Lon., 1751, 
 12mo; 15th ed., improved by Thomas Gurney, 1825, 12mo. 
 
 Gurney, Joseph John, 1788-1847, an eminent phi 
 lanthropist, and a distinguished minister of the Society of 
 Friends, was a native of Earlham, near Norwich, where 
 the family have possessed great influence for the last two 
 centuries. Mr. Gurney was the brother of the excellent 
 Elizabeth Fry, and a zealous co-labourer with her in many 
 
 749 
 
GUR 
 
 GUT 
 
 enterprises of Christian benevolence. After passing through 
 a course of preparatory study, the subject of this notice 
 resided for some time at Oxford, under the charge of a 
 private tutor, and attended the lectures of the University 
 without becoming a member and without subscribing to the 
 Thirty-Nine Articles. Upon the completion of his education 
 Mr. Gurney became a member of the eminent banking- 
 house established by his father, and henceforth devoted 
 much of his time to secular business, but was also actively 
 engaged in many philanthropic researches, and in the 
 zealous discharge of his duties as a minister (recognised 
 in 1818) of the religious society to which he was attached. 
 In addition to missionary tours among the prisons of Scot 
 land, England, and Ireland, Mr. Gurney paid three visits 
 to the Continent in 1841-43, and passed three years (1837- 
 40) in travelling in America. For the particulars connected 
 with the life of this truly excellent man, we refer the reader 
 to his Memoirs, by J. B. Braithwaite, Norwich, 1854, 2 
 vols. 8vo; Pbila., 1854, 2 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., 1855, 2 vols. 
 8vo. See also his Memoirs, by J. Alexander, Lon., 1847, 
 12 mo ; London Christian Observer for February and March, 
 1847 ; Lon. Gent. Mag. for March, 1847; Memorial of J. J. 
 Gurney, a Poem, by B. Barton, 1847, 4to ; An Examina 
 tion of the Memoirs and Writings of J. J. Gurney, by Wm. 
 Hodgson, Jr., Phila,, 1856. 
 
 Mr. Gurney was the author of numerous works which 
 gained him a highly respectable rank in the Republic of 
 Letters, of which the following are the principal : 1. Notes 
 on Prisons and Prison Discipline, Lon., 1819, 12mo. Re 
 viewed by Rev. Sydney Smith, in Edin. Rev., xxxv. 286- 
 302. 2. Letter to a Friend on Christianity, 3d ed., 1824, 
 12mo. 3. Observations on the Religious Peculiarities of 
 the Society of Friends, 1824, 12mo and 8vo. It passed 
 through seven eds. in the lifetime of the author. 
 
 " The best defence of the Quakers; it was ably met in the British 
 Review." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 4. Essays on the Evidences, Doctrines, and Practical 
 Operations of Christianity, 1827, 8vo. Trans, into Ger 
 man and Spanish. 
 
 " A very valuable summary and defence of evangelical views." 
 Bickersteth's G. S.. 
 
 " Mr. J. J. Gurney, if he had been a clergyman instead of a 
 Quaker, would have deserved a bishopric for his book upon the 
 Evidences of Christianity." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 5. Biblical Notes to confirm the Deity of Christ, 1830, 8vo. 
 " An able, solid, and profitable critical illustration of texts on 
 
 the subject." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 6. Brief Remarks on the History, Authority, and Use 
 of the Sabbath, 1831, 18mo. 
 
 " Like every thing which proceeds from this author's pen, it dis 
 plays solid erudition and acute reasoning, united to true simplicity 
 of mind and fervent piety." Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 7. Portable Evid. of Chris'y, 2d ed., 1832, 18mo. New 
 ed., 1841, 18mo. 8. Four Lects. on the Evid. of Chris'y, 
 1834, 18mo. 9. Treatise on the Habitual Exercise of Love 
 to God considered as a Preparative for Heaven, ISino and 
 8vo ; 7th ed., 1848, 18mo. 10. Letter to a Clerical Friend 
 on the Accordance of Geological Discovery with Natural 
 and Revealed Religion, 1835, 12tno. 
 
 "We greatly mistake if this tract, from the pen of our excellent 
 friend, Mr. Gurney, will not be found eminently serviceable to the 
 interests of revealed religion." Lon. Evangel. Mag. 
 
 11. Sabbatical Verses, 1837, 8vo. 
 
 " We do not consider that he was a poet of a very high order ; 
 but we might select from that volume, and from others of his 
 verses, some effusions which evince taste and feeling, attuning 
 devout ideas to the voice of melody." Lon. Ctiristian Observer. 
 
 12. Familiar Sketch of Wm. Wilberforce, 1840, 18mo. 
 13. A Winter in the West Indies, described in Familiar 
 Letters to Henry Clay, of Kentucky, 1840, 8vo ; 4th ed., 
 1841, 18mo. 14. Terms, of Union in the Bible Society. 
 15. Puseyism traced to its Root, 2d ed., 1845, 8vo. 16. 
 Thoughts on Habit and Discipline, 12mo and 8vo: 2d ed.. 
 1844, 12mo; 6th ed., 1852, 12mo. 
 
 " Its tone is decidedly religious, but its method is philosophical, 
 while its style is popular." ion. Athenaeum. 
 
 Mr. Gurney also pub. Treatises on the Right Applica 
 tion of Knowledge, and on other subjects. His Minor 
 Works have been pub. by Gilpin, of London, in 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Mr. Gurney was thrice married : first, to Jane Birbeck, 
 who died in 1822 ; secondly, to Mary Fowler, who died in 
 1836; and, thirdly, to Eliza P. Kirkbride, who survives 
 him. As a Christian, a philanthropist, and a man of ex 
 tensive and accurate learning, Mr. Gurney was amply 
 entitled to the extraordinary respect and veneration which 
 was accorded to him by men of all ranks of life and all 
 classes of opinion. 
 
 Gurney, Richard, Jr. Fables, Lon., 1809, 12mo. 
 
 Gurney, Thomas. System of Short- Hand. Lon, 
 1843, fp. 8vo. 
 75Q 
 
 Gurney, W. B. System of Short-Hand, 16th ed., 
 Lon., 1843, 12mo. 
 
 Gurney, Wm. 1. Serm., 1808. 2. Serm., 1808. 
 
 Gurney, Rev. Wm. Pocket-Dictionary of the Holy 
 Bible, Lon., 1826, 18mo; 1834, 24mo. From Calmet, 
 Brown, and others. 
 
 Gurwood, Colonel John, R.N., C.B., and Deputy- 
 Lieut, of the Tower of London, d. 1845, entered the army 
 in 1808, and served under the Duke of Wellington in the 
 Peninsula and at Waterloo. He filled the post of private 
 secretary to the Duke, and was therefore well calculated 
 for the laborious duty of editing his Despatches and 
 Orders, which he performed in a highly creditable manner. 
 The mental toil and anxiety involved in this undertaking 
 perhaps proved indirectly the cause of the colonel's death 
 he committed suicide in a fit of insanity produced "by 
 relaxation of his nervous system, in consequence of his 
 great work, 'The Wellington Despatches,' being con 
 cluded," Lon. Gent. Mag., Feb.1846 ; where will be found 
 an interesting biography of this distinguished soldier. 
 The Despatches of the Duke of Wellington, 1799-1818, 
 which may be entitled a history of British military opera 
 tions for that period, were pub. in 13 vols. 8vo, including 
 the Index, 1835-38. New ed., 8 vols. r. 8vo, 1843-48; also 
 in 1853, 8 vols. 8vo. Selections from, 1842, r. 8vo; also 
 in 1850, r. 8vo. To the Despatches must be added The 
 General Orders of the Duke, 1809-18, also compiled by 
 Colonel Gurwood; 1837, 8vo. 
 
 "Colonel Gurwood takes occasion, but much too seldom, to in 
 troduce short notes of his own, in order to eludidate circumstances 
 which the text of the letters does not explain. We greatly wish 
 that he had been less diffident on this score. . . . The Duke's high- 
 spirited and able Editor." ROBERT SOUTHEY : Lon. Quar. Rev., 
 Iviii. 82-107. 
 
 "The most authentic and valuable of biographical productions. 
 It is analogous to Sparks' s Life and Writings of Washington." 
 CHANCELLOR KENT. 
 
 Colonel Gurwood also arranged The Duke's Speeches 
 in Parliament, pub. in 1853, 2 vols. 8vo. For a notice of 
 The Despatches and Orders, and estimates of the literary 
 character of the author, see WELLINGTON, ARTHUR WEL- 
 LESLEY, DUKE OP. 
 
 Gutch, J. W. G. Literary and Scientific Register, 
 Lon., 32mo. Pub. annually, 1842-56. 
 
 Gutch, John, d. 1831, aged 86, Registrar of the 
 Univ. of Oxford, Rector of St. Clement's, and Chaplain 
 of All-Souls' College. 1. Collectanea Curiosa; or, Miscell. 
 Tracts rel. to the Hist, and Antiq. of Eng. and Ireland, 
 the Univ. of Oxford and Camb., &c., chiefly from the MSS. 
 of Archbp. Sancroft, Oxf., 1781, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Hist, and 
 Antiq. of the Univ. of Oxford; now first pub. in English, 
 from the original MSS. of Ant. Wood, with a Continuation 
 by the Editor, 1786, 4to. 3. Fasti Oxonienses, by Wood; 
 with a Continuation, &c. by the Editor, 1790, 4to. 4. The 
 Antiq. and Annals of the Univ. of Oxford, from the MS. 
 of Wood, 1792-94-96, 3 vols. 4to. See WOOD, ANTHONY. 
 A biography of Mr. Gutch will be found in Lon. Gent. 
 Mag., Sept. 1831. 
 
 Gutch, John Mathew, ed. of Farley's Journal, d. 
 1858. A Lytell Geste of Robin Hode, 1847, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " These handsome volumes, both in richness of matter and cor 
 rectness of text, exceed the precious labours of even Ritson him 
 self." Lon. Gent. Mag. 
 
 " If any one wants to know bold Robin Hood as he was, let him 
 straightway possess himself of those two delightful volumes for 
 which we are indebted to Mr. Gutch. We have here not only the 
 consecutive series of ballads known as The Lytell Geste of Robin, 
 Hode, but every ballad, tale, and song, relating to the famous 
 outlaw; and the whole are beautifully illustrated. Mr. Gutch 
 thoroughly understands the duty of an editor, and has applied 
 himself heart and soul to the task ; in consequence, he has given 
 us by far the best collection of English ballads which for years 
 has issued from the press." BlackwoocPs Mag. 
 
 The graphic lines of the poet will occur to many of our 
 readers : 
 
 " In this our spacious Isle, I thinK there is not one 
 But he of Robin Hood hath heard, and Little John, 
 And to the end of time the tales shall ne'er be done, 
 Of Scarlock, George a Green and Much the Miller's Son, 
 Of Tuck the merry Friar, which many a Sermon made 
 In praise of Robin Hood, his outlaws, and their trade." 
 
 DRAYTON. 
 
 Gutch, Rev. Robert. A Discourse, Lon., 1803, 8vo. 
 
 Guthrie, G. J., an eminent surgeon, has pub. a num 
 ber of professional treatises of high reputation, 1815-53. 
 
 Guthrie, or Guthry, Henry, d. 1676? Bishop of 
 Dunkeld, 1664. Memoirs, temp. Charles I., Lon., 1702, 
 8vo; 2d ed., Glasg., 1747, 12mo. 
 
 Guthrie, James. Considerations rel. to the Dangers 
 to Religion and the Reform., Edin., 1660, 12mo. 
 
 Guthrie, James. Serm., 1732, 8vo; 1738, 12mo. 
 
 Guthrie, John. Laws of England, Lon., 1843, 8vo. 
 
GUT 
 
 Guthrie, Mrs. Maria, wife of Dr. Matthew Guthrie, 
 and Acting Directress of the Imperial Convent for the 
 education of the Female Nobility of Russia. A Tour in 
 1795-96 through the Taurica or Crimea, Lon., 1802, 4to. 
 
 This work contains a lovely description of the various tribes 
 that inhabit the Crimea; their manners, institutions, natural 
 history, and remarks on the migrations of the Asiatic tribes. That 
 part of the work which relates to antiquities was written hy her 
 husband, Dr. Guthrie." Stevenson's Voyages and Travels. 
 
 Guthrie, Matthew, M.D., husband of the preceding, 
 d at St. Petersburgh in 1807. Dissert, surles Antiquities 
 de Russie, Ac., Petersb., 1795, 8vo. He con papers to 
 Phil. Trans., 1778, 79 ; Trans. Edin. Soc., 1790 ; Nichol. 
 
 JO Guthrie, Thomas, D.D., b. 1800, minister of Free 
 St. John's, Edinburgh, was born at Brechin, Forfarshire, 
 Scotland. 1. A Sufficient Maintenance and an Efficient 
 Ministry; a Serm., with Notes, Edin., 1852, 8vo. 
 
 " We earnestly recommend this discourse." Baptist Mag. 
 
 2. The Gospel in Ezekiel, 1855, 12mo; 20th thousand. 
 
 "The most eloquent of the present range of Free Church 
 
 PI " In the excellent work before us, these lights of the glorious 
 Gospel, as revealed to an ancient prophet, are collected, arranged, 
 and illustrated, by the hand of a master." Cliris. Observer. 
 
 Dr. Guthrie has also pub. A Plea in behalf of Drunkards 
 against Drunkenness, and edited a new ed. (Edin., 1856, 
 fp. 8vo) of Berridge's Christian World Unmasked. He 
 was one of the four leading men the other three being 
 Drs. Chalmers, Cunningham, and Candlish connected 
 with the disruption of the Established Church of Scotland 
 and the institution of the Free Church of that country. 
 To him also humanity is indebted for the establishment 
 of the Edinburgh original Ragged or Industrial School 
 which has been productive of vast benefit to the poorer 
 
 Guthrie, Wm., 1620-1665, minister of the parish 
 church of Finwick, 1644-64. The Christian's Great 
 Interest. New ed., Lon., 1705 ; Glasg., 1755, 8vo. With 
 Memoirs of the Author, <fcc., Edin., 1797, 12mo; 4th ed 
 with Introduc. by T. Chalmers, D.D., Glasg., 1844, 12mo; 
 7th ed., 1850, 12mo. Trans, into French, High and Low 
 Dutch, and (at the expense, it is said, of the Hon. Robert 
 Boyle) into one of the Eastern languages. 
 
 Dr. John Owen called this book his Vade-Mecum, and 
 added, 
 
 " I have wrote several folios, but there is more divinity in it 
 than them all." 
 
 " An excellent work." Bicker steth's C. S. 
 A sermon of Guthrie's on Sympathy, and Memoirs of 
 his Life by Rev. Wm. Dunlop, will be found in the Select 
 Biographies edited for the Woodrow Society by Rev. W 
 K. Tweedie, Edin., 1845-47, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Guthrie, Wm., 1708-1770, a native of Brechin, a 
 schoolmaster in Aberdeen, and subsequently an author in 
 London, pub. a number of works and trans, from Cicero 
 and Quintilian. 1. Hist, of England to 1688, Lon., 1744- 
 51, 3 vols. foL Reprinted in 1771. 
 
 " A Tory history of England, by no means destitute of merit.' 
 '" Now [1824] rarely consulted. 1 ' Dibdin's Lib. Comp. 
 Ralph's Hist, of England may be read as a continuation 
 of Guthrie's. 2. Hist, of the English Peerage, 1763, 4to 
 3. General Hist, of the World, 1764-67, 12 vols. 8vo. 4 
 A General Hist, of Scotland to 1746, 1767, 10 vols. 8vo 
 5. New System of Modern Geography, or a Geog., Hist, 
 and Commercial Grammar, fcc., 1770, 8vo. Many edits, 
 last, by Davenport, 1843, 18mo; last ed. of the Atlas 
 1840, 8vo. It is asserted that the bookseller, and no 
 Guthrie, was really the compiler of this popular work. 6 
 Chronological Table, 1744, 8vo. Guthrie was a contri 
 butor to the Gentleman's Magazine and to the Critica 
 Review, and the author of many political pamphlets, &c 
 pub. without his name. See Lysons's Environs, vol. iii. 
 Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes ; Bosvvell's Life of Johnson 
 Disraeli's Calamities of Authors. 
 
 " Sir, he [Guthrie] is a man of parts. He has no great regula 
 fund of knowledge, but by reading so long and writing so long h 
 has no doubt picked up a good deal." Dr. Johnson to Boswell. 
 
 Guthrie, Wm., M.D., of St. Petersburgh. Con. t( 
 Med. Com., 1777, '94, '95. 
 
 Guthry, Henry. See GUTHRIE. 
 Gutzlatf, Rev. Charles, D.D., 1803-1851, a nativ 
 of Pyritz, Pomerania, a missionary in Java, Singapore 
 Siam, and China, from 1826 until his death at Canton 
 was the author of many works theolog., historical, philo 
 logical, legal, critical, <fec. in Dutch, Latin, Siamese 
 Cochin-Chinese, and English. An interesting account o 
 his life and labours will be found in the London Gent 
 Mag. for Dec. 1851. See also The International Mag. 
 (N. York,) vol. i. 317-318 ; iv. 707. Three or four of Dr 
 
 GWI 
 
 Gr.'s works are well known to the English reader, viz.: 
 .' Chinese History, Lon., 1834, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " We cordially recommend this exceedingly interesting account 
 f this very interesting country." ion. Review. 
 
 "Au authentic and interesting picture of China." CHANCELLOB 
 
 " 2. China Opened; ed. by Rev. A. Reed, 1838, 2 vols. 
 
 ''"A superficial, yet, on the whole, pretty good, sketch of China 
 nd its inhabitants."- JHcCWfoc/i's Lit. of Polit. Econ 
 
 " By far the most interesting, complete, and valuable account 
 )f the Chinese Empire that has yet been published." ion. Sun. 
 
 3. A Journal of Three Voyages along the Coast of China, 
 1831-33 j 3d ed., 1839, p. 8vo. 
 
 " The work of a man who has done more to break down the 
 rrier which prevents the entrance of Christian missionaries into 
 
 China than any other human being." ion. Eclectic Review. 
 " Mr. Gutzlaffs voyages are replete with surpassing interest. 
 
 He is a wonderful man, a heroic Christian, and a zealous philan- 
 
 ;hropist." Scottish Pilot. 
 
 4. The Life of Taon Kwang, late Emperor of China, 
 1852, p. 8vo. Reviews of Mr. Gutzlaff's accounts of China 
 will be found in the Amer. Quar. Rev., xvii. 100, ("a 
 
 earned and masterly production." CHANCELLOR KENT;) 
 Lon. Quar. Rev., li. 468 ; by E. G. Smith, in Chris. Quar. 
 Spec., v. 591; by B. B. Edwards, in Amer. Quar. Obs., i. 
 330. See also Lieber's Essays on Property and Labour, 
 ed. 1854, p. 67. 
 
 Guy, J. Songs, Catches, &c., 1799. 
 
 Guy, Joseph, Prof, of Geography at the Royal Mili 
 tary College, Great Marlow, has pub. many educational 
 works on Astronomy, Geography, History, Arithmetic, Ac., 
 which maintain a high reputation. 
 
 Guy, Joseph, Jr., of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, son of 
 the preceding, was his father's assistant in some of the 
 works just noticed, and has himself pub. a number of 
 volumes on Grammar, Arithmetic, <fec. 
 
 Guy, Melmoth. Cancerous Cases, <fcc., Lon., 1777, 8vo. 
 
 Guy, Richard. Works upon Cancers, &c., 1755-65. 
 
 Guy, Thomas, d. 1724, aged 80, the founder of Guy's 
 Hospital. His Last Will, Lon., 1725, 8vo. 
 
 Guy, W. A. Principles of Forensic Medicine, Lon., 
 1844, fp. 8vo. Amer. ed., by C. A. Lee, N. York, 1845, 8vo. 
 
 Guy, Wm. Dislocation ; Med. Facts, 1794. 
 
 Guybon, Francis. Empiricism, Lon., 1712, 8vo. 
 
 Guyse, John, D.D., 1680-1761, a Calvinistic Inde 
 pendent divine, settled at Hertford, and subsequently in 
 New Broad Street, London, pub. a number of Serms., Dis 
 courses, &c., but is best known -by The Practical Exposi 
 tor; or, An Exposition of the N. Test, in the form of a 
 Paraphrase, with Notes, <fec., Lon., 1739-42, 3 vols. 4to ; 
 1760, 3 vols. 4to : called the best ed. Other eds., in 6 vols. 
 8vo, Edin., 1775, 1808, '14. 
 
 " Dr. G. has shown his solid judgment and learning ; and, with 
 out affectation and needless pomp of criticism, has given the reader 
 as full a view of the sense of the best interpreters, and as compre 
 hensive an insight into the scope and meaning of the New Testa 
 ment, as is likely perhaps to be met with in the same compass of 
 words." MIDDLE-TON. 
 
 " A heavy work. In the paraphrase various and often discord 
 ant senses are brought together. The notes do not throw much 
 light on the text. It is far inferior to the similar work of his 
 friend and contemporary, Dr. Doddridge, [The Family Expositor.]" 
 Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 "If this work has not an air of elegant criticism and modern re 
 finement, like the Family Expositor, [of Dr. Doddridge,] it is very 
 sound and judicious, expressed in a style significant, perspicuous, 
 and correct, though not ornamented." Dr. E. Williams's C. P. 
 
 " Very useful to a minister, though too heavy for the general 
 reader." Bickersteth's G. S. 
 
 " His paraphrase has never been very popular." Home's Bibl. 
 Bib. 
 
 "It displays sound judgment, an intimate acquaintance with 
 the original, considerable critical acumen, with much seriousness 
 and seal for truth." BOGUE AND BENNETT. 
 
 His work on the Holy Spirit (greatly admired) has been 
 recently (Lon., 1840, r. 8vo) repub. His sermons, pub. 
 separately and collectively, and at various dates, have 
 been highly commended : 
 
 " His discourses the reader will find judicious, weighty, serious, 
 evangelical, and instructive." Wilson's Dissenters. 
 
 "Evangelical and practical." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 Gwilliam, or Guillim, Sir Henry, Chief-Justice 
 of the Isle of Ely. 1. Bacon's Abridgt. : see BACON, 
 MATTHEW. 2. A Charge, 1799, 4to. 3. Acts, <fcc. rel. to 
 Tithes, 1801, 4 vols. r. 8vo; 2d ed., by C. Ellis, 1825, 4 
 vols. r. 8vo. 
 
 Gwilliam, John. Poems, <fcc., Lon., 1813, Ac. 
 G \villim, John. See GTJILLIM. 
 Gwilt, Joseph. Encyc. of Architecture, illus. by 
 upwards of 1000 engravings on wood, Lon., 1842, 8vo; 3d 
 ed., 1854, 8vo. 
 
 " This elaborate and learned work constitutes a complete body 
 of architecture." ion. Spectator. 
 
GWI 
 
 HAG 
 
 Mr. G. has pub. a number of other works on Architec 
 ture, Ac. 
 
 Gwilym, David Ap, 1340-1400? the "Ovid of 
 Wales," was a native of Brogynin, Cardiganshire. His 
 Poems, in Welsh, pub. by Owen Jones and Wm. Owen, 
 1792, 8vo. Highly commended by the editors. 
 
 Gwinett, Ambrose. His Life, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Gwinne, or Gwynne, Matthew, M.D., d. 1627, a 
 native of London, Fellow of St. John's Coll., Oxford, first 
 Prof, of Physic in Gresham Coll., London, 1596-1607. 
 
 1. Nero Tragoedia, Lon., 1603, 4to. 2. Vertumnus Comae- 
 dia, 1607, 4to. 3. Chymicae, 1611, 4to. Other publica 
 tions. See Athen. Oxon. ; Ward's Lives of the Gresham 
 Professors. 
 
 Gwinneth, or Gwynneth, John, Vicar of Luton, 
 pub. a number of treatises against the writings of John 
 Frith and the doctrines of the Reformation, Lon., 1536-57. 
 See Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Gwyn, David. English verses, Lon., 16mo. 
 
 Gwyne, Lieut. Lawrence, R.N. Robertson's Navi 
 gation; 7th ed., 1805, r. 8vo. 
 
 Gwyne, Wm. Two Serms., 1780, 4to. 
 
 Gwynn, John. 1. Essay on Design, Lon., 1749, 8vo. 
 
 2. London and Westminster improved, 1766, 4to. Many 
 of the improvements here suggested have been effected. 
 The dedication to the King was written by Dr. Samuel 
 Johnson. 
 
 Gwynne, John. Military Memoirs of the Great 
 Civil War, Ac., Edin., 1822, 4to. 500 copies printed. 
 The introduction was written by Sir Walter Scott. 
 
 " Captain Gwynne was a retainer in the household of Charles I., 
 whom he served in the war ; afterwards he followed the banner of 
 Charles II., served under Montrose, and joined James, Duke of 
 York, on the Continent." 
 
 Gwynne, Matthew, M.D. See GWINNE. 
 
 Gwynne, T. Law rel. to Duties on Probate and 
 Lett, of Adminis. ; 3d ed., Lon., 1841, 12mo. 
 
 Gwynneth, John. See GWINNETH. 
 
 Gybson. A Description of Nortons in Yorkshire, 1569. 
 
 Gybson, Thomas. Concordance of the N. Test. 
 Impr. by T. G., 1535? Probably the work of John 
 Day, assisted by Gybson, the printer. 
 
 Gyer, Rev. Nicholas. Phlebotomy, Lon., 1592, 8vo. 
 
 Gyffard, Giflard, Gilford, or Gyfford, George, 
 minister of Maldon, Essex, pub. 15 Serms. on the Song of 
 Solomon, a number of occasional serins., and treatises 
 against Romanists, Brownists, witchcraft, ic., 1573-1620. 
 
 "A very noted preacher, and one most admirably well vers'd in 
 several sorts of learning which were rare and much in esteem in 
 his time, but withal a great enemy to Popery." Athen. Oxon., q. v. 
 
 Gyfford, E. Designs for Elegant Cottages and Small 
 Villas, 1809, 4to. 
 
 Gyfford, George. See GYFFARD. 
 
 Gyfford, R. Sacred Poems, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 Gylby, Goddred. 1. Trans, of an Epist. on the office 
 of a Magistrate, <fcc., by Cicero and Quintus, Lon., 1561, 
 16mo. 2. Trans, of Calvin's Admonit. against Astrology 
 Judiciall, <fcc., 16mo. 
 
 Gylebie, or Gylby, Anthony. See GILBY. 
 
 Gyles, J. F. 1. Authenticity of the N. Test., Lon.. 
 1812, 8vo. 
 
 " A learned and satisfactory essay." Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 2. New Hebrew Grammar, 1814, '16, 8vo. 
 
 " Characterized by simplicity of manner and clearness of illus 
 tration." Home's Bill. Bib. 
 
 3. The Truth of Christianity, 1832, 8vo. 
 
 "An attempt to state clearly and concisely the leading evidences 
 for the truth of Christianity." 
 
 Gyles, Wm. A Defence of Dr. Sherlock's Preserva 
 tive against Popery , in reply to a Jesuit's Answer, Lon., 
 1688, 4to. 
 
 H. 
 
 Haas, James D. 1. Gleanings from Germany, Lon., 
 1838, p. 8vo. 2. F. Kohlrausch's Hist, of Germany, trans. 
 by J. D. H., 1845, 8vo. Highly commended. 3. Zschokke's 
 Hours of Meditation, 1843, fp. Svo; 1846, 12mo. 
 
 " On the Continent thousands have testified to the merits of this 
 admirable author. The original has now reached its twenty-third 
 edition. We are convinced that this portion of his writings has 
 only to be known in this country to be equally appreciated." 
 L:n. Atlas. 
 
 Habersham, A. W., TJ.S.N. My Last Cruise; being 
 an Account of the U.S. North Pacific Exploring Expedi 
 tion ; 2d ed., Phila., 1857, 8vo. Highly commended. 
 
 Habershon, Matthew. 1. Prophetic Scriptures, 
 Lon., 1834, '40, '42, 8vo. 2. A Guide to the Study of 
 Chronological Prophecy, 1835, 12ino. 
 
 "It is written in a practical and Christian spirit, and well de 
 serves attention for its truly pious and important remarks." 
 
 BlCKERSTETH. 
 
 3. Revelation of St. John, 1841, Svo; 1844, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 4. Premillennial Hymns, 2d ed., 1841, 18mo. 
 
 Habington, Thomas, d. 1647, collected the materials 
 which formed the basis of Treadway Nash's Hist, of Wor 
 cestershire, and was engaged in some other literary labours. 
 He was implicated in Babington's and in Essex's conspi 
 racies, and in the Gunpowder Plot. See Bliss's Wood's 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Habington, 'William, 1605-1645, son of the pre 
 ceding, was educated at the College of St. Omer, and in 
 tended for a Jesuit, but in preference he married Lucy, 
 daughter of William Herbert, first Lord Powis, by Eleanor, 
 daughter of Henry Percy, first Earl of Northumberland. 
 This lady, first as the object of his courtship and secondly 
 as his wife, he has celebrated in his poems under the title 
 of Castara. Under this name also his poems were col 
 lected and pub. in 1634, Lon., 4to; 2d ed., 1635, 12mo; 
 3d ed., 1640, 12mo. New ed., with a Pref. and Notes by 
 C. A. Elton, Bristol, 1814, 8vo. Also in Johnson and Chal 
 mers's Eng. Poets, 1810. 
 
 "They possess much elegance, much poetical fancy; and are 
 almost everywhere tinged with a deep molral cast, which ought to 
 have made their fame permanent Indeed I cannot easily account 
 
 "Some of his pieces deserve being revived." Headley's Anc, 
 Eng. Poet. 
 
 " As an amatory poet he possesses more unaffected tenderness 
 and delicacy of sentiment than either Carew or Waller, with an 
 elegance of versification very seldom inferior to his more favowe<3 
 contemporaries." THOMAS PARK. 
 
 But audi alteram partem: 
 752 
 
 ; He was a middling poet of the worst school of poetry, pos 
 sessed the coldness without the smoothness and polish of Waller, 
 and sacrificed grace and feeling to the utterance of clever or strange 
 things: his amatory poetry is without passion, his funeral elegies 
 without grief, and his paraphrases of scripture without the warmth 
 or elevation of the original." Lon. Retrosp. Rev., xii. 274-286: 
 1825. 
 
 " The poetry of Habington is that of a pure and amiable mind, 
 turned to versification by the custom of the day, during a real 
 passion for a lady of birth and virtue, the Castara whom be after 
 wards married ; but it displays no great original power, nor is it by 
 any means exempt from the ordinary blemishes of hyperbolical 
 compliment and far-fetched imagery." Hallam's Lit. Hist, of 
 Europe. 
 
 2. The Queene of Aragon; a Tragi-Comedie, 1664, fol. 
 And in Dodsley's Collec. of Old Plays. 
 
 " The play, indeed, 
 incident, character, or imagery." Betrosp. Rev., iibi supra. 
 
 3. Hist, of Edward the IV., King of England, 1640, fol. 
 Written and pub. at the desire of K. Charles I. It is re 
 printed in vol. i. of Kennett's Hist, of England. 4. Obser 
 vations upon Historic, 1641, 8vo. 
 
 Wood observes that the Hist, of Edward IV. was 
 
 " By many esteemed to have a stile sufficiently florid, and better 
 becoming a poetical than historical subject." Athen. Oxon., q. v.; 
 and also Biog. Dramat. ; and Johnson and Chalmers's Eng. Poets, 
 1810. 
 
 Hack, Maria, a sister of Bernard Barton, has pub. 
 English Stories of the Olden Time, Grecian Stories, Tales 
 of Travellers for Winter Evenings, and other popular 
 juvenile works. 
 
 Hacke,Capt.Wm. A Collection of Original Voyages, 
 Lon., 1699, 8vo. This collection contains part of the ori 
 ginal material for the History of the Bucaniers : Capt. 
 Cowley's Voyage round the Globe, Capt. Sharp's Journey 
 over the Isthmus of Darien and Expedition to the South 
 Seas, Capt. Wood's Voyage to the Straits of Magellan, <fec. 
 
 Hacket, Mrs. Poems, 1804, Svo. 
 
 Hacket, John, D.D., 1592-1670, a native of London, 
 educated at Trin. Coll., Camb.; Rector of Stoke-Hamon, 
 1618; of St. Andrew's, Holborn, London, and of Cheam, 
 Surrey, 1624; Archdeacon of Bedford, 1631; Bishop of 
 Lichfield and Coventry, 1661. As a theologian he was a 
 zealous Protestant and a moderate Calvinist; as a man he 
 was in great reputation for piety, hospitality, generosity, 
 and benignity. 1. Comoedia Loila, data per Job. Hackt 
 Epis. Litchfield, Lon., 1648, Svo. This Latin comedy was 
 twice acted before James I. 2. Serm., 1660, 4to. 3. A 
 Century of Serms., with the Author's Life, by Thos. Plume, 
 D.D., 1675, fol. 
 
HAG 
 
 HAG 
 
 " Bishop Racket and I go on well after supper. His are comical 
 sermons : half Roman Catholic in their conceits, full of learning 
 which would be utterly unprofitable if it did not sometimes call 
 forth a shrewd remark, seasoned with piety, and having strong 
 good sense mixed up with other ingredients, like plums in a pud 
 ding which has not too many of them." Southey's Life and Oor- 
 resp. 
 
 4. Scrinia Reserta: the Life of Archbishop Williams, 
 1693, fol. Abridged by Ambrose Philips, 1700, 8vo. 
 Abridged by W. Stephens, 1715, 4to. 
 
 "Full of curious matter." DISRAELI. 
 
 " What a delightful and instructive book Bishop Racket's Life 
 of Archbishop Williams is! You learn more from it of that which 
 is valuable towards an insight into the times preceding the Civil 
 Wars, than from all the ponderous histories and memoirs now com 
 posed about that period." COLERIDGE. 
 
 Another critic remarks that this work, 
 
 "Though full of elaborate and pedantic absurdity, insomuch 
 that it was roundly declared by a great judge of style to be the 
 worst-written book in the language, nevertheless abounds with 
 new and curious matter." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 A new ed. of his Christian Consolations, with a Memoir, 
 was pub. in 1840, fp. Svo; and a treatise of his on Fasting 
 will be found in Tracts of Angl. Fathers, iv. 163. 
 
 " He abounded not only with great learning, acute wit, excellent 
 judgment and memory, but with an incomparable integrity, pru 
 dence, justice, piety, charity, constancy to God and to his friend in 
 adversity, and in his friendship was most industrious to fulfil it 
 with good offices. His motto was, Serve God, and be chearfull." 
 DR. CAMPBELL: Biog. Brit., q. v. ; also Life by Dr. Plume, prefixed 
 to his Sermons; Gen. Diet.; Athen. Oxon. ; Gent. Mag., vol. Ixvi. 
 
 Hacket, Lawrence. Serm., 1707, 4to. 
 
 Hackett, Horatio B., b. December 27, 1808, at 
 Salisbury, Mass. ; grad. at Amherst College, 1830; studied 
 Theology at Andover, and afterwards at Halle, in Germany ; 
 Prof. Ancient Languages in Brown Univ. from 1835 to 1839. 
 Since then Prof, of Hebrew and Biblical Interpretation in 
 Newton Theological Institution. 
 
 1. Plutarch de sera Numinis Vindicta, with a body of 
 Notes, Andover, 12mo. 2. Chaldee Grammar, translated 
 with Additions from the German, 8vo. 3. Hebrew Exer 
 cises for the use of Theological Students. 4. A Commen 
 tary on the Original Text of the Acts of the Apostles, 1853, 
 Svo; 2ded., 1858. 5. Illustrations of Scripture, suggested 
 by a Tour in the Holy Land, Boat., 1855, 12mo, pp. 340. 
 
 Prof. Hackett has also contributed to various literary and 
 theological reviews. See N. Amer. Rev., July, 1858, 235. 
 
 Hackett, James. Expedit. which sailed to S. Ame 
 rica in 1817, 1818, 8vo. 
 
 Hackett, James Thomas, b. in Cork, Ireland, 1805, 
 son of John Hackett, is the author of various pamphlets 
 on railway statistics, building, and mathematics. 
 
 Hackett, John. Epitaphs, Lon., 1757, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " An excellent collection." Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 Hackett, Roger. 1. Serm., 1591. 2. Do., 1598, 1628. 
 
 Hackett, Thomas, D.D., Bishop of Down and Con- 
 nor,1672; deprived for simony, 1694. Serm.,Lon.,1672,4to. 
 
 Hackett, Capt. Wm. Cavalry, 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Hackewill, Wm. See HAKEWELL. 
 
 Hackitt, Thomas. 1. Voyage of Vezarianus, 1524. 
 2. Voyage of Ribault, in 1563. These are included in 
 Hakluyt's Voyages, 1582, 4to, q. v. 
 
 Hackle, Palmer. Hints on Angling, Lon., 1846. 
 
 Hackley, Charles W., b. March 9, 1808, at Herkimer, 
 N. Y. ; entered Military Acad., West Point, as Cadet, in 
 1825; grad., 1829; Assistant Professor of Mathematics'at 
 West Point until 1832 ; studied law, and afterwards theo 
 logy, and was ordained a clergyman in the Prot. Episcopal 
 Church in 1835 ; Prof. Mathematics in the Univ. of New 
 York till 1838 ; afterwards Pres. of Jefferson College, Mis 
 sissippi; Rector of St. Peter's Epis. Church in Auburn, 
 N. Y. ; and Prof, of Mathematics and Astronomy in Co 
 lumbia College, N. Y., (since 1843.) 1. Treatise on Algebra, 
 N. Y., 1846, 8vo. This is considered one of the most full 
 and complete single treatises on this subject in any language. 
 2. A School and College edition, abridged from the same, 
 8vo. 3. A treatise on Geometry, 1847, 12mo. 4. A trea 
 tise on Trigonometry and its applications to Navigation, 
 Surveying, Nautical and Practical Astronomy, <fec., and 
 Geodesy, 1851, '54, Svo. 5. Hoslett's Mechanics', Machin 
 ists', and Engineers' Practical Book of Reference; and the 
 Engineer's Field-Book; edited by C. W. H., 1856, 12mo. 
 
 Hackluyt, Richard. See HAKLUYT. 
 
 Hackman, Rev. James. His Letters: see Sir Her 
 bert Croft's Love and Madness. 
 
 Haddington, Thomas Hamilton, first Earl of, d. 
 1637, left a number of legal MSS. Practice, Decisions 
 of the Ct. of Session, 1592-1624, Ac. for an account of 
 which see Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors. 
 
 Haddiugton, Thomas Hamilton, sixth Earl of, 
 d. 1785, was the author of Forty Select Poems. 1737. '61, 
 48 
 
 '65, '83. Tales in Verse, and a Treatise on Forest Trees, 
 1761. See Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors. 
 
 Haddock, Charles B., D.D., b. 1796, late minister 
 from the U. States to Portugal, is a native of Salisbury, 
 (now Franklin,) N. Hampshire, and a nephew of the late 
 Hon. Daniel Webster. An interesting biographical sketch 
 of this eminent scholar and divine will be found in the 
 International Magazine, ii. 1-3. Addresses and Miscella 
 neous Writings, Cambridge, 1846, 8vo. Dr. H. has been a 
 contributor to The Biblical Repertory, The Bibliotheca 
 Sacra, and other periodicals. He has now in preparation 
 a work on Rhetoric. 
 
 Haddo, James. Baptism, Edin., 1704, 4to. 
 
 Haddon, Walter, 1516-1572, a native of Bucking 
 hamshire, one of the revivers of the learned languages in 
 England, Fellow of King's Coll., Camb., became President 
 of Magdalen Coll., Oxf., and Prof, of Rhetoric and Ora 
 tory in the University. He was one of the authors of The 
 Reformatio Legum Ecclesiasticarum. A collective edit, 
 of his works, consisting of 10 Latin Orations, 14 letters, 
 and some poems, was pub. in 1567, Lon., 4to, under the 
 title of Lucubrationes, <fec. His Poemata were pub., with 
 his Life, in 1576, 16mo. 
 
 When Queen Elizabeth was asked whether she preferred 
 Haddon or Buchanan in point of learning, she replied, 
 " Buchananum omnibus antepono, 
 Haddonum nemini postpono." 
 
 An eminent modern critic considers that Haddon's merits 
 as a Latinist have been overrated : 
 
 "Many of our own critics have extolled the Latinity of Walter 
 Haddon. His Orations were published in 1567. They belong to 
 the first years of this period, [1550 to 1600,] but they seem hardly 
 to deserve any high praise. Haddon had certainly laboured at an 
 imitation of Cicero, but without catching his manner or getting 
 rid of the florid, semi-poetical tone of the fourth century." Hal- 
 lam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 Haden, Charles Thomas. 1. Med. Guide for Fa 
 milies, Lon., Svo. 2. Alcock's Diseases of Children, Svo. 
 3. Formulary rel. to Morphine, &c. : see DUNGLISON, ROB- 
 LEY, M.D., LL.D. 
 
 Haden, Thomas. Case of Rupture, Trans. Med. 
 and Chir., 1800. The patient recovered. 
 
 Hadfield, James. Gothic Architec. of Essex, Lon., 
 1848, fol. A work of great value to the antiquary as well 
 as to the architect. 
 
 Hadfield, Thomas. 1. Serm., 1733, Svo. 2. Do., 
 1737, Svo. 
 
 Hadley, George. Trade Winds, Phil. Trans., 1735. 
 2. Meteorolog. Diaries, ib. 1735. 
 
 Hadley, Capt. George. Hist, of Kingston-upon- 
 Hull, 1788, 4to. Capt. H. pub. some grammat. works 
 upon the Persian language, <fcc., 1776-1S09. 
 
 Hadley, John, d. 1744, whose name is connected 
 with the invention of the quadrant and of a reflecting 
 telescope, contributed a number of papers on astronomy, 
 nat. philos., Ac. to Phil. Trans., 1723-46. He was Vice- 
 President of the Royal Society. 
 
 Hadley, John. Chem. Lects., Camb., 1758, Svo. 
 
 Hadow, James. Antinomianism, Edin., 1721, 12mo. 
 
 Haggar, Henry. The Order of Causes, of God's 
 Fore-Knowledge, <fec., Lon., 1654, 4to. 
 
 Haggard, John, LL.D. 1. Reports in Consis. Ct. of 
 London, Lon., 1822, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Rep. in H. Ct. Admi 
 ralty, 1822-38, 3 vols. Svo ; 1825-40. Continued by Dr. 
 Wm. Robinson. 3. Rep. of the Judg. in Dew v. Clark and 
 Clark, 1826, Svo. 4. Rep. of the Judg. rel. to Grace, 1828, 
 Svo. 5. Rep. in Eccles. Cts., 1827-32, 4 vols. Svo. 
 
 Haggerstone, George. Remarks on a Serm. 
 preached by Rev. W. Graham, Lon., 1773, Svo. 
 
 Haggerty, Francis, D.D. Serm., 1810. 
 
 Haggett, John. See HAGGITT. 
 
 Haggitt, Francis, D.D. Serm., Ac., 1810, '13. 
 
 Haggitt, George. 1. The Sacrament, Lon., 1793, 
 Svo. 2. Serms., 1796, '97, 2 vols. Svo; 1825, Svo. 
 
 " Plain and practical sermons ; written in simple and unorna- 
 mented language." 
 
 Haggitt, John. 1. Serm., Lon., 1800, Svo. 2. Two 
 Letts, on Gothic Architecture, Camb., 1813, r. Svo. 
 
 Haghe, Louis, b. in Belgium, 1822, for many years 
 a resident of England. Sketches in Belgium and Ger 
 many, 3 series, 1840, '45, '50, all imp. fol. 
 
 "This work is an honour to the Artist and a credit to the 
 country, as containing first-rate specimens of artistic skill." Lon. 
 
 Mr. H. has pub. several other works, "illustrating with 
 masterly fidelity the archaeological treasures of his native 
 country." See Men of the Time, Lon., 1856. 
 
 Hagthorpe, John. Divine Meditations and Elegies, 
 Lon., 1622, am. Svo. 2. Visionea Rerum, 1623, sm. Svo. 
 
 753 
 
HAG 
 
 3. England's Exchequer ; or, A Discourse of the Sea and j 
 Navigation, 1625, 4to. Respecting the three preceding I 
 works, see Brydges's Brit. Bibliog., i. 236-240; Bibl. 
 Anglo-Poet, 925, 926. A vol. entitled Hagthorpe Re 
 vived, printed entirely on India paper, was struck off at 
 the Lee Priory Press, by Sir S. E. Brydges, for the mem 
 bers of the Roxburghe Club, 1817, 4to. 
 
 Hague, Thomas. Political tracts, 1808, '09, '10. 
 Hague, William, D.D., a native of New York, a 
 Baptist minister, now (1856) settled at Albany, N. York. 
 1. The Baptist Church transplanted from the Old World 
 to the New, N. York, 1846, 12mo. 2. Guide to Conversa 
 tion on the Gospel of John, Boston. 3. Review of Drs. 
 Fuller and Wayland on Slavery, 18mo. Answered by the | 
 Rev. Thos. Meredith, Raleigh, N. C. 4. Christianity and 
 Statesmanship, N. York, 1855, 12mo. 5. Home Life : 12 
 Lects. on the Duties and Relations of the Family Circle. 
 See Memoirs of Margaret Fuller Ossoli, i. 184. 
 
 Ilahn, James, and Placido and Justo Gener. 
 The Steam Engine for Practical Men, Lon., 1854, 8vo. 
 
 "A very useful guide to the Practical Engineer." Lon. Civil 
 Engineer and Architect's Journal. 
 
 Haig, Charles. Corp. Act of Ireland, Dubl., 1841, 
 12mo. See 1 Legal Reporter, 175. 
 
 Haig, James. Topog. and Hist. Account of Kelso 
 and Roxburgh, &c., Edin., 1825, 8vo. 
 
 Haig, James. The Separation of Law and Equity, 
 Ac., Lon., 1841, 12mo. See 5 Jurist, 1026. 
 Haigh, J. Day Schools, 1816, 18mo. 
 Haigh, James. 1. The Dyer's Assist., Leeds, 1778, 
 12mo. 2. Hint to Dyers, <fec., Lon., 1779, 8vo. 
 
 Haigh, Samuel. Sketches of Buenos Ayres, Chili, 
 and Peru, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 "We recommend the book as an unpretending production, 
 abounding in fair and impartial observations, in interesting facts, 
 in description of manners faithful, while they are picturesque." 
 Lon. AthenoEum. 
 
 Haigh, Thomas. 1. Conjuga Latina, Lon!, 1808, 
 12mo. 2. Diurnal Readings, 1814, 12mo. 
 
 Haight, Rev. Benjamin, Rector of All-Saints' 
 Church, N. York. Address before the Philolexian Soc. of 
 Columbia Coll., May 17, 1840, N. York, 1840, 8vo, pp. 31. 
 Haight, Mrs. Sarah Rogers, formerly Miss Ro 
 gers, wife of Mr. Richard K. Haight, of New York, has 
 embodied the results of many years' foreign travel in two 
 popular vols., entitled Letters from the Old World, N. 
 York, 1840, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 "These are delightful volumes of familiar epistles from Egypt, 
 Syria, Palestine, Asia Minor, Turkey, and Greece; and the impres 
 sions they give us of those intensely-interesting regions are so 
 vivid and lifelike, that we have more than once in reading them 
 imagined ourselves with the gifted lady-author in ' the land of the 
 east the clime of the sun.' " 
 
 Haighton, John, M.D. Profess, con. to Med. Com., 
 1789 ; to Memoirs Med., 1789, '92; to Phil. Trans., 1795, '97. 
 Hailes, Lord. See DALRYMPLE, DAVID. 
 Hailes, C. Reward of the Mercifull, Lon., 1595, 16mo. 
 Hailes, Wm. Serm., 1722, 8vo. 
 Hails, W. A. 1. Invention of the Life-Boat, 1806, 
 8vo. 2. Nugae Poeticse, 1806. 
 
 Hails, W. H. 1. Deity of the Messiah. 2. Socinian- 
 ism Unscriptural, 1813. 
 
 Hailstone, John. 1. Lects. on Mineralogy, 1791, 
 8vo. 2. Geology of Cambridgeshire, Geol. Trans., 1816. 
 Hainam, Hanam, or Hannam, Richard. 1. His 
 Life, Lon., 1656, 4to. 2. His Last Farewell to the World, 
 1656, 12mo. 3. His Speech and Confession, 1656, 4to. 
 Hainam was a famous thief, and died under the gallows. 
 There was pub. a work entitled The English Villain, or 
 The Grand Thief; being a full Relation of the desperate 
 life and death of Richard Hainam, Lon., pp. 14. 
 
 Haines, Charles G., d. 1825, aged 32, a native of 
 Canterbury, New Hampshire, practised law in New York. 
 Among his writings are 1. Considerations on the Erie 
 Canal, 1818. 2. Memoir of T. A. Emmet, 1829. 
 
 Haines, Richard, pub. several treatises on Trade, 
 Work-Houses, Alins-Houses, &c., Lon., 1670-84. See 
 Watt's Bibl. Brit 
 
 ^ aiW v? rd l John * The Stron S Helper; teaching in 
 all Troubles how to cast our Burden upon God, Lon., 
 1614, 8vo. 
 
 Hake, Edward, pub. some theolog., historical, and 
 other treatises, Lon., 1574-1604. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.- 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 Hakewill, George, D.D., 1579-1649, a native of 
 Exeter, educated at St. Alban's Hall, Oxf., became Arch 
 deacon of Surrey, 1616. He pub. several theolog. treatises 
 and serms., 1608-41, and the following work, by which he 
 is best known : An Apologie or Declaration of the Power 
 
 HAK 
 
 and Providence of God in the Government of the World, 
 Oxf., 1627, '30, '35, fol. 
 
 " There have been many great inquests," remarks Joshua Syl 
 vester, 
 
 " To find the cause why bodies still grow less, 
 
 And daily nearer to the pigmies' size." 
 
 Hakewill, however, contends that the earth does not 
 decay as it grows old, and that nature is not debilitated 
 with age. He has treated his subject with much ability, 
 and his work has been highly commended by Abp. Usher, 
 Dr. Warton, Dugald Stewart, and others. 
 
 " Those who think the World is degenerated would do well to 
 read it." Dr. J. Warton to Alex. Pope. 
 
 " The production of an uncommonly liberal and enlightened 
 mind, well stored with various and choice learning, collected both 
 from ancient and modern authors." DUGALD STEWART. 
 
 " A work admirably interesting, as well by its piety as its learn 
 ing." TODD. 
 
 " Some of the good old archdeacon's topics may excite a smile in 
 these times." SOUTHEY. 
 
 " A celebrated work, highly commended. The style of Johnson 
 was much formed upon that of Hooker, Bacon, Sanderson, Hake- 
 will, and others, ' Those Giants,'as a great personage calls them." 
 " The learning shown in this treatise is very extensive ; but Hake- 
 will has no taste, and cannot perceive any real superiority in the 
 ancients." Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 See Athen. Oxon.; Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy; 
 Lloyd's Memoirs ; Usher's Life and Letters. 
 
 Hakewill, James, architect. 1. Coelebs ; a Novel, 
 1812, sm. 8vo. 2. Hist, of Windsor, Ac., Lon., 1813, imp. 
 4to, and 1. paper. 3. Picturesque Tour of Italy, 1816-17, 
 63 engravings from drawings, by J. M. W. Turner, 1820, 
 4to, and 1. paper, fol. 
 
 " One of the most beautiful and really instructive works of its 
 kind in this country." DibdMs Lib. Comp. 
 
 This should accompany Eustace's Tour, and Addison 
 and Forsyth's Travels. 
 
 4. Tour in Jamaica, 1820-21, r. 4to, and 1. paper, 1S25. 
 5. Elizabethan Architecture, 1847, 8vo. 
 
 Hakewill, Wm., M.P., an eminent lawyer, educated 
 at Exeter Coll., Oxf., elder brother of George, pub. several 
 political and other treatises, of which the following are the 
 best-known: 1. Liberty of the Subject, Lon., 1641, 4to. 
 2. Modus tenedi Parliamentum, 1641, '71, 8vo; 1659, 12mo. 
 " He was a grave and judicious counsellor, had sate in divers 
 parliaments, and out of his great and long conversation with an 
 tiquity did extract several remarkable observations concerning the 
 liberty of the subject, and manner of holding of parliaments." 
 See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Hakluyt, Richard, 1553 P-1616, Preb. of Bristol and 
 of Westminster, and Rector of Wetheringset, Suffolk, was 
 a native of London or its vicinity, and educated at Christ 
 Church, Oxford. He took great interest in the voyages 
 made by his countrymen and others; and it is to his in 
 dustry and enterprise that we are indebted for the preser 
 vation of accounts which would otherwise, in all proba 
 bility, have been entirely lost to the world. 1. Diuers 
 Voyages touching the Discouerie of America and the 
 Islands adjacent unto the same, fec., Lon., 1582, 4to. 
 2. Foure Voyages unto Florida, <fec., by Capt. Loudonniere 
 and others. Trans, from the French, by R. Hakluyt, 1587, 
 4to. The year preceding he had this work pub. at Paris, 
 in French. He also had pub. at Paris, in 1587, an im 
 proved ed. of Peter Martyr's work, De Orbe Novo, Svo; 
 and at his suggestion this work was afterwards trans, into 
 English, by M. Lok, and pub. under the title of The His 
 toric of the West Indies. It is repub. in the Supp. Vol. to 
 the reprint of Hakluyt's Voyages, 1809-12, 5 vols. 4to. 
 See Lon. Retrosp. Rev., xi. 100-123 : 1825. 3. The Prin 
 cipal Nauigations, Voyages, Traffiques, and Discoueries of 
 the English Nation, made by sea or over land, to the most 
 remote and farthest distant quarters of the Earth, at any 
 time within the compasse of these 1500 years, 1589, fol. 
 This is the first ed. of the celebrated collection to which 
 Hakluyt principally owes his fame. It is exceedingly 
 rare; and Jadis's copy, (see his cat, 339,) with a map re 
 ferred to in the preface, (see next sentence,) and an account 
 of Sir F. Drake's Voyage, 6 leaves, inserted between pp. 
 643-644, sold for 26 5s. 
 
 " But the best map of the sixteenth century is one of uncommon 
 rarity, which is found in a very few copies of the first edition of 
 Hakluyt's Voyages. This contains Davis's Straits, (Fretum Davis,) 
 Virginia by name, and the lake Ontario. ... It represents the ut 
 most limit of geographical knowledge at the close of the sixteenth 
 century, and far excels the maps in the edition of Ortelius at Ant 
 werp in 1588." Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, q. v. 
 
 An enlarged ed., comprehending 1600 years, appeared 
 1598-99-1600, in 3 vols. fol., bound in 2. In some of the 
 copies, the Voyage to Cadiz, forming pp. 607-619 of the 
 1st vol., is wanting, or supplied by a reprint. It was sup 
 pressed by the order of Q. Elizabeth, after the disgrace of 
 the Earl of Essex. The scarcity of these vols. induced 
 1 Mr. Evans to publish a new ed., edited by Mr. G. Woodfall, 
 
HAK 
 
 HAK 
 
 1809-12, 5 vols. r. 4to, 15 15. 250 copies printed; large 
 paper, imp. 4to, 31 10s. 75 copies printed. This ed. 
 contains an accurate reprint of the best folio ed., with the 
 addition of those voyages which were pub. in the 1st ed. 
 and omitted in the 2d. The above reprinted matters are 
 included in vols. i., ii., and iii., and part of vol. iv., of the 
 new ed. The latter part of vol. iv., and the whole of vol. 
 v., are taken up with voyages printed by Hakluyt, or at 
 his suggestion, subsequent to the publication of his Collec 
 tion, and a tract from a MS. entitled The Omission of Cales 
 Voyage stated and discussed by the Earl of Essex, and a 
 MS. of Brocquiere. This Supp. was also pub. in a sepa 
 rate vol., 1812, 4to. The contents are as follows reprints : 
 
 1. Galvano's Discoveries of the World, 1601. 
 
 2. Davis. The World's Hydrographical Description, 1595. 
 
 3. Brocquiere, Voyage d'Outremer. From a MS. 
 
 4. Eden, Navigation and Voyages of Lewis Vertomanus. 
 
 5. A Voyage made by certain ships of Holland to the 
 
 East Indies, 1598. 
 
 6. The prosperous and speedy voyage to Java, performed 
 
 by 8 ships of Amsterdam, in 1598-99, (1600.) 
 
 7. Newes from the East Indies : or, a Voyage to Bengalla, 
 
 1638. 
 
 8. The Fardle of Facions, 1555. 
 
 9. The Conquest of the grand Canaries, 1599. 
 
 10. The History of the West Indies. A trans, of P. Mar 
 
 tyr's Decades. 
 
 11. Virginia richly valued, by the description of the maine 
 
 land of Florida, 1609. 
 
 12. A Discovery of the Bermudas, set forth by Silvanus 
 
 Jourdan, 1610. 
 
 13. A true copy of a discourse on the late voyage to Spain, 
 
 1589. 
 
 14. The omissions of Cales Voyage stated by the Earl of 
 
 Essex. From a MS. 
 
 In the original edits, of Hakluyt's Collection see No. 3 
 which are contained in vols. i., ii., iii., and part of vol. 
 iv., of the reprint of 1809-12, will be found narratives of 
 nearly 220 voyages, with many relative documents, con 
 sisting of patents, letters, instructions, &c. The first part 
 of the Collection consists of Voyages to the North and the 
 Northeast; the true state of Ireland; the defeat of the 
 Spanish Armada; the expedition under the Earl of Essex 
 to Cadiz, fec. The second part entertains us with voyages 
 to the South and Southeast; and in the third portion our 
 curiosity is gratified and our mind enriched by the account 
 of expeditions to North America, the West Indies, and 
 round the world. Of this invaluable storehouse of enter 
 taining, amusing, and instructive matter, and of its col 
 lector, we shall have more to say presently. 4. Two Re 
 membrances of things to be undiscovered in Turkey, 
 touching our Cloathing and Dying, 1592. 5. A Trans, 
 from the Portugese of Antonio Gulvare's Hist, of the Dis 
 coveries of the World, from the first Original to A.D. 1555, 
 1601, 4to. 6. A Trans, from the Portugese of Virginia, 
 richly valued, &c., 1609, 4to. Reprinted in Supp. to new 
 ed. of Hakluyt's Voyages, 1809-12, 5 vols. 4to. 7. Hist, 
 of the Travailes, Discouery, and Conquest of Terra Florida, 
 by Don Ferdinando de Soto, 1611, 4to. 8. Hakluyt's MSS. 
 Remains, which would have formed another vol., fell into 
 the bands of Samuel Purchas, and were dispersed by him 
 throughout his Pilgrimes, (Hakluyt Posthumus,) 5 vols. 
 fol., 1625-26. For further particulars respecting Hakluyt 
 and his publications, see Biog. Brit.; Oldys's Librarian; 
 Athen. Oxon. ; Locke's Explan. Cat. of Voyages prefixed 
 to Churchill's Collection of Voyages ; Clarke's Progress 
 of Maritime Discovery; Dibdin's Lib. Comp. ; Lowndes's 
 Bibl. Man. 
 
 As few very few bibliographers can ever hope to exult 
 in the possession of a set of the Voyages of De Bry, it is 
 no small consolation to be able to secure, at a trifling ex 
 pense, the five goodly quartos, 1809-12, which compose 
 the Hakluyt Collection. 
 
 " But what a bibliographical cord am I striking," says that 
 amiable enthusiast, Dr. Dibdin, "in the mention of the Travels of 
 De Bry ! What a ' Peregrination? does the possession of a copy of 
 his labours imply ! What toil, difficulty, perplexity, anxiety, and 
 vexation attend the collector be he young or old who sets his 
 heart upon a PERFECT DE BRY ! How many have started forward 
 in this pursuit with gay spirits and well-replenished purses, but 
 have turned from it in despair, and abandoned it in utter hope 
 lessness of achievement!" Library Companion. 
 
 But what a tempting, yet what a hydra-headed, theme, 
 have we almost unconsciously approached ! But we cannot 
 linger even over a dish so epicurean and highly flavoured. 
 Let the veritable bibliographer, who longs for a rich repast, 
 refer to the Bibliotheca Grenvilliana, 184-194. The grand 
 series of vols. there described now reposes in the British 
 
 Museum, and, with the addition of those which were already 
 in the library, may claim to be one of the principal orna 
 ments of that noble institution. But we are happy to add 
 that the most complete set of DE BRY in existence is in 
 the possession of an American gentleman, Mr. Jamea 
 Lenox, of New York, collected by the anxious toil of many 
 of his agents in various parts of the world, and at an ex 
 pense, it is asserted, of not less than 4000. 
 
 But to return to Hakluyt : it is amusing to observe the 
 diffidence with which old Anthony a Wood ventures a 
 timid vaticination respecting the future status of the wild 
 country to which so many adventurers recorded by Hak 
 luyt's industry steered their barques : 
 
 " Which work," says Anthony, referring to Hakluyt's Collec 
 tion, " being by him performed with great care and industry, 
 cannot but be an honour to the realm of England, because pos 
 sibly many ports and islands in America, that are bare and bar 
 ren, and only bear a name for the present, may prove rich places 
 in future time." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Could Anthony now open his eyes upon the twenty-five 
 millions of people in the United States, doubtless he would 
 claim no small credit for his discernment. The author 
 of the Explanatory Catalogue of Voyages prefixed to 
 Churchill's Collection of Voyages, said to be the cele 
 brated John Locke, characterizes Hakluyt's Collection as 
 
 " Valuable for the good there to be picked out : but it might 
 be wished that the author had been less voluminous, delivering 
 what was really authentic and useful, and not stuffing his work 
 with so many stories taken upon trust, so many trading voyages 
 that have nothing new in them, so many warlike exploits not at 
 all pertinent to his undertaking, and such a multitude of articles, 
 charters, privileges, letters, relations, and other things little to the 
 purpose of travels and discoveries." 
 
 But we think that this criticism is open to severe anim 
 adversion. Every item excepted against is a valuable 
 portion of the great whole. 
 
 An eminent authority thus compares the respective 
 merits of Hakluyt and Purchas as compilers of voyages : 
 
 " We have in our own language as good and as bad collections 
 as ever were made; one instance of each may suffice. Mr. Hak 
 luyt was an able, ingenious, diligent, accurate, and useful com 
 piler; and his collections are as valuable as anything in their 
 kind ; on the other hand, Purchas his Pilgrims are very volumin 
 ous, and for the most part a very trifling and insigriificant collec 
 tion : his manner, for I cannot call it method, is irregular and 
 confused; his judgment weak and pedantic; his remarks often 
 silly, and always little to the purpose. This shows how much 
 depends upon the care and skill of the collector ; who on the one 
 hand is to provide what may entertain and please, and on the 
 other is to be careful that knowledge and instruction be conveyed 
 with pleasure and amusement." Dr. John Harris's Oollec. of 
 Voyages, Introduc. See PURCHAS, SAMUEL. 
 
 An abstract of Hakluyt's labours will be found in 
 Oldys's Brit. Lib., 136-158. The compiler declares that 
 " this elaborate and excellent collection" 
 
 " Redounds as much to the Glory of the English Nation, as any 
 Book that ever was published in it." 
 
 " Every reader conversant in the annals of our naval transac 
 tions will cheerfully acknowledge the merit of Richard Hakluyt, 
 who devoted his studies to the investigation of those periods of 
 English History which regard the improvement of navigation and 
 commerce. . . . Thus animated and encouraged, [by Sir Francis 
 Walsingham and Sir Philip Sidney.] he was enabled to leave to 
 posterity the fruits of his unwearied labours an invaluable trea 
 sure of nautical information preserved in volumes which even at 
 this day affix to his name a brilliancy of reputation which a series 
 of ages can never efface or obscure." Zouch's Life of Sir Philip 
 Sidney. 
 
 " Works like these [Hakluyt and Purchas] are very curious 
 monuments of the nature of human enterprises, human testimony 
 and credulity of the nature of the human mind and of human 
 affairs. Much more is, indeed, offered to a refined and philosophic 
 observer, though buried amid this unwieldy and unsightly mass, 
 than was ever supposed by its original readers, or even its first 
 compilers." Prof. Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist. 
 
 " Richard Hakluyt, the enlightened friend and able document 
 ary historian of these commercial enterprises, [Voyages to New 
 England,] a man whose fame should be vindicated and asserted in 
 ihe land which he helped to colonize." Bancroft's History of the 
 United States, 15th ed., i. 113 : 1854. 
 
 The collector must place on the same shelf with his 
 Hakluyt's Collection the publications of the Society 
 which bears the honoured name of the enthusiastic and 
 laborious compiler. The Hakluyt Society was established 
 in 1846, and its publications to 1854 are as follows : 
 
 Hakluyt Society's Publications: 
 
 1. Observations of Sir R. Hawkins in the South Sea, 
 1593, edited by C. R, D. Bethune ; 1847. 
 
 2. Select Letters of Columbus, translated by R. H. Major; 
 1847. 
 
 3. Discovery of Guiana, <fec. in 1595, by Sir W. Raleigh, 
 edited by Sir R. H. Schomburgh; 1848. 
 
 4. Sir F. Drake's Voyage, 1595, edited by W. D. Cooley ; 
 1849. 
 
 5. Voyages towards the N. W. in search of a Passage to 
 Cathay from 1496 to 1631, edited by T. Rundall ; 1849. 
 
HAL 
 
 HAL 
 
 6. Strachey's Historic of Travaile into Virginia Britan 
 nia, edited from an original MS. by B. H. Major; 1849. 
 
 7. Hakluyt. Divers Voyages touching the Discovery 
 of America, edited_ by J. W. Jones ; 1850. 
 
 8. Memorials of the Empire of Japan, edited by T. 
 Kundall. 
 
 9. Discovery and Conquest of Florida by Don F. de 
 Soto. Edited by W. B. Rye ; 1851. 
 
 10. Remarks in many Voyages to Hudson's Bay, edited 
 by John Barrow ; 1852. 
 
 11. Notes upon Russia, being a Translation of the 
 " Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii," by Baron Sigis- 
 mund von Herberstein, Ambassador to the Grand Prince 
 Vasiley Ivanovich, 1517-26; edited by R. H. Major, 
 2 vols.; 1851, '52. 
 
 12. Three Voyages by the North East by the Dutch in 
 1594-95 and '96. Written by Gerrit de Veer; edited by 
 C. T. Beke ; 1853. 
 
 13. Meudoza's History of the Great and Mighty King 
 dom of China,1588 ; edited by Sir G. Staunton, 2 vols.; 1853. 
 
 14. The World Encompassed, by Sir Francis Drake, 
 1577-80; 1854. 
 
 See an interesting article on the publications of the 
 Hakluyt Society in the N. Brit. Rev., xviii. 229-242. 
 
 Halbrooke, W., M.D. Profess, con. to Phil. Trans., 
 1710. 
 
 Halcomb, J. 1. Causes of Rowe v. Grenfell, Ac., 
 Lon., 1826, 8vo. 2. Passing Private Bills, 1838, 8vo. 
 
 Halcombe, John, Jr. Peace; an Ode, 1814. 
 
 Haldane, Alexander. Memoirs of the Lives of 
 Robert Haldane of Aithrey and of his brother James 
 Alexander Haldane, Lon., 1852, 8vo; 2d ed., enlarged, 
 same year. Reviewed in Lon. Quar. Rev., April, 1856. 
 
 " A book which will, in a future age, be considered as deserving 
 a chief place in the biography of the first half of the nineteenth 
 century." British Banner. 
 
 Haldane, LI. -Col. Henry. 1. Official Letters to 
 the Earl of Chatham, Lon., 1804, 8vo. 2. Articles of War, 
 1810, 8vo. 3. Con. on nat. philos. to Nic. Jour., 1797, '98, 
 1800. 
 
 Haldane, James Alexander, 1768-1851, a native 
 of Dundee, brother of Robert Haldane, entered as mid 
 shipman on board an East Indiaman, 1785; appointed 
 Captain of the Melville Castle, 1793 ; quitted the naval 
 service in 1794; became an Independent itinerant minis 
 ter, 1797 ; acted as pastor at the Tabernacle, Leith Walk, 
 Edinburgh, and laboured with great zeal and success until 
 his death. 1. Social Worship, Ac. of the First Christians, 
 Edin., 1805, 12mo. 2. Forbearance. 3. Baptism. 4. As 
 sociation of Believers. 5. Revelation, 2 vols. 8vo. 6. Self- 
 Examination, 18ino. 7. Man's Responsibility, 1842, 12mo. 
 8. Inspiration of the Scriptures, 1845, 12mo. 9. The 
 Atonement, 2d ed., 1847, fp. 8vo. 10. Expos, of the Epist. 
 to the Galatians, 1848, fp. 8vo. For an interesting account 
 of the life and labours of Mr. Haldane, see the Memoirs, 
 Ac. by Alexander Haldane, ante. 
 
 Haldane, Robert, 1764-1842, a brother of the pre 
 ceding, entered the Royal Navy, 1780, but retired in 
 1783, and became an Independent itinerant minister. He 
 laboured with great zeal for the propagation of the Gospel, 
 both at home and on the Continent. He expended 30,000 
 in the erection of houses of worship, and educated 300 
 young men under Dr. Bogue and Mr. Ewing, as preachers 
 to officiate in them and in other stations. For an account 
 of his abundant labours, see the Memoirs, Ac. of Alex 
 ander Haldane, ante. As a writer he gained considerable 
 reputation by the following works : 1. The Evidence and 
 Authority of Divine Revelation, Edin., 1816, 2 vols. 8vo; 
 3d ed., 1839, 2 vols. fp. 8vo. In French, Montauban, 
 1817, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " This is a very excellent book on the necessity, the evidences, 
 and the subject of revelation. It is distinguished from most 
 works of the kind by the excellent views of Christianity which 
 it contains, and the decided manner in which it addresses men 
 concerning the salvation of the gospel and the infinite importance 
 of attending to their eternal interests." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 2. The Verbal Inspiration of the Scriptures maintained 
 and established; the Books of the 0. and N. T. proved to 
 be Canonical, Ac., Edin., 1830, 12mo; 6th ed., 1853,12mo. 
 
 " ^ r> Haldane's T 'ews of the subject deserve serious considera- 
 
 " Distinguished for comprehensive and vigorous thinking" 
 Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 " A standard work on the momentous subject of which it treats " 
 Edin. Christian Instructor. 
 
 3. Expos, of the Epistle to the Romans, with Remarks 
 on the Commentaries of Macknight, Tholuck, and Stuart 
 Lon., 1835, 2 vols. 12mo ; 1842, 3 vols. 12mo ; 1852, 3 vols! 
 12mo. 
 
 756 
 
 " Calvin and Haldane stand alone the possessors as expositors 
 of this Epistle of nearly equal honours." See Edin. Presbyterian 
 Review, May. 1836; Jan. and Nov. 1837. 
 
 " Calvinistic and evangelical ; answering those who take opposite 
 views in these points." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 " As Mr. Haldane had commented rather severely on Dr. Tholuck, 
 the translator of the professor's Exposition, [Rev. Robt. Menzies,] 
 in 1838, published an Answer to Mr. Robert Haldane's Strictures, 
 in 8vo. Tholuck rejects the horribile decretum of Calvin, which 
 Mr. Haldane fully receives. Mr. Menzies has temperately replied 
 to his strictures." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Haldeman, Professor S.S.,b. in Lancaster county, 
 Penna., 1812, a distinguished writer on natural science, 
 philology, Ac. 1. Freshwater Univalve Mollusca of the 
 United States, Phila., 1840-44, 8vo. 
 
 " Tery well done in a scientific point of view, and perfectly exe 
 cuted in regard to the plates and typography." Revue Zool., Paris, 
 1842. 
 
 2. Zoological Contributions, Phila., 1842-43. 3. Ele 
 ments of Latin Pronunciation, Phila., 1851, 12mo. 
 
 " That philosophical talent and tact, so essential for investiga 
 tions in natural science, which he is well known eminently to 
 possess, he has here brought to bear on the elements of the Latin 
 language with peculiar success." Mercersburg Review, 1852. 
 
 " His procedure is eminently original, and is precisely the one 
 to lead to results that may be relied on." Mf.th. Quar. Rev., Oct. 
 1851. 
 
 4. Taylor's Statistics of Coal, 2d ed., 1855, 8vo. 5. Zoo- 
 
 j logical portion of Trego's Geography of Penna., 1843. 
 
 | 6. Zoological portion of Rupp's Hist, of Lancaster co., 
 
 I Penn., 1844. 7. Monographe du genre Leptoxis; in 
 
 I Chenu's Illustrations Conchyologiques, Paris, 1847. 8. 
 
 Cryptocephalinarum Boreali Americas Diagnoses cum spe- 
 
 ciebus novis; Trans. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1849. 9. On 
 
 some points of Linguistic Ethnology, with Illust. chiefly 
 
 from the aboriginal languages of America; Amer. Acad., 
 
 Bost., 1849. 10. Zoology of the Invertebrate Animals, in 
 
 the Iconographic Encyc., N. York, 1850. 11. Cons, to N. 
 
 York Lit. World, 1852-53. 12. Cons., about 80 papers, of 
 
 which a list is given in Agassiz's Bibliographia Zoologiae, 
 
 chiefly in natural sciences, in the publications of the Amer. 
 
 Sci. Assoc.; Amer. Acad., Bost.; Amer. Phil. Soc.; Acad. 
 
 Nat, Sci., Phila. ; U. .S. Agr. Soc. ; Silliman's Jour. ; Quar. 
 
 Jour, of Agr., Albany ; and Penna. Farm Jour., of which 
 
 he edited vol. i. 
 
 Hale. Sin against the Holy Ghost, 1677, 8vo. 
 Hale, Mrs. Poetical Attempts, Lon., 1800, 8vo. 
 Hale, Benjamin, D.D., b. 1797, at Newburyport, 
 Mass., grad. at Bowdoin Coll., 1818. 1. Introduc. to the 
 Mechanical Principles of Carpentry, Bost., 1827, 8vo. 
 2. Scrip. Illust. of the Liturgy of the Prot. Epis. Church, 
 1835, 12mo. 
 
 Hale, Charles, b. 1831, in Boston, Mass., a son of 
 Nathan Hale, LL.D., grad. at Harvard Coll., Cambridge, 
 1850, author of several pamphlets ; contributor to the N. 
 Amer. Rev., and the Amer. Almanac; in 1852 established 
 and edited To-Day, a Boston Literary Journal, which was 
 pub. for one year. Mr. H. is now junior editor of the 
 Boston Daily Advertiser, the oldest daily in Boston, having 
 been pub. and edited by Mr. H.'s father (the senior editor) 
 from March 1, 1814, to the present time, 1858. 
 
 Hale, David, 1791-1849, a native of Lisbon, Conn., 
 editor of the New York Journal of Commerce from its 
 commencement in 1827 until his death, was a vigorous 
 writer, and a man of great excellence of character. See 
 notices of his life and writings in the Christian Examiner, 
 xlviii. 282, by A. P. Peabody ; Liv. Age, xx. 373; N. Eng., 
 viii. 129. 
 
 Hale, Edward Everett, a son of Nathan Hale,LL.D., 
 b, 1822, in Boston, Mass., grad. at Harvard Coll., Camb., 
 1839; pastor of the Church of the Unity at Worcester, Mass., 
 till 1856, and of the South Congregational Church, Boston, 
 since that time. 1. The Rosary, Bost., 1848, 12mo, pp. 290. 
 2. Margaret Percival in America, 1850, 12mo, pp. 284. 3. 
 Sketches of Christian History, 1850, 12mo, pp. 230. 4. 
 Kansas and Nebraska, 1855, 12mo, pp. 256, and a map. 
 Editor of the Boston ed. of Lingard's Hist, of England, of tho 
 Christian Examiner, author of many pamphlets on theolog. 
 and polit. subjects, and contributor to many of the leading 
 Reviews. 
 
 Hale, Enoch, M.D., b. 1790, took the degree of 
 M.D. at Harvard University, 1813, and entered imme 
 diately upon the practice of medicine at Gardiner, Maine, 
 which he continued at that place with distinguished success 
 until the year 1816, and from that time to his death in 
 Boston, Nov. 12, 1814. He was an active member of the 
 Massachusetts Medical Society and of the American Aca 
 demy of Arts and Sciences, and during the active practice 
 of his profession he contributed to the cause of medical 
 science by several independent publications of high author- 
 
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 ity, and by frequent essays and papers in the medical 
 journals. 
 
 Hale, Horatio, a son of Mrs. Sarah J. Hale, gradu 
 ated at Harvard College in 1837, where he was so highly 
 distinguished for his aptitude in the acquisition of lan 
 guages, that whilst still an undergraduate he was selected 
 to fill the post of philologist to the United States Exploring 
 Expedition commanded by Captain Wilkes. The result 
 of his learned investigations will be found in vol. vii. 
 Ethnography and Philology of the series of works which 
 compose the history of that noble enterprise. Mr. Halo's 
 intelligent labours have elicited warm commendation from 
 highly respectable authorities, both at home and abroad. 
 The distinguished English philologist, Dr. Latham, in his 
 recent work on the Natural History and Varieties of Man, 
 remarks that Mr. Hale's work contains "the greatest mass 
 of philological data ever accumulated by a single inquirer." 
 The following lines give perhaps as good an account of this 
 great work as could be conveyed in a brief description : 
 
 " The first 225 pages are devoted to Ethnography, or an account 
 of the customs, religion, civil polity, and origin of the nations of 
 the several countries and islands visited by the Expedition. The 
 remaining 440 pages comprise the Philology of the same regions. 
 The various dialects of Polynesia are treated of under the general 
 head of a comparative grammar of Polynesia, followed by a Poly 
 nesian lexicon. The languages of the Fejee Islands, the Kings- 
 mills, Rotuma, Australia, and northwest coast of America, and 
 some dialects of Patagonia and Southern Africa, come next under 
 consideration. We feel assured that a glance at the work will ex 
 cite surprise in all at the amount of information collected, and 
 pleasure at the system and perspicuity with which the whole is 
 presented.'' Amer. Jour, of Science. 
 
 An interesting account of Mr. Hale and his work will be 
 found in the North American Review for July, 1846, to 
 which we must refer our reader. It is no slight praise to 
 award an author that he has 
 
 "Succeeded in giving a certain classical completeness to his 
 work, which makes it a model for future labourers in the same or 
 in similar fields of research. The style of this volume is marked 
 by rare excellences, and those of the highest order. It is terse, 
 
 compact, and business-like, to a remarkable degree It is a 
 
 transparent medium of expression for a richly-informed, clear- 
 thinking, straight forward mind; it presents the meaning of the 
 writer strongly and directly to the mind of the reader, instructing 
 while it gratifies." N. Amer. Rev. : ubi supra. 
 
 After the completion of this work Mr. Hale visited Eu 
 rope and other portions of the Eastern Continent, and on 
 his return was admitted to the bar. He is now engaged 
 in the duties of his profession, but occasionally steals an 
 hour from his briefs to contribute a prize essay on his 
 favourite theme to some periodical in this country or in 
 Great Britain. 
 
 Hale, John. Surgical Case, Lon., 1787, 8vo. 
 
 Hale, Sir Matthew, 1609-1676, one of the most 
 eminent of lawyers and excellent of men, was a native of 
 Alderley, Gloucestershire, entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 
 1626, and admitted of Lincoln's Inn, 1629. He refused to 
 take any part in the political troubles of his time, though 
 strongly opposed to the murder of Charles I. In 1652 he 
 was one of those appointed to effect a reformation of the 
 law, and in the next year was by writ made sergeant-at-law, 
 and one of the judges of the Common Bench. Upon the 
 Restoration, Charles II., in 1660, made him Chief-Baron 
 of the Exchequer, and in 1671 he was promoted to the 
 high dignity of Lord Chief-Justice of England. For the 
 particulars respecting his life, and legal, theological, and 
 scientific publications, we refer to authorities cited below, 
 and also to a recent publication Memoirs of the Life, 
 Character, and Writings of Sir M. Hale, by J. B. Williams. 
 Lon., 1835, 12mo. 
 
 " A volume which clearly and agreeably presents the legal rise 
 and progress of a great lawyer and worthy man. The book should 
 of necessity occupy a place in the library-shelf devoted to British 
 worthies." Lon. and Westminister Rev. 
 
 A collective ed. of his Moral and Religious Works, now 
 first Collected and Revised, edited by the Rev. T. Thirl- 
 wall, with the Life by Bishop Burnet, and an Appendix, 
 etc., Lon., 1805, 2 vols. 8vo. A new ed. has been pub. 
 Among his best-known miscellaneous works are his Con 
 templations, The Primitive Origination of Mankind, The 
 Knowledge of Christ Crucified, (new ed., by the Rev. 
 David Young, Glasg., 1828, 12mo,) and his Letters to his 
 Children. Several of his minor works have been sepa 
 rately republished within the last few years. Of his law 
 treatises one only of which, London Liberty, was pub. in 
 his lifetime the following are the principal. 1. Jurisdic 
 tion of Parliaments, Lon., 1707, 8vo. 2. The Jurisdiction 
 of the Lords' House of Parliament, by F. Hargrave, 1796, 
 4to. 3. Pleas of the Crown, 7th ed., 1773, 8vo. An in 
 correct summary, and not intended by the author for the 
 press, but as a sketch or plan of the following work. 4. 
 
 Historia Placitorum Coronae ; the Hist, of the Pleas of the 
 Crown : first pub., from the author's MS., by S. Emlyn, 
 1736-39, 2 vols. fol.j 2d ed., by G. Wilson, 1778, 2 vols. 
 8vo; 3d ed., by Thos. Dogherty, 1800, 2 vols. 8vo; 1st 
 Amer. ed., by W. A. Stokes and E. Ingersoll, Phila., 1847, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 <; The following Treatise, being the genuine offspring of that 
 truly learned and worthy Judge, Sir Matthew Hale, stands in 
 need of no other recommendation than what that great and good 
 name will always carry along with it. Whoever is in the least 
 acquainted with the extensive learning, the solid judgment, the 
 indefatigable labours, and, above all, the unshaken integrity, of 
 the author, cannot but highly esteem whatever comes from so 
 valuable a hand." From Emlyn's Preface. 
 
 To the Pleas of the Crown should be added And. Anos's 
 Ruins of Time exemplified in Sir M. Hale's Hist, of the 
 Pleas of the Crown, 1856, 8vo. 
 
 5. The Hist, of the Common Law of England, and an 
 Analysis of the Civil Part of the Law ; 6th ed., with a 
 Life of the Author, by Chas. Runnington, 1820, 8vo. 
 Serjeant Runnington's notes are of great value. 
 
 "So authoritative an History of the Common Law of England, 
 written by so learned an author, requires neither preface nor com 
 mendation. It has ever been justly held in the highest estima 
 tion, and, like the virtues of its author, been universally admired 
 and venerated. Here the student will find a valuable guide, the 
 barrister a learned assistant, the court an indisputable authority." 
 SERJEANT RUNNINGTON. 
 
 6. Sheriffs' Accounts, The Trial of Witches, and Provi 
 sion for the Poor. These three tracts were separately 
 pub. See Biog. Brit. ; Granger's Biog. Hist. ; Life by 
 Burnet; Life by Runnington ; Watt's Bibl. Brit; Life and 
 Letters of Judge Story ; Lowndes's Leg. Bibl., and the 
 authorities there cited. 
 
 There are few more illustrious names on the roll of 
 British history than that of Sir Matthew Hale : 
 
 " Sir Samuel Sheperd mentioned him as the most learned man 
 that ever adorned the bench ; the most even man that ever blessed 
 domestic life; the most eminent man that ever adorned the pro 
 gress of science; and also one of the best and most purely reli 
 gious men that ever lived. . . . Lord Northington pronounced 
 him one of the ablest and most learned judges that ever adorned 
 the profession. Mr. Justice Grose declared he was one of the most 
 able lawyers that ever sat in Westminster; as correct, as learned, 
 and as humane a judge as ever graced the bench of justice. Lord 
 Kenyon said that the operations of his vast mind always called 
 for the greatest attention to any work that bears his name ; r . . . 
 and mentioned him as one of the greatest and best men that ever 
 sat in judgment." 
 
 " With respect to Lord Hale, it is needless to remind those whom 
 I am now addressing, of the general character for learning and 
 legal knowledge, of that person, of whom it was said, that what was 
 not known by him was not known by any other person who pre 
 ceded or followed him; and that what he knew, he knew better 
 than any other person who preceded or followed him." CHIEF- 
 JUSTICE DALLAS. 
 
 "A luminous order in the distribution of subjects, an uncom- 
 monness of materials for curious records and manuscripts, a pro 
 foundness of remark, a command of perspicuous and forcible 
 language, with a guarded reserve in offering opinions on great 
 controverted points of law and the constitution, characterized the 
 writings of Judge Hale." Hargrave s Tracts, Pref. 
 
 Having offered the opinions of so many legal luminaries 
 in evidence, we may now be permitted to adduce the testi 
 mony of two distinguished divines : 
 
 " His writings have raised him a character equal to his greatest 
 predecessors, and will always be esteemed as containing the best 
 rationale of the grounds of the law of England. Nor was he an 
 inconsiderable master of polite, philosophical, and especially theo 
 logical, learning." DR. BIRCH : Life of Archbishop Tillotson. 
 
 " He was most precisely just ; insomuch that I believe he would 
 have lost all he had in the world rather than do an unjust act: 
 patient in hearing the most tedious speech which any man had to 
 make for himself; the pillar of justice, the refuge of the subject 
 who feared oppression, and one of the greatest honours of his 
 majesty's government; for, with some other upright judges, he 
 upheld the honour of the English nation, that it fell not into the 
 reproach of arbitrariness, cruelty, and utter confusion. Every 
 man that had a just cause was almost past fear if he could but 
 bring it to the court or assize where he was judge; for the other 
 judges seldom contradicted him. ... I, who heard and read his 
 serious expressions of the concernments of eternity, and saw his 
 love to all good men, and the blamelessness of his life, thought 
 better of his piety than my own." RICHARD BAXTER. 
 
 This is indeed a noble tribute from a noble source. 
 The glowing eulogium of Cowper must not be entirely 
 unnoticed : 
 
 " In whom 
 
 Our British Themis gloried with just cause, 
 Immortal Hale! for deep discernment praised, 
 And sound integrity, not more than famed 
 For sanctity of manners undefiled." 
 
 TliA Task, book iii. 
 
 And here we might enlarge, did our space permit, upon 
 the distinguishing traits of the piety of this truly excel 
 lent man : his reverence for the Word of God; his strict 
 observance of the day more especially set apart for the 
 public worship of the Supreme Being ; his conscientious- 
 
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 ness in carrying out in every-day affairs the spirit of those 
 Resolves, which he adopted as the Law of his Life ; but 
 the secret spring of his piety is best told by himself in a 
 few words of solid wisdom and certain truth, which we 
 cannot too earnestly commend to the heart and conscience 
 of the thoughtful reader : 
 
 " Any man that sincerely and truly fears Almighty God, and 
 calls and relies upon him for his direction, has it as really as a son 
 has the counsel and direction of his father; and though the voice 
 be not audible nor discernible by sense, yet it is equally as real as 
 if a man heard a voice saying, ' This is the way, walk ye in it.' " 
 
 Hale, Nathan, LL.D., b. 1784, at Westhampton, 
 Mass., grad. at Williams College, 1804 ; admitted to the 
 Massachusetts Bar, 1810 ; editor of the Boston Weekly 
 Messenger, 1811-14; editor and publisher of the Boston 
 Daily Advertiser, (the first daily established in Boston,) 
 1814 to the present time, 1858 ; editor and publisher of 
 the Monthly Chronicle, 1840-42. Mr. H.'s name is well 
 known in connexion with his Map of New England, a 
 standard geographical authority, first pub. in 1825, and 
 reprinted from time to time with the necessary revisions. 
 In 1816 Mr. Hale was married to Sarah Preston Everett, 
 a daughter of Judge Oliver Everett, of Dorchester, Mass., 
 and sister of Edward Everett, the distinguished American 
 orator, scholar, and statesman. Mr. Hale was a contri 
 butor to many of the early numbers of the North Ame 
 rican Review, and has for the last forty-two years contri 
 buted many valuable articles to the Boston Daily Advertiser 
 on questions of politics, political economy, and internal 
 improvements, <fec. Nathan Hale was among the first to 
 make known in this country the importance of the great 
 railroad-improvement, and earnestly urged its immediate 
 introduction into Massachusetts by effective legislative aid. 
 He was the acting President of the Massachusetts Board 
 of Internal Improvement, under whose superintendence the 
 first surveys were made for a system of railroads for the 
 State; and he was the first President of the Boston and 
 Worcester Railroad, one of the pioneer works of that kind, 
 in which office he took an active part in the original con 
 struction and extended improvements of that work and its 
 branches, and in digesting its system of operations. As a 
 member (repeatedly elected) of both branches of the Legis 
 lature of Massachusetts, Mr. Hale has rendered important 
 service to his constituents. He was also chairman of the 
 Board of Commissioners by whose labours the people of 
 Boston are supplied with pure water; and few men have 
 contributed more largely to the physical wealth of Massa 
 chusetts, and tcrthe improvement of the city which claims 
 him as one of the most valuable of her adopted sons. 
 
 Hale, Nathan, Jr., son of the above, b. in Boston, 
 1818, grad. at Harvard University, 1838; admitted to 
 practice in the courts of Mass., 1841; editor of Boston 
 Miscellany of Literature, 1842 ; co-editor of Boston Daily 
 Advertiser, 1842-53. 
 
 Hale, Philip, of Hatcham, Surrey. Serm., Lon., 
 1847, 8vo. 
 
 Hale, Richard, M.D. Profess, con. to Phil. Trans., 
 1701, '20. 
 
 Hale, Salma, Member of Congress for New Hamp 
 shire. 1. Hist, of the United States, Lon., 1826, 8vo. See 
 Lon. Month. Rev., cix. 123. 2. Annals of the Town of 
 Keene, N. H., 1736-90, Concord, 1826, 8vo. New ed., 
 with a continuation to 1815, Keene, 1851, 8vo. 3. Hist, 
 of the U. States for Schools, N. York, 1840, 2 vols. 24mo. 
 
 " As Car as we have observed, Mr. Hale has executed his task 
 with fidelity and skill. The materials appear to be drawn from 
 authentic sources, and the simple and lucid style places the book 
 within the comprehension of all classes of readers. But the 
 principle of arrangement is a faulty one; for the history of each 
 colony stands by itself, being carried on without interruption from 
 its origin to the war of 1756." N. Amer. Her., liii. 249. 
 
 Hale, Mrs. Sarah Josepha, formerly Miss Buell, 
 ot Newport, New Hampshire, is the widow of David Hale, 
 T Vooo g sbed lawver > who died at an early age in 1822. 
 18JS Mrs. Hale became the editor of The Ladies' Maga 
 zine, pub at Boston, and discharged the duties of this 
 responsible position until 1837, when this periodical was 
 united with the Lady's Book of Philadelphia. With this 
 well-known and truly popular magazine Mrs. Hale has 
 ever since been connected, and since 1838 she has been a 
 resident of Phila. The following list of this lady's pro 
 ductions evinces an extraordinary amount of literary 
 industry : 1. The Genius of Oblivion, and other Original 
 Poems, Concord, 1823. 2. North wood; a Novel lost 
 1827, 2 vols. Repub. in London ; also in N. York in 1852* 
 12mo. 3. Sketches of American Character, Phila, 18mo' 
 4. Traits of American Life, 1835, 2 vols. 12mo. 5. Flora's 
 Interpreter, Bost. Reprinted in London. 6. The Ladies' 
 Wreath, Bost, 12mo. 7. The Way to Live Well and to be 
 
 j Well while we Live. 8. Grosvenor; a Tragedy, 1S38. 
 j 9. Alice Ray; a Romance in Rhyme, 1846. 10. Harry 
 Guy, the Widow's Son ; in verse, Bost, 1848. 11. Three 
 Hours; or, The Vigil of Love, and other Poems, Phila., 
 1848. 12. The Poet's Offering; edited by Mrs. Hale, 
 Phila. 13. Miss Acton's Cookery; edited by Mrs. Hale. 
 14. Ladies' New Book of Cookery and Complete House 
 keeper. New ed., N. York, 1852, 12mo. 15. A Complete 
 Dictionary of Poetical Quotations, Phila., 1852, 8vo. 
 16. The Judge; a Drama of American Life. 17. New 
 Household Receipt-Book, 1853, 12mo. 18. Woman's Re 
 cord; or, Sketches of Distinguished Women from "the 
 Beginning till A.D. 1850," N. York, 1853, 8vo. New ed., 
 1856. This work, by far the most important of Mrs. 
 Bale's productions, though in some points open to criti 
 cism, may yet be justly commended as an invaluable 
 manual for the library-shelf and the parlour-table. 19. Li 
 beria, or Mr. Peyton's Experiments ; edited by Mrs. Hale, 
 1853, 12mo. 20. The Bible Reading-Book, Phila., 1854, 
 12mo. 21. The Letters of Mme. de Sevigne" to her 
 Daughter and Friends, N. York, 1856, 12mo. The merits 
 of this ckarming writer have elicited the enthusiastic 
 commendations of the highest authorities : 
 
 " Madame de Sevigne shines both in grief and gayety ; every 
 paragraph has novelty; her allusions, her applications, are the 
 happiest possible. She has the art of making you acquainted with 
 all her acquaintance, and attaches you even to the spots she in 
 habited. . . . Madame de Sevigne's language is correct, though 
 unstudied ; and when her mind is full of any great event, she 
 interests you with the warmth of a dramatic writer, not with the 
 chilling impartiality of an historian." HORACE WALPOLE. 
 
 " She has so filled my heart with affectionate interest in her as 
 a living friend, that I can scarcely bring myself to think of her as 
 being a writer, or having a style; she has become a celebrated 
 probably an immortal, writer, without expecting it." SIR J. MACK 
 INTOSH. 
 
 22. The Letters of Lady Mary W. Montagu, 1856, 12mo. 
 
 In addition to the labours here enumerated, Mrs. Hale 
 has edited several Annuals, The Opal, The Crocus, Ac., 
 prepared a number of books for the young, and contributed 
 enough matter, in the way of tales, essays, and poems, to 
 fill several large volumes. It is certainly high praise ac 
 corded to this lady, in a review of her poetry, by a critic 
 of her own sex : 
 
 "A religious spirit breathes through the whole. It is plain that 
 Mrs. Hale's constant aim is to show the true source of strength 
 and cheerfulness amid the trials of life, and to inspire the hope 
 that looks beyond it." MRS. E. P. ELLET : N. Amer. Rev^ Ixviii. 422. 
 
 For critical reviews of her productions we refer the 
 reader to Grisw old's Female Poets of America; Amer. 
 Month. Rev., iv. 239; Phila. Lady's Book, 1850; an article 
 by Mrs. E. F. Ellet, entitled Female Poets of America, in 
 N. Amer. Rev., Ixviii. 413-436. We append a short extract 
 from the first of the above-named authorities : 
 
 " Mrs. Hale has a ready command of pure and idiomatic Eng 
 lish, and her style has frequently a masculine strength and energy. 
 She has not much creative power, but she excels in the aggrega 
 tion and artistical disposition of common and appropriate imagery. 
 She has evidently been all her life a student; and there has been 
 a perceptible and constant improvement in her writings ever since 
 her first appearance as an author. . . . They are all indicative of 
 sound principles, and of kindness, knowledge, and judgment." 
 GriswoMs Female Poets of America. 
 
 Hale, Thomas. Shipbuilding, etc., Lon., 1691, 18mo. 
 
 Hale, Thomas. 1. A Compleat Body of Husbandry, 
 Lon., 1756, fol. 2. Eden; or, Compleat Body of Garden 
 ing. 1757, fol. 
 
 Hale, Win. Treatises on the Poor, Female Peni 
 tentiaries, &c., Lon., 1804, '09, 12mo. 
 
 Hale, Wm., Archdeacon of London. 1. Clerical 
 Funds, Lon., 1826, 8vo. 2. Church Rates, 1841, r. 8vo. 
 3. Precedents in Eccles. Cts., 1847, r. 8vo. 4. Sick Man's 
 Guide, 2d ed., 1846, 8vo. 5. In conjunction with Bp. 
 Lonsdale, The Four Gospels, with Annotations, 1849, 4to. 
 
 Hales, Charles. Two treat, on the V. Disease, 
 1763, '70. 
 
 Hales, Charles. 1. The Bank Mirror, 1796, 8vo. 
 2. Finances of this Country, 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Hales, James. 24 Serms., 1766, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Hales, or Hayles, John, an eminent scholar, d. 
 1572. 1. Trans, of Plutarche on Healthe, Lon., 1543, 
 16mo. 2. Introduc. ad Grammat. 3. High Way to No 
 bility, 4to. 4. Succession of the Crown of Eng., 1563, 4to. 
 In favour of the House of Suffolk. It was answered by 
 Bp. Lesley in A Treat, of the Honour of Marie, now 
 Queene of Scotland, Leige, 1571, 8vo. 
 
 " Yet so it was that he [Hales] having a happy memory, accom 
 panied with incredible industry, became admirably well skill'd in 
 the Lat., Greek, and Hebrew tongues, and at length in the muni 
 cipal laws and antiquities." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Hales, John, The Ever-Memorable, 1584-1656, 
 a famous scholar and divine, a native of Bath, was entered 
 
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 of Corpus Christ! Coll., Oxf., 1597; elected Fellow of Mer- 
 ton College, 1606; Fellow of Eton College, 1613: attended 
 the Synod of Dort in 1618, and there became a convert to 
 Arminianism through the argument of Episcopius ; Canon 
 of Windsor, 1639 ; ejected in the Rebellion. His writings 
 principally consist of sermons, theological tracts, para 
 phrases of portions of Scripture, and letters. He was so 
 modest that during his lifetime he permitted nothing of 
 his to be published save an oration delivered at the funeral 
 of Sir Thomas Bodley, a treatise upon schism, and one or 
 two sermons. Three years after his death a collective ed. 
 of many of his pieces was pub., under the title of Golden 
 Rernaines, Lon., 1659, 8vo ; 1673, 4to; 1688, 8vo. The 1st 
 ed. contains nine sermons, letters and miscellanies. The 2d 
 ed. was enlarged by the addition of four more sermons. 
 In 1765 Lord Hailes pub. Hales's Whole Works, now first 
 collected together, 3 vols. sm. 8vo. With a want of taste 
 which we are at a loss to understand in so eminent an 
 antiquary, Lord Hailes committed the gross error of 
 modernizing his author's language. For this he is pro 
 perly censured by Dr. Johnson : 
 
 "An author's language, Sir, is a characteristic part of his compo 
 sition, and is also characteristic of the age in which he writes. 
 Besides. Sir, when the language is changed, we are not sure that 
 the sense is the same. No, Sir; I am sorry Lord Hailes has done 
 this." BosweU's Life, of Johnson. 
 
 We have already expressed our views upon this subject 
 in our article on Chaucer : see p. 364. Respecting the 
 works of Hales, an authority of eminence remarks : 
 
 " Their merits are unequal. The best seem to be his discourse 
 on Schism, that on the abuse of hard places of Scripture, and his 
 letters to Sir Dudley Carleton, from the Synod of Dort, in which 
 he gives a good account of that far-famed convention. He was 
 evidently a man superior to many of the prejudices of his age; but 
 if the reader's expectations are raised very greatly by his high- 
 sounding title and the testimonies referred to, he will probably 
 be disappointed even by his Golden Remains." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 But surely it does not follow that all of a man's wisdom 
 finds its way into his books. As regards the comprehen 
 siveness and accuracy of his learning, we have the most 
 abundant testimony. Lord Clarendon, Lord Say and 
 Seal, Bishop Pearson, Dr. Heylin, Andrew Marvel, An 
 thony a Wood, Bishop Stillingfleet, and Bishop Hoadley, 
 " the testimonies" referred to by Orme, were not men 
 to err in a matter of this kind. 
 
 "A man of as great a sharpness, quickness, and subtility of wit, 
 as ever this or perhaps any nation bred. His industry did strive, 
 if it were possible, to equal the largeness of his capacity, whereby 
 he became as great a master of polite, various, and universal learn 
 ing, as ever yet conversed with books. . . . While he lived, none 
 was ever more solicited and urged to write, and thereby truly 
 teach the world, than he; but none was ever so resolved, pardon 
 the expression, so obstinate, against it." BISHOP PEARSON. 
 
 " Thro' the whole course of his bachelorship there was never any 
 one in the then memory of man (so I have been informed by cer 
 tain seniors of that coll. at my first coming thereunto) that ever 
 went beyond him. for subtle disputations in philosophy, for his 
 eloquent declamations and orations, as also his exact knowledge 
 in the Greek tongue, evidently demonstrated afterwards, not only 
 when he read the Greek lecture in that coll., but also the public 
 lecture of that tongue in the schools. ... He was a man highly 
 esteemed by learned men beyond and within the seas, from whom 
 he seldom fail'd to receive letters every week, wherein his judg 
 ment was desir'd as to several points of learning." Athen. Oxon 
 " He had read more and carried more about him, in his excellen 
 memory, than any man I ever knew; he was one of the least men 
 in the kingdom, and one of the greatest scholars in Europe." LORD 
 CLARENDON. 
 
 His lordship tells us that " nothing troubled him onort 
 than the brawls which were grown from religion ;" and Mr 
 Bickersteth supposes that he " would perhaps have given 
 up too much for peace, having seen the evil of division. 
 
 In this surmise there is but little doubt that Mr. Bicker 
 steth is correct, for a late eminent authority, referring t( 
 Hale's tract on Schism, remarks : 
 
 " The aim of Hales, as well as of Grotius, Calixtus. and Chilling 
 worth, was to bring about a more comprehensive communion ; bu 
 he went still farther; his language is rough and audacious; hi 
 theology in some of his other writings has a scent of Racow, am 
 though these crept slowly to light, there was enough in the earlies 
 to make us wonder at the high name, the epithet Ever-memorable 
 which he obtained in the English church." Hattam's Lit. Hist, oj 
 Europe. 
 
 Notwithstanding the grave nature of his studies, th 
 EVER-MEMORABLE sometimes wooed the Muses; and i 
 critic of the day has given him a place (if he indeed refer 
 to our Hales) in his curious and amusing portrait-gallery 
 " Hales, set by himself, most gravely did smile 
 To see them about nothing keep such a coil ; 
 Apollo had spied him, but, knowing his mind, 
 Past by, and called Falkland that sat just behind." 
 
 Sir John Suckling's Session of the Poets. 
 See Gen. Diet.; Biog. Brit.; Lett, by Eminent Persons 
 Account of the Life and Writings of John Hales, 1719, 8vo 
 Hales, Stephen, D.D., 1677-1761, a natural philoso 
 
 jher of great eminence, a native of Beckesbourn, Kent, 
 vas educated at Bene't Coll., Oxf., took holy orders, and 
 was advanced successively to the perpetual curacy of Ted- 
 lington, and to the livings of Portlock and Farringdon. 
 He was especially distinguished for bis experiments on the 
 hysiology of plants. His principal works were 1. Vege 
 table Staticks, Lon., 1727, '31, 8vo. 2. Statical Essays : 
 this consists of No. 1 (vol. i. of the Essays) and a vol. en- 
 itled Hsemastatics, pub. in 1733, <fec., 1769, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Sales also pub. several serms., philosophical experiments, 
 >apers on Phil. Trans., <fcc. He is to be remembered with 
 jreat respect as an early advocate of the great cause of 
 TEMPERANCE. His Friendly Admonition to the Drinkers 
 f Gin, first pub. in 1734, 8vo, has been frequently reprinted, 
 and doubtless accomplished much good. See Masters's 
 Hist, of C. C. C. C.; Annual Register, 1764; Rees's Cyc. ; 
 ent Mag., vol. Ixix.; Butler's Life of Hildesley, p. 362; 
 Lysons's Environs. 
 
 Hales, Wm., D.D., Rector of Killesandra, Ireland, 
 pub. a number of learned works on mathematics, nat. phi- 
 
 ., and theology, 1778-1819, among which are 1. Pro 
 phecies resp. our Lord, 2d ed., Lon., 1808, 8vo. Highly 
 commended. 2. A New Analysis of Chronology, 1809-14, 
 3 vols in 1, 4to, 8 8s. ; 2d and best ed., 1830, 4 vols. 8vo, 
 3 3*. 
 
 This is perhaps the most valuable chronological work that has 
 ever been published. Possessed of the caution of Newton, and the 
 learning of Usher, Dr. Hales proceeds on better data than either 
 of these distinguished chronologists ; and pours a flood of light 
 on some of the darkest and most difficult points in sacred and 
 profane history. . . . Dr. Adam Clarke, who makes a very liberal 
 use of the work in his Commentary, bestows" on it the highest 
 commendation." Orme's Bibl. Sib. 
 
 " Not only is it the most elaborate system of chronology in our 
 language, but there is scarcely a difficult text in the sacred writings 
 which is not illustrated. . . . His New Analysis ought to have a 
 place in the library of every biblical student who can procure it." 
 Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " Vast learning and research ; though the system of Chronology 
 adopted has been much questioned, and assumptions without 
 proof are made." Bickersteth' s Chris. Stu. 
 
 3. The Holy Trinity, Ac., 2d ed., 1818, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 4. Primitive Brit. Church, 1819, 8vo. See Watt's Bibl. 
 Brit. 
 
 Haley, John, Jr. Chronometers; Nic. Jour., 1804. 
 
 Haley, Wm. Serm., 1686, 4to. 
 
 Halford, Sir Henry, M.D., 1766-1844, whose family 
 name was Vaughan, was physician to four successive sove 
 reigns, viz. : Geo. III., Geo. IV., Wm. IV., and Victoria. 
 He was Pres. of the Royal Coll. of Physicians from 1820 
 until his death. In 1831 he pub. a collective ed. of his (1) 
 Essays and Orations, 8vo; 3d ed., 1842. 
 
 " A delightful compound of professional knowledge and literary 
 taste. Handled with skill and feeling such as his, subjects of 
 medical research have not only nothing dry or repulsive about 
 them, but are of deep and universal interest and attraction." 
 Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 " Though treating of subjects principally medical yet, they will 
 be found for the most part acceptable to the general reader." 
 Lon. Month. Kev. 
 
 2. Nugae Metricaa : Latin Poems and Translations, 1842, 
 12mo. Some of Sir Henry's Latin compositions were con 
 tributed to the Gentleman's Magazine. See Pettigrew's 
 Medical Portrait Gallery ; Lon. Gent. Mag. for May, 1844. 
 
 Halfpenny, Joseph. 1. Gothic Ornaments in the 
 Cathedral of York, 1795, imp. 4to. 2. Fragmenta Vetusta, 
 1807, imp. 4to. 
 
 Halfpenny, Wm. 1. Marrow of Architecture, 1722, 
 '29, 4to. 2. Sound Building, Lon., 1725, fol. 
 
 Halhed, Nathaniel Brassey, M. P., 1751-1830, 
 equally conspicuous as a profound Orientalist, and as the 
 dupe of Richard Brothers, the pretended prophet, pub. 
 
 1. Narrative of Events in Bombay and Bengal, 1779, 8vo. 
 
 2. Imitations of Martial, 1793-94. 3. Several tracts in 
 vindication of the claims of his teacher, R. Brothers, 1795 ; 
 and the following works, which are of real value : 4. Gram 
 mar of the Bengal Language, 1778. 5. A Code of Gentoo 
 Laws, trans, from the Persian, 1776. 
 
 " A curious and entertaining volume." Lon. Annual Register. 
 
 " With the single exception of the Scriptures, this code of Gentoo 
 Laws is the most valuable present which Europe ever received from 
 Asia." Butter's Hor. Bib. 
 
 A biography of Mr. Halhed will be found in Gent. Mas., 
 May, 1830. 
 
 Haliburton. Observations upon the Importance of 
 the N. Amer. Colonies to G. Brit., Halifax, 1825, 8vo. See 
 Lon. Quar. Rev., xxiii. 410 ; Lon. Month. Rev., Aug. 1827, 
 564. /. v _ ; 
 
 Haliburton, Thomas Chandler, long a Judge of 
 Nova Scotia, popularly known as Sam Slick, contributed, 
 in 1835, to a weekly paper of Nova Scotia, a series of letters 
 professing to depict the peculiarities of Yankee character. 
 
 759 
 
HAL 
 
 HAL 
 
 These sketches were received with so much favour that in 
 1 837 they were collected into a vol. entitled The Clockmaker ; 
 or, the Sayings and Doings of Samuel Slick of Slickville. 
 A Second Series appeared in 1838, and a third in 1840. 
 In 1842 the writer visited England as an attache of the 
 American Legation, and in the next year embodied the 
 results of his observations on English Society in his amus 
 ing work, The Attache" ; or, Sam Slick in England, 2 vols. 
 p. Svo. Second Series, 1844, 2 vols. p. Svo. New ed., 
 1846, 4 vols. p. Svo. Reprinted, 1849. Judge Haliburton 
 has also given to the world An Hist, and Statist. Account 
 of Nova Scotia, 1828, 2 vols. p. Svo; repub. 1839; see N. 
 Amer. Rev., xxx. 121; Bubbles of Canada, 1839, p. Svo; 
 The Old Judge, or, Life in a Colony ; Letter-Bag of the 
 Great Western, 1839, p. Svo; Rule and Misrule of the 
 English in America, 1851, 2 vols. p. Svo ; Yankee Stories, 
 1852, 12mo ; Traits of American Humour, 1852, 3 vols. p. 
 8vo; Nature and Human Nature, 1855; new ed., 1858. 
 
 How far he has succeeded in the attempt at depicting 
 Yankee manners and customs is a matter of debate. An 
 eminent authority, well qualified to give an opinion upon 
 the subject, decides against Slick's pretensions as a 
 painter : 
 
 " On this point we speak with some confidence. We can distin 
 guish the real from the counterfeit Yankee, at the first sound of 
 the voice, and by the turn of a single sentence; and we have no 
 hesitation in declaring that Sam Slick is not what he pretends to 
 be ; that there is no organic life in him ; that he is an impostor, an 
 impossibility, a nonentity. A writer of genius, even if he write 
 from imperfect knowledge, will, as it were, breathe the breath of 
 life into his creations. Sam Slick is an awkward and highly in 
 felicitous attempt to make a character, by heaping together, with 
 out discrimination, selection, arrangement, or taste, every vulgarity 
 that a vulgar imagination can conceive, and every knavery that a 
 man blinded by national and political prejudice can charge upon 
 neighbours whom he dislikes." PROF. C. C. FELTON : N. Amer. Rev., 
 Iviii. 212. 
 
 " He deserves to be entered on our list of friends containing the 
 names of Tristram Shandy, the Shepherd of the Noctes Ambrosi- 
 ance, and other rhapsodical discoursers on time and change, who, 
 besides the delights of their discourse, possess also the charm of 
 individuality. Apart from all the worth of Sam. Slick's revela 
 tions, the man is precious to us as a queer creature knowing, 
 impudent, sensible, sagacious, vulgar, yet not without a certain 
 tact: and overflowing with a humour as peculiar in its way as the 
 humours of Andrew Fairservice..or a Protestant Miss Miggs, (that 
 impersonation of shrewish female service !)" Lon. At/ienceum. 
 
 " Original and pithy, it is always refreshing to fall in with this 
 inimitable story-teller. His mixture of sound sense with genuine 
 humour, his fund of information and peculiar way of putting it 
 on record, his fun and his force, the fun being part and portion 
 of that force, are at the same time qualities so entertaining and 
 instructive, that we know not in the end whether to be better 
 pleased with the intelligence we have acquired or the amusement 
 we have received." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 See also Fraser's Mag., xxxv. 141, 308, 429 ; xxxvi. 76, 
 204, 324, 447, 576 j and New Haven Church Review, iv. 
 523. 
 
 Halifax, Earl of. See MONTAGUE, CHARLES. 
 
 Halifax, Marquis of. See S A VILE, GEORGE. 
 
 Halifax, Charles. Constable's Guide, 1791, Svo. 
 
 Halifax, Rev. Win. 1. Answer to a Letter, Lon., 
 1701. 2. Account of Tadmor or Palmyra, in Syria, Phil. 
 Trans., 1695. 
 
 Halifax. See HALUFAX. 
 
 Halkerston, Peter. 1. Decisions of the Lords of 
 Council, Ac., Edin., 1820, fol. 2. Latin Maxims, Ac., 1823, 
 Svo. 3. Law of Scot. rel. to Marriages, 1827, Svo. 4. Act 
 of Parl., 6 Geo. IV., cap. 120, 1827, Svo. 5. Trans., &c. 
 Terms, &c. in Erskine's Institute, 2d ed., 1829, 12mo. 
 6. Law and Sanctuary of Holyrood, 1831, Svo. 
 
 Halket, Lady Anne, 1622-1699, a daughter of Ro 
 bert Murray, was a native of London. She left 21 vols. in 
 folio and quarto, principally on religious subjects. From 
 these a vol. of Meditations was pub., Edin., 1702, 4to. 
 
 " She was a person of great knowledge, having searched for it as 
 for hidden treasure, especially in these inexhaustible mines of the 
 divine oracles, where the most excellent wisdom is found." Bal- 
 lar$t British Ladies. 
 
 Halket, John. 1. Selkirk's Settlement at Kildonan, 
 Lon., 1817, Svo. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 88. 
 2. Indians of N. America, 1825, Svo. See N. Amer. Rev., 
 xxii. 108. 
 
 Hall and Sellers. Laws of Penna., Phila., 1775, fol. 
 
 Hall, Capt. Rattlesnake Poison, Phil. Trans., 1727. 
 
 Hall, Capt. 1. Hist, of the Civil War in America, 
 vol. i., Lon., 1780, Svo. 2. Songs, Ac., 2d ed., 1815, 12mo. 
 
 Hall, Rev. Mr. Cardplaying, Lon., 1750, Svo. 
 
 Hall, Miss A. 1. Literary Reader for High Schools 
 and Academies, Bost., 1850. 2. Manual of Morals. 
 
 Hall, A. Oakey, of New York. 1. The Manhattaner 
 in New Orleans ; or, Phases of " Crescent City" Life, N. 
 York, 1850, 12ino. 2. Old Whitey's Christmas Trot, 1857. 
 760 
 
 Hall, A. W. Female Confessions ; a Nov., 1809. 2 vols. 
 
 Hall, Mrs. Anna Maria. See HALL, MRS. SAMUEL 
 CARTER. 
 
 Hall, Anthony, D.D., 1679-1723, Fellow of Queen's 
 Coll., Oxf., and Rector of Hampton Poyle. 1. Leland de 
 Scriptoribus, Oxf., 1709, 2 vols. 8vo. Very erroneously 
 printed. 2. N. Triveti Annales, 1719, 8vo. He also com 
 pleted and pub. Hudson's ed. of Josephus, and drew up 
 the account of Berkshire from the Magna Britannia. 
 
 Hall, Archibald. Two Discourses, 1777, Svo. 2. The 
 Gospel Church, 1795, Svo. 
 
 " Shows the arguments for Presbyterianism. Jamieson's Sum 
 of Episcopal Controversy may be read on the same side. The 
 arguments for Independency may be sufficiently seen in the works 
 of Dr. Oweu."Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 Hall, Arthur. A Letter rel. to a Quarrel, <fec., Lon., 
 1579-80, 4to. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., p. 1. 
 
 Hall, Arthur, M.P. for Grantham. Ten Books of 
 Homer's Illiades ; trans, from a metrical French version 
 into English, Lon., 1581, 4to. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.; HALL, 
 or HILL, ARTHUR, in Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 954. 
 
 Hall, Rev. B. R., of New York, for twenty-eight 
 years past an eminent instructor of youth. 1. The New 
 Purchase; or, Life in the Far West, N.York, 1843, 12mo; 
 new ed., 1855, 12mo. 2. Something for Every Body. 3. 
 Teaching a Science; The Teacher an Artist, 1852. Highly 
 commended. 4. Frank Freeman's Barber Shop, 1852. 
 
 Hall, Capt. Basil, R. N., 1788-1844, a native of 
 Edinburgh, a son of Sir James Hall, fourth baronet of 
 Dunglass, was a popular writer of books of voyages and 
 travels. In 1802, in his fourteenth year, he entered the 
 Royal Navy, and was subsequently in -active service in 
 many parts of the globe. For some time before his death 
 he was deprived of the use of his reason, and he died in 
 confinement. For further information respecting Capt. 
 Hall we must refer the reader to his Fragments of Voyages 
 and Travels, and to vol. v. of the new ed. (1855) of Cham 
 bers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen. 
 1. Voyage to the West Coast of Corea and the Great Loo- 
 Choo Island, Lon., 1818, 4to. Narrative part subsequently 
 pub. separately, p. Svo, and Loo-Choo, med. Svo. This 
 work includes a vocabulary of the Loo-Choo language, 
 compiled by Lieut. Clifford. 
 
 "A work not less valuable for its maritime geography and science 
 than for the pleasing interest which it excites on behalf of the na 
 tives of Loo-Choo, and the favourable impression it leaves of Captain 
 Hall, his officers and seamen." Stevenson's Voyages and Travels. 
 
 Also favourably reviewed by Lord Jeffrey in the Edin. 
 Rev., xxix. 475-497, and by Jared Sparks in the North 
 Amer. Rev., xxvi. 514-538 : see also Lon. Quar. Rev., xviii. 
 308 ; Lon. Month. Rev., cxxv. 59 ; cxxvii. 592 ; cxxxiv. 143 ; 
 Fraser's Mag., viii. 593. 2. Occasional Poems and Mis 
 cellanies, 12mo. 3. Extracts from a Journal written on 
 the Coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico, in 1820-22, 1824, 
 2 vols. p. Svo; 1848, r. Svo. See Edin. Rev., xl. 31-43. 
 4. Travels in North America in 1827-28, 3 vols. p. Svo, 
 1829. 
 
 " This work will do considerable mischief, not in America, but 
 in England. It will furnish food to the appetite for detraction 
 which reigns there towards this country. It will put a word iu 
 the mouths of those who vilify because they hate and hate because 
 they fear us." EDWARD EVERETT : N. Amer. Rev., xxix. 522-574. 
 
 The London Quarterly Reviewer is of quite a different 
 opinion : 
 
 " His book may very probably do good in America; we hope it 
 will but we are quite sure it must do so here." See vol. xli. 417- 
 447. 
 
 " Captain Hall's work, amidst much striking talent and many 
 just and profound observations, is too much tinctured by his ar 
 dent and enthusiastic fancy to form a safe guide on the many de 
 bated subjects of national institutions." America, No. I. : Black- 
 wood's Mag., xxxiv. 288. 
 
 See also Westm. Rev., xi. 416; Lon. Month. Rev., cxvii. 
 503. 5. Forty Etchings from Sketches made with the 
 Camera Lucida in North America in 1827-28, r. 4to, 1829. 
 
 6. Fragments of Voyages and Travels, 1st series, 1831, 3 
 vols. 12mo ; 2d series, 1832, 3 vols. 12mo ; 3d series, new 
 eds., 1840, '46, '50, all in r. Svo. See Lon. Quar. Rev., 
 xlvii. 133-169; Lon. Month. Rev., May, 1831, 59-79. 
 
 7. Schloss Hainfield; or, A Winter in Lower Styria, 1836, 
 p. Svo. 8. Spain and the Seat of War in Spain, 1837, p. 
 Svo. 9. In conjunction with Ellis and Pringle, Voyages 
 and Travels, 1840, r. Svo. 10. Travels in South America, 
 1841, r. Svo. 11. Patchwork; Travels in Stories, Ac., 
 1840, 3 vols. p. Svo; 2d ed., 1841, 3 vols. 18mo and in 1 
 vol. 12mo. 
 
 "Few writers lay themselves more open to quizzing: few can 
 prose and bore more successfully than he now and then does ; but 
 the Captain's merit is real and great. . . . Captain Basil Hall im 
 parts a freshness to whatever spot he touches, and carries th 
 reader with untiring good-humour cheerily along with him. Turn 
 where we will we have posies of variegated flowers presented to us, 
 
HAL 
 
 HAL 
 
 and we are sure to find in every one of them, whether sombre or 
 gay, a sprig of Basil." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 "Wit is not to be measured, like broadcloth, by the yard. Easy 
 writing, as the adage says, and as we all know, is apt to be very 
 hard reading. This brings to our recollection a conversation, in 
 the presence of Captain Basil Hall, in which some allusion having 
 been made to the astounding amount of Scott's daily composition, 
 the literary argonaut remarked, ' There was nothing astonishing 
 in all that, and that he did as much himself nearly every day 
 before breakfast.' Some one of the company unkindly asked 
 ' whether he thought the quality was the same.' It is the quality, 
 undoubtedly, which makes the difference." WM. H. PRESCOTT: 
 N. Amer. Rev., xlv. 11, and in his Miscellanies; and see Capt, 
 Hall's own comparison between his rapidity of composition and 
 that of Sir Walter, in Lockhart's Life of Scott. 
 
 Hall, Benjamin. History of Eastern Vermont from 
 its Earliest Settlement to the Close of the Eighteenth Cen 
 tury, N. York, 1858, 8vo, pp. 799. 
 
 '' The author sustains himself throughout with unflagging spirit, 
 and his book will be read with unwearying interest." A. P. PEA- 
 BODY, D.D.: N. Amer. Rev., July, 1858, 281. 
 Hall, Charles. Serms., 1756, '60. 
 Hall, Charles, M.D. 1. Medical Family Instructor, 
 Shrewsb., 1785, 8vo. 2. Effects of Civilization on the 
 People in the European States, 1805, 8vo. 
 Hall, Charles. Con. to Med. Com., vi. 71. 
 Hall, Charles Henry. 1. Serms. atBamptonLect., 
 Lon., 1799, 8vo. 2. Serm., 1805, 4to. 
 
 Hall, Miss E. M. The American Lady's Practical 
 Cookery and Domestic Economy, N.Y., 1856, 12mo. 
 Hall, Edmund. Serms., 1653, '64. Other works. 
 Hall, Edward, 1499P-1547, an English lawyer and 
 judge in the Sheriff's Court, is known to posterity by his 
 Chronicle, already noticed in our article on Richard Graf- 
 ton. His work is entitled The Vnion of the two noble and 
 illustrate Famelies of Lancastre and York, Lon., 1548, fol. 
 This is supposed to be the first edition, but it is alleged 
 there is one bearing date 1542. Respecting this question, 
 see authorities referred to below. This work was continued 
 only to 1532. Hall left the continuation in MS., and 
 Grafton completed it and printed it in 1550, fol. In 1555 
 it was prohibited by proclamation. Reprinted, 1809, 2 
 vols. 4to. We have already referred to Bishop Nicolson's 
 opinion of this work : 
 
 " He wrote a large account of the fore-mentioned wars, which, 
 in a very flattering epistle, he dedicated to Henry VIII. If the 
 reader desires to know what sort of cloaths were worn in each 
 king's reign, and how the fashions altered, this is an historian 
 for his purpose ; but in other matters his information is not very 
 valuable." Eng. Hist. Lib. 
 But Hearne disputes this : 
 
 "All the copies I have yet seen or heard of are dedicated to Edw. 
 VI., and the dedication is far from being flattering. The informa 
 tions, too, are all along so very good, abating that the chronology 
 is here and there wrong, that they have been, and will always be, 
 highly valued by the most curious men. He declines giving any 
 account of cloaths and fashion, excepting upon some solemn occa 
 sion in King Henry the Eighth's reign, and contents himself with 
 what is truly momentous." Appen. to Hemingi Chart. Ecdes. Wi- 
 gor., ii. 673, &c. 
 
 Herbert supposes that Bishop Nicolson refers to the ed. 
 of 1542(?) and Hearne, to one of the other edits. But no 
 such theory will reconcile statements so directly opposed 
 to each other. Shakspeare and the other dramatists of 
 his day drew largely from Hall's Chronicles for materials 
 for their plots. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. ; Cole's 
 MS. Athenae. Cantab., in Brit. Mus. ; Harwood's Alumni 
 Etonenses; Tanner and Pits; Peck's Desiderata ; D,ibdin's 
 Typ. Antiq. of G. Brit. ; Hallam's Constit. Hist, of Eng. 
 Dibdin's Lib. Comp. ; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 Hall, Edward. Serms. and Prayers for the Young 
 Lon., 1789, 8vo. 
 
 Hall, Edward B., D.D. Memoir of Mary L. Ware 
 wife of Henry Ware, Jr., Bost, 1852, 12mo. Seven eds'. 
 of this Memoir have already (1856) appeared. Reviewec 
 in N. Amer. Rev., Ixxvii. 145. 
 
 Hall, Edwin, D.D. 1. The Puritans and their Prin 
 ciples, N. York, 8vo. 2. Law of Baptism, 3d ed., 12mo. 
 
 Hall, Everard. Index to the Virginia Reports, 
 Washington to 2d Randolph, Rich., 1825, 8vo. 
 
 Hall, Francis. Explication of Dial in the King's 
 Garden at London, Liege, 1673, 4to. 
 
 Hall, laeut. Francis, 14th Light Dragoons, H.P. 
 subsequently Hydrographer in the Service of Colombia 
 1. Travels in Canada and the U. States in 1816-17 ; Lon. 
 1818, 8vo; Bost., 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Hall is a clever, lively man, very much above the common 
 race of writers. ... It is certainly somewhat rare to meet with 
 an original thinker, an indulgent judge of manners, and a man 
 tolerant of neglect and familiarity, in a youth covered with tags 
 feathers, and martial foolery." REV. SYDNEY SMITH : Edin. Rev. 
 xxxi. 133, and in his Miscellanies. 
 
 " He has good sense enough to think that a country is not tc 
 be judged by its tavern-keepers and hostlers, and too much good 
 
 umour to rail at a whole people because he meets with occasional 
 istances of fraud and churlishness." J. GALUSON : N. Amer. Rev., 
 s. 135-155. 
 
 " Hall's is a pleasant and lively work, unfolding many of the 
 eculiarities of the manners, customs, &c. of Canada and the 
 idjacent parts of the United States." Stevenson's Voyages. 
 
 2. Travels in France in 1818; Lon., 1819, 8vo. 3. Ac- 
 ount of Colombia in 1824, 8vo ; 1825, '27. 
 Hall, Francis Russell. Regeneration, &c., 1832, 
 2mo. 
 
 Hall, Rev. Gordon, d. 1826, in India, aged about 
 16, a native of Berkshire, Mass., was the first American 
 missionary at Bombay, where he laboured for thirteen 
 years with great zeal. He had just revised the New Tes- 
 ament in the Mahratta tongue, when he was seized with 
 cholera, of which he died in eight or nine hours. In con 
 junction with S. Newell, he wrote The Conversion of the 
 World, &c., 2d ed., 1818, 8vo. 
 
 Hall, George, 1612-1668, son of the Bishop of Nor- 
 ich, Fellow of Exeter Coll., Oxford, Preb. of Exeter, 
 1639 ; Archdeacon of Cornwall, 1641 ; Bishop of Chester, 
 1662. He pub. Serms., 1655, '66, both 4to, and The Tri 
 umphs of Rome over despised Protestancy, 1655, '67, 8vo. 
 " Had the seeds of virtue sown in him very early by his said 
 kther." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Hall, Harrison, of Philadelphia, b. 1785, a brother 
 of Judge James Hall and of John E. Hall, (see post,) wrote 
 a work on Distillation, first pub. in 1815, which passed 
 through two edits, in America (2d ed., 1818, 8vo) and one 
 n England. This work elicited the commendation of Dr. 
 Hare and of other scientific men of the day. 
 Hall, Henry. Serm., Lon., 1644, 4to. 
 Hall, Hiland, late Judge of the Supreme Court of 
 Vermont. History of Western Vermont, announced as in 
 course of preparation, 1858. 
 
 Hall, Isaac, M.D. Tumour of the Thigh. 
 Hall, J. V. The Sinner's Friend, Maidstone, 8vo. 
 Hall, Rev. James. 1. Discoveries in Nat. Philos., 
 Lon., 1805, 8vo. 2. Travels in Scotland, 1807, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 3. Travels through Ireland, 1813, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. Substi 
 tute for Hemp; Nich. Jour., 1811. 
 
 Hall, Sir James, 1761-1832, fourth Baronet of Dun- 
 glass, and father of Capt, Basil Hall, R.N. Origin, Princi 
 ples, and Hist, of Gothic Architecture, Lon., 1813, imp. 4to. 
 " The most popular and esteemed work on the subject of which 
 it treats, both in the particular theory it espouses, and the interest 
 of its details." Chambers & Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Scotsmen. 
 
 He contributed papers on architecture, nat. philos., <fcc., 
 to Trans. Soc. Edin., 1796, 1805, and to Nich. Jour., 1804, 
 '06, '15, <fec. The result of his experiments tended to 
 confirm the truth of the Plutonian or Igneous theory of 
 the origin of minerals. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Aug. 1832, 
 pp. 178-179, and Watt's Bibl. Brit,; Chambers & Thom 
 son's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen. 
 
 Hall, James. Serms., Lon., 1814, '15, both 8vo. 
 Hall, James, an eminent American writer and 
 Judge, b. in Philadelphia, Aug. 19, 1793, after spending 
 some time in the study of the law, entered the U. States 
 Army, and distinguished himself in the battle of Lundy's 
 Lane, at Niagara, the siege of Fort Erie, and on various 
 other occasions during the last war with Great Britain. 
 He resigned from the army in 1818, and in 1820 removed 
 to Shawneetown, Illinois, where he edited the Illinois 
 Gazette and practised at the Bar. Whilst living in this 
 State, he was elected by the Legislature Judge of the 
 Circuit Court, and for four years held the responsible post 
 of State Treasurer. In 1833 he removed to Cincinnati, 
 where he has since resided. Since 1836 he has been con 
 nected with monetary pursuits; was for some time the 
 Cashier of the Commercial Bank, and has been since 1853 
 President of an institution of the same name. For further 
 particulars respecting Judge Hall's useful and laborious 
 life we refer the reader to Griswold's Prose-Writers of 
 America, and to Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. 
 
 1. Letters from the West, Originally pub. in the Phila. 
 Port-Folio, edited by the author's brother, Mr. John E. 
 Hall, (see post.) They appeared in London in a collective 
 form in 1828, 8vo, without the author's concurrence. Re 
 viewed in the London Quarterly, xxxix. 345-359. 
 
 2. Legends of the West, Phila., 1832, 12mo; 2d ed., 
 1833. 3. The Soldier's Bride, and other Tales, 1832. 4. 
 The Harpe's Head; a Legend of Kentucky, 1833. 5. Sketches 
 of the West, 1835, 2 vols. 12mo. See N. Amer. Rev., xliii. 
 1-28; xlv. 234-239; xlvii. 499-501; Rich's Bibl. Amer. 
 Nova, ii. 292. 6. Tales of the Border, 1835, 12mo. 7. 
 Statistics of the West at the Close of 1836 ; Cincin., 1836, 
 12mo. 8. Notes on the Western States, Phila., 1838, 12mo ; 
 1839, cr. 8vo. 
 
 " Though furnished with a new title, this work is but another 
 
HAL 
 
 edition of Judge Hall's Statistics of the West, published in 1836." 
 aV. Amer. J?r., xlvii. 499-601. . 
 
 " This is, in our opinion, a, valuable book. It furnishes just 
 what we want. . . . Mr. Hall understands bis subject thoroughly ; 
 which no mere traveller, however well qualified, can be expected 
 to do." Lon. AtlunuEum, 1839 : 111-113, q. v. 
 
 9. Life of General William Henry Harrison, 1836, 18mo. 
 10. History of the Indian Tribes, by Thomas L. McKenney, 
 late of the Indian Department at Washington, and James 
 Hall. Embellished with 120 Portraits from the Indian 
 Gallery at Washington. Phila. and Washington, 20 Nos. 
 fol. ; vol. i., 1838 ; ii., 1842 ; iii., 1844 ; $120 per copy for the 
 set Repub. in London. For an account of this splendid 
 work, written entirely from authentic original materials 
 collected with vast labour, see N. Amer. Rev., xlvii. 134- 
 148- London For. Quar. Rev., xxxvii. 479; Rich s Bibl. 
 Amer. Nova, ii. 300-307. The letter-press was written 
 chiefly by Judge Hall : 
 
 " Colonel McKenney has an accomplished coadjutor in Judge 
 Hall of Cincinnati, who is associated with him in the literary 
 part of the enterprise. Judge Hall's well-known grace and liveli 
 ness of style, and his knowledge of events in the West, and of the 
 Indian character as unfolded in the wars of recent times, besides 
 the advantages he derives from his proximity to the scenes he 
 describes, enable him to make contributions which adorn and 
 give additional value to the work." .ZV. Amer. Rev., xlvii. 134- 
 148, notice of vol. i. 
 
 11. The Wilderness and the War-Path, N. York, 1845, 
 12mo. 12. Anniversary Address before the Mercantile 
 Library Association of Cincinnati, April, 1846. 13. Life 
 of Thomas Posey, Major-General and Governor of Indiana, 
 in Sparks's American Biography, 2d Series, ix. 359-403. 
 A new and uniform edit, of Judge Hall's works, revised 
 by the author, to be comprised in four vols., uniform with 
 Putnam's edit, of Irving's Works, is now (1856) in course 
 of publication. Vol i., Legends of the West, appeared in 
 1853 ; and vol. ii., The West, Historical, Descriptive and 
 Statistical, is now ready for the press. In 1857 appeared 
 Romance of Western History, Cin., 12mo. Judge Hall has 
 been a contributor to The Amer. Quar. Rev., The Phila. Port- 
 Folio, The Knickerbocker, The Boston Token, Ac. He 
 founded, published, edited, and contributed largely to, The 
 Illinois Magazine, (monthly,) issued for three years at 
 Vandalia, and then removed to Cincinnati, where its name 
 was changed to The Western Monthly Magazine. Under 
 this title it enjoyed a large circulation for three years, 
 when it was discontinued. He also edited and contributed 
 largely to The Western Souvenir for 1829, (pub. at Cin 
 cinnati,) the first annual attempted in the West. When 
 we add to this long list of labours the editorial duties 
 connected with several newspapers, The Illinois Gazette, 
 The Illinois Intelligencer, Ac. it will be readily admitted 
 that few men have done so much for the cause of Western 
 civilization and the intellectual improvement of the 
 country at large. Sttch men should be " counted worthy 
 of all honour." 
 
 Hall, James, an eminent geologist, b. at Hingham 
 Mass., 1811, Palaeontologist of New York State Survey. 
 1. The Geology of New York, Fourth Geological Dis 
 trict, 1843, 4to. 2. The Palaeontology of New York; vol. i., 
 1847, 4to; ii., 1852, 4to; iii., in course of preparation. 
 Mr. Hall has contributed a number of papers to various 
 scientific publications. 
 
 Hall, John. A Poesie in Forme of a Vision, Ac. 
 1563, 16mo. Probably written by the next-named John 
 Hall. See Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet. Anglic., 78 : 
 Ritson's Bibl. Poet., 232, 233 ; Warton's Hist, of Eng! 
 Poet. 
 
 Hall, John, an early English poet, was a surgeon of 
 Maidstone, in Kent. 1. The Prouerbes of Salomon, Ac., 
 1550. 2. Trans, of Chirurgia Parua Lanfranci, Lon., 1565' 
 4to. 3. The Courte of Vertue, 1565, 16mo. See Brydges's 
 Phillips's Theat. Poet. Anglic. ; Ritson's Bibl. Poet., 232- 
 233 ; Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet. 
 
 Hall, John, 1627-1656, a native of Durham, spen 
 one year at St. John's Coll., Camb., and subsequently re 
 moved to Gray's Inn. 1. Horse Vicivse; or, Essays, Ac. 
 Lon., 1646, 12mo. 2. Poems, Camb., 1646, 12mo. See 
 Nichols's Select Collection. 3. The Seconde Booke of 
 Divine Poems, 1647. Now very rare. 4. Emblems, 1648 
 16mo. 5. Motion to the Parliament, 1649, 4to. 6. Mon 
 archy, 1651, 8vo. 7. The Height of Eloquence, 1652 
 8vo. 8. Paradoxes, 1653, 12mo. This is the first English 
 trans, of Longinus. 9. Hierocles on Pythagoras, 1657 
 8vo. With an account of Hall, by John Davis. See 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Hall, John, of Richmond. Government, Lon 
 1654, fol. 
 
 Hall, John. The True Chevalier, Lon., 1656, fol. 
 762 
 
 HAL 
 
 Hall, John. English Bodies; or, Cures in desperate 
 'iseases. Englished by Jas. Cooke, Lon., 1657, 12iao. 
 y H. Stubb?, 1679, '83, 8vo. 
 
 "Hall, John. Jacob's Ladder, Lon., 1676, 8vo. 
 Hall, John. Refutation of Helmont, Oxf., 1694, 4to. 
 Hall, John. His Memoirs, Lon., 1708, '14, 8vo. 
 Hall, John. Speech at Tyburn, Lon., 1716. 
 
 Hall, John. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1784. 
 
 Hall, John. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1798, 8vo. 
 
 Hall, John. Conveyancing, Lon., 1829, 8vo. 
 
 Hall, John E., 1783-1829, a son of Mrs. Sarah Hall, 
 
 nd brother of Judge James Hall and Harrison Hall, was 
 
 dmitted to the Bar in 1805, and commenced practice in 
 
 Baltimore ; he subsequently removed to Philadelphia. 
 
 Whilst in Baltimore he was elected to the responsible post 
 
 f Professor of Rhetoric and Belles-Lettres in the Univer- 
 
 ity of Maryland. From 1808 to 1817 he pub. The Ame- 
 
 ican Law Journal, Phila., 6 vols. 8vo. In 1821 was pub. 
 
 ne vol. of The Journal of Jurisprudence, a new series of 
 
 ?he American Law Journal, Phila., 8vo. Hall's Law 
 
 ournal contains some Decisions of the Federal Courts 
 
 ot pub. in the regular reports. See 23 Amer. Jour., 135. 
 
 n 1816 he became editor of The Port-Folio, and contri- 
 
 uted to its pages from time to time a number of articles 
 
 which excited considerable attention. He also wrote a life 
 
 f Dr. John Shaw, prefixed to the poems of the latter, pub. 
 
 at Baltimore in 1810 ; collected, arranged, and contributed 
 
 /> an edit, of The British Spy; edited the Philadelphia 
 
 Souvenir in 1827 ; and in the same year pub. Memoirs of 
 
 Eminent Persons, Ac., written and in part selected by the 
 
 Editor of The Port-Folio. In consequence of the failure 
 
 if Mr. Hall's health, the Port-Folio was discontinued in 
 
 1827. See Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. Mr. Hall also 
 
 }ub. The Practice and Jurisdiction of the Court of Ad- 
 
 niralty, Bait., 1809, 8vo; an English edit, of Emerigon 
 
 on Maritime Loans, with other matter, 1811, 8vo; and 
 
 Tracts on Constitutional Law, containing Mr. Livingston's 
 
 Answer to Mr. Jefferson, Phila., 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Hall, Jonathan Prescott. Reports of Cases in 
 Superior Ct. City N. York, 1828-29, N. York, 1831-33, 2 
 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Hall, Joseph, D.D., 1574-1656, one of the most emi 
 nent of English divines and scholars, was a native of 
 Ashby-de-la-Zouch, and educated at Emanuel Coll., Cam 
 bridge, where for a short time he read the Rhetoric Lecture 
 in the schools. He became Rector of Halsted, was subse 
 quently presented by Lord Denny to Waltham Holy Cross, 
 and next made a Prebendary of the collegiate church of 
 Wolverhampton. In 1618 he was sent to the Synod of 
 Dort, was made Bishop of Exeter in 1627, and trans, to 
 Norwich in 1641. On the occurrence of the Rebellion, 
 after suffering imprisonment and enduring various other 
 hardships, he was sequestered and reduced to great poverty. 
 He retired to Higham, near Norwich, where he spent the 
 rest of his days on a straitened income, but in the active 
 discharge of ministerial duty. As a man of profound 
 learning, fervent piety, and practical philanthropy, his 
 name should be "had in everlasting remembrance." He 
 was distinguished both as a poet and as a prose writer, and 
 wrote many sermons, controversial tracts against Roman 
 ism, and other theological treatises. For particulars of his 
 life and writings, see Biog. Brit. ; his Autobiography, in his 
 Specialities; Johnson and Chalmers's Eng. Poets, 1810; 
 Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet. ; Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Words 
 worth's Eccles. Biog. ; Hallani's Lit. Hist, of Europe ; 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Man. A new edit, of his Works, now first 
 collected, with his Autobiography, Notes, Index, Ac., by 
 Rev. Josiah Pratt, was pub., Lon., 1808, in 10 vols. 8vo, 
 4 4. A still later edit., by his descendant, Rev. Peter 
 Hall, was pub., Oxf., 1837-39, in 12 vols. 8vo, 5. This 
 edit, the collector must secure. Its contents are as follows : 
 Vol. I. Biographical Pieces; Contemplations on the Old 
 Testament, Books 1-17. II. Contemplations on the Old 
 Testament, Books 18-21; Contemplations on the New 
 Testament. III. Paraphrases on Hard Texts, Genesis to 
 David. IV. Paraphrases on Hard Texts, Hosea to Reve 
 lation. V. Sermons. VI., VII. Practical Works. VIII. 
 Devotional Works ; Miscellaneous Theology. IX., X. Po 
 lemical Works. XL Latin Theology, with Translations. 
 XII. Mundus Alter et idem; Quo Vadis ? A Censure of 
 Travel; Poetical Works ; Appendix; Indices. Of separate 
 pieces, and selections from his writings, there have been 
 many edits. The most comprehensive of these is Selec 
 tions by the Rev. Josiah Pratt, 1808, 5 vols. 8vo, 2 2*. 
 We proceed to quote a number of opinions by eminent 
 authorities respecting the merits of a number of the works 
 of this profound scholar and excellent man: 
 
HAL 
 
 HAL 
 
 1. SATIRES: VIRGIDEMIARUM : pub. 1597-98. These 
 were pub. at the early age of twenty-three. It is proper 
 to quote in this connexion the remark of Dr. Drake : 
 
 " Poetry was the occupation merely of his youth ; the vigour 
 and decline of his days being employed in the composition of pro 
 fessional works, calculated, by their piety, eloquence, and origin 
 ality, to promote, in the most powerful manner, the best interests 
 of morality and religion." 
 
 " The first professed English satirist, to speak technically, is 
 Bishop Joseph Hall. . . . These satires are marked with a classical 
 precision, to which English poetry had yet rarely attained. They 
 are replete with animation of style and sentiment. The indigna 
 tion of the satirist is always the result of good sense. Nor are the 
 thorns of severe invective unmixed with the flowers of pure poetry. 
 The characters are delineated in strong and lively colouring, and 
 their discriminations are touched with the masterly traces of 
 genuine humour. The versification is equally energetic and ele 
 gant, and the fabric of the couplets approaches to the modern 
 standard." Warton' s Hist, of Eng. Poet., ed. 1840, iii. 404-441. 
 Read this " masterly piece of criticism." 
 
 " The best Poetry and the truest Satire in the English language. 
 ... I wish I had seen them sooner." ALEXANDER POPE. 
 
 "This powerful and truly original writer is the earliest professed 
 Satirist among our Poets; and he has himself alluded to that fact 
 with a proud and pardonable egotism : 
 
 I first adventure ; follow me who list, 
 And be the Second English Satirist.' 
 
 His Satires, besides their own intrinsic poetical excellences, are 
 valuable to the Antiquary as presenting a most vivid and faithful 
 picture of the manners of our ancestors ; their fashions, follies, 
 vices, and peculiarities. These Hall has touched with a powerful 
 and unsparing hand. Scribblers, Lawyers, Parsons, Physicians, 
 all those unfortunate classes of men, who have, from time imme 
 morial, enjoyed the unenvied privilege of attracting the peculiar 
 notice of the Satiric Muse, are by him laid bare and shrinking to 
 the scorn and hatred of Mankind." Henry Neele's Lects. on Eng 
 lish Poetry. 
 
 "In many instances, Hall redeems the antiquity of his allusions 
 by their ingenious adaptation to modern manners ; and this is but 
 a small part of his praise : for in the point, and volubility, and 
 vigour of Hall's numbers, we might frequently imagine ourselves 
 perusing Dry den." Thomas Campbell's Notices of the British Poets. 
 
 But Mr. Hallam questions Hall's claim, asserted by 
 himself and since generally allowed, to be considered the 
 first English satirist: 
 
 " In a general sense of satire, we have seen that he had been 
 anticipated by Gascoigne; but Hall has more of the direct Juve- 
 nalian invective, which he may have reckoned essential to that 
 species of poetry." 
 
 He considers, also, that Hall's Satires have been "praised 
 by Campbell, as well as by Warton, full as much in my 
 opinion as they deserve," and remarks : 
 
 " Hall is in fact not only so harsh and rugged that he cannot 
 be read with much pleasure, but so obscure in very many places, 
 that he cannot be understood at all, his lines frequently bearing 
 no visible connexion in sense or grammar with their neighbours." 
 Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 2. EPISTLES : pub. 1608-11. 
 
 " An able inquirer into the literature of this period has affirmed 
 that Hall's Epistles, written before the year 1613. are the first ex 
 ample of epistolary composition which England had seen. ' Bishop 
 Hall,' he says, 'was not only our first satirist, but was the first 
 who brought epistolary writing to the view of the public; which 
 was common in that age to other parts of Europe, but not prac 
 tised in England till he published his own Epistles.' And Hall 
 himself in the Dedication of his Epistles to Prince Henry observes, 
 ' Your grace shall herein perceiue a new fashion of discourse by 
 EPISTLES, new to our language, vsuall to others: and, as nouelty 
 is neuer without plea of vse, more free, more familiar.' "War- 
 ton's Hist, of Eng. Poet. 
 
 But Warton assigns to Roger Ascham the first and to 
 Howell the second place, in order of time, in this depart 
 ment of letters. 
 
 Campbell also falls into the error of denominating 
 Bishop Hall " the first who gave our language an example 
 of epistolary composition in prose." See his Notices of 
 the British Poets. 
 
 3. CONTEMPLATIONS UPON THE PRINCIPAL PASSAGES OF 
 
 THE HlST. OF THE NEW TESTAMENT: pub. 1612-15. 
 
 " Incomparably valuable for language, criticism and devotion." 
 DR. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 " The first and last terms are justly applied, but not the middle 
 one ; as there is very little criticism, in the proper meaning of the 
 term, in any of the works of Hall. . . . There is a great variety 
 of sentiment, and great richness of thought and expression, in 
 these Contemplations. The historical passages are often very 
 happily illustrated; and a pure and elevated devotion, combined 
 with a fine imagination, pervades the whole." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " Very devotional and useful." BickerstttK 's Chris. Stu. 
 
 " A vein of piety, and even an original cast of observation, runs 
 through the greater part of his performances ; and his Contempla 
 tions, in particular, breathe the fire of poetry as well as of devo 
 tion." DIBDIN : Lib. Comp. 
 
 " The Contemplations of Hall are among his most celebrated 
 works. They are prolix, and without much of that vivacity or 
 striking novelty we meet with in the devotional writings of his 
 contemporary, [Jeremy Taylor.] but are perhaps more practical 
 and generally edify ing."-HaUam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 4. THE OLD RELIGION; or, the Difference between the 
 Reformed and the Romish Church : pub. 1628. 
 
 A very able work. 
 
 " Quo ostenditur evangelicam religionem esse antiquam atque 
 apostolicam; Romanam contra novam atque ab hominibus ex- 
 cogitatam." WALCH. 
 
 5. EXPLICATION OF ALL THE HARD TEXTS OF THE WHOLE 
 DIVINE SCRIPTURE : pub. 1633-34. 
 
 "These expository notes are very valuable, especially for show 
 ing the spirit and force of many expressions that occur." DR. 
 DODDRIDGE. 
 
 " They do not, however, contain much learned criticism. Most 
 of them, if not all, are inserted in the valuable Commentary of 
 Bp. Mant and Dr. D'Oyly." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " This paraphrase includes many texts which are not hard ; and 
 on many hard texts it throws little light. Occasionally a critical 
 remark occurs, and frequently the point and energy of a particular 
 sentiment is happily noticed ; but the reader who repairs to these 
 volumes for the solution of many difficulties in the language or 
 doctrine of the Bible will certainly be disappointed. He who 
 undertakes too much must always fail to afford satisfaction. An 
 explication of all the hard texts in the Bible was too vast an un 
 dertaking even for Bishop Hall, though his learning was greater 
 than that of most of the men of his age, and his industry not 
 inferior to any." Orme's Bibl.'Bib. 
 
 " Very devotional and useful." Bickersteth's O. S. 
 
 6. CHRISTIAN MEDITATIONS : pub. 1640. 
 
 "Next to his Contemplations are his Meditations, Letters, and 
 Balm of Gilead." DR. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 " Best of all in his Meditations." Fuller's Worthies of Leicester 
 shire. 
 
 " Bishop Hall's beautiful Meditations were not less suited to our 
 day than to his." REV. CHARLES BRIDGES : Memoir of M. J. Gra 
 ham. . 
 
 7. EPISCOPACY BY DIVINE RIGHT ASSERTED : pub. 1640. 
 " In .this the good Bishop endeavours to fix Episcopacy upon 
 
 the same basis of apostolical institution, and to demolish the sys 
 tem of the Puritans, by demonstrating that Presbyterianism had 
 no existence for the first fifteen centuries of the Christian era, and 
 that it owed its being to the inventive faculties of Calvin." 
 BOGUE. 
 
 8. MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM : SIVE TERRA AUSTRALIS 
 ANTE HAC SEMPER INCOGNITA AUTHORS MERCURIC BRITAN- 
 NICO : pub. 1643. An English version was pub. by John 
 Healey, under the title of Discovery of a New World, 8vo. 
 
 " I can only produce two books by English authors in this first 
 part of the seventeenth century which fall properly under the class 
 of novels or romances ; and of these one is written in Latin. This 
 is the Mundus Alter et Idem of Bishop Hall, an imitation of the 
 latter and weaker volumes of Rabelais. A country in Terra Aus- 
 tralis is divided into four regions, Crapulia, Viraginia, Moronea, 
 and Lavernia. Maps of the whole land and of particular regions 
 are given ; and the nature of the satire, not much of which has 
 any especial reference to England, may easily be collected." 
 Hallam' s' Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 The other novel referred to by Mr. Hallam is Francis 
 Godwin's Man in the Moon. It has been supposed that 
 Swift borrowed the idea of Gulliver's Travels from Hall's 
 Mundus Alter et Idem: but see our life of FRANCIS GOD 
 WIN. We conclude with some opinions respecting the 
 general merits of this eminent divine as a scholar and an 
 author : 
 
 " He was noted for a singular wit from his youth : a most acute 
 rhetorician and an elegant poet. He understood many tongues ; 
 and in the rhetorick of his own he was second to none that lived 
 in his time." REV. JOHN WHITEFOOTE: Bishop Hall's Funeral 
 Sermon. 
 
 " He was commonly called our English Seneca, for the pureness, 
 plainness, and fulness of his style. Not unhappy at controversies, 
 more happy at comments, very good in his character, better in his 
 sermons, best of all in his meditations. ... A witty poet when 
 young, a painful preacher and solid divine in his middle, a patient 
 sufferer in his old, age." THOMAS FULLER. 
 
 " It is much to our present purpose to observe that the style of 
 his prose is strongly tinctured with the manner of Seneca. The 
 writer of the satires is perceptible in some of his gravest polemical 
 or scriptural treatises, which are perpetually interspersed with 
 excursive illustrations, familiar allusions and observations in life. 
 Many of them were early translated into French." Warton's Hist, 
 of Eng. Poet. 
 
 The obligations of the author of The Sentimental Jour 
 ney to Bishop Hall have been exposed by an ingenious 
 critic, whose merits we have already considered : 
 
 "There is a delicacy of thought and tenderness of expression in 
 the good Bishop's compositions, from the transfusions of which 
 Sterne looked for immortality." DR. FERRIAR. 
 
 The next authority to be quoted is not noted for enthu 
 siastic eulogy of the old English divines ; but he can hardly 
 say enough in favour of Bishop Hall : 
 
 "Imaginative and copious eloquence, terse and pointed sen 
 tences, full of piety and devotion. Few writers more likely to be 
 useful to [Divinity] students. Let them thoroughly read and 
 digest such a writer, and they will be furnished for most of the 
 calls upon them." Bickersteth's C. 8. 
 
 Here we must conclude, not from paucity of matter, but 
 narrowness of space. The similarity between Jeremy 
 Taylor and Bishop Hall has not escaped the eye of criti 
 cism. A late eminent authority happily defines the points 
 of likeness and contrast : 
 
 "A writer as distinguished in works of practical piety was Hall. 
 His Art of Divine Meditation, his Contemplations, and indeed 
 many of his writings, remind us frequently of Taylor, Both had 
 
HAL 
 
 HAL 
 
 equally pious and devotional tempers: both were full of learning; 
 both fertile of illustration ; both may be said to have strong imagi 
 nation and poetical genius, though Taylor let his predominate a 
 little more. Taylor is also rather more subtle and argumentative ; 
 his copiousness has more real variety. Hall keeps more closely to 
 his subject, dilates upon it sometimes more tediously, but more 
 appositely. In his sermons there is some excess of quotation and 
 far-fetched illustration, but less than in those of Taylor. In some 
 of their writings these two great divines resemble each other, on 
 the whole, so much, that we might for a short time not discover 
 which we were reading. I do not know that any third writer 
 comes close to either." HaUam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 Hall, Joseph, pub. the posthumous Works of Rev. 
 Jeremiah Seed, Lon., 1750, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Hall, Mrs. Louisa Jane, a daughter of Dr. James 
 Park, of Newburyport, Mass., was born in that city, Feb. 
 7, 1802. In 1840 she was married to the Rev. Edward B. 
 Hall, a Unitarian minister of Providence, Rhode Island. 
 Mrs. Hall has attained considerable reputation as the 
 author of Miriam, a Dramatic Poem, illustrative of the 
 early conflicts of the Christian Church. Although partly 
 written in 1825, and completed not long after this date, it 
 was not pub. till 1837. In 1828 she gave to the world 
 Joanna of Naples, an Historical Tale, in prose ; and has 
 also pub. a Life of Elizabeth Carter, and contributed to 
 the periodicals of the day. Few American poetical compo 
 sitions have been more highly commended than Mrs. Hall's 
 Miriam. See Griswold's Female Poets of America; Mrs. 
 Hale's Records of Woman ; Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. 
 Lit. ; Article by Mrs. E. F. Ellet on The Female Poets of 
 America, in N. Amer. Rev., Ixviii. 434, 435. 
 
 Hall, Marshall, M.D., d. 1857. Principles of the 
 Theory and Practice of Medicine, Lon., 1837, 8vo. Amer. 
 ed., by Drs. J. Bigelow and 0. W. Holmes, Bosk, 1839, 8vo. 
 Also Lectures and Memoirs on the Nervous System, and 
 other valuable professional works. He visited the United 
 States in 1853 and '54, and pub. The Twofold Slavery of 
 the United States. 
 
 Hall, Mrs. Matthew. Lives of the Queens of Eng 
 land before the Norman Conquest, Lon., 1 854, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " We have no doubt that many innocent people will fill up one 
 end of the shelves which contain their Lives of the Queens with 
 this suppositious preface and introduction to them. But it is a 
 pure delusion ; and we beg to assure all well-intentioned persons 
 that Sir E. B. Lytton's Harold contains a hundred fold more of 
 real historical information about the early Saxon Princesses than 
 they will find in the empty and pretentious pages of the Queens 
 before the Conquest; where Edith the Good and Edith the Fair 
 come in after all the Cartismanduas, Guenevers, and look as life 
 less and as mythical as they." Blackwootf s Mag., Oct. 1855. 
 
 Hall, Rev. Newman. 1. Life of Win. Gordon, M.D. 
 See the name, and that of GODMAN, JOHN D., M.D. 2. Come 
 to Jesus. New ed., Lon., 1854, 12ino. This little book 
 has reached its fifty-fourth thousand. 3. Follow Jesus. 
 New ed., 1854, 18mo. 4. It is I. 5. Italy, the Land of 
 the Forum and the Vatican, 1853, fp. 8vo. 
 
 Hall, P. W. Revealed Law, Ac., 1792, 8vo. 
 
 Hall, Peter, 1803-1849, Rector of Milston, Wilts, 
 educated at Winchester Coll. and at Brasenose Coll., Ox 
 ford, edited the Works of his ancestor, Bishop Joseph Hall, 
 and pub. a number of theological, topographical, and other 
 works, for an account of which see London Gent. Mag., 
 Nov. 1849. Among the most valuable of his works are 
 Reliquiae Liturgiae, 1847, 5 vols. 18mo, and Fragmenta 
 Liturgica, 1848, 7 vols. 18mo. At the time of his death 
 he was engaged in the compilation of another collection 
 of pieces of a liturgical character, to be entitled Monu- 
 menta Liturgica. Mr. Hall pub. in 1841, 8vo, a new Eng 
 lish ed. of that valuable work, The Harmony of the Pro 
 testant Confessions. This work was first pub. in Latin, at 
 Geneva, 1581, 4to; then in English, at Cambridge, 1586, 
 12mo ; again, Lon., 1643, 4to. These edits, have become 
 excessively rare, and Mr. Hall's reprint deserves great 
 commendation. 
 
 "I recommend the Confession of Faith of the Church of Saxony, 
 with the elucidations on particular points to be found in the 
 works of P. Melancthon." BISHOP HORSLEY. 
 
 Hall, R. G. 1. Law rel. to Trust Terms, Ac., Lon., 
 
 ?20, 8vo. 2. Rights of the Crown on the Sea-shores, 
 1830, 8vo. 
 
 Hall, Richard. A Library of Divinity; or, Select 
 Extracts from Sundry Old and Eminent Divines, Lon. 
 
 Hall, Richard, D.D., d. 1604, R. Catholic professor 
 at Douay, was educated at Christ College, Cambridge. 
 He pub. some controversial tracts, but is best known as 
 the author of The Life and Death of John Fisher Bishop 
 of Rochester, Lon., 1653, 8vo, which goes under the name 
 of its editor, Thomas Bayly, subdean of Wells. Another 
 ed. was pub. in 1739, 12mo, edited by Coxeter. Hall's 
 life of Fisher is much esteemed; but we have a recent 
 biography of this distinguished prelate by the Rev. John 
 
 Lewis. See FISHER, JOHN. Respecting Dr. Richard Hall, 
 see Dodd's Church Hist.; Cole's MS. Athense, in Brit. 
 Museum. 
 
 Hall, Richard. Hist, of Barbadoes, 1643-1762, 1765. 
 
 Hall, Robert. See HEYLIN, PETER, D.D. 
 
 Hall, Robert. 1. Serm., 1713, 8vo. 2. Four Serms. 
 3. 12 Serms. on the Apostles' Creed. 
 
 Hall, Robert. The Old Quizzes; a Musical Farce. 
 
 1779, 12mo. 
 
 Hall, Robert, d. 1791, father of the celebrated Ro 
 bert Hall, chosen pastor of a Baptist congregation at 
 Arnsby, Leicestershire, 1753. Help to Zion's Travellers, 
 Bristol, 1781, 18mo; 2d ed., Lon., 1807, ISmo. 
 
 " It well deserves the title." BickerstetWs C. S. 
 
 For an account of Mr. Hall see a biographical notice in 
 the Works of his son, Robert Hall. 
 
 Hall, Robert, M.D., 1763-1824, an army and navy 
 surgeon, subsequently resided at Jedburgh and in London. 
 He pub. a trans, of Spallanzani's Experiments on the 
 Circulation of the Blood, Lon., 1801, 8vo, and other pro 
 fess, treatises. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Georgian Era, ii. 585. 
 
 Hall, Robert, 1764-1831, one of the most eminent 
 of modern divines, a native of Arnsby, in Leicestershire, 
 where his father was settled as pastor to a congregation 
 of Baptists. At a very early age he gave evidence of un 
 common genius, which will readily be admitted when we 
 are assured upon undoubted authority that 
 
 " Before he was nine years of age he had perused and reperused, 
 with intense interest, the treatises of that profound and extra 
 ordinary thinker, Jonathan Edwards, on the ' Affections' and on 
 the ' Will.' About the same time he read, with a like interest, 
 ' Butler's Analogy.' Before he was ten years old he had written 
 many essays, principally on religious subjects, and often invited 
 his brothers and sisters to hear him preach." Dr. Olinthus Gre 
 gory's Memoir. 
 
 He was placed in the academy of Mr. John Ryland, of 
 Northampton, and afterwards removed to the institution 
 at Bristol connected with the Particular Baptists. In 
 
 1780, at the early age of sixteen, he was "set apart" by 
 his father and some other members of the Baptist commu 
 nion for "public employ" as a preacher of the word. In 
 little more than a year after this ceremony Robert was 
 sent to King's College, Aberdeen, where he formed a close 
 intimacy with Mr. afterwards Sir James Mackintosh. 
 Sir James said he became attached to Robert Hall " be 
 cause he could not help it." 
 
 " They read together; they sat together at lecture, if possible; 
 they walked together. In their joint studies they read much of 
 Xenophon and Herodotus, and more of Plato; and so well was all 
 this known, exciting admiration in some, in others envy, that it 
 was not unusual, as they went along, for their class-fellows to 
 point at them and say, ' There go Plato and Herodotus.' . . . There 
 was scarcely an important position in Berkeley's Minute Philoso 
 pher, in Butler's Analogy, or in Edwards on the Will, over which 
 they had not debated with the utmost intensity." 
 
 In 1783 Mr. Hall accepted an invitation from the church 
 at Broadmead to associate himself with Dr. Caleb Evans 
 as the assistant pastor. His first serin, had been preached, 
 when only sixteen years of age, to a congregation of minis 
 ters, and we are told that in the elucidation of his text, 
 "God is light, and in Him is no darkness at all," he 
 treated "this mysterious and awful subject with such 
 metaphysical acumen, and drew from it such an impres 
 sive application, as excited the deepest interest." We 
 need not be surprised, therefore, that, after three years' 
 intense application to metaphysics and studious perusal 
 of the best pulpit models, he produced such an impression 
 on his auditors as to " crowd the place of worship to 
 excess." In 1791 Mr. Hall assumed the pastoral charge 
 of the Baptist congregation at Cambridge, in which im 
 portant post he succeeded the unhappy Mr. Robinson. 
 Mr. Hall's devotion to study was carried to an excess 
 which resulted in the most painful consequences. 
 
 "Often has he been known to sit close at his reading, or yet 
 more intensely engaged in abstract thought, for more than twelve 
 hours in the day; so that, when one or two of his kind friends 
 have called upon him, in the hope of drawing him from his solitude, 
 -they have found him in such a state of nervous excitement as led 
 them to unite their efforts in persuading him to take some mild 
 narcotic and retire to rest. The painful result may be anticipated. 
 This noble mind lost its equilibrium ; and he who had so long been 
 the theme of universal admiration now became the subject of as 
 extensive a sympathy. This event occurred in November, 1804. 
 Mr. Hall was placed under the care of Dr. Arnold, of Leicester, 
 whose attention, with the blessing of God. in about two months, 
 restored him both to mental and bodily health." 
 
 But it is painful to add that, in about twelve months 
 from this time, " sleepless nights, habitual exclusion from 
 society, a complete self-absorption," and the incessant 
 struggle between a sense of duty and a proper regard to 
 his health, produced a recurrence of mental derangement. 
 The judicious measures of Dr. Cox, with the Divine aid, 
 
HAL 
 
 HAL 
 
 Boon restored the " complete balance of his mental powers." 
 It was considered necessary, however, that he should re 
 sign the charge of his congregation at Cambridge, and for 
 a year at least seek retirement and avoid all mental ex 
 citement. A connexion was thus terminated which had 
 subsisted for fifteen years. 
 
 In about two years from this time he felt himself suffi 
 ciently re-established in health to take charge of a congre 
 gation in Harvey Lane, Leicester, where he was married 
 in March, 1808. 
 
 " The people are a simple-hearted, affectionate, praying people, 
 to whom I preach with more pleasure than to the more refined 
 audience at Cambridge." Letter to Dr. Ryland. 
 
 He little foresaw that he would be the successor of the 
 friend to whom this letter was written ; but such was the 
 fact. Dr. Ryland "entered into rest" in 1825, and in the 
 next year Mr. Hall resigned his post at Leicester, which 
 he had occupied for nearly twenty years, and returned, 
 after an interval of forty-five, to the scene of his first con 
 tinuous labours, the church at Broadmead, Bristol. 
 
 " Some of the friends of his early life still survived to welcome 
 his return among them; and many others, who had profited by 
 his pulpit exertions on his periodical visits to Bristol, congratu 
 lated themselves that he to whom, under God, they owed so much, 
 had become their pastor." 
 
 His separation from his flock at Leicester, among whom 
 he had gone in and out for almost twenty years, was truly 
 affecting. 
 
 "The day of separation the last sacrament-Sabbath was a 
 day of anguish to him and them, of which I shall not attempt the 
 description. Suffice it to say, that he went through the ordinary 
 public duties of the day with tolerable composure; but at the 
 sacramental service he strove in vain to conceal his emotion. In 
 one of his addresses to the members of the church, on adverting 
 to the pain of separation he was so much affected that he sat 
 down, covered his lace with his hands, and wept; they, sharing in 
 his distress, gave unequivocal signs of the deepest feeling. Mr. 
 Eustace Carey, who was present, continued the devotional part of 
 the service until Mr. Hall was sufficiently recovered to proceed. 
 At the close of the solemnity the weeping became again universal, 
 and they parted, ' sorrowing most of all that they should see his 
 face no more.' " DR. GREGORY. 
 
 Mr. Hall continued actively engaged in the discharge 
 of ministerial duty at Bristol until February 12, 1831, 
 when he was attacked by a severe complaint in the chest, 
 which terminated fatally on the 21st of the same month. 
 He died "the death of the righteous," and was never 
 greater than in that last scene, which so often evinces at 
 the same time the weakness of human nature and the efii- 
 cacy of that strength wherewith God endues the souls of 
 his faithful children. " Over such the second death hath 
 no power," and the pangs of the first are swallowed up in 
 the foretaste of that exceeding glory -which " God hath 
 prepared for them who love him." 
 
 A friend remarked to the dying believer, "This God 
 will be our God!" "Yes, He will," was the reply; "He 
 will be our guide even unto death." Surely 
 
 " The chamber where the good man meets his fate 
 Is privileged beyond the common walks of life." 
 
 In the controversy excited by the French Revolution 
 of 1789 Mr. Hall was induced to take a part. He after 
 wards regretted that he was so much under the influence 
 of the general excitement as to be drawn aside from his 
 higher obligations. To use his own words 
 
 "The Christian ministry is in danger of losing something of its 
 energy and sanctity by embarking on the stormy element of po 
 litical debate." 
 
 The principal works of this eminent writer and orator 
 were as follows : 1. Christianity consistent with a Love 
 of Freedom ; being an Answer to a Sermon by the Rev. 
 John Clayton, Lon., 1791. Mr. Hall never would consent 
 to the republication of this essay. The principles he con 
 sidered correct, but he regretted the tone of animadver 
 sion as " severe, sarcastic, and unbecoming." 
 
 "It contains some powerful reasoning, as well as some splendid 
 
 2. Apology for the Freedom of the Press, 1793. 
 
 " I went home to my lodgings and began to write immediately ; 
 sat up all night, and, wonderful for me, kept up the intellectual 
 ferment for almost a month, and then the thing was done." 
 
 3. Modern Infidelity Considered, 1800. See an interest 
 ing account by Dr. Gregory of the history of this sermon. 
 
 " I mistake greatly if, after the perusal of this simple narrative, 
 the reader will not turn to the sermon with additional relish, and 
 meditate with augmented pleasure upon the peculiarities of this 
 most valuable production and the singular character of its au 
 thor's mind." 
 
 4. Reflections on War, 1802. 
 
 " Conscious that what is here advanced was meant neither to 
 flatter nor offend any party, he is not very solicitous about those 
 misconstructions or misinterpretations to which the purest inten 
 tions are exposed." Author's Preface. 
 
 5. The Sentiments proper to the Present Crisis, Fast- 
 day, 1803. 
 
 "From a due consideration of the temper of the times he 
 thought it expedient to direct the attention to what appeared to 
 him the chief source of public degeneracy, rather than insist at 
 large on particular vices." Author's Preface to tfie second edition. 
 6. The Discouragements and Supports of the Christian 
 Ministry; a Discourse delivered to the Rev. James Robin 
 son at his ordination. 7. On Terms of Communion ; with 
 a particular view to the case of the Baptists and the Paedo- 
 baptists, 1815. Mr. Hall was a warm advocate of " Mixed 
 Communion," while Mr. Kinghorn was a zealous champion 
 of exclusion. 8. The Essential Difference between Chris 
 tian Baptism and the Baptism of John more fully stated 
 and confirmed. 9. A Sermon occasioned by the death of 
 her late Royal Highness the Princess Charlotte of Wales, 
 1817 ; 6th ed. pub. in 1818. Mr. Hall preached three ser 
 mons on this occasion, of which many of the auditors affirm 
 the one published was by no means the best. 
 
 " It by universal acknowledgment bore the palm above all the 
 numerous valuable sermons that were then published. ... In 
 felicity of diction, in delicacy and pathos, in the rich variety of 
 most exquisite and instructive trains of thought, in their cogent 
 application to truths of the utmost moment, in the masterly com 
 bination of what in eloquence, philosophy, and religion was best 
 calculated to make a permanent and salutary impression, this ser 
 mon probably stands unrivalled." 
 
 So great was his reputation as a preacher, that some 
 persons were in the habit of travelling two nights, coming 
 and returning, for the pleasure of hearing him on Sunday. 
 His friend, Dr. Gregory, gives us a graphic account of one 
 of these occasions : 
 
 " From the commencement of his discourse, an almost breathless 
 silence prevailed, deeply impressive and solemnizing from its singu 
 lar intenseness. Not a sound was heard but that of the preachers 
 voice scarcely an eye but was fixed upon him not a countenance 
 that he did not watch, and read, and interpret, as he surveyed 
 them again and again with his rapid, ever-excursive glance. As 
 he advanced and increased in animation, five or six of the auditors 
 would be seen to rise and lean forward over the front of their pews, 
 still keeping their eyes upon him. Some new or striking sentiment 
 or expression would, in a few minutes, cause others to rise in like 
 manner: shortly afterwards still more, and so on, until, long be 
 fore the close of the sermon, it often happened that a considerable 
 portion of the congregation were seen standing, every eye directed 
 to the preacher, yet now and then for a moment glancing from one 
 to the other, thus transmitting and reciprocating thought and 
 feeling : Mr. Hall himself, though manifestly absorbed in his 
 subject, conscious of the whole, receiving new animation from 
 what he thus witnessed, reflecting it back upon those who were 
 already alive to the inspiration, until all that were susceptible of 
 thought and emotion seemed wound up to the utmost limit of 
 elevation on earth, when he would close, and they reluctantly 
 resume their seats." 
 
 With this lifelike picture of preacher and congregation 
 fresh in their minds, let our readers peruse the Sermon on 
 the death of the Princess Charlotte, or that entitled " The 
 Lamb of God," and imagine such a discourse so delivered, 
 and they will not marvel when told that when Robert Hall 
 preached "the place of worship was crowded to excess," 
 and that men considered the hearing of one sermon cheaply 
 purchased by the loss of two nights' rest. A writer in 
 " The Pulpit," who enjoyed the privilege of hearing Mr. 
 Hall's sermon on the " Power of God," thus describes it : 
 " It was, without exception, the most wonderful sermon I ever 
 heard. Every quality which could have been called into exercise 
 on such an occasion seemed concentrated in this one sermon. Pro 
 foundly metaphysical, without bewildering himself or his hearers, 
 and elegant without the shadow of affectation rapid in delivery, 
 without confusion energetic, without rant devout, without en 
 thusiasm commanding, without austerity affectionate, without 
 cant argumentative, without pedantry ; the whole effect was be 
 yond what it is possible to conceive of pulpit eloquence." 
 
 Another writer gives us a speaking picture of this great 
 orator : 
 
 " His figure was not commanding ; the general cast of his coun 
 tenance was heavy ; his voice was feeble and tremulous, and in 
 capable, in itself, of expressing or conveying any deep emotion. 
 About action or gesture he was perfectly indifferent ; he usually 
 began in so low a tone as to be scarcely audible ; and preserved, to 
 the last, one fixed, though unconstrained, position. As he was 
 warmed with his subject, his countenance became animated, and 
 his voice, still retaining its character of breezy softness, swelled 
 into a volume of delightful melody. While he was preaching, 
 such was the unassuming simplicity of his style and manner, and 
 natural fervour with which he carried his hearers along, that they 
 entirely lost sight of the man for the moment. As he approached 
 the end of his discourse, he became peculiarly animated, though 
 not declamatory, his audience were interested, and,with a rapidity 
 of utterance which fixed the reporter, like a statue, in admiration, 
 and frequently defied all attempts at writing, he poured forth the 
 various stores of his vast imagination, and produced an effect of 
 which few can conceive who have not witnessed it themselves." 
 Mr. Bosworth tells us 
 
 "When he began, he was usually calm and collected; speaking 
 in a low tone, and looking onward as he went, as if to survey afre&h 
 the region of thought he was about to traverse, but not often giv 
 ing an indication of those torrents of eloquence that were soon to 
 be poured from his lips. Sometimes, at the commencement, he 
 hesitated, and seemed perplexed, as if dissatisfied with what he 
 had intended to say; at others, when he was about to establish a 
 
 765 
 
HAL 
 
 HAL 
 
 truth or enforce a general principle, he would enter upon a course 
 of clear and powerful reasoning, rendered equally attractive and 
 astonishing by the delectable purity and beauty of his style. In 
 this latter case, his sentences were finished with such exquisite 
 care, that he appeared to have selected, not merely the most appro 
 priate, but the only, words which served his purpose, and yet 
 delivered with such freedom and ease, that they seemed the first 
 which came into his mind. As he proceeded, he increased m ani 
 mation and strength of utterance : in the application of the prin 
 ciples he had advanced, or the doctrine he had discussed, he grew 
 more intense and ardent ; and when he had risen to a certain pitch 
 of holy excitement, his brow would expand, his countenance 
 brighten, and, drawing back his majestic form in the pulpit, he 
 would come forward again, charged with the fulness of his mes- 
 sa^e to his hearers, and address them in tones and language which 
 made every heart vibrate. But it was not with his lips only that 
 he spoke his eloquence was more intellectual and spiritual than 
 audible sounds could make it. His speaking eye told volumes : 
 whether beaming with benignity, or blazing with intense and hal 
 lowed feeling, that eye indicated sentiments and emotions which 
 words were not made to express." 
 
 " The richness, variety, and extent of his knowledge are not so 
 remarkable as his absolute mastery over it. He moves about in 
 the loftiest sphere of contemplation, as though he were ' native 
 and endued to its element.' He uses the finest classical allusions, 
 the noblest images, and the most exquisite words, as though they 
 were those which came first to his mind, and which formed his 
 natural dialect. There is not the least appearance of straining 
 after greatness in his most magnificent excursions, but he rises to 
 the loftiest heights with a childlike ease. His style is one of the 
 clearest and simplest the least encumbered with its own beauty 
 of any which ever has been written." From a paper by Sir T. 
 N. Talfourd, on Pulpit Oratory, in the London Magazine, February, 
 1821, and quoted in "The Georgian Era,'' i. 465, 466. 
 A clerical critic tells us that, 
 
 "Although Mr. Hall possessed considerable learning, he rarely 
 displayed it; generally preferring the most simple phrases he could 
 select, to express his meaning, to those of a less familiar or more 
 ambitious class. On one occasion, being called upon to conclude 
 a service with prayer, after a sermon by Dr. Chalmers, who had 
 been even more than ordinarily brilliant, he clothed his address 
 to the Deity with such affecting plainness of style, that the con 
 gregation, who had been wrought up to a painful pitch of admira 
 tion by the dazzling eloquence of the preacher, felt a delightful 
 repose in the chaste, natural, tender simplicity of language in 
 which Mr. Hall embodied his supplications." 
 
 The reader will no doubt be pleased to read more upon 
 this theme: 
 
 " The bold diction, the majestic gait of the sentence, the vivid 
 illustration, the rebuke which could scathe the offender, the burst 
 of honest indignation at triumphant vice, the biting sarcasm, the 
 fervid appeal to the heart, the sagacious development of principle, 
 the broad field of moral vision all these distinguish the composi 
 tions of Robert Hall ; and we bear our most willing testimony to 
 their worth." Lon. Quarterly Review. 
 
 " His diction displays an unlimited command, and an exquisite 
 choice, of language. His copious use of Scripture phrases bestows 
 upon his style an awful sanctity. The same purity of taste which 
 appears in his choice of words is equally apparent in the forms of 
 expression into which they are combined. The turn of his phrases 
 is gracefully idiomatic. In the construction of his periods, he is, 
 perhaps, superior to any other writer. He seems to have employed 
 every elegant and harmonious form of which the language admits ; 
 always gratifying, often ravishing, the ear, but never cloying it." 
 
 " The originality with which he views every subject, and the 
 master-hand with which he grasps it, are altogether very remark 
 able. He follows in no track of other men ; neither his thoughts 
 nor his language are borrowed. A prodigious power of memory 
 in the use of Scripture, an exquisite judgment in the disposition 
 of his materials, are united with a boldness of conception, and a 
 creative force of imagination, which stamp an impress of origi 
 nality and independence on all his reasonings." A writer in the 
 Lon. Christian Observer. 
 
 " I cannot do better than refer the academic reader to the im 
 mortal works of Robert Hall. For moral grandeur, for Christian 
 truth, and for sublimity, we may doubt whether they have their 
 match in the sacred oratory of any age or country." Professor 
 Sedgwick, in his Discourse on the Studies of the University. 
 
 " The works of this great preacher are, in the highest sense of 
 the term, imaginative ; as distinguished not only from the didactic, 
 but the fanciful. He possesses the vision and faculty divine' in 
 as high a degree as any of our writers in prose. His noblest pas 
 sages do but make truth visible in the form of beauty, and ' clothe 
 upon' abstract ideas until they become palpable in exquisite shapes. 
 The dullest writer would not convey the same meaning in so few 
 words as he has done in the most sublime of his illustrations." 
 SIR T. N. TALFODRD: Pulpit Oratory, in Lon. Mag., Feb. 1821. 
 
 The same critic remarks that, in the Discourse on the 
 Prospect of an Invasion by Napoleon, Mr. Hall 
 
 " Blends the finest remembrance of the antique world the dearest 
 associations of British patriotism and the pure spirit of the Gospel 
 in a strain as noble as could have been poured out by Tyrtseus.' 
 " His mind is little to be envied, if from the perusal of Robert 
 Hall he do not find himself a more accomplished, a wiser, and a 
 better man." Church of England Quarterly Keview. 
 
 "The sermons and treatises which he committed to the press 
 are worthy of his elevated character, and will ever rank among the 
 choicest specimens of sacred literature. They show the strength 
 and beauty of which the English language is capable." Dr. Wil 
 liams's C. P. 
 
 " The excellence of Mr. Hall does not consist in the predominance 
 of any one of his powers, but in the exquisite proportion and har 
 mony of all." SIB T. N. TALFOURD : see ante. 
 
 "Hall, the most distinguished ornament of the Calvinisti 
 766 
 
 dissenters, has long been justly ranked with the highest of our 
 classics. His sermons are admirable specimens of pulpit eloquence, 
 not to be surpassed in the whole compass of British theology. 
 Those which received the author's own imprimatur are vastly su- 
 >erior to any that are either taken from his MSS. or supplied from 
 he notes of short-hand writers." Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 We quote some comparisons instituted between Hall and 
 other writers. On these expressed opinions we forbear to 
 make any comment. Some of our readers will unhesi 
 tatingly concur with them ; others will qualify, and not a 
 *ew stoutly contest them. 
 
 " Hall's style is as purely English as Addison's, without its oc 
 casional inaccuracy and pervading fulness; as energetic as War- 
 jurton's, without his coarseness, and, we may add, as classical as 
 Burke's, without his pomp and artificial ness." Lon. Eclectic Rev. 
 for 1832. 
 
 "He is more massive than Addison, more easy and uncon 
 strained than Johnson, more sober than Burke." Lon. Quar. 
 Rev. 
 
 Hear Dugald Stewart, in the same strain : 
 " Whoever wishes to see the English language in its perfection 
 must read the writings of that great divine, Robert Hall. He 
 combines the beauties of Johnson, Addison, and Burke, without 
 ;heir imperfections." 
 
 For Hall's opinion of Dugald Stewart, see Memoir by 
 Dr. Gregory : we have not room for an extract here. If 
 these criticisms savour of extravagance, we think the one 
 subjoined hardly does Mr. Hall justice : 
 
 " Hall is, even in print, much of the orator; although his lan 
 guage, with all its richness, betrays, in his published writings, 
 symptoms of anxious elaboration. Probably there could not be 
 cited from him any thing equal in force or originality to some 
 passages of Foster's, but it would still more certainly be impossible 
 to detect him indulging in feeble commonplaces." SPALDING: 
 Hist, of Eng. Lit. 
 
 An ardent admirer of Hall declares that 
 " He had the intellect of an angel, the piety of a saint, and the 
 humility of a worm." 
 
 " One of the most able of modern writers, with a clear, argu 
 mentative, powerful, masculine mind, and a correct statement of 
 evangelical truth; . . . of similar views in general doctrine to Scott 
 and Fuller. ... A powerful and faithful writer, excepting his 
 political pamphlets, which are a beacon to warn ministers from 
 such subjects. ... A remarkable vigour of intellect and power 
 of language distinguish his writings." Bicker steWs C. S. 
 
 "In his higher flights, what he said of Burke might, with the 
 slightest deduction, be applied to himself, ' that his imperial fancy 
 laid all nature under tribute, and collected riches from every 
 scene of the Creation and every walk of art;' [see BURKE, in this 
 volume,] and at the same time, that could be affirmed of Mr. Hall 
 which could not be affirmed of Mr. Burke, that he never fatigued 
 and oppressed by gaudy and superfluous imagery. ... His inex 
 haustible variety augmented the general effect. The same images, 
 the same illustrations, scarcely ever recurred." DR. GREGORY. 
 
 " It is to be observed that imagination had always been a sub 
 ordinate faculty in his mental constitution. It was never of that 
 prolific power which threw so vast profusion over the oratory of 
 Jeremy Taylor or of Burke ; or which could tempt him to revel, 
 for the pure indulgence of the luxury, as they appear to have 
 sometimes done, in the exuberance of imaginative genius. As a 
 preacher, none of his contemporaries who have not seen him in 
 the pulpit, or of his readers in another age, will be able to con 
 ceive an adequate idea of Mr. Hall. ... He displayed in a most 
 eminent degree the rare excellence of a perfect conception and 
 expression of every thought, however rapid the succession." 
 JOHN FOSTER. 
 
 "We know no one whose style is so strictly after the classic 
 model. Like the ancient statuary, its high finish proves that it 
 must have been elaborated; but all art is'hidden." A contributor 
 to the Church of Ireland Mag. 
 
 " His published sermons will always be ranked amongst the 
 finest specimens of pulpit eloquence ever given to the world. And 
 yet the unanimous testimony of all who heard him is that his 
 discourses when spoken in the fervid glow of imagination and 
 when the mind was full of the subject, were far superior to what 
 was afterwards recorded from his own memory or the notes of 
 others." DR. JAMIESON : Gyc. of Mod. Rd. Biog. 
 
 "In the eloquence of the pulpit, Robert Hall comes nearer 
 Massillon than either Cicero or Jischines to Demosthenes." LORD 
 BROUGHAM. 
 
 See also an essay on Pulpit Eloquence in Lord Broug 
 ham's contributions to the Edin. Review, i. 100. And see 1 
 articles in the Eclec. Rev., iv. s. xv. 169 j N. Brit. Rev., 
 iv. 54; N. Amer. Rev., Ixiv. 384. See also John Greene's 
 Reminiscences of Robert Hall, and sketches of his Ser 
 mons preached at Cambridge prior to 1806, Lon., 1832, 
 8vo; also, Hall's Miscellaneous Works and Remains, 1846, 
 sm. 8vo, and Gilfillan's 1st and 3d Galleries of Literary 
 Portraits. 
 
 " Mr. Hall, like Bishop Taylor, has the eloquence of an orator, 
 the fancy of a poet, the acuteness of a schoolman, the profound 
 ness of a philosopher, and the piety of a saint." Dr. Parr's 
 Spital Sermon. 
 
 We conclude this imposing array of distinguished com 
 mendations by the testimony of Hall's attached friend 
 and sincere mourner, Sir James Mackintosh. From this 
 accomplished person a biography of Hall was expected, 
 when " what shadows we are !" Sir James was gathered 
 to his fathers, and became himself the theme of an epitaph 
 and the subject of the biographer's pen ! 
 
HAL 
 
 His sermons are distinguished by solid and profound philo- j 
 sophy. and breathe a spirit of humility, piety, and charity, worthy I 
 of that pure and divine religion to the defence of which the | 
 author has consecrated his talents. His eloquence is of the highest 
 order, the natural effusion of a fertile imagination and of an i 
 ardent mind, while his style is easy, various, and animated. On 
 a review of all his various excellencies, we cannot but expect with I 
 confidence that the name of Robert Hall will be placed by pos 
 terity among the best writers of the age, as well as the most 
 vigorous defenders of religious truth, and the brightest examples 
 of Christian charity." 
 
 There have been several publications of portions of Hall a 
 works, and a number of collective editions. Works, with 
 a Memoir of the author by Dr. 0. Gregory, and Observa 
 tions on his character as a preacher, by John Foster, Lon., 
 1831-33, 6 vols. Svo j 1839, 6 vols. 8vo ; 1845, 6 vols. 8vo ; 
 1846, 6 vols. fp. Svo; llth ed., 1853, 6 vols. Svo. Con 
 tents : Vol. I. Sermons j Charges ; Circular-Letters. II. 
 Works on terms of Communion,- Difference between 
 Christian Baptism and the Baptism of John ; Reply to 
 Kinghorn, being a Further Vindication of Free Com 
 munion. III. Christianity Consistent with Love of Free 
 dom , Apology for the Freedom of the Press ; On the 
 renewal of the Charter of the East India Company ; Ap 
 peal in behalf of the Frame-work Knitters' Fund ; Reply 
 to Objections against this Society ; Slavery in the West 
 Indies; Fragments; Christian in opposition to Party 
 Communion ; Miscellaneous Pieces. IV. Articles from the 
 Eclectic Review; Miscellaneous Pieces. V. Notes of 
 Sermons; Letters. VI. Memoir by Gregory ; Hall's Cha 
 racter, by Foster; Sermons; Index. 
 
 "Are there any of you, my readers, who have not read the Life 
 of Robert Hall ? If so, ' when found, make a note of it.' Never 
 mind your theological opinion, orthodox or heterodox send for 
 llobert Hall ! It is the life of a man that it does good to man 
 hood itself to contemplate." t> E. Bulwer Lyttoris Caxtons, vol. 
 ii. p. 121. 
 
 Hall, S. R., of the Seminary for Teachers, Andover. 
 1. The Instructor's Manual, Bost., 1851, 16mo. 2. Lects. 
 on Education, Lon., 12mo. 3. Geography for Children, 
 N. York, 18mo. 
 
 Hall, S. S., Counsellor-at-Law, N. Orleans. Bliss of 
 Marriage; or, How to get a Rich Wife, N. Orleans,1858,12mo. 
 
 Hall, Samuel Carter, editor of the Art Journal, 
 b. at Topsham, Devon, in 1800, has edited The Book of 
 Gems, The Book of British Ballads, Royal Gems from the 
 Galleries of Europe, Baronial Halls, &c., but is best known 
 by his share in an illustrated work on Ireland, written in 
 conjunction with his wife. See HALL, MRS. SAMUEL 
 CARTER, No. 11. 
 
 " We may say, on the whole, that the literary, legendary, and 
 antiquarian portions of the work are compiled with laudable dili 
 gence; the illustrations are, for the most part, clear and interest 
 ing; and the statements and opinions are in general as sensible, 
 candid, and trustworthy, as could be expected from writers who 
 fairly confess their unwillingness to say any thing discreditable 
 to the country and the majority of its people." Lon. Quar. Rev., 
 Sept. 1849. 
 
 Mr. Hall was formerly the editor of The Amulet, The 
 New Monthly Magazine, and The British Magazine. He 
 has assisted Mrs. Hall in several works, in addition to the 
 one above noticed. 
 
 Hall, Mrs. Samuel Carter, formerly Miss Ann 
 Maria Fielding, wife of the preceding, is a native of 
 Wexford, Ireland, but removed to London at the early age of 
 fifteen. As a graphic delineator of Irish peculiarities, and 
 a skilful painter of those domestic experiences which are 
 much alike among all nations, Mrs. Hall has acquired 
 great reputation. The following are her principal works: 
 1. Sketches of Irish Character, 1829, r. Svo ; 1844, r. Svo ; 
 1846, r. Svo; 1849, r. Svo; 1854, Svo. 2. Chronicles of a 
 School-Room, 1830, 12mo. 3. Sketches of Irish Character: 
 Series Second, 1831; see No. 1. 4. The Buccaneer; a 
 Novel, 1832, 3 vols. p. Svo ; 1849, fp. Svo. 5. Tales of 
 Woman's Trials, 1834, r. Svo; 1846, r. Svo; 1852, Svo. 
 6. The Outlaw; a Novel, 1835, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 1848, fp. 
 Svo. 7. Uncle Horace; a Novel, 1835, 3 vols. p. Svo. 8. 
 Lights and Shadows of Irish Life, 1838, 3 vols. p. Svo. 
 9. Marian ; or, A Young Maid's Fortunes, 1840, 3 vols. p. 
 Svo ; 1847, 12mo. 10. Tales of the Irish Peasantry, 1840, 
 Svo. 11. Ireland, its scenery, character, Ac., 1841-43, 
 3 vols. imp. Svo. See HALL, SAMUEL CARTER. 12. The 
 White Boy ; a Novel, 1845, 2 vols. p. Svo. 13. Midsummer 
 Eve ; a Tale of Love, 1847, Svo. 14. Pilgrimages to Eng 
 lish Shrines, 1850, Svo. 15. Popular Tales and Sketches : 
 18 Tales, now first collected for the " Amusing Library," 
 1856. As stated in the preceding article, Mrs. Hall has 
 published several works in conjunction with her husband. 
 She has also written several minor dramas, of which the 
 first the French Refugee was broug'ht out with great 
 success in London in 1837. Mrs. Hall has also been a large 
 
 HAL 
 
 contributor to the periodicals of the day. We quote some 
 opinions respecting the merits of this popular writer : 
 
 "Mrs. Hall has already shown her fitness for the task by an in 
 timate acquaintance with that class of Irish life which affords the 
 animated portion of her descriptions. She paints the peasantry 
 and working-classes of the country with fidelity, and her pen is 
 powerfully assisted by the productions of the pencil which she 
 has called to her aid." ion. Athenaeum: notice of Sketches of 
 Irish Character. 
 
 " The Irish Sketches of this lady resemble considerably Miss 
 Mitford's beautiful English sketches in Our Village ; but they are 
 more vigorous and picturesque, and bright with an animated and 
 warm nationality, apologetic and defensive, which Miss Mitford, 
 writing of one class of English to another, had no occasion to use." 
 Blackwood's Mag., vol. Ixxvii. 
 
 " Mrs. Hall is really a charming writer ; and her Irish stories 
 more especially not at all like Miss Edgeworth's Tales or Crofton 
 Croker's Fairy Legends, both admirable in their way are full of 
 life and character, with that mixture of humour and pathos 
 which seems the native temperament of the children of Erin." 
 Lon. Eclectic Rev. 
 
 " In her Irish stories Mrs. Hall excels. Her rustic maidens are 
 copied from the cottage ; nothing can be more faithful and lively : 
 nor are her hinds and husbandmen any thing inferior. We no 
 where see the Irish character more justly or so pleasantly repre 
 sented. She sees Nature in her proper dimensions ; there is fancy, 
 but no exaggeration, and life always." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM : Biog. 
 and Crit. Hist, of Lit. of the Last Fifty Years. 
 
 "There is about them [Tales of Woman's Trials] a still, and a 
 solemn, and a holy, beauty that is worthy of the sacred subject 
 which they illustrate; and what subject is better fitted to appeal 
 to every generous sympathy, to every tender emotion, of man's 
 nature ? What subject better fitted to be delineated by woman's 
 pen?" Dubl. Univ. Mag., vii. 205-213. 
 
 "Whatever expectations the name of Lights and Shadows of 
 Irish Life may excite in the reader from its resemblance to the 
 name of the exquisite volumes on Scottish Life which bear a simi 
 lar title, it is not too much to say they will be satisfied." Ibid- 
 xii. 218-225. 
 
 It is indeed high praise which has been awarded to this 
 lady, that 
 
 " There is, also, in every thing she has published, the still higher 
 merit and without which all other pretensions to praise are worse 
 than indifferent of belonging to the most unexceptionable school 
 of morals. She never tries to enlist our sympathies on the side of 
 vice." Dubl. Univ. Mag., xvi. 146-147. 
 
 See this notice of Mrs. Hall's writings, accompanied by 
 her portrait; see also same periodical, vols. vii. 205-213; 
 xii. 218-225 ; xiv. 477-479. And see a notice of Mrs. Hall, 
 accompanied by a portrait, in Eraser's Mag., xv. 718; Lon. 
 Month Rev. for May, 1831 ; Lon. Athenaeum, 1842, p. 188. 
 
 Hall, Mrs. Sarah, 1761-1830, a lady of great virtues 
 and accomplishments, a native of Philadelphia, was a 
 daughter of the Rev. John Ewing, D.D., for many years 
 Provost of the University of Pennsylvania and Pastor of 
 the First Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia. In 1782 
 Miss Ewing was married to Mr. John Hall, of Maryland, 
 and after this event resided alternately in the latter State 
 and in Philadelphia, with the exception of four years 
 passed in Lamberton, New Jersey. Mrs. Hall is best 
 known as the author of Conversations on the Bible, of 
 which four edits, were pub. in this country and one or two 
 in London; 1st edit., 1818, ISmo. A 2d vol. was added 
 and ihe whole issued in 1821, 2 vols. ISmo ; 5th ed., 1837, 
 12mo, pp. 360. This volume has been highly commended: 
 
 " This work is written with that ease and simplicity which be 
 longs to true genius, and contains a fund of information which 
 could only have been collected by diligent research and mature 
 thought." PROFESSOR JOHN S. HART, of Philadelphia. 
 
 Mrs. Hall was a contributor to the Portfolio, of which 
 her son, John E. Hall, was for more than ten years the 
 editor; and her essays and criticisms pub. in that peri 
 odical 
 
 " May readily be distinguished, as well by their vivacity as the 
 classic purity of their diction." MRS. S. J. HALE. 
 
 A small vol., containing selections from her miscella 
 neous writings, was pub. in Philadelphia in 1833, r. ISmo, 
 by her son, Mr. Harrison Hall. This vol. contains a 
 sketch of her life, to which we must refer the reader for 
 further information respecting this accomplished woman, 
 brilliant writer, and devout Christian. See also Hart's 
 Female Prose Writers of America; Mrs. Bale's Records 
 of Women ; Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. 
 
 Four of Mrs. Hall's sons form the subjects of notices in 
 this Dictionary: 1. HARRISON HALL. 2. JUDGE JAMES 
 HALL. 3. JOHN E. HALL. 4. THOMAS MIPFLIN HALL. 
 
 Hall, Sidney. 1. General Atlas, 53 maps. New ed., 
 Lon., 1855, foL 
 
 " The best and most recent authorities are in all cases consulted, 
 and the maps are engraved in a masterly manner." Lon. New 
 Month. Mag. 
 
 2. County Atlas. New ed., 1846. 3. Travelling County 
 Atlas, 1851. 
 
 "The best we have seen for neatness, portability, and clever 
 engraving." Westminster Rev. 
 
 4. First or Elementary Atlas, 1849, 4to. Mr. Hall en- 
 
HAL 
 
 graved the maps of E. Quin's Historical Atlas, 4th ed. 
 1853, r. 4to. 
 
 Hall, Thomas, 1610-1665, a native of Worcester, a 
 Puritan divine, Curate of King's-Norton, pub. several 
 theolog. works and translations, and strictures on the cus 
 toms of the day, of which the following are among the 
 best known: 1. The Loathsomeness of Long Hair; with 
 an Appendix against Painting, Spots, Naked Backs and 
 Breasts, &c., Lon., 1654, 8vo. 2. Vindiciae Literarum, 
 1654, '55, 8vo. 3. Comment, on the 3d and 4th Chap, of 
 the 2d Epist. of Timothy, 1658, fol. 
 
 " Elaborate and judicious : the sum of nigh thirty years' study." 
 
 4. Fvnebria Florise; or, The Downfall of May-Games, &c., 
 1660, '61, 4to. 5. Comment, on Hosea xiii. 12-16. 6. Com 
 ment, on Matt. v. 14, 1660, 4to. 
 Hall, Thomas. Serms., 1742-59. 
 Hall, Thomas. Poems, 1792, Ac. 
 Hall, Thomas, M.D. Con. to Ann. of Med., 1799, 
 1800. 
 
 Hall, Thomas Mifflin, lost at sea in 1828, a son of 
 Mrs. Sarah Hall, and a brother of Harrison, James, and 
 John E. Hall, (see ante,) contributed a number of poetical 
 and scientific pieces to The Port-Folio. 
 
 Hall, Timothy, d. 1690, consecrated Bishop of Ox 
 ford, 1688. 1. Serm., 1684, 4to. 2. Serm., 1689, 4to. 
 Hall, W. Serm., in Catholick Serms., ii. 183. 
 Hall, W. J. 1. Doctrine of Purgatory, Lon., 1843, 8vo. 
 " This is a work of much ability, erudition, and clear arrange 
 ment, a most acute, able, and unsparing exposure of error." Lon. 
 Churchman's Rev. 
 
 2. Family Prayers, 1847, '48, 8vo. 
 Hall, Willard. Laws of Delaware to 1829, inclu 
 sive, Wilming., 1829, 8vo. 
 
 Hall, Wm. To find the Longitude, Lon., 1714, 8vo. 
 Hall, Wm. Halo of the Moon, Trans. Soc. Edin., 
 1796, and in Nich. Jour., 1799. 
 
 Hall, Wm. Costs at Law in Equity and Parl., Lon., 
 1828, 8vo. 
 
 Hall, Capt. Wm. H., R.N., and W. D. Bernard. 
 The Nemesis in China, comprising a Hist, of the War in 
 that country ; 3d ed., Lon., 1848, p. 8vo. 
 
 "Captain Hall's narrative of the services of the Nemesis is full 
 of interest, and will, we are sure, be valuable hereafter, as afford 
 ing most curious materials for the history of steam navigation." 
 Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 "This is the most important publication that has appeared 
 respecting our late contest with China." ion. Naval and Military 
 Gazette. 
 
 Hall, Wm. Henry, d. 1807, compiled an Encyclo 
 paedia, and was the author of several other works. 
 
 Hall, Wm. W., M.D., b. 1810, at Paris, Kentucky, 
 grad. at Centre Coll., 1830 ; received the degree of M.D. at 
 Transylvania Univ., 1836. 1. Treatise on Cholera, 8vo. 
 2. Bronchitis and Kindred Diseases, 8th ed., N. York, 
 1853, 8vo. Dr. Hall is the editor of the Journal of Health 
 which bears his name. 
 
 II all am, Arthur Henry, 1811-1833, a grandson of 
 Sir Abraham Elton, and a son of the distinguished author of 
 A View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, &c., 
 was born in London, graduated at Trin. Coll., Cambridge, 
 1832, entered the Middle Temple, and died in Germany in 
 September, 1833. An interesting biographical sketch of this 
 gifted young man, written by his father, is prefixed to The 
 Remains, in Verse and Prose, of Arthur Henry Hallam, 
 Lon., 1834. Privately printed. Mr. Hallam was betrothed 
 to a sister of the poet Tennyson, and the In Memoriam of 
 the latter is a dirge for the departed. See estimate of the 
 literary character of young Hallam in the North British 
 Review, xiv. 261 ; Lon. Gent. Mag., Oct. 1852 : 353 ; Black- 
 wood's Mag., xxxviii. 738. See also Lockhart's Life of 
 Scott for a specimen of young Hallam's poetical powers. 
 
 Hallam, Henry, LL.D., one of the most distin 
 guished of modern authors, was born about 1778, and was 
 educated at Eton and Oxford. After leaving college he 
 settled in London, which has ever since been his principal 
 place of residence. He was a valued friend of Sir Walter 
 Scott, and the two were engaged about the same time as 
 contributors to the Edinburgh Review. As a zealous co- 
 operator with William Wilberforce in the abolishment of 
 the Slave Trade, Mr. Hallam gained great and deserved 
 reputation. Mr. Hallam is a Foreign Associate of the 
 Institute of France. In 1830 he received one of the two 
 fifty-guinea gold medals instituted by George IV. for emi 
 nence in historical composition. The other was awarded 
 to our celebrated countryman, Washington Irving. Mr. 
 Hallam is the author of three groat works, either of'which 
 is of sufficient merit to confer upon the author literary 
 immortality. 
 
 HAL 
 
 1. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, 
 Lon., 1818, 2 vols. 4to; 10th ed., 1853, 3 vols. Svo; llth 
 ed., 1855, 3 vols. cr. Svo. In these edits, the Supple 
 mental Notes pub. in an octavo vol. in 1848 have been 
 incorporated with the original work, partly at the foot of 
 the pages, partly at the close of each chapter. 
 
 " It is the object of the present work to exhibit, in a series of 
 historical dissertations, a comprehensive survey of the chief cir 
 cumstances that can interest a philosophical inquirer during the 
 period usually denominated the Middle Ages. Such an under 
 taking must necessarily fell under the class of historical abridg 
 ments: yet there will perhaps be found enough to distinguish it 
 from such as have already appeared." See Preface to First Edition. 
 Mr. Hallam's View comprises the period from the middle 
 of the fifth to the end of the fifteenth century : from the 
 establishment of Clovis in Gaul to the invasion of Italy by 
 Charles the Eighth. 
 
 " It would be difficult to appreciate exactly the merits, and in 
 vidious to point out the defects, of the numerous precursors of Mr. 
 Hallam in this branch of historical investigation. It is sufficient 
 to remark that the plan of his work is more extensive than that 
 of our countryman, Dr. Itobertson, its arrangement more strictly 
 historical, its views more comprehensive, and its information more 
 copious and critical. Mr. Hallam appears to have bestowed much 
 time and reflection on his subject. ... To a familiar acquaintance 
 with the early chronicles and original histories of the Barbarians, 
 Mr. Hallam has added a diligent examination of their laws; and 
 wherever records throw their steady and certain light on the pro 
 gress of events, he has consulted them with care. But it is not 
 the labour and industry employed by Mr. Hallam in the composi 
 tion of this work, nor even the valuable and interesting informa 
 tion it contains, that constitute its chief or peculiar merit. It is 
 written throughout with a spirit of freedom and liberality that do 
 credit to the author. A firm but temperate love of liberty, an 
 enlightened but cautious philosophy, form its distinguished ex 
 cellence. We never find the author attempting to palliate injus 
 tice or excuse oppression : and whenever he treats of popular 
 rights, or pronounces on the contentions of subjects with their 
 sovereigns, we meet with a freedom and intrepidity of discussion 
 that remind us of better times. But, though a decided enemy to 
 the encroachments of arbitrary power, Mr. Hallam is no infatuated 
 admirer of antient turbulence nor blind apologist of popular ex 
 cesses. If, indeed, there is any quality of his work that merits 
 our unqualified approbation, it is the spirit of fairness and im 
 partiality that pervades the whole. We have sometimes found 
 him careless, and have sometimes thought him in the wrong ; but 
 we have not met with an uncandid misrepresentation, an ungene 
 rous sentiment, or a narrow-minded prejudice, in his book." 
 Edin. Rev., xxx. 140-172. 
 
 " Mr. Hallam has not made his work so much a regular history 
 as a characteristic portraiture of the times to which it refers. It 
 has not the sterile dryness of an abridgment, though it does not 
 possess the fertile copiousness of a circumstantial narrative: but 
 it is instructive, luminous, and animated; and it -may be perused 
 with profit as well as amusement." Lon. Month. Rev., Ixxxvii. 1- 
 14, 136-150. 
 
 " The most complete and highly-finished of his valuable works. 
 It is a series of finely-drawn historical sketches." N.Amer. Rev. 
 "An able and interesting performance, connected in a good 
 measure with our earlier history. . . . His work is a sort of intro 
 duction to the earlier histories of the ensuing countries, [France, 
 Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Germany,] and should be read with 
 promptitude and diligence by every one interested in such studies. 
 The notes are full of erudition." Dibdin's Lib. Gomp., ed. 1825. 
 
 " The State of Europe during the Middle Ages is full of in 
 formation for all who desire to be informed of the political and 
 social condition of those kingdoms and states which arose out of 
 the ruins and ashes of the empire of Rome. To show order 
 emerging from confusion, the decisions of law taking place of 
 those of violence and passion, and a line of defence raised to pro 
 tect the weak and the peaceable against the strong and the tyran 
 nous, was the task which Hallam assigned to himself; and he has 
 accomplished all he undertook." Allan Cunningham's Crit. and 
 Biog. Hist, of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Tears. 
 
 " All the subjects that have been glanced at in these earlier 
 lectures are there [in Hallam's work on the Middle Ages] tho 
 roughly considered by this author with all the patience of an 
 antiquarian and the spirit and sagacity of a philosopher: the 
 French history, the feudal system, the history of Italy, the 
 history of Spain, the history of Germany, of the Greeks and 
 Saracens, the history of ecclesiastical power, the constitutional 
 history of England, the Anglo-Saxon and the Anglo-Norman, 
 afterwards to the end of the civil wars between the Roses, with 
 a concluding dissertation on the state of society during the Middle 
 Ages. I should have been saved many a moment of fatigue, some 
 almost of despair, if these volumes had appeared before I began 
 my Lectures." Prof. Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist.: Lect. VIII. 
 
 " Mr. Hallam's View of the State of Europe during the Middle 
 Ages is indispensable to the historical student." -Warren's Law 
 Studies. 
 
 " A work of profound research, and displaying a free and vigor 
 ous spirit of inquiry and criticism." CHANCELLOR KENT. 
 
 "The learned author, in his View of the State of Europe during 
 the Middle Ages, investigates, with great ability, the origin and 
 progress of the English Constitution, commencing with the Anglo- 
 Saxons, and carried down to the extinction of the House of Plan- 
 tagenet. Vide vol. iii. chap. viii. His work entitled The Con 
 stitutional History of England from the accession of Henry VII. 
 to the death of George II. is the sequel of that history through 
 a much more important period ; the whole of which forms a more 
 thorough, learned, and impartial view of the subject than is else- 
 ; where to be found. These two works ought to be in every law 
 yer's library, and merit to be studied, not merely read." Hoffman' t 
 I Leg. Stu. 
 
HAL 
 
 " Notwithstanding the interesting character of the Aragonese 
 Constitution, and the amplitude of materials for its history, the 
 subject has been hitherto neglected, as far as I am aware, by con 
 tinental writers. Robertson and Hallam, more especially the latter, 
 have given such a view of its prominent features to the English 
 reader, as must, I fear, deprive the sketch which I have attempted, 
 in a great degree, of novelty." WM. H. PRESCOTT : Ferdinand and 
 Isabella, llth ed.; Introduc. to vol. i. 124. 
 
 " Do you know Hallam ? Of course, I need not ask you if you 
 have read his Middle Ages ? It is an admirable work, full of re 
 search, and does Hallam honour. I know no one capable of having 
 written it, except him; for, admitting that a writer could be found 
 who could bring to the task his knowledge and talents, it would 
 be difficult to find one who united to these his research, patience, 
 and perspicuity of style. The reflections of Hallam are at once just 
 and profound, his language well chosen and impressive. I remem 
 ber being struck with a passage, where, touching on the Venetians, 
 he says, ' Too blind to avert danger, too cowardly to withstand it, 
 the most ancient government of Europe made not an instant's 
 resistance. The peasants of Underwald died upon their moun 
 tains ; the nobles of Venice clung only to their lives.' This is the 
 style in which history ought to be written, if it is wished to im 
 press it on the memory." LORD BYRON : Lady Slessington's Con 
 versations with Lord B. 
 
 2. The Constitutional History of England, from the Ac 
 cession of Henry VII. to the Death of George II., 1827, 
 2 vols. 4to j 7th ed., 1854, 3 vols. 8vo ; 8th ed., 1855, 3 vols. 
 cr. 8vo. 
 
 Lord Brougham falls into an error, in commenting on 
 the principal theme discussed in this work, hardly to be 
 expected from one who has devoted so much attention to 
 its subject-matter. His lordship assigns as one of his 
 principal reasons for entering at large, in his Political 
 Philosophy, into the earlier stages of the British Con 
 stitution, Mr. Hallam's having commenced his work with 
 the reign of Henry VII. : 
 
 " His treatise, and that of Lord John Russell, have one great 
 defect in common : they begin with the Tudors. Now, it is quite 
 undeniable that the foundations of our constitution were laid 
 many centuries before the fifteenth ; nor can any one hope tho 
 roughly to comprehend it who has not gone back to the earlier 
 times. I have never been able to understand why those able and 
 learned authors have both begun with Henry VII." 
 
 But had his lordship not forgotten Chapter VIII. of The 
 Middle Ages ? See Mr. Warren's correction of this grave 
 error, Law Studies, 2d ed., 269, 270. 
 
 In his disquisitions into the theology, the politics, and 
 the learning of the Middle Ages, Mr. Hallam was not 
 likely to provoke any other criticism than that which was 
 connected with the subjects discussed without reference to 
 prejudice or party feeling. But he could not write The 
 Constitutional History of England without soon proving 
 to himself and to the world that he was walking upon 
 ashes under which the fire was not extinguished : 
 
 " Incedens per ignes 
 
 Suppositos cineri doloso." HOR. : Od. II., i. 7. 
 Mr. Southey, in a review extending over no less than 
 sixty-six pages, rated the historian in no gentle terms for 
 his real or alleged offences against historic veracity. We 
 have room for a brief extract only : 
 
 " The book is the production of a decided partisan ; presenting 
 not the history itself, but what is called the philosophy of history, 
 and to be received with the more suspicion, because it deals in 
 deductions and not in details. There are many ways in which 
 history may be rendered insidious ; but there is no other way by 
 which an author can, with so much apparent good faith, mislead 
 his readers. . . . 
 
 'Untothee 
 
 Let thine own times like an old story be,' 
 
 is the advice which Donne gives to him who would derive wisdom 
 from the course of passing events. A writer of contemporary his 
 tory could take no better motto. Mr. Hallam has proceeded upon 
 a system precisely the reverse of this; and carried into the history 
 of the past, not merely the maxims of his own age, as infallible 
 laws by which all former actions are to be tried, but the spirit and 
 the feeling of the party to which he has attached himself, its acri 
 mony and its arrogance, its injustice and its ill-temper." Lon 
 Quar. Rev., xxxvii. 194-260. 
 
 It is to this review that Wilberforce refers, when he 
 says: 
 
 " Southey, a bitter critic, and works Hallam with great acute- 
 ness and force." 
 
 But audi alteram partem. The critique from which we 
 have just quoted was published in January, 1828, and in 
 the September following there appeared a paper of great 
 brilliancy and power with its political merits or demerits 
 we have here no concern in the Edinburgh Review, the 
 production of one who has since himself gained a great 
 name in the walks of History. It will be seen that his 
 estimate of Mr. Hallam's honesty as a historian is very 
 different from that recorded by Mr. Southey : 
 
 " Mr. Hallam is, on the whole, far better qualified than any other 
 writer of our time for the office which he has undertaken. He has 
 great industry and great acuteness. His knowledge is extensive, 
 various, and profound. His mind is equally distinguished by the 
 amplitude of its grasp, and by the delicacy of its tact. His specu 
 lations have none of that vagueness which is the common fault of 
 
 HAL 
 
 political philosophy. On the contrary, they are strikingly practical. 
 Chey teach us not only the general rule, but the mode of applying 
 it to solve particular cases. In this respect they often remind us 
 
 of the Discourses of Machiavelli His work is eminently judicial. 
 
 [ts whole spirit is that of the bench, not that of the bar. He sums 
 up with a calm, steady, impartiality, turning neither to the right 
 nor to the left, glossing over nothing, exaggerating nothing, while 
 ;he advocates on both sides are alternately biting their lips to hear 
 their conflicting mis-statements and sophisms exposed. On a 
 general survey we do not scruple to pronounce the Constitutional 
 History to be the most impartial book that we ever read." T. B. 
 MACAULAY : Edin. Rev., xlviii. 96-169. 
 
 The following testimony to the same effect, from a very 
 eminent authority, should not be omitted in this con 
 nexion : 
 
 Mr. Hallam's Constitutional History of England I must ear 
 nestly recommend, for it is a work of great research, great ability, 
 great impartiality, often of very manly eloquence; the work of an 
 enlightened lawyer, an accomplished scholar, and a steady assertor 
 of the best interests of mankind. It is a source of great satisfac 
 tion to me that such a work exists, for every page is full of state 
 ments and opinions on every topic and character of consequence 
 since the reign of Henry the Seventh; and these sentiments and 
 opinions are so learned and well reasoned, that I am quite gratified 
 to think that the student can now never want a guide and an in 
 structor worthy to conduct and counsel him in his constitutional 
 inquiries. Mr. Hallam is, indeed, a stern and severe critic, and the 
 student may be allowed to love and honour many of our patriots, 
 statesmen, and divines, in a more warm and unqualified manner 
 than does Mr. Hallam; but the perfect calmness of Mr. Hallam's 
 temperament makes his standard of moral and political virtue 
 high, and the fitter on that account to be presented to youthful 
 minds. 
 
 There are objectionable passages, and even strange passages, 
 more particularly in the notes; but they are of no consequence in 
 a work of so vast a range, and of so much merit. And Mr. Hallam 
 may have given offence, which could never have been his inten 
 tion, to some good men, to whom their establishments are natu 
 rally so dear ; but I see not how this was to be avoided, if he was 
 to render equal justice to all persons and parties, all sects and 
 churches, in their turn, and if he was to do his duty, as he has 
 nobly done, to the civil and religious liberties of his country." 
 Prof. Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist., 1828. 
 
 A great historian of our own country pays the following 
 high compliment to Mr. Hallam's treatment of one of the 
 principal characters of his History : 
 
 ; The unprejudiced reader may perhaps agree that the balance 
 of this great queen's [Elizabeth] good and bad qualities is held 
 with a more steady and impartial hand by Mr. Hallam than any 
 preceding writer." WM. H. PRESCOTT : Ferdinand and Isabella, llth 
 ed., iii. 201. 
 
 The value of Mr. Hallam's work to the legal student 
 need hardly be enlarged upon ; but here we shall adduce 
 an authority which will be more valued than our own : 
 
 ! No one can understand or appreciate this admirable work, who 
 has not, before entering upon it, become familiar with at least the 
 leading events of English history; and no one has made any sen 
 sible advances towards the enviable character of a sound constitu 
 tional lawyer, who is not thoroughly familiar with the work. Not 
 that it is altogether free from error ; but where is to be found any 
 other political author exhibiting such a rare union of candour, 
 learning, and sagacity, as characterizes this bold and independent 
 writer?" Warren's Law Studies, 2d ed., 268, 269. 
 
 See Allan Cunningham's Crit. and Biog. Hist, of the 
 Lit. of the Last Fifty Years. 
 
 3. Introduction to the Literature of Europe, in Fifteenth, 
 Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Centuries, 1837-39, 4 vols. 8vo; 
 4th ed., 1854, 3 vols. 8vo ; 5th ed., 1855-56, 3 vols. cr. 8vo. 
 In the 4th ed. the text was revised, and such errors as the 
 author discovered were removed. The few additional notes 
 are distinguished by the dates of the publications of the 
 different edits, in the years 1842, '47, and '53. 
 
 " The advantages of such a synoptical view of literature as dis 
 plays its various departments in their simultaneous condition 
 through an extensive period, and in their mutual dependency, 
 seem to manifest to be disputed." Preface. 
 
 Mr. Hallam then proceeds to give a rapid sketch of the 
 bibliography of Literary History. 
 
 "The most important single volume that it has for some years 
 been our duty to comment on. By this specimen [vol. i.] Mr. Hal 
 lam will confirm the solid and substantial reputation which he had 
 already gained with all the sound and mature judges of literary 
 excellence. By his completion of the work with the same care and 
 in the same spirit, he will enable English literature to boast of the 
 first full, impartial, and general view of the simultaneous progress 
 of letters in every part of Europe." ion. Quar. Rev., Iviii. 29-60; 
 ascribed to Southey, but incorrectly. 
 
 Mr. Prescott, noticing the fact that the English have 
 made but slender contributions to the history of foreign 
 literature, remarks : 
 
 "The deficiency, indeed, is likely to be supplied, to a certain ex 
 tent, by the work of Mr. Hallam, now in progress of publication; 
 the first volume of which the only one which has yet issued from 
 the press gives evidence of the same curious erudition, acuteness, 
 honest impartiality, and energy of diction, which distinguish the 
 other writings of this eminent scholar. But the extent of his 
 work, limited to four volumes, precludes any thing more than a 
 survey of the most prominent features of the vast subject which 
 he has undertaken." Review of Chateaubriand's Eng. Lit., N. A. 
 Rev., Oct. 1839. 
 
 We quote a few notices of the whole work : 
 
HAL 
 
 "The most important contribution to literary history which 
 English libraries have received for many years. . . . That his work 
 will be popular we can hardly predict We have already sug 
 gested some defects, to our apprehension, which will materially 
 impede its present success. To these must be added a dry and 
 austere style, uniformly clear, indeed, and English, but sometimes 
 chastised to a degree of tameness, sometimes, though not often, 
 laboriously figurative, and loaded with rather heavy ornament. 
 But most assuredly the reader who does not employ it merely to 
 fill up the leisure of a few hours, but consults it for guidance, and 
 refers to its authority, will never use it without an augmented 
 sense of its value, and respect for its author. He will be struck 
 with the modest simplicity with which its stores of very extensive 
 erudition are displayed. He will be struck with an honesty, even 
 in the mere conduct of the work, rarely found in publications pre 
 tending to any thing like the same amount of research." Edin. 
 Rev., Ixxii. 194-226. 
 
 " The subject which he has now treated is one of more general 
 interest than those discussed in his previous publications ; and as 
 the work was known to embody the labors of many years, it was 
 received with curiosity and respect, and is likely to establish for 
 him a wide and enduring reputation. . . . We close with the ex 
 pression of gratitude to him for undertaking an important and 
 difficult task, and of respect for the ability, learning, and taste 
 with which it is executed." FRANCIS BOWEN: N. Amer. Rev., Ivi. 
 44-89. 
 
 " This is a production of the greatest value, and distinguished, 
 like his other work, [on the Middle Ages,] for research, judgment, 
 taste, and elegance." CHANCELLOR KENT. See Blackwood's Mag., 
 xli. 614; xlix. 150. 
 
 No writer can traverse so wide a field of inquiry with 
 out offending somebody ; and Bishop Monk, the biographer 
 of Bentley, to quote his own language, felt himself " ag 
 grieved" by a criticism of Mr. Hallam's on his (the bishop's) 
 notice of Le Clerc. The correspondence between his lord 
 ship and Mr. Hallam on this matter will be found in the 
 London Gent. Mag., 1844, Pt. 2, 157-160. A vol. entitled 
 Literary Essays and Characters; selected from an Intro 
 duction to the Literature of Modern Europe, was pub. in 
 London, 1852, 12mo. 
 
 We have now quoted a number of testimonies to the 
 value of Mr. Hallam's Literary History ; but we should 
 display a strange insensibility did we omit to add our 
 hearty concurrence in the highest commendation which 
 we have recorded. Undoubtedly many of the most bril 
 liant gems of criticism of which our own gallery the work 
 now in the reader's hands can boast, will be found cre 
 dited to the distinguished scholar whose name stands at 
 the head of this article. But, desirous of concluding, as 
 we commenced and have continued, by offering higher 
 tribute than our own to the merits of this eminent writer, 
 and preserving the rule established in our Critical Court 
 of citing the most competent testimony in each case which 
 should be presented for judgment, we shall now adduce 
 the evidence of the historian of Modern Europe, and that 
 of the author of Ferdinand and Isabella, in favour of the 
 annalist of the Middle Ages, the Literature of Europe, and 
 the enstitutional History of England : 
 
 "The cold academic style of Robertson may suit the compara 
 tive calmness of the eighteenth century, but the fervour and ani 
 mation of its close communicated itself to the historical works of 
 the next. HALLAM was the first historian whose style gave token 
 of the coming change ; his works mark the transition from one age 
 and style of literature to another. In extent and variety of learn 
 ing, and a deep acquaintance with antiquarian lore, the historian 
 of the Middle Ages may deservedly take a place with the most emi 
 nent writers in that style that Europe has produced ; but his style 
 is more imaginative than those of his laborious predecessors, and 
 a fervent eloquence or poetic expression often reveals the ardour 
 which the heart-stirring events of his time had communicated to 
 his disposition." SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON : Hist, of Europe, 1815- 
 52, chap. v. 
 
 " The most eminent illustrations of the system of historical writ 
 ing which we have been discussing that have appeared in Eng 
 land in the present century are the works of Mr. Hallam, in which 
 the author, discarding most of the circumstances that go to make 
 up mere narrative, endeavours to fix the attention of the reader 
 on the more important features of constitutional policy, employ 
 ing his wide range of materials in strict subordination to this pur 
 pose." WM. H. PRESCOTT : N. Amer. Rev., October, 1829. 
 
 The following little piece of pleasantry of Sydney Smith's 
 can hardly fail to provoke a smile from the amiable reader : 
 " In his voyage up the Rhine, Campbell met on the steamboat 
 the historian of the Middle Ages. Hallam is a most excellent 
 man, said the poet, in one of his letters; 'of great acuteness, and 
 of immense research in reading. I believe him to have neither 
 gall nor bitterness; and yet he is a perfect boa-contradictor ! . . . 
 His powers of study are like those of the scholars of the Alexan 
 drian Academy, whose viscera were alleged to be made of brass. 
 He baits Sydney Smith himself with his provoking accuracy as to 
 matters of fact. Smith once said to me, If Hallam were in the 
 midst of a full assembly of scientific men, and if Euclid were to 
 enter the room with his Elements under his arm, and were to say, 
 Gentlemen, I suppose no one present doubts the truth of the 
 Forty-fifth Proposition of my First Book of Elements, Mr. Hallam 
 would say, Yes, I have my doubts.' 
 
 Hallam, Robert A., D.D., Rector of St. James's 
 Church, New London, Conn. Lects. on the Morning 
 Prayer, Phila., 1856, 12mo. Highly commended 
 770 
 
 HAL 
 
 Hallaran,Wm.S.,M.D. Insanity,<S;c.,Cork.lS10,8vo. 
 
 Hallaway, John. Anatomy, Lon., 1565, 4to. 
 
 Halle, H. Fraser. Exact Philosophy, Lon., 1848, 
 p. 8vo. 
 
 " A valuable treatise on philosophic reasoning." 
 
 Halleck, Fitz- Greene, an eminent American poet, 
 b. at Guilford, Connecticut, in August, 1795, entered a 
 banking-house in New York in 1813, and resided in that 
 city, engaged in mercantile and kindred pursuits, until 
 1849, when he returned to his native town in Connecticut, 
 where he now resides. For many years he acted as con 
 fidential agent for John Jacob Astor. Mr. Halleck com 
 menced contributing to the papers of the day at an early 
 age, and, when settled in New York, soon became an as 
 sociate of the wits of the town, comprising the " mob of 
 gentlemen who wrote with ease." In 1819 he made the 
 acquaintance of Joseph Rodman Drake, who was so much 
 pleased with his new friend that he admitted him into 
 partnership in the composition of the Croker Papers, pub. 
 in the New York Evening Post, 1819. The history of 
 these sprightly sallies has been already referred to in our 
 notice of the senior partner of this literary firm. The 
 death of his chosen friend and literary colleague was 
 mourned by Halleck in those exquisitely beautiful lines 
 " Green be the turf above thee, 
 Friend of my better days!" &c. 
 
 In 1821 Mr. Halleck pub. his longest poem, Fanny, a 
 satire upon the literature and politics of the time, in the 
 measure of Don Juan. In 1822 and '23 the author 
 visited Europe ; and it is to the reflections engendered by 
 his travels that we are indebted for the poems on Burns 
 and Alnwick Castle, which, with Marco Bozzaris and some 
 other pieces, were pub. in a vol. in 1827. Another edit, 
 of his poems appeared in 1836; a third, with illustrations, 
 in 1847; and a fourth, with additions to the poem Con 
 necticut, in 1852. The table of contents runs as follows : 
 1. Alnwick Castle. 2. Marco Bozzaris. 3. Burns. 4. Wyo 
 ming. 5. On the Death of Joseph Rodman Drake. 6. 
 Twilight. 7. Psalm CXXXII. 8. To * * * *. 9. The Field 
 of the Grounded Arms. 10. Red Jacket. 11. Love. 12. A 
 Sketch. 13. Domestic Happiness. 14. Magdalen. 15. 
 From the Italian. 16. Translations from the German of 
 Goethe. 17. Woman. 18. A Poet's Daughter. 19. Con 
 necticut. 20. Music. 21. On the Death of Lieut. Allen. 
 22. Fanny. 23. The Recorder. 
 
 Epistles, &c. : 1. To Walter Browne, Esq. 2. To * * * *. 
 3. A Fragment. 4. Song by Miss .... 5. Song for the 
 Drama of the Spy. 6. Address at the Opening of a New 
 Theatre. 7. The Rhyme of the Ancient Coaster. 8. Lines 
 to her who can understand them. 9. Extracts from an 
 Unpublished Poem. 10. Notes. 
 
 When we state that the thirty-two pieces above enume 
 rated are all contained in a single 12mo vol., in large 
 print, comprising but about 4000 lines, the point of the 
 regret so often expressed, that one who can write so well 
 should write so little, will be immediately understood. It 
 is certainly not from want of public appreciation that Mr. 
 Halleck so seldom strikes a lyre from which he evokes 
 such " eloquent music," for few American poets have been 
 so highly lauded by critics, few so often read and ardently 
 admired in the social circles of the land. The narrowness 
 of our limits is continually restricting the exercise of our 
 inclination in the way of quotations ; but we are not wil 
 ling to pass by the name of this graceful and elegant 
 yet at the same time animated and energetic poet, without 
 a few lines of comment : 
 
 " There is in his compositions an essential pervading grace, a 
 natural brilliancy of wit, a freedom yet refinement of sentiment, 
 a sparkling flow of fancy, and a power of personification combined 
 with such high and careful finish, and such exquisite nicety of 
 taste, that the larger part of them must be regarded as models 
 almost faultless in the classes to which they belong." Griswold's 
 Pods and Poetry of America. 
 
 11 The poems of Fitz-Greene Halleck, although limited in quan 
 tity, are perhaps the best-known and most cherished, especially in 
 the latitude of New York, of all American verses The school 
 boy and the old Knickerbocker both know them by heart. In his 
 serious poems, he belongs to the same school as Campbell; and in 
 his lighter pieces reminds us of Beppo and the best parts of Don 
 Juan. Fanny, conceived in the latter vein, has the point of a fine 
 local satire gracefully executed. Burns, and the lines on the death 
 of Drake, have the beautiful impressiveness of the hisrhest elegiac 
 verse. Marco Bozzaris is perhaps the best martial lyric in the 
 language; Red Jacket the most effective Indian portrait; and 
 Twilight an apt piece of contemplative verse; while Almvick Castle 
 combines his grave and gay style with inimitable art and admirable 
 effect." Henry T. Tuckerman's Sketch of American Literature. 
 
 An exquisite American poet, a most unexceptionable 
 judge in the premises, ably justifies Mr. Halleck in those 
 rhythmical inequalities which have sometimes been cen 
 sured as inartistic and ungraceful. We give a brief extract : 
 
HAL 
 
 "He is familiar with those general rules and principles which 
 are the basis of metrical harmony; and his own unerring taste 
 has taught him the exceptions which a proper attention to variety 
 demands. He understands that the rivulet is made musical by 
 obstructions in its channel. In no poet can be found passages 
 which flow with more sweet and liquid smoothness ; but he knows 
 very well that to make this smoothness perceived, and to prevent 
 it from degenerating into monotony, occasional roughness must 
 be interposed." WILLIAM CCLLEN BRYANT. 
 
 " It may be said of his compositions, as it can be affirmed of few 
 American verses, that they have a real innate harmony, some 
 thing not dependent on the number of syllables in each line, or 
 capable of being dissected out into feet, but growing in them, as 
 it were, and created by the fine ear of the writer. Their senti 
 ments, too, are exalted and ennobling; eminently genial and 
 honest, they stamp the author for a good man and true, Nature's 
 aristocracy." Eraser's Magazine. 
 
 For further particulars respecting this delightful writer 
 and his productions we must refer the reader to the works 
 above cited; also to Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. ; Poe's 
 Literati ; Miss Mitford's Recollections of a Literary Life ; 
 Whipple's Essays and Reviews ; H. B. Wallace's Literary 
 Criticisms, 60-63 ; New Englander, i. 153 ; South. Lit. 
 Messenger, ii. 326 ; viii. 242 ; Amer. Quar. Rev., xxi. 399 ; 
 Knickerbocker, xxvi. 553 ; U. States Lit. Mess., vi. 8 ; In 
 ternational Mag., i. 166 j iii. 433, 434. 
 
 The late Mr. Rogers was an ardent admirer of Mr. Hal- 
 leek's poetry, and paid a glowing tribute to his genius in 
 a letter to Washington Irving, read by the latter at a lite 
 rary dinner in New York in 1837. 
 
 New and complete editions of Mr. Halleck's Poems were 
 pub. in 1858, by Messrs. Appleton, of N.Y., in 1 vol. 12mo, 
 and also 1 vol. 8vo, illustrated. 
 
 Halleck, Lt. H. W. Elements of Military Art and 
 Science, N. York, 1846, 12mo. 
 
 1 1 al let, Dr. Aurora Borealis ; Phil. Trans., 1726. 
 Hallet, Joseph, Jr., 1692-1744, an Arian divine, 
 pub. answers to the deistical arguments of Chubb, Woolston 
 and Morgan, see Leland's Deistical Writers, and several 
 other works, of which the best-known are 3 vols., 1729 
 '32, '36, on the Study of the Holy Scriptures, &c. 
 
 " Whether the reader shall agree or differ with Hallet in many 
 of the views which are stated and defended in these volumes, he 
 will not deny their author the praise of deep learning, patient re 
 search, and originality of mind." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Hallett, Robert. Use of Tobacco-Water in pre 
 serving Fruit-Crops, by destroying Insects, &c. ; Nic. Jour. 
 1808. 
 
 Halley, Edmund, LL.D., 1656-1742, an eminen 
 mathematician and astronomer, a native of Haggerston 
 Shoreditch, London, was educated at St. Paul's School 
 and at Queen's College, Oxford. In 1703 he was appointee 
 Savilian Professor of Geometry at Oxford, and in 1719 
 succeeded Flamsteed as Astronomer Royal. In 1676 he 
 pub. his first paper in the Phil. Trans, on the Orbits of the 
 Primary Planets ; in 1679 he pub. his Catalogue of the 
 Southern Stars ; and in 1683 he gave to the world, through 
 the medium of the Phil. Trans., his Theory of the Varia 
 tion of the Magnetical Compass. In the years 1698-1701 
 he sailed along the coasts of Africa, America, <fcc., in orde 
 to test the variation of the needle in different parts of th 
 world. For a detailed account of his life and publica 
 tions, upon astronomy, mathematics, nat. philos., Ac. 
 we must refer the reader to Biog. Brit. ; Birch's Life of 
 Tillotson ; Whiston's Life ; Athen. Oxon. ; Thompson's 
 Hist, of the Royal Society j Watt's Bibl. Brit, ; an article 
 by Sir David Brewster in Rich's Cyc. of Univ. Biog. The 
 Rev. J. S. Rigaud pub., in 1844, A Defence of Edmund 
 Halley against the Charge of Religious Infidelity: see 
 NEWTON, SIR ISAAC, p. 1418. Halley excelled in many 
 departments of learning and scientific research : 
 
 " While we thought the eulogium of an astronomer, a naturalist, 
 a scholar, and a philosopher, comprehended pur whole subject, we 
 have been insensibly surprised with the history of an excellent 
 mariner, an illustrious traveller, an able engineer, and almost a 
 statesman." M. MAIRAN : filoge upon Halley, 1742. 
 Halley, George. Serins., 1689, '91, '98, all 4to. 
 Halley, Robert, D.D. 1. Lects. on the Sacraments : 
 I. Baptism, Lon., 1844, 8vo ; II. The Lord's Supper, 1851, 
 '53, 8vo. 
 
 " To those who should wish to see Cardinal Wiseman's discourses 
 on this subject refuted in a most masterly manner, we recommend 
 Dr. Halley's volume." Lon. Watchman. 
 
 2. Reply to the Rev. C. Stovel on Baptism, 1844, 8vo. 
 Halliday, Sir Andrew, M.D., d. 1840, pub. several 
 professional and other works, for a list of which, and a 
 biographical notice of the author, see Lon. Gent. Mag., 
 January, 1840. See also Watt's Bibl. Brit. We notice 
 the following: 1. Memoir of the Campaign of 1815, Paris, 
 1816, 8vo. 2. A Genealogical Hist, of the House of Guelph, 
 Lon., 1820, 4to. A fragment upon this subject was found 
 
 HAL 
 
 ,mong the papers of Gibbon, the historian. 3. Annals of 
 he House of Brunswick, 18.26, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. Annals of 
 he House of Hanover, 1826, 2 vols. r. 8vo. 5. The West 
 ndies, 1837, 8vo. 
 
 "Of modest pretensions, but replete with interesting and instruct- 
 ve information." Lon. Athenaeum, 1837 : 242. 
 
 Halliday, John. Arithmetic, Lon., 1749, 8vo. 
 
 Hallifax, Dr. Euclid, Oxon., 1685, 8vo. 
 
 Hallifax, Charles. 1. Familiar Letters, 1753. 2. Mis 
 cellanies in Prose and Verse, 8vo. 
 
 Hallifax, James, Rector of Cheddington, Bucks, and 
 Vicar of Ewell, Surrey. Serms., 1756-71. 
 
 Hallifax, Samuel, D.D., LL.D., 1733-1790, a native 
 of Mansfield, Derbyshire ; educated at Jesus Coll., Camb., 
 and Trinity Hall; Rector of Cheddington, Bucks, 1765; 
 Prof, of Arabic, Univ. Camb., 1768 ; Regius Prof, of Civil 
 Law, 1770; Rector of Warsop, 1778 ; Bishop of Gloucester, 
 1781 ; trans, to St. Asaph, 1787. 1. Analysis of the Roman 
 Civil Law, Lon., 1774, '75, 8vo ; Camb., 1795, 8vo. New 
 ed., by J. W. Geldart, 1836, 8vo. See Warren's Law Stu 
 dies. 2. 12 Serms. on Prophecies, 1776, 8vo. See Brit. Grit, 
 0. S., xxvii. 653. Bp. H. pub. a number of other serms. 
 
 Hallifax, Wm., D.D. Serm., 1701, 4td. 
 
 Hallifax. See HALIFAX. 
 
 Halliwell, James Orchard, an eminent English 
 archaeologist, b. 1821, author and editor of many valuable 
 works, principally illustrative of past ages, and exhibiting 
 extensive learning and laborious research. Many of Mr. 
 Halliwell's volumes were privately printed, and in some 
 cases only 10 to 25 copies were struck off. 1. Acct. of 
 Popular Tracts in Capt. Cox's Library, Lon., 1849, 8vo. 
 2. Acct. of the MSS. in Chetham Library, 1842. 3. Acct. 
 of the only known MS. of Shakespeare's Plays, 1843, 8vo. 
 
 4. Ancient Inventories of English Furniture, &c., 1854, 4to. 
 
 5. Ancient MSS. in the Public Library, Plymouth, 4to. 
 
 6. Ancient Systems of Notation, 1854, 4to. 7. A Neat 
 Boke about Shakespeare, Ac., 1851, 4to. 8. Archaeologist : 
 Journal of Antiquarian Science, 8vo. 9. Antiquities, <fcc. 
 illustrating the Life and Works of Shakespeare, 4to. 
 10. Cat. of the Contents of the Codex Holbrookianus, 1840, 
 8vo. 11. Cat. of Proclamations, Broadsides, Ballads, and 
 Poems, presented to the Chetham Library by J. 0. Halli 
 well, 1851, 4to. 12. Character of Sir John Falstaff, 1841, 
 12mo. 13. Collection of Pieces in the Dialect of Zummerset, 
 1843, p. 8vo. 14. Contrib. to Early Eng. Lit., 4to. 15. Diet, 
 of Archaic and Provincial Words, 3d ed., 1855, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 16. Early Hist, of Free-Masonry in England, 2d ed., 1844, 
 p. 8vo. 17. Foundation Document of Merton Coll., Oxf., 
 by John Heywood, 1843, 8vo. 18. Garland of Shakespe- 
 riana recently added to the Library of J. 0. H. 19. Gros- 
 teste's Castle of Love, 4to. 20. Hist. Coll. Jesu Cantab. ; a 
 J. Shermanno, &c., 8vo. 21. Hist. Sketch of the Provincial 
 Dialects of England, 1847, 8vo. 22. Illustrations of the 
 Hist, of Prices, 4to. 23. Introduc. to Shakespeare's Mid 
 summer's Night Dream, 1842, 8vo. 24. Jokes of the Cam 
 bridge Coffee-Houses in the 17th Cent., 1842, 18mo. 
 25. Letters of the Kings of England, 2d ed., 1848, 2 vols. 
 p. 8vo. 26. Letters on Scientific Subjects temp. Eliz. to 
 Charles II., 8vo. 27. Life of William Shakespeare, 1848, 
 8vo. 28. Life of Sir Samuel Morland, 8vo. 29. Lit. of 
 the 16th and 17th Cents. 30. Merry Tales of the Wise 
 Men of Gotham, 1840, p. 8vo. 31. Morte Arthure, from 
 the Lincoln MS., 4to. 32. MS. Rarities in Cambridge 
 Univ., 8vo. 33. Norfolk Anthology, 4to. 34. Nugse Po- 
 eticae : Select Pieces of Old English Poetry, 1844, 12mo. 
 
 35. Nursery Rhymes of England, 5th ed.j 1854, p. 8vo. 
 
 36. Palatine Anthology, 4to. 37. Poetry of Witchcraft, 
 4to. 38. Popular Rhymes and Nursery Tales, 1849, 12mo, 
 39. Rara Mathematica, 2d ed., 1839, 12mo. 40. Reliquiae 
 Antiquae, 2 vols. Svo; in conjunction with Mr. Thomas 
 Wright. 41. Shakesperiana : Cat. of the early edits, of 
 Shakespeare's Plays, <fec., 1841, Svo. 42. Shakespeare 
 Forgeries at Bridgewater House, 4to. 43. Shakespeare 
 Reliques in the possession of J. 0. H., 4to. 44. Sir John 
 Maundeville's Voiage and Travaile. 45. Sydneian Litera 
 ture in the Library of J. 0. H., 1854, 4to. 46. The Con 
 nexion of Wales with the Early Science of England, Svo. 
 47. The First Sketches of the Second and Third Parts of 
 K. Henry VI. 48. The Harrowing of Hell, 1840, Svo. 
 
 49. Theolog. MSS. in the Library of J. 0. H., 1854, 4to. 
 
 50. The Vernon MSS., 1848, Svo. 51. Torrent, of Portugal, 
 1842, p. 8vo. 52. Two Essays on Numerical Calculation, 
 &c., 1839, Svo. 53. Unique Ed. of Sir P. Sydney's Ar 
 cadia, 1854, 4to. 54. Yorkshire Anthology, 4to. 
 
 We have many testimonies before us to the merits of 
 Mr. Halliwell's productions, but want of space compels us 
 reluctantly to omit them. 
 
 771 
 
HAL 
 
 HAM 
 
 The above list exhibits evidence of no ordinary literary 
 industry; but the magnum opus of Mr. Halliwell remains 
 to be mentioned. This is a grand edition of The Works 
 of William Shakespeare, with a new collation of the early 
 editions, all the original novels and tales on which the 
 plays are founded ; copious archaeological illustrations to 
 each play ; and a life of the Poet. This magnificent work 
 is to be completed in 20 folio vols., of which 5 have ap 
 peared, (1856,) at a cost of 63. It was at first settled that 
 the cost would be 2 2s. each vol., or 42 in all, but it was 
 subsequently advanced to 63. The edition is limited to 
 150 copies. The illustrations are to be by, and under the 
 care of, Mr. F. W. Fairholt. This will be indeed the 
 noblest monument to the memory of the illustrious bard. 
 See Lon. Gent. Mag., April, 1855, 392; June, 1855, 554. 
 
 Hallock, Rev. Wm. A. Life and Labours of the 
 Kev. Justin Edwards, D.D., N. York, 1856, 12mo. 
 
 Halloran, O'. See O'HALLORAN. 
 
 Hallo way, Benjamin. Remarks on Dr. Sharp's 
 pieces on the words Elohim and Berith, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Halls, Robert, M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 1795. 
 
 Hallward, John. Serm., Lon., 1775, 8vo. 
 
 Hallywell, Henry, Vicar of Cowfold, pub. several 
 theolog. works, of which the best-known is one on witches, 
 entitled Melampronvea, Ac., Lon., 1681, 8vo. See Lon. 
 Retrosp. Rev., v. 87-136 : 1822. 
 
 Halpin, Rev. John Nicholas, 1790-1851, was the 
 author of some works on Shakspeare, Spenser, theological 
 subjects, Ac., 1811-50. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Aug. 1851. 
 
 Halstead, Robert, a fictitious name under which 
 Henry, second Earl of Peterborough, pub. a work drawn 
 up by himself and his chaplain, entitled Succinct Genealo 
 gies of the noble and ancient Houses of Alno, or De Alneto, 
 Broc of Shephale, Ac., Lon., 1685, fol. See full title and 
 collation in Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 862. Only 24 copies 
 were printed: a copy has been sold for 100. 
 
 Halsted, Caroline Amelia, d. 1851, an authoress 
 of some distinction. 1. Life of Margaret Beaufort, Coun 
 tess of Richmond and Derby, Lon., 1839, '45, 8vo. 2. Obli 
 gations of Literature to Mothers of England, (Gresham 
 Prize Essay,) 1840, p. 8vo. 3. Investigation, 3d ed., 1846, 
 fp. 8vo. 4. Life of Richard III., 1844, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " We consider Miss Halsted's work as one of the most interesting 
 and able pieces of history which has ever been presented to the 
 world. The research which it manifests is most extensive ; the 
 arrangement clear and lucid ; the style always animated and pic 
 turesque. Many new lights are thrown on the career of Richard, 
 many new facts elicited, and the injustice of four centuries vindi 
 cated by this intrepid and indefatigable champion of historical 
 truth." Lon. Metropolitan Magazine. 
 
 " Miss Halsted deserves great credit for her laborious attempt to 
 vindicate Richard's character, and for the patient care with which 
 she has sought out and marshalled her authorities." Lon. Athe- 
 
 In this history Miss Halsted concurs with Sir George 
 Buc, who, as Wood says, 
 
 "Doth make King Richard III. an admirable man, and not at 
 all that man that other histories make him to be." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 To these advocates for Richard's character must be 
 added Horace Walpole and Sharon Turner. 
 
 Halsted, Peter. Two Serms., Lon., 1794, 8vo. 
 
 Halsted, Wm. 1. Rep. of Cases in Supreme Ct. of N. 
 Jersey, 1821-32, Trenton, 1823-31, 7 vols. 8vo. 2. Index to 
 the Decis. of the Superior Cts. of N. Jersey, 1843-44, 8vo. 
 
 Halsy, James. Serm., Ac., Lon., 1676-78. 
 
 Halward, John. Serm., Lon., 1774, 8vo. 
 
 Haly, Capt. Aylmer, of the King's (own) Infantry. 
 Military Observations, Lon., 1801, 8vo. 
 
 Haly, Wm. W. See TROUBAT, FRANCIS J. 
 
 Haly burto n, Thomas, 1674-1712, a divine of the 
 Church of Scotland, a native of Duplin, near Perth ; mi 
 nister of the parish of Ceres, 1700 ; Prof, of Divinity in 
 the Univ. of St. Andrew's, 1710. 1. Natural Religion In 
 sufficient, Ac., Edin., 1714, 4to; 1798, 8vo. An ed., with 
 Introduc. by Rev. David Young, 12mo. 
 
 "It contains a very able examination of the writings of Lord 
 Herbert, and demolishes to the ground the strongholds of the 
 enemies of Revelation." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 "{S^* of great solidity and worth." Dr. E. Williams'* C. P. 
 Ibis elaborate performance." Lelantfs Deistical Writers, q. v. 
 
 2. Memoirs of his Life. Continued by James Watson, 
 Edin., 1715, 8vo. With a Pref. by Dr. Isaac Watts, Lon., 
 1718, 8vo. 
 
 Specially valuable for a minister." BickersteWs C. S. 
 
 3. The Great Concern of Salvation, Edin., 1722, 8vo. 
 Still highly esteemed. 4. Ten serms. on the Lord's Sup 
 per, 1722, 8vo. 5. His Works, with an Essay on his Life 
 and Writings by Robert Burns, D.D., Lon., 1835, 8vo. 
 
 "No Christian's, and especially no Scottish clergy man's, library 
 should be without a copy." Scottish Guardian. 
 " He was a man of great piety, bright natural parts, studious 
 
 learning, and uncommon penetration and judgment." DR. ISAAC 
 WATTS. See his Memoirs. 
 
 Halyburton, Wm. Georgics, Edin., 1782, 8vo. 
 
 Ham, Robert. Visit. Serm., Lon., 1713, 8vo. 
 
 Hambletoii, John. Serms. on the 53d of Isaiah, 
 The Beatitudes, Ac., Lon. 1831, 8vo. 
 
 " Truly scriptural in their character." Lon. Chris. Observ. 
 
 Other serms. and theolog. works. 
 
 Hamel, Felix John. The Laws of the Customs, 
 Lon., 1854, r. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Hamel's work evinces a thorough intimacy with the learn 
 ing of Revenue Law." Leg. Observer. 
 
 Hamersley, Rich. Advice to Sunday Barbers 
 against Trimming on the Lord's Day, Lon., 1706, 8vo. 
 
 Hamey, Baldwin. De Juramento Medicorum, 
 Lon., 1693, 4to. 
 
 Hamilton, Marquis of. Declaration and Vindica 
 tion of Himself, 1638, 4to. 
 
 Hamilton, Lady. Secret Hist, of the Court of Eng 
 land from the Accession of George III. to the Death of 
 George IV., 1832, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "The only genuine secret history of the period, written by the 
 sister of the late Duke of Hamilton. It abounds in most inte 
 resting sketches of the notabilities of Carlton House and the Pa 
 vilion, and admits the reader at once behind the scenes relative 
 to the transactions with Queen Caroline, the Countess of Jersey, 
 Sir Sidney Smith, Ac." 
 
 Hamilton, Mrs. Housekeeping-Book, Lon., 1853, 
 '55, 8vo. 
 
 " Some very sensible advice to young housekeepers is prefixed." 
 Lon. Spectator. 
 
 Hamilton, A. Serms., Edin., 1696, 12mo. 
 
 Hamilton, Miss A. Novels, 1806-11. 
 
 Hamilton, A. G. New Key to unlock every King 
 dom, State, and Province in the known world, 12mo. 
 . "Any person possessing the matter that this small volume con 
 tains may pass through the world as a clever man." Edin. Rev. 
 
 Hamilton, Captain Alexander. A New Account 
 of the East Indies, Edin., 1727, 2 vols. 8vo; Lon., 1744, 
 2 vols. 8vo. Also in vol. viii. of Pinkerton's Collection 
 of Voyages and Travels. Capt. H. gives the results of 
 thirty years' observations in these parts. 
 
 "One of the best of the earlier accounts of India." McCullocli's 
 Lit. of Polit. Econ. 
 
 Hamilton, Major-General Alexander, 1757- 
 1804, one of the most distinguished of the soldiers and 
 statesmen of the American Revolution, was born in the 
 island of Nevis, of which his mother was a native, 
 his father being a Scotchman. At the age of fifteen 
 he was entered as a private student in King's (now 
 Columbia) College. When only seventeen, he pub. a 
 series of admirable essays on the Rights of the Colonies ; 
 before he was nineteen, he entered the Revolutionary 
 army as a captain of artillery; in 1777 he became aide- 
 de-camp to General Washington, with the rank of lieu 
 tenant-colonel; in 1780 he was married to the second 
 daughter of General Schuyler, who survived her husband 
 half a century ; in 1782 he was elected a member of Con 
 gress from the State of New York; in 1786 he was chosen 
 a member of the Legislature of New York ; in 1787 he 
 was a delegate to the Convention which framed the Con 
 stitution of the United States : in 1788 he pub., in con 
 junction with Madison and Jay, the celebrated essays 
 entitled The Federalist ; in the same year he was a mem 
 ber of the State Convention of New York, summoned to 
 ratify the Constitution proposed for the United States ; in 
 1789 he became Secretary of the Treasury; in 1795 he 
 applied himself to the practice of the law in the city of 
 New York ; in 1798 he was, at Washington's request, ap 
 pointed second in command of the provisional army, 
 summoned to repel an apprehended invasion of the French; 
 on the death of Washington, in 1799, he succeeded to the 
 chief command of the army; on the disbanding of the 
 army he returned to private life, and practised at the Bar 
 until 1804, when, on the 12th of June, his life was termi 
 nated by a wound received the day preceding in a duel 
 with Colonel Aaron Burr. 
 
 He was a man of extraordinary intellectual capacity, 
 and of great firmness and energy of character; and to 
 no one, with the exception of the illustrious Washington, 
 are the people of the United States more deeply indebted 
 for the republican freedom which they now enjoy. His 
 political essays abound with choice specimens of argumen 
 tative rhetoric and logical precision. An edit, of his works, 
 comprising Official Reports, The Federalist,^Ac., was pub. 
 in 1810, 3 vols. sm. 8vo. His Official and "other Papers, 
 edited by Francis L. Hawks, D.D., appeared in 1842, 8vo ; 
 and in 1851 a carefully-prepared edit, of his Works, pub. 
 from the original MSS. in the Department of State, and 
 edited by his son, John C. Hamilton, was issued in 7 vols. 
 
HAM 
 
 HAM 
 
 8vo. The edit, of 1810, 3 vols. sm. 8vo, must accompany 
 this last edit., as the former contains matter not to be 
 found in the latter. Memoirs of his Life were pub. by his 
 son, John 0. Hamilton, in 2 vols. 8vo, 1834-40 ; and Mr. 
 Coleman pub. in 1804, 8vo, a Collection of the Facts and 
 Documents relative to the death of Major-General Alex 
 ander Hamilton. In Mr. John C. Hamilton's History of 
 the Republic, &c., vol. i., 1858, 8vo, will be found a sketch 
 of Hamilton's career. This vol. has been severely criti 
 cized. The best-known of his works are the papers en 
 titled The Federalist, a collection of Essays on the Ame 
 rican Constitution, pub. in 1788, under the signature of 
 "Publius," in the interval between the publication and 
 the adoption of the Constitution, and designed to explain 
 its merits to the people at large. There are eighty-five 
 of these political essays, and their authorship is distributed 
 as follows : 
 
 By Alexander Hamilton : Nos. 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 
 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 
 35, 36, 59, 60, 61, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 
 77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85. Fifty- one Nos. 
 
 By James Madison : Nos. 10, 14, 18, 19, 20, 37, 38, 39, 
 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 
 57, 58, 62, 63. Twenty-nine Nos. 
 
 By John Jay : Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 64. Five Nos. 
 
 These celebrated essays have elicited enthusiastic com 
 mendation on both sides of the water ; and indeed it would 
 be difficult to exaggerate the merits of The Federalist : 
 
 " It ought to be familiar to the statesmen of every nation." DE 
 TOCQUEVILLE. 
 
 " A work which exhibits an extent and precision of information, 
 a profundity of research, and an acuteness of understanding, 
 which would have done honour to the most illustrious statesmen 
 of antient or modern times." Edin. Rev., xii. 471 : Review of HMr 
 house on Amendment of American Constitution. 
 
 " The whole of the letters combined present to us a masterly 
 commentary on the American Constitution, which ought to be 
 placed by the side of Blackstone in the library of every English 
 man." Lon. Month. Rev., cxii. 518: Review of the Federalist. 
 ^ " It is a work, altogether, which, for comprehensiveness of de 
 sign, strength, clearness and simplicity, has no parallel we do 
 not even except or overlook those of Montesquieu and Aristotle 
 among the political writings of men." Blackwood's Mag., xvii. 56 : 
 American Writers, No. 4. 
 
 " No constitution of government ever received a more masterly 
 and successful vindication. I know not, indeed, of any work on 
 the principles of free government that is to be compared, in in 
 struction and intrinsic value, to this small and unpretending 
 volume of the Federalist ; not even if we resort to Aristotle, Cicero, 
 Machiavel, Montesquieu, Milton, Locke, or Burke. It is equally 
 admirable in the depth of its wisdom, the comprehensiveness of 
 its views, the sagacity of its reflections, and the fearlessness, pa 
 triotism, candour, simplicity, and elegance, with which its truths 
 are uttered and recommended. Mr. Justice Story acted wisely in 
 making the Federalist the basis of his Commentary." CHANCELLOR 
 KENT: Com. on Amer. Law, ed. 1854, i. 256, 257. 
 
 We shall now proceed to quote some testimonies to the 
 merits of Hamilton ' exclusively, although, indeed, by far 
 the larger share of each of the eulogies cited above be 
 longs by right to him : 
 
 " It was from him that the Federalist derived the weight and 
 the power which commanded the careful attention of the country, 
 and carried conviction to the great body of intelligent men in all 
 parts of the Union." GEORGE TICKNOR CURTIS : Hist, of the Constit. 
 of the U. States, 1854, vol. i. 417. Read Mr. Curtis's observations 
 on the edits, of the Federalist. 
 
 " His are easily distinguished by their superior comprehensive 
 ness, practicalness, originality, and condensed and polished dic 
 tion.''^. W. GRISWOLD : Life of Hamilton, in The Prose Writers of 
 America. 
 
 But to proceed with our promised quotations : 
 
 "Hamilton must be classed among the men who have best 
 known the vital principles and fundamental conditions of a 
 government, not of a government such as this, (France,) but of a 
 government worthy of its mission and of its name. There is not 
 in the constitution of the United States an element of order, of 
 force, or of duration, which he has not powerfully contributed to 
 introduce into it and caused to predominate." GuizoFs Character 
 and Influence of Washington. 
 
 "Of Hamilton, in an especial manner, I admire your warm and 
 characteristic eulogy. I have always believed that his title to re 
 nown was as great as you have portrayed it. I never knew him ; 
 but I have deemed him a giant among his contemporaries, of whom 
 it might truly be said, toto vertice supra est." Judge Story to 
 Chancellor Kent, Dec. 22, 1836 : Life and Letters of Judge Story, H.25S. 
 
 " The model of eloquence and the most fascinating of orators. 
 With all his failings, he possessed a high and ennobled spirit, and 
 acquired an influence from his overwhelming talents which death 
 alone swept away." JUDGE STORY : Letter to Mrs. Story, Feb. 7, 
 1810: Life and Letters, i. 196. 
 
 In the letter from which we have just quoted, Judge 
 Story refers to an interview which he had with Mrs. 
 Hamilton, General Hamilton's widow, in the city of 
 Washington, and the melancholy feelings thereby excited. 
 The death of Hamilton is indeed a sad theme, and nothing 
 can be said in vindication of the fatal step which was the 
 cause of his untimely removal from patriotic usefulness 
 
 and unbounded honours. How long shall the "public 
 opinion" of fools, bravoes, and cowards for of these de 
 graded classes nine-tenths of your duellists and theii 
 apologists are composed have power to terrify such 
 noble characters as Alexander Hamilton into open and 
 impious defiance of the laws of God and man ? Yet it is 
 no small satisfaction to know that he deeply regretted his 
 error, and sought reconciliation with his Maker with 
 "unfeigned humiliation and a trembling hope." Imme 
 diately before participating in that solemn rite by which 
 the Church reminds the departing believer of the effectual 
 atonement once offered for the sins of men, he declared : 
 
 " I have a tender reliance on the mercy of the Almighty through 
 the merits of the Lord Jesus Christ." 
 
 He was a careful student of the oracles of Divine Reve 
 lation ; and, as the author of this Dictionary was assured 
 by his respected widow, his Bible still retains the pencilled 
 indications of the interest excited in his mind by the pe 
 rusal of particular passages of the Scriptures. 
 
 But we do not feel willing to leave the contemplation 
 of his memory without some further quotations to the emi 
 nent abilities of this illustrious man : 
 
 " The name of Hamilton would have honoured Greece in the age 
 of Aristides. May Heaven, the guardian of our liberty, grant that 
 our country may be fruitful of Hamiltons, and faithful to their 
 glory. . . . Virtue so rare, so pure, so bold, by its very purity and 
 excellence inspired suspicion as a prodigy. His enemies judged 
 of him by themselves ; so splendid and arduous were his services, 
 they could not find it in their hearts to believe that they were 
 disinterested." FISHER AMES : Sketch of the Character of Alexander 
 Hamilton, 1804. 
 
 In the following sentence Ames is thought to have 
 admirably expressed the public virtues and social attrac 
 tions of Hamilton : 
 
 " It is not as Apollo, enchanting the shepherds with his lyre, 
 that we deplore him ; it is as Hercules, treacherously slain in the 
 midst of his unfinished labours, leaving the world overrun with 
 monsters." 
 
 " Melancholy, most melancholy news for America the prema 
 ture death of her greatest man, Major-General Hamilton ! . . . His 
 most stupendous talents, which set him above rivalship, and his 
 integrity, with which intrigue had not the hardihood to tamper, 
 held him up as the nation's hope and as the terror of the unprin 
 cipled." REV. DR. JOHN M. MASON : Letter to a Friend in Scotland, 
 Aug. 11, 1804. And see his Eulogy on Hamilton before the Society 
 of the Cincinnati, in New York. 
 
 "Writing to a European correspondent who had taken some 
 exceptions to portions of this Oration in honour of Hamilton, Dr. 
 Mason remarks as follows in defence of the high position which 
 he had ascribed to the soldier-statesman of the Revolution: 
 
 " ' It is very natural that readers on your side of the water should 
 suspect the eulogism to be overcharged. So do some among our 
 selves ; but not one who knew him. I knew him well, and I assure 
 you that what I have said is sober, literal truth. Such a human 
 being I never saw, and probably never shall see in this world.' 
 
 "In another letter, soon after the calamity of Hamilton's death, 
 he writes : 
 
 " ' The greatest statesman in the Western World, perhaps the 
 greatest man of the age, has been cut off in the 48th year of his 
 age by the murderous arm of Vice-President Burr. The death of 
 Major-General Alexander Hamilton has created a waste in the 
 sphere of intellect and probity which a century will hardly fill up. 
 He has left none like him : no second, no third, nobody to put us 
 in mind of him. You can have no conception of such a man un 
 less you knew him.' 
 
 " That the Eulogy of Hamilton as pronounced by Dr. Mason 
 was not exaggerated in its admiring portraiture is the testimony 
 of a judicial mind like that of John Marshall. In acknowledging 
 the receipt of a copy of Dr. M.'s oration, that pure-minded jurist 
 wrote as follows : 
 
 " ' I lament sincerely the loss of the great man whose character 
 you have drawn so well. While I truly deplore his fate, I may be 
 permitted to indulge a hope that it may have some tendency to 
 cast odium on a practice which deserves every censure you have 
 bestowed upon it.' " 
 
 Dr. Mason was engaged for a number of years in pre 
 paring materials for a life of Hamilton, but never com 
 pleted his design. See Van Vechten's Life of Dr. Mason, 
 N. York, 1856. 
 
 The marvellous effects of the genius of Hamilton, when 
 applied to the disordered finances of the young American 
 republic, exhibit one of the most remarkable evidences of 
 his pre-eminent abilities : 
 
 "At the time when our government was organized we were 
 without funds, though not without resources. To call them into 
 action and establish order in the finances, Washington sought for 
 splendid talents, for extensive information, and, above all, he 
 sought for sterling, incorruptible integrity. All these he found 
 in Hamilton." GOUVERNEUR MORRIS: Funeral Oration by the dead 
 body of Hamilton. 
 
 " He smote the rock of the national resources, and abundant 
 streams of revenue gushed forth. He touched the dead corpse of 
 the Public Credit, and it sprung upon its feet. The fabled birth 
 of Minerva from the brain of Jove was hardly more sudden or 
 more perfect than the financial system of the United States as it 
 burst forth from the conception of Alexander Hamilton." DANIEL 
 WEBSTER : Speech at a Public Dinner in New York, Feb. 1831. 
 
 The vital energy thus infused into the financial system 
 of the United States by Hamilton did not expire with the 
 
 773 
 
HAM 
 
 HAM 
 
 source frm which it drew its life. So far from this is the 
 truth, that, to quote the language of Mr. Gallatin, Secre 
 taries of the Treasury have since enjoyed a sinecure, the 
 genius and labours of Hamilton having created and ar 
 ranged every thing that was necessary for the perfect and 
 easy discharge of their duties. Indeed, the rapidity with 
 which Hamilton planned, digested, and executed his de 
 signs, was one of his most striking peculiarities : 
 
 "He was capable of intense and effectual application, as is 
 abundantly proved by his public labours. But he had a rapidity 
 and clearness of conception in which he may not have been 
 equalled. One who knew his habits of study said of him, that 
 when he had a serious object to accomplish his practice was to re 
 flect on it previously ; and, when he had gone through this labour, 
 he retired to sleep, without regard to the hour of night, and, hav 
 ing slept six or seven hours, he rose, and, having taken strong 
 coffee, seated himself at his table, where he would remain six, 
 seven, or eight hours ; and the product of his rapid pen required 
 little correction for the press." WILLIAM SULLIVAN: Sketch of 
 Hamilton, from the Familiar Letters. 
 
 "Where, among all the speculative philosophers in political 
 science whom the world has seen, shall we find a man of greater 
 acuteness of intellect, or more capable of devising a scheme of go 
 vernment which should appear theoretically perfect ? Yet Hamil 
 ton's unquestionable genius for political disquisition and con 
 struction was directed and restrained by a noble generosity, and 
 an unerring perception of the practicable and the expedient, 
 which enabled him to serve mankind without attempting to force 
 them to his own plans, and without compelling them into his own 
 views." GEORGE TICKNOE CURTIS : Hist, of the Amer. Cbnstit., 1854, 
 vol. i. 387, 3S8. 
 
 "Among all the remarkable men of the Revolution, we know of 
 no one who, for the attributes which usually mark genius, was 
 more distinguished. He was endowed with a singularly compre 
 hensive mind, which enabled him to originate forms of govern 
 ment and systems of administration, whilst he united with it an 
 intrepidity and an energy equal to the task of putting them in 
 execution." CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS : .ZV. Amer. Rev. } liii. 70 : Re 
 view of the Madison Papers. 
 
 "In Hamilton's death the Federalists and the country expe 
 rienced a loss second only to that of Washington. Hamilton pos 
 sessed the same rare and lofty qualities, the same just balance of 
 soul, with less, indeed, of Washington's severe simplicity and 
 awe-inspiring presence, but with more of warmth, variety, orna 
 ment, and grace. If the Doric in architecture may be taken as 
 the symbol of Washington's character, Hamilton's belonged to the 
 same grand style as developed in the Corinthian, if less impres 
 sive, more winning. If we add Jay for the Ionic, we have a trio 
 not to be matched, in fact not to be approached, in our history, if 
 indeed in any other. Of earth-born Titans, as terrible as great, 
 now angels, and now toads and serpents, there are everywhere 
 enough. Of the serene and benign sons of the celestial gods, how 
 few at any time have walked the earth!" RICHARD HILDRETH: 
 Hist, of the U. States. 
 
 " Next to Washington stands the name of Hamilton on the roll 
 of American fame and in its demands on the gratitude of his 
 country. We, at least, have grown gray in that faith, and the 
 events of every succeeding day serve but to confirm our early and 
 unchanged creed. The working of the political institutions of our 
 country, whether for good or evil, has never ceased to indicate a 
 prophetic mind in Hamilton." FRANCIS L. HAWKS, D.D. : JV. York 
 Review, viii. 121 : Review of John G. Hamilton's Life of Alexander 
 Hamilton. 
 
 Read this eloquent sketch of the public character of 
 Hamilton. See also Amer. Quar. Rev., xv. 311; Walsh's 
 Ann. Rev., i. 201 ; ii. 1 ; Dem. Rev., xi. 142 ; Chris. Ex 
 am., xxix. 243 ; McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ. 
 
 The conjunction thus presented of the names of Wash 
 ington and Hamilton affords us an opportunity of quoting 
 the glowing tribute of the latter to the merits of his illus 
 trious friend and compatriot : 
 
 " When the decease of the illustrious and beloved commander- 
 in-chief in 1799 was officially announced to the army of the United 
 States by General Hamilton, who of all his honoured and trusted 
 associates stood highest, I think, in the affections and confidence 
 of the chief, it was truly said by him in his general orders, that ' the 
 voice of praise would in vain endeavour to exalt a name unrivalled 
 in the lists of true glory.' " EDWARD EVERETT : Oration on Wash 
 ington, delivered in many of the principal cities of the Union in 1856. 
 
 But we have already far transcended the limits which 
 we had assigned for the extent of this article. Yet we 
 feel unwilling to conclude without gratifying the reader 
 by quoting for his benefit the following letter from Mr. 
 George Ticknor, of Boston, the distinguished author of 
 the History of Spanish Literature, to Mr. George Ticknor 
 Curtis, the author of the History of the Constitution of 
 the United States : 
 
 "While these sheets are passing through the press, Mr. Ticknor 
 writes to me as follows: 'One day in January, 1819, talking with 
 Prince Talleyrand in Paris, about his visit to America, he ex 
 pressed the highest admiration of Mr. Hamilton, saying, among 
 other things, that he had known nearly all the marked men of 
 his time, but that he had never known one, on the whole equal 
 
 v him -i, J T* 8 m u U( i b sur P ri . 8ed * nd Stifled with the remark; 
 but still, feeling that, as an American, I was in some sort a party 
 concerned by patriotism in the compliment, I answered, with a 
 little reserve, that the great military commanders and the great 
 statesmen of Europe had dealt with larger masses and wider in 
 terests than he had. "Mais, monsieur," the Prince instantly 
 replied, " Hamilton avait devin& 1'Europe.'"" 
 774 
 
 Hamilton, Alexander, M.D., Prof, of Midwifery in 
 the Univ. of Edin., pub. several works on Midwifery, Fe 
 male Complaints, Ac., 1775-92. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Hamilton, Andrew, Rector of Kilskerrie. Actions 
 of the Iniskilling Men, 1688, Ac., Lon., 1690, 4to. 
 
 Hamilton, Andrew. Taxation, 1790, '93, 4to. 
 
 Hamilton, Count Anthony, d. at St. Germain's, 
 1720, aged 74, a native of Ireland, of an ancient Scotch 
 family, followed both Charles II. and James I. into exile. 
 He was distinguished as a wit, a man of fashion, and an 
 author. He wrote 1. Memoires du Compte de Grammont, 
 1713, 12mo. 2. Le Belier ; Conte, 1749, 4to. 3. Les Quatres 
 Facardins et Zeneide; Contes, 1749, 12mo. 4. Histoire 
 de Fleur d'Epine ; Conte, 1749, 12mo. There have been, 
 several edits, of the Memoirs of Grammont, and of the 
 collected works of the author. 
 
 " The best edition of Hamilton's Works (of course including 
 these Memoirs) is by Renouard, in 1812, 4 vols. 8\o."I>ibdin's 
 Lib. Oomp., q. v. ; and see also, for an account of edits., Lowndes's 
 Bibl. Man., and Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 The edit, of the Memoirs of Grammont, in English, pub. 
 in 1811, 2 vols. 8vo, with 64 portraits, and notes by Sir 
 Walter Scott, is highly valued. The Eastern Tales of 
 Grammont were intended to ridicule the passion which 
 prevailed at the time for marvellous fictions : 
 
 " It is possible that Count Anthony Hamilton may have written 
 those tales which nave made him famous before the end of the 
 century, though they were published after. But these, with many 
 admirable strokes of wit and invention, have too forced a tone in 
 both these qualities; the labour is too evident, and, thrown away 
 on such trifling, excites something like contempt ; they are written 
 for an exclusive coterie, not for the world; and the world in all 
 such cases will sooner or later take its revenge. Yet Hamilton's 
 Tales are incomparably superior to what followed." Hallam's Lit. 
 Hist, of Europe. 
 
 The Memoirs of Grammont are now much better known 
 than the Tales. 
 
 " The Memoirs of Grammont, by Anthony Hamilton, scarcely 
 challenge a place as historical, but we are now looking more at the 
 style than the intrinsic importance of books. Every one is aware 
 of the peculiar felicity and fescinating gaiety which they display." 
 HALLAM : ubi supra. 
 
 "The artist to which we owe the most highly-finished and 
 vividly-coloured picture of the English Court in the days when 
 the English Court was gayest." T. B. MACAULAY : Hist, of Una- 
 land, vol. iv., 1856. 
 
 " A classic work, the delight of every man and woman of taste." 
 GIBBON. 
 
 Mr. Gibbon forgets to tell us what kind of taste he refers 
 to : his own was not always unimpeachable. Dr. Dibdin's 
 comment upon this volume should not be omitted in this 
 connexion : 
 
 " One hardly knows wherefore, but the leaves of this book are 
 turned over by hands and perused by eyes which are forbidden to 
 be exercised on other books of comparatively less mischief. It 
 may indeed be called, in too many instances, a privileged volume 
 of systematic profligacy." Lib. Comp. 
 
 A new ed. of the Memoirs was pub. in 1846, 12mo ; and a 
 new ed. of the Fairy Tales, in 1849, sq., (Bohn's Lib. ;) trans, 
 from the French by M. Lewis, H. T. Ryde, and C. Kenny. 
 
 " These tales appear to us cumbrous and entangled, their satire 
 insipid, and their meaning rather unmeaning. Measured against 
 Voltaire's philosophical stories, or Dean Swift's bitter caricatures, 
 they are pigmies indeed ; and their popularity with him who loved 
 to quote them [Horace Walpole] is but another proof of the factitious 
 value with which genius can invest that which is essentially me 
 diocre at once giving to trifles the importance and turning them 
 to the use of treasures." ion. Athenatum, 1849, p. 953 : notice of 
 the ed. of 1849. 
 
 Hamilton, Anthony, D.D. Serm., 1787, 4to. 
 
 Hamilton, Archibald. Theolog. treatises, Paris, 
 1577-81. 
 
 Hamilton, Lord Archibald. Answer to articles 
 against him (Lon., 1717, 8vo) as Gov. of Jamaica, Lon., 
 1718, 8vo. 
 
 Hamilton, Archibald, M.D. Med. Con. to Ess. 
 Phys. and Lit., 1756. 
 
 Hamilton, Lord Archibald, M.P. 1. Thoughts on 
 the Administrations, Lon., 1804, 8vo. 2. Speech, 1819. 
 
 Hamilton, Hon. Charles. Descrip. of a Clepsydra 
 or Water Clock ; Phil. Trans., 1746. 
 
 Hamilton, Charles, Captain E. I. Co., d. 1792. 
 
 1. The Patriot; a Trag., Lon., 1784, 8vo. 2. Hist, of the 
 Rokilla Afghans, 1787, 8vo. 3. Trans, of the Hedaya, or 
 Guide; a Comment, on the Mussulman Laws, 1791, 4 vols. 
 4to. A valuable work. 
 
 Hamilton, Charles. Transactions during the Reign 
 
 of Q. Anne from the Union to her death, Edin., 1790, 8vo. 
 
 Hamilton, David. 1. Christianity, Lon., 1697, 8vo. 
 
 2. Revelation, 1701, 8vo. 
 
 Hamilton, Sir David. Military Fever; in Latin, 
 Lon., 1710, 8vo; in English, 1730, 8vo. 
 
 Hamilton, Elizabeth, 1758-1816, asister of Captain 
 Charles Hamilton, gained considerable reputation as an 
 
HAM 
 
 HAM 
 
 authoress. The following are her principal works : 1. Let 
 ters of a Hindoo Rajah, Lon., 1796, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Me 
 moirs of Modern Philosophers, Bath, 1800, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 3. Letters on Education, Lon., 1801-02, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. Life 
 of Agrippina, Bath, 1804, 3 vols. 8vo. 5. Letters on the 
 Moral and Religious Principle, 1806, 2 vols. 8vo. 6. The 
 Cottagers of Glenburnie, Edin., 1808, 8vo. 
 
 "A picture of the rural habits of Scotland, of striking and im 
 pressive fidelity." SIR WALTER SCOTT. 
 
 We have not met with any thing nearly so good as this, since 
 we read the Castle Rackrent and the Popular Tales of Miss Edge- 
 worth. This contains as admirable a picture of the Scottish pea 
 santry as those do of the Irish ; and rivals them not only in the 
 general truth of the delineations, and in the cheerfulness and 
 practical good sense of the lessons they convey, but in the nice 
 iiscrimination of national character, and the skill with which a 
 dramatic representation of humble life is saved from caricature 
 and absurdity." LORD JEFFREY : Edin. Rev., xii. 401-410. 
 
 This tale has had a most beneficial influence upon 
 domestic economy in Scotland. 
 
 7. Rules of the Annuity Fund, 1808, 4to. 8. Exercises 
 in Religious Knowledge, 1809, 12mo. 9. Popular Essays, 
 1813, 2 vols. 8vo. 10. Hints to the Patrons and Directors 
 of Schools, 1815, 12mo. 11. The 46th No. of The Lounger, 
 1785. There have been new edits, of this lady's writ 
 ings. 
 
 " Elizabeth Hamilton, like Madame D'Arblay, paints the passing 
 events, the fleeting manners, and changing condition of social life ; 
 but then her pictures are taken from the shepherd's hut and the 
 husbandman's hovel, and, amid much that is now past and gone, 
 show not a little of a fixed and permanent nature." ALLAN CCN- 
 NINGHAM : Biog. and Orit. Hist, of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years. 
 
 The Memoirs of Elizabeth Hamilton, with a Selection 
 from her Correspondence and other unpublished writings, 
 were pub. by Miss Benger in 1818, 2 vols. 8vo, and a bio 
 graphical account of her will be found in Mrs. Elwood's 
 Literary Ladies of England. 
 
 Hamilton, Miss Eliza Mary. Poems on several 
 Occasions, Lon., 1838, 12mo. 
 
 " Such poetry as this will always be read as the faithful record 
 of the moments in which it was conceived. It is tinged with the 
 very hue of phantasy, and tells of feeling that never is felt but 
 by the poet." Dubl. Univ. Mag., xii. 237. 
 
 Hamilton, Emma. Novels, 1810-13. 
 
 Hamilton, Franc. De Sanctorum Invocatione et 
 Imaginibus, Wirceb., 1596, 4to. 
 
 Hamilton, Francis. See BUCHANAN. 
 
 Hamilton, Gavin, an eminent painter, who died in 
 1797, at Rome, where he had resided nearly the whole of 
 his life, was a native of Lanark. Schola Italica Picturae : 
 the Italian School of Painting: with 40 splendid plates, 
 Lon., 1773, large fol. 
 
 "Done in an elegant and masterly style." Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 See Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent 
 Scotsmen, 1855, vol. ii. ; and see also Blackwood's Mag., 
 ii. 313; xxiii. 673; xxv. 711. 
 
 Hamilton, George. A Voyage round the World, 
 by Capt. Edwards, in 1780-82, Lon., 1793, Svo; Berwick, 
 1793, 8vo. 
 
 Hamilton, George. Epistle from the Marquis de la 
 Fayette to General Washington, Edin., 1800, 12mo. 
 
 Hamilton, George. Art of Drawing, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Hamilton, George, Rector of Killermogh. 1. Intro- 
 due, to the Study of the Hebrew Scriptures, <fec., 1813, 8vo : 
 Dubl., 1814, 8vo. 
 
 "Contains much important and original information in'a very 
 condensed and perspicuous state." Orme's Bibl. Sib. 
 
 "Its general execution is highly creditable to the author's 
 industry and judgment, and we cheerfully recommend it to that 
 class of students for whose use it was chiefly designed." Lon. 
 .Eclectic Review, N. S., i. 503. 
 
 2. Codex Criticus of the Hebrew Bible, 1821, Svo. 
 
 " Will partially supply the place of Kennicott and De Rossi, as 
 the most valuable of the various readings in these extensive works 
 are given." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " A desideratum in Sacred Literature which Mr. Hamilton's 
 work is an able and successful attempt to supply." Home's Bibl. 
 Bib. 
 
 And see Lon. Eclec. Review, N. S., xviii. 319. 
 
 3. On the R. Catholic English Bible. 4. Ditto, both 
 Dubl., 1826, Svo. See Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Hamilton, Hans, D.D. Two Serms., Lon., 1818, Svo. 
 
 Hamilton, Hugh, D.D., 1729-1805, an eminent 
 mathematician, a native of the county of Dublin ; Fellow 
 of Trin. Coll., Dublin; Dean of Ardagh, 1768; Bishop of 
 Clonfert, 1796; trans, to Ossory, 1799. He pub. some 
 mathemat. and theolog. works, which were collected and 
 pub. by his son Alexander, Lon., 1809, 2 vols. Svo. He 
 contributed a paper on Mechanic Powers to Phil. Trans., 
 1763, and one on Alkaline Salts, <fcc. to Trans. Irish Acad., 
 1792. See Life prefixed to his works. 
 
 Hamilton, J. A. Instructions for the Pianoforte, Lon. 
 
 " This, among the many musical introductions, is one of the 
 
 most useful. Altogether, we have rarely seen a treatise of the kind 
 which we can more heartily approve." Lon. Athen., Dec. 16, 1848. 
 
 Other musical works. 
 
 Hamilton, Col. J* P. Travels through the Inte 
 rior Provinces of Colombia, Lon., 1827, 2 vols. cr. Svo. 
 
 " His style is the familiar, easy chit-chat of an old acquaintance; 
 the gossip of a good-natured military man, who has seen enough 
 of battle and turmoil to despise all meaner hardships." ion. 
 Month. Rev. 
 
 Hamilton, James, Duke of, 1606-1649, a zealous 
 supporter of Charles II., was beheaded by order of Crom 
 well. He was the author of various Letters, Conferences, 
 Advices, Answers, <fec. pub. in Burnet's Lives of the Dukes 
 of Hamilton. He also wrote a Preface to a book on The 
 Late Covenant, 1638, 4to. See Athen. Oxon. ; Park's Wai- 
 pole's R. and N. Authors. 
 
 Hamilton, James, Earl of Abercorn, Lord Paisley. 
 1. Attractive Virtue of Loadstone, 1729, Svo. 2. A Trea 
 tise on Harmony, 1731, Svo. 
 
 Hamilton, James, M.D. On Purgative Medicines 
 in several Diseases, Edin., 1805, '06, '09, '11, Svo. 
 
 Hamilton, James, Jr., M.D., Prof, of Midwifery, 
 Edin., pub. Works on Midwifery, Ac., 1795-1809. See 
 Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Hamilton, James, "author of the Hamiltonian 
 system," excited much attention in the learned world by 
 his publications (Lon., 1S24, <fec.) of interlinear English 
 translations of books in various languages. The authority 
 of Ascham, Cardinal Wolsey, Erasmus, Milton, and Locke, 
 are adduced in support of the excellence of the theory : 
 
 "We do -amiss to spend seven or eight years in scraping to 
 gether so much miserable Latin and Greek as may be learned 
 otherwise easily and delightfully in one year." JOHN MILTON: 
 Letter to Hartlib. 
 
 "When, by this way of interlining Latin and English one with 
 another, he has got a moderate knowledge of the Latin tongue, he 
 may then be advanced a little further. Nor let the objection that 
 he will then know it only by rote frighten any one. This, when 
 well considered, is not of any moment against, but plainly for, this 
 way of learning a language. The languages are only to be learned 
 by rote ; and he that speaks them well has no other rule but that." 
 JOHN LOCKE : Essay on a System of Classical Instruction. 
 
 The Hamiltonian system is warmly defended, and we 
 think very ably, by the Rev. Sydney Smith, in the Edin. 
 Rev., xliv. 47-69 ; repub. in his Miscellanies. We quote 
 the conclusion of this amusing and yet convincing essay: 
 
 " In fine, we are strongly persuaded that, the time being given, 
 this system will make better scholars ; and, the degree of scholar 
 ship being given, a much shorter time will be needed. If there is 
 any truth in this, it will make Mr. Hamilton one of the most use 
 ful men of his age; for, if there is any thing which fills reflecting 
 men with melancholy and regret, it is the waste of mortal time, 
 parental money, and puerile happiness, in the present method of 
 pursuing Latin and Greek." 
 
 See Levi Hart's Advertisement to Hart and Osborn's 
 Virgil, with an Interlinear Translation, Baltimore, March 
 10, 1833; Amer. Jour, of Education, Dec. 1826; West 
 minster Rev., x. 284; N. York Eclec. Mag., vi. 229; also 
 Lon. Quar. Rev. For a list of the works pub. on this sys 
 tem see the London Catalogue of Books. 
 
 Hamilton, James, D.D., minister of the English 
 Presbyterian Church, Regent Square, London, b. in 1814, 
 at Strathblane, Stirlingshire, is an eloquent preacher 
 and popular writer. 1. The Harp on the Willows, Lon., 
 1843, 12mo. 2. Church in the House, and other Tracts, 
 1846, 18mo. 3. Life in Earnest : Letts, on Christian Ac 
 tivity, sixty-fifth thousand, 1852, 18mo. 4. Mount of 
 Olives, <fcc., sixty-fifth thousand, 1853, ISnio. 5. The 
 Lamp and the Lantern, 1853, 18mo. 6. Lives of Bunyan, 
 Henry, and Hall, 1853. 7. The Royal Preacher: Lects. 
 on Eccles. New ed., 1854, 16mo. 8. The Happy Home. 
 New ed., 1855, 18mo. 9. Emblems from Eden, 1855, 18mo. 
 
 Let those who seek to animate thousands to zealous 
 efforts for the promotion of truth distribute on every side 
 Hamilton's Life in Earnest. See the Life of Amos Law 
 rence, by his son, Bost., 1855, Svo. 
 
 Hamilton, James. Life of Paul Jones, Phila., ISmo. 
 
 Hamilton, James Archibald, D.D. Astronom.j 
 Ac. contrib. to Trans. Irish Acad., 1786-1807. 
 
 Hamilton, James Edward. Polit. and theolog. 
 publications, Lon., 1790-92. 
 
 Hamilton, John, Archbishop of St. Andrew's, hanged 
 in the town of Stirling, 1570, by his political enemies, put 
 forth a Catechisme, (Sanct Androus, 1552, 4to,) which was 
 the last Popish Confession of Faith pub. by authority in 
 Scotland prior to the Reformation. This work is now 
 very rare, and a copy was sold at the White Knight's sale 
 (920) for 35 14. 
 
 " No divine at this day need be ashamed of such a work. It is 
 a judicious Commentary upon the Commands, Belief, Lord's Prayer. 
 Magnificat, and Ave Maria; and the author shows hi* wisdom aad 
 
 77$ 
 
HAM 
 
 moderation in avoiding to enter upon the controverted points." 
 BISHOP KEITH : Hist, of the. Church and State of Scot. 
 
 But Lord Hailes does not concur in this opinion : see 
 his Hist. Mem. of the Provincial Councils of the Scots 
 Clergy, 35-36. See also Keith's Cat of the Scottish 
 Bishops ; Beloe's Anecdotes of Lit. and Scarce Books, ii. 
 308-311. 
 
 Hamilton, John, " Student in Theologie," Ac. Ane 
 Catholik and facile Traictise drauin out of the holie Scrip 
 tures, Paris, 1581, 16mo. Running title: Of y 6 Lordis 
 Supper. Another ed., with altered title, Lon., 1600, 16mo. 
 See Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; Lord 
 Hailes's Sketch of the Life of John Hamilton, printed 
 about 1784. 
 
 Hamilton, John. Stereography; or, a Complete Body 
 of Perspective, Lon., 1738, 2 vols. fol.; 1749, 2 vols. fol. 
 
 Hamilton, John. Church of Scot., Edin., 1840, '41. 
 
 Hamilton, John. See BELHAVEN, LORD. 
 
 Hamilton, John Church, a son of Major-General 
 Alexander Hamilton, b. 1792, in Philadelphia, served for 
 some time in the army of the U. States, was aide-de-camp to 
 Major-Gen. Harrison, and resigned June, 1814. 1. Memoirs 
 of the Life of Alexander Hamilton, N. York, 1834-40, 2 
 vols. 8vo. These vols. bring down Hamilton's Life to the 
 date of the adoption of the Federal Constitution. Two 
 more vols. were expected, but never made their appear 
 ance. 
 
 "If completed as it has been begun, with the same care, fidelity, 
 and skill, this biography will be what it oxight to be, a national 
 work." FBANCIS L. HAWKS : N. York Rev., viii. 121, q. v. 
 
 2. Works of Alexander Hamilton, 1851, 7 vols. 8vo. 
 3. History of the Republic, Ac. : vol. i., 1858, 8vo. See 
 HAMILTON, MAJOR-GENERAL ALEXANDER. 
 
 Hamilton, Joseph. Guide through all the stages 
 of a Quarrel, the Royal Code of Honour, Reflections upon 
 Duelling, Ac., Lon., 1829, 8vo. We should prefer the au 
 thority of the Code laid down in the Sermon on the Mount. 
 See SABINE, LORENZO ; HAMILTON, MAJ.-&EN. ALEXANDER. 
 
 Hamilton, Miss M. The Forest of St. Bernardo, 
 Lon., 1806, 4 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Hamilton, Newburgh. 1. Boating Lovers ; a Com., 
 1715, 12mo. 2. The Petticoat- Plotter ; a Farce, Lon., 1720, 
 8vo. 3. Sampson; an Oratorio, 1743, 4to. See Biog. 
 Dramat. 
 
 Hamilton, Patrick, 1503-1527, called the first 
 Scotch Reformer, is said to have been of royal descent; 
 but see Mackenzie's Scots Writers. He was burnt alive 
 as a heretic. He went to Germany, and became Professor 
 in the Univ. of Marburg ; returned home, and was made 
 Abbot of Ferme or Feme, Ross-shire. Patrick's Places ; 
 or Common Places, a treatise on the Law and the Gospel. 
 In Latin, trans, and pub. by John Frith. In Richmond's 
 Fathers of the English Church, i. 475 ; also in Fox's Acts 
 and Monuments. Highly commended. See Keith's 
 Spottiswood's and Knox's Histories; Cook's Hist, of the 
 Reform. 
 
 Hamilton, Richard Winter, D.D., LL.D., of 
 Leeds, England. 1. The Little Sanctuary, Lon., 1838, 8vo. 
 2. Nugse Literarise, 1841, 8vo. 3. Serms. : 1st ser., 1837, 
 8vo; 2d ser., 1845, 8vo ; 1850, 8vo. 4. Popular Education, 
 2d ed., 1846, sin. 8vo. 5. Missions, 2d ed., 1846/ sm. 8vo. 
 6. Rewards and Punishments, new ed., 1847, 8vo. 7. Horae 
 et Vindiciae Sabbaticae, 1848, 12mo. See a Memoir of Dr. 
 Hamilton, by W. H. Stowell, 1850, 8vo. 
 
 "The sermons of this gifted minister are eloquent, devout, and 
 evangelical. . . . His Essay on Missions is also highly honourable 
 to his talents and piety." Wittiams's C. P. 
 ' "There was a rich and racy originality about him, a bold in 
 dependence of thinking, and an irregular gorgeousness of style. 
 He was the Hazlitt of the pulpit." Gilfillan's Literary Portraits, 
 list Gallery. 
 
 See Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xi. 91, 271, 455. 
 
 Hamilton, Robert. Dissertatio de serarii publici 
 necessitate, ac plene Principium vectigalia imponendi jure, 
 Lugd. Bat., 1671, 4to. 
 
 Hamilton, Robert, M.D., 1721-1793, a native of 
 Edinburgh, practised at Lynn, in Norfolk. Profess, publi 
 cations, 1782-1806. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Life of Dr. 
 H., prefixed to his Remarks on the Leprosy, Lon., 1801, 
 8vo. 
 
 Hamilton, Robert, LL.D., 1742-1829, Rector of 
 the Academy of Perth, 1769 ; Prof, in Marischal Coll., 
 Aberdeen, 1779-1829, namely, first, of Oriental Lan 
 guages ; secondly, of Nat. Philos., 1782-1817 ; thirdly, of 
 Mathemat, 1817-29. 1. Introduc. to Merchandise, Edin 
 1777-79, 2 vols. 8vo. Several eds. 
 
 " Of very considerable merit." McCuttocWs Lit. of Polit. Econ. 
 
 2. Arithmetic and Book-Keeping, Lon., 1788, 12mo. 
 776 
 
 HAM 
 
 3. National Debt of G. Brit, Ac., 1813, 8vo; Edin., 1814, 
 '18, 8vo. The 3d ed. is the best. 
 
 " This important work, which, as we have already seen, opened 
 the eyes of the public to the delusive nature of the sinking fund." 
 McCullocKs Lit. of Polit. Econ., q. v. ; and see GALE, S., in this 
 Dictionary. 
 
 4. The Progress of Society, 1830, 8vo. 
 
 " We cordially recommend the volume itself to those who are, 
 as well as to those who are not, acquainted with the valuable 
 science of which it treats, a science which is now justly looked 
 upon as an essential branch of liberal education." ion. Month. 
 Rev., Dec. 1830. 
 
 " Embraces a wide range of interesting topics ; but it is feebly 
 written, and might without injury to his feme or to the public 
 interests have been allowed to continue in manuscript." McCid- 
 loch's Lit. of Polit. Econ. 
 
 Hamilton, Robert. Decisions of the Ct. of Ses 
 sion, Nov. 1769- Jan. 1772, Edin., 1803, fol. 
 
 Hamilton, Schuyler. Hist, of the National Flag 
 of the U. States, Phila., 1853, cr. 8vo. 
 
 Hamilton, Smith. Engravings of the Ancient 
 Costume of Eng., 9th to 16th cent., 1812. 
 
 Hamilton, Terrick. Trans, from the Arabic of 
 Antar, a Bedoueen Romance, Lon., 1819-20, 4 vols. cr. 8vo. 
 
 "A faithful and elaborate version." Lon. Month. Rev., xciv. 
 277-292, q.v. 
 
 " The curious romance of Antar, the most vivid and authentic 
 picture of Arabian manners, was written under the early Abas- 
 side Caliphs." MILMAN. 
 
 It is from this tale that story-tellers in the coffee-houses 
 of Constantinople take their amusing fictions. 
 
 Hamilton, Thomas, Earl of Melros. State Papers 
 and Miscellaneous Correspondence, 1837, 2 vols. 4to. Pub. 
 by the Abbotsford Club. 
 
 Hamilton, Thomas. Con. to Med. Com., 1787. 
 
 Hamilton, Thomas, Captain 29th Regt., R. A., d. 
 1842, aged 53, after serving through the Peninsular and 
 American campaigns, devoted his time to literary pursuits, 
 and contributed largely to Blackwood's Magazine. 1. An 
 nals of the Peninsular Campaign, new ed. by Fred. Hard- 
 man, Lon., 1849, 8vo. 
 
 " A work of great and peculiar merit, and cannot fail to be 
 popular, even after the many other histories, completed or in pro 
 gress, of the Peninsular War." Blackwood's Mag., xxvii. 508-538. 
 
 "Of the chief writers (on this subject) Captain Hamilton's work 
 comes nearest to historical calmness and impartiality. . . . The 
 value of Captain Hamilton's work is very greatly increased, in 
 the present edition, by the labours of Mr. Hardrnan." Scotsman. 
 
 2. The Youth and Manhood of Cyril Thornton, 1827. 
 An admirable work. 
 
 " Though of no great value as a novel, it exhibits a good deal 
 of literary ability." A. H. EVERETT: N. Amer. Rev., xxxviii. 211; 
 and see South. Rev., viii. 43. 
 
 " There is no novel-writer in our day, after the great Father of 
 Romance, who has succeeded in transferring to his pages equally 
 vivid pictures of the most animating events of life ; the enthu 
 siasm of youthful passion, the decision of military exploit, the 
 ardour of devoted affection." Blackwood's Mag., xxxiv. 288. 
 
 3. Men and Manners in America, 1833, 2 vols. cr. 8vo ; 
 Bost., 1834, 2 vols. 12mo. New ed., with Letters written 
 by the author during his Journey through the U. States, 
 Lon., 1843, sm. 8vo. 
 
 " We cannot but congratulate our countryman on the appear 
 ance of his valuable work at the present crisis, when all the ancient 
 institutions of our country are successively melting away under 
 the powerful solvent of democratic fervour. ... He neither views 
 America with the jaundiced eye of a bigoted Tory, nor the frantic 
 partiality of an enthusiastic Democrat. He appreciates things as 
 they really are nothing extenuating, setting down nought in 
 malice." Blackwood's. Mag. : America, No. 1, xxxiv. 285-308. See 
 also America, No. 2, 548-568 ; and vol. xxxv. 342. 
 
 " The more Captain Hamilton's book is studied, the stronger 
 will be the reader's conviction of its merits as a clear and impar 
 tial description of the American people." Dull. Univ. Mag., ii. 
 444-455; 558-569. 
 
 " Though many excellent volumes have since been published, 
 not one has superseded it as a standard and safe authority. Other 
 travellers have confirmed its accuracy, without adding much to 
 its information." Britannia. 
 
 " It is undoubtedly as we have said, in point of literary execu 
 tion, one of the best that have yet appeared upon the United 
 States. The style is not deficient in strength or spirit, and evinces 
 at times a remarkable power of description, as in the passages on 
 the Falls of Niagara and the river Mississippi. On the other hand, 
 it is far from being uniformly so pure and correct as might be 
 wished, is often unpardonably coarse, and is pervaded through 
 out by an affected pertness and a silly air of pretension, which 
 are offensive from the beginning, and finally become by repetition 
 completely nauseous. . . . That a spirit of unjust depreciation is 
 the one that predominates in his work, is as we shall have occa 
 sion abundantly to show very certain." A. H. EVERETT: ./V. 
 Amer. Rev., xxxvfii. 210-270. 
 
 See also Chris. Exam., (by Samuel Eliot) xv. 219 ; Amer. 
 Quar. Rev., xiv. 520 ; Selec. Jour, of For. Lit., iii. 81 ; Mu 
 seum of For. Lit., xxiii. 468, 563, 564; xxiv. 81; Eraser's 
 Mag., ix. 42. 
 
 Hamilton, W. J. Researches in Asia Minor, Pontus, 
 and Armenia, &c., Lon., 1842, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
HAM 
 
 HAM 
 
 "Mr. Hamilton's archaeological researches, and his narrative in 
 general, have our warmest commendations.'' Lon. Athenseum. 
 
 After reading Mr. Hamilton's Researches, the reader must 
 take up the works of SIR CHARLES FELLOWS, (ante.) 
 
 Hamilton, W. T., D.D. The Pentateuch and its 
 Assailants ; or, a Refutation of the Objections of Modern 
 Scepticism to the Pentateuch, Lon., 1852, 8vo. 
 
 " We are not aware of any objections which have been raised 
 against the Pentateuch as a whole, or any part of it, which are not 
 here very satisfactorily met and refuted." Lon. Evangel. Mag. 
 
 Hamilton, Walter. 1. The East India Gazetteer, 
 Lon., 1814, 8vo; 1828, 2 vols. Svo; 1855, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " The writer has amassed and digested, with singular industry, 
 a vast treasure of information, dispersed through an infinite va 
 riety of works." Edin. Rev., xxv. 220-226. 
 
 2. A Geograph., Statist., and Hist. Description of Hin- 
 dostan and the adjacent Countries, 1820, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 "An inestimable work, containing a more full, detailed, and 
 faithful picture of India, than any former work on the subject." 
 Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 " Who that has relatives in India (' Alas. I feel I am no actor 
 here!') can rest satisfied without the possession, not only of his 
 Gazetteer, but of his Geographical Description of Hindostan ?" 
 Dibdirfs Lib. Comp. 
 
 " Mr. Hamilton's works, especially the last, [on Hindostan,] are 
 compiled with great care and judgment, and are, indeed, of the 
 highest authority." McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Earn. 
 
 Hamilton, William. Reply to Dr. Pearson rel. to 
 the Ch. of England, Lon., 1660, fol. 
 
 Hamilton, William. Country and River of the 
 Amazones; from the French, Lon., 1661, 8vo. 
 Hamilton, William. Serms. &c., 1700-25. 
 Hamilton, William. The Hist, of Sir Wm. Wal 
 lace, Glasg., 1722, 8vo; Falkirk, 1785, 12mo; Ayr, 1793, 
 12mo. Often reprinted. 
 
 Hamilton, William. Serm., Edin., 1732. Svo. 
 Hamilton, William, 1704-1754, an early Scotch 
 poet, was a native of Ayrshire, and a man of fortune and 
 family. In 1748, Glasgow, Svo, an ed. of his poems was 
 pub. without his consent, and subsequently reprinted. The 
 first genuine ed. was pub. by his friends in 1760, Edin., 
 sm. Svo. The best-known composition of his is The 
 Braes of Yarrow. This poem elicited Wordsworth's three 
 pieces Yarrow Unvisited, Yarrow Visited, and Yarrow 
 Revisited. 
 
 " Hamilton's mind is pictured in his verses. They are the easy 
 and careless effusions of an elegant fancy and a chastened taste; 
 and the sentiments they convey are the genuine feelings of a 
 tender and susceptible heart, which pei-petually owned the do 
 minion of some favourite mistress, but whose passion generally 
 evaporated in song, and made no serious or permanent impression." 
 LORD WOODHOUSELEE. 
 
 " The poems of Hamilton display regular design, just sentiments, 
 fanciful invention, pleasing sensibility, elegant diction, and smooth 
 versification. His genius was aided by taste, and his taste was 
 improved by knowledge." PROP. RICHARDSON, of Glasgow. 
 
 " Johnson, upon repeated occasions, while I was at Ashbourne, 
 talked slightingly of Hamilton. He said there was no power of 
 thinking in his verses ; nothing that strikes one ; nothing better 
 than what is generally found in magazines ; and that the highest 
 praise they deserved was. that they were very well for a gentle 
 man to hand about among his friends." BOSWELL : Life of Johnson. 
 See Anderson's Brit. Poets ; Lord Woodhouselee's Life 
 of Lord Kames ; The Lounger ; Transac. of Scot. Antiq., 
 Ill; Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent 
 Scotsmen. 
 
 Hamilton, William, Rector of Fanet, Donegal, and 
 a magistrate, was murdered by the rebels in 1797. '1. Let 
 ters cone, the Northern Coast of Antrim, Lon., 1786, Svo. 
 " This is a valuable work respecting the mineralogy and geology 
 [of Ireland], and especially the Giant's Causeway." Stevenson's 
 Voyages and Travels. 
 
 2. Letters on the Principles of the French Democracy, 
 Dubl., 1792, Svo. 3. Con. on nat. philos. to Trans. Irish 
 Acad., 1788. 4. To Nich. Jour., 1798. 
 
 Hamilton, Rt. Hon. Sir William, K.B., 1730- 
 1803, a native of Scotland, an eminent antiquary and con 
 noisseur, was ambassador at the court of Naples from 1764 
 to 1800. In 1782 he lost his first wife, and in 1791 mar 
 ried Emma Harte, the notorious female so disreputably 
 connected with Lord Nelson. Sir William's collection of 
 Grecian and Etruscan vases (now in the British Museum) 
 has been described in several magnificent volumes, which 
 still command a high price. 
 
 1. Antiquitez Etrusquez, Grecques & Romaines, tirees 
 du Cabinet de M. Hamilton, (par le Sr. D'Hancarville,) en 
 Anglais et en Francais, Naples, 1766-67, 4 vols. r. fol., 
 with upwards of 500 large plates, many of which are 
 coloured. The two first vols. of this work were pub. by 
 J. A. David, in Paris, 1785-88, 5 vols. Svo ; large paper in 
 4to ; Florence, 1801-08, 4 vols. atlas fol. 2. Collection of 
 Vases, mostly of pure Greek workmanship, <fcc., Naples, 
 1791-95, 3 vols. imp. fol., with 240 plates; Florence, 
 
 1800-03, 4 vols. atlas fol. ; Paris, 1803-10, 4 vols. atlas fol. 
 3. Outlines, &c. from the Figures and Compositions upon 
 the Greek, Roman, and Etruscan Vases of the late Sir 
 William Hamilton, Lon., 1804, 4to. 4. Observ. upon Mount 
 Vesuvius, Etna, &c., Lon., 1772, '74, Svo. See RASPE, 
 RUDOLPH ERIC, in Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1541. 5. Campi 
 Phlegrsei, Naples, 1766-67, 2 vols. atlas fol. Supp., 1779, 
 fol. 6. Lettera sul Monte Volture, 1780, Svo. 7. Con. to 
 Phil. Trans., 1767-95. 8. To Archaeol., 1777. 
 
 For biographical incidents connected with Sir William 
 Hamilton, and descriptions of his works, Ac., see Wood's 
 Peerage; Baldwin's Lit. Jour., 1804; Biographie Contem- 
 poraine ; Antiquitez Etrusquez, &c., par D'Hancarville ; 
 Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's 
 Bibl. Man. ; Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Emi 
 nent Scotsmen; Blackwood's Mag., xxv. 178, 707. 
 
 Hamilton, William, M.D. Dyeing, Lon., 1791, 2 
 vols. Svo. 
 
 Hamilton, William, M.D., d. 1808, aged 36. Digi 
 talis Purpurea, Lon., 1807, Svo. 
 
 Hamilton, William. Enchiridion Modicum, Lon., 
 1810, 12mo. 
 
 Hamilton, William. Remarks on several Parts of 
 Turkey. Part 1, ^Egyptiaca, Lon., 1810, r. 4to, with fol. 
 plates. 
 
 "A solid, instructive, and most accurate performance." Dib- 
 din's Lib. Gomp. 
 
 Hamilton, Sir William, Bart., of Preston, of the 
 ancient Scottish family of this name, one of the most dis 
 tinguished of modern metaphysicians, was born at Glasgow 
 in 1788, and educated at Balliol College, Oxford, where 
 he obtained first-class honours. In 1813 he was called to 
 the Scottish Bar, but never engaged in extensive practice. 
 In 1820 he was an unsuccessful competitor with John Wil 
 son for the chair of Moral Philosophy in the University of 
 Edinburgh; but in 1821 he was appointed Professor of 
 Universal History in that institution, and in 1836 was 
 called to the chair of Logic and Metaphysics, which he 
 still retains, (1856.) He is also Her Majesty's Solicitor 
 for Teinds, in Scotland, a Corresponding Member of the 
 Institute of France, and an Associate of many learned 
 bodies. See Men of the Time, Lon., 1856. A brief history 
 of Sir William's contributions to Mental Philosophy will 
 be found in Rich's Cyclopaedia, Lon. and Glasg., 1854. 
 In 1852 (Lon. and Edin., Svo, pp. 758) there appeared 
 Discussions on Philosophy and Literature, Education and 
 University Reform, chiefly from the Edinburgh Review ; 
 Corrected, Vindicated, Enlarged in Notes and Appendices, 
 2d ed., 1853, Svo. Repub., N. York, 1855, Svo, with an 
 Introductory Essay on the history of philosophical specu 
 lation, by Robert Turnbull, D.D. 
 
 His principal essays have been trans, into French by 
 W. Peisse, and into Italian by S. Lo Gatto. Sir William 
 pub. in 1846, Lon. and Edin., Svo, pp. 914, the works of 
 Thos. Reid, D.D., now fully collected, with Selections 
 from his Unpublished Letters, Prefaces, Notes, and Sup 
 plementary Dissertations, 3d ed., 1852. He is now en 
 gaged in the preparation of the works of Dugald Stewart; 
 Vol. VIII. was pub. in April, and Vol. IX. in May, 1856. 
 (Sir William did not live to complete his editorial labours : 
 see conclusion of this article, and see also Lon. Athenaeum, 
 May 10, 1856, and Lon. Gent. Mag., June, 1856.) A vol. 
 entitled The Philosophy of Sir William Hamilton, arranged 
 and edited by 0. W. Wight, was pub. in N. York in 1853, 
 Svo; 3d ed., 1855. This vol. is compiled from the Supp. 
 Disserts, on Reid, some of the foot-notes to Reid, and a 
 portion of the Philos. Discussions. Dr. James Walker, 
 President of Harvard College, has pub. Reid's Essays on 
 the Intellectual Powers ; abridged, with Notes and Illus 
 trations from Sir Wm. Hamilton and others, Bost., 12mo. 
 It is a matter of regret that the limited space to which we 
 are necessarily confined precludes us from quoting largely 
 from the enthusiastic commendations before us of the dis 
 tinguished abilities and profound erudition of this eminent 
 
 philosopher. In an interesting paper by De Quincey, 
 giving an account of his recollections of Sir William's 
 early reputation for general knowledge, he remarks : 
 
 " The immensity of Sir William's attainments was best laid 
 open by consulting him (or by hearing him consulted) upon in 
 tellectual difficulties, or upon schemes literary and philosophical. 
 Such applications, come from what points of the compass they 
 would, found him always prepared. Nor did it seem to make any 
 difference whether it were the erudition of words or things that 
 was needed." Essays on Philosophical and other Men of Letters, i. 
 35, Bost., 1854. 
 
 " We regard Sir Wm. Hamilton as the profoundest analyst who 
 has appeared since Aristotle; and his erudition, both in its extent 
 and in its exactness, is perfectly provoking." 0. W. WIGHT : Trans, 
 of Cousin's Hist, of Mod. Philos., ii. 335, Jf. York, 1854. 
 
HAM 
 
 HAM 
 
 " Sir Wm., though metaphysically the most formidable man in 
 Europe, is an humble Christian ; though the most learned of men, 
 he is ready to bow before the spirit that informed the mind of 
 Paul." 0. W. WIGHT: Introduc. to his edit, of the Philosophy of 
 Sir William Hamilton, p. 13, 1855. 
 
 " It would be difficult to name any contributions to a review 
 which display such a despotic command of all the resources of 
 logic and metaphysics as his articles in the Edinburgh Review on 
 Cousin, Dr. Brown, and Bishop Whately. Apart from their scien 
 tific value, they should be read as specimens of intellectual power. 
 They evince more intense strength of understanding than any 
 other writings of the age ; and in the blended merits of their logic, 
 rhetoric, and learning, they may challenge comparison with the 
 best works of any British metaphysician. He seems to have read 
 every writer, ancient and modern, on logic and metaphysics, and 
 is conversant with every philosophical theory, from the lowest 
 form of materialism to the most abstract development of idealism ; 
 and yet his learning is not so remarkable as the thorough manner 
 in which he has digested it and the perfect command he has of all 
 its stores. Every thing that he comprehends, no matter how ab 
 struse, he comprehends with the utmost clearness and employs 
 with consummate skill. He is altogether the best-trained reasoner 
 on abstract subjects of his time." E. P. WHIPPLE: Essays and Re 
 views, ii. 117-122, Bost., 1851 ; and in N. Amer. Rev., Ixi. 485-489. 
 " Sir William Hamilton has attained to the very highest dis 
 tinction as a philosopher, and in some respects he is decidedly 
 superior to any of his illustrious predecessors, Reid, Stuart, or 
 Brown. With a remarkable power of analysis and discrimination 
 he combines great decision and elegance of style, and a degree of 
 erudition that is almost without a parallel." Edinburgh Review. 
 
 " We know not any other writer who has proved in how great a 
 degree books may stimulate the intellect into independent action, 
 nor any recent philosopher who has interpreted the theories of the 
 past and the present less biassed by an exaggerated opinion of the 
 exclusive importance of history, or by preconceptions of the his 
 toric course of speculation in its manifold phases in each succes 
 sive age." N. Brit. Rev., xviii. 191-213. 
 
 " The slightest perusal of Sir William's philosophical writings 
 will be sufficient to convince the reader that he is in intercourse 
 with a mind of the most extraordinary comprehension and acute- 
 ness. He combines in a degree unequalled since the time of Aris 
 totle (of whom, indeed, he is a devout, though not a blind and 
 un discriminating, worshipper) the power of analysis and generali 
 zation. . . . The degrees in which these two counter-powers of 
 analysis and generalization exist in any mind, together with their 
 relative proportion, determines a man's philosophical character." 
 Brit. Quar. Rev., xvi. 479-511. 
 
 The remarkable erudition which has rendered the name 
 of Sir William Hamilton so famous is brought into good 
 service when engaged in the illustration and vindication 
 of his philosophical tenets : 
 
 " In the first of the citations with which some of his essays are 
 overgrown, it would be difficult to point out one which is either 
 inappropriate or superfluous, except that, the point being already 
 established, it might be regarded as a needless accumulation of 
 evidence." .ZV. Amer. Rev., Ixxvi. 55-103. 
 
 An authority entitled to be heard with respect does 
 not hesitate to give the following verdict respecting Sir 
 William's Dissertations, contained in his edit, of Reid's 
 writings : 
 
 " On the whole, we cannot but regard these dissertations as the 
 most valuable contribution to the progress of a true philosophy, 
 in our country, within the present century." MoreWs Hist, of 
 Mod. Philos. 
 
 See also Wm. Archer Butler's Lects. on the Hist, of An 
 cient Philos., editor's notes, ii. 79, 97 : 1856 ; Hallam's Lit. 
 Hist, of Europe, ii. 398, 478, 4th ed., 1854; N. Brit. Rev., 
 x. 78 ; Princeton Rev., (article by Samuel Tyler, of Frede 
 rick, Md.,) Oct. 1855. 
 
 The author of the article in the British Quarterly Review 
 from which we have given some quotations, refers to the 
 great respect entertained on the Continent of Europe for 
 the philosophical character of the subject of this notice, 
 and cites in evidence the following passages : 
 
 "II n'est pas peut-Stre en Europe un homme qui possede une 
 connaissance aussi complete et aussi minutieuse, une intelligence 
 aussi profonde des livres, des systemes et des philosophes d'Alle- 
 magne. . . . L'erudition de M. Hamilton n'est pas cette erudition 
 morte qni s'occupe plus des livres que des idees, et qui etouffe 
 I'esprit pbilosophe au lieu de le nourrir ; c'est une Erudition active 
 qui laisse a la pens6e toute son independance ; elle n'est pas a 
 elle-meme sa propre fin, mais.seulement un instrument pour la 
 recherche de la verite. Quoique infiniment vari6e, car elle em 
 brasse presque tout le champ <fes sciences morales et rationelles e 
 de la literature gSnerale, elle est en mSme temps complete et pro 
 fonde, principalement en philosophic ancienne et moderne et en 
 matiere d'instruction publique. Peu d'hommes en Europe son 
 aussi familiers avec la philosophic, et en particulier avec Aristotle. 
 M. PEISSE: Pref.to Fragmens de Philosophic par Sir Wm.Hamil 
 ton ; pp. Ixxxi., Ixxxiii. 
 
 " Le plus grand critique de notre siecle." M. COUSIN : Fragmen. 
 Philosophiqttes. 
 
 " Le grand mattre du Peripatetisme." M. BRANWS. 
 
 When engaged in the preparation of the above article 
 
 but a few days since, we little thought that the illustriou 
 
 philosopher to whom it is devoted would have ceased from 
 
 his labours ere our tribute saw the light. It is, however 
 
 " so written :" Sir William Hamilton died of congestion o 
 
 the brain, after ten days' illness, on the 6th day of May 
 
 1856, at his residence, Great King Street, Edinburgh. W 
 
 778 
 
 are glad to learn that his lectures on logic and metaphysics 
 are in a state of preparation for the press. They are an 
 nounced for 1859, Edin. and Boston, to be edited by Prof. 
 Mansel and Mr. Veitch. The death of this eminent scholar 
 and profound philosopher painfully reminds us of the large 
 number of those recorded in its pages who have exchanged 
 time for eternity since we commenced this voluminous re 
 cord of those who have sought to instruct or amuse their 
 ellow-pilgrims in a world of trial and of temptation, of 
 oily and of wisdom, of sorrow and of joy. 
 
 As summer and winter, seed-time and harvest, have still 
 
 ound us, year after year, engaged upon the present work, 
 
 we have at times thought it not improbable that we also 
 
 might be added to the long list, already chronicled, of those 
 
 rtio left unfinished monuments of good intentions; whose 
 
 .evices were arrested by the " inexorable hour," and whose 
 
 'purposes" to use the affecting language of the patriarch 
 
 "were broken off" in the midst. 
 
 Hamilton, William. Report of the Trial of Judges 
 Shippen, Yeates, and Smith, in 1805, Lancaster, 8vo. 
 
 Hamilton, William, D.D. 1. Second Advent of 
 Christ, Lon., 1828, 12mo. Commended by Lowndes. 2. 
 The Mourner in Zion Comforted, 12mo. 
 " Many cases of a distressed conscience ably met." BICKERSTETH. 
 Other works. 
 
 Hamilton, W 7 illiam Gerard, M.P., 1729-1796, 
 a native of London, who held several important poli- 
 ical posts, made in the House of Commons, Nov. 13, 1755, 
 hat splendid display of eloquence which has given him 
 he name of SINGLE-SPEECH HAMILTON. But, indeed, 
 le made a second great speech in the month of Febru 
 ary. Hamilton was one of the many to whom without 
 a shadow of probability the Letters of Junius were attri- 
 >uted. He was educated at Oxford, and when young wrote 
 some poetry, which he printed but never published in a 
 quarto volume, 1757, 4to. These were subsequently pub. 
 y Mr. Malone. After his death there appeared, pub. from 
 lis MSS., Parliamentary Logick : to which are subjoined 
 Two Speeches delivered in the H. of C. of Ireland, and 
 other Pieces, <fcc., Lon., 1808, 8vo. This collection con 
 tains an Essay on the Corn Laws, by Dr. Saml. Johnson, 
 never before printed. A review of this vol. by Lord Jeffrey 
 will be found in the Edin. Rev., xv. 1 63-175. The reviewer 
 considers it rather remarkable that a " short practical trea 
 tise in parliamentary oratory, by a man who was long popu 
 larly supposed to have rivalled the eloquence of Chatham, 
 and to have guided the pen of Junius," should have made 
 such a "feeble impression on the public." Our surprise, 
 however, will be somewhat diminished when we observe 
 the character which he gives of this production : 
 
 In addition to the other causes of repulsion to which we have 
 alluded, the style of the work, we ought to observe, is extremely 
 affected and peculiar. Sometimes the author mimics the pregnant 
 brevity of Bacon, but without his force or felicity. At other times 
 he emulates the obscurity and harsh technical brevity of Aristotle, 
 but without his science or accuracy. On one occasion, he affects 
 to give general and sweeping maxims: at another, he enters into 
 the most minute details and suggestions. Now and then he is 
 cunning and sagacious; and very frequently quite frivolous or 
 stupid." 
 
 Dr. Francis Lieber, referring to this work in his treatise 
 on Civil Liberty and Self-Government, remarks, 
 
 " The copy which I own belonged to Dr. Thomas Cooper. That 
 distinguished man has written the following remark on the fly 
 leaf: ' This book contains the theory of deception in parliamentary 
 debate ; how to get the better of your opponent, and how to make 
 the worse appear the better reason. It is the well-written work 
 of a hackney and politician The counterpart to it is the ad 
 mirable tract of Mr. Jeremy Bentham on Parliamentary Logic, the 
 book of Fallacies. No politician ought to be ignorant of the one 
 book or the other. They are well worth (not perusing, but) study 
 ing.' T. C." Vol. ii., p. 208. 
 
 Dr. Johnson had a great esteem for Hamilton, and, says 
 Boswell, paid his conversation this high compliment: 
 
 " I am very unwilling to be left alone, sir, and therefore I go 
 with my company down the first pair of stairs, in some hopes that 
 they may, perhaps, return again ; I go with you, sir, as far as the 
 street-door." Life of Johnson. 
 
 Hamilton, Sir William Rowan, b. Aug. 4, 1805, 
 at Dublin, and educated at the University of that city, was 
 appointed Andrews Professor of Astronomy to the Univer 
 sity of Dublin, and Astronomer Royal for Ireland, in 1827, 
 and President of the Royal Irish Academy in 1837. Lec 
 tures on Quaternions, in 1843, to the Royal Irish Academy, 
 Dubl., 1853, 8vo. This eminent scholar has also pub. va 
 luable papers in Trans. Roy. Irish Acad., Phil. Trans., Lon 
 don, Trans. Brit. Soc. for the Advancement of Science, Lon., 
 Edin., and Dublin Philos. Mag., and Dublin Univ. Rev. 
 See a biog. sketch of Sir William Our Portrait-Gallery, 
 No. XXVI. in Dublin Univ. Mag., Jan. 1845, 94-110. 
 
HAM 
 
 HAM 
 
 Hamley, Edward. Poems, Lon., 1796, 8vo. 
 
 llamlcy, Major Edward Bruce, R.A. 1. Lady 
 Lee's Widowhood, Lon., 1854, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Originally 
 pub. in Blackwood s Magazine. 
 
 " Captain Hamley writes with admirable ease and graphic viva 
 city. His humour is manly and refined; his fancy is fertile in 
 comic tracery ; and the mere rhetoric of his composition is spirited 
 and graceful." Lon. Press. 
 
 " We have no hesitation in pronouncing Lady Lee's Widowhood 
 the most promising debut that has been made in fiction since 
 Bulwer surprised the world with Pelham." Lon. Critic. 
 
 "It is withal a bright, healthy book, with a dash of hearty 
 humour in it." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 2. The Story of the Campaign. A complete Narrative 
 of the War in Southern Russia, written in a Tent in the 
 Crimea, 1855, p. 8vo. Originally pub. in Blackwood's 
 Mag. A valuable work. 3. The Position on the Alma, 
 sketched the Day after the Battle, 1855, oblong. 
 
 Hammer, Joseph. Ancient Alphabets, &c., Lon., 
 1806, sm. 4to. See M. Silvestre de Sacy's comments in 
 Magas. Encycl., Nov. 1810 : pp. 145-174. 
 
 Hammett, Samuel A., b. 1816, at Jewett City, Conn., 
 a resident of N. York since 1848. 1. A Stray Yankee in 
 Texas, by Philip Paxton, N. York, 1853, 12mo. 2. The 
 Wonderful Adventures of Captain Priest, by Philip Pax- 
 ton, 1855. 
 
 If aniinon, George. Serms., &c., Lon., 1658, '90, '93. 
 
 If ainmoii, John. The Hist, of the Valerous Squire 
 Alector, Lon., 1589, 4to. 
 
 If ammon, Wm. Answer to Dr. Priestley on the Ex 
 istence of a God, Lon., 1833, 8vo. 
 
 Hammond, Anthony, M.P., 1668-1738, a commis 
 sioner of the Navy, and an associate of the men of letters 
 of the day, edited in 1720 a New Miscellany of Original 
 Poems, some of which were his own composition. He also 
 wrote a work on Publick Credit,1721, 8vo ; Hints for Think 
 ing, 1721, Svo; and an Account of the Life and Writings 
 of Walter Moyle, prefixed to the works of the latter, pub. 
 1727, 8vo. 
 
 Hammond, Anthony. 1. Law of Nisi Prius, Lon., 
 1816, 8vo; Exeter, N. H., 1823, 8vo. 2. Parties to Ac 
 tions, Ac., Lon., 1817, '27, Svo; Exeter, N. H., 1822, 8vo. 
 3. Principles of Pleading, Lon., 1819, 8vo. 4. Reports in 
 Equity, 1821, 2 vols. 8vo ; N. York, 1822, 8vo. 5. Crimi 
 nal Code Forgery, <fcc., 1823, 8vo. 6. Practice and Pro 
 ceed, in Parl., Ac., 1825, 8vo. 7. Index to Term Reports, 
 Ac., 1827, 2 vols. 8vo. 8. Criminal Code ; Simple Larceny, 
 Ac., 1828-29, 2 vols. fol. 
 
 Hammond, Capt. Charfes. The Old English 
 Officer, Lon., 1679, 8vo. 
 
 Hammond, Charles. Rep. of Cases in Supreme 
 Ct. of Ohio, 1821-39, din., 1833-40, 9 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Hammond, Charles D., b. 1818, at Boston, Mass. 
 Medical Information for the Million, N. York, 1851, 12mo. 
 Mr. H. is the author of many articles on Medical Reform. 
 
 Hammond, Elisha. 1. Law of Fire Insurance, Ac., 
 N. York, 1840, 8vo. 2. Principal and Agent, 1836, 8vo. 
 See 2 Kent's Com., 646, n. 3. Justice of the Peace, Brook- 
 field, 1841, 8vo. 4. Supp. to Petersdorff's Cases, N. York, 
 1835, 2 vols. 8vo. See 14 Amer. Jur., 231. 
 
 Hammond, or Hamond, George. Theolog. 
 treatises, 1694, 1701, '02. 
 
 Hammond, Henry, D.D., 1605-1660, a native of 
 Chertsey, Surrey, after preparatory studies at Eton, was 
 sent to Magdalen Coll., Oxford, and was elected Fellow in 
 1625; Rector of Penshurst, Kent, 1633; Archdeacon of 
 Chichester, 1643 ; Canon of Christ Church, Oxford, 1645, 
 and Sub-dean, 1648. Being warmly attached to the royal 
 cause, he was ejected by the Parliamentary Visitors. At 
 the Restoration Charles II. intended to nominate him to 
 the bishopric of Worcester, but he died whilst preparing 
 for his journey to London. Charles I. declared that Ham 
 mond was the most natural orator he ever heard. His 
 works among which are a number in defence of the 
 Church of England against Romanists and other Dis 
 senters were collected and pub. by his amanuensis, Wm. 
 Fulinan, in 4 vols. fol., 1674-84; a collection of his Letters 
 (nineteen in number) was pub. by Mr. Peck, 1739, 8vo ; 
 his Life, by Bishop Fell, 1661, 12mo; reprinted in 1806, 
 and in 1849 ; also in Wordsworth's Eccles. Biog., iv. 
 313; and a new ed. of his Miscellaneous Theological 
 Works was pub. in the Lib. of Anglo-Cath. Theol., Oxf., 
 1847-51 ; 3 vols. in 4, 8vo. New ed. of his Parsenesis ; 
 or, Seasonable Exhortatory, edited by Manning, 1841, 8vo. 
 The following are his best-known productions. 1. A 
 Practical Catechism, Lon., 1644, '48, 4to. A vindication 
 of the same, 1648, 4to; 1700, Svo ; 16th ed., in the new 
 ed. of his Miscellaneous Works, 1847, vol. i. 
 
 " Hammond's Catechism is an excellent explanation of the du 
 ties of our religion." DR. WOTTON. 
 
 " A book of great use ; but not to be begun with as too many 
 do. It does require a good deal of previous study before the force 
 of his reasonings is apprehended ; but when one is ready for it, it 
 is a rare book, and states the grounds of morality and of our duty 
 upon true principles." BISHOP BURNET. And see Walchii Bibl. 
 Theolog. Selecta. 
 
 2. Serms., 1644, fol. See vol. iv. (1684) of his collected 
 works, and vol. iii. (1847) of the new ed. of his Miscel 
 laneous Works. 3. Paraphrases of the Old and Annota 
 tions upon the New Testament, 1653, '56, 8vo; 1659, '71, 
 '75, '79, '81, 1702, fol. The last is the best of the old eds. 
 New ed., 1845, 4 vols. Svo. The Annotations form vol. iii. 
 (1675) of his collected works. In 1698 (Amster., fol.) Le 
 Clerc trans, it into Latin, with animadversions. Also pub. 
 Franckf., 1714, 2 vols. fol. These were trans, into Eng 
 lish, and pub. as a Supp. in 1699, 4to. A Defence of Ham 
 mond against Le Clerc appeared in 1699, to which Le 
 Clerc replied. Both of these books should be added to the 
 Annotations. Dr. Doddridge preferred Le Clerc's edit, of 
 Hammond in Latin to the original. We give some opinions 
 of the Annotations : 
 
 " Hammond was a man of very considerable learning and piety, 
 alloyed with a portion of superstition. He often succeeds in 
 illustrating the force and meaning of the Greek words and phrases 
 of the New Testament. His stock of classical and rabbinical in 
 formation was very respectable, and furnished him with some 
 valuable illustrations. He was a moderate Arminian in doctrinal 
 sentiment; a great stickler for the divine origin of episcopacy; 
 and held some peculiar notions about the Gnostics, to whom he 
 supposes there are many more allusions in the New Testament 
 than any one else is likely to find." Orme's Bibl. Sib. 
 
 One of the most excellent of Biblical critics complains 
 that Hammond 
 
 " Finds the Gnostics everywhere, which is his principal fault : 
 many of Le Clerc's animadversions upon these places are very 
 good ; and his edition of his book in Latin I think much preferable 
 to the original." DR. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 Orme remarks that Le Clerc's Supplement, 1699, 4to, 
 
 " Is necessary to complete Hammond, and contains many things 
 worth reading." 
 
 Mr. Bickersteth gives us his opinion of both : 
 
 " Valuable for criticism, but deficient in evangelical views. Le 
 Clerc wrote many additions with Socinian tendencies." Christian 
 Student. 
 
 " Le Clerc has observed, that Hammond in his Annotations on 
 the New Testament borrowed largely from Grotius and Episco- 
 pius, and Tillotson has been called a disciple of the latter." 
 BISHOP WATSON. 
 
 A late eminent modern authority remarks that Ham 
 mond's work is 
 
 " In great and growing reputation. There are many good criti 
 cisms, but many that are much mistaken." Home's Bibl. Bib> 
 
 Girdleston says that he 
 
 " Gives us the result of laborious study." 
 
 " Hammond excels in learned criticism to be read ' cum grano 
 sails.' " DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 "I would recommend Lowth and Patrick on the Old Testament, 
 and Hammond on the New." DR. SAMUEL JOHNSON. 
 
 " He [Dr. Johnson] was extremely fond of Dr. Hammond's works, 
 and sometimes gave them as a present to young men going into 
 orders. He also bought them for the library at Streatham." 
 Boswell's Johnson, MS. note by J. O. C. 
 
 "The Paraphrase and Annotations of Hammond on the New 
 Testament give a different colour to the Epistles of St. Paul from 
 that which they display in the hands of Beza and the other theo 
 logians of the sixteenth century." Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 4. Paraphrase and Annotations upon the Book of Psalms, 
 
 1659, '83, fol. This work is in vol. iv. (1684) of his col 
 lected works. New ed. by Brancker, 1850, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " The notes are most learned, and embrace many things which 
 are omitted by others, on which account Hammond is to be 
 reckoned among the best interpreters of the Psalms." WALCH. 
 
 " I think his plan of interpretation is the right one : he endea 
 vours first to give the literal sense, and thence deduces the mys 
 tical." BISHOP LOWTH. 
 
 " The substance of the remarks on the New Testament is ap 
 plicable to the Annotations on the Psalms. There is a great deal 
 of very dry criticism, which does not interest the reader much in 
 the subject of these sacred compositions. Hence this work is less 
 known and respected than the former." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 "Dr. Hammond's notes are exceedingly valuable, and contain 
 many learned observations that had escaped preceding commen 
 tators on the Book of Psalms." -Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 "Of use chiefly for its critical hints." Williams's C.P. 
 
 " A valuable critical exposition." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 5. A Pacific Discourse of God's Grace and Decrees, 
 
 1660, 8vo. 
 
 " Written in a good spirit on the Arminian sjde, endeavouring 
 to shew that Bishop Sanderson accorded with him." Bickersteth's 
 
 6. Paraphrases and Annotations upon the X. first Chap 
 ters of the Proverbs, 1683, fol. This forms vol. iv. (1684) 
 of his collected works. 
 
 " Great were his natural abilities, greater his acquired, and in 
 the whole circle of arts he was most accurate. He was eloquent 
 in the tongues, exact in antient and modern writers, was well 
 
HAM 
 
 HAM 
 
 vers'd in philosophy, and hetter in philology, most learn'd in 
 school divinity, and a great master in church antiquity, made up 
 of fathers, councils, ecclesiastical historians, and liturgies, as may 
 be at large seen in his most elaborate works." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 "His death was an unspeakable loss to the church; for, as he 
 was a man of great learning, and of most eminent merit, he ; 
 having been the person that during the bad times had maintained 
 the cause of the church in a very singular manner, so he was a 
 very moderate man in his temper, though with a high principle, 
 and would probably have fallen into healing counsels. He was 
 also much set on reforming abuses, and for raising the clergy to a 
 due sense of the obligations they lay under." BISHOP BURNET. 
 
 "He was the tutelar angel to keep many a poor royalist from 
 famishing ; it being verily believed that he yearly gave away more 
 than two hundred pounds." Fuller's Worthies. 
 
 "Dr. Hammond had extended learning and real piety, and is 
 valuable for criticism and antiquity; but his views are far from 
 the simplicity of the principles of the Reformation. He is not 
 sound on justification by faith; righteousness by faith in Christ 
 has ever been a stone of stumbling and a rock of offence. Rom. ix. 
 
 Yet one golden sentence of his deserves recording : 
 ' what a glorious thing, how rich a prize for the expense of a 
 man's whole life, were it to be the instrument of rescuing one 
 soul from ruin.' "BickerstetKs C. S. 
 
 See also Life by Bishop Fell ; Biog. Brit. ; Barwick's 
 Life; Lloyd's Memoirs; Peck's Desiderata; Churton's 
 Life of Nowell ; Usher's Life and Letters. 
 
 Hammond, Humphrey. Serins., Lon., 1715, both 
 Svo. 
 
 Hammond, J., D.D. An Historical Narration of 
 the whole Bible, Lon., 1723, 8vo. 
 
 Hammond, Jaoez D. Political History of New 
 York to Dec. 1840. Albany, 1843, 2 vols. 8vo ; vol. iiL, 
 Syracuse, 8vo. 
 
 " The work is written with candour and unstudied accuracy." 
 GOVERNOR SEWARD. 
 
 " Pains-taking, but not always accurate." PRESIDENT KING. 
 Hammond, James, M.P., 1710 P-1742, second son 
 of Anthony Hammond, M.P., cherished an unfortunate 
 because unavailing passion for Miss Dashwood, which 
 sought relief in his Love Elegies, pub. after his death 
 with a recommendatory preface by Lord Chesterfield. But 
 Dr. Beattie insists on it that Hammond was not in love 
 when he wrote these elegies : they are, indeed, principally 
 translations from Tibullus. Poetical Works, Glasg., 
 1787, 8vo. Reprinted in vol. xi. of Johnson's and Chal- 
 mer's Eng. Poets, and bound up in the same vol. with 
 Collins's poems in Bell's pocket ed. 
 
 "Where there is fiction, there is no passion: he that describes 
 himself as a shepherd, and his Neaera or Delia as a shepherdess, 
 and talks of goats and lambs, feels no passion. He that courts 
 his mistress with Roman imagery deserves to lose her ; for she 
 may with good reason suspect his sincerity." Dr. Johnson's Lives 
 of the Eng. Poets. 
 
 This is about as wise as are many other of the lexico 
 grapher's oracular decisions. 
 
 " Hammond was a young gentleman who appears to have fallen 
 in love about the year 1740, and who translated Tibullus into 
 English verse to let his mistress and the public know of it." 
 Hazlitt's Lect. on the Eng. Poets. 
 
 Hammond, James H., Ex-Governor of the State 
 of S. Carolina, b. in 1807, in Newberry district in that 
 state, has pub. some letters on slavery, and a number of 
 papers upon politics, manufactures, <fec. 
 
 Hammond, John. Leah and Rachel; or, the two 
 fruitful Sisters, Virginia and Maryland; their present 
 condition stated, Lon., 1656, 4to. 
 
 Hammond, John. The Practical Surveyor, Lon., 
 1762, 8vo. The same, pub. by S. Warner, 1780, 8vo. 
 
 Hammond, M. C. M., U. S. Army, a younger bro 
 ther of Ex-Governor Hammond, was born in 1814, in 
 Newberry district, South Carolina. He is the author of a 
 number of papers on military affairs, pub. in the Southern 
 Quarterly Review. He is said to be now engaged on a 
 trans, of Jomini's treatise on the Art of War. 
 
 Hammond, Col. Robert, Governor of the Isle of 
 Wight. Letters, Ac. rel. to Charles I., Lon., 1764, 8vo. 
 
 Hammond, Samuel. Young English Scholar's 
 Guide, Lon., 1744, 8vo. 
 
 -, H . a 1 mmond ' San >el H., b. 1809, at Bath, N.York. 
 
 1. iills, Lakes, and Forest Streams, N. York, 1854, 12mo. 
 
 2. Hunting Adventures in the Northern Wilds, 1855, 12mo. 
 
 3. In conjunction with L. W. Mansfield, Country Margins 
 and Summer Rambles, 1855, 12mo. 
 
 Hammond, or Hamond, Thomas. Commotion 
 of certaine Papists, Ac., Lon., 1605, 4to. 
 
 Hammond, Thomas. Measurer, Lon., 1669, 8vo. 
 
 Hammond, William, of St.Alban's Court, in East 
 Kent, the collateral ancestor of James Hammond; see ante. 
 Poems, Lon., 1655, 8vo. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 342, 4 4s! 
 Reprint, 1816, 4to. Sixty-one copies printed, with a pre 
 face by Sir S. E. Brydges. 
 
 "One of the forgotten Poem-writers of the last age." Phittips's 
 Theat. Poet. Anglic. 
 
 Hammond, William. Serm., Lon., 1745, 12mo. 
 
 Hammond, William. Serm., Lon., 1776, 12mo. 
 
 Hammond, William Andrew. The Definitions 
 of Faith and Canons, <fcc., Oxf., 1843, 8vo. 
 
 Hamond, George. See HAMMOND. 
 
 Hamond, Thomas. See HAMMOND. 
 
 Hamond, Walter. 1. Trans, of A. Parey on Gun 
 shot, &c. Wounds, Lon., 1617, 4to. 2. Madagascar, 1640, 
 4to. 3. Madagascar the Richest Island, <fcc., 1643, 4to. 
 
 Hamor, Ralph e. A trve Discovrse of the present 
 Estate of Virginia, Lon., 1615, 4to. 
 
 Hampden, John, 1594-1643, the resolute opposer 
 of the king's alleged right to levy ship-money, was slain 
 whilst fighting against Prince Rupert at Chalgrave Field. 
 Speach in defense of Himself and others, 1641, 4to. See 
 Biog. Brit. ; the Histories of Eng. ; Noble's Memoirs of 
 Cromwell; Clarendon's Rebellion; Lord Nugent's Me 
 morials of Hampden, 1852, 2 vols. 8vo. New ed., 1854, 
 p. 8vo. The last-named work was reviewed by T. B. 
 Macaulay in Edin. Rev., liv. 505-550; and by Robert 
 Southey in the Lon. Quar. Rev., xlvii. 457-519. 
 
 Hampden, Renn Dickson, D.D., in 1810 was en 
 tered of Oriel College, Oxford, of which he subsequently 
 became Fellow and Tutor ; Public Examiner in Classics 
 in 1829, and also in 1831; Bampton Lecturer, 1832; Prin 
 cipal of St. Mary's Hall, 1833 ; White's Prof, of Moral 
 Philos., 1834; Regius Prof, of Divinity, 1836; Bishop of 
 Hereford, 1847. His appointment to the two last-named 
 offices excited violent opposition, based upon alleged un- 
 soundness of doctrine exhibited in Dr. Hampden's Bamp 
 ton Lectures (1.) The Scholastic Philosophy considered 
 in its relation to Christian Theology, preached 1832, Ox 
 ford, 1832, 8vo; 2d ed., Lon., 1837, 8vo; 3d ed., 1848, 8vo. 
 Reviewed in the British Critic, xiv. 125. Dr. Hampden 
 has also pub. (2.) De Ephororum apud Lacedaemonias 
 magistratu. Disputatio cancellarii prsemiodonata, et in 
 theatro Sheldoniano recitata die Jun. xxii., A. D. 1814, pp. 
 22, r. 8vo. 3. Philosophical Evidence of Christianity, 
 &c., 1827, 8vo. This vol. has been declared to be "an 
 appropriate and worthy companion to Butler's Analogy." 
 4. Religious Dissent, 1834, 8vo. See British Critic for 
 Jan'y, 1835. 5. Lects. on Moral Philosophy, 8vo. 6. In 
 augural Lect. before the Univ. of Oxford, 2d ed., 1836, 8vo. 
 See Edin. Rev., Ixiii. 225-239. 7. Parochial Serms. and 
 four other Serms., 1836, 8vo. 8. On Tradition, 1839, 8vo ; 
 4th ed., 1841, 8vo. 9. Serm., Jer. xxiii. 5, 6 ; 3d ed., 1840, 
 8vo. 10. Serm., John xvii. 17-21, 1844, 8vo. 11. The 
 Work of Christ and the Spirit, 1847, 8vo. 12. Letter to 
 Lord John Russell, 1847, 8vo. 13. Serms. before the Univ. 
 of Oxford, 1836-47, 8vo, 1848. 14. Charge at his Pri 
 mary Visitation, 1850, Svo. 
 
 We must not forget to give Dr. Hampden credit for his 
 able articles on Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, in the Ency 
 clopaedia Britannica, and the review of the writings of 
 Thomas Aquinas and the scholastic philosophy in the 
 Encyclopaedia Metropolitana. See a notice by Sir Wil 
 liam Hamilton of the article on Aristotle's Philosophy 
 in the Edinburgh Review for April, 1833 ; also pub. in 
 Sir William's Discussions on Philosophy, &c. Sir William 
 remarks that 
 
 " Dr. Whately's errors relative to Induction are, however, sur 
 passed by those of another able writer, Mr. Hampden, in regard 
 both to that process itself, and to the Aristotelian exposition of 
 its nature." 
 
 The review of the writings of Aquinas and the scho 
 lastic philosophy has been highly commended by a very 
 eminent authority : 
 
 " Dr. Hampden, in his Life of Thomas Aquinas and view of the 
 scholastic philosophy, published in the Encyclopaedia Metropoli 
 tana, has the merit of having been the only Englishman, past or 
 present, so far as I know, since the revival of letters, who has 
 penetrated fer into the wilderness of scholasticism." Hattam's 
 Lit. Hist, of Europe, ed. 1854, vol. i. 14, n.; see also p. 8, n. 13. 
 
 As regards the celebrated controversy which has made 
 the name of Dr. Hampden so famous over the ecclesiastical 
 world, we of course have no right to express an opinion 
 in these pages. Indeed, we do not profess to have made 
 any attempt to master so hydra-headed a subject. But, 
 for the benefit of those who have more curiosity or more 
 leisure than ourselves, we append the following list of 
 publications upon this qucestio vexata. 
 
 1. Letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury, by Jortin 
 Redivivus, 3d ed., 1836, 8vo, pp. 40. 2. State of Parties in 
 Oxford, 1836, Svo, pp. 61. 3. Elucidations of Dr. Hamp 
 den's Theolog. Statements, 1836, Svo, pp. 47. 4. Corresp. 
 between Dr. Hampden and the Archbishop of Canterbury, 
 2d ed., 1838, pp. 38. 5. Statements of Christian Doctrine 
 
HAM 
 
 from the pub. Writings of Dr. Hampden, 1836, pp. 36. 
 6. Dr. Hampden's Theolog. Statements and the Thirty -Nine 
 Articles Compared, 1836, pp. 62. 7. Dr. Hampden's Past 
 and Present Statements Compared, 1836, pp. 22. 8. The 
 Official and Legal Proceedings connected with the Appoint 
 ment of Dr. Hampden to the see of Hereford ; the numerous 
 Extracts from the Canonists collated with the original 
 authorities and translated, with Notes and an Appendix, 
 1848, 8vo. See also the following articles in periodicals : 
 9 Edin. Rev., Ixiii. 225. 10. Brit, and For. Rev., xv. 169. 
 11. N. Brit. Rev., viii. 286. 12. Blackw. Mag., xxxix. 
 425, 428, 431, 468. 13. Eraser's Mag., xxxvu. 105. 
 14. Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxiii. 2221. 15. N. Haven Church 
 Rev., i. 246. 
 
 Dr. Southey partook of the indignation which was ex 
 cited by the appointment of Dr. Hampden to the Regius 
 Professorship, and thus expresses himself in a letter to 
 Herbert Hill: 
 
 "James II.'s conduct in obtruding a Romish president upon 
 Magdalen was not worse than that of the present ministry in ap 
 pointing Dr. Hampden to the professorship of divinity. If they 
 had given him any other preferment, even a bishopric, it would 
 have been only one proof among many that it is part of their 
 policy to promote men of loose opinions; but to place him in the 
 office which he now holds was an intended insult to the Univer 
 sity. In no way could the "Whigs expect so materially to injure 
 the Church as by planting Germanized professors in our schools 
 of divinity. Thank God, there is too much sound learning in the 
 land for them to succeed in this." Keswick, April 2, 1836. 
 
 It is not a little curious, considered in connexion with 
 the above, that the bishopric followed the professorship. 
 
 On the other hand, for it is our wont to let each side 
 speak for itself, the Edinburgh Reviewer (supra) can 
 hardly find terms strong enough to express his indigna 
 tion at the persecution to which he alleges Dr. Hampden 
 has been subjected : 
 
 " And for such persecution," he tells us, "the plea of conscience 
 is not admissible ; it can only be a conscience so blinded by wilful 
 neglect of the highest truth, or so corrupted by the habitual in 
 dulgence of evil passions, that it rather aggravates than excuses 
 the guilt of those whom it misleads." April, 1836 : 239. 
 
 Hampden, Rob. Trevor, Vice-corn, de Britannia, 
 Lathmon, Villa Bromhamensis, Poemata, nunc primum 
 curante Filio Joan. Trevor edita, Parmae, Typis Bodo- 
 nianis, 1792, fol. 115 copies printed. Vellum paper, 15 
 copies printed. One copy on vellum sold at Junot's sale 
 for 15 15*. Ordinary copies have been sold at 1 16s. 
 to 6 6s. These poems are praised by Lords Hardwicke 
 and Lyttelton. 
 
 Hampe, John Henry, M.D. 1. Metallurgy, Lon., 
 1778, fol. Posth. 2. Con. on nat. hist, to Phil. Trans., 
 1738, '70. 
 
 Hamper, Wm., 1776-1831, a native of Birmingham 
 England. The Life, Diary, and Corresp. of Sir Wm. Dug- 
 dale, Lon., 1837, r. 4to. This is one of the best commen 
 taries on the events of the Great Rebellion. 
 
 " For numerous points of remarkable information, and for very 
 many other great merits, we cordially commend this volume to 
 every literary man and library in Great Britain." ion. Lit, Gaz. 
 See also Lon. Gent. Mag. ; Lon. Month. Rev., July, 1827 
 Dibdin's Lib. Cornp., ed. 1825, p. 162; our life of Sm WM 
 DUGDALE, in this Dictionary. 
 
 Hampole, Hampoole, or Hampull, Richard. 
 See ROLLE. 
 
 Hampson, Sir G. F. Duties of Trustees, 2d ed. 
 Lon., 1830, 8vo. 
 
 Hampson, John. 1. Calvinism, 1788, 8vo. 2. Mem 
 of John Wesley, &c., 1791, 3 vols. 12mo. 3. Poetics of 
 Vida, Ac., 1793, 8vo. 4. Serms., 1793, 8vo. 
 
 Hampson, R. T. 1. Dates, Charters, and Customs 
 of the Middle Ages, Lon., 1841, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Origines 
 Patriciae ; or, a Deduction of European Titles of Nobility 
 and Dignified Officers from their Primitive Sources, 1846. 
 8vo and r. 8vo. 
 
 " None can be said to know things well, who do not know them 
 in the beginning." SIR WM. TEMPLE. 
 
 Hampson, Wm. 1. Duckingfield Lodge; a Poem 
 Lon., 1793, 4to. 2. Essay on the Management of Cows 
 1796, 8vo. 
 
 Hampstead, Capt. J. 1. Naval Tactics, 1808, 4to 
 2. Phenomena of Nature, 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Hampton. Existei 
 proved, Lon., 1711, 8vo. 
 
 Hampton, George. Theolog. treatises,Lon.,1785,<fec 
 
 Hampton, James N. Fall of Man, Lon., 1750, 8vo 
 
 Hampton, Rev. James, d. 1778. 1. Trans, from 
 
 the Greek of the General Hist, of Polybius, Lon., 1756 
 
 '72, 2 vols. 4to ; 1772, 4 vols. 8vo. With a Preface by Dr 
 
 Johnson. 2. Two Extracts from the 6th Book of Polybius 
 
 1764, 4to. 
 
 HAN 
 
 " Accuracy and probity shine in his writings. He was a scholar, 
 a statesman, and a philosopher. In Polybius we meet with nothing 
 but unadorned simplicity and plain reason. . . . The English trans 
 lator has preserved the admirable sense and improved the coarse 
 riginal.' 'GIBBON. 
 
 " I was very little acquainted with the merits of this work till 
 hey were pointed out by Jebb. The Preface was certainly revised 
 d improved by Dr. Johnson." DR. PARR. 
 
 "Polybius's history is interwoven with sound political reflec- 
 ions." CHANCELLOR KENT. 
 
 Hampton, Wm. Serms., 1660, '67, both 4to. 
 Hamstead, J. Cause of Gravity, Ac., 1811. Pro- 
 )ably the same as HAMSTEAD, CAPT. J., above. 
 Hanam, Richard. See HAINAM. 
 Hanburg, N. 1. Horologia Scoterica, Ac., Lon., 1682, 
 4to. 2. Supp. Analyticum ad Equationes Cartesianis, 
 Camb., 1691, 4to. 
 
 Hanbnry, Barnard, and Rev. George Wad- 
 dington. Journal of a Visit to some Parts of Ethiopia, 
 Lon., 1822, 4to. 
 
 " Mr. Waddington, we understand, has the reputation of being 
 good classical scholar ; we cannot however say much in favour 
 f his English." ion. Quar. Rev., xxvii. 215-239, q. v, 
 
 Hanbury, Benjamin. Hist. Memorials of the Con- 
 fe Tegationalists, Lon., 1839-44, 3 vols. 8vo. Reviewed in 
 Lon. Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., vi. 335. 
 
 Hanbury, Rev. Wm., of Leicester, d. 1718, pub. A 
 Complete Body of Planting and Gardening, Lon., 1770- 
 73, 2 vols. fol., and some other works, 1758-67. 
 
 Hancock, Blith. 1. Eclipses, Norw., 1783, 8vo. 
 2. Astronomy of Comets, 1786, 8vo. 
 
 Hancock, John, D.D., Rector of St. Margaret's, Loth- 
 bury, London, Preb. of Canterbury, and Chaplain to the 
 Duke of Bedford. Serms., Ac., 1697-1739. 
 Hancock, John, 1670-1752, a minister of Lexington, 
 
 Serms., 1722, '24, '26, '48. 
 
 Hancock, John, d. 1744, aged 41, a minister of Brain- 
 tree, Mass., son of the preceding. Serms., Ac., 1738, '39, 
 '43, '48. 
 
 Hancock, John, LL.D., 1737P-1793, one of the 
 signers of the Declaration of American Independence, a 
 son of John Hancock of Braintree, and a grandson of 
 John Hancock of Lexington, was a native of Quincy, 
 Mass.; grad. at Harvard Coll., 1754; Member of the House 
 of Rep. for Boston, 1766; President of the Provincial Con 
 gress of Mass., 1774; President of the Continental Con 
 gress, 1775; Governor of Mass., 1780-84 and 1787-93. 
 He pub. an Oration on the Boston Massacre, 1774. See 
 Lives of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence ; 
 National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans; 
 the histories of the United States. 
 Hancock, John. On Quakers,Lon.,1802,'03,both 8vo. 
 Hancock, Robert. Serm., <fcc., Lon., 1680, '82, 
 both 4to. 
 
 Hancock, Thomas, M.D., wrote a number of books 
 in defence of the principles of the Quakers, (Lon., 1828, 
 '35, <fcc.,) one of which was an answer to Crewsden's Bea 
 con to the Society of Friends. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 
 col. 1176-77. 
 
 "Dr. Hancock cleaves to the mysticism of Barclay, but advances 
 some admirable sentiments." Ubi supra. 
 
 Hancock, Wm., minister of St. Paul's Chapel, Kil- 
 burn. 1. Hear the Church, 4th ed., Lon., 1848, fp. 8vo. 
 2. Serm., 12mo. 3. Two Serms., 1841, 12mo. 4. Posth. 
 Serms., 1845, p. 8vo. 
 
 Handasyd, Talbot Blayney. Antiquities near 
 Bagshot; Archseol., 1785. 
 
 Handley, James. 1. Colloquia Chirurgica, Lon., 
 1705, 8vo. 2. Comp. of Anatomy, 1705, 8vo. 3. Animal 
 Economy, <fcc., 1721, 8vo. 4. The Plague, 1721, 8vo. 
 
 Hands, Eliz. Death of Amnon; a Poem, Lon., 
 1789, 8vo. 
 
 Hands, Wm. 1. Rules in K. B., Lon., 1796, 8vo. 
 2. Solic. Prac. in K. B., 1803, 8vo. 3. Patents for Inven 
 tions, 1808, 8vo. 4. Solic. Assist, in Ct. of Chan., 1809, 
 8vo. 5. Election Petitions, 1812, 8vo. 6. Fines and Recov. 
 in Ct. C. P., 4th ed., 1825, 8vo. 
 
 Handy, Washington R., M.D., Prof, of Anatomy 
 and Physiology in Baltimore Coll. of Dental Surgery, b. 
 1812, in Somerset co., Maryland. A Text-Book of Anato 
 my, and Guide in Dissections, Phila., 1854, r. 8vo, pp. 810. 
 "It is adapted alike to Medical and Dental Students." South. 
 Jour, of Med. and Phys. Sci. 
 
 Dr. H. has contributed largely to the Amer. Jour, of 
 Dental Science, and to the Brit. Med. and Surg. Jour. 
 Hanerneld, Thomas. Funl. Serm., 1811. 
 Hanford, C. J., editor of an English trans, from the 
 Spanish of Balmez's Protestantism and Catholicity com 
 pared, &c., Lon., 1849, 8vo. 
 I " This work has not undeservedly been translated into English, 
 
HAN 
 
 French, and Italian. Moderate in its tone, tolerant in its senti 
 ments, and on the whole candid in its statements, it is one of the 
 few works of religious controversy that maintain throughout a 
 philosophic character and spirit." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 Hanger, Col. George, afterwards Lord Cole- 
 raine, served in the American war, and gives an account 
 of his residence in this country in his Life, Adventures, 
 and Opinions, Lon., 1801, 2 vols. 8vo. He also pub. tracts 
 on military subjects, 1789, '92, '95, 1804, and the Lives, 
 Adventures, and Sharping Tricks of eminent Gamesters, 
 1804, 12mo. 
 
 Hanger, Philip. Men castaway at Sea, Lon., 1675, 
 4to. 
 
 Hanhart, M. and N. Narrative of the Cruise of the 
 Yacht Maria among the Faroe Islands, in the Summer of 
 1854, Lon., 1855, r. 8yo. 
 
 Hankin, Christiana C. Life of Mary Anne Schim- 
 melpenninck, Author of Select Memoirs of Port Royal, 
 and other Works, edited by her Relation, C. C. H. See 
 Lon. Athen., 1858, Pt. 2, 166, and Lon. Examiner. 
 
 Hankin, Rev. Edward, M.D. Polit. tracts, Ac., 
 1786-1815. 
 
 Hankinson, Thomas E. Serms., Ac., Lon., 1833-44. 
 Hanley, P., M.D. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1771. 
 Hanley, Sylvanus. 1. Young Conchologist's Book 
 of Species, Lon., 1840, '42, p. 8vo. 2. Ipsa Linnaei Con- 
 chylia, 1855, 8vo. 
 
 " His Shells of Linnaeus will rank as the standard by which all 
 systematic conchologists must henceforth abide as respects the 
 nomenclature of the Linnaean species." Westminster Rev., April, 
 1856, q. v. 
 
 3. Enlarged ed. of Wood's Index Testaceologicus, 1855, 
 Ac. 4. In conjunction with W. Wood, English ed. of 
 Lamarck's Cat. of Recent Shells, 1844-50. 5. Catalogue 
 of Bivalve Shells, 1856, 8vo. 
 
 Hanmer. J. W. Reports of Cases in K.B., &c., from 
 the MSS. of Lord Kenyon, Lon., 1819-25, 2 vols. 8vo. See 
 Wallace's Reporters; Marvin's Leg. Bibl. 
 
 Hanmer, Sir John, Bart. 1. Sonnets, Lon., 12mo. 
 2. Fra Cipolla, and other Poems, 1839, 8vo. Commended 
 by Lon. Athen., 1839, 982. . 
 
 Hanmer, Rev. Jonathan, d. 1687, wrote a work 
 upon Confirmation,,1658, 8vo, one on Eccles. Antiq., and 
 some other treatises. 
 
 Hanmer, Meredith, D.D., 1543-1604, Chaplain of 
 Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf., and subsequently treasurer to 
 the Church of the Holy Trinity, Dublin. 1. Chronicle of 
 Ireland, by M. Hanmer, Edm. Campion, and Edm. Spen 
 ser. Pub. by Sir James Ware, Dubl., 1633, fol. 2. A 
 Chronographie. This is annexed to his trans, of the 
 Eccles. Histories of Eusebius, Socrates, and Evagrius, Lon., 
 1577, '85, 1650, fol. 3. The Jesuities Banner, 1581, 4to 
 4. Confut of M. Champion, 1581, 8vo. 5. The Baptizing 
 of a Turkej a Serm., 1586, 16mo. Other works. 
 
 Hanmer, Sir Thomas, M.P., 1676?-1746, Speaker 
 of the House of Commons and M.P. for nearly thirty years 
 devoted much time and labour to the preparation of an 
 edit, of the Works of Shakspeare, which he presented to 
 the Univ. of Oxford. It was pub., Oxford, 1744, 6 vols 
 4to, with engravings by Gravelot. See Lowndes's Bibl 
 Man., 1647 ; Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 801. In 1838 
 8vo, appeared Sir Thomas's Life and Corresp., which has 
 been already noticed. See BUNBURY, SIR HENRY. 
 
 Hanna, William, LL.D. See CHALMERS, THOMAS 
 D.D., LL.D. 
 
 Hannam, John. Economy of Waste Manures, Lon. 
 1844, fp. 8vo. 
 
 " The treatise is valuable, and the author is known as the write 
 of several prize essays." Donaldson's AgricuU. Biog. 
 
 Mr. H.'s Prize Essays have been On the Use of Han 
 Tillages, On the Effects of Special Manures, Ac. 
 
 " Mr. Hannam's excellent treatise on Waste Manures points ou 
 the great loss of manure going on on almost every farm, and i 
 gives directions which will be found extremely useful for the pre 
 servation of all kinds of manures in their most effective state." 
 Address of the Council of the Yorkshire Agr. Soc. Trans., 1843, pag 
 135. 
 
 Hannam, Richard. See HAINAM. 
 Hannam, Rev. Thomas. 1. An Analyt. Comp. 
 or, Outlines of Serms., Lon., 1801-02, 2 vols. 18mo. 2. Th 
 Pulpit Assist. ; or, Outlines of Serms., 1810, 4 vols. 18mo 
 5th ed., revised by James Anderson, 1840, 18mo. 
 
 Hannay, David. Ned Allen; or, The Past Age 
 Lon., 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " We have read Mr. Hannay's lucubrations with much edifica 
 tion." Lon. Lit. Gazette. 
 
 Hannay, George K. 1. Concord, to the N. Test 
 
 Edin., 1835, 32mo. Commended by Lowndes's Brit. Lib 
 
 2. Concord, to the 0. and N. Tests., Lon., 1837, r. 18mo 
 
 new ed., 1839. 
 
 782 
 
 HAN 
 
 " Such a work is all that the Scripture student could desire." 
 cottish Guardian. 
 
 Hannay, James, b. at Dumfries, Scotland, in 1827, 
 erved in the Royal Navy until 1845, since which he has 
 evoted his time to literary pursuits. He has been a large 
 ontributor to Punch and other English periodicals. 1. Bis- 
 uits and Grog, 1838. 2. Claret-Cup, 1848. 3. Hearts are 
 rumps, 1848. 4. King Dobbs, 1849. 5. Singleton Fonte- 
 oy, 1850, 3 vols. 6. Sands and Shells, 1854. 7. Satire 
 nd Satirists: Six Lects. 8. Eustace Conyers, 1855, 3 
 ols. Mr. Hannay occupies a distinguished position as a 
 riter of fiction. See Men of the Time, Lon., 1856. 
 Hannay, Patrick. 1. Two Elegies, Lon., 1619, 4to. 
 . A Happy Husband, 1619, 8vo. 3. The Nightingale, 
 heretine and Mariana, Songs and Sonets, and the two 
 receding works, all in one vol. 8vo, 1622. Sold at Bind- 
 iy*i sale for 35 14s. ; Sykes's, 42 ; Perry's, 38 6s. 
 Hannay, R. Polit. publications, 1821-31. 
 Hannay, Robert. Proceed, of the Quakers, 1694. 
 Hannes, Edward. An Account of the Dissection 
 f the Duke of Gloucester, 1700, 4to. 
 Hannes, Wm. Serms., 1717-25. 
 Hansard, George. Law rel. to Aliens, 1844-46, 8vo. 
 Hansard, George Agar. The Book of Archery, 
 on., 1840, 8vo. With 15 illustrations. 
 " The pictorial embellishments are some of the most beautiful 
 we have seen." Lon. Art-Union. 
 
 Hansard, Hugh J. Letters and Thoughts rel. to 
 !hristian Knowledge and Justice, 1784, 8vo. 
 
 Hansard, John. Entries of Declarations, and other 
 'leadings, &c., Lon., 1685, fol. 
 
 Hansard, T. C. Parliamentary Debates from 1803 
 o 1856, and continued regularly. Cobbett's Parl. Debates 
 were merged in Hansard's Debates. To these the legal 
 and historical student should add Parliamentary History, 
 from the earliest period (1072) to 1803, 36 vols., and How- 
 ell's State Trials, 34 vols. r. 8vo. And, if he can, let him 
 also procure the Rolls of Parliament, 1278-1503, with the 
 General Index, 7 vols. fol. Respecting the value of the 
 Parliamentary History to the historical student, see Prof. 
 Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist, and Lord Brougham's Po- 
 itical Philosophy. To Mr. Hansard we are also indebted 
 or Typographia, 1825, r. 8vo, and for Treatises on Print- 
 ng and Type-Founding, pub. in Encyc. Brit., and re 
 printed in a p. 8vo vol. ; last ed., 1851. 
 
 "A Printer's manual, which every one in the trade will find it 
 his interest to possess." Westminster Review. 
 
 Hanselins, J. G. Medicina Brevis, 1714, 8vo. 
 Hanson, A. C. 1. Laws of Maryland, 1765-84, 
 Annap., 1787, fol. 2. Rept. case Baptis Irvine, Bait,, 
 1808, 8vo. 
 
 Hanson, Rev. J. H., d. 1857. The Lost Prince: 
 Facts tending to prove the identity of Louis XVII. of France 
 and the Rev. Eleazer Williams, Missionary to the Indians, 
 N. York, 1854, 12mo. See Putnam's Mag., Feb., April, and 
 July, 1853 ; Feb. 1854. In the Appendix to the Redeemed 
 Captive Returning to Zion, being an account of the Rev. 
 John Williams, (Northampton, Mass., 1853, 16mo,) the 
 author professes to prove that the Rev. Eleazer Williams 
 is a direct descendant of the Rev. John Williams, and 
 therefore that he cannot be "The Lost Prince." Mr. Wil 
 liams d. in 1858. See Knickerbocker Mag., Nov. 1858. 
 
 Hanson, Rev. J. W., b. 1823, at Boston, Mass. 
 1. Hist, of Danvers, Mass. 2. Hist, of Norridgewock, 
 Maine. 3. Hist, of Gardiner, Maine. 4. Starry Oracles. 
 5. Ladies' Casket. 6. Flora's Dial. 7. Offering to Beauty. 
 8. Witnesses to the Truth, <fcc. 
 Hanson, Joseph. Petitions for Peace, 1808. 
 Hanson, Sir Levett. Hist, of Knighthood, Lon., 
 1802, 2 vols. 8vo. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1080. 
 
 Hanson, Martha. Sonnets, &c., 1809, Lon., 2 vols. 
 8vo. 
 
 Hanson, Raphe. Certain Nautical Questions. 
 Hanvil, John, a monk of St. Alban's, of the 12th 
 cent., wrote a long Latin poem, in nine books, entit. Archi- 
 trenius, Paris, 1517, 4to. There are two MSS. of it in the 
 Bodleian Library, with some epistles, epigrams, and other 
 poems, by the same author. 
 
 Hanway, James. Brit. Troops in America, 1760, 8vo. 
 Hanway, John. 1. Psalmi Davidis I., &c., Lon., 
 1723, fol.; 1726, 8vo. 2. Trans, and Poems, 1730, 8vo. 
 
 Hanway, Jonas, 1712-1786, a native of Portsmouth, 
 England, resided for some years in Russia, engaged in 
 mercantile business. On his return he pub. the work by 
 which he is best known : An Hist. Account of the Brit. 
 Trade over the Caspian Sea, with a Jour, of Travels from 
 London through Russia into Persia, and back again 
 through Russia, Germany, and Holland, Lon., 1753-54, 
 
HAR 
 
 HAR 
 
 4 vols. 4to. This is a work of considerable value ; but | 
 some years later Jonas gave to the world an account of a 
 much less extensive tour, viz. : A Journal of Eight Days' 
 Journey from Portsmouth to Kingston-upon-Thames, 
 through Southampton, "Wiltshire, &c. To which is added 
 an Essay upon Tea and its pernicious consequences, 1756, 
 2 vols. 8vo. Dr. Johnson's notice of these works deserves 
 to be quoted : 
 
 "Jonas," says he, "acquired some reputation by travelling 
 abroad, but lost it all by travelling at home." SoswelPs Johnson: 
 
 Where see also the account of Johnson's defence of his 
 favourite beverage against Jonas's onslaught upon it, and 
 the good philanthropist's rejoinder. 
 
 Hanway took a lively interest in the promotion of reli 
 gion and the welfare of the poorer classes, and pub. many 
 treatises upon these subjects. See Pugh's Life of Han- 
 way; Johnson's Works, by Hawkins; Watt's Bibl. Brit; 
 Forster's Life of Goldsmith; McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. 
 Econ. ; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. Ixv. Jonas deserves a kindly 
 remembrance every rainy day, for to him the male sex are 
 indebted for the use of the umbrella. The great Christian 
 institution of the Sunday-School, which no Christian or 
 patriot should neglect, found a zealous advocate in the 
 excellent Hanway. He was also the principal founder of 
 the Marine Society and the Magdalen Hospital. 
 
 Harbaugh, Henry, b. 1817, Franklin co., Penna., 
 pastor of the First German Reformed Church, Lancaster, 
 Penna. 1. Heaven ; or, The Sainted Dead, Phila., 1848, 
 12mo. 2. Heavenly Recognition of Friends, 1851, 12mo. 
 3. Heavenly Home, 1853, 12mo. 4. Birds of the Bible, 
 1854, 4to. 5. Union with the Church, 1856, 18mo. 6. 
 The Fathers of the German Reformed Church in Europe 
 and America, 1857-58, 3 vols. 12mo. 7. The Life of the 
 Rev. Michael Schlatter, 1857, 12mo. 8. The True Glory 
 of Woman, 1858, 12mo. Mr. Harbaugh's works have been 
 widely circulated and highly commended. 
 
 Harbert, Sir Wm., Knt. 1. Lett, to a Roman pre 
 tended Catholike, Lon., 1586, 4to. 2. Laudes of Sir P. 
 Sidney, 1586, 4to. 3. Prophesie of Cadwallader, last 
 King of the Britaines, 1606, 4to. Bindley, 7 10s. 
 
 Harbin. Rev. George. See BEDFORD, HILKIAH. 
 
 Harbin, Thomas. Traveller's Companion, Lon., 
 1702. 
 
 Harby, Isaac, 1788-1828, a native of Charleston, 
 S. C., was the author of the Gordian Knot, a Play, 1807; 
 Albert!, a Play ; an Address before the Reformed Society 
 of Israelites, 1825 ; and numerous essays in the periodi 
 cals of the day. In June, 1828, he removed to New York, 
 where he contributed to the Evening Post, and other 
 Journals. A selection from his Miscellaneous Writings 
 was pub. 1829, Charleston, 8vo, by Henry L. Pinckney 
 and Abraham Moise. See Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. 
 
 Harby, Thomas. Passages of Scripture, 1678, fol. 
 
 Harcourt, James, D.D. Serms., 1721, '35, both 4to. 
 
 Harcourt, Leveson Vernon, Chancellor of the 
 Cathedral, and Preb. of York. 1. The Doctrine of the 
 Deluge, Lon., 1838, 2 vols. 8vo. A valuable work. 2. A 
 Remonstrance to the Bp. of Exeter, <fcc., 1850, Svo. 3. 
 Lects. on the Four Gospels Harmonized, 1851, 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 Harcourt, Robert. A Relation of a Voyage to 
 Guiana, Lon., 1613, '26, 4to. La meme, traduite en Hol- 
 landais, Leyden, 1707, Svo. This will be also found entire 
 in the Harleian Miscell., and a portion of it is iii Pur- 
 chas's Pilgrimes, vol. iv. Lowndes, by a misprint doubt 
 less, makes it read Voyage to Guinea! 
 
 Hard castle, David, Jr. 1. Letters on the Currency, 
 Lon., Svo. 2. Banks and Bankers, 2d ed., 1842, p. Svo. 
 The bankers of a country the Hopes and Welles' and 
 Barings of the Old World, and the Wards, the Drexels, 
 the Clarks, and the Corcorans of the New are powerful 
 auxiliaries to the enterprise and energy developed in the 
 walks of Commerce and the marts of Trade. 
 
 Hardcastle, Thomas. Christian Geography and 
 Arithmetic, being a Survey of the World in several Serms., 
 Lon., 1674, Svo. 
 
 Hardcastle, Wm. 1. Genealog. Text-Book ; Brit. 
 Hist., Lon., ISmo. 2. Cat. of Astronomy, &c., 1845, ISmo. 
 
 Hardeby, Geoffrey, an Augustine monk, confessor 
 to Henry II., and Prof, at Oxford, d. 1360, wrote Lects. 
 on the 0. and N. Tests., A Hist, of his Order, and a Tract 
 on Evangelical Poverty. 
 
 Hardie, David. Taxation of Coals, Lon., 1792, Svo. 
 
 Hardie, Thomas. Serms., Hawick, 1811. 
 
 Hardiman, J. Hist, of the Town and County of 
 Galway, Dubl., 1820, 4to. 
 
 " A valuable addition to Irish topography." 
 
 Hardin, Martin D., of Kentucky. Rep. of Cases 
 
 in Court of Appeals, Kentucky, 1805-08, Frankfort, 
 1810, 8vo. 
 Harding. Farmers' Account-Book for 1816-17. 
 
 Harding, A. An Epitome of Universal History from 
 the Earliest Period to 1848, Lon., 1848, Svo. 
 
 " Historical charts, and a copious chronological index to assist 
 the memory, add to the usefulness of this epitome, which is 
 otherwise well calculated for the purposes of instruction." Lon. 
 Lit. Gazette. 
 
 Harding, J. D., b. 1797, an artist of London, has 
 pub. a number of valuable works, among which are Lessons 
 on Art, The Guide and Companion to the Lessons on Art, 
 Lessons on Trees, Elementary Art, and the Principles of 
 Art. Sketches at Home and Abroad : 60 tinted drawings, 
 imp. fol. 
 
 " A treasure-house of delight. Here Northern Italy yields up 
 its architectural glories and its lake-scenery, Venice its palaces, 
 the Tyrol its romantic valleys and villages, the Rhenish cities 
 their picturesque beauty, and France and England their greenest 
 spots of remembrance." ion. AVien. 
 
 See Men of the Time, Lon., 1856 ; Westm. Rev., April,1855. 
 
 Harding, J. W. Sketches in North Wales, Lon., 
 1810, fol. 
 
 Harding, or Hardyng, John, an old English 
 chronicler, b. 1378, lived at least to the age of 87. He 
 was employed in collecting documents for the purpose of 
 ascertaining what fealty was due from the Scottish kings 
 to the kings of England, and is said to have forged papers 
 where he did not find what he looked for : but it is pos 
 sible that Harding himself was deceived. Certain it is 
 that he acquired a taste for such researches, and drew up 
 a Metrical Chronicle of England from the earliest times 
 to the reign of Henry IV. It was first printed by Graf- 
 ton, with a continuation to the 34th year of Henry VIII., 
 by the same, in prose, in 1543, sm. 4to. This edit is very 
 rare; the Roxburghe copy was sold for 13 13s., which 
 we believe to have been the highest price ever paid for it. 
 In 1812 a new ed. was pub. in r. 4to, with a biographical 
 and literary preface by Sir Henry Ellis. To this preface, 
 and to the authorities subjoined below, we refer the 
 reader. 
 
 " This work is almost beneath criticism, and fit only for the at 
 tention of an antiquary. Harding may be pronounced to be the 
 most impotent of our metrical historians, especially where we 
 recollect the great improvements which English poetry had now 
 received. I will not even except Robert of Gloucester, who lived 
 in the infancy of taste and versification. The chronicle of this 
 authentic and laborious annalist has hardly those more modest 
 graces which could properly recommend and adorn a detail of 
 the British story in prose. He has left some pieces in prose; and 
 Winstanley says, ' As his prose was very usefull, so was his poetry, 
 as much delightfull.' I am of opinion that both his prose and 
 poetry are equally useful and delightful. What can be more 
 frigid and unanimated than these lines ? 
 
 " Kyng Arthure then in Avalon so died,' &c. ?" 
 
 Warton's Hist. ofEng. Poet., ed. 1840; ii. 330. 
 
 Good old Thomas Fuller estimates Harding's poetry at 
 a much higher rate : 
 
 " In my judgment, he had drank as hearty a draught of Helicon 
 as any in his age." Worthies of Yorkshire, ed. 1840, iii. 428. 
 
 Mr. Hallam remarks that, whilst Lydgate and Bishop 
 Pecock are not read with ease by the modern student, the 
 Paston Letters, Sir John Fortescue's Discourse on Mon 
 archy, and Harding's Chronicle, present scarcely any 
 difficulty. See Literary Hist, of Europe, ed. 1854, i. 311- 
 312. See also Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet. Anglic. ; 
 Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib. ; Dibdin's Typ. Antiq. ; 
 and his Lib. Comp. 
 
 Harding, John, late Priest and Dominican Fryar. 
 A Recantation Serm. on Ps. cxix. 71, Lon., 1620, 4to. 
 
 " Wherein he hath declared his just motives which have moved 
 him to leave the Church of Rome." 
 
 Harding, John, D.D., Bishop of Bombay, 1851; 
 formerly Rector of St. Ann's, Blackfriars. 1. Serm., Lon., 
 1837, Svo. 2. Serm., 1841, 12mo. 
 
 Harding, Nathaniel. Serms., Lon., 1714, '15, both 
 Svo. 
 
 Harding, S. and E. 1. Shakspeare illustrated by 
 Portraits and Views, Lon., 1793, Svo. 2. Biographical 
 Mirrour, 1795-1810, 3 vols. 4to, 7 10s. 
 
 Harding, Samuel. Sicily and Naples, or the Fatall 
 Union ; a Tragaedy, 1640, 4to. 
 
 Harding, Samuel. Coats of Arms of English No 
 bility, Lon., 1741, 4to. 
 
 Harding, or Hardinge, Thomas,D.D.,1512-1572, 
 educated at and Fellow of New College, Oxford, Hebrew 
 Prof, of the Univ. in 1542, became a zealous Roman Ca 
 tholic, and wrote seven controversial tracts (1564-68) in 
 opposition to Bishop Jewel. 
 
 "Each writer, Jewel and Hardinge, was considered as the 
 champion of his party, and each allowed by both parties to dis 
 play great ability in the controversy." CHARLES BUTLER. 
 
 Humphrey thus compares them : 
 
HAR 
 
 HAH 
 
 " In multis pares sunt & ambo doctrinae & eloquentiae gloria 
 praecellentes." Life of Jewel. 
 
 See JEWEL, JOHN, and authorities there cited; Bliss's 
 Wood's Athen. Oxon. ; Dodd's Ch. Hist. ; Prince's Wor 
 thies of Devon ; Strype's Cranmer; Tanner; Lowndes's 
 Brit. Lib., 1038. 
 
 Harding, Thomas. Variation of the Needle; 
 Trans. Irish Acad., 1791. 
 
 Harding, Rev. Thomas. Edit, of Henrie Bul- 
 linger's Fiftie Godlie and Learned Serms., in 5 Decades ; 
 Parker Society, Camb., 1849-51, Ac., 4 vols. 8vo. See 
 Strype's Annals of the Reform.; Saxii Onomasticon; 
 Vita a Simlero ; Melchior Adam in vitis Theolog. 
 
 Hardinge, C. S. Views in India, Lon., 1847, imp. 
 fol. Pub. 5 5*. ; 7 7*. ; 10 10*. 
 
 Hardinge, George, 1744-1816, a son of Nicholas 
 Hardinge, educated at Trin. Coll., Camb., was in 1787 
 made Senior Justice of the counties of Brecon, Glamor 
 gan, and Radmor, and in 1789 appointed Attorney-Gene 
 ral to the Queen. He wrote Letters to Burke on the 
 impeachment of Hastings; Chalmeriana, an attack on 
 George Chalmers's Supp. Apology for the Believers in the 
 Shakspeare Papers, 1808, 8vo ; the Essence of Malone, 
 an attack on Malone's Life of Dryden, 1800, 8vo, 2d ed. 
 same year; Another Essence of Malone, an attack on 
 Malone's Shakspeare, 1801, 8vo; The Filial Tribute; 
 Three Serms., by a Layman ; An Essay on the Character 
 of Jonathan; The Russian Chiefs, an Ode, 1814, 4to; 2d 
 ed., same year; Memoirs of Dr. Sneyd Davies, 1817, 8vo. 
 A speech of his, delivered at the Bar of the House of 
 Lords, against Fox's East India Bill, was pub. in 1783, 
 8vo. His Miscellaneous Works in Prose and Verse, with 
 the life of the author, were pub. by John Nichols in 1818, 
 3 vols. Svo, q. v. ; see also Nichols's Lit. Anec., and HAR 
 DINGE, NICHOLAS. 
 
 Hardinge, Rev. H. Remarks on the 12th and 14th 
 
 Chaps, of 1st Epist. to the Corinth., Ac., Lon., 1836, 8vo. 
 
 " This tract elucidates certain words and difficult passages in 
 
 the third and thirteenth chapters of St. Paul's First Epistle to the 
 
 Corinthians." dome's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Hardinge, Nicholas, M.P., 1700-1758, father of G. 
 Hardinge, educated at King's Coll., Camb., was chief clerk 
 of the H. of Commons, 1731-52, and subsequently appointed 
 joint Secretary of the Treasury. He was an excellent 
 classical scholar and a learned antiquary. Poems, Latin, 
 Greek, and English, with an Essay on Govt, Lon., 1818, 
 Svo. A former ed. for private distribution was printed 
 in 1780. Collected and revised by George Hardinge. 
 See Nichols's Select Collection of Poems, 1780, 8vo. 
 
 Hardisway, Peter, M.D. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 
 1723, '27. 
 
 Hardman, Rev. Ed. Explan. and Prac. Comment, 
 on the N. Test., Dubl., 1830-32, 2 vols. Svo. New ed., by 
 Dalton, 1839, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " They contain several useful hints on prophetical passages, pub 
 lished before his views became warped by Irvingism." BICKERSTETH. 
 Hard m an, F. Trans, of Prof. Weiss's Hist, of the 
 French Protestant Refugees, Lon., 1854, Svo. 
 
 " We hail the appearance of M. Weiss's book with pleasure." 
 Edin. Rev. 
 
 Hardress, Sir Thomas, Knt. Rep. of Cases in 
 Excheq., 1664-80, and to 21 Chas. IL, Lon., 1693, fol.; 2d 
 ed., Dubl., 1792, fol. 
 
 " This volume contains some of the most learnedly argued of 
 the old Reports." GREEN. 
 
 See Wallace's Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 201. 
 Hardwick, Charles, Fellow of St. Catherine's Hall, 
 and Whitehall Preacher. 1. An Hist. Inq. rel. to St. 
 Catherine of Alexandria; Camb. Antiq. Soc. Pub. in 
 vol. xv. 2. Hist, of the Thirty-Nine Articles, Camb., 1851, 
 Svo. 3. Twenty Serms. for Town Congregations, 1853, cr. 
 Svo. 4. Hist, of the Christian Church, 7th cent, to the Re 
 formation, 1853, p. Svo. Highly commended in the Brit. 
 Quar., Nov. 1853 ; Clerical Jour., Sept. 22, 1853 ; Chris. Re- 
 memb., Oct. 1853; Nonconformist, Nov. 30, 1853; Notes 
 and Queries, Oct. 8, 1853; Spectator, Sept 17, 1853; 
 Guardian, April 12, 1854. 
 
 Hardwick, Humphrey. Serms., Lon., 1644. 
 Hardwick, Wm. Serm., Lon., 1638, 4to. 
 Hardwicke, Major-General, and Mr. Gray. 
 Illustrations of Indian Zoology, Lon., 2 vols. fol., 21. 
 See Archaeol., 1785 ; Trans. Linn. Soc., 1804. 
 Hardwicke, Earls of. See YORKE. 
 Hardy. Duty of the Customs, 1803. 
 Hardy, Miss. Owen Glendower; an Historical Ro 
 mance, Lon., 1849, 2 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 Hardy, Lieut. Sporting Adventures in the New 
 World, Lon., 1855, 2 vols. p. Svo. 
 Hardy, Francis. Memoirs of the Polit. and Private 
 
 784 
 
 Life of James Caulfield, Earl of Charlemont, Lon., 1810, 
 4to ; 1812, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " From what we have now said, the reader will conclude that 
 we think very favourably of this book : and we do think it both 
 entertaining and instructive. But for there is always a but in a 
 Reviewer's praises it has also its faults and its imperfections ; and 
 these, alas ! so great and so many, that it requires all the good-na 
 ture we can catch by sympathy from the author not to treat him 
 now and then with a terrible and exemplary severity." LORD 
 JEFFREY : Edin. Rev., xix. 95-128 ; and in his Miscellanies. 
 
 " Not that these Memoirs of Lord Charlemont form a complete 
 History of Ireland during the life of that nobleman: that is what 
 they neither are nor pretend to be, but they afford a very liberal 
 and entertaining contribution towards it; they supply a great 
 deal of important matter which is not to be obtained from any 
 other source." EARL DUDLEY: Lon. Quar. Rev., vi. 124-147. 
 
 Mr. Hardy contributed a paper on the Agamemnon of 
 jEschylus to Trans. Irish Acad., 1788. 
 
 Hardy, H. H. Analytical Researches in Spirit Mag 
 netism, Lon., 1852, Svo. 
 
 Hardy, Henry. A Vision from the Lord, 1792, Svo. 
 
 Hardy, Horatio Charles. Register of Ships in E. 
 
 1. Co.'s Service, 1760-1811, Lon., 1811. Revised and con 
 tinued by his son. 
 
 Hardy, J. Memoirs of Lord Nelson, 1806. 
 Hardy, James. Arithmetic, Lon., 1760, Svo. 
 Hardy, James, M.D. Colic, &c., 1788, '90, both Svo. 
 Hardy, John. 1. Voyage to Bermudas, 1661, 4to. 
 
 2. Voyage to Barbadoes, 1671, Svo. 
 
 Hardy, John Stockdale, Registrar of the Arch 
 deaconry Courts of Leicester. 1. Hours of Thought, Lon., 
 
 1840, fp. Svo. 2. Palace of Phantasy and other Poems, 
 1845, fp. Svo. 3. Literary Remains, edited by John Gough 
 Nichols, 1852, Svo. 
 
 "A very pleasing work, which will suit Conservative politicians 
 and antiquaries, whilst it affords matter interesting to the Eccle 
 siastical Lawyer." Lon. Law Magazine, May, 1852. 
 
 Hardy, Jos. Tour in the Mts. of the Pyrenees, Lon., 
 r. Svo. 
 
 Hardy, Nathaniel, D.D., 1618-1670, entered at Mag 
 dalen Hall, Oxford, 1632; became minister of St. Dionis 
 Back-Church and Vicar of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields ; 
 Archdeacon of Lewes and Dean of Rochester, 1660. 
 Serms., 1646-66. First Epist. General of John unfolded 
 and applied, 1656, 4to. A Puritan exposition. 
 
 Hardy, Philip Dixon. 1. Wellington; a Poem, 
 1814, 4to. 2. Holy Wells of Ireland, 1841, 18mo. 3. Uni- 
 tarianism Unmasked. 4. The Northern Tourist. 5. The 
 Philosophy of Christianity; 2ded., 1847, 12mo. 6. Popery in 
 Ireland in 1846-47, Svo ; 1847. 7. Tourist through Ireland, 
 1858. Mr. Hardy's name is widely known in connexion with 
 the Dublin Penny Journal and other literary enterprises. 
 
 Hardy, R. S pence, Wesley an Missionary. 1. The 
 British Government and the Idolatry of Ceylon, Lon., 
 
 1841, Svo. 2. Eastern Monachism, Lon., 1850, Svo. 
 
 " The volume deserves an European circulation." Lon. Chris 
 tian Times. 
 
 Hardy, Lieut. R. W. H. Travels in the Interior 
 of Mexico in 1825-28, Lon., 1829, Svo. Hardy was de 
 puted to take charge of a Pearl Fishery in the Gulf of 
 California. His book gives interesting accounts of Guay- 
 mas, Sonora, and Lower California. It is illustrated with 
 maps, and a chart of the junction of the rivers Gila and 
 Colorado, Ac. 
 
 "This work is certainly one of the most curious and interesting 
 that has ever appeared on the subject of this interesting country. 
 It seems that the author travelled far into the interior, and ex 
 plored many parts never before visited by a European." Court 
 Journal. 
 
 "An exceedingly interesting book, abounding in miscellaneous 
 information and anecdote." United Service Jour. 
 
 Hardy, Rev. Robert. Nature of Baptism. 
 
 Hardy, Samuel, 1720-1793, Rector of Blakenham 
 Parva, Suffolk, pub. some astronom. and theolog. works, 
 1752-83, among which are : 1. Principal Prophecies of 
 the 0. and N. Tests., Lon., 1770, Svo. 2. New Trans, of 
 St. Paul's Epist. to the Hebrews, 1783, Svo. 
 
 " The alterations of the common translation in the version of 
 the Hebrews are not very numerous, yet they are sometimes 
 rather free. The notes are short, and the doctrine orthodox." 
 Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 3. Novum Testamentum Graecum Scholisis Theologicus 
 et Philologicus, 2 vols. Svo ; Londini, 1768 ; 2d ed., 1776 ; 
 3d ed., 1820. 
 
 "It was a very useful companion to every biblical student, and 
 has gone through two editions, (the 2d in 1776,) the first of which 
 is the best; but it must be acknowledged that the Greek text in 
 both is inexcusably incorrect." DR. CLARKE. 
 
 "The third edition of this work is the most correct : it is beauti 
 fully printed. The notes are chiefly extracted from Poole's Synop 
 sis." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " Hardy does not assign them [the notes] to their respective 
 authors, and the doctrines which they contain are not always very 
 correct." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
HAR 
 
 HAR 
 
 Hardy, Thomas, D.D. The Patriot, with Observ. ; 
 on the writings of T. Paine, 2d ed., Edin., 1793, Svo. 
 
 Hardy, T. Duffus, Assistant Keeper of the Public 
 Records. 1. A Descrip. of the Close Rolls in the Tower 
 of London, Lon., 1833, Svo. Privately printed. 
 
 " This volume contains Mr. Hardy's Introduction prefixed to 
 the Close Rolls, printed by order of his Majesty's Commissioners 
 for Public Records." Martin's Cat. of Privately Printed Books, 2d 
 ed., 1854, 442. 
 
 2. A Cat. of Lord- Chancellors, Keepers of the Great 
 Seal, Masters of the Rolls, and Principal Officers of the 
 High Ct. of Chancery, from the earliest period to the pre 
 sent time, 1843, 8vo. 250 copies printed. 
 
 3. Monurnenta Historica Britannica, by H. Petrie, J. . 
 Sharpe, and T. D. Hardy, 1849, fol. 4. Memoirs of Rt. 
 Hon. Lord Langdale, 1852, 2 vols. Svo. 5. New ed. of Le 
 Neve's Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae, corrected and continued 
 from 1715 to the present time, Oxf., 1854, 3 vols. Svo. A , 
 most valuable work. 
 
 Hardy, Wm. Time-Keepers, 1806-08. 
 
 Hardyng, John. See HARDING. 
 
 Hare and Skinner. The Silk-Worm; Trans. Amer. 
 Soc., ii. 347. 
 
 Hare, Mrs. Dilapidations of the Palace at Chichester 
 impartially stated, Lon., 1742, 4to. 
 
 Hare, Augustus J. C. Epitaphs for Country Church 
 yards, Lon., 1856. 
 
 "We commend Mr. Hare's little book very willingly especially 
 to the country clergy." Lon. Athenceum, May 3, 1856. 
 
 Hare, Augustus William, late Fellow of New Col 
 lege, and Rector of Alton-Barnes since 1829, d. at Rome 
 in 1834, aged 40. Serms. to a Country Congregation, Lon., 
 1837, 2 vols. Svo; 7th ed., 1851, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " Very striking and useful." Bickersteth's Cfiris. Stu. 
 
 " They are, in truth, as it appears to us, on the whole, composi 
 tions of very rare merit in their kind." ion. Quar. Kev., lix. 33-48. 
 
 "All may read them with profit; but to clergymen, if studied 
 with discretion, they may prove serviceable in no common degree." 
 Lon. Chris. Observer. 
 
 " These volumes present us with the workings of a pious and 
 highly-gifted mind." British Mug. 
 
 " Of recent writers there is none with whom we are acquainted 
 who, in point of diction, so well deserves to be a model, as the late ' 
 Augustus William Hare." Edin. Jtev., Ixxii. 66-98. 
 
 Mr. Hare was one of the authors of Guesses at Truth by 
 Two Brothers : see HARE, JULIUS CHARLES. 
 
 Hare, Rev. Edward Wesley. 1. Treat, on Justi 
 fication, 2d ed., with a Pref. by Thos. Jackson, Lon., 1839, 
 12mo. Highly esteemed by the Wesleyan Methodists. 
 2. Preservative against the Errors of Socinianism, Svo. 
 Written in reply to Mr. Grundy of Manchester. 
 
 " The author [Hare] was an acute reasoner, and very familiar 
 with the holy scriptures." Dr. E. Williams^ C.P. 
 
 Hare, Francis, D.D., d. 1740, a native of London, 
 admitted of King's Coll., Camb., where he subsequently 
 became tutor, 1688; Dean of Worcester, 1708; Dean of 
 St. Paul's, 1726; Bishop of St. Asaph, 1727; trans, to Chi 
 chester, 1731. To Dr. Hare as a classical critic and as a 
 theologian we have already had occasion to allude in our 
 lives of RICHARD BENTLEY, seep. 171; ANTHONY COLLINS, 
 see p. 412; and THOMAS EDWARDS, see p. 548. We may 
 readily believe that 
 
 " Hare was excessively piqued at the utter annihilation of his 
 Terence and Phsedrus, the one soon after its birth, the other before 
 its birth, by Bentley's edition of both together in 1726, who never 
 once names Hare." , 
 
 For further information respecting this learned critic 
 for such he certainly was, though no Bentley consult 
 authorities referred to below. He took a lively interest in 
 the Bangorian Controversy, and pub. a number of pieces 
 against Hoadly, which were included in the collective ed. 
 of his Works, 1746, 4 vols. Svo. Again, 1755, 4 vols. Svo. 
 TLe following works of his deserve a special notice: 
 
 1. Difficulties and Discouragements which attend the 
 Study of the Scriptures in the Way of Private Judgment, 
 1714, '35, '45, Svo. 
 
 " With all the merit of this beautiful satire, I believe that had 
 the author foreseen that the liberty which animates this fine-turned 
 piece of raillery would have given scandal to any good man, he 
 would have made abatement in the vigour of his wit and argu 
 ments." BP. WABBURTON. 
 
 2. Psalmorum Liber in Versiculas Metrice" divisus, etc., 
 1736, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " This work does more honour to the genius and industry of the 
 author than to his judgment. That the Psalms are poetical is very 
 obvious; but that they are constructed on similar principles with 
 Greek and Latin verse the learned bishop has failed to prove. The 
 true pronunciation of Hebrew is irrecoverably lost, and the dis 
 cussions of Meibomius, Gomarus, and L Clerc, have thrown little 
 light on it. The hypothesis of Hare met with an able antagonist 
 in Bishop Lowth, and a defender in Dr. Edwards." Orme'sBtbl. 
 Bib. 
 
 Mr. Orme refers to Bishop Lowth's Metricae Hareanaa 
 brevis Confutatio, annexed to his Lectures, De Sacra Poesi 
 60 
 
 Hebraeorum. The Edwards whom he names is Thomas 
 Edwards, in whose life we have already referred to thia 
 controversy. See Whiston's Life; Swift's Works ; Cole's 
 MS. Athenae in Brit. Mus. ; Gent. Mag. ; Blackwood's Mag., 
 xxviii. 653. 
 
 Hare, Henry, Lord Coleraine. A Scale of Devotions, 
 musical and gradual; or, Descants on the 15 Psalms of 
 Degrees, Lon., 1681, fol. 
 
 Hare, Henry Lord Coleraine, 1693-1749, a profound 
 scholar and learned antiquary, pub. a poem in the Acade- 
 miae Oxoniensis Comitia Philologica, 1713, and in the 
 Musae'Anglicana, iii. 403, under the title of Musarum ob- 
 latio ad Reginam. 
 
 Hare, Hugh. 1. A Charge at Sessions. 2. The Con 
 spiracy of Fieschi, trans, from the Italian of Maseardi, 
 Lon., 1693, 8vo. 
 
 Hare, J. I. Clark, and Wallace, Horace Bin- 
 ney. 1. American Leading Cases in Law, Phila., 2 vols. 
 Svo, 1847; 3d ed., 1852. 2. Smith's (J. W.) Leading Cases 
 in Law, 4th Amer. from the 3d Lon. ed., with addits., 1852, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 3. White (F. T.) and Tudor's (0. D.) Leading 
 Cases in Equity, with addits., 2d Amer. ed., 1852, 3 vols. 
 8vo. 4. The New English Exchequer Reports, 35 vols. 
 pub. to 1855. 
 
 "I scarcely know of any volumes which I deem of more im 
 portance or value for a professional library." JOSEPH STORT. 
 
 See WALLACE, HORACE BINNEY. 
 
 Hare, James, d. 1808. Serms., Ac., 1797-1809. 
 
 Hare, John. St. John's Ghost; or, Anti-Normanisme, 
 Lon., 1647, 4to. Reprinted in the Harleian Miscellany. 
 
 Hare, Julius Charles, Rector of Hurstmonceaux, 
 Archdeacon of Lewis, a Canon of Chichester, Chaplain to 
 the Queen, and late Fellow of Trinity Coll., Camb., d. 1855, 
 aged 59. This learned gentleman pub. The Mission of the 
 Comforter, The Victory of Faith, and other sermons, a 
 number of theological and other works. He is best known 
 to general readers as one of the authors in conjunction 
 with his brother, Augustus William Hare, and others of 
 Guesses at Truth, and as joint translator with Bishop 
 Thirlwall of vols. i. and ii. of Niebuhr's History of Rome. 
 
 The 1st ed. of Guesses at Truth appeared in 1827, and 
 the 3d in 1847: Series Second, 2d ed., 1848. Thirlwall 
 and Hare's trans, from Niebuhr was first pub. in 1828-32, 
 2 vols. 8vo. A new ed. was issued in 1855. In 1848 Mr. 
 Hare edited the Essays and Tales of John Sterling, with 
 a Memoir of his Life, in 2 vols. 12mo. Mr. Carlyle evinced 
 but little satisfaction with the labours of the editor. For 
 further information respecting Archdeacon Hare and his 
 literary labours, see Lon. Gent. Mag., April, 1855, 424- 
 425 ; Sir Wm. Hamilton's Discussions ; Hallam's Literary 
 Hist, of Europe, 4th ed., i. 298-301, n. ; Madden's Life of 
 the Countess of Blessington; Edin. Rev., Jan. 1833; Lon. 
 Quar. Rev., July, 1855; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxv. 657; 
 Blackw. Mag., xlii. 92 ; xliii. 287-288 ; Longman's Notes 
 on Books, Aug. and Nov. 1855. 
 
 Hare, Robert, M.D., 1781-1858, an eminent chemist, 
 Emeritus Prof, of Chemistry in the University of Penn 
 sylvania. He distinguished himself by a number of 
 important scientific discoveries, among which the agency 
 of the compound hydro-oxygen in obtaining a greater 
 amount of heat than had ever before been developed is 
 perhaps the best known. This discovery was made by Dr. 
 Hare when he was but about twenty-one years of age. In 
 1810 he pub. a pamphlet entitled Brief View of the Policy 
 and Resources of the United States, and he is the author 
 of more than one hundred and fifty papers contributed to 
 various periodicals. His last publication was Spiritualism 
 Scientifically Demonstrated, N. York, 1855, 8vo. 
 
 Hare, Samuel. 1. Practical Observations on Curva 
 tures of the Spine, 3d ed., Lon., 1849, 8vo. 
 
 " We therefore unhesitatingly commend his work as a truthful 
 and trustworthy statement of the power of scientific Surgery and 
 Medicine over some of the most grievous hindrances to human 
 activity and industry." Lon. Medical Gazette. 
 
 2. Physical Education of Children, 1852, Svo. 
 
 Hare, Thomas. Serms., 1747-48. 
 
 Hare, Thomas. Con. to Trans. Hort. Soc., 1817. 
 
 Hare, Thomas. 1. Discovery of Evidence, Lon., 
 1836, 8vo; N. York, 1836, Svo. 2. Rep. in Chancery, 
 1841-52, 8 vols. Svo. 3. In conjunction with H. J. Nicholl 
 and J. M. Carrow, Cases rel. to Railways and Canals in 
 Law and Equity, 1835-52, 6 vols. Svo. 
 
 Harewood, Harry. Diet, of Sports, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 Harflete, Henry. 1. A Banquet of Essayes, <fcc., Lon., 
 1653, sm. Svo. 2.Vox Coelorum ; Predictions Defended, Svo. 
 
 Harford, Charles Joseph. Antiquities found in 
 Somersetshire: Archaeol., 1803. 
 
 Harford, John S. The Life of Thomas Burgess. 
 
 785 
 
HAR 
 
 HAR 
 
 D.D., late Lord-Bishop of Salisbury, 2d ed., Lon., 1841, 
 fp. 8vo. 
 
 "One of the most pleasing, as well as instructive, volumes of 
 Christian and ecclesiastical biography which of late years has 
 issued from the press. The Christian reader will peruse it with 
 delight and gratitude; and ecclesiastics of every rank may read it 
 for their guidance and instruction." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 " Written in the clear, simple, and unaffected style which be 
 comes biography ; and is interesting at once from its subject, and 
 from the various letters and anecdotes it contains of literary and 
 ecclesiastical contemporaries." British Critic. 
 
 " A very interesting memoir." British Mag. 
 
 See BURGESS, THOMAS, D.D. 
 
 Harford, Raph. A Gospel Engine ; or, Streams of 
 Love and Pity to quench and prevent new flames in Eng 
 land, Lon., 1649, fol. 
 
 Hargrave, A. Collegiate Physicians, Lon., 1676, 4to. 
 
 Hargrave, Ely. See HARGROVE. 
 
 Hargrave, Francis, 1741-1821, an eminent law- 
 writer, educated at the Univ. of Oxford, has been already 
 noticed in our lives of CHARLES BUTLER, SIR EDWARD COKE, 
 and SIR MATTHEW HALE. He removed to Lincoln's Inn in 
 1764, and in 1772 distinguished himself in the Habeas 
 Corpus of James Somersett, a negro for whom he was 
 counsel. In addition to his labours upon Coke on Little 
 ton, his ed. of Hale's Jurisdiction of the Lords' House of 
 Parliament, and the published report of the case of So 
 mersett, his best-known works are 1. An Argument in De 
 fence of Literary Property, 1774, cr. 8vo. 2. Collec. of 
 State Trials, 1776, 11 vols. fol.; usually bound in 6. 
 Howell's State Trials is the best collection: see the article 
 State Trials in Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 660-661, and authori 
 ties there cited; and see HOWELL, T. B., in this Dictionary. 
 3. A Collection of Tracts rel. to the Law of England, from 
 MSS. never before pub., 1787, 4to. See 3 Kent, 426 ; 4 
 Barn. & Cres., 505; 15 East, 304; 5 Barn. & Aid., 285; 
 Hoff. Leg. Stu., 186; Brooke's Bib. Leg. Aug., 241; 80 
 Lon. Month. Rev., 484. 4. Collectanea Juridica; con 
 sisting of Tracts rel. to the Law and Constitution of Eng 
 land, Titles of Honour, and Constitutional Subjects, 1791- 
 92, 2 vols. 8vo. 5. Judicial Arguments and .Collections, 
 1797-99, 2 vols. 4to. 6. Juris Consult Excercitations; 
 consisting of Tracts upon the Laws of England, TUles of 
 Honour, and Constitutional Subjects, 1811-13, 3 vols. 4to. 
 Mr. Hargrave was possessed of a vast fund of legal eru 
 dition. 
 
 " His legal power, and the extent of his knowledge, have rarely 
 been equalled, and perhaps never surpassed." 
 
 " Mr. Hargrave, a gentleman of great and profound learning, 
 than whom no man that ever lived was more conversant with the 
 law of the country." Speech of Lord Lyndhurst on Life-Peerage 
 in England, delivered in the House of Lords, Feb. 7, 1856. 
 
 Mr. Hargrave's valuable Law Library was purchased by 
 Government in 1813 for 8000, and was deposited in the 
 British Museum. 
 
 Hargrave, J. F. Thelluson Act, Lon., 1842, 8vo. 
 
 "Mr. Hargrave has treated his very difficult subject with much 
 learning and acuteness." 6 Jurist, 426. 
 
 Hargraves, Edmund Hammond, the Discoverer 
 of the Gold-Fields in Australia. Australia and its Gold- 
 Fields, Lon., 1855, p. 8vo. See Men of the Time, Lon., 
 1S56. 
 
 Hargraves, James. Serms., ] 723, '24, both 4to. 
 
 Hargreaves, James. Family Religion, 1811. 
 
 Hargreaves, James. Theolog. Essays, Ac., Lon., 
 8vo. 
 
 Hargreaves, Robert. Serms., 1745, '46, both 8vo. 
 
 Hargreaves, Thomas. Colours for the Artist, 
 Phil. Mag., 1814. 
 
 Hargrove, Ely. 1. Hist, of Knaresborough, Ac., 
 1769, 12mo; 6th ed., 1809, 12mo. 2. Anecdotes of 
 Archery,1792,12mo. 3. Yorkshire Gazetteer, 1806, sm 8vo 
 
 Hargrove, George, or Hargroves, W. Surgeon, 
 islands of Walcheren and South Beveland, Lon., 1812, 4to. 
 
 Hargrove, W. Hist, and Descrip. of the City of 
 York. York, 1818, 3 vols. r. 8vo. 
 
 n ? a J"}?!L 0n 'u E ' S-> Preb " and Chancellor of the 
 
 *? R ? u 7 h f Exeter - l - Notes on the Church f 
 
 Phnr h 7sil 2 '^ d L n '' 1843 ' 8V - 2 " Consecration of 
 Churches, 1844 '47, 8vo. 3. Succession of Bishops in the 
 Ch of Eng. unbroken, 1846, '52, 8vo. 4. Serms. on Apos 
 tolical Succession, 1847, 8vo. 5. Reformers of Ang. Ch., 
 and Macaulay's England, 8vo. 6. Reconsecration, Ac of 
 the Churches, 1850, 8vo 7. The Bull of Pi us IX '., 1850 
 8vo. 8. Letter, Ac. of the LV. Canon in 1851, 8vo. 9 A 
 Few Words in Answer to the Rev. W. Goode's Reply to 
 Archdeacon Churton and Chancellor Harington on the 
 LV Canon, etc., 1852, 8vo. 10. Serin., Acts xxiv. 4, 
 1852, 8vo. 
 Harington, Henry, M.D. See HARRINGTON. 
 
 Harington, Rev. Henry. See HARRINGTON. 
 
 Harington, John Herbert. See HARRINGTON. 
 
 Hariot, Thomas. See HARRIOT. 
 
 Harkey, S. W., Lutheran Pastor, Frederick, Md. 
 1 Address before Phrenakosmian Society of Pennsylvania 
 College, Gettysburg, 1837. 2. Lutheran Sunday-School 
 Question-Book, Fredericktown, 1838. 3. The Visitor, 
 editor, Frederick, 1840. 4. Translation of Starke's Prayer- 
 Book. 5. The Church's Best State. 6. Sermon on the 
 Death of Gen. Harrison. 7. Sermon on National Thanks 
 giving. 8. Prisons for Women. 
 
 Harkness, Albert. 1. Arnold's First Latin Book, 
 N. York, 12mo. 2. Second Latin Book, 1853, 12mo. These 
 manuals have been highly commended by distinguished 
 professors in a number of colleges. 
 
 Harkness, J. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1811. 
 
 Harkness, Rev. J. Messiah's Throne and King 
 dom, N. York, 1853, 12mo. 
 
 Harlan, J., of Philadelphia. Memoir of India and 
 Affghanistan, Phila., 1842, 12mo. See Lon. Athenaeum, 
 1842, 779-781. 
 
 Harlan, Richard, M.D., of Philadelphia. I. Fauna 
 Americana, Phila., 1825, 8vo. 2. Medical and Physical 
 Researches, 1835, 8vo. Various medical and other essays. 
 
 Harland, Marion. See HAWES, Miss MARY VIR 
 GINIA. 
 
 Harle, Jonathan, M.D. An Hist. Essay on the 
 State of Physic in the 0. and N. Test, and the Apocry 
 phal Interval, Lon., 1729, 8vo. 
 
 Harley. Justification of the H. of Com., 1701, fol. 
 
 Harley, Sir Edward. An Essay towards the Set 
 tlement of Peace and Truth in the Church, Lon., 1681, 
 4to. We presume this work to be the production of the 
 elder Edward Harley, father of Robert, Earl of Oxford, 
 and of the succeeding. 
 
 Harley, Hon. Edward, brother to Robert, Earl of 
 Oxford. 1. An Essay for composing a Harmony between 
 the Psalms and other Parts of the Scripture, <fec., Lon., 
 1724, r. 4to; 1732, 8vo. Anon. 
 
 " This is a book of piety rather than of learning." Orme's Bibl. 
 Bib. 
 
 2. Harmony of the Four Gospels, 1733, 8vo. Anon. 
 
 " Both works are creditable to the author's acquaintance with 
 the Scriptures." ORME : ubi supra. 
 
 The two were pub. with Harley's Abstract of the His 
 torical Part of the 0. Test., &c., and Observ. thereupon, 
 by the Bishop of Sodor and Man, in 1735, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Vol. ii. includes the two works first noticed. 
 
 Harley, George. Circumstances respecting the late 
 Charles Montford, Esq., 1804, 8vo. 
 
 Harley, George Davies, a comedian, pub. a num 
 ber of Poems, <fcc., 1787-1806. 
 
 Harley, Robert, Earl of Oxford and Mortimer, 
 1661-1724, eldest son of Sir Edward Harley, and a dis 
 tinguished statesman, was an eminent patron of letters 
 and a great collector of literary treasures. His library 
 was perhaps the most extensive ever collected by a private 
 individual, with the exception of that of Richard Heber. 
 The Harleian Collection of MSS. was purchased by the 
 government for 10,000, and is now deposited in the British 
 Museum. An Index to the Harleian Collection of MSS. 
 was pub. in 1759-63, 2 vols. fol. But a very complete 
 one, compiled by Messrs. Wanley, Casley, Hocker, Nares, 
 Shaw, and Douce, was pub. in 1808, 3 vols. fol. Another 
 vol. being Indices of Persons, Places, and Matters, by 
 the Rev. Dr. T. Hartwell Home was pub. in 1808, foL 
 This catalogue was formerly sold at 8 8s. It is now 
 (1856) worth 2 2. Every historical and legal student 
 should have it in his library. 
 
 " This Catalogue is a key to inexhaustible sources of informa 
 tion on almost every subject; but to those who are interested in 
 historical, antiquarian, or biographical literature, it is indispens 
 able, and, as well as the Cottonian and Lansdowne Catalogues, 
 will well repay an attentive perusal; for so infinite is the variety 
 of the subjects which occur, that the general Indexes furnish but 
 an imperfect idea of the contents of these matchless collections." 
 SIR N. HARRIS NICOLAS: see a Descrip. of the Contents, <fec. of 
 the various Works printed by Authority of the Record Commis 
 sion, Lon., 1831, 8vo. 
 
 The Printed Books of the Harleian Library were pur 
 chased by Thomas Osborne, the bookseller. He gave only 
 13,000 for the collection ; although Lord Oxford had ex 
 pended 18,000 on the binding only of the least part of 
 them ! Osborne employed Dr. Johnson, Oldys, and Mattaire, 
 to prepare a catalogue of this noble collection. It appeared 
 in 1743-45, 5 vols. 8vo, under the title of Catalogus Biblio- 
 thecse Harleianae in Locos Communes distributus, cum 
 Indice Auctorum. The Latin dedication to Lord Cartaret 
 was written by Mattaire ; vols. i. and ii., in Latin, were 
 
HAR 
 
 HAR 
 
 written by Dr. Johnson ; vols. iii. and iv., which are a 
 repetition in English of the two former, were prepared 
 by Oldys. Vol. v. does not properly belong to the other 
 four, as it is simply an enumeration of Osborne's old 
 stock. The Preface, which was originally issued as a 
 Prospectus to the work, was written by Johnson : 
 
 "His account of that celebrated collection of books, in which 
 he displays the importance to literature of what the French call a 
 catalogue raisonnee, when the subjects of it are extensive and 
 various, and it is executed with ability, cannot fail to impress all 
 his readers with admiration of his philological attainments." 
 BOSWF.LL : Life of Dr. Johnson. 
 
 <; In iny humble apprehension, the preface is unworthy of the 
 doctor : it contains a few general philological reflections, expressed 
 in a style sufficiently stately, but is divested of bibliographical 
 anecdote and interesting intelligence." DR. DIBDIN : Bibliomania ; 
 q. v. for an interesting analysis of the Harleian Library. 
 
 Having thus disposed of the MS. and Printed Books, 
 we at length reach the pamphlets of the library; and here 
 we are at once overwhelmed with the amplitude of the 
 field, for Gough assures us that the number was computed 
 to be 400,000 ! See Brit. Topog., v. i. 669. From this 
 vast treasury the indefatigable Oldys extracted between 
 600 and 700, which were pub. in 8 vols. 4to, 1744-46. A 
 new ed. was pub. by Malham in 1808-11, 12 vols. 8vo, 
 8 8s.; r. 8vo, 14 8*. Another ed., by Thomas Park, 
 was issued in 1808-13, 10 vols. r. 4to, 2 vols. being com 
 posed of additional matter, 33 12*. A Selection from 
 the Harleian Miscellany of Tracts which principally re 
 gard English History, of which many are referred to by 
 Hume, was pub. in 1793, 4to. The value of this work is 
 not to be measured by money nor expressed by words. It 
 should .always accompany The Somers Collection, Howell's 
 State Trials', Harrington's Nugse Antiquse, Evelyn's and 
 Pepys's Diaries, and the standard histories of England. 
 
 " To the importance of this collection of Tracts and Papers for 
 elucidating many historical occurrences no person who feels inte 
 rested in the discovery of truth can be inattentive." EDITOR. 
 
 " I hardly know of any one collection, or set of volumes, likely 
 to be productive of more varied entertainment, especially if the 
 reader have a philological turn." Dibdirfs Lib. Comp. 
 
 A Collection of Voyages and Travels, compiled from 
 the curious and valuable Library of the Earl of Oxford, 
 was pub. by Thomas Osborne in 1745, 2 vols. fol. This is 
 called the Harleian Collection of Voyages. See CHURCHILL, 
 OWNSHAM and JOHN. A Catalogue of his Lordship's Pic 
 tures, Coins, and Medals, was pub. in 1741, 4to. But, in 
 our admiration of the Earl's literary treasures, we must 
 not forget the only thing which enables us to introduce an 
 account of his library, viz. : that he was himself an author. 
 To him are ascribed (1.) A Scriptural and Rational Ac 
 count of the Christian Religion, Lon., 1695, 8vo. 2. An 
 Essay on Public Credit, 1710. Inserted in the Somers 
 Collection. Reprinted, with short Hist. Notes, 1797, Svo. 
 3. An Essay upon Loans. 4. A Vindic. of the Rights of 
 the Commons of Eng. ; signed Humphry Mackworth. 
 5. Answer to Articles against him, 1715. 6. The Secret 
 Hist, of Arlus and Adolphus, 1720, Svo. An Account of 
 the conduct of Robert, Earl of Oxford, 1715, Svo, is sup 
 posed by Park to be the composition of his lordship, on 
 account of the favourable representation given of his cha 
 racter. But this is but doubtful evidence. For further 
 particulars respecting the Earl of Oxford see Collins's 
 Peerage, by Sir S. E. Brydges ; Park's Walpole's R, and 
 N. Authors ; Swift's Works ; Spence's Anecdotes ; Dibdin's 
 Bibliomania, and his Bibl. Decam. ; Coxe's Life of Wai- 
 pole; histories of England; especially note Macaulay's 
 Hist, of England, vol. iv. 
 
 Harley, Wm., d. 1830. The Harleian Dairy Sys 
 tem, &c., Lon., 1829, 8vo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Harlowe, Pedsell. Detection of R. Breerly's Fraud 
 in a Book entit. The Judgment of the Apostles, Lon., 
 1641, 4to. 
 
 Harlwick, Wm. Hist, of the Third Session of the 
 Present Parl., <fcc., Lon., 1717, Svo. 
 
 Harm, J. Infant Baptism, 1808. 
 
 Harman, Ephraim, (perhaps a fictitious name.) A 
 Lett, to T. Randolph's Party Zeal Censured, 1752, Svo. 
 
 Harman, Isaac. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1768, '73. 
 
 Harman, John, wrote two books against the Rev. 
 Geo. Whitefield, 1761, '64, and a treatise on Comets, 1769. 
 
 Harman, Paul. Materia Medica. 
 
 Harman, Thomas, a magistrate temp. Elizabeth. 
 1. A Cauet for commen Cvrestors, vulgarely called Vaga- 
 bones, newly augmented and imprinted, 1567, London, by 
 Wylliam Grymth, 4to. Very rare, and has been sold for 
 16. Another ed., London, by Henry Middleton, 1573, 
 4to. Reprint from this last ed., 1814, 4to; 100 copies 
 struck off, 
 
 " The illustration of the manners and customs of a country, and 
 particularly those of our own, is always interesting. In this point 
 of view it is hoped that the present reprint will prove acceptable 
 as descriptive of a class of society during the reign of Queen Eliza 
 beth." Advertisement. 
 
 This book is supposed to contain the earliest account 
 of the " Canting Crew." 2. The Fraternityof Vagabones, 
 Per Anonymum, 1575. 
 
 Harmand, T. Dictionary of French Homonymos, 
 Glasg., 1817, 12mo. 
 
 Harmar, John, Warden of Winchester, d. 1613, was 
 employed on the trans, of the Bible, and pub. some of 
 Chrysostom's Homilies from MSS. in the Library of New 
 College, Oxford, and trans, of serms. of Calvin and Beza. 
 See authorities cited in next article, and see Watt's Bibl. 
 Brit. 
 
 Harmar, John, 1594P-1670, son of the preceding, 
 and a schoolmaster and divine, pub. Praxis Grammatica, 
 1622 ; Janua Linguaruin, 1626 ; Protomartyr Britannus, 
 1627; Lexicon Etymologicon Graecum, 1637; several ora 
 tions, &c. ; and translations from the Greek and Latin. 
 
 "He was a most excellent philologist, and a tolerable Latin 
 poet; was happy in rend'ring Greek into Latin, or Latin into 
 English, or English into Greek or Latin, whether in prose or 
 verse; which we now call transversing and transposing." Athen. 
 Oxon. 
 
 " He was an honest, weak man." NBAL. 
 
 See Wood's Athen. Oxon., and his Annals and Life; 
 Neal and Calamy; Biog. Brit., in art. Butler. 
 
 Harmer, Anthony. Under this fictitious name the 
 Rev. Henry Wharton pub. his Specimen of some Errors 
 and Defects in Bishop Burnet's Hist, of the Reformation, 
 Lon., 1693, Svo. See WHARTON, HENRY. 
 
 Harmer, James. Documents, etc. rel. to the trial 
 of Holloway and Hagerty, 1807, Svo. 
 
 Harmer, T. Fishes; Phil. Trans., 1707. 
 
 Harmer, Rev. Thomas, 1715-1788, a learned Dis 
 senting divine, a native of Norwi9h, England, became 
 minister of a congregation at Wattesfield, Suffolk. 1. Ob 
 servations on various Passages of Scripture; placing them 
 in a light altogether new, from Relations in Books of 
 Voyages and Travels, Lon., 1764, Svo. Enlarged ed., 
 1776, 2 vols. Svo. Two addit. vols., 8vo, 1787 ; 4th ed., 
 with addits. by Adam Clarke, LL.D.; 5th and best ed., by 
 A. Clarke, with Life, 1816, 4 vols. Svo. Bishop Lowth, 
 on the pub. of the first two vols., was so pleased with this 
 work, that he lent to the author the unpub. MSS. of the 
 celebrated Cbardin, from which Harmer obtained much 
 new matter. This work should be in the library of every 
 Biblical student and Oriental antiquary. A trans, of the 
 1st ed. was made into German by John Ernest Faber, and 
 pub., with notes and addits. of his own and of Prof. Sey- 
 bold, in 1772 and '75, 2 vols. 8vo. A third vol. appeared 
 in German in 1776. 
 
 "This fact shows the estimation of the work abroad, which all 
 classes at home have agreed to commend." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " The design of this work is very useful, and it has been exe 
 cuted with great ability." BISHOP WATSON. 
 
 "In which he has cast much light on many difficult texts that 
 relate to the customs and manners, religious and civil, of the 
 Asiatic nations, by quotations' from the works of ancient and mo 
 dern travellers in different parts of the East, who have described 
 those customs, &c. as still subsisting." DR. A. CLARKE. 
 
 " In this work numerous passages of Scripture are placed in a 
 light altogether new ; the meanings of others, which are not dis 
 coverable by the methods commonly used by interpreters, are 
 satisfactorily ascertained; and many probable conjectures are 
 offered to the Biblical Student." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 "Light is thrown on them from Eastern Customs." Biclcer- 
 stetVs C. S. 
 
 2. Outlines of a New Comment, on Solomon's Song, 
 drawn by the help of instructions from the East. 1768, 
 8vo; 2ded., 1775, Svo. 
 
 "This is an uncommonly ingenious work, to which all subse 
 quent interpreters of the Song have been much indebted. Har 
 mer does not consider it as an epithalamium properly, but as re 
 lating to a royal marriage, that of Solomon to the daughter of 
 Pharaoh, and this event as designedly symbolical of the rejec 
 tion of the Jews and the calling of the Gentiles. This idea he 
 supports with great ingenuity, and certainly throws much light 
 on various parts of this beautiful but difficult portion of Scrip 
 ture."- Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " In it very many difficult passages of Solomon's Song are hap 
 pily elucidated, and bints are offered of which subsequent com 
 mentators have not failed to avail themselves. It bears a high 
 price." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 "Many good illustrations." Bickerstdh's C. S. 
 
 Respecting the different treatment of this part of Scrip 
 ture by Harmer, and Dr. John Gill, and Wm. Romaine, 
 see Williams's C. P., 5th ed., 1843, 289. 3. Observ. on 
 the Round Towers of Ireland, Archseol., 1789. 4. Miscell. 
 Works, cont'g his Letters, Serms., <tc., by Younginan. 
 1S23, Svo. 
 
 787 
 
HAR 
 
 HAR 
 
 Harmon, D. W. A Journal of Voyages and Travels 
 in the Interior of North America, Andover, Vermont, 1820. 
 Keviewed in the Lon. Quar. Rev., xxvi. 409-416. 
 
 Harness, John, M.D. Con. to Med. and Chir. Trans., 
 1800. 
 
 Harness, -Wm., minister of Regent Square Chapel, 
 London, 1826; now incumbent of All-Saints, Knights- 
 bridge. Among his best-known works are 1. The Con 
 nexion of Christianity with Human Happiness ; being the 
 substance of the Boyle Lectures for 1821, Lon., 1823, 2 
 vols. 8vo. 
 
 ' Mr. Harness has rendered a most important service in thus 
 exhibiting; a picture of the boasted liberty of these states of an 
 tiquity, [Greece and Rome,] their loose morals, and corrupt prac 
 tices; whilst he satisfactorily proves that the religion of Jesus can 
 alone produce true political wisdom, moderation, or patriotic exer 
 tion." Lon. Christian Rememb. 
 
 2. Parochial Serms., 1838, 8vo. 
 
 "Eloquent without art or affectation, and earnest without 
 fanaticism." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 Harney, John M., M.D., 1789-1823, a native of 
 Sussex county, Delaware, settled in Bardstown, Kentucky, 
 and subsequently at Savannah, Georgia. He again re 
 moved to Bardstown, where he remained until his decease. 
 In 1816 he pub. anonymously Crystalina; a Fairy-Tale, 
 in Six Cantos, which was enthusiastically commended by 
 John Neal, in the Portico, a monthly magazine of Balti 
 more, edited by him. After his decease some of his other 
 productions were given to the world, among which the 
 Fever Dream has perhaps been most admired. See Gris- 
 wold's Poets and Poetry of America, 16th ed., Phila., 1855. 
 
 Harper. 1. Rep. of Cases in the Constit. Ct. of S. 
 Carolina, Columb., 1824, 8vo. 2. Rep. of Equity Cases in 
 the Ct. of Appeals of S. Carolina, 1825, 8vo. 
 
 Harper of Lincoln's Inn is said to be the author of 
 the following work, although it was pub. under the name 
 of Sir Michael Foster. Examination of Church-Power 
 laid down in the Codex Juris Eccles. Ang., Ac., Lon., 
 1735, 8vo; 3d ed. To which is subjoined Dr. Andrews's 
 Answer, 1736, 8vo. See FOSTER, SIR MICHAEL. 
 
 Harper, Andrew. Med. treatises, Lon., 1789, 8vo. 
 
 Harper, John. Serm. on Musick, Lon., 1730, 8vo. 
 
 Harper, John. The Sea-Side and Aquarium, Lon., 
 1858, 12mo. 
 
 Harper, Robert Goodloe, 1765-1825, a native of 
 Fredericksburg, Virginia, removed to S. Carolina, and be 
 came an eminent lawyer, and a member of the U. States 
 Senate. A collective ed. of his Select Works, consisting 
 of Speeches on Politics and Forensic Subjects, Ac., was 
 pub. in Baltimore in 1814, 8vo. 
 
 " His writings are energetic, manly, profound, satisfactory. We 
 hold him to be, altogether, one of the ablest men that North Ame 
 rica has produced." JOHN NEAL: Elackw. Mag., xvii. 56. 
 
 Harper, S. Title-Deeds, 3d ed., Lon., 1829, 8vo. 
 
 Harper, Rev. T. Christian Teacher, 2d ed., Lon., 
 1806. 
 
 Harper, Thomas. Accomptant's Companion, 12mo. 
 
 Harper, Walter. Serms., 1789, '96, '97. 
 
 Harpley, T. 1. Poems, Lon., 1785, 8vo. Written in 
 conjunction with W. Sancroft. 2. The Genius of Liver 
 pool ; a Drama, 1790, 8vo. 3. The Milliners; a Burletta, 
 1790, 8vo. 4. The Triumph of Fidelity ; a Drama in 
 rhyme, 1790, 8vo. 
 
 Harpsfield, John, d. 1578, Dean of Norwich, and 
 chaplain to Bishop Bonner, partook largely of his perse 
 cuting spirit. 1. Concio ad Clerum, Lon., 1553, 8vo.' 2. 
 Homilies, 1554, '55, '56. Of Bonner's Homilies, nine were 
 written by Harpsfield. 3. Serm., 1556, 16mo. 4. Suppu- 
 tatio Temporum a Diluvio ad A. D. 1559, '60. 5. Dispu 
 tations and Epistles in Fox's Acts and Monuments. 
 
 " A grand zealot far the Rom.Cath. Religion." Athen. Oxon., q.v. 
 
 See also Dodd's Ch. Hist. ; Fox's Acts and Monuments. 
 
 Harpsfield, Nicholas, d. 1583, Regius Prof, of 
 Greek at Oxford, Preb. of St. Paul's, and Archdeacon of 
 Canterbury, was a brother of the preceding. 1. Dialogi 
 sex, Ac., Antwerp, 1566, '73, 4to. Published under the 
 name of ALAN COPE, q. v. in this Dictionary. 2. Historia 
 Anglicana Ecclesiastica, Duaci, 1622, fol. 
 
 " 'Tis a book no less learnedly than painfully performed ; and, 
 abating his partiality to his own interest, he well deserves of all 
 posterity." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 3. Historia hseresis Wickleffanse ; pub. with the former 
 He left a number of MSS. 
 
 " An eminent theologist, well skill'd in both the laws and in 
 Greek, history, and poetry." Athen. Oxon., q. v. 
 
 See also Dodd's Ch. Hist j Tanner and Pits ; Strype. 
 
 Harpur, Joseph, LL.D. An Essay on Philos. Cri 
 ticism as applied to Poetry, Lon., 1810, 4to. 
 
 Harral, Thomas. A novel, Ac., 1798-1805. 
 
 This name is often written Haring- 
 
 Harraden, R. B. 1. Cantabrigia Depicta, Camb., 
 1809, 4to; 2d ed., entit. Hist, of the Univ. of Cambridge, 
 Ac., 1814, sup. r. 8vo. There were also pub. 8 Views and 
 24 Views illustrative of the Univ. of Camb. 2. 6 Views 
 in the Isle of Wight and of Nelley Abbey, 1814. 
 
 Harrar, Thomas. The Foure Brothers; the quali 
 ties of whom are contayned in this old riddle: 
 Foure Brethren were bred at once, 
 Without flesh, bloud or bones; 
 One with a beard, but two had none, 
 The fourth had but half one. 
 1616, 4to. 
 
 Harrington, 
 ton. 
 
 Harrington, E. B. 1. Michigan Chan. Rep., 1836- 
 42, Detroit, 1845, 8vo. In conjunction with E. J. Roberts, 
 Revised Statutes of Michigan, 1837-38, 8vo, 1838. 3. 
 Amer. Equity Digest: see BARBOUR, OLIVER LORENZO, 
 No. 1. 
 
 Harrington, Mrs. E. D., a sister of the late Mrs. 
 Frances Sargent Osgood, has attained some reputation as 
 a contributor to the periodicals of the day. 
 
 Harrington, Sir Edward, son of Henry Harring 
 ton, M. D., of Bath, d. 1807, aged 54. 1. A Schizzo on 
 the Genius of Man, Lon., 1793, 8vo. 2. Travels through 
 parts of France. 
 
 Harrington, Rev. Henry, of Bath, a descendant 
 of Sir John Harrington, Knight, pub. the Nugse Antiquaa 
 of the latter, Lon., 1769-75-79, 3 vols. 12mo ; 2d ed., 
 1792, 3 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., by Thos. Park, 1804, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 See HARRINGTON, SIR JOHN. 
 
 Harrington, Henry, M.D., 1729-1816, an eminent 
 physician, long resident at Bath, a son of the preceding, 
 pub. An Ode to Harmony ; An Ode to Discord ; The Witch 
 of Wokey, a ballad in the Old English Style ; the Geome 
 trical Analogy of the Doctrine of the Trinity, 1806, 4to. 
 
 Harrington, James, 1611-1677, a native of North 
 amptonshire, educated at Trin. Coll., Oxford, under Chil- 
 lingworth, acquired great celebrity as a warm supporter 
 of political freedom. He lived for some time on the con 
 tinent, and doubtless imbibed whilst resident at Venice 
 and the Hague those republican principles which dis 
 tinguished him. His principal work is entit. Oceana, 
 pub. in 1656, fol.: 
 
 " A kind of political romance, in imitation of Plato's ' Atlantic 
 Story,' where by Oceana Harrington means England ; exhibiting 
 a plan of republican government, which he would have erected 
 here, in case these kingdoms had formed themselves into a genuine 
 commonwealth. This work, however, pleased no party, and, as it 
 reflected severely upon Oliver's usurpation, met with many diffi 
 culties in the publishing." 
 
 Harrington pub. also several other political treatises, 
 1658-60, an Essay upon Virgil, 1658, and a trans, of four 
 books of the JEneid into English poetry, 1659. A col 
 lective ed. of his writings was pub. by Toland in 1700, 
 fol.; a better ed. by Toland, Dubl., 1737, fol.; another 
 ed., Lon., 1747, fol. ; and the best one, by Thomas Brand 
 Hollis, with the Life by Toland, in 1771, 4to. As an early 
 supporter of political liberty in England, the name of 
 Harrington will always be entitled to the respect of pos 
 terity, whatever may be thought of the practicability of 
 some of his speculations. 
 
 " Harrington's Oceana was well adapted to that age, when the 
 plans of imaginary republics were the daily subjects of debate and 
 conversation; and even in our time it is justly admired as a work 
 of genius and invention. The idea, however, of a perfect and im 
 mortal commonwealth will always be found as chimerical as that 
 of a perfect and immortal man. The style of this author wauts 
 ease and fluency ; but the good matter which his work contains 
 makes compensation." Hume's Hist, of Eng. 
 
 " The only valuable model of a commonwealth that has yet been 
 offered to the public."' Hume's Essays and Treatises. 
 
 " It is strange that Harrington, so little while ago, should be 
 the first man to find out so evident and demonstrable a truth as 
 that of property being the true basis of power. His Oceana, allow 
 ing for the different situation of things, (as the less number of 
 Lords then, those Lords having no share in the Parliament, and 
 the like,) is certainly one of the best- founded political pieces that 
 ever was writ." DEAN LOCKIER. 
 
 "Harrington, whose Oceana is justly regarded as one of the 
 boasts of English literature." Dugald Stewart's Prelim. Ess. to 
 Encyc. Brit. 
 
 "In general it may be said of Harrington that he is prolix, dull, 
 pedantic, and seldom profound, but sometimes redeems himself 
 by just observations. Like most theoretical politicians of that 
 age, he had an excessive admiration for the republic of Venice. 
 His other political writings are in the same spirit as the Oceana, 
 but still less interesting." Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 See Biog. Brit. ; Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Harrington, Sir James. Divine Meditations, 
 1682, fol. 
 
 Harrington, James, d. 1693, in his 29th year, was 
 educated^ at Christ Church, Oxford, and subsequently 
 
HAR 
 
 HAR 
 
 entered the Inner Temple. He contributed some verses 
 to the Musse Anglicanae, wrote the preface to the 1st vol. 
 of Wood's Athenae, and the introduction to vol. ii. ; edited, 
 with a Life and Preface, the works of Dr. George Strad- 
 ling, and pub. a number of tracts respecting the Uni 
 versity of Oxford. 
 
 " His death was much deplor'd by those that knew him, because, 
 1. That he was a prodigy, considering his age, in his knowledge 
 of the common law ; 2. That he was a person of excellent parts ; 
 and, 3. Thsit he was very honest in his dealing, and of a good and 
 generous nature." Athen. Oxon. See Bliss's ed.; and Nichols's 
 Alterbury. 
 
 Harrington, John, of Stepney, 1534-1582, father 
 of Sir John Harrington, wrote some poetical pieces, <fcc., 
 which were pub. in the Nugae Antiquae. See next article. ' 
 His lines are thought to exhibit a polish not common in 
 the writers of the day. The "Verses made on Isabella 
 Markhame" have been greatly extolled: 
 
 ' If the poem here selected be rightly attributed to him by the 
 Harington papers, he cannot be denied the singular merit of hav 
 ing united an elegance of taste with an artifice of style which fer 
 exceeded his contemporaries." Ellis's Specimens. 
 
 " But hardly any light poem of this early period is superior to 
 some lines addressed to Isabella Markham by Sir John [John, 
 not Sir John] Harington, bearing the date of 1564. If these are 
 genuine, and I know not how to dispute it, they are as polished as 
 any written at the close of the queen's reign. These are not in 
 the Paradise of Dainty Devices.'' Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 Harrington, Sir John, 1561-1612, son of the pre 
 ceding, was a great favourite with his godmother, Queen 
 Elizabeth, although temporarily banished from court for 
 writing a witty work upon an objectionable theme, en 
 titled The Metamorphosis of Ajax, Lon., 1596, 8vo. A 
 license was refused for printing this work, yet it never 
 theless went through three impressions. A new ed. of 100 
 copies was printed, Chiswick, 1814, 8vo. See Lowndes's 
 Bibl. Man. and Bibl. Anglo-Poet, 316-325. Sir John also 
 pub. (2.) Orlando Furioso, trans, into Heroical English 
 Verse, Lon., 1591, 1607, fol. ; 3d ed., including the Epi 
 grams, (dated 1633, pp. 46,) 1634, fol. This is the first Eng 
 lish version of Ariosto. The first fifty stanzas of Book xxxii. 
 were trans, by Francis Harrington, Sir John's younger 
 brother. 
 
 "Although executed without spirit or accuracy, unanimated and 
 incorrect, it enriched our poetry by a communication of new stories 
 of fiction and imagination, both of the romantic and comic species 
 of Gothic machinery and familiar manners." Warton's Hist, of 
 Eng. Pod. 
 
 " Much admired at the time, though now found to be inaccurate 
 and feeble." Eltts's Specimens. 
 
 Another eminent authority, comparing Harrington's 
 Ariosto with Fairfax's Tasso, remarks : 
 
 " The translation of Ariosto by Sir John Harrington, in 1591, is 
 much inferior." Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 3. The most elegant and witty Epigrams of Sir J. H., 
 1615, 4to. This ed. contains only 115 Epigrams, and 
 forms the 4th book of the entire collection, pub. 1618, sm. 
 8vo; 1625, sm. Svo; 1634, fol.; with the Orlando, 1633, 
 fol. The Orlando in this vol. is the 3d ed., and is dated 
 1634, although the Epigrams are dated 1633. 
 
 " Sir John Harrington, no less noted for his book of witty epi 
 grams than his judicious translation of Ariosto's Orlando Furioso." 
 Phillips's Theat. Poet. 
 
 "Formed his most popular production." Ettis's Specimens. 
 
 "The epigrams it must be confessed, although they appear to 
 have once enjoyed some reputation, possess no poetical merit. 
 They are flat, colloquial rhymes, of that low tone above which it 
 seems to have been difficult for the genius of Harrington to' rise." 
 Censura Literaria. 
 
 4. The Englishman's Doctor, or the School of Salerne, 
 1609, 8vo. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 323, 20, 1624, 8vo. Bibl. 
 Anglo-Poet, 324, 15. 5. The Hist, of Polindor and Flos- 
 tella, with other Poems, 1651, Svo. 6. Briefe View of the 
 State of the Ch. of Eng., 1653, 12rno. This was intended 
 as a continuation of Bp. Godwin's Catalogue of Bishops, 
 who brought his list down to about 1601. 
 
 " Malicious remarks upon the bishops of his time." Bp. Nicnl- 
 ton's Eng. Hist. Lib. 
 
 7. Nugaa Antiquae ; being a Miscell. Collect, of Original 
 Papers in Prose and Verse, temp. Henry VIII., Ed. VI., 
 Mary, Eliz., and James, by Sir J. H., and by others who 
 lived in those times, Lon., 1769-75-79, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 Pub. by the Rev. Henry Harrington, of Bath; 2d ed., 
 1792, 3 vols. Svo; 3d ed., newly arranged, with Illust. 
 Notes by Thomas Park, 1804, 2 vols. Svo. Prefixed is a 
 life of the author. 
 
 " In reconducting this miscellany to the press, I have taken the 
 liberty of rejecting several prose pieces which had appeared in 
 preceding editions, and of inserting others that seemed to possess 
 stronger claims for admission into a melange suranne." Park's 
 Advert. 
 
 These vols. should be in the library of every historical 
 student. 
 
 "Sir John Harrington appears to have been a gentleman of 
 great pleasantry and humour ; his fortune was easy, the court his 
 
 element, and wit, not his business, but diversion." Cooper's 
 Muses' 1 Library, p. 297. 
 
 In addition to authorities cited above, see Athen. Oxon.; 
 Hutchinson's Cumberland ; Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Harrington, John Herbert. 1. Saade's Works in, 
 Persian, Calcut, 1791-95, 2 vols. fol. 2. Laws for Brit. 
 India, 1805, fol. 
 
 Harrington, Joseph, of San Francisco, California. 
 Serms., with a Memoir of his Life by Wm. Whiting, Bost, 
 1855, 12mo. 
 
 Harrington, Robert, M.D., pub. a number of trea 
 tises upon subjects connected with nat philos. and che 
 mistry, 1781-1804. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Harrington, S. M., Chief-Justice of Delaware. Rep. 
 in the Sup'r Ct, Ac. of Delaware, Dover, 1837-44, 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 Harrington, Thomas. Science Improved: Nat. 
 and Experiment Philos., Lon., 1774, 4to. 
 
 Harrington, Wm. The Comendation of Matrimony, 
 1 528, 4to. See Dibdin's Typ. Antiq. of G. Brit ; Lowndes's 
 Bibl. Man. 
 
 Harriot, John- Staples, Col. au 23e Regiment d'ln- 
 fanterie au Bengale. Memoire sur les Kab'ir Pantis, secte 
 de de"istes de 1'Hindoustan, Par., 1832, Svo. 
 
 Harriott, John. An Engine ; Nic. Jour., 1803. 
 
 Harriott, John. Struggles through Life, Lon., 1807, 
 2 vols. 12mo; 1815, 3 vols. 12mo. This work contains an 
 amusing account of the author's adventures in New Eng 
 land. 
 
 Harriott, or Harriot, Thomas, 1560-1621, an 
 eminent mathematician and astronomer, educated at St. 
 Mary Hall, Oxford, of which city he was a, native, resided 
 in the family of Sir Walter Raleigh, by whom he was sent 
 to Virginia, with Sir Richard Grenville, in 1585. Of this 
 province he pub. an account, entit. A Briefe and True Re 
 port of the New Found Land of Virginia, Ac., Lon., 1588, 
 fol. This work was pub. in Latin by De Bry <fc Sons, 
 Franc., 1590, fol.; also in French and German. The 
 English version is the rarest of the De Bry set of voy 
 ages ; a copy sold at the Nassau sale produced 100, and 
 Lord Oxford paid the same sum for his. But we have 
 already given more space than we can well afford to the 
 Voyages of De Bry and Sons in our article RICHARD 
 HAKLUYT, q. ., and authorities there cited. Harriott's 
 account of Virginia will be found in vol. iii. of Hakluyt's 
 Voyages. After Harriott's death Walter Warner pub. from 
 his MSS. his Artis Analytic* Praxis ad ^Equationes Alge- 
 braicas nova, expedita et general! Methodo resolvendas, 
 Lon., 1631, fol. 
 
 " Harriott .... was destined to make the last great discovery 
 in the pure science of algebra. . . . Harriott arrived at a complete 
 theory of the genesis of equations, which Cardan and Vieta had 
 but partially conceived." Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. See 4th 
 ed., Lon., 1854; vol i. 454, 456; ii. 223; iii. 181, n. 189. 
 
 See also Biog. Brit; Wallis's Hist of Algebra; Encyc. 
 Brit. ; Button's Diet ; Letters by Eminent Persons. 
 
 Harris, Miss. Coloured Drawings of British Butter 
 flies, from the Collection of Mr. W. E. Leach, with letter 
 press Descriptions, Exeter, imp. 4to. 4 Nos. 
 
 Harris, Miss. 1. From Oxford to Rome, and how it 
 fared with some who lately made the journey, by a Com 
 panion Traveller, 2d ed., Lon., 1847, Svo. See Lon. Quar. 
 Rev., Ixxxi. 131-166. 2. Rest in the Church, 1848, sm. Svo. 
 
 Harris, Alexander. A Converted Atheist's Testi 
 mony to the Truth of Christianity, 4th ed., Lon., fp. Svo. 
 
 " A very interesting account of the experience of an intelligent 
 and sincere mind on the subject of religion. We can honestly 
 recommend the book to the notice of our readers." Lon. Eclec. 
 Rev. 
 
 Harris, Barth. Lusus Serius in Petronii Arbitri, 
 Matronam Ephesiam, Lon., 1665, 12mo. 
 
 "A curious little treatise." Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Harris, Catherine. Edwardina; a Nov., 2 vols. 
 
 Harris, Chapin A., M.D., b. 1806, at Pompey, 
 Onondaga county, N. York, Prof, of the Principles and 
 Practice of Dental Surgery in the Baltimore College, <fcc. 
 This college, chartered in 1839-40, the first of its kind in 
 the world, was originated by Dr. Harris. 1. Dissert, on 
 the Diseases of the Maxillary Sinus, Phila., 1842, Svo, 
 pp. 160. 2. Characteristics of the Human Teeth, &c., 
 Bait, 1841, Svo, pp. 119. 3. Dictionary of Dental Science, 
 1849, Svo, pp. 780 ; 2d ed., entit Dictionary of Medicine, 
 Dental Surgery, and the Collateral Sciences, 1854, r. Svo, 
 pp. 800. In this ed. the biographical and bibliographical 
 matter has been omitted, but between 7000 and 8000 new 
 words have been added, and other important improve 
 ments have been made. 
 
 " This is the only work of the kind in the world, it is presumed, 
 and one is almost tempted to believe there will never be another, 
 since whatever belongs to the subject is here brought into an 
 elaborate alphabetical arrangement, as convenient as could be 
 
HAR 
 
 IIAR 
 
 desired for reference. This dictionary is a valuable reference for ' Arrangements, Edin. and Lon., 1775, 8vo. This is a por- 
 
 the medical profession also, and may be resorted to with profit^in 
 regard to a variety of diseases for which they are consulted.' 
 Boston Med. and Surg. Journal. 
 
 4. Principles and Practice of Dental Surgery, Bait., 
 1839, Svo, pp. 384; 7th ed., Phila., 1858, Svo, pp. 892. 
 
 "We feel warranted in sayinu that it embodies more practical 
 information than any other work on the subject in the English 
 language : we would consequently recommend its perusal in the 
 most unqua^fied terms to the medical profession generally, and to 
 the scientific Surgeon-Dentist in particular." Southern Medical 
 and Surgical Journal. 
 
 5. Fox's Natural Hist, and Diseases of the Human 
 
 tion of a larger work that he had meditated, but never 
 finished, upon the logic of Aristotle. 5. Philological In 
 quiries, in 3 Parts, Lon., 1780, 2 vols. 8vo; Part 3, in 
 French, Paris, 1789, 12mo. 6. Works, with Lite, by his 
 son, the Earl of Malmesbury, Lon., 1801, 2 vols. 4to and 
 r. 4to; 1803, 5 vols. Svo. 
 
 "His profound knowledge of Greek, which he applied more suc 
 cessfully, perhaps, than any modern writer has done, to the study 
 and explanation of ancient philosophy, arose from an early and 
 intimate acquaintance with the excellent poets and historians in 
 that language." EARL OF MALMESBURY : Life of his father, q. v. 
 'Mr. Harris had long left the University of Oxford before he 
 
 _. _ __ -.- j.0 . 9r1 I " 
 
 Teeth ; edited, with addits., 1846, imp. 8vo, pp. 440 , 2d j ^ to read Artotl or to , ire to tne Greek hiloso . 
 
 ed., Phila., 1855, Svo. 6. Trans, of Desirabode's Complete 
 Elements of the Science and Art of the Dentist, Bait., 
 1847, Svo, pp. 552; in the original French, about pp. 900. 
 We are indebted to Dr. H. for tAvo or three other transla 
 tions from the same language. Dr. Harris has edited the 
 Amer. Jour, of Dental Science from its commencement in 
 1839 to the present time, (1858,) i.e. for nineteen years, 
 
 assisted at various times by Drs. E. Parmly, S. Brown, 
 
 E. Maynard, A. Westcot, W. H. Dwindle, A. A. Blandy, 
 and A. Snowden Piggot. He has also been a contributor 
 to the Maryland Jour, of Med. and Chir., Amer. Jour, of 
 Med. Science, N. York Dental Recorder, and to one or two 
 literary publications. 
 
 Harris, Daniel. Transit of Venus; Phil. Trans., 1769. 
 Harris, Edmund. Serins., 1588, '90. 
 Harris, G. P. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1807. 
 Harris, George, d. 1796, an English civilian, Chan 
 cellor of the dioceses of Durham, Hereford, and Llandaff, 
 and Commissary of Essex, Herts, and Surrey, was the son 
 of Dr. John Harris, Bp. of Llandaff. 1. Observ. upon the 
 Eng. Language, 1752, Svo. Anon. 2. D. Justiniani Insti- 
 tutionum, Libri Quatuor, with an Eng. trans, and notes, 
 Lon., 1756, '61; Oxf., 1811, all 4to. 
 
 "A valuable work, worthy the perusal of any gentleman who 
 would form a just notion of the civil policy of the Romans, and 
 acquire, at the same time, a comparative view of the English." 
 DR. ADAM CLARKE. 
 
 "Mr. Harris's translation is accurate, and furnished with some 
 notes which elucidate obscure passages, and occasionally point out 
 the analogy between the Common and the Civil Law." Marvin's 
 Leg. Bibl. See COOPER, THOMAS. M.D.; LYON, GEORGE. 
 
 Harris, George. 1. Life of Lord-Chancellor Hard- 
 wicke, Lon., 1847, 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 " Vigorous, intelligent, and interesting." Lon. Quar. Pev. 
 This work gives some important information respecting 
 the Roman Catholics. 
 
 2. True Theory of Representation in a State, 1852. 
 Harris, George W. Reports of the Supreme Ct. of 
 Penna., 1849-56, Phila., 12 vols. 
 
 Harris, Henrietta. Poems, 1806, 12rno. 
 Harris, Henry. On Priesthood, Oxf., 1849, Svo. 
 Harris, Rev. J. Sufferings of Christ, 1809. 
 Harris, James, M.P., of Salisbury, 1709-1780, a ne 
 phew of Lord Shaftesbury, the celebrated author of the 
 Characteristics, was educated at Wadham Coll., Oxf., and 
 removed from thence to Lincoln's Inn. In 1761 he entered 
 Parliament; in 1762 became a Lord of the Admiralty; in 
 1763 Lord of the Treasury; and in 1774 Secretary and 
 Comptroller to the Queen. He was a man of great erudi 
 tion, and especially skilled in the Greek and Latin classics. 
 1. Three Treatises : I. Art; II. Music, Painting, and Poetry ; 
 III. Happiness, Lon., 1744, Svo. Other eds. in 1765, '71, '72. 
 This is a valuable work. An eminent authority commends 
 the treatise on Art, as 
 
 "The best specimen of the dividing or diaeretic manner, as the 
 ancients called it, that is to be found in any modern book with 
 which I am acquainted." LORD MONBODDO. 
 
 2. Hermes; or, a Philosophical Inquiry concerning Lan 
 guage and Universal Grammar, Lon., 1750, '51, '71, '75, 
 1806, Svo. The title of this learned work has sometimes 
 occasioned its being purchased for a novel ; but a pupil 
 of the Minerva Press school would soon find himself be 
 yond his depth. A celebrated philologist, in the Preface 
 to his English Grammar, thus warmly commends Mr. 
 Harris's treatise : 
 
 "Those who would enter more deeply into this subject will find 
 it fully and accurately handled, with the greatest acuteness of 
 investigation, perspicuity of application, and elegance of method, 
 in a Treatise entitled Hermes, by J. Harris, Esq., the most beau 
 tiful and perfect example of analysis that has been exhibited since 
 the days of Aristotle." BISHOP LOWTH. 
 
 "On the means of acquiring just taste: written with the pre 
 cision of Aristotle, and the elegance of Quintilian." COLERIDGE. 
 
 "We ought not either to omit the mention of Mr. James Harris, 
 the learned and accomplished author of one of the most beautiful 
 Specimens of metaphysical analysis on the theory of Language, 
 which exist in our language; I mean the work entitled Hermes " 
 Mordl's Hist, of Mod. Philos. 
 
 3. The Spring ; a Pastoral, 1762, 4to. 4. Philosophical 
 
 /hy ; and he was led to the consideration of universal grammar 
 by no book of the academical cycle, either then or since, but by the 
 Minerva of Sanctius. That Mr. Harris was a tardy student of 
 philosophy is shown, perhaps, iu his want of self-re I ianae, in his 
 prejudice in favour of authority at least of ancient authority. 
 But truth is not the property of the old or of the new ; ' non duni 
 occupata,' it frequently belongs to neither." SIR WM. HAMILTON : 
 Oxford as it might be : Append, to Discussions, tfc., 2d ed., Lon., 
 1853, 8vo. 
 
 Mr. Harris's personal character was most estimable: 
 "The deep sense of moral and religious obligation which was 
 habitual to him, and those benevolent feelings which were so great 
 a happiness to his family and friends, had the same powerful in 
 fluence over his public as his private life." EARL OF MALMESBURY: 
 supra. 
 
 " Mr. Harris's style is flat and heavy ; and Dr. Johnson observed 
 to Mrs. 1'iozzi, that in the fourteen lines of which the dedication 
 of the Hermes consists, there were no less than six grammatical 
 faults." Lon. Quar. Bev., Ixxiv. 543 ; Mrs. Piozzi: Ancc., p. 6. 
 
 "At Lord Monboddo's, after the conversation upon the decrease 
 of learning in England, his lordship mentioned Hermes, by Mr. 
 Harris of Salisbury, as the work of a living author for whom he 
 had a great respect. Dr. Johnson said nothing at the time; but 
 when we were iu our post-chaise, told me he thought Harris ' a 
 coxcomb.' " BOSWELL : Life of Johnson. 
 
 Harris, James, M.P., first Earl of Malmesbury, 
 1746-1820, son of the preceding, educated at Merton Col 
 lege, Oxford, and at the University of Leyden, was for 
 many years ambassador from Great Britain to Spain, 
 Prussia, Russia, the Hague, and France, respectively. In 
 1843-44 his grandson, the third Earl, pub., in 4 vols. Svo, 
 his grandfather's Diaries and Correspondence, 1767-1809. 
 "As to literary merit, the volumes have none at all. In his 
 style, the son of the author of Hermes follows his father's example 
 rather than his precepts. It is flat and ungraniinatical ; and, 
 what is more surprising, vulgar ' to a degree!' to use one of his 
 own slip-slop phrases and we do not know that we ever read so 
 many letters in which there was so little of that occasional orna 
 ment and relief which literature and wit can impart even to the 
 driest business." Lon. Quar. Rev., Ixxiv. 508-544. 
 
 His lordship was the author of an Introduction to the 
 Hist, of the Dutch Republic. 
 Harris, James. Algebraist's Assist., 1818. 
 Harris, John. The Divine Physician; prescribing 
 Rules for the cure of diseases as well of the Body as the 
 Soul, Lon., 1676, Svo. 
 
 Harris, John, Rector of Winchelsea. Animalcules 
 in AVater; Phil. Trans., 1696. 
 
 Harris, John, D.D., 1667-1719, the first compiler of 
 a Dictionary of Arts and Sciences in England, educated 
 at St. John's Coll., Camb., became Rector of St. Mildred's, 
 London, Perpetual Curate of Stroud, Preb. of Rochester, 
 and Fellow-Secretary and Vice-President of the Royal 
 Society. He died in great poverty. He pub. works on 
 nat. hist., mathematics, and astronomy, serins., <fec., 1697- 
 1719, and the following compilations, by which he is best 
 known : 1. Collection of Voyages and Travels, Lon., 1702, 
 '05, Svo. New ed., revised and continued by Dr. John 
 Campbell, 1744-48, 2 vols. fol. Consisting of above six 
 hundred of the most authentic writers from Columbus to 
 Anson. This collection is compiled from Hakluyt, Pur- 
 chas, Ramusio, The"venot, De Bry, Herrera, Ac. 
 
 " As to Harris's Collection, let any one inspect the curious con 
 tents only of the first volume, as exhibited by Mr. Harris in his 
 valuable Catalogue of the Library of the Koyal Institution, p. 200, 
 and he will not hesitate a moment respecting the importance of 
 the work." Dibdin's Lib. Comp. 
 
 " It appears to have been got up in competition with Churchill's 
 Collection, but differs entirely from that work, being a history of 
 all the known voyages and travels, whereas Churchill's is a collec 
 tion of some particular relations and histories." Jiich's Bibl. Amer. 
 JVwa. 
 
 See CHURCHILL, OWNSHAM and JOHN; CAMPBELL, JOHN, 
 LL.D. ; HAKLUYT, RICHARD; OSBORNE, THOMAS; PINK- 
 ERTON, JOHN. 2. Lexicon Technicum; or, an Universal 
 Dictionary of Arts and Sciences: explaining not only the 
 Terms of Art, but the Arts themselves, 2 vols. fol., 1704, 
 <fcc. 5 eds. appeared before 1741, when a Supp. was pub. 
 This is the first of the respectable line of English Ency- 
 clopsedias, of which the 8th edit, of the Encyclopaedia 
 Britannica, now (1858) in course of publication, is the 
 last. See Bowyer's criticism on the terms Cyclopaedia and 
 
HAR 
 
 Encyclopaedia, in our life of EPHRAIM CHAMBERS. 3. His 
 tory of Kent ; containing its Topography, Civil and Eccles. 
 Hist., <fec., 1719, 2 vols. fol. Posth. Left incomplete, and 
 very inaccurate also, at his death. In 1698 Dr. Harris 
 preached the course of Boyle Lectures : see Boyle Lec 
 tures, vol. i. 356-425, 1739. 
 
 Harris, John, Bishop of Llandaff, 1729, d. 1738. 
 Serms., 1716, '25, '34. 
 
 Harris, John, M.D. Con. to Mem. Med., 1799. 
 
 Harris, John, D.D., a Dissenting divine, Principal 
 of New College, St. John's Wood, London, was born at 
 Ugborough, Devonshire, in 1804, and entered Hoxton 
 College as a student of divinity in 1823. He preached 
 for some time at Epsom, and in 1837 became Prof, of 
 Theology in Cheshunt College. On the occasion of the amal 
 gamation, in 1850, of the Independent colleges of High 
 bury, Homerton, and Coward, into New College, Dr. Harris 
 became Principal of the Institute, and its Professor of 
 Theology. Dr. Harris died December 21, 1856. As an 
 author, Dr. Harris attained a wide celebrity both in 
 Europe and America. 1. The Great Teacher, Lon., 1835, 
 p. Svo. 2. The Christian Citizen ; a Serm., cr. Svo. 3. The 
 Witnessing Church ; a Serm., Svo. 4. Britannia; or, The 
 Condition and Claims of Seamen, 1837, Svo. New ed., 
 1853, p. Svo. This obtained a prize of 50. 
 
 " This is an excellent and powerful appeal in aid of the objects 
 of the British and Foreign Sailors' Society, and we congratulate 
 the Society on having found so able an advocate as Mr. Harris 
 proves himself to be." Lon. Nautical Mag. 
 
 5. Covetousness the sin of the Christian Church, 1836, 
 p. Svo. New ed., 1851, p. Svo. This essay obtained a 
 prize of one hundred guineas. About 90,000 to 100,000 
 copies have been sold to the present time, (1856.) We 
 have already alluded to the censure which it elicited : see 
 ELLABY, JAMES, and A. S. THELWALL; Lon. Presbyterian 
 Review, Aug. 1837. 6. Union; or, The Divided Church 
 made One, 1836, p. Svo. New ed., 1851, p. Svo. 
 
 " We cordially recommend the Essay to our readers. It appears 
 to us more than worth all the schemes of comprehension that have 
 ever been propounded, or all the henoticons or concordats that 
 have ever been imagined." Lon. Eclectic Review. 
 
 " All the writings of Mr. Harris are excellent, and deservedly 
 popular. It is very remarkable that they tend to elevate the tone 
 of Christian principle, and to kindle and purify the zeal of God's 
 professing people, more than those of any other living author. 
 That this subject has been undertaken by Mr. Harris is to us 
 matter'of high gratification. It is one very worthy of his master 
 mind, and one, the claims of which he has rendered forcibly at 
 tractive, if not in every part absolutely irresistible." Lon. New 
 Connexion Mag. 
 
 " We desire to give it the most cordial recommendation, as a 
 production which evinces a bright intellect, a pious disposition 
 and a catholic and loving spirit." Lon. Baptist Repositm-y. 
 
 7. The Great Commission, 1842, p. Svo. New ed., 1852 
 p. Svo. This essay on Christian Missions obtained a prize 
 of two hundred guineas. 
 
 " The production, in all its departments, bears the impress of 
 the hand of a consummate artist. The symmetry, the proportion 
 of parts to parts, is all but perfect. The materials are skilfully 
 selected ; they are rich, varied, and appropriate. Nothing is want 
 ing that knowledge, research, or invention, could supply. The 
 work throughout bespeaks the Christian, the philosopher, tht 
 man of letters, and, rarest of all, the man of business." Lon 
 Eclectic Review. 
 
 "It is a magnificent production. Comprehensive in plan; ad 
 mirable in arrangement; elegant in diction ; happy in illustration 
 cogent and conclusive in reasoning, and powerful in appeal. It 
 is a volume which the church of Christ, if true to her hiterests 
 and faithful to the responsibilities of her high vocation, nevei 
 must, never can, ' willingly let die.' It is an honour to our country 
 a boon to our churches, a blessing to the world." Lon. Christian 
 Examiner. 
 
 8. The Pre-Adamite Earth, 1847, Svo. New ed., 1850 
 Svo. This is the first of a series of which three works 
 have been pub. See also Nos. 9 and 10. 
 
 " The work exhibits great research and power of analysis, clea 
 and profound reasoning and demonstrations. The attempt i 
 made, and we think successfully, to show that there is a theology 
 in nature which is ultimately one with the theology of the Bible; 
 Lon. Biblical Repository. 
 
 " We estimate highly Dr. Harris's book. In many respects it 5 
 
 the best book of the kind we have seen To those who will take 
 
 the trouble to read it through, we feel assured that it will prove a 
 source of instruction and elevating thought." Lon. Atlienceum. 
 
 9. Man Primeval, 1849, Svo. 
 
 " His copious and beautiful illustrations of the successive law; 
 of the Divine Manifestation have yielded us inexpressible delight.' 
 Lon. Eclectic Rev. 
 
 " We do not believe that in any treatise in our language man' 
 relation to the system and order of things to which he belong! 
 has ever been so fully and satisfactorily developed." Lon. Evan 
 gel. Mag. 
 
 10. Patriarchy; or, The Family, its Constitution, Ac. 
 1855, Svo. A collective ed. of the Works of Dr. Harri 
 was pub. in 1838, Lon., 4 vols. r. 12mo. We have quote( 
 but from a few of the commendations before us of the work 
 
 HAR 
 
 )f this distinguished divine. We feel unwilling to close. 
 
 ithout brief citations from two well-known authorities : 
 
 " Harris's Great Teacher, Mammon, The Great Commission, &c< 
 
 lave been received with extraordinary approbation by almost all 
 
 ilasses of religious people ; and are justly entitled to the applause 
 
 vhich they have commanded. They are not more remarkable for 
 
 ;he elegance of their diction than for the spirit of pure and fervent 
 
 devotion by which they are pervaded." Dr. E. Williams's Ctvris- 
 
 ian Preacher. 
 
 " His great power is the exhaustion and ingenious illustration 
 >f topics. His manner of writing has a quiet earnestness about 
 _t which is very impressive, and which characterizes his mode of 
 public address. He deserves great praise for the lively graces of 
 Mammon, for the manful and masterful execution of the Great 
 Teacher, a book which contains the most successful full-length 
 portraiture of the Divine Man we have read, and, since the first 
 edition of this work appeared, for two very vigorous and original 
 books on the Pre-Adamite Earth, and Man Primeval." Gilfillarts 
 First Gallery of Literary Portraits, 3d ed., Lon., 1851 ; 143-144. 
 
 See also Lon. Eclectic Review, 4th S., iv. 303 ; xxi. 137; 
 xxvi. 612 ; Brit. Quar. Rev., v. 387 ; South. Quar. Rev., 
 xxi. 48 ; Bost. Chris. Rev., vii. 379 ; by D. W. Phillips, 
 xiv. 402; by A. P. Peabody, N. Amer. Rev., Ixx. 391. 
 
 Most of Dr. Harris's works have been republished in 
 neat style by Gould & Lincoln, of Boston. 
 
 Harris, Joseph. Dramas and poems, 1691-1702. 
 See Biog. Drainat. ; Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Harris, Joseph, Assay-Master of the Mint, d. 1764, 
 pub. mathemat. and other treatises, 1730-75, of which the 
 following is the best-known : An Essay upon Money and 
 Coins; in Two Parts, Lon., 1757, Svo. 
 
 " This is one of the very best treatises on money and coins that 
 have ever been published." McCulloch's Lit. of Pulii. Econ., q. v. 
 Harris, Joseph, Secretary to Vice-Admiral Mil- 
 banke, d. 1789, aged 31. Naval Characters, &c. 
 
 Harris, Moses. 1. The Aurelian; or, Nat. Hist, of 
 English Moths and Butterflies, Lon., 1766, fol., 1776, '82, 
 4to. A copy on vellum, in Edwards's Catalogue for 1796, 
 was marked 52 10s. See a learned paper upon this sub 
 ject, with a review of this work, in the Lon. Retrosp. Rev., 
 N. S., i. 230-245, 1827. A new ed. of the Aurelian, by J. 
 0. Westwood, was pub. by H. G. Bohn in 1840, sm. fol., 
 44 plates, 4 4. This is the only work which contains 
 the English moths and butterflies of the full natural size, 
 in all their changes of Caterpillar, Chrysalis, <fcc., with the 
 plants on which they feed. 
 
 2. The English Lepidoptera; or, The Aurelian's Pocket- 
 Companion, 1775, Svo. 3. An Exposition of English In 
 sects, in Eng. and French, Lon., 1776, '82, r. 4to, 50 plates. 
 A work of great value. 
 
 " Moses Harris was the best painter and engraver of insects of 
 his day, besides being a most accurate describer." SWAINSON. 
 
 Harris, Rev. Raymond. Slave Trade, Liverp., 
 1788, Svo. 
 
 Harris, Richard. Concordia Anglicana de prima- 
 tur Eccl. Hegio, Ac., Lon., 1612, Svo. In English, with 
 addits., 1614, 4to. 
 
 Harris, Robert, D.D., 1578-1658, a Puritan divine, 
 a native of Gloucestershire, educated at Magdalen Hall, 
 Oxford, obtained the living of Hanwell, Oxfordshire; 
 President of Trin. Coll., Oxford, 1648-58. He pub. a 
 number of Serms. &c., 1618-42, and Two Letters in vin- 
 dic. of himself, 1648, 4to. Works collected, 1635, fol.; 
 with some addit. serms., 1654, fol. Bishop Wilkins classes 
 him among the most eminent of English divines. 
 
 " A far-famed puritanical preacher of his time." Athen. Oxen. 
 
 " A man of admirable prudence, profound judgment, eminent 
 
 gifts and graces, and furnished with all qualifications which might 
 
 render him a complete man, a wise governor, a popular Preacher, 
 
 and a good Christian." DURHAM. 
 
 See Athen. Oxon., and the Annals, Colleges, and Halls, 
 and Wood's Life; Harris's Life, by Durham, 1660, 12mo; 
 Warton's Life of Bathurst,146, and of Sir Thomas Pope,446. 
 Harris, S., D.D., Prof, of Mod. Hist, in the Univ. of 
 Camb. A Comment on the 53d Chap, of Isaiah, Lon., 
 1739, 4to. 
 
 " This is a curious and learned book, which is commended by 
 Dr. Doddridge." Orme's Bill. Bib. 
 
 Harris, T. Covent-Garden Theatre, 1768. 
 Harris, Thaddeus Mason, D.D., 1768-1842, a 
 native of Charlestown, Mass., graduated at Harvard Col 
 lege in 1787, and was librarian of that institution from 
 1791 to 1793. In 1793 he became pastor of a Congrega 
 tional church in Dorchester, and retained this post until 
 his death. He pub. many Sermons and Addresses, and 
 several valuable works. We notice : 1. Discourses in 
 favour of Free-Masonry, Charlestown, 1801, Svo. 2. The 
 Minor Encyclopaedia, 1803, 4 vols. 3. Journal of a Tour 
 into the Territory northwest of the Allegheny Mountains 
 in 1 803, Bost., 1805, Svo. 4. A Natural History of the 
 Bible, 1821, Svo. Other eds., some of which aro entitled, 
 A Dictionary of the Nat. Hist, of the Bible, Lon., 1824, 
 
HAR 
 
 HAR 
 
 8vo; 1825, 12mo. New ed., with addits. and corrections 
 by Josiah Conder, 150 wood-cuts, 1833-34, 12mo. In 
 German, at Leipsic, 1825, 8vo.. We have already noticed 
 this excellent work in our article on CARPENTER, WIL 
 LIAM, q. v. 
 
 "We cheerfully recommend the work both to the learned and 
 the unlearned reader, as containing all that can be known on the 
 subjects which successively occur. Many of the articles will be 
 read with great interest : and in those in which curiosity is most 
 concerned, the author, in a form as much abridged as their nature 
 would admit, has exhausted all the learning of naturalists and 
 travellers ; and. as we believe, has generally come to the right re 
 sults." S. WILLARD : N. Amer. Rev., xix. 86-92. 
 
 This eulogistic notice is "cheerfully adopted" by the 
 distinguished Biblical scholar, the Rev. T. Hartwell Home, 
 D.D. ; see his Bibl. Bib. Mr. Bickersteth also commends 
 Dr. Harris's work : see his Christian Student. 
 
 " This is an excellent book, containing descriptions of all the ani 
 mals, insects, and precious stones, which are mentioned in the 
 Scriptures. They are alphabetically arranged; and thus, while 
 the volume cannot fail to be valuable and interesting to the young 
 reader, it is well adapted to the more mature and experienced." 
 Lon. Lit. Gazette. 
 
 5. Memorials of the First Church in Dorchester ; in Two 
 Discourses, Bost, 1830, 8vo. 6. Biographical Memoirs 
 of James Oglethorpe, Founder of the Colony of Georgia 
 in N. America, 1841, 8vo. 
 
 " Considering the nature of his materials, the author's task was 
 neither inviting nor easy ; but it has been well executed, and he 
 has rendered a just tribute to the memory of a distinguished bene 
 factor of mankind, and a valuable service to the history of his 
 country." JARED SPARKS: N. Amer. Rev., liii. 448-478. 
 
 A biographical notice of Dr. Harris, by Dr. Frothingham, 
 will be found in the Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 4th S., ii. 130. 
 
 "A man of a good deal of learning in New England antiquities." 
 How. EDWARD EVERETT : see conclusion of the next article. 
 
 Harris, Thaddeus William, M.D., grad. at Har 
 vard College, 1815, d. 1856, son of the preceding, was a 
 resident of Cambridge, Mass., and had been Librarian of 
 Harvard College from 1831 to the time of his decease. 
 Dr. Harris was a distinguished entomologist, and as an 
 author was extensively known by A Report on the Insects 
 of Massachusetts Injurious to Vegetation. Cambridge, 
 1841, 8vo. 
 
 " We hardly know where to find a summary so condensed, and, 
 at the same time, so complete. It removes all difficulty at the out 
 set; and thus, while this Report is sufficiently scientific in its execu 
 tion to meet the expectations of the learned, it answers the more 
 important purpose of placing the means of knowledge in every 
 man's hands." N. Amer. Rev., liv. 73-101. 
 
 A second impression of this Report, somewhat enlarged, 
 was pub. by the author in 1842, 8vo, pp. 459, under the 
 title of A Treatise on some of the Insects of New Eng 
 land which are Injurious to Vegetation. A new ed. of 
 this valuable work, revised and enlarged by the addition 
 of about fifty pages, was pub. (under the title just quoted) 
 in 1852, 8vo. See a notice in N. Amer. Rev., Ixxvi. 255- 
 256. Dr. Harris's Report was drawn up by him in an 
 official capacity; and we cannot confer a greater honour 
 upon his memory than by quoting the following high 
 testimony to his scientific erudition : 
 
 "The late Dr. Thaddeus William Harris was one of the commis 
 sioners appointed for the Zoological and Botanical Survey of Mas 
 sachusetts while I was Governor of the state, in 1837. The ento 
 mological department was entrusted to him; and in this country 
 he had, at the time, no superior, if he had an equal, which I doubt." 
 HON. EDWARD EVERETT : in a Letter to the Author of this Diction 
 ary, May 27, 1856. 
 
 Harris, Thorn. The Excellency of the Handy Work 
 of the Royal Hand, Lon., 1665, 4to. 
 
 Harris, Thomas. The Arininian Priests Last Pe 
 tition, 1642, 4to. In verse. 
 
 Harris, Thomas. Crude Mercury, Lon., 1732, '34, 
 '35, 8vo. 
 
 Harris, Thomas. Serms., 1733, '49, '55. 
 
 Harris, Thomas, M.D., Surgeon U. S. Navy. Life 
 of Com. Wm. Bainbridge, Phila., 1837, 8vo. 
 
 Harris, Thomas, of Baltimore. 1. Modern Entries. 
 New ed., by H. D. Evans, Bait., 1831-32, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. In 
 conjunction with J. McHenry, Maryland Reports, 1700-99, 
 N. York and Annap., 1809-18, 4 vols. 8vo. 3. In con 
 junction with R. Johnson, Maryland Reports, 1800-26, 
 Annap., 1821-27, 7 vols. 8vo. 4. In conjunction with R. 
 W. Gill, Maryland Reports, 1826-29, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Harris, Thomas L. 1. An Epic of the Starry Hea- 
 yens, N. York, 1854, 12mo. 2. Lyric of the Morning Land 
 1854, 12mo. 3. A Lyric of the Golden Age, 1856 12mo ' 
 
 Harris, Tucker, M.D., 1747-1821, a native of 
 Charleston, pub. some essays in the Medical Journal of 
 Philadelphia. See Thacher's Medical Biography. 
 
 Harris, W., LL.D. Elements of the Chaldee Lan 
 guage, Lon., 1822, 8vo. Intended as a supplement to the 
 792 
 
 Hebrew Grammar, and a general introduction to the Ara- 
 mean dialects. 
 
 Harris, Sir W. S. 1. Effects of Lightning on Float 
 ing Bodies, Lon., 4to. 2. Nature of Thunder Storms, 
 1843, 8vo. 3. Rudiments of Electricity, 1849, '51, 12mo. 
 4. Rudimentary Magnetism, 1850, 12mo. Part 3, 1852, 
 12mo. 5. Rudimentary Treatise on Galvanism. 1855, 12mo. 
 
 Harris, or Harries, Walter, M.D., b. at Glouces 
 ter, England, about 1647, Physician to William III., pub. 
 a number of professional works, 1676-1727, among which 
 is Dissertationes Medicse et Chirurgicae, Ac., Lon., 1725, 
 8vo. See Athen. Oxon., and the work just named. 
 
 Harris, Walter. 1. Hist, of William Henry, Prince 
 of Nassau and Orange, King of England, <fcc., Dubl., 1749, 
 fol. 2. Fiction Unmasked, relative to the Irish Rebellion 
 and Massacre, 1752, 8vo. 3. Hibernica; or, some Ancient 
 Pieces relating to Ireland, 1757, fol.; 1770, 8vo. A work 
 of great value. 4. Hist, and Antiq. of Dublin, 1766, 8vo. 
 Harris edited Sir James W*are's Works on Ireland, viz. : 
 The Whole Works of Sir James Ware concerning Ireland, 
 revised and improved, 1739-45, 2 vols. fol. The Whole 
 Works of Sir James Ware concerning Ireland, trans, into 
 English, revised and improved, 1764, 2 vols. fol. See 
 Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 250, 252, 258 ; Lowndes's 
 Bibl. Man, art. Ware, Sir James. 
 
 Harris, Wm., D.D., 1675 ?-1740, a Dissenting divine, 
 pastor of a congregation in Crutched-Friars, London, for 
 thirty years one of the preachers of a Friday Evening 
 Lecture, and one of the continuators of Matthew Henry's 
 Commentary on the Bible. He pub. a number of occa 
 sional serms., Ac., 1704-37 ; The Life of Dr. Thos. Man- 
 ton, 1725, 8vo, and in Manton's Works; Two Serms. 
 against Woolaston, 1728, 8vo. ; and the following series of 
 Discourses, by which he is best known : 1. Practical Dis 
 courses on the Principal Representations of the Messiah, 
 1724, 8vo. 2. Funeral Discourses, 1736, 8vo. Dr. Harris 
 
 " Was reckoned the greatest master of the English tongue 
 among the Dissenters. His style is plain and easy, his thoughts 
 substantial." DR. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 " Ranks among those who have embellished our language." 
 BOGUE AND BENNETT. 
 
 Harris, Wm., D.D., 1720-1770, a Dissenting divine, 
 a native of Salisbury, pub. a number of valuable biogra 
 phies, viz. : of Hugh Peters, 1751, 8vo; of James I., 1753, 
 8vo ; of Charles I., 1758, 8vo ; of Oliver Cromwell, 1762, 
 8vo ; of Charles II., 1766, 2 vols. 8vo. New ed. of all, 
 with a Life of the Author, 1814, 5 vols. 8vo. The " Regal 
 Biographies" are after the manner of Bayle : i. e., illus 
 trated with copious notes. The historical reader should 
 not fail to procure these invaluable vols. In his opinions 
 Harris favoured republican sentiments : 
 
 "His reasonings are strongly tinged with his early prejudices; 
 but his facts are, in general, narrated with fidelity, and the evi 
 dence on both sides is given without mutilation." 
 
 "Crabbed as may be the composition and combatable the opi 
 nions of the author, yet these volumes must have a place in a 
 well-stored library. Harris is perhaps, with two exceptions, the 
 most note-able writer in the English language. All his works are 
 professed to be ' taken from Original Writings and State Papers.' " 
 Dibdin's Lib. Camp. 
 
 Harris's faithfulness as an historian is endorsed by one 
 of the most eminent of modern historical students, Prof. 
 Smyth. 
 
 Notice of the Life of Charles the First : 
 
 " A general summary of the particulars of this reign, not very 
 favourable to the king, will be found in Harris's Lite of Charles 
 the First. Harris fortifies the positions in his text, like Bayle, by 
 copious notes, which will, at least, bring the subject, and all the 
 learning that belongs to it, in full review before the reader." 
 
 Notice of the Life of Oliver Cromwell : 
 
 " There is a Life of Cromwell, by Harris, in the manner of his 
 other historical treatises, and equally valuable." 
 
 Notice of the Life of Charles the Second : 
 
 "After the perusal of Mr. Hume, we may turn to the Life of 
 Charles the Second, by Harris. The notes are full of information, 
 and of particulars which the reader may not have an opportunity 
 of selecting from their original sources, or, indeed, of readily find 
 ing in any other manner." 
 
 The above notices are taken from the Lects. on Mod. 
 Hist. 
 
 Harris contributed a paper on Roman antiquities in G. 
 Brit, to the Archseol., 1770. 
 
 Harris, William, Librarian of the Royal Institution 
 of Great Britain. A Catalogue of the Library of the Royal 
 Institution, Methodically Arranged, with an Alphabetical 
 List of Authors, Lon., 1809, 8vo ; 1821, r. 8vo. No library, 
 no bibliographer, should be without this excellent cata 
 logue. It has already come under our notice. See BUR- 
 NEY, CHARLES, JR., D.D. 
 
 " If a lucid order, minute and correct description of the volumes 
 of an admirablv-chosen library, accompanied with a copious and 
 faithful alphabetical index, be recommendations with the biblio- 
 

 HAR 
 
 grapher, the present volume will not be found wanting upon his 
 shelf. It is the most useful book of its kind ever published m 
 this country. Let the bibliomaniac hasten to seize one of the five 
 remaining copies only (out of the fifty which were printed) upon 
 LARGE PAPER." Dibdiris Bibliomania, ed. 1842, 99. And see 
 Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825. 
 
 Harris, William A., M.D., U. S. Navy. A Practi 
 cal Manual on Diseases of the Heart and Great Vessels; 
 trans, from the French, Phila. 
 
 "This is an excellent epitome of a large and important class of 
 diseases, especially as to diagnosis." Med.-Chir. Rev. 
 
 Harris, Sir William Cornwallis, Major H. E. I. 
 B. C. Engineers. 1. Wild Sports in Southern Africa in 1836- 
 37, 1839, Svo; 4th ed., 1844, imp. 8vo; 5th ed., 1849, imp. 
 8vo. 
 
 " We must here take our leave of Captain Harris's most amusing 
 narrative. The whole of it will be read with great pleasure and 
 profit. . . . The Zoologist will find in this book many valuable 
 accounts of the habits of animals of the greatest rarity; and the 
 sportsman will read of scenes of the most stirring description, and 
 of shots which leave nothing more to be wished from 'eye, hand, 
 lead, and gunpowder.' "ion. Quar. Rev., Ixiv. 188-232. 
 
 2. Game and Wild Animals of Africa, 1839, 8vo, 10 
 10. ; large paper, 21; 2d ed., 1844, imp. Svo; 3d ed., 
 1849, imp. Svo. 3. Highlands of Ethiopia, 2d ed., 1844, 
 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 " The intelligent and animated volumes of which we have now 
 given a bird's-eye view we regard as rivalling in interest and im 
 portance any book of travels of this century." Blackwootfs Mag. 
 
 "A work of extraordinary interest and value; a narrative which 
 will take a permanent place in the library as the best authority 
 ever yet given to the world on all the subjects to which it relates." 
 Foreign and Colonial Rev. 
 
 4. Illustrations of Ethiopia, 1845, r. 4to. 
 Harris, Sir William Snow. See HARRIS, SIR W. S 
 Harrison, Dr. Threni Hibernici, Ac., Lon., 1659, 4to 
 Harrison, Amos. Serms., Ac., Lon. ,1724-43, all Svo. 
 Harrison, Benjamin, Archdeacon of Maidstone, 
 and Canon of Canterbury. 1. Interpret, of the Rubrics, 
 Lon., 1845, Svo. 2. Warburtonian Lects. (12) on the Pro 
 phecies, 1849, Svo. 3. Serms. on the English Church, 
 1850, Svo. 
 
 Harrison, D. J., Curate of St. Peter's, Walworth 
 Serin, on the Death of the Duke of Wellington, Lon. 
 1852, 12mo. 
 
 Harrison, Anthony. Poet, works, 1794, 1806. 
 Harrison, Capt. David. Distressful Voyage, Ac 
 of C. II., of the Sloop Peggy, Lon., 1766, Svo. 
 
 Harrison, Edward. Longitude, Lon., 1696, Svo. 
 Harrison, Edward, M.D. Profess, treatises, Lon. 
 1782, 1810. 
 
 Harrison, George. Addresses on the Slave Trade 
 Education, Ac., 1792-1810. 
 
 Harrison, George. Act rel. to Land Tax, 3d ed. 
 1802. 
 
 Harrison, Sir George. Fragments and Scraps o 
 
 History, Ac., Lon., 1834, 2 vols. r. 4to. Privately printed 
 
 Sir George was a diligent collector of historical materials 
 
 Harrison, Sir George. An Expos, on the Laws 
 
 Ac. of the Stannaries in Cornwall, Lon., 1835, Svo. 
 
 Harrison, Gessner, M.D., Prof, of Ancient Lan 
 guages in the Univ. of Virginia. 1. Exposition of Some o 
 the Laws of the Latin Grammar, N. York, 1852, 12mo. Com 
 mended. 2. On the Greek Prepositions, Phila., 1858, 8vo 
 Harrison, Gustavus. Agriculture Delineated; or 
 The Farmer's Complete Guide, Lon., 1775, Svo. 
 
 Harrison, Rev. J. The Etymological Enchiridion 
 Preston, 1823, 12mo. 
 
 Harrison, J. B. Louisiana, Ac. Reports, N. Orlean 
 1839-40, 4 vols. Svo. See Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 372. 
 
 Harrison, James, a bookseller, who was employe 
 by Lady Hamilton in compiling the Genuine Memoirs o 
 Lord Viscount Nelson, 1806, 2 vols. 8vo. He is also sup 
 posed to be the editor of the Correspondence betwee 
 Lord Nelson and Lady Hamilton, 1813, 2 vols. Svo. Se 
 a review of this work by Lord Brougham, in the Edh 
 Rev., xxiii. 398-410, and in his collected Contrib. to Edin 
 Rev., iii. 267-279. 
 
 Harrison, James. Biography of Eminent Person 
 Lon., 2 vols. r. Svo. 
 
 Harrison, John. Yet a Course at the Romish Fox 
 Zurich, 1543, 16mo. Attributed to Bp. John Bale. 
 
 Harrison, John. The Messiah already Come, Arnst 
 1619, 4to. Other works, 1619, '33, both 4to. 
 
 Harrison, John, of Cambridge, Mass. On a Sma 
 Species of Wasp; Phil. Trans., 1751. 
 
 Harrison, John, 1693-1776, an eminent mechani 
 received from the English Government nearly 24,000 f< 
 his time-keepers, by which great accuracy was obtained i 
 the calculations of longitude. The Principles of Mr. Ha 
 rison's Time-Keeper was pub., Lon., 1767, 4to. For a li 
 
 HAR 
 
 f other publications on this subject, see Lowndes's Bibl. 
 :an.; Button's Diet. ; Annual Register for 1777. As an 
 uthor, Harrison's style was so uncouth as to be almost 
 nintelligible. 
 
 Harrison, John, Surgeon. Med. treatises, Lon., 
 785-92. 
 
 Harrison, John, M.D. Dissertatio de Pertuzi, Got- 
 ngae, 1793, 4to. 
 
 Harrison, Joseph. 1. Prac. in Ct. of Chan., Lon., 
 741, 2 vols. 8vo; 8th ed., by W. Parke, 1796, 2 vols. 8vo; 
 th ed , by J. Newland, 1808, 2 vols. Svo. Reprint, Phila., 
 807, Svo. 2. Prac. of Ct. of K. B. and C. P., 1761, 2 vola 
 
 Harrison, Joseph. Floricultural Cabinet, 1832-52, 
 1 vols. Svo. Mr. H. also publishes the Gardener's Record, 
 be Garden Almanack, Ac. 
 
 Harrison, Josiah. 1. Laws of N. Jersey, 1820-33, 
 Jamden, 1833, Svo. 2. N. Jersey Supreme Ct, Reports, 
 837-42, 4 vols. Svo, 1839-43. 
 
 Harrison, Matthew, Rector of Church-Oakley, Ba- 
 .ingstoke. Hants, and late Fellow of Queen's Coll., Oxford. 
 The Risej Progress, and Present Structure of the English 
 .language, Lon., 1848, p. Svo; 2d ed., Phila., 1856. 
 
 " This, both for philosophical astuteness and a critical insight 
 nto and exposition of our living tongue, is one of the most in- 
 tructive and interesting volumes with which we have met in the 
 ong course of our grammatical and lingual labours." Lon. Lite- 
 
 'CLTV GuZ. 
 
 " Mr. Harrison's volume contains many instructive observations 
 m the structure of the language, and a very copious and useful 
 :ollection of illustrations on most points connected with English 
 jyntax and composition ; but as regards the history of the lan 
 guage, and its relation to the other members of the Teutonic 
 kmily, his work is far inferior to that of Dr. Latham, [The English 
 Language.] The latter is in fact only too full and profound for 
 young students." Edin. Rev., xcii. 338. See LATHAM, R. G. 
 Harrison, Michael. Serms., Ac., Lon., 1 691 , all Svo. 
 Harrison, Nicholas Bacon, Lieut, of the Marines. 
 The Travellers; a Comedy, Lon., 1788, '89, Svo. 
 Harrison, R. Catholic Protestant, York, 1780, Svo. 
 Harrison, R. Serms., 1813, Svo. 
 Harrison, R. Tarrant. 1. Digested Index to all 
 the Decisions in Cts. of Law and Equity, Lon., 1837-56. 
 Continued annually. See HARRISON, S. B. 
 
 Harrison, Ralph, a Unitarian minister. Serms., 
 with his Life, Ac. by J. Holland, Manchester, 1813, Svo. 
 
 "The productions of no ordinary mind. . . . The style is perspi 
 cuous and neat, and sometimes elegant." Lon. Month. Repository. 
 Harrison, Richard. Catechisms, 1583, Svo. 
 Harrison, Richard. Serms., Lon., 1767-81. 
 Harrison, Robert. Serms., 1672, Ac. 
 Harrison, Robert. Tempest at Oxford, Oxon., 
 1682, 4to. 
 
 Harrison, S. B. 1. Evidence, Lon., 1825, 12mo. 
 2. Analytical Digest of Cases in H. of Lords, Ac., 1756- 
 1843 ; 3d ed., by R. Tarrant Harrison, 1844, 4 vols. r. Svo. 
 Continued to 1852, 3 vols. r. Svo. See Warren's Law Stu 
 dies, 2d ed., 780 ; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 372. 3. Woodfall's 
 Treat, on Landlord and Tenant, 6th ed., by F. L. Wollas- 
 ton, 1849, r. Svo; 7th ed., by Henry Horn, 1856, r. Svo. 
 4. In conjunction with F. L. Wollaston, Reports in K. B., 
 Ac., 1836-37, 2 vols. Svo. 5. In conjunction with F. Ed 
 wards, Nisi Prius, Ac., 1S38, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Harrison, Stephen. The Seven Arches of Triumph 
 erected in Honour of K. James I., Ac., Lon., 1604, fol. 
 Very rare. Woodhouse, 27 6*. Dent, with a duplicate 
 series of the plates with variations, 31 10s. An analysis of 
 this work will be found in Nichols's Progresses of James I. 
 Harrison, Susannah. Songs in the Night, 1788; 
 6th ed., 1800, 12mo. 
 
 Harrison, Thomas, D.D., Chaplain to the Governor 
 of Virginia, subsequently, in 1650, minister of .St. Dun- 
 stan's-in-the-East, London, and afterwards a preacher in 
 Dublin. Topica Sacra ; or, Some Hints and Helps to Faith, 
 Meditation, Prayer, Ac., Lon., 1658, Svo. With addits. 
 by John Hunter, 1770, 12mo. 
 
 "Many striking thoughts: very evangelical." Biclcersteth's C. S. 
 Harrison, Thomas. Serms., Ac., 1700-65, all Svo. 
 Harrison, Thomas. Botany; Nic. Jour., 1805. 
 Harrison, Walter. A new and Universal Hist., 
 Descrip., and Survey of London, Lon., 1775-76, fol. Pub. 
 in numbers. Wanting in accuracy. 
 
 Harrison, William, d. 1592? Rector of Radwinter, 
 Essex, and Canon of Windsor, wrote a Historical Descrip. 
 of the Island of Britain, prefixed to Holinshed's Chronicles, 
 and a Chronology. The Descrip. of England is a valuable 
 record of the state of the country and the manners and cus 
 toms of the people in the 16th century. To Harrison, also, 
 is ascribed The Descrip. of Scotland, mostly trans, from 
 Hector Boece, prefixed to Holinshed's Hist, of Scotland. 
 
 793 
 
HAR 
 
 Harrison, William. Certain Serms. upon the Parable 
 of the Sower, Lon., 1614, 8vo. 
 
 Harrison, William. The Pilgrim, or the Happy 
 Convert; a Pastoral Tragedy, 1709. 
 
 Harrison, William, d. 1712, Fellow of New College, 
 Oxford, a great favourite with Swift, and secretary to Lord 
 Raby, ambassador to the Hague, was the editor of the 5th 
 vol. of the Tatler, and the author of some poetical pieces 
 pub. in Dodsley's Collection, Nichols's Collection, and 
 Buncombe's Horace. 
 
 " A little pretty fellow, with a great deal of wit, good sense, and 
 good nature." DEAN SWIFT : see his Works; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Harrison, William. Speech in H. of C., Lon., 1814. 
 
 Harrison, William, Rector of Great-Birch, Essex. 
 
 1. Consecrated Thoughts, Lon., 1842, fp. 8vo; 1846, 12mo. 
 
 2. Serms. on the Commandments, 2d ed., 1846, fp. 8vo. 
 
 3. The Tongue of Time, 1848, 12mo. 
 
 " This is a spiritual little treatise, intended to improve practically 
 and devotionally tb& twelve hours of the day to the edification of 
 the soul." Churchman's Monthly Rev. 
 
 4. The Shepherd and his Sheep, 2d ed., 1849, 12mo. 
 Harrison, General William Henry, 1773-1841, 
 President of the United States at the time of his decease, 
 having been in office but one month, was a native of 
 Charles City county, Virginia, and the third son of Ben 
 jamin Harrison, Governor of Virginia, and one of the 
 signers of the American Declaration of Independence. A 
 Discourse on the Aborigines of the Valley of the Ohio, 
 Cin., 1838, 8vo, pp. 51. 
 
 "This pamphlet discusses several important topics in the his 
 tory of the native tribes of our continent with spirit and ability." 
 EDWARD EVERETT : N. Amer. Rev., li. 46-48, q. v. 
 
 For notices of biographical sketches of Harrison by 
 Moses Dawson, James Hall, and others, see Rich's Bibl. 
 Amer. Nova, ii. 162, 271, 339, 350. See also Niles's Reg., 
 xiv. 185 ; Christ. Exam., xxx. 359. 
 
 Harritson, W. 1. The Fortunate Ploughman. 2. The 
 Intendant Emigrants; a Scots Rural Comedy, Glasg., 
 1817, 12mo. 
 
 Harrod, Wm., d. 1819, an alderman of Stamford. 
 1- The Patriot; a Trag., Lon., 1769, 8vo. 
 "Possesses little or no merit." Watt's Bill. Brit. 
 2. Hist, and Antiq. of Stamford and St. Martin's, Stamf., 
 1781, '85, 2 vols. 12mo. 3. Hist, of Mansfield and its 
 Environs, 1801, sm. 4to. 4. Hist, of Market-Harborougb, 
 Ac., 1808, 8vo. Mr. H. projected, in 1788, a repub. and 
 continuation of Wright's Hist, and Antiq. of Rutland; but 
 the plan was not encouraged, and only two numbers ap 
 peared. He also pub. a facetious political tract entitled 
 Coke and Birch. See Miller's Fly-Leaves, 1st Ser., 130, 
 Lon., 1854; 
 
 Harrop, Edward Atkins. Poems, Lon.,1796,12mo. 
 Harrowby, Earl of. See RYDER, DUDLEY. 
 Harrup, Robert. Chem., <fcc. con. to Nic. Jour., 
 1801-13. 
 
 Harry, Blind. See HENRY THE MINSTREL. 
 Harry, George Owen. Genealogy of James, King 
 of Great Brittayne, &c., with his lineal Descent from Noah, 
 Ac., Lon., 1604, 4to. 
 
 Harrys, Wm. The Market or Fayre of Vserers ; a 
 new Pasquillus or Dialogue against Vsurye, Ac., trans, 
 from the High Almaigne, Lon., 1550, 8vo. 
 
 Harryson, James. Exhortacion to the Scottes, 
 1547. This is in favour of union with England. 
 
 Harsha, David A., b. 1827, in South Argyle, New 
 York. 1. Thoughts on the Love of Christ, as manifested 
 to a Lost World, 1851. 
 
 " It has a very strongly-marked experimental character, and is 
 fitted to be at once a guide to the ignorant and inquiring, and a 
 welcome auxiliary to the spirit that is struggling amidst the sor 
 rows and conflicts of the. Christian life." WM. B. SPRAGUE, D.D. 
 
 2. Christ and Him Crucified the Sum and Substance of 
 the Gospel, Ac,, Albany, 1852. 3. Immanuel's Land, 
 1852, 32nio. 4. Principles of Hydropathy, 1852. 5. Wan 
 derings of a Pilgrim, Ac., 1854. 6. The Most Eminent 
 Orators and Statesmen of Anc. and Mod. Times, N.Y., 1855, 
 8vo. 
 
 " An interesting volume. The selections are characteristic and 
 happy, and the critical and explanatory suggestions and com 
 mentary useful and just." RUFUS CHOATE. 
 
 7. The Heavenly Token, 12mo. 8. Life of Charles Sum- 
 ner, 12mo. Ed. Classical Library of Sacred Authors, to be 
 completed in 24 vols., N. York, 12mo. 
 
 Harsnet, Adam. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1630, 4to. 
 
 Harsnet, Samuel, 1561-1631, a native of Colchester, 
 
 educated at King's Coll. and Pembroke Hall, Cambridge; 
 
 Bishop of Chiehester, 1609; trans, to Norwich, 1619; 
 
 Archbishop of York, 1629. 1. Serm., 1584, Lon., 1656, 
 
 12mo. 2. A Discouery of the fraudulent Practices of John 
 
 794 
 
 HAR 
 
 Barrel, Lon., 1599, 4to. 3. Declaration of Egregious 
 Popish Impostures, Ac. under the pretence of casting out 
 Devils, 1603, 4to. From this work Shakspeare is sup 
 posed to have borrowed the fantastical names of spirits in 
 his tragedy of Lear. 
 
 "By the use of this book in Lear. Shakspeare meant to ridicule 
 Popery, from which he had been in danger.' 1 MS. Note in Mr. 
 Bright' 's copy. 
 
 This is now a rare book. See Biog. Brit.; Le Neve's 
 Lives of the Archbishops ; Fuller's Ch. Hist., book xi. ; 
 Strype's Whitgift; Lysons's Environs. 
 
 Harston, Hall. The Countess of Salisbury ; a Trag., 
 Lon., 1767, 8vo. 
 
 " This Play, which is taken from a Romance, possesses con 
 siderable merit." Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Watt ascribes to Hall Hartston, Youth, a Poem, Lon., 
 1773, 4to; and we find him correct, according to the Lon. 
 Month. Rev. : see xxxvii. 392, xlviii. 259. But we con 
 clude that both of above were written by Hall Harston. 
 
 Hart, Colonel, American Consul at Santa Cruz, d. 
 1855, author of Marian Coffin, and other works. 
 
 Hart, Alexander. The Tragical Hist, of Alexto 
 and Angelica, Lon., 1640, 12mo. In prose and verse. 
 
 Hart, Andrew, an early printer of Scotland. A 
 trewe Descrip. of the Nobill Race of the Stewards, Arnst., 
 1601, fol. 
 
 Hart, Cheney, M.D. Electricity; Phil. Trans., 
 1754, '55. 
 
 Hart, Edward H. The Bullwark Stormed; in 
 Answer to Thomas de Laune's Plea for the Nonconformists, 
 Lon., 1717, 8vo. See DELAUNE, THOMAS. 
 
 Hart, or Harte, Henry. 1. A Godly newe short 
 Treatyse, Ac., Lon., 1548, 16mo. 2. A Godlie Exhorta 
 tion, 1549, 8vo. 
 
 Hart, J. Burning Bush not Consumed,Lon.4616,Svo. 
 
 Hart, James, M.D. Profess, treatises, 1623, '25, '33. 
 
 Hart, John. 1. On Orthographic, Lon., 1659, 8vo. 
 2. Theolog. conference between J. H. and John Rainoldes, 
 1584, 8vo. See RAINOLDS, JOHN, D.D. 
 
 Hart, John. Starch Factories, Ac., Lon., 1795, 8vo. 
 
 Hart, John S., LL.D., b. January 28, 1810, at Stock- 
 bridge, Mass., was removed to Pennsylvania when only 
 two years of age, educated at Princeton College, where he 
 became Professor of Ancient Languages; in 1842 elected 
 Principal of the Philadelphia High School, which posi 
 tion he resigned in 1858. 1. Essay on Spenser and 
 the Fairy Queen, New York, 1847, 8vo, pp. 512. New ed., 
 Phila., 1856. Highly commended. 2. Female Prose- 
 Writers of America, 1851, 8vo, pp. 620. New ed., revised 
 and enlarged, 1855. 
 
 " It has enlarged our knowledge a,nd enhanced our favourable 
 estimate of the female prose-writers of our country. It at the same 
 time indicates the tale, story, or novel, as the form of composition 
 towards which, with few exceptions, they tend, and in which they 
 excel alike in the power of easy and fluent narration, and in the 
 didactic aim, which is seldom obtrusive or awkwardly managed." 
 N. Amer. Rev., Ixxx. 261-262. 
 
 " Our numerous female Prose-Writers have found an intelligent 
 and genial historian and critic in Professor Hart." Henry T. 
 Tuckerman's Sketch of Amer. Lit. 
 
 3. Class-Book of Poetry, 1844, 12mo. 4. Class-Book of 
 Prose, 1844, 12rno. These works consist of Extracts pre 
 ceded by introductory notices. 5. Exposition of the Con 
 stitution of the United States; for the use of Schools, 1845, 
 12mo, pp. 100. 6. English Grammar, 1845, 12mo, pp. 192. 
 7. Greek and Roman Mythology, 1853, 12mo, pp. 162. 
 This is a Latin Reading-Book. Editor of Pennsylvania 
 Common School Journal for 1844; Sartain's Magazine for 
 1849, '50, and the first six months of 1851 ; the Iris, a 
 very splendid annual for 1850, '51, and '52 ; White's Uni 
 versal History ; and many other works, to which his name 
 has not been given. Professor Hart has contributed many 
 articles to the Princeton Review, Graham's Magazine, and 
 other periodicals. His Annual Reports of the Philadelphia 
 High School for the last fifteen years would fill several 
 volumes. 
 
 Hart, Joseph, minister of the Grey Friars' Church, 
 Edinburgh. 1. Trans, of Herodian's Hist, of his Own 
 Times, 1749, 8vo. Privately printed. In the preface to 
 his hymns, Hart expresses much regret for this publica 
 tion. 2. Hymns, Ac., with the Author's Experience, 1759, 
 12mo. There have been modern eds. of Hart's hymns. 
 See Dr. Johnson's Diary, April 22, 1764, in Boswell's Life 
 of Johnson. 
 
 Hart, Capt. !L. W Character and Costume of 
 Affghaunistan, Lon., 1843, imp. fol. With 26 plates on 
 stone, by Haghe. Pub. at 4 4*. 
 
 Hart, Levi, D.D., minister of Preston, Conn., d. 1808, 
 aged 69. Serins., 1774, '86, '89, 1803. 
 
HAR 
 
 These very useful lectures were originally preached to a con 
 gregation of Negroes; they are eminently characterized by sim 
 plicity of language, yet without debasing the importance of the 
 subjects discussed by improper familiarity of expression." Home's 
 Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Hartford, Frances, Countess of, afterwards 
 Duchess of Somerset. Her Corresp. with Henrietta Louisa, 
 Countess of Pomfret, 1738-41, Lon., 1805, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Hartgill, or Hartgyll, George. 1. Generall Calen 
 dars; or, Astron. Tables, Lon., 1594, fol. 2. Astron. Ta 
 bles, 4to. 
 
 Hartland. Intestate's Personal Estate, 1798. 
 Hartley, David, M.D., 1705-1757, a native of Arm- 
 ley, Yorkshire, was educated at Jesus College, Cambridge, 
 of which he became Fellow. He settled as a physician 
 first at Newark, afterwards at Bury-St.-Edmund's, subse 
 quently at London, and finally at Bath. He pub. some 
 tracts upon Mrs. Stephens's famous medicine for the stone, 
 of which he was a victim, and some other professional ' 
 treatises, but is best known by his Observations on Man, 
 his Frame, his Duty, and his Expectations, Lon., 1749, 2 
 vols. 8vo. Repub. by his son, 1791, 4to, with Notes and 
 Additions, from the German of H. A. Pistorius, Rector of 
 Poseritz, in the Island of Rugen, and a sketch of the Life 
 and Character of Dr. Hartley. Again, with additions, by 
 Dr. Joseph Priestley, 1801, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " This is the most valuable edition of this excellent work." 
 DR. PRIESTLKY. 
 
 In 1775, 8vo, appeared Hartley's Theory of the Human 
 Mind, on the Principle of the Association of Ideas; with 
 Essays relating to the Subjects of it, by Joseph Priestley, 
 LL.D. Again, 1790, 8vo. Hartley's philosophical theory 
 "Regards the brain, the nerves, and the spinal marrow, as the 
 direct instruments of sensation. External objects, he conceives, 
 excite vibrations in these medullary cords, which vibrations, once 
 communicated, are kept up by a certain elastic fluid called ether. 
 After a sufficient repetition of these vibrations, the sensations leave 
 behind them types and images of themselves. Frequent repetition 
 excites association, and association in its turn imparts to any one 
 idea the power of exciting all the related ideas, a power which 
 belongs likewise to the vibratiundes and their miniature images. 
 Upon this principle and theory of association, he attempts to ac 
 count for all the phenomena of the mental constitution of man." 
 The hypothesis of vibrations, it is well known, has been 
 completely overthrown by Haller's demonstration that 
 there can be no such thing as vibrations in the nervous 
 system. Priestley endeavours to prove that Hartley was 
 a materialist like himself: but Hartley "dreaded nothing 
 so much" as this imputation, though certainly he is to be 
 read with caution, and cannot be proposed as a sound guide 
 in theology. As regards his obligations as a philosopher 
 to Newton, Locke, Gay, and even to Aristotle, and how far 
 he concurs with Hobbes, can be ascertained by an exami 
 nation of the authorities referred to below. As an expo 
 sitor of the " Law of Association" we use the term Law 
 not without scruple Hartley is certainly entitled to some 
 credit, and he has been fully paid. We quote some opi 
 nions respecting his philosophical speculations as displayed 
 in the Observations on Man : 
 
 " Something was done in this field of knowledge by Descartes, 
 
 , very much by Mr. Locke, but most of all by Dr. Hartley, who has 
 
 "The life of this extraordinary man [Gustavus Adolphus] has | thrown more useful light upon the theory of the mind, than New- 
 
 HAR 
 
 Hart, Levi, and V. R. Osborn. The Works of P. 
 Virfilius M;iro, <fcc., with an Interlinear Translation, <fcc., 
 Ball, 1833, 12mo. New ed., Phila., 1855, 12mo. See 
 HAMILTON, JAMES. 
 
 Hart, Oliver, 1723-1795, a minister of Charleston, 
 S.C., a native of Pennsylvania, pub. several serms. and 
 tracts, 1789, Ac. 
 
 Harr, Richard. The Importance of the Word of 
 God ; the substance of two Serms., Brist, 1767, 8vo. 
 
 Hart, Richard. Serm., 1804. 
 
 Hart, Richard, Vicar of Catton, in the Diocese of 
 Norwich. 1. Medulla Conciliorum, Ac., 446-1548, Norw., 
 1833, 8vo. 2. Materialism Refuted. 3. Eccles. Records 
 of Eng., Ireland, and Scot., from the 5th Cent, to the 
 Reform., 2d ed., Camb., 1846, 8vo. 
 
 "This work is a digest of the contents of Wilkins and Spel- 
 man's Concilia, arranged under various heads, and illustrated 
 with notes exhibiting considerable research." English Review. 
 
 Hart, Sir William, Lord Chief-Justice of Scotland. 
 Examination, &c. of G. Sprot, Lon., 1608, 4to. This tract, 
 relating to the Gowry Conspiracy, is reprinted in vol ix. 
 of the Harleian Miscellany. 
 
 Hart, William, minister of Saybrook, Conn., pub. 
 several theolog. treatises, 1759-72. 
 
 Hart, William. Alexis the Tyrant; a Tale, 1812, 
 12mo. 
 
 Hart, William Neville. The Goodness of God; a 
 Poem, and Pious Meditations, Lon., 1808, 8vo. 
 
 Hartcliife, John. Serms., &c., 1684-95. 
 
 Harte, George. Needfulnesse of Peace in Fraunce, 
 Ac., Lon., 1575, 8vo. Trans, from the French. 
 
 Harte, Walter, b. about 1700, d. 1774, was educated 
 at Marlborough School, and at St. Mary's Hall, Oxford, of 
 which he became Vice-Principal ; Canon of Windsor, 1751 ; 
 subsequently Vicar of St. Austel and of St. Blazy, Corn 
 wall. 1. Poems on Several Occasions, Lon., 1727, '39, 8vo. 
 
 2. Essay on Satire, particularly on the Dunciad, 1730, 8vo. 
 
 3. Essay on Reason, 1735, fol. To this essay Pope was a 
 contributor. 4. The Union of Reason, Morality, and Re 
 vealed Religion ; a Serm., 1737, 8vo. This passed through 
 five eds. 5. A Fast Serm., 1740. 6. The Hist, of Gustavus 
 Adolphus, King of Sweden, surnamed the Great, 1759, 2 
 vols. 4to; 1767, 2 vols. 8vo; 1807, 2 vols. r. 8vo. This 
 work was trans, into German, with a Pref., Notes, and 
 Corrections, by John Gottlieb Bohme. 
 
 " Johnson much commended him as a scholar, and a man of the 
 most companionable talents he had ever known. He said the 
 defects in his History proceeded not from imbecility, but from 
 foppery. ... It was unlucky in coming out on the same day as 
 
 Robertson's History of Scotland Mr. Eliot said it was a very 
 
 good book in the German translation." Boswell's Life of Dr. 
 Johnson. 
 
 " A work strongly commended by Lord Chesterfield on the score 
 of matter. The style is literally execrable." Dibdin's Lib. Comp. 
 
 Robertson's Hist, of Scotland was pub. a month before 
 this, but Hume's House of Tudor came out in the same week. 
 
 " George Hawkins, his bookseller, we are told, sometimes objected 
 to his uncouth words or phrases, while the wortt was in the press ; 
 but Harte refused to change them, and used fb add, with a com 
 placent sneer, 'George, that's what we call writing!'" 
 
 been written by Mr. Harte with great activity of research, and a 
 scrupulous examination of his materials, which are understood to 
 be the best, though they are not sufficiently particularized. The 
 book will disappoint the reader; Mr. Harte writes often with sin 
 gularly bad taste, and never with any masterly display of bis sub 
 ject ; but it may be compared with Coxe, and must be considered." 
 Prof. Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist. 
 
 7. Essays on Husbandry, 1764, 8vo; 1770, 8vo. 
 
 " His husbandry is good." DR. JOHNSON : Boswell's Life of 
 Johnson. 
 
 " This is the book of a scholar and a gentleman ; and is attractive 
 from the variety and interest of the subjects treated of, its learn 
 ing, and good taste." McCtdloch's Lit. of IWt. Econ. 
 
 " With very few exceptions, distinguished for perspicuity of 
 style, and far more elegance than that subject is generally sup 
 posed to admit." 
 
 "The essays have always been reckoned good: our own opinion 
 can say nothing of them." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 8. The Amaranth, 1767. The poems in this vol. are 
 illustrated by extracts from the Fathers. 9. Essay on 
 Painting. 
 
 'So much knowledge of the art, and acquaintance with the 
 works of the most eminent painters, argues a taste surprising at 
 his early age." 
 
 See Chesterfield's Letters and Miscellanies; Boswell's 
 Life of Johnson; Bowles's ed. of Pope; Johnson and 
 Chalmers's English Poets, 1810, 21 vols.; Chalmers's 
 Biog. Diet. ; Gent. Mag. 
 
 Harte, William Marshall, Examining Chaplain to 
 Dr. Coleridge, Bishop of Barbadoes, and Rector of St. 
 Lucy. 1. Practical Serms., Lon., 1839, 12mo. 2. Lects. 
 on the Gospel of St Matt., 1831-34, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 ton did upon the theory of the natural world." DR. PRIESTLEY : 
 Remarks on Reid, Beattie, and Oswald, 1774. 
 
 "Johnson, one day, observing a friend of his packing up two 
 volumes of Observations on Man, written by this good and great 
 man, to take into the country, said, ' Sir. you do right to take Dr. 
 Hartley with you ; Priestley said of him, that he had learned more 
 from Hartley than from any book he had ever read, except the 
 Bible.' "Boswell's Life of Johnson. 
 
 " Hartley has investigated the principle of Association more 
 deeply, explained it more accurately, and applied it more usefully, 
 than even his great and venerable predecessor, Mr. Locke." DR. 
 PARR : Serm. on Education, 1774. 
 
 " The writer who has built most upon Hobbes, and may be 
 reckoned, in a certain sense, the commentator, if he who fully 
 explains and developes a system may deserve that name, was 
 Hartley." Hattam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, q. v. 
 
 " That there is great value to be attached to much which Hartley 
 has drawn from the law of association, and that he has afforded 
 an explanation of many phenomena, before very imperfectly un 
 derstood, cannot be denied. The very ardour, however, with 
 which he threw himself into his system, and the very closeness 
 with which he analyzed the facts in the case, necessarily imparted 
 a one-sidedness to his philosophy, and led to the neglect of some 
 other facts equally important," MoreWs Hist, of Mod. Philos. 
 
 "It is the first attempt to join the study of intellectual man to 
 that of physical man." Cousin's Hist, of Mod. Philos., O. W. Wight's 
 Trans. 
 
 Cousin is a high authority, but does he not forget philo 
 sophic caution when he styles Hartley's the "first at 
 tempt" ? We offer no counter-statement, but we think it 
 exceedingly hazardous to pretend to designate " the first 
 ; attempt" in any branch of human speculation. We havo 
 i ventured to hint some doubts respecting the extraordinary 
 
HAR 
 
 HAR 
 
 merit which has been claimed for Hartley's speculations ; 
 and, if we err here, we err with great examples : 
 
 " The capital fault of Hartley is that of a rash generalization, 
 which may prove imperfect, and which is at least premature. All 
 attempts to explain or instruct by this principle have hitherto 
 been unavailing. Many of the most important processes of rea 
 soning have not hitherto been accounted for by it." Sin JAMES 
 MACKINTOSH : 2d Prelim. Dissert, to Encyc. Brit. 
 
 " The intentions of both [Bonnet and Hartley] are allowed, by 
 those who best knew them, to have been eminently pure and 
 worthy ; but it cannot be said of either, that his metaphysical 
 writings have contributed much to the instruction or to the im 
 provement of the public. On the contrary, they have been in 
 strumental in spreading a set of speculative tenets very nearly 
 allied to that sentimental and fantastical modification of Spinoz- 
 ism which for many years past has prevailed so much and pro 
 duced such mischievous effects in some parts of Germany." 
 DUGALD STEWART : 1st Prelim. Dissert, to Encyc. Brit. 
 
 Bishop Watson reprinted in his Collection of Tracts one 
 on the Truth of the Christian Religion, prefaced by the 
 remark : 
 
 " This tract is printed from the second volume of Dr. Hartley's 
 Observations on Man ; it is written with singular closeness of 
 thought, and to be well understood must be read with great at 
 tention." BISHOP WATSON. 
 
 Consult authorities cited above ; and see also Life by his 
 son, prefixed to his Observations on Man, ed. 1791, 4to; 
 Reid's Essays on the Intellectual Powers ; Blakey's Hist, 
 of Mod. Phi'los. ; Dr. E. Williams's Christian Preacher, ed. 
 1843, p. 337; Watson's Hist, of Halifax; Cunningham's 
 Biog. Hist, of England; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Hartley, David, M.P., d. at Bath, in 1813, aged 84, 
 a son of the preceding, was one of the plenipotentiaries 
 appointed to treat with Dr. Franklin, the American am 
 bassador at Paris. Some of his letters will be found in 
 Franklin's Correspondence. Hartley possessed some scien 
 tific knowledge, and was the author of several inven 
 tions. He pub. some political tracts, Letters on the 
 American War, (to which he was opposed,) Ac., 1776-94. 
 
 Hartley, J. Serms. addressed to Congregations on 
 the Continent, Lon., 1840, 12mo. 
 
 " A volume from the elegant pen of that amiable and devoted 
 minister of our Lord." Lon. Congreg. Mag. 
 
 Hartley, James. Two Discourses, Lon., 1775, 8vo. 
 
 Hartley, John. Catalogus universalis Librorum in 
 omni Facultate Linguaque insignium et rarissimorum, 
 Lon., 1701, 8vo. 
 
 Hartley, John. Presbyterian Ordination, Ac.. 
 1714, '16. 
 
 Hartley, Ralph. Philos. Questions, Lon., 1799, 8vo. 
 
 Hartley, Thomas, 1707-1784, Rector of Winwick, 
 Northamptonshire, pub. treatises on Enthusiasm, the 
 Mystic Writers, some serms., Ac., and trans, some of the 
 writings of Swedenborg into English. 
 
 Hartlib, Samuel, the son of a Polish merchant, 
 emigrated to London in the 17th century, and engaged 
 in a mercantile agency. He was a man of great public 
 spirit, much practical wisdom, and greatly esteemed by 
 his contemporaries. Milton addressed to him his Tractate 
 on Education, about 1646; Sir Wm. Petty inscribed to 
 him Two Letters on the same subject, 1647, Ac. ; and 
 there are other such evidences of the high respect in which 
 he was held at home and abroad. He was the author of 
 eome theological and educational treatises, and several 
 works on husbandry were pub. in bis name. Those which 
 we have numbered 1, 2, and 3, in the list which follows, 
 were written by others. 
 
 1. The Discourse of Husbandry used in Brabant and 
 Flanders, Lon., 1645, '50, 4to. 2. Legacy ; an enlarge 
 ment of the above, 1651, '52, '55, 4to. 3. The Reformed 
 Husbandman, 1651, 4to. 4. Essay on the Advancement 
 of Husbandry and Learning, Ac., 1651, 4to. 5. The Com 
 plete Husbandman, 1659, 4to. He pub. two treatises 
 1653 and '54 on the Silk-Worm in Virginia. See 
 Warton's Milton; Censura Literaria; Gent, Mag., Ixxii. 
 12 ; Harte s Essays on Agriculture ; Donaldson's Agricult. 
 Biog. 
 
 Hartman, George. Medical works, 1682, '96, both 
 8vo. See DIGBY, SIR KENELM. 
 
 Martin * Earfch q u ake, Ac. ; Phil. Trans., 
 
 Hartshorn, C. W. N. Eng. Sheriff, 1844, 12mo. 
 Hartshorn, John. Commercial Tables, Bost., 1853, 
 
 Hartshorn, Thomas C. Trans, of J. P. p. De 
 Leuze's Prac. Instruc. in Animal Magnetism : with Notes 
 and addits., N. York, 12mo. 
 
 Hartshorne, Caroline Ellen. For You Know 
 Whom ; or, Our School at Pineville, Bost., 1855 18mo 
 
 Hartshorne, Rev. Charles H. 1. Ancient Me 
 trical Tales, Lon., p. 8vo. 2. The Book Rarities in the 
 796 
 
 Univ. of Cambridge ; illust. by Orig. Letters and Notes, 
 Biog. Lit, and Antiq., 1829, Svo. 
 
 "This interesting bibliographical book contains letters of Far 
 mer. Steevens, &c., Capell's Shaksperiana complete, a list (the only 
 one) of the paintings and drawings bequeathed to the University 
 by Lord Fitzwilliam." 
 
 3. Salopia Antiqua, 1841, 8vo, and large paper. 4. 
 Sepulchral Remains in Northamptonshire, 1841, Svo. 5. 
 Hist. Memorials of Northampton, 1848, 12ino. See Dib- 
 din's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 672, 673, 690. 
 
 Hartshorne, Edward, M.D., b. 1818, in Philadel 
 phia, a son of the distinguished physician of the same 
 name. 1. Medical Jurisprudence, by Alfred S. Taylor, 
 M.D. ; 3d Amer. from the 4th Eng. ed., with Notes and 
 References to Amer. Decisions, Phila., 1854, r. Svo. 4th 
 Amer. from the 5th Eng. ed., 1856, r. Svo. These eds. em 
 brace the notes of Dr. R. E. Griffith to the former Amer. 
 ed., and some new matter. 
 
 " So well is this work known to the members both of the medi 
 cal and legal professions, and so highly is it appreciated by them, 
 that it cannot be necessary for us to say a word in its commenda 
 tion; its having already reached a fourth edition being the best 
 possible testimony in its favour. The author has obviously sub 
 jected the entire work to a very careful revision." Brit, and For. 
 Med.-Chirurg. Rev. 
 
 2. Ophthalmic Medicine and Surgery, by T. Wharton 
 Jones ; 2d Amer. from the 2d Eng. ed., with addits., 1S56, 
 12mo. 3. Contributions to the Amer. Jour, of the Medical 
 Sciences, the Phila. Medical Examiner, and the Phila. 
 Journal of Prison Discipline and Philanthropy. Four 
 numbers (pub. in 1848-49) of the last-named periodical 
 were edited by Dr. H., and several of the articles written 
 by him. His contributions to the medical journals above 
 noticed were written at various periods from 1840 to the 
 present time. 
 
 Hartshorne, Henry, M.D., brother of above, b. 1823, 
 in Phila. 1. Water v. Hydropathy, Thesis on water in 
 its true relations to medicine, Phila., 1847. 2. Contribu 
 tions to Am. Jour. Med. Sci., and to Phila. Med. Exam. 
 3. Prize Essay on the Arterial Circulation ; Transac. of 
 Am. Med. Association, 1856. 
 
 Hartshorne, Joseph, M.D., father of above, b. 1779, 
 in Alexandria, Va. 1. First Am. ed. of Boyer's Lectures 
 On Diseases of the Bones; arranged by Richeraud and 
 translated by Dr. Farrell, London; with an Appendix and 
 additional plates by S. H., Phila., 1895. 2. Contributions 
 to the Eclectic Repertory, and the Medical Recorder, both 
 of Phila. 
 
 Hartston, Hall. Youth; a Poem, Lon., 1773, 4to. 
 See HAUSTON, HALL. 
 
 Hartstonge, Matthew W. Poet, works, 1813-16. 
 
 Hartwell, Abraham. Regina Literata, Ac., Lon., 
 1565, 8vo. He also pub. some translations from history, 
 travels, Ac., 1595-1603, and was the author of some anti 
 quarian papers on Mottos and Epitaphs, in Hearne's Col- 
 lec., 1771, i. 208; ii. 375. 
 
 Hartwig, George, M.D. Sea Bathing and Sea Air, 
 Lon., 1853, fp. Svo. 
 
 " We recommend it to the attention of bathers of all descrip 
 tions." Lon. Med. Times. 
 
 Harty, Wm., M.D. Dysentery, Lon., 1805, Svo; 
 2d ed., 1847, Svo. 
 
 Harty, Wm. Assumpsit, Ac., Dubl., 1842, Svo. 
 
 Harvest, George, d. 1776, Fellow of Magdalen 
 Coll., Camb., and Rector of Drayton, Middlesex. 1. 
 Serm., Lon., 1746, 4to. 2. Serms. at Lady Moyer's Lect. 
 Ac., 1763, 8vo. 
 
 "Among the few valuable performances which do honour to 
 the age and bid fair for the approbation of posterity." Lon. 
 Critical Rev. 
 
 Harvest, Wm. Trans, of Fauchet's Discourse on the 
 Liberty of France, Lon., 1789, Svo. 
 
 Harvey, D. W. Public Amusements, 1805. 
 
 Harvey, Gabriel, LL.D., 1545 P-1630 ? an excellent 
 English and Latin poet, equally well known as the friend 
 of Spenser and as the enemy of Nash, was educated at 
 Christ's College and at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, and 
 in 1585 became Doctor of Laws. The following are his 
 principal English publications: 1. Three proper and 
 wittie Familiar Letters: lately passed betweene two Vni- 
 uersitie Men, Lon., 1580, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet,, 344, 
 30. The University men were himself and Edmund 
 Spenser. 2. Fovre Letters and certaine Sonnets, 1592, 
 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet, 25. Reprinted in the Archaica. 
 This contains many literary notices of his contempora 
 ries, and is therefore of great value to the antiquary. 
 3. Pierces Supererogation ; or, anew Prayse of the Old Asse, 
 ! 1593, 4to. 4. A New Letter of Notable Contents, 1593, 
 4to. The two last, bound in one vol., produced, at the 
 Bindley's sale, 17 17*. The same vol. is now (1856) 
 
HAR 
 
 HAR 
 
 offered by Mr. Joseph Lilly, of London, for 8 18s. 5d., j 
 exactly one-half. Harvey's poem of Hobbinol, prefixed ! 
 to Spenser's Faerie Queene, has been highly praised, j 
 Harvey was fond of using the Latin versification in 
 English poetry, and exerted his influence with his illus 
 trious friend to induce him to follow his example : 
 
 " I like your English Hexameters so well, that I also enure my 
 pen sometimes in that kind." EDMUND SPENSER : in a letter to 
 Harvey. 
 
 Respecting Harvey, his publications and his literary 
 quarrels, see Athen. Oxon. ; Webbe's Discourse of Eng. 
 Poets; Berkenhout's Biog. Lit. ; Beloe's Anec. of Lit., 
 <tc. ; Todd's Life of Spenser; Warton's Hist, of Eng. 
 Poet. ; Drake's Shakspeare and his Times ; Disraeli's 
 Calamities of Authors ; Brit. Bibliographer ; Censura 
 Literaria; Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe; Archaiea; 
 Bibl. Anglo-Poet.; Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet.; 
 Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 ' His [Webbe's] taste is better shown in his praise of Spenser 
 for the Shepherd's Kalendar. than of Gabriel Harvey for his re 
 formation of our English verse; that is, by forcing it into uncouth 
 Latin measures, which Webbe has himself most unhappily at 
 tempted." IMlam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 "The literature and moral character of Harvey were highly 
 respectable; but he was vain, credulous, affected, and pedantic." 
 Drake's Shakspeare and his Times. 
 
 Harvey, George. Ossian's Fingal rendered into 
 English Verse, Lon., 1814, Svo. 
 
 Harvey, George. Mathemat. con. to Thorn. Ann. 
 Philos., 1817. 
 
 Harvey, Gideon, M.D., d. 1700, Physician of the 
 Tower of London for above fifty years, pub. a number of 
 profess, works, 1665-99. He carried on an active war 
 with the College of Physicians. 
 
 "His Medical Treatises have never been in any esteem. Haller 
 styles him ASPER HOMO; and certainly the general character of 
 his Writings is asperity." Watt's Bibl. Brit., q. v. 
 
 Harvey, H., b. 1821, in England. Memoir of the 
 Eev. Alfred Bennett, N. York, 1852, 12mo. 
 
 Harvey, James. Prognostical Signs of Acute Dis 
 eases, Lon., 1706, '20, Svo. 
 
 Harvey, James. Orders, <fec. for Justices of the 
 Peace, Lon., 1733, '34, '51, 12mo. 
 Harvey, Jane. Novels, 1802-14. 
 Harvey, John, a younger brother of Gabriel and 
 Richard Harvey, pub. some astrolog. treatises, Lon., 
 1584-88. 
 
 Harvey, John. 1. Hist, of Robert Bruce, Edin., 
 1729, 4to. 2. Poems and Letters, 1726, 12mo. 
 
 Harvey, Richard, a brother of Gabriel and John 
 Harvey, pub. an astrolog. Discourse, Lon., 1583, Svo, and 
 some other treatises, 1583-93. 
 
 Harvey, Richard, Preb. of St. Paul's, Rural Dean 
 and Rector of Hornsey, Middlesex. Serm., Mark ii. 27, 
 28. The Christian entitled to Legal Protection in the 
 Observance of the Lord's Day. The sermon we never 
 read, but the subject is an excellent one. When Sir John 
 Barnard was chief-magistrate of London he " made the 
 runagates continue in scarceness." 
 
 Harvey, T. Cyphering-Book, 1814, 4to. 
 Harvey, Thomas. Trans, of John Owen's Latine 
 Epigrams, Lon., 1677, 12mo. 
 
 Harvey, Rev. Thomas. Appeal to Lord John 
 Russell, M.P., against the proceedings of the Bp. of Lon 
 don, Lon., 1847, Svo. 
 Harvey, W. C. Poems, 1818. 
 Harvey, William. Serms., 1657-1705. 
 Harvey, William, M.D., 1578-1657, the discoverer 
 of the circulation of the blood, a native of Folkestone, 
 Kent, was educated at Cains College, Cambridge, and sub 
 sequently studied anatomy at Padua under the celebrated 
 Fabricius ab Aquapendente. In 1602 he returned to 
 England; in 1615 was appointed Prof, of Anatomy and 
 Surgery to the Royal College of Physicians; and about 
 1616 to 1619 publicly stated the great discovery which 
 has conferred upon him such celebrity, but the announce 
 ment of which was received with unsparing ridicule and 
 for more than twenty years provoked unrelenting persecu 
 tion. His exposition of his theory was not pub. until 
 1628 : it is entitled Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis 
 et Sanguinis Circulatione, Francf., 4to. His Exercita- 
 tiones de Generatione Animalium was pub. in 1651, Lon., 
 4to. This valuable work would have been much more 
 complete, had it not been for the loss of the author's 
 papers, relating principally to the generation of insects. 
 This loss, which occurred when his house was plundered 
 during the Civil Wars, he feelingly deplores many years 
 after the event. Harvey contributed to Phil. Trans. (1669) 
 an Anatomical Account concerning Thomas Parr, who 
 died at the age of 152 years and 9 months. In 1654, on 
 
 the resignation of Dr. Prujean, Harvey was unanimously 
 nominated as his successor in the Presidency of the Col 
 lege of Physicians; but his advanced age and bodily in 
 firmities induced him to decline the proffered honour. An 
 ed. of his works Opera Omnia, <fcc. was pub. in 1737, 
 Lugd. Bat., 2 vols. 4to; but a better ed., with a Life of the 
 Author, in Latin, by Dr. Lawrence, was issued by the College 
 of Physicians in 1766, Lon., 2 vols. 4to. A new ed. of his 
 works was pub. by the Syd. Soc., 1846-47, pp. 624. The 
 Latin style of Dr. Harvey has been greatly admired for its 
 perspicuity, fluency,and elegance. There were many attempts 
 to deprive this great man of the credit of his discovery; but 
 by modern writers (if we except Dr. Win. Hunter, see his 
 Two Introduc. Lects. to his Anat. Lects., 1784, 4to, and 
 Dr. J. R. Coxe) his claim has been honourably allowed. 
 
 As regards the value of Harvey's discovery as con 
 trasted with the results of previous investigations, the 
 true state of the case is well summed up by an eminent 
 modern authority, who has felt justified in treating thia 
 question at considerable length : 
 
 " It may indeed be 1 thought wonderful that Servetus, Columbus, 
 or Caesalpin should not have more distinctly apprehended the con 
 sequences of what they maintained, since it seems difficult to 
 conceive the lesser circulation without the greater; but the de- 
 fectiveness of their views is not to be alleged as a counter-balance 
 to the more steady sagacity of Harvey." Hallam's Lit. Hist, of 
 Europe, q. v. 
 
 If the student who desires to pursue this subject fur 
 ther inquire as to the best sources of information, we 
 refer him to the authorities cited below, and especially to 
 Harvey's own exposition, for to quote the language of 
 Dr. Freind 
 
 ; As it was entirely owing to him, so he has explained it with 
 all the clearness imaginable; and, though much has been written 
 upon that subject since, I may venture to say, his own book is 
 the shortest, the plainest, and the most convincing of any, as we 
 may be satisfied, if we look into the many apologies written in 
 defence of the circulation." 
 
 To this testimony we may add that of Mr. Hume : 
 " Harvey is entitled to the glory of having made, by reasoning 
 alone, without any mixture of accident, a capital discovery in one 
 of the most important branches of science. He had also the hap 
 piness of establishing at once this theory on the most solid and 
 convincing proofs; and posterity has added little to the argu 
 ments suggested by his industry and ingenuity." Hist, of Eng 
 land: The Restoration. 
 
 See Life by Dr. Lawrence ; Freind's Hist of Med. ; 
 Aikin's Biog. Mem. of Med. j Lives of Brit. Physicians, 
 in Murray's Family Library, vol. xiv. ; The Gold-Headed 
 Cane ; Physic and Physicians ; Aubrey's Letters of Emi 
 nent Persons, 1813, 3 vols. Svo ; Biog. Brit.; Rees's Cyc.; 
 Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Hist, of Medicine to 19th cent., by 
 P. V. Renouard. 
 
 Here we had intended to close; but we feel unwilling to 
 omit Harvey's own account of the difficulties which en 
 compassed his path when engaged in those laborious 
 investigations which were crowned at last with such 
 ample recompense. On a subject of such importance to 
 the general interests of humanity, the doctors, we trust, 
 will not be unwilling to forgive a little enthusiasm, even 
 in a laic : 
 
 " Devoting myself to discern the use and utility of the move 
 ments of the heart in animals, in a great number of vivisections, 
 I found at first the subject so full of difficulties that I thought 
 for a long time, with Fracastor, that the secret was known to God 
 alone. I could distinguish neither in what manner the systole 
 and diastole took place, nor at what moment the dilatation and 
 constriction occurred, owing to the celerity of the movements of 
 the heart, which in most animals is executed in the twinkling 
 of an eye, or like the flash of lightning. I floated undecided, 
 without knowing on what opinion to rest. Finally, from re 
 doubled care and attention, by multiplying and varying my 
 experiments, and by comparing the various results, I believed I 
 had put my finger on the truth, and commenced unravelling the 
 labyrinth. I believed I had seized the correct idea of the move 
 ment of the heart and arteries, as well as their true use. From, 
 that time I did not cease to communicate my views either to my 
 friends, or to the public in my academical course." 
 
 Harvey, William. Hours of Loyalty; or, Allego 
 rical Poetical Delineations in Rhyme, Lon., 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Harvey, William Henry, Prof, of Botany to the 
 Royal Dublin Society, and Keeper of the Herbarium of 
 the Univ. of Dublin. 1. Manual of the British Algae, 
 Lon., 1841, Svo; 1850, Svo. 2. Phycologia Britannica; 
 or, a Hist, of Brit. Sea- Weeds, 1846-51, 3 vols. r. Svo, 
 arranged in the order of publication, 7 12*. 6d. ; or, in 
 4 vols. r. Svo, arranged systematically according to the 
 Synopsis, 7 17*. 6d. A few copies on large paper. An 
 entire plate is devoted to each species, the number of 
 plates amounting to 360. 
 
 " The History of British Sea-weed? We can most faithfully re 
 commend for its scientific, its pictorial, and its popular value; the 
 professed botanist will find it a work of the highest character, 
 whilst those who desire merely to know the names and history 
 of the lovely plants which they gather oa the sea-shore will find 
 
 797 
 
HAR 
 
 HAS 
 
 In it the faithful portraiture of every one of them." Annals and \ 
 Magazine of Natural History. 
 
 3. The Sea-Side Book, 3d ed., 1854, fp. 8vo. 4. Nereis 
 Australia ; or, Illust. of the Algae of the Southern Ocean, 
 1848, &c., 4 Pts. imp. 8vo. 
 
 "Of this most important contribution to our knowledge of 
 exotic Algae, we know not if we can pay it a higher compliment than 
 by saying it is worthy of the author." Lon. Journal of Botany. 
 
 5. Nereis Boreali-Americana, r. 4to ; Pt. 1, 1852 ; Pt. 
 2, 1853. 
 
 Harvie, John. Midwifery, Lon., 1767, 8vo. 
 
 Harward, Simon, of New College, Oxford, a 
 preacher, schoolmaster, and physician, was the author of 
 several theolog. and other treatises, pub. 1581-1623. See 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Harwootl. Passing Bell, 1655, 8vo. 
 
 Harwood, Sir Busic, Kt, Prof, of Anat. in Univ. 
 of Carnb., b. at Newmarket, d. 1814. 1. Lects. on Ana 
 tomy and Physiol., Lon., 1797, 8vo. 2. Comparative 
 Anat. and Physiol. ; Fasciculus 1, 1796, 4to. 
 
 Harwood, Caroline. The Castle of Vivaldi j or, 
 the Mysterious Injunction ; a Novel, 1810, 4 vols. 
 
 Harwood, Charlotte. Lucubrations by a Lady, 
 1786, 12rno. 
 
 Harwood, Edward, D.D., 1729-1791, a learned 
 Unitarian minister and schoolmaster, pastor of a con 
 gregation in Bristol from 1765 to '70, settled in London 
 in or about the latter year, and subsisted by literary em 
 ployment and classical tuition. He pub. a number of 
 theological treatises, and the following works, by which 
 he is best known. 1. A New Introduc. tp the Study and 
 Knowledge of the N. Test, Lon.^vol. i. 1767; ii. 1771, 
 both 8vo. A third vol. was promised, but never completed. 
 
 " Certainly to be recommended to the theological student." 
 Bp. Marsh's Lects. on Divinity. 
 
 " This work may be read with advantage, making allowance for 
 the author's theological sentiments." Dr. E. Williams's C. P. 
 
 " In this Introduction many of the topics usually treated of in 
 such books are discussed with considerable ability." Grime's Bibl. 
 
 " The value of Dr. H.'s Introduction would not have been di 
 minished, if he had acknowledged his obligations to the preceding 
 work of Pritius, to which he has been very considerably indebted." 
 Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 2. A Liberal Trans, of the New Test, 1767, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 " The preceding work was designed to introduce this new and 
 
 liberal version. ... As a translation, it is verbose, affected, and, 
 in fact, more the New Testament of Dr. Harwood than of the 
 apostles." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 3. The New Test, collated with the most approved 
 MSS., with select notes in English, critical and explana 
 tory, 1776, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " This edition is certainly entitled to a place among the critical 
 editions of the New Testament, though it is not accompanied with 
 various readings: for, though Dr. Harwood has adopted the 
 common text as the basis of his own, he has made critical cor 
 rections wherever the received reading appeared to him to be 
 erroneous. The manuscripts which he has generally followed 
 when he departs from the common text are the Cantabrigiensis, 
 in the Gospel and Acts, and the Claromontanus in the Epistles of 
 St. Paul." Bishop Marsh's Michaelis. 
 
 " The appendix to vol. ii. contains a useful list of editions of the 
 New Testament, and of critics and commentators on it." Orme's 
 ibl. Bib. 
 
 " In the list of commentators and critics, those are most com 
 mended by Dr. Harwood who favour the Socinian scheme, to which 
 he was strongly attached ; and he therefore admitted or rejected 
 a variety of readings, according as they favour or oppose the So 
 cinian doctrine." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 4. A View of the various editions of the Greek and 
 Roman Classics ; with Remarks, Lon., 1775, 8vo ; 2d ed., 
 1778; 3d ed., 1782, 12mo ; 4th and best ed., 1790, 12mo. 
 
 " This is a valuable little book, no doubt far from being perfect, 
 but that can scarcely be expected in a work of the kind. It has 
 been translated into several foreign languages." Wait's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 The student must procure the later manuals of Dibdin 
 and of Moss. 
 
 5. Biographia Classica : The Lives and Characters of 
 the Greek and Roman Classics. New ed., 1778, 2 vols. 
 12mo. See Rees's Cyc. ; Gent. Mag., vols. IxiL, Ixiii., Ixiv. ; 
 Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Harwood, Edward. Populorum et Urbium selecta 
 Numismata Grseca, ex Mrs descripta et Figuris illus- 
 trata, Lon., 1812, 4to. 
 
 Harwood, G. H. Hist of Wesley an Methodism 
 New ed., Lon., 1854, 18mo. 
 
 Harwood, James. Srms. and Discourses, Lon., 
 1661-62. 
 
 Harwood, John. The Cause why I deny the Au 
 thority of George Fox, Lon., 1663, 4to. 
 
 Harwood, John. Roman Sudatory : Phil. Trans 
 1706. 
 
 Harwood, John. Advice to Members of Parl., 
 1812, 8vo. 
 798 
 
 Harwood, John Edmund, an actor, who came to 
 Philadelphia with Wignell's coinpam r in 1793, pub. a vol. 
 of poems in N. York in 1809. See Dunlap's Hist of the 
 Amer. Stage. 
 
 Harwood, Richard. Serms., 1644, '45. 
 
 Harwood, Thomas. 1. The Death of Dion; a 
 Trag., Oxf., 1787, 8vo. 2. Annot on Genesis, Lon., 1789, 
 8vo. A compilation from various authors, 
 
 "Which, if not a brilliant, may in some degree be considered as 
 a useful, performance." Lon. Month. Rev., N. S., iv. 106. 
 
 3. Alumni Etonenses, 1443-1797, 4to, 1797. 
 
 " Harwood's book is not reckoned of much authority beyond 
 the mere records which he copied." Hattam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 4. Hist of Christ, 1798, 12mo. 5. Grecian Antiquities, 
 1801, 8vo. 6. Geography, 1804, 12mo. 
 
 Harwood, Rev. Thomas. 1. Hist and Antiq. of 
 Lichfield, Gloucester, 1806, 4to. 2. Survey of Stafford 
 shire, 8vo. 
 
 Harwood, Uriel. 1. Discourses from English Di 
 vines, 1813, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Additional do., 8vo. 
 
 Harwood, Win., M.D. Curative Influence of the 
 Southern Coast of England, Lon., sm. 8vo. 
 
 " An instructive and very useful work." Lon. New Times. 
 
 Hascard, Gregory, D.D., d. 1708, Rector of St. 
 Michael's, Queen-Hithe, London, 1669 ; Rector of St. 
 Clement Danes, 1678; Dean of Windsor, 1700. Serms. 
 and a Discourse, Lon., 1668-96. See Gibson's Preserv., 
 ii. 82. 
 
 Haselden, Thomas. Method of Keeping a Journal 
 at Sea} revised and corrected, with addits., by A. Smith, 
 Glasg., 1788, 4to. 
 
 Haseldon, W. S. Sails for Windmills, 1807, 8vo. 
 
 Haskel, R. M. Memoir of Frances E. H. McLellan, 
 with a selection from her Letters, N. York, 1856. 
 
 Haskey, Henricus. Disputatio inaug. de Ferro, 
 ejusque in Morbis curandis, usu, Edin., 1777, 8vo. 
 
 Haskins, Mrs. Elizabeth, of Rhode Island, col 
 lected the Literary Remains of her brother, John Brown 
 Ladd, which were pub., with a sketch of the author's 
 life, by W. B. Chittenden in 1832, N. York, 12mo. 
 
 Haskins, John. The Battle of Waterloo ; a Poem, 
 Lon., 1816, 8vo. 
 
 Haslam, John, M.D., Apothecary to Bethlehem 
 Hospital. 1. Observ. on Insanity, Lon., 1798, 8vo; 2d 
 ed., enlarged and corrected, 1809, 8vo. 
 
 " Read Haslam on Insanity. This dreadful visitation he as 
 cribes not to a false perception or morbid intensity, but to a 
 wrong association, of ideas. There surely, however, must be 
 more in it than this. I once asked a professional gentleman, 
 who had particular opportunities of experience on the subject, 
 whether he always found the brain of maniacs in a preternatural 
 or disordered state. He said that he frequently, perhaps gene 
 rally, did ; but that in many cases where the faculties were most 
 completely deranged, that organ had every appearance of being in 
 a perfectly sound and healthy condition." Green's Diary of a 
 Lover of Lit., June 5, 1798. 
 
 2. Illustrations of Madness, 1810, 8vo. 3. Moral Ma 
 nagement of Insane Persons, 1817. 4. Contributions on 
 Sound Mind, 8vo. See BURROWS, G. MANN, M.D. 5. 
 Medical Jurisprudence as it relates to Insanity, according 
 to the Law of England, 1818. See FORSYTH, J. S., and 
 authors there referred to. 6. Letter to the Governors of 
 Bethlehem Hospital, containing an acct. of their Manage 
 ment of that Institution for the last twenty years,1818,8vo. 
 
 Haslam, Wm, Perpetual Curate of St. Michael's, 
 Baldiu. 1. Perran-Zabuloe ; or, The Lost Church. New 
 ed., Lon., 1844, fp. 8vo. 2. The Cross and the Serpent, 
 Oxf., 1849, 12mo. 
 
 Haslehurst, George. Penmaen Mawr, and Day 
 break: Poems, Lon., 1849, p. 8vo. 
 
 Haslem, Wm. Saunders, M.D. Inquiry into the 
 causes of the extraordinary addition to the number of 
 the Insane, 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Haslerigg, Sir Arthur. 1. Speech in Parl., Lon., 
 1642, 4to. 2. Letter to a Member of the late Parl.,1659,4to. 
 
 Hasleton, Richard. Strange and wonderful things 
 happened to Rd. Hasleton, borne at Braintree, in Essex, in 
 his ten yeares Trauailes in many forraine countries. Penned 
 as he delivered it from his owne mouth, Lon., 1595, 4to. 
 
 Haslewood, Francis. Serms., Lon., 1720-21. 
 
 Haslewood, John, D.D. Serms., 1701-07, all 4to. 
 
 Haslewood, Joseph, 1769-1833, a native of and 
 solicitor in London, was well known for many years to all 
 thorough-paced bibliomaniacs, as an intelligent and zeal 
 ous editor of reprints of the works of old English poets. 
 Notices of these edits., and of periodicals to which Mr. II 
 was a contributor, will be found scattered through our 
 pages : see BKRNERS, JULIANA ; BALDWIN, WILLIAM ; 
 BRATHWAIT, RICHARD; BRYDGES, SIR SAMUEL EGERTON; 
 and other names in this Dictionary. A list of works 
 
HAS 
 
 (twenty-five in number) with which Mr. Haslewood was 
 connected, either as sole or joint author, and as contri 
 butor, will be found in a biographical notice of this gen 
 tleman in Gent. Mag:, Nov. 1833, 467-468. See also 
 Dibdin's Bibliomania, his Bibliographical Decameron, 
 his Library Companion, and his Literary Reminiscences. 
 Dr. Dibdin protests earnestly against the portrait of 
 Haslewood, drawn in the London Atheaaeum, (1834, pp. 
 1, 28, 45, and 60,) in the four amusing papers entitled 
 The Roxburghe Revels, MS. 
 
 Haslewood, Wm. Legal publications, Lon.,1814-29. 
 
 Hasloch, John. Serm., Lon., 1819, 8vo. 
 
 Hassall, Arthur Hill, M.D. 1. Hist, of British 
 Fresh-Water Algse, Lon., 1845, 2 vols. 8vo ; 2d ed., 1852, 
 2 vols. Svo. 2. Microscopic Anat. of the Human Body, 
 
 1849, 2 vols. Svo ; 2d ed., 1852, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " We have rarely met with a work in which the debatable and 
 scattered points of a new science have been more sensibly argued, 
 or more judiciously combined into something nearly approaching 
 to the perfection of a complete system." Lon. Med. Gazette. 
 
 " The plates are beautifully executed and coloured, and convey 
 a perfect idea of the objects which they are intended to illustrate." 
 Lon. Lancet. 
 
 3. Microscopical Exam, of Water supplied to London, 
 
 1850, Svo. 4. Food and its Adulterations, 1855, Svo. See 
 Longman's Notes on Books, May, 1855, 9-10. 
 
 " We do not doubt or deny the good services which Dr. Hassall 
 has rendered to the public ; but we tremble either to eat or drink 
 after his book has come into our hands. We look askance at the 
 innocent grocer, the virtuous and respectable milkman. The 
 wretches! have they not been poisoning us secretly in their back- 
 parlours? mixing one knows not what abominations in our milk j 
 and in our tea? Yet the tea and the milk, where can we get 
 substitutes for them, we, who can neither freight Chinamen nor 
 keep a dairy ?" BlackwoocTs Mag., Aug. 1855. 
 
 Hassall, Charles. General View of the Agricult. 
 of the Co. of Carmarthen, Lon., 1794, 4to. 2. General 
 View of the Agricult. of the Co. of Pembroke, 1794, 4to. 
 
 " Present nothing of particular notice." Donaldson's Agricult. 
 Bioa. 
 
 Hassel, Richard. Lath in a man's eye; Phil. 
 Trans., 1748. 
 
 Hasselgrew, Nicholas. Swedish Pan. See Ben 
 jamin Stillingfleet's Tracts on Nat. Hist., &c., p. 339, 1762. 
 
 Hassell, J. 1. Tour of the Isle of Wight, Lon., 1790, 
 2 vols. Svo. 2. Guide to Bath, 1793, Svo. 3. Beauties of 
 Antiquity, 1806. 4. Life of Geo. Morland, 1806, r. 4to. 
 He also pub. some works on drawing, 1809, '11. 
 
 Hasset-Blener, Thomas. See BLENER-HASSET. 
 
 Hasolle, James, i. e. Ashmole, Elias, q. v. 
 
 Hasted, Edward, a native of Hawley, Kent, 1732- 
 1812, was the author of the following valuable work : 
 The Hist, and Topog. Survey of the County of Kent, Can- 
 terb., 1788-99, 4 vols. fol. 
 
 "Ex his omnibus, longe sunt humanissimi qui Cantium incolunt, 
 Fm-tes creantur fortibus et bonis, 
 Nee imbellem feroces progenerant.' 
 
 Second ed., improved, corrected, and continued to the 
 present time, 1797-1S01, 12 vols. Svo. This work is now 
 scarce and high in price. It is the result of labour ex 
 tending over a period of forty years. 
 
 " The whole exhibits more research than taste, either in arrang 
 ing the information, or in style; and it is very defective in notices 
 of manners, arts, or biographical and literary history. Its highest 
 praise is that of a faithful record of the property of the country, 
 and of its genealogical history." 
 
 See Gough's Topog. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet, j Gent., Mag., 
 (written by Halsted himself,) vol. Ixxxii. 
 
 Hasted contributed a paper Concerning Chestnut-Trees 
 to Phil. Trans., 1771. 
 
 Hastings, Lady Flora, 1806-1839, Lady of the 
 Bedchamber to the Duchess of Kent, was the eldest daugh 
 ter of Francis, Marquis of Hastings. The melancholy 
 circumstances connected with her untimely death have 
 caused her name to be widely known and held in kindly 
 remembrance both in Europe and America. She was an 
 accomplished scholar, and the author of some poetical 
 compositions of considerable merit. A vol. of her Poems, 
 collected by herself, was pub. by her sister after her 
 decease; new ed., Lon., 1841, fp. Svo. 
 
 " In Lady Flora's dramatic fragments especially, there is a true 
 power, which, had it continued to be cultivated, might have pro 
 duced great things; and many of her original lyrics, as The 
 Rainbow, The Cross of Constantine, The Street of the Tombs, 
 as well as her translations from the German and Italian, are 
 replete with spirit and grace." Moir's Poet. Lit. of the Past Half- 
 Century. See also Eclec. Rev., 4th S., ix. 572. 
 
 Hastings, Francis, Earl of Huntingdon, trans., at 
 the request of his uncle-in-law, Cardinal Pole, Osorius de 
 Nobilitate, and Osorius de Gloria. See Park's Walpole's 
 R. and N. Authors. 
 
 Hastings, Sir Francis, son of the preceding. 1. A 
 Watchword to all religious and true-hearted Englishmen, 
 
 HAT 
 
 Lon., 1598, Svo. 2. Apologie for the preceding, 1600, 4to. 
 Other works. See Athen. Oxon.; Park's Walpole's R. and 
 N. Authors. 
 
 Hastings, Francis Rawdon. See MOIRA, EARL. 
 Hastings, Henry James, Rector of Areley, King's. 
 1. Parochial Serms., Lon., 1845-46, 2 vols. Svo. 2. The 
 Whole Armour of God : in four Serms., 1848, fp. Svo. 
 
 Hastings, John, M.D., Senior Physician to the 
 Blenheim Street Free Dispensary. 1. Pulmonary Con 
 sumption healed with Naphtha, 2d ed., Lon., 1845, Svo. 
 
 " If experience proves the correctness of these statements, Dr. 
 Hastings will be considered a benefactor to the human race." 
 Dr. Johnson's Review. 
 
 2. Diseases of the Larynx and Trachea, 1850, Svo. 3. 
 Special Treat, of Pulmon. Consumption and Hooping- 
 Cough, 1854, p. Svo. 
 
 Hastings, T. Vestiges of Antiquity; or, a Series 
 of Etchings, Ac. of Antiq. in Canterbury, 1813, imp. fol. 
 Hastings, Thomas. Poem, 1778, 4to. 
 Hastings, Thomas, an American author, has pub. 
 several collections of music for churches, schools, <fec., 
 some of them in conjunction with Wm. B. Bradbury, and 
 other works relating to Musical Taste, .<fec. 
 
 Hastings, Warren, 1733-1818, Governor of Bengal, 
 a wicked and unscrupulous tyrant, has been already suffi 
 ciently noticed in these columns in our lives of EDMUND 
 BORKE, and GEORGE ROBERT GLEIG. He was the son of a 
 clergyman ; was educated at Westminster School ; entered 
 the East India Company as a writer in 1750; became 
 Governor-General of Bengal in 1774; was arraigned for 
 high crimes and misdemeanours (committed in his official 
 capacity) in 1786; and, nine years after the commence 
 ment of proceedings, was acquitted in the House of Lords, 
 in 1795. Those who desire to know more of his history 
 must peruse his life by the Rev. G. R. Gleig ; a review of 
 this work by T. B. Macaulay in Edin. Rev., Ixxiv. 160- 
 255; the works of Edmund Burke; the account of the 
 Trial pub. by Hastings himself, (Debates of the House of 
 Lords, <fcc., 1797, 4to ;) the periodicals, <fec. of the day. 
 Hastings was the author of several publications relating 
 to the East India Company, fugitive poetry, essays, <fec. 
 See Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Blackwood's Mag., xii. 134; xvii. 
 7, 343; xx. 201, 208, 326, 329, 486; xxxiv. 319, et seq.; 
 xxxvii. 857; xl. 71; xlix. 423, 638 ; Dubl. Univ. Mag., 
 xviii. 619, 693. 
 
 Haswell, Charles H. 1. The Engineer's and Me 
 chanic's Pocket Book, N. York, 1850. 2. Mechanics' 
 Tables, 1856, 12mo. 3. Mensuration, N. York, 1858, 12mo. 
 Haswell, Susannah. Victoria, Lon., 17S6, 2 vols. 
 12mo. Exhibits examples of filial piety. 
 
 Hasworth, H. H. The Lady of the Cave ; a Novel, 
 1802, 3 vols. 
 
 Hatch, John. A word of Peace from the Prince of 
 Peace to the sons of peace, Lon., 1646, sm. Svo. With 
 a Preface by Saltmarsh. 
 
 Hatchard, T. Goodwin, Rector of Havant. 1. The 
 German Tree ; a Moral, Lon., 1851, 18mo. 2. Food for my 
 Flock: Serms. preached in Havant Church, 1854. 
 
 Hatchell, John. Taafe v. Downes, Dubl.,1815,fp.8vo. 
 Hatchell, John P. Trial of E. Sheridan, 1812, Svo. 
 Hatcher, Thomas, Fellow of Eton College, 1555, 
 compiled Memoirs of the eminent persons educated in 
 that institution to the year 1572, and pub. the Epistles 
 and Orations of Walter Haddon, in a book entitled Lucu 
 brations. Hatcher was physician to Queen Mary. 
 
 Hatchett, Charles, pub. many chemical papers in 
 Phil. Trans, and Nic. Jour., 1796-1817. 
 Hatfield, Miss. Novels, Ac., 1801-16. 
 Hatfield, J. F. Patriotism, Lon., 1804, Svo. 
 Hathaway, W. S. Speeches of the Rt. Hon. Wm. 
 Pitt, in H. of C., 1806, 4 vols. Svo ; 1817, 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 Hatley, Griffith, M.D. Petrifaction ; Phil. Trans., 
 1683. 
 
 Hathcrell, J. W., D.D. 1. Serm. on the Church 
 Catechism, Lon., 1835, Svo. 2. Nine Serms. at Malta, 
 1843, 12mo. 3. Lent Lects. on the Repentance of David, 
 1847, 12mo. To Dr. Hatherell we are indebted for the 
 Life and Preface prefixed to the reprint of Archbishop 
 Laud's Sermons, 1829, Svo. 
 
 II at sell, John, 1742-1820, Chief Clerk of the House 
 of Commons until 1797. 1. Rules, &c, of the H. of C., 
 1774, '84, '89, 1809, 4to. 2. Cases of Privileges of Parlia 
 ment to 1628, 4to, 1776. 3. Precedents of Proceedings in 
 the H. of C., with Observ., 1781, 4to ; 2d ed., 1785, 3 vols. 
 4to; 3d ed., 1794-96, 4 vols. 4to ; 4th and best ed., 1818, 
 4 vols. 4to. This work is accepted as authority, save 
 where changes have been introduced of late years. See 
 May's Treat upon Parliaments ; Brooke's Bibl. Leg. 
 
 IN 
 
HAT 
 
 HAV 
 
 "Established forms of procedure respected by all from their 
 impartiality are among the strongest securities for a free Con 
 stitution, and are barriers against over-hasty legislation, or the 
 unhesitating tyranny of the majority." SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH. 
 Ilatt, Andrew. Serm., Lon., 1805, 4to. 
 Halt, Richard. Poetical Works, Ac., 1810-18. 
 Halt, Richard. Insolvent Debtors' Ct., Lon., 1821, 
 12mo. 
 
 Hattecliffe, Vine. God or Nothing, Lon., 1659, 8vo. 
 Ilatton, Sir Christopher, d. 1591, Lord-Chancellor 
 of England, 1587, educated at St. Mary Hall, Oxford, has ! 
 had ascribed to him A Treatise concerning Statutes or 
 Acts of Parliament, and the Exposition thereof, Lon., 
 1677, 8vo, which it is asserted he did not write, the 
 fourth Act of the Tragedy of Tancred and Gismund 
 which Warton thinks he did write, and some legal tracts, 
 which he may or may not have written. See Athen. I 
 Oxon. ,- Lodge's Illustrations ; Park's Walpole's R. and N. ! 
 Authors; Lloyd's State Worthies; Peck's Desiderata; I 
 Fuller's Worthies; Hume's, and other histories of Eng. ; j 
 Lord Campbell's Lives of the Lord-Chancellors; Memoirs ' 
 of the Life and Times of Sir Christopher Hatton, by Sir 
 N. H. Nicolas, 1847, 8vo. 
 
 "But what was the astonishment of courtiers, of lawyers, and 
 of citizens, when on Saturday, the 29th of April, it was announced 
 that Her Majesty had chosen for the Keeper of her conscience, 
 to preside in the Chancery and the Star-Chamber. and the House 
 of Lords, and to superintend the administrations of Justice 
 throughout the realm, a gay young cavalier never called to the 
 bar, and chiefly famed for his handsome person, his taste in dress, 
 and his skill in dancing, Sir Christopher Hatton!" LORD CAMP 
 BELL: Lives of the Lord-Chancdiors. 
 
 The new Lord-Chancellor seems to have borne himself 
 in his high office better than could have been generally 
 anticipated : but Fuller thinks the queen not to have 
 greatly erred in her judgment or fancy : 
 
 " His parts were far above his learning, which mutually so as 
 sisted each other, that no manifest want did appear ; and the 
 queen at last preferred him Lord Chancellor of England." Wor 
 thies of Northamptonshire. 
 
 Another authority also assures us that 
 " He was a person that besides the graces of his person and 
 dancing, had also the adjectiments of a strong and subtle capa 
 city, one that could soon learn the discipline and garb both of 
 the times and the Court." NAUNTON. 
 
 Lloyd cannot say enough in his praise : 
 " His features set off his body, his gait his features, his carriage 
 his gait, his parts his carriage, his prudence his parts, and his 
 close patience his prudence." State Favourites. 
 
 Oakland, in his character of Elizabeth's ministers, is 
 not behind Lloyd in his eulogies : 
 
 " Splendidus Hatton, 
 Ille Satelitii regalis ductor, ovanti 
 Pectore, Maecenas studiosis, maximus altor 
 Et fautor verse virtutis, munificusque." 
 And a greater than all yet cited withheld not a noble 
 tribute to the fortunate saltator who danced himself into 
 the woolsack : 
 
 "To THE R. H. SIR C. HATTON, Lord High-Chancellor of England. 
 " Those prudent heads, that with their counsels wise, 
 
 Whilom the pillars of th' earth did sustain; 
 And taught ambitious Rome to tyrannise, 
 
 And in the neck of all the world to reign, 
 Oft from those grave affairs were wont t' abstain, 
 
 With the sweet lady-muses for to play. 
 So Ennius, the elder Africain; 
 
 So Maro oft did Czesar's cares allay ; 
 So, you, great Lord! that with your counsel sway 
 
 The burden of this kingdom mightily ; 
 With like delights sometimes may eke delay, 
 
 The rugged brow of careful policy ; 
 And to these idle rhymes lend little space, 
 
 Which, for their title's sake, may find more grace." 
 EDMUND SPENSER : presented to Sir Christopher Hatton with a copy 
 of The Faery Queen. 
 
 Hatton, Sir Christopher. The Psalter of David; 
 with titles and Collects, Oxon., 1644, '46, 8vo. 
 
 Hatton, Edward. Works on Arithmetic, 1699-1728. 
 
 Hatton, Thomas. 1. Gold Coin, Lon., 1775, 8vo. 
 2. Watch and Clock Work, 1774, 8vo. 
 
 Hauffman. Colours for dyeing ; Nic. Jour., 1805. 
 
 Haughton, Edward. Anti-Christ, Lon., 1652, 8vo. 
 
 H ^o Shton, Sir Graves Champney, Knt, d. 1849, 
 aged 62, Prof, at the East India College, Haileybury, 1817- 
 27; knighted, 1833; Member of the Institute of France 
 and Member of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta, 1838. 1. 
 Rudiments of Bengali Grammar, Lon., 1821, 4to. 2. In 
 stitutes of Menu, in the original Sanscrit. 3. Bengali 
 Sanscrit, and English Dictionary. 4. Inquiry into the 
 Nature of Language, 1832, 4to. Privately printed. 5. 
 Prodromus ; or, An Inquiry into the First Principles of 
 Reasoning, 1839, 8vo. 
 
 " All men are as the vulgar in what they do not understand ' 
 BURKE. 
 
 "It is a work which, if men will take the trouble to think, 
 must make a powerful sensation. We trust that the attention 
 of every philosophical inquirer, at home and abroad, will be di 
 rected to its earnest and mature examination." Lon. Literary 
 Gazette. 
 
 See a biographical notice in the Lon. Gent. Mag., Oct. 
 1849, 420. 
 
 Haughton, Mary Arnald. Emilia of Lindenau, 
 or the Field of Leipsic; a Poem, Lon., 1815, 12mo. 
 
 Haughton, Rev. Samuel, Fellow and Tutor of 
 Trin. Coll., and Prof, of Geology in the Univ. of Dublin. 
 See GALBRAITH, REV. JOSEPH A.; Longman's Notes on 
 Books, Nov. 1855, 4^6. 
 
 Haughton, Win., was the author of a number of 
 dramatic pieces, of which the comedy of Englishmen for 
 my Money, Lon., 1616, 4to, is one of the best known. 
 The comedy of Patient Grissill, in which he was assisted 
 by Chettle and Decker, sold for 9 at the Roxburghe sale. 
 See Biog. Dramat, where twenty-two plays are ascribed 
 to this author. 
 
 Haukin, Win. Tres Eclogse Virgilianse Inflexae, 
 Lon., 1631, 4to. 
 
 Haukinius, anglice Hawkins. 
 Hauksbee, Francis, Curator of Experiments to 
 the Royal Society, distinguished for his experiments in 
 electricity, wrote several works on electricity, Ac., pub. 
 1709-31, and was the author of many papers in Phil. 
 Trans., 1704-13, on subjects of nat. philos. See Watt's 
 Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Haupt, Herman, b. 1817, at Philadelphia, grad. at 
 West Point, 1835. 1. Hints on Bridge-Building, 1840. 
 2. General Theory of Bridge Construction, N. York, 2d 
 ed., 1853, 8vo. This is a valuable work, " containing de 
 monstrations of the principles of the art, and their appli 
 cation to practice." 
 
 Hausted, Peter, D.D., was Vicar of Gretton, 1639, 
 and had several other preferments. 1. The Rival Friends; 
 a Com., Lon., 1632, 4to. 2. Senile Odium; Com., Cantab., 
 1633, 12mo. 3. Ten Serms., Lon., 1636, 4to. 4. Ad Popu- 
 lum: a Lecture to the People, Oxon., 1644, 4to. 5. The 
 Amorous War; a Tragi-Com., Lon., 1648, 4to. 6. Hymnus 
 Tabaco ; a Poem in honour of Tabaco, by Raphael Thorius ; 
 made English by P. H., 1651, sm. 8vo. The Hymn in 
 praise of Tobacco, both Latin and English, will be found 
 in Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., ii. 379. It is a theme in 
 which, doubtless, many of our readers feel a lively interest. 
 "Our Author seems to be much of the Humour of Sen Johnson, 
 (whose greatest weakness was that he could not bear censure.") 
 Langbaine's Dram. Poets., q. v., and see also Bliss's Wood's Athen. 
 Oxon. ; Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Hautenville, H. B. Customs and Excise, Dubl., 
 1804, fol. 
 
 Havard, Neast. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1778. 
 Havard, Wm., an actor, d. 1778, aged 68. 1. Sean- 
 derbeg; T., 1733, 8vo. 2. K. Charles the First; H. T., 1737, 
 8vo. 3. Regulus; T., 1744, 8vo. 4. The Elopement; F., 
 1768, N. P. See Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Haveloch, Capt. Henry. Narrative of the War in 
 Affghanistan in 1838-39; 2d ed., Lon., 1840, 2 vols. cr. 8vo. 
 See Blackwood's Mag., xlix. 298. 
 
 Haven, Mrs. Alice B., formerly Miss Bradley, 
 a native of Hudson, New York, was married in 1846 to 
 the late Joseph C. Neal, the popular author of the Char 
 coal Sketches. After his decease she superintended the 
 Gazette which had long borne her husband's name, and 
 contributed to it and to other periodicals many prose and 
 poetical articles. Having been from a very early age a 
 contributor to the literary journals of the day, she now 
 found the advantage of the possession of a practised pen. 
 In 1853 Mrs. Neal was married to Mr. Joshua L. Haven. 
 In 1850 she gave to the world The Gossips of Rivertown, 
 with Sketches in Prose and Verse, a graphic description 
 of evcry-day life in the country. But it is as a writer for 
 the young that Mrs. Haven has acquired honours of the 
 most substantial, truly valuable, and enduring character. 
 The excellent " COUSIN ALICE" is a favoured guest in 
 many a household circle, the " Parents' Assistant" and 
 "The Children's Friend." 
 
 The volumes entitled Helen Morton's Trial, No Such 
 Word as Fail, Contentment Better than Wealth, Patient 
 Waiting No Loss, All's Not Gold that Glitters, Pictures 
 frcto the Bible, Watch and Pray, A Place for Everything 
 and Everything in its Place, Nothing Venture Nothing 
 Have, Out of Debt out of Danger, The Coopers, have doubt 
 less improved the heart whilst gratifying the imagination, 
 and instructed the conscience as well as pleased the taste. 
 Haven, Erastus O., D.D., b. 1820, in Boston, grad. 
 Wesleyan University, 1842. The Young Man Advised, 
 N. York, 1855, 12mo. 
 
HAV 
 
 HAW 
 
 Haven, Jason, 1733-1803, grad. at Harvard College, 
 1754, minister of Dedham, Mass., pub. serms., <fcc., 1758-96. 
 
 Haven, Joseph, Prof, of Intellectual and Moral Phi 
 losophy, Amherst Coll. Mental Philosophy ; including the 
 Intellect, the Sensibilities, and the Will, Bosk, 1858, r. 12mo. 
 Commended. 
 
 Haven, Nathan Appleton, 1790-1826, a member 
 of the Bar, grad. at Harvard College in 1807, settled at 
 Portsmouth, N. Hampshire, and was editor of the Ports 
 mouth Journal from 1821 to 1825. A vol., containing his 
 Remains, with a Memoir by George Ticknor, was pub. in 
 1827, 8vo, pp. 351. See N. Amer. Rev., xxvii. 154, (by W. 
 B 0. Peabody ;) and Chris. Exam., v. 70, (by H. Ware, Jr.) 
 
 Haven, Samuel, D.D., 1727-1806, minister of Ports 
 mouth, N. Hampshire, grandfather of the preceding, grad. 
 at Harvard College, 1749, pub. several serms., 1760-1800. 
 
 Haverfield, Thomas T., Rector of Goddington, 
 Oxon. 1. Serm., Lon., 1811, 8vo. 2. Serms., 1835-38. 
 
 Havers, Clopton, M.D., an eminent English ana 
 tomist. Osteologia Nova, Lon., 1691, 1729, 8vo ; Ulm, 
 1692, 8vo ; Neust., 1731, 8vo. He edited Anatomy of 
 Bodies of Man and Woman, from M. Spacher and J. 
 Remmelin, Lon., 1702, fol., and contrib. mod. papers to 
 Phil. Trans., 1694, '99. 
 
 Havers, George, trans, from the French, Discourses 
 on Philosophy, Lon., 1664, and P. De Valle's Travels, 
 with Sir T. Roe's Voyages into the E. Indies, 1665, fol. 
 
 Haversham, M. Thomson, Lord. 1. Speech in 
 H. of Peers, 1706-07, 4to. 2. Scotch Invasion, 1709, 4to. 
 
 Haviland, D., Rector of Northpederwin, Cornwall. 
 First Peopling of the Island of Britain; Archseol., 1770. 
 
 Haviland, J., Prof, of Anatomy, Cambridge. Fever 
 at Cambridge, 1815; Med. Trans., 1815. 
 
 Haviland, John, 1792-1852, Architect of the Eastern 
 Penitentiary at Philadelphia. Builder's Assistant, Bait., 
 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 IJ award, Capt. Lazarus. 1. Crown Revenue, <fcc., 
 Lon., 1647, '60, 4to. 2. Occurrences from Ireland, 1642,4to. 
 
 Haward, Nicholas. 1. Romaine Wele Publique, 
 Ac., Englished from Eutropius. 2. Line of Liberalitie, 
 1569, 16mo. 
 
 Hawarden, Dr. 1. True Church of Christ, Lon., 
 1714, 3 Pts. in 2 vols. 8vo. Highly esteemed by the R. 
 Catholics. It is intended as an answer to Charles Leslie's 
 Case Stated. 2. Wit against Reason, Brussels, 1735, 8vo. 
 An eminent R. Catholic layman remarks that there is in 
 HaWarden's polemic writings 
 
 " An union, seldom found, of brevity, accuracy, clearness, order, 
 and close reasoning." CHARLES BUTLER. 
 
 Haweis, John O. W. 1. Sketches of the Reforma 
 tion and Elizabethan Age, Lon., 1844, 12mo. Originally 
 pub. in the British Magazine. 2. Serms., 1848, 12mo. 
 
 Haweis, Thomas, 1734-1820, Rector of Aldwinckle, 
 and chaplain to the Countess of Huntingdon. His prin 
 cipal works are : 1. The Evangelical Expositor; or, a Com 
 ment on the Holy Bible, Lon., 1765-66, 2 vols. fol. New 
 ed., Glasg., 3 vols. 4to. 
 
 "Not a work of much value." OrmfSs Bibl. Brit. 
 
 2. Communicant's Spiritual Companion, Lon., 1763, 
 12mo. New ed., 1854, 32mo. 
 
 "An excellent devotional treatise." Bicker steMs C. S. 
 
 3. Improvement of the Church Catechism, 1775, 12mo. 
 4. Evangel. Principles and Practice, 1762, 8vo. New ed., 
 Oxf., 1835, 12mo. 5. Trans, of the New Test, from the 
 Greek, Lon., 1795, 8vo. 
 
 " His qualifications were not equal to the task, and his work 
 has not attracted any attention." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 6. Hist, of the Church of Christ, 1800, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 Severely criticized by Dean Isaac Milner, Camb., 1800, 
 8vo, &G. See an account of the controversy in Lowndes's 
 Brit. Lib., 1288. 
 
 Hawes, Barbara. Tales of the North American 
 Indians, 1620-1776, Lon., 1844, fp. 8vo. 
 
 " We cannot say any thing of this entertaining collection more 
 descriptive or appropriate than that it forms an admirable intro 
 duction to Catlin's book. It is impossible to over-estimate the 
 importance to this country of carefully instructing its youth in 
 the history and character of the natives of its colonies and settle 
 ments." Lon. Atlas. 
 
 Hawes, Benjamin, Jr., M.P. The Abolition of 
 Arrest and Imprisonment for Debt considered, Lon., 1836, 
 8vo. See McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 132. 
 
 Hawes, Edward. Trayterovs Percyes and Gates- 
 byes Prosopopeia, Lon., 1606, 4to. This poetical tract of 
 12 leaves, written by a "youth of sixteen yeeres old," was 
 sold at Sotheby's in 1821 for 16; Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 40. 
 
 Hawes, Joel, D.D., of Connecticut. 1. Lects. to 
 Young Men, on Character and Reading, Hartford, 1848. 
 Reviewed in Chris. Month. Spec., x. 474; Spirit of the 
 
 Pilgrims, ii. 47. 2. Religion of the East, with Impressions 
 of Foreign Travel. 3. Letters on Universalism, N. York, 
 18mo. 4. A Tribute to the Memory of the Pilgrims, Hart 
 ford, 12mo. Reviewed in Chris. Exam., x. 297; Chris. 
 Quar. Spec., (by J. Leavitt,) iii. 358. 
 
 Hawes, Miss Mary Virginia, a native of Rich 
 mond, Virginia, daughter of Samuel P. Hawes, late of Dor 
 chester, Mass., has pub. three popular novels under the nom 
 de plume of Marion Harland. 1. Alone; a Tale of Southern 
 Life and Manners, Richmond, 1854, 12mo. Repub. in Lon 
 don in the same year. Noticed in the Lon. Athenaeum, 
 1854, 1397. In America the 19th ed. was pub. in February, 
 1856. 2. The Hidden Path, N. York, 1855, 12mo. 
 
 " This is an improvement upon the author's last story of Alone, 
 reviewed by us on its appearance. There is more pith and con 
 sistency in the plot, and very much less fine writing; fewer pro 
 vincialisms, both of thought and expression. The incidents of 
 ordinary life are still treated too grandly." Lon. Athen. 
 
 3. Moss-Side, N. York, 1857, 12mo. 
 
 Hawes, Robert, and Robert Loder. Hist of 
 Framlingham, Woodbridge, 1798, 4to. 
 
 Hawes, Samuel. Missionary Poems, 1800. 
 
 Hawes, Stephen, an English poet, Groom of the 
 Privy Chamber to Henry VII., is best known by his 
 Temple of Glasse, 4to, The Conuersion of Swerers, 4to, 
 and The Pass Tyme of Pleasure, 1517, 4to. 
 
 " If the poems of Rowlie are not genuine, the EASTIME OF PLEA 
 SURE is almost the only effort of imagination and invention which 
 had appeared in our poetry since Chaucer." Warton's Hist, of 
 Eng. Poet. 
 
 " Those who require the ardent words or the harmonious grace 
 of poetical diction will not frequently be content with Hawes. 
 Unlike many of our older versifiers, he would be judged more un 
 favourably by extracts than by a general view of his long work, 
 [The Pass Tyme of Pleasure.] He is rude, obscure, full of pedantic 
 Latinisms, and probably has been disfigured in the press; but 
 learned and philosophical, reminding us frequently of the school 
 of James I." Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 "That he is greatly superior to many of his immediate pre 
 decessors and contemporaries, in harmonious versification and 
 clear expression, will appear from the following stanza: 
 " 'Besydes this gyaunt, upon every tree,'" &c. 
 
 Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet. 
 
 See also Bliss's Wood's Athen Oxon.; Ellis's Specimens; 
 Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet.; Censura Literaria ; 
 Ritson's Bibl. Poet. ; Dibdin's Lib. Comp. 
 
 Hawes, William, M.D., 1736-1808, pub. a number 
 of works on medicine, the Humane Society, and Bills of 
 Mortality, Lon., 1774-95. He pub. An Account of the 
 late Dr. Goldsmith's last Illness so far as relates to the 
 Exhibition of James's Powders, 1774, 4to, 3 eds. 
 
 Hawes, William Post, b. 1821, in the city of New 
 York, was a popular contributor to the New York Mirror, 
 the American Monthly Magazine, The Spirit of the Times 
 and Turf Register, and other periodicals. A collection 
 of his writings was pub. in 1842, shortly after his death, 
 entitled Sporting Scenes and Sundry Sketches, being the 
 Miscellaneous Writings of J. Cypress, Jr. Edited, with a 
 memoir, by Henry William Herbert. 
 
 Hawke, Hon. Annabella Eliza Cassandra. 
 Babylon, and other Poems, Lon., 181 1, 8vo. 
 
 Hawke, Hon. Martin Bladder, brother to the 
 preceding. 1. The Ranger; a Collec. of Periodical Essays 
 by M. Hawke and Sir R. Vincent, Bart., 1794, 8vo ; 2d 
 ed., 1795, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Hawke, Michael. 1. The Right of Dominion, and 
 Property of Liberty, whether National, Civil, or Religious, 
 Lon., 1655. 2. Killing is Murder ; against a Pamphlet of 
 W. Allen, entit. Killing no Murder, 1657, 4to. 3. Grounds 
 of the Laws of England, 1657, 4to. 
 
 Hawker, Capt. R. A. Journal of a Regimental 
 Officer during the late Campaign in Portugal and Spain, 
 1810, 8vo. 
 
 Hawker, Essex. The Wedding; an Opera, Lon., 
 1729, 8vo. 
 
 Hawker, Lieut.-Col. P., R.A. Instructions to 
 Young Sportsmen in all that relates to Guns and Shoot 
 ing, 2d ed., Lon., 1816, 8vo; 9th ed., 1844, 8vo. Amer. 
 ed. from the 9th Lon. ed., to which is added The Hunting 
 and Shooting of N. America, edited by W. T. Porter, 
 editor of the N. York Spirit of the Times, Phil., 1846, 8vo; 
 10th Lon. ed., 1854, 8vo. 
 
 " Colonel Hawker expounds the whole rationale of shooting with 
 clearness, fulness, and vivacity." Edin. Rev. 
 
 " Colonel Hawker is one of the best shots in England, and his 
 Instructions to Sportsmen the very best book we have on the 
 subject." Blackwootfs Magazine ; see xxi. Ill; xxviii. 311. 
 
 " Proves the writer to be the great gun in all matters which 
 concern the sports of the field." Lon. Lit. Gazette. 
 
 Hawker, Robert, 1753-1827, a Calvinistic divine, a 
 native of Exeter, Vicar of Charles-the-Martyr, Plymouth, 
 for fifty years, pub. many serms. and theolog. works, among 
 
HAW 
 
 HAW 
 
 the best-known of which are The Commentary on the Old 
 and N. Test,, 1816, 9 vols., 40 Parts, Svo; new ed., 1842, 
 3 vols. 4to : The Poor Man's Comment, on the N. Test, 
 1816, 4 vols. 12mo : The Poor Man's Comment, on the Old 
 Test, 1822, 6 vols.'l2mo ; Concord, and Diet to the Bible, 
 new ed., 1846, 12mo; Zion's Pilgrim, 15th ed., 1854, 18mo; 
 Poor Man's Morning and Evening Portion, new ed., 1855, 
 12mo. There are two vols. of selections from his Com 
 mentary on the Bible : Spiritual Reflections on the Seve 
 ral Chapters of Holy Scripture, 1845, p. 8vo. A collective 
 ed. of his Works, with a Memoir of his Life and Writings, 
 by the Rev. John Williams, D.D., of Stroud, was pub. in 
 1831, in 10 vols. 8vo, 4 4s. ; r. 8vo, 5 15s. &d. His 
 commentary is better suited for the closet than the library. 
 Mr. Bickersteth describes it as 
 
 "Calvinistic and full of the Saviour, but wanting in just cri 
 ticism." Christian Student. 
 
 "It was said of the celebrated commentators Cocceius and 
 Grotius, that the one found Christ everywhere, and the other 
 nowhere. Dr. Hawker is of the former school, and Jesus is the 
 name which he everywhere ' delighteth to honour.' He writes 
 with great modesty: the general design is good, and its tendency 
 excellent." DR. WILLIAMS. 
 
 The plan is as follows: 1. An introduction to every 
 book, and a table of contents to each chapter. 2. Re 
 ferences to other passages of Scripture, by way of illustra 
 tion, with occasional elucidations and remarks. 3. Reflec 
 tions at the close of each chapter, by way of improvement. 
 
 Hawkcs, W. R. Gaul, King of Ragah; a Tragic 
 Drama, 1813. 
 
 Hawkcs, Wm. Serms., Liverp., 1823, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " A man of deep reflection, and a very perspicuous and correct 
 writer." DR. SAML. PARR. 
 
 Hawkesbury, Lord, Earl of Liverpool. 1. Speech 
 in H. of C., Lon., 1800, 8vo. 2. Speech in H. of Lords, 
 1805. 
 
 HawkesAVOrth, Miss. Relics of Antiquity: forty- 
 eight Plates, with descrip., 1811. 
 
 Hawkesworth, John, LL.D., 1715 or '19-1773, a 
 native of London, is best known as the editor of The 
 Adventurer, (pub. Nov. 7, 1752- March 9, 1754,) and the 
 author of 70 or 72 of its 140 numbers. He was also a 
 contributor to the Gentleman's Magazine ; pub. some 
 Tales, Edgar and Emmeline, and Almoran and Hamet, 
 1761 ; edited Swift's Works and Letters, with his Life, 
 1765-66; pub. a trans, of Telemachus in 1768; wrote 
 Zimri, an excellent oratorio, and other plays; and in 
 1773 (3 vols. 4to) gave to the world an Account of the Voy 
 ages of Byron, Wallis, Cartaret, and Cook. By this last 
 publication, for which he was engaged by the Govern 
 ment, he gained 6000, not unalloyed by severe censure 
 for moral improprieties in his description of savage life, 
 for alleged nautical errors and scientific defects. Vol. i. 
 contains the voyages of Byron, Wallis, and Cartaret. 
 Captain Cook's first voyage occupies vol. ii. and iii. 
 They were trans, and pub. in German and French in the 
 following year. See COOK, CAPTAIN JAMES. He was an 
 imitator of Dr. Johnson, and in his youth was one of the 
 few pupils of which the doctor's school could boast He 
 was a zealous promoter of the interests of religion and 
 morality, and, we have reason to believe, deeply regretted 
 the faults for which his work on the Voyages of Byron, 
 Ac. was justly blamed. 
 
 As a writer he occupies the first rank among English 
 classical essayists. Dr. Johnson, in his Lives of the Eng 
 lish Poets, referring to Hawkesworth's Life of Swift, 
 characterizes the author as one 
 
 " Capable of dignifying his narrations with elegance of language 
 and force of sentiment." Life, of Swift. 
 
 The two biographies are thus contrasted by a diligent 
 student of English literature : 
 
 " Read Hawkesworth's Life of Swift ; of whose character and 
 conduct but an imperfect idea is given by the narrative of John 
 son. Hawkesworth is much more communicative and interest 
 ing ; and the minuteness and simplicity with which he details 
 the few but deplorable incidents of the last four years of Swift's 
 life are highly affecting. The circumstance of his struggling to 
 express himself, after a silence broken but once for more than a 
 year, and, finding all his efforts ineffectual, heaving a deep sigh, 
 quite cleaves the heart." Green's Diary of a Lover of Literature, 
 Ucc. ii) i7yo. 
 
 One of the ablest and most elegant critics in the lan 
 guage presents us with a most agreeable portrait of Dr. 
 Hawkesworth, from which we give a brief extract: 
 
 His imagination was fertile and brilliant, his diction pure, 
 
 elegant, and unaffected; his manners were polished and 
 
 affable, and his conversation has been described as uncommonly 
 fascinating, as combining instruction and entertainment with a 
 flow of words which, though unstudied, was yet concisely and 
 appropriately eloquent." Literary Life of Dr. Hawkesworth: Dr. 
 Drake's Essays, vol. T., q. v. 
 
 See also Sir John Hawkins's Life of Dr. Johnson ; Bos- 
 
 well's Life of Dr. Johnson ; Disraeli's Calamities of 
 Authors ; Dibdin's Lib. Comp. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ; 
 Gent Mag. ; Pref. to The Adventurer ; W. H. Prescott's 
 Miscellanies, ed. 1855, Bost, p. 529. 
 
 Hawkesworth, Richard, LL.D. Travels in South 
 America, 1799-1804; trans, from the French of Humboldt 
 and Bonpland, Lon., 1806, 8vo. M. de Bonpland died 
 1857, at the ripe age of 84. A letter of his, written to a 
 member of the Geographical Society at Paris, was read at 
 its meeting, May 5, 1856. 
 
 Hawkins, A. 1. Hist, of the Turkish Empire, 1300- 
 1740, from the French of Mignot, Lon., 1788, 4 vols. Svo. 
 2. The Works of Claudian, in English verse, 1817, 2 vols. 
 Svo. 
 
 "Claudian I recommend to your careful perusal, as properly 
 the first of the moderns, or, at least, the transitional link be 
 tween the Classic and the Gothic mode of thought.'' COLERIDGE. 
 
 3. On some Exotics; Trans. Hortic. Soc., 1815. 
 
 Hawkins, Caesar. Acct of S. Lee, Lon., 1754, Svo. 
 
 Hawkins, Sir Christopher. Observ. on the Tin 
 Trade of the Ancients in Cornwall, 1811, r. Svo. 
 
 Hawkins, Edward, D.D., Provost of Oriel College, 
 Preb. of Rochester and Ireland Professor. l.Unauthorita- 
 tive Tradition, Oxf., 1819, Svo. Reviewed in Lon. Quar. 
 Rev., xxi. 352. 2. Discourses on the Historical Scriptures 
 of the Old Test, 1833, Svo. 3. Serm., 1 Thess. v. 21, 
 1838, Svo. 4. Christian Truth ; 8 Bampton Lects. for 
 1840, 1840, Svo. 5. Serm., 2 Tim. i. 6, 7, 2d ed., Lon., 
 1842, Svo. 6. Serms. on the Church, 1847, 8vo. 7. In- 
 aug. Lect, 1848, Svo. 8. Serms. on Scriptural Types, 
 1851, Svo. 9. Psalms, Lessons, and Prayers, for every 
 Morning and Evening in the Week, 2d ed., 1855, 12mo. 
 
 Hawkins, Edward, Keeper of the Coins in British 
 Museum. Silver Coins of England, Lon., 1841, Svo. 
 
 Hawkins, Ernest, Preb. of St. Paul's, and Sec. to 
 the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. 1. Hist. 
 Notices of the C. of Eng. Missions to N. Amer. Colonies 
 previous to the Independence of the U. States, Lon., 1845. 
 This vol., which is of great historical interest, is composed 
 of the MS. Letters, Reports, <fcc. of the missionaries in 
 N. York, N. England, &c. to the Society for the Propaga 
 tion of the Gospel, now in their archives. 2. Annals of 
 the Colonial Church, 1847, fp. 8vo. 3. Annals of the 
 Diocese of Quebec, 1849, fp. Svo. 
 
 Hawkins, Francis. 1. Youths' Behaviour; from tho 
 French, Lon., 1646, 12mo; 1663, sm. Svo ; 9th impression, 
 1668, sm. Svo. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 2000. 2. Con 
 fession of E. Fitz-Harris, 1681, 4to. 3. Discourse with 
 do., 1681. 
 
 Hawkins, George. Female Education, Lon., 1781, 
 12mo. 
 
 Hawkins, Griffith. Arming Merchants' Vessels, 
 1812. 
 
 Hawkins, H. A Reform in Parliament the ruin of 
 Parliament, 1813, Svo. 
 
 Hawkins, Henry, and Hawkins, Lsetitia Ma 
 tilda, son and daughter of Sir John Hawkins, (1719- 
 1789.) Sermonets, Lon., 1814, Svo. 
 
 Hawkins, Henry. Warrants of Attorney, Lon., 
 1844, 12mo. 
 
 Hawkins, Isaac. Longitude at Sea, Lon., 1714, Svo. 
 
 Hawkins, Sir John, M.P., 1520 P-1595, an eminent 
 naval commander, distinguished himself in the prepara 
 tions made to confront the Spanish Armada, and made 
 several voyages to Spain, Portugal, the Canaries, <fcc. A 
 true Declaratio of the Troublesome Voyage (the second) 
 of Mr. John Hawkins to the partes of Guynea and the 
 West Indies, 1567 and '68, Lon., 1569, Svo. Also in the 
 first vols. of the Collections of Purchas and Churchill. 
 
 " If the result of English Embassies, having for their object 
 many things in common with those of the Portuguese, be a-t all a 
 topic which weighs with the Collector of Travels, let him form an 
 acquaintance with the text of Hawkins and Roe." Dibdin's Lib. 
 Comp. 
 
 Hawkins, John. His Serm. on Prov. i. 4, entitled 
 A Sallade for the Simple, Lon., 1595, Svo. 
 
 Hawkins, John. See HAWKINS, WILLIAM. 
 
 Hawkins, John, M.D. Discursus de Melancholia 
 Hypochondriaca, Heid., 1633, 4to. 
 
 Hawkins, John. The Key of Commerce, Lon., 
 1689, 4to. 
 
 Hawkins, John. Two Serms., Lon., 1725, Svo. 
 
 Hawkins, Sir John, 1719-1789, a descendant of the 
 eminent naval commander of the same name, was de 
 signed for his father's trade, house-building and survey 
 ing, but preferred the study of the law, and became an 
 attorney and solicitor. In 1749 he was admitted a member 
 of a club which originated with Mr. (afterwards Dr.) John- 
 
HAW 
 
 son, composed of nine members, and meeting on Tuesday 
 evenings at the King's Head, in Ivy-lane, near St. Paul's. 
 In 1753 he was married to Miss Sidney Storer ; and, having 
 thus come into the possession of a large fortune, he retired 
 from business, and devoted himself to literary pursuits 
 and magisterial duties. In 1760 he edited Walton's Com 
 plete Angler, with Notes, 1 vol. 8vo, and a Life; in 1761 
 he became Justice for the County of Middlesex; in 1763 
 he was elected one of the first members of The Literary 
 Club; in 1772 he was knighted; in 1773 and '78 he con 
 tributed some notes to Johnson's and Steevens's edit, of 
 Shakspeare ; in 1776 he pub., in 5 vols. 4to, his General 
 History of the Science and Practice of Music ; and in 
 1787 pub., in 11 vols. 8vo, an edit, of The Life and Works 
 of Dr. Johnson. He was highly valued by his distin 
 guished friend, drew up his will at his request, and con 
 sented to serve as one of his executors. Of Sir John's 
 principal work, to which he devoted the labour of sixteen 
 years, the History of Music, we have already had occa 
 sion to speak at length in our life of CHARLES BURNEY, 
 Mus. Doc., to which the reader is referred. Some inte 
 resting criticisms upon Sir John's History, impugning its 
 accuracy and judgment, will be found in the London 
 Athenaeum, 1849, 284, 338; 1854, 436; and in Black- 
 wood's Mag., 1830, 475-476. We have already stated- 
 see p. 300 that in 1819 Dr. Busby pub. a General History 
 of Music, abridged from the works of Burney and Haw 
 kins, in 2 vols. 8vo. Since we wrote Burney's life, a new 
 edit, of Sir John's work has appeared, with the author's 
 Posthumous Notes, Lon., 1854. This reprint is thus no 
 ticed by an eminent authority : 
 
 " Sir John's book, if it is to be consulted as an authority in 
 competition with Burney's, demands skilled and search ing editor 
 ship, and such verification of every statement as few possess 
 either sufficient time or knowledge to administer. No process of 
 the kind, it is needless to say, has been attempted with regard to 
 the present edition; and this makes the tone of panegyric or 
 apology in the preface unadvisable, as provoking comparison and 
 reply ,"Lon. Athenceum, 1854, 436. 
 
 As regards Sir John's Life and Works of Dr. Johnson, 
 the reader of Boswell and who is not? must receive 
 the censures of the latter on this publication cum grano 
 salis. A competent judge remarks in one of the first of 
 his many excellent annotations upon Boswell's Life of 
 Johnson : 
 
 " I will here observe, once for all, that Mr. Boswell is habitually 
 unjust to Sir J. Hawkins, whose Life of Johnson (published in 
 1787) is by no means so inaccurate or unsatisfactory as he repre 
 sents it. He borrowed largely from it, and it contains a great 
 deal of Johnsonian life which Mr. Boswell had not the opportunity 
 of seeing." JOHN WILSON CROKEK. 
 
 In early life Sir John was a contributor to the Gentle 
 man's Magazine, the Universal Spectator, and the West 
 minster Journal. In some of the essays thus contributed 
 the author favoured the public with specimens of hi; 
 poetical abilities. In addition to the works already no 
 ticed, he pub. Observations on the Highways, in 1763, 8vo 
 a Charge to a Grand Jury, in 1770, 8vo, and another Charg 
 to a General Jury, in 1780, 8vo, and a Dissertation on th 
 Armorial Ensigns of Middlesex and Westminster, in 1780 
 4to. For further information respecting Sir John Haw 
 kins, who was really a very respectable character both in 
 public and private life, we refer the reader to an interest 
 ing memoir in Chalmers's Biog. Diet., drawn up from 
 materials furnished by the deceased knight. See als< 
 Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting; Disraeli's Quarrels oJ 
 Authors; Gent. Mag., June, 1814, 551-553; July, 1814, 12 
 Hawkins, John. The Quina-Quina of Peru; Trans 
 Linn. Soc., 1794. 
 
 Hawkins, John. Machine for cutting Paper an 
 the Edges of Books ; Nic. Jour., 1806. 
 
 Hawkins, John. On Daniel, chap, ii., Lon.,1815,8vo 
 Hawkins, John Sidney, d. 1842, aged 85, eldes 
 son of Sir John Hawkins, and brother to Henry an 
 Lsetitia Matilda Hawkins. 1. Ruggles's Latin Comedy o 
 Ignoramus, Lon., 1787, 8vo ; best ed. 2. Rigaud's trans 
 of Da Vinci's Treatise on Painting, with a Life of D 
 Vinci by the editor, 1802, 8vo. 3. Observ. on Gothi 
 Architecture, 1813, r. 8vo. 4. An Inquiry into the Natur 
 and Principles of Thorough Bass, 1817, 8vo. 5. An In 
 quiry into the Nature and History of Greek and Lati 
 Poetry, 1817, 8vo. 6, 7. Two tracts in vindication o 
 himself against the charges of John Thomas Smith, 1807 
 8vo, and 1808, 8vo. 8. Contrib. to Carter's Antient Sculp 
 ture and Painting. 9. Con. to Schnebbelie's Antiquarie 
 Museum, 1791. 10. Con. to Gent. Mag., 1809-25. See 
 biographical notice of Mr. Hawkins in Gent. Mag., 1842 
 Pt. 2, 662-664; see also Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors 
 Gent Mag., June, 1814, 551-553 ; July, 1814, 12-13. 
 
 HAW 
 
 Hawkins, Miss Laetitia Matilda, a daughter of 
 ir John Hawkins, (1719-89.) 1. Siegwart; a Tale, from 
 he German, 1806, 3 vols. 12mo. 2. The Countess and 
 jrertrude ; a Nov., Lon., 1811, 4 vols. 8vo. 3. Rosanne, 
 814, 3 vols. 8vo. 4. Sermonets : see HAWKINS, HENRY. 
 . Anecdotes, 1823, 8vo. 6.Memoirs, Biographical Sketches, 
 Anecdotes, Ac., 1824, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 "An immense number of well-known personages are here 
 rought under review. It contains humour enough to fill a 
 ozen modern jest-books." 
 
 " This highly-amusing writer has observed no order of march, 
 ut has strung her pearls together as they came to hand, giving 
 ere an account of her Cither's neighbours in Twickenham, then 
 f his musical friends, now of these who visited at his table, and 
 hen of those who were met at the houses of friends : in short, it ' 
 xhibits a specimen of perfect gossiping." Goodhugh's Lib. Man. 
 "The redeeming genius of that family the genius which, like 
 he figure of the antients, bears wings on its shoulders and a 
 lame on its head must be a female !" ISAAC DISRAELI: Gent. 
 Mag., July, 1814, 12-13. See references at conclusion of the last 
 rticle. 
 
 Hawkins, Sir Richard, d. 1622, a son of Sir John 
 Hawkins, (1520 ?-1595,) like his father, distinguished him 
 self in the preparations made to confront the Spanish 
 Armada, and also made several voyages. 1. The Observa 
 tions of Sir Richard Hawkins, Knight, in his Voyage to 
 the South Sea, A.D. 1593, Lon., 1622, fol. See likewise 
 3allander's Voyages, ii. 3, 1766. 2. Discourse of the 
 Natural Excellence of England, 1658, 8vo. See Biog. 
 Brit. ; Prince's Worthies of Devon ; Bliss's Wood's Athen. 
 Oxon., ii. 367-373. 
 
 Hawkins, Robert. Life of G. Lateby, 1707, 8vo. 
 Hawkins, Sir Thomas. 1. Trans, of Odes of 
 Horace, Lon., 1631, 8vo. 2. Trans, from the French of 
 the Hist, of Sejanus, and of Philippa, Ac., 1639, 12mo. 
 
 Hawkins, Thomas. Origin of the English Drama 
 illustrated in its various species, viz. : Mystery, Morality, 
 Tragedy, and Comedy, by Specimens from our earliest 
 Writers. With Explan. Notes, Oxf., 1773, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 A catalogue of the contents of these vols. (also of Dods- 
 ley's Collection of Old Plays) will be found in Harris's 
 Cat. of the Royal Institution. 
 
 Hawkins, Thomas. Comment, upon the I., II., 
 and III. Epistles of St. John, Halifax and Lon., 1808, 8vo. 
 Hawkins, W. Life of Bishop Ken, Lon., 1713, 8vo. 
 Hawkins, W. B. The Whole Duty of Man ; a new 
 ed., revised and corrected, Lon., 1842, fp. 8vo. This ed. 
 contains an Introduction, endeavouring to throw some 
 light on the author, with notices of the various persons to 
 whom the authorship has been attributed. Amongst 
 others to whom this celebrated work has been ascribed 
 are Archbishops Sancroft and Frewen, Bishops Fell, 
 Chapel, and Atterbury, Lawrence Sterne, Abraham Wood- 
 head, Wm. Fulman, Richard Allestree, and Lady Dorothy 
 Pakington. The first ed. was pub., Lon., 1659, 12mo. 
 In English there have been many eds., and it has been 
 trans, into Latin, French, &c. A vol. entitled The Works 
 of the Author of the Whole Duty of Man was pub. in 
 1682, 2 vols. 12mo; 1684, '87, '95, 1704, '26, fol. Respect 
 ing the qucestio vexata of authorship, we must refer the 
 reader to Mr. Hawkins's Introduction, just noticed; Dr. 
 Lort's essay in Nichols's Lit. Anec., ii. 597-604; Dr. 
 Hickes's dedication of his Anglo-Saxon Grammar; Nash' a 
 Hist, of Worcestershire, i. 352; Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 620, 
 691; Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1942; Miller's Fly-Leaves, 
 1st Ser., 1854, 89 ; and the Lives of ALLESTREE, RICHARD, 
 D.D. ; FELL, JOHN, D.D., in this Dictionary. For a table 
 of the contents of the Works of the Author of the Whole 
 Duty of Man, see Darling's Cyc. Bibl., 3194. The ques 
 tion, perhaps, like the authorship of the ICON BASILIKE 
 and of the LETTERS OF JUNIUS, may still be considered 
 an open one : 
 
 " The author still remains undiscovered. Millions of his books 
 have been dispersed in the Christian world." Curiosities of 
 Literature. 
 
 Undoubtedly the merits both theological and literary 
 of The Whole Duty of Man are very great, although 
 as a divinity-treatise Mr. Bickersteth thinks it not unex 
 ceptionable : 
 
 " The Whole Duty of Man was a practical book to counteract 
 the Antinomians, and contains an impressive introduction on the 
 care of the soul ; the devotional part is full and useful, and it has 
 a good statement of relative duties, but it does not exhibit pro 
 minently the only principles and strength on which man can 
 perform them." 
 
 " Happy is the man that can form his style upon that of Arch 
 bishop Tillotson, and in plain, practical preaching upon the 
 rational, instructive, and familiar way of the Whole Duty of 
 Man." DEAN STANHOPE. 
 
 " The writer deserves to be numbered with Cowley as one of -the 
 earliest purifiers of English style from pedantry. After the lapse 
 of one hundred and seventy years they contain scarcely a word or 
 phrase which has become superannuated." JEdin. ^ ev - 
 
HAW 
 
 HAW 
 
 Hawkins, William. I.Apollo Shroving; a Comedy, 
 Lon., 12mo. Acted Feb. 6, 1626. In the index to War- 
 ton's Hist, of Eng. Poet., 1840, this is said to be by John 
 Hawkins ; but Lowndes correctly calls him William : see 
 his Bibl. Man., 886. 2. Corolla varia cantab., 1634, 12mo. 
 See Lowndes, ubi supra. 
 
 Hawkins, William, Sergeant-at-Law. 1. Abridgt. 
 of Coke's 1st Institute, Lon., 1711, 8vo. Anon. 8th ed., 
 by J. Rudall, 1822, 12mo. 2. Pleas of the Crown, 1716, 
 2 vols. fol. j 8th ed., by John Curwood, 1824, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 3. Summary of the Crown Law, 1728, 2 vols. 8vo. This is 
 an abridgt. of No. 2. 4. The Statutes at Large from 
 Magna Charta to 7th Geo. II., 1734-58, 6 vols. j and 3 vols. 
 of Supp., all fol. See 1 Cooper's Pub. Rec., 133 ; JJridg. 
 Leg. Bibl., 324; Brooke's Bib. Leg. Ang., 171. 
 
 Hawkins, William, d. 1801, aged 79, Fellow of 
 Pembroke Coll., Oxford, Poetry Professor in the Univ. of 
 Oxford, 1751; subsequently Preb. of Wells, Rector of 
 Casterton, Rutlandshire, and Vicar of White-Church, 
 Dorset. 1. Serm., Oxon., 1752, 8vo. 2. Serm., Lon., 1755, 
 4to. 3. Serm., 1756, 8vo. 4. Tracts in Divinity, Oxf., 
 1758, 8vo. 5. Dramatic and other Poems, 1758, 8vo. 6. 
 Prselectiones Poeticae, 1758, 8vo. 7. The JEneid of Virgil 
 in Eng. Blank Verse, Lon., 1764, 8vo. 8. Serm., Oxon., 
 1768, 8vo. 9. Two Serms., Lon., 1773, 8vo. 10. Dis 
 course on Scripture Mysteries : 8 Serms. at Bampton 
 Lect, 1787, Oxf., 1787, 8vo. 
 
 " His erudition and labour demand our commendation. The 
 annotations are useful to illustrate many passages which, from 
 the nature of the composition, would not admit of particular ex 
 tracts or more minute criticisms. They display much learning, 
 and an intimate acquaintance with the subject/' Lon. Critical 
 Review. 
 
 11. His Works, Lon., 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Hawkins, William. Poems, 1787, 8vo. 
 
 Hawkins, William. Serm., Lon., 1827, 8vo. 
 
 Hawkridge, John. Fevers, Lon., 1764, 8vo. 
 
 Hawks, Miss, now Mrs. B. Gardel. Conversa 
 tions on Italy, in English and French, Phila. 
 
 Hawks, Francis Lister, D.D., LL.D., one of the 
 most eminent of living pulpit orators, was born at New- 
 bern, North Carolina, June 10, 1798. He graduated at 
 the University of North Carolina in 1815, and commenced 
 the practice of the law in 1819 ; was elected to the Legis 
 lature of his native State in 1821 ; ordained a minister of 
 the Episcopal Church in 1827 ; became assistant minister 
 of St. James's Church, Philadelphia, in 1829; Rector of 
 St. Stephen's Church, New York, in 1830; Rector of St. 
 Thomas's Church, New York, 1832-43 ; elected, by the 
 General Convention of the Episcopal Church, Missionary 
 Bishop of the South and Southwest in 1835, but de 
 clined the office; removed to Mississippi in 1843, and 
 elected bishop of that diocese in 1844, but not conse 
 crated, in consequence of some intervening difficulties; 
 Rector of Christ Church, New Orleans, 1844-49; Rector 
 of Calvary Church, New York, 1849, to the present date, 
 1858. Since his last removal to New York, Dr. Hawks 
 had declined (about 1853) the bishopric of Rhode Island. 
 
 1. Reports of Cases adjudged in the Supremo Ct. of N. 
 Carolina, 1820-26, Raleigh, 1823-28, 4 vols. 8vo. The 
 first 248 pages of vol. i. were reported by Thomas Ruffin. 
 2. Digest of all the Cases Decided and Reported in N. 
 Carolina, 8vo. 3. Contrib. to the Ecclesiastical Hist, of 
 the U. States : I. Hist, of the Prot. Epis. Church in Vir 
 ginia, N. York, 1836, 8vo ; II. Hist, of the Prot. Epis. 
 Church in Maryland, 1839, 8vo ; III. Commentary on 
 the Constitution and Canons of the Prot. Epis. Church in 
 the U. States, 1841, 8vo. 4. Egypt and its Monuments ; 
 or, Egypt a Witness for the Bible, 1849, 8vo and 12rno. 
 The reader should add to this vol. Journal of a Voyage 
 up the Nile in 1848-49, by an American. 5. Auricular 
 Confession in the Prot. Epis. Church, 1850, 12mo. 6. Trans, 
 from the Spanish of Rivero and Tschudi's Antiq. of Peru, 
 1854. 7. The Romance of Biography, illustrated in the 
 Lives of Historic Personages ; edited by F. L. Hawks. In 
 12mo vols.: I. Richard the Lion-Hearted, 1855; II. Oliver 
 Cromwell, 1855. 8. The Cyclopaedia of Biography, based 
 upon Griffin's Cyclopaedia of Biography, edited by Mr. 
 Ehhu Rich, and pub. by Griffin & Co., London and Glas 
 gow, 1854. Amer. ed., edited by F. L. Hawks, N. York, 
 1856, r. 8vo. 9. Narrative of Commodore Perry's Expedi 
 tion to the China Seas and Japan in 1852-54 ; compiled 
 from Perry's original Notes and Journals, by F. L. Hawks, 
 1856, 4to and 8vo. See N. Amer. Rev., April, 1856, 659- 
 562; July, 1856, 233-260. 10. A Physical Geography of the 
 United States, announced for 1859. Dr. Hawks has edited 
 severals vols. of natural history and American annals nub 
 IN 
 
 in Harper's Boys' and Girls' Library under the title of Uncle 
 Philip's Conversations ; has contributed to the Protestant 
 Episcopalian of Philadelphia, 1830-31; to the New York 
 Review, (established by him in 1837, and pub. until 1843;) 
 to the Church Record, pub. 1840-42 ; to Arcturus, a Jour 
 nal of Books and Opinions ; and to Putnam's Monthly 
 Magazine. He also edited the Official and other State 
 Papers of the late Major-General Alexander Hamilton, 
 1842, 8vo.' In the early political annals of the country 
 Dr. Hawks is peculiarly at home, and perhaps some of his 
 best compositions will be found in the historical articles 
 contributed to the New York Review. We should not 
 omit to add that this eloquent divine and lucid historian 
 possesses also some claims to the bays of the poet. Dr. 
 Hawks has been engaged for several years in the prepara 
 tion of a work on the Monuments of Central and Western 
 America, which will doubtless prove a valuable contribu 
 tion to a most interesting department of antiquarian 
 research. An occasional hour snatched from professional 
 duties is devoted to the laborious task of a History of 
 North Carolina, a subject which has long engaged the 
 anxious interest of the author. Vol. i., 1584-91, was pub 
 1857, 8vo. 
 
 Hawkshead, James. On Wills, Lon., 1826, 8vo. 
 See Hoffman's Leg. Stu., 274. 
 
 Hawkshaw, John. Reminiscences of South Ame 
 rica, Lon., 1838, fp. 8vo. 
 
 Hawksley, John. Serm., 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Hawksmoor, Nicholas, 1666-3736, an eminent 
 architect. An Hist. Account of London Bridge, Lon., 
 1736, '38, 4to. See Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting; 
 Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Hawkyns, George. Serras., Lon., 1731, '44, both 4to. 
 
 Hawles, John, 1645-1716, an English lawyer, a 
 native of Salisbury. 1. Grand Juryman's Oath and Office 
 Explained, Lon., 1680, 4to. Anon. Pub. in 1770, 12mo, 
 under the title of The Englishman's Right, &c. 2. Trial 
 of E. Fitzharris, <fcc., 1 689, fol. 3. Magistracy of England, 
 Ac., 1689, fol. 
 
 Hawley, Gideon, d. 1807, aged 80, many years a 
 missionary to the Indians, stationed at Marshpee, Mass., 
 pub. some interesting biographical and topographical 
 matter in the Hist. Collec. of Mass. : see iii. 188-193 ; 
 iv. 50-67. 
 
 Haworth, Adrian, of Cottenham, near Beverley, 
 Yorkshire. 1. Observ. on the Genus Mesembryanthe- 
 mum, Lon., 1794, 8vo, 2 Pts. 2. Lepidoptera Britannica, 
 1803-28, 8vo, 4 Pts. A work of great value, seldom found 
 complete. 3. Synopsis Plantarum Succulentarum, 1812, 
 8vo; 1819, cr. 8vo. 4. Saxifragearum Enumeratio, 1821, 
 cr. 8vo. 5. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1799, 1801. 6. Con. 
 to Trans. Hortic. Soc., 1815. 
 
 Haworth, Samuel, M.D. 1. Anatomy of Man's 
 Soul and Body, Lon., 1680, 8vo. 2. Curing Consumptions, 
 1682, 12mo ; 1683, 8vo. 3. A Descrip. of the Dukes Bagnio 
 and Mineral Bath, and new Spaw, Lon., 1683, 12mo. 
 
 Haworth, Wm. Hartford Quakers, 1676, 4to. 
 
 Hawtayne, Wm., Rector of Datchworth, Herts. 1. 
 Serm., 1714, 8vo. 2. Serm., 1716, 8vo. 
 
 Hawtayne, Wm., Rector of Ellstree, Herts. 1. XXI. 
 Serms., 1792, 8vo. 
 
 " The subjects are of an interesting and important nature. The 
 style is, on the whole, easy and agreeable." Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 2. XXXI. Serms., 1813, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Hawthorn, John, Light Dragoon in the Inniskilling 
 Regiment. Poems, Lon., 1779, 4to. 
 
 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, a popular American writer, 
 was born at Salem, Massachusetts, about 1807, and gra 
 duated at Bowdoin College, Maine, in 1825. His earliest 
 volume was an anonymous romance, pub. in Boston in 
 1832. This work he has never thought proper to claim, 
 though doubtless, if it could be identified by the public, 
 it would be read with great interest and no little curiosity. 
 In 1837 he pub. his Twice-Told Tales; and in 1842 he 
 gave to the world a second series, and a new edit, of the 
 first. A number of these sketches had originally made 
 arance in The Token, an annual edited by S. 
 
 G. Goodrich, and in other periodicals. The title Twice- 
 Told Tales was therefore no misnomer. In 1845 he edited 
 The Journal of an African Cruiser, from the MS. of Mr. 
 Horatio Bridge, of the U. S. Navy. In 1846 he pub. a 
 third collection of magazine-papers, under the title of 
 Mosses from an Old Manse. In the Introduction to this 
 work will be found some interesting autobiographical 
 sketches, to which we must refer the reader for informa 
 tion which our narrow limits exclude. In 1843 he became 
 an occupant of the Old Manse in Concord, where he re- 
 
HAW 
 
 sided for three years, passing his hours in literary leisure, 
 and in the composition of some of his most charming 
 sketches. In 1846 he received the appointment of Sur 
 veyor in the Custom-House at Salem, which post he re 
 tained for about a twelvemonth, when a change of admi 
 nistration that grand evil of American politics vacated 
 a desk the duties of which had been as faithfully dis 
 charged as if the 
 
 " Ingenious dreamer, in whose well-told tale 
 
 Sweet fiction and sweet truth alike prevail," 
 had been the most practical and every-day character ever 
 venerated by a merchant or worshipped by a politician. 
 
 In 1850 he pub. The Scarlet Letter, a romance of in 
 tense interest, and exhibiting extraordinary powers of 
 mental analysis and graphic description. This was suc 
 ceeded in 1851 by The House of the Seven Gables, one of 
 the most popular of his productions, and in 1852 by The 
 Blithedale Romance, a novel founded upon his experience 
 as a member of The Brook Farm Community. Mr. Haw 
 thorne has also pub. another selection from his contribu 
 tions to magazines and annuals, entitled The Snow Image, 
 and other Twice-Told Tales, and several vols. for the 
 Young : Grandfather's Chair, True Stories from History 
 and Biography, (1851,) The Wonder-Book, for Girls and 
 Boys, (1851,) and Tanglewood Tales, for Girls and Boys, 
 (1853.) A new ed. of Mosses from an Old Manse was issued 
 in 1854, 2 vols. 12mo, and a new ed. of Twice-Told Tales 
 in 1855, 2 vols. 16mo. 
 
 We should not omit to mention, among Mr. Hawthorne's 
 literary labours, his Life of His Excellency Franklin 
 Pierce, President of the United States, pub. in 1852, 16mo. 
 In 1853 Mr. Hawthorne was appointed by President Pierce 
 American Consul at Liverpool, which post he occupied 
 untill 1857. 
 
 We have many reviews before us of Mr. Hawthorne's 
 productions, but our limits oblige us to be brief in cita- 
 - tions. The generous enthusiasm with which the advent of 
 the rising star was hailed by a brother poet (we use the 
 term advisedly) will be perused at this day twenty years 
 later with no little interest : 
 
 " When a new star rises in the heavens, people gaze after it for 
 a season with the naked eye, and with such telescopes as they may 
 find. In the stream of thought which flows so peacefully deep 
 and clear through the pages of this book, we see the bright reflec 
 tion of a spiritual star after which men will be fain to gaze ' with 
 the naked eye, and with the spy-glass of criticism.' This star is 
 but newly risen ; and ere long the observations of numerous star- 
 gazers, perched up on arm-chairs and editors' tables, will inform 
 the world of its magnitude and its place in the heaven of poetry, 
 whether it be in the paw of the Great Bear, or on the forehead of 
 Pegasus, or on the strings of the Lyre, or in the wing of the Eagle. 
 Our own observations are as follows : To this little work we would 
 
 HAW 
 
 as Dickens." HENRY T. TUCKERM AN : The Prose Poet; Nathanid 
 Hawthorne, in Mental Portraits, Lon., 1853. 
 
 " The frivolous costume and brisk action of the story of fashion 
 able life are easily depicted by the practised sketcher ; but a work 
 Like The Scarlet Letter comes slowly upon the canvas, where 
 passions are commingled and overlaid with the deliberate and 
 masterly elaboration with which the grandest effects are produced 
 in pictorial composition and coloring. It is a distinction of such 
 works that, while they are acceptable to the many, they also sur 
 prise and delight the few who appreciate the nicest arrangement 
 and the most high and careful finish. The Scarlet Letter will 
 challenge consideration, in the name of Art, in the best audience 
 which in any age receives Cervantes, Le Sage, or Scott." Da. 
 RUFUS W. GRISWOLD : International Mag., May, 1851. 
 
 "No one who has taken up the Scarlet Letter will willingly lay 
 it down till he has finished it; and he will do well not to pause, 
 for he cannot resume the story where he left it. He should give 
 himself up to the magic power of the style, without stopping to 
 open wide the eyes of his good sense and judgment and shake 
 off the spell ; or half the weird beauty will disappear like a < dis 
 solving view.' To-be-sure, when he closes the book, he will feel 
 very much like the giddy and bewildered patient who is just 
 awaking from his first experiment of the effects of sulphuric ether. 
 The soul has been floating or flying between earth and heaven, 
 with dim ideas of pain and pleasure strangely mingled, and all 
 things earthly swimming dizzily and dreamily, yet most beauti 
 ful, before the half-shut eye." N. Amer. Rev., July, 1850, Ixxi. 
 135-148. 
 
 " The Scarlet Letter glows with the fire of a suppressed, secret, 
 feverish excitement : it is not the glow of natural life, but the 
 hectic of disease, which burns upon the cheeks of its actors. . . . 
 The whole sky and air are tropical ; and, instead of the gentle 
 monotony of ordinary existence, its long, wearing, languid sor 
 rows, its vulgar meanness and sleep, we have a perpetual strain 
 of excitement, a fire that neither wanes nor lessens, but keeps at 
 its original scorching heat for years." Modern Novelists, Great and 
 Small, in Blackwood's Mag., May, 1855. 
 
 " We are by no means satisfied that passions and tragedies like 
 these are the legitimate subjects for fictions : we are satisfied that 
 novels such as Adam Blair, and plays such as The Stranger, 
 may be justly charged with attracting more persons than they 
 warn by their excitement. But if Sin and Sorrow in their most 
 fearful forms are to be presented in any work of art, they have 
 rarely been treated with a loftier severity, purity, and sympathy, 
 than in Mr. Hawthorne's Scarlet Letter. The touch of the fan 
 tastic befitting a period of society in which ignorant and excitable 
 human creatures conceived each other and themselves to be under 
 the direct ' rule and governance' of the Wicked One is most skil 
 fully administered. The supernatural here never becomes grossly 
 palpable : the thrill is all the deeper for its action being indefinite 
 and its source vague and distant." Lon. Athenceum, June 15, 1850, 
 p. 631. 
 
 Notices of the HOUSE OF THE SEVEN GABLES: 
 "The scenery, tone, and personages of the story are imbued 
 with a local authenticity which is not for an instant impaired by 
 the imaginative charm of romance. We seem to breathe, as we 
 read, the air, and be surrounded by the familiar objects, of a New 
 England town. . . . We may add that the same pure, even, unex- 
 aggerated, and perspicuous style of diction that we have recognised 
 in his previous writing is maintained in this." HENRY T. TUCKER- 
 
 say, < Live ever, sweet, sweet book.' ' It comes from the hand of a | AN: e Prose Poet: Nathaniel Hawthorne, in Mental Portraits, 
 man of genius. Every thing about it has the freshness of morn- Lon., 185<3. 
 
 " It is not less original, not less striking, not less powerful, than 
 
 ing and of May. These flowers and green leaves of poetry have 
 not the dust of the highway upon them. They have been gathered 
 fresh from the secret places of a peaceful and gentle heart. There 
 flow deep waters, silent, calm and cool ; and the green leaves look 
 into them and ' God's blue heaven.' The book, though in prose, 
 is nevertheless written by a poet. He looks upon all things in the 
 spirit of love, and with lively sympathies ; for to him external 
 form is but the representation of internal being, all things having 
 a life, an end and aim." HENRY W. LONGFELLOW : Review of Twice- 
 Told Tales, 1837, 12mo, pp. 434, in N. Amer. Rev.. July, 1837, xlv. 
 69-73. 
 
 Miss Mitford, after a hasty review of the writings of 
 Irving, Cooper, Ware, and Dr. Bird, remarks : , 
 
 "These excellent writers have been long before the public; but 
 a new star has lately sprung into light in the Western horizon, 
 who in a totally different manner and nothing is more remark 
 able among all these American novelists than their utter difference 
 from each other will hardly fail to cast a bright illumination 
 over both hemispheres. It is hardly two years since Mr. Haw 
 thorne, until then known only by one or two of those little vo 
 lumes which the sagacious hold as promises of future excellence, 
 put forth that singular book, The Scarlet Letter, apropos to which, 
 Dr. Holmes, who so well knows the value of words, uses this sig 
 nificant expression : 
 
 " * 1 snatch the book, along whose burning leaves 
 
 His scarlet web our wild romancer weaves.' 
 "And it is the very word. We do snatch the book ; and, until 
 we have got to the end, very few of us, I apprehend, have suffi 
 cient strength of will to lay it down. . . . Scarcely a twelvemonth 
 has passed, and another New England story The House with the 
 Seven Gables has come to redeem the pledge of excellence given 
 by the first." Recollections of a Literary Life: American Prose 
 Writers, Lon., 1852. 
 
 Notices of THE SCARLET LETTER : 
 
 " With all the care in point of style and authenticity which 
 mark his lighter sketches, this genuine and unique romance may 
 be considered as an artistic exposition of Puritanism as modified 
 by New England colonial life. In truth to costume, local man 
 ners, and scenic features, the Scarlet Letter is as reliable as the 
 best of Scott's novels ; in the anatomy of human passion and con 
 sciousness it resembles the most effective of Balzac's illustrations 
 of Parisian or provincial life ; while in developing bravely and 
 justly the sentiment of the life it depicts, it is as true to humanity 
 
 the Scarlet Letter. We doubt, indeed, whether he has elsewhere 
 surpassed either of the three strongly-contrasted characters of the 
 book. . . . The House of the Seven Gables is the purest piece of 
 imagination in our prose literature." RUFUS W. GRISWOLD : Inter 
 national Mag., May, 1851. 
 
 "The successive scenes of this bold and startling fiction are 
 portrayed with a vividness and power unsurpassed, and rarely 
 equalled. The terrible Nemesis that waits on the extortion of the 
 ancestor, and pursues the wages of his iniquity till the injured 
 family receives its own again, reminds one of the inexorable fate 
 of the Greek tragedy; and, in describing the successive footfalls 
 of the angelflf retribution in that ill-starred mansion, the author 
 rises into a fearful sublimity worthy of the theme. In other por 
 tions the narrative is sprightly, quaint and droll, the dialogues 
 seldom otherwise than natural and well managed, (though the 
 daguerreotypist talks more than anybody but Phoebe could care 
 to hear,) and the denouement free, for the most part, from abrupt 
 ness an d improbability. To many readers the book has an addi 
 tional charm from its truth in numberless minutiae to life, speech, 
 manners, and appearances, as they were in and about Salem thirty 
 years ago. We should have recognised the locality under any dis 
 guise whatever of names or pretexts." N. Amer. Rev., Jan. 1853, 
 Ixxvi. 227-237. Read also the review of The Blithedale Romance, 
 in same article, pp. 237-248. 
 
 It would be difficult to deny the gift of poetic insight' to this 
 mixture of admirable detail with something at once higher and 
 deeper. Balzac, the great novelist of modern France, known only 
 to those among us who thoroughly possess his language, (for he is 
 untranslated and untranslatable,) has in certain romances of pro 
 vincial life the same perfection of Dutch painting and of homely 
 tragedy. But Mr. Hawthorne is free from Balzac's scoff." Miss 
 Mitfortfs Recollections of a Literary Life: American Prose Writers, 
 Lon., 1852. 
 
 " The House of Seven Gables is not less remarkable nor less un 
 wholesome than its predecessor. The affectation of extreme home 
 liness and commonplace in the external circumstances, and the 
 mystery and secret of the family with which these circumstances 
 are interwoven, is very effective in its way ; and if it were not that 
 its horrors and its wonders are protracted into tedious long- 
 windedness, we would be disposed to admire the power with which 
 these figures were posed and these situations made. . . . For it is 
 no particular gratification for us to know how Mr. Hawthorne 
 studies his subjects, how he sets them in different Itets like a 
 
HAW 
 
 HAY 
 
 child with a new toy, and gets new glimpses of their character 
 and capabilities: we want the result, and not the process; the 
 story completed, but not the photographs from which it is to be 
 made.'' Modem Novelists, Great and Small, in Elackwood's Mag., 
 May, 1855. 
 
 In this article will be found an extended notice of Mr. 
 Hawthorne's characteristics as a writer of fiction, and par 
 ticular notices of his principal works. The characteristics 
 referred to are thus happily delineated by four of Mr. Haw 
 thorne's countrymen, each of whom has earned a right to 
 a respectful hearing in the discussion of a question of lite 
 rary criticism: 
 
 " It may safely be asserted that by virtue of his individuality 
 every author and artist of genius creates a peculiar mood, differing 
 somewhat according to the character of the recipients, yet essen 
 tially the same. If we were obliged to designate that of Hawthorne 
 in a single word, we should call it metaphysical, or perhaps soulful. 
 He always takes us below the surface and beyond the material ; 
 his most inartificial stories are eminently suggestive ; he makes us 
 breathe the air of contemplation, and turn our eyes inward. . . . 
 His utterance, too, is singularly clear and simple; his style only 
 rises above the colloquial in the sustained order of its flow ; the 
 terms are apt, natural, and fitly chosen. Indeed, a careless reader 
 is liable continually to lose sight of his meaning and beauty, from 
 the entire absence of pretension in his style." HENRY T. TUCKER- 
 MAN : Mental Portraits : Nathaniel Hawthorne, Lon., 1853. 
 
 " The characteristics of Hawthorne which first arrest the atten 
 tion are imagination and reflection ; and these are exhibited in 
 remarkable power and activity in tales and essays of which the 
 style is distinguished for great simplicity, purity, and tranquillity. 
 .... His style is studded with the most poetical imagery, and 
 marked in every part with the happiest graces of expression, while 
 it is calm, chaste, and flowing, and transparent as water." RUFUS 
 W. GRISWOLD: Prose Writers of America, 4th ed., Phila., 1852. 
 
 "And here, though we cannot do him justice, let us remember 
 the name of Nathaniel Hawthorne, deserving a place second to 
 none in that band of humorists whose beautiful depth of cheerful 
 feeling is the very poetry of mirth. In ease, grace, delicate sharp 
 ness of satire, in a felicity of touch which often surpasses the 
 felicity of Addison, in a subtlety of insight which often reaches 
 further than the subtlety of Steele, the humor of Hawthorne 
 presents traits so fine as to be almost too excellent for popularity, 
 as, to every one who has attempted their criticism, they are too 
 refined for statement. The brilliant atoms flit, hover, and glance 
 before our minds, but the remote sources of their ethereal light lie 
 beyond our analysis, 
 
 ' And no speed of ours avails 
 To hunt upon their shining trails.' " 
 
 EDWIN P. WHIPPLE : Lectures on Subjects connected with Literature 
 and Life: The Ludicrous Side of Life, 3d ed., Boston, 1852. 
 " Another characteristic of this writer is the exceeding beauty 
 of his style. It is clear as running waters are. Indeed, he uses 
 words merely as stepping-stones, upon which, with a free and 
 youthful bound, his spirit crosses and re-crosses the bright and 
 rushing stream of thought. Some writers of the present day have 
 introduced a kind of Gothic architecture into their style. All is 
 fantastic, vast and wondrous in the outward form, and within is 
 mysterious twilight, and the swelling sound of an organ, and a 
 Toice chanting hymns in Latin, which need a translation for many 
 of the crowd. To this we do not object. Let the priest chant in 
 what language he will, so long as he understands his own mass- 
 book. But if he wishes the world to listen and be edified, he will 
 do well to choose a language that is generally understood." HENRY 
 W. LONGFELLOW : N. American Review, xlv. 63-64. 
 
 Those who possess a set of the Democratic Review will 
 find many of Hawthorne's Tales and Sketches scattered 
 through its vols. See ii. 129, 360 ; iii. 18, 321 ; v. 51 ; xii. 
 146,255,360,515,604; xiii. 85, 186, 627; xiv. 78, 269, 605; 
 xv. 33, 454, 545; xvi. 337; xviii. 31, 97, 360, 457. 
 
 An interesting biographical sketch of Hawthorne, by 
 George William Curtis, accompanied with a representation 
 of the ' Old Manse' in Concord, made so famous by Haw 
 thorne's inhabitation, will be found in The Homes of Ame 
 rican Authors. Mr. James T. Fields, of Boston, induced 
 Mr. Hawthorne to give to the world The Scarlet Letter. 
 
 See also, respecting Hawthorne's characteristics as an 
 author, Edgar A. Poe's Literati ; Tuckerman's Sketch of 
 American Literature; and the following critiques, in addi 
 tion to the many already referred to : by C. W. Webber, 
 Amer. Whig Review, iv. 296; by S. W. S. Button, New 
 Englander, v. 56 ; by A. P. Peabody, Chris. Exam. xxv. 182 ; 
 and see articles in Democratic Review, xvi. 376 ; Brownson's 
 Quar. Rev., 2d S., iv. 528, vi. 561 ; Knickerbocker, xxxvii. 
 455; Church Review, iii. 489; Living Age, xxv. 203. 
 Hawtrey, Charles. Serms., Oxf., 1797, 8vo. 
 Hawtrey, Charles S. Serms. Ac., Lon., 1792-1817. 
 Hawtrey, Montagu. Sponsors, Lon., 1840", sm. 8vo. 
 Hawys, John, M.D. Oratio Anniversaria in Theatre 
 Coll. Reg. Med. Lond. habita, Lon., 1722, 4to. 
 Haxby, John, M.D. Con. to Annals of Med., 1799. 
 Hay, Alexander. Tyrocinium Pharmaceuticum 
 Edin., 1697, 12mo. 
 
 Hay, Alexander. Hist, of Chichester, 1805, 8vo. 
 Hay, Charles. Descrip. of a Roman Hypocaust near 
 Brecknock ; Archseol., 1785. 
 
 Hay, David Ramsay, b. 1798, in Edinburgh, Deco 
 rative Painter to the Queen, Edinburgh, an eminent au 
 
 ,hority upon the departments of art which have employed 
 ris pen, pencil, and brush. For an interesting sketch of Mr. 
 Hay's life, see Knight's Eng.Cyc., Div. Biog., vol. iii. 1. Har 
 mony of Form, Edin., 1842, r. 4to. 2. Proportion; or, the 
 Greometric Principle of Beauty Analyzed, 1843, r. 4to. 3. 
 5rnainental Design as applied to Decorative Art, 1845, ob. 
 Ebl. 4. Laws of Harmonious Colouring, 6th ed., 1847, 12mo. 
 5. Nomenclature of Colours, Hues, Tints, and Shades, 3d 
 ed., 1845, '46, '55, 8vo. 6. The Principles of Beauty in Co 
 louring systematized, 1846, '6*3, p. 8vo. 7. First Principles 
 of Symmetrical Beauty, 1846, p. 8vo. 8. Science of Pro 
 portions of the Human Head and Countenance, 1849, 4to. 
 . Geometric Beauty of the Human Figure Defined, 1851, 
 4to. 10. Natural Principles of Beauty as developed in the 
 Human Figure, 1852, r. 8vo. 11. The Orthographic Beauty 
 of the Parthenon, 1853, r. 8vo. 12. The Harmonic Law of 
 Nature Applied to Architectural Design, 1855. 13. The 
 Science of Beauty, as Developed in Nature and Applied in 
 Art, 1856. In the absence of space to quote commenda 
 tions of Mr. Hay's works, we must be content to refer the 
 reader to the Edin. Rev. for Oct. 1843 ; the Britannia, Dec. 
 6, 1845 ; the Lon. Spec., Dec. 6, 1845 ; the Lon. Athen., Jan. 
 17, 1846, April 19, 1856 ; and letters of Sir Wm. Hamilton, 
 March 5, 1849, and Prof. John Goodsir, April 17, 1849. 
 
 Hay, Edward. 1. Hist, of the Insurrection of the 
 County of Wexford in 1798, Dubl., 1803, 8vo. Of consi 
 derable value. 2. Speech of John Keagh, 1807, 8vo. 3. 
 Debates in both H. of Parl., April, 1812, on the R. Catholic 
 Question, 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Hay, George. The Confutation of the Abbote of 
 Crosraguel's Masse, Edin., 1563, 4to. 
 
 " On the back of the title-page is an Epistle by the Printer to 
 the Reader, apologizing for his want of Greek characters, which he 
 was obliged to supply by manuscript; so late was it before the 
 Greek types were introduced at Edinburgh ." Watt's BiU. Brit. 
 Hay, Judge George, of Virginia, d. 1830, wrote a 
 treatise on Expatriation, 1814, a treatise against the Usury 
 Laws, the Life of John Thompson, and a number of poli 
 tical essays, signed Hortensius. 
 
 Hay, George, D.D. 1. The Devout Christian In 
 structed, 2 vols. 32mo. 2. The Sincere Christian Instructed, 
 2 vols. 32mo. 3. The Pious Christian Instructed, 12mo. 
 Hay, John. Theolog. treatises, 1580-1605. 
 Hay, John. Speach to Jas. I., Edin., 1617, 4to. 
 Hay, J. B. Lords-Rectors' Addresses in Glasgow 
 College, Lon., 1839, sup. r. 8vo. 
 
 Hay, John H. Drummond. Morocco and the 
 Moors : Western Barbary, its Wild Tribes, Ac., Lon., 1844, 
 12mo. 
 
 " Here is an original and very readable book of travels and ad 
 ventures. Mr. Sorrow's relish for the Gipsy slang was not greater 
 than Mr. Hay's for the romantic Arab exaggeration." London 
 Examiner. 
 
 Hay, Mrs. H. H. The Rural Enthusiasts, and other 
 Poems, Lon., 1808, 12mo. 
 
 Hay, Sir Leith, Major, R.A. Narrative of the 
 Peninsular War, Edin. and Lon., 1831, 2 vols. 12mo. 4th 
 ed., 1850, 8vo. 
 
 " The only fault of Major Hay's narrative is that it has come 
 out two or three years too late." Lon. Mrmth. Rev., May, 1831. 
 Hay, Peter. Theolog. and Polit. Treatises, 1616-27. 
 Hay, Richard. 1. Origin of the Royal Family of the 
 Stuarts, Edin., 1722, 4to. 2. Vindication of Elizabeth 
 Moore, 1723, 4to. 
 
 Hay, Richard Augustin, Prior of St. Pieremont, 
 Ac. Genealogie of the Hayes of Tweeddale, Ac. Edited 
 by J. Maidment, Lon., 1835, sm. 4to and 4to. 120 copies 
 printed. 
 
 Hay, Romanns. 1. Astrum Inextinctum, 1636. 2. 
 Aula Ecclesiastica, Ac., Francf., 1648, 4to. 
 
 Hay, Thomas, D.D. Serms., Lon., 1793-99, all 4to. 
 
 Hay, Wm., 1700 P-1755, M.P. for Seaford, 1734-55. 
 
 1. Civil Government, 1728. 2. Mount Caburn; a Poem, 
 
 1730. 3. Poor Laws, 1735, '51. 4. Religio Philosophi, 1753, 
 
 '60, 8vo. 5. Essay on Deformity, 1754, 8vo. 
 
 " Among 558 Gentlemen in the House of Commons, I am the 
 only one that is deformed." Page 13. 
 
 6. Trans, of Hawkins Browne's De Immortalitate Animae 
 into English verse, 1754, 4to. 7. Trans, of Epigrams of 
 Martial, 1755. 8. Works, pub. by his daughter, with hia 
 Life, 1794, 2 vols. 4to. Hay was an author of consider 
 able merit. 
 
 Hayden, Mrs. C. A., of Boston. Carrie Emerson ; 
 or, Life at Cliftonville, Bost., 1855, 12mo. Mrs. H. has 
 pub. some prose and poetical essays which have been 
 highly commended. 
 
 Hayden, Horace, M.D., an American author. Geo 
 logical Essays, 1820, 8vo. See Blackwood's Mag., xvi. 
 420; xvii. 56. 
 
HAY 
 
 HAY 
 
 Hayden, John, Archdeacon of Surrey. Memoir of | 
 Rev. Alex. Ross, and a Selection of his Serms., Lon., 1853, 
 8vo. 
 
 Haydn, Joseph, d. 1856, at London. 1. Dictionary 
 of Dates and Universal Reference, relating to all Ages and 
 Nations; 6th ed., Lon., 1853, 8vo. 
 
 "Of extraordinary value for well-arranged information upon al 
 most every subject of inquiry. It is, indeed, a publication which 
 cannot be too highly praised." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 2. Handbook of Dignities, being a new ed., improved and 
 continued, of Beatson's Political Index, 1851, 8vo. See 
 BEATSON, ROBT. 
 
 Haydocke, Richard, of New College, Oxford, and 
 Student in Physic. Trans, from the Italian of 5 books of 
 Lomazzo's Artes of Curious Paintinge, Caruingeand Build- 
 inge, Oxon., 1598, fol. Respecting this book and the trans 
 lator, see Granger's Biog. Hist, of England. This work 
 is one of the first in the English language on Art. 
 
 Haydon, Benjamin Robert, 1786-1846, an emi 
 nent artist, a native of Plymouth, England, committed 
 suicide in London, June 22. 1. Lects. on Fresco, Lon., 
 1842, 8vo. 2. Lects. on Painting and Design, 2 vols. 8vo. : 
 
 I. 1844; II. 1846: 
 
 CONTENTS : 1. Origin of the Art; 2. Anatomy the Basis 
 of Drawing; 3. The Skeleton; 4. The Muscles of Man and 
 Quadruped ; 5. Standard Figure ; 6. Composition ; 7. Co 
 lour; 8. Ancients and Moderns; 9. Invention; 10. Fuseli; 
 
 II. Wilkie; 12. Effect of the Societies on Taste; 13. A 
 Competent Tribunal; 14. On Fresco; 15. Elgin Marbles; 
 16. Beauty. 
 
 " There are few sections of Mr. Haydon's work from which we 
 might not extract some sound and effective passage. From some 
 we might select subjects of friendly controversy ; but, having fallen 
 on nothing which appears to us deadly heresy or dangerous error, 
 we prefer to commend his volume to all who take an interest in 
 its subject, with the assurance that it will repay their study of it." 
 Lon. Quar. Rev., Ixxv. 91-92 ; notice of vol. i. 
 
 In 1838 there was reprinted from the seventh ed. of the 
 Encyc. Brit., in a p. 8vo. vol., Painting and the Fine Arts, 
 by B. R. Haydon and William Hazlitt. These essays are 
 thus commended by the eminent authority just cited : 
 
 " "VVe have mentioned the gratification we have experienced from 
 the perusal of Mr. Hazlitt's Essay : we must add similar testimony 
 in favour of his fellow-labourer, Mr. Haydon. His Treatise seems 
 to us the result of study and observation extensive and profound." 
 Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 For particulars of Haydon's life and notices of his 
 paintings, see his Autobiography, edited by Tom Taylor, 
 1853, 3 vols. p. 8vo. ; a biographical sketch by Ralph N. 
 Wornum, in Rich's Cyc. of Biography, 1854; obituary 
 notice in Gent. Mag., Aug. 1846; another in the London 
 Spectator, (copied into the Boston Living Age, x. 277-280;) 
 Southey's Life and Correspondence; Madden 's Memoirs 
 of the Countess of Blessington; articles in Eraser's Mag., 
 ix. 792; xxxvi. 53; Blackwood's Mag., viii. 219, 526; x. 
 680; xi. 332; xiv. 11; xv. 566; xvi. 505; xl. 553, 664, 671; 
 xli. 192, 344; xlvi. 305; xlix. 583. 
 
 "Genius immortal, industry untired, 
 
 The power and the capacity of thought 
 Sublime, to mighty aspirations wrought, 
 Are thine, by thirst of great achievement fired. 
 I need not tell thee, Haydon ; thou hast felt, 
 The fears, the ecstasies of daring art, 
 The heavings and the sinkings of the heart, 
 At obstacles that oft like vapours melt, 
 
 And oft like rocks oppose us. It is thine, 
 After a warfare silent, but most deep, , 
 
 To triumph and o'ercome: thy name shall shine 
 In fame's undying record, like a river 
 That, having toil'd o'er rocks, is left to sleep 
 'Mid everlasting hills, and gleam forever." 
 
 D. M. Mom: Black-woods Mag., viii. 526. 
 Haydon, John. 1. Two Serms., Lon., 1770, 8vo. 2. 
 Serin., 1772, 8vo. 
 
 Haye, Drummond George. Verses Social and 
 Domestic, Edin., 1802, 12mo. 
 
 Hayes. Banker's Exchange, 1671, '76, fol. 
 Hayes, Charles, 1678-1760, pub. the following 
 learned works, all of which, save the first, appeared with 
 out his name : 1. Of Fluxions and Conic Sections, Lon., 
 1704, fol. 2. Longitude, 1710, 4to. 3. The Moon ; a Phi 
 losophic Dialogue, tending to show that the Moon is not an 
 opaque body, but has light of her own, 1723. 4. Vindic. 
 of the Septuagint from the Misrepresentations of Scaliger, 
 Du Pin, Hody, Prideaux, and others, 1736, 8vo. 5. Crit. 
 Exam, of Sts. Matthew and Luke, 1738, 8vo. 6. Chronol. 
 of the Septuagint, 1741, 8ro; Supp., 1757. 
 
 " These learned and ingenious performances were all published 
 anonymously, and some of them have been, by mistake, ascribed 
 to Sir Richard Ellis. They discover a very profound acquaintance 
 with chronology, and a great veneration for the Scriptures." 
 Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 7. Chronographiae Asiaticae et Egyptiacse Specimen, 1759, 
 
 8vo. See Gent. Mag., vol. xxxi ; Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; 
 Button's Diet. 
 
 Hayes, D. 1. An Epistle to Churchill, Lon., 1761, 
 4to. 2. The Authors; a Poem, 1766, 4to. 
 
 Hayes, E. 1. Irish Excheq. Reports, Dubl., 1837, 
 8vo. 2. Crim. Stat. Law of Ireland, 2d ed., 1842, 2 vols. 
 8vo. 3. In conjunction with T. Jones, Irish Excheq. Re 
 ports, 1840, 8vo. 
 
 Hayes, E. The Ballads of Ireland, Lon., 1855, 2 
 vols. 12ino. 
 
 Hayes, John. Arithmetic, 3d ed., 1813, 12mo. 
 
 Hayes, Richard. 1. Young Merchant's Assist., Lon., 
 1718, 8vo. 2. Negotiator's Magazine, 1719, '24, 8vo. 3. 
 Annuities upon Lives, 1727, '28, '46, 4to. 
 
 Hayes, Samuel, pub. several poems, 1775-89, two 
 separate serms., 1789, '92, and XVI. Serms., 1797, 8vo. 
 
 " Rational and sensible ; enforcing, with a proper spirit and in a 
 pleasing manner, important and useful truths." Lon. Monthly 
 Rev. 
 
 Hayes, Samuel. Management of Woods and Cop 
 pices, Dubl., 1795, 8vo. 
 
 Hayes, Thomas. 1. Coughs and Colds ; 3d ed., Lon., 
 1786, 8vo. 2. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1767; 3. to 
 Mem. Med., 1789. 
 
 Hayes, Wm., 1708-1777, a composer of music. 1. 
 Collec. of English Ballads, Shrewsbury. 2. Musical Ex 
 pression. 3. Music Meetings rel. to Church Langton, Lon., 
 1768, 8vo. 
 
 Hayes, Wm. 1. Limitations to Heirs of the Body in 
 Devises, Lon., 1824, 8vo. 2. Lett, to R. Peel, 1825, 8vo. 
 3. Real Estate to Ancestor, Ac., 1829, 8vo. 4. Concise 
 Conveyancer, 1830, 12mo. 5. Law of Real Property, 1831, 
 8vo. 6. Introduc. to Conveyancing, 5th ed., 1840, 2 vols. 
 8vo. See 1 Jurist, 186 ; ii. 129 ; iv. 836 ; 7 Leg. Obs. 404. 
 7. Conveyance of Estates, 1840, 8vo. 8. In conjunction 
 with T. Jarman, Forms of Wills, 4th ed., 1849, 12mo. 
 
 Hayes, William. 1. Nat. Hist, of British Birds, 
 Lon., 1775, imp. fol. 2. Portraits, &c. of Birds, 1794, 4to. 
 
 Haygarth, Henry William. Bush Life in Aus 
 tralia, Lon., 1848, 12mo. 
 
 " It has neither the shape of a treatise nor that of a journal ; 
 but is something between them, combining the compact informa 
 tion of the first with the readable interest of the second." Lon. 
 Athenceum. 
 
 Haygarth, John, M.D., d. 1813, practised at Chester, 
 subsequently at Bath. He wrote two works on the Small 
 Pox, Lon., 1785, 8vo, and 1793, 2 vols. 8vo; one on Infec 
 tious Diseases, Bath, 1801, 8vo; and other profess, treatises, 
 1805-13. 
 
 Haygarth, William, son of the preceding. Greece; 
 a Poem, Lon., 1814, 8vo. 
 
 Hayley, Thomas, D.D., Canon-Resident, of Chi- 
 Chester, and Chaplain-in-ordinary. Serms., Lon., 1711-21. 
 
 Hayley, William, D.D., Dean of Chichester, Rector 
 of St. Giles -in-the-Fields, and Chaplain-in-ordinary. 
 Serms., 1687-1702. 
 
 Hayley, William, 1745-1820, grandson of the pre 
 ceding, and a native of Chichester, was educated at Eton, 
 and at Trin. Coll., Cambridge, and, on leaving the univer 
 sity, retired to his patrimonial estate of Eartham, at Sussex, 
 and devoted his hours to literary pursuits. In 1792 he 
 became acquainted with the poet Cowper, and as the bio 
 grapher of his friend has already claimed our notice in 
 the life of the latter. As the friend of Gibbon, also, his 
 name occurs on p. 662 of this Dictionary. About the year 
 1800, Mr. Hayley's spirits were greatly depressed by the 
 loss of his natural son, Thomas Alphonso Hayley, a sculptor 
 of much promise; and he removed to Felpham, where he 
 resided until his death in 1820. He pub. (1778-1811) many 
 occasional works, both in prose and poetry, Epistles, Essays, 
 Elegies, Dialogues, plays, biographies, translations from 
 Milton's Latin and Italian Poems, &c. almost all of which 
 are now forgotten. A collective ed. of his Poems and Plays 
 was pub. in 1785, 6 vols. sm. 8vo; 1788, 6 vols. cr. 8vo. 
 The following are his principal productions. 1. Poetical 
 Epistle to an eminent Painter, (George Romney,) 1778, 4to. 
 2. Essay on History, in 3 Epistles to Edward Gibbon, 1780, 
 4to. 3. The Triumphs of Temper; a Poem, in six cantos, 
 1781, 4to. 4. Essay on Epic Poetry ; in 5 Epistles, 1782, 
 4to. 5. Essay on Old Maids, 1785, 3 vols. 12mo. 6. Dia 
 logues. Anon. 7. Life and Poetical Works of John Milton, 
 1794-99, 3 vols. fol. 8. Life of Milton, 1796, 4to. Origin 
 ally prefixed to Boydell's ed. of Milton, 1794-97, 3 vols. 
 fol. 9. Essay on Sculpture; Epistles to Flaxman, 1800, 
 8vo. 10. Life, Works, and Letters of Cowper, 1803-04, 3 
 vols. 4to. Reviewed by Lord Jeffrey in Edin. Rev., ii. 
 64-86; iv. 273-284. 2d ed., 4 vols. 8vo. Supp. Pages, 
 1806, 4to. New ed. 1812, 4 vols. 8vo. See COWPER, WIL- 
 
HAY 
 
 HAY 
 
 LIAM, in this Dictionary ; Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, pp. 
 546-547 ; and Allan Cunningham's Biog. and Crit. Hist, of 
 the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years. 11. The Triumph of Music ; 
 a Poem, 1804, 4to. Reviewed in Edin. Rev., vi. 56-63. 12. 
 Ballads founded upon Original and Curious Anecdotes re 
 lating to the Instinct and Sagacity of Animals, 1805, 8vo. 
 
 " Mediocrity, as all the world knows, is forbidden to poets and 
 to punsters; but the punster has a privilege peculiar to himself, 
 the exceeding badness of bis puns is imputed as a merit. This 
 privilege may fairly be extended to Mr. Hay ley : his present volume 
 is so incomparably absurd as that no merit within his reach could 
 have amused us half so much." ROBERT SOUTHEY : Allan's Annual 
 Review, iv. 675-676. 
 
 13. Latin and Italian Poems of Milton, trans, into Eng 
 lish verse; with a Fragment of a Comment, on Paradise 
 Lost, by Cowper, 1808, 4to , 1810, 4 vols. 8vo. 14. Life of 
 George Romney, Esq., 1809, 4to. 
 
 " Much of what he relates of Romney has been contradicted or 
 questioned by his son; he takes higher ground, too, than the 
 painter's genius can warrant." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog. and 
 Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years. 
 
 15. Three Plays, 1811, 8vo. 16. Memoirs of the Life 
 and Writings of William Hayley, written by himself, <fcc. 
 Edited by John Johnson, LL.D., 1823, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 " Mr. Hayley received a very considerable annuity, during the 
 last twelve years of his life, as the price of his own Memoirs, which 
 he was to leave in a fit state for publication. . . . Hayley is, per 
 haps, the only person who ever dealt with his posthumous repu 
 tation as a post-obit, and converted it into a present income." 
 ROBERT SOUTHEY : Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxi. 263-311. Read this re 
 view, which displeased Gifford greatly ; for Southey tells us : 
 
 " My paper upon Hayley was so offensive to Mr. Gilford, that 
 after it was printed he withheld it for two successive numbers, and 
 if he had not then ceased to be editor and had persisted in with 
 holding it, I might have probably withdrawn from the Review. 
 There neither was nor could be any reason for this, but that he 
 could not beiir to see Hayley spoken of with decent respect." 
 
 Vide Southey's Letter, in Sir S. E. Brydges's Autobio 
 graphy ; see also Southey's Life and Correspondence for 
 other notices of Hayley. 
 
 Respecting Hayley's Memoirs, see also Lon. Month. 
 Rev., ciii. 267 ; cv. 1 j Blackwood's Mag., xiv. 184, 303 ; 
 and see remarks on Southey's review of the Memoirs, 
 Blackwood's Mag., xvii. 477. 
 
 It may be difficult for some of us to believe that Hayley 
 was, "in his time," to quote Southey's words, "by popular 
 election, king of the English poets;" but, as Mr. Moir truly 
 observes, 
 
 " The popularity of Hayley in an age so artificial and so prag 
 matical as that wherein he nourished an age of minuets, and 
 hoops, and pomatum, and powdered queues, and purple velvet 
 doublets, and flesh-coloured silk stockings is not much to be 
 wondered at, when we consider the subjects on which he wrote, 
 and the real graces of his style. Such poetry was relished, because 
 it was called forth by the exigencies and adapted to the taste of the 
 particular time at which it was written. It was a reflection of exist 
 ing modes and habits of thought ; and it must be allowed that his 
 mastery over versification was of no common order. TrUe it is 
 that his mawkish or overstrained sentiment might at times ex 
 pose him to ridicule; but the praise he received from Cowper is a 
 strong proof of the influence which his writings at that time exer 
 cised over society. That power and that popularity have now 
 utterly passed away, for he was deficient in truth and nature ; his 
 house was built on the sand; and, except the case of Churchill, 
 it would be difficult to point out another whose reputation had 
 assumed so much the aspect of a fixed star, and yet only proved 
 ' the comet of a season.' " Sketches of the Poet. Lit. of the Past 
 Half-Century. 
 
 Doubtless much of his reputation was owing to his ge 
 neral popularity in polite society, a popularity not unde 
 served; for, as Southey emphatically declares, 
 
 "Every thing about that man is good except his poetry." 
 Letter to Samuel Taylor Coleridge, August 4, 1802 : Southey's Life 
 and Corresp. 
 
 " He lived in days," says Allan Cunningham, " when polish held 
 the place of vigour, and harmony that of feeling, and poetry was 
 judged of as a song is now, by the sweetness of its music. In all 
 the externals of verse he was a master ; as he moved in good so 
 ciety, his opinions spread and prevailed; and, though he penned 
 cold quartos both in prose and verse, no one imagined that the 
 weariness they felt in perusal could come from the accomplished 
 author of The Triumphs of Temper." Biog. and Crit. Hist, of 
 the Lit. of the Last Fifty Tears. 
 
 But we should not forget, whilst making large deduc 
 tions from the extravagant adulation of our fathers, to 
 concede to this amiable, if not brilliant, writer, all the 
 merit which he can justly claim. Perhaps this happy me 
 dium has been accurately stated by a critic of large com 
 prehension and great refinement of taste : 
 
 " Hayley's Epistles on Painting, History, and Epic Poetry, writ 
 ten in smooth, correct, and flowing versification, but not unfre- 
 quently deficient in energy and compression, inculcate much 
 elegant and judicious criticism, and diffuse much light over their 
 respective subjects." DR. DRAKE. 
 
 Hay man, Robert. Quodlibets, lately come over from 
 
 New Britaniola, Newfoundland. Epigrams, and other small 
 
 Parcels, both morall and divine, Lon., 1628, 4to. Bibl. 
 
 Anglo-Poet.,338, 12 12*., a. v. The author favours us with 
 
 808 
 
 the following verses upon the anagram of his own name, 
 "Harme I bare not," over a wood-cut of an animal of 
 the lizard kind, or " West- Indian Guane." 
 
 " If some should meete this Beast upon the way, 
 Would not their heart's-blood thrill for great affray! 
 Yet the West-Indian, that best knows his nature, 
 Says, there is not any more harmlesse Creature. 
 So, though my lines haue much deformity, 
 Their end mine Anagram shall verifie." 
 
 II ay n am. Ophthalmia; Mem. Med., 1799. 
 
 Hayne, Paul H., b. at Charleston, S.C., 1831, is a 
 son of Lieut. Hayne, of the U.S. Navy, and a nephew of 
 Col. Robert Y. Hayne, the eloquent senatorial antagonist 
 of Daniel Webster. Mr. Hayne has contributed a number 
 of articles to the Southern Literary Messenger and to 
 other periodicals, has been editor of the Charleston Literary 
 Gazette, and is now connected with the editorial depart 
 ment of the Charleston Evening News. In 1855 he pub. 
 a vol. of Poems, Boston, 16mo, which possess extraordi 
 nary merit. The Temptation of Venus is the principal 
 poem in this collection. See Graham's (Phila.) Magazine, 
 Feb. 1855. We are authorized to expect much from Mr. 
 Hayne in the future. 
 
 Hayne, Robert Y., 1791-1839, a native of the parish 
 of St. Paul, South Carolina, was a grandnephew of Col. 
 Isaac Hay no, a Revolutionary patriot, who was executed 
 by the British in 1781. Robert Y. Hayne filled in succes 
 sion the offices of member of the State legislature, Speaker 
 of the House, Attorney-General of the 'State, United 
 States Senator, and Governor of the State. His speech 
 in the U.S. Senate, Jan. 25, 1830, which elicited Daniel 
 Webster's celebrated rejoinder, has rarely been equalled, 
 in all that constitutes true eloquence, in the American Con 
 gress. See the Life, Character, and Speeches of the late 
 Robert Y. Hayne, 1845; Works of Daniel Webster, 8th ed., 
 1854, 6 vols. 8vo ; Southern Review, (papers by R. Y. Hayne 
 on improvement of the navy, and in vindication of the 
 memory of his relative, Col. Hayne ;) Review of his Life 
 and Speeches, South. Quar. Review, viii. 496 ; his Letter 
 on the Tariff, 1828, in Niles's Reg., xxxv. 184, 199 ; his 
 Nullification Ordinance, in Niles's Reg., xliii. 219; his Nul 
 lification Proclamation, in Niles's Reg., xliii. 308 ; Speeches 
 of his, in Niles's Reg., xxxvii. 415; xxxviii. 105, 376; xli. 
 396. Eloquent tributes to the memory of Hayne, by Ge 
 neral Hamilton of S. Carolina, and the Hon. Daniel Web 
 ster, delivered at the Dinner of the New England Society, 
 Charleston, May 8, 1847, will be found in Webster's Works, 
 ii. 387-388. 
 
 Hayne, Samuel. Statutes rel. to Aliens, Lon., 1685, 
 4to. 
 
 Hayne, Thomas, 1581-1645, a learned schoolmaster 
 and divine, a native of Leicestershire, educated at Leices 
 ter Coll., Oxford, an usher in 1604 of Merchant-Tailors' 
 School, and subsequently of Christ's Hospital. 1. Grarn- 
 matices Latinse Compendium, 1637, '49, 8vo; with Appen 
 dices. 2. Linguarum Cognatio, 1639, 8vo. 3. Pax in 
 Terra, 1639, 8vo. 4. The Equal Ways of God, 1639, 8vo. 
 5. General View of the Holy Scriptures, 1640, fol. 6. Life 
 and Death of Dr. Martin Luther, 1641, 4to. 7. Four Let 
 ters to Joseph Mede. See the 4th book of Mede's Works. 
 
 " He was a noted critic, an excellent linguist, and a solid divine, 
 beloved of learned men, and particularly respected by Selden." 
 Athen. Oxon. ; see also Nichols's Leicestershire, vol. iii. Part 1. 
 
 Haynes, Miss C. D. The Foundling of Devonshire ; 
 or, Who is She? 1818, 5 vols. 
 
 Haynes, Christopher. Papers relating to the 
 Trade and Commerce of G. Brit, and Ireland; pub. in 
 Charles King's Collection, Lon., 1743, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Haynes, D. F. Pierre and Adeline; or, The Ro 
 mance of the Castle, Lon., 1814, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Haynes, Hopton, 1672-1749, Assay-master of the 
 Mint, a friend of Sir Isaac Newton, and a zealous Soci- 
 nian. 1. Right of his Majesty's Chapel Royal, 1728, fol. 
 2. The Scripture Account of the Attributes and Worship 
 of God, and of the Character and Offices of Jesus Christ. 
 Posth. ; pub. by his son, 1749, 8vo. Repub. by Rev. Theop. 
 Lindsey, 1790, 8vo. 
 
 " The most zealous Unitarian I ever knew." R. BARON. 
 
 " Mr. Haynes has left behind him a standing memorial of the 
 fearless integrity and great success with which he studied the 
 Bible, in his Scripture Account of the Attributes." Wince's Anti- 
 trinitarian Biography. 
 
 Haynes also pub. some tracts against Jacobitism,1714,<fcc. 
 
 Haynes, J. Botanical Garden at Chelsea, Lon., 1751, 
 fol. 
 
 Haynes, James. 1. Conscience; or, The Bridal 
 Night; a Tragedy, in Five Acts. This Tragedy was first 
 performed about 1821. 2. Durazzo; a Tragedy, in Five 
 Acts, 1823. 
 
HAY 
 
 "This is a fine Tragedy; a finer we could hardly name. It 
 abounds with ' thoughts that breathe and words that burn ;' it is 
 worthy the author of ' Conscience.'" ion. Gent. Mag., Sept. 1823. 
 
 3. Mary Stuart; a Tragedy, 1840, Svo. 
 
 Haynes, John. Manufactories, Ac., Lon., 1706, '15. 
 
 Haynes, John. Con. to Mem. Med., 1799. 
 
 Haynes, Joseph. The Fatal Mistake ; a Tragedy, 
 Lon., 1696, 4to. See his Life, by Thos. Brown, 1701, Svo. 
 
 Haynes, Mifflin A. The South-Western Law Jour 
 nal and Reporter, Nashville, 1844, Svo. 
 
 Haynes, Richard. Prevention of Poverty, Lon., 
 1674, Svo. 
 
 Haynes, Samuel, D.D., d. 1752, son of Hopton 
 Haynes, and Rector of Clothal. Collec. of State Papers, 
 Lon., 1740, fol. See CECIL, WILLIAM, Lord Burleigh. 
 
 Haynes, Thomas, of Oundle. 1. Nursery Garden 
 ing, Lon., 1811, r. Svo. 2. Horticulture, 1811, r. Svo. 3. 
 The Strawberry, Ac., 1812, Svo. 4. Essay on Soils and 
 Composts, 1817, 12mo. 
 
 Hays. Food, Animal and Vegetable, Lon., 1645, Svo. 
 
 Hays, Edward. Hist, of the Irish Rebellion, N. 
 York, 12mo. 
 
 Hays, Isaac, M.D., b. in Philadelphia in 1796, grad. 
 in the Department of Arts of the Univ. of Penna. in 1816; 
 in the Medical Department, 1820. Editor of Wilson's 
 American Ornithology, Hall's ed., Phila., 1828, Svo; Hob- 
 lyn's Diet, of Medical Terms, Ac., 1846, 12ino ; new ed., 
 from the last London ed., (7th, 1855,) 1855, r. 12mo; Law 
 rence's Treatise on Diseases of the Eye, 1847, Svo ; Arnott's 
 Elements of Physics, 1848, Svo; The American Journal 
 of Medical Sciences, from its commencement in 1827 to the 
 present time, 1856; Phila. Journal of Med. and Phys., 
 vol. iv. ; contributed papers to these periodicals, and also 
 to the Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 
 
 Hays, Mrs. Mary, an English lady, pub. several 
 novels, Letters, Essays, and juvenile works, 1796-1817, 
 and the following work, by which she is best known : Fe 
 male Biography, Lon., 1803, 6 vols. sm. Svo. 
 
 Hayter. Perspective for Children, 1814, 8vo. 
 
 Hayter, Rev. J ohn. v Essay on 1 Cor. xi., Lon., 1791, 
 Svo. 
 
 Hayter, Rev. John, d. at Paris, 1818. 1. Observa 
 tions on a Review of the Herculanensia, 4to. 2. Report 
 upon the Herculaneum MSS., Lon., 1811, r. Svo. Mr. H. 
 resided for several years at Naples and at Palermo, for the 
 purpose of unrolling and deciphering the Greek MSS. 
 found at Herculaneum. 
 
 Hayter, Richard. Book of Revelation, Lon., 1675. 
 
 Hayter, Thomas, D.D., d. 1762, Bishop of Norwich, 
 1749; trans, to London, 1761. Occasional serms., and a 
 charge, Lon., 1732-59. 
 
 Hayter, Thomas, d. 1799, aged 53. Serm., Lon. 
 1791, Svo. 
 
 J! ay us, John. See HAY. 
 
 Hayward, Abraham, Q.C. 1. Trans, of Savigny's 
 Vocation of our Age for Legislation and Jurisprudence, 
 Lon., Svo. See Lieber's Hermeneutics, ed. 1839, p. 127. 
 2. Statutes founded on the C. Law Reports, 1832, 12mo. 
 See 5 Leg. Obs. 189. 3. Law regarding Marriage with the 
 Sister of a Deceased Wife; 3d ed., 1846, 8vo, pp. 28. 4, 
 Trans, of Goethe's Faust, in English prose, Pt. 1, 1833, fp. 
 8vo ; 4th ed., 1847, ISmo. 5. Juridical Tracts, 1856, p. Svo. 
 6. Biographical and Critical Essays, 1858, 2 vols. Svo. Com 
 mended. See Judge Story's Life and Letters, ii. 324, and 
 the life of EDWARD EVERETT, in this Dictionary, p. 569. 
 
 Hayward, C. Serms., 1793, '99, both Svo. 
 
 Hayward, Charles, Jr. Life of Sebastian Cabot, 
 in Sparks's Amer. Biog., Series 1, ix. 91-162. 
 
 Hayward, Edward. Ships in R. Navy, Ac., Lon., 
 1660, fol. 
 
 Hayward, George, M.D., President of the Mass. Me 
 dical Society, late Prof, of Surgery in Harvard University. 
 Trans. Bichat's General Anatomy, Boston, 1818-22, 3 
 vols. Svo. Trans. Becklard's additions to Bichat's Anatomy, 
 Boston, 1823, Svo. 1. Outlines of Physiology, Bost., 1834, 
 12mo. 2. Surgical Reports and Miscellaneous Papers on 
 Medical Subjects, Bost., 1855, 12mo. 
 
 " Valuable alike to the non-professional reader, to the medical 
 student, and to the veteran practitioner." .ZV. Amer. Rev., July, 
 1856. 167-182. 
 
 Hayward, or Haywarde, Sir John, d. 1627, an 
 English historian, educated at Cambridge, was knighted 
 in 1619. 1. The first part of the Life and Raigne of King 
 Henrie the IIIL, Lon., 1599, 4to. With Cotton's Henry 
 III., 1642, 12mo. 2. An Answer to the First Part of a 
 Conference concerning Succession, pub. not long since 
 under the name of R. Doleman (Parsons), 1603, 4to. Again, 
 under the title of The Right of Succession asserted, Ac., 
 
 HAY 
 
 683, Svo. 3. Union of Eng. and Scot., 1604, 4to. 4. 
 Lives of Wm. I., Wm. II., and Henry I., 1613, 4to. 5. 
 The Sanctuarie of a Troubled Soul, 1616, 12mo. 2d Part, 
 L649, 12mo. Reprinted in the Harleian Miscellany. 6. 
 David's Tears, 1622, Svo; 1623, '25, 4to,- 1636, 12mo. 7. 
 hrist's Prayer, 1623, 8vo. 8. Supremacie in Affairs of 
 Religion, 1624, 4to. 9. The Life and Raigne of Edward 
 VI., 1630, 4to; 1636, Svo; 1642, 12mo; 1730, 4to; and in 
 Rennet's Collec., ii. 273, 1706. See Athen. Oxon. ; Strype; 
 Kennet; Bp. Nicolson's Hist. Lib. 
 
 Hayward dedicated his Raigne of King Henrie IIIL to 
 the Earl of Essex, which together with some of the his 
 torian's remarks, displeased Queen Elizabeth, who ordered 
 Lord Bacon to search the book for treasons. Bacon re 
 ported that there was no treason, but that there were many 
 felonies j for the author "had stolen many of his sentences 
 and conceits out of Cornelius Tacitus." 
 
 Hayward, John. 1. View of the U. States, N. York, 
 1833, Svo. 2. Religious Creeds, Ac. of the U. States and 
 of the Brit. Provinces, Bost., 1837, 12mo. 3. N. England 
 Gazetteer, 1839, Svo. 4. Book of Religions, 1842, 12mo. 
 5. Gazetteer of the U. States, Portland, 1843, Svo. ; Phila., 
 1854, Svo. 6. Gazetteer of Mass., N. Hamp., and Vermont, 
 Bost., 1849. 
 
 Hayward, Joseph. 1. Science of Horticulture, 1818, 
 Svo. 2. Science of Agriculture, Lon., 1825, Svo. 
 
 " Shows a very sound scientific judgment in all practical points." 
 -^-Donaldson's AgrioiM. Biog. 
 
 " Blends much practical information in confirmation of theory." 
 Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 3. Fruitfulness and Barrenness in Plants, Ac., 1834, 12mo. 
 " The subject is extremely well handled, but in a practical view 
 
 it merits no comment." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 4. Mode of Training Vines; Trans. Hortic. Soc., 1815. 
 Hayward, Roger, D.D. Serms., Lon., 1673, '76. 
 Hayward, Samuel. 1. Serm. to Sailors on Ps. cvii. 
 
 31, 1746, Svo. 2. XVII. Serms., Lon., 1758, '92, Svo. 
 
 " Composed in a truly evangelical style, and well adapted for 
 usefulness." WALTER WILSON. 
 
 3. Serm. to Youth on Prov. viii. 17, 1756, Svo. 4. Reli 
 gious Cases of Conscience. See PIKE, SAMUEL. 
 
 Hayward, Thomas. The British Muse; or, A Col 
 lection of Thoughts, Moral, Natural, and Sublime, of our 
 English Poets who flourished in the 16th and 17th Centu 
 ries, Lon., 1738, 3 vols. 12mo ; 1740, 3 vols. 12mo, under 
 the title of The Quintessence of English Poetry, Ac. Per 
 haps a new title-page only. The preface, containing an His 
 torical and Critical Notice of all the Collections of this Kind 
 that were ever published, was written by Wm. Oldys, under 
 the supervision and with the corrections of Dr. Campbell. 
 
 "The most comprehensive and exact Commonplace of the Works, 
 of our most eminent poets throughout the reign of Queen Eliza 
 beth, and afterwards." Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet., ed. 1840, iii. 
 234. 
 
 "A collection incomparably preferable to all preceding ones." 
 Disraeli's Amenities of Literature, q. v. 
 
 And see Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet. Anglic., Pref. 
 Ixvi. 
 
 " If the grain were separated from the chaff which fills the works 
 of our National Poets, what is truly valuable would be to what is 
 useless in the proportion of a molehill to a mountain." BURKE. 
 
 Haywarde, Sir John. See HAYWARD. 
 
 Haywarde, Richard. Prismatics, N. York, 1853, 
 12mo. A collection of Prose and Poetry. 
 
 Haywarde, Wm. 1. Trans, from the French of Ge- 
 nerall Pardon, Lon., 1571, 8vo. A theolog. treatise. 2. 
 Bellum Grammaticale, 1576, Svo. 
 
 Haywood. Secret Hist, of the Life of Mary, Queen 
 of Scots, with the real cause of all her Misfortunes, 1725, 
 Svo. 
 
 Haywood, Eliza. See HEYWOOD. 
 
 Haywood, Capt. F. Memoir of, with Extracts from 
 his Diary and Corresp., Lon., 1832, Svo. 
 
 Haywood, F. Analysis of Kant's Critick of Pure 
 Reason, Lon., 1844, Svo. 
 
 Haywood, Henry, d. 1755, a minister of the Soci- 
 nian Baptists in Charleston, S.C., trans, into English Dr. 
 Whitby's treatise on Original Sin, and left a defence of 
 Whitby against Gill, and a catechism, ready for the press. 
 
 Haywood, James. Letters to Farmers, Worksop, 
 1852, 12mo. 
 
 " Neat on every department of agriculture, and form a useful 
 handbook to every former." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Haywood, Judge John. 1. N. Carolina Reports, 
 
 1789-1806; 2d ed., by W. H. Battle, Raleigh, 1832-43, 2 
 
 vols. Svo. 2. N. Carolina Justice, Svo. 3. Publick Acts 
 
 of N. Carolina and Tennessee, 2d ed., Nashville, 1810, 4to. 
 
 4. Tennessee Reports, 1816-18; Knoxville and Nashville, 
 
 I 1818, 3 vols. Svo. 5. In conjunction with Robert L. Cobbs, 
 
 ! Statute Laws of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1831, Svo. 
 
HAY 
 
 Haywood, Thomas. 1. Londini Artium et Scien- 
 tiarum Scaturigo ; or, London Fountaine of Arts and 
 Sciences, 1631, 4to. 2. Porta Pietatis, 1638, 4to. 
 
 Haywood, Win., D.D. Serms., 1642, '48, '60, '63. 
 See Petition and Articles exhibited against him in Par 
 liament, 1641, 4to. 
 
 Hazard, Miss Ann. Emma Stanley; or, The Or 
 phans, N. York. 
 
 Hazard, Ebenezer, d. 1817, aged 73, a native of 
 Philadelphia, Penn., grad. at Princeton College in 1762 ; 
 Postmaster-General of the U. States, 1782-89. Historical 
 Collections; consisting of State Papers and other authentic 
 Documents intended as materials for a Hist, of the U. 
 States of America, Phila., 2 vols. 4to ; i. 1792 ; ii. 1794. 
 
 " A valuable collection of documents relating to American His 
 tory." Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, i. 375, q. v. And see Hazard's Re 
 marks on a Report concerning the Western Indians, 2 Mass. Hist. 
 
 Hazard, Joseph, of Lincoln College, Oxford. The 
 Conquest of Quebec; a Poem, Lon., 1769, 4to. 
 
 Hazard, Rowland G., b. 1801, in South Kingston, 
 Rhode Island, an extensive manufacturer at Peace Dale, 
 Ehode Island. 1. Language : its Connexion with the pre 
 sent Constitution and future prospects of Man, by Hete- 
 roscian, Providence, 1836. This work is thus referred to 
 by an eminent authority : 
 
 "Volumes have not only been read, but written, in flying jour 
 neys. I have known a man of vigorous intellect, who had enjoyed 
 few advantages of early education, and whose mind was almost 
 engrossed by the details of an extensive business, but who com 
 posed a book of much original thought, in steamboats and on 
 horseback, while visiting distant customers." WM. ELLERY CHAN- 
 NING, D.D. : Sdf -Culture; in the collective ed. of his Works, 3d ed., 
 ii. 104. 
 
 A review of Language, written by Miss Peabody, ap 
 peared soon after the publication of the latter. Mr. H. 
 has also pub. several pamphlets, 1841-48, upon Public 
 Schools, Railroads, Ac. 
 
 Hazard, Samuel, a son of Ebenezer Hazard, (ante,) 
 b. in 1784, in Philadelphia, Penn. 1. Register of Penn 
 sylvania, Phila., 1828-36, 16 vols. large 8vo. This valu 
 able work, containing a large mass of historical matter, is 
 frequently cited by historians, and is received as authority 
 in the courts of Pennsylvania. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. 
 Nova, ii. 204. 2. United States Commercial and Statistical 
 Register, 1839-42, 6 vols. 8vo. 3. Annals of Pennsylvania, 
 from the Discovery of the Delaware, (1609,) to the year 1682, 
 1 vol. 8vo, pp. 800. This vol. complete in itself is in 
 tended as the first of a series designed to cover the period 
 from 1609 to 1856. 4. Pennsylvania Archives, 1682-1790, 
 printed by appointment of the Legislature, from the origi 
 nals in the office of the Secretary of State. The whole 
 series up to 1790 has appeared, in 12 vols. of about 800 pp. 
 each; one vol. more, composed entirely of an Index to 16 
 vols. of Colonial Records, previously printed, and the 12 
 vols. of Archives, will complete the whole period authorized 
 to be embraced in the work. It is to such indefatigable 
 labourers as Mr. Hazard and his father that historians are 
 indebted for much of the most valuable portions of their 
 compilations. 
 
 Hazard, Thomas R., of " Vaucluse," Rhode Island, 
 a brother of Rowland G. Hazard, was b. in 1784, in South 
 Kingston, Rhode Island. 1. Facts for the Labouring Man, 
 1840. 2. Essay on Capital Punishment, 1850. 3. Report 
 on the Poor and Insane of the State, 1850. 4. Handbook 
 of the National American Party, 1856. 
 
 Hazeland, Wm. Serms., 1756-61, all 4to. 
 
 Hazelius, E. L., D.D., Lutheran Pastor, Prof, in 
 Theolog. Seminary, Lexington, S.C. 1. Life of Luther, 
 N.Y., 1813. 2. Life of Stilling, from the German, Gettys 
 burg, 1831. 3. Augsburg Confession, with Annotations. 4. 
 Evangelisches Magazin, ed. 1831. 5. Materials for Cate- 
 chization on passages of Scripture, 1823. 6. Church History, 
 4 vols. History of the Lutheran Church in America, 1846. 
 
 Hazen, E., of New York. 1. New Speller and Definer, 
 Phila., 12mo. 2. Panorama of Trades, Manufactures, Ac. 
 3. Speller and Definer, 12mo. 4. Popular Technology, N. 
 York, 18mo. 5. Practical English Grammar. 6. Symboli 
 cal Spelling-Books ; do. Pts. 1 and 2. Upwards of a million 
 copies of Mr. Hazen's popular school-books have been pub. 
 
 Hazlitt, William, 1778-1830, the son of a Unitarian 
 minister of Shropshire, after receiving his education at the 
 Unitarian College at Hackley, began life as an artist, and 
 executed a number of paintings, which pleased every taste 
 but that of the too fastidious artist, who threw away the 
 pencil in disgust, even amidst the commendations of his 
 admiring friends. Removing to London, he secured a 
 situation as Parliamentary reporter for some of the daily 
 papers, and thus commenced a literary career of great 
 
 HAZ 
 
 ' diligence, which was prosecuted until his death in 1830. 
 He contributed largely to various periodicals ; and many 
 of his most popular essays, afterwards collected into vo 
 lumes, originally thus appeared as fugitive essays. He 
 was one of the contributors to the Edinburgh Review, and 
 also oificiated as home editor of " The Liberal." 
 
 His first acknowledged production (pub. anonymously) 
 was 1. An Essay on the Principles of Human Action, 
 which has been commended as indicative of considerable 
 metaphysical acuteness. This work was succeeded by the 
 following publications : 2. The Eloquence of the British 
 Senate, 1808, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. English Grammar for Schools, 
 Ac., 1810, 12mo. 4. The Round Table; a collection of 
 Essays, 1817, 2 vols. 8vo. Written for the Examiner 
 in connection with Leigh Hunt. 5. Character of Shak- 
 speare's Plays, 1817, 8vo. 6. A View of the English Stage ; 
 containing a series of Dramatic Criticism, 1818, 8vo. 7 
 Lectures on English Poetry, delivered at the Surrey Insti 
 tute in 1818, 8vo. 8. The Spirit of the Age, p. 8vo. 9. 
 The Plain Speaker, 2 vols. 8vo. 10. Political Essays, with 
 Sketches of Public Characters, 8vo. 11. Lectures on tho 
 English Comic Writers, 12mo. 12. Lects. on the Dramatic 
 Literature of the Age of Elizabeth, 12mo. 13. Table-Talk : 
 Original Essays, 1821, 2 vols. 12mo. 14. Liber Amoris; 
 or, The New Pygmalion, 12mo. 15. Criticisms on Art, 2 
 vols. 12mo. 16. Sketches of the Principal Picture-Gal- 
 leries, 12mo. 17. Life of Napoleon Bonaparte, 1828, 4 vols. 
 8vo. 18. A Letter to Wm. Gifford. 19. Journey through 
 France and Italy, 8vo. 20. Essays and Characters; writ 
 ten at Winterslow, 12mo. 21. Conversations with James 
 Northcote, p. 8vo. We might also include his treatise on 
 the Fine Arts, contributed to the 7th ed. Encyc. Brit., (see 
 HAYDON, BENJAMIN ROBERT,) a volume of Characteristics, 
 <&c. After his decease, his son pub. his Literary Remains, 
 with Life, by his son, and Thoughts on his Genius and 
 Writings, by Sir E. L. Bulwer and Sir T. Noon Talfourd, 
 1836, 2 vols. 8vo. New ed., 1839, 2 vols. 8vo. This the 
 reader must procure, and also the revised edits, of his best- 
 known works, edited by his son, (1845, <fec.) viz. : Table- 
 Talk, 2 vols. ; Plain Speaker, 2 vols. ; Lects. on Dramatic 
 Lit; on the English Stage; on English Poets; on English 
 Comic Writers ; Characters of Shakspeare's Plays ; Criti 
 cisms on Art, 2 series, 2 vols. ; Winterslow Essays and Cha 
 racters, &c. Messrs. Carey & Hart, Philadelphia, pub. 
 in 1848, (in 5 vols. 12mo,) The Miscellaneous Works of 
 William Hazlitt : Vols. I., II. Table-Talk ; III. Lects. on the 
 Dramatic Lit. of the Age of Elizabeth ; Characters of Shak- 
 
 r ire's Plays; IV. Lects. on the English Comic Writers; 
 ts. on the English Poets; V. The Spirit of the Age. 
 Mr. H. C. Baird, of Phila., has added to these 5 vols. a 
 reprint of the Life of Napoleon, in 1 vol. 8vo. A 2d ed. of 
 this work, revised by the author's son, was pub. Lon., 1852, 
 4 vols. 12mo. Hazlitt also edited An Abridgment of the 
 Light of Nature, originally published in seven volumes, 
 under the name of Edward Search, Esq., 1807, 8vo. 
 
 As an essayist, a critic, and a sketcher of literary por 
 traits, both the merits and demerits of Hazlitt were un 
 doubtedly great. In testimony of this assertion we could 
 summon many witnesses, but our limits will admit of but 
 brief citations: 
 
 "In critical disquisitions on the leading characters and works 
 of the drama, he is not surpassed in the whole range of English 
 literature; and what in an especial manner commands admiration 
 in their perusal is the indication of refined taste and chastened 
 reflection which they contain, and which are more perspicuous in 
 detached passages than in any entire work. He appears greater 
 when quoted than when read. Possibly, had his life been pro 
 longed, it might have been otherwise, and some work emanated from 
 his gifted pen which would have -placed his fame on a durable 
 foundation." SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON : Hist, of Europe, 1815-52. 
 
 " We are not apt to imbibe half opinions, or to express them by 
 halves; we shall, therefore, say at once, that when Mr. Hazlitt's 
 taste and judgment are left to themselves, we think him among 
 the best, if not the very best, living critic on our national litera 
 ture As we have not scrupled to declare that we think Mr. 
 
 Hazlitt is sometimes the very best living critic, we shall venture 
 one step farther, and add, that we think he is sometimes the very 
 worst. One would suppose that he had a personal quarrel with 
 all living writers, good, bad, or indifferent. In fact, he seems to 
 know little about them, and to care less. With him, to be alive 
 is not only a fault in itself, but it includes all other possible faults. 
 He seems to consider life as a disease, and death as your only 
 doctor. He reverses the proverb, and thinks a dead ass is better 
 than a living lion. In his eyes, death, like charity, ' covereth a 
 multitude of sins.' In short, if you want his praise, you must 
 die for it ; and when such praise is deserved, and given con amort, 
 it is almost worth dying for." PROFESSOR JOHN WILSON: Black- 
 wooffs Mag., iii. 75 ; notice of Hazlitt's Lects. on English Poetry. 
 
 " When we reflect upon the manner in which he brings things 
 before those who attended his lectures, some of his old acquaint 
 ance and their friends, we feel nothing but disgust at him, ana 
 doubt of the true refinement of an age in which a polite and well 
 educated audience would allow of such gross personalities. If Mr. 
 
HAZ 
 
 HEA 
 
 Hazlitt is blind to the beauties of the living poets, it is of little 
 consequence to them or to us ; but we are offended at the vulgarity 
 rf the attacks upon the characters of Wordsworth and Coleridge; 
 nor does he rise in our estimation by seeking to make, out of the 
 faults of Burns, a defence for licentiousness and a rude attack 
 upon a well-principled man." RICHARD HENRY DANA: N. Amer. 
 Rev., viii. 27, vi. 322 ; review of Lects. on English Poetry. 
 
 Hazlitt indeed dwelt more with the dead than the living, 
 and the enthusiasm he evinces when he has exchanged the 
 drawing-room for the graveyard especially when gar 
 nishing the sepulchre of the greatest of English poets is 
 well described by a late eminent critic : 
 
 "He seems pretty generally, indeed, in a state of happy intoxi 
 cation and has borrowed from his great original, not indeed the 
 force and brilliancy of his fancy, but something of its playfulness, 
 and a large share of his apparent joyousness and self-indulgence 
 in its exercise. It is evidently a great pleasure to him to be fully 
 possessed with the beauties of his author, and to follow the impulse 
 of his unrestrained eagerness to impress them upon his readers." 
 LORD JEFFREY : Edin. Rev., xxviii. 472. 
 
 Mr. Tuckerman estimates Hazlitt's abilities very highly, 
 and asserts that he 
 
 "Possessed, in a very eminent degree, what we are inclined to 
 believe the most important requisite for true criticism, a great 
 natural relish for all the phases of intellectual life and action." 
 
 But he makes a large deduction from his praise when 
 he admits that 
 
 " There is scarcely a page of Hazlitt which does not betray the 
 influence of strong prejudice, a love of paradoxical views, and a 
 tendency to sacrifice the exact truth of a question to an effective 
 turn of expression." Characteristics of Literature, Second Series : 
 The Critic ; WiUiam Hazlitt. 
 
 Certainly one of the best criticisms elicited by the 
 writings of Hazlitt is the review, by Sir T. N. Talfourd, 
 of the Lectures on the Dramatic Literature of the Age 
 of Elizabeth, originally published in the Edinburgh Re 
 view, xxxiv. 438-449, and since reprinted in the author's 
 Miscellaneous Writings. See also in addition to the au 
 thorities already cited 1. De Quincey's Essays on the 
 Poets and the English Writers, vol. x. of his Collected 
 Works, Bost, 1853, 12mo. 2. Allan Cunningham's Biog. 
 and Crit. Hist, of England for the last Fifty Years. 3. 
 Dibdin's Library Companion. 4. Gilfillan's Galleries of 
 Literary Portraits, i. and iii. 5. Southey's Life and Cor 
 respondence. 6. Whipple's Essays and Reviews, 2d ed., 
 ii. 125-126, and in N. Amer. Rev., Oct. 1845 ; and the fol 
 lowing articles: 7. Lon. Quar. Rev., xvii. 154; xviii. 458; 
 xix. 424 j xxii. 158 ; xxvi. 103. 8. Edin. Rev., Ixiv. 395. 
 9. Lon. Month. Rev., xcii. 153 ; xciii. 59, 250; ci. 55; cvii. 
 1; ex. 113; cxxiii. 275. 10. Edin. Month. Rev., iii. 297. 
 
 11. Blackwood's Mag., ii. 556, 558, 560, 679, 681, 683; iii. 
 71, 72, 74, 303, 550, 587; xi. 333, 370; xii. 157, 701, 702; 
 xiv. 219, 309, 313, 428; xvi. 71; xvii. 131, 361; xviii. 506; 
 xx. 786; xxi. 474; xxiii. 386,399; xxiv. 695; xxxiii. 136. 
 
 12. Dubl. Univ. Mag., viii. 406. 13. Eraser's Mag., xix. 278. 
 14. Eclec. Rev., vii. 288. 15. N. Amer. Rev., xliii. 543. 
 16. Amer. Quar. Rev., xx. 265. 17. Amer. Whig Rev., v. 
 98 ; xiv. 138. 18. Museum, ix. 154. 19. Living Age, (from 
 Jerrold's Mag.,) iv. 459. 20. South. Quar. Lit. Mess., ii. 
 617. 21. Analec. Mag., xii. 201. 
 
 Hazlitt, William, Jr., of the Middle Temple, son 
 of the preceding, and editor of his father's Works, is best 
 known as an, author by his translations of the Life of Lu 
 ther, 1846, '48, 12mo ; Michelet's Roman Republic, sm. 8vo; 
 Guizot's Hist, of the English Revolution, 1846, 12mo; 
 Guizot's Hist, of Civilization, pub. by Bogue, 1846, 3 vols. 
 12mo, again by Bohn, 1856, 3 vols. 12mo ; Thierry'? Hist, 
 of the Conquest of England by the Normans, 1847, 2 vols. 
 12mo; Hue's Travels in Tartary, &c. in 1844-46, 2 vols. 
 sq. 12mo, 1852. See also his ed. of Montaigne's Works, 
 1842, r. 8vo; of De Foe's Works, 1840, 3 vols. r. 8vo; and 
 the Lives of the British Poets, (based upon and including 
 Dr. Johnson's Lives,) 4 vols., 1854, <fec. This last-named 
 publication failed to elicit the enthusiastic commendation 
 of the sharp-sighted and quick-witted critic of the London 
 Athenaeum : see the No. for Feb. 18, 1854, pp. 207-208. 
 
 Hazlitt, William Carew, son of the preceding. 
 The History of the Origin and Rise of the Republic of 
 Venice, Lon., 1858, 2 vols. 8vo. The history is brought 
 down to the close of the thirteenth century. 
 
 " So far, it is a creditable contribution to literature, opening to 
 the English eye fresh passages and characteristics of the romantic 
 Venetian annals. . . . One result is to expose, even more signally 
 than had previously been done, the comparative worthlessnees of 
 Darn, the quarry whence most English compilations have of late 
 been drawn." Lon.Athen., 1858, 41. See also N. Amer.Rev., Oct.1858. 
 
 British Columbia and Vancouver's Island, 1858, fp. 8vo. 
 
 Head, Sir Edmund Walker, 8th Bart., son of the 
 Rev. Sir John Head, 7th Bart., b. 1805, near Maidstone, 
 Kent; Gov.-Gen. of Canada since 1854. 1. Handbook to the 
 Spanish and French Schools of Painting, Lon., 1847, p. 8vo. 
 
 " Sir Edmund is logical and analytical, lucid in style, calm in 
 temper, rejects all German transcendentalisms, and picks, with 
 
 practical English sense, the kernel from the husks, ever sacrificing 
 the second-class and trivial for the first-rate and emphatic." Lon. 
 Quar. Rev., June, 1848. 
 
 " The review of these two schools (Spanish and French) is so 
 clear and concise, that we can name no work which contains any 
 abridged histories so comprehensive as we find in this Handbook, 
 fully worthy, in every respect, of all those which have preceded 
 it." Lon. Art-Union. 
 
 See W. H. Prescott's Miscellanies, Bost., 1855, 642. 
 
 2. Kugler's Handbook of Painting : The German, Flem 
 ish, and Dutch Schools. Trans, by a Lady; edited, with 
 Notes, by Sir E. H., 1843, p. 8vo. 
 
 " Translated by a lady, and edited, with notes, by Sir Edmund 
 Head, aided by the advice of Mr. Eastlake, Mr. Gruner, and Mr. 
 Ford, this volume presents us with a view of the German, Flemish, 
 and Dutch schools of Painting. We recommend it as a very candid 
 and excellent production." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 Head, Erasmus, Preb. of Carlisle. 1, 2. Senns. 
 Lon., 1746, '47, both 8vo. 3. Roman Antiq., 1773. 
 
 Head, Sir Francis Bond, brother of Sir Edmund 
 Walker Head, Bart, K.C.H., b. 1793, formerly a major in 
 the Royal Army, and Lieut. Governor of Upper Canada 
 1835-38, now in the receipt of a good-service pension of 
 100 per annum. 1. Rough Notes taken during some Rapid 
 Journeys across the Pampas and among the Andes, Lon., 
 1826, 8vo; 4th ed., 1847, p. 8vo. These rapid journeys ob 
 tained for the hurried traveller the sobriquet of " Galloping 
 Head," from "the manner in which he scoured across the 
 Pampas." 
 
 " The gay captain scampers across the Pampas plains at the rate 
 of a hundred to a hundred and twenty miles a day. . . . His are 
 mere sketches, it is true, but the outline is generally so well and 
 clearly denned as to produce all the effect of a finished picture." 
 ROBERT SOUTHEY : Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxiv. 114-148. 
 
 " This book has all the interest of a novel." Lon. Eclec. Rev. 
 
 " Every reader may draw entertainment and instruction from 
 his book." N. Amer. Rev., xxiv. 295-321. 
 
 2. Reports relating to the Failure of the Rio Plata 
 Mining Association, 1827, p. 8vo. 3. Bubbles from the 
 Brunnen of Nassau, by an Old Man, 1833, p. 8vo, 6th 
 ed., 1841, 16mo. 
 
 "Just suited for the pocket and for Rhine travellers." ion. 
 Athen&um. 
 
 4. Narrative of his Administration in Upper Canada, 
 1839, 8vo; 3d ed., same year. Respecting the topics dis 
 cussed in this work, see Men of the Time, London, 1856; 
 Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 287, 316; Dubl. Univ. Mag., 
 xiii. 501-519; Westminster Rev., xxxii. 426; Eclec. Rev.. 
 4th Ser., v. 556. 
 
 "Sir Francis Head's Narrative is a very remarkable one, being 
 one of the most clear, unreserved, and honest accounts ever ren 
 dered by a public servant, of the arts, the principles, and the policy 
 of an unpopular administration. Few provincial governors could 
 have to relate so interesting, so arduous, and so successful a strug 
 gle." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 " A lively, pleasant, self-complacent piece of egoism, .... di 
 rectly opposite in all its characteristics to the Report of Lord Dur 
 ham ; but this we say without reference to the principles advocated 
 by either party." ion. Athenaum, 1839, 169. 
 
 5. Life of Bruce, 1844, '48, 18mo. 6. The Emigrant; 3d 
 ed., 1846; 6th ed., 1852, p. 8vo. 
 
 " From this the future Mahon will gather the means of enliven 
 ing the detail of our annals ; from this the Macaulay of another 
 day will draw the minute circumstances which preserve the very 
 form and image of the past." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 " The most minute and accurate autobiography could hardly 
 have done more to explain Sir Francis Head's character and career 
 
 than the little work before us We have now pretty well 
 
 picked our crow, and we may safely dismiss the political history 
 and theories of Sir Francis Head into the region of chimeras and 
 confusion." Edin. Rev., Ixxxv. 358-397. 
 
 7. Stokers and Pokers Highways and Byways, 1850, 
 
 L8vo. Originally pub. in the Lon. Quarterly ; now en- 
 ged and altered. 
 
 " It is a very clever, rapid, graphic, and effective series, descrip 
 tive of the difficulties attendant on the construction, maintenance, 
 and working of a great railway, with illustrations from such scenes 
 as may be witnessed daily on the line." Lon. Examiner. 
 
 8. The Defenceless State of Great Britain, 1850, p. 8vo. 
 "A most timely and needful warning, which every one will do 
 
 well to consider We venture to think that it will not be 
 
 without some effect, however it may be assailed by vulgar abuse 
 or depreciated by contemptible flippancy." Blackwood's Mag.. 
 Dec. 1850. 
 
 " It is calculated to rouse all the old women in the country. 
 Such a fee-fa-fum of a book we never read. The Duke's letter to 
 Sir John Burgoyne was nothing to it; and it beats even Lord 
 Ellesmere hollow." Lon. Examiner. 
 
 " To a large class of persons he will appear to have done more 
 good than harm, even by the publication of a book so full of ex 
 aggeration that it is difficult to say whether it should be classed 
 with our serious or with our imaginative literature." Lon. Athe 
 naeum, 1850, 1189. 
 
 " It is indeed our sense of the real danger, and our anxiety for 
 a practical remedy, that have induced us to combat at such length 
 Sir Francis Head's various propositions ; some of which, we think, 
 are too slight to support his arguments, and others too vast and 
 too vague to satisfy the common sense of the country." Lon. 
 Quar. Rev., Ixxxviii. 269-316. 
 
IIEA 
 
 HEA 
 
 9. A Fortnight in Ireland, 1852, 8vo. 
 
 "Having blown his 'bubbles' in Germany, and burnt up his 
 ' French faggot,' the author seeks on Irish ground to amuse him 
 self and his readers by comic sketches interspersed with general 
 reflections made in his own peculiar style." Lon. Athenaeum, 1852, 
 1201. 
 
 10. A Faggot of French Sticks; or, Paris in 1851, 2 vols. 
 p. 8vo, 1852 ; 3d ed., 1855, 2 vols. 
 
 " He took with him to his task the kindly spirit and minute 
 observation for which he is distinguished, and, on his return to 
 England, cast his notes and reminiscences into volumes, summon 
 ing to his aid the easy cheerful style and sly humour which have 
 long caused his name to sound harmoniously in the ears of all 
 lovers of a genial and amusing book. We rejoice that this book 
 is one we can honestly praise." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 "Very curious, readable, and in some sense informing; but, 
 perhaps, its most remarkable feature is, how much may be seen in 
 Paris in a short time by a man who resolutely sets about it." 
 Lon. Spectator. 
 
 " If Sir Francis knew how much we admire his books, we almost 
 think (though that is saying much) that his feelings towards the 
 American Republic would become somewhat kinder and gentler. 
 .... From the delightful Bubbles from the Brunnen, with its 
 quaint, half-deprecatory motto,'" Bubble," (bobbel, Dutch,) any 
 thing that wants solidity and firmness : (Johnson's Dictionary)' 
 down to the Faggot, and including the more recent work on Ire 
 land, we find everywhere the same freshness, the same vividness 
 of narration, and the same good sense. The Bubbles are not alto 
 gether empty and fragile ; the Faggot is not wholly composed of 
 dry and crooked sticks." N. Amer. Rev.: Travellers in France, 
 Ixxvi. 397-428. 
 
 See an article on Sir Francis's Works in the Westminster 
 Review, xxxi. 461. 
 
 Head, Sir George, 1782-1855, brother of the pre 
 ceding. 1. Forest Scenes and Incidents in the Wilds of N. 
 America, Lon., 1829, 8vo; new ed., 1839, p. 8vo. 
 
 "The Rough Notes of Captain Head on his gallop across South 
 America are not more unlike ordinary travels than this Diary of 
 a winter's journey in British America, and a summer residence in 
 the woods there." ROBERT SOCTHEY : Lon. Quar. Rev., xlii. 80-105. 
 
 2. A Home Tour through the Manufacturing Districts 
 of England in 1835, 2d ed., 1836, 8vo. 3. A Home Tour, 
 Ac. j a continuation of the preceding, 1837, 8vo; 3d ed. of 
 both, 1840, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Reviewed by Robert Southey 
 in Lon. Quar. Rev., lix. 316-327. 
 
 4. Rome ; a Tour of Many Days, 1849, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " The present work is intended for the general public, to furnish 
 to the numerous readers at home and abroad a simple and distinct 
 account of Rome and its Antiquities." Preface. 
 
 " It is out of the question to convey by such means as are at 
 our command any just idea of the mass of intelligence collected 
 by Sir George Head. He seems to make us acquainted with every 
 inch of Rome, and to leave nothing for future workmen to do in 
 revealing its smallest features. The roads, the streets, the palaces, 
 the churches, the relics of every kind, and the inhabitants also, 
 are all set before us in the best possible order. In short, it is a 
 standard work, to last like Rome." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 5. Trans, from the Italian of Cardinal Pacca's Hist. 
 Memoirs of himself, with Notes, 1850, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 "To those who are desirous of informing themselves minutely 
 regarding Napoleon's relations with the Papacy from 1808 to 1814, 
 this work will be extremely interesting." ion. Athenaeum. 
 
 6. Trans, of Apuleius's Metamorphoses ; or, the Golden 
 Ass, 1851, p. 8vo. This is commended as an excellent 
 translation. 
 
 "It may be read with interest and instruction as a most trust 
 worthy description of the habits, manners, and customs prevailing 
 in the Roman provinces in the second century of the Christian 
 era." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 Head, James Roper. Political tracts, 1796, '97. 
 Head, Rev. Sir John, Bart., of Hermitage, near 
 Rochester. 1. Serm., 1803, 8vo. 2. Discourses, 1818, 8vo. 
 Head, Michael. Azora; a Metrical Romance, in 
 four Cantos, 1814, 8vo. 
 
 Head, Richard, drowned in 1678, was the author 
 of Hie et Ubique, or the Humours of Dublin ; a Comedy, 
 Lon., 1663, 4to; Parts 1 and 2 of the English Rogue, 
 (Parts 3 and 4 were by Francis Kirkinan;) and some 
 other works. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 890: Biog. Dra- 
 mat, iv. 321-322; Winstanley's Lives of the Eng Poets. 
 Head, Mrs. Thomasen. The Pious Mother: or, 
 Evidences for Heaven, Lon., 1839, 16mo. Written in 1650. 
 tteadlam, John. Lett, to the Rt. Hon. Robert Peel 
 on Prison Labour^ Lon., 1823. Reviewed by Rev. Sydney 
 Smith, in Edm. Rev., Jan 1824 
 
 f m? * lai ?' T ^H as E " M ' P " Q-- L Trustee Act 
 of 1850, &c., Lon., 18oO, 8vo ; 3d ed., 1855, 12mo. 2. Supp. 
 
 to Dame 11 s Chancery Practice, bringing it down to 1851, 
 8vo, 1851. 3. New Chancery Acts, & c ., 1852, 8vo 
 
 "The eminent position of Mr.Headlam entitles his work on th 
 New Chancery Acts to an early notice in our pages- and his rm 
 nions on the recent changes in Equity Jurisdiction and 
 deserve the most respectful consideration._Ze0aZ 
 
 Hcadlam, John. Serm., 1804, 8vo. 
 Headland, Frederick W. Essay on the Action of 
 Medicmes^in the System, Lon., 1850, 8vo; 2d ed., 1855, 8vo. 
 
 "The very favourable opinion which we were amongst the first 
 to pronounce upon this essay has been fully confirmed by the 
 general voice of the profession : and Dr. Headland may now be con 
 gratulated upon having produced a treatise which has been weighed 
 in the balance and found worthy of being ranked with our stand 
 ard medical works." Lon. Lancet. 
 
 Headley, Henry, 1766-1788, a native of Norwich, 
 ducated at Trin. Coll., Oxford, pub. a vol. of Poems and 
 other Pieces in 1786, 8vo, contributed to the Gent. Mag. 
 under the signature of C. T. 0., wrote No. 16 of the Olla 
 Podrida, (2d ed., Lon., 1788, 8vo,) pub. several papers in 
 The Lucubrations of Abel Slug, and gave to the world, in 
 1787, Select Beauties of Ancient English Poets, with Re 
 marks, 2 vols. cr. 8vo. A new ed. of this work appeared 
 "n 1810, 2 vols. cr. 8vo, with a Biographical Sketch of the 
 author, by the Rev. Henry Kett, Fellow of Trin. Coll., 
 Oxford. Headley designed and pub. two vols. similar to 
 the preceding. 
 
 "He included, under the unostentatious and general term Re 
 marks, a Preface, Introduction, Biographical Sketches, Notes, and 
 
 a Supplement His principles of criticism are sound, his 
 
 remarks are pertinent, and they are often made with a degree of 
 acuteness, force, and discrimination, that would have done credit 
 even to a Johnson or a Walpole The collection of the twenty- 
 nine Biographical Sketches of the old English Poets may be con 
 sidered as a rich cabinet of exquisite portraits, finished with all 
 the truth and spirit of a Vandyke. They possess a peculiar deli 
 cacy of touch and fidelity of character. The colours are vivid ; 
 the features of each person are discriminated with the greatest 
 precision ; and we have only to regret that we have no more com 
 positions of the kind from the same masterly hand. The following 
 selections afford ample specimens of his diligence as well as of his 
 talents and taste." REV. HENRY KETT : Biog. Sketch, ubi supra. 
 
 See Sir S. E. Brydges's Pref. to his ed. of Phillips's 
 Theat. Poet. Anglic., Ixx., Ixxi. ; Blackwood's Mag., xxxviii. 
 677. 
 
 Headley, Rev. Joel Tyler, b. at Walton, Delaware 
 county, New York, Dec. 3, 1814, graduated at Union Col 
 lege in 1839, and subsequently pursued his theological 
 studies at the Auburn Theological Seminary. After being 
 licensed in the city of New York, he removed to Stock- 
 bridge, Mass., and, for about two years and a half, officiated 
 as pastor of a church in that place. Obliged from failure 
 of his health to abandon his intention of devoting himself 
 to the ministry, he determined to test the effects of foreign 
 travel upon his constitution, and, in pursuance of this reso 
 lution, passed the years 1842-43 in Italy and other por 
 tions of the Continent. Upon his return home, in 1844, 
 he gave to the world the results of his observations, in two 
 vols., which met with a reception sufficiently favourable to 
 make the tourist henceforth an author by profession. In 
 May, 1850, Mr. Headley was married to Miss Anna A. 
 Russel, a niece of Rev. Dr. Wm. Ellery Channing; and 
 in 1851 he erected a villa on the banks of the Hudson, 
 just above the Highlands, "commanding a view of sur 
 passing beauty and grandeur." In 1854 he was elected a 
 member of the Legislature of New York. 
 
 Mr. Headley's first American ancestor was the eldest son 
 of an English baron, and of the same family as the present 
 Sir Francis Headley. We subjoin a list of Mr. H.'s pro 
 ductions : 
 
 1. A translation from the German, 1844. Anon. 2. Let 
 ters from Italy, 1845, 12mo. 
 
 " A work upon which a man of taste will be gratified to linger. 
 It possesses the unfatiguing charms of perfect simplicity and 
 truth. ... We meet everywhere the evidences of manly feeling, 
 pure sympathies, and an honorable temper. In many of the pas 
 sages there is a quiet and almost unconscious humour, which 
 reminds us of the delicate raillery of the Spectator. The style is 
 delightfully free from every thing bookish and commonplace. It 
 is natural, familiar, and idiomatic. It approaches, as a work of 
 that kind ought to do, the animation, variety, and ease of spoken 
 language." R. W. GRISWOLD : Prose Writers of America, 4th ed., 
 Phila., 1852. 
 
 See South. Rev., x. 85 ; Democratic Rev., (by H. T. 
 Tuckerman,) cxvii. 203 ; Lon. Athenaeum, 1845, 957-60. 
 
 3. The Alps and the Rhine; a Series of Sketches, 1845, 
 12mo. 
 
 " In a former number of this journal (Ath., No. 936) we cha 
 racterized Mr. Headley's Letters from Italy as ' teeming with ego- 
 tism, somewhat meagre in detail, and ambitious in execution.' 
 We find the Alps and the Rhine yet more open to such a criticism." 
 Lon. Athenceum, 1846, 291. 
 
 " That it is a pleasant miscellaneous tour is all that can be said 
 about it." Lon. Literary Gazette, 1846, 379. 
 
 4. Napoleon and his Marshals, 1846, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " He has taken the subject up with ardour, but with little pre 
 vious preparation : the work, therefore, indicates imperfect infor 
 mation, immature views of character, and unconsidered opinions. 
 The style has the same melodramatic exaggeration which the 
 whole design of the work exhibits. Yet unquestionably there is 
 power manifested even in the feults of these brilliant sketches." 
 R. W. GRISWOLD : ubi supra. 
 
 See reviews by W. B. 0. Peabody, Chris. Exam., xlii. 
 174; by W. T. Bacon, New Englander, iv. 364; by G. H. 
 Colton, Amer. Whig Rev., iii. 537; iv. 86. 
 
HEA 
 
 5. The Sacred Mountains, 1846, 8vo and 12mo. See 
 Griswold's Prose Writers of America; Poe's Literati. 
 6. Washington and his Generals, 1847, 2 vols. 12mo. See 
 South. Lit. Mess., xiii. 316 ; Amer. Whig Rev., (by G. H. 
 Colton,) v. 517, 638. 7. Life of Oliver Cromwell, 1848, 
 12mo. See Democratic Rev., xxii. 333. 8. Sacred Scenes 
 and Characters, 1849, 8vo and 12mo. 9. The Adirondack ; 
 or, Life in the Woods, 1849. In this work Mr. Headley 
 relates his explorations in the Adirondack region of the 
 State of New York. See Lon. Athenaeum, 1849, 833-34. 
 10. Sketches and Rambles, 1850, 12mo. 11. Miscellanies, 
 1850, 12mo. The authorized edit, is pub. by Scribner. 
 12. The Old Guard of Napoleon, from Marengo to Water 
 loo, 1851, 12mo. This is based principally upon the his 
 tory of Emile Marco de St. Hilaire. See Lon. Athenaeum, 
 1852, 1117. 13. Lives of Winfield Scott and Andrew 
 Jackson, 1852, 12mo. 14. Hist, of the Second War be 
 tween England and the United States, 1853, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 15. The Sacred Plains of the Bible, 1855, 12mo. This work 
 was written by J. H. Headley, an Englishman who died 
 in Buffalo in 1858. 16. Life of General Washington, 
 N. York, 1857. A uniform ed. of Mr. Headley 's Works, in 
 12 vols., was pub. previously to the appearance of several 
 of his later productions. So great has been the demand 
 for his writings that the sale had reached 200,000 vols. up 
 to 1853. In addition to the criticisms above noticed, the 
 reader will find further remarks on Mr. Headley's writings 
 in Amer. Whig Review, vol. ii. ; Meth. Quar. Rev., viii. 
 84 ; and articles by E. 0. Dunning, in New Englander, v. 
 402 ; vi. 482. 
 
 Headley, Rev. Phineas Camp, b. at Walton, 
 Delaware county, New York, June 24, 1819, is a brother 
 of the preceding. 1. Historical and Descriptive Sketches 
 of the Women of the Bible, Auburn, 1850, 12mo. 2. Life 
 of the Empress Josephine ; new ed., N. York, 1850, 12mo. 
 3. Life of Lafayette; new ed., 1855, 12mo. 4. Life of 
 Louis Kossuth, Ac., Auburn, 1852, 12mo. 5. Life of Mary, 
 Queen of Scots, 5th ed., 1856, 12mo. Mr. Headley has 
 been a contributor to the Christian Parlor Magazine, the 
 New York Observer, the New York Tribune, the Boston 
 Traveller, and other periodicals. 
 
 Headrick, Rev. James. 1. Mineralogy, Agricul 
 ture, Manufactures, Ac. of the Island of Arran, Edin., 
 1807, 8vo. 2. Agriculture of the County of Angus, or For- 
 farshire, Lon., 1807, (1813 ?) 8vo. 
 
 " By far the most scientific of the reports of the Scotch commit 
 tees." Donaldson's AgriciM. Biog. 
 
 Headrick, John. Chymical Secrets, Lon., 1697, 8vo. 
 
 Heald, W. M. Letter to Methodists, 1813. 
 
 Healde, Thomas, M.D. Profess, works, 1769-1805. 
 
 Heale, Wm. An Apologie for Women, Ac., Oxf., 
 1609, 4to. This is an answer to Gager's ungallant posi 
 tion " That it was lawfull for Husbands to beate their 
 Wives." We have already visited the miserable Gager 
 with deserved reprehension: see GAGKR, WM. 
 
 Healey, John. Discovery of a New World, Teuter- 
 belly, New Land, and Forliana, Lon., 8vo. This is a 
 humorous version of Bishop Hall's Mundus Alter et Idem. 
 See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 890. 
 
 Heap, Henry. Serm., Luke xxiii. 42, 43, Lon., 1829, 
 12mo. 
 
 Heard, F. F. 1. Duty of Justices of the Peace in 
 Criminal Prosecutions, by Daniel Davis ; 3d ed., revised 
 and greatly enlarged, Bost., 8vo. 2. In conjunction with 
 Charles R. Train, Precedents of Indictments, Special Pleas, 
 Ac., adapted to Amer. Practice, with Notes, 1855, 8vo. A 
 most valuable work. 3. In conjunction with Edmund 
 Hastings Bennett, A Selection of Leading Cases in Crimi 
 nal Law, with Notes, vol. i., 1856, 8vo, pp. 616. This work 
 should accompany Smith's Leading Cases, and Hare and 
 Wallace's American Leading Cases : see HARE, J. I. CLARK, 
 and WALLACE, HORACE BINNEY. 
 
 Heard, Wm. Sentimental Journey to Bath, Ac.; a 
 Descrip. Poem and Miscell. Pieces, Lon., 1778, 4to. 
 
 Hearn, Edward. On John xi. 48, Lon., 1844, sm. 
 8vo. 
 
 Hearn, Thomas, M.D. View of the Rise and Pro 
 gress of Freedom in Modern Europe, Ac., Lon., 1793, 8vo. 
 
 Hearn, Thomas. Garrison at Portsmouth, 1807. 
 
 Hearne, Erasmus. The Antiquarian School; or, 
 The City Latin Electrified, Lon., 1761, fol. 
 
 Hearne or Herne, Samuel. Domus Carthusiana; 
 an Account of the Charter-House, Lon., 1677, 8vo. 
 
 Hearne, Samuel, 1745-1792, a native of London, 
 for soine years a midshipman in the Royal Navy under 
 Lord Hood, on the conclusion of the war entered into the 
 service of the Hudson's Bay Company, which despatched 
 
 HEA 
 
 him on an expedition to find out the North- West Passage. 
 The results of his explorations will be found in the follow 
 ing work pub. after his decease : Journey from the Prince 
 of Wales's Fort, in Hudson's Bay, to the Northern Ocean ; 
 undertaken by order of the Hudson's Bay Company, for 
 the Discovery of Copper-Mines, a North- West Passage, Ac., 
 in the years 1769, '70, '71, 72, Lon., 1795, 4to, pp. 458, 
 with plates. 
 
 " This valuable work contains the account of the first European 
 who penetrated to the ocean north of America." PINKERTON. 
 
 " It is impossible to read it without feeling a deep interest, and 
 without reflecting on and cherishing the inestimable blessings of 
 civilized society." ion. Month. Rev. 
 
 Hearne, Thomas, 1678-1735, an eminent antiquary, 
 a native of White-Waltham, Berkshire, educated at Ed 
 mund Hall, Oxford, Assistant Librarian of the Bodleian 
 Library, compiled and edited forty-one works, which he 
 enriched to a greater or less extent by his annotations. 
 Among the best-known of his publications, which were 
 principally pub. by subscription at Oxford, are 1. Ductor 
 Historicus ; or, a Short System of Universal History, 1704, 
 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed. of vol. L, 1705, 8vo; 1714> 2 vols. 8vo; 
 1724, 2 vols. 8vo. Best ed. A good work in its day, but 
 now superseded. 2. Reliquiae Bodleianae, 1703, 8vo. 
 3. Livy, 1708, 6 vols. 8vo. 4. Spelman's Life of Alfred 
 the Great, 1709, 8vo. 5. Leland's Itinerary, 1710-12, 9 
 vols. 8vo ; 2d ed., 1744-45, 9 vols. 8vo ; 3d ed., 1768-70, 
 9 vols. 8vo. 6. Leland's Collectanea, 1715, 6 vols. 8vo. 
 Editio altera, Ac., 1770 vel 1774, 6 vols. 8vo. 7. Acta 
 Apostolorum, 1715, 8vo. See Home's Introduc. to the 
 Scriptures. 8. Titi Livii Foro-Juliensis Vita Henrici 
 Quinti, Regis Angliae, 1716, 8vo. 9. Aluredi Bevarlacensis 
 Annales, 1716, 8vo. 10. Gulielmi Roperi Vita D. Thomae 
 Mori Equitus Aurati, 1716, 8vo. 11. Gulielmi Camdeni 
 Annales Rerum Anglicarum et Hibernicarum Regnante 
 Elizabetha, 1717, 3 vols. 8vo. 12. Gulielmi Neubrigensis 
 Historia, 1719, 3 vols. 8vo. 13. Thomaa Sprotti Chronica, 
 1719, 8vo. 14. A Collect, of Curious Discourses written 
 by Eminent Antiquaries upon English Antiq., 1720, 8vo; 
 1765, 2 vols. 8vo; 1773, 2 vols. 8vo. This edition has all 
 the Dissertations contained in the original work, with the 
 addition of a complete collection of the discourses delivered 
 by the founders of the Antiquarian Society. New ed., 1829, 
 2 vols. 8vo. This collection contains discourses on the An 
 cient Britons, Etymology, Duelling, Money, Epitaphs, Ac. 
 15. Textus Roffensis, 1720, 8vo. 16. Robert! de Avesbury 
 Historia de Mirabilibus Gestis Edwardi III., 1720, 8vo. 
 17. Johannis de Fordun Scotichronicon Genuinum, 1722, 
 5 vols. 8vo. 18. Hist, and Antiq. of Glastonbury, 1722, 
 8vo. 19. Hemingi Chartularium Ecclesiae Wigormensis, 
 
 1723, 2 vols. 8vo. 20. Robert of Gloucester's Chronicle, 
 
 1724, 2 vols. 8vo; 1810, 2 vols. 8vo. 21. Peter Langtoft'a 
 Chronicle, 1725, 2 vols. 8vo ; 1810, 2 vols. 8vo. Mr. Bag- 
 ster reprinted the two last-named works, and had intended 
 to issue a uniform ed. of Hearne's publications ; but the 
 project lacked encouragement. 22. Liber Niger Scaccarii, 
 1728, 2 vols. 8vo ; 1774, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " The Black Book of the Exchequer, a thing of great note and 
 curiosity, and the most authentic on record of its kind that we 
 have for our families, next to Domesday Book." Hearne to Rich 
 ardson. 
 
 23. Thomae Caii Vindiciae Antiquitatis Academiae Oxon- 
 iensis, 1730, Ac., 1730, 2 vols. 8vo. 24. A Vindic. of those 
 who took the Oath of Allegiance to King William, 1731, 8vo. 
 
 Hearne afterwards became a Nonjuror, and this treatise 
 was published by the opposite party in his lifetime. The 
 preface contains a satirical biography of him. The address 
 to the reader contains some interesting memorials of 
 Hearne, and bibliographical notices of his works. 
 
 In 1737, r. fol., Mr. West had printed, for presents, 50 
 copies of Ectypa varia ad Historiam Britannicam illus- 
 trandum, aere olim insculpta studio et cura Thomae Hearne. 
 Bindley's copy of this work was sold for 11 11. Many 
 of Hearne's publications come under our notice in our 
 accounts of their respective authors. For further infor 
 mation concerning this eminent antiquary, see Impartial 
 Memorials of the Life and Writings of Thomas Hearne, 
 M.A., by several Hands, Lon., 1736, 8vo; Lives of Leland, 
 Hearne, and Wood, Oxf., 1772, 2 vols.r. 8vo; Biog. Brit.; 
 Dibdin's bibliographical publications ; Letters by Eminent 
 Persons; Gough's Brit. Topog. ; Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; Oldys'a 
 Brit. Lib.; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; Gent. Mag., Ivii., Iviii., 
 Ixix.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; BLISS, PHILIP, D.D., D.C.L. 
 
 In some comments upon the investigations into ancient 
 English historical treasures, Gibbon remarks : 
 
 " The last who has dug deep into the mine was Thomas Hearne, 
 a clerk of Oxford, poor in fortune, and, indeed, poor in understand 
 ing. His minute and obscure diligence, his voracious and undis- 
 tinguishing appetite, and the coarse vulgarity of his taste and 
 
HEA 
 
 HEB 
 
 style, have exposed him to the ridicule of idle wits. Yet it cannot 
 be denied that Thomas Hearne has gathered many gleanings of 
 the harvest; and, if his own prefaces are filled with crude and 
 extraneous matter, his editions will always be recommended by 
 their accuracy and use." An Address, etc.: Miscell.Wurks, ed. 1837, 
 837. 
 
 Among the "idle wits" who made Hearne the "butt of 
 their clumsy ridicule," the most famous is Pope, who ho 
 nours Thomas with a place in the Dunciad: 
 " But who is he, in closet close ypent, 
 Of sober face, with learned dust besprent? 
 Right well mine eyes arede the myster wight, 
 On parchment scraps y-fed and WORMIUS hight." 
 See Dibdin's Bibliomania, ed. 1842, 326-336. 
 Hearne, Urban, M.D. Lake Wetter; Phil. Trans., 
 1705. 
 
 Heart, Major Jonathan. Observ. on the Ancient 
 Works of Art, the Native Inhabitants, Ac. of the Western 
 Country; Trans. Amer. Soc., vol. iii. 214. 
 
 Heartwell, Henry. The Prisoner; a Comic Opera, 
 from the French, Lon., 1799, 8vo. See Biog. Dramat. 
 Heasel, Anthony. Servants' Book, Lon., 1773, 8vo. 
 Heath, Benjamin, d. 1766, Recorder of Exeter. 1. 
 Divine Existence, Unity, and Attributes, 1740. 2. Notse 
 eive Lectiones ad Tragicorum Grsecorum veterum ^Eschyli, 
 Ac., 1752, '62, '64, 4to. The principal object of this es 
 teemed work is to restore the metre of the Greek Tragic 
 Poets. 3. Excise-Duty on Cyder and Perry, 1763, 4to. 4. 
 A Revival of Shakespeare's Text, 1765, 8vo. 5. Heath 
 and Stoddart's Shakespeare, 1807, 6 vols. 4to. See Nichols's 
 Lit. Anec. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Heath, Charles. 1. Descrip. Accounts of Persfield 
 and Chepstow, Monmouth, 1793, 8vo. 2. Tintern Abbey, 
 1793, 1806, 8vo. 3. Ragland Castle, 1801, '06, 8vo. 4. 
 Hist, of Monmouth, 1804, 8vo. 5. Excursion down the 
 Wye, 1808, 8vo. 
 
 Heath, Charles, d. 1848, gained great reputation by 
 his Books of Beauty and other annuals, the Caricature 
 Scrap-Book, Shakspeare Gallery, Waverley Gallery, and 
 many series of splendid engravings. See Southey's Life 
 and Correspondence ; Lon. Athenaeum, Nov. 25, 1848. 
 
 Heath, D. J., Vicar of Brading, Isle of Wight. 1. 
 Scottish and Italian Missions to the Anglo-Saxons, Lon., 
 1845, r. 8vo. 2. The Future Human Kingdom of Christ, 
 1852-53, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. Exodus Papyri, with Chronolo 
 gical Introduction by Miss F. Corbaux, 1855, 8vo. 
 Heath, Douglass D. See ELLIS, R. LESLIE. 
 Heath, Rev. George. Hist, of Bristol, 1797, 8vo. 
 Heath, J. Trans, of P. Du Moulin's troisiesme livre 
 de l'Accomplissement des Prophe'ties, Oxon., 1613, 8vo. 
 
 Heath, James, 1629-1664, a native of London, edu 
 cated at Christ Church, Oxford. 1. A Brief Chronicle of 
 the late Intestine War in the three Kingdoms of England, 
 Scotland, and Ireland, Lon., 1661, 8vo. Afterwards en 
 larged and completed from 1637 to 1663. 4 Pts., 1633, in 
 a thick 8vo vol. With a continuation from 1633 to 1675, 
 by John Phillips, Milton's nephew, 1675, fol. Another 
 ed., continued to 1691, fol. Heath's Chronicle is princi 
 pally valued for its portraits, and copies have been sold 
 at very high prices. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 898-899. 
 The work gave great offence to the High Church party in 
 England. Wood thus expresses his indignation : 
 
 " Some copies have in them the pictures of the most eminent 
 soldiers in the said war, which makes the book valued the more 
 by some novices. [Unkind cut at the Grangerites!] But this 
 Chronicle being mostly compiled from lying pamphlets and all sorts 
 of news-books, there are innumerable errors therein, especially as to 
 name and time, things chiefly required in history." Atiien. Oxon. 
 "James Heath, whose wretchedly-printed, but by no means 
 wholly useless, performance, seems to have been put forth rather 
 as a vehicle for cuts of the sorriest possible description." Dibdin's 
 Lib.Gxnp. 
 
 2. Elegy upon Dr. Thomas Fuller, 1661. 3. Restoration 
 of Charles II., 1662, 8vo. 4. Elegy on Dr. Sanderson, 
 Bishop of Lincoln, 1662. 5. Flagellum; or, The Life 
 and Death, Birth and Burial, of Oliver Cromwell, the late 
 Usurper, 1663, 8vo; 3d ed., 1665, 8vo; 4th ed., 1669, 8vo. 
 Also in 1672, 8vo, and in 1679, 8vo. 6. English Martyrs 
 and Confessors, 1663, 12mo. 7. Survey of the United 
 Netherlands, Ac., 12mo. 
 
 "He was a good school-scholar, had a command of his Eng. and 
 Lat. pen, but wanted a head for a chronologer, and was esteemed 
 by some as a tolerable poet." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 See also Letters by Eminent Persons, 1813, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 8. England's Chronicle ; or, the Reigns of the Kings and 
 Queens to the present Reign of King William and Queen 
 Mary, 1691, 8vo. 
 
 Heath, John, Fellow of New Coll., Oxf., b. 1588, at 
 Stalls, Somersetshire. Two Centuries of Epigrammes, 
 Lon., 1610, 12mo. Sir M. M. Sykes, Pt. 1, 1426, 2 9. ; 
 Bindley, Pt. 2, 450, 9 9#. 
 
 Heath, John. Trans, from the French of Bonde- 
 loque's System of Midwifery, Lon., 1790, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Heath, Nicholas. Speech, when Lord-Chancellor 
 in 1555, on account of the Supremacy, 1688, 8vo. See 
 Lord Campbell's Lives of the Lord-Chancellors, Ac. 
 
 Heath, Robert. Clarestella; together with Poems, 
 occasional Elegies, Epigrams, Satyrs, Lon., 1650, 12mo. 
 Bindley, Pt. 2, 449, 3 3s. ; Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 351, 4. 
 
 "Nothing can be more low or ludicrous than the most of the 
 occasions which Heath thought worthy of being celebrated in song, 
 provided they happened to his mistress. Clarastella could not lose 
 her black fan, get a cold, or get dust in her eye, but Mr. Heath was 
 straight at her feet with a copy of verses in his hand." Retro 
 spective Rev., 1820, ii. 227-238, q. v. 
 
 Heath, Sir Robert. Maxims and Rules of Pleading 
 in Actions, Lon., 1694, Svo. The best eds. are by Timothy 
 Cunningham, 1771, '94, 4to. 
 
 Heath, Robert. 1. Account of the Islands of Scilly 
 and Cornwall, Lon., 1749, Svo. Reprinted in Pinkerton'a 
 Voyages and Travels, vol. ii. 
 
 "An honest detail of facts, giving a fair view of the importance 
 of these Islands to England." 
 
 2. Astronomia Accurata, 1760, 4to. 
 
 Heath, Thomas. Stenography, Lon., 1664, Svo. 
 
 Heath, Thomas, of Exeter, brother of Benjamin 
 Heath, (see ante.) An Essay towards a new English Version 
 of the Book of Job, from the Hebrew, with a Comment., 
 Ac., Lon., 1756, 4to. 
 
 " This is one of the numerous productions caused or occasioned 
 by the Warburton controversy. ... It is, on the whole, a respect 
 able performance, though the hypothesis respecting its [the Book 
 of Job's] age and author, and some of the sentiments, will not be 
 generally adopted." Orme's Bill. Bib., q. v. 
 
 "It is but justice to this new Essay upon Job, to observe that 
 the translation is in many places very different from that in com 
 mon use ; and that, in the notes, there are many observations en 
 tirely new, all of them ingenious, and many of them true." Lon. 
 Month. Rev., 0. S., xiv. 156. 
 
 Heath, William, 1737-1814, a native of Roxbury, 
 Mass., was a major-general in the American Revolutionary 
 army. Memoirs, containing Anecdotes, Details of Skir 
 mishes, Battles, and other Military Events, during the Ame 
 rican War, Bost,, 1798, Svo. 
 
 Heathcoat, Robert. Poems, 1813, 12mo. 
 
 Heathcot, Thomas, 1. Lunar Eclipse, Aug. 19, 
 1681 ; Phil. Trans., 1682. 2. Tide on the Coast of Guinea, 
 Ac. ; Phil. Trans., 1684. 
 
 Heathcote. Letter to the Lord-Mayor, 1762, Svo. 
 
 Heathcote, Charles. Corporation and Test Acts, 
 1794. 
 
 Heathcote, Ralph, D.D., 1721-1795, a native of 
 Barrow-upon-Soar, Leicestershire, educated at Jesus Coll., 
 Camb.; Vicar of Barkby, Leicestershire, 1748; Assistant 
 Preacher of Lincoln's Inn, 1753; Vicar of Sileby, 1765; 
 Rector of Sawtry-all-Saints, 1766; Preb. of Southwell, 
 1768. 1. Historia Astronomia, Camb., 1746, '47, Svo. 2. 
 Cursory Animadversions upon the Middletonian Contro 
 versy in General, 1752. 3. .Remarks upon Dr. Chapman's 
 Charge, 1752. 4. Letter to Rev. T. Fothergill, 1753. 5. 
 Sketch of Lord Bolingbroke's Philosophy, 1755, Svo. 6. 
 Reason in Religion, 1755, Svo. 7. Defence of ditto, 1756, 
 Svo. 8. Serm., 1757, Svo. 9. Concio Academica, 1759, 
 4to. 10. Discourse on the Being of God, against Atheists : 
 in two Serms., 1763, 4to. Two eds. These two are all of 
 Heathcote's 24 Boyle Serms. (1763-64) which he pub. 11. 
 Lett, to Horace Walpole, 1767, 12mo. 12. Irenarch; or, 
 Justice of the Peace's Manual, 1771, '74, '81, Svo. 13. Elec 
 tion for Leicester, 1775. 14. In conjunction with John 
 Nichols, A New Edition of the Biographical Dictionary, 
 1784, 12 vols. Svo. He contributed some articles to this 
 work, and some to the first ed. of the Biog. Diet. 
 
 Heathfield, Richard, pub. two tracts on the Na 
 tional Debt of Great Britain and Ireland, Lon., 1820, both 
 Svo ; for an account of which see McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. 
 Econ., 337 ; Blackwood's Mag., vi. 441. 
 
 Heaton, William. The Old Soldier, The Wandering 
 Lover, and other Poems ; together with a Sketch of the 
 Author's Life, Lon., 1858. See Lon. Athen., 1858, Pt, 2, 226. 
 
 Hebbes, Thomas. Serms., Lon., 1802, 8vo. Posth. 
 
 Hebdon, Returne. Guide to the Godly, 1648, 12mo. 
 
 Heber, Reginald, 1728-1804, a native of Marton, 
 Yorkshire, Fellow of Brasenose College, Rector of Hodnet. 
 1. An Elegy written among the lombs in Westminster 
 Abbey, 1762. Printed in Dodsley's Poems. 2. Verses to 
 King George III. on his Accession. Among the Oxford 
 Poems, 1761. 
 
 Heber, Reginald, D.D., April 21, 1783-April 3, 
 1826, son of the preceding, was a native of Malpas, Che 
 shire, and educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, where 
 he distinguished himself by his Latin Poem, Carmen Se- 
 
HEB 
 
 HEB 
 
 culare, his English poem of Palestine, and a prose essay 
 of great merit, entitled The Sense of Honour. After leav 
 ing college, he travelled for some time in Germany, Russia, 
 the Crimea, <fcc., and, on his return, was in 1807 admitted 
 to holy orders, and subsequently received the family living 
 of Hodnet. In 1809 he was married to Amelia, daughter 
 of Dr. Shipley, Dean of St. Asaph. In 1822 he was elected 
 to the office of Preacher to Lincoln's Inn, and in the next 
 year he succeeded Dr. Middleton in the Bishopric of Cal 
 cutta. In this vast diocese he laboured with great zeal 
 and success, until cut off by an apoplectic fit whilst bath 
 ing, April 3, 1826, in his 43d year. He was a man of 
 extensive learning, great elegance of taste, untiring energy, 
 and profound piety. As a poet, his Palestine, and his 
 translations from Pindar, deservedly place him in a high 
 rank ; his Biblical attainments were evinced by his con 
 templated Bible Dictionary, many articles of which had 
 been long prepared at the time of his death ; his powers 
 of description are admirably manifested in his Journal of 
 a Tour in India ; and his Life of Bishop Taylor, an ex 
 cellent edition of his works, prove his qualifications as a 
 biographer and an editor. 1. Palestine ; a Poem : to 
 which is added The Passage of the Red Sea ; a Fragment, 
 1809, 4to. Frequently reprinted. Palestine gained an 
 Oxford Prize in 1802, when the author was but nineteen 
 years of age. 
 
 " Such a poem, composed at such an age, has indeed some, but 
 not many, parallels in our language. Its copious diction, its per 
 fect numbers, its images so well chosen, diversified so happily, and 
 treated with so much discretion and good taste, and, above all, the 
 ample knowledge of Scripture, and of writings illustrative of 
 Scripture, displayed in it, all these things might have seemed to 
 bespeak the work of a man ' who had been long chusing and be 
 gun late,' rather than of a stripling of nineteen." Lon. Quar. 
 Rev., xxxv. 451. 
 
 " It is the fashion to undervalue Oxford and Cambridge Prize 
 Poems ; but it is a stupid fashion. Many of them are most beau 
 tiful. Heber's Palestine ! A flight, as upon Angel's wing, over the 
 Holy Land ! How fine the opening ! 
 
 " ' Reft of thy sons ! amid thy foes forlorn, 
 
 Mourn, widow'd Queen ! forgotten Zion, mourn.' " 
 
 CHRISTOPHER NORTH : Noctes Ambros., No. 22. 
 " Fine as some of these [Oxford] prize poems have unquestion 
 ably been, more especially Porteus's Death, Glynn's Day of Judg 
 ment, Grant's Restoration of Learning, and Wrangham's Holy 
 Land, still, it is doubtful whether Heber has been equalled either 
 by any preceding or succeeding competitor. It is admirably sus 
 tained throughout ; and indeed the passages relating to the build 
 ing of the Temple, and to the scenes on Calvary, pass from the 
 magnificent almost into the sublime." D. M. MOIE : Poet. Lit. 
 the Past Half-Oentury. 
 
 On the other hand, Mr. Southey considers Palestine to 
 have elicited more laudation than it can justly claim : 
 
 " As a poet he could not have supported the reputation which 
 his Palestine obtained, for it was greatly above its deserts, and the 
 character of the poem, moreover, was not hopeful ; it was too nicely 
 fitted to the taste of the age. Poetry should have its lights and 
 shades, like painting; like music, its sink and swell, its relief and 
 its repose. So far as the piece was intended for success in a com 
 petition for a prize, and for effect in public recitation, it was cer 
 tainly judiciously done to make every line tell upon the ear. But 
 to all such poetry the motto under one of Quarles's Emblems may 
 be applied : ' Tinnit, inane est.' " Letter to Henry Taylor, July 10, 
 1830 : Sauthetfs Life and Oorresp. 
 
 See an article in Amer. Quar. Rev., iv. 271. 
 
 2. Europe : Lines on the Present War, 1809, 8vo. Re 
 printed, with Palestine, The Passage of the Red Sea, 
 translations from Pindar, and some miscellaneous verses, 
 in 1812, sm. 8vo. Of Heber's Poetical Works then} have 
 been a number of eds., and several within the last few 
 years ; 5th ed., Lon., 1855, fp. 8vo. 
 
 " Although more vigorous and elaborate, it [Europe] wants th< 
 freshness and the salient points of his earlier one [Palestine] ; and, 
 although not derogatory to, did not enhance, his reputation." 
 D. M. Mont, : ubi supra. 
 
 3. The Personality and Office of the Christian Comforter 
 asserted and explained : Serms. at the Bampton Lectures, 
 1815, 8vo, 1816; 2d ed., 1818, 8vo. Included are two 
 Lectures on the Inspiration of the New Testament. 
 
 " Very learned, but not so experimental and devotional as might 
 have been wished. There are beautiful views of the subject, com 
 bined with some speculative and fanciful notions." Sicker steUi's 
 Chris. Stu. 
 
 "We venture to assure those readers who form their anticipa 
 tions of the merit of this production from the established character 
 of the author of Palestine, that they will not be disappointed in 
 the actual perusal." ion. Quar. Rev., xvii. 338-347. 
 
 4. Hymns written and adapted to the Weekly Church 
 Service of the Year, principally by Bishop Heber, 1827. 
 Fifty-eight by the Bishop ; several by the Rev. H. H. Mil- 
 man ; the others by Bishop Ken, Bishop Taylor, Watts, 
 Pope, Cowper, Addison, Tate, Brady, Sir Walter Scott, 
 fee. ; llth ed., 1842, 18mo. 
 
 " These Hymns have been by far the most popular of his pro 
 ductions, and deservedly so; for in purity and elevation of senti 
 ment, in simple pathos, and in eloquent earnestness, it would be 
 
 difficult to find any thing superior to them in the range of lyric 
 >oetry. They have the home truth of Watts, but rank much 
 ligher, as literary compositions, than the Moral and Divine Songs 
 f that great benefactor of youth; and all the devotion of Wesley 
 jr Keble, without their languor and diffuse verbosity. Heber 
 always writes like a Christian scholar, and never finds it necessary 
 ;o lower his tone on account of his subject." D. M. MOIR : ubi 
 upra. 
 
 " The hymns thus given to the world will help to dissipate that 
 delusion which hangs, like a cold spell, over many minds of much 
 eeling and understanding, that not much is to be expected from 
 a poetical vein applied to religious subjects." Blackwootfs Mag., 
 xxii. 617-633. 
 
 See article entitled "Psalmody," in Lon. Quar. Rev., 
 xxxviii. 16-53. 
 
 5. Sermons Preached in England, 1829, 8vo. 6. Sermons 
 Preached in India, 1829, Svo. 7. Parish Sermons : on the 
 Lessons, the Gospel, or the Epistle, for every Sunday in 
 the Year and for Week-day Festivals, preached in the 
 Parish Church of Hodnet, Salop, 1837, 3 vols. Svo ; 5th 
 ed., 1844, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 I believe that these Sermons will add a new interest and lustre 
 to the name of Reginald Heber, and will awaken a fresh regret 
 for his loss." -Sir Robert Inglis's Preface. 
 
 He was a man of great reading, and in his Bampton Lectures 
 has treated a most important part of the Christian faith with great 
 learning and ability. His other published sermons are such that 
 
 ~y Taylor,, 
 
 See an article by F. W. P. Greenwood, in Chris. Exam., 
 vii. 212; and one in Southern Rev., iv. 241. 
 
 8. A Journey through India, from Calcutta to Bombay, 
 with Notes upon Ceylon, and a Journey to Madras and the 
 Southern Provinces, 1828, 2 vols. 4to; 1828, 3 vols. Svo; 
 1844, 2 vols. 12mo. Sold for Mrs. Heber by Sir Robert 
 Inglis for 5000. 
 
 " This is another book for Englishmen to be proud of. ... He 
 surveys every thing with the vigilance and delight of a cultivated 
 and most active intellect, with the eye of an artist, an antiquary, 
 and a naturalist, the feelings and judgment of an English gentle 
 man and scholar, the sympathies of a most humane and gene 
 rous man, and the piety, charity, and humility of a Christian. 
 Independently of its moral attraction, we are induced to think it, 
 on the whole, the most instructive and important publication that 
 has ever been given to the world on the actual state and condition 
 of our Indian Empire." LORD JEFFREY : Edin. Rev., xlviii. 312-335. 
 
 "It forms a monument of talent, sufficient, single and alone, to 
 establish its author in a very high rank of English literature. It 
 is one of the most delightful books in the language; and will, we 
 cannot doubt, command popularity as extensive and lasting as 
 any book of travels that has been printed in our time. Certainly 
 no work of its class that has appeared since Dr. Clarke's can be 
 compared to it for variety of interesting matter, still less for ele 
 gance of execution. ... He possessed the eye of a painter and the 
 pen of a poet ; a mind richly stored with the literature of Europe, 
 both ancient and modern." Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxvii. 100-147. 
 
 " One of the most perfectly charming books of travel we ever 
 read ; gentle, tolerant, humane, and full of wisdom ; a religious 
 book in the best sense of the word, because full of charity. It is 
 lively without effort, and abounds in valuable judgments of men 
 and things, without one harsh, sarcastic or illiberal word. We 
 envy those who have it now in their power to read for the first 
 time Bishop Heber's Indian Journal." Lon. Examiner. 
 
 "Delightful contributions, full of benevolent feeling, simple, 
 beautiful delineations, and varied and gratifying details of official 
 labours." Lon. Evangelical Mag. 
 
 " Has all the charm of romance with the sterling value of truth. 
 It is eminently the most Christian because the most charitable 
 and tolerant work of the kind ever written. Residents in India 
 have repeatedly borne testimony to the fidelity of its notices of 
 men and things." Oxford Herald. 
 
 " Bishop Heber's charming Indian Journal." Camb. Chronicle. 
 
 See Blackwood's Mag., xxii. 789; xxxiii. 785; British 
 
 Critic, iv. 200. The reader should add to Heber's Indian 
 
 Journal, Letters from Madras in 1836, or First Impressions 
 
 of Life and Manners in India, by a Lady, Lon., 1846, cr. Svo. 
 
 9. The Whole Works of Bishop Jeremy Taylor, with a 
 Life of the Author, and a Critical Examination of his 
 Writings, 1822, 15 vols. Svo; 1828, 15 vols. Svo; 1839, 15 
 vols. Svo. Revised by Charles Page Eden, 1847-54, 10 
 vols. Svo. Heber's Life of Bishop Taylor has been sepa 
 rately pub., 1824, 2 vols. Svo ; 1828, Svo. 
 
 " A charming and instructive piece of biography. . . . Written 
 with all the glow of poetical feeling, and all the elegance of refined 
 scholarship." DR. DIBDIN : Lib. Comp. See Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxv. 
 455. 
 
 10. Bishop Heber's Life, by his Widow ; with his Corre 
 spondence with Eminent Literary Characters, Miscella 
 neous Papers and Poems, and an Account of his Travels 
 in Russia, Norway, <fec., 1830, 2 vols. 4to. With this work 
 must be perused The Last Days of Bishop Heber, by 
 Thomas Robinson, A.M., Archdeacon of Madras, and late 
 Domestic- Chaplain to his Lordship, 1830, 8vo. The two 
 works are reviewed in the Lon. Quar. Rev., xliii. 366-411 ; 
 Edin. Rev., lii. 431-471 ; Lon. Month. Rev., cxxii. 517- 
 529. See also British Critic, viii. 438 ; Eraser's Mag., ii. 
 121 ; article by R. Robins in the Chris. Quar. Spec., iii. 227 ; 
 
HEB 
 
 EEC 
 
 Lon. Gent. Mag., Nov. 1826 ; Essays on the Lives of Cow- | 
 per, Newton, and Heber; or, an Examination of the Course j 
 of Nature being interrupted by the Divine Government, j 
 1830, 8vo; Jamieson's Cyc. of Religious Biography; 
 Lives of Heber, by Bonner, by Taylor, and an abridgment 
 of Mrs. Heber's Memoir by a clergyman, Bost., 1856, 8vo. 
 A specimen perhaps the earliest extant of Heber's 
 poetical powers, entitled The Whippiad, a Satirical Poem, 
 will be found in Blackwood's Mag., July, 1843. Many 
 extracts from Heber's MS. Journal while travelling in the 
 Northern countries of Europe were incorporated by Dr. 
 E. D. Clarke into his travels in Germany, Russia, &c. Nor 
 should we omit to mention that Heber was one of the con 
 tributors to the London Quarterly Review. Heber de 
 signed writing a work on Scythia; but clerical duties 
 prevented the completion of this project. 
 
 The character of this estimable man has been drawn in 
 such eloquent language by a late eminent critic, that we 
 cannot do better than quote his glowing tribute, equally 
 honourable to himself and to the subject of his eulogy : 
 
 " Learned, polished, and dignified, he was undoubtedly ; yet fer 
 more conspicuously kind, humble, tolerant, and laborious; zeal 
 ous for his church too, and not forgetful of his station ; but re 
 membering it more for the duties than for the honours that were 
 attached to it, and infinitely more zealous for the religious im 
 provement, and for the happiness and spiritual and worldly good 
 of his fellow-creatures of every tongue, feith and complexion ; in 
 dulgent to all 'errors and infirmities; liberal, in the best and 
 truest sense of the word; humble, and conscientiously diffident 
 of his own excellent judgment and never-failing charity ; looking 
 on all men as the children of one God, on all Christians as the 
 redeemed of one Saviour, and on all Christian teachers as fellow- 
 labourers, bound to help and encourage each other in their arduous 
 and anxious task." LORD JEFFREY : Edin. Rev., xlviii. 314. 
 
 Heber, Richard, M.P., 1773-1833, half-brother to 
 the preceding, who was by his father's second wife, was 
 also educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, where he was 
 distinguished for his classical attainments. No other evi 
 dence of this assertion is needed than his edition of Silius 
 Italicus, (1792, 2 vols. 12mo,) pub. when he was a youth 
 of nineteen, and his Claudiani Carmina, printed (but not 
 pub.) in 1793, 2 vols. 12mo. The latter was not entirely 
 completed by Heber; but the last five leaves of the second 
 vol., with the title and address, were supplied by the late 
 Rev. Henry Drury, and recently the work has been put 
 in the market. Mr. Heber's original design was to issue 
 edits, of such of the Latin poets as were not printed in 
 Barbour's collection. The abatement of his classical zeal 
 so far at least as regards this congenial project is not 
 a little surprising. Mr. Heber also pub. an edit, of Brews- 
 ter's trans, of Persius, with the Latin text, and superin 
 tended the publication of the 3d edit, of Ellis's specimens 
 of the English Poets. From 1821 to 1826 he represented 
 the University of Oxford in Parliament. 
 
 Here perhaps we might pass on to the next article with 
 out censure, so far as the general reader is concerned; but 
 what BIBLIOMANIAC would forgive us did we omit to pay 
 a passing tribute to Richard Heber as the most voracious 
 HELLUO LIBRORUM in the annals of bibliography ? The 
 passion of book-collecting first developed itself in Richard 
 Heber when he was but a child, and it "grew with his 
 growth and strengthened with his strength." As library 
 after library was dispersed under the hammer, Heber added 
 their choicest treasures to his own enormous collection, 
 until he could call himself master of many of the coveted 
 tomes which had once graced the shelves of Dr. Farmer, 
 Isaac Reed, J. Brand, George Steevens, the Duke of Rox- 
 burghe, James Bindley, Benj. Heath, J. Perry, G. Wake- 
 field, J. Kemble, E. Malone, R. Wilbraham, J. Dent, Dr. 
 Gosset, Sir M. M. Sykes, and many others. 
 
 " On hearing of a curious book, he has been known to put him 
 self into the mail-coach, and travel three, four, or five hundred 
 miles to obtain it, fearful to entrust his commission to a letter." 
 
 Thus did the indefatigable Heber add book to book, and 
 manuscript to manuscript, until, one day, Death that re 
 morseless disperser of libraries summoned the owner of 
 this vast collection of literary wealth; and Richard Heber 
 fell "in the harness," still striving after "rare copies" and 
 
 early editions." The inventory of his treasures is thus 
 briefly told : 
 
 "Some years ago he built a new library at his house at Hodnet, 
 which is said to be full. His residence in Pimlico, where he died, 
 is filled, like Maghabecchi's at Florence, with books from the top to 
 the bottom :-every chair, every table, every passage containing 
 piles of erudition He had another house in York-street, leading 
 to Great James-street, Westminster, laden from the ground-floor 
 to the garret with curious books. He had a library in the Hteh- 
 Btreet, Oxford, an immense library at Paris, another at Antwerp 
 another at Brussels, another at Ghent, and at other places in the 
 Low Countries and in Germany. In short, there is neither end 
 nor measure to his literary stores." Obituary notice in Gent. Mag,, 
 
 816 
 
 The cost of this immense stock of books and manuscripts 
 may be estimated at about ,180,000, more than $800,000; 
 and this without any estimate for the loss of interest on 
 the investment. After Heber's death, the books in Eng 
 land were confided to the care of Messrs. Payne and Foss, 
 and sold at auction by Sotheby and Son, Mr. Evans, and 
 Mr. Wheatley. The net proceeds of the sale were about 
 55,000. If we suppose that the 3632 vols. brought from 
 Holland and subsequently sold by Wheatley in London, 
 the books in Paris, and elsewhere on the Continent, and 
 the MSS., coins, and drawings sold in London, produced a 
 net result of 10,000 additional, we have aggregate re 
 ceipts of 65,000 against 180,000 expenditure, or a loss 
 of about half a million of dollars, exclusive of interest ! 
 
 Here indeed we have the development of the Biblioma 
 nia in its most furious type. What an amount of ignorance 
 might have been enlightened, vice reformed, sorrow com 
 forted, and misery gladdened, by the judicious application 
 of this vast sum ! The collecting of books to a certain 
 extent is laudable, and to be encouraged ; but such enor 
 mous private accumulations tend rather to lock up know 
 ledge than to diffuse it. 
 
 Dr. Dibdin estimates Heber's collections in England to 
 have contained about 105,000 vols. ; but, not satisfied with 
 a loose estimate, we some years before we fell into this 
 habit of writing Dictionaries made a careful computation, 
 and find the result to be as follows : 
 
 Books in collections in England, vols. about 113,195 
 
 Brought from Holland 3,632 
 
 Boulard's Library, purchased by Heber in Paris 30,000 
 
 146,827 
 
 To this number is to be added a large quantity of 
 pamphlets, bound and unbound. The number of the 
 days consumed by the London sale was no less than 216. 
 How many more books Mr. Heber possessed in various 
 parts of Europe, at the time of his death, we have no 
 means of knowing; but the volumes already enumerated 
 exceed by about fifty per cent, the contents of the largest 
 library in America. 
 
 Much more we might discourse of Richard Heber, the 
 famous Atticus of Dibdin's Bibliomania, the beloved 
 friend of Scott, who has immortalized him in the Intro 
 duction to Marmion, the generous lender of scarce 
 volumes to needy scholars and black-letter editors ; but 
 respecting these matters we must refer the reader to Dib 
 din's Decameron, Bibliomania, Library Companion, <fcc.; 
 Gentleman's Magazine, January, 1834; Southey's Life 
 and Correspondence; Lockhart's Life of Scott; and see 
 DIBDIN, THOMAS FROGNALL, D.D. ; FERRIAR, JOHN, M.D. 
 
 Heberden, Thomas, M.D., Physician at Madeira. 
 Con. on nat. philos., astronomy, &c. to Phil. Trans., 1751, 
 '65, '67, '70 ; on the Elephantinis, to Med. Trans., 1768. 
 
 Heberden, William, M.D., 1710-1801, an eminent 
 English physician, a native of London, educated at St. 
 John's Coll., Camb., practised first at Edinburgh, and sub 
 sequently, from 1746-1801, in London. In addition to his 
 Essay on Mithridatium and Theriaca, (Lon., 1745, 8vo,) and 
 profess, papers in Phil. Trans., Med. Transac., and Med. 
 Obs. and Inq., (1750-85,) he left in MS. the following im 
 portant work, pub. by his son : Commentarii de Morborum 
 Historia et Curatione, Lon., 1802, 8vo. Also pub. in Eng 
 lish, at the same time, Cura Soemraerring, Frank., 1804, 8vo. 
 A new ed. has recently been pub. in Phila. This valuable 
 work contains 102 articles in alphabetical order, the results 
 of observations made at the bedsides of his patients. He 
 was a man of profound piety, and greatly esteemed by all 
 classes of men. 
 
 "Dr. Heberden was one of the best classical scholars of his time, 
 and one of the most perfectly-instructed medical men England 
 has ever possessed." DR. MCCONNECHY. 
 
 Heberden, William, Jr., M.D., son of the preced 
 ing. 1. The Plague, Ac., Lon., 1801, 8vo. An Examina 
 tion of this work was pub. by Wm. Falconer, M.D., Bath, 
 1802, 8vo. 2. Morborum Puerilium Epitome, Lon., 1804, 
 8vo. In English, by J. Smith, M.D., 1806, 12mo. In 
 English, by the author, 1807, 8vo. 3. Oratio Harveiana, 
 1809, 4to. 4. Con. to Med. Trans., 1813, '15. 
 
 Heck, Caspar John. Complete System of Harmony, 
 Lon., 4to. 
 
 Heckwelder, Rev. John, 1743-1810, a Moravian 
 missionary, a native of Bedford, England, laboured for 
 many years with great zeal among the Delaware Indians. 
 He was persuaded by Dr. Wistar to give the results of his 
 observations to the world. The following appeared in 
 Trans, of the Hist, and Literary Committee of the Amer. 
 Phil. Soc., Phila., vol. i. : 
 
 1. An Account of the History, Manners, and Custom* 
 
HEC 
 
 HEL 
 
 of the Indian Nations who once inhabited Pennsylvania 
 and the neighbouring States, pp. 350. This was trans, 
 into English by P. S. Duponceau, and pub. at Paris, 1822, 
 8vo, pp. 571. 2. Correspondence betwen Mr. Heckwelder 
 and Mr. Duponceau on the Languages of the American 
 Indians, pp. 100. 3. Words, Phrases, and Short Dialogues 
 in the Language of the Lenni Lenape, pp. 16. Mr. Heck- 
 welder also pub. (4.) A Narrative of the Mission of the 
 United Brethren among the Delaware and Mohegan In 
 dians, from 1740 to 1808, interspersed with Anecdotes, 
 Historical Facts, Speeches of Indians, Ac., 1820, 4to; 
 some papers in Barton's Medical Journal; and several on 
 natural history, in Trans. Amer. Soc., vols. iv., vi., and 
 xii. His account of the Indians excited considerable at 
 tention, and was favourably received by Nathan Hale, in 
 the North American Review, ix. 155-178, and by J. Pick 
 ering, in the same periodical, ix. 179-187 ; it was unfavour 
 ably noticed, with the admission of some merits, by General 
 Lewis Cass, in the same journal, xxii. 64; xxvi. 357-403. 
 It was also attacked by John Penington, an intelligent 
 antiquary of Philadelphia, in a Review of Yates and 
 Moulton's History of New York, pub. in the United States 
 Review, January, 1834. There also appeared upon this 
 subject A Vindication of the Rev. Mr. Heckwelder's His 
 tory of the Indian Nations, by Wm. Rawle ; read at a 
 Meeting of the Council of the Historical Society of Penn 
 sylvania, Feb. 15, 1826. Pub. in the Memoirs Of the So 
 ciety, vol. i. Pt. 2. This paper is noticed by General Cass 
 in his article in N. Amer. Rev., xxvi. 357-403. As a spe 
 cimen of the decided difference of opinion respecting 
 Heckwelder's History entertained by two of the eminent 
 authorities above cited, two brief extracts will suffice : 
 
 " The work abounds in facts and anecdotes, calculated not 
 merely to entertain the reader, but to lay open, in the most au 
 thentic and satisfactory manner, the character and condition of 
 this people. There is no other work extant, in which this design 
 has been so extensively adopted, or in which the object is so fully 
 accomplished. There is no work upon the North American In 
 dians which can bear any comparison with it for the means of 
 correct information possessed by the author, or for the copiousness 
 of its details." NATHAN HALE : N. Amer. Rev., ix. 178. 
 
 But audi alteram partem : 
 
 " His account is a pure unmixed panegyric. The most idle 
 traditions of the Indians with him become sober history ; their 
 superstition is religion ; their indolence, philosophical indifference 
 or pious resignation ; their astonishing improvidence, hospitality ; 
 and many other defects in their character are converted into the 
 corresponding virtues. And Mr. Rawle is not the only respectable 
 writer who has been deceived by these partial representations. 
 No one can look upon the passing literature of the day without 
 being sensible of the effect upon the public mind which has been 
 produced by this worthy old missionary." GENERAL LEWIS CASS : 
 N. Amer. Rev., xxvi. 366-367. 
 
 See also Amer. Jour, of Science, xxxi. 60 ; and the Life 
 of Heckwelder, by E. Rondthaler, Phila., 1847, 12mo. 
 
 Heckford, Wm. 1. Characters, or, Historical Anec 
 dotes of all the Kings and Queens of England, Lon., 
 1789, 12mo. 2. Religions and Sects in the World, 1792. 
 
 Hedge, Frederick Henry, D.D., b. in Cambridge, 
 Mass., Dec. 5, 1805, is a son of the late Professor Levi 
 Hedge, of Harvard University. From 1818 to 1823 he 
 resided in Germany, engaged in his studies, graduated at 
 Cambridge in 1825, and was ordained in 1829. In 1835 he 
 assumed the pastoral charge of a church in Bangor, Maine. 
 In 1850 he became pastor of the Westminster Church in 
 Providence, Rhode Island, from whence in 1856 he remored 
 to Brookline, near Boston. In 1858 he was made Professor 
 of Ecclesiast. History in the Theological School connected 
 with Harvard University. At the same time he assumed 
 the editorship of the Christian Examiner, one of the oldest 
 of American periodicals. Dr. Hedge is distinguished for hia 
 intimate knowledge of the various schools of philosophy, 
 and has written many essays upon this attractive theme. 
 He has pub. numerous articles in the Christian Examiner, 
 Ac., poetical and prose contributions to annuals, sermons, 
 and discourses, and the following valuable work : Prose 
 Writers of Germany, illustrated with Eight Portraits, 
 Phila., 1848, r. 8vo, pp. 567. In this book Dr. Hedge gives 
 us extracts from twenty-eight authors, from Martin Luther 
 to Chamisso. The selections from each author are pre 
 ceded by a sketch of his life, character, and writings. 
 The value of this compilation may be judged of from the 
 following commendation of an eminent authority: 
 
 " There is no book accessible to the English or American reader 
 which can furnish so comprehensive and symmetrical a view of 
 German literature to the uninitiated; and those already conver 
 sant with some of the German classics will find here valuable and 
 edifying extracts from works to which very few in this country 
 can gain access." A. P. PEABODY : N. Amer. Rev., Ixvii. 464-485. 
 
 See also a review of the work, by Rev. W. H. Furness, 
 in Chris. Exam., and one by D. R. Jac ues, in Hunt's 
 52 
 
 Mer. Mag., xix. 41. A review of one of Dr. Hedge's Dis 
 courses, by George S. Hillard, will be found in Chris. 
 Exam., xvii. 169. 
 
 Dr. Hedge has also given to the world A Christian 
 Liturgy for the Use of the Church, Bost., 1856, 12mo. 
 
 Hedge, Levi, 1767-1843, a native of Warwick, Mass., 
 father of the preceding, was from 1810 to 1827 Professor 
 of Logic and Metaphysics in Harvard University. A 
 System of Logic, 1818, 18mo. This work has passed 
 through several eds., and been trans, into German. 
 
 Hedgecock, Thomas. Longitude, 1815, fol. 
 
 Hedgeland, Mrs. Isabella, formerly Mrs. Kelly, 
 pub. several novels and poems, 1795-1813 ; a Child's French 
 Grammar, 1805 ; and Literary Information ; consisting of 
 Anecdotes, Explanations, and Derivations, 1811, 12mo. 
 
 Hedges, Sir Charles, LL.D., d. 1714. Admiralty 
 Jurisdiction, Ac., 1692, 4to. Anon. 
 
 Hedges, Rev. John. A Descrip. of the Storm, 
 Aug. 1763, Lon., 1763, 4to. 
 
 Hedges, Phineas. .Strictures on the Elements 
 Medicinae of Brown, Goshen, 1795, 12mo. 
 
 Hedlamb, J. Expos, on the Romans, 1579, 8vo. 
 
 Hedley, Wm. Arithmetic, Ac., 1779, 8vo. 
 
 Hedly, Thomas. The Banishment of Cupid. Trans, 
 out of Italian into English, Lon., 1587, 8vo. Also sine 
 anno. 
 
 Heely, Joseph. 1. Letters on the Beauties of Hag- 
 ley, Envil, and the Leasowes, Ac., Lon., 1777, 2 vols. 
 12mo. 2. Descrip. of Hagley Park, 1777, 8vo. 
 
 Hegge, Robert, 1599-1629, educated at Christ 
 Church College, Oxford. 1. The Legend of St. Cuthbert, 
 with the Antiq. of the Church of Durham ; pub. by B. R., 
 Esq., Lon., 1663, 8vo. This is not printed correctly from 
 the MS. 2. In Aliquot Sacra Paginse Lectiones, 1647, 
 8vo. Pub. by John Hall, author of Horae Vacivse, Ac. 
 Hegge left some serms., verses, Ac. in MS. 
 
 " A prodigy of his time for forward and good natural parts." 
 Athen. Oxon., q.v. 
 
 Heighway, Osborn W. Trenery. 1. Leila Ada, 
 the Jewish Convert; an Authentic Memoir, 2d ed., Lon., 
 1852, fp. 8vo. 2. Select Extracts from the Diary, Cor 
 respondence, Ac. of Leila Ada, 1854. 3. Adeline; or, the 
 Mysterious Romance and Realities of Jewish Life, 1854. 
 See Lon. Athenaeum, 1854, 652, 653. 4. The Relatives 
 of Leila Ada, 1856. Resp. this author see Athen., 1857. 
 
 Heiland, Samuel. Aristotelis Ethica, Lat., Lon., 
 1581, 8vo; Lips., 1594, 8vo. 
 
 Heine, Wm. Graphic Scenes in the Japan Expedition, 
 by W. Heine, artist of the Expedition, N. York, 1S56. Illus 
 trated. 
 
 Hele, Arthur, Master of the Free School in Basing- 
 stoke, Preb. of Wells, d. 1778. The IV. Gospels Har 
 monized, Reading, 1759, 8vo. 
 
 Hele, Richard, master of the school belonging to 
 the Church of Sarum. Select Offices of Private Devotion, 
 Lon., 1717, 8vo. New and improved ed., 1831, 8vo. 
 
 Hele, D'Hele, or Hales, Thomas, 1740-1780 ? a 
 native of Gloucestershire, a soldier in the English army, 
 after the peace of 1763 resided in France, and composed 
 in the language of the country with great fluency and ele 
 gance. He wrote pieces for the Italian Comedy, chiefly 
 in French, among which are : 1. Le Jugement de Midas; 
 comedie, 1778. This refers to the contest between the 
 admirers of French and of Italian music. It was much 
 applauded. 2. L'Amant Jaloux, 1778. 3. Les Evene- 
 inents imprevus, 1779. 
 
 " Ses trois premieres pieces, imprimees separement, font partie 
 du TlittUre de V Optra Cbmique, 1811-12, 8 vol. in 12. On trouve 
 dans la Correspondance de Grimm, (t. iv. 2e partie,) un conte de 
 d'Hele, Le Roman de mon oncle." Biog. Univer., q. v. 
 
 Hellier, Henry, D.D. Sermon on Oaths, Oxon., 
 1688, 4to. 
 
 He II ins, Rev. John, Curate of Constantino, Corn 
 wall, and Vicar of Potters-Bury, Northamptonshire. 
 1. Mathematical Essays, Lon., 1788, 4to. 2. Analytical 
 Institutions, trans, by C. Colson, Camb., 1802, 2 vols. 4to. 
 3. Mathemat. and astronom. papers in Phil. Trans., 1780- 
 1802. 
 
 Hellowes or Hellows, Edward, Groom of the 
 Leash. 1. Trans, of Guevara's Familiar Epistles, Xon., 
 1574, '77, '84, 4to. See FENTON, SIR GEOFFREY. 2. Trans, 
 of Guevara's Chronicle; conteyning the Lives of tenne 
 Emperours of Rome, Ac., 1577. 
 
 Helme, Mrs. Elizabeth, pub. a number of novels, 
 historical, educational, and other works, and trans, several 
 histories into English, Lon., 1787-1816. See Watt's Bibl. 
 Brit. 
 
 Helme, J. Methodist Preaching, Lon., 1762, 8vo. 
 
HEL 
 
 HEM 
 
 , w TT _ q fn vplv a Nov Lon., 1794, ' Dublin. After his death was pub. A Course of Lectg. in 
 Helme, Wm. Henry Stukely, a . Natural Philosophy) edited by Bryan Robinson, M.D., 
 
 vols. 12mo. Manual of Plain ' T -" 1T39. '4.3. 8vo. Freauentlv reprinted. 
 
 Helmore, Rev. Thomas. 1. A Manual "" 
 Song, Lon., 1850, 12mo. 2. The Psalter Noted 1850 fp. 
 Svof adapted to the P. Epis. Church of the U. S. by Rev. 
 E. M. Pecke, N. York, 1856, 18mo. 3. Carols for Easter- 
 tide, Lon., 1855, 12mo. 
 
 Helmsworth, Richard. See HEMSWORTH. 
 
 Helmuth, Just. H., D.D., pastor of the Lutheran 
 Church, Phila. 1. Taufe und Heilige Schrift, Germantown, 
 1793, 8vo. 2. Unterhaltungen mit Gott, 8vo, pp. 180 6. 
 Geistliche Lieder, 12mo. 4. Numerous works for children. 
 
 Lon., 1739, '43, Svo. Frequently reprinted. 
 
 " Contains many useful observations, especially with regard to 
 vision, &c." DR. WATT : Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Helwys, Thomas. 1. God's Decree, 1611, Svo. 
 2. New Fryelers, 1611, Svo. 3. Congregations in the 
 Low Countries, 1611, 8vo. 4. Mystery of Iniquity, 1612, 
 Svo. 
 
 Hely, Rev. James. Ogygia; or, a Chronological 
 Account of Irish Events; from the Latin of Roderio 
 O'Flagherty, Dubl., 1793, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Hemans, Mrs. Felicia Dorothea, 1794-1835, a 
 
 Helmuth, William T. Surgery, and its Adaptation nat i ve O f Liverpool, where her father was a merchant, may 
 
 to Homoeopathic Practice, Phila., 1855, pp. 652. 
 
 Helper, Hinton RoAvan, of North Carolina. The 
 Impending Crisis of the South, N.Y., 1857, 12mo. This 
 work was favourably reviewed in the N. Y. Tribune, in an 
 article of over seven columns in length 
 
 almost be said to have " lisped in numbers," and printed 
 a volume of poems " Early Blossoms" before she was 
 fifteen years of age. Doubtless the wild scenery of 
 Grwych, in North Wales, where the youthful poetess re 
 sided from her ninth to her sixteenth year, had a stimu- 
 
 Helps, Rev. Arthur, of the University of Oxford, lating effect upon that love of nature which was one of 
 
 ' ' ' the strongest characteristics of her mind. A year alter 
 the publication of this book, unfortunately for her future 
 happiness, she met with Captain Hemans, of the Fourth 
 Regiment, to whom, after an attachment of three years, 
 
 one pf the most popular writers of the day. 1. Thoughts 
 in the Cloister and the Crowd, Lon., 1835, 12mo. See 
 Dubl. Univ. Mag., xxiii. 20. 2. Essays written in the In 
 tervals of Business, 1841, 8vo j 7th ed., 1853, 12mo. 
 
 "These essays seem to be written for no definite purpose; they during which the captain was on duty in the Peninsula, 
 
 she was married in 1812. Soldiers are proverbially sus 
 ceptible to the charms of feminine beauty ; and, when we 
 read her sister's graphic description of the young poetess 
 
 have the air of themes very carefully composed out of pure love, 
 
 and for the practice, of composition. . . . Mr. Helps has written 
 
 and thought in so much more effective manner since their publica- 
 
 Son, She would probably now agree with us that many of reau ner sisier s gruyiiic u a :i-i F ttuu ux "" J- "6 f" 
 
 them should have been treated as college exercises, themes that as she appeared when she first attracted the gaze of 
 
 we turn into Johnsonian English, or Ciceronian Latin, and there warlike admirer, we are not surprised that he became at 
 
 leave." Blackwood's Mag., Oct. 1851. j once a wooer : 
 
 3. King Henry II. ; an Historical Drama, 1843, sm. Svo; j "The mantling bloom of her cheeks was shaded by a profusion 
 
 2d ed., 1845, fp. Svo. 4. Catherine Douglass; a Tragedy, I of natural ringlets, of a rich golden brown; and the ever-varying 
 
 1 84.3 8 expression of her brilliant eyes gave a changeful play to her coun- 
 
 "TheTxtract; which we have given from this poem afford evi- ! \^^^ ^^Jf^^^lS S^ 1 ^^ ^ d 
 dence of very high talents, not alone, or even chiefly, tor dramatic J ustlce to lL M**mr of Mis. Neman*,, by her sister 
 poetry. We remember no FIRST poem of equal powers. On our 
 author himself altogether depends his ultimate success. No one 
 effort, however brilliant, could secure this. Like success in most 
 other pursuits, it requires many sacrifices, nay, the devotion of a 
 life." Dubl. Univ. Mag., xxiii. 19-36. 
 
 5. The Claims of Labour, 1844. 
 
 " This is a thoughtful, well-considered, and thoroughly earnest 
 
 . . , . 
 
 Alas, that one so lovely, so loving, and so formed to be be 
 loved, should have had occasion, for seventeen years from 
 the sixth year of her marriage until her death, in 1835, she 
 never saw her husband's face bitterly to " bewail that wor 
 ship" which had been the brightest dream of her young and 
 confiding heart ! In 1818 Capt. Hemans removed to Italy, 
 
 book. It probably will do much good, for we know no writer who 
 so fastens on the thoughts of his readers a painful and oppressive 
 sense of the responsibility under which whether we act or for 
 bear from acting we find ourselves placed with respect to those in 
 any relation of dependence of us." Dubl. Univ. Mag., xxv. 45-57. 
 See also Westminster Rev., vol. xliii. ; Eclec. Mag., v. 
 491 ; Blackw. Mag., Oct. 1851. 
 
 6. Friends in Council ; a Series of Readings and Dis 
 courses thereon, 1847, cr. Svo; 6th ed., 1854, 2 vols. fp.Svo. 
 " Has more of original matter than either of its predecessors ; 
 and the device adopted of interposing fictitious conversation with 
 the essays gives relief and variety to the composition." Black- 
 wood's Mag., Oct. 1851. 
 
 " A more pleasant book we have seldom read. . . . Taken all in 
 all, he is a subtle thinker and an accomplished writer; but, be 
 yond his intellectual qualities, he gives you no glimpse of him- 
 self." Brit. Quar. Pec., vi. 134-155. 
 
 See Bentley's Miscell. ; Eraser's Mag., xl. 636 ; and a 
 highly commendatory notice in Ruskin's Stones of Venice. 
 7. Companions of my Solitude, 1851, 12ino; 4th ed., 
 1854, fp. 
 
 "It is altogether a thoughtful book, full of wisdom as well as 
 of gentleness and beauty. There is scarcely a page in the volume 
 from which we might not extract some truth, no matter how old 
 it may be, made fresh by the manner in which it is presented. 
 The play of fancy and of humour, too. that mingles everywhere 
 with the deep philosophy and the moral fervour, is often exqui 
 site." Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxx. 284. Same article in Living Age, 
 xxxi. 174. 
 
 "In our opinion the far most interesting of all Mr. Helps's 
 essays. . . . We must now bid adieu to Mr. Helps, again express 
 ing our hope that he will give us more of these thoughts, which 
 we promise him shall be the ' Companions of our Solitude' as well 
 as of his own." Blackwood's Mag., Oct. 1851. 
 
 8. Conquerors of the New World and their Bondsmen, 
 2 vols. p. Svo: i., 1848; ii., 1852. See Lon. Athenaeum, 
 Nos. 1088, 1289. 9. History of the Spanish Conquest of 
 America, 1855, vols. i. and ii. Svo. See Lon. Athenaeum, 
 No. 1447, vol. iii., 1857. As an essayist, Mr. Helps occu 
 pies a high rank; and the cordial eulogium of Mr. Ruskin 
 will be heartily endorsed by many readers both at home 
 and abroad : 
 
 "A true thinker, who has practical purpose in his thinking, and 
 is sincere, as Plato, or Carlyle, or Helps, becomes in some sort a 
 
 There are things which I hope are said more clearly and simply 
 than before, owing to the influence upon me of the beautiful quiet 
 English of Helps." Modern Painters, vol. iii., App. 
 
 Helsham, Henry. Con. to Med. Com., 1788. 
 
 Helsham, Richard, d. 1738, a friend of Swift, was 
 Professor of Physic and Nat. Philos. in the Univ. of 
 
 avowedly for the benefit of his health, leaving to his wife 
 the responsibility connected with the education of their 
 five sons, and as we have seen never returning to Eng 
 land to demand an account of her stewardship. Mrs. 
 Hemans took up her residence with her mother and sister, 
 Miss Mary Anne Browne, afterwards Mrs. Gray, and de 
 voted such time as she could spare to the cultivation of her 
 poetical talents. In 1828 she met with a severe affliction 
 in the loss of her mother, and in consequence of this event 
 removed to Wavertree, near Liverpool. In the next year 
 she visited Scotland, where she met with a cordial greeting 
 from Sir Walter Scott, Jeffrey, and the other literary stars 
 of Edinburgh and its vicinity. In 1830 she paid a visit 
 to the lakes of Westmoreland and the poet Wordsworth; 
 and, on leaving this attractive spot, she determined to settle 
 at Dublin, where her brother, Major Browne, resided. In 
 this city she remained, the object of devoted affection in 
 the social circle, until her death in 1835, after a painful 
 and protracted indisposition. 
 
 Works : 1. Early Blossoms of Spring : Poems written 
 between the age of 8 and 15 years, 1808. 2. England and 
 Spain ; or, Valour and Patriotism; a Poem, 1808. 3. The Do 
 mestic Affections, 1812. 4. Restoration of the Works of Art 
 to Italy, 1817. 5. Modern Greece, 1817. 6. Meeting of 
 Wallace and Bruce, 1819. 7. Tales and Historic Scenes. 
 8. Vespers of Palermo, 1823. 9. The Sceptic, 1820. 10. 
 Dartmoor, 1821. 11. Welsh Melodies, 1822. 12. Siege 
 of Valencia, and the Last Constantino, 1823. 13. The 
 Forest Sanctuary, 1826. 14. Records of Woman, 1828. 
 15. Songs of the Affections, 1830. 16. National Lyrics, 
 1834. 17. Hymns for Childhood, 1834. 18. Scenes and 
 Hymns of Life, 1834. 19. Poetical Remains, with Me 
 moir, 1836. 
 
 Collective ed. of her Works, with a Memoir of her Life 
 by her Sister, 1839, 7 vols. 12mo. Again, 1850, 6 vols. 
 12mo. Works, chronologically arranged, 1848, 1 vol. r. 
 Svo. In America Mrs. Hemans's poems are very popular, 
 and many eds. of her works have been issued, with Me 
 moirs and critical notices, by Mrs. Sigourney, Mr. Thatcher, 
 Andrews Norton, H. T. Tuckerman, <fec. For particulars 
 respecting the life and works of this truly lovely woman 
 and gifted writer, the reader must refer to the Memoir by 
 her sister ; Memorials of Mrs. Hemans, by H. F. Chorley, 
 1836, 2 vols. sin. Svo; Mrs. Elwood's Literary Ladies of 
 England; Hewitt's Homes of the Poets; Miss Jewsbury'fl 
 Three Histories, where Mrs. Hemans is delineated in the 
 portrait of Egeria. Much excellent criticism on her writ- 
 
HEM 
 
 ings will be found in several of the sources indicated below, 
 from some of which we proceed to give brief citations : 
 
 " We think the poetry of Mrs. Hemans a fine exemplification 
 of Female Poetry ; and we think it has much of the perfection 
 which we have ventured to ascribe to the happier productions of 
 
 iu ^-j Jot be the best imaginable poetry, and may not indi 
 cate the very highest or most commanding genius ; but it embraces 
 a great deal of that which gives the very best poetry its chief 
 power of pleasing; and would strike us, perhaps, as more impas 
 sioned and exalted, if it were not regulated and harmonized by the 
 most beautiful taste. It is infinitely sweet, elegant, and tender, 
 touching, perhaps, and contemplative, rather than vehement and 
 overpowering; and not only finished throughout with an exquisite 
 delicacy and even serenity of execution, but informed with a purity 
 and loftiness of feeling, and a certain sober and humble tone of 
 indulgence and piety, which must satisfy those who are most afraid 
 of the passionate exaggerations of poetry. The diction is always 
 beautiful, harmonious, and free ; and the themes, though ot infi 
 nite variety, uniformly treated with a grace, originality, and judg 
 ment, which mark the master-hand. ... We do not hesitate to 
 gay that she is, beyond all comparison, the most touching and 
 accomplished writer of occasional verses that our literature has 
 yet to boast of." LORD JEFFREY : Edin. Rev., I. 32-47. 
 
 " The genius of woman at this period produced a rival to Cole 
 ridge, if not in depth of thought, at least in tenderness of feeling 
 and beauty of expression. Mrs. Hemans was imbued with the 
 very soul of lyric poetry; she only required to have written a little 
 less to have been one of the greatest in that branch that England 
 ever produced. . . . Melancholy had marked her for its own; she 
 was deeply impressed with the woes of life ; and it is in the working 
 up mournful reflections and images with the utmost tenderness 
 and pathos that her great excellence consists. There she is, per 
 haps, unrivalled in the English language." SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON : 
 Hist, of Europe, 1815-52, chap. v. 
 
 " As a woman, I felt proud of the homage he [Lord Byron] paid 
 to the genius of Mrs. Hemans, and as a passionate admirer of her 
 poetry, I felt flattered at finding that Lord Byron fully sympathized 
 with my admiration." Countess ofBlessington's Conversations with 
 Lord Byron. 
 
 " Mrs. Sigourney, as her letters will show, was well aware of Lady 
 Blessingtou's admiration for the writings of Mrs. Hemans. That 
 lady was never spoken of by her except in terms of the highest 
 praise; and her admiration of the poetry of Mrs. Hemans was no 
 less enthusiastic than just and discriminating. In one of her works 
 she says, ' The exquisite poems of Mrs. Ilemans affect one like sacred 
 music ; they never fail to excite solemn feelings of an elevated 
 and spiritual character, and sentiments of a pensive caste, of calm 
 resignation and serenity.'" Madden's Life and Corresp. of the 
 Countess of Blessington, vol. ii. 
 
 There can be no more proper occasion than the present 
 for the introduction of Mrs. Sigourney's beautiful tribute 
 to Mrs. Hemans : 
 
 " Every unborn age 
 
 Shall mix thee with its household charities: 
 The hoary sire shall bow his deafened ear, 
 And greet thy sweet words with his benison; 
 The mother shrine thee as a vestal Same 
 In the lone temple of her sanctity; 
 And the young child who takes thee by the hand 
 Shall travel with a surer step to heaven." 
 The heart-felt offering of our friend, the Shepherd, mus 
 not be forgotten in our register of tributes : 
 
 " ' It's no' in that woman's power, sir, to write ill ; for, when a 
 feeling heart and a fine genius forgather in the bosom p' a young 
 matron, every line o' poetry is like a sad or cheerful smile frae her 
 een,and every poem, whatever be the subject, in'ae sense a picture 
 o' hersell sae that a' she writes has an affectin' and an endearin 
 mainnerism and moralism about it, that inspires the thochtfu 
 reader to say in to himsell That's Mrs. Hemans.' 
 
 "North. 'From very infancy Felicia Dorothea was beloved by 
 the Muses. I remember patting her fair head when she was a 
 child of nine years and versified even then with a touching 
 sweetness about sylphs and fairies.' " Nodes Ambrosianai, Nov 
 1828. 
 
 "Felicia Hemans is the authoress of many a plaintive am 
 mournful strain. She has shown high sentiment and heroic fee! 
 ings occasionally, but her affections are with the gentle, the meek 
 and the wounded in spirit. . . . Her genius is of the domestic kind 
 and her best songs are rightly named of the Affections." ALLA: 
 CUNNINGHAM : Biog. and Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of the Last Fift 
 Years. 
 
 " By far the most popular of our poetesses, alike at home an 
 beyond the Atlantic ; nor do I say undeservedly. ... In her poetry 
 religious truth, moral purity, and intellectual beauty ever mee 
 together ; and assuredly it is not less calculated to refine the tasl 
 and exalt the imagination because it addresses itself almost ex 
 clusi vely to the better feelings of our nature. Over all her picture 
 of humanity are spread the glory and the grace reflected from vi 
 tuous purity, delicacy of perception and conception, sublimity o 
 religious faith, home-bred delights, and the generous, expansiv 
 ardour of patriotism ; while, turning from the dark and degraded 
 whether in subject or sentiment, she seeks out those verdant case 
 in the desert of human life on which the affections may mos 
 pleasantly rest. Her poetry is intensely and entirely feminine 
 and, in my estimation, this is the highest praise which, in on 
 point of view, could be awarded it. It could have been writte 
 by a woman only. . . . Mrs. Hemans, above all female writers, wa 
 distinguished for her rich tones, the voice at once sweet and ful 
 that carried them to the heart, awakening the feelings as well a 
 the imagination." D. M. MOIR : Poet. Lit. of the Past Half-Cmtur^ 
 "From the hour of Mrs. Hemans r s acquaintance with the Ge 
 man literature, you perceive that she had discovered her ow 
 forte, and a new life of tenderness and feeling was manifest in a 
 
 HEM 
 
 e wrote. She became an almost constant writer in Blackwood's 
 d Colburn's Magazines. Schiller, Goethe, Kbrner, and Tieck 
 w sensibly is the influence of their spirit felt in The Forest 
 .nctuary ! how different was the tone of this to all which had 
 ne before! The cold, classical model was abandoned ; the heart 
 nd the fancy spoke out in every line, warm, free, solemn, and 
 nderly thoughtful." Howitt's Homes and Haunts of the Most 
 minent British Poets. 
 
 " Many fragments of poems and plans of works never completed 
 main to attest the eagerness with which her mind was busying 
 self in the reproduction of the thoughts and images of beauty 
 hich she could not refrain from storing up." HENRY F. CHOHLBY : 
 he Authors of England. 
 
 " Had her writings been merely harmless, we should not nave 
 .tered into an analysis of them; but the moral charm which is 
 pread over them is so peculiar, so full of nature and truth and 
 eep feeling, that her productions claim at once the praise of ex- 
 nisite purity and poetic excellence. She adds the dignrty cf her 
 ox to a high sense of the duties of a poet ; she writes w!tt buoy- 
 ncy, yet with earnestness; her poems bear the impress of a cha- 
 acter worthy of admiration. In the pursuit of literary renown 
 he never forgets what is due to feminine reserve. We perceive a 
 lind endowed with powers to aspire, and are still further pleased 
 
 find no unsatisfied cravings, no passionate pursuit of remote 
 bjects, but high endowments, graced by contentment." GEORGB 
 ANCROFT, the historian : N. Amer. Rev., xxiv. 443-463. 
 
 " Her inspiration always pauses at the feminine point. It never 
 oversteps the modesty of nature' nor the dignity and decorum 
 F womanhood. She is no sibyl tossed to and fro in the tempest 
 f furious excitement, but ever the calm mistress of the highest 
 nd stormiest of her emotions. The finest compliment we can 
 ay her, perhaps the finest compliment that it is possible to pay a 
 .voman as a moral being, is to compare her to ' one of Shakspere's 
 women,' and to say, had Imogen or Isabella or Cornelia become 
 n author, she had so written." Gilfillan's Second Gallery of Lite- 
 ary Portraits. 
 
 "She seldom reached the sublime; but her thought was often 
 jrofound, and her nice analysis of the best affections, her delicate 
 erception of the minute circumstances that awaken and guide 
 he sensibilities, the readiness with which she seized upon the 
 loble, the picturesque, the graceful, and the tender, designate her 
 bove every English writer but ONE as the ' poet of the heart.' " 
 GEORGE W. BETHUNE, D.D. : British Female Poets. 
 
 Mrs. Grant of Laggan seems to have experienced the 
 
 1 embarras de richesses" in perusing the poetry of this 
 jopular author, for she tells a correspondent 
 
 " I am quite of your opinion as to the too uniform splendour 
 f Felicia Hemans. She keeps us hovering constantly on the 
 wing, like birds of paradise, for want of a perch to repose upon." 
 Mrs. Grant's Memoirs and Oorresp., ed. 1844, vol. il. 148. 
 
 Yet Mrs. Grant, when writing to Mrs. Hemans herself, 
 remarks, when referring to Shenstone's lonely existence : 
 " How very different is your case ! Praised by all that read 
 ,ou loved by all that praise you and known in some degree 
 wherever our language is spoken." 
 
 But here we must conclude our quotations, not from 
 ack of matter, hut want of space. The reader, however, 
 who desires to pursue the subject will find abundant 
 materials for the purpose in the following articles : 1. 
 Lon. Quar. Rev., xxiv. 130. 2. Lon. Month. Rev., cii. 
 177. 3. Lon. Month. Rev., cii. 425. 4. Blackwood's 
 Mag., i. 517. 5. Blackwood's Mag., Ixiv. 641. 6. Edin. 
 Month. Rev., iii. 373. 7. Dublin Univ. Mag., x. 123. 
 8. Eraser's Mag., xxi. 127. 9. N. Amer. Rev., xliv. 
 265. 10. By L. J. Park, Chris. Exam., iii. 403. 11. Chris. 
 Exam., vi. 35. 12. By Andrews Norton, xix. 328. 13. 
 By Andrews Norton, Chris. Exam., xxvii. 370. 14. Amer. 
 Quar. Rev., i. 153. 15. Amer. Quar. Rev., xxi. 257. 16. 
 Chris. Rev., ii. 356. 17. Chris. Rev., v. 23. 18. South. 
 Lit. Mess., ii. 811. 19. South. Lit. Mess., ii. 722. 20. 
 South. Lit. Mess., vii. 380. 21. N. York Rev., i. 199. 
 22. U. S. Lit. Gaz., v. 401. 23. Eclec. Mag., xi. 420. 
 
 Hemery and Dumaresq. Mode of Proceeding and 
 Trial in Royal Ct. of Jersey, Jersey, 1789, 4to. 
 
 Heming, an English monk, flourished 1095. Vita 
 Ulstani, in Wharton's Anglia Sacra, i. 467. 
 Heming, Edward. The New Lights, Lon., 1689, 4to. 
 Heming, or Hemming, S, 1. Themes of Admira 
 tion; a Poem, 1812, sm. 8vo. 2. Colonization of the 
 Earth, and the Origin of Nations, Oxon., 1817, 8vo., 
 
 Heming, Thomas. Scripture Geography, with 
 Maps, Lon., 1818, r. 4to. See Lowndes's Brit, Lib., 347. 
 Hemings, William, a son of John Heniings the 
 actor. 1. Fatal Contract j a Trag., Lon., 1653, J 61, 4to. 
 2. The Jew's Tragedy, 1662, 4to. "3. The Eunuch ; a Trag., 
 1687, 4to. This is No. 2, with a new title. His first piece 
 The Hare ; or, The Mad-Cap was never printed. See 
 Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Hemingus, or Hemmingus, Monachus Wi- 
 gorniensis. Chartularium Ecclesiae Wigorniensis : 
 edente Tho. Hearne, Oxon., 1723, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Hemmenway, Moses, D.D., d. 1811, aged about 75, 
 a minister of Wells, Maine, pub. several semis., &c., 1767- 
 95. 
 
 Hemming, John, M.D. Mineral Waters of Glou 
 cester, Lon., 1789, 8vo. 
 
 819 
 
HEM 
 
 HEN 
 
 Hemmingford, Walter de, Canon of Gisborough 
 Abbey, Yorkshire, wrote a History of England from 1066 
 to 1308. Gale first pub. it in his Veteres Scriptores, ii. 
 153, 1687, and Hearne edited it under the title of Historia 
 de Rebus gestis Edvardi L, Edvardi II., and Edvardi III., 
 Oxon., 1731, 2 vols. 8vo; 150 copies printed at 1 Is. each: 
 now rare and valuable. See GALE, uli supra; Bishop 
 Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib.; Brit. Bibliographer, ii. 72. . 
 " This work is written with great care and exactness, and in a 
 style good enough considering the time." 
 
 Hempel, Charles J ulius, M.D., a native of Prussia, 
 studied for five years in Paris, emigrated to the U. States 
 in 1835, and graduated at the University of N. York, and 
 practised medicine in that city for several years ; appointed 
 to the chair of Materia Medica and Therapeutics in Homoeo 
 pathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, (Philadelphia,) in 
 1857. 1. Grammar of the German Language, New York, 
 1842, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Materia Medica Pura, by Dr. S. 
 Hahnemann ; trans, by C. J. H., 1846, 4 vols. 8vo. 3. The 
 rapeutic Pocket-Book, by Dr.C.Von Bcenninghausen ; edited 
 by C. J. H., Bost, 1849, 8vo. 4. Organon of the Specific 
 Healing Art of Homoeopathy, by D-r. G. L. Rau; edited by 
 C. J. H., N. York, 1849, 8vo. 5. New Manual of the Ho 
 moeopathic Materia Medica, by Jahr and Possart ; 4th ed., 
 trans, and edited by C. J. H., 1849, cr. 8vo. 6. Treat, 
 on the Use of Arnica, 1849, 8vo. 7. New Homoeopathic 
 Pharmacopoeia and Nosology; compiled and trans, by C. 
 J. H., 1850, 8vo. 8. Homoeopathic Domestic Physician, 
 1850, 8vo. 9. Therapeutics; or, Successful Homoeopathic 
 Cures; trans, and edited by C. J. H., 1850, 8vo. 10. New 
 Manual : originally published under the name of Syrnpto- 
 men-Codex, by Dr. G. H. G. Jahr; trans, with addits. by 
 C. J. H., assisted by J. M. Quin, M.D., <fcc., 2 vols. 8vo. 
 The third vol. is issued as a separate work, under the title 
 of Complete Repertory of Homoeopathic Materia Medica, by 
 C. J. H., 1853, 8vo, pp. 1224. 11. Organon of Specific 
 Homoeopathy, Phila., 1854, 8vo. 12. Materia Medica, by 
 Dr. B. Mure; trans, by C. J. H., 1854, cr. 8vo. 13. The 
 Homoeopathic Materia Medica, by A.Teste ; trans, and edited 
 by C. J. H., N. York, 1855, 8vo. 14. With Jacob Beakley, 
 M.D., Manual of Homoeop. Theory and Practice, 1858, 8vo. 
 
 Hempstead, Samuel H., Counsellor-at-Law, Little 
 Rock, Arkansas. Arkans. Reports,1820-56, Bost, 1856, 8vo. 
 
 Hemsworth, Richard, of the Middle Temple. A 
 Key to the Law; or, An Introd. to Legal Knowledge, 1765, 
 8vo. 
 
 Henchman, Humphrey, Bishop of Salisbury, 1660 ; 
 trans, to London, 1663. Diatriba Praeliminaris H. Ham- 
 mondi Tract, de Confirmatione prsefixa, Oxon., 1661. 
 
 Henchman, Richard, D.D. Serms., 1661, both 4to. 
 
 Henck, John B., Civil Engineer, b. 1815, at Phila 
 delphia, grad. at Harvard University, 1840. Field-Book 
 for Rail-Road Engineers; containing formulse for laying 
 down curves, &o. 
 
 "A most judicioxis combination of theory and practice. The 
 scientific treatise and the field-book are united without detriment 
 to either/' N. Amer. Xev., Ixxix. 253-254. 
 
 Henderick, Rev. George. Address to the Abp. 
 of Canterbury on the Propriety of Sunday Evening Lec 
 tures, 1808, 4to. 
 
 Henderson, Mrs. 1. Scrip. Lessons on the Hist, of 
 our Lord, Lon. 2. Scrip. Lessons on the Acts of the Apos 
 tles, 1847, 2 vols. 18mo; 1850, 1 vol. 8vo. Other works. 
 
 Henderson, Captain, R.A. 1. Account of Hon 
 duras, Lon., 1809, '11, 8vo. 2. Condition and Treatment 
 of the Negro Slaves in the Brit. Colonies, 1816. 
 
 Henderson, Alexander, 1583-1646, a divine and 
 leader in the Church of Scotland, had a controversy with 
 Charles I. respecting Episcopacy. The papers which 
 passed between them will be found in The Life and Times 
 of Henderson, by John Aitou, D.D., Edin., 1836, 8vo. See 
 also Dr. Thomas McCrie's Life of Henderson; Montrose's 
 Memoirs ; Voice of the Church ; and British Critic, xix. 
 457. Henderson wrote some serais., pub. 1643-48. 
 
 Henderson, Alexander, M.D. 1. Trans, of Cabanis 
 on Med Science, Lon., 1806, 8vo. 2. Imposture of Ann 
 Moore, 1813, 8vo. 3. Hist, of Anc. and Mod. Wines, 1824,4to 
 
 "He appears to have devoted several years to his undertaking, 
 and has very laboriously gleaned from various sources whatever 
 was of importance to his object." ion. Q uar . tf e i>., xxxii. 232-262. 
 
 See also Blackwood's Mag., xvi. 1-16. 4. The Atmo 
 sphere; NIC. Jour., 1804. 
 
 Henderson, Andrew. 1. Life of John, Earl of 
 Stair, Lon., 1748, 12mo. 2. Trans, of Voltaire's Hist, of 
 Charles XII., 8vo. 3. Arsinoe ; a Trag., 8vo. 4 Hist of 
 the Rebellion 1745-46, 8vo, 1753. 5. Militia, 1760 8vo. 
 6. Life of William the Conqueror, 1764, 12mo. 7. Life of 
 the Duke of Cumberland, 1766, 8vo. 8. Letter to the Bp. 
 
 of Chester, 1774, 8vo. 9, 10. Two Letters to Dr. Johnson 
 on his Journey to the Western Isles, 1775, &c., both 8vo. 
 
 Henderson, Andrew. The Prac. Grazier, Edin., 
 1826, 8vo. 
 
 " The work is very creditable." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Henderson, Ebenezer, D.D., one of the most emi 
 nent of modern Biblical critics. 1. Trans, of Roos on the 
 Prophecies of Daniel, Edin., 1811, 8vo. 
 
 " It is not a very interesting book. The details are too minute, 
 and some of the views not likely to be received." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 2. Dissert, on Hans Mikkelsen's [Danish] Trans, of the 
 N. Test, Copenhagen, 1813, 4to. 3. Iceland; or, The Journal 
 of a Residence in that Island in 1814-15, Edin., 1818, 2 
 vols. 8vo; 1819, 8vo. 
 
 "The state of society, manners, domestic habits, and religion, 
 are here treated of; but there is too much minuteness, and a te- 
 diousness and dryness of style and manner." Stevenson's Voyages 
 and Travels. 
 
 "This interesting volume, we venture to say, will be found pro 
 ductive of a very high degree of instruction and amusement." 
 Lon. Quar. Ifev. See Lowudes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 4. Biblical Researches and Trav. in Russia, Lon.,1826,8vo. 
 
 "This very interesting volume of Travels has a claim to be no 
 ticed in this place, on account of the numerous and important 
 details which Dr. Henderson has communicated respecting the 
 antient and modern versions and editions of the Holy Scriptures, 
 and to which we have been largely indebted. . . . Contains much 
 valuable statistical information relative to the countries through 
 which he travelled." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 5. Edit, of Moses Stuart's trans, of Ernesti's Elements 
 of Interpretation, 1827, 12mo. 
 
 " Dr. Henderson has increased the utility of this little manual 
 by adding some valuable observations, the result of his own read 
 ing." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 6. The Great Mystery of Godliness Incontrovertible, 
 1830, 8vo. This is an examination of 1 Tim. iii. 16. 
 
 "The genuineness of the controverted clause in 1 Tim. iii. 16 
 is established beyond doubt in this ably-executed and impartial 
 treatise." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 "A valuable specimen of critical ability successfully exerted in 
 the investigation and discovery of truth." ARCHBISHOP HOWLET. 
 
 See Andover Biblical Repository, i. 777. 
 
 7. Edit, of jEgidii Gutbirii Lexicon Syriacum, 1836, 
 24mo. 8. Divine Inspiration, 1836, 8vo; 1847, fp. 8vo ; 
 1850, 12mo ; 1852, fp. 8vo. 
 
 " Particularly valuable." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 " These discourses are written with great care, and display stores 
 of information, both ancient and modern, which few theologians 
 of the day could emulate, and very few, if any, could exceed." 
 British Critic. See also Lon. Chris. Rememb. 
 
 9. Trans, of Isaiah from the Hebrew, with Comment., 
 1840, 8vo. 
 
 " Much useful criticism." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 " The translator's notes leave the reader nothing to desire for 
 the explanation of Isaiah." Lon. Churchman. 
 
 " It is not too much to say that this Commentary on Isaiah is 
 the best, the most learned, and the most satisfactory illustration 
 of the prophetic text that exists in our language." British Maga 
 zine. See also Lon. Eclec. Rev. 
 
 " Henceforth no one that desires to understand the elevated 
 views and grand productions of Isaiah will be able to dispense 
 with the work of Dr. Henderson." Lon. Chris. Examiner. 
 
 10. Trans, from the Hebrew of the Twelve Minor Pro 
 phets, with a Comment., 1845, 8vo. 11. Trans, from the 
 Hebrew of Jeremiah and the Lamentations, with a Com 
 ment, 1851, 8vo. Other publications. 
 
 Henderson, George. View of the Administrations 
 in the Government of Americaunder Washington, &c., 1802. 
 
 Henderson, Capt. John. 1. Agricult. of Suther 
 land, Lon., 1812, 8vo. 2. Agricult. of Caithness, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 " The two works are very creditable." Donaldson's Ag. Biog. 
 
 Henderson, John, 1747-1785, an eminent actor, a 
 native of London. His Letters and Poems, with Anecdotes 
 of his Life, by John Ireland, Lon., 1786, 8vo. See also 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; Boswell's Johnson ; Nichols's Anec. 
 
 Henderson, John. 1. Sal Indus Antiquorum, <fcc., 
 Lon., 1803, 8vo. 2. Rheumic Acid ; Thorn. Ann. Philos. 
 
 Henderson, John, 1757-1788, a native of Ballaga- 
 rance, England, educated at Pembroke College, Oxford, 
 taught Latin at eight years of age and Greek at twelve. 
 An account of him will be found in Rev. Wm. Agutter's 
 Funeral Serm. on him, Nov. 1788. Some of Henderson's 
 essays and poems have been published. See Boswell. 
 
 Henderson, Lawrence, of Maldon, Essex. Para 
 phrase on Job, Psalms, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes, with 
 Notes, Crit, Histor., and Pract, Lon., 1764, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Henderson, Robert. See HENRYSON. 
 
 Henderson, Robert. Breeding of Swine and Curing 
 of Bacon ; with Hints on Agricult, <fec., Leith, 1811, '14, 8vo. 
 
 "Imparts his knowledge in a plain and sensible manner." 
 Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Henderson, S. The Cottage Preacher; or, XV. Plain 
 Sermons, Lon., 1837, 12mo. 
 
 " These Discourses are truly evangelical in their matter, familiar 
 and intelligible in their style'." Lon. Congreg. Mag. 
 
HEN 
 
 HEN 
 
 Henderson, Stewart, M.D. Profess, treatises, 1795- 
 
 1808. 
 
 Henderson, T. Astronomical Observations at Edin 
 burgh, 1834-43, vols. i. to ix., 1838-50. 
 
 Henderson, Thos., M.D., Assist Surg. U.S. Navy. 
 Hints on the Med. Exam, of Recruits; new ed., Phila., 1857. 
 
 Henderson, Wm., M.D. 1. Observ. on the Plague, 
 Lon., 1789, 8vo. 2. Sir H. Davy on Chlorine j Thorn. Ann. 
 Philos., 1813. 
 
 Henderson, Wm., M.D. 1. Homoeopathic Practice 
 of Medicine, Lon., 1845, 8vo; N.Y., 1846, 18mo. 2. Homoeo 
 pathy Fairly Represented, in Reply to Simpson's Homoeo 
 pathy Misrepresented, Edin., 1853, p. Svo; Phila., 1854, 8vo. 
 
 Hendley, Wm. Serms., 1715-18. For a Serm. on 
 Rev. xix. 9 (1718. 8vo) the author was tried and convicted. 
 
 Hendley, Wm. Loiinologia Sacra ; or, The Plague 
 Religiously Considered, Lon., 1721, 8vo. 
 
 Hendon, Edward. Perfect Conveyancer; or, Select 
 Precedents, by E. Hendon, Wm. Noy, R. Rason, and H. 
 Fleetwood, 1650, 4to ; 2d ed., 1655, 4to. 
 
 Hendricks, Miss Rose Ellen. 1. The Astrologer's 
 Daughter, Lon., 1845, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 2. The Idler Re 
 formed, 1846, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 3. Political Fame; an Essay, 
 1847, fp. 8vo. 4. The Wild Rose, and other Poems, 1847, 
 p. 8vo. 5. The Young Authoress, 1847, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 6. 
 Jenny Lind; a Tale, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 7. Chit-Chat; a Poem, 
 in 12 Cantos, 1849, p. 8vo. 8. King John and the Brigand's 
 Bride, 1851, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 "There is an earnestness and a good faith about all the writer 
 does, which stamps an air of truth upon her productions." Lon. 
 Literary Gazette. 
 
 Hendrie, Robert. 1. Two Letters on Pictorial Co 
 lour and Effect, Lon., 1842, 12mo. 2. Encyclopaedia of the 
 Arts of the Middle Ages, by the Monk Theophilus; trans., 
 with Notes, by R. H., 8vo. Commended by Lon. Spec. 
 
 Hendry, Elizabeth Anne. 1. Crossingham Rec 
 tory, Lon., 12mo : commended by Lon. Lit. Gaz., and 
 Educat. Mag. 2. Hist, of Greece, for Children ; 4th ed., 
 1853, 18mo. 3. Hist, of Rome, for Children ; 4th ed., re 
 vised by J. Corner, 1853, ISmo. 
 
 Hendry, Wm. Life-Annuities, <fcc., Lon., 1825, 8vo. 
 
 Hendy, James, M.D. Profess, treatises, 1774-90. 
 
 Heneage, Michael. 1. Antiq. of Arms in England, 
 anno 1598; in Hearne's Collec., 1771. 2. Antiq. of the 
 word " Sterlingorum ;" in Hearne's Collec., 1771. 
 
 Henegan, Sir Richard D., R.A. Seven Years' 
 Campaigning in the Peninsula, &c., Lon., 1846, 2 vols. 
 
 " These volumes combine a world of diversified amusement, ex 
 citement, and interest. It is impossible to open them without 
 encountering some touch of pathos or humour, some trace of 
 desperate valor or of heroic sacrifice." Naval and Military Gaz. 
 
 Henfrey, Arthur, Prof, of Botany in King's College, 
 London, 1854, late editor of the Botanical Magazine, has 
 made several translations from the German, contributed 
 papers to the Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist., Trans. Brit. 
 Assoc., <fcc., and pub. the following works : 1. Anatomical 
 Manipulation, Lon., 1844. 2. Outlines of Structural and 
 Physiological Botany, 1847, 12mo. 3. Rudiments of Bo 
 tany, 1849, 12mo. 4. The Vegetation of Europe : its Con 
 dition and Causes, 1852, 12mo. 5. An Elementary Course 
 of Botany, Structural, Physiological, and Systematic, with 
 a Brief Outline of the Geographical and Geological Distri 
 bution of Plants, 1857, p. 8vo. 6. Micrographic Dictionary : 
 see GRIFFITH, J. W. 
 
 Hengham, Sir Ralph de, Chief-Justice in the Court 
 of King's Bench temp. Edw. I. Summa inagna et parva. 
 Printed with Sir John Fortescue's De Laudibus Legum 
 Angliae : see p. 618 of this Dictionary ; Bp. Nicolson's 
 Eng. Hist. Lib. ; Brooke's Bib. Leg. Ang., 72 ; 2 Reeves's 
 Eng. Law, 281; Selden's Pref. to the work ; Marvin's Leg. 
 Bibl., 382. 
 
 Hening, Mrs. E. F. Hist, of the African Missions 
 of the Prot. Epis. Church in the U.S., N.Y., 1850, 12mo. 
 
 Hening, William Waller, d. 1828, Clerk of the 
 Chancery Ct. for the Richmond Dist, Va. 1. Statutes of 
 Virginia, 1619-1792, Richmond, 13 vols. 8vo, 1809-23. 
 
 " No other State in the Union possesses so excellent a work on 
 its legislative history." GEORGE BANCROFT : Hist. U. States. 
 
 2. The American Pleader and Lawyer's Guide, N. York, 
 1811, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. Maxims; containing Noy, Francis, 
 and Branch, <fcc., Richmond and Phila., 1824-45, 8vo : 
 see BRANCH, THOMAS ; FRANCIS, RICHARD. 4. New Vir 
 ginia Justice ; 4th ed., Richmond, 1825, 8vo. 5. In con 
 junction with William Munford, Reports of Cases in Su 
 preme Ct. of Appeals of Va., and in the Supreme Ct. of 
 Chancery for Richmond District, Flatbush and N. York, 
 1809-11, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Ilenkel, C., Lutheran pastor, Somerset, Ohio. 1. 
 
 Ueber die Kindersucht, 1822. 2. On the Reformation : a 
 Synodical Discourse, 1838. 
 
 Henkel, D., Lutheran pastor, Lincoln, N.C. On Re 
 generation, Salisbury, 1822. 
 
 Henkle, Moses Montgomery, D.D., of the Me 
 thodist Epis. Church South, b. 1798, in Pendleton co., Va. 
 1. Masonic Addresses, 1849, 8vo. 2. Primary Platform ; 
 or, Methodism, Nashville, 1852, 12mo. 3. Analysis of 
 Church Government, 1853, 12mo. 4. Life of Bishop Bas- 
 com, 1854, 12mo. 5. Primitive Episcopacy, 1857, 12mo. 
 
 Henley, Anthony, M.P., d. 1711, was a contributor 
 to the Tatler, the Medley, and other periodicals, and wrote 
 poetry for music. Garth eulogizes him in the preface to 
 the Dispensary. 
 
 Henley, Rev. John, 1692-1756, known as Orator 
 Henley, was a native of Melton-Mowbray, and educated 
 at St. John's College, Cambridge. Disappointed in ob 
 taining preferment in London, he commenced the delivery 
 of his famous Lectures or Orations upon theology, politics, 
 fashions, and matters in general. He continued these lec 
 tures for nearly thirty years, and was certainly one of the 
 lions of London. Pope celebrates him in the Dunciad as 
 the "zaney of his age," and Hogarth introduced him in 
 his humorous delineations. He pub. many Sermons, Ho 
 milies, translations from Pliny and Montfaucon, Letters, 
 <fcc., and the following works, by which he is best known : 
 1. Complete Linguist; or, an Universal Grammar of all 
 the considerable Tongues in Being, Lon., 1719-21, 2 vols. 
 8vo. 2. Oratory Transactions : No. 1, 1728, 8vo j Nos. 2, 
 4, 5, 1729, 8vo. 3. Esther ; a Poem. 4. The Hyp Doctor ; 
 a Weekly Paper. By this periodical he is said to have 
 cleared 100 per annum. See Steevens's account of Hen 
 ley, in Nichols's Biog. Anec. of Hogarth ; Lon. Retrosp. 
 Rev., xiv. 206-225, 1826. 
 
 Henley, Robert, Baron Henley and Earl of 
 Northington, Lord-Chancellor of England, b. 1708, d. 
 1786. See EDEN, HON. ROBERT HENLEY; Henley's Life 
 of Lord Northington ; Lord Campbell's Lives of the Lord- 
 Chancellors, and authorities there cited. 
 
 Henley, Hon. Robert Henley Eden, Lord. 
 See EDEN. 
 
 Henley, Samuel, D.D., d. 1816, Prof, of Moral Philos. 
 in the College of Williamsburg, Virginia, subsequently 
 Rector of Rendlesham, Suffolk, and in 1805 Principal of 
 the East India College at Hertford, pub. several serms., 
 &c., 1771-1803; observations on Virgil, 1788 ; a trans, of 
 the Elegies of Tibullus, 1792 ; and edited Beckford's Ca- 
 leph Vathek, 1786. 
 
 Henley, Thomas. Case in Midwifery, Exon., 1715, 
 12mo. 
 
 Henley, Zach. Allnut. Navigation of the Thames 
 from Richmond to Stnines, Lon., 1805, 8vo. 
 
 Henley, Wm. Electricity; Phil. Trans., 1772-78. 
 
 Hennell, Charles. Forms of Affidavits, &c., 2d ed., 
 Lon., 1837, 8vo. Adapted to the Irish Practice, with 
 many new Precedents, &c., by W. Mockler, Dubl., 1844,8 vo. 
 
 Hennen, John. Military Surgery, Edin., 1818, Svo. 
 
 Henniker, Sir Frederick, Bart. Notes during a 
 Visit to Egypt, Nubia, the Oasis Bo3ris,<fcc., Lon., 1824, Svo. 
 
 " We have read Sir Frederick fjenniker's Notes on Egypt, &c. 
 with pleasure, and freely confess that the perusal frequently re 
 laxed our gravity ; it is in fact an amusing little volume, and will 
 find a place by the side of the Diary of an Invalid." Lon. Quar. 
 Rev. 
 
 Henniker, Major John, Lord, M.P. 1. Letter to 
 George, Earl of Leicester, 1788, Svo. 2. Two Letters on 
 the Origin, Antiq., and Hist, of Norman Titles, 1794, 8vo. 
 3. Bicknacre Priory, in Essex; Archaeol., 1794. 
 
 Henning, George, M.D. Scrofulas, 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Henric, James. The Curtaine of Church Power and 
 Authorise in things called Indifferent, Lon., 1632, 4to. 
 
 Henricus, Huntindiensis. See HENRY OF HUN 
 TINGDON. 
 
 Henry,Archdeacon of Huntingdon and Hert 
 fordshire, b. about the end of the llth century, d. after 
 1154, is best known as an author by a History of England, 
 in eight books, from the earliest accounts to A.D. 1154. 
 This was pub. by Sir Henry Savile among the Scriptores 
 post Bedam, Lon., 1596, fol. ; Francf., 1601, fol. ; also in 
 the Collec. of Historians edited by order of the Recon. 
 Commission, vol. i. 689-763 ; also a translation, with the 
 Acts of Stephen, by an unknown author; by Thomas For 
 ester, Lon., 1853, sm. 8vo. Wharton, in his Anglia Sacra, 
 ii. 694, publishes an Epistle of Henry's, ad Walterum de 
 Mundi Contemptu, sive de Episcopis et viris illustrious sui 
 temporis. See also D'Achery, Spicilegium, Parisiis, 1723, 
 fol., tomus iii. 503-507, or, in first ed., tomus viii. 178. 
 
 Henry was also a poet of considerable merit. In his 
 
 a 
 
HEN 
 
 HEN 
 
 old age he collected his writings into one series, divided 
 into twelve books. There are two MSS. of this book in 
 the Archiepiscopal Library at Lambeth. For a more par 
 ticular account of this writer we refer the reader to Wright's 
 Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo-Norman Period, 167-173. 
 
 " A large portion of the earlier part of Henry's History is com 
 piled and translated from the Saxon chronicle ; he even translates 
 the metrical parts, and in some instances incorrectly, which shows 
 that so early as the reign of Stephen the language of Anglo-Saxon 
 poetry was becoming obsolete. He gives us some valuable notices 
 of Anglo-Saxon history, which appear to be taken from old songs 
 
 and from tradition His dates are frequently confused One 
 
 of his last writings was probably the letter already alluded to, 
 addressed to his friend, Walter, De Mundi Conttmptu; in it he 
 recounts to his friend the number of rich and powerful and learned 
 
 men whom they had seen sink successively into the grave 
 
 Henry of Huntingdon's poetry is superior to the general standard 
 of medieval Latin verse. It is somewhat miscellaneous, consisting 
 of metrical treatises on herbs, gems, spices, &c., of hymns, of ama 
 tory poetry, and of epigrams. Leland quotes the following elegant 
 lines from the invocation to his poem on herbs, which is founded 
 on the older treatise of Macer : 
 
 " ' Vatum inagne parens, berbarum Phoebe repertor, 
 Vosque, quibus resonant Tempe jocosa, deae, 
 Si mihi serta prius hedera florente parastis, 
 Ecce meos flores. serta parate, fero.' " 
 
 WRIGHT : ubi supra. 
 
 Henry the Minstrel, or Blind Harry, a wander 
 ing Scotch poet of the 15th century, is celebrated as the 
 author of The Actis and Deidis of the illuster and vailzeand 
 Campioun, Schir William Wallace, Knicht of Ellerslie. 
 This poem, which is in twelve books of ten-syllable lines, 
 is supposed to have been written about 1475. Henry pro 
 fesses to found it on a Latin history of Wallace, now lost, 
 by John Blair and Thomas Gray. The only MS. copy 
 known of Henry's poem is in the Advocates' Library, 
 Edinburgh, dated 1488. It was first pub., Edin., 1570, 
 4to; 1601, 4to; 1611, 4to; 1620, 8vo; Aberdeen, 1630, 
 8vo; Edin., 1648, 8vo; 1661; Glasg., 1665, 8vo ; Edin., 
 1673, 12mo; Glasg.; Edin., 1709, 12mo; Glasg., 1713, 
 '22, 8vo; Edin., 1758, 4to. This ed. likewise contains 
 Arnaldi Blair Relationes; with Notes, Dissertations, Illus 
 trations, and a portrait of Wallace, Perth, 1790, 3 vols. 
 12iao. Since this date (i. e. in 1820, Edin., 4to) Dr. John 
 Jamieson pub. it with the Bruce of Barbour. A paraphrase 
 of Harry's poem, in modern Scotch, by William Hamilton 
 of Gilbertfield, has long been popular with the Scottish 
 peasantry, and had no little effect in eliciting the poetic 
 talents of Robert Bruce. As a historian, recent discove 
 ries have somewhat elevated the reputation of Blind 
 Harry; as a poet, he has perhaps enjoyed the full benefit 
 of the advantage which mystery confers upon the fame 
 of the minstrel. Mr. Ellis does not hesitate to say 
 
 " That a man born blind should excel in any science is suffi 
 ciently extraordinary, though by no means without example 
 but that he should become an excellent poet is almost miraculous 
 because the soul of poetry is description. Perhaps, therefore, i 
 may be easily assumed that Henry was not inferior in point ol 
 genius either to Barbour or Chaucer, nor indeed to any poet of 
 any age or country." Specimens of tJie Early English Poets. 
 
 The absurdity of this remark is well exposed in Cham 
 bers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen 
 ed. 1855, iii. 16. 
 
 As regards the value of the historical statements of 
 the poet, we have the following opinion of an eminen 
 authority : 
 
 " I am persuaded that Wallace is the work of an ignorant man 
 who was yet in possession of valuable and authentic materials 
 On what other supposition can we account for the fact that, whils 
 in one page we meet with errors which show a deplorable perver 
 sion of history, in the next we find circumstances unknown t 
 other Scottish historians, yet corroborated by authentic docu 
 ments, by contemporary English annalists, by national monu 
 ments, and records only published in modern times and to whici 
 the minstrel cannot be supposed to have had access? The work 
 therefore, cannot be treated as an entire romance." P. F.TYTLER 
 Lives of Scottish Worthies. 
 
 Mr. Tytler proceeds to adduce a number of instances ii 
 which modern historical discoveries prove Henry to b 
 correct. Major, who lived at the same time with the poet 
 tells us the little we know of the minstrel, and enables u 
 to form some estimate of the value of his history: 
 
 "Integruni librum Gulielmi Vallacei Henricus, a nativitat 
 luminibus captus, meee infcmtiao tempore cudit; et quse vulg 
 dicebantur, carmine vul^ari, in quo peritus erat, conscripsit; (eg 
 autem talibus scriptis soluin in parte fidem impertior;) qui histc 
 riarum recitatione coram principibus victum et vestitum qu 
 dignus erat nactus est." Hist. Lib., iv., c. 15. 
 
 See Irving's Lives of Scot Poets ; Jamieson's edit, c 
 Bruce and Wallace ; Mackenzie's Scots Writers ; Warton 
 Hist, of Eng. Poet. ; authorities cited above. 
 
 Henry IV., King of England, surnamed of Bo 
 lingbroke, b. 1366, d. 1413, eldest son of John of Gaun 
 Duke of Lancaster, by the Lady Blanche, daughter c 
 Henry Plautagenet, Duke of Lancaster. Epistola ad N 
 
 olaum de Cusa S.R.E. Cardinalem. See D'Achery, Spicil., 
 i. 803. 
 
 Henry VIII., King of England, b. 1491, d. 1547, 
 
 econd son of Henry VII., by his queen, Elizabeth of York, 
 
 ained from Leo X. the title of Defender of the Faith, by 
 
 Latin treatise Assertio VII. Sacramentorum adversus 
 
 Lutherum, Lon., 1521, 4to; Romse, 1521, 4to ; Lon., other 
 ds., for an account of which, and other writings connected 
 
 with Henry and his reign, see Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 906- 
 08, Watt's Bibl. Brit,, and the histories of England. An 
 Inglish trans., by T. W., of the Assertion of the Seven 
 acraments, was pub. in 1687, 4to. 
 
 "Of Henry's intellectual ability we are not left to judge from 
 he suspicious panegyrics of his contemporaries. His state papers 
 nd letters may be placed by the side of those of Wolsey or of 
 !romwell. and they lose nothing in the comparison. Though they 
 re broadly different, the perception is equally clear, the expression 
 qually powerful, and they breathe throughout an irresistible vi- 
 our of purpose." Fronde's Hist, of Eng. from the Fall of Wolsey 
 the Death of Elizabeth, Lon., 1856. 
 
 Henry, Marquis and Earl of Worcester. Apo- 
 hethegius, Lon., 1650, 8vo. 
 
 Henry, Alexander, 1739-1824, a native of New 
 ersey, extensively engaged in the Fur Trade, travelled 
 or sixteen years in the northwestern parts of America, and 
 jives us the result of his observations in his Travels and 
 Adventures in Canada and the Indian Territories, 1760-76, 
 tf.York, 1809, 8vo. The Preface to this interesting work 
 will be found in Rich's Bibl. Aruer. Nova, ii. 42. 
 
 His enterprise, perils, and intrepidity, excite deep interest." 
 CHANCELLOR KENT. 
 
 Henry, Caleb Sprague, D.D., formerly a Congre 
 gational minister, but since 1835 a clergyman of the Pro 
 testant Episcopal Church, is a native of Rutland, Mass., 
 ind graduated at Dartmouth College in 1825. In 1835 he 
 ,vas appointed Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philo 
 sophy in Bristol College; removed to New York in 1837; 
 and in that city established The New York Review, which 
 le conducted until 1840, when Dr. J. G. Cogswell, who had 
 jeen co-editor for the previous twelvemonth, assumed the 
 entire duties connected with its supervision. Dr. Henry 
 was chosen Professor of Philosophy, History, and Belles- 
 Lettres, in the University of the city of New York, and 
 discharged the engagements connected with this responsible 
 post until his retirement in 1852. He was also, from 1847- 
 50, rector of St. Clement's Church, New York. He now 
 (1856) resides in the vicinity of New York, and is a fre 
 quent contributor to the Church Review, and other perio 
 dicals. See Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. 
 
 1. Elements of Psychology ; included in a Critical Exa 
 mination of Locke's Essay on the Human Understanding, 
 by Victor Cousin; trans, from the French, with an Intro 
 duction and Notes, Hartford, 1834; N.York, 1839; 4th 
 ed., revised, 1856, 12mo, pp. 568. 2. Compendium of 
 Christian Antiquities, 1837, 8vo. 3. Moral and Philoso 
 phical Essays, N. York, 1839. 4. Guizot's General Hist, 
 of Civilization, with Notes, 12ino. 5. Household Liturgy, 
 12mo. 6. Epitome of the Hist, of Philosophy; trans, from 
 the French, with addits. and a Continuation from the time 
 of Reid to the present day, 1845, 2 vols. 12mo. About 
 one-fourth of this work was written by Dr. Henry. 7. A 
 Manual of Ancient and Modern History, by W. C. Taylor, 
 LL.D., &c.; with addits., 1845, 8vo, and each division in 
 1 vol. 8vo. See N. Amer. Rev., Ixi. 245-248. Dr. Henry 
 has also pub. a number of college addresses on university 
 education, Ac. 
 
 Henry, David, 1710-1792, for more than half a cen 
 tury connected with the Gentleman's Magazine, has already 
 been noticed in our life of his brother-in-law, Edward 
 Cave. In that article, (written in 1854,) referring to the 
 length of time (nearly fourscore years) for which the 
 Nicholses had been connected with the Magazine, we re 
 marked, "May the Nicholses 'live a thousand years,' and 
 issue the Gentleman's Magazine ' punctually on the 1st of 
 every month !' " But alas for our hopes ! the'number of 
 the Magazine for the present month, (June, 1856,) which lies 
 before us, contains the following startling announcement : 
 " NOTICE. The July and following numbers of the GENTLEMAN'S 
 MAGAZINE will be published by Messrs. J. H. and Jas. Parker, 377, 
 Strand, to whom all communications and Books for review are to 
 be sent." 
 
 We can only express the hope that the Parkers will prove 
 worthy successors of their "illustrious predecessors." 
 
 David Henry gave to the world 1. Twenty Discourses 
 abridged from Archbp. Tillotson, <fcc.; 2d ed., Lon., 1763, 
 sm. 8vo; 4th ed., 1779. 2. The Complete English Farmer; 
 or, a Practical System of Husbandry. 3. An Historical 
 Account of all the Voyages round the World, performed 
 by English Navigators, 1774, 4 vols. 8vo. To these he 
 
HEN 
 
 HEN 
 
 added 2 volg., including Capt. Cook's Voyages. Henry was 
 a frequent contributor to the Gentleman's Magazine. 
 
 Henry, J. Eighteen Serms., 1816, 8vo. 
 
 Henry, J. R. Catalogus Medicamentorum., Franc., 
 1682, 4to. 
 
 Henry, John, an actor and manager of the Theatre 
 in Philadelphia. A School for Soldiers, or The Deserter ; 
 a Dramatic Piece, Kingston, Jamaica, 1783, 8vo. 
 
 Henry, John. 1. Points in Manumission, &c., Lon., 
 1817, 8vo. 2. Grim. Law at Demerara, Ac., 1821, 8vo. 3. 
 Judgment of the Ct. of Demerara in Case of Odwin v. 
 Forbes, 1823, 8vo. 
 
 Henry, John Joseph, 1758-1810 ? Presiding Judge 
 of the Second District of Pennsylvania, entered the army 
 at the age of 17, and accompanied Arnold through the 
 wilderness of Maine to Quebec. His account of this ex 
 pedition was pub. at Lancaster, 1812. 12mo. 
 
 Henry, Joseph, late Professor of Natural Philosophy 
 in the College of New Jersey ; Secretary of the Smithson 
 ian Institute at Washington, D.C., since its first organiza 
 tion in 1846 ; has pub. many valuable papers on electricity 
 and magnetism in Amer. Philos. Trans., Silliman's Jour, 
 of Amer. Science, Journal of the Franklin Institute, Ac. 
 Contributions to Electricity and Magnetism, Phila., 1839, 
 4to. 
 
 Henry, Matthew, 1662-1714, the second son of 
 Philip Henry, was born at his father's residence, Broad 
 Oak farm-house, in Flintshire, N. Wales. He was remark 
 able for the early development of his mind; and it is 
 affirmed that at three years of age he read the Bible dis 
 tinctly, and with a wonderful comprehension of its mean 
 ing. From his early years he evinced a decided inclina 
 tion to the ministry. His excellent father made it a rule 
 that his children should spend an hour together every 
 Saturday afternoon in devotional exercises ; and we are 
 told that 
 
 " On these occasions Matthew presided, and gave intimations 
 of his subsequent delight in God's service, too distinct and too 
 impressive to be either overlooked or forgotten. If at such times 
 he thought his sisters improperly curtailed, their prayers, he 
 would gently expostulate; telling them that 'it was impossible, 
 in so short a time, to include all the cases and persons they had 
 to recommend to God.' " 
 
 His father being a Non-conformist, he was deprived of 
 the privilege of entrance at either of the universities, and 
 was placed under the charge of Mr. Thomas Doolittle, of 
 Islington. For a short time subsequently he frequented 
 Gray's Inn, and acquired some knowledge of the law. In 
 1686 he commenced preaching, and in the next year ac 
 cepted the pastoral charge of a church at Chester. In 
 1712, after twice declining, he acceded to an urgent in 
 vitation to take charge of the church of the late Dr. 
 Bates, of Hackney. One strong inducement to this 
 change was the necessity of a London residence to the 
 proper oversight of the publication of his Commentary 
 on the Scriptures, then in the press. In his new field, as 
 in his former location, he was indefatigable in his labours, 
 which were greatly blessed. In May, 1714, he made a 
 visit to his old friends in Cheshire, and upon his return 
 home was taken ill at Nantwich. Anticipating a fatal 
 issue, he said to Mr. Illidge : 
 
 " You have been used to take notice of the sayings of dying 
 men. This is mine : that a life spent in the service of God and 
 communion with him is the most pleasant life that any one can 
 live in this world." 
 
 His death occurred on June 22, 1714, in the fifty- 
 second year of his age. 
 
 A more truly excellent man in all the relations of life 
 we should be at a loss to find. That odd person, John 
 Dunton, says of him, 
 
 " All his actions appear to be perfectly devoted to God, strictly 
 observing St. Paul's rule in the 4th of the Philippians, ' What 
 soever things are honest,' &c., which Mr. Henry does with that 
 exactness and sincerity, the very Churchmen love him, and even 
 Malice is angry she can find no cause to be angry with him." 
 
 A list of his works, according to Middleton's Evangeli 
 cal Biography : 1. A Small Discourse concerning the 
 Nature of Schism, 1689. 2. His Father's Life, 1696. 3. A 
 Discourse about Meekness and Quietness of Spirit, on 
 1 Pet. iii. 4, to which is added, A Sermon preached at Mr. 
 Howe's Meeting-house in London, 1698., 4. A Scripture 
 Catechism, 1702. 5. Family Hymns; gathered most out 
 of David's Psalms, and all out of the inspired writings, 
 1702. 6. A Plain Catechism for Children. 7. A Sermon 
 concerning the right Management of friendly visits : 
 preached at Mr. Howe's meeting in London, 1704. 8. A 
 Church in the House : preached at Mr. Shower's meeting, 
 and published at the request of the congregation, 1704. 
 9. The Communicant's Companion ; or, Instructions and 
 Helps for the right receiving of the Lord's Supper, 1704. 
 
 10. Four Discourses against Vice and Immorality, viz. : 
 I. Against Drunkenness; II. Against Uncleanness; III. 
 Against Sabbath-breaking ; IV. Against Profane Speak 
 ing, 1705. 11. Great Britain's present Hopes and Joys 
 opened, in two sermons; the former on the national 
 thanksgiving-day, December 31, 1706, the latter the day 
 following, being New-year's day, Psalm Ixv. 11. 12. Two 
 Funeral Sermons ; one on Dr. Samuel Benyon, the other 
 on the Rev. Mr. Francis Tallents, ministers of the gospel 
 in Shrewsbury, with an account of their lives, 1709. 13. 
 A Method for Prayer, with Scripture Expressions proper 
 to be used under each head, 1710. 14. A Sermon con 
 cerning the Work and Success of the Ministry, 1710. 15. 
 Disputes Reviewed; a sermon preached at the evening 
 lecture on the Lord's day, from Mark ix. 33, 1710. 16. 
 Faith in Christ inferred from Faith in God; a sermon 
 preached on the Tuesday's lecture at Salters' Hall, from 
 John xiv. 1, 1711. 17. A Sermon concerning the For 
 giveness of Sin as a Debt, on Matt. vi. 12, 1711. 18. Hope 
 and Fear balanced ; in a lecture at Salters' Hall, July 24, 
 1711. 19. A Sermon preached at the Funeral of Mr. 
 Samuel Lawrence, minister of the gospel at Nantwich in 
 Cheshire, on Phil. ii. 27, 1712. 20. A Sermon preached 
 at Salters' Hall, to the Societies for the Reformation of 
 Manners, June 30, 1712. 21. A Sermon preached at Ha 
 berdashers' Hall, on the Occasion of the Death of the 
 Reverend Mr. Richard Stretton, July 13, 1712. 22. Di 
 rections for Daily Communion with God : in three Ser 
 mons ; shewing how to begin, how to spend, and how to 
 close, every day with God, Sept. 8, 1712. 23. An Exhorta 
 tion at the close of the Ordination of Mr. Samuel Clark at 
 St. Alban's, Sept. 17, 1712. 24. Popery a Spiritual Ty 
 ranny ; shewed in a Sermon preached on Nov. 5, 1712. 
 25. A Sermon preached at the ordination of Mr. Atkinson, 
 Jan. 27, 1713. 26. A Sermon preached on occasion of 
 the Funeral of the Rev. Mr. Daniel Burgess, Feb. 3, 1713. 
 27. Christ's Favour to little Children opened and improved ; 
 in a sermon preached at the public baptizing of a child in 
 London, on Mark x. 16, March 6, 1713. 28. A Sermon 
 concerning the Catechizing of Youth ; preached to Mr. 
 Harris's Catechumens, April 7, 1713. 29. Self-Considera 
 tion necessary to Self- Preservation ; or, The Folly of 
 despising our own Souls and our own Ways, opened in 
 two sermons to young people, June 14, 1713. 30. Sober- 
 mindedness pressed upon Young People; preached at the 
 catechistical lecture at Mr. Wilcox's meeting-place, and 
 printed at the desire of many of the Catechumens, most 
 of them being ministers' sons, Sept. 2, 1713. 31. A Me 
 morial of the Fire of the Lord, in a sermon preached 
 Sept. 2, 1713, on Num. xi. 3, being the day of remem 
 brance of the burning of London, at Mr. Reynold's meet 
 ing-house. 32. The Pleasantness of a religious life 
 opened, proved, and recommended to the consideration 
 of all, and particularly of young people, May 21, 1714. 
 33. His Expositions of the Bible; "in which he has gone 
 through the Old Testament in four large volumes folio, 
 and through the Evangelists and the Acts of the Apostles 
 in a fifth ; and was fully bent, if God had spared his life, 
 to have finished the whole in another volume : but in that 
 death has prevented him." 34. An Account of the Life 
 and Death of Lieutenant Illidge, father to Mr. George 
 Illidge, of Nantwich, Mr. Henry's very particular friend. 
 35. A Treatise on Baptism, abridged from the original 
 MS. by Thomas Robins, 1783. 
 
 A number of sermons and papers have been recently 
 pub. for the first time in the last collective eds. of his 
 Miscellaneous Works. 
 
 There have been new eds. of many of Henry's works, 
 and several collections of his Miscellaneous Writings. 
 1. Miscell. Works, with Life by Rev. Wm. Tong, Lon., 
 1726, fol. 2. 1811, 4to, pp. 876. 3. By Rev. C. Bradley, 
 1823, 12mo. 4. With Preface by Sir John B. Williams, 
 and numerous serms. now first printed, and forty serms. 
 by Philip Henry, 1830, imp. 8vo. 5. Selections, with 
 Memoir, 2 vols. r. 8vo. 6. Miscell. Works, containing, iu 
 addit. to those hitherto pub., numerous Serms. and Papers 
 now first printed; with Funeral Serms. of Tong, Reynolds, 
 and Williams, and forty serms. by Philip Henry, 1855, 
 2 vols. r. 8vo, xxiv., 1419 ; with portrait. Pub. by Car 
 ter & Bros., N. York. A reprint of No. 4. 
 
 " Very popular; his style short and pointed; many antitheses; 
 a little fanciful : he makes his heads begin with the same letter, 
 or some chiming words, yet oftentimes natural. Great serious 
 ness ; sprightly thoughts, digested in very good order. His style is 
 formed on Scripture, and he has many beautiful allusions to it." 
 DR. DODDEIDGB. 
 
 " The habit of sprightly and apt allusion to Scripture facts, and 
 the use of Scripture language, which Mr. Henry diligently culti- 
 
HEN 
 
 HEN 
 
 vated, has not only enriched, but unspeakably enlivened, his | 
 miscellaneous writings. . . . His diction, always expressive, is j 
 often felicitous; and, though it makes no pretension to elegance, ! 
 is both nervous and forcible. . . . His allusion and imagery, in like 
 manner, always please and always edify; the former, because 
 they are generally scriptural ; the latter, because, like the parables 
 of our Lord, they are derived from the most common occurrences." 
 SIB J. B. WILLIAMS. 
 
 Of the Commentary on the Old and New Testament 
 there have been many eds. 1. Lon., 1710, 5 vols. fol. 
 First collective ed. 2. 1737, 5 vols. fol. 3. 1761-63, 
 
 5 vols. fol. 4. Edin., 1767, 6 vols. fol. 5. 1779, (6 vols. 
 fol. ?) 6. Lon., 1792, 6 vols. 4to. 7. Edin., 1797, 6 vols. 
 4to. 8. Revised ed., by Rev. Geo. Burder and Rev. Jos. 
 Hughes, with a Life of the Author by Samuel Palmer, 
 Lon. and Edin., 1811, 6 vols. 4to. 9. The same, with a 
 Pref. by Archibald Alexander, D.D., Phila., 1833, 6 vols. 
 r. 8vo. First Amer. ed. 10. Stratford, 3 vols. fol. 11. With 
 Introductory Remarks by Rev. E. Bickersteth, Lon., 1827, 
 
 6 vols. 4to. 12. Ditto, 1827, 6 vols. 4to. 13. Ditto, 1832, 
 6 vols. 4to. 14. Ditto, 1846, 6 vols. 4to. 15. Ditto, 1849, 
 6 vols. 4to. 16. With Life of the author by Sir J. B. Wil 
 liams, 1828, 3 vols. imp. 8vo. 17. Ditto, 1849, 3 vols. 
 imp. 8vo. 18. Another ed., 1830. 19. Another ed., 1833. 
 20. Another ed., 1835. 21. Another ed., 1836. 22. With 
 Life by Rev. H. Davis, 1844, 6 vols. 8vo. 23. Another ed., 
 1848-49, 3 vols. 4to. 24. New York, Carter & Bros., 6 vols. 
 r. 8vo. 25. Again, by the same, 1855, 5 vols. 4to. There 
 are also an Abridgment, by Bloomfield, Lon., 2 vols. 4to. 
 Exposition of the Book of Proverbs, 1840, r. 8vo j of the 
 Book of Psalms, 1852, p. 8vo. The Beauties of Henry : 
 a Selection of the most striking Passages in his Exposition 
 of the Bible, by J. Geard, 1797, 12mo. 
 
 The London Religious Tract Society pub., in 1831-35, 
 in 12mo form without the text, and in super-roy. 8vo 
 with the text and marginal references, a Commentary on 
 the Bible from Henry and Scott, with numerous Notes 
 and observ. from other Authors. This work was received 
 with such favour that more than 200,000 vols. were sold 
 by the end of the year 1840. We have already noticed 
 with commendation (p. 69) the Comprehensive Com 
 mentary (Phila., 6 vols. r. 8vo) which is based principally 
 upon Henry's Exposition. 
 
 We now proceed to adduce some testimonies to the 
 value of Henry's invaluable Commentary upon the Holy 
 Scriptures. It will be remembered that the author only 
 lived to complete his work to the end of the Acts of the 
 Apostles. The remaining books were commented upon, 
 with the assistance of Henry's MSS., by the following 
 Dissenting divines : 
 
 1. Romans, John Evans. 2. 1st Corinthians, Simon 
 Brown. 3. 2d Corinth, and 1st and 2d Thessal., Daniel 
 Mayo. 4. Galatians, Joshua Bayes. 5. Ephesians, 
 Samuel Roswell. 6. Philipp. and Coloss., Win. Harris. 
 7. 1st and 2d Timothy, B. A. Atkinson. 8. Titus and 
 Philemon, Jeremiah Smith. 9. Hebrews and Revelation, 
 Wm. Tong. 10. James, Samuel Wright. 11. 1st Peter, 
 Zechariah Harriot. 12. 2d Peter, Joseph Hill. 13. 1st, 2d, 
 and 3d John, Thos. Reynolds. 14. Jude, John Billingsley. 
 
 "The continuators are not all equal to the original; which is 
 easily accounted for, as they accommodated themselves to the 
 manner of their predecessor, in which no man could excel but 
 himself." ORME : BiU. Bib. 
 
 "Henry is, perhaps, the only commentator so large that de 
 serves to be entirely and attentively read through. The remark 
 able passages should be marked. There is much to be learned in 
 a speculative, and more in a practical, way." DR. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 Having read Henry's Commentary "entirely and atten 
 tively through," we can heartily endorse Dr. Doddridge's 
 commendation. 
 
 " There is no comment on the Bible, either ancient or modern, 
 in all respects equal to Mr. Henry's." REV. W. ROMAINE. 
 
 "The learned leisure of the universities, or the sanctioned 
 names of dignitaries, may have produced works which rank higher 
 in the esteem of scholars; but Matthew Henry stands without a 
 rival as an expositor of Scripture for the edification of the Church 
 of God." History of Dissenters. 
 
 -L. A^v' Hen , r y' s admirable Commentary on the Scriptures, which 
 bath been blessed to the instruction and edification of hundreds 
 of ministers, and thousands of Christians, for more than a cen 
 tury, still maintains its reputation above most, if not all other 
 commentaries." Burnftam's Pious Memorials. 
 
 "As long as the Bible continues, in England. Mr. Henry's ad- 
 WU1 ** PriZed by *" 8eri US Christians -"- 
 
 Dr. Adam Clarke, referring to the many abridgments 
 of various commentaries, remarks respecting those from 
 Henry : 
 
 " Every one of which, while professing to lop off his redundan 
 cies and supply bis deficiences, falls, by a semi-diameter of the 
 immense orb of literature and religion, short of the author him 
 self. . . . He is always orthodox, generally judicious, truly pious 
 and practical." 
 
 " Nor is it feeble praise that the apostolic Whitefield, whose 
 labours and virtues inspired even the pen of Cowper, was trained, 
 as a Christian and a preacher, by Mr. Henry's Commentary; that 
 he literally studied it on his knees, read it through four times, 
 and, to the close of life, spoke of its author with profound venera 
 tion, ever calling him ' the great Mr. Henry.' " 
 Robert Hall declares : 
 " I discern new beauties in Henry every day." 
 We are told in his memoirs : 
 
 " For the last two years he read daily two chapters of Matthew 
 Henry's Commentary. As he proceeded, he felt increasing in 
 terest and pleasure ; admiring the copiousness, variety and pious 
 ingenuity of the thoughts, the simplicity, strength, and preg 
 nancy of the expressions. He earnestly recommended the Com 
 mentary to his daughters; and, on hearing the eldest reading for 
 successive mornings to the second, he expressed the highest 
 delight." 
 
 "' ' I have often read portions of Henry's Commentary, and con 
 sulted it; but I have now begun with the first chapter of Genesis, 
 and I mean to read the work through regularly. I have set my 
 self, sir, two chapters every morning, and I anticipate it as a 
 feast. This is the way to read Matthew Henry, sir. I discover 
 new beauties in him every day, that are not obvious when read 
 ing detached parts. I would advise you to adopt the same 
 method, sir; you will be quite delighted with it. I have found 
 that the most pious persons of my acquaintance, in the latter 
 period of their lives, have been great readers of Henry. There 
 must be something next to inspiration in him, sir; for as face 
 answers to face, so does the heart of one Christian to another.' I 
 asked his opinion of Scott's Commentary. ' Oh, it is a good work, 
 sir, but it is not to be compared to Henry ; there is not that 
 unction of spirit that there is in Henry.' " Green's Reminiscences 
 of Robert Hall. 
 
 "It would be almost ill-judged partiality to maintain that he 
 equals Dr. Owen in profound and continuous thinking, or Dr. 
 Barrow in accuracy and elaboration, or Dr. Bates in affluent 
 phraseology, or Jeremy Taylor and John Howe in noble daring 
 and seraphic elevation. He belongs to a totally different school, 
 me less cumbrous, less obscure, less refined, less eloquent. It 
 is praise sufficient to claim for him the fancy of Quarles, the 
 affection of Flavel, the gentleness of Herbert, the good sense of 
 Tillotson, and the terse sententiousness and antithetical point of 
 Bishop Hall." WILLIAMS. 
 
 " The Commentary of Matthew Henry has for above a century 
 been highly prized by Christians of all denominations ; nor has 
 any subsequent one rendered it less valuable, or less desirable in 
 every Christian library. With such views of the virtue and ex 
 cellence of this work, views which the writer has long entertained, 
 and some sense of the benefit which he trusts that he has person 
 ally derived from it for many years, he has great pleasure in making 
 these introductory remarks. . . . Very practical and edifying, 
 lively, sound and devotional." REV. EDWARD BICKERSTETH. 
 
 "Mr. Henry's work has long enjoyed a high and deserved repu 
 tation. The work is distinguished, not for the depth of its learning 
 or the originality of its views, but for the sound practical piety 
 and large measure of good sense which it discovers. The author 
 was well acquainted with the character and ways of God, and pro 
 foundly versant in the science of human nature ; so that from his 
 own experience he very often instructs and edifies his readers. 
 He often leaves difficulties unremoved and even unnoticed; and 
 there is a peculiar quaintness in the turn of many of his remarks, 
 which renders his work somewhat repulsive to persons of fastidious 
 taste; but few books of such extent on the Bible contain so much 
 writing to the purpose, or are so well fitted to promote the general 
 good of men." ORME : Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " It is chiefly practical; yet, without any parade of learning, it 
 frequently contains good explanations of difficult passages. The 
 numerous editions through which it has passed sufficiently attest 
 the great estimation in which it is held." T. H. HORNE : Bibl. Bib. 
 "This work has now been before the Christian community for 
 more than a hundred years, and has, from its first publication, 
 been so well received, and is so generally approved, that all recom 
 mendation of the work seems now superfluous. . . . Many other 
 valuable commentaries, it is true, have been given to the public 
 since this work was first edited, and have deservedly gained for 
 themselves a high estimation and extensive circulation. But it 
 may be safely said that Henry's Exposition of the Bible has not 
 been superseded by any of these publications, and, in those points 
 in which its peculiar excellence consists, remains unrivalled. For 
 some particular purposes, and in some particular respects, other 
 commentaries may be preferable; but, taking it as a whole, and 
 as adapted to. every class of readers, this Commentary may be said 
 to combine more excellences than any work of the kind which 
 was ever written in any language. It may be more necessary for 
 the unlearned to read such works as this, than for the learned ; 
 yet I am persuaded that there is no man living, however learned, 
 but might derive much practical instruction from Henry's Expo 
 sition of the Bible; and if ministers of the gospel would spend 
 much time in perusing this work, it would manifest itself by the 
 richness and spirituality of their sermons and lectures." ARCHI 
 BALD ALEXANDER, D.D. : Preface to Henry's Commentary. 
 
 Henry* Patrick, 1736-1799, a native of Hanover 
 county, Virginia, was a son of John Henry, of Aberdeen, 
 Scotland, who was a cousin to David Henry, of the Gen 
 tleman's Magazine, and a nephew of the celebrated histo 
 rian, Dr. Robertson. It will thus be seen that Patrick 
 Henry was a cousin of the celebrated Lord Brougham. 
 Henry was one of the first and most strenuous advocates 
 of American Independence, and, having distinguished him 
 self by great eloquence at the Bar, he was in 1765 elected 
 a member of the House of Burgesses of Virginia, as an 
 opponent of the Stamp Act; in 1774 he was a delegate to 
 the first Congress of the Colonies; in 1776 he was elected 
 
HEN 
 
 HEN 
 
 Governor of Virginia; in 1786 he was a representative to 
 the Convention held at Philadelphia for the purpose of 
 revising the Federal Constitution ; in 1794 he retired from 
 public life, and died in 1799. 
 
 For further particulars respecting Patrick Henry and 
 the extraordinary powers of eloquence for which he was so 
 famous, we refer the reader to Wirt's Life of Henry, (first 
 pub. in 1817:) Life, by Alexander H. Everett, in Sparks's 
 Amer.Biog., Second Series, i. 207-398 ; Life, by G. S.Arnold, 
 N.York, 1855, 16mo ; Speeches of Henry, Ames, Pinckney, 
 <fec., Phila., Svo; the histories of the period; art. in N. A. 
 Review, vi. 293, by Jared Sparks ; art. on American Ora 
 tors and Statesmen, in Lon. Quar. Rev., Ixvii. 1-53, by A. 
 Hay ward ; in South. Lit. Mess., xiii. 505, by E. L. Magoon ; 
 in Meth. Quar. Rev., i. 122 ; in Analec. Mag./ vi. 376, x. 
 441; Reminiscences of, by Dr. Archibald Alexander, in 
 Princeton Mag., and in Liv. Age, xxvi. 205. 
 
 The meagre report of Henry's Speeches in our posses 
 sion is of the most unsatisfactory character: 
 
 " They fall, of course, fur below his fame; and it is, after all, on 
 the faith of mere tradition, attested, however, by facts too nume 
 rous and of too public a character to leave it in any way doubtful, 
 that the present and future generations will acknowledge the jus 
 tice of his claim to the proud title that has been given him of the 
 greatest orator of the New World. 5 ' ALEXANDER H. EVERETT : Life 
 of Henry. 
 
 " On the retrospect of so many years, I may be permitted to ex 
 press my views of the extraordinary effects of Henry's eloquence. 
 . . . The power of Henry's eloquence was due, first, to the great 
 ness of his emotion and passion, accompanied with a versatility 
 which enabled him to assume at once any emotion or passion which 
 was suited to his ends. Not less indispensable, secondly, was a 
 matchless perfection of the organs of expression, including the 
 entire apparatus of voice, intonation, pause, gesture, attitude, and 
 indescribable play of countenance." DR. ARCHIBALD ALEXANDER : 
 Reminiscences of Henry, 
 
 "Every look, every motion, every pause, every start, was com 
 pletely tilled and dilated by the thought which he was uttering, 
 and seemed indeed to form a part of the thought itself." WILLIAM 
 WIRT: Life, of Henry. 
 
 "The times in which he lived were suited to his genius; in 
 other times we doubt if his peculiar powers would have raised him 
 to a higher distinction than that of an eloquent speaker at the 
 bar. . . . The secret of his eloquence unquestionably rested in his 
 power of touching the springs of passion and feeling. He had 
 little to do with the understanding or judgment of his hearers." 
 JARED SPARKS: N. A. Rev., vi. 322; March, 1818. 
 
 "The forest-born Demosthenes." LORD BYRON. 
 
 Henry, Philip, 1631-1696, father of Matthew Henry 
 the commentator, and also a Non-conformist, was a native 
 of Whitehall, London ; educated at Christ Church, Oxford; 
 ordained by the Presbytery in 1657, and became minister 
 of Worthenbury; ejected at the Restoration, and lived 
 in retirement until the Dissenters were allowed to preach, 
 when he devoted himself with great zeal to the instruction 
 of the thousands who thronged to him in various parts 
 of the country near his residence at Broad Oak. His holy 
 and useful life has been admirably described by his ex 
 cellent son, the commentator: see HENRY, MATTHEW. 
 1. 18 Serms., selected from his original MS., and 2 serms. 
 preached at his death by F. Tallents and M. Henry ; now 
 first pub., with Notes by Sir J. B. Williams, Lon., 1816, 8vo. 
 
 " The excellency of these discourses consists chiefly in the per 
 tinent introduction and close application of Scripture." Lon. 
 Eclectic Review. 
 
 2. Skeletons of 100 Serms., 1834, 12mo. 3. Exposition 
 of the first XL Chapters of Genesis; pub. from an Original 
 MS., 1838, 18mo. 
 
 " A precious relic of Christian piety and wisdom." SIR J. B. 
 WILLIAMS. 
 
 4. Select Remains of Philip Henry and Matthew Henry, 
 from unpub. MSS., by Sir J. B. Williams, sm. 8vo. New 
 ed., 1849, 18mo. See Sir John B. Williams's ed. of Mat 
 thew Henry's Life of Philip Henry, with important addits., 
 Notes, <fcc., 1825, 8vo. 
 
 "The additions and illustrations sufficiently attest the merits 
 of the editor's performance, and recommend the volume to the 
 attention of our readers as a valuable accession to every library." 
 Lon. Ecltc. Rev., April, 1826. 
 
 Also highly recommended by Robert Hall : see hisWorks, 
 ed. 1853, Lon., v. 541. Forty-one Sermons, On What Christ 
 is made to Believers, will be found appended to Sir J. B. 
 Williams's ed. of Matthew Henry's Miscellaneous Works, 
 1830, imp. 8vo; N. York, 1855, 2 vols. r. 8vo. 
 
 "His expounding and preaching was plain and pleasant, warm 
 and savoury, full and overflowing, and such as few could reach, 
 and greatly blessed by God." F. TALLENTS. 
 
 Many of his extemporaneous comments on portions of 
 Scripture read at family worship will be found recorded 
 in his son's Exposition. A quaint writer, whom we fre 
 quently have occasion to quote, bears the following high 
 testimony to the pulpit ministrations of Philip Henry : 
 " Should Angels come from Heaven, ('tis my sense,) 
 They'd not be heard with greater reverence; 
 
 All Pulpits own his learned pieces raise 
 A work to trouble Fame, astonish Praise 
 His Comments are so full, and yet so trim, 
 We praise all virtues in admiring him." 
 
 JOHN DDNTON. 
 
 Henry, Robert, D.D., 1718-1790, a Scotch Presby 
 terian divine, a native of Muirtown, St. Ninian's, Stirling 
 shire, was educated at the University of Edinburgh, and 
 subsequently became master of the grammar-school of 
 Annan. He was licensed to preach in 1746 ; officiated at 
 Carlisle from 1748 to 1760, at Berwick-upon-Tweed, 1760 
 to 1763 ; minister of the Church of the New Grey-Friars, 
 1763-76; colleague-minister in the old church 1776- 
 90 ; Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church 
 of Scotland, 1774. As an author he is most favourably 
 known by a History of Great Britain, pub. in 6 vols. 4to: 
 vol. i., 1771; ii., 1774 ; Hi., 1777; iv., 1781 ; v., 1785 ; vi., 
 posth., edited by Laing, with the Life of Henry prefixed, 
 1793. The history embraces the period from the first in 
 vasion of the Romans under Julius Caesar to the death of 
 Henry VIII. A French trans, was pub. in 1789-96, by 
 MM. Rowland and Cantwell. A Continuation, by James 
 Petit Andrews, from the death of Henry VIII. to the Ac 
 cession of James L, was pub. in 1794, 4to ; 1796, 2 vols. 
 8vo; 3d ed., 1806, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed. of Henry's Hist, 
 1788, 10 vols. 8vo: 3d ed., 1796, 10 vols. 8vo; 1800, 12 
 vols. 8vo; 4th and best ed., with a general index, 1805, 
 12 vols, 8vo; 5th ed., 1814, 12 vols. 8vo; 6th ed., 1823, 
 12 vols. 8vo; an indifferent ed. 
 
 We have already noticed the plan of Henry's History, 
 the Continuation of Andrews, and the excellent History 
 of England upon Henry's plan, somewhat modified, pub. 
 by Charles Knight, in our life of J. Petit Andrews. Dr. 
 Henry divides his work into periods, and treats of each 
 in seven distinct points of view, viz. : Chap. I. Civil and 
 Military History. II. History of Religion. III. History 
 of the Constitution, Government, Laws, and Courts of Jus 
 tice. IV. History of Learning, of Learned Men, and of 
 the chief Seminaries of Learning. V. History of Arts. 
 VI. History of Commerce, Shipping, Money, <fcc. VII. 
 History of Manners, Customs, <tc. 
 
 To this great work Henry devoted the anxious labour 
 of nearly thirty years; and he has certainly accumulated 
 a vast store of useful information. But to write philoso 
 phically and entertainingly upon so many heterogeneous 
 subjects exceeds man's might. Even when the scope is 
 far less ambitious, the charm of style possessed by a Hume, 
 a Robertson, a Macaulay, a Prescott, or a Bancroft, can 
 alone interest the desultory reader in historical details. 
 For all practical purposes, Henry's history has been su 
 perseded by the noble work pub. by Charles Knight, Lon., 
 11 vols. r. 8vo, (with Index vol.,) 1849-50, which we have 
 already particularly described in our life of J. Petit An 
 drews. But Henry's history (with Andrew's Continuation, 
 14 vols. 8vo, 1805-06) is well worth the trifling sum of 35 
 to 40 shillings demanded by the booksellers. 
 
 'Too much cannot be said of its arrangement, nor for the great 
 store of valuable materials which it contains, which took the au 
 thor thirty years in collecting from every book on record that 
 related to the History of Great Britain, many of which few ever 
 saw, and fewer would take the trouble to investigate." Lon. Re 
 trospective Review. 
 
 4i A work of no inconsiderable reputation, notwithstanding the 
 nefarious malignity with which Gilbert Stuart endeavoured to 
 blast the fruit of the author's labours, ruin him in his fortune, 
 and break his heart." Lon. Quar. Rev, 
 
 "Considerable merit in the execution and complete originality 
 in the plan of his history." Lord Cockburn's Memorials of his Time. 
 
 "The work of Dr. Henry is an ornament and an honour to his 
 country." Dibdin's Bibliomania. 
 
 " But it is of HENRY'S History that I would speak in the warmest 
 language of approbation." Dibdin's Lib. Comp. 
 
 "The history is compiled with great erudition and fidelity, and 
 the plan has been highly extolled; but his style is not attractive, 
 nor has the capricious taste of the public rescued the work from 
 neglect." CHANCELLOR KENT. 
 
 " Much of this sort of information, [respecting the early consti 
 tutional history of England,] and of every other historical informa 
 tion, may be found in the History of Dr. Henry; but the same 
 facts, when collected and printed in a modern dress, properly ar 
 ranged, and to be read without difficulty, as they are in the work 
 of Dr. Henry, no longer excite the same reflection nor obtain the 
 same possession of the memory which they do when seen in some 
 thing like their native garb, in their proper place, and in all the 
 simplicity, singularity, and quaintness which belong to them." 
 Prof. Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist. 
 
 So much as regards the collocation of records and em 
 bodiment of facts ; but when the cumulative labours of 
 the clerk should be succeeded by the analytical specula 
 tions of the philosopher, we have the opinion of an emi 
 nent authority of our own day, that Dr. Henry and 
 especially in the department referred to by Professor 
 Smyth sadly fails : 
 
HEN 
 
 HEN 
 
 " Those parts of Henry's history which profess to trace the pro 
 gress of government are still more jejune than the rest of his 
 volumes." Pref. to HaUam's View of Europe during the Middle 
 Ages. 
 
 The base conspiracy of Gilbert Stuart "to blast the 
 fruit of Henry's labours, ruin him in his fortune, and 
 break his heart," referred to by the Quarterly reviewer, in 
 a preceding quotation, has been treated of at great length 
 by Disraeli in his Calamities of Authors ; and to that work 
 we must send the reader for this sad story of fiendish ma 
 lignity and petty spite. Stuart commenced his attack on 
 Henry by a severe critique in his Edinburgh Magazine 
 and Review, (established by him in 1773,) on a sermon of 
 the latter preached before the Society for Promoting Chris 
 tian Knowledge, in 1773. As respects the History, Stuart 
 remarks in one of his letters, dated Dec. 13, 1773 : 
 
 "David Hume wants to review Henry; but that task is so pre 
 cious that I will undertake it myself. Moses, were he to ask it as 
 a favour, should not have it; yea, not even the man after God's 
 own heart." 
 
 The profanity of this language is a fair index to the 
 character of the man and the impartiality of the prospect 
 ive reviewer. In the London Monthly Review for Janu 
 ary, 1774, appeared a review of Henry's History, and 
 respecting this article Stuart remarks : 
 
 " To the former (the Monthly Review) I suppose David Hume 
 has transcribed the criticism he intended for us. It is precious, 
 and would divert you. I keep a proof of it in my cabinet for the 
 amusement of friends. This great philosopher begins to dote." 
 4th March, 1774. 
 
 To this letter Disraeli appends the following note : 
 "The critique on Henry in the Monthly Review was written 
 by Hume ; and, because the philosopher was candid, he is here 
 said to have doted." Calamities of Authors. 
 
 But we agree, with Chambers and Thomson's Diet, of 
 Eminent Scotsmen, (see vol. iii. 31, ed. 1855,) that this 
 was not the review which Hume penned. The article 
 referred to by Stuart and Disraeli is now before us ; and 
 Hume would not have been likely to have remarked that 
 " It is not every one who can rise to the ingenuity, the dignity, 
 and the elegance, of a Hume and a Robertson." 
 
 The verdict of this reviewer whoever he may be and 
 that of Stuart are indeed sufficiently unlike: the former 
 admits that 
 
 " Whatever farther defects might be pointed out in the present 
 performance, it must be acknowledged that, upon the whole, it 
 possesses considerable merit. The author, indeed, is not distin 
 guished by elevation of genius, by philosophical penetration, or 
 by a capacity of rising to the highest species of historical compo 
 sition ; but he possesses a great share of good sense, and his dili 
 gence and labour must have been uncommonly great. He refers 
 always to his authorities. His style, if not elegant or remarkably 
 nervous, is clear, and for the most part, though not universally, 
 correct. As a collection of facts and materials. Dr. Henry's History 
 of Great Britain cannot but be peculiarly useful. It is a work 
 which every gentleman would wish to place in his library, that 
 he may be able to consult it on proper occasions." ion. Month. 
 
 But the implacable Stuart will allow Henry no merits 
 whatever : 
 
 " He neither furnishes entertainment nor instruction. Diffuse, 
 vulgar, and ungrammatical, he strips history of all her ornaments. 
 As an antiquary, he wants accuracy and knowledge; and, as an 
 historian, he is destitute of fire, taste, and sentiment. His work 
 is a gazette, in which we find actions and events without their 
 causes, and in which we meet with the names, without the cha 
 racters. of personages. He has amassed all the refuse and lumber 
 of the times he would record ---- The mind of his reader is affected 
 with no agreeable emotions ; it is awakened only to disgust and 
 fatigue." Editi. Rev. and Mag., i. 266-270. 
 
 But in what striking contrast to this appears the candid 
 judgment of one who had also, to some extent, gone over 
 the same ground, and knew the difficulties of the path ! 
 
 " His historical narratives are as full as those remote times seem 
 to demand, and, at the same time, his inquiries of the antiquarian 
 kind omit nothing which can be an object of doubt or curiosity. 
 The one as well as the other is delineated with great perspicuity, 
 and no less propriety, which are the true ornaments of this kind 
 of writing ; all superfluous embellishments are avoided ; and the 
 reader will hardly find in our language any performance that 
 unites together so perfectly the two great points of entertainment 
 and instruction." DAVID HOME : see Chambers and Thomson's 
 Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, ed. 1855, iii. 31. 
 
 We have already hinted that Henry would have suc 
 ceeded better had he attempted less; and in this connexion 
 the following remarks are not out of place : 
 
 "DR. JOHNSON. ' I have heard Henry's History of Great Britain 
 well spoken of. I am told it is carried on in separate divisions, 
 as the civil the military, the religious history. I wish much to 
 have one branch well done, and that is the history of the man 
 ners of common life.' 
 
 "DR. ROBERTSON.' Henry should have applied his attention to 
 that alone, which is enough for any man; and he might have 
 found a great deal scattered in various books had be read solely 
 with that view. Henry erred in not selling his first volume at a 
 moderate price to the booksellers, that they might have pushed 
 him on till he had got reputation. I sold my History of Scotland 
 at a moderate price, as a work by which the booksellers might 
 
 either gain or not ; and Cadell has told me that Millar and he 
 have got six thousand pounds by it. I afterwards received a 
 much higher price for my writings. An author should sell his 
 first work for what the booksellers will give, till it shall appear 
 whether he is an author of merit, or, which is the same thing as 
 to purchase-money, an author who pleases the public." BoswdVs 
 Life of Dr. Johnson. 
 
 Henry pub. his vols. at his own risk, and no doubt 
 would have profited more by them had he enjoyed the 
 advantage of fair play; nevertheless, he cleared 3300 by 
 his work, including the 1000 paid him by Cadell in 1786, 
 and he was complimented by a pension of 100; and 
 this was no contemptible sum in those times, even for 
 thirty years of literary toil. In our own days, indeed, 
 some eminent historians receive much more money for 
 much less labour; but Robert Henry, with all his merits, 
 (and these were neither few nor inconsiderable,) was, as we 
 have already hinted, neither a Macaulay nor a Hallam, a 
 Prescott nor a Bancroft. 
 
 Henry, Rev. Robert, LL.D., 1792-1856, a native of 
 Charleston, S.C., Pres. of the College of S. Carolina, 1834- 
 35, and 1840-43, filled in succession, in that institution, 
 the Chairs of Logic and Moral Philosophy, of Metaphy 
 sics, Moral and Political Philosophy, Metaphysics and 
 Belles-Lettres, and of the Greek Language and Litera 
 ture. The last-named professorship is now (1856) held 
 by Dr. Henry. He has pub. several serms., Eulogies on 
 Prof. Smith, President Maxcy, and John C. Calhoun, and 
 contributed several papers to the Southern Review. 
 
 Henry, Thomas, apothecary of Manchester, pub. a 
 number of medical, chemical, and other works, 1773-83. 
 
 Henry, Thomas Charlton, D.D., 1790-1827, eldest 
 son of Alexander Henry, of Philadelphia, (for many 
 years President of the American Sunday-School Union,) 
 graduated, in 1814, at Middlebury College, and, after a 
 course of theological study at Princeton, was ordained to 
 the ministry in 1816. In 1818 he became pastor of the 
 Presbyterian Church in Columbia, S.C., where he laboured 
 with great zeal and success for a period of five years. In 
 Jan. 1824 he accepted a call to the Second Presbyterian 
 Church of Charleston, S.C., and carried into this new 
 field that spirit of earnest devotion which had marked his 
 course from his first entrance into the ministry. In 1826 
 he was obliged by the failure of his health to seek the 
 benefit of a foreign climate; and he accordingly spent six 
 months in France and Great Britain, eliciting " golden 
 opinions" on every side by his extensive scholarship, 
 refined taste, and fervent piety. On the 1st of October, 
 1827, he was attacked by the yellow fever, then prevalent 
 in Charleston, and died after an illness of four days. 
 
 Dr. Henry was the author of three valuable works, 
 v?z. : 1. An Inquiry into the Consistency of Popular 
 Amusements with a Profession of Christianity, Charleston, 
 1825. 2. Moral Etchings from the Religious World, 1828, 
 8vo. 3. Letters to an Anxious Inquirer; designed to 
 relieve the difficulties of a Friend under Serious Impres 
 sions, 1828, 12mo. Pub. in Lon., 1829, 12mo; with a 
 Memoir of the Author by Rev. Thos. Lewis, and a Pre 
 face by John Pye Smith, D.D. This excellent work hag 
 passed through many eds. in England and America, and 
 is undoubtedly one of the very best treatises that can be 
 placed in the hands of an "anxious inquirer." We quote 
 a brief extract from a highly eulogistic review by an 
 eminent authority : 
 
 " In the present age there has no work appeared, perhaps, of 
 greater interest upon the subject of experimental religion, than 
 the Letters which we now take leave to introduce to the attention 
 of our readers. They are the production of a master-mind, deeply 
 read in the Scriptures, in the knowledge of the human heart, and 
 in the phenomena of Christian experience. ... Dr. Smith's pre 
 face must tend to secure the attention of the public to a work 
 which must very soon speak for itself in every Christian circle 
 throughout the land." Lon. Evangelical May., April, 1829. 
 
 Another authority remarks of this work: 
 
 " It will be found a treasure to the Anxious Inquirer; and we 
 hope many of our more advanced readers who watch over the first 
 impressions of their younger friends will avail themselves of the 
 powerful aid of this admirable treatise." Lon. Evangelical JKe- 
 gister. 
 
 " A valuable work." Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 Henry, Capt. W. S. Campaign Sketches of the 
 War with Mexico, N. York, 12mo. 
 
 Henry, Walter, Surgeon R. A. Events of a Mili 
 tary Life in the Peninsula, Ac. ; 2d ed., 1843, 2 vols. cr. 8vo. 
 
 " A perusal so amused us that we must invite our readers to a 
 participation in the ' feast of reason.' " Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 "The storming of Badajoz has been frequently described by 
 those present at that tremendous conflict; but we do not remem 
 ber having heard any thing of it so powerfully affecting as Mr. 
 j Henry's account." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 Henry, Win., D.D., Rector of Urney, and Dean of 
 I Killaloe. Serms., &c., 1749-62. 
 
HEN 
 
 Henry, Wm., of Lancaster, Pa. Descrip. of a Self- ' 
 moving or Sentinel Register; Trans. Amer. Soc., i. 350. 
 
 Henry, Wm., M.D., 1775-1836, a son of Thomas 
 Henry, of Manchester, (ante.) 1. General View of Che 
 mistry, Lon., 1799, 12mo. 2. Epitome of Chemistry, 1800, 
 12mo; Edin., 1806, 8vo; 6th ed., entitled Elements of Ex 
 perimental Chemistry, Lon., 1810, 2 vols. 8vo; 1815, 2vols. , 
 8vo. 3. Dissert. Cheinico-Medica, &c., Ediu., 1807, 8vo. 
 Dr. Henry pub. many profess, papers in Phil. Trans., Nic. [ 
 Jour., Medico-Chirurg. Trans., and Thorn. Ann. Philos., j 
 1797-1813, and wrote sketches of Priestley, Davy, and 
 Wollaston, which have been greatly admired. 
 
 Henryson, Edward. 1. Com. in Tit. x. lib. secundi 
 Institutionum, Par., 1556, 8vo. 2. Pro Eguinardo Barone 
 adversus Goveanum do Jurisdiction, libri duo, Par., 1655, 
 8vo. 
 
 Henryson, Edward, LL.D. The Actis and Con- 
 stitutiouns of the Realme of Scotland, Edin., 1566, fol. 
 
 Henryson, or Henderson, Robert, a poet of the 
 15th century, chief-schoolmaster of Dunfermline, Scot 
 land. 1. The Traitie of Orpheus Kyng, Edin., 1508. 
 Printed by Chapman and Millar. 2. The Testament of 
 Cressid, Edin., 1593, 4to. This poem is a sequel to 
 Chaucer's Troilus and Creseide, and is printed in some 
 eds. of that poet's works. 3. Fabils, 1621; thirteen in 
 number. Printed by Andrew Hart. There were several 
 earlier eds. Reprinted for the Bannatyne Club in 1832. 
 One of the best of the fables is the Vpoulands Mouse 
 and the Burgesse Mouse. But the most beautiful of all 
 his productions is Robene and Makyne, alleged to be the 
 earliest specimen of pastoral poetry in the Scottish lan 
 guage. This poem, with the Testament of Cressid, was 
 printed (sixty-five copies) for the Bannatyne Club, by 
 George Chalmers, in 1824, 4to, 3 13s. 6rf. Specimens 
 of Henryson's poetry will be found in the collections of 
 Hailes, Pinkerton, Ramsay, Sibbald, Irving, and Ellis. 
 
 " The various works of Henryson afford so excellent a specimen 
 of the Scottish language and versification, that a complete col 
 lection, printed with due accuracy and accompanied with proper 
 illustrations, could not fail to be highly acceptable to the lovers 
 of our early literature." DR. DAVID IRVING: see his Lives of the 
 Scottish Poets, and his article on Henryson in the Encyc. Brit, 
 and references there subjoined. 
 
 Henshall, Samuel, d. 1807, Rector of St. Mary, 
 Stratford-Bow, Essex. 1. Specimens and Parts : Hist, of 
 KeUt, Ac., L6n., 1793, '98, 4to. 2. Saxon and English 
 Languages, 1798, 4to. 3. Domesday-Book; trans., with 
 Introduc. Notes and Illust. of S. Henshall and John Wil 
 kinson, 1799, 4to. To this should be added the recently- 
 made Index. 
 
 " This most ancient record in the kingdom is the register from 
 which judgment was to be given upon the value, tenure, and 
 services of the lands therein described, and was made from the 
 survey ordered by William the Conqueror. 'IT is STYLED BY 
 
 HUME THE MOST VALUABLE PIECE OF ANTIQUITY POSSESSED BY ANY 
 NATION.' " 
 
 Respecting Domesday-Book, see Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 
 271-273, and works there referred to. 4. Serm., 1805. 5. 
 Etymological Organic Reasoner, <Sbc., 1807, No. 1. 
 
 ilenshaw, David, 1790-1852, a native of Leicester, 
 Mass. ; Collector of the Port of Boston, 1830-38 ; nomi 
 nated Secretary of the Navy by President Tyler in 1843, 
 but not confirmed by the Senate. He was a frequent con 
 tributor to the columns of the Boston Post, and to other 
 periodicals. , 
 
 Henshaw, J. Sidney, changed from J. Henshaw 
 Belcher, by the Penn. Legislature, in 1845, b. Bos 
 ton, 1814, descended from the Colonial Governor, Jona 
 than Belcher. 1. Philosophy of Human Progress, 1835. 
 
 2. Incitements to Moral and Intellectual Well-doing, 1836. 
 
 3. Round the World, 1840, 2 vols.; 2d ed., 1846. 4. Life 
 of Father Mathew, 1847, 18mo. 5. U.S. Manual for Con 
 suls, 1849, 18mo, <fcc. 
 
 Henshaw, John Prentis Kewley, D.D., d. 1852, 
 a native of Middletown, Conn., for many years Rector of 
 St. Peter's Church, Baltimore, was consecrated Bishop of 
 Rhode Island in 1843. 1. On Confirmation, Bait. 2. Se 
 lection of Hymns. 3. Lects. on the Advent. 4. Theology 
 for the People of Baltimore, 1840, 8vo. 
 
 " Sound and practical." Bicker steWs C. S. 
 
 See a review of the Life and Character of Bishop Hen 
 shaw, in N. York Church Review, v. 397. 
 
 Henshaw, Joseph, D.D., d. 1678, Preb. of Peterbo 
 rough, Dean of Chichester, 1660; Bishop of Peterborough, 
 1663. 1. Horae Succissivao, Lon., 1631, 8vo; 2d and 3d 
 eds., same year; 5th ed., 1640, 12mo; 7th ed., 1661, 12mo. 
 New ed., by Wm. Turnbull, 1839, 18mo. 2. Dayly Thoughts; 
 3d ed., 1651, 8vo. New ed., with a third part by Bishop 
 Kidder, 1841, 18mo. 
 
 HER 
 
 Henshaw, Nathaniel, M.D. Aero-Chalinos ; or, A 
 Register for the Air, Dubl., 1644; Lon., 1677, 12mo. 
 Henshaw, Thomas. May-Dew ; Phil. Trans., 1665. 
 Heushon, Gravenor. The Civil, Political, and 
 Mechanical Hist, of the Framework Knitters in Europe 
 and America, Notting., 1831, 8vo; all pub. 
 
 "This, though in several respects a shallow and prejudiced, is, 
 on the whole, a curious and interesting, work ; and it is to be re 
 gretted that it was not finished." Mcddloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ. 
 Henslow, Rev. John Stevens, M.A., Prof, of Bo 
 tany in the Univ. of Cambridge. 1. Principles of Descrip. 
 and Physiog. Botany, Lon., 1835, fp. 8vo ; 1841, fp. 8vo. 
 2. Letters to the Farmers of Suffolk, 1843, 8vo. 3. Books 
 of Moses, adapted to Young Persons, 1848, 12mo. 4. 
 Papers in Ann. of Philos., Trans. Brit. Assoc, <fec. See a 
 biographical sketch of Prof. H. in Knight's Eng. Cyc., 
 Biog., vol. vi., Supp. 
 
 Henslowe, William Henry, Curate of West Til 
 bury, Essex. 1. Eight Serms., Lon., 1836, Svo. 2. Pho- 
 narthron ; or, Sounds of Speech, 1841, r. Svo. 
 
 Hentz, Mrs. Caroline Lee, d. Feb. 11, 1856, at 
 Marianna, Florida, was a native of Lancaster, Mass., a 
 daughter of General John Whiting, and a sister of Gene 
 ral Henry Whiting, U.S. Army. In 1825 Miss Whiting 
 was married to Professor N. M. Hentz. Mrs. Hentz was a 
 voluminous contributor, both of prose and poetry, to the 
 periodicals of the day; and many of her tales have been 
 collected into volumes, which proved so popular that 93,000 
 were sold in America in the course of three years. In 
 addition to the works included in the following list, she 
 has written De Lara, or the Moorish Bride, a Tragedy, 
 which gained a prize of $500, (pub. in book form;) La- 
 morah, or The Western Wild, a Tragedy, (pub. in a news 
 paper at Columbus, Georgia ;) Constance of Werdenberg, 
 a Tragedy, (unpub.;) Human and Divine Philosophy, a 
 poem; and other poetical pieces. 1. Aunt Patty's Scrap 
 Bag, 1846. 2. The Mob Cap, and other Tales, 1848. 3. 
 Linda; or, the Young Pilot of the Belle Creole, 1850. 4. 
 Rena; or, the Snow Bird, 1851. 5. Marcus Warland; or, 
 the Long Moss Spring, 1852. 6. Eoline; or, Magnolia Vale, 
 1852. 7. Wild Jack ; or, The Stolen Child, 1853. 8. Helen 
 and Arthur; or, Miss Thusa's Spinning Wheel, 1853. 9. 
 Ugly Effie; or, The Neglected One and the Beauty, 1853. 
 10. The Planter's Northern Bride, 1854. 11. Love after 
 Marriage; and other Stories. 12. The Banished Son ; and 
 other Stories. 13. The Victim of Excitement; the Parlour 
 Serpent ; and other Novelettes. 14. The Flowers of Elo 
 cution ; a Class-Book, 1855. 15. Robert Graham. ; a sequel 
 to Linda, 1856. 16. Ernest Linwood, 1856. An interest 
 ing sketch of Mrs. Hentz, by Madame Octavia Walton Le 
 Vert, of Mobile, will be found in Professor Hart's Female 
 Prose Writers of America. 
 
 Henville, Philip. Serms., &a., Lon., 1799, 1800. 
 Hepburn, George. Tarrugo Unmasked; or, An 
 Answer to Apollo Mathematicus, Edin., 1698, 4to. 
 
 Hepburn, George Buchan. General View of the 
 Agricult, Ac. of Mid-Lothian, Lon., 1794, 4to. 
 
 " Always reckoned one of the best of the many county views that 
 were received by the Board of Agriculture." Donaldson's Ag. Biog. 
 Hepburn, James Bonaventura, 1573-1620? a 
 native of Hamstocks, Haddingtonshire, Scotland, was ce 
 lebrated for his knowledge of tongues. It is declared that 
 he was acquainted with seventy-two languages ! He pub. 
 a Hebrew and Chaldaic Dictionary, and an Arabic Gram 
 mar, Rome, 1591, 4to, and left some MS. trans, from the 
 Hebrew. See Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of 
 Eminent Scotsmen, and authorities there quoted. 
 
 Hepburn, John. The American Defence of The 
 Christian Golden Rule, 1715, Svo. 
 
 Hepburn, Robert, a native of Scotland, b. 1690. 
 1. Demonstratio quod Deus sit, Edin., 1714, 8vo. 2. Dis 
 sert, de Scriptis Pitcarnianis, 1715, Svo. In 1711 he began 
 the publication of a periodical paper, of which 30 Nos. 
 were pub., entitled The Tatler, by Donald Macstaff of the 
 North. Lord Hailes styles Hepburn 
 
 "Ingenii precocis et prrefervidi." See Tytler's Life of Lord 
 Kames. 
 
 Hepwith, John. The Caledonian Forest, Lon., 1641, 
 4to. A poetical tract of 14 leaves on some political cha 
 racters of the day. 
 
 Herapath, Edwin John Moore, b. 1822, a bar 
 rister, a son of John Herapath, is the editor of a work on 
 Railway Law, and of Herapath's Journal. 
 
 Herapath, John, b. in Bristol, England, 1793, ia 
 author of a very valuable work on Mathematical Physics, 
 Lon., 1847, 2 vols. 8vo, still (1856) in progress of publi 
 cation ; and of various treatises on physics and mathema 
 tics, experiments on Four and Six Wheel Locomotives, Ac. ; 
 
HER 
 
 HER 
 
 also editor of the Railway Magazine, and of Herapath's I 
 Railway Journal from 1838 to the present time. 
 
 Herapath, Thornton John, b. in Bristol, England, 
 1830, a son of William Herapath Thornton, is author of I 
 numerous memoirs on chemical subjects. 
 
 Herapath, William, b. in Bristol, England, 1796, 
 an eminent chemist and toxicologist, is author of several 
 memoirs and reports on chemical subjects. 
 
 Herapath, William Bird, M.D., b. in Bristol, Eng 
 land, a son of William Herapath, is author of several me 
 moirs on medical subjects. 
 
 Herard, Moses. His Pleadings in the Duke of Ma- 
 zarin's Case, Lon., 1699, 8vo. 
 
 Heraud,J.A. 1. Stamp Tables, Lon., 1798, 4to. 2. 
 Stamp Laws, 1801, 8vo. Supp., 1801, 8vo. 3. Stamp Laws 
 and Duties, 1824, 8vo. 
 
 Hera ud, John Abraham. 1. Descent into Hell; 
 and other Poems, Lon., 12mo. 2. Judgment of the Flood ; 
 a Poem, imp. 8vo. 3. Legend of St. Loy ; and other Poems, 
 8vo. 4. Voyages up the Mediterranean and other Seas, 
 p. 8vo. See Church of Eng. Quar. Rev. ; Lon. Naval and 
 Military Gazette. 5. Salavera: a Tragedy. 6. The Two 
 Brothers. 7. Videna; a Tragedy, 8vo. See Powell's Liv 
 ing Authors of England, N.York, 1849; Dr. Shelton Mac 
 kenzie's ed. of Noctes Ambrosianae, 1855, iii. 459, 
 
 Herbert, Mr. The Spanish Outlaw; a Nov., 1807, 4 
 vols. 
 
 Herbert, Hon. Algernon, 1792-1855, sixth and 
 youngest son of Henry, Earl of Carnarvon, and Elizabeth 
 Alicia Maria, daughter of Charles, Eurl of Egremont, was 
 educated at Eton, at Christ Church, and at Exeter College, 
 and in 1815 became Fellow of Merton College, Oxford. In 
 1815 he was called to the Bar by the Hon. Society of the 
 Middle Temple. 1. Nimrod; a Discourse upon Certain 
 Passages of History and Fable, Part 1, 1826, 8vo, pp. 650. 
 Remodelled, 1828,2 vols. 8vo; vol. iii., 1828, 8vo; vol. iv., 
 Pt. 1, 1829 ; vol. iv. Pt 2, 1830. A work of great learn 
 ing. 2. Britannia after the Romans, 1836-41, 2 vols. 4to. 
 3. An Essay on the Neo-Druidic Heresy. 4. Nennius : the 
 Irish Version of the Historia Britonum, with an Intro 
 duction and Notes, 1848, 4to. For the Irish Archaeological 
 Society. 5. Cyclops Christianus : an Argument to disprove 
 the supposed Antiquity of Stonehenge, and other Mega- 
 lithic erections in England and Britanny, 1849, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Herbert was a man of extraordinary learning and very 
 acute understanding, and certainly the foremost writer in that 
 line of research in which he was engaged." Lon. Gent. Mag., Dec. 
 1855, where see a biographical sketch of this eminent scholar. 
 
 Herbert, Arthur, Earl of Torringdon. 1. A Plain 
 Relation of the Action at Sea, between his Fleet and 
 the French, from June 22 to July 5, Lon., 1690, 4to. 2. 
 An Impartial Account of some remarkable Passages in 
 his Life, 1691, 4to. 
 
 Herbert, Caroline. Human Life with variations; 
 or, The Chapter of Accidents, 1818, 12mo. 
 
 Herbert, Charles. The Introduc. to the Dutch 
 Jurisprudence of Hugo Grotius ; now first rendered into 
 English, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Herbert, Lord Edward, of Cherbury, in Shrop 
 shire, 1581-1648, the descendant of a very ancient family, 
 which even to the present time (1856) adorns the Republic 
 of Letters, was born at Montgomery Castle, in Wales, edu 
 cated at University College, London, and subsequently 
 distinguished himself as a soldier on the continent, an 
 ambassador in France, and an author abroad and at home. 
 1. De Veritate, prout distinguitur a Revelatione Veri- 
 simili, Possibili, et a Falso, Paris, 1624 ; Lon., 1633, 4to. 
 Cui operi additi sunt duo alii tractatus: primus de causis 
 errorum; alter de Religione Laici, Lou., 1645, 4to ; 1656, 
 12mo. 2. De Religione Gentilium; Errorumque apud eos 
 Causis, Amst, 1663, 4to; 1700, 8vo. In English, Lon., 
 1705, 8vo. In his De Veritate and De Religione Gentilium 
 " His lordship seems to have been one of the first that formed 
 Deism into a system, and asserted the sufficiency, universality, 
 and absolute perfection of natural religion, with a view to discard 
 all extraordinary revelation as useless and needless. He seems to 
 assume to himself the glory of having accomplished it with great 
 labour and a diligent inspection into all religions, and applauds 
 himself for it as happier than any Archimedes." Stand's Deist- 
 ical Writers. 
 
 " Lord Herbert of Cherbury, in his treatise De Veritate, and still 
 more in that De Religione Gentilium, has been justly deemed 
 inimical to every positive religion. He admits, indeed, the possi 
 bility of immediate revelation from heaven, but denies that any 
 tradition from others can have sufficient certainty, five funda 
 mental truths of natural religion he holds to be such as all man 
 kind are bound to acknowledge, and damns those heathens who 
 do not receive them as summarily as any theologian." Hallam's 
 Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 Yet it has been observed of De Veritate, that, although 
 written to disprove the truth of the Scriptures, it is 
 
 " A book so strongly ernbued with the light of revelation rela 
 tive to the moral virtues and a future life, that no man ignorant 
 of the Scriptures or of the knowledge derived from them could 
 have written it." Editor of 4th ed. of Lord Herbert's Life. 
 
 It is certainly not a little curious that his lordship 
 should have sought and, according to his own account, 
 have received a revelation from heaven to encourage the 
 publication of his work in disproof of Revelation ! He 
 " asked for a sign," and was answered he assures us by 
 "a loud, though yet gentle, noise from the heavens." 
 
 'There is no stronger characteristic of human nature than its 
 being open to the grossest contradictions. One of Lord Herbert's 
 chief arguments against revealed religion is the improbability that 
 heaven should reveal its will to only a portion of the earth, which 
 he terms particular religion. How could a man (supposing the 
 accident genuine) who doubted of partial, believe individual, reve 
 lation f What vanity, to think his Look of such importance to the 
 cause of truth, that it could extort a declaration of the Divine will, 
 when the interests of half mankind could not." HORACE WALPOLE : 
 R. and N. Authors. 
 
 Lord Herbert's arguments against Revelation have been 
 answered by Gassendi, Baxter, Locke, Leland, Halyburton, 
 Bishop Van Mildert, Kortholt, <fcc. The work of the last- 
 named is entitled De tribus Impostoribus magnis Liber, 
 Kiloni, 1680, Svo; Hamburg, 1701, 4to. 
 
 'In this treatise the principles of the three great deistical lead 
 ers, Herbert, Hobbes, and Spinosa. are thoroughly exposed; copious 
 quotations are given from their writings; and the authors are 
 exhibited iu their true light as wilful deceivers." BISHOP VAN 
 MILDERT. 
 
 But see Leland's Deistical Writers. 
 
 3. History of the Life and Reign of Henry VIII. of 
 England, Lon., 1649, '72, '82, fol. In Rennet's Collec., ii. 
 p. 1, 1706. Also reprinted by Horace Walpole, 1770, 4to. 
 An excellent work. 
 
 An eminent authority, after enumerating a number of 
 works upon this period, remarks : 
 
 "Above all, Edward, Lord Herbert, of Cherbury, may be truly 
 said to have written the life and reign of King Henry the Eighth ; 
 having acquitted himself with the like reputation as the Lord- 
 Chancellor Bacon gained by that of Henry the Seventh. For, in 
 the politic and martial part this honourable author has been ad 
 mirably particular and exact, from the best records that were 
 extant; though, as to the ecclesiastical, he seems to have looked 
 upon it as a thing out of his province, and an undertaking more 
 proper for men of another profession." BISHOP NICOLSON : Eng. 
 Hist. Lib. 
 
 " To this it may be added that he throws considerable light upon 
 our legal history. . . . The chief error in this production is, that 
 the noble historian is too favourably disposed towards his hero, 
 and treats with too lenient and palliating a hand the cruelties and 
 vices of that monarch. In other respects the Life of Henry VIII. 
 is a highly valuable work, and contains much information which 
 is not to be had elsewhere." Lon. Retrospec. Rev., vii. 329, 1823. 
 
 " His reign of Henry the Eighth is allowed to be a masterpiece 
 of historic biography." HORACE WALPOLE : Advert, to the Life of 
 Lord Herbert. 
 
 " Has ever been esteemed one of the best histories in the English 
 language; but there is not in it that perfect candour which one 
 would wish, or expect to see, in so celebrated a historian. He has 
 given us a much juster portrait of himself than he has of Henry. 
 He appears to have laid open every foible or defect in his own cha 
 racter, but has cast the. monstrous vices of that merciless tyrant 
 into shade, and has displayed to great advantage his gallantry, 
 magnificence, and generosity." Granger's Biog. Hist of Eng. 
 
 "A book of good authority, relatively at least to any that pre 
 ceded, and written in a manly and judicious spirit." Hallam's 
 Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 " Lord Herbert's Henry the 8th well deserves reading; he was 
 a free-thinker and a free writer, his information was good, and the 
 era particularly interesting." RICHARD FARMER, D.D. 
 
 4. Expeditio Buckinghami Ducis in Reaminsulam, anno 
 1630, ed. Timoth. Baldwin, 1656, 8vo. 5. Occasional 
 Verses, 1665, 8vo, pp. 104, pub. by his son, Henry Herbert, 
 and dedicated to Edward, Lord Herbert, his (the author's) 
 grandson. An extremely rare vol. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 
 376, 15. Sotheby's, in 1825, 5 5*. Bindley, Pt. 2, 658, 
 6 18s. 
 
 " His lordship's scarce volume of Occasional Poems consists 
 chiefly of metaphysical love-verses ; ingenious, but unnatural ; 
 platonic in sentiment, but frequently gross in expression ; and 
 marked by an eccentricity which pervaded the life and character 
 of Lord Herbert. Two short effusions, however, may not be un 
 acceptable." Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors. 
 
 The critic quotes To A Young Pale Beauty, and To His 
 Watch, When He Could Not Sleep. 
 
 " Like his brother, George Herbert, whose poems we noticed in 
 a former volume, Lord Herbert is often both rugged and obscure 
 in his verses. The sword was much better suited to his hand 
 than the lyre ; and we shall not, therefore, at present, favour the 
 reader with any specimens of his verses." Lon. Retrospective Rev., 
 vii. 330, 1823. 
 
 " Others of his poems are dispersed among the works of other 
 authors, particularly in Joshua Sylvester's Lachrymse Lachryma- 
 rum; or, The Spirit of Tears distilled for the untimely Death of 
 Prince Henry, London, 1613, 4to." HORACE WALPOLE: R. and N. 
 Authors. And see Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., iii. 242. 
 
 6. The British Princes; an Heroic Poem, 1669, 8vo. 
 
 7. A Dialogue between a Tutor and his Pupil, 1768, 4to. 
 
 8. Life of Lord Herbert, written by himself. Printed by 
 
HER 
 
 HER 
 
 Horace Walpole, Strawberry Hill, 1764, 4to. 200 copies 
 printed, Lon., 1770, '78, '92, 4to. With a prefatory notice 
 ascribed to Sir Walter Scott, 1809, 8vo. New ed., 1826, 
 8vo. Respecting eds., see Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., 
 iii. 242 ; Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 912-913 ; Retrosp. Rev., 
 vii. 331, 1823 ; Horace Walpole's preface to Lord Herbert's 
 Life j Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors, iii. 19-22. Cole 
 styles his lordship's autobiography 
 
 " A most romantic life He seems to be the vainest of all 
 
 mortals, as also the most of a Quixote, a character one would not 
 expect in the author of De Veritate." See Bliss's Wood's Athen. 
 Oxon., iii. 242. 
 
 " The most extraordinary account that was ever given by a wise 
 man of himself. Few have figured so conspicuously, in lights so 
 various, as the famous Lord Herbert of Cberbury. As a soldier 
 his valour made him a hero, and won for him the esteem of the 
 great captains of the age, Montgomery and the Prince of Orange; 
 as a knight, bis chivalry was drawn from the purest founts of the 
 Fairy Queen. ... As a public minister, he supported the dignity 
 of his country, even when its Prince disgraced it. ... These busy 
 scenes were mingled with, and terminated by, meditation and 
 philosophic enquiries. Strip each period of its excesses and errors, 
 and it will not be easy to trace out or dispose the life of a man of 
 quality into a succession of employments which would better be 
 come him. Valour and military activity in youth; business of 
 state in the middle age ; contemplation and labours for the infor 
 mation of posterity in the calmer scenes of a closing life: this 
 was Lord Herbert." HOKACE WALPOLE : Preface to Lord Herbert's 
 Life. 
 
 " He was a person well studied in the arts and languages, a good 
 philosopher and historian, and understood men as well as books, 
 as it evidently appears in his writings." WOOD: Athen. Oxon., 
 Miss's ed., 1817, iii. 239. 
 
 " Lord Herbert stands in the first rank of the public ministers, 
 historians, and philosophers of his age. It is hard to say whether 
 his person, his understanding, or his courage, was the most ex 
 traordinary ; as the fair, the learned, and the brave, held him in 
 equal admiration. But the same man was wise and capricious; 
 redressed wrongs and quarrelled for punctilios ; hated bigotry in 
 religion, and was himself a bigot to philosophy. He exposed him 
 self to such dangers as other men of courage would have carefully 
 declined ; and called in question the fundamentals of religion 
 which none had the hardiness to dispute beside himself." 
 GRANGER : Biog. Hist, of Eng., 5th ed., 1824, ii. 319. 
 
 Herbert, Sir Edward, Lord Chief- Justice of Eng 
 land. An Account of the Authorities in Law upon which 
 Judgment was given in Sir Edward Kale's Case, Lon., 
 1688, 4to. See Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib., ed. 
 1776, 159; Sir J. Mackintosh's Works, ii. 64, 70, 76, 87. 
 
 Herbert, Evan. Serm., Lon., 1822, 8vo. 
 
 Herbert, George, 1593-1632, a descendant of the 
 Earls of Pembroke, and a younger brother of Lord Her 
 bert of Cherbury, was also born at Montgomery Castle, 
 in Wales ; was educated at Westminster School, and there 
 elected to Trinity College, Cambridge, of which he was 
 elected Fellow , University Orator, 1619 ; took holy orders, 
 and was made Prebendary of Layton Ecclesia, in the dio 
 cese of Lincoln, by Archbishop Williams ; and in 1630 was 
 presented by King Charles I. to the living of Bemerton. 
 For the details of the biography of this eminent character 
 we must refer the reader to the charming narrative of 
 Izaak Walton. As a divine, he was distinguished for fer 
 vent piety and exemplary zeal in the propagation of truth ; 
 as an author, he justly ranks, both in prose and poetry, 
 among the best writers in the language. 1. Oratio qua 
 Auspicatissimum Sereniss. Princ. Caroli reditum ex His- 
 paniis celebravit G. H. Acad. Cantab. Orator, Cantab., 1623, 
 4to. 2. A Trans, of Cornaro on Temperance. 3. The 
 Temple j Sacred Poems and Private Ejaculations, 1633, 
 12mo, pp. 204. Within a few years after the first impres 
 sion, 20,000 copies of this work were sold. 4. Jacula Pru- 
 dentutn; or, Outlandish Proverbs, Sentences, Ac., 1640; 
 2d ed., enlarged, Lon., 1651, 12mo. 5. A Priest to the 
 Temple; or, The Country Parson, his Character and Rule 
 of Holy Life, 1652, 12mo. Many eds. 6. Remains, 1652, 
 12ino. 7. Poemata varii Argumenti, 1678, 12mo. Pub. 
 by W. Dillingham. 8. Life, by Izaak Walton, with his 
 Letters, and others to his Mother, written by Dr. Donne, 
 1670, 12mo. Walton's Life of Herbert is prefixed to some 
 eds. of The Temple, and to his Works. There have been 
 many modern eds. of The Temple, The Country Parson, 
 Ac. We notice 1. The Country Parson, 1840, '48, 32mo. 
 2. The Temple, and The Country Parson, 1847, r. 32mo ; 
 1848, r. 32mo. 3. The Temple, 1850, sm. 8vo j 1853, 18mo. 
 4. The Temple, and Sacred Poems, 1854, 18mo. 5. Re 
 mains, 1848, 12mo. 6. Poems, 1840, 32mo; 1844, fp. 8vo; 
 1853, 32mo. 7. Poetical Works, with Life, Critical Disser 
 tations, and Explanatory Notes, 1853, 8vo. By George 
 Gilfillan, (Library of the British Poets.) 8. Poetical 
 Works, 1855, 8vo. 9. Complete Works, 1854, 12rao. 
 10. Works in Prose and Verse, with Life by Izaak Wal 
 ton, and Notes by S. T. Coleridge, 1846, 2 vols. 8vo ; and 
 in 2 vols. 12mo. 11. Works in Prose and Verse, with Re 
 
 marks on his Writings and Sketch of his Life, by William 
 Jordan, 1853, sm. 8vo. 12. Works in Prose and Verse, 
 edited by the Rev. Robert Aris Willmott, Incumbent of 
 Bear Wood, 1854, fp. 
 
 " I am not aware that any Edition of Herbert's Poetry or Prose 
 has hitherto appeared with Notes or Illustrations. The present 
 attempt to supply that want may, therefore, be received with some 
 forbearance and favour." Wdlritott's Preface. And see Willmott's 
 Lives of the Sacred English Poets. 
 
 But Mr. Wilmott had certainly forgotten Mr. Pickering's 
 ed., with Notes by S. T. Coleridge, 1846, 2 vols. Mr. Gil- 
 fillan's annotated ed. appeared in 1853. See Nos. 7 and 
 10, above. 13. Poems, illustrated by Birket Foster, Noel 
 Humphreys, and John Clayton, 1856, cr. 8vo. The effect 
 of the publication of The Temple, in a day of abounding 
 literary licentiousness, was most decided and most salutary. 
 Henry Vaugban, in his warm acknowledgments to the 
 author, doubtless expressed the feelings of many: 
 
 " The first that, with any effectual success, attempted a diver 
 sion of this foul and overflowing stream, was the blessed man, 
 Mr. George Herbert, whose holy life and verse gained many pious 
 converts, of whom I am the least, and gave the first check to a 
 most flourishing and admired Wit of his time." Preface, to Silex 
 Scintillans; or, Sacred Poems and Priuate Ejaculations, 1650. 
 
 The eulogy of the celebrated Baxter is equally honour 
 able to our author. After enumerating the characteristics 
 of a number of popular poets of his time, he remarks : 
 
 "But I must confess, after all, that, next the Scripture Poems, 
 there are none so savoury to me as Mr. George Herbert's and Mr. 
 George Sandys'. I know that Cowley and others far exceed Her 
 bert in wit and accurate composure; but as Seneca takes with me 
 above all his contemporaries, because he speaketh things by 
 words, feelingly and seriously, like a man that is past jest; so 
 Herbert speaks to God like one that really believeth a God, and 
 whose business in the world is most with God. Heart-work and 
 Heaven-work make up his books." Prefatory Address to Baxter's 
 Poetical Fragments, 1681. 
 
 Baxter's reference to Cowley reminds us that Herbert 
 is least esteemed by modern readers where he approaches 
 the closest to that extravagance of conceit which made 
 the author of the Davideis so great a favourite with his 
 pedantic age. 
 
 The following criticisms would have been read with un 
 feigned amazement by the pupils of Cowley and their 
 admirers: 
 
 " A writer of the same class, though infinitely inferior to both 
 Quarles and Crashaw. His poetry is a compound of enthusiasm 
 without sublimity, and conceit without either ingenuity or ima 
 gination. . . . When a man is once reduced to the impartial test 
 of time, when partiality, friendship, fashion, and party, have 
 withdrawn their influence, our surprise is frequently excited 
 by past subjects of admiration that now cease to strike. He who 
 takes up the poems of Herbert would little suspect that he had 
 been public orator of an university, and a favourite of his sove 
 reign ; that he had received flattery and praise from Donne and 
 from Bacon ; and that the biographers of the day had enrolled his 
 name among the first names of his country." Headley's Select 
 Beauties of Ancient English Poetry, i., liv., lv., 1810. 
 
 Bacon's admiration of Herbert was evinced by his dedi 
 cation to him of his translation of some of the Psalms, 
 " it being," as he says, his " manner for dedications to 
 choose those that I hold most fit for the argument." 
 
 It is believed that Herbert reciprocated the civility of 
 his friend by aiding him in the translation of several of 
 his works from English into Latin. 
 
 Henry Neele partially coincides with Headley's judg 
 ment, but is disposed to place a more favourable estimate 
 upon Herbert's natural poetical powers : 
 
 " His beauties of thought and diction are so overloaded with 
 far-fetched conceits and quaintnesses, low and vulgar and even 
 indelicate imagery, and a pertinacious appropriation of Scripture 
 language and figure, in situations where they make a most un 
 seemly exhibition, that there is now very little probability of his 
 ever regaining the popularity which he has lost. That there was 
 much, however, of the real poetical temperament in the composi 
 tion of his mind, the following lines, although not free from his 
 characteristic blemishes, will abundantly prove : 
 
 " ' Sweet Day ! so cool, so calm, so bright,' " Ac. 
 
 Lects. on English Poetry. 
 
 The many editions of Herbert's Poems now issuing 
 from the press prove that the critic was mistaken in sup 
 posing that the popularity of the poet had departed, never 
 to return. 
 
 The judgment of the critics next to be quoted, un 
 doubtedly, is that of the modern admirers of Herbert's 
 poetry : 
 
 " For ourselves* we are greatly Inclined to prefer Herbert's 
 homelier poems to those on which he lavished so much ingenuity. 
 Many of these latter have, indeed, fine passages; but the lofty 
 thought too often is followed by one actually ludicrous, and the 
 beautiful figure by another its very reverse." Review of the 
 Works of George Herbert : Brit. Quar. Rev. 
 
 " We think that those who have a real relish for devotional 
 poetry will find passages in Herbert that may refresh and delight 
 them : at the same time, no reader of taste and rational views of 
 religion but must lament and wonder at the strange and almost 
 
HER 
 
 incomprehensible turn of some of the poems." Herbert's Poems : 
 Lon. Betrosp. Rev., iii. 215-222, 1821. 
 
 Mr. Hallam notices the same fault in Herbert's principal 
 prose production : 
 
 " His Country Parson is, on the whole, a pleasing little book ; 
 but the precepts are sometimes so overstrained, according to our 
 notions, as to give an air of affectation." Introduc. to the Lit. of 
 Europe. 
 
 Addison takes our poet to task for his exhibition of a 
 species of "false wit," which "was revived by several 
 poets of the last age, and in particular may be met with 
 among Mr. Herbert's Poems." 
 
 For an explanation of the subject of Addison's censure, 
 which is not necessarily connected with the faults com 
 plained of by the critics previously quoted, we must refer 
 the reader to The Spectator, No. 58. 
 
 As regards the quaintness and conceits which so greatly 
 offend the taste of the present age, Mr. Willmott shows us 
 that they are not altogether indefensible, and that we are 
 not to condemn with hasty vehemence, without a charitable 
 degree of patience : 
 
 " Even the friendly taste of Mr. Keble was offended by the con 
 stant flutter of his fancy, forever hovering round and round the 
 theme. But this was a peculiarity which the most gifted writers 
 admired. Dryden openly avowed that nothing appeared more 
 beautiful to him than the imagery in Cowley, which some readers 
 condemned. It must, at least, be said, in praise of this creative 
 playfulness, that it is a quality of the intellect singularly sprightly 
 and buoyant ; it ranges over a boundless landscape, pierces into 
 every corner, and by the light of its own fire to adopt a phrase 
 of Temple discovers a thousand little bodies or images in the 
 world, unseen by common eyes, and only manifested by the rays 
 of that poetic sun." Introduc. to Herbert's Works, 1854; see No. 
 12, ante. 
 
 It would be well, therefore, for modern objectors to 
 what they deem Herbert's faults, before they let the dust 
 accumulate upon his Temple and his Country Parson, to 
 ponder the above suggestions, and not to forget the fol 
 lowing sagacious remarks of a critic entitled to great 
 deference : 
 
 " Having mentioned the name of Herbert, that model of a man, 
 a gentleman and a clergyman, let me add, that the quaintness of 
 some of his thoughts not of his diction, than which nothing can 
 be more pure, manly, and unaffected has blinded modern readers 
 to the great general merits of his poems, which are for the most 
 part exquisite in their kind." S. T. COLERIDGE. 
 
 As for ourselves, had Herbert no other claim to our 
 affection, it would be sufficient to insure our gratitude 
 that in the dark days of the gentle Cowper, when he 
 struggled for life with the " foul fiend Melancholy" and 
 found no rest for his distracted and horror-stricken soul, the 
 soothing strains of Herbert's muse subdued the evil spirit, 
 and proved an effectual comforter in the time of trouble : 
 " I was struck, not long after my settlement in the Temple, 
 with such a dejection of spirits as none but they who have felt 
 the same can have the least conception of. Day and night I was 
 on the rack; lying down in horror, and rising up in despair. I 
 presently lost all relish for those studies to which I had before 
 been closely attached. The classics had no longer any charms 
 for me : I had need of something more salutary than amusement, 
 but I had no one to direct me where to find it. At length I met 
 with Herbert's Poems; and, Gothic and uncouth as they were, I 
 yet found in them a strain of piety which I could not but admire. 
 This was the only author I had any delight in reading. I pored 
 over him all day long; and, though I found not here what I 
 might have found, a cure for my malady, yet it never seemed 
 so much alleviated as while I was reading him." 
 
 Herbert, Henry, Earl of Pembroke. Military Equita 
 tion ; or, a Method of breaking Horses, and teaching Sol 
 diers to ride, 1761, 12mo j 1778, sm. 8vo j 4th ed., 1793, 4to. 
 Herbert, Henry John George, third Earl of 
 Carnarvon, d. 1849. See CARNARVON, LORD, and Gent. 
 Mag., Feb. 1850. 
 
 Herbert, Henry William, b. in London, April 7, 
 1807, son of the Hon. and Rev. William Herbert, Dean 
 of Manchester, and the Hon. Letitia Emily Dorothea, 
 daughter of Viscount Allen and descended in direct male 
 line from the Earls of Pembroke and Percy, was educated 
 at Eton, and graduated in 1828 at Caius College, Cam 
 bridge, of which he is a prizeman and scholar. Mr. Her 
 bert emigrated to New York in 1831, and from this 
 period until 1839 was engaged as principal Greek teacher 
 in Mr. Huddart's classical academy. In the latter year 
 he was married to Sarah, daughter of John Barker, of 
 Bangor, Maine, by whom he has issue one son, William 
 George. Since his marriage Mr. Herbert has devoted 
 himself solely to authorship and the sports of the fields. 
 He resides in a beautiful cottage (" The Cedars") on the 
 banks of the Passaic, near Newark, New Jersey. Mr. Her 
 bert has been a very voluminous author ; and the following 
 list of works exhibits sufficient evidence of great literary 
 industry, inspired by a remarkable versatility of talent. 
 NOVELS AND NOVELETTES : 1. The Brothers. 2. Crom- 
 
 HER 
 
 well. 3. Marmaduke Wyvil. 4. The Roman Traitor. 5. 
 The Miller of Martigny. 6. Guarica ; or, The Carib 
 Bride. 7. Sherwood Forest: or, Wager of Battle. 8. The 
 Knights of England, France, and Scotland. 9. The Che 
 valiers of France. 10. The Cavaliers of England. 11. 
 Dermot O'Brien. 12. Persons and Pictures in French and 
 English History. 13. The Falls of the Wyalusing. 14. 
 Pierre the Partisan. 
 
 HISTORY: 15. The Captains of the Greek Republics. 
 16. The Captains of the Roman Republic. 17. Henry 
 VIII. and his Six Wives. 18. The Royal Maries of 
 Medieval History, (in MS. at the time of his death.) 
 
 TRANSLATIONS : 19. Matilda. 20. The Wandering Jew. 
 21. John Cavalier. 22. Atar Gull. 23. The Salamander; 
 Tom Eugene Sue. 24, 25. Diana of Meridor and Acte of 
 Corinth ; from Alex. Dumas. 26. Weiss's Protestant Re 
 fugees. 27. The Prometheus and Agamemnon of JEschylus. 
 28. Poetry from French and Italian Authors. 
 POETRY : Many fugitive pieces. 
 
 SPORTING WORKS, published under the name of FRANK 
 FORESTER: 29. The Field Sports of the United States 
 and the British Provinces in America, 1849, 2 vols. 8vo; 
 ast ed., 1858, 2 vols. 8vo. 30. The Fish and Fish-Book 
 of do., 1849-50, 2 vols. 8vo. Both of these works are illus 
 trated on wood by the author. 31. The Warwick Woodlands. 
 32. My Shooting-Box. 33. The Deer-Stalkers. These three 
 were pub. together in London, 1849, 3 vols. p. 8vo, under 
 the title of Frank Forester and his Friends ; or, Woodland 
 Adventures in the Middle States of North America. 34. The 
 Quorndon Hounds. 35. Young Sportsman's Complete 
 Manual of Fowling, Fishing, and Field Sports in general, 
 illustrated from drawings made from nature by the author. 
 EDITOR OF The Old Forest Ranger ; Dinks and May- 
 hew On the Dog ; Mr. Sponge's Sporting Tour, &c. 
 
 To the above list might be added The Horse and Horse 
 manship in the United States and British Provinces of 
 North America; American Game in its Seasons; an edit, 
 of Goldsmith's Hist, of Greece, <fec. Mr. Herbert was the 
 originator, in 1833, of the American Monthly Magazine, 
 and was its editor until 1835. He has also been a con 
 tributor of numerous articles to The Lady's Companion ; 
 Godey's Magazine; Graham's Magazine; Sartain's Maga 
 zine; Columbian Magazine; Southern Literary Gazette ; 
 Democratic Review ; Turf Register ; N. York Spirit of the 
 Times; New York Courier and Inquirer; New World, &c. 
 Mr. Herbert's fugitive articles, if collected, would pro 
 bably fill about forty duodecimo volumes. For a notice of 
 this popular writer, we refer the reader to the (New York) 
 Internal. Mag., iii. 289-291. 
 
 At the conclusion of our notice of the literary labours 
 of Mr. Herbert's distinguished father the Hon. and Very 
 Rev. William Herbert the reader will find a glowing tri 
 bute to that remarkable versatility of talent for which the 
 Dean of Manchester was so eminently distinguished. We 
 need hardly observe, after what has been already recorded, 
 that the same power of mastery over subjects which have 
 little or nothing in common is not less observable in the 
 translator of ^Eschylus and the chronicler of the Wood 
 land Adventures of Frank Forester and his associates in 
 the sports of the field. We might, indeed, trace this cha 
 racteristic versatility of the family as far back as Lord 
 Herbert of Cherbury, but this is a portrait which we have 
 wisely allowed Horace Walpole to paint in his own vivid 
 colours. We shall display as much prudence in borrowing 
 the pencil of another himself one of the most eminent 
 of American scholars who has graphically depicted the 
 prominent features of the subject of our notice : 
 
 " Mr. Herbert has long been known to the American reading 
 world as a writer of great and versatile powers; a poet of vivid 
 imagination and vigorous style; a successful novelist; an able 
 and accomplished critic ; and, to another class, whose reading is 
 comparatively limited, the Nimrods of the land, as a consum 
 mate master of the mysteries of their craft, practically experienced 
 in all the ways of shooting, fishing, and hunting, and skilled to 
 illustrate, alike with pen and pencil, the scenes of forest, river, lake, 
 and hill, amidst which his amusements and their serious pursuits 
 chiefly lie. And now he comes before the world in another cha 
 racter, that of translator of the most difficult of the Attic trage 
 dians." PROFESSOR C. C. FELTON : Review of Herbert's Tro.nstotioni 
 from jEschylus : N. Amer. Rev., Ixix. 407^21. 
 
 We regret to add that, since the above was written, Mr. 
 Herbert fell by his own hand, May 17, 1858. 
 
 Herbert, Mary, Countess of Pembroke. See SIDNEY. 
 Herbert, Sir Percy. Certaine Conceptions or Con 
 siderations upon the Strange Change of People's Disposi 
 tions and Actions of these latter Times, Lon., 1652, 4to. 
 The fable of Parnell's Hermit is drawn from the story 
 narrated on p. 220. See Beloe's Anecdotes, vi. 324. 
 Herbert, Philip, Earl of Pembroke. 1. Speech in th 
 
HER 
 
 HER 
 
 H. of Peers, Lon., 1642, 4to. 2. Speech for an Accommo 
 dation, 1642, 4to. 
 
 Herbert, Samuel, D.D. Occasional Serms., 1804,8vo. 
 Herbert, Stanley. John at Home; a Novel, Lon., 
 1853, 3 vols. 24mo. See N. Amer. Rev., Oct. 1854, 534. 
 
 Herbert, Sir Thomas, 1606 P-1682, a native of York, 
 of the Pembroke family, a distinguished traveller, was edu 
 cated at Jesus College, Oxford, and Trinity College, Cam 
 bridge. 1. A Relation of some Yeares Travels into Africa, 
 and the greater Asia, Ac., Lon., 1634, '38, '65, fol. ; 4th 
 and best ed., with addits., 1677, fol. Trans, into French 
 by Wiquefort, with addits., Paris, 1663, 4to. At the end 
 of Herbert's work is a curious Discourse, intended to prove 
 that Prince Madoc ap Owen Gwynedd discovered America 
 about three hundred years before Columbus's first voyage. 
 Herbert spent four years in Asia and Africa. 
 
 " He has hit off in a quaint and.lively style the leading features 
 of Persian society." Murray's Account of Travels in Asia. 
 
 See the Catalogue in Churchill's Collection of Voyages 
 and Travels. 
 
 2. Threnodia Carolina ; an Acct. of the last Two Years 
 of Charles I., 1678. Reprinted, 1702, 8vo. New ed., with 
 addits., reprinted by Mr. Nicol, 1813, 8vo. An elegant 
 and accurate edit. See Bliss's Wood's A then. Oxon., iv. 
 15-42 ; Censura Literaria, vol. iii. ; Drake's Eboracum. 
 Herbert trans, several books of John de Laet's India Oc- 
 cidentalis, and assisted Sir Wm. Dugdale in compiling the 
 3d vol. of his Monasticon Anglicanum. 
 
 Herbert, Thomas. 1. Secunda Vox Populi; or, 
 The Commons' Gratitude to Philip, Earle of Pembroke and 
 Montgomery, 1641, 4to. A poetical tract of four leaves, 
 with a wood-cut of the earl, whole length, in full robes 
 of office. 2. An Elegie upon the Death of Thomas, Earle 
 of Strafford, 1641, pp. 7. 3. News newly discovered, 1641, 
 12mo. 4. Keep within Compasse Dick and Robin, &c., 
 1641, 12mo ; Gordonstoun, 1195, 4. 5. Newes out of Isling 
 ton, Ac., 1641, 12mo; Gordonstoun, 1194, 4. 
 
 Herbert, Thomas, Earl of Pembroke. Numismata 
 Antiqua et Recentiora ornnis generis metalli, et moduli 
 aeri incisi, <fcc., Lon., 1746, 2 vols. in one, 4to, 7 ; 2 vols. 
 in one, fol., 11 11s. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1426. 
 
 Herbert, W. 1. Beleefe and Confession of Faith, 
 Lon., 1646, '48, 12mo. 2. Child-Bearing Woman, 1648, 
 12mo. 3. Catechism, 1648, 12mo. 4. Quadripartite Devo 
 tion, 1648, 12mo. 
 
 Herbert, William, third Earl of Pembroke, 1580- 
 1630, a native of Wilton, Wiltshire, educated at New Col 
 lege, Oxford, succeeded to his father's honours and estate, 
 1601; Knight of the Garter, 1604; Governor of Ports 
 mouth, 1610 ; Chancellor of the University of Oxford, 1626 ; 
 and about the same time made Lord-Steward of the King's 
 Household. The character of this nobleman who is sup 
 posed to be the "W. H." of Shakspeare's Sonnets has 
 been admirably drawn by the Earl of Clarendon ; and to 
 his lordship's History of the Rebellion, Bliss's Wood's 
 Athen. Oxon., Wood's Annals, Park's Walpole's R. and N. 
 Authors, Collins's Peerage, and Hallam's Lit Hist, of Eu 
 rope, we refer the reader. Poems, written by William, Earl 
 of Pembroke, <fcc., many of which are answered, by way 
 of repartee, by Sir Benjamin Rudyard, Lon., 1660, 8vo. 
 With other Poems, written by them occasionally and apart, 
 Lon., 1660, 8vo. Hallam supposes that there is an earlier 
 edit. New ed., with a Preface by Sir S. E. Brydgea, 1817. 
 100 copies printed. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1426. 
 
 "The poems, in general, are of little merit; some are grossly 
 indecent ; nor would they be mentioned here except for the inte 
 rest recently attached to the author's name. But they throw no 
 light whatever on the sonnets of Shakspeare." HALLAM : ubi supra. 
 Watt attributes to his lordship a work entitled, Of the 
 Internal and External State of Man in Christ, 1654, 4to. 
 Certainly the earl's tastes were any thing but theological ; 
 though, indeed, Ben Jonson's compliment implies an im 
 partial eclecticism : 
 
 " I do but name thee, Pembroke, and I find 
 
 It is an epigram on all mankind." 
 
 Pembroke College was named in honour of our noble 
 author, who, let it not be forgotten, gave to the Bodleian 
 Library 242 Greek MSS., purchased by him in Italy, and 
 formerly the property of Francis Barroccio. 
 
 Herbert, William, 1718-1795, an eminent typo 
 graphical antiquary, has already claimed our notice in our 
 life of JOSEPH AMES ; and to that article, to Dibdin's Ac 
 count of William Herbert, prefixed to vol. i. of the Typo 
 graphical Antiquities of Great Britain, and the authorities 
 subjoined, we refer the reader. 1. Second ed. of Atkyn's 
 Hist, of Gloucestershire, Lon., 1768, fol. See ATKYNS, SIR 
 ROBT., p. 80. 2. Typographical Antiq. of G. Brit, and 
 Ireland, 3 vols. 4to: i, 1785; ii. 1786; iii. 1790. See (ante) 
 
 also life of DIBDIN, THOMAS, FROGNALL, D.D., in this vol. 
 The Typographical Antiquities is justly commended by an 
 eminent authority as 
 
 " A very valuable and accurate work, and as honourable to the 
 British nation as to the deep critical researches of the original com 
 piler, Mr. Ames, and his continuator, Mr. Herbert." DR. CLARKE. 
 
 Herbert left an annotated copy of this work, with a view 
 to a second ed., interleaved and bound in 6 vols., r. 4to. 
 As a portion only of the first vol. was used by Dibdin, we 
 hope that the balance will some day be appropriated by a 
 judicious continuator of the Antiquities. The copy re 
 ferred to was in 1848 in the possession of Mr. H. G. Bohn, 
 London, and offered by him for the small sum of 12 12s. 
 
 3. In conjunction with Mr. Nicholson, New Directory 
 for the East Indies, 4to. See Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; Bio 
 graphy of Herbert, supposed to-be written by Richard 
 Gough, in Gent, Mag., Ixv., Pt. 1, 261; and Gent. Mag., 
 Ixxii. 418. 
 
 Herbert, William. Antiq. of the Inns of Court and 
 Chancery, Lon., 1804, r. 8vo; 1. paper, 4to. He pub. Sir 
 Reginalde, a Romance, &c., 1803, 12mo; and a Series of 
 Views from the Palace of Lambeth, 1805 ; both in con 
 junction with Edward Wedlake Brayley: see both the 
 names in Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Herbert, Hon. and Very Rev. William, D.C.L., 
 1778-1847,third son of Henry, Earl of Carnarvon, and Lady 
 Elizabeth Alicia Maria Wyndham, eldest daughter of 
 Charles, Earl of Egremont, was born at Highclere Castle, 
 Bucks, and educated at Eton, and at Christ Church and 
 Merton College, Oxford, where he graduated M.A., 1802, 
 B. and D.C.L., 1808, and became a Fellow of Merton Col 
 lege. After a successful practice as a member of Doctors' 
 Commons, and a brilliant career in the House of Commons, 
 he determined to take holy orders, and in 1814 was pre 
 sented to the Rectory of SpofForth, and appointed Dean 
 of Manchester in 1840. 1. Edited Musaa Etonenses; a 
 Selection of Greek and Latin Poetry, by Etonians, 1795, 
 2 vols. 8vo. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1314. 2. Ossiani 
 Darthula, Graece reddita; Accedunt Miscellanea, 1801, 8vo. 
 3. Select Icelandic Poetry; trans, from the originals, with 
 Notes; Translations from the German, Danish, &c.; to 
 which is added Miscellaneous Poetry, 1814, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Reviewed by Sir Walter Scott, in Edin. Rev., ix. 211-223. 
 A second part to each of these works was added in 1806. 
 See Moir's Sketches of the Poetical Literature of the Past 
 Half-Century. 4. Helga; a Poem, in 7 Cantos, with Notes, 
 1815, 8vo. See Edin. Rev., xxv. 146-168 ; Moir, ubi supra. 
 5. Hedin, or The Spectre of the Tomb ; a Tale from the 
 Danish History, 1820. 6. Serms., 1820, 12mo. 7. The 
 Wizard Wanderer of Jutland, a Tragedy; and Julia Mont- 
 albin, a Tale, 1822. 8. The Guahiba; a Tale, 1822. 9. A 
 Letter to the Chairman of the Committee of the House of 
 Commons on the Game-Laws, 1823. See article by Rev. 
 Sydney Smith, in Edin. Rev., xxxix. 43-54. 10. Iris; a 
 Latin Ode, 1826. 11. Amaryllidacege, with a Treatise on 
 Cross-bred Vegetables, 1837, r. 8vo. Mr. Herbert pub. 
 several other works on botany and natural history, and a 
 number of papers in horticultural and botanical periodi 
 cals. He was also one of the earliest contributors to the 
 Edinburgh Review. 12. I. Attila, King of the Huns, or 
 the Triumph of Christianity: an Epic Poem; II. Attila 
 and his predecessors: a Historical Treatise, 1838, 8vo. 
 
 " A production displaying a union of acuteness and erudition 
 with great poetical talents." Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, 4th 
 
 " A work conceived in a grand and simple spirit, and abounding 
 in passages finely imagined and finely expressed. Few poems 
 which have appeared within the last twenty years evince a more 
 thorough preparation on the part of the writer, a deeper study 
 of the subject, or a more just and masculine taste. It is not pos 
 sible to take up a single book of the poem without being frequently 
 reminded of Milton's best points, his sublimity and his purity." 
 Edin. Rev. 
 
 " Attila was the last and most ambitious production of Herbert ; 
 his most laboured but not his most successful one. The fire of 
 his youthful enthusiasm had been gradually burning out ; and 
 this he endeavoured, but vainly, to atone for by a strict adherence 
 to Aristotelian rules, backed by the Gallican codicils of Boileau 
 and Bossu." MOIR : ubi supra. See Gent. Mag., April, 1839. 
 
 13. Christian, a Poem ; and Sylva Recentiores, 1846, 8vo. 
 14. Miscellaneous Works, excepting those on Botany and 
 Natural History, with Addits. and Corrections by the Au 
 thor. Contents: Horae Scandicae, or Works (Poetical) 
 relating to Old Scandinavian Literature; Horse Pieriae, 
 or Poetry on various subjects ; Sylvarum Liber ; Reviews, 
 Sermons, <fcc., 1842, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " It is not often that we meet with a writer whose attainments 
 are so various, and at the same time so accurate and profound, as 
 those of the one now before us ; while it has been the lot of few to 
 fill, at various periods, stations in society which are generally re 
 served for those professionally educated for them alone, and from 
 
HER 
 
 HER 
 
 has, when taken inwardly, likewise a decided influence on the 
 human economy, contradictory to the assertions of all other au- 
 
 which they seldom depart ; but we have had the pleasure of hear 
 ing Mr. Herbert as an orator in the House of Commons, we have ^wi-^ 
 
 heard him as an advocate at the Bar, and we have listened to him ! thors; further, that heat, in a bearable degree, destroys its poi- 
 as a preacher in the pulpit. As an author, we have found him in \ sonous qualities, and is thus the best remedy aftera bite, applied 
 
 _ preacher r -. r ... , 
 
 walks of science and literature very remote from each other, not 
 often trodden by the same person, yet always marking his progress 
 by the light he has thrown on his subjects, and, as it appears to 
 us, showing both diligence and accuracy in recording facts, and 
 philosophical discretion in reasoning from them." Lon. Gent. Mag., 
 1843, Pt. 1, 115-133, q. v.; see also 1847, Pt. 2, 425-426. 
 
 Herbert, William, Librarian to the Corporation of 
 London. The Hist, of the Twelve Great Livery Companies 
 of London, Lon., 1837, 2 vols. Svo. New ed., 1846, Svo 
 and r. Svo. 
 
 "We feel, in conclusion, fully justified in declaring that Mr. 
 Herbert has by this publication proved himself worthy of the 
 office of Archivist and Historiographer to the City of London." 
 Lon. Gent. Mag., April, 1834. 
 
 Also highly commended by the Athenaeum, Spectator, 
 Examiner, Ac., and largely quoted in the Penny Magazine, 
 Pictorial Hist, of England, Ac. 
 
 Herbst, J., Lutheran pastor, Gettysburg. 1. Evan- 
 gelisches Magazin, editor, 1830. 2. Inaugural Address of 
 S. S. Schmucker, translated into German, 1826. 
 
 Herckeman, Elias. A Voyage to the Kingdom of 
 Chili, in America. See Churchill's Voyages, p. 503, 1704. 
 Herd, David, 1732-1810, a native of St. Cyrus, Kin- 
 cardineshire, Scotland. Collection of Ancient and Modern 
 Scottish Songs, Heroic Ballads, Ac., 1769, 1 vol.; 1772, 2 
 vols. 12mo; 1776, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 "The first classical collection [of Scottish Songs.]" SIR WALTER 
 SCOTT. 
 
 See Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent 
 Scotsmen ; Scots' Mag., July, 1810. 
 Herdman, John, M.D. Profess, works, 1795-1809. 
 Herdman, Wm. Serm., Lon., 1794, Svo. 
 Herdson, Hen. Ars Mnemonica, Lat. et Eng., Lon., 
 1651, '57, 12mo. See an account of this work in Feinagle's 
 Art of Memory. It seems to have been pub. separately 
 in Latin and in English, both Lon., 1651, 12mo. See 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 914. 
 
 Hereford, Bishop. Legacy; or, A Short Deter 
 mination of all Controversies with the Papists, by God's 
 Holy Word, 1677, 4to. 
 
 Hereford, Rev. Charles. 1. Hist, of France, 5 vols. 
 Svo. Anon. 2. Hist, of Rome, 3 vols. Svo. Anon. 3. Abridgt. 
 of Gibbon's Hist, 2 vols. Svo. Anon. 4. Abridgt. of Hume's 
 Hist, 2 vols. 8vo. Anon. 
 
 Hergest, Wm. 1. Christian Chastitie. 2. Expos, of 
 the 7th Commandment, Lon., 1580, 4to. 
 
 Hering, Constantine, M.D., b. January 1, 1800, at 
 Oschatz, in Saxony, studied in Zittau, Leipzig, Dresden, 
 and Wuerzburg, obtained in 1826 the degree of Doct. of 
 Med., Surgery, and Obstetrics ; was sent under the protec 
 tion of the government, for the purpose of making scientific 
 researches, to Surinam, S.America; came to Phila., Jan. 
 1834, and has resided mostly there since as a practising 
 physician and lecturer on homoeopathy. He is a member of 
 the Acad. of Nat. Sciences in Phila. since 1830, of several 
 similar societies, and nearly all homoeopathic academies 
 and societies in the world. Has been a contributor to 
 homoeopathic journals, (Archives of Stapf, 1827-46; 
 Gazette of Leipzig; Journal of Buchner; British Quar 
 terly; and Clinical Gazette.) Co-editor of the Medical 
 Correspondent, Allentown, 1835, '36; the Miscellanies on 
 Homoeopathy, Phila., 1839 ; N. Am. Homoeopathic Quar 
 terly, N. York, 1851, '52 ; and the Homoeopathic News, a 
 monthly, Phila., since 1854. Author of 1. Rise and Pro 
 gress of Homoeopathy, Phila., 1834; trans, into English 
 by Matlack, 1834 ; into Dutch by Rosenstein, Rotterdam, 
 1836 ; into Swedish. 1S53. 2. The Historical Necessity of 
 Homoeopathy, Allentown, 1835, (Germ.) 3. Homoeopathic 
 Hatchels, Jena, 1845. 4. Proposals to Kill Homoeopathy, 
 Leipzig, 1846, (a Satire.) 5. Suggestions for the Proving 
 of Drugs on the Healthy, Phila., 1853. 6. The Effects of 
 Snake-poison, Allentown and Leipzig, r. 8vo, 1837 ; with 
 an Introduction on the study of Materia Medica; trans, 
 into English, in British Quarterly, 1844. 7. Domestic Phy 
 sician : since 1837, six eds. of the last, Phila., 1858; two 
 in Great Britain ; ten in Germany; trans, into the French 
 Italian, Spanish, and other languages, with a circulation 
 of more than 50,000 copies. 
 
 "Dr. Bering's Guide we have always considered the best and 
 most original of tho domestic works." Brit. Quar. Jour, of Horn. 
 April, 1856. 
 
 8. American Drug Provings, Leipzig, Winter, 1853, vol 
 i. ; vol. ii*. in press. 9. One of the authors of the pamphle 
 The Voluntary System of Medical Education instituted bj 
 the Independent Medical School of Pa., 1854, Phila. 
 'The most important of his toxicological researches are th 
 
 locally at a distance from the wound, much better than brandy 
 taken inwardly, which, however, in some cases may be united 
 with it. He found that alcohol extracts a salt from the snake- 
 poison, which has in some cases of bites, and in a great many dis 
 eases, as apoplexy, paralysis, typhus, quinsy, etc., a curative in 
 fluence. This discovery he applied to the saliva of the mad dog, 
 and prevented hydrophobia by application of heat near the wound, 
 hich proved more effectual and certain than the process of burn- 
 ng it out, because the latter forms a scurf, which, as a non-con- 
 luctor of heat, may protect the poison. From the same virus he 
 bund that alcohol also extracts a chemical compound, which has 
 bus far seemed to be effectual as a remedy in preventing and 
 uring hydrophobia. The same method has successfully been 
 applied to small-pox and other contagious diseases of men and 
 animals, according to the reports of numerous physicians. He 
 vas the first to propose sulphur as a preventive of Asiatic Cholera 
 1848) when applied as a powder between the stockings and the 
 soles of the feet, it being absorbed, and, without disturbing the 
 ntestines, exhaled at the pores of the skin as sulphuretted hydro 
 gen, (blackening bright silver even on the forehead.) This process 
 >rotects against cholera, and may perform the same use in other 
 niasmas." 
 
 Hering, Francis, M.D. See HERRING. 
 Heriot, George, Postmaster-General of British 
 America. 1. Descriptive Poem, written in the W. 
 Indies, Lon., 1781, 4to. 2. Hist, of Canada, 1804, 8vo. 
 3. Travels through the Canadas, 1807, 4to. 
 
 Heriot, John, R.N., 1760-1833, brother of the pre 
 ceding, was connected with the newspapers The Oracle, 
 The World, The Sun, and The True Briton. 1. The Sor 
 rows of the Heart ; a Novel, 1787, 2 vols. 2. The Half- 
 pay Officer; a Novel, 1788, 3 vols. Svo. 3. Hist. Sketch 
 of Gibraltar, Lon., 1792, Svo. 4. The Battle of the Nile, 
 1792. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Aug. 1833. 
 
 Herissant, Dr. Experiments with the Poison of 
 Lamas and of Ticunas ; Phil. Trans., 1741. 
 
 Herle, Charles, 1598-1659, Rector of Winwick, 
 Lancashire. Serms., <fcc., 1642, '43, '44, '46, '55. 
 
 Herman, an Anglo-Norman poet, temp. Henry II. and 
 Richard II., has attributed to him a Life of Tobit, which 
 s a poem of about 1400 lines, a poem entitled Lea Joies de 
 Notre Dame, and some other pieces. See Wright's Biog. 
 Brit. Lit., and authorities there cited. 
 
 Herman, Thomas. Critical Cat. of the Pictures of 
 the British Institution, Lon., 1807, Svo. 
 
 Herndon, Mrs. Mary E., of Kentucky. 1. Louisa 
 Elton ; a Nov., Phila., 1853. 2. Oswyn Dudley, Gin., 1855. 
 Herndon, Wm. L., Lieut., U.S. Navy, lost in the 
 wreck of the Central America, 1857. Exploration of the 
 Valley of the Amazon, with maps and plates, Washington, 
 D.C., 1854, Svo. Of this work 40,000 copies were pub. by 
 order of the U.S. Government. Lieut. Gibbon, who was 
 also an officer of the Expedition, pub. a continuation, of 
 which as many copies were printed. 
 
 Herne, John. 1. Law of Conveyances, Lon., 1656, 
 '58, '88, Svo. 2. The Pleader, 1657, fol. 3. Assurancer, 
 1658, Svo. 4. Sewers, 1659, 4to. 5. Charitable Uses, 1660, 
 '63, Svo. 
 
 Herne, Samuel. See HEARNE. 
 Herne, Thomas, d. 1722, Fellow of Merton College, 
 Oxford, a native of Suffolk, pub. several theological works, 
 among which were an account of the Bangorian Contro 
 versy to the end of 1719, and an account of books, <fec. on 
 the Trinitarian Controversy from 1712-20. See Masters's 
 Hist, of C. C. C. C. 
 
 Hernon, G. D. Louisa; or, The Black Tower, 1803, 
 2 vols. 
 
 Heron, John. Custom Laws in Ireland,Dubl.,1818,8vo. 
 
 Heron, John. Fruitfull Dialogues treatyng upon 
 
 the Baptisme of Chyldren, Worcest., 1551. It is believed 
 
 that Heron is a misprint for John Sennonoys Veron, or 
 
 Vernon. 
 
 Heron, M. The Conflict; a Nov., 1793, Lon., 2 vols. 
 12mo. 
 
 Heron, Rt. Hon. Sir Richard. 1. Table of the 
 Families of Heron, 1797, fol. 2. Family of Heron of 
 Newark-upon-Trent, Lon., 1803, 4to. 
 
 Heron, Robert, 1764-1807, a native of New Gal 
 loway, Scotland, a man of improvident habits and con 
 siderable talents, wrote and trans, a number of works, of 
 which the best-known are: 1. Journey in the Western 
 Counties of Scotland, 1793, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Hist, of Scot 
 land, 1794-99, 6 vols. Svo. 3. Universal Geography, 1798, 
 4 vols. Svo. 4. The Comforts of Life, 1807. He was editor 
 and contributor to several periodicals. See Chambers and 
 Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen; Murray's 
 Lit. Hist, of Galloway; Disraeli's Calamities of Authors; 
 
 a long series of experiments, that the poison of snakes i Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Miller's Fly-Leaves, 1st Series, 36. 
 
HER 
 
 Heron, Robert. Letters of Literature, Lon., 1783, ! 
 '84, '85, 8vo. This was a name assumed by John Pinker- 
 ton, subsequently a well-known writer. 
 
 Herport, Rev. Brian. Truths of Importance to the 
 Happiness of Mankind, Legal Oaths, <fcc., Lon., 1768, 8vo. 
 
 Herreken, N. T. Confidence in God, <fcc., 1804. 
 
 Herrey, Robert F. Bible Concordances, Lon., 1578, 
 4to. 
 
 Herrick, Joseph, of Colchester. 1. Salvation pos 
 sible to the Vilest Sinners, Lon., 1842, 18mo. 2. Salvation 
 Certain and Complete, 1847, 32mo. 3. Greatness of God's 
 Mercy, 1847, 18mo. 
 
 Herrick, Heyrick, Hearick, or Hireck, Ro 
 bert, 1591-1662 ? a divine and a very eminent poet, de 
 scended from Eric, a Danish chief temp. Alfred the Great, 
 was a native of Cheapside, London. He studied at Cam 
 bridge, was presented to the living of Dean Prior, Devon 
 shire, in 1629; was deprived by Cromwell in 1648; and 
 reinstated in his living by Charles II. in 1660. 1. Hespe- 
 rides; or, The Works, both Humane and Divine, of Robert 
 Herrick,. Lon., 1648, 8vo. To this vol. was appended his 
 "Noble Numbers; or, his Pieces wherein (among other 
 things) he sings the Birth of Christ, and sighs for his 
 Saviour's Sufferings on the Cross," 1647, pp. 79. Bibl. 
 Anglo-Poet., 340, 8 8s. 
 
 " These two books of poetry made him much admired in the 
 time when they were published, especially by the generous and 
 boon-loyalists among whom he was numbered as a sufferer." 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 2. Select Poems from the Hesperides, with Occasional ! 
 Remarks by J. N(ott, D.D.)., Bristol, 1810, sm. 8vo, pp. 253. 
 
 3. The Works of Robert Herrick, Edin., 1823, 2 vols. cr. 8vo. 
 
 4. Lon., 1825, 2 vols. cr. 8vo. 5. Hesperides, and Selected 
 Works, by C. Short, 1839, 12mo. 6. Hesperides, 1844, 2 vols. 
 24mo. 7. 1846, 2 vols. 12mo. 8. 1846, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 9. Se 
 lections for Translations into Latin Verse, 1848, 12mo. 
 10. Hesperides, 1850,18mo. 11.1852. 12.1856,2vols.l2mo. 
 
 " Herrick's Hesperides is a vol. of equal rarity and merit. Seve 
 ral of his poems have been revived in modern collections: the best 
 perhaps will be found in Drake's Literary Hours; those which 
 more especially relate to himself and his family, in Nichols's Hist, 
 of Leicestershire, where also are several of his letters." Bliss's 
 Wood's Athen. Oxon., iii. 251. 
 
 Among the best-known of his pieces are Cherry Ripe, 
 Gather the Rose-buds where ye may, To Blossoms, To 
 Daffodils, The Kiss, To Corinna, Poems to and upon Julia, 
 To Primroses filled with Morning Dew, To Find God, and 
 A Thanksgiving for his House. 
 
 Herrick is a most exquisite poet, but, unfortunately, de 
 lighted in the wanderings of a libertine muse. To quote 
 the language of Dr. Drake, in the work just referred to: 
 
 " So injudiciously are the contents of his volume disposed, and 
 so totally divested of order and propriety, that it would almost 
 seem the poet wished to pollute and bury his best effusions in a 
 mass of nonsense and obscenity. Nine persons out of ten who 
 should casually dip into the collection would, in all probability, 
 after glancing over a few trifling epigrams, throw it down with 
 indignation, little apprehending it contained many pieces of a 
 truly moral and pathetic, and of an exquisitely rural and descrip 
 tive, strain. Such, however, is the case." Literary Hours, 1820, 
 i. 14: and see ii. 353-387. 
 
 We quote some other opinions respecting the character 
 istics of this favourite poet. 
 
 Phillips, rather coldly, allows him to have shown occa 
 sionally "a pretty flowery and pastoral gale of fancy," 
 (Theatrum Poetarum;) but another contemporary critic 
 assures us, with more vehemence than elegance, that ' 
 
 " Horace, 
 
 He was but a sour-ass, 
 
 And good for nothing but lyric; 
 
 There's but one to be found 
 
 In all English ground 
 
 Writes so well, who is hight Robert Herrick." 
 
 Naps upon Parnassus, (1658.) 
 
 But let us look a little into the verdict of modern criti 
 cism : 
 
 " He has much of the lively grace that distinguishes Anacreon 
 and Catullus, and approaches also, with a less cloying monotony, 
 to the Basia of Joannes Secundus. Herrick has as much variety 
 as the poetry of kisses can well have ; but his love is in a very 
 slight degree that of sentiment, or even any intense passion ; his 
 mistresses have little to recommend them, even in his own eyes, 
 save their beauties, and none of these are omitted in his catalogues. 
 Yet he is abundant in the resources of verse ; without the exu 
 berant gaiety of Suckling, or, perhaps, the delicacy of Carew, he is 
 sportive, fanciful, and generally of polished language." Hallam's 
 Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 " More than any eminent writer of that day, Herrick's collection 
 requires careful sifting ; but there is so much fancy, so much deli 
 cacy, so much grace, that a good selection would well repay the 
 publisher. Bits there are that are exquisite; as when, in enume 
 rating the cates composing Oberon's Feast, in his Fairy-land, he 
 includes, aiuong a strange farrago of unimaginable dishes, 
 " ' The broke heart of a nightingale 
 Overcome in music.' 
 53 
 
 HER 
 
 " Some of his pieces, too, contain curious illustrations of the cus 
 toms, manners, and prejudices of our ancestors But his real 
 
 delight was among flowers and bees, and nymphs and cupids ; and 
 certainly these graceful subjects were never handled more grace 
 fully." MARY RUSSELL MITFORD : Recollec. of a Literary Life. 
 
 " Herrick's vein of poetry is very irregular; but where the ore 
 is pure it is of high value. ... To his Hesperides, or Works Hu 
 man and Divine, he added some pieces on religious subjects, where 
 his volatile genius was not in her element." Campbell's Notices 
 of the British Poets. 
 
 " Herrick possessed a vigour of fancy, a warmth of feeling, a 
 soundness of sense, and an ease of versification, sufficient to rank 
 him very high in the scale of English minor poets." Lon. Quar. 
 Rev., iv. 167-174. 
 
 " He displays considerable facility of simple diction, and consi 
 derable variety of lyrical versification. He is successful in imitat 
 ing the sprightliness of Anacreontic gaiety and the lucid neatness 
 of the ancient anthologists." Blaekwood's Mag., xlv. 782-794, q. v.: 
 see also xxxiv. 123. 
 
 " Forgetting the impurities of our author, and estimating the 
 chaste effusions of his felicitous genius, we do not hesitate to pro 
 nounce him the very best of English Lyric Poets. He is the most 
 joyous and gladsome of bards ; singing, like the grasshopper, as 
 if he would never grow old. He is as fresh as the spring, as blithe 
 as summer, and as ripe as autumn. We know of no English poet 
 who is so abandonni, as the French term it. who so wholly gives 
 himself up to his present feelings, who is so much heart and soul 
 in what he writes, and this not on one subject only, but on all 
 subjects alike. . . . His poems resemble a luxuriant meadow, full 
 of king-cups and wild-flowers, or a July firmament sparkling with 
 a myriad of stars." ion. Retrosp. Rev., v. 156-180, 1822. 
 
 See also Nichols's Hist, of Leicestershire ; Hallam's Lit. 
 Hist, of Europe, 4th ed., 1854, iii. 43 ; Gent. Mag., Ixvi., 
 Pt. 1, 384, 461, 463 ; Pt. 2, 645, 736 ; Ixvii., Pt, 1, 102. 
 
 The Herricks of New England are descended from the 
 ancient family which claims the poet; and A Genealogical 
 Register of the name and family of Herrick was pub. by 
 Jedediah Herrick, in 1846, at Bangor, Maine. 
 
 The poetry of Herrick had been wellnigh forgotten 
 until about the commencement of the present century, 
 when, by the exertions of Dr. Nott, Dr. Drake, Mr. Ellis, 
 and a writer in the Gent. Mag. for 1796, (see ante,) he 
 secured a popularity which seems likely to remain perma 
 nent among the disciples of the school of English Lyric 
 Poetry. If we are deemed unnecessarily harsh in our 
 condemnation of those licentious strains which disfigure 
 the beauty of so many pages of Herrick's HESPERIDES, 
 we need do no more than record the author's own mature 
 verdict on these frequent transgressions against good taste 
 and good morals : 
 
 " For these my unbaptized rhymes, 
 
 Writ in my wild unhallowed times, 
 
 For every sentence, clause, and word, 
 
 That's not inlaid with thee, Lord! 
 
 Forgive me, God, and blot each line 
 
 Out of my book that is not thine : 
 
 But if 'mongst all thou findest one 
 
 Worthy thy benediction, 
 
 That one of all the rest shall be 
 
 The glory of my work and me." 
 
 It is well thus to repent of an offence : but far better 
 would it have been never to have offended ! 
 
 Henries, John. Elements of Speech, Lon., 1773, 
 8vo. This work has elicited high commendation. 
 
 Herries, John Charles. 1. Financial and Com 
 mercial Affairs, 1797, 8vo. 2. State of Europe, 1802, 8vo. 
 3. Instructions for Cavalry, 1804-05, 2 vols. 8ro. 
 
 Herring, or Hering, Francis, M.D., pub. a Latin 
 poem, three works on the Plague, &c., Lon., 1603-65. 
 
 Herring, Richard. Paper and Paper-Making, Lon., 
 1855, 8vo. See Longman's Notes on Books, Nov. 30, 
 1855, p. 44. 
 
 Herring, Thomas, D.D., 1691-1757, a native of 
 Walsoken, Norfolk, educated at Jesus College, Cambridge ; 
 Fellow of Corpus Christi College, 1716 ; Rector of Ret- 
 tenden, Essex, and of Barclay, Hertfordshire, 1722; 
 Preacher of Lincoln's Inn, 1726; Dean of Rochester, 
 1731 ; Bishop of Bangor, 1737 ; trans, to York, 1743, and 
 to Canterbury, 1747. 1. Letter to the Bishops of hi 
 province, Lon., 1748, 8vo. 2. Serm. on Acts xxvi. 18, 
 Oxon., 1756, 4to. 3. Seven Serms. on Public Occasions, 
 with a Memoir by Wm. Duncombe, Lon., 1763, 8vo. 
 
 " Elegant, spirited, and masterly." Lon. Oritical Rev. 
 
 4. Letters to Wm. Dunco-mbe, 1728-57, 12mo, 1777. 
 
 Herring, Thomas, Preb. of York, and Rector of 
 Cullesden, Surrey. Serm., Lon., 1765, 4to. 
 
 Herringham, W. Serm., 1804. 
 
 Herriott, George. See HERIOT. 
 
 Herrman, T. C. Inhabitants of Russia; Thorn. 
 Ann. Philos., iii. 165, 438, 3814. 
 
 Herschel, Caroline Lucretia, 1750-1848, sister 
 and assistant of the distinguished astronomer, Dr. William 
 Herschel, was also a native of Hanover, where she resided 
 until her twenty-second year, when she joined her brother 
 
HER 
 
 HER 
 
 William, then a musician, at Bath, in England. On her 
 brother's death, in 1822, she returned to Hanover, after a 
 residence in England of more than half a century. She 
 made a number of astronomical discoveries, (see Gent. 
 Mag., April, 1848,) and gave to the world 1. A Cata 
 logue of 561 stars observed by Flamsteed. 2. A General 
 Index of Reference to every Observation of every Star 
 inserted in the British Catalogue ; with introductory and 
 explanatory remarks to each of them, by Wm. Herschel, 
 LL.D. These two works were pub. together in one vol. 
 by the Royal Society, Lon., 1798, fol. Miss Herschel 
 also completed the reduction and arrangement of a Zone- 
 Catalogue of all the nebulae and clusters of stars observed 
 by her brother in his sweeps, a work which was rewarded 
 by the Gold Medal of the Astronomical Society of Lon 
 don, in 1828. Miss H. also pub. An Account of a New 
 Comet, Phil. Trans., 1787 ; Discovery of a New Comet, 
 Phil. Trans., 1796. 
 
 " A lady eminent for her scientific knowledge and unwavering 
 perseverance in astronomical discovery." Hannah At. Bouvier 1 ! 
 familiar Astronomy, Phila., 1857, 8vo, p. 191 ; and see p. 235-236 : 
 see also Dr. J. P. Nichol's Architecture of the Heavens ; Baily's 
 Life of Flamsteed; Gent. Mag., April, 1848. 
 
 Miss Bouvier's Familiar Astronomy just referred to 
 has elicited warm commendations from distinguished 
 authorities; and it will be found an invaluable assistant 
 and an agreeable companion in every family, school, or 
 private library. 
 
 Herschel, Sir John Frederick William, D.C.L., 
 Master of the Mint since 1850, an eminent astronomer, 
 b. 1790, at Slough, near Windsor, England, is the only 
 son of the distinguished astronomer, Sir William Herschel. 
 After completing his studies at St. John's College, Cam 
 bridge, and attaining great distinction as a mathematician, 
 he naturally turned his attention to the noble science 
 which had already made his name immortal. His success 
 in this brilliant field of investigation is too well known 
 to call for much comment at our hands. In 1838 he was 
 made a baronet; in 1839 created a D.C.L. of Oxford; and 
 in 1842 elected Lord-Rector of Marischal College, Aberdeen. 
 In addition to many papers pub. in the Transactions of 
 the Royal Society and of the Astronomical Society, a recon 
 struction (in conjunction with Peacock) of Lacroix's trea 
 tise on the Differential Calculus, editing Spence's Mathe 
 matical Essays, and contributing treatises on Sound, Light, 
 and Physical Astronomy, to the Encyclopaedia Metropoli- 
 tana, and other essays to various journals, Sir John Her 
 schel has given to the world the following valuable works : 
 1. A Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Phi 
 losophy, Lon., 1830, 12mo, pp. 372; vol. xiv. of Lardner's 
 Cyc. New ed., 1851, 12mo. 
 
 " Without doing more than alluding to the delight with which 
 this work has been several times perused by the writer of these 
 pages, he can assure the reader that he has frequently heard the 
 most eminent scientific men speak of it as a singularly beautiful, 
 accurate, and masterly performance. Its author will be univer 
 sally admitted to be consummately qualified for such an under 
 taking, as far as the union of exact and profound science with 
 elegant and varied accomplishments and refined taste can be 
 considered as constituting such qualification. The style is se 
 verely chaste, and not obscured by technicalities." Warren's Law 
 Studies, 2d ed., 1845, 196-197. 
 
 An eminent modern authority, referring to Professor Play- 
 fair's abstract in his Prelim. Dissert, to Encyc. Brit. of 
 the second book of Bacon's Novum Organum, and the 
 commentator's illustrations from modern science, remarks : 
 
 "Sir John Herschel, in his admirable Discourse on Natural 
 Philosophy, has added a greater number from still more recent 
 discoveries, and has also furnished such a luminous development 
 of the difficulties of the Novum Organum as had been vainly 
 hoped for in former times." Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, 4th 
 ed., 1854, vol. ii. 412; see also same vol., 411, n., 442, n. 
 
 "This discourse, as a collection of important facts interesting 
 to every human being, is without a rival. The whole is a master 
 piece, that reflects the highest honour on the author, not less as 
 a philosopher than as a man." Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 See Lon. Quar. Rev., Ixxxviii. 374-407 ; Ixxxv. 3. 
 " Sir John Herschel is eminently qualified for this task, being 
 a distinguished example of a person possessing a profound and 
 complete knowledge of almost every branch of physics." Lon. 
 Quar. Rev. 
 
 2. A Treatise on Astronomy, 1833, 12mo ; vol. xliii. of 
 Lardner's Cyc. 
 
 " We recommend it to the attention of everybody who wishes to 
 become acquainted with the sublime truths of astronomy, with 
 out having his ; mind harassed by the technical details which 
 render almost all othr works of the kind repulsive to the general 
 reader." Lon. Quar. Rev. See Edin. Rev., Iviii. 164-198. 
 
 3. A Treatise on Physical Astronomy, 4to. 4. Results 
 of Astronomical Observations made during the years 
 1834, '35, '36, '37, '38, at the Cape of Good Hope ; being 
 the completion of a Telescopic Survey of the whole Surface 
 of the Visible Heavens, commenced in 1825, 4to, 1847. 
 
 " The work whose title we have placed at the head of this article 
 rms the record of the completion of the greatest astronomical 
 enterprise that was ever undertaken by the members of one 
 family. It was begun about seventy years ago, by Sir William 
 Herschel, the father, assisted by his sister Caroline and his brother 
 Alexander, and continued by him, with little or no interruption, 
 almost down to the close of a very long life. ... In 1825 it was 
 resumed by his son." Edin. Rev., Ixxxviii. 104-143. 
 
 Read this valuable paper; also articles in Lon. Quar. 
 Rev., Ixxxv. 1-31 N. Brit. Rev., viii. 263, (same art. in 
 Liv. Age, xvi. 577-596 ;) Amer. Jour, of Sci., 2d Ser., v. 86. 
 
 5. Outlines of Astronomy, 1849, 8vo. This maybe con 
 sidered an enlarged ed. of No. 2. 5th ed., thoroughly re 
 vised and corrected to the existing state of astronomical 
 science, 1858, 8vo. See Lon. Quar. Rev., Ixxxv. 3, 31 ; 
 Church of Eng. Quar. Rev. ; Lon. Evangel. Rev. ; Lon. 
 Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxvi. 576 ; Bost. Chris. Exam., xlvii. 
 268 ; Lon. Athenaeum, May 26, 1849 ; Lon. Examiner, 
 May 19, 1849. 
 
 "We take our leave of this remarkable work, which we hold to 
 be, beyond a doubt, the most remarkable of the works in which 
 the laws of astronomy and the appearances of the heavens are 
 described to those who are not mathematicians nor observers, and 
 recalled to those who are. ... It is the reward of men who can 
 descend from the advancement of knowledge to care for its diffu 
 sion, that their works are essential to all, that they become the 
 manuals of the proficient as well as the text-books of the learner." 
 Lon. Athenaum, ubi supra. 
 
 6. A Manual of Scientific Enquiry, 1849, p. 8vo ; 2d 
 ed., 1851, p. 8vo. Edited by Sir John F. W. Herschel. 
 Pub. by Authority of the Lords-Commissioners of the 
 Admiralty. Prepared for the use of H. M. Navy, and 
 for travellers in general. The treatises in this vol. which 
 are by the editor, Sir W. J. Hooker, Sir H. De La Beche, 
 Lt.-Col. Sabine, Drs. Whewell, Pritchard, and Bryson, 
 and Messrs. Airy, Beechey, Hamilton, Darwin, Mallet, 
 Birt, Owen, and Porter were drawn up at the request of 
 the late Lord Auckland, in accordance with a memorandum 
 by the Lords of the Admiralty. It may well be believed 
 that such a volume is literally invaluable. 
 
 "The reader has the pith of the matter by the shortest cut, and 
 pretty much as a professional pupil would be taught by a practical 
 man. He is told to do the easiest things, and how to do them ; 
 and, what mi^ht not always be gotten from a practical man, indi 
 cations are often given of the principles of the science, and the 
 best elementary books are pointed out. A Manual of Scientific 
 Enquiry will not only be found an admirable book for its express 
 object, but may be used advantageously by all travellers, and pe 
 rused with interest at home." Lon. Spectator. See also Lon. M. 
 Herald, 1849. 
 
 7. Essays from the Edinburgh and Quarterly Reviews, 
 with Addresses and other Pieces, 1857, 8vo. 
 
 Great as are the obligations of the world to Sir John 
 Herschel, the public are not willing to abandon the hope 
 of further illustrations of the noble science of which he 
 is so erudite a professor. To adopt the language of an 
 ardent admirer of his works, 
 
 " If his day of laborious observation be over, we trust that of 
 thought and speculation will continue." Lon. Athen., ubi supra. 
 
 Herschel, Sir William, LL.D., 1738-1822, one of 
 the most illustrious of astronomers, was a native of Hano 
 ver, the son of a musician, who educated his five sons to 
 the same profession. At the age of fourteen William was 
 placed in the band of the Hanoverian Foot Guards ; but, 
 dissatisfied with this humble position, he determined to 
 try his fortune in England, where he arrived about the 
 end of 1757. Whilst busily employed as a teacher of 
 music, he yet found leisure for the prosecution of his stu 
 dies in mathematics, and especially in astronomy, for 
 which science he entertained an enthusiastic attachment. 
 Having succeeded, after many trials, in making a number 
 of excellent telescopes, he commenced his observations in 
 1776, and continued them with unwearied zeal. At length, 
 in 1781, he discovered what he at first thought a comet, 
 but what proved to be a new planet, the Georgium Sidus, 
 now called Uranus, from its being next to Saturn. For a 
 detailed account of the results of his observations which 
 were continued until within a few months of his death 
 we must refer the reader to the list of his papers in Phil. 
 Trans., 1780-1820; contrib. to Nich. Jour, and to Trans. 
 Astron. Soc. ; Arago's account of Herschel in the Annuaire, 
 1842 ; Annual Biography, Lon., 1823 ; Gent. Mag., Sept. 
 1822; Chambers's Journal; For. Quar. Rev., xxxi. 438; 
 Edin. Philos. Jour., April, 1823 ; Edin. Encyc., art. As 
 tronomy; Edin. Rev., i. 426; Niles's (Bait.) Reg., ii. 154; 
 N. Y. Eclec. Mus., ii. 556. See also HERSCHEL, CAROLINE 
 LUCRETIA ; HERSCHEL, SIR JOHN FREDERICK WILLIAM. 
 
 In 1786 Herschel received the degree of D.C.L. from 
 the University of Oxford; in 1816 he was knighted, and 
 in 1820 elected the first President of the Astronomical 
 Society. 
 
 " As an astronomer he was surpassed by no one of the present 
 
HER 
 
 age; and the depth of his scientific research and extent of his ob 
 servations rendered him perhaps second only to the immortal 
 Newton." Lon. Gent. Mag., ubi supra. 
 
 But we must not forget to quote the eloquent tribute of 
 the historian of modern Europe to the merits of the illus 
 trious subject of our notice : 
 
 " Herschel, by multiplying with incredible labour and skill the 
 powers of the telescope, was enabled to look further into space 
 than man had ever done before, discover a world hitherto unseen 
 in the firmament, and, in the Georgium Sidus, add a ' new string 
 to the lyre of heaven.' " Alison's Hist, of Europe, 1815-52, chap. v. 
 
 Herschell, Philip. Strictures on the past Hist, of 
 the Jews, and on the future Prospects of that People, Lon., 
 1831, 12mo. 
 
 Herschell, Ridley H. 1. Sketch of the Present 
 State and Future Expectations of the Jews, 1833, Lon. ; 
 4th ed., 1837, 18mo. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 1255. 
 2. Reasons why I, a Jew, have become a Catholic, and 
 not a Roman Catholic, Lon., 1842, 8vo. 
 
 Herser, T. Poems, Rural and Domestic, 1812, 8yo. 
 
 Hertell, Thomas. The Demurrer; or, Proofs of 
 Error in the Decisions of the Supreme Ct. of N. York, N. 
 York, 8vo. 
 
 Hertford, Marquis of. See SEYMOUR, WILLIAM. 
 
 Hertslet, Lewis. Treaties, Ac. between G. Brit, 
 and Foreign Powers, Lon., 1820-51, 8 vols. 8vo. A work 
 of great value, compiled from authentic documents. 
 
 Herty, Thomas. 1. Digest of the Laws of Mary 
 land to Nov. 1797, Bait., 1799, 8vo. 2. Digest of the Laws 
 of the U. States, 1789-99, 8vo, 1800. 
 
 Herve, Peter. 1. How to enjoy Paris, 1816, 2 vols. 
 2. The New Picture of Paris, Lon., 1829, 12mo. 
 
 Hervey, Mrs., of Aiton. 1. The Mourtray Family; 
 a Nov., Lon., 1810 ; 3d ed., 1813, 4 vols. 2. Anabel, 1813, 
 4 vols. 12mo. 3. Auberry Stanhope, 1815, 3 vols. 
 
 Hervey, Lord Arthur, Rector of Ickworth, and Cu 
 rate of Horringer. 1. Serms. for the Sundays and Principal 
 Holydays throughout the Year, Lon., 1851, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " They are plain and unaffected productions, intended for rural 
 congregations, and well adapted to them." Lon. Guardian. 
 
 2. The Genealogies of our Lord and Saviour Jesus 
 Christ, Camb., 1853, 8vo. 
 
 " The production of a thorough scholar." Brit. Quar. Rev. 
 " A valuable storehouse of information on this important sub 
 ject." Jour, of Sacred Lit. 
 
 3. The Inspiration of Holy Scripture : 5 Serms. preached 
 before the University, Dec. 1855, 8vo, 1856. 
 
 Hervey, Christopher. Letters from Portugal, Spain, 
 Italy, and Germany, in 1759-61, Lon., 1785, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Hervey, Mrs. Eleonora Louisa. See HERVEY, 
 MRS. THOMAS KIBBLE. 
 
 Hervey, Frederic. 1. The Naval Hist, of G. Britain, 
 Lon., 1779, 8vo. This work does not occupy a high rank. 
 2. Geography, 1785, fol. 
 
 Hervey, George Winfred. 1. The Principles of 
 Courtesy, N. York, 1852, 12mo. 2. Rhetoric of Conversa 
 tion, 1853, 12mo. 
 
 "In this volume, by an American writer, will be found much 
 sensible and entertaining counsel, and illustrations historical and 
 biographical." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 See Lon. Athenaeum, 1854, p. 405. 
 
 Hervey, J. The Castle of Tynemouth, 1806, 2 vols. 
 
 Hervey, James, 1713-14-1758, a profound scholar 
 and exemplary divine, a native of Hardingstone, was edu 
 cated at Lincoln College, Oxford; Curate of Dummer, 
 Hampshire, about 1736; obtained the livings of Weston- 
 Favel and Collingtree about 1752. Mr. Hervey pub. many 
 occasional serms., and several works, of which the follow 
 ing are the best-known : 1. Meditations and Contempla 
 tions : vol. i., containing Meditations among the Tombs; 
 Reflections on a Flower Garden ; and a Descant on Crea 
 tion, Lon., 1746, 8vo; vol. ii., containing Contemplations 
 on the Night and Starry Heavens, and a Winter Piece, 
 1747, 8vo. Many eds. Generally bound together, and 
 referred to as one work, under the title of Hervey's Medi 
 tations. Last ed., 1855, 12mo. In Blank Verse, by Thos. 
 Newcomb, 1757, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Hervey's Meditations, with the Pilgrim's Progress, the Duty 
 of Man, and the Bible, are commonly seen together on a shelf in 
 the cottages in England." 
 
 The style of the Meditations is highly poetical, and 
 abounds in imagery not always of the most classical de 
 scription ; but this floridity, which displeased the critics, 
 enchanted the multitude. Southey remarks that the work is 
 
 " Not more laudable in its purport than vicious in its style, and, 
 therefore, one of the most popular that ever was written." 
 
 Another critic remarks : 
 
 "I cannot help thinking that it reflects more honour on the 
 religious turn and good dispositions of the present age, than on 
 the public taste, that Mr. Hervey's Meditations have had so great 
 a currency. The pious and benevolent heart which is always dis- 
 
 HER 
 
 played in them, and the lively fancy which, on some occasions, 
 appears, justly merited applause ; but the perpetual glitter of ex 
 pression, the swoln imagery and strained description which abound 
 in them, are ornaments of a false kind. I would, therefore, ad 
 vise students of oratory to imitate Mr. Hervey's piety rather than 
 his style ; and, in all compositions of a serious kind, to turn their 
 attention, as Mr. Pope says, ' from sounds to things, from fancy to 
 the heart.'" Blair's Lects. on Rhet. and Belles-Lettres. 
 
 " Prosaic verse, everybody knows, is what anybody may write 
 and nobody will endure ; nor, in a polite age, can it, under any 
 circumstances, be rendered attractive. But poetical prose, though 
 the dullest, heaviest, clumsiest kind of literature, has, in some 
 notorious instances, found more favour. . . . Some works of this 
 description, however, have been extensively read in our refractory 
 language; bat their day is gone by. The pious sentiments of 
 Hervey's Meditations recommended the fantastic style in which 
 they were disguised to multitudes, who persuaded themselves 
 that they were pleased because they supposed that, in such a 
 case, they ought to be, with fine words and so many of them." 
 Montgomery's Lects. on General Lit., Poetry, <&c. 
 
 And see extract from Williams's Christian Preacher, at 
 conclusion of this article. 
 
 " To attempt to describe all the beauties and perfections of his 
 CONTEMPLATIONS and DIALOGUES would be as vain as to try to paint 
 the beams of the sun in its meridian glory." Dr. Rylances Cotton 
 Matter. 
 
 2. Remarks on Bolingbroke's Letters on History, 1753, 
 8vo. 3. Theron and Apasio; or, A Series of Dialogues 
 and Letters on the most Important Subjects, Lon., 1753- 
 55, 3 vols. 8vo. Many eds. New eds., 2 vols. 18mo ; 2 
 vols. 8vo ; 1 vol. 8vo; 1837, 1 vol. 8vo, pp. 690 : see No. 6, 
 post. This work advocates very strenuously the doctrine 
 of the imputed righteousness of Christ, and in consequence 
 thereof it was attacked by a number of writers. See 
 Robert Sandeman's Letters on Theron and Aspasio, 4th 
 ed., 1768, 2 vols. 8vo, where will be found an account of 
 the progress of the controversy and of the principal pieces 
 that were written against Theron and Aspasio; list of 
 works on the subject in Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 760-761 j 
 authorities cited below. 
 
 4. VIII. Serms., Oxf., 1759, 12mo. 5. Hervey's Letters; 
 with an Account of his Life and Death, 1760, Lon., 2 vols. 
 12mo ; Berwick, 1770, 8vo. 6. XI. Letters to John Wesley, 
 in answer to his Remarks on Theron and Aspasio: from 
 the author's MS. ; pub. by his brother, W. Hervey, Lon., 
 1764, 8vo. These Letters will be found in Tegg's ed. of 
 Theron and Aspasio, 1837, 8vo, and perhaps in other eds. 
 
 "In his letters to Wesley you have a most glorious and divine 
 exposition of some striking passages." DR. RYLAND. 
 
 7. Letters to Lady Shirley, 1782, 8vo, consists of 118 
 Letters, 1750-58. 8. Collected Works, ("genuine edition," 
 containing the above works, and others,) Newcastle, 1806, 
 6 vols. 8vo. This ed. was pub. by Messrs. Rivington, whose 
 predecessor pub. all of Hervey's works. Works, 1769, 6 
 vols. 8vo; 1790, 9 vols. cr. 8vo; 1797, 7 vdls. 8vo. 9. 
 Letters, Elegant, Interesting and Evangelical, Lon., 1811, 
 8vo. This may be considered as a 7th vol. of his Works. 
 Hervey wrote a Preface for Burnham's Memorials of Pious 
 Women, 1753, 8vo, (see p. 30 of this Dictionary,) and edited, 
 with a Preface, an ed. of Jenks's Meditations, 1757. See 
 Life of Hervey, prefixed to his Letters and to his Works ; 
 Beauties of Hervey, with his Life, 1782, 12mo; Dr. Ry- 
 land's Character and Letters of Hervey, 1791, 8vo; (very 
 scarce, Dr. Ryland's son having bought all the copies he 
 could procure, and destroyed them : copies have brought 
 two guineas for libraries ;) Life and Character of Hervey, 
 by John Brown, 1822, 8vo; Herveiana, or graphic and 
 literary Sketches of the Life and Writings of the Rev. 
 James Hervey, Scarbro', 1822, 12mo; Bickersteth's Chris 
 tian Student, 4th ed., Lon., 1844, fp. 8vo ; Jamieson's Cyc. 
 of Mod. Relig. Biog., 1853, p. 8vo. 
 
 "In Hervey's works are displayed a firm faith in the divine tes 
 timony, and strong traits of benevolence, in a style too rich and 
 ornamental : he, therefore, may be read to great profit, in order to 
 strengthen our faith in the promises, to raise our affections towards 
 heaven, and even to improve our style, when that verges to the 
 contrary extreme of poverty, whether of expression, description, 
 or figurative language; but a rich fancy without a critical judg 
 ment should beware of Hervey as a model." Williams's Christian 
 Preacher. 
 
 The reader will be pleased to have Hervey's own esti 
 mate of his abilities : 
 
 " My friend," said he to Dr. Ryland, "I have not a strong mind; 
 I have not powers fitted for arduous researches ; but I think I 
 have a power of writing iu somewhat of a striking manner, so far 
 as to please mankind and recommend my dear Redeemer." 
 
 He tells us that the first book which gave him "a clear 
 light and understanding of the Gospel" was J. L. Zimmer 
 man's Excellency of the Knowledge of Jesus Christ: "it 
 is enriched with deep religious experience, and was his 
 bosom companion." Trans, by Moses Browne, Lon., 1772, 
 12mo. 
 
 Hervey, John, Lord Hervey, of Ickworth, 1696-1743, 
 indecently attacked, by the name of "Sporus," by Pope, 
 
HER 
 
 HET 
 
 in the Prologue to the Satires, contributed to Middleton's 
 Life of Cicero the translations from that author, wrote 
 some of the best political pamphlets in defence of Sir 
 Robert Walpole, a number of poetical pieces, and some 
 miscellaneous compositions, for a list of which see Park's 
 Walpole's R. & N. Authors. Also consult Brydges's Col- 
 lin's Peerage; Bowles's Pope; Coxe's Memoirs of Walpole; 
 Swift's Works. The Letters between Lord Hervey and Dr. 
 Middleton concerning the Roman Senate were pub. from 
 the original MSS., by Thomas Knowles, D.D., in 1778, 4to. 
 The best of his lordship's poetical effusions are in Dodsley's 
 Collection. There appeared in 1848, 2 vols. 8vo, edited by 
 the Rt. Hon. J. W. Croker, from the family archives at 
 Ickworth, Lord Hervey's Memoirs of the Court of George 
 the Second and Queen Caroline. New ed., 1854, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " I kuow of no such near and intimate picture of the interior 
 of a court. No other Memoirs that I have ever read bring us so 
 immediately, so actually, into not merely the presence, but the 
 company, of the personages of the royal circle. 
 
 " Lord Hervey is, I may venture to say, almost the Boswell of 
 George II. and Queen Caroline." Editor's Preface. 
 
 " These volumes are, in every sense of the word, the greatest 
 accession to our English historical literature of a recent period 
 made since the publication of PEPYS'S DIARY and WALPOLE'S ME 
 MOIRS. The style, if we forgive a certain antithesis of manner, 
 is good the observations are from the fountain-head the cha 
 racters are remarkably well drawn and the matter is curiously 
 confirmatory of Walpole's Reminiscences, Letters, and Memoirs. 
 
 " The Editor's notes are just what notes should be, short,useful, 
 generally accurate, and always to the point." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 See also Lon. Quar. Rev., Ixxxii. 272; Edin. Rev., 
 Ixxxviii. 254; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxiv. 184; Eraser's 
 Mag., xxxvii. 665. 
 
 Hervey, Lady Mary, wife of the preceding, and 
 daughter of Brigadier-General Nicholas Leppell, is often 
 mentioned in Pope's and Horace Walpole's Works, and 
 always with praise. Her Letters were pub., Lon., 1821, 8vo. 
 They contain notices and anecdotes of Lords Chesterfield, 
 Orford, Mulgrave, Stair, Ac. ; also of a number of ambas 
 sadors, divines, authors, Ac. of the day. 
 
 Hervey, Hon. Thomas. 1. Letter to Sir T. Han- 
 mer, Lon., 1741, 8vo. 2. Lett, to the Rev. Sir W. Bunbury, 
 1741, 8vo. 3. Lett, to Wm. Pitt, 1746, 8vo. 
 
 Hervey, Rev. Thomas. Elementa Christiana; the 
 XXXIX. Articles proved to be agreeable to the Word of 
 God, Kendall, 1791, 12mo. 
 
 "An evangelical exposition of the Articles." Bicker steWs C. S. 
 
 Hervey, Thomas Kibble, Editor of the Athenaeum 
 for about eight years, (prior to 1854,) b. in Manchester 
 England, 1804, has attained a considerable reputation for 
 poetical and critical abilities. After receiving his educa 
 tion at Oxford and Cambridge, he devoted some time to 
 legal studies, but soon abandoned Coke and Blackstone for 
 the more congenial pursuit of letters. We may be per 
 mitted to express our surprise that one who has written 
 with such success should have written so little. 
 
 1. Australia, and other Poems, Lon., 1824, 12mo. 
 
 " Where almost every line is beautiful, selection is difficult; anc 
 were we to indulge our admiration, by selecting every part of this 
 elegant poem which claims it, our extracts might subject us to the 
 charge of piracy." British Critic, Aug. 1824. 
 
 See also Metropolitan Review ; Critical Gazette ; New 
 Monthly Mag. ; Universal Review ; Literary Chronicle 
 Literary Gazette ; Somerset House Gazette. 
 
 2. The Poetical Sketch-Book, including a Third Edition 
 of Australia, 1829, p. 8vo. Many of the poems in this col 
 lection were originally pub. in the Annuals of the day. 
 
 "Floranthe. the most exquisite poem of its length almost *eve 
 written, opens the book. It is needless to make a selection from 
 what is already so popular." Literary Gazette, 1829, 360. 
 
 3. Illustrations of Modern Sculpture, with 18 Engravings 
 1832, fol. 
 
 " This charming work includes Baily's Eve at the Fountain, anc 
 Sleeping Nymph; Westmacott's Distressed Mother, and Happy 
 Mother; Chantrey's Sleeping Children; Canova's Dancing Girl 
 Venus, and Beneficence; Flaxman's Michael and Satan, and Mer 
 eury and Pandora; Thorwaldsen's Hebe, &c." 
 
 4. The English Helicon, 1841, p. 8vo. 5. The Book of 
 Christmas. 
 
 " Every leaf of this book affords a feast worthy of the season." 
 Dr. Hawks's (New York) Church Record. 
 
 Mr. Hervey is also the author of a satirical poem en 
 titled The Devil's Progress, and many popular pieces con 
 tributed to the pages of Friendship's Offering, (for some 
 time edited by Mr. H.,) The Literary Souvenir, Ac. See 
 Blackwood's Magazine, xvii. 98-99, xix. 88-89 ; Men of 
 the Time, Lon., 1856. 
 
 "The genius of T. K. Hervey (for he has genius at once patheti 
 and refined) is not unallied to that of Pringle and Watts, but witL 
 a dash of Thomas Moore. He writes uniformly with taste and 
 elaboration, polishing the careless and rejecting the crude; and, 
 had he addressed himself more earnestly and unreservedly to the 
 task of composition, I have little doubt, from several specimens 
 836 
 
 e has occasionally exhibited, that he mi<*ht have occupied a higher 
 nd more distinguished place in our poetical literature than he can 
 >e said to have attained. His Australia, and several of his lyrics, 
 were juvenile pledges of future excellence which maturity can 
 carcely be said to have fully redeemed." Moir's Poet. Lit. of the 
 Past Half-Century. 
 
 Hervey, Mrs. Thomas Kibble, married in 1843 
 
 o the preceding, previously known as Miss Eleonora 
 
 Louisa Montagu, was b. in 1811, at Liverpool, and is 
 
 daughter of George Conway Montagu, Esq., of Lack- 
 
 lam, Wilts, a member of a collateral branch of the family 
 
 f the Dukes of Manchester. Miss Montagu acquired 
 
 celebrity at an early age by her poetical contributions to 
 
 ,he Annuals and other periodicals. In 1839 she pub. The 
 
 landgrave, a Dramatic Poem, and since her marriage has 
 
 _iven to the world .Margaret Russell, an Autobiography, 
 
 1849, fp. Svo ; The Double Claim, 1849, sq., 1853; The 
 
 Pathway of the Fawn, 1851, sq., 1852; (see Athenaeum, 
 
 No. 1262;) Juvenile Calendar and Zodiac of Flowers; 
 
 with twelve Illustrations of the Month, by Richard Doyle ; 
 
 new ed., 1855, 16mo. 
 
 " One of the most charming gift-books for the young which w*3 
 aave ever met with." Non-conformist. 
 
 " Never has the graceful pencil of Mr. Doyle been more grace- 
 ully employed than in sketching the charming illustrations of 
 this charming volume." London Sun. 
 
 Heselrige, Sir Arthur, M.P., d. 1660, a Parlia 
 mentary commander. 1. Lett, concerning the Revolt and 
 Recovery of Tinmouth Castle, Lon., 1648, 4to. 2. Lett. 
 to W. Lenthal concerning a great Victory obtained by the 
 Parliament Forces in Northumberland, fol., 1648. 
 
 Hesketh, Henry, D.D., Rector of Charlewood, Sur 
 rey. Serins., 1678-99. 
 
 Heskith, Thomas. Serms., 1699-1703. 
 Heskyns, Thomas, D.D. The Parliament of 
 Chryste, <fcc. against M. Juell Brux, 1565, fol.; Antw., 
 1566, fol. This answer to Juell on the Eucharist was 
 replied to by Dr. Fulke. 
 
 Heselden, W. S. Sails for Windmills, 1807, Svo. 
 Heslop, Luke, D.D., Archdeacon of Bucks, and 
 Rector of Bothal, Northumberland, pub. two Serms. and 
 a Charge, 1807, 8vo, and some treatises on agriculture, 
 <fcc., 1798-1805. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Donaldson's 
 Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Hesse, E. Vocabulary of German, Lon., 1794, 12tno. 
 Hesse, Robert. Exhortation to the Sick, Lon., 
 1566, Svo. 
 
 Hessel, John, 1814-1838, a Methodist minister. 
 Memoirs of, from his Journal and Correspondence, by the 
 Rev. Joshua Priestley, Lon., 1841, 12mo. 
 
 Hessey, James Augustus, D.C.L., Preacher to 
 the Hon. Society of Gray's Inn, and Head- Master of 
 Merchant Taylors' School, has pub. Schema Rhetorica, 
 Oxf., 1845, fol., a number of serms., Ac. See Darling's 
 Cyc. Bibl., vol. i. 1453. 
 
 Hester, John, Surgeon, London, pub. trans, of seve 
 ral medical works. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Hcth, or Hett, Thomas. Confutation of an As 
 tronomical Discourse, <fcc., Lon., Svo. Written in answer 
 to John Harvey. 
 
 Hetherington, William M., D.D., minister of 
 Free St. Paul's Church, Edinburgh, formerly minister ,of 
 Torphichen. 1. Twelve Dramatic Sketches, p. Svo. : see 
 Blackwood's Mag., xxx. 250. 2. Roman History; re 
 printed from the 7th ed. Encyc. Brit., 1839, r. 12mo ; 
 with Topography and Statistics of Modern Rome, by Rev. 
 J. Taylor. New ed., 1852, 12mo. Highly commended. 
 3. The Fulness of Time, 8vo, 
 
 "Mr. Hetherington's very original and able treatise on the 
 Fulness of Time." Southey's Doctor. 
 
 "The learned, argumentative, and eloquent work of the Rev. 
 W. M. Hetherington on the Fulness of Time." DR. DUFF : on 
 India. 
 
 See also The Christian Instructor, Presbyterian Review, 
 Evangelical Mag. 
 
 4. Hist, of the Church of Scotland, 1841, Svo ; 3d ed. 
 (1843, Svo) carries the history to the period of the dis 
 ruption, 1843 ; people's ed., 1848, r. Svo. New ed., 1853, 
 2 vols. Svo. See Bickersteth's C. S. 5. Hist, of the 
 Westminster Assembly of Divines, 1843, fp. Svo. See 
 Bickersteth, ubi supra. 6. The Minister's Family ; new 
 ed., 1847, 12mo; 5th ed., 1851, 12mo. Highly commended 
 by the Christian Ladies' Magazine, Edin. Advertiser, The 
 Christian Instructor, Presbyterian Review. 
 
 We should not forget to acknowledge our obligations to 
 Dr. Hetherington for his memoir of Wilson, the ornitho 
 logist, in Constable's Miscellany; see Blackwood's Mag., 
 xxx. 250. 
 
 Hetley, Sir Thomas, Serjeant-at-Law. Reports in 
 Common Pleas, 3 Car. I.-8 Car. I., 1627-32, Lon., 1657, 
 
IIET 
 
 HEX 
 
 fol. See Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 384, and authorities there 
 cited; Wallace's Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 196-197. 
 
 " Sir Thomas Hetley's Reports are profitable for reading, he 
 being one set apart for that purpose." 
 
 Hett, Thomas. See HETH. 
 
 Hett, Wm. Serms., <fec., 1793-1818. 
 
 Ileude, Lieut. Wm. A Voyage up the Persian 
 Gulf, and a Journey from India to England, in 1817, Lon., 
 1819, 8vo. 
 
 Heugh, Hugh. 1. Serm., 1826, Svo. 2. State of 
 Religion in Geneva and Belgium, 1844, 12mo. 3. Life 
 and Select Works, by Macgill, 1850, 2 vols. 8vo ; 2d ed., 
 1852, 2 vols. sm. 8vo. 
 
 Heurtley, Charles, Rector of Fenny-Compton, War 
 wickshire, and Honorary Canon of Worcester Cathedral. 
 
 1. Plain Words about Prayer; new ed., 1835, 8vo, pp. 52. 
 
 2. Serms. before the Univ. of Oxford, 1836-37, 8vo, 1837. 
 
 3. Four Serms. on Union, 1842, 8vo. Reviewed in British 
 Critic, xxxi. 428. 4. Eight Serms. on Justification; 
 Bampton Lects., 1845, 8vo, 1846. 5. Parochial Serms. : 1st 
 Ser., 1849, 12mo, 2d ed., 1851, 12mo ; 2d Ser., 1850, 12mo; 
 3d Ser., 1852, 12mo. 
 
 Hewardine, Wm. Hilaria; or, the Festive Board, 
 1798. 
 
 Hewat, Peter, one of the ministers of Edinburgh. 
 Three Excellent Points of the Christian Doctrine, Edin., 
 1621, 4to. 
 
 Hewatt, Alexander, D.D. 1. Hist. Acct. of the 
 Rise and Progress of the Colonies of S. Carolina and 
 Georgia, Lon., 1779, 2 vols. 2. Serms., Lon., 1803-05, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Hewerdine, Francis. Evil Courses, Lon., 1707, 
 12ino. 
 
 Hewerdine, Thomas, Rector of Abington. 1. In 
 fant Baptism, Lon., 1699, 8vo. 2. Serm., 1711, 8vo. 3. 
 The C. Prayer-Book no Mass-Book, 1718, 8vo. 
 
 Hewes, Rev. F. Trans, of the Satires of A. Per- 
 sius Flaccus, 1809, 8vo. 
 
 Hewes, Lewes. Book of C. Prayer, 1640, 4to. 
 
 Hewetson, Capt. Wm. B., R.A. 1. The Blind 
 Boy ; a Melo-Drama, 1808, 8vo. 2. William Tell ; from 
 the French of Florian, 1809, 12mo. 3. The Fallen Minis 
 ter, and other Tales; from the German of Spiess, 1809, 
 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Hewett, Thomas. Two Serms., 1816. 
 
 Hewgill, Edwin. The Field Engineer; from the 
 German (4th ed.) of Tielke, Lon., 1789, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Hewit, Alexander, D.D. See HEWATT. 
 
 Hewit, S. A. New Work of Animals ; with 100 
 Plates, Lon., 1812, 4to, 6 6s. 
 
 Hewitson, Wm. C. 1. British Oology, 1837, 2 vols. 
 r. 8vo ; 1846, 2 vols. r. 8vo. Supp., r. 8vo. See Edin. Rev., 
 April, 1843, 472. 2. Illustrations of the Eggs of British 
 Birds, 2 vols. 8vo. New ed., 1853, &c. This work com 
 prises a new ed. of the British Oology, with the Supp. 
 3. Illustrations of Exotic Butterflies, 1 852-54, Ac. 
 
 Hewitt, J. 1. A Guide for Constables, Binning., 
 1779, 8vo. 2. Memoirs of Lady Wilbrihammon, alias 
 Mollineux, alias Irving, an Impostress, 4to. 
 
 Hewitt, John. Serms., Lon., 1655, 8vo. 
 
 Hewitt, John. 1. The Fair Rivals; a Trag., 1729, 
 8vo. 2. Fatal Falsehood ; a Trag., 1734, 8vo. 3. A Tutor 
 for the Beaus; a Com., 1737, 8vo. See B-iog. Drtimat. 
 
 Hewitt, John. Treatise upon Money, Coins, and 
 Exchanges, Lon., 1775, 8vo. 
 
 Hewitt, John. 1. London Tower; its History, Armo 
 ries, and Antiquities, Lon., 1841, 12mo. 2. A Chart of 
 Ancient Armour, llth to 17th Cent., 1847; in a large 
 sheet. 
 
 " A graphic outline of the subject of military costume during 
 the period of the greatest interest to the English Antiquary." 
 Lon. Archaeological Jour. 
 
 " A very useful and excellent deyice for showing at one view 
 the variety of fashion in the formation of armour from the llth 
 to the 17th centuries." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 3. Ancient Armour and Weapons in Europe to end of 
 13th Cent., 1855, 8vo. 
 
 Hewitt, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth, formerly Miss 
 Jane L. Moore, a native of Maiden, Massachusetts, 
 removed, about two years after her marriage to Mr. Hewitt, 
 to New York, where she has since resided. Her earlier 
 poems first appeared in the Knickerbocker and other 
 periodicals under the signature of "lone." In 1845 she 
 pub. a vol. of selections from her contributions to maga 
 zines, under the title of Songs of our Land, tfnd other 
 Poems. In 1850 she edited a gift-book called The Gem 
 of the Western World, and The Memorial, a tribute to the 
 memory of Mrs. Frances S. Osgood. She has also con 
 
 tributed a number of tales and sketches to the Odd-Fel- 
 ows' Offering, The Southern Literary Messenger, <fcc. At 
 present she is engaged upon a prose volume entitled The 
 Heroines of History. Mrs. Hewitt's poetical compositions 
 have elicited warm commendation from the critics, in evi 
 dence of which we must refer the reader to Griswold's 
 Female Poets of America ; May's American Female Poets ; 
 Hart's Female Prose Writers of America ; Mrs. Hale's 
 Woman's Record ; Poe's Literati, &c. ; Tuckerman's 
 Sketch of American Literature. We should not omit to 
 state that Mrs. Hewitt was recently married to Mr. Steb- 
 bins, of New York. Since the above was written, the vol. 
 entitled The Heroines of History has made its appearance, 
 (1856.) 
 
 Hewlett, Ebenezer. Miracles Real Evidences of 
 a Divine Revelation, Lon., 1741, 8vo. This is in answer 
 to Chubb and Fleming. 
 Hewlett, Mrs. Esther. See COPLEY. 
 Hewlett, J. G., D.D. 1. Thought upon Thought for 
 Young Men. New ed., 1851, 12mo. 
 
 " We should rejoice to find it in the hands of every young man 
 in the empire." Lon. Cliristian Examiner. 
 
 2. The Oracles Interpreted; or, Scripture Difficulties Ex 
 plained, 1852, 12mo. 3. Facts without Fiction, 1854, fp. 
 Hewlett, James P., Chaplain of Magdalen and New 
 Colleges, and Curate of St. Aldate's, Oxford. Serms. 
 adapted for Parochial and Domestic Use, Lon., 1821, Svo. 
 " We cordially recommend these sermons as evangelical, judi 
 cious, simple, and perspicuous, well calculated for village reading 
 and the purposes of domestic instruction." Lon. Investigator. 
 
 " There is perhaps no character more truly valuable and respect 
 able than that of a laborious and faithful Parish Priest, who, by 
 his doctrine, precept, and example, ' allures to brighter worlds and 
 leads the way.' Such was Mr. Hewlett." Lon. Evangelical Maga 
 zine. 
 
 Hewlett, John, Morning Preacher at the Foundling 
 Hospital, and Rector of Hilgay, pub. a number of occa 
 sional serms., educational works, Ac. 1. Serms., Lon., 
 1786-91, 2 vols. 8vo; 5th and last ed., 1825, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " His sermons are composed carefully ; he says nothing but whai 
 merits to be heard, but much, very much, that his hearers must 
 be anxious to treasure up for their own service." Pulpit, by 
 Onesimus. 
 
 2. The Holy Bible, with the Apocrypha and Notes, 1812, 
 3 vols. 4to. In 1816, (5 vols. 8vo,) an ed. of the Notes was 
 pub. without the text, entitled Commentaries and Disqui 
 sitions on the Holy Scriptures. See Home's Bibl. Bib. ; 
 Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 126-127 ; Brit. Critic, New Ser., Hi. 
 pp. 339 et seq. 3. Hist, of the Jews, 1813, 12mo. 4. The 
 Lord's Supper, 1815, Svo. Highly commended and often 
 reprinted. 
 
 Hewlings, A. Lett, to the Electors of Westminster^ 
 rel. to J. Home Tooke's Calumnies, 1807, Svo. 
 
 Hewnden, Anthony, Surgeon. Of a Tumour OB 
 the Neck, cured; Phil. Trans., 1706. 
 
 Hewson. 1. A Hymne to the gentle Craft; or, Hew- 
 son's Lamentation, 1 659, fol. 2. Hewson reduc'd ; or, the 
 Shoemaker return'd to his trade, 1661, 4to. 
 
 Hewson, Addinell, M.D., Surgeon to Wills Hospital 
 Philadelphia. Amer. ed. of Dr. W. Mackenzie's Practical 
 Treatise on Diseases and Injuries of the Eye, Phila., 1855 
 Svo, pp. 1028, with Plates and Cuts. From the4th enlarged 
 and revised Lon. ed., 1854, 2 vols. Svo. The value of thif 
 great work is well known to the profession. 
 
 Hewson, Thomas T., M.D., 1773-1848, son of th< 
 following, b. in London, for nearly fifty years an eminent 
 physician in Philadelphia; translated F. Swediaur's Treat, 
 on Syphilis, Phila., 1815, Svo. See obituary notice bj 
 Franklin Bache, M.D., Phila., 1850, Svo. 
 
 Hewson, William, M.D., 1739-1774, an eminenl 
 anatomist, a native of Hexham, died in consequence of 
 receiving a wound whilst dissecting a morbid body. 1 
 Experimental Inquiries into the Properties of the Blood: 
 in three Parts: 1. 1771, 12ino; (2d ed., 1772, 12mo;) 2 
 1774, Svo ; 3. 1776, Svo. See FALCONER, MAGNUS. Hit 
 papers, which were afterwards collected, were pub. in th< 
 23d, 24th, 25tb, and 28th vols. of Phil. Trans., 1768-73, 
 He also contrib. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1767; Med. Com., 
 1775. 
 
 Hewytt, John, D.D., Minister of St.-Gregory's-near- 
 St.- Paul's, London, beheaded on Tower Hill, 1658, for a 
 political conspiracy. 1. Nine Select Serms., Lon., 1658, 
 sm. Svo. 2. Repentance and Conversion the Fabrick of 
 Salvation, Ac. ; being several Serms., 1658, Svo. 
 
 Hexham, Henry. 1. A Tongue Combat between* 
 two English Souldiers, Lon., 1623, 4to. 
 
 In this singular work will be found many phrases currenl 
 among the common people at the commencement of the 17tl 
 C6Dtury.'* 
 
 2. Siege of the Busse, Ac., Delph., 1630, 12mo. 3. Tat 
 
HEY 
 
 ing in of Venlo, Ac., 1633, 4to. 4. Principles of the Art 
 Military, 1637, fol. ; Lon., 1640, fol. ; Delf. and Rotterd., 
 1642, fol. 5. English and Netherduytch Dictionary, Rotter., 
 1648, 4to. Enlarged, &c. by Dan. Manley, 1675, '78, 4to. 
 
 Hey, J. V. D. Observations Politiques et Morales, 
 Experimented snr les Vrais Principes de la Finance, Lon., 
 1784, 8vo. 
 
 Hey, John, D.D., 1734-1815, educated at Catherine 
 Hall, Cambridge; Fellow of Sidney College, 1758; became 
 Rector of Passenham, Northamptonshire, and Calverton, 
 Buckinghamshire, first Norrisian Professor of Divinity, 
 1780-95. He pub. a Seatonian Prize Poem, entitled An 
 Essay on Redemption, 1763, 4 to, Serms., 1773-1815, and 
 the following works, by which he is best known : 1. Lects. 
 in Divinity delivered in the TJniv. of Cambridge, Camb., 
 1796, 4 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1822, 4 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., edited 
 by Turton, 1841, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "Cannot be sufficiently admired for the various and extended 
 learning, the profound thought, the copious and correct diction, 
 th* calm discussion, for -which they are distinguished." Brit. 
 Critic. 
 
 "His manner struck me as stiff and perplexed at first; but this 
 wears off as I advance." Green's Diary of a Lover of Literature, 
 1810, 199-206. See Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 2. Discourses on the Malevolent Sentiments. Probably 
 printed 1801, 8vo. Pub. 1815. On Hatred, Envy, Malice, 
 and Resentment. 
 
 " It is entirely the result of a calm and Christian meditation, 
 enriched by much observation of human nature in all its various 
 workings, and aided by all the precision of mathematical reasoning." 
 British Critic. 
 
 3. General Observations on the Writings of St. Paul, 
 Buckingham, 1811, 8vo. 
 
 " It contains many pleasing remarks on the style and writings 
 of St. Paul." dome's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Bp. Kaye calls Dr. Hey " one of the most acute, impar 
 tial, and judicious divines of modern times." 
 
 Hey, John. On Zion's Trumpet, fcc., 1801, 8vo. 
 
 Hey, Richard, LL.D., Barrister-at-law, Fellow of 
 Sidney, Sussex, and Magdalen Colleges, Cambridge, brother 
 to Dr. John Hey, preceding, pub. The Captive Monarch, a 
 Tragedy, 1794, 8vo, Edington, a Novel, 1796, 2 vols. 12mo, 
 and some political and other treatises. 1. Civil Liberty 
 and the Principles of Government, Lon., 1776, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Key's observations are generally delivered in the candid, 
 liberal style of a gentleman, and many of them deserve particular 
 attention/' Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, i. 235. 
 
 2. Three Disserts, on the Pernicious Effects of Gaming, 
 Duelling, and on Suicide, 1812, 8vo. Pub. separately, 
 1783, '84, '85. 3. Happiness and Rights ; in answer to 
 Paine's Rights of Man, 1792, 8vo. Abridged, 1792, 12mo. 
 
 "Mr. Hey's professed object is, with Mr. Burke, to overturn the 
 doctrine of natural rights." ROBEKT HALL, who reviews this work 
 at large: see Hall's Works, ed. 1853, iii. 124-136. 
 
 Hey, W. Parish Registers, 1812. 
 
 Hey, William, Surgeon at Leeds, 1736-1819, pub. 
 profess, treatises, 1779-1803, and Tracts and Essays, Moral 
 and Theological, 1822, 8vo. 
 
 " The observations of a clear and vigorous mind on various im 
 portant topics." Bicker steth's C. S. 
 
 See Life of Mr. Hey, by John Pearson, 1822, 8vo. New 
 ed., 2 vols. p. 8vo. A new ed. of Hey's Observations on 
 Surgery has been pub., (1 vol. 8vo,) and a collection of his 
 Professional Writings, 1 vol. 8vo. 
 
 Hey, William, Jr. A Treatise on the Puerperal 
 Fever, Lon., 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Hey, Mrs. William. 1. Moral of Flowers; new ed., 
 1849, sq. cr. 8vo. 
 
 " Full of exquisite poetry." BlackwoocPs Mag. 
 
 2. Sylvan Musings ; or, The Spirit of the Woods ; new 
 ed., Lon., 1849, sq. cr. 8vo. 
 
 " The two elegant volumes with which Mrs. William Hey has 
 fevoured the public are well fitted to lend grace and ornament to 
 that which is solid and useful." ion. Medical Gazette. 
 
 Heyden. See HEYDON. 
 
 Heydon, or Heyden, C., Jr. 1. Astrology Familiar 
 ized, Lon., 1786, 8vo. 2. The New Astrology, 1786, 8vo. 
 
 Heydon, or Heyden, Sir Christopher. 1. A De 
 fence of Judicial Astrology ; in answer to Mr. JohnChamber, 
 Camb., 1603, 4to. 
 
 " A work full of no common reading, and carried on with no 
 mean argument." Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Heydon's work was answered by Bishop Carleton ; and 
 Chamber wrote a rejoinder to Haydon, but did not live to 
 publish it. See CARLETON, GEORGE, D.D.; CHAMBER, JOHN. 
 
 2. An Astrological Discourse in Justification of the 
 Verity of Astrology, Lon., 1650, 8vo. See Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Heydon, or Heyden, John, M.D., pub. a number 
 of Rosicrucian and medical works, 1647-65. See Lowndes's 
 Bibl. Man., 92. 
 
 Heydon, John, D.D. Discourses, 1761, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 HEY 
 
 Heylin, or Heylyn, John, D.D., d. about 1760, 
 sometimes called The Mystic Doctor, was Preb. of 
 Westminster, and Rector of St. Mary-le- Strand. 1. Serm 
 1720, 8vo. 2. Serm., 1728, 8vo. 3. Theolog. Lects., with 
 an Interp. of the N. Test., 1749-61, 2 vols. 4to. The first 
 part treats of the four Gospels; the second part, of the 
 Epistles. 
 
 " The whole contains evident marks of solid judgment, critical 
 skill, and considerable learning." Lon. Month. Rev., 0..xxv.33. 
 
 4. XVII. Discourses, 1770, 12mo. 5. XL. Discourses, 
 1793, 2 vols. 8vo. See Blackwood's Mag., xxv. 595. 
 
 Heylin, or Heylyn, Peter, D.D., 1600-1662, a na 
 tive of Burford, Oxfordshire, was educated at Hart Hall, 
 and elected Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford ; Rector 
 of Hemmingford, Huntingdonshire, and Preb. of Westmin 
 ster, Oct. 1631, and shortly afterwards Rector of Houghton ; 
 deprived during the Rebellion, but reinstated in all his 
 ecclesiastical honours at the Restoration. Heylin pub. at 
 least thirty-seven works, theological, political, educa 
 tional, historical, <fcc. the most of which are now almost 
 entirely forgotten. Among the principal are 1. Micro- 
 cosmus ; or, Description of the World, Oxon., 1622, 4to ; 
 7th ed., improved, Ac. by Edmund Bohun, 1703, fol. 2. A 
 Help to English History, Lon., 1641, 4to. First pub. under 
 the name of Rob. Hall, Gent. After several eds. had ap 
 peared, it was pub., brought down to 1773, by P. Wright, 
 1773, 8vo. 3. Hist, of the Sabbath, 1636, 4to. 4. Hist, 
 of Episcopie, 1642, '57, 4to. First pub. under the name 
 of Theop. Churchman. 5. Hist, of the Reformation of the 
 Church of Scotland, 1644, '60, fol. 
 
 " A party writer, to be read with caution. He perverts and mis 
 represents." Bickersteth 's C. S. 
 
 6. Cyprianus Anglicus ; or, The Life and Death of Arch 
 bishop Laud, 1644, '68, '71, fol.; Dubl., 1719, fol. 7. Re 
 lation of Two Journies, the one into France, the other into 
 some of the adjacent Islands, Lon., 1656, 4to. 8. France 
 painted to the Life, 1657, 8vo. Anon. Falsely attributed 
 to Heylin : see Athen. Oxon. 9. Examen Historicum, 1658, 
 '59, 8vo. This is an attack upon histories by Thomas 
 Fuller and Wm. Sanderson : see FULLER, THOMAS, p. 644. 
 10. Discovery and Removal of the Stumbling-Block of 
 Disobedience and Rebellion, cunningly laid down in the 
 Subject's Way by Calvin, 1658, 4to. 11. Certamen Epis- 
 tolare, 1659, 8vo. 12. Declaration of the Judgment of the 
 Western Churches in five Controverted Points, reproached 
 in these late times by the name of Arminianism, 1660, 4to ; 
 1673, 8vo. This involved the author in a controversy with 
 some able writers. 13. Ecclesia Restaurata; or, The Hist, 
 of the Reformation of the Church of England, 1661, '70, '74, 
 fol. New ed., with Life of the Author by John Barnard, 
 D.D. Edited for the Eccles. Hist. Society by James C. 
 Robertson, Camb., 1819, 2 vols. 8vo. 14. Aerius Redi- 
 vivus ; or, The Hist, of the Presbyterians from 1536 to 1647, 
 Oxf., 1670, fol. ; Lon., 1672, fol. 
 
 " Heylin, in his history of the Puritans and the Presbyterians, 
 blackens them for political devils. He is the Spagnolet of history, 
 delighting himself with horrors at which the painter himself must 
 have started. He tells of their oppositions to monarchical and 
 episcopal government, their innovations in the church, and their 
 embroilments of the kingdom. The sword rages in their hands ; 
 treason, sacrilege, plunder; while 'more of the blood of English 
 men had poured like water within the space of four years, than 
 had been shed in the civil wars of York and Lancaster in four 
 centuries.' " Disraeli's Curiosities of Literature. 
 
 15. The Voyage of France; or, A Complete Journey 
 through France, [in 1625,] 1673, 8vo, 1679. 
 
 " This volume, however, we assure our readers, is of a most 
 amusing description, and indicative of great reading and acquire 
 ments for the age at which it was written. It is full of the effer 
 vescence of young life and animal spirits. The air of France seems 
 to have actually converted the author into a Frenchman, whose 
 vivacity, point, and badinage, he seems to have imbibed. The very 
 moment he touched the Gallic soil he cast away his canonicals, 
 and became the most facetious and joyous of good fellows, the 
 most lively of tourists." Lon. Retrosp. Rev., iii. 22-31, 1821. 
 
 16. Historical and Miscellaneous Tracts; collected by 
 the Rev. George Vernon, with an Account of the Author's 
 Life, 1681, fol. A New Life of Heylin, by his son-in-law, 
 John Barnard, D.D., 1682, 12mo. See BARNARD, JOHN, 
 p. 124; and for a particular account of the controversy 
 between Barnard and Vernon, see Disraeli's Curiosities of 
 Literature, article The Rival Biographers of Heylin. To 
 these Lives of Heylin, Blount's Censura Celebriorum, to 
 Athen. Oxon., and to Gent. Mag., vol. Ixxiv. 723, we refer 
 the reader for further particulars connected with our 
 author and his works. 
 
 " He was a person endowed with singular gifts, of a sharp and 
 pregnant wit, solid and clear judgment. In his younger years he 
 was accounted an excellent poet, but very conceited and prag 
 matical ; in his elder, a better historian, a noted preacher, and a 
 ready or extemppranean speaker." Atlien. Oxon. 
 
 As a politician, he had, 
 
HEY 
 
 "According to the current opinion of the age he lived in, too 
 high notions of regal power; led by the common mistake of the 
 term supreme magistrate, and not rightly distinguishing between 
 the legislature and the administration." SWIFT. 
 
 Heyne, Benjamin, M.D. 1. Tracts, Historical and j 
 Statistical, on India, an Acct. of Sumatra,<fec.,Lon.,1814,4to. i 
 " A work not so well known as from its information, particularly j 
 statistical, it deserves to be." Stevenson's Voyages and Travels. 
 
 2. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc., and Thorn. Ann. Philos., 
 1813. 
 
 Heynes, John. Serm., Lon., 1699, 4to. 
 Heynes, Matthew. Serms., 1701, both 4to. 
 Heynes, Samuel. Trigonometry, Lon., 1701, 8vo; 
 1716, 12mo. 
 
 Heyrick, John, Lieut., R.A., d. 1797, aged 35. 
 First Flights ; pieces in Verse, Lon., 1797, 4to. 
 
 Heyrick, Samuel. Visitation Serm., 1805, 8vo. 
 Heyrick, Thomas. Miscellany Poems, Camb., 1691, 
 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet, 370, 1 5s. 
 Heyricke, Richard. Serms., 1641, '46. . 
 Heyricke, Thomas. Serms., 1685, '97. 
 Heysham, John, M.D., of Carlisle. Profess, trea 
 tises, 1776-82. 
 
 Heythuren, J. Van. The Equity Draftsman, 1817, 
 8vo. 
 
 Heyward. Answer to Doleman's Conference concern 
 ing Succession, 1603, 4to. 
 
 Hey wood, or Hay wood, Mrs. Eliza, 1693 F-1756, 
 daughter of a London tradesman named Fowler, pub. a 
 number of loose novels, which gave her a place in the 
 Dunciad. Her late publications were of a less exception 
 able character. Among the best-known of these mis 
 chievous productions are The Secret History of the pre 
 sent Intrigues of the Court of Caramania, 2d ed., Lon., 
 1727, 8vo ; and The New Utopia. Her latter writings are 
 1. The Female Spectator, 4 vols. 2. Epistles for the La 
 dies, 2 vols. 3. Fortunate Foundling, 1 vol. 4. Adven 
 tures of Nature, 1 vol. 5. History of Betty Thoughtless, 
 4 vols. 6. Jenny and Jemmy Jessamy, 3 vols. 7. In 
 visible Spy, 2 vols. 8. Husband and Wife, 2 vols. 9. A 
 Present for a Servant Maid, pamphlet. The above are all 
 12mo. She wrote several other works, and some plays. 
 See Biog. Dramat.; The Tatler, with Notes; Bowles's ed. 
 of Pope ; Drake's Essays, vol. iv. 
 
 Heywood, Kills, d. about 1572, a son of John Hey- 
 wood, the dramatic poet, (post,) was elected Fellow of All- 
 Souls College in 1547, and subsequently became a Jesuit, 
 and died at Louvain. He wrote a book in Italian, entitled 
 II Moro, Florence, 1556, 8vo. 
 
 " Contains a discourse, fancied . to be in the house of Sir Tho. 
 More, sometime L. Chan, of England, and in consultation with 
 him." Athen. Oxon., q. v. 
 
 Wood thinks that he wrote some other works. 
 Heywood, James. Serm., Lon., 1756, 8vo. 
 Heywood, Jasper, 1535P-1598, Fellow of Merton 
 College, a son of John Heywood, the dramatic poet, (post,) 
 trans, into English three tragedies of Seneca, Thyestes, 
 1560, 12mo; Troas, 1560, 16mo, 1581, 4to; Hercules Fu- 
 rens, 1561, '81, 4to, and various Poems and Devices, some 
 of which are printed in The Paradise of Dainty Devices, 
 1573, 4to. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.; Warton's 
 Hist, of Eng. Poet. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Heywood, John, d. 1565, Court Jester, and one of 
 the earliest dramatic writers, a native of North Mims, 
 near St. Alban's, educated at Oxford, was a great favourite 
 with Henry VIII., and Queen Mary, his successor, on ac 
 count of " the mirth and quickness of his conceits." On 
 the death of Mary, fearing that his principles as a Roman 
 Catholic would invite persecution, he retired to Mechlin, 
 in Brabant, where he resided until his death. A collec 
 tion of his works was pub. in 1562, 4to ; also in 1556, '66, 
 '76, '87, 98, all 4to. His longest production is a poem 
 entitled The Spider and the Flie, 1556, 4to. This allego 
 rical work containing ninety-eight chapters in the octave 
 stanza is intended to vindicate the Roman Catholic ad 
 ministration, of which the author was an admirer. Queen 
 Mary is represented by the maid with her broom, (the civil 
 sword,) executing the commands of her master, (Christ,) 
 and her mistress, (the Church.) The Plies are the Roman 
 Catholics, and the Spiders are the Protestants. The au 
 thor has not made his illustrations very clear ; for Harrison 
 declares 
 
 " One hath made a booke of the SPIDER AND THE FLIE, wherein 
 he dealeth so profonndlie, and beyond all measure of skill, that 
 neither he himselfe that made it, neither anie one that readeth it, 
 can reach unto the meaning thereof." Description of Britaine ; 
 prefixed to HolinshecTs Chronicle. 
 
 As a poet Heywood does not seem to have been more 
 successful than as a theologian : 
 
 HEY 
 
 " Perhaps there never was so dull, so tedious and trifling an 
 apologue: without fancy, meaning, or moral." Warton's Hist, of 
 
 This vol. is very rare, and has been sold at high prices. 
 Of Heywood's poetical Dialogue, containing the number 
 in efiect of all the Proverbs in the English language, 
 (1547, 8vo,) and his three quarto pamphlets, containing 
 600 epigrams, there were numerous editions before the 
 year 1598, in which year appeared the last ed. of his 
 Works, 4to. None of his dramatic works, which are six 
 in number, extend beyond the limits of an interlude. 
 Their titles are : 1. A Play between Johan the husband, 
 Tyb the wife, and Sir Johan the priest, 1593, 4to. 2. A 
 merry Play between the Pardoner and the Friar, the 
 Curate and Neighbour Prat, 1593, 4to. 3. The Play 
 called The Four P. P. j a newe and a very merry Inter 
 lude of a Palmer, a Pardoner, a Potycary, and a Pedlar, 
 N. D. D. C., 4to. 4. A Play of Genteelness and Nobility, 
 N. D., Int., 4to. 5. A Play of Love, Int., 1533, 4to. 6. A 
 Play of the Weather, Int., 1553, 4to. 
 
 For particulars respecting Heywood and his works, see 
 Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. ; Gibber's Lives ; Phillips's 
 Theat. Poet.; Biog. Dramat.; Ellis's Specimens; Cen- 
 sura Lit., vols. iii., ix. ; Brit. Bibliog., vol. iii. ; Dodd's 
 Ch. Hist., vol. ii.; Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet; Chal 
 mers's Biog. Diet.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; Disraeli's 
 Amenities of Lit. 
 
 " His comedies, most of which appeared before the year 1534, 
 are destitute of plot, humour, or character, and give us no very 
 high opinion of the festivity of this agreeable companion. They 
 consist of low incident and the language of ribaldry. But per 
 fection must not be expected before its time. He is called our 
 first writer of comedies. But those who say this speak without 
 determinate ideas, and confound comedies with moralities and 
 interludes. We will allow that he is among the first of our "dra 
 matists who drove the Bible from the stage and introduced repre 
 sentations of familiar life and popular manners. . . . His Epigrams, 
 six hundred in number, are probably some of his jokes versified, 
 and perhaps were often extemporaneous sallies, made and repeated 
 in company. Wit and humour are ever found in proportion to the 
 progress of politeness. The miserable drolleries and the con 
 temptible quibbles with which these little pieces are pointed 
 indicate the great want of refinement, not only in the composi 
 tion, but in the conversation, of our ancestors. . . . Another of 
 Heywood's works is a poem in long verse, entitled A DIALOGUB 
 contayning in effect the number of al the PROVERBS in the English 
 tongue compact in a matter concerning tiuo marriages. . . . All the 
 proverbs of the English language are here interwoven into a very 
 silly comic tale." Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet. 
 
 "Of John Heywood, the favourite jester of Henry the Eighth 
 and bis daughter Mary, and the intimate of Sir Thomas More, 
 whose congenial humour may have mingled with his own, more 
 table-talk and promptness at reply have been handed down to us 
 than of any writer of the times. His quips, and quirks, and 
 quibbles, are of his age, but his copious pleasantry still enlivens; 
 these smoothed the brow of Henry, and relaxed the rigid muscles 
 of the melancholy Mary." Disraeli's Amenities of Literature. 
 
 Heywood, Nathaniel, 1633-1677, Minister at 
 Ormskirk, Lancashire, brother of Oliver Heywood, and 
 also a Non-conformist divine. Christ Displayed ; being a 
 series of Serms., 1679. Pub. by Oliver Heywood, his 
 brother, who also wrote his Life. See Oliver Heywood's 
 Works, ed. 1827, vol. i. 447. 
 
 Heywood, Oliver, 1629-1702, a Non-conformist 
 divine, a native of Bolton, Lancashire, admitted of Trin. 
 Coll., Camb., 1647; minister of Halifax, 1652; deprived 
 at the Restoration. He wrote a number of serms., Ac. 
 His treatise entitled Life in God's Favour was reprinted 
 by John Fawcett, D.D., who also wrote a Sketch of the 
 author's Life, 1798, 8vo. His Life, by Rev. J. Hunter, 
 was pub. in 1842, '44, 8vo ; and in 1827 (5 vols. 8vo) ap 
 peared (by Vint) his Whole Works now first collected, 
 j revised and arranged ; including some tracts exceedingly 
 rare, and others from unpublished MSS. 
 
 CONTENTS : Heart Treasure. Sure Mercies of David,- 
 Closet-Prayer, Intercession of Christ, Life in God's Fa 
 vour, Israel's Lamentation, Job's Appeal, Baptismal Bonds, 
 Family Altar, Best Entail, Heavenly Converse, New Crea 
 ture, The Two Worlds, Meetness for Heaven, Youth's 
 Monitor, Sermons, Ac. 
 
 Vol. i. contains Memoirs of Heywood, by the Rev. 
 Richard Slate, and revised by the editor of Mr. Hey 
 wood's works. 
 
 " Heywood's works are valuable in themselves, and are strongly 
 recommended by the most excellent character of the writer." 
 Williams' 's C. P. 
 
 Heywood, Samuel, Serjeant-at-Law. 1. Laws of 
 County Elections, Lon., 1790, 1818, 8vo. 2. Law of 
 Borough Elections, 1797, 8vo. 3. Vindic. of Mr. Fox'a 
 Hist, of James II., 1811, 4to. 
 
 " He [Serjeant Heywood] has not the talent of saying what he 
 has to say quickly ; nor is he aware that brevity is in writing 
 what charity is to all other virtues. Righteousness is worth no 
 thing without the one, nor authorship without the other. But 
 
HEY 
 
 HIB 
 
 whoever will forgive this little defect will find, in all his produc 
 tions, great learning, immaculate honesty, and the most scrupu 
 lous accuracy. "Whatever detections of Mr. Rose's inaccuracies 
 are made in this Review are to be entirely given to him : and we 
 confess ourselves quite astonished at the number and extent of 
 these inaccuracies." REV. SYDNEY SMITH: Edin. Rev., xviii 325- 
 343. 
 
 See our Life of Fox, CHARLES JAMES, in this Dictionary. 
 
 4. Dissert, upon the Distinctions in Society and Ranks 
 of the People under the Anglo-Saxon Government, 1818, 
 8vo. See Edin. Rev., Iv. 309. 
 
 Heywood, Thomas, an actor, dramatic poet, and 
 prose writer, temp. Elizabeth, James I., and Charles I, 
 was a native of Lincolnshire, and a Fellow of Peter House, 
 Cambridge. He tells us that there were no less than 220 
 plays in which he had " either an entire hand, or at the 
 least a main finger," (Pref. to the English Traveller;) 
 but of this large number only 23 have come down to us, 
 and of these The Late Lancashire Witches was written 
 in conjunction with R. Broome, and Fortune by Land 
 and Sea in conjunction with Wm. Rowley. For a list 
 of these plays and his other works, and criticisms upon a 
 number of them, we refer the reader to Langbaine's 
 Dramat. Poets ; Winstanley's English Poets ; Biog. Dra 
 mat. ; Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet. ; Censura Literaria, 
 vol. i. ; Brit. Bibliographer, vol. i. ; Restituta, vol. i. p. 
 240 ; Ellis's Specimens of Early English Poetry ; Lamb's 
 Specimens of Eng. Dramat. Poets ; Hazlitt's Lects. on 
 the Dramatic Lit. of the Age of Elizabeth; Collier's 
 Hist of Eng. Poet., and his ed. of Heywood's Dramat. 
 Works, pub. by the Shakspeare Society, 1850, Ac. ; Schle- 
 gel's Lects. on the Dramatic Art and Lit. ; Lowndes's 
 Bibl. Man., 924-927 ; Whipple's Essays and Reviews ; 
 Lon. Retrosp. Rev., 1823, xi. 124-160 ; Black wood's 
 Mag., iii. 141; iv. 171, 668; xxiv. 570; Edin. Rev., Ixiv. 
 526; Ixxiii. 220-225. Among the best-known of his pro 
 ductions are the following : 1. The Rape of Lucrece ; a 
 Tragedy, 1608, 4to; 4th ed., 1630, 4to; 5th ed., 1638, 4to. 
 
 " One of the most wild, irregular, and unaccountable produc 
 tions of his age. Amongst the most extravagant buffoonery, 
 we find sparks of genius which would do honour to any drama 
 tist." Lon. Retrosp. Rev., ubi supra. 
 
 2. An Apology for Actors, 1612, 4to. This is one of 
 the best of his prose pieces. 3. A Women kilde with 
 Kindnesse ; a Play, Lon., 1617, 4to. 
 
 . "The language is not much raised above that of comedy; but 
 we can hardly rank a tale of guilt, sorrow, and death, in that 
 dramatic category. It may be read with interest and approbation 
 at this day. being quite free from extravagance either in manner 
 or language. the besettings in of our earlier dramatists. and 
 equally so from buffoonery. The subject resembles that of 
 Kotzebue's drama, The Stranger, but is managed with a nobler 
 tone of morality." HaZlam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 " The winding up of this play is rather awkwardly managed, 
 and the moral is, according to established usage, equivocal. It 
 required only Frankford's reconciliation to his wife, as well as his 
 forgiveness of her for the highest breach of matrimonial duty, to 
 have made a Woman Killed with Kindness a complete counterpart 
 of The Stranger. Heywood, however, was in that respect but half 
 a Kotzebue." Hazlitt's Lects. on the Dramat. Lit. of the Age of 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 But Schlegel points out a wide disparity between the 
 management of the two dramas thus compared : see his 
 Lects. on the Dramatic Art and Lit. 
 
 " Heywood is a sort of prose Shakspeare. His scenes are to the 
 full as natural and affecting. But we miss the poet, that which in 
 Shakspeare always appears out and above the surface of the nature. 
 Heywood's characters in this play, for instance, his country gen 
 tleman, &c., are exactly what we see, but of the best kind of what 
 we see, in life. Shakspeare makes us believe, while we are among 
 his lovely creations, that they are nothing but what we are familiar 
 with, as in dreams new things seem old ; but we awake, and sigh 
 for the difference." CHARLES LAMB : Specimens of Eng. Dramat. 
 ffats, 
 
 4. Nine Bookes of various History concerninge Women; 
 inscribed by ye names of ye nine Muses, 1624, fol. This 
 is a very amusing book, and exhibits no little learning upon 
 the subject discussed. 
 
 " In this singular and scarce volume occurs a double version of 
 the Enigma assigned to Cleobulus of Lindus." See Brunck's Ana- 
 lecta. 
 
 5. England's Elizabeth ; her Life and Troubles during 
 her Minority, from the Cradle to the Crown, 1631, 12ino; 
 1632, '41, 12mo. This ed. is reprinted in the Harleian 
 Miscellany. 
 
 6. The English Traveller ; a Tragi-Comedy, 1633, 4to. 
 
 "This play is written in verse, and with that ease and perspi 
 cuity, seldom rising to passion or figurative poetry, which distin 
 guishes this dramatist. . . . The underplot of this play is largely 
 borrowed from the Mostellaria of Plautus, and is diverting, though 
 somewhat absurd." Hattam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 " Heywood's preface to this play is interesting, as it shows the 
 heroid indifference about the opinion of posterity which some of 
 these great writers seem to have felt. There is a magnanimity in 
 authorship as in every thing else. His ambition seems to have 
 been confined to the pleasure of hearing the players speak his lines 
 
 while he lived. It does not appear that he ever contemplated the 
 possibility of being read by after-ages. What a slender pittance 
 of fame was motive sufficient to the production of such plays as 
 the English Traveller, The Challenge for Beauty, and the Woman 
 Killed with Kindness! Posterity is bound to take care that a 
 writer loses nothing by such a noble modesty." CHARLES LAMB : 
 ubi supra. 
 
 "A production which abounds with good scenes, good writing, 
 and excellent sentiment, and is distinguished by pure, gentle, and 
 attractive characters." Retrosp. Rev., ubi supra. 
 
 7. The Late Lancashire Witches; a Comedy, 1634, 4to, 
 by R. Heywood and R. Broome. 8. The Hierarchie of 
 the Blessed Angels ; their Names, Orders, and Offices : the 
 Fall of Lucifer with his Angells, 1635, fol. 
 
 " Heywood has been called a Prose Shakspeare for his dramas, 
 which are indeed touching pictures of plain, homely, fireside feel 
 ings, that make us more intimately acquainted with the life and 
 practical morals of our ancestors than the more intellectual produc 
 tions of his compeers can possibly do. I am afraid his Hierarchie 
 of Angels will scarce entitle him to be called a Prose Milton ; yet it 
 is sufficiently curious to merit preservation " Blackw. Mag. 
 
 The Hierarchie of the Blessed Angels was a great fa 
 vourite of Sir Walter Scott, who often refers to it. 9. A 
 Challenge for Beavtie; a Tragi-Comedy, 1636, 4to. 
 
 " Full of action and interest, and possesses a great variety of 
 
 ell-discriminated characters. . . . There is great vivacity in this 
 performance, and sometimes considerable smartness of repartee." 
 Retrosp. Rev., ubi supra. 
 
 10. Love's JUaistresse; or, The Queen's Masque, 1636, 
 4to. 11. The Royall King and the Loyall Subject; a Tragi- 
 Comedy, 1637, 4to. Beaumont's Loyal Subject was greatly 
 indebted to the plot of this piece : see Hallam's Lit. Hist, 
 of Europe. 12. The Generall History of Women, 1657, 
 8vo. A number of Heywood's pieces have been repub. in 
 Dodsley's and other Collections ; several have been edited 
 for the Shakspeare Society by Barron Field; and Mr. 
 Collier has edited Heywood's Dramatic Works for the 
 same association. 
 
 1 Heywood I shall mention next, as a direct contrast to Marlowe 
 in every thing but the smoothness of his verse. As Marlowe's 
 imagination glows like a furnace, Heywood's is a gentle, lambent 
 flame, that purifies without consuming. His manner is simplicity 
 itself. There is nothing supernatural, nothing startling or terrific. 
 He makes use of the commonest circumstances of every-day lifc, 
 and of the easiest tempers, to show the workings, or rather the 
 inefficacy, of the passions, the vis inertise of tragedy." HAZLITT. 
 
 " Heywood seldom rises to much vigour of poetry ; but his dra 
 matic invention is ready, his style is easy, his characters do not 
 transgress the boundaries of nature, and it is not surprising that 
 he was popular in his age." Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 " Heywood's best comedies are distinguished by a peculiar air, 
 a superior manner ; his gentlemen are the most refined in their 
 nice sense of the true and beautiful, their fine moral perception, 
 and finished in the most scrupulous attention to polite manners ; 
 most exact in the observances of decorum without appearing ri 
 gorously precise, ductile as fused gold to that which is good, and 
 unmalleable to that which is evil ; men, in short, ' of most erected 
 spirits.'" Retrosp. Rev., ubi supra. 
 
 Hiam, otherwise called Abiezer, Coppe, which is 
 believed to have been his true name, 1619-1672, pub. some 
 theolog. treatises noticed on p. 429. 
 
 Hibbard, Freeborn Garrettson, a minister of the 
 M.E. Church, b. 1811, in N. Rochelle, N.Y. 1. Christian Bap 
 tism, in 2 pts., N.Y., 12mo. 2. Palestine : its Geog. and Hist., 
 8vo. 3. The Psalms, chronologically arranged, 1856, 8vo. 
 Hibberd, Shirley. 1. Summer Songs, Lon., 1851, 
 12mo. 2. Brambles and Bay-Leaves: Essays on the Homely 
 and Beautiful, 1855, fp. 3. The Town Garden, 1855, 18mo. 
 4. Rustic Adornments for Homes of Taste, 1856, 12mo ; 2d 
 ed., 1857, 8vo. 5. Epitome of the War, from its Outbreak 
 to its Close, 1856, 12mo. 6. Fresh-Water Aquaria, 1856, 
 12mo. 7. Marine Aquarium, 1856, 12mo. 8. Book of the 
 Water-Cabinet, 1856, 12mo. 9. Aquarium and Water-Ca 
 binet, 1856, 12mo. 10. Garden Favourites, 1858, 8vo. 
 
 Hibbert, George, M.P., Speeches in H. of C. on the 
 Abolition of the Slave Trade, 1807, 8vo. 
 Hibbert, Henry. 1. Two Serms., Lon., 1624, 4to. 
 
 2. Serm., 1661, 4to. 3. Systema Theologicum, or a Body 
 of Divinity, and 12 Serms., 1662, fol. Hibbert's sale, 
 3957, 3 19s. 
 
 Hibbert, Samuel, M.D., of Manchester, Secretary 
 to the Society of Scottish Antiquaries. 1. Descrip. of the 
 Shetland Islands, Edin., 1822, 4to. 
 
 "The information is valuable: some of it new; but not suffi 
 ciently select or condensed." Stevenson's Voyages and Travels. See 
 Blackwood's Mag., ii. 380. 
 
 2. Hist, of Extinct Volcanoes on the Lower Rhine, 8vo. 
 
 3. Hist of Foundations of Manchester, 3 vols. 4to and r. 
 4to. 4. Hist, of Manchester Cathedral, 4to and r. 4to. 5. 
 Sketches of the Philosophy of Apparitions. 
 
 "We have read this interesting volume with much pleasure 
 The account of the opinions formerly entertained of the origin, 
 nature, and power of spirits is particularly valuable." West 
 minster Review. 
 
 " Viewed in the light of a medical guide, it cannot fail to prova 
 of great advantage as well to the professional student as to the 
 
me 
 
 HIC 
 
 general reader. We are now reluctantly compelled to leave this 
 amusing and most instructive volume; but we cannot permit our 
 selves to finish our very imperfect review of it without recommend 
 ing to our readers not only the book itself, but more particularly 
 the principle upon which it is written, the attempt to trace all 
 spectral illusions to their physical cause." British Critic. 
 
 Also highly commended by the New Monthly Mag. ; 
 Literary Gazette ; Literary Chronicle ; Scotsman ; London 
 Star. An interesting notice of it by " Christopher North" 
 will be found in Noctes Ainbrosianae, March, 1825 ; and 
 see Dr. Shelton Mackenzie's note to his ed. of the Noctes, 
 N. York, 1855, vol. ii. 56. 
 
 Hichoch, Robert. See HITCHCOCK. 
 
 Hickeringill, Edmund, 1630-1708, educated at 
 Cambridge, became a captain in the army, and, in 1662, 
 Rector of All-Saints, Colchester. His belligerent spirit 
 accompanied him into the church, to which he gave great 
 offence by a number of " wild and scurrilous attacks" on 
 Priestcraft, (1705, 4to,) Ac. In 1707 he pub. a collection 
 of Miscellaneous Tracts, Essays, Satyrs, &c. in Prose. 
 Lon., 1707, 4to. In addition to his occasional serms. and 
 pamphlets, he put forth, in 1660, 4to, Jamaica Viewed; 
 also pub. in 1661, 1705, 4to, and included in his collection 
 of Miscellaneous Tracts. The writer had spent some time 
 in Jamaica. In 1716 there was pub. a 2d ed. of his Works, 
 Oxf., 3 vols. 8vo. The editor says: 
 
 " The greatest writers of our times trembled at his pen ; and, as 
 great a genius as Sir Roger L'Estrange's was, it submitted to his 
 superior way of reasoning." 
 
 But Newcourt treats him with less ceremony, and cha 
 racterizes him as 
 
 " An impudent, violent, ignorant fellow, very troublesome, as 
 far as he could, to his right reverend diocesan, and to all that lived 
 near hiui. : ' Jtepertorium. 
 
 See also Athen. Oxon. ; Malone's Dryden. 
 
 Hickes, or Hicks, Gaspar. 4 Serms., Lon., 1644- 
 45. See Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Hickes, George, D.D., 1642-1715, a native of News- 
 ham, Yorkshire, entered St. John's College, Oxford, 1659; 
 after the Restoration removed to Magdalen College, 
 thence to Magdalen Hall, and in 1664 was chosen Fellow 
 of Lincoln College ; Rector of St. Ebbe's church, Oxford, 
 about 1675 ; Vicar of All-Hallows Barking, London, 1680; 
 Dean of Worcester, 1683; deprived on refusing to take 
 the oath to William and Mary, 1689; consecrated Bishop 
 of Thetford by the Nonjurors, 1694. Dr. Hickes jvas one 
 of the most profoundly -learned men of his time, and of 
 inflexible integrity of character. He pub. many contro 
 versial treatises on religion and politics, and some other 
 works, (for a list of which see authorities cited below,) the 
 most of which are now forgotten. The following are among 
 the principal of his productions: 1. Jovian; or, an 
 Answer to Johnson's Julian the Apostate, and Passive 
 Obedience Defended, 1673, '83, 8vo. Anon. 
 
 "Wherein is showed that, notwithstanding this Doctrine of Non- 
 resistance or Passive Obedience, we are secure enough of our lives, 
 properties, and religion." Chap. xii. 
 
 2. The Spirit of Enthusiasm Exorcised ; or, a Sermon 
 on 1 Cor. xii. 4, Lon., 1681, '83, 4to ; 4th ed., with addits., 
 1709, 8vo. 
 
 "A very learned and important discourse." BISHOP VAN MILDERT. 
 
 3. Institutiones Grammaticae Anglo-Saxonicae et Maeso- 
 Gothicae, a G. Hickesio, Grammatica Islandica Runolphi 
 lonae. Catalogus Librorum Septentrionalium. Accedit 
 Edvardi Bernard! Etymologium Britannicum, Oxon., 
 1689, 4to. A very valuable work. 
 
 "This book discovers an accuracy in this language beyond the 
 attainments of any that had gone before him in that study, and 
 will be of most necessary use to such as shall apply themselves to 
 the right understanding of the ancient history and laws of this 
 kingdom. But, as all first draughts of any sort are usually im 
 perfect, so there seem to be some defects in it that might have 
 been supplied. For example : there wanted a chapter of the 
 variety of dialects, which might have been had out of the northern 
 interlineary versions of the gospel, mentioned by Dr. Marshall; 
 one whereof is peremptorily affirmed to have belonged to St. 
 Cuthbert, as the other, in all likelihood, did to Venerable Bede." 
 Bishop Nicolsori's Eng. Hist. Lib. See extract continued under 
 No. 4. 
 
 4. Linguarum Veterum Septentrionalium Thesaurum 
 Grammatico-Criticum et Archaeologicum, 1703-05, 6 
 Parts, fol. : generally bound in two or three vols. Pub. at 
 3 3s. ; large paper, 5 5s. Large-paper copies of this 
 great work were sold at 15 formerly, but can now be had 
 at from 5 to 6. Many portions of the work are taken 
 from original Saxon MSS. now lost. 
 
 " Dr. Hickes. the great master of the Northern languages in 
 general and of the Anglo-Saxon in particular, accomplished the 
 most arduous task in compiling and publishing, amidst the hard 
 ships of deprivation and poverty, his filmed Thesaurus Linguarum 
 Veterum Septentrionalium." DR. INGRAM. 
 
 t; All these defects [vide ante] are now amply supplied by the 
 great author in his Linguarum Vet. Septentrionalium Thesaurus 
 
 Grammatico-Criticus et Archaeologicus ; which has had so many 
 just praises given it, at home and abroad, that few English 
 readers can be strangers to its contents." BISHOP NICOLSON : ubi 
 supra. 
 
 The bishop, referring to the Anglo-Saxon version of 
 Bede's History of the Anglo-Saxon Church, declares that 
 Dr. Hickes was "of all men now living the best able to 
 give a character of the performance." Ubi supra. 
 
 5. Several Letters which passed between Dr. G. Hickes 
 and a Popish Priest, Lon., 1705, Svo ; 3d ed., 1727, 8vo. 
 ft. A Second Collection of Letters rel. to the Ch. of Eng. 
 and Ch. of Rome, 1710, Svo, between Dr. Hickes and 
 Lady Carew. The two collections were reprinted in 1715, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " For a particular defence of our own Reformers against the 
 cavils of Romish writers, see Abp. Laud's Conference with Fisher, 
 Leslie's Case stated between the Ch. of England and the Ch. of 
 Rome, and Dr. Hickes's Letters to a Popish Priest. In these will 
 be found a full refutation of the charges brought against our Re 
 formers, and a complete vindication of them upon the soundest 
 principles of church-unity and church-authority." BISHOP VAN 
 MILDERT. 
 
 7. Two Treatises : one on the Christian Priesthood, the 
 other Of the Dignity of the Episcopal Order, Ac., 1707, 
 '11, Svo; 3d ed., with addits., 1711, 2 vols. Svo ; 4th ed., 
 Oxon., 1847-48, 3 vols. Svo. In Lib. of Anglo-Cath. 
 Theol. 8. Serms., with a Pref. by N. Spinckes, 1713, 
 2 vols. Svo. 9. Devotions in the Ancient Way of Offices 
 Reformed, 1717, Svo. New ed., 1846, fp. Svo. The ori 
 ginal of this was by John Austin, who died 1669 : (see p. S3 
 of this Dictionary.) It was remodelled by Mrs. S. Hopton, 
 and Dr. Hickes wrote a preface for the work thus revised. 
 10. Life of John Kettlewell, 1718, Svo. 11. Serms., 1726, 
 Svo. Posth. See Biog. Brit., vol. vii., Supp. ; Burnet's 
 Own Times ; Birch's Life of Tillotson ; Letters by Emi 
 nent Persons, 1813, 3 vols. Svo; Jones's Life of Bishop 
 Home ; T. B. Macaulay's Hist, of Eng., vol. iii., 1856. 
 
 " A few other nonjurors ought to be particularly noticed. High 
 among them in rank was George Hickes, Dean of Worcester. Of 
 all the Englishmen of his time he was the most versed in the old 
 Teutonic languages ; and his knowledge of the early Christian 
 literature was extensive. As to his capacity for political discus 
 sions, it may be sufficient to say that his favourite argument for 
 passive obedience was drawn from the story of the Theban legion." 
 T. B. MACAULAY : ubi supra. 
 
 Hickes, or Hicks, William, 1620-1659, a captain 
 of the Train-Bands, and a Fifth -Monarchy man, educated 
 at Wadham College, Oxford. Revelation Revealed ; being 
 a Practical Exposition of the Revelation of St. John, Lon., 
 1659, '61, fol. See Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Hickes, or Hicks, William, a captain apparently 
 in the recruiting-service during the Civil War temp. 
 Charles I. 1. Oxford Jests, 1669 ; enlarged, 1720, 12mo. 
 This is called the first Jest-Book in the language. 2. 
 CofFee-House Jests; 3d ed., 1684. 3. Oxford Drollery; 
 being new poems and songs, 1679. Lloyd, 3 10s. 4. 
 Grammatical Drollery; consisting of Poems and Songs. 
 This is ascribed to Hickes, but without certainty. Bibl. 
 Anglo-Poet, 5 5s. 
 
 " This Hicks, who was a sharking and indigent fellow while he 
 lived in Oxon.. and a great pretender to the art of dancing, (which 
 he forsooth would sometimes teach.) was also author of Coffee- 
 House Jests, the third edition of which came out in 1684. and of 
 other trivial matters meerly to get bread and make the pot walk." 
 Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Honest old Anthony seems to have held in great con 
 tempt those whose motto is 
 
 " Tenui musam meditamur avena" : 
 " We cultivate literature upon a little oatmeal :" 
 or who employed their pen for the grovelling purpose 
 of "making the pot walk." 
 
 Hickes. See also HICKS. 
 
 Hickey, Thomas. Storia della Pittura e la Scul- 
 tura ; or, a History of Painting and Sculpture from the 
 earliest accounts, Ital. and Eng., Calcutta, 1788, 4to. 
 
 Hickie, Rev. D. B., LL.D., Head-Master of Arch 
 bishop Sandys's Grammar-School, Hawkshead, has pub. a 
 Greek Primer, a Latin Grammar, an ed. of Xenophon's 
 Anabasis and the Memorabilia of Socrates, of Longinus 
 On the Sublime, Select Idylls of Theocritus, <fec. 
 
 Hickman, Charles, D.D., d. 1713, a native of 
 Northamptonshire, student of Christ Church, Oxford, 
 1667; minister of St. Ebbe's Church, Oxford; Lecturer of 
 St. James's, Westminster, 1692 ; subsequently Rector of 
 Hogsnorton,Leicestersbire; Bishop of Derry,1702. 1. Serin. ; 
 pub. separately, 1680-95. 2. Serms. before the H. of Com 
 mons, 1690, 4to. 3. Fourteen Serms., 1700, Svo; 2d ed., 
 1706, Svo; 3d ed., 1718, 8vo. 4. Twelve Serms. on the 
 Festivals and Fasts, 1713, 8vo; 2d ed., 1724, Svo. 
 
 " Bp. Hickman, as a writer of sermons, has scarce a superior, 
 and few equals." SAMUEL CLAPHAM. See Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Hickman, Henry, d. at Leyden, 1692, a Non-con- 
 
HIC 
 
 HIG 
 
 formisfc divine, a native of Worcestershire, educated at 
 Cambridge, Fellow of Magdalene College, Oxford, was de 
 prived at the Restoration, and became preacher to the 
 English congregation at Leyden, where he died. He pub. 
 several controversial theological treatises, (1659-74,) the 
 best of which appeared without his name : Apologia pro 
 Ministris in Anglia (vulgo) Non-conformistis, Ac., 1664. 
 
 Hickman, William. Rheumatism, 1816, 8vo. 
 
 Hickock, Laurens Perseus, D.D., b. Dec. 29, 
 1798, at Dan bury, Fairfield county, Conn., graduated at 
 Union College, 1820 ; licensed as a preacher by the Fair- 
 field East Association, 1822 ; Professor of Theology in 
 Western Reserve College, Ohio, 1836-44; removed in the 
 latter year to the Auburn Theological Seminary, and in 
 1862 accepted the Professorship of Mental and Moral 
 Science in, with the Vice-Presidency of, Union College. 
 1. Rational Psychology, Auburn, 1848, 12mo. 2. Moral 
 Science, Schenectady, 1853, 12mo. 3. Empirical Psycho 
 logy, 1854, 12mo : see N. Amer. Rev., Ixxx. 265. 4. Ra 
 tional Cosmology ; or, The Eternal Principles and the Ne 
 cessary Laws of the Universe, 1858, 8vo. Dr. Hickock has 
 pub. several serms. and college addresses, and contributed 
 a number of papers to the Bibliotheca Sacra, the Biblical 
 Repository, and the Christian Spectator. 
 
 Hickok, Thomas. The Voyage and Trauails of 
 H. Caesar Frederick; written at Sea, 1588. Trans, from 
 the Italian, Lon., 1588, 4to. 
 
 Hickox, John Howard, b. at Albany, New York, 
 1832, Assistant Librarian of the New York State Library. 
 An Historical Account of American Coinage, Albany, 1858, 
 8vo, pp. 151 ; plates. 200 copies printed ; 5 on large paper. 
 The student of American history will find this beautiful 
 volume of great service in his researches. Mr. Hickox has 
 contributed papers to various periodicals. 
 
 Hicks, Elias, d. 1830, aged 81, a native of Jericho, 
 Long Island, was for many years a preacher in the Society 
 of Friends or Quakers. In the latter years of his life he pro 
 mulgated some theological opinions which led to a division 
 of the sect of which he was a minister. See 1. Journal 
 of his Life and Religious Labours, Phila. ; 2. His Sermons, 
 1828, 8vo ; 3. A Doctrinal Epistle written by Elias Hicks 
 in 1820, 8vo, 1824; 4. Letters, Ac. relating to the Doc 
 trines of Elias Hicks, 1824, 12mo; 5. Observ. on the 
 Serms. of Elias Hicks, by a Demi-Quaker, 1826, 8vo ; 
 6. An Examination of an Epistle issued by a meeting of 
 the followers of Elias Hicks : being a statement of facts 
 relative to their separation from the Society of Friends, 
 1827, 12mo; 7. A View of the sentiments of Elias Hicks 
 respecting future rewards and punishments, 1829, 12mo ; 
 8. The Bible Advocate; or, an answer to Elias Hicks's 
 blasphemies and others, by George Senneff, a mechanic ; 
 2d ed., 1837, 12mo ; 9. Elias Hicks and the Hicksite 
 Quakers : an art. by Rev. G. W. Burnap in Chris. Exam., 
 li. 321. In 1811 Elias Hicks pub. his opinions on a mat 
 ter greatly agitated since he examined the subject: Ob 
 servations on Slavery, New York, 12mo. 
 
 Hicks, Fabian. Abridgt. of Plowden's Commen 
 taries, Lon., 1650, '59, 12mo. 
 
 Hicks, or Hyckes, Francis, 1566-1630, a native 
 of Worcestershire, educated at St. Mary Hall, Oxford, 
 made a trans, of Lucian, pub. by his son, Thomas Hicks, 
 1634, 4to. He left some MS. trans, from Thucydides and 
 Herodian. 
 
 Hicks, Henry. Dr. Pearson's Publication relative 
 to the Vaccine-Pock Inoculation, Lon., 1803, 8vo. 
 
 Hicks, Mrs. Rebecca, of Virginia. 1. The Lady- 
 Killer, Phila. 2. The Milliner and the Millionaire, 12mo. 
 
 Hicks, Samuel. Six Discourses, Lon., 1767, 12mo. 
 
 Hicks, T. A Medical Treatise, Lon., 1703, 8vo. 
 
 Hicks, or Hyckes, Thomas, d. 1634, Chaplain of 
 Christ Church, Oxford, son of Francis Hicks, (ante,) wrote 
 the Life of Lucian, and the Notes and Illustrations upon 
 each dialogue which enrich his father's trans, of that au 
 thor, 1634, 4to. 
 
 " Besides bis great skill in the Greek tongue, he was esteemed 
 mnS * g d P et and ********* Hmner."- 
 
 T r ? h m o a mV l " The Q uaker 's Appeal answered, 
 
 Lon., 1674 8vo 2 Three Dialogues between a Christian 
 and a Quaker ,675, 12mo. No. 1 is included in this vol. 
 
 Hicks, William. See HICKES. 
 
 Hicks. See also HICKES. 
 
 Hide, Edward. See HYDE. 
 
 Hide, Thomas, a priest. A Consolatorie Epistle to 
 the Sick and Afflicted Catholickes, Lov., by John Lvon 
 1580, 8vo. 
 
 Hitler, Jon., S.T.P. Manuale Confessorum, 4to. 
 
 Hieover, Harry, (a nom de plume.) 1. Stable-Talk 
 
 and Table-Talk; or, Spectacles for Young Sportsmen- 
 new ed., Lon., 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Harry Hieover is a thoroughly practical man ; and he is mon, 
 than that: he is a thoroughly amusing one, the pleasantest quill- 
 driver probably that ever drove four horses as they ought to be 
 driven." ion. New Sporting Magazine. 
 
 See also Bell's Life in London; Lon. Times; Lon. Exa 
 miner. 
 
 2. The Pocket and the Stud; or, How to procure and 
 keep Horses, fp. 8vo. 
 
 " Few books are so sure to save large amounts of s. d. to those 
 who study their precepts as The Pocket and the Stud of Mr. 
 Hieover." Lon. Quar. Rev., March, 1849. 
 
 3. The Stud for Practical Purposes and Practical Men, 
 fp. 8vo. 
 
 " When the veterinarian returns home at eve, after his round 
 of labours for the day, instead of dozing off to sleep in his easy- 
 chair, let him seek recreation in beguiling an hour with Harry." 
 Lon. Veterinarian. 
 
 See also The Britannia, &c. 
 
 4. Hints to Horsemen, 1856. 
 
 "When Harry Hieover gives hints to horsemen, he does not 
 mean by that term riders exclusively, but owners, breeders, buyers, 
 sellers, and admirers, of horses. To teach such men how to make 
 money is to impart no valueless instruction to a large class of 
 mankind. The advice is frankly given, and, if no benefit result, 
 it will not be for want of good counsel." ion. Athenceum. 
 
 See also Lon. Express, &c. 
 
 Hieron, Samuel, 1572-1617, a native of Epping, 
 Essex, educated at King's College, Cambridge, was pre 
 sented to the living of Modbury, Devonshire, which he 
 held until his death. He was zealously opposed to Ro 
 manism and considered a Puritan, but adhered rigidly to 
 the Church of England. He pub. serms., a poetical an 
 swer to a Romish Rime, and several theolog. treatises, 
 1604-18. Workes, 1614, fol. Reprinted, with an addit, 
 vol., edited by Robt. Hill, with a Life of the Author, 1620, 
 2 vols. fol. Again, 1635, 2 vols. fol. 
 
 " A good old writer." Bickersteth's O. S. 
 
 Hiffernan, Paul, 1719-1777, a native of the county 
 of Dublin, Ireland, came to London in 1753, and for the 
 rest of his life was a hack author. 1. The Ticklers ; a set 
 of Periodical Papers pub. in Dublin about 1750. 2. The 
 Tuner; a set of Periodical Papers pub. in London, 1753. 
 
 3. The Wishes of a Free People; a Dramatic Poem, 1761. 
 
 4. The Earl of Warwick; a Trag. from the French of La 
 Harpe,*Lon., 1761, 4to. 5. Dramatic Genius; an Essay 
 in 5 Books, 1770. 6. The Philosophic Whim, or Astro 
 nomy; a Farce, 1774, 4to. 7. The Heroine of the Cave; 
 a Trag., 1775, 8vo. See Biog. Dramat. ; Davies's Life of 
 Garrick, i. 247 ; Ireland's Life of Henderson, 61. 
 
 Higden, Henry. 1. Modern Essay on the tenth 
 Satire of Juvenal, 1687, 4to. 2. The Wary Widow, or 
 Sir Noise Parrot; a Comedy, 1698, 4to. 
 
 Higden, Ranulph, or Ralph, d. 1360, aged between 
 80 and 90, a Benedictine of St. Werberg's Monastery in 
 Chester, was the author of a Latin chronicle entitled 
 Polychronicon. Dr. Gale pub. that part which relates to the 
 Britons and Saxons among his Quindecem Scriptores, Ac., 
 (i. 177.) The Polychronicon was trans, into English by 
 John de Trevisa in 1387, and from this Caxton made a 
 version (adding an 8th book, or continuation from 1387 to 
 1460) and printed it in 1482, fol. A copy was sold at 
 Dent's sale (Pt. 2, 143) for 103 19s. Reprinted by Wyn- 
 ken de Worde, with addits. and a Hymn in praise of His 
 tory, 1495, fol. Again, by Peter Treveris, 1527, fol. The 
 Polychronicon of Higden is divided into seven books. 
 Book i. contains a description of countries in general, and 
 especially of Britain ; books ii.-vi. give us a Civil His 
 tory from the Creation to temp. Edward III. The Chester 
 Mysteries, exhibited in that city in 1328, have been as 
 cribed to Higden ; but this has been stoutly denied. See 
 Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib. ; Dibdin's Typ. Antiq. ; 
 Dibdin's Lib. Comp. ; Bibl. Spenceriana ; Warton's Hist, of 
 Eng. Poet. ; Biog. Dramat. ; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; Brit. 
 Bibliog.; Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, 4th ed., 1854, i. 
 213, 312, n. Bp. Nicolson treats Higden with little respect, 
 and insists upon it that he stole his Polychronicon from 
 Roger Cestrensis's Polycratica Tetnporuin ; but it has been 
 charitably surmised that they both stole (or borrowed) from 
 the same quarter. Their works are rather objects of curi 
 osity than standards of an authoritative character. 
 
 Higden, Win., pub. a Serm., Ac., 1708, '11, a View of 
 the Eng. Constitution, 1700, '09, '16, Ac., 8vo, and a De 
 fence of the View, 1710, 8vo. The two last were answered 
 by Hilkiah Bedford, or, rather, by George Harbin : see p. 
 157 of this Dictionary. 
 
 Higford, William, 1580-1657. The Institution of a 
 Gentleman; in three Parts, Lon., 1660, 12mo, (1658, Svo?) 
 See Athen. Oxon. ; Cens. Literaria, ed. 1815, vi. 323-329 
 
pp. 
 No. 
 
 HIG 
 
 " I can scarcely refer to any Tolume in my possession of equal 
 curiosity with this ; as it is an original work, and the earliest I 
 know in our language upon the character and amusements of an 
 English Gentleman." J. HASLEWOOD. 
 
 Higges, Joseph. Guide to Justices, Lon., 1736, '42, 
 '51, 12mo. 
 
 Higgeson. See HIGGINSON, FRANCIS. 
 Higgins, Bryan, M.D., Operator to the Society for 
 Philos. Experiments, Ac., pub. Philos. Essays concerning 
 Light, 1776, 8vo, and treatises on chemical philosophy, 
 Ac., 1780-1802. 
 
 Higgins, Francis. Serms., 1705, '06, '07. 
 Higgins, Godfrey, 1771-1833, of Skellow Grange, 
 near Doncaster, a magistrate for the West Riding of York 
 shire, was the author of some political pamphlets, Ac. and 
 the following works : 1. Horse Sabbaticse. 2. The Celtic 
 Druids, 1827, 4to. See Lon. Gent. Mag., xcvii., ii. 151, 
 347. 3. Mohammed j or, the Illustrious, 1829, 8vo. This 
 was reviewed with much severity by Edward Upham, 
 author of The History of Buddhism. Mr. Upham says, 
 I know it to be full of errors." (Gent. Mag., Jan. 1830, 
 9-14.) Mr. Higgins noticed Upham's letter in the next 
 o. of the Magazine, and Mr. Upham continued the sub 
 ject in the No. for March. 4. An Anacalypsis; an attempt 
 to draw aside the Veil of the Saitic Isis, or An Inquiry 
 into the Origin of Languages, Nations, and Religions, 
 1836, 2 vols. 4to. Posth. Privately printed. This work 
 had been announced by Rev. Joseph Hunter, in his History 
 of South Yorkshire, before Mr. Higgins's death. 
 
 "It occasionally happens that books written to display some 
 peculiarity of system or, as the wicked say, crotchet of the au 
 thor turn out to have a value of their own, from the very great 
 number of well-indexed and well-referenced facts which they con 
 tain. We remember being much struck by seeing among the 
 books of reference in the Museum Reading-room the Anacalypsis 
 of Godfrey Higgins. Never was there more wildness of specula 
 tion than in this attempt to lift the veil of Isis. But thousands 
 of statements, cited from all quarters, and very well indexed, ap 
 parently brought the book into such demand as made it conve 
 nient that it should be in the reading-room itself." Lon. Athe- 
 nceum, Aug. 2, 1856, p. 953 : Review of John Wilson's Lost Solar 
 System of tJie. Ancients Discovered. 
 
 Higgins, Jesse, of Delaware. A Method of Drain 
 ing Ponds in Level Grounds; Trans. Amer. Soc., vol. iii. 
 p. 325. 
 
 Higgins, or Higins, John, an English schoolmaster 
 and divine temp. Elizabeth, pub. the Flosculi of Terence, 
 Holcot's Dictionaire, and other school-books, some contro 
 versial tracts, and, in 1587, 4to, the 4th ed. of The Mirror 
 for Magistrates, with addits. of his own. The last-named 
 work has already come under our notice : see BALDWIN, 
 WILLIAM ; BLENER-HASSET, THOMAS ; DORSET, THOMAS 
 SACKVILLE, EARL OF AND LORD BUCKHURST. Respecting 
 Higgins, see Athen. Oxon. ; Brydges's Phillips's Theat. 
 Poet. ; Cooper's Muses' Library, p. 142 ; Warton's Hist, of 
 Eng. Poet. 
 
 Higgins, Tobias. Serm., Lon., 1641, 8vo. 
 Higgins, W. Mullinger, Lect. on Exper. Philos. at 
 Guy's Hospital. 1. The Mosaic and Mineral Geologies 
 illustrated and compared, 1833, 8vo. 2. Handbook of 
 Natural Philos., 1837, ISmo. 3. Philos. of Sound and 
 Hist, of Music, 1838, fp. 8vo. 4. Experimental Philoso 
 pher, 1838, 16mo and 12mo. 5. Handbook of the Steam 
 Engine, 1S42, 18mo. 6. Treatise on Algebra, 8vo. 7. Trea 
 tise on Light and Optical Instruments, 8vo. 8. Book of 
 Geology, 1842, fp. 8vo. 9. Entertaining Philosopher, Lon., 
 1844, fp. 8vo. 
 
 "A very comprehensive, useful, and instructive volume, in 
 which Mechanics, Pneumatics, Heat, Optics, Electricity, &c. are 
 clearly and pleasantly explained." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 10. The Earth: its Physical Condition and Phenomena 
 1847, '49, '55, 12mo and sq. 11. Researches in the Solar 
 System, 1852, 12rno. See Lon. Athenaeum,1852,pp.403-404. 
 Higgins, Wm., Prof, of Chemistry and Mineralogy 
 at the Repository of the Dublin Society. Chemical trea 
 tises. 1789-1817. 
 
 Higgins, Wm. The American; a Nov., 1803, '04, 
 2 vols. 
 
 Higgons, Bevil, 1670-1735, younger son of Sir 
 Thomas Higgons, was educated at Oxford and Cambridge, 
 and subsequently entered the Middle Temple. He accom 
 panied James II. into exile, and died in France. 1. The 
 Generous Conqueror ; a Trag., 1702, 4to. 2. A Short View 
 of the English History, 1723, '33, 8vo; Hague, 1727, 8vo. 
 3. Hist, and Crit. Remarks on Bp. Burnet's Hist, of his 
 Own Times, 1725, '27, 8vo. Nos. 2 and 3 were reprinted 
 in 1736, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. Hist of the Life and Reign of 
 Mary, Queen of Scots, Dubl., 1753, 8vo. Wood enume 
 rates five poems by Higgons : see Athen. Oxon. ; Nichols's 
 Poems. 
 
 HIG 
 
 Higgons, Theophilus, d. 1659, a divine of the Ch. 
 jf Eng., joined the Roman Catholic Church, but subse 
 quently returned to the Church of England. Theolog. 
 treatises and serms., 1609-24. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. 
 )xon. 
 
 Higgons, Sir Thomas, M.P., 1624-1691, a native 
 .f Westbrugh, Shropshire, was educated at Oxford. Fu 
 neral Oration on his first Lady, (the Countess of Essex,) 
 1656. 
 
 " As this pamphlet is extremely rare, I conclude that the copies 
 of it were, for certain reasons, industriously collected and de 
 stroyed ; though few pieces of this kind have less deserved to 
 perish." REV. J. GRANGES. 
 
 Other publications. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. } 
 Nichols's Poems. 
 
 Higginson, Francis, d. 1630, aged 42, first minister 
 of Salem, Massachusetts, educated at Emanuel College, 
 Cambridge, was for some time minister of a church of Lei 
 cester, England, but, becoming a Non-conformist, was ex 
 cluded from his pulpit. He lived but about fourteen months 
 after his arrival in America. New England's Plantation ; 
 or, a short and true Description of the Commodities and 
 Discommodities of the Country, Lon., 1630, 4to j 3d ed., 
 with Letter of Mr. Graves, in same year. Mr. Higginson 
 left a MS. account of his voyage to America, which is pre 
 served in Hutchinson's collection of papers. See Mag- 
 nalia; Collect. Mass. Hist. Soc., i. 117-124; vi. 231, 242- 
 244 ; ix. 23 ; Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. 
 
 Higginson, Francis, d. 1670 ? aged 54, son of the 
 preceding, went to Europe, studied at Leyden, and became 
 settled as a minister at Kirby-Steven, Westmoreland, Eng 
 land. He wrote against the Quakers, and pub. also a 
 Latin theolog. treatise. See preceding article. 
 
 Higginson, John, 1616-1708, son of the first-named 
 Francis Higginson, was a native of England, and accom 
 panied his father to America in 1629. He was pastor of 
 the church in Salem (formerly under charge of his father) 
 from 1660 to 1708, and at the time of his death had been 
 seventy-two years in the ministerial office. He pub. a 
 number of serms., theolog. treatises, Ac., 1663-1708, and 
 a most eloquent attestation to Cotton Mather's Magnalia, 
 which is thus warmly commended by one of the most 
 learned students of American letters : 
 
 "John Higginson was one of the great men of New England, 
 and incomparably the best writer, native or foreign, who lived in 
 America during the first hundred years of her colonization. That 
 portion of his attestation to the Magnalia which treats of the exodus 
 of the Puritans has not been surpassed in strength and grandeur 
 in all the orations ever delivered at Plymouth Rock, those of 
 Webster and Everett not excepted." DR. R. W. GRISWOLD. 
 
 See Magnalia ; Collect. Mass. Hist. Soc., vi. 243, 244, 
 259-294, 271, 272 ; Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, i. 14. 
 
 Higgs, Griffin, or Griffith, 1589-1659, a native of 
 Oxfordshire, educated at St. John's College, Oxford, for 
 twelve years chaplain to the Queen of Bohemia, became 
 in 1638 Dean of Lichfield. 1. Problemata Theologica, 
 Leyden, 1630, 4to. 2. Miscellaneae Theses Theologicae, 
 1630. See Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Higgs, Joseph. Medical Essay, Lon., 1755, 8vo. 
 
 Higham, John. Serms., Lon., 1652, '75. 
 
 Highley, Miss. Galatea; a Pastoral Romance. 
 From the French of Florian, Lon., 1804, 8vo. 
 
 Highmore, Anthony, Solicitor-at-Law, pub. several 
 treatises on law, Public Charities of London, Ac. See 
 Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 335. 
 
 Highmore, Joseph, 1692-1780, an eminent painter, 
 a native of London, was a writer of considerable merit. 
 
 1. Crit. Exam, of two Pictures by Rubens, Lon., 1754, 4to. 
 
 2. Prac. of Perspective, 1763, 4to. 3. Observ. on Dodwell's 
 Christianity not founded on Argument, 1765. Anon. 4. Es 
 says, Moral, Religious, and Miscellaneous, Ac. See Lon. 
 Gent. Mag., vol. 1. 
 
 Highmore, Nathaniel, M.D., 1613-1684, a native 
 of Hampshire, educated at Trinity College, Oxford. 1. Cor- 
 poris Humani Disquisitio Anatomica, Hague, 1651, fol. 
 2. Hist, of Generation, Lon., 1651, 8vo and 12mo. 3. Ex- 
 ercitationes dute : I. De Passione Hysterica ; II. De Hy- 
 pochondriaca Affectione, Oxon., 1660, 12mo ; Lon., 1670, 
 4to. This work was attacked by Dr. Willis, in reply to 
 whom Highmore pub. (4.) Epistola Responsoria ad T. Willis, 
 Ac., 1670, 4to. 5. Medical Springs; Phil. Trans., 1670. 
 The cavity called the Antrum ffif/hmorianum in the supe 
 rior maxilla takes its name from our author. 
 
 Highmore, Nathaniel, M.D., LL.D., Prof, of Law, 
 Cambridge. Jus Ecclesiasticum Anglicum ; or, the Govt. 
 of the Ch. of Eng. exemplified and illustrated, Lon., 1810, 
 4to. Dr. H. also pub. a few legal, political, and medical 
 tracts. 
 
IIIL 
 
 IIIL 
 
 Ililarins, a poet who flourished about 1125, was the 
 author of three scriptural dramas and several minor poems, 
 an account of which will be found in Wright's Biog. Brit. 
 Lit., Anglo-Norman Period, 91-94. See also Duchesne's 
 ed. of the Works of Abelard; Hilarii Versus et Ludi. Lu- 
 tetiae Parisiorum, 1838, 12mo, edited by M. Chainpollion- 
 Figeac. 
 
 .Milder, Thomas. Conjugal Counsel, Lon., 1653, 8vo. 
 Hildersham, Arthur, 1563-1631, a Puritan divine, 
 a native of Cambridgeshire, educated at Christ's College, 
 Cambridge, Fellow of Trinity Hall, 1586, presented by the 
 Earl of Huntingdon in 1593 to the living of Ashby-de-la- 
 Zouch, in Leicestershire, which he retained until his death. 
 Through his great-uncle, Cardinal Pole, Mr. Hildersham 
 was descended from the royal family of England ; but what 
 is more to the purpose is that he was a man of profound 
 learning, devoted piety, and unwearied zeal in the propa 
 gation of religious truth. 1. CVTII. Lects. upon the IV. 
 of St. John, Lon., 1629, fol.; 2d ed., much enlarged, 1632, 
 fol. ; 1647, fol. ; 1656, fol. 
 
 "Discover the author to be a sound divine, an admirable text- 
 uary, a profoundly-experienced Christian, and an excellent teacher. 
 These discourses are more concise and finished than those on the 
 fifty-first Psalm." Dr. E. Williams's C. P. 
 " Very spiritual, full, and evangelical." Bickersletfi's C. S. 
 2. Lects. upon Psalm xxxiv., 1632, fol. 3. Serms., 1633, 
 4to. 4. CLII. Lects. upon Psalm li., 1635, fol. ; 1642, fol. : 
 (1644, fol.?) 
 
 " A rich mine of practical divinity." DR. E. WILLIAMS. 
 5. Paraphrase upon the Canticles of Solomon, 1672, 8vo. 
 Posth. Extracted from the author's MS. Paraphrase of 
 the whole Bible. 6. Treatise on the Lord's Supper. 
 7. Treatise of the Ministry of the Ch. of Eng., with an 
 Answer to it by Fr. Johnson, 4to. See Goadby's Memoirs 
 of Hildersham, Bingham, 1819, 8vo ; Clark's Lives j Neal's 
 Puritans ; Nichols's Leicestershire. Dr. Williams valued 
 Hildersham's Expositions of Psalm li. and St. John iv. so 
 highly that he declares "he cannot be sufficiently com 
 mended," and thinks it ample praise of Samuel Shaw to 
 admit that 
 
 " He seems to have caught the mantle of Mr. Arthur Hilder 
 sham, who had resided before him at the same place, Ashby-de-la- 
 Zouch." Christian PreacJier. 
 
 " A great and shining light of the Puritan party, and celebrated 
 for his singular learning and piety." ECHARD. 
 
 Hildcsley, Mark, D.D., 1698-1772, educated at, and 
 Fellow of, Trin. Coll., Camb. ; Vicar of Hitchin, Hertford 
 shire, 1731; Rector of Holwell, Bedford, 1735; Bishop of 
 Sodor and Man, 1755. He was also Master of Sherburn 
 Hospital, and Preb. of Lincoln. Bishop Hildesley was 
 descended from the royal family of England in the same 
 line with Rev. Arthur Hildersham, and, like him, was noted 
 for his piety and zeal. It was under his auspices that the 
 translation of the Holy Scriptures into the Manks lan 
 guage, begun by his predecessor, Bishop Wilson, was car 
 ried to completion. He also pub. the Book of Common 
 Prayer and other works in the same language. As an 
 author, he gave nothing to the world, save a small tract, 
 pub. anonymously, entitled Plain Instructions for Young 
 Persons in the Principles of the Christian Religion, in 
 two Parts, 1762-67. See the Memoirs of Bishop Hildes 
 ley, by Rev. Weeden Butler, Sr., 1799, 8vo. 
 
 Hildeyard, John. Funeral Serin., Lon., 1683, 4to. 
 Hilditch, Ann. Rosa de Mont Morien; a Nov., 
 1789, 2 vols. 
 
 Hildreth, Ezekiel, 1785-1856, b. in Westford, Mass., 
 grad. at Harvard Coll. 1814, and was a teacher in Ohio 
 for 42 years. Author of (1) Logopolis ; or, City of Words. 
 2. Key to Knowledge. 3. Essay on the Mortality of the 
 Soul. 4. Address on Education, &c. 
 
 Hildreth, Hosea, 1782-1835, a native of Chelms- 
 ford, Mass., graduated at Harvard College, 1803, was for 
 some time Professor of Mathematics at Phillips Academy, 
 Exeter, and for eight years pastor of the First Church in 
 Gloucester, Mass. He pub. several serms., <fcc. 
 
 Hildreth, Richard, b. June 28, 1807, at Deerfield, 
 Massachusetts, son of the preceding, graduated at Harvard 
 College in 1826, was admitted to the Suffolk county (Boston) 
 Bar in 1830, and commenced the practice of the law in 
 Newburyport, in his native State. From July, 1832, to 
 October, 1834, Mr. Hildreth was co-editor of the Boston 
 Atlas, a daily newspaper, (of which he was also a joint 
 founder,) and again co-editor and Washington corre 
 spondent, May, 1836, to November, 1839. From October, 
 1834, to March, 1836, he resided in Florida, with a view 
 to the improvement of his health, and, with the same ob- I 
 ject, resided from September, 1846, to September, 1847, in I 
 Demarara. During his abode in the latter place he edited 
 guccessively The Guiana Chronicle and The Royal Gazette, i 
 844 
 
 (tri-weekly papers devoted to the support of the policy of 
 the British Government in the abolition of slavery,) and 
 edited, with an historical introduction, a compilation of 
 the colonial laws of British Guiana. In addition to the 
 works about to be noticed, no inconsiderable evidence 
 of great literary activity, Mr. Hildreth has given to the 
 world a number of pamphlets and miscellaneous articles 
 in magazines and reviews, and edited several educational 
 manuals and daily journals. He devotes his leisure mo 
 ments to a continuation of his principal work, the History 
 of the United States, which he designs to bring down (in 
 two or more vols.) to the end of the administration of 
 President Pierce. 
 
 1. The Slave ; or, Memoir of Archy Moore, 1836, 2 vols. 
 12mo. New ed., with a ^continuation, under the title of 
 The White Slave; or, Memoirs of a Fugitive, 1852, 12mo. 
 2. Banks, Banking, and Paper Currencies, 1837, 12mo; 
 enlarged ed., 1840, 12mo. 
 
 "A feeble apology for the worst parts of the American banking 
 system." McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 187. 
 
 3. Life of General Wm. Henry Harrison, 1839, 18mo. 
 As editor of the Boston Atlas, Mr. H. contributed largely 
 to the nomination of General Harrison for the Presidency 
 of the U. States. 4. -Bentharn's Theory of Legislation ; 
 from the French of Duinont, 1840, 2 vols. 16mo. 5. Des 
 potism in America: an Inquiry into the Nature, Results, 
 and Legal Basis of the Slave-holding System of the 
 United States, 1840; enlarged ed., 1854. We give the 
 title of the last ed. This work is to be followed by a 
 sequel : see Lon. Athenaeum, 1854, p. 1089. 6. Theory of 
 Morals, 1844, 12mo. 7. Hist, of the United States of 
 America : I. From the Discovery of the Continent to the Or 
 ganization of Government under the Federal Constitution, 
 1497-1787, 3 vols. 8vo, 1849. Revised ed., 1854, 3 vols. 
 8vo. II. From the Adoption of the Federal Constitution 
 to the end of the 16th Congress, 1788-1821, 3 vols. 8vo, 
 1852. Revised ed., 1855, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 In the advertisement prefixed to the first vol. of his 
 history, Mr. Hildreth gives his reader to understand that 
 he may expect to find a plain story told in a plain way : 
 
 " Of centennial sermons and Fourth-of-July orations, whether 
 professedly such or in the guise of history, there are more than 
 enough. It is due to our fathers and ourselves, it is due to truth 
 and philosophy, to present for once, on the historic stage, the 
 founders of our American nation unbedaubed with patriotic rouge, 
 wrapped up in no fine-spun cloaks of excuses and apology, without 
 stilts, buskins, tinsel, or bedizeiiment, in their own proper per 
 sons, often rude, hard, narrow, superstitious, and mistaken, but 
 always earnest, downright, manly, and sincere. The result of 
 their labours is eulogy enough : their best apology is to tell their 
 story exactly as it was." 
 
 " If a plain and well-written narrative of public events, mostly 
 in the order of their occurrence, without any attempt to generalize 
 them, or to deduce from them broader lessons of experience, is all 
 that constitutes a good history, then Mr. Hildreth' s work deserves 
 its name, and has fair claims to respectful notice. It is easy to 
 see, however, that this is not all, and that history written on such 
 a plan must needs be imperfect and unsatisfactory. . . . Nothing 
 cau be more cold and naked than his recital of any facts which are 
 honourable to the memory of the first settlers of New England ; 
 if they do not occupy a very prominent place on the common 
 record he forgets to mention them at all. When they are forced 
 upon his notice he dismisses them as rapidly as possible. He has 
 not a word of praise for their conscientiousness, their heroism, or 
 their self-denial; though the first alone caused them to emigrate, 
 so that it was the seminal principle of the New England colonies, 
 while the second and third sustained their settlements through 
 many years of danger and privation." FRANCIS BOWEN : N. Amer. 
 Rev., Ixxiii. 411-447 : review of vols. i.-iv. 
 
 "The author's style is bald and meagre in the extreme; and 
 never once does he rise into any thing like fervour or exhibit the 
 slightest capability of the graphic and picturesque. But the story 
 is conscientiously and, as far as details go, thoroughly told. . . . 
 The spirit in which the story is told is also remarkably fair. The 
 Puritans ' often rude, hard, narrow, superstitious, and mistaken,' 
 as Mr. Hildreth thinks them, < but always earnest, downright, 
 manly, and sincere' are treated with evident respect and liking; 
 and only now and then, when in duty bound as a modern and an 
 American, as for example, in behalf of representative freedom, 
 religious toleration, and such matters, does the author put in 
 any protest of his own." Lon. Athenceum, 1850, pp. 13-15 : review 
 of vols. i.-iii. 
 
 Vols. iv. and v. are reviewed in the same periodical for 
 Nov. 15, 1851, pp. 1191-1193; and vol. vi. in the No. for 
 May 7, 1853. The reviewer, referring to the probability 
 of Mr. Hildreth's continuation of his History, trusts that 
 he will attend to the hints which he has given him, and 
 dismisses the subject with the assurance that 
 
 " It would be agreeable to have occasion to speak more favour 
 ably than we have been able conscientiously to do of the writings 
 of a man of such industry and talent as Mr. Hildreth undoubt 
 edly possesses." p. 551, ubi supra. 
 
 "In this instance we encounter the muse of American history 
 descended from her stump, and recounting her narrative in a key 
 adapted to our own ears. For the first time, we believe, we have 
 here the story of the founders of our New England colonies r* 
 
HIL 
 
 HIL 
 
 corded in an ample and explicit manner, with a consistent care to 
 exclude errors and exaggerations. . . . Animated by this spirit, 
 Mr. Hildreth has availed himself, though hardly to the utmost, 
 of his peculiar resources." The FatJiers of New England : Edin. 
 Rev., Oct. 1855. 
 
 " We are confident that, when the merits of this history come to 
 he known and appreciated, it will be extensively regarded as de 
 cidedly superior to any thing that before existed on American 
 history, and as a valuable contribution to American authorship." 
 Bibliothtca Sacra. 
 
 " His work fills a want, and is therefore most welcome. Its 
 positive merits, in addition to those we have before mentioned, 
 are impartiality, steadiness of view, clear appreciation of character, 
 and, in point of style, a terseness and conciseness not unlike 
 Tacitus; with not a little, too, of Tacitean vigour of thought, 
 stern sense of justice, sharp irony, and profound wisdom." 
 Methodist Quar. Rev. 
 
 " Mr. Hildreth is a bold and copious writer. His work is valuable 
 for the immense amount of material it embodies." De Bow's Re 
 view of the Southern States. 
 
 "The special merit of his work consists in the absence of what 
 ever can possibly be deemed either irrelevant or ostentatious." 
 H. T. TUCKERMAN : Sketch of Amer. Lit. 
 
 See also Lon. Literary Gazette ; Lon. Atlas ; Christian 
 Register; N. York Church Review; N. York Home Jour 
 nal; Oakley's ed. of Kent's Course of English Reading; 
 Living Age, xxiii. 365-366; xxix. 111-115; xxxi. 134- 
 136 ; Revue des Deux Mondes, April 1, 1856 ; Edin. Rev., 
 Oct. 1855. 8. Theory of Politics : an Inquiry into the 
 Foundation of Governments and the Cause and Progress 
 of Political Revolutions, 1853, 12mo. 
 
 " In this new work we notice the same calm and equal march 
 of reason as in the History of America. Mr. Hildreth is never 
 startling, never brilliant. His thought is like his style; solid, 
 level, monotonous. It neither warms by its vividness nor startles 
 by its boldness. It is pre-eminently respectable. As to ideas, 
 there 5s little in this volume that can be called new. Mr. Hildreth 
 is a republican, with a tendency, the full strength of which he 
 unconsciously disguises from himself, towards Socialism." Lon. 
 Athenaeum, 1853, p. 1354. 
 
 9. Japan as it Was and Is, 1855, 12mo. 
 
 " Mr. Hildreth has, with diligence and spirit, given a digested 
 history of the empire. so far as is made known by different tra 
 vellers and many native works, and a very careful sketch of all 
 the leading European works on Japan to the present time. His 
 book is a valuable compendium of the knowledge the European 
 world had of the country before Captain Perry's expedition, and 
 he has investigated with great care some of the most curious ques 
 tions of its history, literature, and manners." N. Amer. Rev., July, 
 1856 : Art. on The American Expedition to Japan, q. v. 
 
 And see HAWKS, FRANCIS LISTER, D.D., LL.D., No. 9, 
 in this Dictionary. 
 
 "Mr. Hildreth's is a compilation, somewhat roughly executed, 
 from the successive accounts of Japan by European and American 
 writers. It is scarcely in any sense original, nor is it very sys 
 tematic; but it may find acceptance as a manual of information 
 on a subject of rising influence to both worlds. . . . Mr. Hildreth's 
 historical sketch, though always readable, is disconnected and 
 incomplete." Lon. Athenceum, 1856, pp. 835-836. 
 
 10. Atrocious Judges : Lives of Judges Infamous as Tools 
 of Tyrants and Instruments of Oppression, 1856, 12mo. 
 This is a selection from Lord Campbell's Lives of the 
 Chief-Justices and Lives of the Chancellors, with an Appen. 
 
 We hope at no distant day to welcome the remaining 
 volumes of Mr. Hildreth's History of the United States ; 
 for, whatever faults the critic may discover in the histo 
 rian's style, of the value of his elaborate array of facts 
 there can be no question. If, as alleged, the faithful 
 chronicler lack that philosophical insight which is requi 
 site to give their proper value to the fruits of laborious 
 researches, yet he has undoubtedly facilitated the ex'ecu- 
 tion of the duties of those who succeed him : for, if 
 "Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas" be a true 
 saying, it is as little to be denied that " Rerum ipsarum 
 cognitio vera, e rebus ipsiis est." 
 
 Hildreth, Samuel Prescott, M.D., b. Sept. 30, 
 1783, at Methuen, Mass., settled in Ohio, 1806. His most 
 important works are 1. Pioneer Hist, of the Ohio Valley, 
 Cin., 1848, pp. 525. 2. .Biographical and Historical Me 
 moirs of the early Pioneer Settlers of Ohio, Ac., 1852, 
 8vo, pp. 539. For upwards of forty years Dr. Hildreth 
 Las been a constant contributor to various scientific and 
 medical journals throughout the United States. 
 
 Hildreth, W. The Niliad; an Epic Poem in honour 
 of Nelson's Victory, 1st of August, 1798. 
 
 Hildrop, John, D.D., d. 1756, aged 31, Rector of 
 Wath, near Rippon, Yorkshire, pub. a number of serms., 
 theolog. treatises, Ac., 1711-52. His Miscellaneous Works 
 appeared in 1754, 2 vols. 12mo. The style of some of his 
 pieces so strongly resembles Swift that they were ascribed 
 to the latter. 
 
 " The reader may derive much pleasure and information from 
 the perusal of this author's Free Thoughts upon tho Brute Crea 
 tion." REV. H. J. TODD. 
 
 See Lon. Gent Mag., 1834, Pt. 2, 114. 
 
 Hildyard, Francis, of the Inner Temple, Barrister- 
 at-Law. 1. Treatise on the Principles of the Law of Ma 
 rine Insurances, Lon., 1845, 8vo; Harrisburg, 1847, 8vo. 
 
 " The style is clear, correct, and concise, and the law is brought 
 down to the present day with remarkable accuracy and fulness." 
 Penna. Law Jour. 
 
 2. Eighth ed. of J. A. Park's System of Marine Insu 
 rance, with addits., 1842, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Hildyard, Rev. Wm. Manual of Ancient Geo 
 graphy, 3d ed., 1846, fp. 8vo. 
 
 Hiley, Richard, has pub. a number of useful edu 
 cational works, 1846-54, Ac. See Lon. Educat. Times. 
 
 Hill. Nundinse Sturbrigiensis, anno 1702, Lon., 1709, 
 8vo. 
 
 Hill, a clergyman who exchanged the Ch. of Eng. for 
 that of Rome, wrote two theolog. treatises, pub. 1600-77. 
 
 Hill, Miss. Novels, Lon., 1809-13. 
 
 Hill, Aaron, 1685-1750, an English poet, dramatist, 
 and miscellaneous writer, a native of London, is better 
 known to the present age from his quarrels with Pope 
 than by his literary compositions. Among other works, 
 he pub. 1. A History of the Ottoman Empire, 1709, fol. 
 2. Elfrid; a Trag., 1709. 3. Camillus; a Poem, 1709. 
 4, 5. Essays on Beech Oil, 1714-15, 8vo. 6. Essays on 
 Coals and Grape-Wines, 1718, 8vo. 7. King Henry the 
 Fifth ; a Trag., 1723, 8vo. 8. The Northern Star ; a Poem, 
 1725, 8vo. 9. Advice to the Poets, 1731, 4to. 10. The 
 Impartial; a Poem. 11. The Progress of Wit; a Caveat 
 for the use of an Eminent Writer, (a satire upon Pope, 
 who had introduced Hill, rather in a complimentary man 
 ner, in the Dunciad.) 12. Merope ; a Trag. from Voltaire, 
 with alterations, 1749, 8vo. His Miscellaneous Works 
 a collection of his best pieces were pub. in 1753, 4 vols. 
 8vo; and his Dramatic Works, (seventeen in all,) with his 
 Life, appeared in 1759, 2 vols. 8vo. See Biog. Brit., Supp., 
 vol. vii. ; Biog. Dramat. ; Gibber's Lives ; Johnson's and 
 Pope's Works; Davies's Life of Garrick; Richardson's 
 Corresp. ; Ruff head's Life of Pope ; Disraeli's Quarrels of 
 Authors. 
 
 We should not omit to state that our poet was as the 
 title of some of his works indicate a dabbler in political 
 economy and an extensive projector, and, like many 
 other projectors of ancient times and our own days, dis 
 played more enterprise than judgment. 
 
 The acuteness of his critical abilities may be estimated 
 from his verdict on Pope's poetry. He gravely assures us 
 that the popularity of the author of the Rape of the Lock 
 
 " Arose from meditated little personal assiduities, and a certain 
 bladdery swell of management." 
 
 And he then gives utterance to this sagacious vaticina 
 tion : 
 
 " But rest his memory in peace ! It will very rarely be disturbed 
 by that time he himself is in ashes." Letter to Richardson, in 
 Richardson's Correspondence. 
 
 But posterity have ventured to differ with Mr. Hill. 
 Pope certainly was not wont to display much of a spirit 
 of meekness in his literary controversies ; but in his mis 
 understanding with Hill the latter appears the least 
 amio.ble. His general character, however, was exemplary, 
 and his manners mild and conciliating ; but it is danger 
 ous to tempt the amour-propre of an author, however his 
 suaviter in modo may prevail in the family circle and 
 social reunion. 
 
 Pope's poetical offence was comprised in the following 
 lines from the Dunciad, and they have been truly consi 
 dered quite as complimentary as the reverse. Our author 
 is introduced as one of the competitors for the prize of 
 Dulness : 
 
 "Then Hill essay' d : scarce vanished out of sight, 
 He buoys up instant, and returns to light ; 
 He bears no token of the sable streams, 
 And mounts far off, among the swans of Thames." 
 
 The satire here is indeed very slight; but, slight as it 
 was, it was sufficient to disturb the equanimity of Master 
 Hill. 
 
 Hill, Abraham, 1632-1721, a learned man, a mem 
 ber of the Board of Trade, and Fellow and Treasurer of 
 the Royal Society. Familiar Letters which passed be 
 tween him and several eminent and ingenious persons of 
 the last century, Lon., 1767, 8vo. See his Life prefixed 
 to the Familiar Letters. 
 
 Hill, Adam, D.D. Serms., Ac., Lon., 1588, '92, '93. 
 
 Hill, Alexander. The Practice in the several Judi- 
 catories of the Ch. of Scot., Edin., 1830, 12mo. 
 
 Hill, Mrs. Anne, formerly of Baltimore, but more 
 recently connected with the School of Design at Phila 
 delphia, perished in the conflagration of the steamboat 
 Henry Clay on the Hudson River, July 28, 1852. 1. Draw 
 ing-Book of Flowers and Fruit, with col'd Illustrations, 
 
HIL 
 
 Phila,, 4to. 2. Progressive Lessons in the Painting of 
 Flowers and Fruit : a series of six sheets. 
 
 Hill, Anthony. Serms., 1702, both 4to. 
 
 Hill, Arthur. See HALL. 
 
 Hill, Brian, d. 1831, aged 75, Chaplain to the Earl 
 of Leven and Melville, was brother of the celebrated 
 Rowland Hill, (vide post.) 1. Serm., Lon., 1780, 8vo. 
 
 2. Henry and Acasto; a Moral Poetical Tale, 1786, 12mo; 
 4th ed., 1798, 8vo. 3. Journey through Sicily and Calabria 
 in 1791, 8vo ; 1792. 4. Funl. Serm., 1803, 8vo. 5. XXIV. 
 Serms., Shrewsb., 1822, 8vo. 6. Serm., Lon., 1826. See 
 Lon. Gent. Mag., Aug. 1831. . 
 
 Hill, Major D. H., Professor of Mathematics in 
 Davidson College, North Carolina. 1. Algebra, Phila., 
 12mo. 2. A Consideration of the Sermon on the Mount, 
 1858/12mo. 
 
 Hill, Daniel, M.D. 1. Use of Oxygen in Diseases, 
 Ac., Lon., 1800, 4to. 2. Oxygen, Ac. ; Trans. Hortic. Soc., 
 
 Hill, Elizabeth. Sequel to the Poetical Monitor, 
 Lon., 1811, 12mo. 
 
 Hill, Frederick. 1. National Education: its Pre 
 sent State and Prospects, both at Home and Abroad, 
 Lon., 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " These volumes merit the attention of all who feel an interest 
 in the subject. Mr. Hill discusses the principles of a national 
 system with ability." Lon. Athen. 
 
 2. Crime: its Amount, Causes, and Remedies, 1853, 
 8vo. 
 
 Hill, G. D., Assistant Curate of Hanover Chapel, 
 Regent Street, London. 1. Practical Serms., Lon., 1844, 
 12mo. 2. Serms. on the Ten Commandments, 1845, 12mo. 
 
 3. Scenes in 1792; a Tale of the Revolution, 1848, fp. 8vo. 
 
 4. Short Serms. on the Lord's Prayer, 1854, 12mo. 
 Hill, George, D.D., 1750-1819, a divine of the Kirk 
 
 of Scotland, and Principal of St. Mary's College, St. An 
 drews, was a native of that city. He succeeded Dr. Ro 
 bertson as the leader of the General Assembly, and 
 
 " He was long one of the chief ornaments of the Church of 
 Scotland, and was distinguished for his manly and impressive 
 eloquence, both in the pulpit and the general assembly." Annual 
 Biography, vol. v., Lon., 1821, q. v. 
 
 And see Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Emi 
 nent Scotsmen ; Lord Cockburn's Memorials of his Time, 
 1856; Geo. Cook's Life of Dr. Hill. He pub. a number 
 of occasional serms., and the following vols. : 1. Serms., 
 Lon., 1796, 8vo. 2. Theological Institutes, Edin., 1803, 
 8vo. Reviewed in British Critic, vol. xxiii. 3. Lects. 
 upon Portions of the Old Test., Lon., 1812, 8vo. 4. A 
 View of The Constitution of the Ch. of Scot., Edin., 1817, 
 8vo. 5. The Pastoral Office. 6. Lects. in Divinity, 1821, 
 3 vols. 8vo; 5th ed., 1849, 8vo. 
 
 " Professor Hill's lectures are admirable, and have been admitted 
 to the first place among our systematic expositions of revealed 
 truth." Congreg. Mag. 
 
 " These lectures embrace the evidences, doctrines, duties, and 
 institutions of Christianity. They are drawn up with great care 
 and ability. . . . The author's tenets were in accordance with the 
 Westminster Confession of Faith." Dr. E. Wittiams's C. P. 
 
 "Dr. Hill of St. Andrews had the faculty beyond most men of 
 comprehensive and luminous arrangement. We shall have occa 
 sion at a posterior stage of our course to avail ourselves of the 
 important service which he has rendered to theology. ... I am not 
 sure if I can recommend a more complete manual of divinity than 
 the one I have now adverted to. ... I know of no treatise which 
 
 Srofesses to exhibit the whole range of theological doctrine, and 
 oes it in more of a lucidus ordo than the one that we have fixed 
 upon." DR. CHALMERS : Posth. Works, vol. ix. p. xviii., 125 ; Pre 
 lections on Hill's Lectures. 
 
 Hill, George, an American poet, b. 1796, at Guil- 
 ford, Conn., graduated at Yale College in 1816, and, after 
 a term of public service under the United States Govern 
 ment, entered the navy in 1827 as a teacher of mathe 
 matics. He was subsequently Librarian of the Depart 
 ment of State at Washington, and United States Consul 
 for the southern portion of Asia Minor. He is now at- 
 tached to one of the Bureaus of the Department of State 
 at Washington. Mr. Hill pub. anonymously, in 1834, The 
 Ruins of Athens, with other Poems ; and a second edit., 
 entitled The Ruins of Athens, Titania's Banquet, a Masque, 
 and other Poems, appeared in 1839, 8vo, with the author's 
 name. See Everest's Poets of Connecticut; Griswold's 
 Poets and Poetry of America. 
 
 Hill, George Canning, b. 1825, in Norwich, Conn. 
 The New American Biographical Series for Youth; contain 
 ing the Lives of Capt. John Smith, Gen. Israel Putnam, 
 Benedict Arnold, Daniel Boone, Ac., Boston, 1858, 4 vols. 
 16mo. 
 
 Hill, George Nesse. Medical treatises, 1800-14. 
 
 Hill, Henry? D.D. Dialogue concerning a Pamphlet 
 
 HIL 
 
 entit. The Growth of Deism in England, Lon., 1696, 4to. 
 Anon. 
 
 Hill, Henry. I., VI., XL, and XII. Books of Euclid, 
 1726-36, 4to. 
 
 Hill, Henry David, D.D., Prof, of Greek in the 
 Univ. of St. Andrew's. 1. Essays on the Private Manners 
 and Domestic Institutions of the Romans, 12mo. 2. Es 
 says on the Institutions, Government, and Manners of the 
 States of Ancient Greece, 12mo. Reviewed in Lon. Quar. 
 Rev., xxii. 163-203. 
 
 Hill, Ira, an American writer. Abstract of a New 
 Theory of a Formation of the Earth, Bait., 1823, 12mo. 
 
 " Absurd as it is on some accounts, however, it is on others an 
 essay of singular merit:' American Writers, No. 4 : Elackwootft 
 Mag., xvii. 57 : and see vol. xvi. 420. 
 Hill, James. Medical treatises, 1772-76. 
 Hill, James, of the Inner Temple, Barrister-at-Law. 
 A Practical Treatise on the Law relating to Trustees, 
 Lon., 1845, r. 8vo. Amer. ed., with American Notes and 
 References by Francis J. Troubat, of the Phila. Bar, Phila., 
 1846, 8vo ; 2d Amer. ed., with addit. notes, referring to 
 American Cases, by Henry Whartou, of the Phila. Bar, 
 1854, 8vo. This excellent work furnished the basis of 
 various parts of Mr. Spencer's unfinished work on Equity 
 Jurisprudence. 
 
 " On examination of the sheets, it appears that the work has 
 been enlarged by nearly one-half in bulk by the new matter of 
 this edition; and that the table of cases shows an addition of 
 more than three thousand decisions in England and the United 
 States. The authorities, we believe, have been brought down to 
 the latest moment." Amer. Law Register, Dec. 1853. 
 
 Hill, John, Rector of St. Mabyn, Cornwall. Four 
 occas. serms., 1610, '14, '80, '93. 
 
 Hill, John. 1. The Exact Dealer, for all Trades, 
 Lon., 1698, 1702, 12mo. 2. Arithmetic, 1716, 8vo. By 
 Hatton, 1733, 8vo. 
 
 Hill, John, 1711-1746, an Independent minister of 
 London, a native of Hitchin. Serms. on several occasions, 
 Lon., 1749, '64, '95, 1817, 8vo. Nine or more eds. have 
 appeared. The five serms. on 2 Kings iv. 26, entitled 
 Faith's Estimate of Afflictive Dispensations, have been 
 pub. separately (" It is well," Ac.) by the London Reli 
 gious Tract Society, 1853, 32mo. Hill's discourses are 
 highly valued. 
 
 "Some admirable sermons, especially on affliction." Bicker- 
 steth's C. S. 
 
 Hill, Sir John, M.D., 1716-1775, originally an apo 
 thecary, the son of Rev. Theophilus Hill, of Peterborough 
 or Spalding, resided in London, and wrote many books on 
 medicine, botany, natural philosophy, natural history, and 
 a number of dramas, novels, &c. A detailed account of 
 these many publications would be of but small interest to 
 the modern reader, who knows but little of Sir John save 
 his name, and this principally through his quarrels with 
 the Royal Society, and with Garrick. He was a man of 
 remarkable versatility of talent, but his moral character 
 cannot be commended. Among his publications are 
 1. Orpheus ; an Opera, 1740. 2. Theophrastus's Hist, of 
 Stones ; from the Greek, with Notes, 1746, '74, 8vo. 3. A 
 Dissert, on Royal Societies. - 4. Review of the Works of 
 the Royal Society of London, Lon., 1751, 8vo, 4to : 
 
 "In which, by the most unfair quotations, mutilations, and 
 misrepresentations, numbers of the papers read in that illustrious 
 assembly, and published under the title of the Philosophical 
 Transactions, are endeavoured to be rendered ridiculous." Life 
 of Hill: Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 5. Essays on Natural History and Philosophy, 1752, 
 8vo. Considered the best of his writings. 6. A General 
 Natural History, 1748-52, 3 vols. fol. 7. Urania ; or, a 
 Complete View of the Heavens, 1754, 8vo. 8. The Critical 
 Minute; a Farce, 1754. 9. The Route; a Farce, 1754. 
 10. The Gardener's New Kalendar, 1757, '58, 8vo. 11. 
 Eden; or, a Complete Body of Gardening, 1757, fol. 
 12. The Sleep of Plants, 1757, '62, 12mo. 13. Naval Hist, 
 of Great Britain, compiled from the papers of the late 
 Capt. Geo. Berkeley, 1757, fol. 14. British Herbal, 1758, 
 fol. 15. Construction of Nerves, 1758, 8vo. 16. An Idea 
 of a Botanical Garden in England, 1758, 8vo. 17. Exotic 
 Botany, 1759, fol. 18. The Vegetable System, 1759-76, 
 26 vols. fol. Contains 1600 engravings. Pub. at 38 
 guineas, plain ; 160 guineas, coloured. Pub. under the 
 patronage of the Earl of Bute. Hill presented a copy to 
 the King of Sweden, who invested him with the order of 
 the Polar Star, or Vasa. Henceforth he assumed the title 
 of Sir John. 19. Flora Britannica, 1760, 8vo. 20. Family 
 Practice of Physic, 1769, 8vo. 21. Hist, of Mr. Lovell j 
 a Novel. This is a pretended autobiography. 22. Ad 
 ventures of a Creole. 23. The Life of Lady Frail ; a Novel. 
 He was also joint-editor (with George Lewis Scott) of a 
 Supplement to Chambers's Dictionary, and was connected 
 
HIL 
 
 with the British Magazine, The Inspector, Ac. See Short 
 Account of the Life, Writings, and Character of the late 
 Sir John Hill, Edin., 1779, 8vo; Biog. Dramat. ; Gent. 
 Mag.; Davies's Life of Garrick ; Billy's Repository ; Dis 
 raeli's Quarrels of Authors; Boswell's Life of Johnson; 1 
 Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ; Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 "As to his literary character, and the rank of merit in which 
 his writings ought to stand, Hill's greatest enemies could not 
 deny that he was master of considerable abilities and an amazing 
 
 quickness of parts A large volume might be written on the 
 
 life and adventures of this extraordinary man, as affording a com 
 plete history of literary quackery, every branch of which he pur 
 sued with a greater contempt for character than perhaps any man 
 in our time." Life of Hill, in Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 " Dr. Hill was a very curious observer ; and, if he would have 
 been contented to tell the world no more than he knew, he might 
 have been a very considerable man, and needed not to have re 
 course to such mean expedients to raise bis reputation." DR. 
 JOHNSON: Conversation with George III.: see Boswell. 
 
 Hill, Hon. Lady John, wife of Sir John Hill. Her 
 Address to the Public, setting forth the Consequences of 
 the late Sir John Hill's Acquaintance with the Earl of 
 Bute, Lon., 1788, 4to. 
 
 Hill, John. Lects. and Reflections on Divinity, Law, 
 Philos., &c., and a Poem, Lon., 1792, 8vo. 
 
 Hill, John, M.D., d. 1807, aged 47. The Means of 
 Reforming the Morals of the Poor by Preventing Poverty, 
 1801, 8vo. 
 
 Hill, John, LL.D., Prof, of the Humanities in the Univ. 
 of Edin. 1. Synonymes of the Latin Language, &c., 
 Edin., 1804, 4to. 
 
 " An elaborate work." TYTLER. 
 
 " The variety of curious and important information which this 
 contains must render it a valuable acquisition to every lover of 
 ancient learning." Lon. Literary Journal. 
 
 2. Vocabulary, 1804, 12mo. An Introduction to the 
 Study of Latin Synonymes. 3. Life of Hugh Blair, 1807, 
 8vo. 4. Hist, and phil. con. to Trans. Edin. Soc., 1788, '94. 
 
 Hill, John. 1. Reflections rel. to the Proceedings, 
 Ac. respecting R. Catholics, 1807, 8vo. 2. High Prices of 
 Gold Bullion, 1810, 8vo. 
 
 Hill, Joseph, 1625-1707, minister of the English 
 church at Middleburg, in Zealand, and subsequently pastor 
 of the English church at R-otterdam. 1. Defence of the 
 Zealander's Choice. 2. An ed. of Schrevelius's Lexicon, 
 1676. Often reprinted. He added 8000 words and cor 
 rected many errors. 3. On the Antiq. of Temples, 1696, 4to. 
 
 Hill, N. Serms., 1773, 79, '95. 
 
 Hill, Nathaniel. The Ancient Poem of Guillaume 
 de Guileville, entitled Le Pelerinage de 1'Hbmme, compared 
 with the Pilgrim's Progress of John Bunyan. Edited from 
 Notes collected by the late Mr. Nathaniel Hill, of the Roy. 
 Soc. of Lit., Lon., 1858. See Lon. Athen., 1858, Pt. 2, 261. 
 
 Hill, Nicholas. Philosophia Epicurea Democratiana 
 Theophrastica, Par., 1601, 8vo; Gen., 1619, 12mo; Col. All., 
 1619, 8vo. 
 
 Hill, Nicholas, Jr. New York Reports, 1841-44, 
 Albany and N. York, 1842-45, 1 vols. 8vo. Continuation 
 of Johnson, Cowen, and Wendell. 
 
 Hill, Noah, 1739-1815, Pastor of the Meeting-House, 
 Old Gravel Lane, London, (Independent,) for thirty-seven 
 years from 1771. Serms., with a Pref., and a Serm. on his 
 Death, by J. Hooper, Lon., 1822, 8vo. Commended by 
 Lon. Congreg. Mag. 
 
 Hill, Oliver. 1. Fifth Essay against the Circ. of the 
 Blood, Lon., 1700, 8vo. 2. A Rod for the Back of Fools, 
 1702, 8vo. 
 
 Hill, Rev. Pascoe Grenfell, Chaplain of H. M. S. 
 Cleopatra. 1. Voyage to the Slave Coast of Africa, Lon., 
 1849, 12mo. 2. Fifty Days on Board a Slave Vessel in 
 the Mozambique Channel, 1844, '49, fp. 8vo; 1853, 12mo. 
 
 " We shall be rejoiced if the publicity given to this little but 
 intelligent work by our means assist in drawing the attention of 
 the influential classes to the subject." SlackwoocTs Mag. 
 
 Hill, R. The Gospel-Shop ; a Comedy, Lon., 1778, 8vo. 
 
 Hill, R., Pastor, Gettysburg, Penna. Discourse at the 
 laying of the corner stone of Gateway and Lodges of 
 Evergreen Cemetery, Gettysburg, 1855, pp. 12. 
 
 Hill, Richard, Envoy to the Court of Savoy in the 
 Reign of Queen Anne. His Diplomatic Correspondence, 
 Lon., 1845, 2 vols. 8vo. Edited by W. Blackley. This 
 work contains curious particulars relating to the Vaudois, 
 the wars in the Cevennes, the Spanish Succession, with 
 letters of foreigners and translations of them. 
 
 " A supplement to the Marlborough Despatches, and a needful 
 explanation of them." Lon. Examiner. 
 
 Hill, Sir Richard, 1733-1808, M.P. for Salop, a son 
 of Sir Rowland Hill, Bart., a brother of the celebrated 
 preacher, Rowland Hill, and uncle of General Lord Hill, 
 Commander-in-chief R.N., was much attached to the 
 
 HIL 
 
 doctrines of the Calvinist Methodists, and sometimes 
 preached in their chapels. He pub. several theolog. trea 
 tises, 1775-1805, of which the best-known is An Apology 
 for Brotherly Love, and for the Doctrines of the Church 
 of England, Lon., 1798, 8vo. This is an answer to Dau- 
 beny's Guide to the Church. In 1800 he pub. Daubenism 
 Confuted, Ac., 8vo. See Rev. Edwin Sidney's Life of Sir 
 Richard Hill, 1839, 8vo. 
 
 " A better man than Sir Richard Hill I do not know within the 
 circle of human nature." LORD KEN YON. 
 
 " Sir Richard's life was a pattern of modesty, piety, and good 
 ness." LORD ERSKINE. 
 
 " He was of a large and great soul, comprehensive of the inte 
 rests of God, the world, the church, his country, his friends, (with 
 a peculiar concernedness,) of the souls of men, ready to his utter 
 most to serve them all ; made up of compassion towards the dis 
 tressed, of delight in the good, and general benignity towards all 
 men." HOWE. 
 
 See Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., vii. 58. 
 
 Hill, Robert, D.D. Theolog. treatises, 1592, 1617. 
 
 Hill, Robert. Six Serms., 1728-30, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Hill, Robert, 1699-1777, a self-taught tailor and 
 staymaker, a native of Hertfordshire, remarkable for his 
 knowledge of languages. 1. Remarks on Berkeley's Essay 
 on Spirit. 2. The Character of a Jew. 3. Criticisms on 
 Job. The Rev. Joseph Spence took a lively interest in 
 Hill, and promoted a subscription for his benefit by pub 
 lishing a Parallel, in the manner of Plutarch, between a 
 most celebrated Man of Florence (Sig. Magliabecchi) and 
 one scarcely known in England, (Robert Hill,) Strawberry 
 Hill, 1758. To this vol. we must refer the reader who 
 desires to know more of the learned tailor. 
 
 Hill, Robert. Sketches in Flanders and Holland, 
 Lon., 1816, 4to, 5 5. A valuable aid when reading the 
 account of the Battle of Waterloo, as it contains engrav 
 ings of the principal points of the field. 
 
 Hill, Rowland, 1744-1833, an eminent preacher 
 attached to the doctrines of the Calvinist Methodists, a 
 brother of Sir Richard Hill, (ante,) was educated at St. 
 John's College, Cambridge, and ordained deacon in the 
 Church of England. In 1783 he built Surrey Chapel, 
 London, and preached there during the winter seasons, 
 acting as an itinerant preacher during the summer months 
 until his death, a period of fifty years. He pub. a num 
 ber of serms., theological treatises, <fec., of which the best- 
 known is the work entitled Village Dialogues, of which 
 the 34th ed. was pub. in 1839. He was a man of great 
 benevolence, profound piety, and indefatigable zeal. See 
 his Life, by the Rev. W. Jones, with a Pref. by Rev. James 
 Sherman, Mr. Hill's successor in Surrey Chapel; 2d ed., 
 1840, 12mo; again, 1845 ; his Life, by Rev. Edwin Sidney, 
 4th ed., 1844, fp. 8vo; Select Notes of his Preaching, by 
 Sidney, 12mo ; Memorial of him, by Rev. James Sher 
 man, 1851, 18mo; Jamieson's Cyc. of Religious Biogra 
 phy; Metropolitan Pulpit; Lon. Gent. Mag., June, 1833; 
 Phila. Museum, xlvi. 410; New Haven Month. Chris. 
 Spec., x. 516. 
 
 Sheridan used to say, 
 
 " I go to hear Rowland Hill because his ideas come red-hot from 
 the heart." 
 
 Dr. Milner, the Dean of Carlisle, was so much affected 
 by hearing one of his sermons, that he went to him in the 
 vestry, and said, 
 
 " Mr. Hill, Mr. Hill, I felt to-day 'tis this slap-dash preaching, 
 say what they will, that does all the good." 
 
 Robert Southey gives an interesting account of a ser 
 mon he heard Hill deliver in 1823, two years before the 
 preacher's death : 
 
 " His manner was animated and striking, sometimes impressive 
 and dignified, always remarkable ; and so powerful a voice I have 
 rarely or never heard. . . . The purport of his sermon was good ; 
 nothing fanatical, nothing enthusiastic; and the Calvinism which 
 it expressed was so qualified as to be harmless; ... the manner 
 that of a performer as great in his line as Kent or Kemble." 
 Letter to Mrs. Southey : Southey's Life and Correspondence. 
 
 Let us quote the testimony of a witness even more dis 
 tinguished than Rowland Hill himself: 
 
 " No man has ever drawn, since the days of the Saviour, such 
 sublime images from Nature : here Mr. Hill excels every other 
 man! . . . Whatever a misjudging world may say, such men as 
 these will ' shine as the brightness of the firmament, and as the 
 stars forever.' May my soul, though at a humble distance, be 
 admitted among them!" ROBERT HALL. 
 
 Hill, Rowland, Secretary to the London Post-Office, 
 has become widely-known as the author of the system of 
 Penny Postage commenced 1839-40. Post-Office Reform : 
 its Importance and Practicability, Lon., 1837, 8vo. 
 
 " This pamphlet is important from its having paved the way for 
 the introduction of the new system of penny postage. . . . The 
 measure has led to the sacrifice of above 1,000,000?. a year of nett 
 revenue." McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 339, q. v. 
 
 And see also Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xv. 459. 
 
HIL 
 
 Mr. McCulloch thinks that the reduction was too great ; 
 and he is certainly correct. 
 
 Hill, S. S. 1. Short Account of Prince Edward's 
 Island, Lon., 12mo. 2. Emigrant's Introduc. to an Ac 
 quaintance with the British American Colonies, 1837, 12mo. 
 "The volume contains a fund of useful information." Lon. 
 Literary Gazette, Aug. 1837. 
 
 See also Lon. Month. Rev., Aug. 1837; Metrop. Mag., 
 Sept. 1837. 
 
 3. The Tiara and the Turhan, 1845, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 Hill, Samuel, Rector of Killington, and Archdeacon, 
 Ac. of Wells, pub. several theolog. controversial treatises, 
 1687-1708. 
 
 Hill, Samuel. Vaccination, Portsea, 1804, 8vo. 
 Hill, Samuel. Clark's New Law List to 1805, 1817. 
 Hill, The. Stoic Philosophy, or the Praise of Po 
 verty; a Poem, Lon., 1720, 8vo. 
 
 liill, Ilyll, orHylle, Thomas, a " Londoner," pub. 
 A Briefe Treatise of Gardeninge, Lon., 1563, 16mo, (fre 
 quently reprinted;) The Ordering of Bees, 1574, Ac.; The 
 Schoole of Skil, an astronom. work, 1599, 4to; several 
 almanacs; and some works on arithmetic, astronomy, 
 physiognomy, <fcc., for an account of which see Watt's 
 Bibl. Brit. ; Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 " HylPs two "books seem to be the first that were written on 
 gardening and bees." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 Hill, Thomas. Legerdemain, Lon., 12mo. 
 Hill, Thomas. Serms., 1642, '43, '44, '45. 
 Hill, Thomas. On Wm. Parry's Moral Evil, 1809. 
 Hill, Thomas, Archdeacon of Derby. Letters and 
 Memoir of the late Walter Augustus Shirley, D.D., Lord- 
 Bishop of Sodor and Man. Edited by T. H., Lon., 1849, 8vo. 
 " A solid and interesting volume, containing, in addition to the 
 biography, various intelligent remarks on public affairs and theo 
 logical questions, with a good many descriptive sketches of scenery 
 and of mankind, at home and abroad." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 " It is a volume which we have read with the deepest interest 
 and closed with the highest feelings of its importance." Lon. 
 Gentleman's Magazine. 
 
 Hill, Thomas, b. at New Brunswick, N.J., 1818; 
 grad. at Harvard Coll., 1843 ; settled at Waltham, Mass., 
 1845. 1. Poems, Cambridge, 1843, 2*4mo. 2. Arithmetic, 
 Bost, 1845. 3. Geometry and Faith, N.Y., 1849. 4. Curva 
 ture, 1850, 8vo. 5. Geometry, 1855. 6. Liberal Education, 
 1858 : see N. Amer. Rev., Oct. 1858. Contributed to astro 
 nomical and religious periodicals. Edited Whately's Evi 
 dences of Christianity, and The Stars and the Earth. 
 
 Hill, Thomas Ford, d. 1795. 1. Ancient Erse 
 
 Poems, 1784, 8vo. 2. Politics of France, Lon., 1792, 8vo. 
 
 Hill, W. R. S. Carolina Law Reports, 1833-35, 
 
 Columbia, 1834-37, 3 vols. 8vo. 2. S. Carolina Chancery 
 
 Reports, 1833-37, 2 vols. 8vo, 1834-37. 
 
 Hill, Wm. The Infancy of the Soul ; or, the Soul of 
 an Infant: showing how and when it is infused, Lon., 
 1605, 4to. 
 
 Hill, Wm., D.D., 1619-1677, a divine, school-master 
 and physician, Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, a native 
 of Cudworth, Warwickshire. 1. Dionysii Orbis Descrip- 
 tio, Lon., 1658, '59, '63, '78, '88, 8vo. The last ed. is the 
 best. 2. Woman's Looking-Glass, 1660, 12mo. 
 
 Hillard, George Stillman, a grandson of Genera 
 Stillman, b. Sept. 22, 1808, at Machias, Maine, entered the 
 Boston Latin School, 1822, entered Harvard College in 
 1824, and graduated in 1828, admitted to the Suffolk 
 county (Boston) Bar, 1833, and to the present time (1859) 
 has been engaged in the practice of the law in Boston 
 Mr. Hillard was married in 1834 to Susan T., daughtei 
 of the late Judge Howe of Northampton. In 1845 he was 
 elected to the Common Council, of which he was a membe 
 until July, 1847, and was for six months its president. He 
 has been a representative to the State Legislature, and was 
 elected to the Senate in 1850. As a legislator, Mr. Hillan 
 soon evinced abilities which elicited the warm commenda 
 tion of the late Daniel Webster, (see Webster's Works, v 
 356,) whose estimate of intellectual character was seldom 
 mistaken. The reader will find some interesting reminis 
 cences of Mr. Hillard's early life in the Boston Book 
 1850 ; and in Loring's Hundred Boston Orators. 
 
 Mr..Hillard has gained the reputation of being one o 
 the most eloquent of American orators: as a writer, w 
 have heard him classed, by no less an authority than th 
 eminent publicist, Dr. Francis Lieber, among the very bes 
 which the country has yet produced. Mr. Hillard's publi 
 cations are as follows : 1. Fourth of July Oration befor 
 the City Authorities of Boston, 1835. 2. Discourse befor 
 the Phi Beta Kappa Society, 1843. 3. Connection between 
 Geography and History, 1846, 12mo. 4. Address befor 
 the Mercantile Library Association of Boston, 1850 
 6. Address before the New York Pilgrim Society, 1851 
 
 HIL 
 
 . Eulogy on Daniel Webster, before the City Authorities 
 f Boston, 1852. This truly eloquent oration will be found 
 n A Memorial of Daniel Webster from the City of Boston, 
 853, edit, by Mr. Hillard. This vol. must be owned by 
 ill who possess Little, Brown & Co.'s beautiful edit, of the 
 Works of Webster. 7. Six Months in Italy, 1853, 2 vols. 
 .2mo; 2d ed., 1854, 2 vols. 12mo; 5th ed., 1855, 16mo. 
 [his work has been commended in the highest terms. 
 iVe give brief citations : 
 
 " The mass of information contained in these two volumes is 
 mmense; the criticisms novel, and, in our humble opinion, judi- 
 ;ious; the writer's own thoughts and feelings beautifully ex 
 >ressed. . . . The only wonder is how he could manage in so short 
 i time to see so much ; for Mr. Hillard is one who sees not only 
 fvith the outward eye, but with that inner mental vision which 
 :arries away with it and makes its own all that fixes its observa- 
 ion and acts upon its sensations. . . . Mr. Hillard is evidently a 
 scholar, a man of taste and feeling, something, -we should opine, 
 )f a poet, and unmistakably a gentleman." Fraser's Magazine. 
 
 " Mr. Hillard's work is that of a scholar and a gentleman, a man 
 f sense as well as of taste and feeling, and well prepared by his 
 irevious reading to appreciate his subject. He writes without ego 
 ism, personal or patriotic; he has no systems to support nor preju 
 dices to defend; his views are always liberal and benevolent, and 
 f not always, in our opinion, right, he is always candid. His style 
 is pointed, and is full of happy expressions and striking images : 
 occasionally it is to our taste a little too ambitious, and his illus 
 trations, though ingenious, seem to us fanciful and far-fetched; 
 ;he anxiety (perhaps derived from his profession) to enforce a point 
 leads now and then to exaggeration, not indeed of fact, but of ex 
 pression. These blemishes, however, are but slight ; and our men- 
 iion of them must be taken as a proof of the sincerity of our gene 
 ral praise." ion. Quar. Rev., April, 1858. 
 
 " Taking up the book casually, it fixed our attention at once; and 
 it is long sine we have read a volume of travels with so much 
 pleasure." Dublin Review, July, 1858. 
 The New York Albion thus closes its review : 
 '< What a pleasant business it would be, this passing judgment 
 on books, if we had many such authors to deal with ! It was with 
 listless attention that we took up the two volumes before us, not 
 withstanding that these Boston publishers have the knack of 
 courting the eye by all the tricksy niceties of typography. But let 
 no man gainsay the truth of that homely proverb which peoples 
 ocean with as good fish as ever came out of it, or rashly assert 
 that Italy is an exhausted theme ! Mr. Hillard has fairly carried 
 us with him from his first page to his last ; and we must honestly 
 avow that no modern traveller, within the scope of our pen, has 
 looked and listened so profitably to himself, and has recorded his 
 impressions in a manner so acceptable to his readers." 
 
 8. A First-Class Reader ; consisting of Extracts in Prose 
 and Verse, with Biographical and Critical Notices of the 
 Authors. For the use of Advanced Classes in Public and 
 Private Schools, 1856, 8vo, pp. 504. This vol. contains 
 156 pieces, selected from the writings of 112 authors of 
 note. 
 
 " The selections are so well made, and the brief biographical 
 sketches so convenient, that the book deserves a circulation beyond 
 the class for whom, ostensibly, it has been prepared. Asa volume 
 of ' elegant extracts,' we take pleasure in recommending it to the 
 general reader; to the instructor we can safely endorse it, as a 
 careful and judicious compilation, admirably adapted to the re 
 quirements of the higher schools." (N. York) Criterion, April 5, 
 1856, 361. 
 
 Mr. Hillard has also prepared a Second, Third, and 
 Fourth Class Reader, the whole forming a complete series 
 for the use of grammar-schools. They are being generally 
 used in most of the States of the Union. 
 
 Translator of 9. Guizot's Essay on the Character and 
 Influence of Washington, 1840, 12mo. Editor of 10. The 
 Poetical Works of Edmund Spenser, 1839, 5 vols. 12mo, 
 with a critical Introduction. This excellent edit, was pub. 
 by Little, Brown & Co. of Boston, who have issued a new 
 edit, of Spenser's Works in 1855, 5 vols. 18mo. Mr. 
 Hillard's edit, was thus commended by the du guished 
 historian of Spanish Literature : 
 
 "There is no doubt you have published the best edition of 
 Spenser yet known. But you have, I think, done more than 
 this : you have, it seems to me, published a positively good, use 
 ful, and agreeable edition of him; one that will cause him to be 
 read and enjoyed by many classes of persons who would otherwise 
 not have ventured to open his pages." GEORGE TICKJJOR: Letter to 
 the Publishers. 
 
 11. Selections from the Writings of Walter Savage 
 Landor, 1856, 12mo, pp. 301. 
 
 " If, through the vestibule this little book offers. I can persuade 
 the public to pass into the stately structure of wisdom and beauty 
 which Landor has reared, my purpose will have been accomplished." 
 Preface. 
 
 " In his admirably-written preface, Mr. Hillard has given so 
 excellent an estimate of Lander's works that he has forestalled 
 the office of the critic ; and we could say nothing on the subject 
 that he has not said in a better manner than we could hope to do." 
 (N. York). Criterion, January 12, 1856, 166. 
 
 Mr. Hillard was for some time editor of the American 
 Jurist, and wrote a number of articles for its pages; and 
 he has also been a contributor to the North American Re 
 view, the Christian Examiner, the New England Maga 
 zine, <tc. To him also we are indebted for the Life of 
 
HIL 
 
 HIL 
 
 Captain John Smith, in Sparks's Library of American 
 Biography, 1st Series, ii. 171-407. If to all these titles 
 to honourable distinction Mr. Hillard's friends should 
 claim for him the possession of poetical abilities of no 
 ordinary rank, they would feel amply prepared to vindi 
 cate the justice of their pretensions. Among the most 
 admired of his writings are the two noticed with just com 
 mendation in the following extract : 
 
 " George S. Hillard is one of the most polished writers of New 
 England. His taste is fastidious, and he is a fine rhetorician. He 
 excels in arrangement and condensation, and has an imaginative 
 expression. Of his numerous articles in The North American Re 
 view, one of the most brilliant is on Prescott's Conquest of Mexico; 
 but I think the happiest of his essays is that on the Mission of 
 the Poet, read before the Phi Beta Kappa Society." R. W. GUIS- 
 WOLD : The Intellectual History, Condition, and Prospects of the 
 Country, prefixed to his Prose Writers of America. 
 
 *' The exquisite and flowing sentences seem allied to music, and 
 touch the outward sense, as well as stir the fancy and excite the 
 reflective powers." 
 
 We have already quoted the testimonies of some emi 
 nent witnesses to the distinguished talents in the maturity 
 of their luxuriant foliage of the subject of our notice. 
 The early indications of these talents the " promise of 
 the spring" were not unnoticed by one who first planted, 
 and then stimulated to an abundant harvest, the priceless 
 seeds of knowledge in many a youthful mind. We are 
 adducing but one more to the many evidences of that 
 sagacity which so pre-eminently characterized a late emi 
 nent jurist, by the citation of the following lines : 
 
 " To some among them [his law-pupils] he was bound by the 
 warmest ties of affection ; and I cannot refrain from mentioning 
 the love and esteem he had for Charles Sumner and George 8. Hil 
 lard, whom he rather looked upon as his children than as his 
 pupils." Win. W. Story's Life of Judge Joseph Story, ii. 39. 
 
 Hillary, Wm., M.D. Medical treatises, Lon., 1735-61. 
 
 Hillhouse, James, 1754-1832, a native of Montville, 
 Connecticut, graduated at Yale College, 1773; treasurer 
 of Yale College, 1782-1832 ; member U. S. House of Re 
 presentatives. 1791-94 ; of the United States Senate, 1794- 
 1810. Mr. Hillhouse filled several important public posts 
 in his native State. He pub. a number of Speeches, <fcc. 
 See Bacon's Sketch of the Life and Character of Hon. 
 James Hillhouse; Life and Letters of Judge Joseph 
 Story, i. 158. 
 
 Hillhouse, James A., 1789-1841, son of the pre 
 ceding, was a native of New Haven, Connecticut, entered 
 Yale College at fifteen years of age, and graduated, with 
 distinguished honours, in 1808. After the war of 1812 
 he engaged in commercial pursuits in the city of New 
 York; visited Europe in 1819; was married in 1824 to 
 Miss Cornelia Lawrence, of New York; and shortly after 
 wards removed to his country-seat of Sachem's Wood, near 
 New Haven, where he resided, with the exception of an 
 nual visits to New York, during the remainder of his life. 
 Upon taking his second degree at college, Mr. Hillhouse 
 had gained great credit by his oration On the Education 
 of a Poet; and in 1812 he produced a poem of remark 
 able excellence, entitled The Judgment, a Vision, a de 
 scription of the awful scenes of the Last Day. (Pub. N. 
 York, 1812, 8vo.) This poem was rewarded, shortly after 
 its first appearance, by the enthusiastic commendation of 
 one of the most accomplished of English critics, who thus 
 concludes his review : 
 
 " In short, such is the approach to excellence, both in the con 
 ception and execution of this little poem, thaUI confess myself 
 more than commonly gratified in the opportunity of doing what 
 lies in my power towards making it further known on this side 
 the Atlantic; especially as the praise to which it is so justly en 
 titled may, in all probability, lead its author to other and more 
 extended efforts." DR. DRAKE : Evenings in Autumn, 1822, ii. 
 100-127. 
 
 Whilst in London, he pub. Percy's Masque, a Drama 
 in Five Acts; the subject of which is "the successful at 
 tempt of one of the Percies, the son of Shakspeare's Hot 
 spur, to recover his ancestral home." It was reprinted in 
 New York, "with alterations," 1820, 12mo, pp. 150, and 
 reviewed in the North American Review (xi. 384-393) by 
 a fellow-poet, William C. Bryant. Referring the reader 
 to this article, we will quote a few paragraphs : 
 
 "We are glad to meet with so respectable a production in this 
 department of literature from the pen of a native writer ; indeed, 
 we are pleased to light upon any modern tragedy in the English 
 language so well worthy of notice. . . . There is no powerful de 
 velopment of character, but the characters are consistent and well 
 sustained. . . . We think that the author of Percy's Masque is 
 to be congratulated on having escaped so well the florid and de 
 clamatory manner, with so many celebrated and seducing ex 
 amples before him. We hope, however, that, should be continue 
 to cultivate this department of the drama, he will be led to study 
 a style still more idiomatic and easy, and, particularly (for here 
 be has sinned most) with fewer capricious departures from the 
 
 natural construction." 
 
 54 
 
 "Percy's Masque reproduces the features of an era more im 
 pressed with knightly character than any in the annals of Eng 
 land. Hillhouse moves in that atmosphere quite as gracefully as 
 among the solemn and venerable traditions of the Hebrew faith. 
 His dramatic and other pieces are the first instances in the 
 country of artistic skill in the higher and more elaborate species 
 of poetic writing." H. T. Tuckerman's Sketch of American Lite 
 rature. 
 
 In 1824 Mr. Hillhouse composed the sacred drama of 
 Hadad, which was given to the world in the following 
 year, New York, 8vo, pp. 208. This admirable piece was 
 reviewed in the North American Review (xxii. 13-27) by 
 F. W. P. Greenwood; by H. Ware, Jr., in the Christian 
 Examiner, ii. 301 ; and by an unknown critic, in the United 
 States Literary Gazette, ii. 96. See also article on Hill- 
 house's Dramas, Discourses, and other Poems, (1839, 2 vols. 
 16mo,) by J. G. Palfrey, in North American Review, 1. 231- 
 262; and Literature in the Nineteenth Century America 
 in the London Athenaeum, 1833, p. 9. The author of 
 the article declares that 
 
 "This is one of those works which the Americans do not or 
 cannot appreciate. As a drama, it is throughout admirable, 
 though the excessive interest of the supernatural vein rather 
 dims the brightness of the inferior portions of the plot. . . . We 
 trust he writes malgr6 discouragement and neglect, for the time 
 will come when he will be sought for. Le bon temps for literature 
 in America is not far off." 
 
 In 1839 Mr. Hillhouse pub. (in 2 vols. 16mo) a collective 
 ed. of his writings, the title of which we have given above. 
 The vols. contain 1. Percy's Masque. 2. Hadad. 3. De- 
 metria; a domestic Italian tragedy, written in 1813, but 
 never before printed. 4. The Judgment; a Poem. 5. 
 Sachem's Wood; a Poem. 6. Phi Beta Kappa Discourse, 
 1826, at New Haven, On Some of the Considerations which 
 should influence an Epic or a Tragic Writer in the Choice 
 of an Era. 7. A Discourse before the Brooklyn Lyceum, 
 in 1836, On the Relations of Literature to a Republican 
 Government. 8. A Discourse at New Haven, 1834, in 
 Commemoration of the Life and Services of General La 
 fayette. See the Review by J. G. Palfrey, noticed above ; 
 another review in the Boston Christian Examiner, xxvii. 
 285 ; articles (on the Poem of Judgment) in the Boston 
 Christian Disciple, iii. 209 ; N. Haven Chris. M. Spec., iii. 
 466 ; an article in the N. Haven Chris. Quar. Spec., v. 238 ; 
 New Englander, Nov. 1858, (by H. T. Tuckerman ;) N. P. 
 Willis's Poem before the Linonian Society of Yale College, 
 1841 ; Everest's Poets of Connecticut ; notice of Hillhouse, 
 from materials furnished by Bishop Kip, in Griswold's 
 Poets and Poetry of America. The enthusiastic tribute 
 of a fellow-poet may appropriately conclude this notice of 
 one of the most eminent of modern dramatic authors : 
 " Hillhouse, whose music, like his themes, 
 Lifts earth to heaven, whose poet-dreams 
 Are pure and holy as the hymn 
 Echoed from harps of seraphim 
 By bards that drank at Zion's fountain, 
 
 When glory, peace, and hope were hers, 
 And beautiful upon her mountains 
 The feet of angel-messengers." 
 
 FITZ-GREENE HALLECK : The Recorder. 
 
 Hilliard, Francis, b. about 1808, in Cambridge, 
 Mass., son of William Hilliard, an eminent publisher of 
 Boston, grad. Harvard University 1823. He has been Judge 
 of Roxbury (Mass.) Police Court, Commissioner of Insol 
 vency and Judge of Insolvency for the county of Norfolk. 
 1. Digest of Pickering's Reports, vols. viii. to xiv. inc., 
 Bost., 1837, 8vo. Supp., 1843, 8vo. 2. Law of Sales of 
 Personal Property, N. York, 1841, 8vo. See 25 Amer. Jur., 
 488, xxvi. 262. 3. Amer. Law of Real Property; 2d ed,, 
 Phila., 1846, 8vo ; 3d ed., N. York, 1855, 2 vols. 8vo. This 
 work contains that portion of Cruise's Digest which the 
 American lawyer will find most needful. 
 
 " 1 know no work that we possess whose practical utility is 
 likely to be so extensively felt." JUDGE STORY. 
 
 "A work of great labour and intrinsic value." CHANCELLOR 
 KENT : Com., ii. 635, n., 5th ed. 
 
 " A work creditable to himself, and of great practical utility to 
 the profession throughout our whole country." Amer. fur. 
 
 See also 1 L. Rep., 119 ; ix. 188 ; Marvin's Leg. Bibl.387. 
 
 4. American Jurisprudence ; Elements of Law, <fcc., 2d 
 ed., 1848, 8vo. 5. Law of Mortgages of Real and Per 
 sonal Property, Bost., 1853, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " As a manual for use it will take the place of other treatises 
 on the same subject." Law Reporter. 
 
 6. Treatise on the Law of Vendors and Purchasers of 
 Real Property, 1858, 2 vols. 8vo. A Treatise on Torts, 2 
 vols. 8vo. Now (1858) in course of preparation. 
 
 Hilliard, Henry W., of Alabama. Speeches and 
 Addresses, N. York, 1855, 8vo. The most of these speeches 
 were delivered in the House of Representatives at Wash 
 ington, D.C. Appended are a number of literary addresses, 
 which have been commended. 
 
HIL 
 
 HIN 
 
 Hilliard, John. Fire from Heaven ; concerning a 
 Man burnt to ashes by Lightning, Lon., 1613, 4to. 
 
 Hilliard, Samuel, Preb. of Lincoln, and Rector 
 of Stafford, Essex. Seven occasional Serms., 1709, '12, 
 '13, '14, '17. 
 
 Hilliard, Timothy, 1746-1790, minister of Cam 
 bridge, Mass., Ac., grad. at Harvard Coll., 1764. Serms., 
 
 Hillier, James. Observations at Cape Corse ; Phil. 
 Trans., 1697. 
 
 Hills, Henry, minister of Hinxhill. A Treat, cone, 
 the Propagation of the Soul, on Eccles. xii. 7, Lon. 1667, 
 12mo. 
 
 Hillyard, Clark. Practical Farming and Grazing, 
 Breeding of Sheep and Cattle, Ac., Lon., 1836, 8vo. 
 
 "The volume contains 352 octavo pages of sound, practical 
 sense, with several very amusing anecdotes." Donaldsons Agri- 
 
 Hilman, Samuel. Tusser Redivivus, Lon., 1710, 
 8vo. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1843. 
 
 Hils, G. H. Trans, of the Odes of Casimire, Lon., 
 1646, 12mo. Dr. Drake declares that many of Casimir's 
 odes are worthy of the genius of Horace. 
 
 Hilsey, or Hildesley, John, d. 1538, Bishop of 
 Rochester, 1535. 1. The Manuall of Prayers; or, the 
 Prymer in Englyshe, Lon., 1539, 8vo. 2. De Veri Cor- 
 poris lesu in Sacramento. 3. Resolutions concerning the 
 Sacraments, Ac. See Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Hilton, John. 1. Ayres, or Fa Las for three Voyces, 
 1627. 2. Catch that catch can, Lon., 1652, 8vo. This 
 collection, we are told, 
 
 " Helped to solace the royalists in private, during the triumphs 
 of their enemies and suppression of all public amusements." See 
 Hawkins's and Burney's Histories of Music. 
 
 Hilton, or Hylton, Walter, flourished about 1440, 
 a Carthusian monk. 1. The Scale; or, Ladder of Per 
 fection, 1494, fol.; 1507, '21, '25, '33, 4to; 1659, 8vo; 1672, 
 32mo ; 1679, 8vo. The last is the ed. revised by Abr. 
 Woodhead. 
 
 This work was undertaken at the command of the pious 
 Margaret, mother of Henry VII. See Dr. Dibdin's Ames, 
 ii. 36-40, for copious extracts from " this very strange 
 performance." 
 
 The whole concludes with the following verses : 
 " Infynyte laude with thankynges manyfold, 
 I yelde to god, me socourynge with his grace, 
 This boke to fynysshe, whiche that ye beholde 
 Scale of perfeccyon calde in every place, 
 Whereof thauctor Waltre Hylton was." 
 A copy sold at the Alchorne sale for 18 18*. 
 2. A Devoute Boke, Ac. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. 
 Oxon., iii. 1164; Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 932. 
 
 Hilton, William. Relation of a Discovery lately 
 made on the Coast of Florida, Lon., 1654, 4to. Liber 
 rarissimus. 
 
 Hinchclitte, Henry John. 1. Rules of Practice 
 for the Vice- Admiralty Ct. of Jamaica, Lon., 1813, 8vo. 
 2. Carving over a Chimney-Piece at SpekeHall; Archseol., 
 1803. 
 
 Hinchcliffe, John, D.D., 1731-1794, a native of 
 Westminster, educated at Westminster, and elected to 
 Trin. Coll., Camb., 1750 ; Head-Master of Westminster 
 School, 1764; Vicar of Greenwich, 1766; Master of Trin. 
 Coll., Camb., 1768 ; Bishop of Peterborough, 1769. 1. 
 Serm., Phil. iv. 4, Lon., 1773, 4to. 2. Serm., Acts x. 34, 
 35, 1776, 4to. 3. Serm., Mai. ii. 10, 1786, 4to. 4. Serins., 
 1796, 8vo. Posth. This vol. disappointed expectations, 
 but is not without merit : 
 
 "This volume is not to be passed over amongst the common 
 run of pulpit compositions. The discourses are unaffected in 
 their manner, and exhibit traits of an energetic mind." Lon 
 Critical Review. 
 
 Another authority remarks that they are 
 "Throughout written with correctness and simplicity; and 
 they are happily calculated to support religious belief and to 
 promote virtuous manners." Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 Hinckes, Rev. Mr. Account of some Ancient MSS. 
 Trans. Ir. Acad., 1796. 
 
 Hinckes, T. Letters in Answer to Paine's Age of 
 Reason, 1796, 8vo. 
 
 Hinckley, John, D.D., 1617-1695, a native of War- 
 wickshire, educated at St. Alban's Hall, Oxford, became 
 successively Vicar of Coleshill, Berkshire, Rector of 
 Drayton, Leicestershire, and Northfield, Worcestershire 
 He pub. 1. Four Serms., Ac., Oxf., 1657, 8vo. 2. Epistola 
 Veridica, 1659, 4to. 3. Funl. Serm., 1661, 4to. 4. Per 
 euasive to Conformity, 1670, 8vo. 5. Fasciculus Literarum 
 or, Letts, on several Occasions, 1680, 8vo. The first hall 
 contains letters between Richard Baxter and Dr. H. on 
 the Divisions in the Church. 
 850 
 
 Hinckley, John, d. 1814, trans, books of Travels, 
 listory, Ac. from the German and Italian. See Watt's 
 Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Hincks, John, 1804-1831, minister of a Unitarian 
 church at Liverpool, 1827. XXIX. Serms. and Occasional 
 Services, with Memoir by John H. Thorn. Lon., 1832, 8vo. 
 Hind, Capt. James, a noted English highwayman. 
 L. His Declaration and Confession, Lon., 1651, 4to. 2. His 
 Will, 1651, 4to. 3. His Petition, 1651, 4to. A number of 
 )ieces were pub. about this notorious malefactor. See 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 933. 
 
 Hind, or Hynd, John. 1. The Mirrour of Worldly 
 Fame, Lon., 1603, 12mo, pp. 60. Reprinted in the Har- 
 eian Miscellany. 2. Eliosto Libidinoso : described in 
 two Bookes, 1606, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 920, 15. See 
 Brydges's Cens. Literaria; Collier's Poetical Decameron. 
 Hind, Rev. John, late Fellow and Tutor of Sidney 
 Sussex College. 1. Principles of the Diff. Calculus, Lon., 
 8vo. 2. Examp. of the Diff. Calculus, 8vo. 3. Elements 
 of Algebra; 5th ed., 1841, Svo ; 6th ed., 1855, 8vo. 4. In- 
 troduc. to the Elements of Algebra, 1840, 12mo. 5. Ele 
 ments of P. and S. Trigonom., 4th ed., 1841, 12mo; 5th 
 ed., 1855, 12mo. 6. Prin. and Prac. of Arithmetic ; 6th 
 ed., 1849, 12mo ; 7th ed., 1855, 12mo. Highly commended 
 by Dr. Whewell in his Cambridge Studies. 7. Prin. and 
 Prac. of Arithmetical Algebra, 1851, 12rno. 
 
 Hind, John Russell, Astronomer, Foreign Secre- 
 bary of the Royal Astronomical Society, and Superin 
 tendent of the "Nautical Almanack," has discovered a 
 large number of planets, for an account of which see Men 
 of the Time, Lon., 1856; H. M. Bouvier's Familiar As 
 tronomy, Phila., 1857. 1. The Solar System, Lon., 1846, 
 Ac., 18mo. 2. Expected Return of the Great Comet of 
 1264 and 1556, Svo, 1848. 3. Astronomical Vocabulary; 
 an Explan. of Terms, 1852, Svo. 4. Comets; a Descrip. 
 Treatise, 1852, Svo. 5. The Illustrated London Astronomy, 
 1853. 6. Atlas of Astronomy: see JOHNSTON, ALEXANDER 
 KEITH, No. 15. 
 
 Hind, Richard, D.D. Serms., 1755, '64, '65. 
 Hinde, Capt. Descrip. of the Light Horse, 1778, 8vo. 
 Hinde, Robert. Prac. H.Ct. of Chan., Lon., 1785,8vo. 
 Hinde, Samuel. Serm., Lon., 1663, 4to. 
 Hinde, or Hind, Thomas. 1. The Divinity of our 
 Saviour Proved : serm. on John i. 14, Oxf., 1717, Svo. 
 
 Hinde, Wm. 1. Substance of Serm. by J. Raynoldes, 
 Oxf., 1644, 4to. 2. Life of John Bruen, 1641, 8vo. 
 
 Hinderwell, Thomas. Hist, and Antiq. of Scar 
 borough and the Vicinity, York, 1798, Svo ; 1811, med. 
 Svo. 
 
 Hindler. Costs in the C. P. of Lancaster, 1843,12mo. 
 Hindley, Rev. George. Memorial for Children : 
 account of the Conversion, Ac. of eighteen Children, 
 1S05; 3ded., 1813, Svo. 
 
 Hindley, John Haddon. 1. Persian Lyrics, 1800. 
 4to. 2. Pendeh-i-attar, 1810, '14, 12mo. 
 
 Hindmarch, W. M. 1. Supp. to Deacon's Grim. 
 Law of Eng., Lon., 1836, 8vo. 2. Law of Patents, 1846, 
 8vo. Supp. now in Press. Amer. ed., Harrisb., 1847, Svo. 
 " We can honestly say that he has ably and amply fulfilled the 
 promise in his Preface of producing a Treatise exhibiting the Law 
 and Practice in all the details of the subject he has handled." 
 Lon. Law Mag. ; see also 10 Jurist, 150. 
 
 3. Defects of the Patent Laws, 1851, Svo. 
 Hindmarsh, James. Diet, of Correspondencies, 
 Ac. from the Works of Swedenborg, Lon., 1794, 12mo. 
 
 Hindmarsh, Robert, a printer. Theolog. treatises 
 of the Swedenborgian School of Divinity, Lon., 1792- 
 1825. 
 
 Hinds, John. 1. Groom's Oracle, Lon., 12mo; Phila., 
 1835, 12mo. 2. Manual of the Veterinary Art, Lon.,12mo. 
 3. Rules for Bad Horsemen, 1 2mo. 4. Veterinary Surgeon ; 
 2d ed., 1829, I2mo. 5. Manual of Farriery, 1841, 12mo. 
 Amer. ed.,by Thos. M. Smith, with a Supp. by J. S. Skin 
 ner, Phila. This work and Dr. Richard Mason's New Pocket 
 Farrier should be owned by all interested in horses. 
 
 " We cannot too highly recommend these books." American 
 Farmer. 
 
 Hinds, Richard Brinsley, Surgeon R.N. of H.M. 
 S. Sulphur. 1. Zoology of the Voyage of the Sulphur, 
 Lon., 1843-45, r. 4to; vol. i. 3 16*.; vol. ii. 1 14s. 2. 
 Botany of do., 1844, 4to, 3 3*. Mr. Hinds accompanied 
 Sir Edward Belcher in his Voyage round the World in 
 H. M. S. Sulphur, 1836-42. 
 
 Hinds, Samuel, D.D., Vice-Princ. of St. Alban's Hall, 
 Oxford; Bp. of Norwich, 1849. 1. Sonnets and other Sa 
 cred Poems, p. Svo. 2. The Three Temples of the One 
 True God Contrasted, 1830; 3d ed., 1857, Svo. 3. Inspi 
 ration and Authority of Scripture, 1831, Svo. 4. Scripture 
 
HIN 
 
 HIT 
 
 and the authorized Version of Scripture, 1853, 12mo. 5. 
 Catechist's Manual, 2d ed., 1855, 12mo. 
 
 " Learned, pious, and practical." Bicker ste.th's C. S. 
 
 6. Hist, of Christianity, 1829, 2 vols. 8vo j 1846, '50, 
 '53, 8vo. Division i. pub. separately in 1 vol. 8vo. Ori 
 ginally pub. in Encyc. Metropol. See British Critic, 
 v. 135. 
 
 " Erudite research is here combined with independent thought. 
 The historical narrative flows gracefully along. A certain agree 
 able tone of generous and liberal feeling pervades the work." 
 Scottish Guardian. 
 
 "An admirable compend, frank and liberal." United Presby. 
 Mag. 
 
 Hingeston, H. Dreadful Alarm upon the Clouds 
 of Heaven mixed with Love, Exeter, 1703, 8vo. It has 
 been suggested that this vol. should accompany Stubbes's 
 Anatomic of Abuses. 
 
 Hingham, Sir Ralph tie. See HENGHAM. 
 
 Hinkley, E. Acts of the Assembly of Maryland on 
 the Subject of Attachment, Bait., 1836, 8vo. 
 
 Hinton, Benjamin. Eighteen Serms.,Lon.,1650,4to. 
 
 Hinton, Isaac Taylor, a brother of JOHN HOWARD 
 HINTON, post. History of Baptism, Phila., 1840, 12mo. 
 Revised by J. Howard Hinton, Lon., 3841, 12mcr. 
 
 Hinton, James. Vindic. of Dissenters, 1792, 8vo. 
 
 Hinton, John. Serm., Lon., 1685, 4to. 
 
 Hinton, Sir John. Memoires of Sir John Hinton, 
 Physician-in-Ordinary to his Majestie's Person, 1629, 
 Lon., 1814, 12mo. 100 copies printed. 
 
 Hinton, John Howard, minister of the Baptist 
 congregation, Devonshire Square, Bishopgate Street, has 
 acquired considerable reputation both as a preacher and 
 as an author. In addition to many theological, biogra 
 phical, and other works, he has given t the world The 
 History and Topography of the United States of N. Ame 
 rica, from their First Discovery and Colonization to 1826. 
 By J. H. H., assisted by several literary gentlemen in Eu 
 rope and America. 100 Maps and Plates. Pub. in Nos. : 
 finished in 1832, 2 vols. 4to ; N. York, revised by S. L. 
 Knapp, 1834, 8vo. New ed., Lon., 1842, 2 vols. 4to; also 
 1843, 2 vols. imp. 8vo. Amer. ed., with Continuation, 
 edited by JOHN OVERTON CHOULES, D.D., q. v. See Revue 
 Encyclopedique, Paris; Lon. Evangel. Mag., June, 1832: 
 and see notices of Mr. Hinton, in the Metropolitan Pulpit; 
 Men of the Time, 1856. 
 
 Hinton, Wm. Life and Meditations, 1665, 4to. 
 
 Hioan, G. R. Thoughts on Prophecy, 1808, 8vo. 
 
 Hippesley, Colonel George. Expedition to Vene 
 zuela in 3817, Lon., 1819, 8vo. See Blackwood's Mag., 
 Sept. 1819. This is the book used by Byron as a narcotic 
 after dinner : 
 
 " Fletcher, his valet, brought it regularly with the table-cloth. 
 Its soporific qualities, he amusingly remarked, were truly asto 
 nishing, surpassing those of any ordinary narcotic : the perusal of 
 a few pages sufficed to lull him asleep, and obtained him a favour 
 able siesta when indisposed, or in bad humour with himself." 
 Voyage from, Leghorn to Ce.phalon.ia with Lord Byron, by J. H. 
 Browne : Blackwood's Mag., Jan. 1834. 
 
 Hippesley, J. H. Chapters on Early English Litera 
 ture, Lon., 1837, p. 8vo. 
 
 "There is throughout this volume much knowledge, correct and 
 tasteful criticism, and familiarity with the subject. We do not 
 know a better introduction to the study of our old poets." Lon. 
 Gent. Mag. 
 
 Hippisley. Essays on Africa, Lon., 1764, 8vo. 
 
 Hippisley, Sir John Coxe, M.P., LL.D., 1765-1825, 
 pub. several speeches, political tracts, 1806-13, and a trea 
 tise on Prison Discipline in 1823. 
 
 Hiquaeus, Antonius, an Irishman. Com. in Lib. 
 quartum Sententiarum Scoti, Lugd., 1639. 
 
 Hiraethoc, Gruffyd. Ou Synnwyr pen Kembero 
 ygyd, Wedyrgynnull ; ei gynnwys aegyfansoddi mewn 
 crynobad ddosparthus a threfnodic awedrwy ddyual 
 ystry w. Gruffyd Hiraethoc prydydd o wynedd. Is. Comvy, 
 Lon., by Nycholas Hyll, 8vo. The poet whose name is 
 attached to this collection of British Proverbs Gruffyd 
 Hiraethoc flourished about 1500, in North Wales. 
 
 Hird, Wm., M.D. Profess, treatises, Ac., 1751, '53, '81. 
 Hirst, Augusta Ann. Helen ; a Tale, 1807, 2 vols. 
 Hirst, Henry B., a native of Philadelphia, and a 
 member of the Bar of that city, commenced his career as 
 an author by poetical contributions to Graham's Magazine, 
 which met with public favour and were widely copied into 
 the journals of the day. He has since published three 
 volumes, viz. : 1. The Coming of the Mammoth, The Fu 
 neral of Time, and other Poems, Bost., 1845. 2. Endy- 
 mion, a Tale of Greece; a Poem in four Cantos, 1848. 
 3. The Penance of Roland, a Romance of the Peine Forte 
 et Dure; and other Poems, 1849. For critical notices of 
 these works we refer the reader to Griswold's Poets and 
 
 Poetry of America; Duyckincks' Cyclopedia of Amer. 
 Literature ; and Poe's Literati. 
 
 Hirst, William, Master of the Free School, Hert 
 ford. Necessity and Advantages of Education, Lon., 
 1728, sm. 8vo. 
 
 Hirst, Rev. William. 1. A Fire-Bail seen at Horn- 
 sey ; Phil. Trans., 1754. 2. Ingress of Venus ; Phil. Trans., 
 1769. 
 
 Hisinger. 1. The Stone Pyrophysalite ; Nic. Jour., 
 1808. 2. Niccolanum; Thorn. Ann. Philos., 1813. 
 
 Hitchcock, David, a shoemaker, b. 1773, at Bethlem, 
 Litchfield county, Conn., pub. in 1806, at Boston, a vol. of 
 Poetical Works, the chief poem of which The Shade of 
 Plato; or, A Defence of Religion, Morality, and Govern 
 menthas been thought to possess considerable merit. 
 See Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. ; Autobiography pre 
 fixed to Hitchcock's Poetical Works. 
 
 Hitchcock, Edward, D.D., LL.D., an eminent geo 
 logist, b. at Deerfield, Mass., May 24, 1793, became prin 
 cipal of an academy in his native town in 1816, and 
 retained this situation for three years, when he was 
 ordained, and subsequently was pastor of the Congrega 
 tional church at Conway, Mass.; Professor of Chemistry 
 and Natural History in Amherst College, 1825; appointed 
 to make a Geological Survey of Massachusetts in 1830, 
 and again in 1837 ; President of Amherst College, and 
 Professor of Natural Theology and Geology, 1844 ; Agri 
 cultural Commissioner for Massachusetts, to visit the Agri 
 cultural Schools of Europe, 1850. In 1854 Dr. Hitchcock 
 was induced by increasing bodily infirmities to resign the 
 Presidency of Amherst College ; but he still retains (1858) 
 the Chair of Natural Theology and Geology. He was 
 succeeded in the presidency by the Rev. Dr. William A. 
 Stearns. Among Dr. Hitchcock's early literary labours 
 were the preparation of an almanac for four years, (1815- 
 18,) and the composition of a Tragedy pub. in 1815, en 
 titled The Downfall of Buonaparte. He has since then 
 given to the world a number of works which have con 
 ferred upon him a distinguished reputation both in Europe 
 and America. 1. Geology of the Connecticut Valley, 1823. 
 2. Catalogue of Plants within Twenty Miles of Amherst, 
 1829. 3. Dyspepsia Forestalled and Resisted, 1830. 4. An 
 Argument for Early Temperance. Reprinted in London. 
 5. First Report on the Economic Geology of Massachu 
 setts, 1832. 6. Report on the Geology, Zoology, and 
 Botany of Massachusetts, with Plates, 1833, 8vo; 2d ed., 
 1835, 8vo. 
 
 "To Massachusetts belongs the honour of having made the first 
 complete geological survey of a whole state under the authority 
 of government ; the surveys of this nature in Europe having been 
 made by individual exertion, and seldom or partially accomplished 
 by the aid of government." N. Amer. Rev., xlii. 422-448, q. v. } by 
 C. T. Jackson. 
 
 7. Report on a Re-examination of the Economical Geo 
 logy of Massachusetts, 1838, 8vo. See N. Amer. Rev., 
 xlvii. 250-253. 8. A Wreath for the Tomb, 1839. Re 
 printed in London, 1842, fp. 8vo, with a Recommendatory 
 Preface, by J. Pye Smith, D.D. 
 
 " The Wreath for the Tomb is a very remarkable work. The 
 select passages are appropriate, and of a tendency harmonizing 
 with the other parts of the volume ; but the Sermon and the Es 
 say are the things which give to this little volume its extraor 
 dinary value." Lon. Congreg. Mag. 
 
 9. Elementary Geology, 1840, 12rao; 2d Lon. ed., by J. 
 Pye Smith, D.D., 1841, cr. 8vo; 8th Lon. ed., 1849, p. 8vo. 
 New Amer. ed., revised and enlarged, with Dr. J. P. Smith's 
 Preface, 1854, 12mo, pp. 416. 
 
 "It is an admirable work, and has been my carriage-companion 
 for some time." DR. G. A. MANTELL : Letter to Dr. Hitchcock. 
 
 " Professor Hitchcock's excellent work on Elementarv Geology." 
 Da. BUCKLAND : Address before tlte, London Geolog. Soc., 1841. 
 
 " I shall recommend it in my Lectures." PROF. B. SILLIMAN. 
 LL.D., of Tale College: Lettei- to Dr. Hitchcock. 
 
 And see N. Amer. Rev., Hi. 103-109, by S. L. Dana; 
 Ivi. 435-451, by C. B. Adams; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xi. 
 216. 
 
 10. Final Repart on the Geology of Massachusetts, 1841, 
 2 vols. 4to, pp. 831, plates 55. See N. Amer. Rev., Ivi. 
 435-451. 11. Fossil Footsteps in the United States, 1848. 
 12. Hist, of a Zoological Temperance Convention in Cen 
 tral Africa, 1850, 18mo; 1854, 16mo. 13. Religious Lects. 
 on the Peculiar Phenomena of the Four Seasons, 1850, 
 12mo ; 1853, 12mo. These Lectures were delivered to the 
 Students of Amherst College in 1845, '47, '48, '49. 14. The 
 Religion of Geology and its Connected Sciences, 1851, 
 12mo. Two eds. pub. in London, 1851, p. 8vo and 12mo. 
 New Lon. ed., 1855, 12mo. 
 
 " A work eminent for candor, science, and learning, which re 
 conciles seeming difficulties, and adds to the general character of 
 the subject discussed by great force and beauty of style." PRESI 
 DENT KING, of Columbia College. 
 
HIT 
 
 HOA 
 
 See also Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxxi. 468. 15. Report on 
 the Agricultural Schools of Europe, 1851. 16. Memoir of 
 Mary Lyon, 1851, 12mo. 17. Lects. on Diet, Regimen, and 
 Employment, 12mo; being an enlarged ed. of No. 3. 18. 
 Outlines of the Geology of the Globe, and of the United 
 States in Particular, 1853, 8vo. 19. Religious Truth Illus 
 trated from Science, Boston, 1857, 12mo. 20. Illustrations 
 of Surface Geology, pp. 155, 12 plates; pub. by Smithsonian 
 Institution, Washington, 1856, 4to. 21. Rep. to the Govt. 
 of Massachusetts on the Ichnology of N. England, pp. 200, 
 60 plates, 4to. To Dr. Hitchcock we are also indebted for an 
 Introduc. to Dennis Crofton's Genesis and Geology, Boat., 
 16mo; and an Introduction to a new ed. of the Plurality of 
 Worlds, 1855, 12mo. See BREWSTER, SIR DAYID, LL.D. 
 and K.H. In addition to these labours, he has pub-v eight 
 Addresses, a number of Sermons and Tracts, and contri 
 buted about forty scientific papers to Sillhnan's Journal, 
 several articles to the American Biblical Repository on the 
 Connexion between Religion and Geology, Ac., and has 
 also contributed to the Bibliotheca Sacra, <fcc. The reader 
 must not fail to peruse the papers in the American Biblical 
 Repository, v. 439 ; vi. 261 ; vii. 448 ; ix. 78 ; x. 328 ; xi. 1. 
 See also the articles on the Geology of Massachusetts, in 
 Amer. Jour, of Sci., i. 106, xxii. 1 ; and see Amer. Jour, 
 of Sci., xli. 232 ; Westm. Rev., xxxviii. 40. 
 
 Hitchcock, Enos, D.D., d. 1803, aged 58, minister 
 of Providence, R.L, grad. at Harvard Coll., 1767, pub. a 
 work on Education, 1790, 2 vols. 12mo, an Essay on the 
 Lord's Supper, and four serms., 1793-1800. 
 
 Hitchcock, Ethan Allen, General U.S. Army, a 
 distinguished soldier, b. 1798, at Vergennes, Vermont, re 
 linquished the sword for the pen in 1855. 1. Remarks 
 upon Alchemy and the Alchemists, Bost., 1857, 12mo. 2. 
 Swedenborg a Hermetic Philosopher, N.Y., 1858, 12mo. 
 See Appleton's New American Cyclopaedia for a bio 
 graphical account of General Hitchcock. 
 
 Hitchcock, Gad, D.D., d. 1803, aged 85, minister 
 of Pembroke, Mass., grad. at Harvard Coll., 1743, pub. 
 five serms., 1757, '71, '74, '79. 
 
 Hitchcock, Henry. The Alabama Justice, 1822, 8vo. 
 
 Hitchcock, J. Poems, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Hitchcock, John. A Sanctuary for Honest Men; 
 or, an Abstract of Human Wisdom, Lon., 1617, 8vo. 
 
 Hitchcock, or Hichock, Robert, of Caverfield, 
 Buckingham, a Captain during the Wars in the Low 
 Countries in 1586. 1. A Pollitique Platt, Lon., 1580, 4to. 
 This is an historical tract. Hibbert, 3940, 1 13*. 2. The 
 QuintesenceofWit; trans, out of the Italian tung, 1590,4to. 
 
 Hitchcock, Robert. Historical View of the Irish 
 Stage, Dubl., 1788-94, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Hitchcock, Thomas, D.D. Serm., 2 Pet. ii. 5, Oxf., 
 1761, 8vo. 
 
 Hitchener, Win. H. Plays, Novels, Ac., 1804-14. 
 
 Hitchin, Charles. 1. Lett, to Mr. Hoadley, Norw., 
 1711, 8vo. 2. Receivers and Thief- Takers of London, 
 Ac., Lon., 1718, 4to. 
 
 Hitchin, Edward. On Infant Baptism, Lon., 1710, 
 8vo. 
 
 Hitchin, Edward. Serms., <fec., 1752-72. 
 
 Hitchins, Fortescue. 1. The Sea-Shore; with 
 other Poems, 1810, 8vo. 2. The Hist, of Cornwall; edited 
 by Samuel Drew Helston, 1824, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 Hitchins, Rev. Malachi. 1. Silver found in Her- 
 land Copper Mine ; Phil. Trans., 1801. 2. Roman Urn dis 
 covered in Cornwall; Archaeol., 1803. 
 
 Hitchmugh, Richard. Serms., York, 1722, both 8vo. 
 
 Hitt, Thomas. 1. Treatise of Fruit- Trees, Lon., 
 1753, 8vo; 3d ed., 1768, 8vo. 
 
 "His treatise on fruit-trees was much esteemed." Donaldson's 
 Agricult. Biog. 
 
 2. A Treatise of Husbandry, 1760, Svo. 
 
 "The author writes very pertinently on enclosing waste lands, 
 bringing the grounds into cultivation, and the raising of tim 
 ber-trees." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Hind, or Hinst, John. The Storie of Stories ; or, 
 the Life of Christ, Lon., 1632, Svo. 
 
 Hoadly, Benjamin, D.D., 1676-1761, a native of 
 Westerbam, Kent, admitted of Catherine Hall, Cambridge, 
 I \\^ W 5 1C J e became Fell ^ and Tutor ; Lecturer of 
 St. Mildred, London, 1701 ; Rector of St. Peter-le-Poor, 
 London, 1704; Rector of Streatham, Surrey, 1710; Bishop 
 of Bangor, 1715; Bishop of Hereford, 1721; Bishop of 
 Salisbury, 1723; Bishop of Winchester, 1734 Bishop 
 Hoadly pub. a number of sermons and controversial tracts, 
 political and theological, which were collected and pub. by 
 his son, lohn Hoadly, Chancellor of the Diocese of Win 
 chester, 1773, 3 vols. fol. He first attracted attention by a 
 
 Letter to Mr. Fleetwood, occasioned by bis late Essay on 
 Miracles, 1702, 4to, which we have already noticed : see 
 FLEETWOOD, WILLIAM, D.D. This was followed by The 
 Reasonableness of Conformity to the Church of England, 
 1703, Svo, which he supported by some other tracts. He 
 had here for bis opponent the excellent Mr. Calamy, who 
 represented the Dissenters of his way of thinking. See 
 CALAMY, EDMUND. In 1707, Svo, Hoadly pub. A Brief 
 Defence of Episcopal Ordination : 
 
 "I like both the design and doctrine, as I do every design of 
 reconciling religion with reason, or, where that may not be done, 
 of bringing them as near together as possible." DR. MIDDLETON. 
 
 In 1735, Svo, he gave to the world A Plain Account of 
 the Nature and End of the Lord's Supper; a Defence of 
 the same, 1735, '48, 8vo. This elicited a number of 
 answers, a list of which will be found in Dr. Home's Cat. 
 of the Queen's Library at Cambridge, and in Watt's Bibl. 
 Brit Those who have not time or disposition to read all 
 these treatises can remember Mr. Bickersteth's hint that 
 Warren and Law's responses 
 
 " Sufficiently show the nature of and answer Bishop Hoadly'a 
 work." Christian Student. 
 
 But the most memorable warfare in which Hoadly was 
 engaged was that known as the Bangorian Controversy. 
 This was elicited by a sermon, preached before the king 
 in 1717, on St. John xviii. 36 : " My kingdom is not of this 
 world:" 
 
 "The manner in which he explained the text was, that the 
 clergy bad no pretensions to any temporal jurisdictions; but this 
 was answered by Dr. Snape, [Letter to the Bishops of Bangor, 
 1717, 8vo;] and, in the course of the debate, the argument in 
 sensibly changed from the rights of the clergy to that of princes, 
 in the government of the church. Bishop Hoadly strenuously 
 maintained that temporal princes had a right to govern in eccle 
 siastical politics. His most able opponent was the celebrated 
 William Law, [The Bishop of Bangor's Late Sermon and his Letter 
 to Dr. Snape in defence of it answered, 1717, 8vo,] who, in some 
 material points, may be said to have gai^d a complete victory." 
 
 The inquisitive reader who desires to master this cele 
 brated Controversy will find a guide in a vol. entitled An 
 Account of all the considerable Pamphlets that have been 
 published on the Present Controversy between the Bishop 
 of Bangor and others to 1718, with a Continuation to 
 1719, Svo, 1719-20. Some forty or fifty tracts were pub. 
 upon this vexata qusestiS. As an encouragement (!) to the 
 reader who is impatient to spend a few winter evenings 
 in the digestion of this knotty matter, we quote the ex 
 perience of one of our most learned and acute of modern 
 literary critics : 
 
 "A long and celebrated war of pens instantly commenced, 
 known by the name of the Bangorian Controversy ; managed, 
 perhaps on both sides, with all the chicanery of polemical writers, 
 and disgusting both from its tediousness, and from the manifest 
 unwillingness of the disputants to speak ingenuously what they 
 meant." 
 
 Then follows this note: 
 
 " These qualities are so apparent, that after turning over some 
 forty or fifty tracts, and consuming a good many hours on the 
 Bangorian Controversy, I should find some difficulty in stating 
 with decision the propositions in dispute." Hallam's Constit. 
 Hist, of Enqland, ed. 1854 ; iii. 243-244. Read the whole of these 
 remarks, which throw considerable light upon the subject. 
 
 Bishop Hoadly's Sermons (1754-55, 2 vols. Svo; Dis 
 courses, 4th ed., 1734, Svo; and see his collected Works) 
 are highly valued : 
 
 " Hoadly is very exact and judicious, and both his essence and 
 style just, close, and clear." DR. WATERLAND. 
 
 As regards style, Pope complains of his long sentences : 
 
 " Swift for closer style, 
 But Hoadly for a period of a mile." 
 
 But the reader must also peruse Akenside's Compli 
 mentary Ode to Hoadly. 
 
 Hoadly, Benjamin, M.D., 1706-1757, eldest son 
 of the preceding, and a native of London, educated at 
 Bene't College, Cambridge, wrote the famous comedy of 
 The Suspicious Husband, 1747, Svo; assisted Hogarth in 
 his Analysis of Beauty ; wrote Three Lects. on The Or 
 gans of Respiration, 1737, pub. 1746, 4to; pub. a medical 
 oration, 1742, Svo; and gave to the world, in association 
 with Mr. Wilson, Electrical Experiments, 1756, 4to. See 
 Biog. Brit. ; Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Hoadly, Charles J., State Librarian, Connecticut. 
 Records of the Colony or Jurisdiction of New Haven, 
 from May, 1653, to the Union ; together with the New Haven 
 Code of 1656, Hartford, 1858, Svo. See (N. York) Hist. 
 Mag., Oct. 1858, 317. 
 
 Hoadly, John, D.D., d. 1747, Bishop of Leighlin 
 and Ferns, 1727 ; trans, to Dublin, 1729; and to the arch 
 bishopric of Armagh, 1742. Occasional Serms., 1704-17. 
 
 Hoadly, John, LL.D., 1711-1776, youngest son of 
 Bishop Hoadly, was educated at Corpus Christi College, 
 
HOA 
 
 HOB 
 
 Cambridge, became Preb. of Westminster, and received 
 other preferments. 1. Love's Revenge; a Pastoral, 1737, 
 4to. 2. Jephtha; an Oratorio, 1737, 8vo. 3. Phoebe; a 
 Pastoral, 1748, 8vo. 4. The Force of Truth; an Oratorio, 
 1764. 
 
 He wrote a number of poems in Dodsley's Collection, 
 pub. his father's works, (ante,) and is supposed to have 
 assisted his brother in The Suspicious Husband. He also 
 revised Lillo's Arden of Feversham, wrote the 5th act of 
 Miller's Mahomet, and left some dramatic works in MS. 
 See Biog. Dramat. ; Dodsley's Collection of Poems. 
 
 Hoadly, Loammi Ives, b. at Northford, Conn., 
 1790, graduated at Yale College, 1817 ; studied theology 
 at Andover, and was one year Resident Licentiate on the 
 Abbot Foundation ; supplied the Old South Church, Boston, 
 for the most of that year ; for four years pastor of the 
 Waldo Calvinist Church, Worcester, Mass. ; has had 
 charge of several churches in New England ; was for one 
 year Winter Instructor in Sacred Rhetoric in the absence 
 of Professor Porter; assistant editor of the Comprehen 
 sive Commentary of the Bible; (see ARNALD, RICHARD;) 
 edited the 6th vol. of the Spirit of the Pilgrims; edited 
 for many years most of the works pub. by the Mass. Sab 
 bath-School Society ; author of an Essay pub. in Tucker's 
 work on Predestination; contributor to Mothers' Maga 
 zine, Christian Spectator, and various religious publica 
 tions. 
 
 Hoadly, Samuel. The Accidence, in Questions and 
 Answers, Lon., 1683, 1737, 8vo. 
 
 Hoar, Leonard, M.D., d. 1675, aged about 45, Presi 
 dent of Harvard College, 1672-75, wrote an excellent 
 letter to Josiah Flint, giving him direction in his studies, 
 pub. in the Mass. Hist. Collec. See Magnalia ; Mass. Hist. 
 Collec., vi. 100-108. 
 
 Hoard, Samuel, d. 1657, Rector of Moreton, Essex. 
 1. God's Love to Mankind manifested by disproving his 
 absolute Decree for their Damnation, 1633, 4to. Anon. 
 Answered by Bishop John Davenant, Camb., 1641, 8vo, 
 and by Dr. Wm. Twisse, Oxf., 1653, fol. Hoard's sermon 
 is very rarely met with. 2. Serm., Lon., 1636, 8vo. 3. The 
 Church's Authority asserted in a Serm. on 1 Cor. xiv. 40, 
 1637, 4to; and in Dr. Geo. Hickes's Tracts, 1709, 8vo, p. 
 190. 
 
 Hoare, Hon. Charles. Divine Meditations; with 
 a Daily Directory, 1804, 12mo. 
 
 Hoare, Charles James, Vicar of Godstone, Arch 
 deacon of Surrey, and Canon of Winchester, formerly of 
 St. John's College, Cambridge, and Vicar of Blandford 
 Forum, Dorset. 1. Serms. on the Christian Character, &c., 
 1821, 8vo; 3d ed., 1822, 8vo. 
 
 " Ardent piety without enthusiasm, discretion without coldness, 
 and orthodoxy without bigotry." Lon. Chris. Observer. 
 
 2. The Course of Divine Judgments : 8 Lects. in Advent, 
 1831, 8vo ; 1832. 3. Principles of the Tracts for the Times, 
 1841, 8vo. 4. Office of Public Infant Baptism illustrated 
 and explained, 1848, fp. 8vo. 
 
 " A valuable accession to our popular theology." CJi. of Eng. 
 Quar. Rev. 
 
 Archdeacon Hoare has also pub. several occasional 
 serms., <fcc. 
 
 Hoare, Edward, incumbent of Christ's Church, 
 Ramsgate, has pub. The Scriptural Principles of our Pro 
 testant Church, Lon., 1845, 18mo; 1847, 12mo; and other 
 works. 
 
 Hoare, George Richard. 1. Modern Europe in 
 Miniature, 1811, 18mo. 2. The Young Traveller; a Tale, 
 1812, 18tno. 
 
 Hoare, John. Serms., 1815. 8vo. 
 
 Hoare, Nicholas. Features of the Gospel, 1806, Svo. 
 
 Hoare, Peter Richard. Treatises on subjects of 
 Political Economy, 1811, '12, '13, '16. See Watt's Bibl. 
 Brit. 
 
 Hoare, Prince, 1755-1834, Secretary to the Royal 
 Academy, a painter and dramatic author, b. in Bath, 
 England, wrote twenty plays, several treatises on the fine 
 arts, Memoirs of Granville Sharp, Esq., fcc., pub. 1788- 
 1828. See Biog. Dramat. ; Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Lon. Gent. 
 Mag., June, 1835. 
 
 Hoare, Richard. A Journal of his Shrievalty in 
 1740-41, from his own MS., Bath, 1815, r. 4to. Privately 
 printed by Sir Richard Colt Hoare, Bart. 
 
 Hoare, Sir Richard Colt, Bart., 1758-1838, an 
 eminent antiquary, the eldest son of Sir Richard Hoare, 
 the first baronet, was the author of several valuable publica 
 tions, some of the most important of which we have already 
 noticed. A list of his works, with a biography of the writer, 
 will be found in Lon. Gent. Mag., July, 1838. We instance 
 
 the following : 1. The Itinerary of Archbishop Baldwin 
 through Wales ; trans, into English, and illustrated with 
 Views, Annotations, and a Life of Giraldus, Lon., 1806, 2 
 vols. 4to. See BARRY, GIRALD, p. 134. See also Edin. 
 Rev., viii. 399-413. 2. A Tour through the Isle of Elba, 
 1814, r. 4to. 3. A Classical Tour through Italy, 1819, 2 
 vols. 4to ; an ed. in 3 vols. 8vo. See EUSTACE, JOHN 
 CHETWODK, p. 563-564. 4. The History of Ancient Wilt 
 shire, 1810-21, 5 Pts. imp. fol. ; often bound in 2 vols., 
 21; large-paper copies, 31 10s. Sir Richard now com 
 menced, assisted by able coadjutors, The Modern History 
 of South Wiltshire, of which Pt 1 The Hundred of Mere- 
 was pub. in 1822, and the last portion in 1843. Bound in 
 6 vols. fol., 42; large paper, 74. At the present date 
 (1856) only about 20 perfect copies remain in the hands 
 of the publishers, Messrs. Nichols of London. These they 
 offer at 30 for small paper; 60 for large-paper copies, 
 bound either in 5 very large vols, or in 12 smaller ones. 
 Sir Richard did not live to see this great work completed, 
 nor was he able to include, as he had designed, the mo 
 dern history of North Wiltshire. May we not yet hope 
 for such a supplement as he would have rejoiced to see ? 
 His principal assistants in the Modern History of South 
 Wiltshire were the Lord Arundell of Wardour, the Rev. 
 John Offer; H. Wansey, Esq.; R. Harris, Esq. ; C. Bowles, 
 Esq.; W. H. Black, Esq.; George Matcbam, Esq., LL.D., 
 of Newhouse; R.Benson, Esq.; H. Hatcher, Esq.; and 
 J. G. Nichols, Esq. We have already indicated our appre 
 ciation of enlightened topographical investigations of this 
 character in our notice of George Baker's Hist, and Antiq. 
 of Northamptonshire, p. 103. Sir Richard collected a 
 museum of curiosities of great value: see Gent. Mag., 
 1846, Pt. 1, 73. See also Dibdin's Lib. Comp. for an ac 
 count of his library, of which he printed two partial cata 
 logues, Hist, and Topog. of Italy, 1812, r. Svo, Hist, and 
 Topog. of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, 1815, 
 Svo, both privately printed for presents : 12 copies of the 
 former, 25 of the latter. 
 
 Hoare, Robert J. Fast Serm., 1807. 
 
 Hoare, Rev. William Henry, late Fellow of St. 
 John's College, Cambridge. 1. The Harmony of the Apo 
 calypse, &c., Lon., 1848, r. Svo. 2. Outlines of Eccles. 
 Hist, before the Reformation, 1852, 18mo. 
 
 Hobart, Sir Henry, Lord Chief- Justice of the Court 
 of Common Pleas temp. James I. Reports in the reign of 
 K. James I., with some few Cases in the reign of Q. Eliza 
 beth, Lon., 1641, 4to; 1650, 71, '78, '83, fol. New ed., 
 with addits., by Edward Chilton, 1724, fol. 1st Amer. 
 from the last English ed., by Judge J. M. Williams, Bost, 
 1829, Svo. The Amer. ed. is on the whole preferable to 
 the best English ed. that of 1724; but Judge Williams 
 has unfortunately left out several cases which he deemed 
 of not much importance to the American lawyer. This 
 omission is to be much regretted, and it involves the ne 
 cessity of purchasing both eds. Professor Greenleaf con 
 templated editing Hobart's Reports, but relinquished the 
 design and gave his notes to Judge Williams, who has 
 inserted them in the early part of his ed. See Judge 
 Story's Miscell. Writings, 1852, 274; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 
 389-390, and authorities there cited. An interesting 
 biographical notice of Judge Hobart will be found in 
 Wallace's Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 162-167. 
 
 "A most learned, prudent, and religious judge." LORD COKE. 
 
 "A great loss to the community." SIR HENRY SPELMAN. 
 
 Hobart, John Henry, D.D., 1775-1830, a native of 
 Philadelphia, descended from Joshua Hobart, one of the 
 early settlers of Massachusetts Bay, graduated at Prince 
 ton College, New Jersey, in 1793, and was appointed tutor 
 in that institution in 1796; ordained by Bishop White in 
 1798, and stationed successively at Trinity Church, Ox 
 ford, All-Saints' Church, Pequestan, Christ Church, New 
 Brunswick, a country parish at Hempstead, Long Island, 
 andatTrinity Church, New York; elected Assistant Bishop 
 j of New York, 1811 ; sole Bishop, 1816. He was also Pro 
 fessor of Theology and Eloquence in the General Pro 
 testant Episcopal Seminary, New York, of which he was 
 one of the principal founders. During his ministry at 
 Hempstead, Long Island, he married a daughter of the 
 Rev. Dr. Thomas B. Chandler, the well-known advocate of 
 Episcopacy in the early ecclesiastical annals of America, 
 (Tracts, pub. 1767-74.,) 1. Companion for the Altar, N. 
 York, 1804; 13th ed., 1840, Svo. Edited by Rev. J. Col- 
 lingwood, Lon., 1849, 18ino. 2. Companion for the Festi 
 vals and Fasts, N. York, 1S04; 21st ed., 1856, cr. 8vo. 
 3. Apology for Apostolic Order, 1807. New ed., 1844, Svo. 
 Originally pub. as a reply to the comments of the Rev. 
 John M. Mason, in the Christian Magazine. 4. Charge to 
 
HOB 
 
 HOB 
 
 the Clergy, 1815. 5. State of Departed Spirits, Ac., new 
 ed., 1846, 12mo. Originally appended to No. 4. 6. Address 
 to the New York Bible and C. P. Book Society, 1815. 7. 
 thanksgiving Sermon. 8. Address to the Episcopal Mis 
 sionary Society, 1817. 9. Communicant's Manual, 32mo. 
 
 10. Revision of Claude on the Composition of a Sermon. 
 
 11. Serms. on Redemption, Ac., Lon., 1824, 2 vols. 8vo; 
 N. York, 1824, 2 vols. 8vo. 12. A Discourse comparing the 
 U. States with England, Ac., 1826, 8vo ; 2 eds. pub. in N. 
 York ; Lon., 1826, '28, 8vo. The 2d N. York ed. has some 
 addit. notes. 13. The Clergyman's Companion, edit, by Bp. 
 L. S. Ives, N. York ; new ed., 1855, 12mo. 14. The Chris 
 tian's Manual of Faith and Devotion, 1850, 12mo. 15. An 
 edit of D'Oyly and Mant's Commentary on the Bible, 
 1818-20, 2 vols. 4to. Already noticed by us : see D'OYLY, 
 GEORGE, D.D., p. 518. 16. Posthumous Works, with a 
 Memoir by Rev. Wm. Berrian, 1833, 3 vols. 8vo. See also 
 The Early, Professional, and Closing Years of Bishop Ho- 
 bart, by Rev. John McVickar, Prot. Epis. Press , also Ox 
 ford, 1838, 8vo, with a Pref. containing a Hist, of the Ch. in 
 America, by W. F. Hook, D.D., Vicar of Leeds. And see a 
 Memoir of Bishop Hobart, by Rev. Dr. Schroeder, N. York, 
 12mo. 
 
 Bishop Hobart was a zealous advocate for the necessity 
 of Episcopal ordination, and had (as we have seen) a con 
 troversy on this subject with the Rev. John M. Mason, D.D., 
 of New York, and also (in 1811) with the Rev. J. C. Jones, 
 an Episcopal clergyman. Dr. Mason's work, entitled 
 Claims to Episcopacy Refuted, in a Review of the Essays 
 of Bp. Hobart, Ac., was pub., Lon., 1838, 12mo, with an 
 Introduction and Appendix, by the Rev. John Blackburn, 
 of Pentonville. 
 
 " His Pastoral Charges in defence of the leading doctrines, the 
 polity and orders, of the Christian Church, are very argumentative 
 and conclusive, and much admired. . . . The Writings of Bp. Hobart 
 have not been unappreciated in England. But his writings are 
 only a small portion of the services he rendered to his generation ; 
 he was born to act rather than to write. His deeds are ably nar 
 rated by Dr. Berrian, a judicious friend and near connection of the 
 deceased Bishop." Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 656, 833. 
 
 See Lon. Gent. Mag., March, 1831 ; New Haven Chris. 
 Month. Spec., ix. 79 ; by L. Bacon, ib. x. 142. 
 
 Hobart, Nehemiah, 1648-1712, minister of Newton, 
 Mass., pub. a serm. on The Absence of the Comforter. 
 
 Hobart, Noah, d. 1773, aged 67, minister of Fairfield, 
 Conn., pub. several serms., Ac., 1747-61. 
 
 Hobart, W. C. E. Analysis of Butler's Analogy of 
 Eeligion, N. York, 18mo. 
 Hobart, or Hobert. See HUBERT. 
 Hobbes, James R. Picture Collector's Manual, 
 adapted to the Professional Man and the Amateur; being 
 a Dictionary of Painters, Lon., 1849, 2 vols. 8vo. This is 
 a valuable work. See SPOONER, SHEARJASHUB, M.D. 
 
 Hobbes, S. Trans, of Cornelius Shilander his Chi- 
 rurgerie, Ac., Lon., 1546, 4to. 
 
 Hobbes, Thomas, 1588-1679, a native of Malmes- 
 bury, Wiltshire, where his father was minister, was edu 
 cated at the grammar-school of that place, and at Magda 
 len Hall, Oxford. In 1608 he became domestic tutor to 
 Lord Cavendish, son of the Earl of Devonshire, with 
 whom he travelled in France and Italy. On his return he 
 became secretary to his ward, on his succeeding to his 
 father's honours; but the death of the former, in 1628, 
 dissolved a connexion which had been maintained for 
 twenty years, and Hobbes was easily persuaded again to 
 leave his country as a companion to the son of Sir Gervase 
 Clifton. In 1631 he was solicited by the countess-dowager 
 of Devonshire to return to England and assume the care 
 of the young earl, then thirteen years of age, and he com 
 plied with this request. This arrangement led to a third 
 visit to the Continent, where he resided with his new pupil 
 from 1634 to 1637. Hobbes again returned to Paris, from 
 political apprehensions, in 1641, and remained there until 
 after the publication of his Leviathan. In 1647 he was 
 appointed mathematical tutor to the Prince of Wales, 
 (afterwards Charles II.,) then resident in Paris. After 
 the publication of his Leviathan, which appeared in 1651, 
 he returned to England, and henceforth passed his sum 
 mers at the Earl of Devonshire's seat in Derbyshire, and 
 his winters in town. In 1674, having attained the great 
 age of 86, he bade a last farewell to London, and retired 
 to the residence of his patron, the Earl of Devonshire in 
 Derbyshire, to spend the rest of his days in seclusion. 
 Here he remained in "ease and plenty," devoting the 
 "morning to exercise and the afternoon to his studies," 
 until his death in 1679, in the ninety-second year of his 
 age, and about seventy-two years from the date of his first 
 connexion with the illustrious family to three generations 
 
 of which he had been the object of affectionate care and 
 princely patronage. He was the intimate friend of Lord 
 Herbert of Cherbury, Ben Jonson, and Lord Bacon, and 
 is said to have assisted the latter in translating some of 
 his works into Latin. An interesting account of his habits 
 during his last years will be found in Bishop White Ken- 
 net's Memoirs of the Cavendish Family, and detailed 
 notices of his publications and literary controversies in 
 the authorities subjoined. Among the principal works of 
 this celebrated philosopher are 1. Hist, of the Peloponne- 
 sian War, Lon., 1628, '34, '76, fol.j 1723, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 "The Translation of Thucydides, as he himself boasts, was 
 
 Siblished to show the evils of popular government." SIR JAMES 
 ACKINTOSH : '2d Prelim. Dissert, to Encyc. Brit. 
 
 2. De Mirabilibus Pecci ; being the Wonders of the Peak 
 in Devonshire. This is a long Latin poem. In Latin, 
 1636, '66, 8vo; 1675, 4to. In English and Latin, 1678, 
 8vo. 3. Elementa Philosophia, seu Politica de Cive, Paris, 
 1642, 4to: for private distribution. Pub., Arnst., 1647, 
 '50, '60, '69, 12mo. See No. 6. 4. Human Nature; or, 
 the Fundamental Principles of Policy concerning the Fa 
 culties and Passions of the Human Soul, Lon., 1650, '51, 
 12mo. This has been called the ablest of his writings. 
 See No. 6. 5. De Corpore Politico; or, the Elements of 
 Law, Moral and Politick, 1650, 8vo. See No. 6. 6. Le 
 viathan ; or, the Matter, Forme, and Power of a Common 
 wealth, Ecclesiastical and Civill, 1651, 8vo, fol. In Latin, 
 1668, 4to ; Amst., 1670, 4to. This work may be called an 
 amplification of Nos. 3, 4, and 5 ; and is " so constructed 
 as to form a complete digest of all his opinions, religious, 
 moral, and theological." 
 
 " In 1651 the complete system of his philosophy was given to 
 the world in the Leviathan. These three works [Nos. 3, 5, and 6] 
 bear somewhat the same relation to one another that the Advance 
 ment of Learning does to the treatise DeAugmentis Scientiarum; 
 they are in effect the same; the same order of subjects, the same 
 arguments, and in most places either the same words, or such 
 variations as occurred to the second thoughts of the writer; but 
 much is more copiously illustrated and more clearly put in the 
 latter than in the former, while much also, from whatever cause, 
 is withdrawn or considerably modified." Hallam's Lit. Hist, of 
 Europe, ed. 1854, ii. 530. 
 
 As regards politics, the Leviathan advocates the un 
 limited power of princes ; the Leviathan is the body politic, 
 which must be kept in chains : in point of morals, his prin 
 ciples tend to "confound all distinctions between right 
 and wrong, and indirectly to undermine the foundations 
 of all religion, natural and revealed." Such doctrines 
 were hailed with delight by the advocates of despotism, 
 and libertines of all classes were glad to find an apology 
 for their vices in the teachings of a philosopher who en 
 joyed the reputation of a sage. The rapid circulation of 
 so dangerous a work elicited the watchful care of the 
 guardians of public morals and the press. An amusing 
 chronicler of the day furnishes us with an appropriate 
 note upon this head : 
 
 "To my booksellers for Hobbes's Leviathan, which is now 
 mightily called for, and what was heretofore sold for 8s., I now 
 give 24s. at the second hand, and is sold for 30s.. it being a book 
 the Bishop will not let be printed again." Se.pt. 3, 1668 : Pepys's 
 Diary. 
 
 The defenders were not backward in exposing the ab 
 surdity and mischievous tendency of such speculations : 
 
 "Cud worth was one of those whom Hobbes had roused by the 
 atheistic and immoral theories of the Leviathan," (Hallam's Lit. 
 Hist, of Europe, iii. 304,) 
 
 and we have already had occasion to notice his masterly 
 vindication of correct principles, (see CUDWORTH, RALPH, 
 p. 457.) Nor should we omit to notice Cumberland's De 
 Legibus Naturae, or Lord Clarendon's Survey of the Le 
 viathan. But at the close of this article, where we shall 
 have something more to say respecting the character of 
 Hobbes's political and moral philosophy, we ,3hall give a list 
 of the principal opponents of his pernicious speculations. 
 7. Letter about Liberty and Necessity, Lon., 1654, 12mo. 
 This elicited a controversy with Archbishop Bramhall (see 
 BRAMHALL, JOHN, D.D., p. 238) and Bishop Laney. Hobbes 
 pub. an account of his controversy with Bramhall, in 1656, 
 4to, and of that with Laney, in 1670, 12mo. 8. Elementorum 
 Philosophise: Sectio prima, de Corpore, iv. partibus, 1655, 
 8vo; in English, 1656, 4to: Sectio secunda, 1657, 4to; 
 Amst., 1668, 4to. This led to a twenty years' controversy 
 between Hobbes and Dr. Wallis, Savilian Professor of 
 I Geometry at Oxford, in which Hobbes made himself the 
 laughing-stock of the mathematicians of the day, but 
 I would never acknowledge his defeat. He declared that 
 he had discovered the quadrature of the circle, and all evi 
 dence to the contrary was answered by the foulest personal 
 abuse. In defence of his untenable position, he pub. a 
 number of treatises which gratified his spleen if they did 
 not convince his opponents. An account of this war will 
 
HOB 
 
 HOB 
 
 be found in Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors. 9. The Voyage 
 of Ulysses; or, Homer's Odysses, books ix., x., xi., xii., in 
 English, Lon., 1674, 8vo. 10. The Iliads and Odysses of 
 Homer, in English, with a Pref., 1675, '77, 12mo. Of 
 this translation, condemned by Pope and Beattie, three 
 large edits, were called for in less than ten years. 
 
 " His poetry, as well as Ogilby's, is too mean for criticism." POPE. 
 
 Pope declares that Hobbes continually lops off circum 
 stances, and now and then omits whole similes and sen 
 tences. 
 
 " Though called a translation of Homer, it does not even deserve 
 the name of poem." Seattle's Essay on Poetry and Music. 
 
 Hobbes thus apologized for his translation : 
 
 "Why then did I write it? Because I had nothing else to do. 
 Why publish it ? Because I thought it might take off my adver 
 saries from shewing their folly upon my more serious writings." 
 Hobbes to the Reader. 
 
 11. Decameron Physiologicum ; or, Ten Dialogues of 
 Natural Philosophy, Ac., 1678, 8vo. 12. Vita Tbomae 
 Hobbes; a Latin Poem, 1679, 4to; in English verse, also 
 by himself, 1680, fol.; in prose, 1681, 8vo; 1682, 4to : 
 Carolop., 1681, 8vo ; 1682, 8vo. This Life was written in 
 his 85th year. 13. Behemoth: the Hist, of the Civil 
 Wars of England from 1640 to 1660, Lon., 1679, 8vo. 
 
 " This history is in dialogue, and full of paradoxes, like all his 
 other writings. More philosophical, political,^or any thing, rather 
 than historical ; yet full of shrewd observations." BISHOP WAR- 
 BARTON. 
 
 14. Historia Ecclesiastica Carmine Elegiaco concinnata, 
 Aug. Trinob., {i.e. London,] 1688, Svo ; in English, entit. 
 a True Eccles. Hist, from Moses to Luther ; in verse, Ac., 
 Lon., 1722, Svo. 
 
 "Auctor maxime contra Pontiff. Rom. ejusque potestatem 
 disputat, Patres Nicaenos acerbe perstringit, monstratque se ab 
 indifferentismo religionum haud alienum est." WALCH. 
 
 Hobbes had pub. in Amsterdam, in 1668, 2 vols. 4to, 
 Opera Philosophica quse Latine scripsit omnia. This is a 
 beautiful edit. There appeared in 1715, Lon., fol., his 
 Moral and Political Works, with Life, <fec., with a Supp., 
 by Dr. Blackbourne, <fec. But a complete collection of his 
 Works, now first collected and edited by Sir William Moles- 
 worth, Bart., M.P., was pub. in 1839-45, 16 vols. Svo, 8; 
 or The English Works, in 11 vols., 5 10*.; Latin Works, 
 in 5 vols., 2 8s. The principal writers against Hobbes 
 are Lords Clarendon, Shaftesbury, and Kames; Arch 
 bishops Bramhall and Tenison; Bishops Cumberland, 
 Butler, Laney, and Lucy; Drs. Cudworth, Eachard, Par 
 ker, Henry Moore, Hutcheson, and Samuel Clarke; Sir 
 James Mackintosh, James Harrington, Dugald Stewart, 
 Smith, and Brown. It is almost needless to state that 
 such an array of talent was hardly necessary for the con 
 futation of the sophisms and absurdities which mingle so 
 strangely with the evidences of uncommon acumen and 
 philosophical shrewdness which so eminently distinguished 
 the intellectual speculations of this great writer. His in 
 consistency was not confined to his writings; for he was 
 in the habit of the frequent reception of the eucharist, 
 whilst promulgating opinions subversive of Christianity : 
 which reminds us of his declaration that " Holy Scripture 
 is the voice of God, ruling all things by the greatest right," 
 whilst he yet taught men to cast the Scriptures to the winds 
 at the command of their earthly ruler. 
 
 " Thought is free," he tells us ; " but when it comes to confession 
 of faith, the private reason must submit to the public, that is to 
 say, to God's lieutenant." De Give; Ltviatiian. 
 
 The mischievous effects of his doctrines in his own 
 generation are graphically described by Mr. Macaulay in 
 his History of England, now passing through the press, 
 (see vol. i. chap. 2 ;) and the philosophers of our own 
 day have confirmed the censure which rebuked the first 
 publication of his errors : 
 
 " Before dismissing the system of Hobbes, it may be worth while 
 to remark that all his leading principles are traced by Cudworth 
 to the remains of the ancient sceptics, by some of whom, as well 
 as by Hobbes, they seem to have been adopted from a wish to flatter 
 the uncontrolled passions of sovereigns." DUGALD STEWART : 1st 
 Prelim. Dissert, to Encyc. Brit. 
 
 "Hobbes having thus struck the affections out of his map of 
 human nature, and having totally misunderstood (as will appear 
 in a succeeding part of this Dissertation) the nature even of the 
 appetites, it is no wonder that we should find in it not a trace of 
 the moral sentiments. Moral good he considers merely as con 
 sisting in the signs of a power to produce pleasure; and repent 
 ance is no more than regret at having missed the way; so that, 
 according to this system, a disinterested approbation of and re 
 verence for virtue are no more possible than disinterested affec 
 tions towards our fellow-creatures." SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH : 2d 
 Prelim. Dissert, to Encyc. Brit. 
 
 "The political system of Hobbes, like his moral system, of 
 which, in fact, it is only a portion, sears up the heart. It takes 
 away the sense of wrong, that has consoled the wise and good in 
 their dangers, the proud appeal of innocence under oppression, 
 like that of Prometheus to the elements, uttered to the witnessing 
 world, in coming ages, to the just ear of Heaven. It confounds 
 
 the principles of moral approbation,, the notions of good and ill 
 desert, in a servile idolatry of the monstrous Leviathan it creates, 
 and, after sacrificing all right at the altar of power, denies to the 
 Omnipotent the prerogative of dictating the laws of his own wor 
 ship." HaUam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, ed. 1854, ii. 542. 
 
 See also an able review of the writings of Hobbes, in 
 the Brit. Quar. Rev., vi. 155-188 ; and respecting our au 
 thor generally, in addition to the authorities just cited, 
 consult Biog. Brit. ; General Diet. ; Burnet's Own Times ; 
 Blount's Censura Celebriorum Authorum ; Life, prefixed to 
 Wood's Annals; Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.; Leland's 
 Deistical Writers; Aubrey's Letters, 1813, 3 vols. Svo; 
 Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; Watt's Bibl. Brit; Snicker's 
 Hist. Philos. ; Cousin's Course of the Hist, of Mod. Philos. ; 
 Mill's Logic ; Brougham's Polit. Philos. ; Morell's Hist, 
 of Mod. Philos.; Butler's Lects. on Ancient Philos.; 
 Blakey's Hist, of Philos. ; Lewes's Biog. Hist, of Philos. ; 
 Landor's Imaginary Conversations ; Cunningham's Biog. 
 Hist, of Eng. ; McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ. ; Black- 
 wood's Mag., xvii. 736 ; xix. 583 ; xxi. 205 ; xxviii. 646 ; 
 xxix. 775, 848. 
 
 A man of such remarkable mental ability and uncom 
 mon intellectual force could not but command a respectful 
 hearing, even from those who the most deeply regretted the 
 mischievous character of his speculations. His most illus 
 trious opponent approaches the lists not without undis 
 guised hesitation : 
 
 " Mr. Hobbes is one of the oldest friends I have in the world, 
 and for whom I have always had a great esteem, as a man who, 
 besides his eminent learning and knowledge, has been always 
 thought a man of probity and free from scandal ; but when I re 
 flected upon the mischievous principles scattered through his 
 Leviathan, I felt myself obliged to make these animadversions 
 upon it." Clarendon's Survey, p. 3. 
 
 An eminent prelate, and a most unscrupulous "man of 
 war from his youth," displays no indisposition to allow 
 the philosopher all that he could justly claim : 
 
 " Here let us do justice to that great man's memory, at a time 
 when his writings seem to be entirely neglected, who, with all his 
 errors, we must allow to be one of the first men of his age for a 
 bright wit, a deep penetration, and a cultivated understanding." 
 BISHOP WARBURTON. 
 
 Mr. Mill, who was one of the first to call the attention 
 of modern readers to the writings of this philosopher, 
 remarks : 
 
 " Hobbes is a great name in philosophy, on account both of the 
 value of what he taught, and the extraordinary impulse which he 
 communicated to the spirit of Free Inquiry in Europe." 
 
 To the same effect, Mr. Hallam observes : 
 
 "In nothing does Hobbes deserve more credit than in having 
 set an example of close observation in the philosophy of the hu 
 man mind." Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 Mr. Macaulay, also, referring to the young men of dis 
 tinguished talents who were sometimes the companions of 
 Bacon's retirement, remarks that 
 
 " Among them his quick eye soon discerned the superior abilities 
 of Thomas Hobbes. It is not probable, however, that he fully ap 
 preciated the powers of his disciple, or foresaw the .vast influence 
 both for good and evil which that most vigorous and acute of hu 
 man intellects was destined to exercise on the two succeeding 
 generations." Edin. Rev., July, 1837 ; and in the Essays, ii. 193. 
 
 Again, in the History of England, the same learned 
 critic tells us that 
 
 "Thomas Hobbes had, in language more precise and luminous 
 than has ever been employed by any other metaphysical writer, 
 maintained that the will of the prince was the standard of right 
 and wrong." Vol. i. chap. 11. 
 
 "Thomas Hobbes, a man of much learning, more thinking, and 
 not a little knowledge of the world, was one of the most celebrated 
 and admired authors of his age. His style is incomparably better 
 than that of any other writer in the reign of Charles I., and was, 
 for its uncommon strength and purity, scarce equalled in the suc 
 ceeding reign." GRANGER : Biog. Hist, of Eng. 
 
 The popularity of this writer was undoubtedly greatly 
 owing to this remarkable purity of style : 
 
 "A permanent foundation of his fame remains in his admirable 
 style, which seems to be the very perfection of didactic language. 
 Short, clear, precise, pithy, his language never has more than one 
 meaning, which it never requires a second thought to take. By 
 the help of his exact method it takes so firm a hold on the mind, 
 that it will not allow attention to slacken." -SiR JAMES MACKIN 
 TOSH : ubi supra. 
 
 " His language is so lucid and concise, that it would be almost 
 as improper to put an algebraical process in different terms aa 
 some of his metaphysical paragraphs." HALLAM : ubi supra. 
 
 As a political economist, also, the claims of our author 
 are not to be forgotten : 
 
 " Hobbes seems to have been one of the first who had any thing 
 like a distinct perception of the real source of wealth." McOul- 
 loch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., q. v. 
 
 With such powers for extensive usefulness to his race, 
 how melancholy is it to be obliged to record of this great 
 philosopher, in the language of Hume, (certainly not a 
 suspicious witness,) that 
 
 " Hobbes's politics are fitted only to promote tyranny, and his 
 ethics to encourage licentiousness." Hist, of England, Bowyer's 
 ed., iv. 669. 
 
HOB 
 
 HOD 
 
 Hobbs, Stephen. Margarita Chirurgica, Lon., 1610, 
 12mo. In English. 
 
 Hobby, William, minister of Reading, Mass., d. 
 1765, aged 57, pub. a serm. and several theolog. treatises, 
 1745, '46, '47, '51. 
 
 Hobby. See HOBT. 
 
 Hobhouse, Sir Benjamin, 1757-1831, M.P., edu 
 cated at Brazenose College, Oxford, was from 1797 to 1818 
 a distinguished member of the House of Commons, and 
 filled several important posts. 1. Treat, on Heresy, Lon., 
 1792, 8vo. 2. Reply to Randolph's Lett, to Dr. Priestley, 
 Ac., 1793, 8vo. 3. Enquiry rel. to crime of Compassing, 
 Ac. the King's Death, 1795, 8vo. 4. Remarks on several 
 Parts of France, Italy, Ac., 1783-85, Bath, 1796, 8vo. See 
 Lon. Gent. Mag., Oct. and Dec. 1831. 
 
 Hobhouse, Sir John Cam, M.P., son of the pre 
 ceding, was created a peer in 1851, by the title of Lord 
 Broughton. 1. Imitations and Trans, from the Classics, 
 with orig. Poems, Lon., 1809, 8vo. 2. Journey through 
 Albania and other Provinces of Turkey, with Lord Byron, 
 1812, 4to ; 2d ed., 1813, 2 vols. 4to ; with col'd plates, 5 5s. 
 
 " An account which, interesting from its own excellence in every 
 merit that should adorn such a work, becomes still more so from 
 the feeling that Lord Byron is, as it were, present through its pages, 
 and that we there follow his first youthful footsteps into the land 
 with whose name he has intertwined his own forever." Moore's 
 Life of Byron. 
 
 See Lon. Quar. Rev., x. 175-203 ; Stevenson's Voyages 
 and Travels ; Dibdin's Lib. Comp. 
 
 The 3d ed. of the Journey through Albania, Ac. made 
 its appearance in 1856, 2 vols. 8vo ; 1 10s. 
 
 " Mr. Hobhouse's account of the country, as it was the first, is 
 still the best that we possess." Lon. Lit. Gazette, 1856. 
 
 3. Last Reign of Napoleon, 1816, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. His 
 torical Illustrations of the fourth Canto of Childe Harold, 
 1818, 8vo. 
 
 " He [Lord Byron] talked in terms of high commendation of the 
 talents and acquirements of Mr. Hobhouse." Lady Blessingtori's 
 Conversations with Lord Byron. 
 
 " My friend H. is the most entertaining of companions, and a 
 fine fellow to boot." LORD BYRON: Moore's Life of Byron, q. v. 
 
 See also Blackw. Mag., xvii. 143 ; xxvii. 425 ; xxxv. 63 ; 
 Hobhouse's art. on Lord Byron, in Westminster Review; 
 Dr. R. S. Mackenzie's ed. of Noctes Ambrosianae, N. York, 
 1855 ; his ed. of The O'Doherty Pap., 1855. An article on 
 Sir John, with a portrait, will be found in Eraser's Mag., 
 xiii. 568; see also Blackw. Mag., xxiv. 375; xxvi. 252; 
 xxix. 654, 663 ; xxxiii. 425 ; xxxvii. 442 ; xli. 840 ; BYRON. 
 
 Hobhouse, Thomas. 1. Elegy to tbe Memory of 
 Dr. Samuel Johnson, Lon., 1785, 4to. 2. Kingestown Hill; 
 a Poem, 1784, 4to. Anon. 2d ed., with author's name, 1 787. 
 
 Hobler, F. Liber Mercatoris; or, the Merchant's 
 Manual, Lon., 1838, fp. 8vo. On Bills of Exchange, Ac. 
 See 2 Jurist, 352. 
 
 Hobler, P., Jr. 1. Exercises between an Attorney 
 and his Clerk, being the 1st Book of Coke upon Littleton, 
 Ac. ; 3d ed., Lon., 1847, 12mo. 2. Practical Treat on Bills 
 of Exchange, fp. 8vo. 
 
 "A safe guide to the unpractised traveller, as well as of utility 
 to the man of business." Lon. Times. 
 
 Hoblyn, Richard D. 1. Manual of Chemistry, 
 Lon., 1841, fp. 8vo. 2. Manual of the Steam Engine, 
 1842, 12mo. 3. Diet, of Medical Terms, 2d ed., 1844, 
 12mo ; 7th ed., 1855, 12mo. Amer. eds., by ISAAC HAYS, 
 M.D., q. v., p. 809. 4. Treat, on Chemistry, 1844, 12mo. 
 
 " This is an excellent compendium." Lon. Lancet. 
 
 5. Diet, of Scientific Terms, 1849, 12mo. 6. British 
 Plants, 1851, 12mo. 7. Treat, on Botany, 1851, 12mo. 
 
 Hobson, Capt. Fallacy of Infant Baptism, Lon., 
 1645, 4to. ' 
 
 Hobson, John. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1787, '90, 
 both 8vo. 
 
 Hobson, Joseph. Wonderful Increase of the Seeds 
 of Plants, e.g. of the Upright Mellon ; Phil. Trans., 1742. 
 
 Hobson, L. J. Circulation of the Scriptures, 1812. 
 
 Hobson, Paul. Extent of Christ's Death, Lon., 
 1655, 8vo. 
 
 Hobson, Samuel. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1848-50. 
 
 Hobson, Thomas. Christianity, Lon., 1745, 4to. 
 
 Hoby, Sir Edward, entered of Trin. Coll., Oxford, 
 1574, a man of great learning, was the son of Sir Thomas 
 Hoby. He pub. Purgatorie's Triumph over Hell, 1609, 
 4to, and several other theolog. treatises; for an account 
 of which, and their author, see Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., 
 ii. 194-197. He was a friend of Camden, who dedicated 
 his Hibernia to him. 
 
 Hoby, Sir Thomas, father of the preceding, and 
 ambassador for Queen Elizabeth to France, trans. Casti- 
 glione's Cortegiano into English, under the title of The 
 Courtyer of Covnt Baldessar Castilio, Lon., 1561, '88, 4to ; 
 
 and also trans, the Gratulation, Ac. of Bucer into Eng 
 lish, sine anno, 8vo. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., i. 
 352-353. Respecting the first-named work, Sir John 
 Cheke wrote Hoby an interesting epistle, in which he 
 gently censures his use of foreign words. 
 
 Hoccham, William of. See OCCAM. 
 
 Hoccleve, or Occleve, Thomas, an early English 
 poet, a lawyer, and writer to the privy-seal, id supposed 
 to have been born about 1370, and to have died in 1454. 
 Some of his poems were pub. (never before printed) in 
 1796, 4to, by Mr. George Mason, from a MS. in his pos 
 session. The Story of Jonathan has been thought his 
 best poem. 
 
 " After the death of Chaucer, in 1400, a dreary blank of long 
 duration occurs in our annals. The poetry of Hoccleve is 
 wretchedly bad, abounding with pedantry, and destitute of all 
 grace or spirit.'' Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 
 See also Pref. to Mason's edit. ; Warton's Hist, of Eng. 
 Poet. ; Nott's Dissert, subjoined to the 2d vol. of his 
 Wyatt and Surrey ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 I loch in . or Hockin, Rev. John Pearce. Keates's 
 Account of the Pellew Islands, 5th ed., Lon., 1803, 4to. 
 
 Hochsteller, C., Lutheran pastor, Toledo, Ohio. 
 Ob Gottes Wort oder Menschen Meinung gelteu soli in 
 der Lehre vom heiligen Abendmahle, N. York, 1856. 
 
 Hodden, Richard. The one Good Way of God, 
 Lon., 1661, 4to. 
 
 Hodder, James. Arithmetic, Lon., 1661, '87, 8vo. 
 
 Hoddesdon, Henry. Armory against Satan, Lon., 
 1616, 8vo. 
 
 Hoddesdon, John. 1. Sion and Parnassus, Ac., 
 Lon., 1650, 8vo. 2. Tho. Mori, Vita et Exitus, 1652, 8vo. 
 
 Hodge. The Scot's Colony at Darien, 1699, 8vo. 
 
 Hodge, A. Letters belonging to a System of Book 
 keeping and Accounts, 1812. 
 
 Hodge, Charles, D.D., an eminent theologian, b. in 
 Philadelphia, Dec. 28, 1797, Professor of Biblical Litera 
 ture in the (Presbyterian) Theological Seminary at Prince 
 ton, New Jersey, has been connected with that institution 
 as a professor since 1822, and acted as editor of the Biblical 
 Repertory and Princeton Review since its establishment 
 in 1825. 1. Comment, on the Epistle to the Romans; de 
 signed for Students of the English Bible, Phila., .1835, 
 8vo. Abridged, 1836. Reprint of the Abridgt. by the 
 Lon. Rel. Tract Soc., 1837, '53, 12mo. 
 
 "Omitting a few sentences of a local nature." 
 
 Repub. in the Edin. Christian's Fireside Library, 1854, 
 12mo; 15th Amer. ed., Phila., 1856. 
 
 " Very useful." BickerstdWs C. S. 
 
 " A book on which the Christian world, both in Europe and 
 America, has placed the stamp of approval." Watchman and Ob 
 server, Richmond, Va. 
 
 2. Questions to the Epistle to the Romans, designed to 
 accompany the Commentary, 1842, 18mo; 10th ed., 1855, 
 18mo. 3. Constitutional Hist, of the Presbyterian Church 
 in the United States, 1840, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. The Way of 
 Life, 18mo. Pub. by the Amer. S. S. Union. Repub. by 
 the Lon. Rel. Tract Soc., 1842, 18mo ; 30th Amer. ed., 
 Phila., 1856. 5. What is Presbyteriamstn ? an Address 
 delivered before the Presbyterian Historical Society, 
 1855, 18mo. 6. A Commentary on the Epistle to the 
 Ephesians, N. York, 1856, 8vo. 
 
 " As the reputation of Dr. Hodge as a Biblical scholar and theo 
 logian has already been fully established, we need only announce 
 a new work from his pen to insure its ready reception. His 
 Commentary on the Ephesians displays the ripe scholarship, the 
 convincing exegesis, and the practical development, which im 
 parted such value to his exposition of the Epistle to the Romans. 
 It is a book for the study of the scholar, and yet most happily 
 adapted for the instruction of general readers, by whom it should 
 be promptly purchased. While we do not regard any man as in 
 fallible, we know of no one who is a safer guide to the study of 
 the Scriptures than Professor Hodge." Presbyterian. 
 
 7. Commentary on the First Epistle to the Corinthians, 
 N.Y., 1857, 12mo : see ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON, D.D. 
 8. Reviews and Essays selected from the Princeton Review, 
 N.Y., 1857, 8vo. See Home's Bibl. Bib. for a descriptive 
 account of the valuable periodical for so many years con 
 ducted by Dr. Hodge, The Biblical Repertory and Prince 
 ton Review. The Biblical Repertory was pub. 1825-29 inc. ; 
 since then it has been a theological Quarterly, entitled The 
 Biblical Repertory and Princeton Review. Selections from 
 this journal have been pub. in two vols., N.Y., 8vo, entitled 
 Princeton Theological Essays. One of the volumes waa 
 repub. in Scotland. 
 
 Hodge, John, a Dissenting minister. 1. Serm., Lon., 
 1751. 2. Serm., 1751, 8vo. 3. XX. Serms. on the Evi 
 dences of the Christian Religion, 1758, 8vo. 4. LII. Dis 
 courses on the Evidences of the Christian Religion, 1758, 
 8vo. 
 
HOD 
 
 " A valuable set of discourses. They are written in a compre 
 hensive, judicious, and nervous manner, and have been highly 
 spoken of by good judges." WALTER WILSON. 
 
 " From the Extracts we have given, they shew the Author to 
 be no mean defender of Christianity." Lon. Month. Rev. 
 b. Serm., 1763, 8vo. 
 
 Hodge, Paul R. 1. Principles and Application of 
 the Steam Engine, Lon., 4to. 2. Treat, on Expansive 
 Steam Engine, with plates, 1849, 4to; 3 3. plain; 4 
 4. col'd ; Arner. ed., N. York, letter-press, 8vo, plates, 
 fol., $8. A most useful work, which no one interested in 
 steamers should be without. 3. Hydraulic Table for the 
 use of Engineers, Lon., 1849. 
 
 Hodges, A. D. Genealogical Record of the Hodges 
 Family in New England, Bost., 1854, 8vo. 
 
 Hodges, James. Tracts on Polit. Economy, Ac., 
 1697-1710. 
 
 Hodges, Charles. Original Poems, Ac., Munich, 
 1826, 12mo. 
 
 Hodges, N. W. Masonic Fragments, Lon., 12mo. 
 Hodges, Nathaniel, M.D., d. 1684, was noted for 
 his professional services during the plague in London in 
 1665. 1. Vindiciae Medicinse et Medicorum, Lon., 1660, 
 8vo. 2. Aoifto\oyia, sive Pestis nuperae apud populum 
 Londinensem grassantis Narratio historica, 1672, 8vo. A 
 trans, into English, by John Quincy, M.D., was pub. in 
 1721, 8vo. An account of the plague, by Hodges, also, 
 appeared in a Collect, of Pieces on the subject, 1721, 8vo. 
 Hodges's descriptions are of great value. 
 
 " He obtained a great name and practice among the citizens." 
 Bliss's Wood's AUien. Oxon. iv. 149, q. v. See also Genl. Diet.; 
 Rees's Cyc. 
 
 Hodges, Phineas. Strictures on the Elementa 
 Medicinse of Dr. Brown, Goshen, 1795, 8vo. See BROWN, 
 JOHN, M.D., p. 258. 
 
 Hodges, Richard. 1. Special Help to Orthogra 
 phic, Lon., 1643, 4to. Hodges was the Noah Webster of 
 his day, and anticipated the modern spelling of many 
 words. 2. Writing of English, 1649, 12mo. 
 Hodges, Thomas. Fast Serm., Lon., 1642, 4to. 
 Hodges, Thomas, Rector of Kensington, Middle 
 sex. 1. Funl. Serin., Lon., 1655, 4to. 2. Serm., 1660, 4to. 
 Hodges, Thomas, Rector of Souldern Serms. and 
 theolug. treatises, 1656-85. 
 
 Hodges, Thomas Law, M.P. The Use and Ad 
 vantage of Pearson's Draining Plough, Lon., 1840. See 
 Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Hodges, W. Hist. Acct. of Ludlow Castle, Lon., 
 1794, 1803, 8vo. 
 
 Hodges, Walter, D.D., a Hutchinsonian divine, 
 Provost of Oriel College, Oxford. 1. Elihu; or, an In 
 quiry into the principal Scope and Design of the Book of 
 Job, Lon., 1750, 4to; 1751, Svo; 3d ed., 1756, 12mo. An 
 ed., Dubl., 1756, 8vo. 
 
 "The chief design of this curious work is to show that Elihu 
 is the Son of God ; a discovery which the author imagines throws 
 great Iigl4 on the whole book, and solves all the controversies 
 which have been agitated respecting its doctrines." Orme's Bibl 
 Bib. 
 
 See also Warburton's Letters to Hurd, p. 22; Lon 
 Month. Rev., 0. S., ii. 219-225, 347-352. 2. The Chris- 
 tian Plan exhibited in the Interpretation of Elohim, 1752 
 4to ; 2d ed., 1755, 8vo. See Darling's Cyc. Bibl., i. 1504 
 Hodges, Wickens, Surgeon. Funesta, Passionis 
 Iliacse Historia, Partiumque Morbosorum post Mortem 
 Anatomia. Vide Memoirs Med., 1799. 
 
 Hodges, Wm. Tracts rel. to Seamen, Ac., Lon. 
 1694, '95, '96, '99. 
 
 Hodges, Wm. 1. Select Views in India, 1780-83 
 Lon., 1788, 2 vols. imp. fol. 2. Travels in India in 1780- 
 83, 4to, 1793. 
 
 Hodges, Wm., of the Inner Temple, Barrister-at- 
 Law. 1. Reports C. Pleas, Hil. to Mich. 1835, Lon., 1835 
 8vo. 2. Do., H. T. 1835 to M. T. 1837, 3 vols. 8vo, 1836- 
 39. 3. Law of Assess, of Railways, Ac., 1843, 12rno. 4 
 Stat. Law rel. to Railways in Eng. and Ire., 1845, 8vo 
 5. Law rel. to Railways, Ac., 1847, 8vo. Amer. ed. now 
 (1856) in course of preparation at Phila. 
 
 Hodgkin, John. Calligraphia Graeca et Poecilo 
 
 graphia Grseca. Lon., 1807, sm. fol. Also works on Gram 
 
 mar, Geography, and Astronomy. 
 
 Hodgkin, Lt. Thomas, R.N. Naval Discipline,1813 
 
 Hodgkin, Thomas, M.D., of Guy's Hospital. 1 
 
 Preserving Health, 2d ed., Lon., 1841, 12mo. 2. Morbk 
 
 Anatomy, 8vo : Vol. I., Serous Membranes ; Vol. II., Pt 
 
 1, 1840, Mucous Membranes. 
 
 " It is in every respect an excellent production." Brit, and 
 Ibr. Med. Rev., July, 1837. 
 
 Hodgkins, E. Mercantile Letters. Lon., 1808, 12mo 
 
 HOD 
 
 Hodgkins, George. Methode Pratique, Ac., Lon., 
 813, 12mo. This is a reprint of Ciret's Eng. Grammar, 
 with addits., Ac. 
 
 Hodgskin, Thomas. Travels in the North of Ger 
 many, Edin., 1820, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. II. has given us much information on the agriculture, 
 tate of society, political institutions, manners, Ac.; interspersed 
 with remarks, not in the best taste or indicating the soundest 
 udgment and principles." Stevenson's Voyages and Travels. 
 
 " The author of these tomes is a man of no small self-conceit." 
 Blaclcwood's Mag., vi. 536-542: a severe review of the book. 
 
 Hodgson. Lett. rel. to a Fishery; 2d ed., 1787, Svo. 
 
 Hodgson. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1813. 
 
 Hodgson, Adam, of Liverpool, England. Remarks 
 luring a Journey through N. America in 1819-21, Ac. 
 Collected, arranged, and pub. by Saml. Whiting, N. York, 
 1823, 8vo, pp. 355 ; Lon., 1824, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 His book is creditable to his heart and his principles ; we should 
 be glad if as much could be said of his discretion and judgment." 
 JARED SPARKS : N. Amer. Rev., xviii. 221-234, q. v. 
 
 And see art. America, by Rev. Sydney Smith, in Edin. 
 Rev., xl. 427-442 ; and in Smith's Works, Lon., 1854, ii. 
 366-385. 
 
 Hodgson, Bernard, LL.D., Principal of Hertford 
 College. 1. Solomon's Song; trans, from the Hebrew, 
 Oxf., 1785, 4to. ^ 
 
 "In this work the literal meaning only of Solomon's Song is 
 .illustrated, there being not the slightest allusion to its mystical 
 meaning. An account of it, with extracts, may be seen in the 
 Monthly Review, (0. S..) vol. Ixxvi., pp. 26-29." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 See Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 2. The Proverbs of Solomon ; trans, from the Hebrew, 
 with Notes, 1788, 4to. 
 
 " The translations of the learned Principal throw light on many 
 passages." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " The notes are not numerous, and, we must say, not very im 
 portant." ion. Month. Rev., N. S., v. 294. 
 
 3. Ecclesiastes : a new Trans, from the original Hebrew, 
 Lon., 1791, 4to. See Lon. Month. Rev., N.S.,ix. 59; Home's 
 Bibl. Bib., 1839, 282-283 ; Orme's Bibl. Bib., 1824, 242-243. 
 
 Hodgson, Christopher. 1. Instruc. for the use of 
 Candidates for Holy Orders, Ac., 1818, 8vo; 7th ed., 1850, 
 Svo. 2. Augmentation of Small Livings, Ac., 1826, 8vo; 
 2d ed., 1845, Svo. Mr. H. has also pub. several serms. 
 and theolog. treatises. 
 
 Hodgson, E. Reports of Trials at Old Bailey, 1790-91. 
 
 Hodgson, Francis, Provost of Eton College, and 
 Rector of Cottesford, Oxford, d. 1852, aged 71, well known 
 as the friend of Lord Byron, pub. a trans, of Juvenal, 1808, 
 4to; Poems, 1809, Svo; Mythology for "Versification, 4 
 edits.; Sacred Lyrics, 1842, 12mo; Lyricorum Sacrorum, 
 1850, Svo; and some other works. See Lon. Gent. Mag., 
 April, 1853 ; Moore's Life of Byron. 
 
 Hodgson, Francis, D.D., of the Pennsylvania Me 
 thodist Conference. 1. An Exam, into the System of New 
 Divinity, or New School Theology, N. York. 2. The Ec 
 clesiastical Polity of Methodism Defended, 18mo. 3. The 
 Calvinistic Doctrine of Predestination Examined and 
 Refuted, Philadelphia, 1855, ISmo. 
 
 Hodgson, George. Letter to the Inhabitants of St 
 Marygate, Ac., York, 1836, Svo. 
 
 Hodgson, H. J. 1. Analyt. Digest of the State reL 
 to Orders of Removal, Lon., 1845, 12mo. 2. Rating of 
 Railways, 1851, 12mo. 
 
 Hodgson, Rev. Henry, M.D. 1. Letters on Popery, 
 1778* Svo. 2. Serms., 1778, 8vo. 3. Effusions in Verse 
 and Prose, 1779, Svo. 
 
 Hodgson, Isaac. 1. Grammar, 1770, '96, 12mo. 
 
 2. Serm., 1S04. 
 
 Hodgson, James, master of the Royal Mathemat. 
 School in Christ's Hospital. 1. Treat, on Navigation, 1766, 
 4to. 2. Mathematicks, 1723, 2 yols. 4to. 3. Fluxions, 
 1736, 4to. 4. Annuities, 1747, Svo. 6. Theory of Jupiter's 
 Satellites, 1750, 4to. 6. Chronology. 7. Astronom. papers 
 in Phil. Trans., 1731-49. 
 
 Hodgson, John. Report of the Trial of Wemms, 
 Ac.. Bost., 1770, Svo. 
 
 Hodgson, John. Ancient Cornelian ; Archaeol., 177? 
 
 Hodgson, John. 1. Poems, Lon., 1807, Svo. 2. Seim., 
 1812. 
 
 Hodgson, or Hodson, John, D.D. Serms., 1819, 
 Glasg., both Svo. 
 
 Hodgson, John. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1820, Svo. 
 
 Hodgson, John. Memoirs of the Lives of Gibson, 
 J. Harle, J. Horsley, and W. Turner, Newc., 1821, sm. Svo. 
 100 copies privately printed for the author. 
 
 Hodgson, John. Hist, of Northumberland, 4to, 
 and large paper, r. 4to : vol. i., Pt. 2, 1827 ; Pt. 3, 1820 : 
 vol. ii., Pt. 3, 1832; Pt 3, 1828 : vol. iii., Pt. 2, 1841; Pt. 
 
 3, 1835, (incomplete.) 
 
HOD 
 
 HOF 
 
 Hodgson, Joseph, Surgeon. 1. Diseases of the 
 Arteries and Veins, Lon., 1815, Svo. 2, Engravings to 
 do., 1815, 4to. 
 
 Hodgson, Lucas, M.D. Fire in a Coal Mine ; Phil. 
 Trans., 1676. 
 
 Hodgson, Read. Honest Man's Companion, New- 
 castle-upon-Tyne, 1736, 8vo. Very rare. Mr. Brand, the 
 historian of Newcastle, was unable to procure a copy. 
 
 Hodgson, Robert, D.D., Dean of Carlisle, 1820, d. 
 1844, was a nephew of Bishop Porteus. 1. Serm., Lon., 
 "1803, 8vo. 2. Serm., 1804, 4to. 3. Serm., 1807. 4. Serm., 
 1811. 5. Serm., 1816. 6. Serin., 1842. 7. Life of Bp. 
 Porteus, 1811, 8vo. 8. Works of Bp. Porteus, 1816, 6 
 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Hodgson, Studhome, Capt. 19th Regt.of Foot, R.A. 
 Truths from the West Indies, Lon., 1838, p. 8vo. This 
 work and B. McMahon's Jamaica Plantership (1839, 12mo) 
 are described as 
 
 " Birds of a leather ; books manufactured on the same model ; 
 furious attacks on the planters, enlivened with horrors to suit all 
 appetites." ion. Athenaeum, 1839, p. 131. 
 
 Hodgson, Thomas. Reports of Trials; both 1812,8vo. 
 
 Hodgson, Win., M.D. 1. Commonwealth of Reason, 
 Lon., 1795, Svo. 2. System of Nature, 1795, Svo. 3. Temple 
 of Apollo ; Poems, 1796, 8vo. 
 
 Hodgson, Wm. French Grammars, 1817, '18. 
 
 Hodgson, Wm., Jr., of Philadelphia. An Exami 
 nation of the Memoirs and Writings of J. J. Gurney, 
 Phila., 1856. 
 
 Hodius. Anglic6 HODY. 
 
 Hodskinson, Joseph. Instructions to Farmers rel. 
 to Arable Lands, <fcc., Lon., 1796, 8vo. 
 
 "General directions on various points of occurrence." Donald 
 son's Agricidt. Bing. 
 
 Hodson, Frodsham, D.D., Principal of Brazenose 
 Coll., Oxf. Eternal Filiation of the Son of God, 1796, 8vo. 
 
 Hodson, George, Archdeacon of Stafford. 1. 12 
 Serins, on Christian Temper, <fcc., Lon., 1828, '29, 12mo. 
 
 2. 27 Discourses, Binning., 8vo. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 
 915. Other publications. 
 
 Hodson, James, M.D. Theolog. treatises, 1787-1801. 
 
 Hodson, John, D.D. See HODGSON. 
 
 Hodson, Mrs. Margaret, formerly Miss Holford, 
 a daughter of Mrs. M. Holford, (post,) of Chester, England. 
 1. Wallace, or the Flight of Falkirk; a Poem, Lon., 1809, 
 4to; 1810, 8vo. Anon. 2. Miscellaneous Poems, 1811, 8vo. 
 
 3. Margaret of Anjou; a Poem in 10 cantos, 1816, 4to. 
 The poems of this lady have been admired. 
 
 Hodson, Phineas, D.D. Serm., Ps. xxvii. 4, Lon., 
 1628, 4to. 
 
 Hodson, Septimus, Rector of Thrapston. 1. Serm., 
 Lon., 1789, Svo. 2. Serms., 1792, 8vo. 
 
 "Contain many just observations and useful reflections." 
 Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 3. High Price of Provisions, 1795, Svo. 4. 2 Discourses, 
 1795, 8vo. 
 
 Hodson, Thomas. Remarks on Medical Advice, by 
 Philip Stone, M.D., Lon., 1784, 8vo. 
 
 Hodson, Thomas. 1. Cabinet of the Arts, 1803-06, 
 4to. 2. The Accomplished Tutor; or, Complete System 
 of Education, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Hodson, W. Fables in Prose and Verse, 1801, 12mo. 
 
 Hodson, Wm. 1. Trac. on XI. Art. Apostles' Creed, 
 Lon., 1636, 12mo. 2. Credo Resurrectionem Carnis, 1636. 
 
 Hodson, Wm., Vice-Master of Trin. Coll., Cambridge, 
 d. 1793. 1. Ded. of Solomon's Temple ; a Poetical Essay, 
 Lon., 1772, 4to. 2. Observ. on Greek Tragedy. 
 
 Hody, Edward. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1735. 
 
 Hody, Humphrey, 1659-1706, a native of Odcoinbe, 
 Somerset, entered of Wadham College, Oxford, 1676, and 
 chosen Fellow, 1684; Rector of St. Michael's, London, 
 1693; Prof, of Greek in Univ. Oxford, 1698; Archdeacon 
 of Oxford, 1704. His most noted works are the following : 
 1. Dissertation against Aristeus's Hist, of the Seventy-two 
 Interpreters, 1680 ; Oxon., 1684, Svo. 
 
 "Written in opposition to Isaac Vossius, and completely suc 
 ceeds in destroying the credit of the lying fable of the Jew respect 
 ing the Septuagint." Orme's BiU. Bib. 
 
 Vossius attacked this work in an Appendix to his Pom- 
 ponius Mela, and Hody responded when he pub. a new 
 ed. of his Dissertation in his De Bibliorum Textibus Ori- 
 ginalibus. See No. 5. 2. Prolegomena to John Malela's 
 Chronicle, printed at Oxford, 1691, Svo. The Prolegomena 
 was written in 1689. 3. Hist, of English Councils and 
 Convocations, Ac., Lon., 1701, Svo. 4. The Resurrection 
 of the same Body asserted, 1694, Svo. 6. De Bibliorum 
 Textibus Originalibus, versionibus Grsecis, et Latina Vul- 
 gata,Libri Quatuor, Oxon., 1705, fol. 
 
 " This is the classical work on the Septuagint. . . . Among the 
 writers on the Septuagint version, no one has displayed either 
 more knowledge of the subject or more critical sagacity than 
 Hody." BISHOP MARSH. 
 
 " It examines with great accuracy, and discusses with much 
 learning and ability, every question relating to the age, the 
 authors, the character and progress of that celebrated version. 
 All subsequent writers have been greatly indebted to this work 
 of Body." Orme's Bibl. Bib. See Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 6. De Grsecis Illustribus Linguae Graeca instauratoribus, 
 Ac., Lon., 1742, Svo. Posth. Pub. from Body's MSS. by 
 Dr. S. Jebb. This erudite work contains an account of 
 those learned Grecians who retired to Italy about the time 
 of the taking of Constantinople by the Turks, and re 
 stored the Greek tongue and learning in those western 
 parts. 
 
 " Hody was perhaps the first who threw much light on the early 
 studies of Greek in Italy; and his book, De Grsecis illustribus 
 linguae Grsecae instauratoribus, will be read with pleasure and ad 
 vantage by every lover of literature; though Menus, who came 
 with more exuberant erudition to the subject, has pointed out a 
 few errors. But more is to'be found as to its native cultivators, 
 Hody being chiefly concerned with the Greek refugees, in Bayle's 
 Fabricius, Niceron, Mehus, Zeno, Tiraboschi, Meiners, Koscoe, 
 Heeren, Shepherd, Corniani, Ginguene, and the Biographie 
 Universelle, whom I name in chronological order." Hallani's 
 Lit. Hist, of Europe, ed. 1854, i. 100, n. 
 
 See Hody's Life, prefixed to No. 6; Biog. Brit; Birch's 
 Tillotson ; Chalmers's Hist, of Oxford. 
 
 Hoffman, Charles Fenno, b. in the city of New 
 York in 1806, a son of Judge Josiah Ogden Hoffman, and 
 a brother of the eminent lawyer, Ogden Hoffman, entered 
 Columbia College at the age of fifteen, and was admitted 
 to the New York Bar when twenty-one. After three years 
 of legal practice, Mr. Hoffman determined to indulge to 
 its full extent the strong inclination which he had always 
 entertained for literary pursuits; and he accordingly 
 abandoned Coke and Blackstone for the more congenial 
 fields of Romance and Poetry. He has since given to the 
 world 1. A Winter in the West, New York, 1835, 2 vols. 
 12mo; Lon., 1835, 2 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 "It has since passed through several editions, and will con 
 tinue to be admired so long as graphic delineations of nature, 
 spirited sketches of men and manners, and richness and purity 
 of style, are appreciated." R. W. GRISWOLD : Prose Writers of 
 America. 
 
 2. Wild Scenes in Forest and Prairie, Lon., (1837?) 
 1839, 2 vols. p. Svo. With addits., N. York, 1S43, 2 vols. 
 12mo. 3. Greyslaer; a Romance of the Mohawk, 1840, 
 '49, 12mo. This is founded on the celebrated criminal 
 trial of Beauchamp for the murder of Colonel Sharpe, of 
 Kentucky. 
 
 " It happily blends historical facts connected with the border- 
 annals of our State with the fictitious story of love, and displays 
 the powers of a master-painter of human passion. We regard 
 the author of this book as one of the best writers in the country." 
 Southern Literary Messenger. 
 
 Greyslaer met with remarkable success; two edits, were 
 printed in New York, one in Phila., and a fourth in Lon 
 don, in the same year. Mr. William Gilmore Sims has 
 since pub. a novel Beauchampe founded on the same 
 tragical incidents. 
 
 4. The Vigil of Faith, a Legend of the Adirondack 
 Mountains; and other Poems, N.York, 1842,12mo. Several 
 edits, have been pub. in America and England. 5. The 
 Echo ; or, Borrowed Notes for Home Circulation, Phila., 
 1844. The title of this work was suggested by some re 
 marks in an article, on Griswold's Poets and Poetry of 
 America, in the Foreign Quarterly Review, in which the 
 reviewer charges Hoffman with borrowing largely from 
 Moore. 6. Lays of the Hudson, and other Poems, N. York, 
 32mo. 7. Love's Calendar, and other Poems, 1848. This 
 vol. contains a more complete collection of his lyrical 
 compositions than will be found in the Echo. Mr. Hoff 
 man prepared for publication another novel, entitled The 
 Red Spur of Ramapo; but the MS. was destroyed by the 
 carelessness of a servant. In 1833 Mr. H. established 
 that well-known and excellent Journal, The Knicker 
 bocker Magazine, and edited a few numbers, after which 
 he transferred it to the Rev. Timothy Flint. Mr. Hoffman 
 subsequently became proprietor and editor of the American 
 Monthly Magazine, (started by Henry William Herbert, 
 Esq.,) and was its chief editor for many years, during one 
 of which he also discharged the editorial duties connected 
 with the New York Mirror. In the former he pub., in 
 1837, a novel entitled Vanderlyn. For about eighteen 
 months (in 1846-47) he was the editor of the New York 
 Literary World : see DUYCKINCK, EVERT A., p. 535. He 
 has also been a contributor to the New Yorker, the Cor 
 sair, and other periodicals. His contributions to the New 
 York American (distinguished by a*) whilst its associate- 
 editor with Charles King, about 1828-30, added greatlj 
 
HOF 
 
 HOP 
 
 to the reputation of that journal. Nor must we omit to 
 render our acknowledgments to this versatile author for 
 his historical sketch pub. in Sparks's American Biography, 
 2d Series, iii. 179-238, entitled The Administration of 
 Jacob Leisler; a Chapter in American History. It is as a 
 lyrical poet that Mr. Hoffman is best known to the world, 
 and in this department he unquestionably occupies a very 
 high rank. Among the principal favourites of the songs 
 which have carried his name so extensively through the 
 social circles of the land are Rosalie Clare, "Tis Hard 
 to Share her Smiles with Many, Sparkling and Bright, 
 and The Myrtle and Steel. 
 
 An eminent American critic, referring to this depart 
 ment of poetical authorship, the song, remarks : 
 
 ' ; Whatever may be thought of it as an order of writing, I am 
 satisfied that Mr. Hoffman has come as near to the highest 
 standard or idea of excellence which belongs to this species of 
 composition, as any American poet has done in his own depart 
 ment, whatever that department may be." R. W. GRISWOLD: 
 Poets and Poetry of America, 16th ed., 1855. 
 
 See the same author's opinion of Hoffman's prose com 
 positions in his Prose Writers of America, 4th ed., 1852, 
 p. 31. 
 
 " For some of the best convivial, amatory, and descriptive poetry 
 of native origin, we are indebted to Charles Fenno Hoffman. The 
 woods and streams, the feast and the vigil, are reflected in his 
 verse with a graphic truth and sentiment that evidence an eye 
 for the picturesque, a sense of the adventurous, and a zest for 
 pleasure. He has written many admirable scenic pieces that evince 
 not only a careful but a loving observation of nature : some 
 touches of this kind in the Vigil of Faith are worthy of the most 
 celebrated poets. Many of his songs, from their graceful flow and 
 tender feeling, are highly popular, although some of the metres 
 are too like those of Moore not to provoke a comparison. They 
 are, however, less tinctured with artifice; and many of them 
 have a spontaneous and natural vitality." H. T. TUCKERMAN : 
 Sketch of Amer. Lit. 
 
 In addition to the authorities cited above, see Poe's 
 Literati ; Dublin Univ. Mag. ; South. Lit. Messeng., xix. 47. 
 
 Hoffman, David, LL.D., J.U.D., 1784-1854, a na 
 tive of Baltimore, Maryland, an eminent lawyer and legal 
 writer, from 1817 to 1836 Professor of Law in the Uni 
 versity of Maryland, after the termination of his connexion 
 with this institution resided two years in Europe, and 
 subsequently settled in Philadelphia, where he remained 
 until 1847. In the fall of this year he again visited 
 Europe, returning home in 1853. He died suddenly, of an 
 attack of apoplexy, in New York, November 11, 1854. 
 
 1. A Course of Legal Study; respectfully addressed to 
 the Students of Law in the United States, Bait., 1817, pp. 
 ?>83; 2d ed., rewritten and much enlarged, 1836, 2 vols. 
 8vo., pp. xvii., 876. The first ed. was most favourably 
 reviewed by Judge Story, in the North American Review 
 for July, 1817. We give a brief extract from this admirable 
 article, which every lawyer should peruse with close 
 attention. 
 
 " Mr. Hoffman has published a Course of Legal Study, which he 
 modestly addresses to students, but which is well worthy the at 
 tention of every gentleman of the bar. ... In quitting the work 
 we have not the slightest hesitation to declare that it contains by 
 far the most perfect system for the study of the law which has 
 ever been offered to the publick." N. Amer. Rev., vi. 45-77. 
 
 Also in Story's Miscellaneous Writings, 1852, 66-92. 
 And see Story's Life and Letters, 1851, i. 309. 
 
 The 2d ed. was reviewed by George S. Hillard, in the 
 North American Review for January, 1838, (xlvi. 72-82,) 
 who commends the work in the highest terms ; and it has 
 been rewarded by the approbation of Marshall, Kent, De 
 Witt Clinton, and other competent judges in Europe and 
 America. See Pref. Anth. Anal, of Blk., 30 ; 6 Law Re 
 corder, 426 ; 21 Law Mag., 1 ; 15 Amer. Jur., 331 ; xviii. 
 120 ; 12 Leg. Obs., 511; xiii. 51 ; Reddie's Mar. Com , 
 427 ; 45 N. Amer. Rev., 482; 20 Amer. Quar. Rev., 79; 
 Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 391; 9 Princ. Rev., 509; Blackw. 
 Mag., xvii. 57. 
 
 2. Legal Outlines ; being the Substance of a Course of 
 Lectures now delivering in the University of Maryland, 
 in 3 vols. Vol. i., 1836, 8vo, pp. viii., 626. Unfortunately, 
 this is the only vol. of this excellent work which ever saw 
 the light. It was favourably reviewed by Mr. P. Cruise, 
 in the North American Review for January, 1830, xxx. 
 135-160, q. v. ; and see also Story's Inaug. Discourse, 
 45, n. ; 3 Amer. Jur., 86 ; 1 Ang. L. J., 264 ; 36 N. Amer. 
 Rev., 395; 4 South. Rev., 47; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 390. 
 
 3. Miscellaneous Thoughts on Men, Manners, and Things ; 
 by Anthony Grumbler, of Grumbleton Hall, Esq., 1837, 
 12mo, pp. 374. See N. Amer. Rev., xlv. 482-484; Amer. 
 Quar. Rev., xxii. 415; Chris. Exam., xxiii. 208, by F.W. P. 
 Greenwood. 4. Viator; or, A Peep into my Note-Book, 
 1841, 12mo. This may be considered as a sequel to No. 3! 
 6. Legal Hints ; being a condensation of the leading Ideas 
 
 ! as relating to Professional Deportment, contained in a 
 Course of Legal Study, with the addition of some Counsel 
 to Law-Students, Phila., 1846. 6. Chronicles, selected 
 ; from the Originals of Cartaphilus, the Wandering Jew: 
 embracing a period of nearly nineteen Centuries. Now 
 first revealed to and edited by David Hoffman, Lon., 
 I 1855, 2 vols. 8vo. These two vols. are all that was given 
 \ to the world of a work which was to have been extended 
 I to 6 vols. Vol. iii. (concluding Series 1, and reaching 
 to A.D. 573) was ready for the press at the time of the 
 death of the author. Series 2 (vols. iv. v. vi.) were in a 
 state of partial preparation. The design was no less than 
 a History of the World from the Christian era to the pre 
 sent time. To the compilation of this vast work Mr. 
 Hoffman had devoted much time, arduous labour, and a 
 large pecuniary outlay. This adds another to the many 
 instances we have recorded in the course of this volume of 
 cherished designs frustrated, anxious hopes disappointed, 
 and " purposes broken off in the midst." But if the solemn 
 consciousness of the approach of the "inexorable hour" 
 warned him who had toiled so faithfully for his genera 
 tion, that he must cease from his labours ere he should 
 enter upon that goodly heritage of honourable fame and 
 extensive usefulness which had long been the goal of hia 
 ambition in the preparation of the great work of his life, 
 he could yet look back with satisfaction at the good already 
 accomplished by those invaluable fruits of his wisdom 
 which he was permitted to give to the world. To adopt 
 the language of another, 
 
 "If we were called upon to designate any single work which 
 had exercised a greater influence over the profession of the law 
 in this country than all others, which had most stimulated the 
 student in his studies, most facilitated his labours, and, in fine, 
 most contributed to elevate the standard of professional learning 
 and morals, we should unhesitatingly select Hoffman's Course of 
 Legal Study." N. Amer. Rev., xlv. 482. 
 
 " The constant reply of Lagrange to the young men who consul ted 
 him respecting their mathematical studies was, ' Study Euler ;' 
 and in like manner we should say to every law-student, from 
 Maine to Louisiana, ' Study Hoffman.' " GEORGE S. HILLARD : N. 
 Amer. Rev., xlvi. 82. 
 
 In the words of another admirer of this excellent and 
 useful writer : 
 
 "What Cujacius said of Paul de Castro has been appropriately 
 applied to Professor Hoffman's Course of Legal Study : Qui rum 
 Jiabet Paulum de Castro, tunicam vendat, et emat." 
 
 Hoffman, J, N., Lutheran pastor, formerly of Cham- 
 bersburg, Pa., now of Reading, Pa. 1. Arndt's True Chris 
 tianity; trans, from the German, Chambersb., 1834, 8vo. 
 
 2. Evangelical Hymns, original and selected, 1838, 18mo. 
 
 3. A Collection of Texts, Ac. 4. The Broken Platform ; 
 a Defence of the Symbolical Books of the Lutheran 
 Church, Phila., 1856, 12mo. 
 
 Hoffman, Murray, an eminent lawyer of New York. 
 1. Office and Duties of Masters in Chancery, N. York. 
 1824, 8vo. 
 
 " I have looked them [the MSS.] over, and communicated to 
 Mr. B. my high opinion of the accuracy, utility, credit and value 
 of the work." Letter from, Chancellor Kent. 
 
 .2. Treat, on the Prac. of the Ct. of Chancery, 1840, 3 
 vols. 8vo ; 2d ed., 1843, 3 vols. 8vo. 3. N. York Vice- 
 Chancery Reports, 1839-40, 8vo, 1841. 4. Treatise on the 
 Law of the Prot. Epis. Church, 1850, 8vo. 
 
 Holland, Mrs. Barbara. See HOFLAND, MRS. 
 THOMAS CHRISTOPHER. 
 
 Hoflaiid, Thomas Christopher, 1777-1843, a 
 distinguished landscape-painter, and an enthusiastic dis 
 ciple of Izaak Walton, was a native of Worksop, Notting 
 hamshire. An interesting memoir of him, by his widow, 
 (vide post,) will be found in The London Art-Union; or 
 see Lon. Gent. Mag., May, 1843. 1. A Description of 
 White Knights, a seat of the Duke of Marlborough; em 
 bellished with twenty-three engravings from pictures by 
 T. C. Hofland, 1819, fol. One hundred copies privately 
 printed by his Grace. The letter-press was written by 
 Mrs. Hofland, (vide post.) 2. British Angler's Manual, 
 Lon., 1839, p. Svo: some on large paper. New ed., by 
 Edward Jesse, 1848, p. Svo, with eighty steel engravings 
 and lignographs after Hofland, Cooper, Creswick, Rad- 
 clyffe, &c. 
 
 " This is the most comprehensive work on angling that has yet 
 appeared in this country." Bell's Life in London. 
 
 " Whether as regards the art pictorial or the art piscatorial, it 
 would be difficult to pick out a prettier volume than this." Lon. 
 Illustrated Review. 
 
 3. Specimens of Garden Decorations and Scenery, 1846. 
 
 Hofland, Mrs. Thomas Christopher, 1770-1844, 
 wife of the preceding, formerly Miss Barbara Wreaks, 
 a daughter of Robert Wreaks, of Sheffield, was married in 
 1796 to Mr. T. Bradshaw Hoole, who died in 1798. In 
 1805 she pub. a vol. of poems upon a subscription-list of 
 
HOF 
 
 HOG 
 
 nearly 2000 copies, the profit on which enabled her to open 
 a small school at Harrowgate, where the duties of tuition 
 were relieved by the pleasures of authorship. In 1808 she 
 was married to Thomas Christopher Hofland, the eminent 
 landscape-painter, but did not permit her new engagements 
 to relax her literary application, for in 1812 we find that 
 she gave to the world no less than five different works. 
 This literary activity distinguished Mrs. Hofland for the 
 remainder of her life. In 1833 she was deprived by death 
 of her son by her first husband, the Rev. Mr. Hoole, curate 
 of St. Andrew's, Holborn, and in 1843 she was again left a 
 widow. She wrote in all about seventy works, (of which 
 nearly 300,000 copies were sold in Great Britain, and many 
 thousands on the continent and in America,) and pub. a 
 large number of pieces in magazines and annuals. Among 
 the best-known of her works which consist almost entirely 
 of novels and moral tales are : 1. The Daughter-in-Law. 
 2. Emily. 3. The Son of a Genius. 4. Beatrice. 5. Says 
 she to her Neighbour, What ? 6. Captives in India. 7. 
 The Unloved One. 8. The Czarina. 9. Ellen, the Teacher. 
 10. The Merchant's Widow. 11. Adelaide. 12. Humility. 
 13. Fortitude. 14. Decision. 15. Integrity. 16. The 
 Clergyman's Widow. 17. Daniel Dennison. 18. Self- 
 Denial. 19. Letter of an Englishwoman. 20. Tales of 
 the Priory. 21. Tales of the Manor. A Biographical 
 notice of Mrs. Hofland will be found in the Lon. Gent. 
 Mag., January, 1845 ; but for a detailed memoir of her 
 life, accompanied by her Literary Remains, we must 
 refer the reader to Mr. Thomas Ramsay's vol. with this 
 title, Lon., 1849, 12mo. The author of the biography in 
 Gent Mag., referring to the many editions and large sale 
 of her works, remarks : 
 
 " When this immense circulation is considered, in connexion 
 with the fact that all her works were successfully devoted to im 
 prove the heart by pleasing and powerful lessons, we may form 
 some idea of the debt of gratitude and esteem that is her due." 
 
 Hot 111:11111, A. W., Ph. D., Professor in the Royal 
 College of Chemistry, London, has edited Buff's Letters 
 on the Physics of the Earth, Lon., 1851, fp. 8vo ; Fownes's 
 Manual of Chemistry, 7th ed., 1858, (in conjunction with 
 H. Bence Jones, M.D. ,) and is co-editor of Liebig and 
 Kopp's Annual Report of the Progress of Chemistry, <fcc., 
 Vols. i. ii. iii. for 1847, '48, '49, edited by Dr. Hofman and 
 Dr. H. B. Jones. See BLOXAM, C. L., and F. A. ABEL. 
 Hog, James. The Spirit's Operations,Edin.,1709,12mo. 
 Hog, Sir Roger. Decisions of the Court of Sessions, 
 1681-91, Edin., 1757, fol. 
 
 Hogaeus, Gulielmus, pub. Latin paraphrases from 
 Job, the Proverbs, Cato, and Milton, Lon., 1682-99. 
 
 "The author discovers some talent for Latin versification, which 
 his countrymen then cultivated." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Hogan, a Brevet-Major in R.A. Appeal to the Public, 
 and a Farewell Address to the Army, Lon., 1808, 8vo. 
 
 Hogan, E. Penna. State Trials; Trials of F. Hop- 
 kinson and J. Nicholson, Phila., 1794, 8vo. 
 
 Hogan, John Sheridan. Canada and her Re 
 source*, N. York, 1855, 8vo. To this work was awarded the 
 first prize of the Paris Exhibition Committee of Canada. 
 
 " II est fort bien ecrit, mais supernciel surtout pour ce qui a rap 
 port au Canada Inferieur, pays beaucoup plus ancien et interessant 
 que le Canada Superieur au point de vue historiqne." Diet. Hist. 
 des Ittust. du Canada et de I'Amerique, par Bibaud, Jeune, Montreal, 
 1857, 146. 
 
 See also Canada and her Resources, by Alex. Morris, 
 Montreal, 1855, 8vo, and The Rise of Canada from Barba 
 rism to Wealth and Civilization, by Charles Roger, of Que 
 bec, Lon., 1856, 8vo. 
 
 Hogan, W. Reports of Cases in the Rolls Court in 
 
 Ireland, temp. S. W. McMahon, Dubl., 1828-38, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Hogan, Wm., formerly R. Catholic priest. 1. Popery 
 
 as it Was and Is, Bost. 2. Auricular Confession and Popish 
 
 Nunneries, Lon., 1846, 12mo; 5th ed., 1851, 12mo. 
 
 Hogarth, George, a native of Scotland, late writer 
 to the signet in Edinburgh, was for many years musical 
 and dramatic critic of the London Morning Chronicle; but 
 since the establishment of the Daily News, in 1846, by his 
 Bon-in-law, Charles Dickens, the author, he has been con 
 nected with that sheet in a similar capacity. 1. Musical 
 History, Biography, and Criticism, Lon., 1836, 2 vols. 
 12mo. New ed. enlarged, 1838, 2 vols. 8vo. An excellent 
 work. Reviewed by G. W. Peck, in Amer. Whig Rev., 
 vii. 533. 2. Memoirs of the Musical Drama, 1838, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 " He brings general scholarship and cultivation to his task, ami 
 
 has produced a very instructive as well as entertaining work." 
 
 Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 3. Opera in Italy, France, Germany, and England, 1851, 
 2 vols. p. 8vo. This may be considered a new ed. of No. 2. 
 The view of the Musical Stage is brought down to the 
 date of publication, 1851. 
 860 
 
 "George Thomson, and George Hogarth, and the lave o' the 
 yamatoors will just lauch at ye as an ignoramus, that kens nae- 
 thing o' acowstics, or the dooble-dooble-bais, or Batehooven, or 
 Mowsart, or that Carle Weber." CHRISTOPHER NCHTH : Nodes 
 Ambrosiance. July, 1826. 
 
 Hogarth, Richard, a schoolmaster in London, 
 father of William Hogarth, the celebrated artist. Dis- 
 sertationes Grammaticales, Lon., 1712, 8vo. 
 
 Hogarth, William, 1697-1764, a celebrated painter 
 and engraver, son of the preceding, was a native of Lon 
 don. In 1730 he ran away with the daughter of the 
 eminent artist, Sir James Thornhill, who was soon recon 
 ciled to the match by the remarkable talents of his 
 volunteer son-in-law. We have already had occasion to 
 refer to his Analysis of Beauty, Lon., 1754, '72, '83, 4to, 
 [in Italian, Leghorn, 1761,) in which he was assisted by 
 Dr. Benjamin Hoadly, Dr. Morell, and the Rev. Mr. 
 Townley. This is a work of decided merit. In his ca 
 pacity as an artist he does not enter within the design of 
 our Dictionary. For an account of his works, collections of 
 his plates, <fec., consult authorities cited below. Especially 
 see 1. The Genuine Works of Wm. Hogarth, illustrated 
 with Biographical Anecdotes, a Chronological Catalogue 
 and Commentary, by John Nichols and George Steevens, 
 1808-17, 3 vols. 4to; 14 4s. Large paper, 27 6. 
 
 'These three volumes contain 210 plates, a great many of which 
 are not to be found in any other collection of Hogarth's works. 1 ' 
 Advert. 
 
 2. The Genuine Works of Wm. Hogarth, 1820-22, 24 
 Nos., atlas fol., from the original plates, retouched by 
 Heath; edited by Nichols; 153 plates. Pub. at 50. It 
 is stated that a number of copies were recently found in 
 the publisher's warehouse, and came into the possession 
 of H. G. Bohn, of London, who offered them at the low 
 price of 7 7s. See his Catalogue for 1848, p. 124, supp. 
 
 3. Hogarth Moralized, by John Trusler, LL.D., 1768, 8vo. 
 New ed., with Introduc. and Notes by Major, 1841, 8vo. 
 
 4. Hogarth Illustrated, by John Ireland, 1791-98, 3 vols. 
 r. 8vo. 5. Biographical Anecdotes of Wm. Hogarth, and 
 a Cat. of his Works, by John Nichols, 1781, '82, '85, 8vo. 
 The last is the best ed. 6. Anecdotes of Hogarth, by him 
 self, with Essay on his Life, Ac., by Nichols, 1833, 4 Pts. 
 8vo, 48 plates. 7. Clavis Hogarthiana, by Rev. E. Ferrens, 
 1817, 8vo. Those who wish a cheap Hogarth can procure 
 the 150 Plates lately pub. (1849, 2 vols. 4to) by Brain, of 
 London, for 2 5s. In addition to authorities just cited, 
 consult Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; Walpole's Anecdotes ; Chal 
 mers's Biog. Diet.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; Bryan's and 
 Spooner's Dictionaries ; Hazlitt's Lect. on the Works of 
 Hogarth ; Charles Lamb on the Genius of Hogarth ; 
 Thackeray's Lect. on Hogarth, Smollett, and Fielding. 
 
 " Your works I shall treasure up as & family book, or rather as 
 one of the classics, from which I shall regularly instruct my chil 
 dren, in the same manner as I should out of Homer or Virgil." 
 The Rev. J. Townley to Hogarth. 
 
 We would suggest that, as & family look, Hogarth is to 
 be used with considerable caution. 
 
 See For. Quar. Rev., xvi. 279; Blackw. Mag., iii. 609; 
 xxx. 655, 660; xxxix. 761; xliii. 466; 1.24; Lon. Month. 
 Rev., Ixxxii. 145; Phila. Analec. Mag., v. 150. 
 
 " It is not hazarding too much to assert that he was one of the 
 greatest comic geniuses that ever lived; and he was certainly one 
 of the most extraordinary men this country has produced." 
 HAZLITT: ubi supra. 
 
 " I was pleased with the reply of a gentleman, who, being asked 
 which book he esteemed most in his library, answered 'Shak- 
 speare:' being asked which he esteemed next best, replied 'Ho 
 garth.' " CHARLES LAMB : ubi supra. 
 
 " To the student of history, these admirable works must be in 
 valuable, as they give us the most complete and truthful picture 
 of the manners, and even the thoughts, of the past century.": 
 THACKERAY : ubi supra. 
 
 Hogben, James. Obstetric Studies, Lon., 1813, 4to ; 
 Plates, 1813, foL 
 
 Hoge, Moses, President of Hampden-Sidney College, 
 Virginia, d. in Phila., 1820, aged 60. A vol. of his serms. 
 was pub. after his death. 
 
 Hogg, Edward, M.D. Visit to Alexandria, Damas 
 cus, and Jerusalem, Lon., 1835, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Reviewed 
 in the London Athenaeum, 1835, 721. 
 
 Hogg, Jabez. 1. Domestic, Medical, and Surgical 
 Guide, Lon., 1852 ; 4th ed., 1857. 2. Elements of Nat. 
 Philos., 1852, 8vo. 3. Manual of Photography ; 4th ed., 
 1852, 12mo. 4. The Microscope : its Hist, Construe., &c., 
 1854, '55, '57, 8vo. 5. The Ophthalmoscope; 2d ed., 1858. 
 
 Hogg, J. J, Lect. on Study of Civil Law, Lon., 
 1831, 8vo. 
 
 Hogg, James, " The Ettrick Shepherd," December 9, 
 1770-Nov. 21, 1835, first saw the light in a cottage on the 
 banks of the Ettrick River, in Selkirkshire, Scotland. His 
 ancestors had been shepherds for five centuries, and James 
 
HOG 
 
 HOG 
 
 commenced his apprenticeship in the same humble calling 
 when only seven years of age. Few authors who have 
 obtained reputation have commenced on so slender a stock 
 of knowledge ; for the whole of the shepherd's scholastic 
 education was comprised in six months' instruction received 
 before he was eight years of age,. In 1790 he entered the 
 service of Mr. Laidlaw as a shepherd, and remained in 
 this post for the ensuing ten years, the leisure hours of 
 which were profitably occupied with the perusal of books 
 from his master's library. In 1796 he commenced the 
 composition of songs and ballads, and in the next year an 
 ardent desire to be the successor of Burns of whom he 
 then first heard gave an impetus to his poetical genius, 
 which, to the astonishment of the world, resulted some 
 years later in the production of The Queen's Wake. Some 
 of his juvenile pieces happened at this time to fall into 
 the hands of Sir Walter Scott, by whom they were highly 
 commended. The first of his published productions, The 
 Patriot Lay of Donald McDonald, composed in 1800, and 
 printed in 1801, soon became a general favourite, and was 
 sung amidst acclamations, published and set to music, 
 whilst even the name of the author was unknown. In 
 180] he wrote a prose essay called Reflections on a View of 
 the Nocturnal Heavens, and in the same year, whilst on a 
 visit to Edinburgh to dispose of some of his sheep, he pub. 
 a collection of his best poems. In 1802 he contributed 
 to Sir Walter Scott's Border Minstrelsy; and five years 
 later gave to the world The Shepherd's Guide, (an Essay 
 011 Sheep,) and a vol. of songs, ballads, and tales, entitled 
 The Mountain Bard. By these two works he made about 
 300, which was soon swallowed up in the cultivation of 
 an unprofitable farm; and .the publication of the Forest 
 Minstrel, a collection of the poet's early songs, in 1810, 
 failed to meet with that encouragement which the declin 
 ing fortunes of the author greatly needed. In the same 
 year he commenced the issue of a periodical, intended as 
 a censor of literature and manners, entitled The Spy. For 
 this self-imposed task the conductor was altogether un- 
 suited, and the new paper lingered but a twelvemonth 
 and then expired. One good result, however, is to be 
 attributed to the publication of The Spy. Some of his 
 friends were so much pleased with some of the poetry con 
 tributed by the editor to his sheet, that they urged him to 
 attempt the composition of a regular poem. Hogg was 
 always ready to be encouraged; and his friends were gra 
 tified, with the rest of the world, in the spring of 1813, by 
 the publication of The Queen's Wake, a Legendary Poem, 
 by far his best production, and one which would not have 
 disgraced the best of the great poets who were at that 
 time delighting the literary circles of the day. Of the 
 seventeen ballads in this work, the general favourite is the 
 legend of Kilmeny : certainly an exquisite production. 
 The reputation of the author was now established: the 
 poet became a celebrity; and happy was that lady of 
 quality who could secure for her fashionable parties the 
 rustic form, and still more rustic songs and witticisms, of 
 the far-famed Ettrick Shepherd. The Queen's Wake soon 
 reached its 5th edit., and the Shepherd needed nothing 
 more to make him an author for life, as the following list 
 of works, which appeared in rapid succession, will abun 
 dantly testify. POETRY: 1. Pilgrims of the Sun, 1815, 1 
 vol. 2. The Hunting of Badlewe, 1 vol. 3. Madoc of the 
 Moor, 1816, 1 vol. 4. Poetic Mirror; or, Living Bards of 
 Britain, 1 vol. This work, consisting of imitations of dis 
 tinguished living poets, was all (with the exception of 
 Scott's pretended epistle to Southey, the work of Thomas 
 Priugle) written by Hogg in three weeks. 5. Dramatic 
 Tales, 2 vols. 6. Sacred Melodies, 1 vol. 7. The Border 
 Garland, 1 vol. 8. The Jacobite Relics of Scotland : vol. i., 
 1819 ; vol. ii., 1821. Partly original. 9. Queen Hynde, 
 1825, 1 vol. 10. The Royal Jubilee; a Masque, 1 vol. 
 11. A Selection of his Songs, 1831, 1 vol. 12. The Queer 
 Book : 26 Miscellaneous Poems, some of which had ap 
 peared in Blackwood, 1 vol. A collection of his best 
 poems was pub. at Edinburgh in 1822, in 4 vols. 8vo. 
 PROSE : 13. The Brownie of Bodsbeck, and other Tales, 
 1818, 2 vols. 14. Winter Evening Tales, 1820, 2 vols. 
 15. The Three Perils of Man, 1822, 3 vols. 16. The Three 
 Perils of Woman, 1823, 3 vols. 17. The Confessions of a 
 Justified Sinner, 1824, 1 vol. 18. The Shepherd's Calen 
 dar, 1829, 2 vols. Composed of tales originally pub. in 
 Blackwood's Magazine. 19. Altrive Tales, 1832. Vol. i. 
 only appeared, although twelve were contemplated, one 
 every other month. The Tales were to be such traditionary 
 stories as were current with the Altrive peasantry, and 
 collected from them. The failure of Cochran & Co., the 
 publishers, prevented the prosecution of the plan. 20. Do- 
 
 | mestic Manners of Sir Walter Scott, 1834. Considered a 
 very impertinent production. 21. Lay Sermons, 1834, 1 
 vol. 22. Tales of the Wars of Montrose, 1835, 3 vols. In 
 1817 Hogg found himself settled on his farm of Altrive, 
 consisting of seventy acres on the banks of the Yarrow, 
 for which he was indebted to the kindness of the Duke 
 and Duchess of Buccleuch. In 1820, in his 48th year, he 
 was married to Miss Margaret Phillips, who seems to have 
 made him a very good wife : she and three of their chil 
 dren, daughters, are now living, and Mrs. Hogg was re 
 cently pensioned by government. Shortly after his mar 
 riage he took up his residence at Mount Benger; but, being 
 again unfortunate in his agricultural experiments, he was 
 obliged to return to Altrive. The last years of his life 
 were tranquilly passed in the prosecution of his literary 
 pursuits, varied by the sports of the field, to which he waa 
 passionately attached. In the autumn of 1835 his health 
 was prostrated by an attack of the jaundice, which re 
 sulted in a disease of the liver, and terminated fatally on 
 the 21st of November, 1835, in the 65th year of his age. 
 For further information respecting this uneducated genius, 
 we refer the reader to his autobiographical reminiscences; 
 to the Memoir, by Professor John Wilson, prefixed to 
 Blackie & Co.'s collective edit, of Hogg's Works, 1850, 5 
 vols. 12mo ; Life, by Dr. R. S. Mackenzie, prefixed to hia 
 edit, of Noctes Ambrosianae, N. York, 1855, vol. iv., i.-xxii. ; 
 Dr. Mackenzie's collection of Maginn's O'Doherty Papers, 
 1855, i. 29-32; Life, in Lon. Gent. Mag., Jan. 1836; 
 Hewitt's Homes and Haunts of Brit. Poets; Chambera 
 and Thomson's Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen ; Lockhart's 
 Life of Scott; Scott's Poetical Works; Gilfillan's First 
 Gallery of Literary Portraits; Allan Cunningham's Biog. 
 and Crit. Hist, of the Lit of the Last Fifty years ; Moir's 
 Poet. Lit. of the Past Half-Century ; Wilson's Recreations 
 of Christopher North ; and especially to the Noctes Am 
 brosianae, where The Shepherd is painted to the life: and 
 see the General Index to Blackwood's Mag., vols. i.-l. ; 
 Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.; Memoirs of a Literary Vete 
 ran; Edin. Rev., v. 662; by Lord Jeffrey, ib. xxiv. 157; 
 Lon. Month. Rev., xciii. 263 ; xcv. 428 ; cvi. 368; cxxviii. 
 82; Eraser's Mag., i. 291; v. 97, 114, 482; xx. 414; N. 
 Amer. Rev., by W.Tudor, ii. 103; by F. Dexter, ix. 1; 
 Phil. Analec. Mag., iii. 104; yi. 36; xi. 414; Phila. Mu 
 seum, xxi. 97; xxxvii. 438. A collective ed. of Hogg's 
 Tales and Sketches was pub. in 1838, 6 vols. fp. 8vo; 
 again in 1851 ; collective ed. of his Poetical Works, 1850, 
 5 vols. 12mo; 1852, 5 vols. 12mo. We have already stated 
 that the Queen's Wake is considered to be by far the best 
 of his productions : a few brief notices of this poem may 
 therefore be here appropriately introduced : 
 
 " The Queen's Wake is a garland of fair forest-flowers, bound 
 with a band of rushes from the moor. It is not a poem, not it; 
 nor was it intended to be so; you might as well call a bright 
 bouquet of flowers a flower, which, by-the-by, we do in Scotland. 
 Some of the ballads are very beautiful; one or two even splendid; 
 most of them spirited ; and the worst far better than the best that 
 was ever written by any bard in danger of being a blockhead. 
 Kilmeny alone places our (ay, our) Shepherd among the Undying 
 Ones." PROFESSOR WILSON : Christopher North's Recreations : An 
 Hour's Talk about Poetry. 
 
 "The poem is unequal, and it could not well be otherwise; it 
 consists of the songs of many minstrels in honour of Queen Mary, 
 united together by a sort of recitative, very rambling, amusing, 
 and characteristic. Some of the strains of the contending Bards 
 are of the highest order, both of conception and execution; the 
 Abbot of Eye has great ease, vigour, and harmony, and the story 
 of the Fair Kilmeny, for true simplicity, exquisite loveliness, and 
 graceful and original fancy, cannot be matched in the whole com 
 pass of British song." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM : Biog. and Crit. Hist. 
 of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years. 
 
 " The specimens we have already given [of Kilmen}'] will enable 
 the reader to judge of the style and manner of this singular com 
 position ; upon the strength of which alone we should feel our 
 selves completely justified in assuring the author that no doubt 
 can be entertained that he is a poet, in the highest acceptation 
 of the name." LORD JEFFREY : Edin. Rev., Nov. 1814. 
 
 " The Legend of Kilmeny is as beautiful as any thing in that 
 department of poetry. It contains a fine moral : that purity of 
 heart makes an earthly creature a welcome denizen of heaven; 
 and the tone and imagery are all fraught with a tenderness and 
 grace that are as unearthly as the subject of the legend." Howitt's 
 Homes and Haunts of the Brit. Poets. 
 
 " Kilmeny has been the theme of universal admiration, and 
 deservedly so, for it is what Warton would have denominated 
 'pure poetry.' It is, for the most part, the glorious emanation of 
 a sublime fancy, the spontaneous sprouting forth of amaranthine 
 flowers of sentiment, the bubbling out and welling over of in 
 spiration's fountain." D. M. MoiR: Poet. Lit. of tlie Past Half- 
 Century. 
 
 An acute critic, already quoted, after noticing Hogg's 
 defects as a prose-writer, evinces a disposition to do full 
 justice to his real merits : 
 
 "When he chooses to be simple and unaffected, there are fe* 
 to match him: his Wool-Gatherer, Home of his Winter Night's 
 
HOG 
 
 HOL 
 
 Tales, which, instead of lengthening the nights, as a surly critic 
 averred, shortened them for thousands, his Brownie of Bods- 
 beck, and indeed all his fictions, exhibit much of the innocence 
 and truth and blamelessness of pastoral life. In his finer moods, 
 no one has equalled him in the rare power of uniting the elegance 
 of superstitious fancy with the realities of life." ALLAN CUNNING 
 HAM : uli supra. 
 
 The name of the author of The Queen's Wake will recall 
 to many the beautiful extemporaneous tribute of Words 
 worth on hearing of the death of his brother poet : 
 " When first, descending from the moorlands, 
 
 I saw the stream of Yarrow glide 
 Along a bare and open valley, 
 
 The Ettrick Shepherd was my guide," Ac. 
 
 Hogg, John. Serms., 1759, '75, both 8vo. 
 
 Hogg, Robert, co-editor of the Cottage Gardener. 
 1. British Pomology, Lon., 1851, 8vo. 2. Manual of Fruits. 
 3. The Dahlia, 1853, r. 8vo. 4. The Vegetable Kingdom 
 and its Products, 1858, cr. 8vo. 
 
 Hogg, Thomas. St. Michael's Mount; a Poem, 
 1811, 4to. 
 
 Hogg, Thomas. The Fabulous Hist, of the Ancient 
 Kingdom of Cornwall, Lon., 1827, 8vo. 
 
 Hogg, Thomas, Florist, of Paddington Green, Mid 
 dlesex. 1. Growth and Cult, of the Carnation ; 6th ed., 
 1839, 12mo. See Lon. Monthly Censor, Oct 1822. See 
 also Trans. Hortic. Soc. 
 
 Hoggard, Miles. See HUGGARD. 
 
 Hoker, or Hooker, John. See HOOKER. 
 
 Holberry, Mark. Farewell Serm., Leeds, 1770, 8vo. 
 
 Holborne, Anthony. The Cittharn Schoole, 1597. 
 The cittern or cithern (Latin, cithara, a harp or lyre) 
 was a stringed musical instrument, similar to a guitar. 
 
 Holbourne, Sir Robert, M.P., d. 1647, an eminent 
 lawyer temp. Charles I. 1. Readings upon the Statute 
 25 Edw. III., cap. 2, of Treasons. To which is added 
 Brown's Cases of Treasons, Oxf., 1642, 4to. 2. The Free 
 holder's Grand Inquest rel. to the King and Parl. This 
 bears the name of Sir Robert Filmer, who repub. it in 
 1679 and 1680, Svo, with observ. on Forms of Govern 
 ment. See Athen. Oxon ; Lloyd's Memoirs, vol. i. ; Bridg- 
 man's Leg. Bibl. 
 
 Holbrook, Anthony. Serms., <fcc., 1715-31. 
 
 Holbrook, J., Special Agent U. States Post-Office 
 Department. Ten Years among the Mail-Bags, Phila., 
 185W, 12mo, pp. 432. A valuable and entertaining work. 
 
 Holbrook, John Edwards, M.D., b. at Beaufort, 
 S. Carolina, 1795, a graduate of Brown University, Provi 
 dence, R. Island, has been, since 1824, Professor of Ana 
 tomy in the Medical College of the State of S. Carolina. 
 1. American Herpetology; or, a Description of Reptiles 
 inhabiting the United States, Phila., 1842, 5 vols. sm. 4to; 
 $50. 2. Southern Ichthyology, embracing Georgia, Florida, 
 and South Carolina. It was discontinued after two numbers 
 were pub., the field being considered too extensive by the au 
 thor, as he had to make all his drawings from life. He is 
 now publishing a work on the Fishes of South Carolina, 
 ten numbers of which have made their appearance. Such 
 useful labourers in the walks of scientific research are 
 worthy of all commendation. 
 
 Holbrooke, W., M.D. Mischiefs arising from swal 
 lowing Plumb-stones; Phil. Trans., 1710. 
 
 Holcombe, James P. 1. Introduc. to Equity Ju 
 risprudence, Cin., 1846, Svo. 2. A Selection of Leading 
 Cases upon Commercial Law, Phila., 1847, Svo ; N. York, 
 1848, 8vo. 3. Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme Ct. 
 U. States from its commencement to the present time, 
 1848, 8vo. 
 
 " As a compact and convenient index to near fifty volumes of 
 reports, it must prove very useful to the profession." LEVI WOOD- 
 BURY. 
 
 4. Law of Debtor and Creditor in the U. States and 
 Canada, Phila., 1848, Svo ; N. York, 1851, 8vo. 5. Smith's 
 Compendium of Mercantile Law, edited by J. P. Hol 
 combe and W. Y. Gholson; greatly enlarged, Ac., 1850, 
 Svo. New ed., greatly enlarged from last London edit., 
 1855, Svo, pp. 775. 
 
 Holcombe, Wm. Serm., Lon., 1789, 4to. 
 
 Holcombe, Wm. H., M.D. The Scientific Basis 
 of Homoeopathy, Cin., 12mo. 
 
 Holcot, Robert, i.e. Richard de Bury, q. v. 
 
 Holcroft, Miss Fanny, daughter of the following. 
 1. Memoirs of Conde ; from the French of Conde, 1807, 
 Svo. 2. The Wife and the Lover; a Nov., 1813, 3 vols. 
 12mo. 3. Fortitude and Frailty, 1817, 4 vols. 
 
 Holcroft, Thomas, 1744-1809, a native of London, 
 the son of a shoemaker, after being a groom and an actor, 
 commenced writing for the stage, and became the author 
 of a number of plays, poems, novels, and translations from 
 
 the French and German. He was a member of the Society 
 for Constitutional Reform ; and learning, in 1794, that he 
 was indicted, he voluntarily resigned himself to the proper 
 authorities ; but, upon the acquittal of Hardy, Holcroft 
 and the other prisoners mentioned in the indictment were 
 discharged without a trial. His best-known plays (over 
 thirty of which are registered in the Biog. Dramat.) are 
 
 1. Duplicity; a Com., Lon., 1781, Svo. Very successful. 
 
 2. The School for Arrogance ; a Com., 1791, Svo. 3. The 
 Road to Ruin ; a Com., 1792, 8vo. 
 
 " This comedy ranks among the most successful of modern plays. 
 There is merit in the writing, but much more in that dramatic 
 science which disposes characters, scenes, and dialogue, with mi 
 nute attention to theatric ambition." MRS. INCHBAID. 
 
 " Mr. Holcroft, in his Road to Ruin, set the example of that 
 style of comedy in which the slang phrases of jockey noblemen 
 and the humours of the four-in-hand club are blended with the 
 romantic sentiments of distressed damsels and philosophic wait 
 ing-maids, and in which he has been imitated by the most suc 
 cessful of our living writers, unless we make a separate class for 
 the school of Cumberland." HazliWs Lects. on the Comic Writers 
 of the Last Century. 
 
 4. The Deserted Daughter; a Com., 1795, Svo. Very 
 successful. Of his novels, among the most popular were 
 . Alwyn; or, the Gentleman Comedian, 1780. 6. Anna 
 St. Ives, 1792, 7 vols. 12mo. Tolerably successful. 7. 
 ftugh Trevor, 1794, 3 vols. 12mo. 8. Bryan Perdue, 1805, 
 3 vols. sm. Svo. In 1783, 4to, he pub. (9.) Human Hap 
 piness, or the Sceptic ; a Poem ; a work of bad tendency ; 
 nd in 1806, 2 vols. 12mo, gave to the world (10.) Tales in. 
 Verse, Critical, Satirical, and Humorous. See Miss Mit- 
 ford's Recollec. of a Lit. Life; Edin. Rev., x. 101-111. 
 3f his translations we may instance 11. Caroline of Lich- 
 ield ; from the French, 1786, 3 vols. Svo. 12. Life of 
 Frederic, Baron Trenck ; from the German, 1788, 3 vols. 
 12mo. 
 
 " If ever one happens to take up an English version of a French 
 or German book of that period, Memoirs of Baron Trenck, or 
 Caroline de Litchfield, and if that version have in it the zest 
 and savour of original writing, we shall be sure to find the name 
 of Thomas Holcroft in the title-page." Miss MITFORD : ubi supra. 
 
 13. Posthumous Works of Frederic II., King of Prussia; 
 from the French, 1789, 3 vols. Svo. For this translation 
 Holcroft is said to have received about 1200. See Prof. 
 Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist. 14. Lavater's Essays on 
 Physiognomy; from the German, 1793, 3 vols. large Svo. 
 360 engravings; 5 5*. 15. Herman and Dorothea; from 
 the German of Goethe, 1801, Svo. In 1804 he pub. (16.) 
 Travels from Hamburgh, through Westphalia, Holland, 
 and the Netherlands, to Paris, 1806, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 " Upon the whole, we think that this book is a great deal too 
 long, and that it has attained this magnitude by the most intrepid 
 and extensive application of the approved recipes for book-making 
 that has yet come under our consideration." LORD JEFFREY : Edin. 
 Rev., iv. 84-99, q. v. 
 
 In 1815, 3 vols. 12mo, appeared (17.) his Memoirs written 
 by himself, continued [by Wm. Hazlitt, Sr.] to the time of 
 his Death, from his Diary, Notes, and other Papers. A 
 new ed. was pub. in Longman's Travellers' Library in 1851, 
 in 2 Pts. ; also in 1 vol. ; and an abridgment will be found 
 in Miss Mitford's Recollections of a Literary Life. See 
 also Hazlitt's First Acquaintance with Poets ; Biog. Dra 
 mat. ; and Lon. Gent. Mag. It is but justice to the memory 
 of Holcroft to remark that he is said to have renounced 
 his irreligious opinions when he found himself about 
 visiting a world where they were not likely to prove of 
 much benefit to him. 
 
 Holden, Rev. G., d. at Tatham, near Lancaster, 
 England, 1793, was the author of an annual publication 
 entitled Holden's Tide-Table. 
 
 Holden, George, Perpetual Curate of Mayhull, 
 Liverpool ; one of the most eminent of modern Hebraists. 
 1. An Attempt towards an improved Trans, of the Proverbs 
 of Solomon, Liverp., 1819, Svo. 
 
 "This is the most valuable help to the critical understanding 
 of the Book of Proverbs extant in our language." Home's Bill. 
 Bib. 
 
 2. The Scripture Testimonies to the Divinity of our 
 Lord, collected and Illustrated, Lon., 1820, Svo. 3. An 
 Attempt to illustrate the Book of Ecclesiastes, 1822, Svo. 
 
 "The best that has fallen under the notice of the writer of the 
 present work." Hwne's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Another eminent authority remarks of this and the 
 work on the Proverbs, (No. 1, ante:) 
 
 "These two works are among the ablest pieces of biblical illus 
 tration with which we have lately been furnished. The author is 
 evidently an excellent Hebrew scholar." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 4. A Dissert, on the Fall of Man ; in which the Literal 
 Sense of the Mosaic Account of that Event is asserted and 
 vindicated, 1823, Svo. 
 
 " All the efforts of perverted criticism to reduce the Mosaic His 
 tory of the Fall of Man to allegory, fable, or mythos. are here 
 
HOL 
 
 HOL 
 
 examined in detail ; and the objections of its adversaries to the 
 literal sense of that history are minutely and satisfactorily refuted." 
 Home's Bill. Bib. 
 
 5. The Christian Sabbath, 1825, 8vo. This valuable 
 vol. contains a list of 146 writers upon the same subject. 
 6. The Christian Expositor, or Practical Guide to the 
 Study of the New Test. ; intended for the Use of General 
 Readers, 1830, 12mo ; 2d ed., 1837, 12mo. 
 
 " The task is accomplished with great intelligence and learning." 
 Lon. Month. Rev., July, 1830, pp. 468-469. 
 
 " The reader who has recourse to his pages for the interpretation 
 of really difficult passages will rarely, if ever, be disappointed." 
 Lon. Chris. JKememb. 
 
 See Home's Bibl. Bib., 265, 306. 
 
 7. The Christian Expositor, Old Test., 1834, 12mo. 
 
 " Not only general readers, but also critical students, may gladly, 
 profitably, and safely avail themselves of Mr. Holden's labours, 
 without any apprehension of having imposed upon them the neo- 
 logian interpretations of modern German critics and commenta 
 tors. Every page indicates Mr. Holden's intimate acquaintance 
 with all the best exegetical works on the Holy Scriptures, both 
 British and Foreign." Home's Bibl. Bib., 265. 
 
 8. Scriptural Vindication of Church Establishments, 
 1836, 12mo. 9. Authority of Tradition in Matters of Re 
 ligion, 1838, 12mo. 10. Treatise on Justification, 1840, 
 12mo. 
 
 Holden, Henry, D.D., 1596-1662, a learned R. Ca 
 tholic divine, a native of Lancashire, was educated at 
 Douay, where he took the name of Johnson, and from 
 1623 until his death was attached to the University of 
 Paris. 1. Divinae Fidei Analysis, Paris, 1652, 8vo. Editio 
 altera, printed by Barbou, 1767, 12mo. In English, by 
 W. G., 1658, 4to. 
 
 " An excellent work, and comprises, in a few words, the whole 
 economy of religion." L'Avocat. 
 
 Dupin gives an analysis of this work, and commends 
 it, and Charles Butler also speaks highly of it. 2. Mar 
 ginal Notes on the New Test, 1660, 2 vols. 12mo. 3. Lett, 
 cone. White's De Medio Animarum Statu, 1661, 4to. 4. 
 Tract, de Schismate. 5. Tract, de Usura. See Dupin; 
 Dodd's Ch. Hist. ; Biog. Univ. 
 
 Holden, Horace. A Narrative of his Shipwreck, 
 Ac., Boat., 1836. See N. Amer. Rev., xliii. 206; Lieber's 
 Essays on Property, &c. 
 
 Holden, Rev. Hubert Ashton. 1. Foliormn Sil- 
 vula: Selec. for Lat and Gr. Verse, Camb., 1852, p. 8vo ; 2d 
 ed., 1857. Pt. 2, 1857; 2d ed., 1858. 2. Foliorum Centurise: 
 Selec. for Lat. and Gr. Prose, 1852, p. 8vo; ,2d ed., 1858. 
 
 Holden, J. Serrn. at Nortian, Sussex, 1812. 
 
 Holden, John. Essay towards a Rational System 
 of Music, Glasg., 1770, 4to ; Edin., 1807, 8vo. 
 
 Holden, L. 1. A Manual of the Dissection of the 
 Human Body, Lon., 1849-50, 3 Pts. p. 8vo. 2. Human 
 Osteology, 1855, 8vo, 2d ed., 1857. 
 
 Holden, Laurence, a Unitarian minister of Maldon, 
 Essex, England, b. 1710. 1. XXII. Serms., Lon., 1755, 
 8vo. 2. Fast Serm., 1757, 8vo. 3. A Paraphrase of the 
 Book of Job, Psalms, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes, with 
 Notes, Crit, Hist, and Prac., 1763, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " This is one of the worst specimens in the English language 
 of paraphrastic interpretation." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " To what class of readers this performance will be useful or 
 agreeable, we really know not; but this we verily believe, that 
 persons of taste, learning, or judgment, will find very little in it 
 to engage their attention." Lon. Month. Rev., O. S., xxxi. 73. 
 
 " The public opinion seems to have been in unison with that of 
 the Monthly Reviewers; the book has never been popular, and it 
 is to be purchased at a very low price; on which account, this 
 notice is inserted as a caution to the student who may be inex 
 perienced in the real value of books." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 4. Paraphrase on Isaiah, Chelmsf.. 1776, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 " In little estimation." Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 5. Funl. Serm., Tenderden, 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Holden, R. Doctrine of R. Catholics cone, the Eccles. 
 Guide in Controversies of Religion, [by R. H.,] 1623. 
 
 Holden, Samuel. Answer to a Letter to S. H.. Lon., 
 1732, 8vo. 
 
 Holden, Thomas. Shoe-making Machine: Nic. 
 Jour., 1806. 
 
 Holden, Rev. Win. C., fifteen years a resident at 
 the colony of Natal, South Africa. History of the Colony 
 of Natal, Lon., 1855, 8vo. 
 
 " The information contained in this history evinces much care 
 and diligence in its collection, and may be regarded as fully re 
 liable." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 " It is the best book that we have seen on Natal." ion. Edtc. 
 Rev. 
 
 Holder, Rev. Henry Evans, of Barbadoes, pub. a 
 number of Discourses, a novel, a poem, and theolog. and 
 educational works, 1783-98. 
 
 Holder, William, D.D., d. 1697, Canon of Ely and 
 of St. Paul's. 1. Elements of Speech, Lon., 1669, 8vo. 
 Commended by Charles Burney, Mus. Doc. 2. Supp. to 
 
 Phil. Trans, of July, 1670, 4to, 1678. 3. Discourse on 
 Time, 1694, 1701, 8vo. 4. Principles, &c. of Harmony, 
 1694, 8vo. See also Phil. Trans., 1694. 5. Introductio 
 ad Chronologiam, Oxf., 1704, 8vo. 6. On Deafness ; Phil. 
 Trans., 1668. See Athen. Oxon.; Ward's Gresham Pro 
 fessors ; Letters from the Bodleian Lib., 1813, 3 vols. Svo; 
 Rees's Cyc. 
 
 Holderness, Mary. 1. Manners and Customs of 
 the Crim Tartars, 12mo. 2. Journey from Riga to the 
 Crimea, 1823, 8vo. This lady resided four years in the 
 Crimea. 3. A Manual of Devotion, 1825, 12mo. 
 
 Holdich, Joseph, D.D., a Methodist minister, b. in 
 Thorney Fen, Cambridgeshire, England, admitted into 
 the Phila. Conference, 1822 ; Prof, of Moral Science and 
 Belles-Lettres in the Wesleyan Univ., Middletown, Conn., 
 1835-49; a secretary of the American Bible Society, 1849 
 to the present time. 1. Bible Questions. 2. Bible History. 
 3. Memoirs of Aaron H. Kurd. 4. Life of Wilbur Fisk.D.D., 
 N. York, 1842, 8vo. Dr. H. has also contributed a number 
 of articles to periodicals. 
 
 Holditch, Benjamin. Hist, of Crowland Abbey ; 
 digested from materials collected by Mr. Gough, 1816, 8vo. 
 Perhaps the same person as the next. 
 
 Holditch, Benjamin, 1770-1824, editor of the 
 Farmer's Journal. 1. The Weeds of Agriculture, 1825, Svo. 
 Posth. ; pub. by Geo. Sinclair. 
 
 "No better work can be in the hands of the tiller of the soil." 
 Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 2. Ewes in the Lambing Season. He left some addit. 
 papers on British Grasses, which were not pub. See Do 
 naldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Holditch, Rob. Emigrant's Guide to America, 
 Economical and Political, 1818, Svo. 
 
 Holdreth, Lionel H. Shadows of the Past, Lon., 
 1856. 
 
 " They seem to have been suggested by real experience, and not 
 to spring from the vague determination to write poetry. The 
 echoes of the Tennysonian music predominate in these poems, as 
 they do in most volumes of verse that we open." Westminster 
 Rev., July, 1856. 
 
 Holdsworth, Edward, 1688-1747, an excellent 
 scholar, educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford. 1. Musci- 
 pula ; a Latin Poem. There is an English trans, of this by 
 J. Hoadly in Dodsley's Miscellanies, vol. v., and another 
 trans, among Dr.Cobden's Poems; also trans, by R.Lewis, 
 1728. 2. The Two Phillipi in Virgil's Georgics, 1741, 4to. 
 3. Remarks, <fec. on Virgil ; pub. by Joseph Spence, with 
 addits., 1768, 4to. See Spence's Polymetis; Nichols's Lit. 
 Anec. ; Nichols's Hist, of Leicestershire; Gent. Mag., vol. 
 Ixi. 
 
 Holdsworth, Holsworth, Olds worth, or Oldis- 
 worth, Richard, D.D., 1590-1649, educated at and 
 Fellow of St. John's Coll., Camb. ; Prof, of Divinity at 
 Gresham Coll., 1629; Preb. of Lincoln, 1631; Archdeacon 
 of Huntingdon, 1633 ; Master of Emanuel Coll., Camb., 
 1637. He was attached to the cause of Charles I., and 
 twice imprisoned by the Republicans. 1. Serm., Ps. cxliv. 
 15; H. M. Inaug., Camb., 1642, 4to. 2. Answer without 
 a Question, Lon., 1649. 3. Valley of Vision; in twenty- 
 one Serms., 1651, 4to. 
 
 " The author was composed of a learned head, a gracious heart, 
 a bountiful hand, and a patient back comfortably and cheerfully 
 to endure such heavy afflictions as were laid upon him." Thomas 
 Fuller's Preface. 
 
 4. Praelectiones Theologicae, 1661, fol. Pub. by hia 
 nephew, Dr. Wm. Pearson, with a life of the author, q. v. 
 See also Ward's Gresham Professors ; Athen. Oxon. ; 
 Barwick's Life ; Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy; Lloyd's 
 Memoirs, vol. i. ; Peck's Desiderata, vol. ii. 
 
 Holdsworth, W. Natural Short-Hand. See ALD- 
 RIDGE, W. 
 
 Holdsworth, Winch, D.D. 1. Serm., John v. 28, 29, 
 Oxf., 1720, Svo. This serin., on the resurrection of the 
 same body, directed against Locke and others, occasioned 
 some controversy. 2. Defence of the Resurrection of the 
 same Body, Lon., 1727, Svo. Also against the views of 
 Mr. Locke. 
 
 Hole, John. Dictionary of Music, 1791, Svo. 
 
 Hole, Matthew, d. 1730? aged about 90, entered 
 Exeter College, Oxford, 1657; Fellow, 1663; Preb. of 
 Wells, 1687; Vicar of Stoke Courcy, about 1687; Rector 
 of his College, 1715. He is best known by the following 
 excellent works, i.e. Nos. 1, 2, and 3. 1. Prac. Expos, of the 
 Church Catechism, Lon., 1708, 4to ; 1715, 2 vols. Svo; 
 vol. i., 3d ed., 1732, Svo; vol. ii. 1731, Svo. 
 
 " This is an elaborate exposition, though deficient in the full 
 statement of evangelical motives. There are others by Kenn, 
 i Wake, Marsh, James Stillingfleet, the Bristol Tract Society, Basil, 
 i Woodd, Dixon, &c."Bickersteth's Chris. Stu. 
 
HOL 
 
 HOL 
 
 2. Prac. Discourses on all the Parts and Offices of the 
 Liturgy of the Church of Eng., 1714-16, 6 vols. 8vo. 
 Often bound in 4 or 5 vols. New ed., by Rev. J. A. Giles, 
 1837-38, 4 vols. Svo. 
 
 " An elaborate practical work, but not duly exhibiting evan 
 gelical motives." BicktrsleWs C. S. 
 
 3. Prac. Discourses on Charity, Oxf., 1725, Svo. 
 
 An eminent authority remarks of the three works above 
 noticed, 
 
 " They are all characterized by good sense and sober piety." 
 Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 4. Serms. on Acts xiv. 17, 1720, Svo. 5. On Matt. xi. 
 6, 1721, Svo. 6. On Acts v. 38, 39. 7. On 1 Tim. vi. 9, 
 10, 1721, Svo. He also pub. several separate serms., and 
 some theolog. treatises. 
 
 Hole, Richard, d. 1803, succeeded to the living of 
 Farringdon in 1792. 1. Fingal, in rhyme. 2. Homer's 
 Hymn to Ceres, in English verse, 1781, 8vo. 
 
 " A beautiful translation, though somewhat too paraphrastic." 
 
 3. Arthur; a Poet. Romance, 1789, 4to. 4. Remarks on 
 the Arabian Nights, 1797, Svo. See FOSTER, REV. EDWARD, 
 p. 616. 5. Character of Homer's Ulysses, 1807, Svo. 
 
 Hole, Robert. Parthenia Inviolata; or, Mayden- 
 Musick for the Virginalls, 4to. 
 
 Hole, Wm., D.D. Archdeacon of Staple, son of the 
 preceding. 1. Observ. upon Ornaments in Churches, 4to. 
 2. Serm., Oxf., 1743, Svo. 
 
 Holford, George, M.P. 1. Poems, 1789. 2. Destruc. 
 of Jerusalem, 1805, Svo. 3. Observations, 1808, Svo. 4. 
 Speech, 1814, Svo. 5. Speech, 1815, Svo. 6. Thoughts on 
 the Criminal Prisons of this Country, 1821. See Rev. 
 Sydney Smith's Works, Lon., 1854, ii. 202-239. 
 
 Holford, Mrs. M., of Chester. 1. Fanny and Selina ; 
 a Tale. With Gresford Vale, and other Poems, Lon., 1798, 
 12mo. 2. Gresford Vale, Ac., 1798, 4to. 3. Neither's the 
 Man; a Com., 1799, Svo. 4. First Impressions; a Nov., 
 1801, 4 vols. 12mo. 5. Way to Win her; a Com., 1814. 
 
 Holford, Miss Margaret. See HODSON, MRS. 
 
 Holgate, Jerome B. 1. Atlas of American Hist., 
 1492-1842, N. York, 1842, fol. 2. Key to Historical Chart, 
 1838, Svo. 3. Conversations on the Present Age of the 
 World, in connection with Prophecy, Albany, 1852, 12mo. 
 4. American Genealogy ; being a Hist, of some of the 
 Early Settlers of N. America, and their Descendants, 
 1856, 4to. 
 
 Holiband, Claudius. See HOLLYBAND. 
 
 Holiday, Barten. See HOLYDAY. 
 
 Holinshed, Holinshead, Holingshed, orHol- 
 lynshed, Raphael, known by the valuable chronicles 
 that go under his name, was descended from a family 
 which lived at Bosely, in Cheshire, and died between 1578 
 and 1582; and this is all that has been ascertained respect 
 ing him. The Chronicles of Englande, Scotlande, and 
 Ireland, Lon., 1577, 2 vols. fol. This is the first or 
 " Sbakspeare" (so called because used by the great bard 
 in the arrangement of some of his plots) edition. It 
 contains many wood-cuts, which were omitted and the 
 language altered in the 2d edit, which appeared in 
 1586-87, 3 vols. fol. : commonly bound in two. This edit, 
 was supervised, corrected, and enlarged by Abraham 
 Fleming, and his brother Samuel assisted in compiling 
 the elaborate index. Holinshed was not the sole author 
 of these Chronicles. Vol. i. was partly composed by Wil 
 liam Harrison, (q. v., pp. 793-794;) vol. ii. by Richard 
 Stanihurst; John Hooker, alias Vowell; R. H. or W. H., 
 (probably Wm. Harrison;) Francis Boteviile, alias Thin ; 
 and others ; vol. iii. by John Stow, Fr. Thin, Abr. Fle 
 ming, and others. Vol. i. gives us an Historical Description 
 of Britain by Harrison, and the History of England, 
 " from the time that it was first inhabited until the time 
 that it was last conquered," by Holinshed. Vol. ii. con 
 tains the History of Ireland, by Holinshed, <tc., to 1509, 
 and from 1509 to 1586, by Stanihurst and Hooker ; also 
 the History of Scotland to 1571, by Holinshed; and from 
 1571 to 1586, by Boteviile and others. Vol. iii. contains 
 the History of England from William the Conqueror to 
 1577, by Holinshed; and from 1577 to 1586, by Stow, Fr. 
 Thin, Fleming, and others. 
 
 "The Continuation from 1576 to 1586 contained several curious 
 ^SjS?;.ff T JS.JS?L < f e ' a * the time of publication, 
 
 ing from 1220 to 
 
 they extend from 1491 to 1 
 
 of Holinshed, and were republished by DrY] 
 
 igly suppressed, whereby, says Herbert, the pag- 
 i?m f 7SS lrre Slar. According to Nicolson, 
 1491 to 1536. These are called the Castrations 
 
 ~. ,* , 1 were republished by Dr. Drake in 1728 in black 
 
 letter, in a thin folio volume. The curious, however, necessarily 
 look sharply after the original pages. A copy of this kind was in 
 the Harleian and another in Dr. Mead's collection." IHbdin's Lib. 
 (Jowip. 
 The credit of the plan of Holinshed's Chronicle seems 
 
 864 
 
 to be due to Reginald Wolfe, the king's printer, who de 
 signed originally nothing less than a "universal Cos 
 mography of the whole world." In 1807-08, 6 vols. 4to, 
 appeared a new ed. of the Chronicles, in which the Cas 
 trations are restored. A copious Index that rare luxury 
 adds to the value of this noble set of quartos. Copies 
 are worth about 6 to 7, according to condition and 
 binding. Copies of the 1st and 2d eds. have been sold 
 for high prices. Of the 1st ed., Nassau's copy sold for 
 15 15.; Steevens's for 22. Of the 2d ed., Steevens's 
 sold for 23; Reed's for 23 10.; the Roxburghe for 
 31 10*.; Willett's for 36 4s. 6d.; Sir Robert Smyth's 
 for 40. We are now quoting the highest prices with 
 which we are acquainted, with the exception of the re 
 markable copy (a large-paper, if there were any on large 
 paper) in 4 vols., purchased by Richard Heber from Col. 
 Stanley's collection for 63. The reprint of 1807-08 has 
 diminished the value of the earlier edits. Hooker's trans, 
 from the Latin of Giraldus's Conquest of England, in 
 Holinshed's Chronicles, has been highly commended: 
 
 " Barry's topographical labours appear to the best advantage in 
 Holinshed's Chronicle, translated and improved, with occasional 
 notes, by John Hooker, alias Vowell, vol. ii., edit. 1586." Dildirts 
 Lib. Oomp. 
 
 The same authority remarks that Holinshed's Chronicles 
 are 
 
 " By far the most popular and important of our historical records, 
 in print, during the time of Queen Elizabeth ; and from which, 
 indeed, all modern historians have freely and largely borrowed." 
 Ubi supra. 
 
 "The chronicle of Holinshed is more full and complete than 
 any of its predecessors, and less loaded with trifling matters. . . . 
 The Description of England [Harrison's] prefixed to the first 
 volume is the most interesting and valuable document, as a pic 
 ture of the country, and of the costume and mode of living of 
 its inhabitants, which the sixteenth century has produced." See 
 Drake's Shakspeare and his Times. 
 
 " You would smile at my love of black-letter, were I to refer 
 you to Holinshed or Stowe; men, I assure you, by no means des 
 picable." DR. RICHARD FARMER : Lett, to a Friend on the Study of 
 Emg. Hist. 
 
 See also Biog. Brit; Tanner's Bibliotheca; Bishop 
 Nicolson's Hist. Lib.; Herbert's Typ. Antiq. ; Hallam's 
 Lit. Hist, of Europe, ed. 1854, i. 447, n. ; Hallam's Con- 
 stit. Hist, of Eng., 1854, i. 146, n., Ac. 
 
 A little experience in such studies will replace the smile 
 which Dr. Farmer feared by one of contentment and satis 
 faction, and the delighted black-letter student will not 
 need much persuasion to induce him often to revel in 
 
 "Our old monkish chroniclers, those authentic and amusing 
 relators of passing occurrences, who carry the reader back with 
 them by an irresistible spell to the days in which they lived and 
 among the scenes and persons which they describe." Lon. Quar. 
 Rev. 
 
 If he wish to dive deep into these picturesque records 
 of the past, we will aid him by a list of titles of a set of 
 Chronicles formerly (perhaps yet) oifered for sale by Mr. 
 Henry G. Bohn, of Covent Garden, London : 1. FROIS- 
 SART, by Col. Johnes, 4 vols. 2. MONSTRELET, by Col. 
 Johnes, 4 vols. 3. ROBERT OP GLOUCESTER, 2 vols. 4. 
 PETER LANGTOFT, 2 vols. 5. JOINVILLE'S MEMOIRS, 1 
 vol. 6. HOLINSHED, 6 vols. 7. GRAFTON, 2 vols. 8. WIL 
 LIAM OF MALMESBURY, 1 vol. 9. HALL, 1 vol. 10. HAR- 
 DYNG, 1 vol. 11. FABYAN, 1 vol. 12. FULLER'S WOR 
 THIES, 2 vols. 13. ARNOLD and RASTELL, 1 vol. In all, 
 28 vols. r. 4to, reprints, 1803-15. This noble set of books 
 is richly bound in olive morocco, gilt in the old style, mar 
 bled and gilt edges, by no less a workman than CLARKE. 
 The price ay, there's the rub ! the price asked was 105. 
 Another set, consisting of a portion only of these Chro 
 nicles, is described by Dibdin in his Library Companion, 
 ed. 1825, p. 197. 
 
 Holkot, Robert. See HOLCOT. 
 
 Holland, Miss. Progressive Education ; trans, of 
 Madame Necker de Saussure's Progressive Education, 
 Lon., vols. i. and il., 1839, fp. Svo; iii., 1843, 12mo. 
 
 " It is worthy the attention and serious perusal of every teacher, 
 every parent, every magistrate or divine, in the kingdom." Lon. 
 Educational Mag. 
 
 Holland, Capt. Observ. on the Islands of St. John 
 and Cape Breton ; Phil. Trans., 1768. 
 
 Holland, Abraham. Naumachia; or, Holland's 
 Sea-Fight, Lon., 1622, 4to. This is a poem. 
 
 Holland, Edwin C., a lawyer of Charleston, S.C., 
 pub. in 1814 a vol. of Odes, Naval Songs, and other Poems, 
 originally printed in the Phila. Port-Folio. 
 
 Holland, Elihu G., b. 1S17, at Solon, Cortlandt 
 county, New York* 1. The Being of God and the Immortal 
 Life, 1846. 2. Reviews and Essays, 1849. See Brown- 
 son's Quar. Rev., iv. 135. 3. Essays; and The Highland 
 Treason, a Drama [founded on the treason of Arnold] in 
 5 Acts, 1852. 4. Memoir of the Rev. Joseph Badger, 1853. 
 
HOL 
 
 HOL 
 
 See Christian Examiner for July, 1854 ; Duyckincks' Cyc. 
 of Amer. Lit. 
 
 Holland, Francis. On Davisson's Serm., Lon., 
 1720, 8vo. 
 
 Holland, G. Immortality of the Soul, Lon., 1653, 
 8vo. 
 
 Holland, G. Calvert, M.D., has pub. several pro 
 fessional works, Lon., 1838-50. 
 
 Holland, Henry. A Treat, against Witchcraft, 
 Camb., 1590, 4to. Other theolog. treatises, <fcc., Lon., 
 1593-99. 
 
 Holland, Henry, a bookseller in London, a son of 
 Philemon Holland, the translator. 1. Basilioologia: a 
 Book of Kings; Effigies of all our English Kings from 
 the Conquest, Lon., 1618, fol. 32 Portraits. The "Dela- 
 bere copy" quoted by Granger, (preserved for 150 years 
 in the Delabere family,) containing 152 portraits, was cut 
 up and the portraits sold separately by Christie, March 
 29, 1811. The vol. sold in this way produced 601 12*. &d. 
 See Granger's Biog. Hist, of Eng. ; Dibdin's Lib. Comp., 
 and his Bibliog. Decameron ; Brunei's Manual ; Lowndes's 
 Bibl. Manual. 2. Heroologia Anglia, 1620, 2 vols. fol. 
 This contains portraits (65 and frontispiece) of eminent 
 Englishmen, 1500-1620, with short lives, r The engravings 
 are chiefly by Pass and Janson. 
 
 "This is the favourite volume of a thorough-bred Grangerite; 
 who, without pity or remorse, plunges his trenchant scissors into 
 the very abdomen of the tome." Dibdin's Bibl. Decameron, q. v. : 
 see also his Lib. Comp. ; Lowndes's Bibb Man. 
 
 One of Edwards's copies, which had been Mariette's, 
 (who had annexed to each portrait the name of the collec 
 tion from whence it was taken,) was sold for 13 ; another 
 of Edwards's, which had belonged to Buchelius, who wrote 
 Latin verses under each portrait, was sold for 15; Wil- 
 lett's for 18; Williams's for 27 16s. 6rf. But these are 
 the highest prices with which we are acquainted. Mr. 
 Joseph Lilly offers (in 1856) a fine copy, beautifully bound 
 by Clarke and Bedford, for 12 12s. 
 
 Holland, Henry. A Pedigree of Lancasterian and 
 Derbyshire Families of Hollands, <fcc., 1615, Svo. 
 
 Holland, Henry. Physick, Ac. in Pestilence, 1630. 
 
 Holland, Sir Henry, M.D.,b. Oct. 27, 1788, at Knuts- 
 ford, in Cheshire, Physician-in-Ordinary to the Queen, 1852, 
 was created a baronet in 1853. His Thesis upon graduation 
 was on the Diseases of Iceland. See MACKENZIE, SIR 
 GEORGE STEWART, Bart. 1. General View of the Agricult. 
 of Cheshire, Lon., 1807, 8vo. Commended in Donaldson's 
 Agricult. Biog. A Sketch of the Nat. Hist, of the Cheshire 
 Kock-salt District, by Dr. Holland, will be found in the 
 Geolog. Trans, i. 38; and a paper on the Manufacture of 
 the Sulphate of Magnesia at Monte della Guardia, near 
 Genoa, in Phil. Trans., 1816, 294. 2. Travels in the Ionian 
 Isles, Albania, Thessaly, and Greece, 1812-13, 4to, 1815 
 3 3*.; 2d ed., 1819, 2 vols. 8vo. An interesting work 
 frequently referred to in the Life of Lord Byron. 
 
 " Classical, antiquarian, and statistical information is here in 
 termixed with valuable remarks on the natural history, manners 
 political state, &c. of the countries visited, especially Albania." 
 Stevenson's Voyages and Travels. 
 
 Reviewed in Lon. Quar. Rev., xxiii. 325-360 ; and in the 
 Edin. Rev., xxv. 455-485. Both of these articles should 
 be read (as well as the Travels reviewed) by those inte 
 rested in Modern Greece. 3. Medical Notes and Reflections 
 2d ed., 1839, 8vo. Amer. ed., Phila,, 1836, 8vo ; 3d ed.,Ldn. ; 
 1855, 8vo. The 2d ed. was reviewed in Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 Ixv. 315-340, q. v. The 3d ed. is noticed in the West 
 minster Review for January, 1856, where this invaluabl 
 guide is justly described as 
 
 " A work which has done much to improve the general tone ol 
 thought upon medical subjects in the mind both of the profession 
 and the public." 
 
 In the 1st and 2d eds. there were a few chapters on 
 psychological subjects, which the author transferred to a 
 separate volume, viz. : (4.) Chapters on Mental Physiology 
 1852, p. 8vo. These have been replaced, in the 3d ed. ol 
 Medical Notes and Reflections, by four new chapters. The 
 new ed. is also otherwise enlarged. 3d Amer. ed. of Medica 
 Notes and Reflections, Phila., 1857, 8vo. This excellen 
 work embodies the results of nearly forty years' activi 
 practice in London. 
 
 Holland, Lady, formerly Miss Saba Smith, i 
 daughter of the late Rev. Sydney Smith, Canon-Residen 
 tiary of St. Paul's Cathedral, London, was married tc 
 the preceding in 1834. A Memoir of the Rev. Sydney 
 Smith, by his Daughter, Lady Holland, with a Selection 
 from his Letters, edited by Mrs. Austin, Lon., 1855, 5 
 vols. 8vo; 1st ed. pub. in May and the 4th in December 
 See Blackw. Mag., March, 1856; N. Amer. Rev., Jan 
 55 
 
 1856 ; Lon. Athen., 1855, 665-667, 699-701. See SMITH, 
 R.EV. SYDNEY. 
 
 Holland, Henry. See HOLLAND, ROBERT. 
 Holland, Henry Fox, firstLord, 1705-1774, second 
 n of Sir Stephen Fox, and father of Charles James Fox, 
 was the author of some fugitive poetry. See Park's Wal- 
 jole's R. and N. Authors. 
 
 Holland, Henry Edward Fox, fourth Lord, b. 
 1802, second son of the third Lord Holland. See next 
 article but one. 
 
 Holland, Henry Rich, Earl of, an adherent of 
 Charles I., executed by the Parliamentarians, March 9, 
 1648-49, pub. 1. A Letter to the Lords of Parliament, 
 1641, 4to. 2. A Declaration made to the Kingdome, 1643, 
 4to. See Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors, iii. 34-36. 
 Holland, Henry Richard V assail, third Lord, 
 1773-1840. See Fox. See also Lon. Gent. Mag., Dec. 
 1840, and authorities cited below. In addition to the 
 publications noticed in preceding articles, his lordship 
 wrote a Preface to Horace Walpole's Memoirs of George 
 II., 1822, 2 vols. r. 4to, 1846, 3 vols. 8vo, Ac., and a Pre 
 face to the Earl of Waldegrave's Memoirs, 1754-58, 1821, 
 4to. Since his death there has been pub. 1. Lord Hol 
 land's Foreign Reminiscences ; edited by his son, Henry 
 Edward, fourth Lord Holland, 1850, p. 8vo; 2d ed., 1851, 
 p. 8vo. See Lon. Quar. Rev., Ixxxviii. 492-528 ; Edin. 
 Rev., xciii. 137-171 ; Blackw. Mag., Ixix. 335 ; Eclec. 
 Rev., 4th Ser., xxix. 335 ; Eraser's Mag., xliii. 220. 2. 
 Memoirs of the Whig Party during my Time ; edited by 
 his son, Henry Edward, fourth Lord Holland. Vol. i., 
 1852, p. 8vo ; vol. ii., 1854, p. 8vo. See Eclec. Rev., 4th 
 Ser., xxxi. 555; Athenaeum, 1852, 295-297; 1854, 77-79; 
 Edin. Rev., April, 1856. The reader must also consult 
 Lord Holland's Opinions as recorded in the House of 
 Lords, 1797-1841, cr. 8vo, 1841. Collected by D. C. Moy- 
 lan. Reviewed by T. B. Macaulay, in Edin. Rev., July, 
 1841 ; in his Crit. and Hist. Essays, iii. 56-68'. See also 
 Lord Brougham's Statesmen of the Time of George III., 
 ed. 1856, vol. ii. 257-271 ; Lady Holland's Life of the Rev. 
 Sydney Smith, 1855, 2 vols. 8yo. 
 
 Holland, Hezekiah, minister at Sutton Valence. 
 1. Serms., John xiii. 1, Lon., 1649, 8vo. 2. Comment, on 
 the Revelation of St. John, 1650, 4to. 3. Adam's Condi 
 tion in Paradise, <fec., 1656, 4to. 
 
 Holland, Hugh, a poet, "Mr. Camden's grateful 
 scholar :" (Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib.) 1. Monu- 
 menta Sepulchralia Sancti Pauli, Lon., 1614, 4to. 
 
 " A mean and dull performance in comparison of that more 
 absolute one of Sir Will. Dugdale in his history of that cathedral 
 from its first foundation." BISHOP NICOLSON: ubi supra. 
 
 2. A Cypres Garland for the Sacred Forehead of our 
 late Soueraine King James, 1625, 4to; twelve leaves. 3. 
 Ecclesia Sancti Pavli illvstrata, 1633, 4to. Holland pre 
 fixed verses to the first fol. ed. of Shakspeare's Plays, and 
 left some compositions in MS. See Brydges'a Phillips'a 
 Theat. Poet. Anglic., 324-325. 
 
 Holland, John, a Dissenting minister. 1. Two 
 Serms., Luke xxi. 34, Lon., 1750, 8vo. 2. Serms., 1753, 
 2 vols. 8vo. Highly commended by Lon. Month. Repository. 
 Holland, John, a Dissenting minister. 1. Geography ; 
 5th ed., Lon., 1813, Svo. 2. History; new ed., 1815, 12mo. 
 3. Definitions, &c., 1804, 12mo. 4. Ralph Warrison's Serms., 
 with his Life and a Discourse, 1813, Svo. 
 
 Holland, John. 1. A Treat, on Manufactures in 
 Metals, Lon., 1834, 3 vols. fp. Svo; new ed., 1841, 3 vols. 
 fp. Svo. (Lardner's Cyc.) 2. Hist, of Fossil Fuel, <fcc., 
 1841, Svo. 
 
 Holland, John. 1. The Psalmists of Britain, Lon., 
 1843, 2 vols. Svo. 2. With James Everett, Memoirs of 
 the Life and Writings of James Montgomery: including 
 Selections from his Correspondence, Remains in Prose and 
 Verse, and Conversations, Lon., 7 vols. p. Svo: i.-iv., 1855 ; 
 v.-vii., 1856. Vols. i. and ii. were reviewed in the London 
 Times: see Bost. Liv. Age, xlvii. 282-288: MONTGOMERY, 
 JAMES. 
 
 Holland, John. Poems, Bost., 1858, 12mo. 
 Holland, Joseph, was the author of a number of 
 antiquarian papers pub. in Hearne's Discourses. See list 
 in Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Holland, Josiah Gilbert, M.D., b. July 24, 1819, 
 at Belchertown, Mass. 1. Hist, of Western Massachusetts, 
 Springfield, 1855, 2 vols. 12mo. This is one of the most 
 valuable contributions to American local history yet given 
 to the world. 2. The Bay Path : a Colonial Tale, N. York, 
 1857, 12mo. Highly commended. 3. Timothy Titcomb's 
 Letters to the Young, N.Y., 1858, 12mo. Nine editions 
 pub. in a few months. 
 "We have never read a work which better inculcates the several 
 
HOL 
 
 HOL 
 
 duties and responsibilities of young men and women, married or 
 single." London Literary Gazette. 
 
 4. Bitter Sweet, 1858, 12mo. Edited a vol. of Mrs. D. 
 E. G. Shepherd's Poems, Springfield, 1854, 12mo. Dr. 
 Holland has been editor of the Springfield (Mass.) Repub 
 lican since 1847. 
 
 Holland, Mary. The British Cook, Lon., 1800, 12mo. 
 Holland, Philemon, M.D., d. 1636, in his 85th 
 year, a native of Chelmsford, Essex, and Fellow of and 
 educated at Trin. Coll., Cainb., subsequently became Head- 
 Master of Coventry Free-School, and a physician. His 
 versions into English of the following works gave him the 
 title of the " Translate*- General" of his age. 1. Livy, Lon., 
 1600, foL 
 
 "Translated by that old worthy, Philemon, who, for the service 
 which he rendered to his contemporaries and to his countrymen 
 deserves to be called the best of the Hollands, without disparag 
 ing either the Lord or the Doctor of that appellation." Southey's 
 Doctor. 
 
 The whole of this trans, was said to have been written 
 with one pen, which a lady had set in silver and pre 
 served as a curiosity. 2. Pliny's Natural Hist, of the 
 World, 1601, '34, 2 vols. foL 
 
 "A work of immense labour, the only encyclopedia of the 
 ancient world. What few men of bis time could have executed 
 in a manner superior to Dr. Holland." DR. A. CLARKE. 
 
 3. Plutarch's Morals. 4. Suetonius. 5. Arminius Mar- 
 cellinus. 6. Xenophon's Cyropsedia. 7. Camden's Bri 
 tannia, 1610, '37, fol. Holland made some alterations, 
 for which Bishop Nicolson takes him to task : see Eng. 
 Hist. Lib., 1776, 3-4, See also CAMDEN, WILLIAM, p. 194 
 of this Dictionary. He also trans, into Latin the Geo 
 graphical part of Speed's Theatre of Great Britain, and a 
 French Pharmacopoeia of Brice Bauderon. He was the 
 father of Henry Holland, the bookseller, (vide ante.) 
 
 Holland, Philip, a Unitarian minister of Bolton, 
 Lancashire, for 33 years. 1. Serin., 1760, 8vo. 2. Serm., 
 1780, 8vo. 3. Serm., 1782, 8vo. 4. Serms. on Practical 
 Subjects, 1792, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Holland, Sir (?) Richard. The Duke of the Howlat, 
 Edin., 1823, 4to. Of this poetical satire on K. James VI. 
 of Scotland, composed about the middle of the 15th cen 
 tury, and attributed to Richard or Sir Richard Holland, 
 seventy copies, with Preface, <fcc., were presented to the 
 Bannatyne Club, by David Laing, Esq. 
 
 Holland, Richard. 1. Parallax of a Comet, Ac., 
 Oxf., 1688, 8vo. 2. Globe Notes, Lon., 1682, '84, 8vo. 
 Holland, Richard. Serms., 1698-1702. 
 Holland, Richard, M.D. Nature and Cure of the 
 Small Pox, Lon., 1728, 12mo; 1730, '40, '46, 8vo. 
 
 Holland, Robert, minister of the church of Pren- 
 dergast. The Hplie Historie of our Lord and Saviovr lesus 
 Christ's Natiuitie, <fcc., Lon., 1594, sm. 8vo. 
 
 "Gathered into English meeter, and published to withdraw 
 vaine wits from all unsaverie and wicked rimes and fables, to 
 some love and liking of spirituall songs and holy scriptures." 
 
 The author is erroneously called, by Herbert, Henry 
 Holland. Very rare. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 391, 25; resold, 
 Saunders's, in 1818, 5 5. 6cZ. 
 
 Holland, Samuel. Romancio-Mastrix ; or, A Ro 
 mance on Romances, 1660, 12mo. See Lowndes's Bibl. 
 Man., 948. 
 
 Holland,Samnel. Astronom.con.to Phil.Trans.,1769. 
 Holland, Samuel, M.D., Rector of Poynings. 1. 
 Serm., Tit ii. 1, 1814, 8vo; 3d ed., 1815, 8vo. 2. Serm., 
 1816, 8vo. 
 
 Holland, Thomas. 1. Oratio, Oxon., 1599, 4to. 
 2. Serm., 1601, 4to. 
 
 Holland, Thomas. Acct. rel. to A. Bell, Lon.. 
 1762, 8vo. 
 
 Holies, Denzil, Lord, M.P., 1597-1680, second son 
 of John, the first Earl of Clare, was one of the most emi 
 nent of the popular leaders in the reign of Charles I., and 
 the head of the Presbyterian party in Parliament; but he 
 subsequently displeased his old friends, was impeached 
 for high treason, aided in the Restoration, was raised to 
 the peerage by Charles II., and sen^ ambassador to France. 
 He was the author of a number of Speeches, Letters, <fcc., 
 pub. 1641-82, see Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors, 
 but is best known by his Memoirs (written when he was 
 an exile in France) from 1641 to 1648, Lon., 1699, 8vo 
 
 "They are little more than the apology for his own conduct, 
 and a virulent satire on his adversaries." HORACE WALPOLE. 
 
 "They are worth reading. ... To understand the conduct of 
 Cromwell and the Republicans, not only must the Memoirs of 
 Hojes^be read, but those of Ludlow." PROF. SMYTH: Lects.on 
 
 Holies, Thomas, Duke of Newcastle. Memorial of 
 the Negociation between his High Mightiness of Clerrnont 
 and his Sublime Excellency of Hayes, Lon v 1662, 4to. 
 
 Holley, Horace, D.D., 1781-1827, a native of Salis 
 bury, Conn., grad. at Yale College in 1803 ; minister of 
 Greenfield Hill, Fairfield, 1805; minister of the Hollis 
 Street (Unitarian) Church, Boston, 1809; President of 
 Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, 1818-27. 
 He pub. several occasional sermons and addresses, and 
 contributed papers to the Western Review and other peri 
 odicals. See Memoir of Dr. Holley, by his widow ; a Dis 
 course on his Life and Character, by Chas. Caldwell, M.D., 
 Bost., 1828 ; and a review of this Discourse, in N. Amer. 
 Rev., xxvii. 403-415, by Edward Everett. 
 
 "One of the most eloquent speakers of the age, or declaimers, 
 rather: a showy, beautiful rhetorician ; . . . a miserable prose-writer 
 in comparison with himsdf, as a speaker, we mean. He never 
 appears to say what he means, or to mean what he says, with a 
 pen." American Writers: No. 4, in Blackw. Mag., xvii. 57. 
 
 Holley, Mrs. Mary Austin, d. 1846, married in 
 1805 to the preceding, visited Texas in 1831, and pub., in 
 1833, Texas; Observations, Historical, Geographical, and 
 Descriptive, &c., Bait., 12mo. 
 
 " Mrs. Holley has given an agreeable account of her visit, in her 
 own femininely graceful style, yet by no means destitute of ex 
 pression and force ; and her statements, as to the natural features 
 of the country, are, in substance, correct." JUDGE BULLARD : N. 
 Amer. Rev., xliii. 257. 
 
 Mrs. Holley aFso pub. a memoir of her husband, already 
 noticed. 
 
 Holley, O. L. 1. Life of Benj. Franklin, N. York, 
 12mo. 2. Descrip. of the City of New York, 1847, ISmo. 
 Holliday, Rev. Francis. 1. Syntagma Matheseos, 
 Lon., 1745, 8vo. 2. Miscellanea Curiosa Mathematica, 
 1745-49, 4to. 9 Nos. 3. Gunnery, 1756. 4. Fluxions, 
 1778, 8vo. 
 
 Holliday, John. Putrid Bilious Fever, Lon., 1795, 
 8vo. 
 
 Holliday, John, d. 1801, aged 71. 1. Life of Wm., 
 Earl of Mansfield, Lon., 1797, 4to. 2. The British Oak; 
 a Poem, 1800, 4to. 
 
 Hollings, Dr. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1716. 
 Hollingshead, Wm., D.D., a minister of Charles 
 ton, S.C., d. 1817, pub. three serms., 1787, '94, 1805. 
 
 Hollingsworth, Nathaniel. 1. Serms., 1801, 12mo. 
 2. Serm., 1809. 3. Serm., 1810. 4. Recommendation of 
 the Madras System of Education, 1812, 8vo. 5. Claims 
 of Bell and Lancaster, 1812, 12mo. 
 
 Hollingsworth, S. 1. Account of Nova Scotia, Lon., 
 1786, 8vo. 2. Manners, Government, <fec. of Africa, Edin., 
 1788, 4to. 
 
 Hollingworth, J. B. Serms., Lon., 1812, 8vo. 
 Hollingworth, Richard. Theolog. treatises, 1640- 
 56. 
 
 Hollingworth, Richard, D.D., Vicar of Westham, 
 and Rector of St. Botolph's, Aldgate, pub. six serms., 1673- 
 93, and several treatises upon the famous ElKSIN BASlAlKH 
 controversy, for an account of which publications, see 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; GAUDEN, JOHN, 
 D.D., and authorities there cited, in this Dictionary, p. 656. 
 Hollingworth, Rudolph. De Justificatione ex 
 sola Fide pro Luthero ac Protestantibus adv. Smithaeum 
 ac Pontificios, Dubl., 1640, 8vo. 
 
 Hollis, John. 1. Reasons for Scepticism, 1796, 8vo. 
 2. Sequel to No. 1, Lon., 1799, 8vo. 
 
 Hollis, Thomas, 1720-1774, an ardent advocate of 
 civil and religious liberty, was the great-nephew of Thomas 
 Hollis, (1659-1731,) the munificent benefactor of Harvard 
 College. Indeed, not only is the latter entitled to that 
 appellation, but his brothers John and Nathaniel, his 
 nephew the second Thomas, his great-nephew the third 
 Thomas, (the subject of this notice,) and the heir of the 
 third Thomas, Thomas Brand Hollis, were all contri 
 butors to this institution. The subject of this notice pub. 
 at considerable expense 1. A new ed. of Toland's Life 
 of Milton, 1761, 8vo. Edited, with Notes, by T. Hollis. 
 This is the best ed. of Toland's Milton. 2. An accurate 
 ed. of Algernon Sydney's Discourses concerning Govern 
 ment; with his Letters, Trial, Apology, and Memoirs of 
 his Life, 1763, 4to. Edited by T. Hollis. 3. The Works 
 of Algernon Sydney; a new ed., with Additions, by T. 
 Hollis, 1772, r. 4to. 4. Joannis Wallisii Grammatica Lin 
 guae Anglicanae, Ac., 1765, 8vo. Hollis meditated an ed. 
 of Andrew Marvell's Works, but did not carry out his 
 design. He was an earnest promoter of the spirit of free 
 dom in America, and aided in the republication of the 
 political treatises of Mayhew, Otis, and John Adams. 
 His Memoirs, compiled by the Rev. Francis Blackburn, 
 Archdeacon of Cleveland, were privately printed by his 
 friend and heir, Thomas Brand Hollis, (originally Thomas 
 Brand,) in 1780, 2 vols. 4to ; splendidly illustrated by Bar- 
 tolozzi, Bazire, <fec., with portraits of Milton, Locke, Al- 
 
HOL 
 
 HOL 
 
 gernon Sydney, A. Marvell, Hutcheson, Hubert Languet, 
 (author of the Vindiciae contra Tyrannos, Ac.;) in all, 
 13 portraits and plates. The collector should look for a 
 copy with the "starred pages," containing the severe 
 review of Dr. Johnson's Life of Milton, and the portrait 
 of Sir Isaac Newton. These pages (often deficient) occur 
 between 532 and 585, viz.: 533* to 576,* 579,* 580,* 
 577* to 584.* Such copies would formerly bring from 6 
 to 8, but can now (1856) be had for about 2. These vols. 
 contain much curious information respecting Milton, Ac. 
 not to be found elsewhere, and correspondence with pro 
 minent Americans of the time. But note that these Me 
 moirs are not to be confounded with the Memoirs of 
 Thomas Brand Hollis, by John Disney, D.D., 1808, 4to; 
 privately printed. Respecting the Hollises, see Memoirs 
 as above ; Gent. Mag., vol. Ixxiv. ; Colman's and Wiggles- 
 worth's Serms. ; Greenwood's Discourse, and Rudd's Poem ; 
 Holmes; Morse's True Reasons; Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet.; 
 Monthly Anthology for 1808 ; Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; Chal 
 mers's Biog. Diet.; Dibdin's Lib. Comp. ; Pierce's Hist, 
 of Harvard Univ. from 1636 to the Amer. Revolution; 
 Josiah Quincy's Hist, of do. 1636 to 1840, 2 vols. 1840, 
 8vo ; Saml. A. Eliot's Sketch of the Hist, of do., and of 
 its present state, 1848, 12mo ; Judge Story's Life and Let 
 ters, ii. 125-127 ; Bost. Chris. Exam., (by J. Walker,) vii. 
 64; Spirit of the Pilgrims, ii. 581 ; Lon. Gent. Mag., Jan. 
 1849, p. 37 ; DISNEY, JOHN, (Museum Disneianum,) in this 
 Dictionary. 
 
 " Such a library [" a working library" such as we wish ours to 
 be] must be well provided with books of direct, positive utility. 
 These are of two classes : the great standard books which are never 
 antiquated, and the valuable new books which are constantly ap 
 pearing in every department of science and literature. Our library 
 is amply supplied with many of the books belonging to the first 
 class, thanks to the bounty of the Hol'ises and other noble bene 
 factors in earlier or later days." HON. EDWARD EVERETT : Aid to 
 Vie Colleges, 1848 : Orations and Speeches, 1853, ii. 547. 
 
 Hollister, G. H. 1. Mount Hope, or Philip, King 
 of the Wampanoags; an Historical Romance, N. York, 
 1851, 12mo. Highly commended. 2. Hist, of Connecticut, 
 1855, 2 vols. 
 
 Holloran, L., D.D. The Battle of Trafalgar, 1806. 
 
 HollOAvay, Rev. B. Pits for Fullers'-Earth in 
 Bedfordshire; Phil. Trans., 1723. 
 
 Holloway, Benjamin, Rector of Blayden and 
 Middleton-Stoney, Oxfordshire. 1. Serm., 1 Cor. ii. 23-26, 
 Oxf., 1736, 8vo. 2. Three Serms., Acts ii. 38, 1739, 8vo. 
 3. Originals, Physical and Theological, Ac., 1750, 2 vols. 
 8vo. 4. Letter and Spirit ; or, Annotations upon the Holy 
 Scriptures according to both, 1753, 8vo. 
 
 " This work is Hutchinsonianism and Origenism in perfection. 
 The whole volume is occupied with the book of Genesis, every 
 word of which it spiritualizes to absurdity. It is needless to 
 wonder at the Fathers or the Mystics, when such elaborate pro 
 ductions as this and the Divine Originals, by the same author, 
 have appeared in our own time." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Holloway, James. Confession and Narrative, fol. 
 
 Holloway, James Thomas, D.D., Minister of 
 Fitzroy Chapel, London. 1. The Analogy of Faith; in 
 sixteen Serms., 1836, 8vo. 
 
 " These are valuable discourses, and accurately trace the life of 
 David and the method of God's dealings with him." Lon. Chris. 
 Rememb. 
 
 2. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1836, 8vo. 3. Baptismal Regenera 
 tion, Ac. ; a Lett, to the Lord-Bishop of London ; 2d ed., 
 1843, Svo, pp. 104. 4. Eucharista, 1845, 18mo. 
 
 Holloway, John. Lett, to Dr. Price on his Serm. 
 entit. The Love of our Country, Lon., 1798, Svo. 
 
 Holloway, John George. A Month in Norway, 
 Lon., 1853, 12mo. 
 
 Holloway, H. R. 1. Walks round Rye, Isle of 
 Wight, Lon., 1849, 12mo. 2. Manual of Chanting, 1850, 
 8vo. 3. Topography of the Isle of Wight, by Hillier, 1852, 
 18mo. 
 
 Holloway, Robert, a London lawyer, pub. several 
 treatises against the professional practices of his legal 
 brethren, 1771-1805. 
 
 Holloway, Wm. Poems, Tales, Natural Hist., Ac., 
 1798-1812. See BRANCH, JOHN. 
 
 Holloway, Wm. 1. General Dictionary of Pro 
 vincialisms, Lewes, Svo. 
 
 "We recommend careful reference to a useful manual lately 
 published, the General Dictionary of Provincialisms, by Holloway." 
 Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 This is the only general work on the subject of English 
 Provincialisms, and incorporates those of Grose, Jennings, 
 Forby, Price, Jim Robbin, and others. It contains up 
 wards of 9000 words, and, in addition to the explanations, 
 gives descriptions of many local customs. 
 
 2. Hist, and Antiq. of the Town and Port of Rye, 1847, 
 Svo. 3. Hist of Romney Marsh, Kent, 1849, Svo. 
 
 Hollyband, Claudius, schoolmaster, pub. a Gram 
 mar, Dictionarie, and other educational works for the 
 learners of Latine, Frenche, English, and Italian, Lon., 
 1573-99. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; 
 Lon. Retrosp. Rev., iv. 72, 1821. His Dictionarie, French 
 and English, 1593, 4to, is said to be the first French and 
 English Dictionary pub. in England. 
 
 Hollybushe, John. 1. The Newe Testament, both 
 in Latine and Englishe; trans, by Johan Hollybushe, Lon., 
 1538, 4to. Very rare. This trans, was really made by 
 Myles Coverdale. See Cotton's Editions of the Bible, ed. 
 1852, 13-14 ; Walter's Lett, to the Bp. of Peterborough, 
 31. 2. Expos, of Magnificat, Ac., South., 1538, fol. ; 1538, 
 Svo. 3. Homish Apothecarye, 1561, fol. 
 
 Hollyngus, Edm., a native of England, Medical 
 Professor at Ingolstadt. 1. De Salubri Studiosorum Victu, 
 Ing., 1602, Svo. 2. Medicamentorum JEconomia Nova, Ac., 
 1610, 8vo. 
 
 Ilolmaii, James, Lt. R.N., d. 1857, celebrated as 
 " The Blind Traveller." 1. Journey in France, Italy, Savoy, 
 Ac., Lon., 8vo. See Madden's Literary Life and Corresp. 
 of the Countess of Blessington, 1855. 2. Travels through 
 Russia, Siberia, Poland, Austria, Saxony, Ac., 1825, 2 
 vols. Svo This work gives us an interesting account of 
 the imprisonment of the author by the Russian Govern 
 ment on suspicion of his being a spy. 3. Voyage Round 
 the World, 1840, 4 vols. Svo. 
 
 " For this work we cannot but anticipate a circulation as wide, 
 we were going to say, as the author's travels." Lon. Literary 
 Gazette. 
 
 " We have seldom met with any work so replete with interest 
 ing information." Lon. Observer. 
 
 Holman, James T. Digest of the Reported Cases 
 in the Cts. of Tennessee, 1796-1835, Nashville, 1835, Svo. 
 
 Holman, Joseph George, d. 1817, a native of 
 London, was manager of the theatre in Charleston, S. 
 Carolina. 1. Abroad and at Home ; a Comic Opera, 1796, 
 Svo. 2. Red-Cross Knight; a Play, 1799, 8vo. 3. Votary 
 of Wealth ; a Com., 1799, Svo. 4. What a Blunder ! a 
 Comic Opera, 1800, Svo. 5. Love Gives the Alarm ; a 
 Com., 1804. Not printed. 6. The Gazette Extraordinary ; 
 a Com., 1811, Svo. An account of Holman will be found 
 in Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Holme, John. Serm., Lon., 1582, Svo. 
 
 Holme, Rev. John. 1. Satin Spar; Trans. Linn. 
 Soc., 1812. 2. Arragonite, Ibid., 1813. 
 
 Holme, Randle, of the city of Chester, Gentleman 
 Sewer-in-Extraordinary to Charles II., and some time 
 deputy for the King-at-Arms. The Academy of the 
 Armory; or, a Storehouse of Armory and Blazon, Chester, 
 1688, fol. About 1104 pages. Some copies have a title- 
 page, London, 1701. 
 
 " The book is a most heterogeneous and extraordinary composi 
 tion, and may be well denominated a Pantalogia. ... It is con 
 sidered to be one of the most scarce of Heraldic books, and that 
 not more than fifty copies are to be found in the kingdom." 
 Moulds Bibl. Heraldica, 235-242, q. v. for an interesting account 
 of this remarkable olla podrida. 
 
 See also George Ormerod's Hist, of Cheshire, and Beloe's 
 Anecdotes. Sykes's copy sold for 10; Brockett's for 
 13 6s. 
 
 "Dr. Johnson confessed, with much candour, that the Address 
 to the Reader at the end of this book suggested the idea of his 
 own inimitable preface to his Dictionary." Beloe's Anecdotes, vi. 
 342. 
 
 In 1821 some benevolent individual pub. An Index of 
 the Names of Persons contained in this work, Lon., foL 
 pp. 46. 
 
 Holme, Wilfred, of Huntington, Yorkshire. The 
 Fall and euill Successe of Rebellion, Ac., Lon., 1572, 4to. 
 Black-letter, pp. 68. Bibl. Anglo-Poet.,339,25. Sotheby's, 
 in 1821, 9 2. 6d. This poem refers to the commotions 
 in the northern parts of the island in 1537, consequent 
 upon the Reformation. 
 
 " It is a curious production, and, although disliked by Warton 
 for its adherence to alliteration, is quoted by Holinshed and 
 mentioned in terms of praise by the learned Bale." Bibl. Anglo- 
 Poet., 147. 
 
 " Alliteration is here carried to the most ridiculous excess. . . . 
 The poem, probably from its political reference, is mentioned by 
 Hollinshed. Bale, who overlooks the author's poetry in his piety, 
 thinks that he has learnedly and perspicuously discussed the ab 
 surdities of popery." Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet. 
 
 Holmes, Major. Pendulum Watches ; Phil. Trans., 
 1665. 
 
 Holmes, Abiel, D.D., 1763-1837, a native of Wood- 
 stock, Connecticut, graduated at Yale College in 1783, and 
 shortly afterwards became tutor in that institution ; pastor 
 of a congregation in Midway, Georgia, 1788-91; pastor 
 of the First Congregational Church, Cambridge, Mass., 
 1792-1832. In addition to the work by which he is best 
 
IIOL 
 
 HOL 
 
 known, The Annals of America, Dr. Holmes was author ! Holmes, Edward. 1. A Ramble among the Moan- 
 of a Life of President Ezra Styles, (father of his first tains of Germany. 2. Life and Corresp. of Mozart, Lon., 
 wife;) pub., in 1798, a Memoir of the French Protestants, 1845, p. 8vo. 
 j _ TJ;,,*. ~e +v, T,. ,.<T>K..;,ir ; Mae "Hist Pnllftn ; "This is decidedly the best and most complete biography of the 
 
 Mid a Hist, of the Town of Cambridge, in Mass.Hist.Collec. ; 
 and about thirty sermons and historical treatises. Dr. 
 Holmes was first married in 1790 to Mary, daughter of Dr. 
 Ezra Styles, President of Yale College. She died in 1795, 
 leaving no children. In 1800 he married Sarah, daughter 
 of the Hon. Oliver Wendell, of Boston, and had issue 1. 
 Mary Jackson, married to Usher Parsons, M.D. ; 2. Ann 
 Su?an, married to the Hon. Charles Wentworth Upham ; 
 o. Sarah Lathrop, who died in childhood; 4. Oliver Wen 
 dell Holmes, M.D., one of the most popular of American 
 poets and wits, (vide post;) 5. John Holmes, of Cambridge. 
 For further particulars respecting this excellent man and 
 accurate historian, see Dr. Jenks's Funeral Serm; Duyc- 
 kincks' Cyc. of Atner. Lit. ; American Almanac, 1838, 
 316-317; Mass. Hist. Collec., vol. yii._ Dr. Holmes's , R, epu bii c , Lon., 1823, 8vo. 
 
 great composer we have seen." Westminster Review. 
 
 "In every respect a most admirable piece of biography." New 
 Monthly Mag. 
 
 Holmes, George, 1662-1749, Clerk to the Keepers 
 of the Records in the Tower for nearly sixty years, repub. 
 the first 17 vols. of Rymer's Foedera; 2d ed., 1727. Hia 
 books, prints, coins, medals, &c. were sold by auction in 
 1749, and his widow received 200 from the government 
 for his papers, which were deposited in the Tower. 
 
 Holmes, George. Sketches of some of the Southern 
 Counties of Ireland in 1797, Lon., 1801, Svo. 
 
 Holmes, Isaac, of Liverpool, England. An Account 
 of the United States of America; derived from actual 
 Observation during a Residence of Four Years in that 
 
 American Annals, or a Chronological History of Ame 
 rica from its Discovery in 1492 to 1806, was pub. at Cam 
 bridge, Mass., in 1805, 2 vols. Svo. It was reviewed with 
 considerable severity by Robert Southey, in the London 
 Quarterly for Nov. 1809, iv. 319-337. An ed. was pub. 
 in London by Sherwood in 1813, 2 vols. Svo. A new ed., 
 with a continuation, under the title of The Annals of 
 America, <fcc. to the year 1826, was put forth at Cambridge, 
 Mass., in 1829, 2 vols. Svo, "with such improvements as 
 leave nothing to desire." 
 
 " The new edition of the American Annals is one of the best 
 works of the kind ever published. Every thing of importance 
 relating to the history of America is related in the order in which 
 it happened, in a clear and concise manner, with copious and in 
 teresting notes, in which references are made to the most important 
 authorities, by which the reader who wishes for more extensive 
 information on the subject may gratify his curiosity without the 
 trouble of turning over a great number of volumes." Rich's 
 BM. Amer. Nwa, ii. 66, 217. 
 
 " Dr. Holmes's American Annals is a work of great industry 
 and research, and is an invaluable treasure to the future writers 
 of American history, but claims no merit but that of faithful com 
 pilation." Sketches' of the Lit. of the U. States, by Rev. Timothy 
 Flint; Lon. Athenaeum, 1835, p. 803. 
 
 "This new edition of the American Annals, with such improve 
 ments as the author has introduced into it, we consider among 
 the most valuable productions of the American press. ... In the 
 American Annals it is the author's exclusive object to embody 
 facts, drawn from what he deems the best authorities, and selected 
 according to the mature light of his judgment. In this aim he 
 seems to us eminently successful, especially when it is considered 
 through what a vast field he has ranged, and what difficulties he 
 must have encountered in collecting his materials and fixing his 
 choice. ... It is the best repository of historical, chronological, 
 and biographical knowledge respecting America that can be found 
 embodied in one work." JARED SPARKS : N. Amer. Rev., xxix. 428- 
 441; Oct. 1829. 
 
 " A valuable work, displaying great industry and research." 
 Loumdes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 "The name of Holmes ought not to be mentioned without a 
 tribute to his memory. No student of our history- but owes him 
 gratitude. The accomplished annalist feared no labour ; he was 
 indefatigable in his love of truth. He had seen much of the 
 country; his correspondence was wide, his zeal untiring. . . 
 Take it all in all, the Annals of Holmes constitute a work which 
 in its kind has never been equalled among us, and has few paral 
 lels anywhere." .ft". Amer. Rev. xlvi. 481 ; April, 1838. 
 
 Holmes's Annals has now (1856) become a liber rariasi- 
 mns, and can rarely be purchased. Our copy was a present 
 from our enterprising publisher and valued friend, Mr 
 George W. Childs, of Philadelphia, whose excellent collec 
 tion of works on American History is well calculated to 
 excite the cupidity of the ravished spectator. 
 
 Holmes, Mrs. Dalkeith. A Ride on Horseback 
 to Florence, through France and Switzerland, by a Lady 
 described in a Series of Letters, Lon., 1842, 2 vols. p. 8vo 
 " The republic of female travellers, already BO well stocked with 
 distinguished members, ought, in gratitude for a book at once so 
 .pleasant and so creditable to the bravery of the sex, to appoin 
 Mrs. Dalkeith Holmes as its Mistress of the Horse. She is a plea 
 ant, sensible, unaffected, and well-read gentlewoman." Lon 
 Athenceum. 
 
 Some of Mrs. Holmes's poetical compositions will be 
 found in the Dublin Univ. Magazine, xxiii. 343-347. 
 
 Holmes, David, minister of the Methodist Episcopa 
 Church, b. 1809, at Newburgh, New York. 1. Pure Gold 
 or, Truth in its Native Loveliness, Auburn, 12mo, pp. 280 
 2. The Wesley Offering, 1852, 12mo, pp. 300. 3. With Rev 
 J. M. Austin, a Discussion upon the doctrine of the Atone 
 ment, Universal Salvation, and Endless Punishment, 12mo 
 pp. 800. Editor of The Mirror of the Soul, and also of 
 The Christian Preacher. 
 
 Holmes, E. Exploration of Aroostook Territory in 
 1838, Augusta, Me., 1839. 
 
 Holmes, Rev. Edward. Materiality of the Soul 
 Lon., 1790, Svo. 
 
 Mr. Holmes is rather a diffuse and inaccurate writer; but he 
 makes no pretensions to literary excellence, and his object is to 
 present a modest but true statement of things as they are in the 
 American republic." ion. Month. Rev., ci. 304-312; June, 1823. 
 Holmes, Rev. James. Moscow, or Triumphant 
 elf-Devotion; a Poem, 1813, '15, Svo. 
 Holmes, J. H. H. 1. Coal Mines, &c., Lon., 1816, 
 vo. 2. Safety Lamps for do.; Thorn. Ann. Philos., 1816. 
 Holmes, Rev. James Ivory. The Revelation of 
 3t. John elucidated, Lon., 1815, 2 vols. Svo. 
 Holmes, John. Greek Grammar, 1735, Svo ; 1737, 4to. 
 Holmes, John, minister of the United Brethren 
 ongregation in Dublin. Hist. Sketches of the Missions 
 of the United Brethren to the Heathen, Dubl., 1818, Svo. 
 Holmes, John. Descrip. Cat. of the Books in the 
 ibrary of John Holmes; with notices of Authors and 
 Printers, Norw., 1818, Svo. Privately printed. 
 
 Holmes, John. The Statesman; or, Principles of 
 Legislation and Law, Augusta, 1S40, Svo. 
 
 Holmes, John, 1SOO-1854, an eminent bibliographer, 
 Assistant Keeper of the MSS. in the British Museum, 
 1830-54, edited, in 1S52, a new ed. of Cavendish's Life 
 of Cardinal Wolsey, contributed notes to the last two eds. 
 of Wordsworth's Eccles. Biog., to Pepys's Diary, and Eve- 
 yn's Life of Mrs. Godolphin, and compiled several cata 
 logues, <fcc. The valuable article in the Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 for May, 1843, Ixxiii. 1-25, entitled Libraries and Cata 
 logues, was written by Mr. Holmes. See Lon. Gent. Mag., 
 July, 1854. 
 
 Holmes, Launcelot. Holy Things, Lon., 1716, Svo. 
 Holmes, Mrs. Mary J. 1. Tempest and Sunshine; 
 or, Life in Kentucky, N.Y., 1854, 12mo. 2. The English 
 Orphans; or, A Home in the New World, 1855, 12mo. Very 
 favourably noticed in the N. Amer. Rev., Oct. 1855, Ixxxi. 
 557. 3. The Homestead on the Hillside, <fcc., 1856, 12mo. 
 4. Lena Rivers, 1856, 12mo. 5. Meadow Brook, 1857, 12ino. 
 Holmes, Nathaniel, D.D. See HOMES. 
 Holmes, Oliver Wendell, M.D., a son of Abiel 
 Holmes, D.D., b. at Cambridge, Massachusetts, Aug. 29, 
 1809, graduated at Harvard University in 1829, and sub 
 sequently devoted about a year to the study of law. In 
 1833 he visited Europe, and having resolved to exchange 
 Coke and Blackstone for Galen and .fEsculapius employed 
 between two and three years in attendance on the hospitals 
 of Paris, and other laborious researches connected with 
 the duties of his new profession. In 1835 he returned to 
 Boston, took his medical degree at Cambridge in 1836, 
 was elected Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in Dart 
 mouth College in 183S, and succeeded Dr. Warren as Pro 
 fessor of Anatomy in the Medical Department of Harvard 
 University in 1847. In 1849 Dr. Holmes relinquished 
 general practice. He resides during the winter princi 
 pally in Boston, and spends the remainder of the year on 
 an estate which once belonged to his great-grandfather, the 
 Hon. Jacob Wendell, situated on the banks of the Housa- 
 tonic, in Pittsfield, Berkshire county, Massachusetts. 
 
 Some of the earlier poetical productions of this popular 
 poet originally appeared in The Collegian, a periodical 
 pub. in 1830 by a number of the students of Harvard 
 University; in Illustrations of the Athenaeum Gallery of 
 Paintings, 1831 ; and in The Harbinger, a May Gift, 1833. 
 In 1836 Dr. Holmes delivered, before the Harvard Phi 
 Beta Kappa Society, Poetry, a Metrical Essay, which 
 established his reputation as a poet. 
 
 "It is in the heroic measure, and in its versification is not sur 
 passed by any poem written in this country. It relates to the 
 nature and offices of poetry, and is itself a series of brilliant illus 
 trations of the ideas of which it is an expression." Griswold't 
 Poets and Poetry of America. 
 
 This Metrical Essay a very successful essay it proved 
 
HOL 
 
 HOL 
 
 was pub. in the first collective ed. of his Poems issued 
 at Boston, in 1836, 12ino, pp. 163. In 1843 he gave to 
 the world Terpsichore, a poem, read at the annual dinner 
 of the Phi Beta Kappa Society in that year; and in 1846 
 he pub. Urania, a Rhymed Lesson, pronounced before the | 
 Mercantile Library Association. A review of Urania, by 
 Francis Bowen, will be found in the N. Amer. Rev. for 
 January, 1847, Ixiv. 208-216: 
 
 "His fancy teems with bright and appropriate images, and 
 these are woven into his plan "usually with exquisite finish and 
 grace. His artistic merits are very great ; his versification is never 
 slovenly, nor his diction meagre or coarse ; and many of his shorter 
 pieces are inwrought with so much fire and imagination as to rank 
 among our best lyrics." Ubi supra. 
 
 In 1838 Dr. Holmes pub. Boylston Prize Dissertations 
 for 1836-37: On Indigenous Intermittent Fever in New 
 England; Nature and Treatment of Neuralgia; and Utility 
 and Importance of Direct Exploration in Medical Prac 
 tice, Bost., 8vo. A review of these Essays, by E. Hale, 
 will be found in the N. Amer. Rev. for July, 1838, xlvii. 
 161-177: 
 
 " It affords a proof of his [Dr. Holmes's] industry, as well as of 
 his talents, that the author should be successful in obtaining 
 three prizes in two successive years, gaining in the latter year 
 both that were offered." Ubi supra. 
 
 His Lectures on Homoeopathy and its Kindred Delusions 
 appeared in 1842, and a Report of his on Medical Litera 
 ture to the National Medical Association was pub. in the 
 Trans, of Nat. Med. Society for 1848. To these profes 
 sional labours are to be added a pamphlet entitled Puer 
 peral Fever as a Private Pestilence, (noticed in Boston 
 Living Age, xlv. 18;) a number of papers in the New 
 England Quarterly Journal of Medicine and Surgery, and 
 in the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal; and (in con 
 junction with Jacob Bigelow,M.D.) an ed. of Dr. Marshall 
 Hall's Principles of the Theory and Practice of Medicine, 
 1839, Svo. He has also been a contributor of miscella 
 neous articles to the N. Amer. Rev., the New England 
 Mag., the Knickerbocker, <fec. We have already stated 
 that the first collective ed. of Holmes's poems was pub. at 
 Boston, (by Otis, Broaders & Co.,) 1836, 12mo, pp. 163. 
 A second Amer. ed. was pub. by Ticknor & Fields (so the 
 firm now runs) in 1848; and this enterprising house has 
 pub. one or more edits, every year since. Three times in 
 the present year (1856) has the press been put in motion 
 to supply the public demand. The first English ed. was 
 pub. in 1845; a new ed. by Routledge in 1852, 32mo; and 
 a third by the same publisher in 1853, 18mo. Astraea, the 
 Balance of Illusions, a Poem delivered before the Phi Beta j 
 Kappa Society of Yale College, August, 1850, was pub. in | 
 the same year, 16mo, and again in 1855, 16mo. A notice I 
 of this production, with copious extracts, will be found in | 
 the thirty-first chapter of Miss Mitford's Literary Recol- j 
 lections; and see also the Knickerbocker Mag., xxxvii. ; 
 142. Miss Mitford seems to have been indebted for her j 
 copy of Astraea (and also for a copy of the author's col 
 lected poems) to her friend, Holmes's friend, our friend, 
 everybody's friend, James T. Fields, Esq., the poet-pub 
 lisher of Boston. (See page 595 of this Dictionary.) For 
 other notices of Holmes's poems, see N. Araer. Rev., notice 
 of collective edit, of 1836, by J. G. Palfrey, xliv. 275-277; ! 
 ibid., notice of collective ed. of 1849, by Francis Bowen, 
 Ixviii. 201-203; articles by J. G. Whittier, in Knicker 
 bocker, xxvi. 570; Bost. Liv. Age, (from the National 
 Era,) xx. 516; notices of the second English ed., in Lon. 
 Athenaeum, 1852, 815 ; and in the Irish Quar. Rev. for 
 June, 1855. See also E. P. Whipple's Essays and Reviews, ' 
 1851, i. 66-67. and in N. Amer. Rev., January, 1844; Gris- 
 wold's Poets and Poetry of America; Duyckincks' Cyc. of 
 Amer. Lit. ; (in the two last-named works will be found 
 specimens of our author's peculiar powers;) Hillard's ; 
 First Class Reader; Chambers's Hand-Book of American 
 Literature ; Tuckerman's Sketch of American Literature. 
 
 We quote a few lines from the many pages of enthu 
 siastic laudation now before us : 
 
 " The most concise, apt, and effective poet of the school of Pope 
 this country has produced is Oliver Wendell Holmes. . . . His 
 best lines are a series of rhymed pictures, witticisms, or senti- j 
 nients, let off with the precision and brilliancy of the scintilla 
 tions that sometimes illuminate the northern horizon. The 
 significant terms, the perfect construction, and acute choice of 
 syllables and emphasis, render some passages of Holmes absolute 
 models of versification, especially in the heroic measure. Besides 
 these artistic merits, his poetry abounds with fine satire, beauti- 
 ful delineations of nature, and amusing caricatures of manners. 
 The long poems are metrical essays more pointed, musical, and 
 judicious, as well as witty, than any that have appeared, of the 
 same species, since the Essay on Man and the Dunciad." HENRY 
 T. TUCKERMAN : ubi supra. 
 
 "Dr. Holmes is a poet of wit and humour and genial sentiment, 
 with a style remarkable for its purity, terseness, and point, and 
 
 for an exquisite finish and grace. His lyrics ring and sparkle like 
 cataracts of silver ; and his serious pieces as successful in their 
 way as those mirthful frolics of his muse for which he is best 
 known arrest the attention by touches of the most genuine 
 pathos and tenderness. All his poems illustrate a manly feeling, 
 and have in some of them a current of good sense, the more 
 charming because somewhat out of fashion now in works of ima 
 gination and fancy." 11. W. GRISWOLD: ubi supra. 
 
 "To write good comic verse is a different thing from writing 
 good comic poetry. A jest or a sharp saying may be easily made 
 to rhyme; but to blend ludicrous ideas with fancy and imagina 
 tion, and display in their conception and expression the same 
 poetic qualities usually exercised in serious composition, is a rare 
 distinction. Among American poets, we know of no one who 
 excels Holmes in this difficult branch of the art. Many of hig 
 pleasant lyrics seem not so much the offspring of wit, as of fancy 
 and sentiment turned in a humorous direction. His manner of 
 satirizing the foibles, follies, vanities, and affectations of conven 
 tional life is altogether peculiar and original. . . . Holmes is also 
 a poet of sentiment and passion. . . . Those who know him only 
 as a comic lyrist, as the libellous laureate of chirping folly and 
 presumptuous egotism, would be surprised at the clear sweetness 
 and skylark thrill of his serious and sentimental compositions." 
 EDWIN P. WHIPPLE : ubi supra. 
 
 " His longest productions are occasional poems which have been 
 recited before literary societies and received with very great favour. 
 His style is brilliant, sparkling, and terse; and many of his heroic 
 stanzas remind us of the point and condensation of Pope. In his 
 shorter poems, he is sometimes grave and sometimes gay. When, 
 in the former mood, he charms us by his truth and manliness of 
 feeling, and his sweetness of sentiment; when in the latter, he 
 delights us with the glance and play of the wildest wit and the 
 richest humour. Every thing that he writes is carefully finished, 
 and rests on a basis of sound sense and shrewd observation." 
 GEORGE S. HILLAKD : ubi supra. 
 
 " If any -of your readers (and at times we fear it is the case with 
 all) need amusement, and the wholesome alterative of a hearty 
 laugh, we commend them not to Dr. Holmes the physician, but to 
 Dr. Holmes the scholar, the wit, and the humourist ; not to the 
 scientific medical professor's barbarous Latin, but to his practical 
 prescriptions given in choice old Saxon. We have tried them, and 
 are ready to give the doctor certificates of their efficacy. . . . Long 
 may he live, to make broader the face of our care-ridden genera 
 tion, and to realize for himself the truth of the wise man's de 
 claration, that a merry heart is ' a continual feast.' " JOHN G. 
 WHITTIER : National Era. 
 
 " You went crazy last year over Bulwer's New Timon : 
 Why, if B., to the day of his dying, should rhyme on, 
 Heaping verses on verses, and tomes upon tomes, 
 He could ne'er reach the best point and vigour of Holmes. 
 His are just the fine hands, too, to weave you a lyric 
 Full of fancy, fun, feeling, or spiced with satiric, 
 In so kindly a measure, that nobody knows 
 What to do but e'en join in the laugh, friends and foes." 
 
 J. RUSSELL LOWELL: A Fablf. for Critics. 
 
 "As he is everybody's favourite, there is no occasion for critics 
 to meddle with him, either to censure or to praise. He can afford 
 to laugh at the whole reviewing fraternity. His wit is all his own, 
 so sly and tingling, but without a drop of ill-nature in it, and 
 never leaving a sting behind. His humour is so grotesque and 
 queer, that it reminds one of the frolics of Puck; and deep pathos 
 mingles with it so naturally, that, when the reader's eyes are 
 brimming with tears, he knows not whether they have their source 
 in sorrow or in laughter. The great merits of his English style 
 we noticed on a former occasion, [N. Amer. Rev., Ixiv. 208-216;] 
 for point, idiomatic propriety, and terseness, it is absolutely with 
 out a rival." FRANCIS BOWEN : N. Amer. Rev., Ixviii. 201-203. 
 
 It is now time to inquire into the character of the re 
 ception which our author's poetry has encountered on the 
 other side of the Atlantic, where critics may be supposed 
 to scan with a less indulgent eye the pretensions of Ame 
 rican authorship. Miss Mitford, in her chapter on AME- 
 KICAN POETS, already referred to, remarks, 
 
 " Of all this flight of genuine poets, I hardly know any one so 
 original as Dr. Holmes. For him we can find no living prototype: 
 to track his footsteps, we must travel back as far as Pope or Dry- 
 den ; and to my mind it would be well if some of our bards would 
 take the same journey, provided always it produced the same re 
 sult. Lofty, poignant, graceful, grand, high of thought and 
 clear of word, we could fancy ourselves reading some pungent 
 page of Absalom and Achitophel, or of the Moral Epistles, if 
 it were not for the pervading nationality, which, excepting Whit- 
 tier, American poets have generally wanted, and for that true 
 reflection of the manners and follies of the age. without which 
 satire would fail alike of its purpose and its name. ... He excels 
 in singing his own charming songs, and speaks as well as he 
 writes." 
 
 " In the lighter poems of Holmes, humour is generally blended 
 with good taste. His versification is easy and fluent, and rises to 
 dignity and chastened elegance in his serious and didactic poems; 
 which suggest that the writer, devoting his life to literature, 
 might have achieved greater works." Chambers's Hand-Book of 
 American Literature, London and Edinburgh, 1856. 
 
 "There are many things in Holmes's humorous pieces which 
 bear strong resemblance to the similar productions of our English 
 satirists, Swift, Pope, and Thomas Hood. He possesses Swift's 
 quaintness and motley merriment, Pope's polish and graceful 
 point, and the solemn pathos and allied excruciating mirth of 
 Hood. In addition to these, he has a certain originality of bis 
 own, which would be difficult to define, but which would seem to 
 consist in freedom and facility ingrafted on the broad, hearty 
 nature of Brother Jonathan." Irish Quarterly Review, v. 215- 
 220 : Review of the second English ed. (1S52) of Holmt^s Poems. 
 
 We find the same vol. thus noticed by a famous London 
 
 869 
 
HOL 
 
 HOL 
 
 periodical, the severity of whose critical judgments has 
 long made its name a terror to authordom on both sides 
 of the Atlantic : 
 
 "There are strains of didactic thought, humorous fency, 
 pathetic feeling, there is an Augustan sonority and neatness of 
 versification, in the poems of Dr. Holmes, which by turns remind 
 us of the Prize-Poets of our Colleges: of Crabbe, who minutely 
 wrought out the homeliest themes in heroic metre, of William 
 Spencer's drawing-room lyrics, light as gossamer, sentimental as 
 music on a lake, and of Whistlecraft. Yet there is nothing like 
 gross or direct imitation in this worthy little volume." ion. 
 Athenieum, 1852, p. 815. 
 
 Dr. Holmes was one of the principal parties in organizing 
 the Atlantic Monthly, and contributed to its first twelve 
 numbers a series of papers entitled the " Autocrat of the 
 Breakfast-Table," which were exceedingly popular, and 
 were pub. in a vol. illustrated by Hoppin, Boston, 1858, 
 12mo. 
 
 "The 'Autocrat' is as genial and gentle, and, withal, as philo 
 sophical, an essayist as any of modern times. Hazlitt, saturnine 
 and cynical, would yet have loved this writer. Charles Lamb 
 would have opened his heart to one who resembles him so much 
 in many excellent points. Leigh Hunt, we dare say, has been 
 much delighted with him. Thomas Hood, the great humanitarian, 
 would have relished his fine catholic spirit. Dickens, no doubt, 
 has read him more than once, admiring his command of our com 
 mon language, the ' well of English undefined,' and, above all, 
 the pervading tone of practical philosophy. The ' Autocrat,' how 
 ever, is somewhat more than an essayist : he is contemplative, dis 
 cursive, poetical, thoughtful, philosophical, amusing, imaginative, 
 tender, never didactic. This is the secret of his marked success: 
 he interests variously-constituted minds and various moods of 
 mind. It needed not the introduction of lyrical pieces (which we 
 are glad to have) to show that the ' Autocrat' is essentially a poet. 
 Of all who would have most enjoyed him we may foremost name 
 Professor "Wilson, who would have welcomed him to a seat ' above 
 the salt' at the far-famed ' Noctes Ambrosianaj,' placing him next 
 to William Maginn, the wayward 'ODoherty' of Blackwood's 
 Magazine." DH. R. SHELTON MACKENZIE. 
 
 Holmes, Robert, D.D., 1749-1805, a native of 
 Hampshire, educated at New College, Oxford, became 
 Rector of Staunton, Canon of Salisbury, and, in 1804, 
 Dean of Winchester. In 1790 he succeeded Thom'as 
 Warton as Professor of Poetry at Oxford. 1. The Resur 
 rection of the Body, Lon., 1777, 4to. 2. Alfred; an Ode, 
 Ac., 1778, 4to. 3. Eight Serms. at the Bampton Lects., 
 1782, on the Prophecies and Testimony of John the Bap 
 tist, and the parallel prophecies of Jesus Christ, 1783, 8vo. 
 4. Four Theolog. Tracts, 1788, 8vo. 5. An Ode, 1793, 4to. 
 6. Treatises on Religious and Scriptural Subjects, Oxf., 
 1806, r. 8vo. 7. Episcopo Dunelmensi Epistola, &c., 1795, 
 fol. 8. Epistolaa Episcopo Dunelmensi, 1795, fol. These 
 two Latin Epistles contain specimens of the edit, of the 
 Septuagint commenced by Dr. Holmes and completed by 
 the Rev. J. Parsons. See Dr. Holmes's Annual Accounts 
 of the Collection of the MSS. of the Septuagint Version, 
 from 1789 to 1803, 8vo. The titles of this great work 
 run as follows : Vetus Testamentum Graecum, cum variis 
 Lectionibus; edidit Robertus Holmes, D.D., Decanus 
 Wintoniensis ; torn. L, Oxonii, e Typographeo Claren- 
 doniano, 1798, fol. Vetus Testamentum Graecum, cum 
 variis Lectionibus. Editionem a Roberto Holmes, S.T.P., 
 inchoatam continuavit Jacobus Parsons, S.T.B. ; torn, ii.- 
 v., Oxonii, e Typographeo Clarendoniano, 1818-27, fol. 
 The five vols. were pub. at 16 16s. in sheets. The date 
 of torn. i. would more properly have been 1798-1804. In 
 the next year 1805 Dr. Holmes pub. the Book of Daniel. 
 For an account of this work, which reflects great credit 
 upon the authors and the University of Oxford, we refer 
 the reader to Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ; Lon. Monthly Re 
 view ; Critical Review ; British Critic ; Lon. Gent. Mag. ; 
 vol. Ixxv. ; Lon. Eclec. Rev.; Classical Journal; Bp 
 Marsh's Divinity Lectures, (Lect. xii. ;) Home's Bibl. 
 Bib. ; Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 28-29. 
 
 Holmes, Samuel* A Journal during his attendance 
 on Lord Macartney's Embassy to China and Tartary, 
 Lon., 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Holmesby, Capt. John. Voyages and Adventures 
 to the Southern Ocean, 1737, Lon., 1757, 12mo. 
 
 Holroyd, Edward. 1. Case of A. Thornton, Lon., 
 8vo. 2. Law of Patents for Inventions, 1830, 8vo. This 
 work is confined to Patents, whilst Mr. Richard Godson's 
 treats of Copyrights as well as of Patents : (see p. 682.) 
 
 Holroyd, John Baker, Earl of Sheffield. See SHEF 
 FIELD. 
 
 Holstein, Anthony Frederick, a fictitious name 
 
 under which several novels were pub., Lon., 1809-15. 
 
 Holstein, Esther. Ernestina; a Nov., 1801, 2 vols 
 
 Holstein, General H.L. V. Ducoudray, wrote, 
 
 whilst in America, Recollections of an Officer of the Em 
 
 pire, The Life of Simon Bolivar, <fcc., and edited at Albany 
 
 a literary periodical, entitled The Zodiac. 
 
 870 
 
 Holsworth, Richard. See HOLDSWORTH. 
 Holt, Sir Charles. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1699. 
 Holt, Francis .L ml low, d. 1844, Queen's Counsel, 
 Vice-Chancellor of Lancashire, 1826-44, for many years 
 chief editor of Bell's Weekly Messenger. 1. The Land 
 we Live in ; a Com., Lon., 1804, '05, 8vo. 2. Law and 
 Usage of Parl. in Cases of Privilege and Contempt, 1810, 
 Jvo. 3. Law of Libel, 1812, '16, 8vo. Reviewed by Lord 
 Brougham in Edin. Rev., Sept. 1816 ; and in collected 
 Contrib. to Edin. Rev., 1856, iii. 150-179. 1st Amer. 
 ed., by A. Bleeker, N. York, 1818, 8vo. A good book in 
 ts day, but now superseded. 4. Rep. of Cases at Nisi 
 Prius, 1815-17, Lon., 1818, 8vo. 5. Law of Shipping, 
 1820, '24, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Holt has followed in the track of Lord Tenterden, and 
 with great credit to himself." Kent's Com., Pt. 5. 
 
 6. Treat, on the Bankrupt Laws, 1827, 8vo. See biogra 
 phical notice of this excellent man and useful writer in 
 Lon. Gent. Mag., Dec. 1844. 
 Holt, John. See HOLTE. 
 
 Holt, Sir John, 1642-1710, Lord Chief-Justice of 
 the King's Bench, 1689-1710, was a native of Thane, 
 Yorkshire, educated at Oriel Coll., Oxford, and entered at 
 Gray's Inn, 1658. 1. Reports of Cases determined by Sir 
 John Holt, 1681-1710, from a MS. of Thos. Farresley, &c., 
 Lon., 1738, fol. 
 
 " Farresley was the author of 7th Modern, a book of bvtt in 
 different authority. The merits of the present work, I believe, are 
 in a concatenation accordingly." Wallace's Reporters, 247, ed. 
 1855. 
 
 6th and 7th Modern both contain Reports of Holt's 
 Judgments : 
 
 " He complained bitterly of his reporters, saying that the 
 skimblescamble stuff which they published would ' make posterity 
 think ill of his understanding and that of his brethren on the 
 bench.' He chiefly referred to a collection of Keports called 
 MODERN, embracing nearly the whole of the time when he sat 
 on the bench, which are composed in a very loose and perfunctory 
 manner. More justice is done to him by Salkeld, Carthew, Levinz, 
 Shower, and Skinner ; but these do little more than state drily 
 the points which he decided, and we should have been left with 
 out any adequate memorial of his judicial powers, had it not been 
 for admirable Reports of his decisions published after his death. 
 These, beginning with Easter Term, 6 \V. & M., were compiled 
 by Lord Kaymond, who was his pupil, and who became his suc 
 cessor. Many of them are distinguished by animation as well as 
 precision, and they form a delightful treat to the happy few who 
 have a genuine taste for judicial science." LORD CAMPBELL : Lives 
 of the Cfiief-Justices. 
 
 It is known to the profession that Lord Mansfield and 
 several other judges doubt the accuracy of the beginning 
 of Raymond's first vol.; but this is a vexata qucettio, 
 which we shall let the lawyers decide, or, rather, discuss. 
 The dictum of a layman would have but little weight in 
 the controversy. The vol. entitled Cases and Resolutions 
 of Cases, &c., 1742, Svo, is sometimes cited as Cases Tern- 
 pore Holt ; though that title is generally used to distin 
 guish Farresley's folio, 1738. We must not forget to 
 mention that in 1837, Svo, there was pub. from the original 
 MSS., with an Introduc., Lord Holt's Judgments in the 
 Case of Ashby v. White and others, and J. Paty and 
 others. In 1708, Lord Holt edited a collection of Crown 
 Cases, from the MS. of Chief-Justice Kelynge, adding 
 three judgments of his own, all of which are upon the law 
 of murder and manslaughter : 
 
 " His notice of them in his preface rather shows that he was 
 an instance of a great English lawyer being utterly unacquainted 
 with English composition." LORD CAMPBELL : ubi supra. 
 
 A new ed. of the above folio, or rather anew title-page, 
 was pub. in 1739. Respecting this great judge, in addi 
 tion to authorities above cited, consult his Life, 1764, 8vo; 
 Biog. Brit., vol. vii., Supp. ; Burnet's Own Times; Athen. 
 Oxon. ; Nichols's Atterbury; Marvin's Leg. Bibl. ; Tatler, 
 No. 14; art. on Law-School at Cambridge, by Dr. Charles 
 Follen, in N. Amer. Rev., xxxvi. 395-418. One of Holt's 
 most celebrated judgments is that of Coggs v. Barnard, 
 
 "In which the law of bailments is expounded with philosophic 
 precision and fulness. . . . And, if he had left no other judgment 
 on record, this alone would justify the eulogy of an eminent mo 
 dern judge, that ' he was as great a lawyer as ever sat in West 
 minster Hall.'" JUDGE STORY: Progress of Jurisprudence: Mis- 
 cell. Writings, 1852, 204. 
 
 Holt deserves great credit for his courageous guardian 
 ship of the legal rights of the people in opposition to the 
 tyrannical measures of King James II. This was not for 
 gotten by the succeeding government. An eminent au 
 thority of the times of Holt, referring to the manner in 
 which the Revolution judges were selected, remarks : 
 
 The first of these was Sir John Holt, made Lord Chief-Justice 
 
 of England, then a young man for so high a post, who maintained 
 
 th a great reputation for capa 
 courage, and dispatch." BISHOP BURNET : Own Times. 
 
 it all his time with a great reputation for capacity, integrity, 
 rage, and dispatch." BISHOP BURNET : Own Times. 
 He was a man of profound knowledge of the laws of hia 
 
HOL 
 
 country, and as just an observer of them in his own person." 
 Sbtler, No. 14. 
 
 " A man of unsullied honour, of profound learning, and of the 
 most enlightened understanding." LORD CAMPBELL : ubi supra. 
 
 "On the intimate connection of these two codes, [those of Rome 
 and England,] let us hear the words of Lord Holt, whose name 
 never can be pronounced without veneration, as long as wisdom 
 and integrity are revered among men." SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH : 
 On the Study of the Law of Nature and Nations; Miscell. Works, 
 1856, ii. 386. 
 
 Holt, John, 1742-1801, a native of Mottram, Che- 
 shire, a schoolmaster. 1. Characters of the Kings and 
 Queens of England, Lon., 1786-88, 3 vols. 12mo ; 1794, 
 8vo. A work of merit. 2. General View of the Agricult. 
 of the County of Lancaster, 1795, 8vo. 
 
 " It is a very respectable performance." Donaldson's Agricult. 
 Biog. 
 
 3. Essay on the Curie of Potatoes. See Lon. Gent. Mag., 
 vol. Ixxi. At the time of his death he was employed in 
 collecting materials for a history of Liverpool. 
 Holt, John. See HOLTE. 
 
 Holt, Joseph, General of the Irish Rebels in 1798. 
 His Memoirs, Lon., 1838, 2 vols. 8vo. See CROKER, 
 THOMAS CROFTON; Dubl. Univ. Mag., xii. 72-74. 
 
 Holt, Ludlow, LL.D. Serms., 1780-81, both 4to. 
 Holt, Richard. Artificial Stone, Lon., 1730, 8vo. 
 Holt, Thomas. Fearful News from Coventry; or, 
 a Relation of T. Holt's having sold himself to the Devil, 
 Lon., 1642, 4to. 
 
 Holte, John, author of the first Latin Grammar of 
 any note in England, a native of Sussex, educated at, and 
 Fellow of, Magdalen College, Oxford, became an eminent 
 schoolmaster. He pub. his Grammar, (Lac Pueoru; Mylke 
 for Chyldren,) according to Wood, about 1497, 4to ; Lon. 
 by W. de Worde, 4to. But see Dibdin's Typ. Antiq., ii. 
 380, and his Lib. Comp., 571. A copy of this rare book, 
 which consists of 48 leaves, sine anno, was in Richard 
 Heber's library. See Tanner ; Bale ; Bliss's Wood's Athen. 
 Oxon. 
 
 Ilolthouse, C., Assistant Surgeon and Lecturer to the 
 Westminster Hospital. Six Lects. on Strabismus, Lon., 
 1854, 8vo. 
 
 "We can strongly recommend a perusal of these lectures to al 
 who are interested in the subject of Strabismus." ion. Med. Times 
 and Gazette. Also commended by Edin. Month. Jour. 
 
 Ilolthouse, Henry James, of the Inner Temple 
 Special Pleader. New Law Dictionary, Lon., 1839, fp. 
 Svo; 2d ed., 1846, p. 8vo. 1st Amer. ed:, from the 2c 
 Lon. ed., with numerous addits., by Henry Penington, of 
 the Phila. Bar, Phila., 1847, 12mo. 2d Amer. ed., Bost. 
 1850, p. 8vo. 
 
 " Its object principally is to impress accurately and distinctly 
 upon the mind the meaning of the technical terms of the law ; and 
 as such it can hardly fail to be generally useful. There is much 
 curious information to be found in it in regard to the peculiarities 
 of the ancient Saxon law. The additions of the American edition 
 [Mr. Penington'sj give increased value to the work, and evince 
 much accuracy and taste." Penna. Law Jour. 
 See also 5 M. L. M., 199; 36 L. M., 174. 
 Holwell, John, an Englishman, surveyor to the 
 crown, an adherent of the Duke of Monmouth, d. in New 
 York about 1685, and is supposed to have been poisone 
 from political animosity. 1. Catastrophe Mundi, 1682 
 4to. This is an attack on the Popish party. Appendix 
 1683, 4to. 2. Prac. Surveyor, Lon., 1687, Svo. 3. Trigo 
 nometry made Easy, 1685, Svo. See Asiatic Annual Re 
 gister, vol. i. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. * , _ 
 
 Holwell, John Zephaniah, 1711-1798, a nativ 
 of Dublin, grandson of the preceding, and a member o 
 the Council at Calcutta, was one of the sufferers in th 
 "Black Hole," of which melancholy affair he gives ai 
 account in the India Tracts, Lon v 1758, Svo; 1764, '77 
 4to. He pub. several other works on East India affairs : 
 Interesting Hist. Events relative to Bengal and Industan 
 with the Mythology of the Gentoos, <fcc., in three parts, Svo 
 1765-66-71; Small-Pox in the East Indies, 1767, Svo, &c 
 A New Experiment for the Prevention of Crimes, 1786 
 Svo; and a Dissert, on the Origin, Nature, and Pursuit 
 of Intelligent Beings, 1788, Svo. This is a curious pro 
 duction. An account of Holwell and his publications wi" 
 be found in the Asiatic Annual Register, vol. i. ; see als 
 Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Holwell, Thomas. Newe Sonets and Pratie Pam 
 phlets, Lon., sine anno, 4to. 
 
 Holwell, Win., Preb. of Exeter, d. 1798. 1. Beautie 
 of Homer, Lon., 1775, Svo. 2. Extracts from Pope's Trans 
 of the Iliad, 1776, Svo. 3. A Mytholog., Etymolog., an 
 Hist. Diet, extracted from the Analysis of Ancient My 
 thology, 1793, Svo. This is from Jacob Bryant's elaborat 
 work. 
 Holybush, John. See HOLLYBUSHE. 
 
 HOM 
 
 Holyoush, John. See HOLYWOOD. 
 Holyday, Barten, D.D., 1593-1661, a native of Ox. 
 rd, educated at Christ Church, Chaplain to Charles L, 
 nd Archdeacon of Oxford. His best-known works are a 
 'rans. of Juvenal and Persius; 4th ed., Oxf., 1673, fol. : 
 urvey of the World ; a Poem, 1661, sm. Svo : and twenty 
 erms. See Athen. Oxon. ; Wood's Life ; Lloyd's Memoirs ; 
 lalone's Dryden. 
 
 Holyoake, Francis, 1567P-1653, Rector of South am, 
 Varwickshire, pub. an Etymological Diet, of Latin Words, 
 606, 4to; 4th ed., 1633, '40. New ed., enlarged, by his 
 on, Thomas Holyoake, Lon., 1677, fol. This may be 
 ailed a new work, founded on the old one of his father's. 
 Francis Holyoake also pub. a Sermon, Heb. xiii. 17, Oxf., 
 610, 4to. See Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Holyoake, Thomas, 1616-1675, Preb. of the Col- 
 egiate Church of Wolverhampton, son of the preceding, 
 q. v. See Athen. Oxon. ; Gen. Diet. ; Gent. Mag., vol. i. 
 Holywood,Holybush,Halifax, or Sacrobosco, 
 John, Prof, of Mathematics in the Univ. of Paris, was 
 he author of De Sphoera Mundi, often reprinted with 
 annotations; De Anni Ratione, seu de Computo Ecclesi- 
 astico ; De Algorismo, printed with Comm. Petri Cirvilli 
 lisp., Paris, 1498. Where or when this writer was born 
 and died is involved in doubt. It is not certainly known 
 whether he lived in the 13th or 14th century. See Mac 
 kenzie's Scotch Writers, vol. i. ; Harris's Ware's Ireland ; 
 Leland; Pits; Bale; Dempster; Button's Diet.; Cham- 
 aers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, 
 1855, vol. iii. 
 
 Holyoke, Edward, d. 1769, aged 79, graduated at 
 Harvard College in 1705, was ordained in 1716, and offi 
 ciated as President of that noble institution from 1737 
 until his death. He pub. a serin., 1737, another, 1741, an 
 answer to Mr. Whitefield, 1744, and contributed the first 
 poem in the Pietas et Gratulatio of Harvard College, 1761, 
 Bost., 4to, pp. 106. 
 
 Holyoke, Edward Augustus, M.D., 1728-1829, 
 son of the preceding, an eminent physician, graduated at 
 Harvard College in 1746, and practised for nearly eighty 
 years at Salem, Mass. He pub. a number of Astronomical 
 papers in Silliman's Journal, and medical articles in the 
 Trans. Mass. Med. Society, and N. York Med. Repository. 
 He left a number of Diaries in MS. See Knapp's Amer. 
 Biog. ; Mass. Med. Society, vol. iv. ; (Memoir by Dr. A. 
 L. Peirson of Salem,) Williams's Amer. Med. Biog. ; Amer. 
 Quar. Reg., xiii. 79. 
 
 Holyoke, Samuel Adams, a teacher of music, d. 
 1820, at Concord, Mass. 1. Columbian Repository of Sa 
 cred Harmony. 2. Occasional Music, Exeter, 1802. 
 
 Homans, Benjamin, editor of the Military and 
 Naval Magazine of the U. States, Washington, D.C., 6 
 vols. Svo, 
 
 Homans, J. Smith, editor of (1.) J. W. Gilbart's 
 Treat, on Banking, N. York, 1851, Svo; Phila., 1854, Svo; 
 2. W. J. Lawson's Hist, of Banking; with addits., Bost., 
 1852, Svo; 3. The Banker's Magazine and Statistical 
 Register, New York ; vol. x. pub. in 1856. 4. In conjunc 
 tion with J. Smith Homans, Jr., A Cyclopedia of Commerce 
 and Commercial Navigation, N.Y., 1858, r. 8vo, pp. 2000, 
 double columns. By far the best work on the subject. 
 
 Homans, J. Smith, Jr. A Historical and Statistical 
 Account of the Foreign Commerce of the United 'States. 
 See HOMANS, J. SMITH. 
 
 Home. Select Views in Mysore; with Hist. Descrip 
 tions, Lon., 1794, r. 4to. 
 
 Home, Alexander. Decis. of the Ct of Session 
 from Nov., 1735, Edin., 1757, fol. 
 
 Home, Charles. A new Chronological Abridgt. of 
 the Hist, of Eng., Lon., 1791, Svo. A work of merit, but 
 with many erroneous dates. 
 Home, or Hume, David. See HUME. 
 Home, Sir Everard, Bart., President Royal Coll. 
 of Surgeons, 1756-1832, a native of Greenlaw Castle, 
 county of Berwick, Scotland, studied medicine with his 
 brother-in-law, the celebrated John Hunter, and practised 
 in London with great success for more than five years. 
 Among his contributions to medical literature are Observa 
 tions on the Treatment of Ulcers on the Legs, 1797 ; On 
 Cancer, 1805 ; On Strictures of the Urethra, <fcc.,' 3 volg. 
 8vo ; on the Prostate Gland, 2 vols. Svo ; many papers 
 in Phil. Trans., Nic. Jour., and other periodicals ; and the 
 following great work : Lects. on Comparative Anatomy, 
 &c., 1814-28, 6 vols. r. 4to, 361 plates, 18 18. ; large 
 paper, r. 4to, 27 6. 
 
 "The six volumes taken together are filled with researches that 
 were begun at seventeen, and have been uninterruptedly con- 
 
HOM 
 
 tinned to seventy, a period of fifty-five years. It is to the late 
 John Hunter I owe the love of the pursuit ; and his example, both 
 of application and the mode of investigation, I have never lost 
 sight of. To him I am indebted for the rich stores which he 
 placed before me, which it has been the height of my ambition to 
 increase." Authors Preface. 
 
 Official investigations have left no doubt remaining 
 that Sir Everard did, indeed, " owe to the late John Hun 
 ter" more than was generally supposed. 
 
 A biographical notice of Sir Everard will be found in 
 Lon. Gent. Mag., Oct. 1832. 
 
 Home, Francis, M.D., Prof, of Materia Medica in 
 the Univ. of Edinburgh, pub. Principia Medicina, Edin., 
 1758, '70, 'S3, Svo; Med. Facts and Experiments, Edin. 
 and Lon., 1759, 8vo; in German, Altenb., 1768, Svo; in 
 French, Par., 1773, 12mo; several other profess. Ac. 
 works ; and The Principles of Agricult. and Vegetation, 
 Lou, 1757, '58, '62, 8vo. 
 
 "The first regular attempt to put agriculture on scientific 
 grounds." Donaldson's Agricult. Bing. 
 
 Home, Henry, Lord Kames, 1696-1782, a native 
 of the county of Berwick, Scotland, was for some time a 
 writer to the Signet, was called to the Bar in 1724, made 
 a Judge of the Court of Session in 1752, when, according 
 to custom, he took the title of Lord Kames; appointed 
 one of the Lofds of Justiciary in 1763. He cultivated 
 the large estate of Blair-Drummond, in Perthshire, of 
 which he became possessed in right of his wife. Lord 
 Kames was noted for great public spirit; and his cheer 
 fulness of temper, combined with a vast amount of infor 
 mation on literary, political, and agricultural topics, made 
 him a general favourite in society. The reader will be 
 greatly interested in A. F. Tytler's (Lord Woodhouselee) 
 Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the Hon. Henry 
 Home, of Kauies; with a Supp., Edin., 1807-10, 2 vols. 
 4to; Lon., 1814, 3 vols. 8vo. His life was also pub. by 
 Wm. Smellie : (see GREGORY, JOHN, p. 737.) 1. Remark 
 able Decisions in the Ct. of Session, 1716-28, fol., Edin., 
 1728. 2. Essays on several Subjects in Law, 1732, 8vo. 
 3. Diet, of the Decisions of the Ct. of Session, 1741, 2 vols. 
 fol. With continuation by Lord Woodhouselee and T. 
 Macgrugar; whole work, 1741-1804, 5 vols, fol. Now 
 superseded by the Diet, of W. M. Morison, 1808-18, 42 
 vols. 4to, and Supp. by M. P. Brown, 1823-26, 5 vols. 4to, 
 and the Synopsis by M. P. Brown, 1829, 4 vols. 4 to. 4. 
 Essays upon several subjects concerning Brit. Antiquities, 
 1747, '49, 8vo; 1763, 12mo. 5. Essay on the Principles 
 of Morality and Natural Religion, 1751, 8vo. This work 
 elicited a warm controversy : 
 
 "It was with difficulty that the great influence of the author 
 prevented this being censured by the Church of Scotland. In 
 the subsequent editions the offensive passages were removed." 
 
 6. Principles of the Law of Scotland, 1754, 2 vols. Svo. 
 7. The Statute Law of Scotland Abridged ; with Hist. 
 Notes, 1757, '79, 8vo. 
 
 " Kames's Abridgment of the Statute Law of England is the 
 test work of the kind, because he was far more fit for such a task 
 than any other who ever undertook it; yet it is full of imperfec 
 tions, which seem necessarily incident to all works of the kind." 
 New Edin. Kev., i. 24, 1761. 
 
 8. Historical Law Tracts, 1758, Svo; 2d ed., 1761, Svo; 
 4th ed., enlarged, 1792, Svo. 
 
 "The Historical Law Tracts of Lord Kames are conducted upon 
 a very judicious system of investigating the natural principles of 
 some of the most important objects of judicial science, and tracing 
 the application of them in the Laws of Rome, of Scotland, and of 
 England; but a comparison between the Laws of Scotland and 
 England, conducted, 1 think, with great fairness, is apparently the 
 leading object of the undertaking." 1 Evans's Poth. Intro. 58. 
 
 9. Principles of Equity, 1760, '67, fol.; 3d ed., 1778, 
 2 vols. Svo; 1788, 1800, Svo; 1825, Svo. Kames's defini 
 tion of Equity has been confuted by Blackstone in his 
 Comment., q.v. : see also Warren's Law Studies, ed. 1845, 
 292 ; 15 Ainer. Jur. 366; 1 Mad. Ch., Pref., 14; Marvin's 
 Leg. Bibl., 394. 10. Introduc. to the Art of Thinking, 
 1761; 3d ed., enlarged, 1775, 12mo : often reprinted. 
 11. Letters from a Blacksmith to the Ministers and 
 Elders of the Church of Scotland, 1761. 12. Elements 
 of Criticism, Lon., 1762, 3 vols. Svo; 1763, 3 vols. Svo; 
 1769, 2 vols.; 5th ed., Edin., 1774, 2 vols. Svo; 6th 
 ed., 1785, 2 vols. Svo; 7th ed., 1788, 2 vols. Svo; Basil, 
 1795, 3 vols. Svo; Lon., 1817, 2 vols. 8vo; llth ed., 1840, 
 8vo ; abridged by A. Jamieson, 1823, 12mo. Amer. eds 
 by A. Mills, 1849, <tc. j by Rev. J. R. Boyd, 1S55, r. 
 12mo. 
 
 "Da. JOHNSON. < Sir, this book is a pretty essay, and deserves 
 to be held in some estimation, though much of it is chimerical 
 The Sotchman has taken the right method in his Elements of 
 Criticism. I do not mean that he has taught us any thing; but 
 he has told us old things in a new way.' 
 
 " MURPH v. < He seems to have read a great deal of French oriti- 
 872 
 
 HOM 
 
 cism. and makes it his own ; as if he had been for years anatomiz 
 ing the heart of in:m and peeping into every cranny of it.' 
 
 ' GOLDSMITH. ' 1 1 is easier to write that book than to read it.' " 
 BoswdVs Life, of Johnson. 
 
 "The Elements of Criticism, considered as the first systematical 
 attempt to investigate the metaphysical principles of the tine arts, 
 possesses, in spite of its numerous defects both in point of taste 
 and of philosophy, infinite merits, and will ever be regarded as a 
 literary wonder by those who know how small a portion of his 
 time it was possible for the author to allot to the composition of 
 it, amidst the imperious and multifarious duties of a most active 
 and useful life." DUGALD STEWART : 1st. Prelim. Dissert. Encyc. 
 Brit. 
 
 ''His great work. The Elements of Criticism, is truly an ori 
 ginal performance, and which, discarding all arbitrary rules of 
 literary composition derived from authority, establishes a new 
 theory upon the principles of human nature." DK. HUES. 
 
 And see Blackw. Mag., xxv. 539; xxx. 94; xxxvii. 700. 
 13. Remarkable Decisions of the Ct. of Session, 1730- 
 52, Edin., 1766, fol. 14. Antiquity of the Bug. Consti 
 tution, 1768, 8vo. 15. Sketches of the Hist, of Man, 1774, 
 2 vols. 4to. Enlarged, 1778, 4 vols. Svo; Dubl., 1779, 2 
 vols. Svo; Edin., 1788, 4 vols. Svo. Also at Basil in 4 
 vols. Svo. 
 
 ' ; A highly curious collection of arranged facts; in the main 
 rather disquisitional and theoretic than historical." CKAIK. 
 
 16. The Gentleman Farmer, Edin., 1776, Svo; 5th ed., 
 1802, Svo. 
 
 " The book, however, possesses much merit, and shows a large 
 progress being made on agricultural subjects." Donaldson's Agri- 
 cult, liiog. 
 
 17. Elucidations respecting the Commer. and Statute 
 Law of Scotland, 1777, Svo; 1800, Svo. 
 
 " His extreme inaccuracy in what he ventures to state, with 
 respect both to the ancient Common Law and the modern English 
 Law. tends not a little to shake the credit of his representations 
 of all law whatever." See Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 395; 1 Dow, 164; 
 2 Hagg. Const. Rep.. 92. 
 
 18. Select Decisions of the Ct, of Session, 1752-68, fol., 
 1780. 19. Loose Hints on Education, 1781, Svo. Enlarged, 
 1782, Svo. In addition to authorities cited above, see 
 Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scots 
 men, 1855, vol. iii. ; Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors; do. 
 on the Literary Character; Blair's Lects. on Rhetoric and 
 Belles-Lettres*; Story's Equity Jurisp., ed. 1853, i. 18, n. ; 
 Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, ed. 1854, iii. 94; Cockburn's 
 Memorials of his Time, 1856. 
 
 Home, James, Advocate. The Scripture Hist, of 
 the Jews and their Republic, Lon., 1737, 2 vols. Svo. An 
 excellent work. Recommended by Bishop Tomline, in hia 
 Elements of Christian Theology. 
 
 Home, John, 1724-1808, the author of Douglas, was 
 a native of Ancrum, Roxburghshire, Scotland, educated at 
 the University of Edinburgh, and licensed to preach in 
 the Church of Scotland in 1747. In December, 1756, his 
 (1.) Tragedy of Douglas was presented at the theatre in the 
 Canongate, Edinburgh. 
 
 " It was received with enthusiastic applause, and, in the conclu 
 sion, drew forth many tears, which were perhaps a more unequi 
 vocal testimony to its merits. The town was in an uproar of ex 
 ultation that a Scotsman should write a tragedy of the first rate, 
 and that its merits were first submitted to them." 
 
 But the successful author was soon reminded that he 
 was exercising his genius in a forbidden field; and he 
 found it expedient to anticipate his expected degradation 
 from the ministerial office by abdicating his pulpit, which 
 he did in June, 1757. It is perhaps worthy of notice that 
 the representation of Douglas elicited Dr. Witherspoon's 
 Serious Inquiry into the Nature and Effects of the Stage. 
 Mr. Home now found a powerful patron in Lord Bute, who 
 procured him a pension of 300, and the sinecure office of 
 Conservator of the Scotch Privileges at Campvere, in Zea 
 land, which doubled this income. Home had some early 
 military experience as a volunteer against the Pretender in 
 1745, and in 1788 he received a captain's commission, which 
 he held until the peace, in the Duke of Buccleugh's regiment 
 of militia, the Fencibles. In March, 1757, against the 
 judgment of Garrick, Douglas was produced at Covent- 
 Garden, and soon attained that popularity which it haa 
 since enjoyed. The latter part of the author's life was 
 passed at East Lothian and in the city of Edinburgh, 
 where he played the hospitable landlord until his death 
 in 1808, at the advanced age of 86. He was the author 
 of five Tragedies, in addition to Douglas, (pub., Lon., 
 1757, Svo;) viz.: 2. Agis, 1758, Svo; 3. The Siege of 
 Aquileia, 1760, Svo; 4. The Fatal Discovery, 1769, Svo; 
 5. Alonzo, 1773, Svo; 6. Alfred, 1778, Svo. Home's 
 Dramatic Works were pub. in 1760, 12mo, and at Edin., 
 1798, 2 vols. 12mo. These plays cannot compare with 
 Douglas. 
 
 " Home's other tragedies are all very indifferent, most of them 
 quite bad. Mr. Mackenzie should not have disturbed their slum 
 bers." JOHN WILSON : Noctes Ambrosiance, April, 1822. 
 
HOM 
 
 HON 
 
 "It may, perhaps, seem strange that the author, in his preced 
 ing tragedy of Agis, and in his subsequent dramatic efforts, so far 
 from attaining similar excellence, never even approached to the 
 success of Douglas; yet good reasons can be assigned for his 
 failure, without imputing it, during his best years at least, to a 
 decay of genius." SIR WALTER SCOTT: Life and Works of John 
 Home, Lon. Quar. ffeo., June, 1827 ; and in Scott's Prose Works, q.v. 
 
 This article is a review of the Works of John Home, Esq., 
 now first collected, to which is prefixed an account of his 
 Life and Writings, by Henry Mackenzie, Edin., 1822, 3 
 vols. 8vo. To this work we refer the reader for further 
 particulars connected with the biography and literary 
 labours of our author. See also Nodes Ainbrosianae, 
 April, 1822. 
 
 Home also pub. the History of the Kebellion in 1745, 
 4to, 1802, which we shall notice hereafter. The merits of 
 Douglas, notwithstanding the assertion of Dr. Johnson 
 " that there were not ten good lines in the whole play," 
 have been repeatedly acknowledged by the most compe 
 tent critics. That this laudation has been sometimes car 
 ried to a ridiculous excess can hardly be questioned ; as, 
 for instance, in the eulogy of David Hume, the historian, 
 who, in his Four Dissertations addressed to Home, com 
 pliments him as the possessor of 
 
 "The true theatric genius of Sbakspeare and Otway; refined 
 from the unhappy barbarism of the one and licentiousness of the 
 other." 
 
 Here doubtless the Scotsman speaks as well as the critic, 
 and patriotic enthusiasm must not surprise us when warmed 
 with a theme so congenial and so flattering : , 
 
 "The genius of Home was national; and so, too, was the subject 
 of his justly famous Tragedy of Peuglas. He had studied the old 
 Ballads; their simplicities were sweet to him as wall-flowers on 
 ruins. On the story of Gill Moricc, who was an Earl's son, he 
 founded the Tragedy which surely no Scottish eyes ever witnessed 
 without tears." JOHN WILSON : Recreations of Christopher North : 
 An Hour's Talk about Poetry. 
 
 " I think nobody can bestow too much praise on Douglas. There 
 has been no English tragedy worthy of the name since it ap 
 peared." Ibid. : Noctes Ambrosiance, April, 1822. 
 
 Whilst this perhaps appears somewhat extravagant, yet 
 one of the best parts of this play is commended by two 
 eminent modern critics in terms quite as eulogistic : 
 
 "We agree with Mr. Mackenzie, that the chief scene between 
 Lady Randolph and Old Norval, in which the preservation and 
 existence of Douglas is discovered, has no equal in modern, and 
 scarcely a superior in the ancient, drama. It is certainly one of 
 the most effective which the English stage has to boast; and we 
 learn with pleasure, but without surprise, that, though many other 
 parts of the play were altered before its representation, we have 
 this master-piece exactly as it was thrown off in the original sketch. 
 ' Thus it is,' says the accomplished editor, ' that the fervid creation 
 of genius and fancy strikes out what is so excellent as well as 
 vivid as not to admit of amendment, and which, indeed, correc 
 tion would spoil instead of improving.' This is the true inspira 
 tion of the poet, which gives to criticism, instead of borrowing 
 from it, its model and rule, and which, it is possible, in some diffi 
 dent authors, the terrors of critics may have weakened or extin 
 guished. 
 
 ' The memory of Mr. Home, as an author, depends, in England, 
 almost entirely upon the tragedy of Douglas, which not only re 
 tains the most indisputable possession of the stage, but produces 
 a stronger effect on the feelings of the audience, when the parts of 
 Douglas and Lady Randolph are well filled, than almost any tra 
 gedy since the days of Otway. . . . The language of the piece is 
 beautiful. ' Mrs.Siddons told me,' says the editor, [Mr. Mackenzie,] 
 that she never found any study' (which, in the technical language 
 of the stage, means the getting verses by heart) ' so easy as that 
 of Douglas, which is one of the best criterions of excellence in the 
 dramatic style.' " SIR WALTER SCOTT : Life and Works of John 
 Some, ubi supra. ( 
 
 Home's History of the Rebellion in 1745 to which we 
 promised to return gave great dissatisfaction^ not only 
 as regarded its literary character, but in its deficiency in 
 historical accuracy : 
 
 " Since Mr. Home did assume the pen on the subject of the 
 Forty-five, no consideration whatever ought to have made him 
 depart from the truth, or shrink from exposing the cruelties 
 practised, as Mr. Mackenzie delicately expresses it, by some sub 
 ordinate officers, or from execrating the impolitic and ungenerous 
 use of the victory of Culloden in which the Duke of Cumberland 
 was somewhat implicated. Mr. Home ought either never to have 
 written his history, or to have written it without clogging him 
 self with the dedication to the sovereign. . . . The disappointed 
 public of Scotland, to which the history should have been most 
 interesting, was clamorous in its disapprobation. They complained 
 of suppressed information and servile corrections. . . . The history 
 is, nevertheless, so far as it goes, a fair and candid one for the 
 writer, though, by the manner in which he had fettered himself, 
 he was debarred from speaking the whole truth, yet was incapable 
 of speaking any thing but the truth." SIR WALTER SCOTT : ubi 
 supra. 
 
 "Any account of that brilliant episode in our history must 
 needs be full of interest, and Home, being concerned so far him 
 self, has preserved a number of picturesque enough anecdotes; 
 but, on the whole, the book wants vigour, and it is full of quiz- 
 zibles. What can be more absurd than his giving us more pages 
 about the escape of two or three Whig students of Divinity from 
 the Castle of Doune than he spends upon all the wild wanderings 
 
 of the unfortunate Chevalier?" JOHN WILSON: Nodes Ambro 
 siance. April, 1822. 
 
 Yet Home's History must by no means be neglected by 
 the historical student: 
 
 "The work of Home was not entirely such as we might have 
 expected from one who was not only an actor in the scene, but 
 the author of a tragedy like Douglas, elegant enough to have 
 pleased on the French stage, and yet affecting enough to succeed 
 on ours. The History of the Rebellion was a work which had 
 been meditated so long, that it was delivered to the world too 
 late, when the writer was no longer what he once was. But I 
 recommend it to your perusal, because it has all the marks of 
 authenticity, possesses, I think, more merit than is generally 
 supposed. treats of a very remarkable event in our history, and 
 is, after all, entertaining, and not long." Prof. Smyth's Lects. on 
 Mod. Hist. 
 
 In addition to authorities above cited, see Biog. Dramat. ; 
 Boswell's Life of Johnson ; Stewart's Life of Robertson. 
 
 Home, John. The Unfortunate Englishmen ; or, A 
 Narrative of John Cockburn, Ac., Leith, 1817, 8vo. 
 
 Home, Robert. Surgical con. to Phil. Trans., 1758. 
 
 Home, Robert. Efficacy of Solvents, &c., Lon., 
 1783, 8vo. 
 
 Homer, Rev. Henry, 1752-1791, an eminent clas 
 sical scholar, educated at and Fellow of Emanuel College, 
 Cambridge, pub. an Essay upon the Inclosure of Common 
 Fields, Lon., 1766, Svo; an Inquiry rel. to Public Roads, 
 Oxf., 1767, 8vo ; and edited several Latin authors, the 
 best-known of which is the Entire Works of Horace, Lon., 
 1792, 2 vols. 4to, the joint production of Mr. Homer and 
 Dr. Combe; pub. at 6 6. This beautiful work has been 
 already noticed : see COMBE, CHARLES, M.D. ; Dibdin's 
 Greek and Latin Classics ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ; Lon. 
 Gent. Mag., vols. Ixxvi., Ixxx. ; Brit. Critic, vol. iii. j Dr. 
 Parr's Remarks on the Statement of Dr. Charles Combe, 
 1795, 8vo. 
 
 The text of Combe and Homes's ed. of Horace is formed 
 on the basis of Gesner's ed., and the work is enriched by a 
 collation of the editio princepa in the Royal Library, and 
 seven Harleian MSS. The notes are taken principally 
 from Cruquius, Lambinus, Torrentius, Sanadon, Bentley, 
 Cunningham, Baxter, Gesner, Klotzius, Janus, Waddelus, 
 Wakefield, <fcc. As regards the physique of the work, it 
 is to be commended for the brightness of the paper, the 
 amplitude of the margin, and the beauty of the type. 
 
 Homer, Rev. Philip Brucebrige. Anthologia; 
 or, A Collection of Flowers, in blank verse, Lon., 1789, 4to. 
 
 Homer, Wm., perhaps fictitious. Old Englishman's 
 Letters for the Poor of Old England, Lon., 1758, 8vo. 
 
 Homes, or Holmes, Nathaniel, D.D., a Fifth- 
 Monarchy divine, ejected from the living of St. Mary 
 Staining, London, for Non-conformity, 1662, d. 1679, pub. 
 a number of theological works, of which the best-known 
 is The Resurrection Revealed, Lon., 1654, fol. This bears 
 the imprimatur of Joseph Caryl, and a commendatory 
 Preface by Peter Sterry. In 1661, fol., Holmes pub. Ten 
 Excercitations in Vindication of the Resurrection Re 
 vealed. A new ed. of these vols., compressed into one, 
 with the repetitious and extraneous matter omitted, edited 
 by the Rev. J. W. Brooks, was pub. in 1833, Svo. Thomas 
 Hall pub. a Confutation of the Millenarian Opinion, in 
 reply to Dr. Holmes, in 1657, 12mo. Sixteen of Holmes's 
 theolog. treatises were pub. in a fol. vol. in 1652, and the 
 same, with a new title, in 1669. See Athen. Oxon. for an 
 account of this author and his works. Holmes's work on 
 the Resurrection is by no means to be neglected by the 
 Biblical student. We have seen that he advocates the 
 doctrine of an earthly millennium. 
 
 " This is far from being a contemptible book, though the author 
 ranked among the visionaries of his time. . . . The learning of 
 the author was evidently extensive, and his knowledge of the 
 Scriptures, particularly of the prophecies, very considerable. A 
 great deal of discussion respecting the meaning of many difficult 
 passages occurs in the book, which will sometimes, perhaps, 
 amuse, but may very often instruct, the reader. He is far from 
 being so carnal in his views as his leading sentiment would pre 
 pare us to expect." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 "The manner of handling this subject in this book appears to 
 be with piety, judgment, and variety : it is, In one, a well-grown 
 orchard and a nursery of truths." PETER STERRY. 
 
 ' I conceive that the church of God hath not hitherto seen this 
 great point so clearly stated, so largely discussed, so strongly con 
 firmed, not only by the testimony of ancient and modern writers 
 of all sorts, but by the Holy Scriptures throughout, as is presented 
 in this book." JOSEPH CAIIYL : Author of the Expos, on Job. 
 
 Homes, Wm, 1663-1746, minister of Martha's Vine 
 yard, Mass., a native of Ireland, pub. four serins., 1732, 
 '47, <tc. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. 
 
 Honan, M. B. 1. Court and Camp of Don Carlos ; a 
 Tour, Lon., p. Svo. 
 
 " Mr. Honan's able and well-informed work." Blackw. Mag. t 
 xli. 576; q.v. 
 
 873 
 
HON 
 
 HOO 
 
 2. Personal Adventures of our Own Correspondent in 
 Italy, 1852, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 Hone, Rev. J. F. Comments on the Epistles, Oxf., 
 1849, fp. 8vo. 
 
 Hone, Richard, Archdeacon and Hon. Canon of 
 Worcester, and vicar of Hales-Owen, Shropshire. Lives 
 of Eminent Christians, Lon., 1834-43, 4 vols. fp. 8vo. 
 
 Hone, William, d. 1842, aged 63, a native of Bath, 
 for many years a publisher and bookseller in London, and 
 latterly an Independent minister at Weigh-house Chapel, 
 Eastcheap, pub. some profane parodies, The Apocryphal 
 New Testament, and a number of other works, of which 
 the Every-Day Book, 1826, The Table-Book, 1827-28, and 
 The Year-Book, 1829, are the best known. His Apocry- 
 
 ?hal New Testament (for an account of which, see Home's 
 otroduction to the Study of the Scriptures, and the Lon. 
 Quar. Rev., vols. xxv. and xxx.) was pub. in 1820, 8voj 
 2d ed., 1821, 8vo; his Ancient Mysteries, in 1823, 8vo ; and 
 his own account of his Early Life and Conversion, in 1841, 
 8vo. Of his political pieces, which were numerous, the 
 Batire entitled The Political House that Jack Built was 
 the most popular, and went through no less than fifty edits. 
 He also edited an edit, of Strutt's Sports and Pastimes. 
 See an account of his life and literary labours in Lon. 
 Gent. Mag., January, 1843. The Every-Day Book, The 
 Table-Book, and The Year-Book, of which there have 
 been several edits., the last in 1857, 4 vols. 8vo, 730 
 wood-cuts, cannot be too highly commended. Sir Walter 
 Scott, Lamb, who contributed some of the contents, 
 Southey, and John Wilson, Horace Smith and others, all 
 unite in their praise : 
 
 " Reader, did you ever see Hone's Every-Day Book ? You can 
 not do better than buy it directly You will meet with . . . 
 
 spirit-stirring descriptions of old customs, delightful wood-cuts of 
 old buildings, as well as many a fine secret learned among the 
 woods and fields, and whispered by the ' seasons' difference.' ... He 
 has deserved well of the naturalist, the antiquarian, and the poet, 
 by his Every-Day and also by his Table-Book." CHRISTOPHER 
 NORTH : Blackwood's Mag., xxvii. 259. 
 
 " By-the-by, I have bought Hone's Every-Day Book and his 
 Table-Book, and am sorry I had not seen them before my colloquies 
 were printed, that I might have given him a good word there. I 
 have not seen any miscellaneous books that are so well worth 
 having; brimful of curious matter, and with an abundance of the 
 very best wood-cuts." ROBERT SOUTHEY : Letter to Henry Taylor : 
 Soutfiey's Life and Corresp. 
 
 Mr. Southey remarks, on another occasion : 
 " I may take the opportunity of recommending the Every-Day 
 Book and Table-Book to those who are interested in the preserva 
 tion of our national and local customs : by these very curious pub 
 lications their compiler has rendered good service in an important 
 department of literature." 
 
 " These Every-Day and Table-Books will be a treasure a hundred 
 years hence; but they have failed to make Hone's fortune. . . . 
 " I like you and your book, ingenious Hone, 
 In whose capacious, all-embracing leaves 
 The very marrow of tradition's shown, 
 
 And all that History much that Fiction weaves. 
 By every sort of taste your work is graced; 
 
 Vast stores of modern anecdote we find, 
 "With good old story quaintly interlaced : 
 The theme as various as the reader's mind. 
 "Dan Phoebus loves your book: trust me, friend Hone; 
 
 The title, only errs, he bids me say ; 
 For, while such art, wit, reading, there are shown, 
 He swears, 'tis not a work of every day." 
 
 CHARLES LAMB. 
 
 Honey wood, St. John, 1765-1798, a native of Lei 
 cester, Mass., educated at Yale College, removed to Sche- 
 nectady, New York, in 1785, and taught school there for 
 two years. In 1787 he commenced the study of the law, 
 in Albany, and, on being admitted to the bar, removed to 
 Salem, in the same State, where he remained until his 
 death. A vol. of his writings chiefly political poems 
 was pub. in New York, in 1801, under the editorial super 
 vision of the gentleman who married his widow. Speci 
 mens of his compositions, which are thought to possess 
 some merit, will be found in Griswold's Poets and Poetry 
 of America, and in Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. 
 
 Honibalt, Thomas. Time Calendar, 1815, 4to. 
 
 Honyman, Andrew, Bishop of Orkney. 1. Survey 
 of the Libel of Naphtali, Edin., 1668, 2 Pts. 4to. 2. Bou- 
 rignonism Displayed, Aberd., 1710, 8vo. Anon. 
 
 Honywood, Sir Robert, Knt. Trans, of Nauni's 
 Hist, of the Affairs of Europe, Lon., 1673, fol. 
 
 Hood, Viscountess. Sketches of Scripture Female 
 Character, Oxf., 1854, fp. 8vo. 
 
 Hood, Catherine. Poems, Lon., 1801, 12mo. 
 
 Hood, Charles. Practical Treatise on Warming 
 Ventilation, &c., Lon., 1837, 8vo; 2d ed., 1844, 8vo; 3d 
 ed., 1855, 8vo. 
 874 
 
 Hood, Edwin Paxton, has pub. a number of works 
 within the last few years, of which the last just issued 
 is entitled William Wordsworth ; a Biography, Lon., 1856. 
 See Lon. Athenseum, Aug. 30, 1856, p. 1085. 
 
 Hood, George. Hist, of Music in New England, 
 Bost., 1846, 18mo. A work of value, containing specimens 
 of the writers noticed. 
 
 Hood, John, 1720-1783, a land-surveyor, a native of 
 Moyle, county Donegal, Ireland, author of a Treatise on 
 Land-Surveying, with Tables of Difference of Latitude 
 and Departure, <fec., Dubl., 1772 ; also inventor of a sur 
 veying instrument called Hood's Compass Theodolite, 
 which is the basis of the instrument still in use in Europe 
 and America. Before the announcement of the discovery 
 of Hadley's Quadrant, he had formed a modern instrument 
 on the principle of Hadley's, but delayed presenting it to 
 the public until anticipated by the latter. 
 
 Hood, Nathaniel, Lt., R.A. 1. Elements of War, 
 Lon., 1803, 12rno. 2. The New Military Finance, 1804, 
 12mo. 
 
 Hood, Peter, Surgeon. Observations on Diseases 
 most fatal to Children, Lon., 1845, p. 8vo. 
 
 " We believe that all classes of the profession may refer to this 
 work with nearly equal advantage." Lon. Medical Gazette. 
 
 " This work is a purely practical one, and the whole of it is a 
 valuable contribution to our knowledge." Edin. Medical Gazette. 
 
 Hood, Robert. 1. Serm., 1781, 8vo. 2. 14 Serms., 
 New Castle, 1782, 8vo; Lon., 1783, 8vo. 
 
 " Plain, sensible, pious, and practical." ion. Month. Rev. 
 
 Hood, Samuel. Analytic Physiology, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Hood, Samuel, a grandson of John Hood, (ante,) 
 and also a native of Moyle, county Donegal, Ireland, emi 
 grated to Philadelphia in 1826, and became a member of 
 the bar of that city. 1. A Practical Treatise on the Law 
 of Decedents in Pennsylvania, Phila., 1847, 8vo, pp. 596. 
 
 " The work is prepared with great care and ability. No Penn 
 sylvania lawyer should neglect to purchase it : it contains a mass 
 of useful knowledge to be attained nowhere else." JUDGE ELLIS 
 LEWIS, Associate-Justice of the Supreme Court of Fenna. 
 
 2. A Brief Account of the Society of the Friendly Sons 
 of St. Patrick ; prepared for the Hibernian Society of Phila., 
 1844, 8vo. Mr. Hood has contributed a number of papers 
 to the American Quarterly Review and other periodicals. 
 
 Hood, Thomas, pub. a number of works on the Use 
 of the Globes, Astronomy, Geometry, Navigation, Arith 
 metic, and Mathemat. Instruments, Lon., 1590-98. 
 
 Hood, Thomas, 1798-1845, the famous humourist, 
 has given so graphic a portrait of himself in his Literary 
 Reminiscences, pub. in Hood's Own, that it would be a 
 dangerous attempt to take the pencil out of his hands, 
 Suffice it to say that he was born in London, and a son of 
 the well-known publisher of the firm of Vernor & Hood, 
 was early placed "upon lofty stool at lofty desk" in a 
 merchant's counting-house, subsequently became an ap 
 prentice at the engraving business, and finally adopted 
 the anxious life and depended upon the uncertain gains 
 of a London man-of-letters at large. In 1821 he became 
 sub-editor of the London Magazine, was subsequently a 
 contributor to Punch, editor of the New Monthly Maga 
 zine, and for one year editor of The Gem. 
 
 1. Odes and Addresses to Great People, 12mo. Written 
 in conjunction with his brother-in-law, Mr. J.H.Reynolds. 
 2. Whims and Oddities, 12mo. New ed., 1854, 12mo. 
 This was very popular. 3. National Tales, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " SHEPHERD : ' What for did ye no send me out to Altrive Hood's 
 National Tales ? Yon Whims and Oddities of his were maist in 
 genious and divertin'. Are the National Tales gude?' NORTH: 
 ' Some of them are excellent, and few are without the impress of 
 originality.' " Noctes Ambrosiance, April, 1827. 
 
 Dr. Mackenzie's comment on the above is : 
 
 " Hood's National Tales were such as many men with inferior 
 ability might readily have written." Ed. Noctes Amln-osiance, N. 
 York, 1855, ii. 363. 
 
 The public were of this mind, for certainly the Tales 
 were never popular. Hood was not in his vein. 4. The 
 Plea of the Midsummer Fairies; and other Poems, 1828, 
 p. 8vo. The first-named of these is the longest of Hood's 
 poems. 5. The Comic Annual, pub. 1830-42. 
 
 " For the thirteenth time the master-spirit of modern whim and 
 drollery offereth his hand to the public ; and never surely did 
 Frolic proffer a merry greeting to his million friends better timed." 
 Lon. AthencBum ; Notice of the Comic Annnalfor 1842. 
 
 " Hood's Comic Annual contains more wit, more fun and hu 
 mour, than any work that has been published for many a long 
 day." Lon. Post. 
 
 Some of the articles in the Comic Annuals were subse 
 quently reproduced, and pub. with the additional new 
 matter, as Hood's Own. 6. Hood's Own Complete, 1839, 8vo. 
 New ed., 1846, 8vo. 7. Tylney Hall; a Novel, 1834, 3 
 vols. New eds. in 1840 and '49. Neither this novel, 
 nor the incomplete tale entitled Our Family, added any 
 
HOO 
 
 HOO 
 
 thing to Hood's literary reputation. 8. Up the Rhine ; 2c 
 ed., 1840, cr. 8vo. This is a satire on the manners of 
 English travellers. 9. Whimsicalities: a Periodical Ga 
 thering, 1844, fp. 8vo. This collection contains many 
 articles originally pub. in the New Monthly Magazine. 
 
 " In this work are some of Mr. Hood's best efforts; things thai 
 will make the thoughtful wiser, and the unthinking merrier." 
 
 10. Hood's Comic Album, in Prose and Verse,1844,12mo 
 11. The Dream, of Eugene Aram. New ed., 1845, 12mo 
 This graphic poem perhaps, next to the Song of the Shirt, 
 the most popular of Hood's productions originally ap 
 peared in the Gem for 1829. 12. Poems; 2d ed., 1846, fp 
 8vo; 1851, 12mo; 5th ed., 1852, 12mo; 1854, 12mo. 13 
 Poems of Wit and Humour, 1847, 12mo ; 3d ed., 1851, 12mo 
 1854, 12mo. The Song of the Shirt, which has elicited 
 countless imitations, and has, we trust, somewhat amelio 
 rated the condition of a most deserving class of operatives 
 was the author's latest production of any importance, and 
 originally appeared in Punch in 1844. In addition to the 
 many literary labours just recorded, we must not forget to 
 notice the monthly magazine established by our author, 
 bearing his own name, Hood's Comic Miscellany. Aboul 
 a year before his death, a pension of 100 per annum was 
 granted by Government to his wife, and a subscription was 
 raised shortly after his demise for the benefit of his widow 
 and his two children. A collective ed. of Hood's Choice 
 Works,!. Prose and Verse; 2. Up the Rhine; 3. Whims 
 and Oddities ; 4. Poems ; 5. Hood's Own ; 6. Whimsicali 
 ties, in 4 vols. 12mo, (also in 6 vols. 12mo,) was pub. in 
 1852, in New York, by Messrs. George P. Putnam & Co. 
 In 1855, Messrs. Phillips, Sampson & Co., of Boston, pub 
 lished a volume of more than 500 pages, containing " all 
 of Hood's poems contained in Moxon's collections of the 
 author's sentimental and humorous verses, with several 
 additions from other sources. It was the most complete 
 collection that had been made at the time of its appear 
 ance." 
 
 This collection was edited by Epes Sargent; and in 
 1856 the same gentleman edited, for the same house, 
 the Humorous Poems of Thomas Hood ; including Love 
 and Lunacy, Ballads, Tales and Legends, Odes and Ad 
 dresses to Great People, and Miscellaneous Poems, now 
 first collected. This vol., of about the same size as the 
 first, contains, besides other matter, many of Hood's con 
 tributions to the London Magazine and the New Monthly 
 Magazine during his editorial connexion with these pe 
 riodicals. An edit, of Hood's Poetical Works has also 
 been pub. by Messrs. Little, Brown, and Co., of Boston, 
 in 2 vols. ISmo, and several of his separate publications 
 have been reprinted in America. On the same day that 
 this article was prepared for the printer, (in Oct. 1856,) 
 Messrs. Little, Brown & Co. pub. two more vols. of The 
 Poetical Works of Thomas Hood, making in all 4 vols. of 
 their edit. We append their advertisement : 
 
 "This is the largest collection of Hood's Poems yet offered to 
 the public, either iu England or America." 
 
 We have but small space for quotations of opinions in 
 addition to those already cited respecting the merits of 
 this popular author; but those who desire to read more 
 about the serio-comic Hood shall not be disappointed. 
 Consult, then, Hood's Literary Reminiscences ; Biography 
 prefixed to Epes Sargent's Poetical Works of Hood, Bost., 
 1855, 12mo; Biography, in Lon. Gent. Mag., Ju]y, ( 1845; 
 Gilfillan's Second Gallery of Literary Portraits ; ' Allan 
 Cunningham's Biog. and Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of the Last 
 Fifty Years ; Moir's Poet. Lit. of the Past Half-Century ; 
 Whipple's Essays and Reviews, and his Lectures; Edin. 
 Rev., Ixxxiii. 375; Westminster Rev., xxxi. 119; Lon. 
 Month. Rev., cxii. 431 ; cxiv. 253 ; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., 
 xix. 285 ; Blackw. Mag., xxi. 45, 487 ; xxiv. 676 ; xxvii. 
 633; xli. 172 ; Dubl. Univ. Mag., xxvii. 563; Lon. Athe 
 naeum ; Lon. Literary Gazette ; Amer. Whig Rev., by F. W. 
 Shelton, iii. 481; Knickerbocker, by F. W. Shelton, xxxvi. 
 131 ; Knickerbocker, xxx. 349 ; N. York Eclec. Mag., viii. 
 289; x. 496; Boston Living Age, i. 198; ii.- 472; v. 310; 
 vi. 46, 116; xii. 540; Phila. Museum, x. 298. 
 
 " His Dream of Eugene Aram places him high among the bards 
 who deal in dark and fearful things and intimate rather than ex 
 press deeds which men shudder to hear named. Some other of 
 his poems have much tenderness, and a sense of nature, animate 
 and inanimate." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM : ubi supra. 
 
 " Hood's verse, whether serious or comic, whether serene like 
 a cloudless autumn evening, or sparkling with puns like a frosty 
 January midnight with stars, was ever pregnant with materials 
 for thought. . . . Like every author distinguished for true comic 
 humour, there was a deep vein of melancholy pathos running 
 through his mirth ; and even when his sun shone brightly, its 
 light seemed often reflected as if only over the rim of a cloud. 
 Well may we say, in the words of Tennyson, ' Would he could 
 
 . recorded of 
 
 any one in the words of Hamlet characterizing Yorick that 
 ' he was a fellow of infinite jest, of most excellent fancy.'" D. M. 
 MOIR : ubi supra. 
 
 Hood, Thomas Sutton. A Treatise on Gypsum 
 as a manure, &c., 1805, (or 1808,) 8vo. 
 
 Hood, W. Charles, M.D., Resident Physician at 
 Bethlehem Hospital, London. Suggestions for the Future 
 Provision of Criminal Lunatics, Lon., 1854, 8vo. 
 
 " Dr. Hood has written an interesting book upon a very im 
 portant subject. The statistical details which it presents are 
 drawn up with great care and industry." Lon. Med. Times and 
 Gazette. 
 
 Hoofnail, John. Practical Improvements touching 
 Colours, Lon., 1738, 8vo. 
 
 Hook, Major. His Defence against Capt. Campbell's 
 Action, 1793, Lon., 1793, 8vo. 
 
 Hook, Andrew, M.D. Prac. of Physic, Lon., 1734, 
 8ro. 
 
 Hook, James, 1746-1 82 7, a native of Norwich, organ 
 ist at St. George's Chapel, Windsor, the father of Dr. 
 James Hook and Theodore Edward Hook, was the author 
 of more than 140 musical productions, operas, dramatic 
 pieces, &c., and upwards of 2000 songs. 
 
 Hook, Mrs. James, formerly Miss Madden, wife 
 of the preceding, was the author of The Double Disguise, 
 a Musical Entertainment, Lon., 1784, 8vo. 
 
 Hook, James, LL.D., 1771-1828, eldest son of the 
 two preceding, and brother to Theodore Edward Hook, 
 was educated at St. Mary Hall, Oxford; became Arch 
 deacon of Huntingdon in 1814, Dean of Worcester in 
 1825, and held some other preferments. 1. Jack of New- 
 bury; an Opera, 1795. 2. Diamond Cut Diamond; a 
 Musical Entertainment, 1797. Neither of these were 
 printed. 3. Anguis in Herba; a true Sketch of the Ch. 
 of Eng. and her Clergy, Lon., 1802, 8vo. See Lon. Gent. 
 Mag., 72, ii. 636-642. 4. Serm., Ac., 1812, 8vo. 5. A 
 Charge, 1816, 4to. 6. Serm., 1818. See Lon. Gent. Mag., 
 79, ii. 234. 7. Pen Owen; a Novel, Edin., 1822. 8. Percy 
 Mallory ; a Novel, 1823. These novels, pub. anonymously, 
 are not without merit. A biographical sketch of Dr. Hook 
 will be found in Lon. Gent. Mag., April, 1828. 
 
 Hook, Sarah Ann. 1. The Widowed Bride, or 
 Celina; a Novel, 1802, 3 vols. 12mo. 2. Secret Machina 
 tions ; a Novel, 1804, 4 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Hook, Theodore Edward, 1788-1841, a native of 
 London, was the son of James Hook, the musical com 
 poser, and a brother of Dr. James Hook, Dean of Wor 
 cester, both of whom have already come under our notice. 
 Theodore was sent to Harrow to be educated, and had 
 there for his school-fellows Sir Robert Peel and Lord 
 Byron, with whom, however, he does not seem at that 
 time to have formed any acquaintance. He had already 
 commenced authorship ; for before his admission to Har 
 row, and whilst at school in Cambridgeshire, (being then 
 thirteen years of age,) he wrote a piece for the stage. The 
 early evidence of talent was accompanied by indications 
 of an extraordinary genius for music and great facility 
 in the composition of ballads ; and his father, whose pro 
 fession enabled him to make a profitable use of his son's 
 varied accomplishments, was early persuaded to let him 
 remain at home as a junior partner in his business. In 
 1805, Theodore made his debut as a dramatic author in 
 the Comic Opera of The Soldier's Return, and his success 
 was complete. This triumph was succeeded by one still 
 more decided, if possible, in the next year, when Liston 
 and Mathews both figured, to the unbounded delight of 
 the public, in the boy-author's musical farce of Catch 
 Him who Can. Young Theodore, now the favourite of 
 the town and the darling of the Green Room, was in that 
 dangerous position which had been foreseen by his brother, 
 the worthy clergyman, who a short time previously had 
 almost by force carried him to Oxford, had him entered as 
 a student, and in vain looked for his arrival when the 
 period had arrived for the commencement of his collegiate 
 course. For a graphic account of this portion of Hook's 
 life, and his subsequent experience, we must refer the 
 reader to his autobiographical novel of Gilbert Gurney ; 
 the Rev. Mr. Barham's Life and Remains of Theodore 
 Hook, 1849, 2 vols. p. 8vo ; 5th ed., 1853, fp. 8vo; to J. G. 
 Lockhart's article "Theodore Hook" in Lon.Quar.Rev., 
 Ixxii. 53-108, reprinted separately in Murray's Reading 
 for the Rail, 3d ed., 1852, fp. 8vo; and to the authorities 
 cited below. And now we behold Theodore fairly launched 
 upon the great sea of London life in the various capacities 
 of author, musician, singer, man of fashion, and inex- 
 aaustible inventor of practical jokes. Of the last, it may 
 )e sufficient to glance at that of the extempore surveyors, 
 
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 IIOO 
 
 and the famous Berners-Street Hoax in 1809. But it was 
 as an improvisatore that Hook shone in all bis glory, 
 and without fear of a rival. Mrs. Mathews has so graphi 
 cally described his marvellous powers in this line, that 
 we cannot do better than transcribe her account of a re 
 markable scene which took place on the occasion of a 
 dinner given by the Drury Lane Company to their pro 
 prietor, the brilliant but improvident Sheridan : 
 
 " In the course of it many persons sung, and Mr. Hook, being 
 in turn solicited, displayed, to the delight and surprise of all pre 
 sent, his wondrous talent in extemporaneous singing. The com 
 pany was numerous, and generally strangers to Mr. Hook; but, 
 without a moment's premeditation, he composed a verse upon 
 every person in the room, full of the most pointed wit, and with 
 the truest rhymes, unhesitatingly gathering into his subject, as 
 he rapidly proceeded, in addition to what had passed during the 
 dinner, every trivial incident of the moment. Every action was 
 turned to account; every circumstance the look, the gesture, or 
 any other incidental effects served as occasion for more wit; and 
 even the singer's ignorance of the names and condition of many 
 of the party seemed to give greater facility to his brilliant hits 
 than even acquaintance with them might have furnished. Mr. 
 Sheridan was astonished at his extraordinary faculty, and de 
 clared that he could not have imagined such power possible, had 
 he not witnessed it. No description, he said, could have con 
 vinced him of so peculiar an instance of genius; and he protested 
 he should not have believed it to be an unstudied effort, had he 
 not seen proof that no anticipation could have been formed of 
 what might arise to furnish matter and opportunities for the ex 
 ercise of this rare talent." Lift of Charles Mathews. 
 
 It is probable that it is to this occurrence that the au 
 thor of the biography of Hook, in the Gentleman's Maga 
 zine, alludes, when he tells us 
 
 " We remember once to have heard Mr. Hook sing a song upon 
 a company of sixty persons, each verse containing an epigram. 
 Sheridan was present, and expressed his opinion that it was one 
 of the most extraordinary exertions of human intellect that he 
 had ever witnessed." 
 
 Such brilliant powers of entertainment were quite as 
 well calculated to win the substantial favour of " the first 
 gentleman of his age" as more solid recommendations 
 would have been ; and we need not therefore be surprised 
 that, through the patronage of the Regent, the sparkling 
 wit and irresistible punster was in 1812 appointed to the 
 dignified office of Accomptant-General and Treasurer to 
 the Colony of the Mauritius, worth some 2000 per annum. 
 Hook seems to have passed his time for five years very 
 pleasantly in his new home, " drinking his wine and 
 munching his fruit" during the day, and passing every 
 evening at the balls, in which the gay society of the place 
 indulged to their hearts' content. But a melancholy page 
 in his history was now close at hand. In 1818 his ac 
 counts were examined, and a defalcation discovered of 
 (as was first alleged) about 20,000, but which was subse 
 quently (in 1823) reported by the Audit Board to be 
 12,000. The unhappy treasurer was suddenly dragged 
 from supper-table to prison, and shortly afterwards sent 
 home on account of "something wrong in the chest," he 
 told an inquiring friend, ignorant of the true state of 
 affairs to London, under charge of a military guard. We 
 have no time nor space to linger over the details of this 
 unpleasant episode in Hook's life; but we suppose it to 
 be now generally agreed that his only culpability a 
 serious one, to-be-sure in this unfortunate affair was his 
 lack of attention to his official duties. If, as we are as- 
 cured, "during the five years that he remained on the 
 island, Hook never visited his office, for the purpose of 
 business, five times," we can readily believe that his sub 
 ordinates paid more regard to the large cash receipts of 
 the office ; and the suicide of one of them who, it is true, 
 had first called attention to the deficiency in the fund is 
 calculated to relieve the character of the Ex-Treasurer 
 from the serious charge of peculation. Hook reached 
 home, after a tedious and uncomfortable passage of nearly 
 nine months, in January, 1819, and immediately com 
 menced that diligent use of his pen which enabled him to 
 produce more new volumes than there remained years in 
 the balance of his life. Indeed, from 1824 to 1841, the 
 year of his death, a period of about seventeen years, for 
 about two of which he was imprisoned under Government 
 arrest, he wrote 38 vols., besides editing the John Bull, a 
 weekly newspaper, and (for part of the time) The New 
 Monthly Magazine. Of the John Bull, commenced Dec. 
 16, 1820, he was one of the principal founders ; and his 
 share in the stock in the palmy days of the paper brought 
 him in no less than 2000 per annum, in addition to a liberal 
 salary. His income for a number of years was probably 
 not less than 3000 per annum. But his improvidence 
 led him into continual embarrassments, which made him 
 the prey of the most harassing anxieties. As the con 
 ductor of the John Bull, he distinguished himself by bitter 
 Invectives against Queen Caroline and her supporters, and 
 876 
 
 by an enthusiastic advocacy of High-Tory principles. He 
 was also a contributor, in early life, to the Satirist Maga 
 zine, and subsequently to Bentley's Miscellany; and, in 
 addition to the many works which he actually produced, 
 promised many more, and prepared materials for A His 
 tory of the House of Hanover, which was also left un 
 finished. Shortly after his return from the Mauritius, 
 he attempted to establish a minor magazine, called The 
 Arcadian; but it only survived for a short time. He was 
 the author of one article in the Quarterly Review, that 
 on Prince Puckler-Muskau's English Tour, in vol. xlvi., 
 and probably contributed to other journals not here named. 
 Hook was a mere butterfly of fashion, without high mo 
 ral principle, and apparently without any appreciation of 
 the duty devolving upon all to labour for the welfare and 
 improvement of the race, and to cultivate the mind and 
 discipline the heart for a higher sphere than that to be 
 found in the frivolities of the ball-room or the enchant 
 ments of the stage. Hook was never married. He left 
 six children, who, with their mother, were aided by a sub 
 scription of 3000 after their father's death. Of his 
 remarkable literary industry for a period of almost forty 
 years, the following list of his works affords the best 
 illustration. 
 
 l.The Soldier's Return ; a Comic Opera,1805,8vo. 2.Catch 
 Him who Can ; Musical Farce, 1806. 3. The Invisible 
 Girl; Petite Piece, 1806. 4. Tekeli; Melo-Drama, 1806. 
 5. The Fortress; Melo-Drama, 1807. 6. Music-Mad; 
 Dram. Sketch. 7. Siege of St. Quintin; Drama, 1807. 8. 
 Killing no Murder; Farce, 1809. 9. Safe and Sound; 
 Opera, 1809. 10. The Man of Sorrow, 1809, 3 vols. This, 
 his first novel, was a failure. See Lon. Month. Rev., lix. 
 320-321. 11. Ass-ass-ination; Serio-comic Entertainment, 
 
 1810. Not printed. 12. The Will, or The Widow; Dram. 
 Trifle, 1810. Not printed. 13. Trial by Jury; Farce, 
 
 1811. 14. Darkness Visible; Farce, 1811. 15. Pigeons 
 and Crows; Com., 1819. 16. Exchange no Robbery; Com., 
 1820. 17. Tentamen ; or, an Essay towards the History 
 of Whittington and his Cat, by Dr. Vicesimus Blenkinsop, 
 1820. This was a satire on Queen Caroline and Alderman 
 Wood. 18. Peter and Paul ; Drama, 1821. 19. Sayings 
 and Doings. First Series, 1824, 3 vols. 20. Second Series, 
 1825, 3 vols. 21. Third Series, 1828, 3 vols. These 9 
 vols., originally pub. at 4 14*. 6rf., have been reprinted 
 in three vols. for 10. 6rf. See Blackw. Mag., xv. 334; 
 xvii. 224. Hook's biographer in the Gent. Mag. says that 
 Colburn agreed to pay 600 for the First Series, and 
 voluntarily added 350 more, making 950 in all. But 
 Mr. Lockhart says (in Lon. Quar. Rev., Ixxii. 88) that 
 Hook's diary represents his profits on the First Series at 
 2000. For the Second Series and Third Series Hook 
 received from Colburn 1000 each. 22. Reminiscences 
 of Michael Kelly, 1826, 2 vols. This was compiled by 
 Hook from Kelly's " rough illiterate materials." It was 
 reviewed by Sir Walter Scott in the Lon. Quar. Rev., 
 xxxiv. 242-248. 23. Maxwell, 1830, 3 vols. ; considered 
 the best of Hook's novels. 24. The Life of Sir David 
 Baird, 1832, 2 vols. This biography greatly pleased Lady 
 Baird, who presented the author with a magnificent dia 
 mond snuff-box, presented by the Pacha of Egypt to Sir 
 David. 25. The Parson's Daughter, 1833, 3 vols. 26. 
 Jack Brag, 1837, 3 vols. 27. Births, Deaths, and Mar 
 riages, 1839, 3 vols. This work paid Hook about 600. 
 30. Love and Pride, 1833, 3 vols. 31. Gilbert Gurney, 
 1835. This autobiography it almost deserves the name 
 was originally contributed as was the sequel, which fol 
 lows to the New Monthly Magazine. 32. Gurney Married, 
 
 1839. This, and the preceding, (q. v.,) were collected into 
 3 vols. 33. Pascal Bruno; a Sicilian Story, 1837,1vol. 
 34. Cousin Geoffrey, the Old Bachelor, 1840, 3 vols. 35. 
 Fathers and Sons, 1841, 3 vols. Originally contributed 
 to the New Monthly Mag. 36. Precept and Practice, 
 
 1840, 3 vols. Originally contributed to the New Monthly 
 Mag. 37. Adventures of an Actor; or, The French Stage 
 and French People, from the Journal of M. Fleury ; 2d 
 ed., 1842, 2 yols : Edited by Hook. 38. Peregrine Bunce, 
 1842, 3 vols. Posthumous, and, as Mr. Lockhart insists, 
 (Quar.Rev., Ixxii. 53, 88,) not all written by Hook. Several 
 of his novels have been repub. from time to time, and a 
 new ed. of Maxwell esteemed the best of all has been 
 issued within the last two weeks, (September, 1856.) For 
 further information respecting Hook and his writings, we 
 refer the reader, in addition to the authorities cited above, 
 to Allan Cunningham's Biog. and Crit. Hist, of the Lit. 
 of the Last Fifty Years; Moir's Poet. Lit. of the Past 
 Half-Century ; Madden's Literary Life and Corresp. of the 
 Countess of Blessington ; Bentley's Miscellany, Sept. 
 
HOO 
 
 1841 ; Lon. Gent. Mag., Oct. 1841 ; Westminster Rev., xv. 
 155; xxviii. 169; Irish Quar. Rev., Sept. 1853; Dubl. 
 Univ. Mag., xxxiii. 81 ; Blackw. Mag., xii. 708 ; xiv. 237 ; 
 xv. 90, 92; xvii. 225; xxiii. 400; xxvi. 561; xxx. 532; 
 xxxviii. 298; xli. 731. Eraser's Mag., ix. 436; xxiv. 
 
 518; Lon. Literary Gazette; Lon. Athenaeum; N. York The Roman H ** judi .ous and mas eriy writer is 
 
 IT,' ,, _ . ,/ nn a most valuable accession to the stock of historical learning. The 
 
 HOO 
 
 1773 ; ii. 1745; iii. 1764; iv. 1771. Vols. i., ii., and iii. 
 have been frequently reprinted in 4to; 1766, 9 vols. 8vo; 
 1806, 11 vols. 8vo; 1818, 11 vols. 8vo; 1830, 6 vols. 8vo. 
 This work should be read as an introduction to Gibbon's 
 History, which carries on the narrative. 
 "The Koman History of this judicious and masterly writer is 
 
 Eclec. Mag., xvi. 399. 
 
 " It would not be easy to find another artist with ability equal 
 to Hook's for discussing the good and evil, the passions and 
 aflecta lions, the fits of generosity and settled systems of saving, 
 the self-sufficiency and the deplorable weakness, the light and 
 darkness, the virtue and the vice, of this prodigious Babel. The 
 stories which he tells might be invented with little outlay of 
 
 ^^^^^^L^^^J^^^^^l^^. \ wa a laborious and faithful^ompiler. The Jesuits Catron and 
 
 execution is equal throughout. Mr. Hooke seems to have pos 
 sessed in a very eminent degree the rare talent of separating the 
 partisan from the historian, of which few writers are capable, aud 
 of comparing contradictory authorities with impartiality and 
 penetration. He does not appear to have been a bigot to any 
 principles or a slave to any authority." Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 This occupies the whole ground that Livy had chosen. He 
 
 characters which live aud breathe in them would make the nar 
 ratives pleasing though they were as crooked as the walls of 
 Troy." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM : ulri supra. 
 
 ''Doubtless, his wit and humour were apt to degenerate into 
 buffoonery, his pathos into sentimentality, and his nature into 
 conventionalism ; but his knowledge of city life, in its manners, 
 habits, and language, seemed intuitive, and has been surpassed 
 only by Fielding and Dickens. Many and multifarious, however, 
 as are his volumes, he has left behind him no great creation, 
 nothing that can be pointed to as a triumphant index of the ex 
 traordinary powers which he undoubtedly possessed." D. M. 
 Mom. : ubi supra. 
 
 " TICKLER. ' Confound haste and hurry ! What else can account 
 
 Rouille far exceeded him. for they compiled a Roman ilistory in 
 21 vols. 4to, which is the most extensive Roman History extant.'' 
 CHANCELLOR KENT. 
 
 " It is more thorough than Ferguson's history, and far more 
 faithful than that of Echard. Goldsmith's Rome is only a pleasant 
 abridgment of it, while Arnold's learned and valuable work 
 closes with the Punic wars." Lawrence's Lives of the British 
 
 Hook's position ? Who that has read 
 
 gi 
 ha 
 
 and Doings, and, above all, his Maxwell, can doubt that, had he 
 en himself time for consideration and correction, we should 
 
 ve been hailing him ere now, nem. con., as another Smollett, if 
 not another Le Sage ?....' 
 
 "NORTH. ' I agree with you; and I sincerely hope this novel- 
 fan provisa tore will pause ere it is too late, and attempt something 
 really worthy of his imagination. But, as it is, such is the rich 
 ness of the vis comica showered over these careless extravaganzas, 
 that, unless he himself throws them into the shade by subsequent 
 performances, I venture to say they have a better chance of being 
 remembered a hundred years hence than any contemporary pro 
 ductions of their class except only those of the two great lights 
 of Scotland and Ireland Jam dudum ad scripta Camoanis.' " 
 JOHN WILSON : Noctes Amlrosiance, Sept. 1831. 
 
 " His name will be preserved. His political songs and jeux- 
 cTesprit, when the hour comes for collecting them, will form a 
 volume of sterling and lasting attraction ; and after many clever 
 romances of this age shall have sufficiently occupied public atten 
 tion, and sunk, like hundreds of former generations, into utter 
 oblivion, there are tales in his collection which will be read with, 
 we venture to think, even a greater interest than they commanded 
 
 3. Trans, of Ramsay's Travels of Cyrus, 1739, 4to. 4. 
 An Account of the Conduct of the Dowager-Dutchess of 
 Marlborough, from her first coming to Court to the year 
 1710, 1742, 8vo. For this work the duchess rewarded the 
 'fi author ith 5000, tat soon quarrelled with him, on ac- 
 
 in their novelty. 
 
 We have already expressed our opinion, 
 
 however, that Theodore Hook's ability in conversation was above 
 what he ever exemplified in his writings. We have seen him in 
 company with very many of the most eminent men of his time; 
 and we never, until he was near his end, carried home the im 
 pression with us that he had been surpassed." J. G. LOCKHART : 
 ubi supra. 
 
 Hook, Walter Farquhar, D.D., Vicar of Leeds, 
 Preb. of Lincoln, and Chaplain-in-Ordinary to the Queen, 
 is a son of Dr. James Hook, Dean of Worcester, and a 
 nephew of Theodore Edward Hook, both of whom have 
 already come under our notice. Dr. Hook is noted for his 
 untiring energy in the cause of church extension, and is 
 the author of many theological publications, of which the 
 Church Dictionary, (7th ed., 1854, 8vo,) Ecclesiastical 
 Biography, (vols. i.-viii., 1845-52, 12mo,) Hear the 
 Church, (28th ed., 1838, 8vo,) a Call to Union, (4th ed., 
 1839, Svo,) and the Serms. on the Miracles, (1847-48, 
 2 vols. fp. 8vo,) on various subjects, (2d ed., 1844, fp. 8vo,) 
 and those delivered before the Univ. of Oxford, (3d ed., 
 1847, 12mo,) are among the best-known. See Men of the 
 Time, Lon., 1856; Church of Eng. Quar. Rev.; Eclec. 
 Rev., 4th Ser., xii. 502 ; Eraser's Mag., xix. 1. 
 
 Hooke, Colonel. The Secret Hist, of Col. Hooke's 
 Negotiations in Scot, in favour of the Pretender, Lon., 
 1760, 8vo. 
 
 Hooke, A, a Professor. Religionis Naturalis et 
 Revelatee Principia, in Usurn Acad. Juventutus, 1773, 3 
 
 vols. 8vo. 
 Hooke, Andrew. 
 
 1. Bristolliana; or, Memoirs of 
 
 the City of Bristol, Lon., 1748, Svo. 2. Dissert, on the 
 Antiquity of Bristol, Svo. 3. Essay on the National Debt 
 and National Capital, 1750, Svo. 
 
 "The author of this tract endeavours to trace and exhibit the 
 increase of the national capital from 1600 upwards; but it is need 
 less to say that there must always be more of conjecture than of 
 certainty in such estimates." JUcOulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ. 
 
 Hooke, Benjamin. Blow-Pipe; Nic. Jour., 1803. 
 
 Hooke, Christopher. Serm., <fcc., Lon., 1590, Ac. 
 
 Hooke, John. Creed-Making, Ac., Lon., 1729, Svo. 
 
 Hooke, Nathaniel, d. 1763, a R. Catholic, of whose 
 
 count, as she alleged, of his efforts to convert her to the 
 Church of Rome. Hooke also pub. some works on the 
 Roman Senate, on which subject he bad a controversy 
 with Dr. Conyers Middleton. See Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; 
 Ruffhead's Life of Pope; Chesterfield's Memoirs; Bos- 
 well's Life of Johnson ; Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors. 
 
 "Hooke was a virtuous man, as his history shows." DR. JOHN 
 SON : ubi supra. 
 
 Hooke, Robert, M.D., 1635-1702, an eminent ex 
 perimental philosopher, a native of Freshwater, in the 
 Isle of Wight, and son of the rector of that place, was 
 educated at Christ Church, Oxford; elected in January, 
 1665, Curator of Experiments for the Royal Society for 
 life ; and in March of the same year succeeded Dr. Dacres 
 as Professor of Geometry in Gresham College. Hooke was 
 unquestionably one of the most ingenious philosophers 
 whom the world has ever seen, and perhaps no one man 
 ever made so many discoveries, amounting, with the 
 contrivances for illustrating them, to some hundreds. 
 Among those which he claimed for with respect to some 
 the priority of discovery is a matter of dispute are: 
 1656. Barometer or Weather-Glass ; 1657. A scapement 
 for maintaining the vibration of a pendulum; and subse 
 quently the regulating or balance-spring for watches; 
 1658. The Double-barrelled air-pump and the conical 
 pendulum ; 1660. The engine for cutting clock and watch- 
 wheels ; the chief phenomena of capillary attraction ; the 
 freezing of water a fixed temperature; 1663. The method 
 of supplying air to a diving-bell ; the number of vibra 
 tions made by a musical chord ; 1665. In this year his 
 Micrographia was pub., in which will be found notices of 
 many of his discoveries on respiration, the composition 
 of the atmosphere, and the nature of light; 1666. A 
 quadrant by reflection; 1667. The marine barometer, and 
 the gauge for sounding unfathomable depths ; 1674. Steam- 
 engine on Newcomen's principle; 1679. That the air was 
 the sole source of heat in burning, &c. ; 1684. The applica 
 tion of the principle of the Telegraph. See Encyc. Brit. ; 
 Life, by Waller ; Biog. Brit. ; Wood's Gresham Profes 
 sors; Athen. Oxon. ; Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe; 
 Bouvier's Familiar Astronomy. In 1686, on the publica 
 tion of Newton's Principia, Hooke (who had in 1671 
 attacked Newton's New Theory of Light and Colours) 
 claimed the prior discovery of the principle of gravita 
 tion, or, rather, the application of that principle. But 
 Newton's letters to Halley settle the matter in favour of 
 the writer. Yet great credit is undoubtedly due to Hooke. 
 To borrow the language of Professor Playfair, when com 
 menting on "the length to which Galileo advanced in 
 this direction, and the point at which he stopped," 
 
 " Hooke did not stop short in the same unaccountable manner, 
 but made a nearer approach to the truth than any one had yet 
 done." Third Prelim. Dissert, to Encyc. Brit. 
 In the words of a learned lady of our day, 
 " The idea expressed by Kepler, of the ebb and flow of the 
 ocean being caused by the attractive influence of the moon, re 
 ceived in 1666 and 1674 a fresh impulse and a more extended ap- 
 
 5? ft? ESSf Ji!TSS2! "?!! i SS3B5R8ST MB5S3 
 
 for his excellent Roman .History, and as the friend of 
 Alexander Pope, who brought the priest to his death-bed, 
 to Bolingbroke's great disgust. I.Trans, of the Life of 
 Fenelon, 1723, 12mo. 2. Roman Hist., from the Building 
 of Rome to the end of the Commonwealth, 4 vols. 4to : i. 
 
 numerous discoveries in science." HannaJi M. Bouvier's familiar 
 Astronomy, Phila., 1857. 346. 
 
 The following is a'listof the works of this distinguished 
 philosopher. 1. An Attempt to Explain the Phenomena 
 of an Experiment of Robert Boyle, Lon., 1661, Svo. 2. 
 
HOO 
 
 Micrographia, Lon., 1665, '71, fol.; Abridgt, 1780, fol.; | 
 Micrographia Bestituta, 1745, fol. 3. Animadversions on j 
 the first part of Hevelius his machina celestis, 1674, 4to. j 
 4. Essays on Physical Subjects, 1674-82, 4to. 5. Attempt : 
 to prove the Motion of the Earth from Observations, 1674, | 
 4to. 6. Descrip. of Helioscopes and other Instruments 
 made by himself, 1676, 4to. 7. Lampas, 1677, 4to. 
 
 " Dr. Hooke, .... who had a particular predilection for hypo 
 thesis, sketched in his Micrographia a very beautiful theoretical 
 explanation of combustion, and promised to develop his doctrine 
 more fully in a subsequent book ; a promise which he never ful 
 filled, though in his Lampas, published about twenty [twelve] 
 years afterwards, he has given a very beautiful explanation of 
 the way in which a candle burns." HaUam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, 
 ed. 1854; iii. 580-581. 
 
 8. Letters and Collection of Letters concerning Comets, 
 Microscopes, Ac., 1677, 4to; 1678, fol. 9. Lects. de Po- 
 tentia Bestitutiva; or, Of Springs : explaining the Powers 
 of Springs, 1678, 4to. 10. Philosophical Collections, Nos. 
 1-7, 1678, 4to. Pub. during a period in which the Phil. 
 Trans, were discontinued. Hooke's Nos. are always con 
 sidered a part of Phil. Trans. 11. Posthumous Works, 
 with his Life, by Bichard Waller, 1705, fol. 12. Philos. 
 Observ. and Experiments, pub. by W. Derham, 1726, 8vo. 
 13. Papers on subjects of astronomy and natural philo 
 sophy, in Phil. Trans., 1665-86. And see Early Develop 
 ment of the Antiphlogistian Theory of Combustion, in 
 Nic. Jour., 1800. 
 
 " He always expressed veneration for the Deity, as may be seen 
 in a great many passages of his writings ; and seldom received 
 any remarkable benefit from God, without thankfully acknow 
 ledging the mercy ; he never made any considerable discovery in 
 nature, invented any useful contrivance, or found out any diffi 
 cult problem, without setting down his acknowledgment to God, 
 as many places in his diary testified. And he frequently studied 
 the sacred writings in the originals." Life, by Waller: ubi supra. 
 Hooke, William, d. 1677, aged 76, minister of New 
 Haven, 1644, returned to England in 1656, and became 
 chaplain to Oliver Cromwell. New England's Teares for 
 Old England's Feares ; a Fast Serm. at Taunton, July 23, 
 1640, Lon., 1641, 4to. 
 
 Hooker, Mrs. A Composition for Painting; Nic. 
 Jour., 1808. 
 
 Hooker, Asahel, 1762-1813, a native of Bethlehem, 
 Conn., and minister of Norwich, in the same State, a de 
 scendant of Thomas Hooker, (ante,) pub. five occasional 
 eerms., 1805, &c. 
 
 Hooker, Herman, D.D., b. 1804, at Poultney, But- 
 land county, Vermont, graduated at Middlebury College 
 in 1825, studied divinity at the Presbyterian Theological 
 Seminary in Princeton, and subsequently took orders in 
 the Episcopal Church. Obliged by ill health to forbear 
 the use of his voice in the pulpit, he has for many years 
 been widely known as a bookseller in Philadelphia, where 
 he now resides. 1. The Portion of the Soul, Phila., 1835, 
 32mo; Lon., 1836, 18mo. 
 
 " We recommend this interesting little volume for the hands 
 of those who feel that ' void of heart which none but God can fill.' 
 It is full of high and holy thoughts, given with much mind, cal 
 culated to lead the minds of others to the centre of rest." Chris 
 tian Examiner, June, 1836. 
 
 2. Popular Infidelity, Phila., 1835, 12mo. The later 
 edits, bear the title of The Philosophy of Unbelief in 
 Morals and Beligion, &c. In the words of a critic, 
 
 " This book is characterized by a lucid and agreeable style, by 
 profound and discriminating thought, and by great strength of 
 moral and religious feeling." 
 
 3. Family Book of Devotion, 1836, 8vo. 4. The Uses 
 of Adversity, and the Provisions of Consolation, 1846 
 18mo. 
 
 "I can desire no higher satisfaction, and certainly there can be 
 no truer honour, than to be the instrument of conveying com for 
 to the bereaved and desponding, and causing their grief to assume 
 the aspect and direction of celestial love." Author's Preface. 
 
 5. Thoughts and Maxims, 1847, sq. 16mo. 6. The Chris 
 tian Life a Fight of Faith, 1848, 18mo. Dr. Hooker ha 
 also contributed a number of articles to the periodicals of 
 the day. 
 
 " The style of Dr. Hooker abounds in spontaneous interest ant 
 unexpected graces. It seems to result immediately from his cha 
 racter, and to be an inseparable part of it. ... We meet at time 
 In Dr. Hooker's writings with phrases of the rarest felicity, and o 
 great delicacy and expressiveness; in which we know not whethe 
 most to admire the vigour which has conceived so striking 
 thought, or the refinement of art which has fixed it in words s 
 beautifully exact." Griswold's Prose Writers of America. 
 
 And see N. York International Mag., v. 442-443. 
 
 Hooker, or Vowell, John, M.P., 1524?-1601, . 
 native of Exeter, and member of Parliament for that city 
 the uncle of the "Judicious Hooker," has already com 
 under our notice as the coadjutor of Baphael Holinshe 
 in the compilation of his Chronicles. Hooker also wrot 
 The Order and Vsage of Keeping of the Parlements i 
 
 HOO 
 
 England, 1572? 4to; The Events of Comets, Lon., 1577, 
 8vo; Cat. of the Bishops of Excester, 1584; Offices, etc. 
 of Everie Officer of Excester, 1584, 4to ; and The Antique 
 Descrip. and Account of Exeter, Exon., 1765, sm. 4to. See 
 Prince's Worthies of Devon ; A then. Oxon. ; Ware's Ire 
 land, by Harris. 
 
 Hooker, John, d. 1777, aged 48, minister of North 
 ampton, Mass., a native of Farmington, graduated at Yale 
 College in 1751, was a descendant of Thomas Hooker, 
 ante.) He pub. a Serm. at the Ordination of T. Allen, 
 ittsfield, 1764; and a Funeral Serm. on John Hunt, of 
 Joston, 1776. 
 
 Hooker, Joseph Dalton, M.D., B.N., the only sur 
 viving son of Sir Wm. Jackson Hooker, and an eminent 
 otanical writer. 1. Flora Antarctica ; or, Botany of the 
 ntarctic Voyage of H.M. Ships Erebus and Terror, 1839- 
 43, under Capt. Sir James Clark Boss, B.N., Lon., 1844- 
 7, 2 vols. 4to, 7 10s. ; col'd, 10 15s. The descriptions, 
 otes, and illustrations of these vols. are entitled to all 
 raise. Dr. Hooker was Assistant-Surgeon of the Erebus, 
 and Botanist to the Expedition. 2. Cryptogamia Ant 
 arctica, (issued separately,) 1847, r. 4to, 2 17.; col'd, 4 
 *. 3. The Bhododendrons of Sikkim-Himalaya ; edited 
 >y Sir W. J. Hooker, D.C.L., 1849-51, imp. fol., 3 lls. ^ 
 " Of the species of Rhododendron which he has found in his 
 dventurous journey, some are quite unrivalled in magnificence 
 f appearance." Lon. Gardener's Chronicle. 
 
 4. Flora of New Zealand, 1852-54, r. 4to, 8; col'd, 
 12 12s. Introduc. Essay, pub. separately, 4to, at 2. 
 
 " The beautiful execution of the work renders it a library-book, 
 pen to those who are not interested about natural history." 
 ,on. Gardener's Chronicle. 
 
 5. Himalayan Journals, with Maps and Illustrations, 
 854, 2 vols. 8vo, 1 16s.; 2d ed., 1855, 2 vols. 8vo, 18*. 
 . Illustrations of Sikkim-Himalayan Plants, 1855, imp. 
 
 8vo, 5 5s. 7. Flora Tasmanica; Pt. 1, 1855, 1 lls 6d. 
 Hooker, Richard, 1553?-! 600,was a native of Heavy- 
 Tree, near Exeter. His good conduct and quickness in 
 earning whilst at the grammar-school of Exeter made 
 him a great favourite with his tutor, at whose instance 
 young Bichard's uncle presented his nephew to Bishop 
 Jewel, and besought him, for 
 
 " Charity's sake, to look favourably upon a poor nephew of his, 
 horn nature had fitted for a scholar, but the estate of his parents 
 was so narrow that they were unable to give him the advantage 
 of learning." 
 
 He therefore expressed the hope that the bishop would 
 " Become his patron, and prevent him from being a tradesman, 
 for he was a boy of remarkable hopes." 
 
 The good bishop sent him to Oxford and placed him 
 under charge of Dr. John Cole, President of Corpus Christi 
 College, who appointed him a tutor and Bible-clerk of the 
 college. He now enjoyed the advantage of the instructions 
 of Dr. John Beynolds for four years. In 1577 he was 
 chosen Fellow of his college. In 1579 he received the 
 appointment of deputy-professor of Hebrew. In 1581 he 
 was ordained ; and, according to the college-statutes, he 
 was immediately appointed to preach a sermon at St. 
 Paul's Cross, London. He lodged at a dwelling appro 
 priated to the preachers, which was called the Shunamite's 
 house. Much indisposed by the fatigue of his journey to 
 the city, he was so grateful for the kind attentions of Mrs. 
 Churchman, who had charge of this "house of the pro 
 phets," that his complaisance got the better of his judg 
 ment. Walton tells the story so quaintly that, even at 
 the risk of being charged with countenancing a slander 
 against " provident" mothers, we must quote it : 
 
 " He thought himself bound in conscience to believe all that 
 she said : so that the good man came to be persuaded by her, ' That 
 he was a man of a tender constitution ;' and ' that it was best for him 
 to have a wife that might prove a nurse to him ; such an one as 
 might both prolong his life and make it more comfortable ; and 
 such an one she could and would provide for him if he thought fit 
 to marry.' And he, not considering that the children of this world 
 are wiser in their generation than the children of light, but, like 
 a true Nathaniel, fearing no guile, because he meant none, did give 
 her such a power as Eleazer was trusted with (you may read it in 
 the book of Genesis) when he was sent to choose a wife for Isaac; 
 for even so he trusted her to choose for him ; promising upon a 
 fair summons to return to London and accept of her choice. And 
 he did so, in that or about the year following. Now, the wife pro 
 vided for him was her daughter Joan, who brought him neither 
 beauty nor portion : and for her conditions, they were too like that 
 wife's which is by Solomon compared to a dripping house." 
 
 " Which A. Wood explains, by saying, that she was a silly, 
 clownish woman, and withal a meer Xantippe." 
 
 What a proof of the kindness of heart of good Mrs. 
 Churchman, to intrust the happiness of her daughter to 
 the young divine ! So anxious was she to promote his 
 comfort and prolong what promised to be a valuable life, 
 that she was willing to submit to the sacrifice, and deprive 
 herself of the society of her dear Joan ! But will it be 
 believed that the magnanimity of this excellent woman 
 
HOO 
 
 HOO 
 
 has been questioned, and that she has even been blamed 
 as a " managing mother," for thus converting Miss Joan 
 Churchman into Mrs. Richard Hooker ? So uncharitable 
 is human nature ! And, from some modern instances 
 which occasionally occur of like censure of mothers 
 whose disinterestedness is not appreciated, it would seem 
 that detraction was not confined to the days of Mrs. 
 Churchman. If his wife did not prove, as his mother-in- 
 law promised she should, a "comfort" to him, we have 
 evidence that he bore his troubles with laudable equa 
 nimity. Two of his former pupils, Mr. Edwin Sandys 
 and Mr. George Cranmer, paid him a visit at bis parsonage 
 at Drayton-Beauchamp, in Buckinghamshire, of which he 
 became Rector in 1584 ; and we are told that 
 
 " They found him with a book in his hand, (it was the Odes of 
 Horace,) he being then, like humble and innocent Abel, tending 
 his small allotment of sheep in a common field; which he told 
 these gentlemen he was forced to do then, for that his servant was 
 gone home to dine and assist his wife to do some necessary house 
 hold business. But when his servant returned and released him, 
 his two pupils attended him unto his house, where their best en 
 tertainment was his quiet company, which was presently denied 
 them; for Richard was called to rock the cradle: and the rest of 
 their welcome was so like this, that they staid but till next morn 
 ing, which was time enough to discover and pity their tutor's con 
 dition They were forced to leave him to the company of his 
 
 wife Joan, and seek themselves a quieter lodging for the next 
 night. But at their parting from him, Mr. Cranmer said, ' Good 
 Tutor, I am sorry your lot is fallen in no better ground as to your 
 parsonage ; and more sorry your wife proves not a more comfort 
 able companion, after you have wearied your thoughts in your 
 restless studies.' To whom the good man replied, ' My dear George, 
 if saints have usually a double share in the miseries of this life, 
 I, that am none, ought not to repine at what my wise Creator hath 
 appointed for me; but labour (as indeed I do daily) to submit to 
 his will, and possess my soul in patience and peace.'" Walton's 
 Life of Hooker. 
 
 Here was a model husband indeed. 
 
 To this visit of his former pupils are we indebted for 
 that immortal production, The Laws of Ecclesiastical Po 
 lity. Edwin Sandys urged his father, then Bishop of 
 London, to find a more comfortable post for his quondam 
 tutor. This led to his appointment, in 1585, after the 
 death of "Father Alvy," of Master of the Temple for life, 
 being then in his 33d or 34th year. Hooker was the morn 
 ing lecturer, and Mr. Travers held forth in the afternoon. 
 The latter gentleman followed the views of Cartwright, 
 the Puritan, and inclined to the Presbyterian side in dis 
 cipline. This contrariety of 'sentiment led to an amicable 
 controversy between the lecturers, who seem to have en 
 tertained for each other all due respect. Thus, it was 
 observed, " the forenoon sermon spoke Canterbury, and 
 the afternoon Geneva." Archbishop Whitgift prohibited 
 the lectures of Mr. Travers. Travers appealed to the 
 queen, but in vain; he then published his memorial, 
 which was answered by Hooker. This answer may be 
 considered the germ of his great work, Of the Laws of 
 Ecclesiastical Polity. He commenced his work in the 
 Temple ; but, finding less distraction requisite, he solicited 
 the archbishop to permit him to retire to some more quiet 
 post. Accordingly, that prelate presented him, in 1591, 
 to the rectory of Boscombe, in Wiltshire, and to the pre 
 bend of Nether-Haven in the Cathedral of Salisbury, of 
 which he was also made sub-dean. Four books of his 
 work were finished at Boscombe, and printed in 1593, fol.; 
 again, 1594, fol. In 1595 Queen Elizabeth presented him 
 to the rectory of Bishopsbourne, in Kent, where he Ijved 
 the rest of his days. Whilst sailing between London and 
 Gravesend, he caught a cold which carried him off at the 
 early age of forty-seven. He died the death of the right 
 eous, and to his triumphant soul " the doors of Heaven 
 seemed to open so wide" that he was enabled to catch a 
 view of that ineffable glory which surrounds the throne 
 of " the High and Lofty One who inhabiteth Eternity." 
 Happy are they who have the good report of the members 
 of their own household and of their intimate associates ; 
 for they have the best opportunity of knowing our faults 
 and detecting all of our infirmities. Our excellent author 
 does not lack this weighty attestation: 
 
 " My master, Hooker, was a good man and a good scholar." 
 
 So testifies his parish clerk. 
 
 The 5th Book of his Ecclesiastical Polity was published 
 in 1597, fol.; 1632, fol.; the 7th in 1617, (according to 
 Biog. Brit.,) and the 6th and 8th (the conclusion) in 1648, 
 4to. The eight books, with a few sermons and tracts, pub 
 lished separately in 1612-13, and a Life of Hooker, were 
 pub. in Dr. Gauden's edition of his works, Lon., 1662, fol. ; 
 2d ed., 1666, fol., with Life, by Walton. It is contended, 
 indeed, that " all the eight books, with certain tractates and 
 sermons, together with the author's life, were published in 
 two vols. in fol., 1617." See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., 
 
 i. 697 ; Biog. Brit. Other edits, of Hooker's Works, in 
 cluding the Ecclesiastical Polity: Lon., 1676, '82, 1705, 
 '19, '23, fol. ; Dubl., 1721, fol. The ed. of 1723 is esteemed 
 the best of the fol. edits. Oxf., 1793, 1807, '20, each in 
 3 vols. 8vo. Edited by Rev. W. S. Dobson, Lon., 1825, 2 
 vols. 8vo. With an Introduc., Life of Thomas Cartwright, 
 and many notes, [including extracts from the works an 
 swered by Hooker,] by B. Hanbury, an Independent Dis 
 senter, 1830, 3 vols. 8vo. Arranged by Rev. John Keble, 
 Oxf., 1836, 4 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1841, 3 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., 
 1845, 3 vols. 8vo. Without Keble's Notes, 1845, 2 vols. 
 8vo ; 1850, 2 vols. 8vo. Keble's edit, is the best of all ; but 
 the theologian should possess both Keble's and Hanbury's 
 edit., on the good old principle, audi alterant partem. 
 Other edits., Lon., 1839, 2 vols. 8vo ; 1845, 8vo. The Ec 
 clesiastical Polity has been pub. separately, sometimes 
 with an Analysis, Digest, <fcc. ; and we have Abridgments 
 of and Selections from the Works of this great man, for 
 those who do not wish to purchase the whole. For titles 
 of his separate publications, discussions relative to the 
 authenticity of the 6th, 7th, and 8th books, as published, 
 and for further information respecting the author, see his 
 Life by Walton, Gauden, &c. ; Biog. Brit. ; Prince's Wor 
 thies of Devon ; Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 
 380, 599-600; Keble's ed. of his Works; authorities sub 
 joined. 
 
 In the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity, Hooker pre 
 sents an elaborate, dignified, and learned defence of the 
 ministry, ritual, and ceremonies of the Church of England. 
 Its polemical arguments have satisfied many ; its literary 
 merits have charmed all. Its fame having reached Rome, 
 Cardinal Allen and Dr. Stapleton recommended it so 
 strongly to Clement VIII., that he wished to have it 
 translated into Latin, in which language Stapleton read 
 to him the 1st book, declaring that 
 
 " There is no learning that this man hath not searched into ; 
 nothing too hard for his understanding. This man indeed de 
 serves the name of an author. His books will get reverence by 
 age ; for there is in them such seeds of eternity, that, if the rest 
 be like this, they shall continue till the last fire shall devour all 
 learning." 
 
 James I. remarked to Archbishop Whitgift : 
 
 " I have received more satisfaction in reading a leaf or para 
 graph in Mr. Hooker, though it were but about the fashion of 
 churches, or church music, or the like, but especially of the 
 sacraments, than I have had in reading large treatises written 
 but of one of those subjects by others, though very learned 
 men." 
 
 " Charles I. commended the five books then extant of the Polity 
 to his dear children as an excellent means to satisfie private 
 scruples, and settle the publique peace of the Church and King 
 dom." 
 
 Our learned author seems to have a right by long use 
 to the title of " The Judicious Hooker." 
 
 "The adamantine and imperishable work of Hooker is his 
 Ecclesiastical Polity. Bishop Lowth; in the preface to his English 
 Grammar, has bestowed the highest praise upon the purity of 
 Hooker's style. Bishop Warburton, in his book on the Alliance 
 between the Church and State, often quotes him, and calls him 
 ' the excellent, the admirable, the best good man of our order.' " 
 DR. PARR. 
 
 " Of the illustrious Hooker whose memory is embalmed in the 
 beautiful biography of him by Isaac Walton it is sufficient to 
 say, that his Ecclesiastical Polity is, of all works of that descrip 
 tion, one of the most masterly and convincing. Never was logic 
 more successfully employed to combat error and establish truth ; 
 and the vein of common sense, as well as of spiritual comfort, 
 which pervades the pages of that work, will render it, to the latest 
 posterity, a popular as well as instructive performance." DB. 
 DIBDIN : Lib. Oomp., ed. 1825, '55, '56. 
 
 The following is no small eulogy : 
 
 " Should the English constitution in Church and State be un 
 happily ruined by some convulsion of extraordinary times, this 
 book alone probably contains materials sufficient for repairing 
 and rebuilding the shattered fabric." 
 
 " He was an able champion for the ecclesiastical hierarchy. His 
 work displays immense learning, reflection, and eloquence, and is 
 still referred to as a great authority upon the whole range of 
 moral and political principles. . . . The Ecclesiastical Polity has 
 furnished, for nearly 200 years, an invaluable defence of the clergy 
 to studious men ; but we want, says the Rev. E. Bickersteth, a 
 popular work of the like sound, judicious, and evangelical cha 
 racter, for the establishment of the young, and laymen in gene 
 ral. . . . Keble's preface, like Walton's life, should precede every 
 subsequent edition. Hooker is universally distinguished for 
 long-drawn melody and mellifluence of language, and his works 
 must find a place in every well-chosen clerical library. His elo 
 quence has been deservedly praised; but the justice of the epithet 
 ' Judicious,' which his admirers have attached to his name, is 
 rather more questionable. Certainly there never was a more 
 thorough-going advocate of things established than he has shown 
 himself in the whole Fifth Book, forming more than a third part 
 of the entire Ecclesiastical Polity." Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 380, 599. 
 
 " Hooker was not permitted to occupy the field of controversy 
 alone. Bilson, Bancroft, Bridges, Cosins, and Dr. Adrian Saravia, 
 a German beneficed in England, appeared on the same side. Brad- 
 shaw defended the cause of the Puritans against Bilson, Fenner 
 
 879 
 
HOO 
 
 HOO 
 
 against Bridges. Morrice against Cosins, and Beza against Saravia, I of fourscore years to see the abundant fruits of his 
 although the press was shut against them by law, and their books labours, and receive the grateful benedictions of many 
 could tnly by publishejd by stealth." BOGUE. _ A ^_ | w hom he has guided to intellectual elevation and stimu 
 lated to the acquisition of mental riches of priceless 
 worth. Of the author of the Ecclesiastical Polity, Mr. 
 Hallain does not scruple to declare : 
 
 He not only opened the mine, but explored the depths, of our 
 native eloquence. So stately and graceful is the march of his 
 periods, so various the fall of his musical cadences upon the ear, 
 so rich iu images, so condensed in sentences, so grave and noble 
 his diction, so little is there of vulgarity in his racy idiom, of 
 pedantry in his learned phrase, that I know not whether any 
 later writer has more admirably displayed the capacities of our 
 language, or produced passages more worthy of comparison with 
 the splendid monuments of antiquity. If we compare the first 
 book of the Ecclesiastical Polity with what bears perhaps most 
 resemblance to it of any thing extant, the treatise of Cicero de 
 Legibus, it will appear somewhat perhaps inferior, through the 
 
 ' The Ecclesiastical Polity of Hooker, who was superior to the 
 pedantry of the times, is worthy of the present age for its liberal 
 and manly sentiment." Comparisons of the Lit. of the Present Age 
 with that of the Keigns of Eliz. and Anne, by Jiev. E. Polwhele. 
 See Goodhugh's Lib. Man., 165. 
 
 " His works manifest great vigour of thought, eloquence of ex 
 pression, soundness of judgment, and decidedly evangelical senti 
 ment : his Ecclesiastical Polity is one of the bulwarks of the Esta 
 blished Church of England." BICKERSTETH : Christian Student. 
 
 " For a defence of the Church of England against the Sectaries, 
 it will suffice, imtar omnium, to study Hooker's Ecclesiastical 
 Politie, a work bearing all the marks of immortality, as destined 
 to excite the admiration of men while good letters remain amongst 
 them ''Bishop Warburtnn's Directions to his Student. 
 
 " The Ecclesiastical Polity is the principal work of this able and 
 venerable man, and perhaps the best defence of the Church of 
 
 England ever published. Those who dissent from his doctrine of im p er f ect i O n of our language, which, with all its force and dig- 
 church order may, nevertheless, read this remarkable production nity> does not equal the L&iin in either of those qualities, and 
 with great, advantage, because of the dignity and force of the Ian- cer t a inly more tedious and diffuse in some of its reasonings; but 
 guHge in which it is written, the author's meekness in contro- by no means less high-toned in sentiment or less bright in fancy, 
 Tersy, and the very just and impressive views of revealed truth and far more comprehensive and profound in the foundations of 
 which he has often introduced." Dr. E. Williams's .Christian its philosophy." Constit. Hist, of Eng., ed. 1854, i. 215. 
 Preacher. 
 
 " Amply as Hooker enriched his native tongue, he frequently 
 presents the cumbrous gait and the rough aspect of a pioneer. 
 Taylor surpasses him in all the charms of imagination; Hall, in 
 the sweetness and colour of his thoughts; Barrow, in the illumina 
 tion of his argument. But Hooker excelled them all in muscular 
 vigour. . . . We turn to his works, as to some mighty bulwark 
 against infidelity, impregnable to the assaults of successive gene 
 rations." WILLMOTT. 
 
 For other comparisons of Hooker to Taylor, Barrow, 
 Ac., see BARROW, ISAAC, D.D. ; TAYLOR, JEREMY, D.D 
 Referring to Hooker's theological sentiments, Mr. Ma- 
 caul ay remarks : 
 
 " The school of divinity of which Hooker was the chief occupie 
 a middle place between the school of Cranmer and the school of 
 Laud ; and Hooker has in modern times been claimed by the 
 Arminians as an ally." History of England, vol. i., 1849. 
 
 Dr. Drake remarks of Hooker's composition : * 
 
 "Though the words, for the most part, are well chosen and 
 pure, the arrangement of them into sentences is intricate and 
 harsh, and formed almost exclusively on the idiom and construc 
 tion of the Latin. Much strength and vigour are derived from 
 this adoption, but perspicuity, sweetness, and ease, are too gene- 
 
 Hooker, Richard. Weekly Miscellany, 1736-38, 2 
 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Hooker, Thomas, 1586-1647, " The Renowned Pas 
 tor of Hartford Church, and Pillar of Connecticut Colony," 
 a native of Marfield, Leicestershire, educated at and Fel 
 low of Emanuel College, Cambridge, took holy orders and 
 preached for some time in London. In 1626 he became 
 assistant to a clergyman at Chelmsford, and officiated with 
 great reputation until silenced for Non-conformity by Laud, 
 then Bishop of London. He subsequently went to Hol 
 land, where he preached for two or three years at Delft, 
 Amsterdam, and Rotterdam, and in 1633 emigrated to 
 Boston, New England, in company with John Cotton and 
 Samuel Stone. In October of the same year he assumed 
 the charge of the congregation at New-Town, now Cam 
 bridge, Mass., Mr. Stone acting as his assistant. In June, 
 1636, in company with Mr. Stone and about one hundred 
 
 other persons, he removed to "a fertile spot on the banks 
 of the Connecticut," which they called Hartford, the name 
 
 LIJl^ ilHUplIVll. UUb IJCIOLMUUltY) B W CTJIUCOD, O.IJU. CO-BC, O.I C \AJ\J tiCUC?- I / r r+ 1 
 
 rally sacrificed. There is, notwithstanding these usual features by which it is still known, in honour of Mr. Stone, who 
 of his composition, an occasional simplicity in his pages, both of was a native of Hartford, in England. In his new loca- 
 style and sentiment, which truly charms." Essays Illustrative of t i on> Hooker was distinguished by the same unquenchable 
 
 tlte Tatler, <fc., VOl. 1. 10. ,.-! *:,.; ~ onoro-ir and fiorw olnniionno whipVi Wfirp Viia 
 
 Mr. Beloe complains that 
 " Neither Walton in his Life of Hooker, nor Bishop Gauden, 
 nor many others that give an account of Hooker and his writings. 
 
 zeal, untiring energy, and fiery eloquence, which were his 
 characteristics from early youth, and no name had more 
 influence in the churches of New England. He was car 
 
 jiur many uiiiei uuwiKiYVuacQuuuuj AAvutvei auu uia wnnn&o, i ^ 
 
 make mention of the particular books or tracts which gave occa- ried off by an epidemical fever, July 7, 1647, aged 61. 
 sion to his writing the Ecclesiastical Polity." John Higginson transcribed from his MSS. about 200 ser- 
 
 Mr. Beloe proceeds to supply this omission in Anec- mons, and sent them to England, and about half of them 
 
 dotes of Literature and Scarce Books, vol. i. p. 21. 
 
 Mr. Hallam's authority is, in all cases, one of the most 
 weighty which can be adduced: 
 
 "The finest as well as the most philosophical writer of the 
 Elizabethan period is Hooker. The first book of the Ecclesiastical 
 Polity is at this day one of the master-pieces of English eloquence. 
 His periods, indeed, are generally much too long and too intricate, 
 but portions of them are often beautifully rhythmical ; his lan 
 guage is rich in English idiom without vulgarity, and in words 
 of a Latin source without pedantry; he is more uniformly solemn 
 than the usage of later times permits, or even than writers of that 
 time, such as Bacon, conversant with mankind as well as books, 
 would have reckoned necessary; but the example of ancient 
 orators and philosophers, upon themes so grave as those which 
 he discusses, may justify the serious dignity from which he does 
 not depart. Hooker is perhaps the first of such in England who 
 adorned his prose with the images of poetry ; but this he has done 
 more judiciously and with more moderation than others of great 
 name; and we must be bigots in Attic severity, before we can 
 object to some of his grand figures of speech. We may praise 
 him also for avoiding the superfluous luxury of quotations ; a 
 rock on which the writers of the succeeding age were so frequently 
 wrecked." Introduc. to Lit. of Europe; ed. 1854, vol. ii. 198. 
 
 "The Ecclesiastical Polity of Hooker is a monument of real 
 learning, in profane as well as theological antiquity." Ibid., vol. 
 i. 518. 
 
 See also vol. i. 521, 522, 556; ii. 23-26, 48, 338, 505, 
 537 ; iii. 444, 445, 448. And see Hallam's Constit. Hist. 
 
 were pub. A number of his theological treatises were pub. 
 before his death, and some were posthumous. Among the 
 best-known of his works are A Survey of the Sum of 
 Church Discipline, The Soul's Implantation, The Applica 
 tion of Redemption, and the Poor Doubting Christian 
 drawn to Christ. 
 
 1. Tracts and Serms., Lon., 1638. 2. The Soul's Prepa 
 ration for Christ; or, a Treatise of Contrition, on Acts ii. 
 37, 1637, 12mo ; 1643. 3. The Soul's Vocation ; or, Effec 
 tual Calling to Christ, 1637, '38, 4to. 4. The Soul's Im 
 plantation into Christ, 1637. 5. Four Treatises, viz. : The 
 Carnal Hypocrite ; Churches Deliverance ; Deceitfulness 
 of Sin; and the Benefit of Afflictions, 1638, 8vo. 6. The 
 Soul's Possession of Christ, with a Serm. on 2 Kings xi. 
 12, 1638, 8vo. 7. The Poore Doubting Christian drawne 
 to Christ, 1638, 18mo. 8. Of Self-Denial and Self-Trial, 
 on Matt. xvi. 24, 2 Cor. xiii. 5, and John i. 12, 13, 
 1640. 9. The Pattern of Perfection, 1640, 8vo. 10. The 
 Soul's Humiliation, on Luke xiv. 15, Ac., 1640. 11. S'*rrn. 
 on Deut. xxix. 24, 25, 1644, 4to. 12. Expos, of the Lord's 
 Prayer, 1645, 4to. 13. The Saint's Guide; in three Trea 
 tises, 1645, 8vo. 14. A Survey of the Summe of Church 
 Discipline, by Thomas Hooker and John Cotton, 1648, 4to. 
 Pub. under the supervision of Dr. Thomas Goodwin, of 
 
 of Eng., ed. 1854, i. 214, 216, 217, 218, 220-227. See London, and highly commended by him. See his Address 
 also Disraeli's Amenities of Lit., and his Quarrels of Au- ' 
 
 thors; Talfourd's Essays; Dugald Stewart's Prelim., , , &u .^ -v , 
 
 Dissert to Encyc. Brit.; Sir Jas. Mackintosh's Works, several Serms., 1651. 17. The Spiritual Rule of the Lord's 
 
 1854 i. 351 ; T. B. Macaulay's Essays, 1854, ii. 316. Kingdom. 18. The Application of Redemption, 1656 ; 2d 
 
 After such a cloud of witnesses to the merits of this 
 
 eminent writer, we trust that it is unnecessary for us to , ,- _. 
 
 urge our readers young and old to devote at least a public loss, and his virtues were celebrated if not in as 
 portion of their days and nights to the pages of Hooker, many languages as those which chanted the praises of 
 And, that they may be persuaded so to do, we shall gratify Louis le Grand in majestic Latin and pathetic Saxon, 
 them with a few more eloquent lines of glowing eulogy John Cotton, Elijah Corlet, Ezekiel Rogers, Peter Bulkley, 
 from the same distinguished scholar who has opened the and Edward Johnson, were among those who vied in epi- 
 paths of learning to so many of the past and present cedian strains over the lamented dead. The first-named 
 generation, and who still remains now on the verge I honoured his departed friend both in prose and verse; in 
 
IIOO 
 
 HOO 
 
 the former telling us that Hooker "Agmen ducere et 
 dominari in Concionibus, gratia Spiritus Sancti et virtute 
 plenis:" and that he was "Vir Solertis et Acerrimi ju- 
 dicii ;" and in the latter expressing himself in the follow 
 ing rather homely stanzas : 
 
 " Twas of Geneva's heroes said with wonder, 
 (Those worthies three,) Farel was wont to thunder, 
 Viret like rain on tender grass to show'r, 
 But Calvin lively oracles to pour. 
 All these in HOOKER'S spirit did remain, 
 A son of thunder and a show'r of rain; 
 A pourer-forth of lively oracles, 
 In saving souls, the sum of miracles." 
 
 "'Tis that Hooker, of whom I may venture to say that the fa 
 mous Romanist who wrote a book, De Tribus Thomas; or, Of Three 
 Thomas's, meaning Thomas the Apostle, Thomas Becket, and 
 Sir Thomas More, did not a thousandth part so well sort his 
 Thomas's, as a New Euglander might if he should write a book, 
 De Duobis Thomas; or, Of Two Thomas's, and with Thomas the 
 Apostle joyn our celebrious Thomas Hooker : my one Thomas, 
 even our apostolical Hooker, would in just balances weigh down 
 two of Stapleton's rebellious Archbishops or bigoted Lord-Chan 
 cellors. 'Tis he whom I may call, as Theodoret called Irenseus, 
 < The light of the Western Churches.' " MATHER : Magnolia, ed. 
 1855, i. 333 : The Life of Mr. Thomas Hooker. 
 
 See also Trumbull's Connecticut; Mass. Hist. Collec., 
 vii. 38-41. 
 
 Hooker, William, draughtsman and engraver. 
 1. Paradisus Londinensis ; with Descrip. by R. A. Salis 
 bury, 1805-06, 4to. 2. Pomona Londinensis, 1813, 4to, 
 2 Nos. fol. 3. Con. to Trans. Hortic. Soc., 1817. 
 
 Hooker, Sir William Jackson, K.H., D.C.L., Di 
 rector of the Royal Gardens of Kew, formerly Professor 
 of Botany in the University of Glasgow, has perhaps con 
 tributed as much to the dift'usion of his favourite science as 
 any other living writer. 1. Journal of "a Tour in Iceland 
 in 1809, Yarmouth, 1811, 8vo; 2d ed., Lon., 1813, 8vo; 
 and see Hooker's Icelandic Flora, in Sir Geo. S. Macken 
 zie's Travels in Iceland in 1810, Edin., 1812, 4to. 
 
 "The travels of this author, Mackenzie, and Henderson, would 
 seem to leave nothing to be desired on the subject of this extra 
 ordinary island and its inhabitants." Stevenson's Voyages and 
 Travels. 
 
 " In regard to Iceland, I trust that I am equally satisfying my 
 own conscience, and the good taste of the public, if I give an un 
 qualified recommendation of the recent works upon this country 
 by Sir George Mackenzie and Dr. Hooker: gentlemen competent, 
 in every respect, to the successful execution of the tasks which 
 they undertook." Dibdiris Lib. Camp. 
 
 2. Monograph of the British Jungermanniae, Lon., 1813, 
 4to. 3. British Jungermanniae, 1816, r. 4to. New ed., 
 1846, 4to. 4. Muscologia Britannica, 1818, 8vo; 1827, 8vo; 
 in conjunction with T. Taylor, M.D. New ed. of Hooker's 
 British Mosses, enlarged by Wilson, 1855, 8vo. 5. Musci 
 Exotici, 1818, 2 vols. 8vo ; large paper, 2 vols. 4to. 6. 
 Flora Scotica, 1821, 8vo. 7. Botanical Illustrations, 1822, 
 4to. 8. The Exotic Flora, Edin., 1823-27, 3 vols. r. 8vo. 
 
 "The Exotic Flora by Dr. Hooker is, like that of all the Botanical 
 publications of the indefatigable author, excellent ; and it assumes 
 an appearance of finish and perfection to which neither the Bo 
 tanical Magazine nor Register can externally lay claim." LOUDOX. 
 
 9. Plates of Ferns, fol. 10. Botanical Illustrations, ob. 
 4to. 11. Supp. to Sir James Edward Smith, M.D.'s, Eng 
 lish Flora, being vol. v., 1828, 8vo ; Pt. 1, by 'Sir W. J. H. ; 
 Pt. 2, by Sir W. J. H. and Rev. J. M. Berkeley; also, Com 
 pendium to the English Flora, new ed., by Sir W. J. II., 
 12mo. New ed. of Smith's Introduction to Physiological 
 and Systematical Botany, by Sir W. J. H., 1836, 8vo. 
 12. Flora Boreali-Americana, 1829-40, 12 Pts., 2 vols. r. 
 4to, 8 8s. This valuable work is compiled principally 
 from the plants collected by Dr. Richardson and Mr. Drum- 
 mond during the Northern Expeditions under the command 
 of Sir John Franklin. The collections of Mr. Douglas 
 and other naturalists have also been laid under contribu 
 tion. 13. Icones Filicum: Figures of Ferns. See GRE- 
 VILLE, ROBERT KAYE, No. 4. 14. Botanical Miscellany, 
 1830-33, 3 vols. r. 8vo. 15. Botany of Capt. Beechey's 
 Voyage, 1831-41, 4to ; in conjunction with G. A. W. Ar- 
 nott. 16. London Journal of Botany ; 2d Ser., 1834-42, 
 4 vols. 8vo ; 3d Ser., 1842-51, 7 vols. 8vo. 17. Flora Lon 
 dinensis. See CURTIS, WILLIAM, No. 3. 18. Icones Plan- 
 tarum, 1837-40, 4 vols. 8vo. New Series, vols. i.-vi. ; Pts. 
 1 and 2 of vol. vi. issued in 1854. 
 
 " Nothing can be more interesting to a man of science than the 
 plants represented in these volumes; nothing can be in better 
 taste or more faithful than the figures; and it is difficult to con 
 ceive how any thing can be cheaper." Lon. Athen&um. 
 
 19. Genera of Ferns, 1838-42, 12 Pts. imp. 8vo. The 
 illustrations are by the eminent botanical draughtsman, 
 Francis Bauer. 20. William Woodville, M.D.'s, Medical 
 Botany; 3d edit., 1832, 4 vols. 4to. Supp. vol., being the 
 5th, entirely by Sir W. J. Hooker, to complete the old edits., 
 1838, 4to. No one connected with the "Healing Art" 
 should be without Woodville's Medical Botany. It is a 
 56 
 
 work of the highest authority. 21. Notes on Botany of 
 the Antarctic Voyage conducted by Capt. Sir J. C. Ross, 
 1843, 8vo. 22. Species Filicum, 1846-53, in 8vo Pts.; Pt. 
 6 pub. in Jan. 1853. 23. Guide to Kew Gardens, 1847, 
 12mo; 1848, 12mo. 
 
 " A more acceptable publication could hardly have been issued. 
 The guide, descriptions, cuts, and plan of the gardens, are replete 
 with information, and are all that visitors could wish." Lon. Lit. 
 Gazette. 
 
 24. Century of Orchidaceous Plants ; with an Introduc 
 tion by John C. Lyons, 1848, 8vo, 5 5s. 
 
 " In the exquisite illustrations to this splendid volume full jus 
 tice has been rendered to the oddly-formed and often brilliantly- 
 coloured flowers of this curious and interesting tribe of plants." 
 Westminster and Foreign Quarterly Review. 
 
 " The work is enriched with a prefatory memoir by Mr. Lyons, 
 full of sound judgment and experience, on the most approved 
 method of growing Orchids." Lon. Lit. Gazette. 
 
 25. Journal of Botany and Kew Gardens Miscellany, 
 1849-54, vols. i.-v. r. 8vo. 26. British Flora; 6th ed., 
 1850, 12rao; 7th ed., in conjunction with G. A. W. Arnott, 
 1855, 12mo. 27. The Victoria Regia, illustrated by W. 
 Fitch, 1851, elephant fol. 
 
 " Although many works have been devoted to the illustration 
 and description of the Victoria Regia, it seemed still to want one 
 which, whilst it gave an accurate botanical description of the 
 plant, should at the same time show the natural size of its 
 gigantic flowers. This object has been aimed at by the combined 
 labours of Sir W. Hooker and Mr. Fitch, and with distinguished 
 success. The illustrations are every thing that could be desired 
 in the shape of botanic drawings. They are accurate, and they 
 are beautiful." Lon. Atlienceum. 
 
 28. Century of Ferns, 1854, r. 8vo. 29. The Rhodo 
 dendrons of Sikkim-Himalaya; edited by Sir W. J. H. 
 See HOOKER, JOSEPH DALTON, M.D., R.N. No. 3. 
 30. Curtis's Botanical Magazine ; Sir W. J. H., co-editor. 
 See CURTIS, SAMUEL; CURTIS, WILLIAM. Sir W. J. H. 
 has also contributed papers to the Annals of Natural His 
 tory, (associate contributors, Sir W. Jardine, P. J. Selby, 
 Dr. Johnston, and R. Taylor,) a monthly magazine of 
 Zoology, Botany, and Geology, commenced in 1838, pub. 
 in London at 30s. per annum. He has also been a con 
 tributor to Trans. Linn. Soc., <fcc. 
 
 Hooker, Worthington, M.D., b. 1806, in Spring 
 field, Mass., grad. Yale Coll., 1825, Professor in Yale Col 
 lege. 1. Physician and Patient, New York, 12mo. 
 
 " A valuable addition to our medical literature." Medical Exa 
 miner, Philadelphia. 
 
 2. The Medical Profession and the Community, 12mo. 
 3. Lessons from the Hist, of Medical Delusions, 12mo. A 
 prize Essay. 4. Homoeopathy: an Exam, of its Doctrines 
 and Evidences, 1852, 12mo. A prize Eesay. 5. First Book 
 in Physiology. 6. Human Physiology; for Colleges and 
 Schools, 1854, 12mo. Used extensively in seminaries. 7. 
 The Child's Book of Nature, 1857, sm. 4to. 8. Rational 
 Therapeutics, 1857, 12mo. A prize Essay. 9. Child's Book 
 of Common Things, 1858, 12mo. 
 
 Hookes, Elias. The Spirit of the Martyrs Revived, 
 tine anno, eed circa 1664, fol. Another ed., Lon., 1719, 8vo. 
 
 Hookes, N., of Trin. Coll., Camb. Amanda; a Sa 
 crifice to an Unknown Goddesse, or a Free-will Offering 
 of a Loving Heart to a Sweet-Heart, Lon., 1658, 8vo. 
 Very rare. Bibl. Anglo-Poet, 373, 4 10s. See Shield's 
 Introduction to Harmony. 
 
 Hookham. The Modern Husband; a Nov., Lon., 
 1769, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Hoole, Mrs. See HOFLAND, MRS. THOMAS CHRISTO 
 PHER. 
 
 Hoole, Charles, 1610-1666, an eminent schoolmas 
 ter, subsequently rector of Stock, in Essex, was a native 
 of Wakefield, Yorkshire, and educated at Lincoln College, 
 Oxford. He pub. several Latin Grammars, and other 
 educational works, 1649-1702. See Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Hoole, Elijah, a Wesleyan Missionary. 1. Madras, 
 Mysore, and the South of India, 1820-28 ; 2d ed., Lon., 
 1844, 12mo. 2. Year-Book, 1847, 8vo. 
 
 Hoole, John, 1727-1803, a native of Moorfields, Lon 
 don, was for nearly 40 years 1744-83 a clerk in the East 
 India House. 1. Trans, of Dante's Tasso's Jerusalem De 
 livered, Lon., 1763, 2 vols. 8vo. We have already noticed 
 this translation in our life of FAIRFAX, EDWARD, q. v. 
 
 " Among the valuable acquisitions I made about this time [of 
 leaving the High School] was an acquaintance with Tasso's Jeru 
 salem, through the flat medium of Mr. Hoole's translation." Sir 
 Walter Scott's Autobiography. 
 
 " The reader will observe in the foregoing specimens of Hoole 
 how a bad translator takes refuge from the real feelings of his 
 author in vagueness and cant phrases. . . . When Mr. Hoole takes 
 leave of his author, it is for want of strength to accompany him ; 
 when Fairfax does it, it is to lead you into some beautiful corner 
 of his fancy." LEIGH HUNT : Critique on Fairfax's Tasso. 
 
 2. Dramas of Metastasio, 1767, 2 vols. 12mo. Enlarged 
 ed., 3 vols. 8vo. 3. Cyrus j a Tragedy, 1768, 8vo. Founded 
 
1100 
 
 on the II Giro Rioconoscinto of Metnstasio. 4. Timanthes ; 
 a Tragedy, 1770, 8vo. 5. Trans, of Ariosto's Orlando 
 Furioso, with Notes, 1773-83, 5 vols. Svo; 1807, 6 vols. 
 12mo. Abridged ed., 1791, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "That vile version of Hoole's. . . . The flat couplets of a 
 rhymester like Hoole." ROBERT SOUTHEY : Life and Corresp. 
 
 Mr. Roscoe says of Ariosto, " In the Orlando we admire 
 the poet, but in the Satires we love the man !" 6. Cleonia ; 
 a Tragedy. 7. Trans, of Tasso's Rinaldo ; a Poem, 1792, 
 8vo. 8. Critical Essays of John Scott, of Amwell; with 
 his Life, by J. Hoole, 1785, 8vo. Dr. Johnson with 
 whom our author was intimate valued Hoole's abilities 
 much more highly than they deserved: see FAIRFAX, 
 EDWARD. Modern critics, as we have seen, have deducted 
 largely from the estimate of the great lexicographer : 
 
 " Mr. Hoole, the translator of Tasso and Ariosto, and in that 
 capacity a noble transmuter of gold into lead. ... He did exactly 
 BO many couplets day by day, neither more nor less; and habit 
 had made it light to him, however heavy it might seem to the 
 reader." SIB WALTER SCOTT : Diary, June 4, 1826. 
 
 " Ben Jouson was a great man, Hoole a very small man. But 
 Hoole, coming after Pope, had learned how to manufacture deca 
 syllabic verses, and poured them forth by thousands and tens of 
 thousands, all as well-timed, as smooth, and as like each other, as 
 the blocks which have passed through Mr. Brunei's mill in the 
 dock-yard at Portsmouth. Ben's heroic couplets resemble blocks 
 rudely hewn out by an unpractised hand with a blunt hatchet. 
 Take as a specimen his translation of a celebrated passage in the 
 JEneid : 
 
 " ' This child our parent earth, stirred up with spite'. . . . 
 Compare with these jagged misshapen distichs the neat fabric 
 which Hoole's machine produces in unlimited abundance. We 
 take the first lines on which we open in his version of Tasso. 
 They are neither better nor worse than the rest." T. B.MACAULAY : 
 Edin. Rev., July, 1843; and his Collected Essays, Lon., 1854, iii. 365. 
 
 See Nichols's Lit. Anec, ; Boswell's Life of Johnson ; 
 European Mag., 1792 ; Gent. Mag., vol. Ixxiii. 
 
 Hoolc, Joseph, Rector of St. Anne's, Manchester. 
 
 1. Admonition to Churchwardens, Lon., 1727, 12mo. 2. 
 Guide to Communicants, 1739, 12mo. 3. Serins, on seve 
 ral Important Subjects, 1748, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Hoole, Samuel, minister of Poplar, Ac., son of John 
 Hoole, (ante.) 1. Modern Manners ; a Poem, 1781, 8vo. 
 
 2. Aurelia; a Poem, 1783, 4to. 3. Serms., 1786, 8vo. 4, 
 Edward ; a Poem, 1787, 4to. 5. Miscell. Poems, 1790, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 6. Trans, of the Select Works of A. Van 
 Leuwenhoeck, from the Dutch and Latin, 1798-1810, 
 2 vols. 4to. 7. Serm., 1804, 8vo. 
 
 Hooper, Edward James, b. 1803, in England, 
 settled in the United States in 1830, is the author of a 
 Dictionary of Agriculture, Cincin., 1842, edited for several 
 years the Western Farmer and Gardener, and has been 
 for upwards of twenty years a constant contributor to 
 agricultural journals. 
 
 Hooper, George, D.D., 1640-1727, a native of 
 Grimley, Worcestershire, was educated at St. Paul's and 
 Westminster schools, elected to Christ Church College 
 Oxford, 1657; Rector of Lambeth, 1675; Dean of Canter 
 bury, 1691; Bishop of St. Asaph's, 1703; trans, to Bath 
 and Wells, 1704. He pub. a work on Ancient Measures 
 Lon., 1721, 8vo, an'on. ; and a number of serins, anc 
 theolog. treatises, 1681-1713. A collective ed. of his 
 works was pub. at Oxford, 1757, fol., by Dr. Hunt, the 
 Professor of Hebrew. 
 
 "He was the best scholar, the finest gentleman, and woul 
 make the completest bishop, that ever was educated at Westmin 
 Bter school." DR. BUSBY. 
 
 See Todd's Lives of the Deans of Canterbury ; Genl 
 Diet. ; Burnet's Own Times ; Athen. Oxon. ; Nichols's 
 Atterbury ; Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; Gent. Mag., vols. xvii 
 and Ixii. 
 
 Hooper, J. 1. Serm., Lon., 1819, 8vo. 2. Serms. ti 
 Young People, 1821, 12mo. 
 
 "Worthy to become a standing work for the instruction of suc 
 ceeding generations." Lon. Oongreg. Mag. 
 
 Hooper, Ja. The Hist, of the Rebellion and Civi 
 Wars during the reign of Charles I., Lon., 1738, fol. No 
 esteemed. 
 
 Hooper, James, M.D. Medical treatises, Lon. 
 1778, '92. 
 
 Hooper, John, the Reformer and Martyr, 1495- 
 1554, a native of Somersetshire, educated at Merton Col 
 lege, Oxford, was for some time one of the Cistercians, o 
 White Monks, but subsequently embraced the principle 
 of the Reformation. In 1539 he fled to Zurich, and re 
 mained abroad until the accession of Edward VI. In 155! 
 he was consecrated Bishop of Gloucester, and about tw< 
 years later he had the bishopric of Worcester given t. 
 him, in commendam. On the accession of Mary, July 
 1553, he was a prominent mark for the persecutors ; and 
 refusing to recant, he was burnt in the city of Gloucester 
 
 HOP 
 
 ear his own cathedral, on the 9th of the February en- 
 uing. He was the author of many theological treatises, 
 xpositions, and serms., for an account of which, see 
 fox's Martyrs ; Burnet's Hist, of the Reformation ; 
 Strype's Cranmer; Fathers of the English Church, vol. 
 .; British Reformers, vol. iv. ; Tracts of Ang. Fathers, 
 ol. ii. ; Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Wordsworth's Eccles. Biog. 
 ?he reader must procure the following collections of the 
 writings of this excellent man : 
 
 Early Writings, edited, with Biographical Notice, Index, 
 Ac., by S. Carr, Camb., (Univ. Press,) 1843, Svo. Contents : 
 A Declaration of Christ and his Office ; Answer to Bishop 
 Jardiner; a Declaration of the X. Commandments; Ser 
 mons upon the Prophet Jonas; and Funeral Sermon on 
 Rev. xiv. 13. 
 
 Later Writings, together with his Letters and other 
 ieces, edited, with Biographical Notice, Index, &c., by 
 ). Nevinson, Camb., (Univ. Press,) 1852, Svo. Contents: 
 A Lesson of the Incarnation of Christ; Confession of 
 ?aith; Annotations on Romans xiii. ; Copy of Visitation 
 Book ; Expositions of Psalms xxiii., Ixii., Ixxiii., and 
 xxvii.; Treatise respecting Judge Hales; Epistola ad 
 Episcopos, &c. ; Appellatio ad Parliamentum; Hyperapis- 
 mus de vera Doctrina et Usa Coenae Domini, &c. 
 
 A new ed. of Bishop Hooper's Works, pub. by J. H. 
 Parker, Oxford, 1855, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 A number of Bishop Hooper's works have been repub. 
 separately within the last few years. 
 
 " Life is sweet and death bitter," said Sir Anthony Kingston to 
 Bishop Hooper at the stake. " True, friend," replied Hooper ; "but 
 ;he death to come is more bitter, and the life to come more sweet." 
 Hooper, John. Early Piety Displayed, 1813, Svo. 
 Hooper, Rev. John. Theolog. treatises, 1829-31. 
 Hooper, Johnson J. 1. Adventures of Capt. Simon 
 Suggs, Phila., 12mo. 2. Widow Rugby's Husband, and 
 other Tales of Alabama, 1851, 12mo. . 
 
 Hooper, Joseph. Medical treatises, 1782-89. 
 Hooper, Lucy, 1816-1S41, a native of Newburyport, 
 Massachusetts, removed in her 15th year to Brooklyn, 
 Long Island, where she resided until her death. In early 
 life she contributed' many poetical essays to the Long 
 Island Star, and the New Yorker, a daily paper; and in 
 1840 pub. a vol. of prose sketches, entitled Scenes from 
 Real Life. She also gave to the world at the same time 
 An Essay on Domestic Happiness. During her last illness 
 she was preparing for publication a work entitled The 
 Poetry of Flowers, which appeared shortly after her de 
 cease. In 1842 Mr. John Keese edited a collection of her 
 Literary Remains, prefaced by a Memoir; and an enlarged 
 edit, of her Poetical Works was pub. in 1S48. Specimens 
 of the poetry of this accomplished lady are given in Gris- 
 wold's Female Poets of America, where the reader will 
 find eloquent tributes to the memory of Miss Hooper from 
 John G. Whittier, Henry T. Tuckerman, and Dr. John W. 
 Francis. See also Democratic Review, xi. 90. 
 
 Hooper, Robert, M.D., an eminent medical writer, 
 pub. several professional works, among which are 1. The 
 Anatomist's Vade-Mecum, Lon., 1797, Svo; 5th ed., 1804, 
 12mo. Since reprinted. 2. On Plants, Oxf., 1797, Svo; 
 Lon., 1798, 8vo. 3. Medical Dictionary, 1798, 12mo ; 8th 
 ed. See GRANT, KLEIN, M.D. 16th Amer. ed., with ad- 
 dits. by Samuel Akerly, M.D., 8vo, N. York. 4. Epi 
 demical Diseases, Lon., 1803, 8vo. 5. Physician's Vade- 
 Mecum, Lon., 1809, 12mo. New eds., by Dr. Guy, 1846, 
 12mo ; 1851, 12mo ; (4th ed.,) 1853, 12mo. N. York, with 
 addits. by John Stewart, M.D., Svo. 6. Exam, in Ana 
 tomy, Physiology, <fec., 1810, '14, 12mo. Since reprinted. 
 7. Morbid Anatomy of the Brain, r. 4to. 8. Of the Uterus, 
 r. 4to. 9. Surgeon's Vade-Mecum. See DUNGLISON, ROB- 
 LEY, M.D., LL.D., No. 4 of Works edited by him. And 
 see Lon. Mem. Med., 1799. 
 
 Hooper, Wm., d. 1767, a minister in Boston, Mass., 
 pub. The Apostles neither Impostors nor Enthusiasts, 
 1742 ; and a Funl. Serm., 1763. 
 
 Hooper, Wm., M.D., trans, a number of works from 
 the French and German, Lon., 1768-77, and wrote Rational 
 Recreations in Numbers and Natural Philosophy, 1774, 
 '87, '94 ; each ed. in 4 vols. Svo. 
 
 Hooson, Wm. The Miner's Dictionary, Wrexham, 
 1747, 8vo. Criticized in a Letter by D. W. Linden, Chester, 
 1747, 8vo. 
 
 Hope, Mrs. Self-Education, and the Formation of 
 Character; 2d ed., Lon., 1846, 18mo. 
 
 " Mrs. Hope's work shows that she has studied the best writers 
 on education, and her views are decidedly in advance of the age. 
 Parents and teachers will gain many useful hints from its perusal." 
 Lon. Record. 
 Other works. 
 
HOP 
 
 Hope, Lt.-Col. Letter to the Volunteers, 1804. 
 Hope, C. Notes on the Subject of Hearing Counsel 
 in the Inner House, Edin., 1826, 8vo. 
 
 Hope, I. Brittany and the Bible, Lon., 1852, sq. 
 Hope, Rev. F. W. Coleopterist's Manual : Pt. 1, 
 Lainellicorn Insects, 1837, 8vo ; 1839, 8vo. Pt. 2, Prede- 
 ceous Beetles, 1838, 8vo; 1845, 8vo. Pt. 3, Various Bee 
 tles, 1841, 8vo. 
 
 " The best and most complete example of systematic entomology 
 which we have ever seen." Lon. Lit. Gazette. 
 
 Hope, J. C., Lutheran pastor, S. Carolina, pub. a work 
 on Universalism. 
 
 Hope, James, M.D., Physician to St. George's Hos 
 pital, London, has been already referred to in our article 
 on GRANT, KLEIN, M.D., to which, and authorities there 
 cited, we refer the reader. 1. Principles and Illustrations 
 of Morbid Anatomy, Lon., 1834, 8vo; Phila., 8vo. 
 
 " The immense field from which Dr. Hope has the opportunity 
 of gleaning a rich harvest as physician to an institution where so 
 many sick and aged are assembled, produces fruits worthy of his 
 talents and industry." Lon. Med. and Surg, Jour. 
 
 2. Treatise on Diseases of the Heart and Great Vessels; 
 3d ed., 1839, 8vo; 4th ed., 1848, 12mo; Phila. edit, by C. 
 W. Pennock, 1846, 18mo. We quote a few lines from the 
 3d edit. : 
 
 " The addition of one-third of new matter to the present volume, 
 and the care with which the whole has been revised and corrected, 
 will, I trust, sufficiently prove my respect for the favourable opi 
 nion of my professional brethren, as evinced, not in this country 
 only, but also on the European and American continents, by the 
 sale of no less than six or seven editions and translations in as 
 many years." Extract from Preface. 
 
 " When his great work on Diseases cf the Heart was first pub 
 lished, the whole profession united in commendation of its excel 
 lence ; and in the enlarged and improved form in which the author 
 was fortunately enabled to reproduce it in a third edition, it is now 
 universally acknowledged to be the best book on the subject in 
 any language." Brit, and For. Med. Sev. 
 
 "Dr. Hope has produced the best work on the diseases of the 
 heart that has yet emanated from the press." Lon. Med. Gazette. 
 Notice of the 4th edit. : 
 
 " The publisher has judged wisely in producing this new edition 
 in a form more convenient and less expensive than any of its pre 
 decessors. The value of the book is increased by the addition of 
 some notes and cases left in MS. by the author, and directed by 
 him to be inserted in this edition. For our knowledge of diseases 
 of the heart, we are in no small degree indebted to the zealous 
 Inquiries and pursuits of the lamented author." Lon. Lancet. 
 
 See an interesting account of Dr. Hope's first experi 
 ments on auscultation, at St. George's Hospital, in Ked- 
 die's Cyc. of Lit. and Scientific Anec., Lon. and Glasg., 
 1854. 
 
 Hope, John, M.D., 1725-1786, educated at the Univ. 
 of Edinburgh, and at Paris, was in 1761 appointed King's 
 Botanist in Scotland, Superintendent of the Royal Garden, 
 and Professor of Botany and Materia Medica, and in 1786 
 was nominated Regius Professor of Botany in the Univ. 
 of Edinburgh. He pub. a Dissert, in Phil. Trans., 1769, 
 on the Rheum Palmatum, and another in Phil. Trans., 
 1785, on the Ferula Asafoetida. At the time of his death 
 he left unfinished an extensive work on botany, which had 
 long engaged his anxious interest. See his Life, by D. 
 Duncan, Medical Commentaries, Dec. ii., vol. iii. The 
 ehrub Hopea was so named by Linnaeus in compliment to 
 Dr. Hope. 
 
 Hope, John. Letters on Certain Proceedings in 
 Parliament, 1769-70, Lon., 1772, 8vo. 
 
 Hope, John. Thoughts in Prose and Verse, 1780 
 8vo. 
 
 Hope, John. Letters on Credit, Lon., 1784, 8vo. 
 " This publication is of very little value." McOulloch's Lit. of 
 Polit. Econ., q. v. 
 
 Hope, John. Letter to the Lord-Chancellor on the 
 Claims of the Church of Scotland, Edin., 1839, 8vo. 
 Hope, L. Essay on Consumption. 
 Hope, Sir Thomas, d. 1646, a Scotch lawyer, was 
 the son of Henry Hope, a merchant of Edinburgh, am 
 subsequently of Holland, where, as in England, the family 
 have been distinguished for two centuries. 1. Carmen 
 SeculareinSerenissimumCarolumI.,Brit. Monarch. Edin. 
 1626, 4to. 2. Psalmi Davidis et Canticum Solomonis, La 
 tino Carmine redditum, MS. 3. Major Practicks. 4. Mi 
 nor Practicks ; or, a Treatise of the Scotch Law, <fcc., editec 
 by J. Spottiswood, 1726, '34, 8vo. A valuable work. 5 
 Decisions. 6. Paratitillo in universe Juris Corpore. 7. A 
 Genealogie of the Earls of Mar, MS. There are severa 
 of his MSS. in the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. The 
 Diary of his Public Correspondence, 1633-45, was pub. by 
 the Bannatyne Club, 1843, 4to. See Pinkerton's Scottish 
 Gallery; Wood's Account of the Parish of Cramond 
 Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scots 
 men. 
 
 HOP 
 
 Hopius mira inventione pollebat, totque illi fundebat argtt- 
 mento ut amplificatione teinpus deesset ; non ornabat, sed argue- 
 iat, modo uniformi, sed sibi proprio. Nam cum argumentum vel 
 xceptionem protulisset, rationem addebat ; et ubi dubia videba- 
 ur, rationis rationem. Ita rhetorica non illi defuit, sed inutilis 
 pparuit." SIR GEORGE MACKENZIE : Character?* Advocatorum. 
 
 Hope, Thomas, M.D. 1. Operation on the Eye; 
 >hil. Trans., 1744. 2. Daviel's Method of Couching, ibid., 
 751. 
 
 Hope, Thomas, d. 1831, of the same family as Sir 
 Thomas Hope, (ante,) was one of the three brothers of this 
 lame well known as wealthy merchants of Amsterdam. 
 Che subject of our notice devoted a considerable time, 
 whilst still quite young, to extensive peregrinations in 
 various parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and, after retir- 
 ng from business, purchased two spacious mansions, one 
 n Duchess Street, London, and the other ("Deepdene") 
 n the vicinity of Dorking. Thus permanently settled in 
 England, Mr. Hope soon rendered his residences famous as 
 choice galleries of the finest specimens of art. The reader 
 will find an account of Mr. Hope's town-mansion in Britton 
 and Pugin's Public Buildings of London, and in West- 
 macott's Account of the British Galleries of Painting and 
 Sculpture. For a description of "Deepdene," see Aubrey's 
 Perambulation of the County of Surrey ; Neale's Seats of 
 Noblemen and Gentlemen ; and Prosser's Views in Surrey. 
 The owner of all this magnificence died February 3, 1831, 
 leaving a personal property of 180,000. To give some 
 dea of the vast wealth of members of this family, we may 
 state that Henry Philip Hope, a brother of the subject of 
 this notice, left at his death, in 1840, a collection of dia 
 monds and other precious stones valued at 150,000, and 
 an income of 30,000 to each of his three nephews. A 
 younger member of this family has within the last few years 
 built a church and a missionary-institution iu London at a 
 cost of about 70,000. 
 
 Mr. Hope's love of the fine arts, classical enthusiasm, 
 and exquisite perception of the beautiful in articles of 
 use as well as in the appliances of luxury, were developed 
 in several publications, which have deservedly given him 
 a high rank as an author. 1. A Letter addressed to F. 
 Annesley, Esq., on a Series of Designs for Downing Col 
 lege, Cambridgeshire. See Lon. Gent. Mag., 1831. 2. 
 Household Furniture and Internal Decorations ; executed 
 from Designs by the Author, Lon., 1807, r. fol., 5 5. 
 Large paper, atlas fol., 10 10s. Pp. 173. This work 
 was unmercifully handled by Lord Jeffrey in the Edin. 
 Rev., x. 478-486. 
 
 " If the salvation of Europe depended on Mr. Hope's eloquence, 
 he could not have exerted it with more earnestness and anima 
 tion ; and we are convinced that neither the restorers of learning 
 nor the reformers of religion ever spoke of their subject in terms 
 half so magnificent, nor of their own abilities with such studied 
 and graceful modesty, as this ingenious person has here done in 
 recommending to his countrymen a better form for their lamps, 
 sideboards, and cradles." LORD JEFFREY: ubi supra; and see 
 Lon. Month. Rev., Iviii. 175-181. 
 
 But, notwithstanding the dread reviewer's wit, this work 
 led the .way to a complete revolution in the upholstery 
 and interior decoration of houses : 
 
 " To Mr. Hope we are indebted in an eminent degree for the 
 classical and appropriate style which now generally characterizes 
 our furniture and domestic utensils." Britten's Union of Paint 
 ing, Scidpture, and Architecture. 
 
 3. The Costume of the Ancients. Engravings princi 
 pally by H. Moses, 1809, r. 8vo; large paper, 4to; 2d ed., 
 with about 300 plates, 1812, 2 vols. 8vo, 2 2s. ; large 
 paper, 2 vols. r. 4to, 5 5s. New ed., with about 340 
 plates, 1841, 2 vols. r. 8vo, 2 12s. 6rf. On the publica 
 tion of this expensive work, Mr. Hope sacrificed 1000 
 of the cost, in order to put the price at a low rate. 
 
 " The substance of many expensive works, containing all that 
 may be necessary to give to artists, and even to dramatic per 
 formers, and to others engaged in classical representations, an 
 idea of ancient costumes sufficiently ample to prevent their 
 offending in their performances by gross and obvious blunders." 
 
 4. Designs of Modern Costumes, 1812, fol. Engravings 
 by H. Moses. 
 
 "These works [Nos. 3 and 4] evinced a profound research Into 
 the works of antiquity, and a familiarity with all that is graceful 
 and elegant." Lon. Gent. Mag., April, 1831; q.v. for an interest 
 ing biography of Mr. Hope. 
 
 5. Anastasius, or Memoirs of a Modern Greek, written 
 at the Close of the Eighteenth Century, 1819, 3 vols. 8vo ; 
 3d ed., 1820, 3 vols. 8vo. Anon. Reprinted Bentley's 
 Standard Novels, 5 and 521839, 2 vols. 12mo ; again in 
 1849. This novel is of the school of Beckford and Byron ; 
 displaying a vivid imagination, remarkable powers of 
 graphic description, a cultivated classical taste, and a 
 minute accuracy in the accounts of Eastern climes and 
 Oriental manners. The author is, however, justly to be 
 blamed for the licentious tone so often obtruded on his 
 
HOP 
 
 HOP 
 
 readers. As the work appeared anonymously, the author 
 ship was for some time a matter of doubt. A writer in 
 Blackwood (x. 200-206, in Familiar Epistles to Christo 
 pher North, Letter 11) ridiculed the idea of Hope's pro 
 ducing such a work : 
 
 "Mr. Hope is a very respectable and decorous gentleman, he 
 can write, with some endeavour, passably about chests of drawers, 
 paper-hangings, and cushions as. soft as his own or any other 
 brains; but that he has either the courage or the power to compile 
 such a work as Anastasius, I utterly and entirely deny. ... I 
 would call your attention to a few circumstances that, 1 conceive 
 you will allow, constitute strong proofs that Anastasius is the 
 production of Byron." 
 
 This Epistle elicited a letter from Hope, in the next 
 number of the Magazine, (x. 312,) in which he claimed 
 the sole authorship of ANASTASIUS. See also Blackwood's 
 Mag., xv. 51. From the many reviews before us, by 
 eminent critics, of this remarkable medley of Oriental 
 romance and classic travel, we have space for but brief 
 quotations : 
 
 "This is an extraordinary work in every sense of that word. 
 .... It seems to be the object of the writer to unite the enter 
 tainment of a novel with the information of a book of travels. 
 .... Anastasius and the volumes which record his memoirs 
 form a paradox of contradiction. The Greek adventurer is acute 
 and dull, generous and niggardly, tender-hearted and cruel; and 
 the book, in harmony with its hero, is rational and absurd, pro 
 found and shallow, amusing and tiresome, to a degree beyond 
 what we should have thought it possible to achieve in the same 
 performance, if we had not seen it exemplified in the author be 
 fore us." WILLIAM GIFFORD : Lon. Quar. Rev., xxiv. 511-529. 
 
 " Mr. Hope will excuse us, but we could not help exclaiming, 
 in reading it, ' Is this Mr. Thomas Hope? Is this the man of 
 chairs and tables the gentleman of sphinxes the (Edipus of 
 coal-boxes he who meditated on muffineers and planned pokers? 
 Where has he hidden all this eloquence and poetry up to this 
 hour? How is it that he has, all of a sudden, burst out into 
 descriptions which would not disgrace the. pen of Tacitus and 
 displayed a depth of feeling, and a vigour of imagination, which 
 Lord Byron could not excel?' We do not shrink from one syl 
 lable of this eulogium. The work now before us places him at 
 once in the highest list of eloquent writers and of superior men. 
 .... The sum of our eulogium is that Mr. Hope, without being 
 very successful in his story, or remarkably successful in the delinea 
 tion of character, has written a novel, which all clever people of a 
 certain age should read, because it is full of marvellously fine 
 things." SYDNEY SMITH : Edin. Rev., xxxv. 92-102 : Works, Lon., 
 1854, ii. 173-185. 
 
 That profound classical scholar and accomplished belles- 
 lettres critic, Edward Everett, of Massachusetts, still, 
 fortunately for our national reputation, living amongst us 
 in the maturity of his extraordinary powers, and hardly 
 even yet become "the old man eloquent," wrote, nearly 
 forty years ago, for the columns of the North American 
 Review, an elaborate review of Anastasius, which choice 
 piece of criticism we beg to commend to the perusal of our 
 readers. As regards the work reviewed, we can hardly 
 advise so general a perusal. 
 
 In the words of Mr. Everett : 
 
 " We are afraid to recommend the book itself to indiscriminate 
 perusal. Some parts are dull and some offensive; and the whole 
 of it requires more geographical knowledge, to be read under- 
 standingly, than can be supposed to be in the possession of 
 general readers. For, notwithstanding what we have said of the 
 elevated character of the novel-writing of the present day, we 
 presume no one reads a novel with a map. Without a very good 
 map, Anastasius will be unintelligible. . . . The author has occa 
 sionally indulged in a licentiousness equally immoral and dis- 
 
 Sisting." N. Amer. Rev., Oct. 1820, xi. 271-306. See also Lon. 
 onth. Rev., xci. 1, 131 ; Edin. Month. Kev., iv. 423. 
 "Hope has a pure and a quick fancy, and maintains the spirit 
 and manner of his characters with remarkable consistency and 
 truth. _. . . The faults of the work are twofold : the chief cha 
 racter is a cold-hearted scoundrel, whom we loathe from our soul; 
 and the language is neither prose nor poetry, but a 
 
 " Babylonish dialect 
 Which learned pedants most affect.' " 
 ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog. and Grit. Hist, of the Lit. of the Last 
 
 Fifty Years. 
 
 We have seen that Lord Byron generally obtained the 
 credit of the authorship of Anastasius : 
 
 T nastasi us first made its appearance, everybody thought 
 
 If! B y ro , n was taking to write prose; for there was no living 
 author but Lord Byron supposed capable of having written such 
 a book. When Byron denied the work, (and, in fact, his lordship 
 could not have written it,) people looked about again, and won- 
 
 * uii!^l * Ut * r could ** ' ' ' The book was absolutely cram 
 med with bold incidents and brilliant descriptions, with historical 
 details, given in a style which Hume or Gibbon could scarcely have 
 surpassed, and with analysis of human character and impulse, 
 
 ? 
 
 Such being the character of the work, we need not be 
 surprised that Lord Byron was not offended with the im 
 putation of its authorship : 
 
 "Byron spoke to-day in terms of high commendation of Hope's 
 
 Anastasius; said that he wept bitterly over many pages of it and 
 
 for two reasons : first, that he had not written it, and secondly 
 
 that Hope had; for that it was necessary to like a man excessively 
 
 884 
 
 to pardon his writing such a book. a book, as he said, excelling 
 all recent productions as much iu wit and talent as in true pathos. 
 He added that he would have given his two most approved poeuis 
 to have been the author of Anastasius." Countess of Blessington's 
 Conversations with Lord Byron. 
 
 At the time of his death Mr. Hope left two works in 
 MSS., which were subsequently given to the world, viz. : 
 
 6. An Essay on the Origin and Prospects of Man, 1831, 
 3 vols. 8vo. This work affords a striking illustration of 
 the absurdities into which chimerical speculations and the 
 vagaries of an unbalanced imagination will hurry men 
 whose education and opportunities would have promised 
 better things. Mr. Hope, whilst discarding the authority 
 of the Holy Scriptures, offers us instead of them the un 
 supported excogitations of his own not very sober brain. 
 He professes, indeed, to believe the Bible just so far as 
 he finds it to consist with his own notions of truth. But 
 the folly and incongruity of the author's speculations have 
 been so well exposed by Robert Southey, in his letter to 
 Henry Taylor of July 15, 1851, (see Southey's Life and 
 Correspondence,) that we may be excused from lingering 
 on the subject. A review of the work of about as little 
 value as the book itself will be found in the Lon. Month. 
 Rev. for July, 1831, 390-405. 
 
 7. An Historical Essay on Architecture ; illustrated by 
 Drawings made by him in Italy and Germany, 1835, 2 
 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., 1840, 2 vols. r. 8vo, 99 Plates, 2 : Ana 
 lytical Index to, by Edward Cresy, r. 8vo, 6s. An elabo 
 rate review of this work will be found in Lon. Gent. Mag. 
 for June, 1835. The critic styles Hope's Essay 
 
 "The most comprehensive elucidation of the architecture of the 
 Middle Ages which has ever appeared in this country." 
 
 Hope, Thomas Charles, M.D., Professor of Che 
 mistry in the Univ. of Edinburgh. 1. Tentamen Inaug. 
 quaedam de Planetarum Motibus et Vita, complectens, 
 Edin., 1787, 8vo. 2. On Strontian Earth, 1793, 4to. 3. 
 Con. on nat, philos., Ac. to Trans. Soc., Edin., 1796, 1805 ; 
 Nic. Jour., 1803, '05. 
 
 Hope, Sir William, Bart. 1. Complete Fencing- 
 Master, Lon., 1691, 12mo; 1692, 8vo. 2. Swordsman's 
 Vade-Mecum, 1694, 12mo. 3. New Method of Fencing, 
 Edin., 1707, '14, 4to. 4. Self-Defence, 1724, 8vo. 5. Trans, 
 of Solleysell's Compleat Horseman, 1696, fol. j 1717, fol. 
 Abridged, 1711, 8vo. 
 
 Hope, William, M.D., Operative Chemist. The 
 Practical Chemist's Pocket Guide, Lon., 1839, 32uio. 
 
 *' To those who wish to acquire a general knowledge of Chemistry, 
 we most cordially recommend this pocket manual." Liverpool 
 Standard. 
 
 Hopkins. A Large Bone of the Stag Kind; Phil. 
 Trans., 1752. 
 
 Hopkins, Benjamin, Curate of Key worth, Notts, 
 Perpetual Curate of Barbon. Serms., Lon., 1838 ; 2d ed., 
 Lon., 1838, 8vo; 1841, '42. 
 
 " Useful additions to the stock of domestic sermons." REV. R. 
 WILSON EVANS. 
 
 Hopkins, Charles, 1664-1699, a son of Bishop Eze- 
 kiel Hopkins, was a native of Exeter, and educated at 
 Trinity College, Dublin, and Queen's College, Cambridge. 
 1. Epistolary Poems and Translations, 1694. In Nichols's 
 Collection. 2. Pyrrhus, King of Egypt j a Trag., Lon., 
 1695, 4to. 3. The Hist, of Love; from Ovid, 1695. 4. 
 Art of Love. 5. Boadicea, Queen of Britain; a Trag., 
 1697, 4to. 6. Friendship Improved; a Trag., 1697, 1700, 
 4to. See Jacobs's Lives ; Biog. Dramat. ; Nichols's Poems. 
 Hopkins, David, of the Bengal Medical Establish 
 ment, d. at Samarang, in the island of Java, 1814. 1. The 
 Dangers of British India, 1809, '13, 8vo. 2. A Vocabu 
 lary of Persian, Arabic, and English ; abridged from Dr. 
 C. Wilkins's ed. of Richardson's Dictionary. 
 
 Hopkins, Rev. Erastus, b. 1810, at Hadley, Mass., 
 settled three years in South Carolina, and four years in 
 Troy, New York, was for seven years President of the 
 Connecticut River Railroad Company, and has represented 
 the town of Northampton in the Massachusetts Legislature 
 for seven years out of the last ten. He is the author of 
 The Family a Religious Institution, Troy, 1840 ; a num 
 ber of Political Speeches, Reports, <fcc. ; and some articles 
 in the political and religious periodicals of the day. 
 
 Hopkins, Ezekiel, 1633-1690, a native of Sandford, 
 Devonshire, educated at Magdalen College, Oxford, became 
 minister of St. Mary Woolnoth, London, and subsequently 
 of St. Mary's, Exeter; Dean of Raphoe, 1669; Bishop of 
 Raphoe, 1671; trans, to Londonderry, 1681. In 1688 he 
 was driven from his diocese by the forces under the Earl 
 of Tyrconnel; and, taking refuge in London, he was elected 
 minister of Alderrnanbury in September, 1689, and there 
 remained until his death, June 22, 1690. His writings are 
 greatly admired even by those who do not share his Cal- 
 
HOP 
 
 HOP 
 
 Vinistic doctrines. 1. Treatise of the Vanity of the World, 
 1663. 2. Funl. Serm., 1668. 3. Funl. Serm., 1671. 4. 
 Death Disarmed of its Sting, &c., 1679, 1712, 8vo. Nos. 
 1, 2, and 3 were reprinted (2d ed.) in 1 vol. 8vo, in 1685. 
 5. Serins, on Several Scriptures, 1691, vol. ii., 1693 ; Hi., 
 1694; iv., 1696, all 8vo. 6. Expos, on the Lord's Prayer, 
 with some Sertns., 1692, '98, 8vo. 7. Expos, on the Ten 
 Commandments, with other Serms., 1692, 4to. 8. Expos, 
 on the Ten Commandments, with the Expos, of the Lord's 
 Prayer ; and other Serms., 1692, 4to, pp. 822. 9. Whole 
 Works, now first collected, 1701, fol. The two following 
 8vo vols., first pub. from the author's MSS. in 1712, are 
 necessary to complete the fol. of 1701. 10. Doctrine of 
 the Two Covenants, &c. 11. Doctrine of the Two Sacra 
 ments, <fec. Watt (Bibl. Brit.) says that there was another 
 fol. ed. in 1710; but this is disputed. If not, there was no 
 ed. later than that of 1701, until the appearance of the 
 Rev. Josiah Pratt's ed. of 1809, 4 vols. 8vo, 1 16s.; large 
 paper, 4 vols. r. 8vo, 2 10*. New ed., with a Memoir of 
 the Author, 1841, r. 8vo, 18. ; also, with a General Index 
 of Texts and Subjects, 1841, 2 vols. r. 8vo, 1 4. An 
 other ed., 1843, 2 vols. r. 8vo, 1 la. There have been 
 recent edits, of a number of Bp. Hopkins's works, pub. 
 separately; and in 1827 the Rev. W. Wilson, D.D., pub. a 
 Selection from the Works of Bishop Hopkins, with a brief 
 Sketch of his Life, Lon., I8mo. 
 
 "Hopkins's motto, aut suaviter aut vi, well answered his works ; 
 yet he trusted most to the latter, awakening men awfully ; yet 
 sometimes he bent the bow till it broke : an error greatly to be 
 guarded against" DR. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 " He was one of the last of that race of sound divines to which 
 the Reformation gave birth, and who, in uninterrupted succession, 
 had maintained in the episcopal chair the genuine doctrines of the 
 Scripture and the English church. . . . Four excellencies appear to 
 me to be combined in him as a writer. In doctrine he is sound 
 and discriminating ; in style rich and harmonious ; in illustration 
 apt and forcible ; and in application awakening and persuasive." 
 REV. JOSIAH PRATT. 
 
 " His Works form of themselves a sound body of divinity, with 
 some of the faults of the day in artificial distinctions and divi 
 sions. He is clear, vehement, and persuasive." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 " Whatever be the nature of the subject on which he treats, his 
 hand is instinctively seen to be that of a master: throughout we 
 find a strength of thought, an originality of illustration, a force 
 and felicity of style, a homely raciness of expression, which com 
 mand perpetual attention." Lon. Witness. 
 
 "In Hopkins we are struck with the use of strong and forcible 
 imagery in the illustration of his positions. His style is plain, 
 familiar, and perspicuous, and yet withal forcible and nervous. 
 His chief excellence is that he can be plain and energetic almost 
 at the same time. We recommend him strongly to the younger 
 clergy." Lon. Chris. Observ. 
 
 "The fervent and affectionate Hopkins." REV. JAMES HERVET. 
 
 "Bishop Hopkins, for his excellency in that noble faculty [of 
 preaching] was celebrated by all men. He was followed and ad 
 mired in all places where he lived, and was justly esteemed one 
 of the best preachers of our age, and his discourses always smelt 
 of the lamp: they were very elaborate and well digested." 
 Prince's Worthies of Devon. 
 
 Hopkins, H. W. Serm., Lon., 1796, 8vo. 
 
 Hopkins, John, b. 1675, a son of Bishop Ezekiel 
 Hopkins. 1. The Triumphs of Peace, or The Glories of 
 Nassau ; a Pindaric Poem, 1698. 2. The Victory of Death ; 
 a Pindaric Poem, 1698, 8vo. 3. Amasia, or The Works of 
 the Muses; a Collection of Poems, 1700, 3 vols. This is 
 his principal performance. See Nichols's Poems ; Chal 
 mers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Hopkins, John, the principal successor of Thomas 
 Sternhold in versifying the Psalms of David, was admitted 
 A.B. at Oxford in 1544, and is supposed to have been sub 
 sequently a clergyman and schoolmaster in Suffolk. He 
 versified fifty-eight of the Psalms, which bear his initials. 
 The complete version was first printed (by John Day) in 
 1562, 4to, though portions had appeared before. 
 
 "Of his abilities as a teacher of the classics, he has left a speci 
 men in some Latin stanzas prefixed to Fox's MARTYROLOGY. He is 
 rather a better English poet than Sternhold." Warton't Hist, of 
 Eng. Poet., q. v. 
 
 See also Athen. Oxon ; Heylin's Hist, of the Reform. ; 
 Hawkins and Burney's Hist of Music ; Chalmers's Biog. 
 Diet, and authorities there cited; Cotton's edits, of the 
 Bible, <fcc. ; Disraeli's Curiosities of Lit.; STERNHOLD, 
 THOMAS, in this Dictionary. 
 
 Hopkins, John Henry, D.D., b. in Dublin, Ireland, 
 Jan. 30, 1792, emigrated to the United States, August, 
 1800; educated chiefly in Philadelphia; admitted to the 
 Pittsburg Bar, 1817 ; ordained deacon in the Protestant 
 Episcopal Church, 1823 ; ordained priest, 1824 ; Rector 
 of Trinity Church, Pittsburg, 1823-31, in which year he 
 removed to Boston as assistant minister of Trinity Church; 
 consecrated (the first) Bishop of Vermont, 1832. 1. Chris 
 tianity Vindicated, Burlington, Vt, 1833, 12mo. 2. The 
 Primitive Creed Examined and Explained, 1834, 12mo. 
 
 3. The Primitive Church compared with the Prot. Epis. 
 Church of the Present Day, 1835, 12mo ; 2d ed., revised 
 and improved, 1836, 12mo. 4. Essay on Gothic Archi 
 tecture, 1836, r. 4to. 5. The Church of Rome in her 
 Primitive Purity compared with the Church of Rome of 
 the Present Day, 1837, 12mo; Lon., with an Introduc. by 
 Rev. Henry Melvill, 1839, p. Svo. 6. The Novelties which 
 disturb our Peace, Phila., 1844, 12mo; 2d ed., 1845, 12mo. 
 
 7. Sixteen Lects. on the British Reformation, 1844, 12mo. 
 
 8. The Hist, of the Confessional, N. York, 1850, 12mo. 9. 
 The End of Controversy Controverted : a Refutation of 
 Milner's End of Controversy ; in a series of Letters ad 
 dressed to the Roman Archbishop [Kenrick] of Baltimore, 
 1854, 2 vols. 12mo, pp. 918. This work is presumed to 
 have been elicited by a recommendation some years since 
 from Archbishop (then Bishop) Kenrick to all Protestant 
 clergymen to read Milner's End of Controversy. Arch 
 bishop Kenrick has recently pub., in answer to Bishop 
 Hopkins's work, A Vindication of the Catholic Church ; 
 in a Series of Letters addressed to the Rt. Rev. John 
 Henry Hopkins, Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Vermont, 
 Bait, 1855, 12mo, pp. 334. 10. The Vermont Drawing- 
 Book of Landscapes ; for the Use of Schools : Six Nos. of 
 Lithographs, Burlington, Vt, 1838. 11. Sacred Songs, 
 Words, and Music, for the Use of Christian Families, Lon. 
 and N. York, 1839. In addition to the works noticed 
 above, this learned and excellent prelate distinguished 
 for his Christian activity and zeal has given to the world 
 about thirty occasional Sermons, Letters, Discourses, Ad 
 dresses, <fce. 
 
 Hopkins, Joseph. Accoucheur's Vade-Mecum, 
 1814, 12mo. 
 
 Hopkins, Lemuel, M.D., 1750-1801, a descendant 
 of Governor Hopkins, of Connecticut, a native of Water- 
 bury, Conn., practised medicine from 1776 to 1784 at 
 Litchfield, and from 1784 to 1801 at Hartford. He wrote 
 a number of poetical pieces, and was an associate with 
 Truinbull, Barlow, Alsop, and others, in the composition 
 of The Anarchiad, (pub. in the Connecticut Magazine, 
 1786-87,) The Echo, Political Green-House, The Guil 
 lotine, and other productions. See Thacher's Med. Biog. ; 
 Kettell's Spec, of Amer. Poetry, i. 272-284; Everest's 
 Poets of Connecticut; Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit 
 Among Hopkins's best-known pieces are The Hypocrite's 
 Hope, and Elegy on the Victim of a Cancer Quack. The 
 88th Psalm in Barlow's collection was versified by him. 
 
 Hopkins, Louisa Payson, b. 1812, at Portland, 
 Maine, a daughter of the Rev. Edward Payson, D.D., emi 
 nent for his piety, was married to Prof. Albert Hopkins 
 in 1842. Mrs. Hopkins is the author of a number of 
 works, written some before and some since her marriage, 
 intended for the benefit of the young. 1. The Pastor's 
 Daughter, N. York, 18mo. 2. Lessons on the Book of 
 Proverbs, Bost 3. The Young Christian Encouraged, N. 
 York, 18mo. Repub., Hartford, 18mo. 4. Henry Lang- 
 don ; or, What was I Made For? N. York, 1846, 18mo. 
 Repub., Hartford, 18mo. 5. The Guiding Star; or, The 
 Bible God's Message : a sequel to Henry Langdon, Bost, 
 1851, 18mo. 6. The Silent Comforter; a Companion for 
 the Sick-Room. A compilation. 7. Payson's Thoughts. 
 A compilation. She has also composed several Question- 
 Books for the Mass. S. S. Union, and contributed articles 
 to Kitto's Biblical Cyclopaedia, The New York Review, Ac. 
 Mrs. Hopkins's writings have been commended in the 
 highest terms. 
 
 Hopkins, Mark, D.D., M.D., a Presbyterian divine, 
 b. 1802, at Stockbridge, Mass., and educated at Williams 
 College, subsequently studied medicine, and received the 
 degree of M.D. in 1828; Professor of Moral Philosophy 
 and Rhetoric in Williams College, 1830-36 ; President of 
 Williams College from Sept. 15, 1836, to the present time. 
 1. Lects. on the Evidences of Christianity, before the 
 Lowell Institute, delivered in Jan. 1844; pub., Bost, 
 1846, Svo. 2. Miscellaneous Essays and Reviews, 1847, 
 8vo. Contents : I. Paper originally pub. in Amer. Jour, 
 of Science and Arts, April, 1828 ; II., III. Papers in 
 Amer. Quar. Observer, Oct. 1833, and Oct. 1834; IV. Paper 
 in Biblical Repository, Oct. 1835. Dr. Hopkins has also 
 pub. separately seven Sermons, Discourses, &e. He enjoys 
 the reputation of being an efficient president and an able 
 instructor ; and Williams College has greatly prospered 
 under his paternal jurisdiction. See Princeton Review, 
 xviii. 359; New Englander, (by N. Porter, Jr.,) iv. 401; 
 Chris. Exam., (by G. B. Emerson,) xxx.340; Chris. Exam., 
 (by E. Peabody,) xli. 216. 
 
 Hopkins, Marmaduke. Serm., Lon., 1689, 4to. 
 
 Hopkins, Matthew. The Discovery of Witches, 
 
HOP 
 
 HOP 
 
 Lon., 1647, 4to, pp. 10. See Lon. Betrosp. Rev., v. 86- 
 136 ; Hudibras, Pt. 2, canto iii. 
 
 Hopkins, Richard. 1. Trans, from the Spanish of 
 a work on Prayer and Meditation, 1582, 8vo ; Lon., 1592, 
 24mo. 2. Trans, from the Spanish of a work entit. A Me- 
 moriall of a Christian Life, Rouen, 1599, 8vo. 
 
 Hopkins, Samuel, d. 1755, minister of West Spring 
 field, Mass., graduated at Yale College in 1718, and was 
 ordained in 1720. Historical Memoirs relating to Housa- 
 tunnuk Indians, 1753, 4to. 
 
 Hopkins, Samuel, D.D., 1721-1803, a descendant 
 of Governor Hopkins of Connecticut, and the founder of 
 the Hopkinsonian school of divinity, was a native of 
 Waterbury, Conn., graduated at Yale College in 1741, 
 studied theology under the celebrated Jonathan Edwards, ' 
 was ordained in 1743, and was subsequently stationed 
 successively at Great Barrington, Newport, R.I., New-v 
 buryport, Canterbury, Stamford, and again, in 1780, at 
 Newport, where he remained until his death in 1803. His 
 theological views were given to the world in his System 
 of Doctrines contained in Divine Revelation explained 
 and defended, Bost., 1793, 2 vols. 8vo ; 1811, 2 vols. 8vo; 
 and in collective ed. of his works, Phila., 1853, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 " The celebrity of the author, who, with Edwards and Bellamy, 
 completes the American triumvirate of eminent writers in the 
 game strain of divinity, would have rendered this work much 
 more popular and useful, had he kept clear of a bold and grating 
 statement, that ' God has foreordained all the moral evil which 
 does take place,' and which he endeavours to defend with more 
 ingenuity than success." Dr. E. Williams's C. P. 
 
 " Hopkins sought to add to the five points of Calvinism the 
 rather heterogeneous ingredient that holiness consists in pure, dis 
 interested benevolence, and that all regard for self is necessarily 
 sinful." HildretKs Hist, of tJie U. States, ed. 1854, ii. 579. 
 
 Hopkins also pub. a number of occasional serms. and 
 theolog. treatises, <fcc., 1759-83; The Life of Susan An 
 thony, 1796; new ed., 1830, 12mo; The Life of Mrs. Os- 
 born, 1798; a vol. of Serms., 1803 ; and left Sketches of his 
 life, and two theolog. tracts ; the three last-named were pub. 
 by Dr. West, of Stockbridge, in 1805. A collective ed. of 
 his Works, including his System of Doctrines, with a Me 
 moir of his Life and Character, was pub. by the Doct. Tract 
 and Book Soc., Phila., 1853, 3 vols. 8vo. See Sketches 
 of his Life, Works, 1853, 3 vols. 8vo; Whittier's Old 
 Portraits and Modern Sketches; Allen's Amer. Biog. 
 Diet. ; W. E. Channing's Works ; Chris. Exam., xxxiii. 169. 
 Hopkins, Samuel. The Youth of the Old Dominion, 
 Bost., 1856. This work professes to be based upon his 
 torical facts : 
 
 " Any one familiar with the annals of Youthful Virginia will 
 here recognise, it is believed, a scrupulous regard to historic 
 truth." Author's Preface. 
 
 Very favourably noticed in Putnam's Magazine for 
 July, 1856. 
 
 Hopkins, Samuel M. Reports of Cases in the Ct. 
 of Chancery in N. York, 1823-26, N. York, 1827, 8vo. See 
 2 U. S. L. J., 282. 
 
 Hopkins, Stephen, 1707-1785, one of the signers 
 of the American Declaration of Independence, was a na 
 tive of Scituate, Rhode Island ; Chief-Justice of the Su- 
 ferior Court, 1751 to 1754; Governor of Rhode Island, 
 755 to 1768, with the exception of four years ; Member 
 of the American Congress, 1774 to 1779. 1. The Grievances 
 of the American Colonies candidly Examined ; printed 
 by Authority at Providence, R. Island; also Lon., 1765, 
 8vo. 
 
 "A modest yet pathetic recital of the hardships laid on our 
 American brethren by the Stamp Act." Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 2. An Account of Providence, R. Island; in 2 Hist. 
 Collec., ix. 166-203. 
 
 Hopkins, Thomas. Bank Notes the cause of the 
 disappearance of Guineas, 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Hopkins, William. The Flying Penman, Lon. 
 1674, 12mo. 
 
 Hopkins, William, 1647-1700, a native of Eves- 
 ham, Worcestershire, educated at Trin. Coll., Oxf. ; Preb, 
 of Worcester, 1675 ; Curate of Mortlake, Surrey, 1678 ; 
 Lecturer of St. Lawrence, Jewry, about 1680; Vicar of 
 Lindridge, 1686 ; Master of St. Oswald's Hospital, Wor- 
 cester, 1697. 1. Serm., 1683, 4to. 2. Bartram, or Rartram 
 on the Body and Blood of the Lord; 2d ed., 1688. 3 
 Animad. on Johnson's Answer to Jovian, Lon., 1691, 8vo 
 4. Latin Trans., with Notes, of a Saxon tract on the Bu 
 rial-Places of the Saxon Saints, pub. in Hickes's Sep 
 tentrional Grammar, Oxf., 1705. 5. Seventeen Serms. 
 with Life by Dr. Geo. Hickes, D.D., Lon., 1708, 8vo. 
 
 Hopkins, William, 1706-1786, an Arian writer 
 a clergyman of the Church of England, a native of 
 Monmouth, was entered at All-Souls College, Oxf., 1724 
 
 Vicar of Bolney, Sussex, 1731; Master of the Grammar 
 School of Cuckfield, 1756 ; Curate of Slaugham, 1766. He 
 pub. several anonymous pamphlets against compulsory 
 subscription to the XXXIX. Articles, <fcc., but is best 
 known by the following work : Exodus : a corrected 
 Translation, with Notes Critical and Explanatory, Lon., 
 1784, 4to. 
 
 "The chief value of this translation is, that it gives all the ad 
 ditions and variations of the Samaritan and Septuagint. The 
 author's heterodoxy is offensively avowed, both in the preface and 
 notes." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " The translator has, in general, executed his task with fidelity." 
 HorneSs Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " In the notes we meet with little that can gratify the taste of 
 critical and curious readers; and his severe reflections on the 
 Articles and Liturgy of the Church of England might well have 
 )een spared in a work of this nature." ion. Month. Rev., O. S., 
 xxii. 412. 
 
 Hopkinson, Francis, 1737-1791, a native of Phila 
 delphia, the son of Thomas Hopkinson, an Englishman, 
 was educated at the college (now the University of Penn 
 sylvania) in Philadelphia, and subsequently studied law. 
 [n 1765 we find him in England, where he resided for two 
 ears, settling, on his return, at Bordentown, New Jersey, 
 rhere he married Miss Ann Borden. In 1776 he repre 
 sented New Jersey in the American Congress, and was 
 ne of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. 
 He held for a number of years an appointment in the 
 Loan-Office. In 1779 he was made Judge of the Admi 
 ralty in Pennsylvania, and in 1790 was appointed, by 
 President Washington, Judge of the District Court of the 
 United States. He died May 9, 1791, of an attack of 
 apoplexy. He was the author of a number of poems, 
 political pamphlets, essays, and many admirable jeux- 
 i'esprit on the prominent topics of the day. Among the 
 best-known of his poems are The Treaty, The Battle of 
 the Kegs, A Morning Hymn, An Evening Hymn, 
 Description of a Church, Science, A Camp Ballad, 
 and The New Roof. Of his satirical pieces we may 
 instance The Typographical Mode of Conducting a 
 Quarrel, Thoughts on the Diseases of the Mind, Essay 
 on White-Washing, and Modern Learning. Few pens 
 of the day effected more than Hopkinson's in edu 
 cating the American people for political independence. 
 The brevity, wit, and vivacity of his pieces gave them 
 portability, currency, and popular favour. Of this class 
 the most important of his writings we may spe 
 cify The Pretty Story, 1774; The Prophecy, 1776; The 
 Political Catechism, 1777. But the collector of Ame 
 rican History (a large class these collectors have now 
 become!) must secure for his shelves, if he can, (which 
 is more than doubtful,) The Miscellaneous Essays and 
 Occasional Writings of Francis Hopkinson, Phila., pub. 
 by Dobson, 1792, 3 vols. 8vo. A number of papers by 
 Hopkinson will be found in Aitkin's Pennsylvania Maga 
 zine, and in Trans. Amer. Soc., ii. 159; iii. 183, 185, 239, 
 331. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. ; Lives of the Signers ; 
 Massachusetts Mag., iii. 750-783; Amer. Mus., iii. 165; 
 ix. 39 ; Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. ; Notes on the 
 Provincial Lit. of Penna., by Thomas I. Wharton, read at 
 a Meeting of the Council of the Hist. Soc. of Penn., Sept. 
 21, 1825; Delaplaine's Repository; Works of John Adams; 
 and other works of, and connected with, the Revolutionary 
 times. 
 
 " A poet, a wit, a patriot, a chemist, a mathematician, and a 
 judge of the admiralty ; his character was composed of a happy 
 union of qualities and endowments commonly supposed to be 
 discordant; and, with the humour of Swift and Rabelais, he was 
 always found on the side of virtue and social order." THOMAS I. 
 WHARTON: ubi supra. 
 
 Hopkinson, John, a native of England. Synopsis" 
 Paradisii, Lugd. Bat., 1593, 4to. Et vide Ugolinus The 
 saurus Antiquitatum Sacrarum, Venet., 1744-69, (34 vols. 
 fol..) torn. vii. 607. 
 
 Hopkinson, Joseph, LL.D., 1770-1842, a native of 
 Philadelphia, son of Francis Hopkinson, (ante,) was edu 
 cated at the University of Pennsylvania, and subsequently 
 practised law, first at Easton and then in Philadelphia. 
 From 1815 to 1819 he was a member of the national 
 House of Representatives, and in 1828 was appointed, by 
 President Adams, Judge of the District Court of the United 
 States, an office which he retained until his death. Both 
 his father and grandfather had preceded him on the bench. 
 The subject of our notice was Vice-President of the Ame 
 rican Philosophical Society, and President of the Phila 
 delphia Academy of Fine Arts. He was the author of 
 the patriotic song of " Hail Columbia," written under cir 
 cumstances pleasantly recorded by the author in a letter 
 which will be found in Griswold's Poets and Poetry of 
 America. See also a biographical notice of Judge Hop- 
 
HOP 
 
 HOR 
 
 kinson written by Francis Wharton, of Philadelphia in 
 Hunt's Merchant's Magazine, vii. 397. Judge Hopkinson 
 pub., in addition to several addresses before literary socie 
 ties, &c., an Address delivered before the Law Academy 
 of Philadelphia, Phila., 1826, 8vo, and a Eulogy in Com 
 memoration of the Hon. Bushrod Washington, 1830, 8vo. 
 For Hopkinson's Decisions, see H. D. Gilpin's District Ct. 
 Reports, 1828-35, 8vo, 1837, (noticed in 18 A. J., 521 ;) j 
 Crabbe's Reports, 1836-46 : see p. 444 of this Dictionary. 
 
 Hopkinson, Samuel, Rector of Etton, and Vicar of | 
 Morton. 1. Serins., Lon., 1789, 4to. 2. Reflections, 1793, 
 4to. 3. Prayer, <fcc. for Children, 1795, 12mo. 4. Serm., 
 1798, 8vo. 5. Causes of the Scarcity investigated, &c., 
 1801, 8vo. 6. Essays, 1826, 12mo. 
 
 Hopkinson, William. Trans, of Beza's Display 
 of Popish Practices, <fcc., Lon., 1578, 4to. 
 
 Hopkirk, Thomas. 1. Flora Glottiana, Glasg., 1813, 
 8vo. 2. Flora Anomoia, 1817, 8vo. 
 
 Hoppner, Richard Belgrave. Trans, of Capt. 
 Krusenstern's Voyage round the World, 1803-05, Lon., 
 1813, 2 vols. Capt (since Vice- Admiral) Krusenstern 
 complained bitterly of the faults of this translation. See 
 Lon. Quar. Rev., xxii. 109; xxvi. 346; xxviii. 407; xxx. 
 265 ; xxxi. 163 ; N. Amer. Rev., xxv. 1 ; Rich's Bibl. Amer. 
 Nova, ii. 69. 
 
 Hoppener, J. Oriental Tales trans, into English 
 Verse, Lon., 1805, 8vo. 
 
 Hoppus, John, Prof, of the Philos. of Mind and 
 Logic in the Univ. of London. Lects. on the Polity and 
 Hist, of the Hebrews, Lon., 1847, 12mo. 
 
 " A very judicious and useful manual, which throws great light 
 upon the Holy Scriptures, and will form a valuable acquisition to 
 the Sunday-school Library. It is well worthy the attention of 
 young people who wish to understand the sacred oracles." Lon. 
 Wesleyan Methodist Magazine. 
 
 " We have seldom read a volume of greater interest, and strongty 
 commend it to all, but more especially to our young friends." 
 Lon. Home Missionary Magazine. 
 
 Other works. 
 
 Hopsou, Charles R., M.D. 1. Dysentery, Lon., 
 1771, 8vo. 2. Essay on Fire, 1782, 8vo. 3. System of 
 Chemistry, 1789, '94, 4to. 
 
 Hopson, Edward. The Human Mind, 1777, 12mo. 
 
 Hopton, Arthur, 1588-1614, a native of Somerset 
 shire, educated at Lincoln Coll., Oxf., was the son of Sir 
 Arthur Hopton, and an intimate friend of John Selden. 
 1. Baculum Geodeticum, Lon., 1610, 4to. 2. Speculum 
 Topographicum, 1611, 4to. 3. A Concordancy of Years, 
 1615, 8vo. Enlarged by John Penkethman, 1635, 8vo. 
 This work is mentioned by the commentators on Shak- 
 speare. 4. Prognostications for the Years 1607 and 1614. 
 
 " The miracle of his aglj for learning." Athen. Oxon., q. v. 
 
 Hopton, Richard. Burning Spring; Phil. Trans., 
 
 Hopton, Mrs. Susannah, 1627-1709, a very devout 
 lady, a native of Staffordshire, the wife of Richard Hopton, 
 a Welsh judge, became a Roman Catholic, but returned to 
 the Protestant faith. 1. Daily Devotions, Lon., 1673, 12mo; 
 5th ed., 1713. See Darling's Cyc. Bibl., i. 538. 2. Medi 
 tations, <fec., pub. by N. Spinckes, Lon., 1717, 8vo. 3. De 
 votions, &c. ; see HICKES, GEORGE, D.D., No. 9, in this 
 Dictionary; Darling's Cyc. Bibl., i. 1469. 
 
 Hopvvood, Henry, Rector of Bothall, Northumber 
 land, has pub. a number of theolog. and educational w&rks, 
 Lon., 1841-50. 
 
 Hopwood, John. Blessed Rest, <fec., Lon., 1676, 8vo. 
 
 Horbery, Matthew, D.D., 1707-1773, a native of 
 Haxay, Lincolnshire, educated at Lincoln Coll., Oxf., and 
 elected Fellow of Magdalen Coll. ; successively Vicar of 
 Eccleshall, Canon of Lichfield, Vicar of Hanbury, and 
 Rector of Standlake. 1. Anirnad. on J. Jackson's Christian 
 Liberty Asserted, Ac., 1735. 2. Enquiry cone. Future 
 Punishment, Lon., 1744, 8vo. 3. Serm., Oxf., 1745, 8vo. 
 4. Serm., 1747. 5. Serm., 1749, 8vo. 6. 18 Serms., 1774, 
 8vo. A collective ed. of his Works was pub. at Oxford 
 in 1828, 2 vols. 8vo. His Serms. have been highly com 
 mended : 
 
 " They are excellent." DR. SAMUEL JOHNSON. 
 
 " Such was his reputation as a preacher, that two hundred of 
 his MS. sermons, in the rough state in which he first composed 
 them, were disposed of for six hundred guineas." 
 
 "They are written in a nervous, animated language, calculated 
 to convince and persuade, without any affectation or pretence to 
 rhetoric, but with a simplicity which was a prominent feature in 
 the character of the author." S. CLAPHAM. 
 
 See Lon. Gent. Mag., vols. Ixix. and Ixxvi. 
 
 Horde, Thomas, Jr., was the author of thirteen 
 dramatic pieces, pub. 1769-85. See Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Horden, John. Serm., Lon., 1676, 4to. 
 
 Hordern, Joseph, Rural Dean and Vicar of Ros- 
 thern. 1. Directions for Reading to the Sick, Lon., ISuio. 
 2. Serms., 1830, 8vo. 
 
 Hore, Charles. Divine Meditations, 1804, 12mo. 
 
 Horlet, Joseph. Three Serms., 1729, '42, '50, 
 
 Horman, Wm., d. 1535, a native of Salisbury, edu 
 cated at, and Fellow of, New Coll., Oxf., was made Master 
 of Eton (of which he subsequently became Fellow and 
 Vice-Provost) in 1485. He pub. Herbarum Synonyma, 
 Indices to the writers De Re Rustica, Ac. See the name 
 in Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 967. 
 
 Horn. Hist, of the Woman of Great Faith, 1632, 8vo. 
 
 Horn, Charles Edward, 1786-1850, a native of 
 London, d. in Boston, Mass., an eminent composer of 
 music, was well known as the author of Cherry Ripe, I've 
 been Reaming, The Deep, Deep Sea, The Mermaid's Cave, 
 
 1 Know a Bank, and other popular songs. A biog. notice of 
 Mr. Horn will be found in the Lon. Gent. Mag., Jan. 1850. 
 
 Horn, George. Treatise on Leeches, Lon., 1798, 8vo. 
 
 Horn, Henry, and Edwin T. Hurlstone. Ex- 
 cheq. Reports, H. T. 1838 to H. T. 1839, Lon., 1840, 8vo. 
 
 Horn, John. See HORNE. 
 
 Horn, Robert. Expos, of Part of the Parable of 
 the Lost Sonne, Lon., 1614, 8vo. 
 
 Horn, Thomas, Rector of Martley. Serms. on va 
 rious Subjects, Lon., 1832, 12mo. 
 
 "There is sterling matter in most of his discourses." ion. 
 Chris. Rememb. 
 
 Other works. 
 
 Hornblower, J. C., Engineer. Papers on Steam 
 Engines, <fcc. in Nic. Jour., 1802, '03, '04, '05. 
 
 Hornby, Charles, "a sour and ill-natured pedant, 
 secondary of the Pipe Office," pub. two vols. of Letters, 
 1730, 8vo, and 1738, 8vo, criticizing Sir Wm. Dugdale'a 
 Baronage of England. 
 
 Hornby, Mrs. Edmund. In and Around Stamboul, 
 Lon., 1858; Phila., 1858. 
 
 Hornby, Geoffrey. Serm., 1806, 8vo. 
 
 Hornby, Thomas. Dissert, on Lime in Agriculture, 
 1815, 8vo. See, on this point, Donaldson's Ag. Biog., 107. 
 
 Hornby, Wm. The Scovrge of Drvnkennes, Lon., 
 1618, 4to, pp. 32, Bibl. Anglo-Poet, 349, 30. This poem 
 is preceded by an address, in which the author promises 
 to show "Drunkennesse" no quarter: 
 
 "He vse thee like a Dogge, a Jew, a Slaue; 
 Expect no mercy from my hands to haue." 
 
 This book may be called an early Temperance Docu 
 ment. See Bibl. Anglo-Poet., p. 151. 
 
 Home, Andrew, a native of Gloucester, England, 
 an eminent lawyer and chamberlain of London temp. 
 Edward I. 1. La Somme appelle Mirroir des Justices, seu 
 Speculum Justiciarum, Lon., 1642, 8vo. In English, by 
 Wm. Hughes, 1646, 8vo; 1649, 12mo; 1659, 8vo; 1768, 
 12mo; Manchester, 1840, 12mo. For an account of this 
 valuable work known as HORNE'S MIRROR see 2 Reeves's 
 Hist., 358; iv. 116, n.; Nic. Eng. Hist, Lib., 155; Crabb's 
 Hist., 255; Bridg. Bibl., 161; Clarke's Bibl., 106; Pref. 
 to 9 and 10 Reports ; Blaxland's Codex, 126 ; 1 Campbell's 
 Lives of the Lord-Chancellors, 206 ; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 
 396. Home is said to have compiled Chronicon Glocestrise, 
 long since lost, and Liber Home. For an account of the 
 last-named book, see Clarke's Bibl., 107 ; Gough's Brit. 
 Top., v., i. 576. 
 
 Home, Andrew. 1. The Seat of Vision Determined, 
 Lon., 1813, '18, 8vo. 2. On Vision ; Phil. Mag., 1816, '17. 
 3. Magnetism; Thorn. Ann. Philos., 1817. 
 
 Home, George, D.D., 1730-1792, an eminent divine 
 of the Hutchinsonian school, was a native of Otham, near 
 Maidstone, and educated at University College, Oxford ; 
 Fellow of Magdalene College, 1749, and President, 1768 ; 
 Chaplain to the King, 1771 ; Vice-Chancellor of the Univ. 
 of Oxford, 1776; Dean of Canterbury, 1781; Bishop of 
 Norwich, 1790. He pub. a number of controversial trea 
 tises in favour of Hutchinson, and against Sir Isaac New 
 ton, Adam Smith, Law, Hume, Shuckford, Kennicott, 
 Halhed, and Priestley ; a Commentary on the Book of 
 Psalms ; Sermons, Ac. His Letters on Infidelity, in which 
 Hume's arguments are discussed, were pub. in 1784, 12mo. 
 A collective ed. of his Works, with a Life, was pub. by 
 his friend and chaplain, Wm. Jones, of Nayland, in 1795- 
 99, 6 vols. 8vo; 1809, 6 vols. 8vo; 1812, 6 vols. 8vo; 
 1818, 6 vols. 8vo ; last ed., 1830, 4 vols. 8vo. Of his Dis 
 courses, a 4th ed. was pub. in 1803-04, 5 vols. 8vo; other 
 eds., 1812, 3 vols. 8vo; 1824, 3 vols. 8vo; new ed., 1831, 
 
 2 vols. 8vo; last ed., 1845, 2 vols. 8vo. Of the Com 
 mentary on the Psalms (1st ed., 1771, 2 vols. 4to) there 
 have been many edits. Among the last are the one pub. 
 
IIOR 
 
 IIOR 
 
 by Virtue, in 3 vols. 12mo, in 1836; the one in 2 vols. 
 12ino, pub. by the Lon. Soc. P. C. K. in 1848 ; and Long 
 man's ed. in 1848, 8vo. See also Nisbet's ed. of Home's 
 Arrangement of the Psalms, Notes, and Comments, Pt. 1, 
 1850, p. 8vo. The Essay on Home's Commentary, by 
 James Montgomery, Esq., (prefixed to ed. in 2 vols., form 
 ing a portion of the Sacred Classics,) and the one by the 
 Rev. Edward Irving, (prefixed to an ed. pub. in Glasgow 
 in 3 vols. 12mo,) are doubtless well known to many of our 
 readers. Irving's Essay has been highly commended. 
 The Daily Communings, Spiritual and Devotional, on 
 Select Portions of the Psalms, from Home's Commentary, 
 (2d ed., 64mo,) and the Selection by Lindley Murray, 
 (1812, 8vo,) have met with warm approbation. The last- 
 named comprises, says Dr. T. H. Home, "the most 
 striking, pathetic, and instructive parts of the Com 
 mentary." A vol. of Selections from the Commentary 
 was pub. in 1832, 12mo. It is by his Discourses and 
 Commentary on the Psalms that Bishop Home will always 
 be favourably known; and it will now be proper for us to 
 adduce some opinions upon the merits and defects of these 
 productions. 
 
 Opinions on the Discourses : 
 
 " Sonic of Bishop Home's discourses are ingenious ; but they 
 contain more Hutchinsonianism, and less of evangelical senti 
 ment, than might have been expected." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 "Bishop Home's views of preaching, not always (alas ! such is 
 pur common infirmity!) fully illustrated by his own sermons, are 
 instructive. . . . His sermons are polished, and have many beautful 
 and excellent thoughts ; but they are wanting in the full declara 
 tion of justification by faith, and therefore meet not adequately 
 the distresses of an awakened conscience. . . . His sermons are 
 devotional and elegant. He and others of his school have brought 
 some important truths before men who would not have listened 
 to those writing more in the spirit of the Reformers." Bicker- 
 stelKs a S. 
 
 "This writer seems to have had as much devotion and regard 
 for the grand principles of Christianity as command respect; but 
 few evangelical preachers, notwithstanding, would like to take 
 him for a pattern." Dr. E. WiUiams's C. P. 
 
 " The sacred discourses of the amiable Home recommend the 
 duties of that religion of which he was so bright an ornament, in 
 a sweet ahd lively style." Historical View of Eng. Lit. : Good- 
 hugh's Eng. Gent's Lib. Man. 
 
 "His style is lucid, and often terse; his reflections grow natu 
 rally out of the sentiments of the passage on which he comments, 
 and there breathes through the whole so much sympathy with the 
 Psalmist in his humble views of himself and his exalted concep 
 tions of Jehovah, there is such a heavenly, sweet frame of mind 
 exhibited, so much spirituality, and such love for the Redeemer, 
 as to render this commentary one of peculiar fitness for family 
 reading." 
 
 " They evince an uncommon warmth of piety, and are calculated 
 to produce it." British Critic. 
 
 " Sensible, practical, and animated. He addresses himself more 
 to the heart than is commonly done, and consequently his Dis 
 courses are more calculated to answer the end of preaching. They 
 are agreeably instructive and edifying, manifesting the pious and 
 good heart of the writer." Lon. Al'snth. Rev. 
 
 Opinions on the Commentary on the Psalms : 
 
 " His Commentary on the Psalms is his capital performance, and 
 the one by which he will be known so long as piety and elegant 
 learning are loved in England. It is altogether a beautiful work. 
 The preface is a master-piece of composition and good sense. The 
 exposition implies more learning and research than it displays; 
 and the views of Christian doctrine contained in it are generally 
 very correct. Perhaps he carries his applications to the Messiah 
 and his church occasionally rather far ; but this is less hurtful 
 than the opposite extreme, which has more generally been 
 adopted." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " The variety and number of the editions of this learned and 
 pious work sufficiently attest the very high estimation in which 
 it is held : the critics of the day. however, when it first appeared, 
 were of opinion that Bishop Home applied too many of the Psalms 
 to the Messiah." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " Home's Commentary on the Book of Psalms is of use chiefly 
 for its devotional tendency." WiUiams's C. P. 
 
 " His Commentary on the Psalms has long been a refreshing 
 and delightful companion in the Christian's retirement." Bick- 
 enteth's C. S. 
 
 "It is a truly evangelical and most valuable work, generally 
 commended and admired for the vein of spirituality and devotion 
 which runs through it, as well as for the elegant taste displayed 
 in the illustration of difficult passages. The author's design is to 
 illustrate the historical sense of the Psalms as they relate to King 
 David and the people of Israel ; and to point out their application 
 to the Messiah, to the Church, and to individuals as members of 
 the Church." Lowndes's BriL Lib. 
 
 " A delightful amplification of the music of Zion, wherein every 
 phrase is spiritualized, every prophetic and recondite meaning 
 pointed out." Grant's English Church. 
 
 Bishop Home's description of a censurable style of 
 preaching, too common even in our own days, has been 
 already referred to in an extract from Bickersteth's Chris 
 tian Student. The bishop's remarks are well worthy of 
 quotation : 
 
 "To preach practical sermons, as they are called, that is. ser 
 mons upon virtues and vices, without inculcating those great 
 Scripture truths of redemption, grace, &c., which alone incite and 
 
 enable us to forsake sin and to follow after righteousness, what 
 is it but to put together the wheels and set the hands of a watch, 
 forgetting the spring which is to make them all go ?" 
 
 For further information respecting this excellent man, 
 see his Life, by Jones ; Encyc. Brit. ; Sir Wm. Forbes's 
 Life of Dr. Beattie ; Boswell's Life of Johnson ; Lon. 
 Gent. Mag., vols. Ixii., Ixiii., Ixvi. He was a friend of 
 Dr. Johnson's, and penned a tribute to his memory, (in 
 the Olla Podrida;) and Johnson's biographer has left on 
 record an honourable testimony to the character of the 
 subject of our notice : 
 
 "We [Johnson and Boswell] drank tea with Dr. Home, late 
 President of Magdalen College and Bishop of Norwich, of whose 
 abilities in different respects the public has had eminent proofs, 
 and the esteem annexed to whose character was increased by 
 knowing him personally." Ubi supra. 
 
 Home, H. P. Bianca Capello ; a Tragedy, Lon., 1847. 
 
 "A metrical arrangement of ten syllables is not necessarily 
 poetry, any more than rant disposed in broken sentences is natu 
 rally passion." Lon. Athen&um, 1847, p. 516. 
 
 Home, Henry. 1. Essays cone. Iron and Steel, 
 Lon., 1773, 12mo. 2. Sand Iron; Phil. Trans., 1763. 
 
 Home, John, d. 1676, aged 61, a Non-conformist 
 divine, educated at Trin. Coll., Camb., Vicar of Allhallows, 
 Lynn-Regis, Norfolk, ejected for Non-conformity, 1662, 
 was the author of a poem called The Divine Wooer, Lon., 
 1673, and some serms. and theolog. treatises, 1649-73. 
 
 Home, John. Serm., Lon., 1768, 4to. 
 
 Home, or Horn, John. Sowing Machine for every 
 kind of Grain, Ac., Lon., 1786, 8vo. 
 
 Home, John. Serm., 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Home, John. See TOOKE. 
 
 Home, Melville. Semis., <fcc., 1791-1811. 
 
 Home, Richard Henry, b. in London, 1803, was 
 educated at Sandhurst College, in expectation of a mili 
 tary appointment in the East India Company's service. 
 Disappointed in this hope, he entered the Mexican navy 
 as a midshipman, and served in the war against Spain 
 until the restoration of peace. He then returned to Eng 
 land by the way of the United States, and settled down 
 as a London man of letters. In 1852 he emigrated to 
 the gold-fields of Australia, and, after serving some 
 time as Chief of the Mounted Police, now holds the office 
 of Gold Commissioner, an auriferous proximity seldom 
 enjoyed by poets ; though we fear the author of the Ex 
 position of the " False Medium" has had but little op 
 portunity as yet of testing the value of the true " medium." 
 Mr. Home was married in 1847 to Miss Foggo, the daugh 
 ter of the artist, and for some time afterwards enjoyed an 
 enviable seclusion in a cottage near Findley. 1. Cosmo de 
 Medici; an Historical Tragedy, 1837, 8vo. 2. The Death 
 of Marlowe; a Tragedy, 1838, r* 8vo. 3. The Death 
 Fetch. 4. Adventures of a London Doll, 16mo. 5. The 
 Good-natured Bear; a Story for Children, 16mo. 6. Ex 
 position of the False Medium, and Barriers excluding Men 
 of Genius from the Public, 1838, p. Svo. 7. The Poor 
 Artist; or, Seven Eye-Sights and One Object, 12mo. 8. 
 Gregory the Seventh; a Tragedy, 1840, Svo. Prefixed is 
 an Essay on Tragic Influence, which has been highly com 
 mended. It is said that Mr. Home considers Gregory the 
 Seventh to be his best dramatic production. 9. Life of 
 Napoleon, 1841, 2 vols. r. Svo; 500 illustrations. New 
 ed., 1847. 10. Orion; an Epic Poem, 1843. Several 
 edits., the first of which was pub. at a farthing, a "price 
 placed upon it as a sarcasm upon the low estimation into 
 which epic poetry has fallen." 
 
 Three large editions were sold at a farthing per copy : 
 the 4th ed. was raised to a shilling per copy, and the 5th 
 to half a crown. 
 
 "It is said that one day, when the author was sitting in Mr. 
 Miller's the publisher's shop, a boy came in, and shouted out. in 
 a nonchalant voice. A penn'orth of epics,' throwing a penny 
 down on the counter." 
 
 Now, this anecdote may be true : therefore, it does not 
 become us to deny it. We may be allowed, however, to 
 remark, in passing, that it fits in as well as if it had been 
 "made on purpose." A very elaborate and most eulo 
 gistic review of Orion will be found in Poe's Literati. We 
 hope the reader has time to peruse it; certain it is that we 
 have no space to quote it. 
 
 11. A New Spirit of the Age, 1844, 2 vols. p. Svo. Partly 
 written and edited by R. H. Home. The 2d ed. contains 
 Introductory Comments upon Certain Criticisms that had 
 appeared on the work. 
 
 The volumes are illustrated with engravings on steel, 
 from new and original portraits, of Dickens, Tennyson, 
 Carlyle, Wordsworth, Talfourd, Browning, Southwood 
 Smith, and Miss Martineau. 
 
 "In the biographical sketches the editor has carefully excluded 
 
HOR 
 
 all disagreeable personalities and all unwarrantable anecdotes. ! 
 The criticisms are entirely on abstract grounds. He may be often ' 
 wrong, but it is with a clear conscience." Editor's Preface. 
 
 Among the " celebrities" noticed in this work will he 
 found Charles Dickens, Lord Ashley, Dr. Southwood i 
 Smith, Sir E. L. Bulwer, Alfred Tennyson, Sheridan i 
 Knowles, Mr. Macready, Thomas Ingoldsby, W. H. Ains j 
 worth, T. B. Macaulay, G. P. R. James, Mrs. Gore, Captain 
 Marryat, Mrs. Trollope, Walter Savage Landor, William j 
 and Mary Howitt, Thomas Hood, Theodore Hook, Harriet \ 
 Martineau, Mrs. Jameson, Dr. Pusey, Mr. Sergeant Tal- 
 fourd, Mrs. Norton, Miss E. B. Barrett, Rev. Sydney Smith, 
 A. Fonblanque, Douglas Jerrold, W. Wordsworth, Leigh 
 Hunt, Robert Browning, J. W. Marston, Mrs. Shelley, 
 Thomas Carlyle, Rev. Robert Montgomery, Banim, and 
 the Irish Novelists. See Westminster Rev., xli. 357; 
 Democratic Rev., xv. 49 ; South. Quar. Rev., vii. 312 ; xv. 
 41 ; South. Lit. Mess., xi. 55. 
 
 12. Spirit of Peers and People, p. 8vo. 13. Ballads and 
 Romances, 1846, 12mo. 
 
 " Home, the author of the fine poem of Orion, and of ballads 
 full of vigour, originality, and a sound and healthy sentiment." 
 Howitfs Homes and Haunts of the most Eminent British Poets. 
 
 14. Judas Iscariot, a Miracle Play ; with Poems, 1848, 
 fp. 8vo. Judas Iscariot is founded upon a most untenable 
 hypothesis because one directly opposed to Scripture. 
 15. The Dreamer and the Worker, 1851, 2 vols. p. 8vo. We 
 trust that our poet " worker" will return from the gold- 
 fields of Australia with substantial evidences of something 
 better than "dreams" as the employment of his exiled 
 hours. Mr. Home is also the author of an Introduction 
 to Schlegel's Lectures on Dramatic Literature and Art, 
 was the associate of Wordsworth, Leigh Hunt, Miss Bar 
 rett, and others, in the production of Chaucer Modernized, 
 was for some time editor of the Monthly Repository, and 
 has been a contributor to the Church of England Quar 
 terly Review, the New Quarterly Review, and other 
 periodicals. Among his essays in the Church of England 
 Quarterly, we may instance those on Poetical Contrasts, 
 and on Albertus Magnus; and, of those in the New Quar 
 terly, it may be sufficient to name the article on Chinese 
 Characteristics, and that on The Dramatic Mind of 
 Europe. 
 
 Home, Robert, d. 1580, Dean of Durham, was con 
 secrated Bishop of Winchester, Feb. 1560-61., An Answer 
 to Fekenham's Declaration of Scruples of Conscience 
 touching the Oaths of Supremacy, Lon., 1566, 4to. 
 
 Home, Robert. Certain Sermons on the Rich Man 
 and Lazarus, Lon., 1619, 4to. 
 
 Home, Thomas. 1. Janua Linguarum ; or, A Col 
 lection of Latin Sentences, with the English of them, Lon., 
 1634, 8vo. 2. Manductio in sedem Palladis; qua Utilis- 
 sima Methodus Authores bonos legendi indigiatur, 1641, 
 8vo. 
 
 Home, Thomas, D.D., Vicar of Kilkington, Here 
 fordshire, Chaplain of St. Saviour's, Southwark. 1. Fast 
 Serin, on Prov. xiv. 34, Lon., 1778, 4to. 2. Reflections 
 on the Sabbath, 1796, 8vo. 3. Serms. on Rom. viii. 31, 
 1803, 8vo. 
 
 Home, Thomas. 1. Hist, of the Rise and Progress 
 of the Belgian Republic until the Revolution under Philip 
 II. ; from the German of Schiller, Lon., 1807? 12mo. 
 
 " Schiller, uniting the ardour of a soidier to the soul of a states 
 man and the hand of an historian, has portrayed the shadtes of 
 former times with dramatic power, and in a noble spirit." SIB 
 ARCHIBALD ALISON : Hist, of Europe. 
 
 2. Memoirs of Nature and Art ; from the German of 
 Goethe, 1808, 3 vols. 8vo. An anonymous abridgt. and 
 trans, of the same, 1807, 3 vols. 12mo. 4. Essays and 
 Tales; from the German of Engel, 1808, 12mo. 
 
 Home, Thomas, Rector of St. Catherine, Colman. 
 The Religious Necessity of the Reformation Asserted, and 
 the Extent to which it was carried in the Church of Eng 
 land Vindicated, in eight Serms. preached at the Bampton 
 Lects., 1828, Oxford, 1828, 8vo. 
 
 "One of the most able, most liberal, and most convincing 
 treatises in defence of our church, and of all Protestant churches 
 in general which yet retain the truth as it is in Christ, that it 
 has ever fallen to our lot to notice or peruse ; which we recom 
 mend, without compromise or drawback of any kind, to all who 
 desire to read a work equally deserving of attention as to its style 
 as well as the important nature of the topic of which it treats." 
 Lon. Chris. Remembrancer. 
 
 Home, Thomas Hartwell, D.D., b. Oct. 20, 1780, 
 received the rudiments of a classical education between 
 the years 1789 and '95 in the royal and ancient founda 
 tion of Christ's Hospital, where, for two years, he was 
 contemporary with Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Having 
 attained the rank of Deputy-Grecian, (the second highest 
 class in the upper grammar-school,) he quitted Christ's 
 
 HOR 
 
 Hospital at tbe age of fifteen years, having no opportunity 
 of proceeding to the university. The eldest of six orphans, 
 small of stature, and not robust, he was unfitted for any 
 t requiring physical strength ; and eight years 
 
 of his life were spent in the humble situation of a clerk 
 to barristers. As he had a good deal of time at his com 
 mand during the first five years of his career, he diligently 
 improved himself by solitary study, and acquired an in 
 sight into the law of England, which he was afterwards 
 i enabled to turn to account in editing various law-books. 
 | The very narrow income which he received as a barrister's 
 clerk early led Mr. Home to direct his attention to litera- 
 j ture as a means of support. His first publication was A 
 ! Brief View of the Necessity and Truth of the Christian 
 Revelation, written when he was only eighteen, and pub 
 lished in 1800, in his nineteenth year. The publication 
 of this little manual led him to the diligent and prayer 
 ful study of the Scriptures, and eventually induced him 
 to undertake the work by which he is best known in this 
 country as well as in England, and, indeed, wherever the 
 English language is spoken or read. We mean the Intro 
 duction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Holy 
 Scriptures. In the preface to this work, Mr. Home states 
 that it 
 
 " Originated in his own wants at an early period of life, when 
 he stood in need of a guide to the reading of the Holy Scriptures, 
 which would not only furnish him with a general introduction to 
 them, but would also enable him to solve apparent contradictions, 
 and to study the Bible with that attention which its importance 
 demands." 
 
 At that time he 
 
 " Had no friend to assist his studies or remove his doubts, nor 
 any means of procuring critical works. At length a list of the 
 more eminent foreign Biblical critics fell into his hands, and di 
 rected him to some of those sources of information which he was 
 seeking. He then resolved to procure such of them as his very 
 j limited means would permit, with the design, in the first instance, 
 ! of satisfying his own miod on those topics which had perplexed 
 him, and, ultimately, of laying before the public the result of his 
 inquiries, should no treatise appear that might supersede such a 
 I publication." Vol. i. Pref, pp. ix., x. 
 
 The idea thus conceived fifty-eight years ago has been 
 ! steadily kept in view to the present time. The foundation 
 I and much of the subsequent composition of this work 
 were laid, for the most part, in solitary midnight study. 
 However much and variously he was engaged in literary 
 toil for his daily bread, (as the subjoined list of his publica 
 tions will attest,) the Introduction to the Study of the 
 Scriptures was the first and chief object of his thoughts. 
 The 1st edition of it appeared in 1818 in 3 vols. Svo, which 
 in subsequent editions were enlarged into five thick octavo 
 volumes. It immediately took its station in literature as 
 THE Class-Book for the study of the Scriptures in all the 
 colleges and universities in the British dominions. The 
 j author has been spared to see the publication of the 10th 
 edition in 1856, thirty-eight years after the publication 
 I of the 1st edition, and to receive increasing testimonies 
 j of its utility to all classes of readers, but especially to 
 | ministers and students for the ministry. From the very 
 numerous critical testimonies in favour of this invaluable 
 work, we select the following : 
 The first edition : 
 
 "Of all the works which of late years have been presented to 
 the notice of the Biblical student, this is one of the most correct 
 and useful. It is an encyclopaedia of theological knowledge. It 
 is a complete abridgment of many extensive treatises of the most 
 celebrated divines both of our own and foreign countries ; and it 
 entitles its author to the gratitude and approbation of every lover 
 of the sacred volume." Classical Journal, Sept. 1819. 
 
 " This elaborate work reflects great credit on the learning and 
 industry of its author, and is, upon the whole, well calculated to 
 answer the purposes for which it was designed." British Critic, 
 June, 1819. 
 
 "It is saying much, yet, as far as our knowledge of Biblical works 
 extends, not too much, to assert of these volumes, that they con 
 stitute the most important theological publication of their kind 
 which has appeared iu this or any other country for some years. 
 
 No well-assorted theological library can be long without it ; 
 
 and even those students in divinity whose pecuniary resources 
 are too limited to admit of wanton expenditure would do well, on 
 the score of economy, to include these volumes in their library." 
 Christian Observer, November, 1819. 
 
 " This work contains every information which the general reader 
 of Scripture can possibly require; but to clergymen, and to those 
 who are preparing for the sacred office, it is an invaluable manual; 
 and (what is no mean consideration) it is also a cheap one." Lite 
 rary Panorama, September, 1818. 
 
 " It is all it pretends to be, and even more, being written with 
 ! a judicious perspicuity, and executed with a degree of correctness 
 that we do not often witness." Evangelical Magazine, Oct. 1818. 
 The second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth editions : 
 "Upon the whole, it is a very useful publication, and does great 
 credit to the industry and researches of the indefatigable author." 
 j Bishop Marsh's Lectures on the Criticism and Interpretation of the 
 \ Bible, pp. 52, 53, ed. of 1828. 
 I "I would advise the younger clergy, and candidates for Holy 
 
HOR 
 
 HOR 
 
 Orders, to acquaint themselves, in an early stage of their critical 
 researches, with Home's Introduction to the Study of the Scrip 
 ture ; a work which in itself comprises a hody of critical theology, 
 and which introduces the reader to the hest sources of informa 
 tion." Bishop Jebb's Primary Charge to the Clergy of the Diocese 
 of Limerick, in 1823, p. 10, (Dublin. 1823.) 
 
 " T. Hartwell Home has not only analyzed with extraordinary 
 diligence all the principal writers on the Evidences of Christianity, 
 but has supplied the defects of many of them, by enforcing those 
 moral and religious considerations arising from the intrinsic ex 
 cellency of Christianity and the responsibility of man, which, in 
 the author's judgment, are so unspeakably important." Bishop 
 Wilson's (of Calcutta) Lectures on the Evidences of Christianity, vol. 
 i., Pref, p. xiv. 
 
 "Such a monument of successful industry and luminous ar 
 rangement as the present age has seldom seen ; a copious instruc 
 tion for every young theologian, and an ample treasure of reminis 
 cence to the most accomplished." Archdeacon JVares's Visitation 
 Sermon before the Archdeacon and Clergy of Vie City of London, in 
 1823, p. 24. 
 
 " So comprehensive and complete as quite to supersede many 
 works that would otherwise have been necessary." Bicker steth's 
 Christian Student, p. 454, (London, 1829.) 
 
 " Great advantages may be derived from the repeated perusal of 
 Home's Introduction to the Critical Study of the Scriptures, in 4 
 vols. 8vo. ... It contains much invaluable information respecting 
 the ancient manuscripts and versions of the sacred books, the care 
 with which they were preserved before the invention of printing, 
 the manner in which they have been transmitted to our own times, 
 together with a full view of Jewish Antiquities, and a suitable in 
 troduction to prepare the reader for entering on the study of each 
 inspired book." Gibbs's Directions for Searching the Scriptures, p. 
 38, (Edinburgh, 1828.) 
 
 " Read Hartwell Home. This is an invaluable book for a young 
 man ; and you must not lay him aside till you have fully digested 
 his admirable compilations, to guide you in more discursive read- 
 Ing hereafter." Letter to a Young Man matriculating at the Uni 
 versity: Domestic Portraiture, &c., p. 128, (London, 8vo, 1833.) 
 
 " Every Biblical student may be congratulated on the opportu 
 nity which he possesses of acquiring, in these approved volumes, 
 the most comprehensive digest of Biblical erudition extant in Eng 
 lish Literature." ion. Eclectic Review, January, 1822. 
 
 " One of the most valuable works that exists in this or any other 
 language." Edinburgh Christian Instructor, May, 1833. 
 
 "Ouvrage important, qui r6unit de nombreux renseignemens 
 geographiques, historiques, bibliographiques, et critiques, relatifs 
 k la litte>ature biblique." BRUNET : Supplement au Manuel du 
 Libraire, torn. ii. p. 200, (Paris, 1834, 8vo.) 
 The seventh edition : 
 
 " It augurs well for the cause of Biblical Literature in this 
 country, that edition after edition of this important and increas 
 ingly-valuable work should so rapidly issue from the press. When 
 the laborious and learned author entered the field, it was compara 
 tively unoccupied; and now, after the lapse of fifteen years, not 
 withstanding all that has been done for promoting the critical 
 study and knowledge of the Bible among us, he may still be said 
 to occupy it unrivalled and alone. During the whole of that pe 
 riod he has evidently availed himself of every new source that has 
 been opened, from which to derive improvements ; diligently can 
 vassed the pages both of domestic and foreign literature ; re-exa 
 mined authorities and quotations; and left no measure unem 
 ployed by which his work might receive that degree of perfection 
 of which, from the nature of the circumstances, it was susceptible." 
 Congregational Magazine. September, 1834. 
 
 "A work which is beyond all contradiction the most valuable 
 introduction to the Sacred Writings which has been ever pub 
 lished. It is a storehouse of Biblical learning; and we recom 
 mend it the more cordially to our readers, as it may be put into 
 the bands of students with the most perfect safety." Christian 
 Remembrancer, October, 1834. 
 The eighth edition: 
 
 " It is needless that we should say any thing to commend such 
 a publication. It is one of the first books which should be secured 
 by the young minister; and the intelligent and reading of every 
 class, ministers and laymen, will find ample reward in the perusal 
 of its richly-stored pages." Lon. Eclectic Review, April, 1839. 
 
 " These admirable volumes are too well known to require either 
 description or recommendation : their character is now established, 
 both as a standard work and as a complete encyclopaedia of Bibli 
 cal knowledge. . . . The publication of this new and improved 
 edition will afford the opportunity to a number of persons, candi 
 dates for the ministry or otherwise* to become purchasers. Young 
 ministers and students ought to possess it. Instead of that de 
 sultory and superficial reading, which imparts much less infor 
 mation than it seems to do, and leaves the mind undisciplined, 
 they oujrht to lay before them (in connexion with suitable works 
 in doctrinal theology) Mr. Home's text-book of a vast subject, and 
 diligently and patiently pursue the subject for two or three years. 
 But we see no necessity for confining the work to ministers and 
 ministerial studentR. ... We recommend Mr. Home's work as a 
 family work, to which the youthful members may have access, and 
 with which they may become thoroughly acquainted." We.sleya.n- 
 Methodist Magazine, March, 1839. 
 
 "In every theological library this work is indispensable. It 
 
 contains a singular display of good sense and persevering indus 
 
 try, and is by far the most complete publication of the kind that 
 
 ever issued from the British press, or perhaps in any language 
 
 There is scarcely a question relating to the study of the Holy 
 
 Scriptures, which is not here discussed in an able and satisfactory 
 
 manner. As long as a taste for sound Biblical Literature shall be 
 
 cherished, this work will secure for its author the highest esteem 
 
 and grateful respect." Second Appendix to Dr. Wittiams's Chris 
 
 tian Preacher, 5th edition, p. 355, (London, 1843.) 
 
 Ninth edition : 
 
 " Mi. Home's great work has been too long before the public to 
 
 890 
 
 eed a formal introduction to the notice of either lay or clerical 
 eaders. The appearance of a ninth edition sufficiently attests the 
 stimation in which it is deservedly held : nor do we hazard too 
 auch when we assert that it has undoubtedly raised the character 
 f theological and Biblical literature throughout Christendom, 
 here is, in feet, scarcely a single question relating to the study 
 rf the Scriptures, which Mr. Home has not ably discussed and 
 satisfactorily settled. His Introduction is one of those works with 
 which Biblical students and candidates for Holy Orders cannot 
 oo soon make themselves thoroughly acquainted, and the acqui- 
 ition of which they will never regret." Church and State Gazette, 
 
 The 10th edition passed through the press in the same 
 lonth as that in which this article was written, (Nov. 1856.) 
 ur own obligations to this work in the preparation of 
 iis Dictionary will be best understood by the many refer- 
 nces to the INTRODUCTION scattered through our pages ; 
 lough these extracts, valuable as they ar do not fully 
 xpress the amount of our indebtedness to this admirable 
 epository of Biblical literature. The tone of Christian 
 harity and gentlemanly courtesy, united with a zealous 
 efence of what he believes to be sound doctrine, which 
 .istinguishes the criticisms of Dr. Home, cannot escape 
 he notice of the readers of the INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Besides the ten editions printed in England, Mr. Home's 
 
 work has been repeatedly reprinted in the United States, 
 
 ut without any pecuniary advantage to the author, in 
 
 vols. imp. 8vo, and also in 4 vols. 8vo, to the amount of 
 many thousand copies; which, added to the aggregate 
 lumber of 15,000 copies of the first nine London editions, 
 xhibits an unprecedented sale for a work of this cha- 
 acter; especially when the bulk and price are considered. 
 ?hfs extensive circulation may be ascribed, in part at 
 east, to the facts that the Introduction has throughout 
 >een the joint result of prayer and indefatigable study, 
 egardless of expense in procuring the requisite critical 
 aids, and that it is not a sectarian work. Christians of 
 very denomination have studied it to their great advan- 
 age; and Mr. Home, in the course of his long life (he is 
 low in the 78th year of his age) has been permitted to 
 eceive not a few testimonies from persons who have been 
 preserved or rescued from infidelity by his labours. Mr. 
 Kennedy, the biographer of our distinguished countryman, 
 William Wirt, states that 
 
 " To Home's Introduction, particularly, he was accustomed to 
 express his obligations for the conviction of his own mind ; and 
 10 never lost an opportunity of commending it to a friend." 
 
 In his letters to his children, among other books on the 
 subject of religion, he 
 
 " Urged them to the careful perusal of Home's Introduction to 
 ;he Critical Study of the Scriptures." Kennedy's Memoirs of W, 
 Wirt, vol. ii. p. 388. 
 
 It has, in fact, conduced more than any other modern 
 work to the enlarged study of sacred literature; and 
 eventually it led to the realization of Mr. Home's long- 
 cherished wish of devoting himself to the ministry in the 
 Church of England. The death of his parents having 
 prevented him from prosecuting his studies at either of 
 the English universities, Dr. Howley, at that time Bishop 
 of London, disregarded his want of an English academical 
 degree, and, considering his Introduction as an appro 
 priate and honourable passport to Holy Orders, ordained him 
 in 1819. In the preceding year the University of King's Col- 
 iege, Aberdeen, conferred on Mr. Home the degree of M.A. 
 In 1829 Mr. Home performed the academical exercises 
 required by the University Statutes, and proceeded to the 
 degree of B.D. in the University of Cambridge; and in 
 1841 the University of Pennsylvania conferred upon Mr. 
 H. the degree of D.D. In 1833 Dr. Howley (then Arch 
 bishop of Canterbury) presented him to the rectory of St. 
 Edmund-the-King with St. Nicholas Aeons, in the city 
 of London, as a small token of his esteem for Mr. Home's 
 personal worth, and his sense of the services which Mr. 
 H. had rendered by his works to the theological and Bibli 
 cal student. Dr. Blomfield, Bishop of London, had pre 
 viously collated him to the prebend of Sneating, in the 
 Cathedral of St. Paul, as a mark of the esteem which tbo 
 bishop entertained of the value of those services which 
 Mr. Home had rendered to the cause of Christianity by his 
 different publications, especially his Introduction to the 
 Study of the Scriptures. As the population of the United 
 Parishes (of which Mr. H. is rector) is small, he has found 
 time to produce many valuable publications, and also to 
 keep up an extensive correspondence with literary men, 
 and especially with those who are engaged in controversy 
 with the advocates of the modern Church of Kome. 
 Several of his publications were written primarily for the 
 edification of his parishioners and their families, by whom 
 
 they were gratefully received and acknowledged. It only 
 remains to state, in concluding this notice of Mr. Home's 
 
HOE 
 
 HOR 
 
 literary career, that in 1809 he was elected Sub-Librarian [ 
 of the Surrey Institution, which office he held until the j 
 institution was dissolved for want of the requisite funds, 
 in 1823. In 1824 he was applied to, and eventually en 
 gaged, by the then Trustees of the British Museum, to 
 undertake a classed catalogue of that library. For their 
 consideration, and by their desire, he drew up the Outlines 
 for the Classification of a Library, which were printed in 
 1825. After very considerable progress had been made in 
 that classed catalogue, it was suspended for a new General 
 Alphabetical Catalogue, which is now in progress, and 
 on which Mr. Home is still employed as an Assistant 
 Librarian. If that classed catalogue had been completed, 
 it would, on a large scale, have been what Mr. Home's 
 valuable classed catalogue of Queen's College Library, 
 Cambridge, is on a smaller scale. The following is a cor 
 rect list of Mr. Home's publications : 
 
 1. A Brief View of the Necessity and Truth of the Chris 
 tian Kevelation, Lon., 1800; 2d ed., 1802, 8vo. 
 
 2. A View of the Commerce of Greece, by Felix Beau- 
 jour; translated from the French, 1800, 8vo. 
 
 3. An Essay on Privateers, Captures, and Recaptures, 
 according to the Laws, Treaties, and Usages of the Mari 
 time Powers of Europe, by M. de Martens. To which is 
 subjoined a Discourse, in which the Rights and Duties 
 of Neutral Powers are briefly stated; translated from the 
 French, 1801. 
 
 4. A Compendium of the Statute Laws and Regulations 
 of the Court of Admiralty relative to Ships of War, Pri 
 vateers, Prizes, Recaptures, and Prize-Money; with an 
 Appendix of Precedents, 1803, 12mo. 
 
 5. Wallis's Pocket Itinerary ; being a New and Accurate 
 Guide to all the Principal, Direct, and Cross-Roads through 
 out England, Wales, and Scotland, 1803, 18mo. Anon. 
 
 6. A Treatise on Captures in War, by Richard Lee, Esq. ; 
 2d ed., corrected, with additional Notes by Mr. Home, 
 1803, 8vo. 
 
 7. Hints on the Formation and Management of Sunday- 
 Schools, 1807, 12mo. Anon. 
 
 8. A Reading upon the Statute of Sewers, by Robert 
 Callis, Sergeant-at-Law; 4th ed., corrected and enlarged 
 by Mr. Home, 1810, r. 8vo. 
 
 9. Bibliotheca Legum; or, a Complete Catalogue of the 
 Common and Statute Law-Books of the United Kingdom, 
 arranged in a new manner, by John Clarke. The mate 
 rials were collected by the publisher, Mr. Clarke ; but the 
 whole were arranged, corrected, and edited by Mr. Home, 
 1810. 8vo. See CLAUKE, JOHN. 
 
 10. A Catalogue of the Library of the Surrey Institution, 
 methodically arranged, 1811 ; 2d ed., 1812, 8vo. Anon. 
 
 11. A Catalogue of the Harleian Manuscripts in the 
 British Museum, classed according to their Subject-Matter; 
 forming the 4th vol. of the Catalogue of the Harleian Manu 
 scripts, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 12. An Introduction to the Study of Bibliography ; to 
 which is prefixed a Memoir on the Public Libraries of the 
 Antients, 1814, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 13. A Compendious Law Dictionary, by Thomas Potts ; 
 a new ed., carefully revised, corrected, and enlarged, by 
 Mr. Home, 1815, 8vo and 12mo. 
 
 14. An Illustrated Record of Important Events in the 
 Annals of Europe during the years 1812, '13, M4, and '15, 
 fol. Anon. 
 
 15. The Lakes of Lancashire, Westmoreland, and Cum 
 berland, delineated in 43 Engravings after the Drawings 
 of Joseph Farington, R.A. ; with Descriptions, Historical, 
 Topographical, and Picturesque, the result of a Tour made 
 by T. H. Home in the year 1816, 1816, fol. 
 
 16. The History of the Mohammedan Empire in Spain; 
 designed as an Introduction to the Arabian Antiquities of 
 Spain, by James Cavanagh Murphy, 1816, 4to. This vo 
 lume was written in conjunction with John Gillies, LL.D., 
 and Mr. Professor John Shakspear, of the East India Col 
 lege. One-half of this volume was contributed by Mr. 
 Home ; who also edited Mr. Murphy's Arabian Antiquities 
 of Spain, 1816, fol., Mr. M. having died without leaving 
 any materials for the descriptions of the engravings. 
 
 17. An Analysis of the Picture of the Transfiguration, 
 by Raffaello Sanzio d'Urbino ; translated from the French 
 of S. C. Croze-Maignan, by Mr. Home, with the Remarks 
 and Observations of Vasari, Mengs, Reynolds, Fuseli, and 
 other distinguished artists, 1817, fol. 
 
 18. An Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge 
 of the Holy Scriptures, with Maps and Fac- Similes of 
 Biblical Manuscripts, 1818, 3 vols. 8vo; 9th ed., revised, 
 corrected, and enlarged, by Mr. Home, 1846, 5 large vols. 
 8vo; 10th ed., by Mr. Home, with the assistance of Samuel 
 
 Davidson, D.D., LL.D., and of Samuel Prideaux TregeU 
 les, LL.D., 1856, 4 vols. in 5, 8vo, (vide ante.) In the 10th 
 ed., the valuable bibliographical volume of Mr. Home has 
 been necessarily (though on his part most reluctantly) 
 omitted in order to make room for much new critical mat 
 ter. Part of Mr. Home's first volume, on the Internal 
 Evidences of the Inspiration of the Scriptures, was trans 
 lated into Romaic, or modern Greek, by Professor Nicholas 
 Bambas, (afterwards of the University of Athens,) and 
 published in 1834, at Hermopolis, in the island of Syra, 
 and was largely circulated in Greece. The translation 
 is entitled, 'EatoTtpiKai ivapytiat TTK ^ttvevae^ TMV ypa<p<ov. 
 Oewpia o>0iAi//a>raTr/ cig iravra dvSpwmov, tK TOV AyyXiwu jra- 
 <t>pa<rStiffa into N. Ba/i/Sa. ~Ev Ep//owroX, awA<5'. 
 
 19. Deism Refuted ; or, Plain Reasons for being a Chris 
 tian, Lon., 1819, 12mo. Reprinted at Philadelphia, 1820, 
 12mo ; 6th ed., Lon., 1826, 12mo. This little volume, with 
 Mr. Home's permission, contributed five tracts to the series 
 published by the London Religious Tract Society, viz. : 
 Nos. 316, 318, 319, 321, and 701. 
 
 20. The Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity briefly stated 
 and defended, and the Church of England vindicated from 
 the charge of Uncharitableness in retaining the Athana- 
 sian Creed, 1820; 2d ed., corrected, 1826, 12rno. 
 
 21. Commentaries on the Roman-Dutch Law, by Simon 
 ran Leeuwen, LL.D.; translated from the Dutch by a 
 Cingalese Modeliar, or Native Magistrate : collated through 
 out with Van Leeuwen's Censura Forensis, and edited, 
 with numerous additional references to the Text-Books on 
 the Roman Civil Law, by Mr. Home, 1820, r. 8vo. Nearly 
 the whole edition of this work was sent to the island of 
 Ceylon, where it is of the highest authority. 
 
 22. The Works of William Hogarth, (including the 
 Analysis of Beauty.) elucidated by Descriptions, critical, 
 moral, and historical; to which is prefixed Some Account 
 of his Life, by Mr. Home. The engravings were executed 
 by Thomas Clerk, an engraver at Edinburgh, 1821, 2 vols. 
 8vo. 
 
 23. Outlines for the Classification of a Library, respect 
 fully submitted to the consideration of the Trustees of the 
 British Museum, by Mr. Home, 1825, 4to. 
 
 24. A Catalogue of the Library of the College of St. 
 Bernard and St. Margaret, commonly called Queen's Col 
 lege, in the University of Cambridge ; methodically ar- 
 .ranged, 1827, 2 vols. r. 8vo. This catalogue is classified 
 
 according to the principles and order developed in the 
 preceding Outlines for the Classification of a Library. 
 
 25. Romanism contradictory to the Bible ; or, the Pecu 
 liar Tenets of the Church of Rome, as exhibited in her 
 accredited Formularies, contrasted with the Holy Scrip 
 tures, Lon., 1827, 8vo. Translated into Spanish by the 
 Rev. W. H. Rule, and printed at Gibraltar in 1840. 
 
 26. A Compendious Introduction to the Study of the 
 Bible ; being an Analysis of the Introduction to the Criti 
 cal Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures, Lon., 
 1827, 12mo. Reprinted at Boston, Mass., 1827, 12mo; 
 9th ed., 1852, 12mo. This is an abridgment of Mr. Home's 
 larger Introduction. 
 
 27. A Manual of Parochial Psalmody, adapted to the 
 services of the Church for every Sunday, &c. throughout 
 the Year, Lon., 1829; 40th ed., 1856, 18mo; also eds. in 
 I2mo and 32mo. 
 
 28. A Selection (by Mr. Home) of Psalm and Hymn- 
 Tunes, by the Best Composers, antient and modern; the 
 whole harmonized and arranged for the Manual of Paro 
 chial Psalmody, by Thomas Henshaw, 1829. New ed., 
 1852, ob. Svo. 
 
 29. The Conversion of St. Paul a Proof of the Truth of 
 the Christian Revelation, 1831, Svo. An anonymous Tract, 
 written for the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 
 
 30. A Manual for the Afflicted ; comprising a Practical 
 Essay on Afflictions, and a Series of Meditations and 
 Prayers for those who are in sorrow, trouble, need, sick 
 ness, or any other adversity, 1832; 3d ed., 1842, 18mo. 
 Reprinted at Boston, Mass., 1833, 18mo. 
 
 31. Bibliographical Notes on the Book of Jasher, Lon., 
 1833, Svo. This detection of a gross literary forgery was 
 subsequently incorporated in the fifth or bibliographical 
 volume of the Introduction to the Critical Study of the 
 Scriptures. 
 
 32. A Concise History and Analysis of the Athanasian 
 Creed, with Select Scripture Proofs, and answers to some 
 common objections, 1834; 2d ed., 1837, 18ino. 
 
 33. A Protestant Memorial; comprising I. A Concise 
 Historical Sketch of the Reformation ; II. The Antiquity 
 of the Religion of Protestants Demonstrated; III. The 
 Safety of adhering to the Protestant Church, and the Dan- 
 
 891 
 
IIOR 
 
 IIOR 
 
 ger of continuing in the Church of Rome ; IV. Romanism, 
 or the System of Doctrine and Precepts maintained and 
 inculcated by the Church of Rome, contradictory to the 
 Bible, 1835; 10th ed., enlarged, 1850, 12mo. 
 
 84. Landscape Illustrations of the Bible ; from Original 
 Sketches taken on the Spot and engraved by W. and E. 
 Finden, with Descriptions by Mr. Home, 1836, 2 vols. 
 8vo, and fol. The Biblical Keepsake ; a new ed. of the 
 preceding work, with additions and corrections, 1835-37, 
 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 35. A Manual of Biblical Bibliography, 1839, 8vo. This 
 is a separate edition of the fifth or bibliographical volume 
 of the eighth edition of Mr. Home's Introduction to the 
 Study of the Scriptures : it was published by request, for 
 the accommodation of bookbuyers and booksellers. 
 
 36. The Principles of Popery Developed, in a juridical 
 and historical investigation of the Gunpowder-Conspiracy; 
 reprinted from the Church of England Quarterly Review, 
 1840, Svo. Anon. 
 
 37. Mariolatry; or, Facts and Evidences demonstrating 
 the Worship of the Virgin Mary by the Church of Rome, 
 
 1840, Svo. Anon. Reprinted, with additions and correc 
 tions furnished by Mr. Home to the American editor, the 
 Rev. S. F. Jarvis, D.D., Hartford, Conn., 1844, Svo. 
 
 38. A new edition, with corrections and additions, of 
 Dr. J. Williams's (Bishop of Chichester) Brief Exposition 
 of the Church Catechism, with Scripture-Proofs, Lon., 
 
 1841, 12mo. 
 
 39. Popery the Enemy and Falsifier of Scripture ; or, 
 Facts and Evidences illustrative of the conduct of the 
 Modern Church of Rome, in prohibiting the Reading and 
 Circulation of the Holy Scriptures in the Vulgar Tongue, 
 and also of the Falsification of the Sacred Text in Trans 
 lations executed by Romanists, 1844, 8vo. Anon. 2d ed., 
 corrected and enlarged, 1845, 18mo. 
 
 40. Popery Delineated; or, a Brief Examination and 
 Confutation of the Unscriptural and Anti-Scriptural Doc 
 trines and Practices maintained and inculcated by the 
 Modern Church of Rome, 1848, Svo. Anon. 
 
 41. The Communicant's Companion ; comprising an His 
 torical Essay on the Lord's Supper, with Meditations and 
 Prayers for the use of Communicants, 1855, 32mo. 
 
 Besides numerous sermons communicated to different 
 journals, Mr. Home has also published the following 
 single sermons on various public occasions: 
 
 42. The Conformity of the Church of England, in her 
 Ministry, Doctrine, and Liturgy, to the Apostolic Precept 
 and Pattern ; to which is added an Address on the Origin 
 and Use of Confessions of Faith generally, and of the 
 Confession of Faith of the United Church of England and 
 Ireland in particular, 1834 ; 3d ed., corrected and enlarged, 
 1835, Svo. 
 
 43. Jewish and Christian Privileges Compared; Chris 
 tian Diligence; Patriotism a Religious Duty: Three 
 Sermons preached before the Lord-Mayor, Judges, and 
 Members of the Corporation of the City of London, in the 
 year 1837, 1837, 4to. 
 
 44. The Sovereign's Prayer and the People's Duty; a 
 Sermon on occasion of the Coronation of Queen Victoria, 
 1838, 8vo. 
 
 45. National Piety and National Prosperity inseparably 
 connected ; a Fast-Day Sermon, delivered April 26, 1854, 
 1854, 8vo. 
 
 Dr. Home has further contributed numerous Historico- 
 Ecclesiastical and Literary Articles to the Encyclopaedia 
 Metropolitana ; and also many articles to critical journals, 
 exposing the Principles, Doctrines, and Practices of the 
 Modern Church of Rome. 
 
 When the character, the number, and the extensive cir 
 culation of Dr. Home's works are duly considered, we shall 
 hardly be accused of exaggeration when we express our 
 conviction that a more useful uninspired writer has seldom 
 appeared among men. The influence of his excellent 
 Introduction to the Study and Knowledge ofcthe Holy 
 Scriptures (to instance only the most important of his 
 works) has now for a period of nearly forty years directed 
 the instructions and moulded the lives of thousands of 
 the clergy and hundreds of thousands of the laity of 
 two hemispheres. He has now attained the ripe age of 
 seventy-eight. May he live to see the publication of this 
 Dictionary, in the progress of which kindred pursuits and 
 an expansive benevolence of heart have led him to take 
 a lively interest He was one of our earliest guides in 
 Bibliography : we very naturally wish him to behold the 
 matured fruits of our anxious toils. 
 
 Home, W. W., minister, Wood Street, Cheapside, 
 London. 1. New Songs of Sion, 1794, 8vo. 2. Two Serms., 
 
 [ 1800, Svo. 3. Contention for the Faith, 1S06, Svo. 4. Life 
 of Rev. J. Bradford, Svo. 5. Two Poems, 1812, 12mo. 
 
 Home, Wm. A Catechism, Lon., 1590, Svo. 
 
 Horneck, Anthony, D.D., 1641-1696, a native of 
 Bacharach, in the Lower Palatinate, studied at Heidel 
 berg, and was entered at Queen's Coll., Oxf., 1663; Vicar 
 of All-Saints, Oxf., 1663; became Preb. of Exeter, and 
 subsequently of Westminster and Wells ; Preacher in the 
 Savoy, 1671. He was a man of great piety and profound 
 learning. He was the author of a number of serms. and 
 theolog. treatises, of which the following are the best- 
 known: 1. The Great Law of Consideration, Lon., 1677, 
 Svo; llth ed., 1729, Svo. New ed., 1840, Svo. 
 
 " Devout and edifying." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 2. The Happy Ascetick, Lon., 1681, Svo; 3d ed., 1693, 
 Svo. New ed., 1724, Svo. 3. The Fire of the Altar, 1683, 
 12mo. 4. The Exercise of Prayer, 1685, Svo ; 13th ed., 1718, 
 12mo. New ed., 1845, 18mo. This is a Supp. to No. 2. 
 5. The Crucified Jesus ; or, an Acet. of the Nature, Design, 
 Ac. of the Lord's Supper, 1686, 8vo; 6th ed., 1716, Svo. 
 New ed., 1839, 12mo. 
 
 "Devotional." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 " His best pieces are those upon Consideration and the Crucified 
 Jesus." DR. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 6. Several Serms. on Matt, v., 1706, 2 vols. Svo; 3d ed., 
 1717, 2 vols. Svo. Pub. by Bishop Kidder, (of Bath and 
 Wells,) who has prefixed a Memoir. The bishop remarks, 
 referring to the works of Horneck which were pub. by the 
 author : 
 
 " There is a great vein of piety and devotion which runs through 
 them; they savour of the primitive simplicity and zeal, and are 
 well fitted to make men better." 
 
 Dr. T. H. Home tells us that 
 
 "The bishop's character of the writings published by himself 
 [Horneck] is equally applicable to his Sermons on Matt, v." Bill. 
 
 Horneck's Works are also commended by another emi 
 nent authority as 
 
 "Exceedingly pathetic and elegant; chiefly fit for devotional 
 subjects : his words are often much greater than his thoughts." 
 DR. DODDRIPQE. 
 
 See his Life by Bp. Kidder; Athen. Oxon. ; Birch's Life 
 of Tillotson. 
 
 Horneck, Wm. Modern Fortification, Lon., 1738, 4to. 
 
 Homer, Francis, M.P., 1778-1817, a native of Edin 
 burgh, educated at the High School, and at the University 
 of that city, subsequently studied law, and became a mem 
 ber of Parliament, where he distinguished himself by his 
 knowledge of political economy and finance. Having 
 injured his constitution by excessive labour in the dis 
 charge of his duties as a member of the Bullion Committee, 
 and in other capacities, he was obliged to travel on the 
 Continent for the benefit of his health; but his unfavour 
 able symptoms increased, and he died at Pisa, Feb. 8, 1817, 
 in the 38th year of his age. A statue has been erected 
 to his memory in Westminster Abbey. As the author of 
 the first part of the Bullion Report of 1810, (the second 
 part was penned by Mr. Huskisson and the third by Henry 
 Thornton,) Mr. Homer is entitled to a high rank as a po 
 litical economist. But he was more than this; he was a 
 diligent student of intellectual philosophy, a man of great 
 elevation of character, and unblemished purity in private 
 life. His views on the Currency, which he subsequently 
 embodied in the Report of the Bullion Committee, will be 
 found in the first number of the Edinburgh Review, in his 
 Review of Thornton on the Paper Credit of Great Britain. 
 Of this periodical he was one of the originators. His 
 Memoirs and Correspondence were pub. by his brother, 
 Leonard Homer, in 1843, Lon., 2 vols. Svo ; 2d ed., with 
 addits., 1853, 2 vols. 8vo; Boston, by Little, Brown & Co., 
 
 1853, 2 vols. Svo. We could quote many pages of com 
 mendation from high authorities of Mr. Homer's character 
 as a man and statesman, but must be satisfied with refer 
 ring the reader to the Memoirs of Sir Samuel Romilly, 
 1840, 3 vols.; Sir Archibald Alison's Hist, of Europe, 
 1789-1815; Lord Brougham's Statesmen temp. Geo. III., 
 Lon., 1856, ji. 155-166; Works of Sir James Mackintosh, 
 
 1854, i. 214-215, n.; Works of the Rev. Sydney Smith, 
 1854, iii. 473-477, (Letter to Leonard Horner;) Lord 
 Cockburn's Memorial of his Own Time, 1856; Dugald 
 Stewart's Prelim. Dissert, to Eneyc. Brit. ; Chambers and 
 Thomson's Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, iii. 86-90; 
 McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 1845, 173, 297 ; Edin. 
 Rev., Ixxviii. 261; Lon. Quar Rev., June, 1827, Ixxii. 
 108; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xiii. 506; Blackw. Mag., i. 3; 
 xvii. 515; xl. 114; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1825, Pt. 1, 503; 
 1843, 3; N. York Eclec. Mus., iii. 536. But we feel un 
 willing to conclude without quoting some testimonies to 
 the eminent merits of Francis Horner: 
 
HOR 
 
 HOR 
 
 "I remember the death of many eminent Englishmen; hut I 
 can safely say I never remember an impression so general as that 
 excited by the death of Francis Homer." REV. SYDNEY SMITH : 
 ubi supra. 
 
 " The tears of those to whom he was unknown were shed over 
 him. ... He raised himself, at the early age of thirty-six, to a 
 moral authority which, without these qualities, no brilliancy of 
 talents or power of reasoning could have acquired. No eminent 
 speaker of Parliament owed so much of his success to his moral 
 character. His high place was therefore honourable to his au 
 dience and to his country." SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH : ubi supra. 
 
 " He died at the age of thirty-eight ; possessed of greater public 
 influence than any other private man, and admired, beloved, 
 trusted, and deplored, by all except the heartless or the base. No 
 greater homage was ever paid in Parliament to any deceased mem- 
 Ver." LORD COCKBURN : ubi supra. 
 
 "Considering his knowledge, his talents, his excellent judg 
 ment, and the prospect of years which he had before him, I con 
 sider his death as a great public calamity." SIR SAMUEL ROMILLY : 
 ubi supra. 
 
 "Mr. Horner, whose premature and lamented death alone pre 
 vented him from rising to the highest eminence on the opposition 
 side." SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON : ubi supra. 
 
 " Never certainly was more completely realized the ideal portrait 
 so nobly imagined by the Roman poet : a calm devotion to reason 
 and justice, the sanctuary of the heart undefiled, and a breast 
 glowing with inborn honour. 
 
 ' Compositum jus fasque animo, sanctosque recessus 
 Mentis, et incoctum generoso pectus honesto.'" 
 
 DUGALD STEWART : ubi supra. 
 
 " But this able, accomplished, and excellent person was now ap 
 proaching the term assigned to his useful and honourable course 
 by the mysterious dispensations under which the world is ruled. 
 A complication of extraordinary maladies soon afterwards [after 
 the Parliamentary session of 1816] precluded all further exertion, 
 and, first confining his attention to the care of his health, before 
 a year was over from the date of his last brilliant display, brought 
 him, deeply and universally lamented, to an untimely grave. 
 'Ostendit terris hunc tantum fata, neque ultra 
 Esse sinent. Nimium vobis Romana propago 
 Visa potens, Superi, propria haec si dona fuissent.'" 
 
 LORD BROUGHAM : ubi supra. 
 
 Horner, G. R. B., M.D. 1. Medical and Topogra 
 phical Observations upon the Mediterranean, and upon 
 Portugal, Spain, Ac., Phila., 1839, 8vo. 2. Diseases and 
 Injuries of Seamen, Ac., 1855, 12mo. 
 
 Horner, J. Instruction to the Invalid on the Water- 
 Cure, Lon., 1855, 12mo. 
 
 Horner, Leonard, Secretary to the Geological So 
 ciety. Papers in Geolog. Trans., 1811, '14, '16. Other 
 publications. 
 
 Horner, T. Land Survey; or, Descrip. of an Im 
 proved Method of Delineating Estates, Lon., 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Horner, W. G. Mathemat. papers in Thorn. Ann. 
 Philos., 1816, '17. 
 
 Horner, William E., M.D., late Professor of Ana 
 tomy in the University of Pennsylvania. 1. Special Ana 
 tomy and Histiology ; 8th ed., Phila., 1851, 2 vols. 8vo, 
 pp. 1130; with over 300 Illustrations. 2. United States 
 Dissector; or, Lessons in Practical Anatomy; 5th ed., 
 carefully revised and entirely remodelled by Henry H. 
 Smith, M.D., Fellow of the College of Physicians of Phila., 
 Ac.; with 177 new Illustrations, Phila., 1856, demi 8vo. 
 3. Anatomical Atlas. See SMITH, HENRY H., M.D. Since 
 the above was written, another Philadelphian contribution 
 to Medical Literature has made its appearance, viz. : The 
 Practical Anatomist; or, The Student's Guide in the Dis 
 secting Room, by J. M. Allen, M.D., late Prof, of Anatomy 
 in the Penna. Med. College, Phila., 1856, r. 12mo, pp. 661 ; 
 with over 260 Illustrations. 
 
 Hornman, Henry. De Virginitate, Virginium Statu, 
 et Jure, Tractatus, Oxf., 1669, 12mo. 
 
 Hornor, S. S., formerly of Philadelphia, now of Paris. 
 The Medical Student's Guide in Extracting Teeth, Phila., 
 1851, 8vo. 
 
 Hornsby, Rev. Thomas, Savilian Professor of As 
 tronomy at Oxford. Astronom. papers in Phil. Trans., 
 1763, '64, '69, '71, '73. 
 
 Hornsey, John, Schoolmaster, pub. an English Gram 
 mar, Spelling-Book, Ac., 1798-1811. 
 
 Horrox, Jeremiah, 1619-1641, an eminent English 
 astronomer, a native of Toxteth, near Liverpool, was edu 
 cated at Emanuel College, and subsequently (as Mr. Rigaud 
 has recently discovered) took holy orders and became a 
 curate at Hoole, near Preston. 
 
 " He was the first who saw Venus in the body of the sun, (Nov. 
 24, 1639.) and he was the first who remarked that the lunar mo 
 tions might be represented by supposing an elliptic orbit, provided 
 that the eccentricity of the ellipse were made to vary, and an oscil 
 latory motion given to the line of apsides. Newton afterwards 
 showed that both suppositions were consequences of the theory 
 of gravitation, and attributes to Halley part of what is really due 
 to Horrox, as explained by Flamsteed." 
 
 Horrox's investigations remarks the reviewer of Ri- 
 gaud's Historical Essay on the First Publication of Sir 
 Isaac Newton's Principia, 1838, 8vo 
 
 " Are all stamped with the clear indications of a genius of the 
 first order; and he doubtless would have achieved for greater dis 
 coveries had not his privations and successes, his toils and tri 
 umphs, been together cut short by his premature death in 1041." 
 Edin. Rev., Ixxviii. 402-438: Sir Isaac Newton and Jiis Contem 
 poraries. 
 
 "There is reason to ascribe an invention of great importance, 
 though not perhaps of extreme difficulty, that of the micrometer, 
 to Horrox." Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, ed. 1854, ii. 195. 
 
 " Horrox has the merit of being among the first who rightly ap 
 preciated the discoveries of the astronomer just named, f Kepler."] 
 PKOFESSOR PLAYFAIR : 3d Prelim. Dissert, to Encyc. Brit. 
 
 It is not a little to Horrox's credit, that, whilst the astro 
 nomical tables of the day even his master Kepler's 
 (founded on the observations of Tycho Brahe) were in 
 correct in their calculations respecting the time of the 
 transit of Venus, the young astronomer himself foretold 
 the time very accurately. 1. Venus in Sole visa, anno 
 1639, cum Notis Johannis Hevelii. This is pub. along 
 with a work of Hevelius's, en tit. Mercurius in Sole visus, 
 cum Notis Johannis Hevelii, Gedani, anni 1661, Maij 3, 
 cum aliis quibusdam Rerum Coelestlum Observation, ra- 
 risque Phoenomenis, Dantz., 1662. 2. Excerpta ex Epis- 
 tolis ad Gulielmum Crabtraeum suum in Studiis Astro- 
 nomicis, Lon., 1672, 4to. 3. Observationum Coelestium 
 Catalogus, 1672, 4to. 4. Novae Theoriae Lunaris Expli- 
 catio, 1673, 4to. 5. Opera Posthuma, viz.: Astronomies 
 Kepleriana defensa et promota; Excerpta ex Epistolis ad 
 Crabtraeum suum; Observationum Coelestium Catalogus; 
 et Lunae Theoria Nova, Edente Joh. Wallisio, 1673, 4to ; 
 idem, 1678. 
 
 For further information respecting Horrox, see Genl. 
 Diet; Martin's Biog. Philos.; Button's Diet.; Birch'a 
 Hist, of the Roy. Soc. ; Corresp. of the Scientific Men of 
 the 17th Century, 1841, 2 vols. 8vo; Playfair's Prelim. 
 Dissert, to Encyc. Brit. ; Edin. Rev., Ixxviii. 402-438. 
 
 Horry, S. C. 1. Laws rel. to Licensed Victuallers, 
 Lon., 1837, 12mo. 2. Law and Prac. of Insolvents, Ac., 
 1844, 12mo. 
 
 Horsburgh, James, Hydrographer to the E. I. Co., 
 pub. several works on navigation, Lon., 1803-13. The 
 Memoirs respecting the Navigation to and from China, 
 Ac. appeared in 1805, 4to, and the 3d ed. of the Indian 
 Directory in 1826, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 Horsburgh, Wm., M.D. Hartfell Spaw, Edin., 1754, 
 8vo. The same in Ess. Phys. and Lit., 1754. 
 
 Horsefall, James. Mathemat. and Astronom. pa 
 pers in Phil. Trans, 1768. 
 
 Horscf icld, Rev. J. W. 1. Hist, and Antiq. of Sus 
 sex, Lon., 2 vols. 4to, 4 4s ; 1. p., 6 6s. 2. Hist, and 
 Antiq. of Lewes and its Vicinity, with an Appendix by 
 Gideon Mantell, 1824, 4to, 2 2*.; 2 vols. 4 to, 3 3s. 
 
 Horseman, Nicholas. Appendix to Wheare's Me 
 thod of Reading Histories, Lon., 1694, 8vo. 
 
 Horsey, John. Lects. on the Intellectual and Moral 
 Powers of Man, Lon., 1828, 8vo. These Lectures were 
 delivered to the students of Coward College, over which 
 Mr. Horsey presided for eight years. 
 
 Horsfall, John. The Preacher, Lon., 1574, '76, 8vo. 
 Horsfield, Thomas, M.D. 1. Lepidopterous Insects, . 
 i Lon., Pts. 1, 2, r. 4to, each 1 11s. 6d. 2. Zoological Re- 
 ! searches in Java, Ac., 1821-24, r. 4to ; 1824, 8 8s. 3. 
 Plantae Javanicse Rariores, 1838-52, fol. ; 50 col'd engrav 
 ings, 8 8s. In the descriptions and observations Dr. H. 
 was assisted by J. J. Bennett and R. Brown. The scien 
 tific descriptions are in Latin; the general history, cha 
 racteristics, details, Ac. in English. See a paper of Dr. 
 H.'s on the Oopas or Poison Tree of Java, in Thorn. Ann. 
 Philos., 1817. Catalogue of the Birds in the Museum of 
 the Hon. East India Company. 
 
 Horsford, J. Four Months in England, by a West 
 j Indian, Lon., 1852, 12mo. 
 
 Horsford, Mary Gardiner, 1824-1855, a daughter 
 
 j of Samuel S. Gardiner, and a native of New York, was 
 
 i married in 1847 to Mr. Eben Norton Horsford, Rumford 
 
 j Professor in Harvard University. Many of her earlier 
 
 productions were contributed to the Knickerbocker Maga- 
 
 I zine, the Lady's Book, Ac. In 1855 she pub. at Boston, 
 
 j a vol. entitled Indian Legends and other Poems, which 
 
 was favourably noticed in the North American Review for 
 
 January, 1856. 
 
 Horsley, Heneage, Dean of Brechin, a son of Bishop 
 | Samuel Horsley. 1. Serm. on Absolution, 1804, 4to. 2. 
 j Serm., 1808. 3. A Letter on raising Pecuniary Supplies, 
 | Ac., 1842, 8vo. 
 
 Horsley, John, 1685-1731, an eminent antiquary, a 
 
 native of Mid-Lothian, of a Northumberland family, was 
 
 ' pastor of a dissenting congregation at Morpeth. Britan- 
 
 I nia Romana; or, the Roman Antiquities of Britain j in 
 
HOR 
 
 HOR 
 
 three Books, Lon., 1732, fol. An analysis of this truly 
 valuable work will be found in Savage's Librarian. Sir 
 P. Thompson's copy was sold for 13 3., and Willett's for 
 14; Heath's, large paper, for 28 17s. 6d., and Consta 
 ble's, large paper, for 35 10. These are the highest 
 prices with which we are acquainted. Horsley left a 
 number of unfinished works in MS. ; some letters of his, 
 addressed to Roger Gale, dated 1729, will be found in 
 Hutchinson's View of Northumberland. See Life of 
 Horsley, by Rev. John Hodgson ; Chambers and Thom 
 son's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen; Nichols's Lit 
 Anec. 
 
 Horsley, John. Longitude at Sea ; Phil. Trans., 1764. 
 
 Horsley, Samuel, LL.D., 1733-1806, a native of 
 London, was educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge ; Curate 
 to his father, who was Rector of Newington Butts, 1758; 
 Rector of Newington Butts, 1759 ; Secretary of the Royal 
 Society, 1773 ; Rector of Aldbury, Surrey, 1774; Preb. of 
 St. Paul's, 1777; Archdeacon of St. Alban's, 1780; Rector 
 of Southweald, Essex, 1782; Preb. of Gloucester, 1787; 
 Bishop of St. David's, 1788; trans, to Rochester, with the 
 Deanery of Westminster, 1793 ; trans, to St. Asaph, resign 
 ing the Deanery of Westminster, 1802. He was a man 
 of profound learning and strong intellectual powers, dic 
 tatorial in controversy, but most benevolent in heart. He 
 was a useful member of the Royal Society, and made con 
 siderable attainments in mathematics, the classics, natural 
 philosophy, and astronomy. A number of his astronomical, 
 mathematical, and other papers will be found in Phil. 
 Trans., 1767-76. His name is best known in connexion 
 with his controversy with Dr. Priestley respecting the 
 faith of the Primitive Christians concerning the nature 
 of Christ In his (1.) History of the Corruptions of Chris 
 tianity, pub. in 1782, 2 vols. 8vo, the former placed at the 
 head of these both Trinitarianism and Arianism; contend 
 ing that the Socinian doctrine of the mere humanity of 
 Christ was the unanimous faith of the first believers. 
 This position was combated by Horsley, in his Charge of 
 May 22, 1783, pub. 1783, 4to. Priestley replied in his 
 Letters to Dr. Horsley, 1783, 8vo; and thus the war was 
 fairly commenced. For further information on this head, 
 the reader is referred to the authorities cited below: 
 Horsley's Tracts in Controversy with Dr. Priestley, 3d ed., 
 with Notes and Appendix by Rev. Heneage Horsley, Dun 
 dee, 1812, 8vo; and to Priestley's Tracts in Controversy 
 with Bishop Horsley, with Notes by the Editor, and an 
 Appendix, containing a Review of the Controversy, Lon.. 
 1815, 8vo. 
 
 " The tracts which he published in controversy with Dr. Priestley 
 are written with consummate ability, and demonstrate the literary 
 deficiencies of his bold antagonist." Dr. E. Williams's C. P. 
 
 " In his controversy with Dr. Priestley, Bishop Horsley had a 
 manifest advantage (as is now pretty generally acknowledged) 
 both in learning and argument." Edin. Rev., xvii. 467, q. v. 
 
 " The severest castigation which a rash and arrogant invader of 
 another's province ever received." 
 
 "Horsley's productions in this controversy will be read as 
 standard works, and admired as models of clear and powerful 
 reasoning. They show a strong and energetic mind, rich in va 
 rious learning, trained in logical precision, quick in perceiving the 
 fallacies of his opponent and skilful in refuting them." Lon. 
 Quar. Rev., Hi. 399-400, q. v. 
 
 "Horsley was the militant of the last generation, Herbert 
 Marsh of the present." Southey's Life and Corrcsp. 
 
 See also Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 1117; Cambridge General 
 Repository, i. 26, 229; ii. 7, 257; iii. 13, 250; and autho 
 rities cited at conclusion of this article. We proceed to 
 notice the most important of Horsley's other productions. 
 2. The Power of God deduced from the computable in 
 stantaneous productions of it in the Solar System, 1787, 
 8vo. 3. Apollonii Pergaei Inclinationum, libri duo Resti- 
 tuti, Oxf., 1770, 4to. 
 
 " In this, though it required more than the usual exertions of a 
 commentator, no very great difficulty presented itself, and Dr. 
 Horsley acquitted himself very much to the satisfaction of geo 
 meters." PROFESSOR PLAYFAIR: Edin. Rev., iv. 258. 
 See No. 11. 
 
 4. Remarks on the Observations made in a late Voyage 
 to the North Pole, [by Hon. Capt. C. J. Phipps, in 1773,] 
 for determining the Acceleration of the Pendulum in lati 
 tude 79 51', Lon., 1774, 4to. 
 
 "Dr.H. here detects some errors of calculation." Watts Bibl. 
 Brit. 
 
 Phipps's book [1774, 4to] and bound up with it." See Rich's Bibl. 
 Amer. Nova, i. 195. 
 
 5. Complete Edition of the Works of Sir Isaac Newton, 
 tinder the title of Isaaci Newtoni Opera quae extant ommia 
 Commentariis, illustrabat Samuel Horsley, LL.D., 1779- 
 85, 5 vols. 4to. 
 
 " A work requiring the exertion of uncommon talents, and ac 
 companied with difficulties which Dr. Horsley was by no means 
 894 
 
 prepared to overcome. Indeed, we know of no literary project, 
 even in this day of literary adventure, of which the failure has 
 been more complete." PROFESSOR PI.AYFAIR : Edin.Rev., iv. 258-259. 
 See Biographies of Newton; Lon. Quar. Rev., iii. 399; 
 and several of the authorities cited at the conclusion of 
 this article. 
 
 6. On the Prosodies of the Greek and Latin Languages, 
 1796, 8vo. Anon. A work of great merit. 
 
 " A work full of erudition, and much esteemed." Watt's Bibl. 
 Brit. 
 
 "In classical acquirements, and in a critical knowledge of the 
 languages in which the sacred books were originally written, he 
 stood in the very first rank of excellence." Edin. Rev., xvii. 466. 
 
 7. Critical Disquisitions on the 18th Chapter of Isaiah; 
 in a Letter to Edward King, Esq., 1796, 1801, 4to. Also 
 in Biblical Criticism, i. 229. 8. Hosea; trans, from the 
 Hebrew, with Notes, Explan. and Grit, 1801, 4to; 1804, 
 4to. Also in Biblical Criticism, with the exception of the 
 serm. on. 1 Pet. iii., which is in the ed. of 1804. 
 
 " This is one of the ablest pieces of criticism on a portion of 
 Scripture in the English language The preface is admirably 
 written, and contains the soundest principles of Biblical interpre 
 tation, as well as excellent views of the particular book to which 
 it is prefixed. The version is nervous, and often characteristic of 
 the translator's mind, as well as of the prophet's style. The criti 
 cal notes display great knowledge of Hebrew, though occasionally 
 they discover that Horsley was partial to novelty and paradox, 
 and in some degree influenced by his Hutchinsonian predilections. 
 Few books are more worthy of the attention of the Biblical scho 
 lar." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " The preface contains a treasure of Biblical criticism." Hornets 
 Bibl. Bib. 
 
 "Critical and illustrative." BicJcersteth's C. S. 
 
 "This translation, with its notes, forms a most valuable acces 
 sion to sound learning; and evinces at once the best qualities of 
 the scholar and the divine, supported by sagacity and a powerful 
 judgment." British Critic, O. S., xix. 176. 
 
 9. Elementary Treatises on the Fundamental Principles 
 of Practical Mathematics ; for the use of Students, Oxf., 
 1801, 8vo. 10. Euclidis Elernentorum Libri Priores XII., 
 <fcc., 1802, 8vo. 11. Euclidis Datorum Liber, cum addita- 
 mentis, <fcc., 1803, 8vo. 
 
 "He certainly possessed competent information and respectable 
 acquirements in mathematics. . . . His edition of Euclid's Elements 
 and Data, and his treatise on the elementary parts of plain mathe 
 matics, are prepared with perspicuity and neatness." Lon. Quar. 
 Rev., iii. 399. 
 
 "In the mathematical and physical sciences, if he stood not in 
 the first rank, he held at least a very respectable station." Edin. 
 Rev., xvii. 466. 
 
 But Nos. 10 and 11 are reviewed with considerable 
 severity by Professor Playfair, in Edin. Rev., iv. 257-272. 
 In fact, the ostentatious preface of the bishop aroused 
 vigilance and sharpened criticism. 12. A Critical Essay 
 on Virgil's Two Seasons of Honey, and his Seasons of 
 Sowing Wheat, Ac., Lon., 1805, 4to. See No. 6. 13. 
 Serms., Dundee, 3 vols. 8vo : i. and ii., 1810; iii., 1812; 
 vol. ii., 3d ed., 1812; iii., 2d ed., 1813. To these is to 
 be added a 4th vol., Lon., 1815, 8vo, containing 9 Serms. 
 on our Lord's Resurrection, and a Dissert, on the Prophe 
 cies of the Messiah, <fcc. The above vols. were repub. in 
 2 vols. in 1824, and again in 1829, (including the nine 
 serms. on the Resurrection, and the Dissert, on the Pro 
 phecies of the Messiah, &c. ; 3d ed., Lon., 1822, 8vo;) in 
 all, 4 vols. in 2. This last ed., 1829, 2 vols. Svo, is the first 
 complete ed. of Horsley's Sermons ; again, 1843, Svo; 1847, 
 8vo; and in collective ed. of his Theolog. Works, 1845, 
 (vide post.) 
 
 "His sermons are fine specimens of commanding eloquence, and 
 contain many deep and original views of Scripture facts and pro 
 phecies." Dr. E. Williams^ C. P. 
 
 "Much original, deep, devout, and evangelical matter, with 
 much that is bold, hazardous, speculative, and rash. . . . Bishop 
 Horsley's powers of mind were of a high order; and his sermons 
 and his other works will render assistance to the student chiefly 
 in the way of criticism. He had the integrity and candour to 
 speak decidedly against the ignorance of many who opposed what 
 they called Calvinistic views." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 " Ordinary readers, moderately conversant with the Bible, and 
 with the theory and practice of their religion, may derive more 
 advantage from these discourses than from any volumes of sermons 
 which have issued from the press for the last fifty years." Edin. 
 Rev. 
 
 " With very few exceptions, of the critical and explanatory cast, 
 consisting of disquisitions on points of abstruse and difficult in 
 vestigation. They are not suited to the taste of general readers, 
 but adapted almost exclusively to those ' whose stomachs,' to use 
 the author's own expression, 'are qualified for the digestion of 
 strong meats,' and whose turn of mind has habituated them to 
 critical discussion and inquiry. We perceive, in almost every 
 part, the mind of Horsley at work." Lon. Quar. Rev., (on vols. i. 
 and ii., 1810,) iii. 398-407, q. v. 
 
 "They are compositions sui generis. Never perhaps did phi 
 losophy, certainly never did the philosophy of physics, lend more 
 powerful aid to the cause of revelation." Ibid., (on vols. i.-iii., 
 1810-12,) ix. 30-39, q. v. 
 
 "In the sense in which we have now explained that term, every 
 discourse in the volumes before us [i. and ii., 1810] may justly ba 
 denominated a gospel sermon." Edin. Rev., xvii. 465-480, q. v. 
 
HOR 
 
 "We have indeed no hesitation whatever to say, that no such 
 sermons have issued from the British press since the commence 
 ment of our critical labours." British Critic. 
 
 And see Lon. Month. Rev., Ixxxiv. 82 ; Phila. Analec. 
 Mag., iv. 268. 
 
 14. Speeches in Parliament, Dundee, 1813, 8vo. New 
 ed., Lon., 8vo. 16. The Charges delivered at his several 
 Visitations of the Dioceses of St. David's, Rochester, and 
 St. Asaph, Dundee, 1813, 8vo; Lon., 1830, 8vo. Also a 
 new ed. in 18mo, and in collective ed., 1845, (vide post.) 
 
 " Some plain and important truths openly and powerfully stated. 
 It has furnished a shield for men of piety against the unjust re 
 proaches of their adversaries." BickerstetKs C. S. 
 
 16. The Book of Psalms; trans, from the Hebrew, with 
 Notes, Crit. and Explan., 1815, 2 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., 1833, 
 8vo ; 4th ed., 1845, 8vo, in collective ed., (vide post.) 
 
 " This is a posthumous work, and far inferior in merit and im 
 portance to the former, [Hosea : see No. 8.] Not above half the 
 Psalms are translated. On the greater number there are no notes, 
 and these for the most part are short and imperfect. Most of the 
 Psalms the bishop applies to the Messiah, in which he merely fol 
 lows the doctrines of Hutchinson. As Horsley never wrote what 
 did not deserve to be read, even his fragments and hints are cal 
 culated to be of service to the student of the Bible ; though such 
 a work as this on the Psalms would never have been published by 
 the learned prelate himself." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " Of considerable use." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 fanciful." Home's Bibl. Bib., Title Morison, Rev. John, D.D. 
 1. 1-25 ; FRY, JOHN, No. 
 
 HOS 
 
 Hort, or Horte, Josiah, d. 1751, at an advanced 
 age, a Dissenting minister at Marshfield, Gloucestershire, 
 conformed before 1708; consecrated Bishop of Ferns and 
 Leighlin, 1721; trans, to Kilmore and Ardagh, 1727; and 
 to the Archbishopric of Tuam, 1742. He was educated at 
 a Dissenting academy, with Dr. Isaac Watts, who declared 
 that Hort was the " first genius in that seminary." 1. Serm., 
 1708. 2. Serm., 1709. 3. Sixteen Serms., Dubl., 1738, 
 8vo; Lon., 1757. 4. Instruc. to the Clergy of Tuam, 
 1742, 8vo; 1768, 8vo; and in Clergyman's Instructor, 349. 
 
 "This charge contains some excellent instructions relative to 
 the ministerial offices." Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 See Memoirs by Dr. Toulmin ; Swift's Works. 
 
 Hort, Robert, Rector of Temple Michael, and Chap 
 lain to Archbishop Hort. Serm. on the Millennium, Matt, 
 vi. 6. Printed at Dublin; reprinted, Lon., 1748. New 
 ed., Dubl., 1821, 8vo. 
 
 Hort, William Jillard, author of The New Pan 
 theon ; or, an Introduction to the Mythology of the An 
 cients, (first ed., 1808, 12mo; last ed., 1852, 18mo,) pub. 
 many other educational works on Geography, Arithmetic, 
 Chemistry, History, Chronology, Reading, Grammar, Arts 
 and Sciences, Natural History, Dictionaries, Ac., all issued 
 by Longman, of London. 
 
 Hortentius, (a nom de plume.) Deinology; or, The 
 
 ., 1801, 
 
 n^^blicS'criticSn on the First Fourteen Historical The Life and Public Services of James Buchanan of 
 
 Pennsylvania, N. York, 1856, 12mo. Mr. Buchanan was 
 elected President of the United States in 1856. Mr. Hor- 
 ton has contributed a number of articles to the New York 
 journals since 1851. 
 Horton, Thomas 
 
 Books of the Old Test., and also on the First Nine Pro 
 phetical Books, <fcc., 1820, 4 vols. 8yo ; 2d ed., with addits. 
 never before pub., 1844, 2 vols. 8vo. Also in collective 
 ed., 1845, (vide post.) 
 
 ' The remarks made on the Psalms [see No. 16] are quite as ap 
 plicable to all that is in these volumes. As a critic, Horsley was 
 learned, but dogmatic. Stern, bold, clear, and brilliant, often elo 
 quent, sometimes argumentative, always original, he was too often 
 led, by his disdain of what is common, into hazardous specula 
 tions and hasty conclusions, and not unfrequently into confident 
 assertions of dubious and paradoxical points." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 " Several of his critical works are posthumous, and appear in an 
 unfinished state ; but even these bear the impress of his mind 
 and are not unworthy of his great powers." Wittiams's C. P. 
 
 "Chiefly posthumous, and many things that probably the 
 author would not have published; much original and useful 
 thought." Bicker steth's C. S. 
 See Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 A collective ed. of Horsley's Theological Works was pub. 
 by Longman in 1845, 6 vols. 8vo, 3 9., containing Bib 
 lical Criticism, 2 vols. ; Psalms, 1 vol. ; Sermons, 2 vols. ; 
 Charges, 1 vol. For further information respecting this 
 eminent prelate, his literary labours and theological and 
 political opinions, see, in addition to the many authorities 
 cited above, Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; 
 The Churchman Armed, i. 421; Wordsworth's Christian 
 Institutes, iii. 34; Darling's Cyc. Bib., i. 1548-1550; 
 Works of Robert Hall, ed. Lon., 1853, iii. 69-74, 75, 76, 
 329, 333-338; Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 647; Watt's Bibl. 
 Brit; Williams's C. P., ed. 1843, 355; Eclec. Rev. for 
 1831; Blackw. Mag., iii. 66; xvii. 25; xxix. 65, 71; xliv. 
 739. 
 
 " Presbyterians as we are, we have a certain pride in acknow 
 ledging that the Church of England has been eminently distin 
 guished, ever since the period of the Reformation, by the talents 
 and learning of her clergy, and especially of those who have been 
 raised to the episcopal office. Among those who have been Ahus 
 raised in our own times, we do not know that a greater could 
 easily be named than the author of the volumes before us." 
 Edin. Rev., xvii. 465-480: Review of Bishop Horsley's Sermons, 
 1810, 2 vols. 
 
 Horsley, Wm. Universal Merchant, Lon., 1753, 4to. 
 Horsley, Wm., M.D. Mineral Waters, 1814, 12mo. 
 Horsley, Wm., Mus. Bac., Oxon., the eminent com 
 poser of music, b. in London, l774, is the author of many 
 well-known glees, and other popular poetical contributions 
 to the literature of his profession 
 
 Horsman, Gilbert. 1. Precedents in Conveyancing, 
 1744, 3 vols. fol. ; 4th ed., 3 vols. 8vo, 1785. See 1 Bart. 
 Conv., 75; Williams's Study of the Law, 125; Marvin's 
 Leg. Bibl., 397. 2. Notes and Observ. on the Fundamental 
 Laws of Eng., 1753, 12mo. 
 
 Horsmanden, Daniel, d. 1778, a native of Eng 
 land, Chief-Justice of New York, pub. The New York 
 Conspiracy; or, the History of the Negro Plot, 1741-42; 
 repub. in 1810. The plot was to burn the city : of the 
 conspirators fourteen blacks were burnt, and eighteen 
 blacks and ten whites were hanged. 
 
 Ilorsnell, John. Serm., Lon., 1705, 4to. 
 
 D.D., d. 1673, a native of Lon 
 don, educated at, and Fellow of, Emanuel Coll., Camb., 
 Master of Queen's Coll., Camb., and Minister of St. Mary 
 Colechurch, London, 1638; Professor of Divinity at Gres- 
 ham Coll., 1641; Preacher of Gray's Inn, 1647; Vice- 
 Chancellor of Cambridge, 1649; ejected for Non-conform 
 ity, 1662; subsequently conformed and became Vicar of 
 Great St. Helen's, London, 1666. He pub. (separately) 
 seven occasional serms., Lon., 1653, '54, '56, '57, '61, '63, 
 72, and after his death appeared (1.) 46 Serms upon the 
 whole 8th chap, of the Epistle to the Romans, 1674, fol. 
 2. 8 Serms. on Ps. iv. 1-8, 1675, fol. 3. A Choice and Prac. 
 Expos, upon the IV., VIII., XXXI., XLIL, and LXIII. 
 Psalms, 1675. 4. 100 Select Serms. upon several Texts, 
 with the Author's Life, by Dr. Wallis, 1679, fol. : fifty 
 serms. upon the Old Test, and fifty upon the New Test. 
 
 " He was a pious and learned man, an hard student, a sound 
 divine, a good textuary, very well skilled in the Oriental lan 
 guages, very well accomplished for the work of a minister, and 
 very conscientious in the discharge of it." DR. JOHN WALLIS. 
 
 See also Athen. Oxon. ; Ward's Lives of Gresham Pro 
 fessors. 
 
 Hortop, Job. The Rare Trauailes of lob Hortop, 
 an Englishman, who was not heard of in three and twentie 
 yeeres space, wherein is declared the dangers he escaped 
 in his Voyage to Gynnie, where, after he was set ashoare 
 in a wilderness, neere to Panico, hee endured much sla- 
 uerie and bondage in the Spanish Galley. Wherein also 
 he discouereth many strange and wonderfull things, seene 
 in the time of his trauaile, as well concerning wilde and 
 sauage people, as also of sundrie monstrous beasts, fishes, 
 and foules, and also trees of wonderfull forme and qualitie, 
 Lon., 1591, 4to. Poor Job seems to have suffered suffi 
 ciently to give him an additional title to his patriarchal 
 and time-honoured designation. We trust that in the 
 home-relation of his "Rare Trauails among wilde and 
 sauage people" the raconteur did not yield to the tempta 
 tion of "pulling the long bow," for the purpose of increas 
 ing the amazement of his wondering auditors. 
 
 Horwood, Caroline. 1. The Battle of Vivaldi, 
 1810, 4 vols. 12rno. 2. St. Osburgh. 3. Original Moral 
 Tales for Children. 4. Instructive Amusement for Young 
 Minds, in Original Poetry, 1815. 
 
 Hosack, David, M.D., LL.D., 1769-1835, a native 
 of the city of New York, educated at Columbia College, 
 and at the College of New Jersey, received the degree of 
 M.D. at Philadelphia in 1791, and, after pursuing his stu 
 dies in Edinburgh and London, became Professor of Botany 
 and of Materia Medica in Columbia College. He was in 
 structor in Physic and Clinical Medicine in the New Col 
 lege of Physicians and Surgeons, and also taught in the 
 Rutgers Medical College. See our life of FRANCIS, JOHN 
 
 Hort, Lt.-Col., author of The Secretary, has pub. W., M.D., LL.D., where we have already dwelt at length 
 a number of other novels, tc., Lon., 1839-50. i upon matters that might otherwise claim a place in the 
 
IIOS 
 
 HOT 
 
 present article. From 1820 to '28 Dr. Hosack was Pre 
 sident of the New York Historical Society, and until the 
 time of his death he exerted a wide and commanding in 
 fluence in every department of the society of his native 
 city. 1. Hortus Elginensis, Svo. 2. Facts relative to the 
 Elgin Botanic Garden, Svo. 3. American Med. and Philos. 
 Register : see FRANCIS, JOHN W,, M.D., LL.D., No. 16. 4. 
 A Biographical Memoir of Hugh Williamson, M.D., LL.D., 
 &c., 1820, Svo. Reviewed by Edward Everett, in N. Amer. 
 Rev., xi. 31-37. The celebrated Hutchinson Letters are 
 noticed in the Memoir and in the Review. 5. Essays on 
 Various Subjects of Medical Science, 1824-30, 3 vols. Svo. 
 6. Inaug. Discourse at the Opening of Rutgers Medical 
 College, 1826, Svo. 
 
 "By all solicitous of information concerning the history and 
 progress of medical affairs in the United States, his discourse be 
 fore the Rutgers College will be studied with peculiar interest." 
 DR. JOHN W. FRANCIS : Life of Hosack. 
 
 7. A System of Practical Nosology, 1829, Svo; 1831, 
 Svo. 8. Memoirs of De Witt Clinton, 1829, 4to. 
 
 "A production which will ever command the regard of every 
 friend of the system of Internal Improvement which ennobles 
 the State of New York." DR. JOHN \V. FRANCIS : ubi supra. 
 
 9. Lects. on the Theory and Practice of Physic, edited 
 by Rev. Henry W. Ducachet, M.D., 1838, Svo. A posthu 
 mous publication, with a portrait. Dr. Hosack also pub. 
 a paper on Vision, in Phil. Trans., (Royal Society,) 1794; 
 medical papers in Annals of Med., 1793, '96; a Biogra 
 phical Account of Dr. Benj. Rush, of Phila., in Thorn. Ann. 
 Philos., 1816 ; several discourses, <fcc. An interesting me 
 moir of Dr. Hosack, by his former pupil and partner, Dr. 
 John W. Francis, will be found in Williams's American 
 Medical Biography, 276-285. Dr. Francis remarks that 
 from the Rev. Henry W. Ducachet, M.D., of Philadelphia, 
 is expected 
 
 "An ample memoir of this distinguished individual, whose 
 abilities few men are better able to appreciate or more highly to 
 admire." 
 
 But we fear that there is but little prospect of the hope 
 being realized. 
 
 Ho sack, John. 1. Treatise on the Conflict of Laws 
 of England and Scotland, Pt. I, Lon., 1847, Svo. 2. The 
 Rights of British and Neutral Commerce, 1854, 12mo. 
 
 Hose, H. J., Mathematical Master of Westminster 
 School. The Elements of Euclid, books i.-vi. ; xi., ( 1-12 ; ) 
 xii., (1-2,) Lon., 12mo. Text based on Simson's. 
 
 " Has various points that recommend it for general use." Lon. 
 Literary Gazette. 
 
 Hosier, John. The Mariner's Friend; or, A Treatise 
 on the Stars, Lon., 1809, Svo. 
 
 Hosking, Wm., Architect and Civil Engineer. 1. 
 Treat, on Architecture and Building; from the Encyc. 
 Brit., Lon., 1839, 4to. 2. A Guide to the Regulation of 
 Buildings as a Means of securing the Health of Towns, 
 1848, '49, p. Svo. A most important subject, truly. 
 
 " We must recommend this work as a most useful and well-timed 
 
 S 'eduction, calculated to diffuse that knowledge which we. with 
 r. Hosking, regard as most desirable." Lon. Economist. 
 Hoskins, G. A. 1. Travels in Ethiopia, Lon., 1835, 
 4to, 3 13*. 6d. 
 
 " Extremely valuable in every point of view to the general reader, 
 and particularly to those who have engaged in prosecuting re 
 searches into Egyptian antiquity." ion. Literary Gazette. 
 Also highly commended by Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 2. Visit to the Great Oasis of the Libyan Desert, Svo, 
 1 1. 
 
 " His volume will interest the general reader by the light which 
 it throws on the habits, condition, and character of a people whom 
 few have visited, while the antiquarian and the philosopher will 
 thankfully acknowledge its valuable contributions to the cause of 
 true history and science." Lon. Eclectic Review. 
 
 3. Spain as it is, 1851, 2 vols. p. Svo, 1 1. 
 
 " To the tourist this work will prove invaluable. It is the most 
 complete and interesting portraiture of Spain that has ever come 
 under our notice." John Bull. 
 
 Hoskins, H. H. 1. Count de Denia; a Play, Lon., 
 1841, r. Svo. 2. De Valencourt; a Tragedy, 1842, Svo. 
 
 Hoskins, or Hoskyns, John, Sr., d. 1638, a native 
 of Herefordshire, educated at, and Fellow of, New Coll., 
 Oxf., became a Sergeant-at-Law, a Justice-Itinerant for 
 Wales, and one of the Council of Marches. He was the 
 author of a number of epigrams and epitaphs in Latin and 
 English, pub. m several collections; a work entitled The 
 Art of Memory ; and left in MS. some law-treatises, and 
 an unfinished Greek Lexicon. See Bliss's Wood's Athen 
 Oxon., ii. 624-629; Granger's Biog. Hist, of Eng. He 
 was eminent for his skill in Latin and English poetry 
 
 "'Twas he that polish'd Ben Jonson the poet, and made him 
 speak clean, whereupon he ever after called our author Father 
 Hoskyns; and 'twas he that view'd and review'd the Historv of 
 the World, written by Sir W. Raleigh, before it went to the press '' 
 WOOD: ubi supra. 
 
 Ben Jonson was not unmindful of his obligations to 
 Hoskins; for he was accustomed to say, 
 
 " r Twas he that polish'd me; I do acknowledge it." 
 
 Hoskins, or Hoskyns, John, Jr., d. 1631, a native 
 of Herefordshire, brother (sic) to the preceding, and Per 
 petual Fellow of New Coll., Oxf., became Preb. of Here 
 ford and Minister of Ledbury. 1. Serm., Lon., 1609, 4to. 
 2. 8 Serms., 1615, 4to. 3. Short Catechism. See Bliss's 
 Wood's Athen. Oxon., ii. 510. 
 
 " He was an able civilian, but better theologist, and much fol 
 lowed for frequent and edifying way of preaching." WOOD : ubi 
 supra. 
 
 Hoskins, Joseph. Hymns, Bristol, 1789, Svo. 
 
 Hoskyus, Chandos Wren. 1. Short Inquiry into 
 the Hist, of Agriculture, Lon., 1849, 12mo. 2. Talpa, or 
 Chronicles of a Clay Farm; an Agricultural Fragment, 
 fp. Svo, 1852, '53, '54. 
 
 " These works obtain very little notice." Donaldson's Agricult. 
 
 But we should think three edits, in as many successive 
 years very respectable "notice." From the commenda 
 tions before us of Talpa, we have space for the following 
 only: 
 
 " Cleverly written in a vein of pleasantry, the work persever- 
 ingly uproots the prejudices of the past, and demonstrates that 
 scientific knowledge is an important element in successful tillage." 
 Lincoln Mercury. 
 
 Hosmer, Rev. William. 1. Self-Education; or, 
 The Philosophy of Mental Improvement, Bath, N. York, 
 12mo. 2. Young Lady's Book ; or, Principles of Female 
 Education, Auburn, N. York, 12mo. New ed., N. York, 
 1855, 16mo. 3. Young Man's Book ; or, Self-Education, 
 Auburn, N. York, 12mo. New ed., N. York, 1855, 16mo. 
 4. The Higher Law in its Relations to Civil Government, 
 Auburn, N. York, 16mo. 5. Christian Beneficence, 1855. 
 18mo. 
 
 Hosmer,William Henry Cuyerl, b. 1S14, at Avon, 
 Western New York, was educated at the Temple Hill Aca 
 demy at Geneseo, and at Geneva College. He was en 
 gaged in the practice of the law at Avon until 1854, when 
 he removed to the city of New York, where he holds an 
 office in the Custom-House. 
 
 Mr. Hosmer became an author at a very early age, his 
 muse finding congenial themes in the legends, customs, 
 and superstitions of the North American Indians, with 
 which he was familiar from his childhood. The following 
 chronological list of his productions is extracted from a 
 work to which (as to the other vols. by the same author) 
 the student of American Letters must have frequent refer 
 ence, Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America: 
 
 "In 1830 he composed a drama entitled 'The Hall of Tecumseh.' 
 His first publication, except contributions to the journals and maga 
 zines, was * The Themes of Song,' containing about six hundred 
 and fifty lines; this appeared in 1834, and was followed by 'The 
 Pioneers of Western New York,' in 1838; 'The Prospects of the 
 Age,' in 1841; 'Yonnondio, or The Warriors of the Geuesee,' in 
 1844; 'The Mouths,' in 184T ; 'Bird Notes,' 'Legends of the Sene- 
 cas,' and 'Indian Traditions and Songs,' in 1850; and a complete 
 edition of his ' Poetical Works,' in two volumes, in 1853." 
 
 Dr. Griswold commends Mr. Hosmer's poetry in very 
 high terms. After some eulogistic comments upon " the 
 longest, if not the most important, of his productions," 
 the critic continues: 
 
 "To such poems, however, [those relating to the Indians,] most 
 readers will be apt to prefer the simpler effusions in which he has 
 echoed the Notes of the Birds, or painted the varying phenomena 
 of The Months. In these, too, he has faithfully subjected bis 
 muse to the requirements of truth. He accomplishes his task of 
 description by felicities in selection and combination from nature. 
 An AUDUBON or a MICHAUX would search in vain for an error in 
 his plumage or foliage, and a COLE might give the finishing touches 
 to the lights and shadows of his landscapes, from the poet's ob 
 servation of atmospheric effects or the changing influence of the 
 seasons." See also Griswold's Prose Writers of America, 4th ed., 
 1852, p. 300. 
 
 Hossack, Colin, M.D. Abridgt. of Baron Von Li- 
 viston's Commentaries, Lon., 1773-76, 5 vols. Svo. 
 
 Hotckkin, Rev. James H., d. at Prattsburg, New 
 York, 1851, graduated at Williams College, 1800, and was 
 stationed at Prattsburg for twenty-one years from 1809. 
 Hist, of the Churches in Western New York, N. York, Svo. 
 See Genesee Evangelist, Sept. 1851; N. York Internat 
 Mag., 1851, p. 572. 
 
 Hotchkin, Thomas. Serins., Lon., 1675, '78, both 
 Svo. 
 
 Hotham, Charles, Fellow of Peterham College. 
 1. In Philosophiam Teutonicam Manuductio, eive Deter- 
 minatio de Origine Animae Humanse, Lon., 1648, 8vo. 
 Englished by D. F., 1650, 12mo. In the preface occurs 
 the following remark : 
 
 " In truth it is very hard to write good English ; and few have 
 attained its height, in this last frie of books, but Mr. Milton." 
 
 2. Corporations Vindicated, Ac., 1651, 12mo. 3. Petition 
 
HOT 
 
 HOtT 
 
 and Argument before the Com. of the Reform, of Univer 
 sities, 1655, 4to. 
 
 Hotham, Durand. Life of J. Behinen, Lon., 1654, 
 4to. 
 
 Hotham, Sir John. Certain Letters from him and 
 others intercepted, Oxf., 1643, 4to. 
 
 Hotham, Sir Richard. Reflections on East India 
 Shipping, Lon., 1773, Svo. 
 
 Houtlemius, Joh., a native of England. Christiados 
 Rhythmicse, libri vi., Luxemb., 1603, Svo. 
 
 Hough, F. B. 1. Hist, of St. Lawrence and Franklin 
 Counties, New York, Albany, 1853, Svo. 2. Hist, of Jeffer 
 son County, New York, 1854, Svo. 3. New York Civil List, 
 1855, 12mo. Ed. of sundry historical documents, 1855-9. 
 Hough, James, Perpetual Curate of Ham, formerly 
 Chaplain to the E. I. Co. at Madras. 1. A Reply to the 
 Letters of the Abb6 Dubois, on the State of Christianity 
 in India, Lon., 1824, Svo. 2. Christian Legacy, 12mo. 
 3. Letters on Neilgherries, Svo. 4. Protestant Missions 
 vindicated, 1837, Svo. 5. Missionary's Vade-Mecum, 
 12mo. 6. Book of Psalms and Hymns, 1838, 18mo. 7. 
 Hist, of Christianity in India from the commencement of 
 the Christian Era, 1839-45, 4 vols. Svo, 2 8s. 
 
 " I wish I were writing, my dear friend, The History of Chris 
 tianity in India. It is a glorious theme." Bishop Wilson, of Cal 
 cutta, to the author. 
 
 This is an authentic and a most valuable work. In the 
 Appendix will be found The Acts and Decrees of the 
 Synod of Diamper, <fcc. 
 
 Hough, John, D.D., 1651-1743, a native of Middle 
 sex, educated at, and Fellow of, Magdalene College, Oxford, 
 was elected President of his college in 1687, in contempt 
 of the arbitrary mandamus of James II., who illegally 
 attempted to force the Fellows to elect Anthony Farmer 
 head of the college. The king hereupon sent a mandate 
 to the Fellows to elect Dr. Samuel Parker, Bishop of Ox 
 ford, a Roman Catholic, President of the college. Upon 
 the refusal of the Fellows, Lords-Commissioners were sent 
 to Magdalene, who were stoutly confronted by Hough and 
 twenty-six of the twenty-eight Fellows of the College, and 
 the keys retained by the former, who boldly protested 
 against the illegal proceedings. The Commissioners then 
 forced open the door of the President's lodgings, and 
 placed Dr. Parker in Hough's place. 
 
 "The nation, as well as the university, looked on all this pro 
 ceeding with a just indignation. It was thought an open piece 
 of robbery and burglary, when men authorized by no legal com 
 mission came forcibly and turned men out of their possession and 
 freeholds." BISHOP BURNET. 
 
 " Hough maintained his own rights and those of his college 
 with equal decorum and firmness." Sir James MacldntosK 's Re 
 view of the Causes of the Revolution of 1688 : Works, ii. 157, Lon., 
 185*. 
 
 " The protest of Hough was everywhere applauded; the forcing 
 of his door was everywhere mentioned with abhorrence." T. B. 
 Macaulay's Hist, of Eng., vol. ii., 1849. 
 
 This occurred in October, 1687; and in the end of Sep 
 tember of the following year, James II. now alarmed for 
 the safety of his crown took measures by which Hough 
 and his expelled Fellows and Demies were restored. After 
 the Revolution, Hough was, in April, 1690, made Bishop 
 of Oxford; in 1699 he succeeded Dr. William Lloyd, Bishop 
 of Lichfield and Coventry; in 1715, on the death of Teni- 
 son, he declined the Archbishopric of Canterbury, but in 
 1717 he became Bishop of Worcester. For further infor 
 mation respecting this excellent man, the reader is referred 
 to the histories of England ; John E. Wilmot's Life and 
 Correspondence of Bishop Hough, Lon., 1812, r. 4to; and to 
 the Life prefixed to Bishop Hough's Sermons and Charges, 
 by Wm. Russell, Oxford, 1821, Svo. During the bishop's 
 life he pub. eight occasional serms., 1701, '02, '04, '05, '09, 
 '12, '15, all in 4to. Mr. Russell's collection contains four 
 charges and nine sermons, but neither of the above ser 
 mons, at which we somewhat marvel. Hough left stricl 
 orders that none of his MS. sermons should be pub. after 
 his death. 
 
 " He is furnished with a large stock of learning and piety. He 
 has turned over the Fathers with great curiosity and pains, and 
 paid a venerable respect to their ashes; and. as he is a Prelate of 
 remarkable piety and learning, so he is a Hero of great temper and 
 courage. This was seen in his resolute defending the rights of 
 Magdalen College : for this noble service he is j ustly rewarded 
 with the See of Lichfield and Coventry. Those whose actions are 
 eminently pious and brave will, like this worthy champion, be 
 eminent in place and person." JOHN DHNTON : Life and Errors. 
 Hough, Nathaniel, D.D., Fellow of Jesus College 
 Camb., and Rector of St. George's, Southwark. Six Serms. 
 pub. separately, 1704, '06, '12, '15, '16, '24. 
 
 Hough, Major William. 1. Case-Book of Native 
 and European General Courts-Martial, Calcutta, 1821. 2 
 In conjunction with G. Long, The Practice of Courts- 
 
 Martial, &c., Lon., 1825, Svo; Calcutta, 1834, Svo. 3. On 
 he B. I. Co.'s Mutiny Acts, Ac., Lon., 1838, Svo. 4. Chro- 
 nol. Expos, of Military-Law Authorities, 1781-1839, Svo ; 
 1839. 5. Narrative of the War in Affghanistan, 1841, Svo. 
 " This work is what would be called by the Duke of Wellington 
 a true book.' " Lon. Spectator. 
 
 " From the minute fidelity with which this book records every 
 fact connected with the army, it will be invaluable to the com 
 mander in any future campaign; and, beyond all other works on 
 ;he same subject, will be the one referred to with most confidence 
 jy the historian." Naval and Military Gazette. 
 
 " Beyond all doubt the most complete history of a campaign we 
 lave ever met with." United Service Gazette. 
 
 6. Political and Military Events in British India, Aff 
 ghanistan, and China, from 1757 to 1849, 2 vols. p. Svo, 
 1853. Major Hough was engaged in active service in 
 India for forty years, and participated in many of the 
 scenes described by him. His authority therefore is of 
 reat weight. 7. India as it ought to be under the New 
 lharter Act, 1853, Svo. 8. Precedents in Military Law, 
 1855, Svo. 
 
 Houghton, Aylmar. Antidote against Hen. Hag- 
 gar's Poysonous Pamphlet against Baptism, Lon., 1659, 
 4to. 
 
 Houghton, Douglass, M.D., 1809-1845, a native of 
 Troy, Surgeon and Botanist to the United States Expe 
 dition to explore the sources of the Mississippi River, 
 drew up an able and valuable Report of the Botany of the 
 region through which he then passed. In 1837 he was 
 appointed State Geologist to Michigan. See American 
 Almanac, 1847, 325-326. 
 
 Houghton, J. Observations on the Evidences of 
 Christ's Resurrection : two Serms., Lon., 1798, Svo. 
 Houghton, J. Mercantile Tables, 1811, Svo. 
 Houghton, John. 1. A Collec. of Letters for the Im 
 provement of Husbandry and Trade, Lon., 1681, 4to ; 1691, 
 1703, fol. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 2. Collections 
 for the Improvement of Husbandry, <tc., 1680-95; 2d ed., 
 revised by Rich. Bradley, 1727-28, 4 yols. Svo. 
 
 "These papers contain a great variety of curious particulars and 
 discussions." McCuttoch's Lit. of l^lit. Econ. 
 3. Account of Coffee; Phil. Trans., 1699. 
 Houghton, John. Eng. Grammar, Lon., 1765, Svo. 
 Houghton, Mary. Novels, 1810, '13, '16. 
 Houghton, Pendlebury. Serms., 1790-1810. 
 Houghton, Thomas. Rara Avis in Terris; The 
 Complete Miner, <fec., Lon., 1681, Svo; 1688, 12mo; again 
 in 1729 and in 1738. Houghton pub. other works on 
 mining, Ac. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 Houghton, Wm. Poems, 1812-13. 
 Houghton, Wm. 1. Exam, of Calvinism; 2d ed., 
 Lon., 1849, 12mo. 2. Inquiry into the Theory of the Ang 
 lican Reformers, 1852, cr. Svo. 
 
 Houlbrook, Wm. A Blacksmith and no Jesuit; 
 or, The Smith of Marlborough, Lon., 1660, 12mo. 
 Houlbrooke, Theophilus. Serm., Lon., 1796, 4to. 
 Houlder, Robert. Barnevelt's Apology ; with Mar 
 ginal Castigations, 1618, 4to. 
 
 Houlston, Thomas, M.D., of Liverpool. Med. trea 
 tises, Lon., 1773-87. 
 
 Houlston, Wm. Med. treatises, 1792, '94, Svo. 
 Houlton, Robert. Serms., Lon., 1765, '67. 
 Houlton, Robert. A Comic Opera, &c., 1800-02. 
 Houschone, Wm. Scotland pulling down the Gates 
 of Rome, Lon., 1683, 4to. 
 
 Houseman, C. A Writing ; or, Declaration from the 
 Law-Book, <fcc. ; 2d ed., Lon., 1821, Svo. Privately printed. 
 Again, 1833, Svo? See Martin's Cat. of Privately-Printed 
 Books; 2d ed., 1854, p. 278. This is an attack on the 
 Newtonian system. 
 
 Houseman, John. 1. A Topog. Descrip. of Cum 
 berland, Westmoreland, Lancashire,<fec., Carlisle, 1800, Svo. 
 2. A Descriptive Tour and Guide to the Lakes, <tc., 1800, 
 '02, Svo. 
 
 "In my early Tours I found this book very useful." MS. note 
 in Henry Drury's copy. 
 
 No. 2 forms part of No. 1. See Upcott's Eng. Topog., 
 114-115. 
 
 Housman, Robert, the founder, and for above 
 forty years the incumbent minister, of St. Anne's, Lancas 
 ter, author of sermons, <fec., 1793, Ac. See his Life and 
 Remains, by Robert Fletcher Housman, Lon., 1841, Svo. 
 See Lon. Evangel. Register; Lancaster Gazetteer. 
 
 Housman, Robert Fletcher. 1. Life and Remains 
 of the Rev. Robert Housman. See preceding article. 2. 
 A Collection of English Sonnets, 1841, Svo. See Lon. 
 Athenaeum. 
 
 Houston, Mrs., a daughter of Mr. Edward Jesse> 
 the author of Favourite Haunts and Rural Studies, <fec., 
 
IIOU 
 
 HOW 
 
 has become known to the reading public by her descriptions 
 of her travelling adventures viz. : 1. A Yacht Voyage to 
 Texas and the Gulf of Mexico, Lon., 1844, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " She inherits the easy spirit of the paternal pen. Her adven 
 tures are often most diverting, and the buoyancy of her tempera 
 ment seems almost unique; yet all is amiable, gentle, and good." 
 Miss RIGHT: Lady Travellers: Lon. Quar. Rev., Ixxvi. 124-125. 
 
 2. Hesperus; or, Travels in the West, 1850, 2 vols. p. 
 8vo. In this work Mrs. Houston describes her travels in 
 the United States of North America. See Lon. Athenseuin, 
 1850, 99-100. 
 
 Houston, James. Observations, Geographical, Na 
 tural, and Historical, on the Coast of Guinea,Lon.,1725,8vo. 
 
 Houston, James. See HOCSTOUN. 
 
 Houston, Robert. See HOUSTOUN. 
 
 Houston, T. Term-Day; a Comedy, 1803. 
 
 Houston, Rev. Thomas, of Knockbracken. 1. Di 
 vine Commendation of Abraham, Lon., 1844, 18mo. Highly 
 commended. 2, Youthful Devotedness; Duties of Reli 
 gion, 1849, 12mo. 3. Judgment of the Papacy and the 
 Reign of Righteousness, 1852, 12mo. 
 
 Houston, William, M.D., d. 1733, in the West In 
 dies, an eminent English botanist. 1. Reliquiae Houstoni- 
 anae seu in Plantarum in America Meridionali collectar. 
 Icones, (26,) Londini, 1781, 4to. Pub. by Sir Joseph Banks. 
 2. The Contrayerva; Phil. Trans., 1731. 3. The Thorax 
 and Respiration; Phil. Trans., 1736. 
 
 Houston, William. See HOULSTON. 
 
 Houstoun, or Houston, James. Memoirs of his 
 Life-Time, and curious particulars of 30 Years' Travel, 
 collected from his own MS. by Bickerstaff, Lon., 1747, 8vo. 
 Houstoun, a Scotchman, was surgeon to the Assiento Com 
 pany's Factories in America, and was for many years en 
 gaged in trading in Central America and the Spanish Main. 
 
 Houstoun, or Houston, Robert, M.D. 1. Animad. 
 on Lithotomia Douglassiana, Lon., 1720, 8vo. 2. Hist, of 
 Ruptures,1726,8vo. 3. Med. papers in Phil. Trans.,1723/24. 
 
 Hovaeus, Rob., a Scotsman. De Reconciliatione 
 Hominis cum Deo, Bas., 1591. 
 
 Hoveden, Roger De, an English historian, lawyer, 
 and divine, temp. Henry II., flourished about the end of 
 the 12th and beginning of the 13th centuries. He was for 
 some time a Professor of History at Oxford ; but a portion 
 of his life was spent at court, and in confidential services 
 intrusted to him by the king. He composed Annales in 
 Latin, commencing at the year 731, where Bede left off, 
 and continued to the third year of King John, 1202. The 
 Annales were first pub. by Sir Henry Savile, in the Scrip- 
 tores post Bedam, Lon., 1595, fol., and reprinted at Frank 
 fort, in two books, 1601, fol. A new ed., by T. Riley, pub. 
 in.Bohn's Antiq. Lib., vols. xx., xxiii., 1853. Vossius says 
 that he wrote also a history of the Northumbrian kings, 
 and a life of Thomas a Becket. 
 
 "If we consider his diligence, his knowledge of antiquity, and 
 his religious strictness of veracity, he may be considered as having 
 surpassed not only the rude historians of the preceding ages, but 
 even what could have been expected of himself. If to that fidelity, 
 which is the first quality of a historian, he had joined a little more 
 elegance of Latin style, he might have stood the first among the 
 authors of that class." LEIAXD. 
 
 But see Recueil des Histoires des Gaules, <fec., torn, xi., 
 Pref. Ixxx.; torn, xiii., Pref. xxj. According to the last- 
 cited authority, Hoveden appears to have been chiefly a 
 copyist of Henry of Huntingdon, Simeon of Durham, and 
 Benedictus Abbas. See Tanner; Dibdin's Lib. Comp. 
 
 Hovenden, John Eykyn. 1. Treat, rel. to Fraud, 
 Lon., 1825, 2 vols. r. 8vo. Amer. ed., by T. Huntington, 
 N. York, 1832, 2 vols. r. 8vo. A work of but little merit. 
 See 15 Amer. Jur., 368. 2. Supp. to Vesey Jr.'s Reports 
 of Cases in Chancery, Lon., 1827, 2 vols. r. 8vo. 
 
 Hovey, Alvah, D.D. Memoir of the Life and Times 
 of the Rev. Isaac Backus, Bost, 1859, 12mo. 
 
 Hovey, C. M., b. Oct. 1810, at Cambridge, Mass., for 
 more than twenty years ed. of the Mag. of Horticulture. 
 The Fruits of America : a Series of 48 Drawings, col'd 
 after Nature, of the choicest varieties of American Fruits, 
 with Botanical and Popular Descriptions, Bost,, 1847, 8vo. 
 The .horticulturist cannot well dispense with this volume. 
 
 Hovey, Ivory, 1714-1803, Minister of Plymouth, 
 Mass., graduated at Harvard College, 1735, pub. a serm. 
 on leaving Metapoiset, and one on the subject of Mortality. 
 
 How, James, Rector of Milton, Kent, pub. 1. Four 
 separate serms., Lon., 1728, '31, '32, '56; 2. The Reformed 
 Prodigal, 1762, 8vo; and, 3. Busy Bodies Anatomized, 1764, 
 8vo. 
 
 How, James. Discourse on Prayer, Glasg., 1749, 8vo. 
 
 How, Samuel. Human Learning no Help to Spiritual 
 Understanding, Lon., 1655, 4to. 
 
 How, or Howe, William, 1619-1656, a native of, 
 and physician in, London, for some time a captain in the 
 king's army, was the first English botanist who gave a 
 sketch of a "Flora," viz. : Phytologia Britannica natalea 
 exhibens Indigenarum Stirpium Sponte emergentiuin, 
 Lon., 1650, 8vo. 
 
 "This list contains 1220 plants, which (as few mosses and fungi 
 are enumerated) is a copious catalogue for that time, eveu admit 
 ting the varieties which the present state of botany would reject; 
 but there are many articles in it which have no title to a place as 
 indigenous plants of England." 
 
 An index of plants in the Phytologia Britannica is an 
 nexed to Robert Lovell's Enchiridion Botanieum, Oxf., 
 1659, 2 vols. 8vo; 1665, 8vo. 
 
 How also pub. Matthew de L'Obell's Stirpium Illustra- 
 tiones, Lon., 1665, 4to. See Athen. Oxon. Wood tells us 
 that How 
 
 " Left behind him a choice library of books of his faculty ; but 
 how they were bestowed I cannot tell." Ubi supra: Mist's ed., 
 iii. 419. 
 
 What would not the Hookers and Loudons of our day 
 give for a sight of this curious botanical library? 
 
 How. See HOWE. 
 
 Howard. Discourse wherein the Doctrines which 
 make for Tyranny are Displayed, 1597, 8vo. 
 
 Howard. Moneys in Exchequer, <fcc., 1694, fol. 
 
 Howard, Miss. Married Life, 1811, 5 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Howard, Anne, Viscountess Irwin, d. 1760, second 
 daughter of Charles, Earl of Carlisle, was married first to 
 Richard, Viscount Irwin, and secondly to Colonel Douglas. 
 
 1. A character of the Princess Elizabeth, pub. in 1759. 
 
 2. An Ode on King George the Third, 1761. 3. An An 
 swer to some Verses of Lady Mary Wortley Montague, 
 printed in the Supp. to Pope's Works, vol. i. p. 170. 4. A 
 Poetical Essay on Mr. Pope's Characters of Women. The 
 last, which is her best-known piece, (see Park's Walpole's 
 R. and N. Authors, v. 155-157,) is highly commended by 
 Duncombe, in the Feminead, q. v. 
 
 Howard, Benjamin C., a native of Maryland, fox 
 many years Clerk of the Supreme Court of the U. States, 
 Reports of Cases in Supreme Ct. U. States, 1843, to Decem 
 ber Term, 1855, Bost., 18 vols. 8vo, $5 50 per vol. These 
 Reports follow Peters's. Dallas's, Cranch's, Wheaton's, 
 Peters's, and Howard's Reports constitute a complete set 
 of U. States Supreme Ct. Reports. Of these invaluable 
 j Reports a new edit, is in course of publication by Little ; 
 Brown & Co. of Boston, edited by Judge Benjamin R, 
 Curtis. The Old Series of these Reports, to the close of 
 December Term, 1854, are in 57 vols., viz. : Dallas, 4 vols. : 
 Cranch, 9 vols.; Wheaton, 12 vols.; Peters, 16 vols. 
 Howard, 17 vols. The catalogue-price of these 58 vols 
 is $222. The new ed. is comprised in 22 vols., at $3 onlj 
 por vol., with Notes and a Digest of all the Decisions 
 This enterprise we regard as one of the most praiseworthy 
 of the day. But, as the opinion of a layman is not con 
 sidered "authority" by the "gentlemen of the long robe,' 
 we are able to strengthen our dictum by the opinions of 
 Judges Taney, McLean, Wayne, Catron, Daniel. Nelson 
 Grier, Campbell, Walker, and Thomas, Professor Theophi 
 lus Parsons, and Messrs. Angell and Ames. If any apo 
 logy be required for the warm interest displayed by th< 
 author of this Dictionary in the Literature of Jurispru 
 dence, a laic, this apology has already been tenderec 
 in his Lives of Sir William Blackstone and Lord Coke 
 and in other places in this volume. See CURTIS, BENJA 
 
 MIN R. 
 
 Howard, Caroline. See GLOVER, MRS. 
 
 Howard, Hon. Charles, of Norfolk. 1. Tanning 
 Leather; Phil. Trans., 1674. 2. Planting, &c. of Saffron; 
 ibid., 1678. 
 
 Howard, Charles, Earl of Carlisle, d. 1686. Rela 
 tion of his three Embassies from Charles II. to the Courts 
 of Muscovy, Sweden, and Denmark, 1663, '64, by G. M., 
 Lon., 1669, 8vo; with a portrait of the Earl, by Faithorne. 
 This vol., "containing many curious remarks upon the 
 countries through which the Earl passed," is reprinted ic 
 Harris's Voyages. 
 
 Howard, Charles, third Earl of Carlisle. See CAR 
 LISLE. 
 
 Howard, Hon. Charles, of Grey stock Castle, Cum 
 berland, afterwards (1777) tenth Duke of Norfolk, d. 1786, 
 | 1. Thoughts, Essays, and, Maxims, chiefly Religious and 
 Political, Lon., 1768, 8vo. 2. Historical Anecdotes of 
 some of the Howard Family, 1769, Svo. Part of this wort 
 (now very rare) was intended for a Preface to a new ed. 
 of the Poems of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. A copy 
 (of the Anecdotes) was sold at the Fonthill sale for 3 3*. 
 See a description of the work in Moule's Bibl. Heraldica, 
 
HOW 
 
 HOW 
 
 DCXXII. It is said that it was suppressed by the author. 
 See Memorial of Charles Howard, Esq., of Greystock, &c., 
 in Martin's Bibl. Cat. of Privately- Printed Books, ed. 
 1854, p. 61 ; Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 973. 
 
 Howard, Daniel. 1. Treat, on Summary Proceed 
 ings, Ac., Lon., 1812, 8vo. 2. Do. before Magistrates, 
 1814, 8vo. 
 
 Howard, Hon. Edward, son of Thomas, Earl of 
 Berkshire, and brother of Sir Robert Howard, "exposed 
 himself to the severity of our satirists by writing bad 
 plays." 1. The Usurper; Trag., Lon., 1668, 4to. The 
 character of Damocles was intended for Oliver Cromwell. 
 See the letter by Thomas Hobbes, prefixed to this play. 
 2. Six Days' Adventure ; a Com., 1671, 4to. 3. The Wo 
 man's Conquest; Tragi-Com., 1671, 4to. 4. The Man of 
 Newmarket; Com., 1678, 4to. 5. The Change of Crownes ; 
 a Play. Not printed. 6. The London Gentleman ; a Com. 
 Not printed. 7. The United Kingdoms; Tragi-Com. Not 
 printed. He was also the author of 8. The British 
 Princes; an Heroic Poem, 1669, 8vo. 9. Poems and Es 
 says, &c., 1674, 8vo. See Biog. Dramat. 
 
 " Sir Robert [Howard] was the original hero of The Rehearsal, 
 
 lodellei 
 the lines, 
 
 and was called Bilboa. In the remodelled Dunciad, Pope inserted 
 
 ! And high-born Howard, more majestic sire, 
 With Fool of Quality completes the choir.' 
 Pope's 'high-born Howard' was Edward Howard, the author of The 
 British Princes." I 7 . B. Macatday's Hist, of Eng., vol. iii. 1856. 
 
 See HOWARD, SIR ROBERT, M.P., in this Dictionary. 
 
 Howard, Hon. Edward. 1. Philosophy of Des 
 cartes, Lon., 1701, 4to. 2. Copernicus Convicted, 1705, 
 8vo. 
 
 Howard, Edward. 1. New Fulminating Mercury ; 
 Nic. Jour, 1800, and Phil. Trans., 1800. 2. Stony and 
 Metalline Substances, &c., Nic. Jour. 1802 ; Phil. Trans., 
 1802. 
 
 Howard, Edward, Lt., R.N., a popular novelist, d. 
 1842. 1. The Old Commodore, Lon., 1837, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 2. Rattlin the Reefer, 1838 ; 1839, 12mo ; 1849, 12mo. 3. 
 Outward-Bound, 1838, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 4. Memoir of Ad 
 miral Sir William Sidney Smith, G.C.B., 1839, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 5. Jack Ashore, 1840, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 1849, 12mo. 6. Sir 
 Henry Morgan, the Buccaneer, 1842, 3 vols. p. 8vo. See 
 the authentic memoirs of Sir Henry Morgan in Lon. Gent. 
 Mag. for 1832, vol. cii. Pt. 1, 128, 131. Lieut. Howard 
 also pub. many pieces in the periodicals of the day. 
 
 Howard, Frank, a son of Henry Howard, the emi 
 nent artist, (post.) 1. The Spirit of the Plays of Shak- 
 speare exhibited in a Series of Outline Plates illustrative 
 of the Story of each Play, with Quotations and Descrip 
 tions, 1827-33; 491 Plates; bound in 5 vols. 8vo, 14 8s. ; 
 large paper, r. 4to, 25 4*. The plates are sold sepa 
 rately. This is a most valuable work. 2. Sketcher's 
 Manual, or The whole art of Picture Making reduced to 
 the Simplest Principles, 1837, 12mo; also, 1841; 1846; 
 1852. 3. Colour as a Means of Art, 1838, p. 8vo. 
 
 " A pretty book, which we may recommend as giving useful 
 bints : tinted lithograph plates illustrate the keys of harmony in 
 which different artists wrought." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 " Mr. Howard has done great service in this attempt to reduce 
 to principles of certainty those qualities which have been hitherto 
 vaguely referred to taste." Lon. Atlas. 
 
 4. Imitative Art, or the Means of Representing the 
 Pictorial Appearance of Objects, p. 8vo ; 1840. 5. Science 
 of Drawing; in 3 Pts., 12mo, 1839-40. See HOWARD, 
 HENRY, of Royal Academy. 
 
 Howard, Frederick, Earl of Carlisle. See CARLISLE. 
 
 Howard, George, i.e. Lieut. F. C. Laird, R.N. 
 1. Lady Jane Grey and her Times, Lon., 1822, 8vo. 
 
 "Lieut. Laird himself told me 35 or 36 years ago that he was the 
 author of this book."? 7 . H. Horne, D.D., to S. A. Allibone, Oct. 1858. 
 
 2. Wolsey the Cardinal, and his Times, 1824, 8vo. 
 
 Howard, George William Frederick, Earl of 
 Carlisle. See CARLISLE. 
 
 Howard, Gorges Edmund, d. in London in 1786, 
 a poet and architect, dramatic, legal, and political writer, 
 pub. his Miscellaneous Works in Dublin, 1782, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 He pub. enough matter to fill 4 quarto and 11 octavo vols. 
 His most useful publications were those on the Exche 
 quer, Chancery, Revenue, and Trade of Ireland, 1759-81. 
 See Biog. Dramat. ; Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Marvin's Leg. 
 Bibl. 
 
 Howard, Henry, Earl of Surrey, 1518?-1547, one 
 of the most eminent of English poets, was the third son 
 of Thomas, Earl of Surrey, and third Duke of Norfolk, 
 by his second duchess, Elizabeth, daughter of Edward 
 Stafford, Duke of Buckingham. In his early youth be 
 was a companion at Windsor Castle to Henry Fitzroy, 
 
 Duke of Richmond, Henry VIII.'s natural son; and he 
 subsequently accompanied his friend to Cardinal College, 
 now Christ Church, Oxford. In 1535 he was married to 
 the Lady Frances Vere, in 1542 served in the army 
 under his father in Scotland, and in 1544 was appointed 
 Field-Marshal of the English army on the Continent. He 
 did good service at the sieges of Landrecy and Boulogne, 
 and, by his valour, skill, and accomplishments, secured a 
 degree of popular favour which excited the jealousy of 
 the king and the Earl of Hertford, the king's brother, 
 and thus proved his ruin. In 1546 he was ordered to 
 return from the Continent, made a prisoner on his arrival 
 in England, convicted of high treason on the most absurd 
 pretences, and beheaded on Tower Hill, January 19, 1547. 
 He left two sons and three daughters to mourn his un 
 timely and melancholy end. Much obscurity rests upon 
 his adventures as a romantic traveller and poetical lover, 
 and until recently but little was known of the far-famed 
 lady to whom he indited the most celebrated of his effu 
 sions : but 
 
 " It seems to be now ascertained, after sweeping away a host of 
 foolish legends and traditionary prejudices, that the Geraldine of 
 Surrey, Lady Elizabeth Fitzgerald, was a child of thirteen, for 
 whom his passion, if such it is to be called, began several years 
 after his own marriage. But, in feet, there is more of the conven 
 tional tone of amorous song than of real emotion in Surrey's 
 poetry. The 
 
 ' Easy sighs, such as men draw in love,' 
 
 are not like the deep sorrows of Petrarch or the fiery transports of 
 the Castilians." Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, ed. 1854, i. 426. 
 
 The passion, if such we are to call it, for " The Fair Ge 
 raldine" commenced in 1541, or six years after his marriage 
 to Lady Frances Vere. Geraldine, the daughter of Gerald 
 Fitzgerald, Earl of Kildare, (most probably the Lady Eliza 
 beth,) was born in 1528. She became the third wife of 
 Edward Clinton, Earl of Lincoln. Those who desire to 
 enter more deeply into this subject and the details of our 
 noble author's life, and the characteristics of his poetry, 
 will find ample materials for their investigations in the 
 authorities cited in the course of this article. 1. The Songes 
 and Sonnettes of Henry, Earle of Surrey, and others, (Sir 
 Thomas Wyatt, Ac.,) were printed (1st edit.) by R. Tottel, 
 Lon., 1557, 16mo, and sm. 4to. Other edits. 2. Songs and 
 Sonnets, 1565, 16mo. 3. Songs and Sonnettes, 1567. Con 
 sidered the most correct of the early edits. 4. 1569. 5. 
 1574. 6. Songes and Sonets, by Surrey and others, 1585, 
 16mo. 7. Poems, 1587, 16mo. 8. Poems of Surrey, Wiat, 
 and others, with Memoirs of his Life and Writings, 1717, 
 8vo. Dr. Sewell, the editor and biographer, did not under 
 stand the language of his author, and has therefore been 
 led into numerous errors. This edit, is therefore of Ho 
 value save as a warning to incompetent editors. 
 
 "One of the most slovenly and defective works that has ap 
 peared." PARK : Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry, ed. 1840, iii. 29. 
 
 9. Songes and Sonettes, 1717, 8vo. Incomplete; ending 
 with the Poems of Sir Thos. Wyatt 10. Poems, 1807, 2 
 vols. 8vo. Edited by Bishop Percy and George Steevens. 
 Nearly all destroyed by the fire at Nichols's printing-office. 
 11. The Works of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, and those 
 of Sir Thomas Wyatt the Elder, edited by Geo. Fred. Nott, 
 D.D., with a Preface, Memoirs of the Earl of Surrey, a 
 Dissert, on the State of Eng. Poetry before the 16th Cent.; 
 Collation of Surrey's and Douglas's Translations of the 
 ^neid, and Notes, with Memoirs of the Earl of North 
 ampton, an Appendix, a General Index, and Glossary, 
 1815-16, 2 vols. 4to, 7 7. A review of this valuable edit 
 will be found in Edin. Rev., xxvii. 390-422; and see Hal- 
 lam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, ed. 1854, i. 424-429. 12. Poems 
 of Surrey and Wyatt, with Original Memoirs by Sir N. 
 Harris Nicolas, 1831, 2 vols. cr. 8vo. The same in 2 vols. 
 fp. 8vo form vols. x. and xi. of Pickering's Aldine ed. of 
 the British Poets. 13. Surrey's Poems, with those of Minor 
 Contemporaries, 1854, 12mo. Some of Surrey's Poems, 
 omitted by Tottel, will be found at the end of Harrington's 
 Nugse Antiquae. His Poems have been reprinted in John 
 son's and Chalmers's English Poets. 14. The Fourth Boke 
 of Virgill, intreeting of the Love betwene JEneas and Dido ; 
 translated into English and drawn into a straunge Metre 
 by Henry, Earle of Surrey, sine anno, 4to. With the Se 
 cond Book, 1557, sm. 8vo. A copy is in the Dulwich Col 
 lege Library, one in the Library of Wadham College, Ox 
 ford, and another in the British Museum. Reprinted by 
 Baron Bolland, for the Roxburghe Club, 1814, 4to. The 
 "straunge metre" is nothing else than blank verse. 
 
 " This is the first composition in blank verse extant in the Eng 
 lish language. Nor has it merely the relative and accidental merit 
 of being a curiosity. It is executed with great fidelity, yet not 
 with a prosaic servility. The diction is often poetical, and the 
 
now 
 
 now 
 
 versification varied with proper pauses It seems probable that 
 
 his active situations of life prevented him from completing a de 
 sign of translating the whole ^Eneid." Warton's Hist, of Eng. 
 Poetry, ed. 1840, iii. 36. 
 
 " Surrey is the first who introduced blank verse into our Eng 
 lish poetry. . . . The translation by Surrey of the second book of 
 the JSneid, in blank verse, is among the chief of his productions. 
 No one had, before his time, known how to translate or imitate 
 with appropriate expression. But the structure of his verse is not 
 very harmonious, and the sense is rarely carried beyond the line. 
 If we could rely on a theory advanced and ably supported by his 
 editor. [Dr. Nott,] Surrey deserves the still more conspicuous praise 
 of having brought about a great revolution in our poetical num 
 bers." Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, ed. 1854, i. 427, q. v. 
 
 And see our life of NICHOLAS GRIMBOLD, in this Dic 
 tionary, p. 743 ; and authorities cited in the course of this 
 article. To refer to these authorities is the more necessary 
 from the fact that our narrow limits warn us that ice must 
 not linger on so tempting a theme. But a few lines of 
 quotation of opinions respecting the illustrious subject of 
 our notice we are not willing to dispense with. 
 
 We should not omit to record the fact that Surrey's 
 translations of some of the Psalms and of Ecclesiastes into 
 English verse, and a few additional original poems, were 
 printed by Dr. Percy, but destroyed in the fire at Nichols's 
 office, Feb. 1808. Surrey was the author of many other 
 English poetical compositions, never pub., several of which 
 are now lost. 
 
 "John Clerc has mentioned, with the highest commendations, 
 many translations done by Surrey from the Latin, Italian, French, 
 and Spanish languages. But these, it is probable, were nothing 
 more than juvenile exercises." See Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry, 
 ed. 1840. 
 
 " We now emerge from the twilight of learning to an almost 
 classic author, that ornament of a boisterous yet not unpolished 
 court, the Earl of Surrey, celebrated by Dray ton, Dryden, Fenton, 
 and Pope, illustrated by his own muse, and lamented for his un 
 happy and unmerited death; 'a man,' as Sir Walter Raleigh says, 
 no less valiant than learned, and of excellent hopes. ; " HORACE 
 WALPOLE: Park's ed., 1806, i. 255. 
 
 To the eulogists of Surrey, Park adds the names of Le- 
 land, Ascham, Tuberville, Churchyard, Sir Philip Sidney, 
 Webbe, Puttenham, Meres, Harvey, Whitney, Drayton, 
 Bolton, Peacham, Dryden, Lodge, Brydges, Ellis, Ander 
 son, Warton, and Henry. The list could be enlarged if it 
 vrere requisite. 
 
 " The character of Henry, Earl of Surrey, reflects splendour even 
 
 upon the name of Howard He revived, in an age too rude to 
 
 enjoy fully those beauties which mere nature, could not but in 
 some degree relish, the force of expression, the polished style, and 
 the passionate sentiments, of the best poets of antiquity." LODGE : 
 Biog. Accounts of the Holbein Portraits. 
 
 " Surrey, for his justness of thought, correctness of style, and 
 purity of expression, may justly be pronounced the first English 
 classical poet. He unquestionably is the first polite writer of love- 
 verses in our language. It must, however, be allowed that there 
 is a striking native beauty in some of our love-verses written much 
 earlier than Surrey's. But in the most savage age and countries 
 rude nature has taught elegance to the lover. . . . Surrey's talents, 
 which are commonly supposed to have been confined to sentiment 
 and amorous lamentation, were adapted to descriptive poetry and 
 the representations of rural imagery Surrey is said, by the in 
 genious author [editor] of the MUSES' LIBRARY, to have been the 
 first who broke through the fashion of stanzas and wrote in the 
 heroic couplet. But all Surrey's poems are in the alternate rhyme; 
 nor, had this been true, is the other position to be granted. Chau 
 cer's Prologues and most of the Canterbury Tales are written in 
 long verse: nor was the use of the couplet resumed till late in the 
 
 reign of Elizabeth In the sonnets of Surrey we are surprised 
 
 to find nothing of that metaphysical cast which marks the Italian 
 poets, his supposed masters, especially Petrarch. Surrey's senti 
 ments are for the most part natural and unaffected; arising from 
 his own feelings, and dictated by the present circumstances. His 
 poetry is alike unembarrassed by learned allusions or elaborate con 
 ceits. If our author copies Petrarch, it is Petrarch's better man 
 ner: when he descends from his Platonic abstractions, his refine 
 ments of passion, his exaggerated compliments, and his play upon 
 opposite sentiments, into a track of tenderness, simplicity, and 
 nature. Petrarch would have been a better poet had he been a 
 worse scholar. Our author's mind was not too much overlaid by 
 learning, Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry, ed. 1840, iii. 29, 30, 35, 
 
 Dr. Nott's comparison between Wyatt and Surrey, in the 
 Dissertation prefixed to the 2d vol. of his ed. of Wyatt and 
 Surrey, (vide ante,) is well worth perusal, but the work of 
 which it forms a portion can rarely be had. The reader 
 however, will find an extract from this Dissertation in 
 Hallam s Lit Hist, of Europe, ed. 1854, i. 425-426. The 
 last-named eminent authority remarks of Surrey 
 
 "The taste of this accomplished man is more striking than his 
 poetical genius. He did much for his own country and his native 
 language. The versification of Surrey differs very considerably 
 from that of his predecessors. He introduced, as Dr Nott savs a 
 sort of involution into his style, which gives an air of dSty 
 and remoteness from common life. It was, in fact, borrowed from 
 the license of Italian poetry, which our own idiom has rejected 
 He avoids pedantic words forcibly obtruded from the Latin of 
 which our earlier poets, both English and Scots, had been ridicu 
 lously fond. The absurd epithets of Hoccleve, Lydgate, Dunbar 
 
 and Douglas, are applied equally to the most different things, so 
 as to show that they annexed no meaning to them. Surrey rarely 
 lays an unnatural stress on final syllables, merely as such, which 
 they would not receive in ordinary pronunciation ; another usual 
 trick of the school of Chaucer. His words are well chosen and 
 well arranged." Uii supra, i. 426-427. 
 
 The influence of Surrey and Wyatt's poetry upon tho 
 taste of his age was by no means so extensive as we might 
 reasonably imagine it would have been : 
 
 "The graces of the Italian muse, which had been taught by 
 Surrey and Wyatt, were confined to a few. . . . Although Lord 
 Surrey and some others had so far deviated from the dulness of 
 the times as to copy the Italian poets, the same taste does not 
 seem to have uniformly influenced all the nobility of the court 
 of King Henry the Eighth who were fond of writing verses." 
 Warton's Hitt. of Eng. Po>lry, ed. 1840, iii. 72, 83-84, q. v., with 
 the authors referred to in the text and notes. 
 
 See also, in addition to the authorities cited above, 
 Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. i. 154-161; Dibdin's Lib. 
 Comp., ed. 1825, 689-692 ; Campbell's Specimens of the 
 British Poets; Headley's Select Beauties of the Ancient 
 Eng. Poets, 1810, i. Iv. ; Drake's Shakspeare and his 
 Times ; Johnson's and Chalmers's Eng. Poets ; Chalmers's 
 Biog. Diet.; Edin. Rev., xlii. 49; Lon. Month. Rev., 
 Ixxxiii. 43, 102; Dubl. Univ. Mag., xvi. 573-589; Lon. 
 Gent. Mag., January, 1759. 
 
 Howard, Henry, Earl of Northampton, 1539P-1614, 
 second son of the preceding, was most unworthy of his 
 illustrious parentage; in proof of which it is enough to 
 mention his complicity with the infamous match of his 
 great-niece, the Countess of Essex, with Carr, Viscount 
 Rochester, and his share in the murder of Sir Thomas 
 Overbury. He was educated at King's College and at 
 Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where, says Bishop Godwin, he 
 was esteemed " the learnedest amongst the nobility, and 
 the most noble amongst the learned." Of his "learning" 
 there seems to be but little doubt : his " nobility," how 
 ever, cannot be .so readily allowed. He left in MS., An 
 Apology for the Government of Woman, Forms of Prayer, 
 Ac., and pub. the following very curious work : A Defensa- 
 tive against the Poyson of supposed Prophecies, Lon., 
 1583, 4to; 1620, fol. Of this vol., dedicated to Sir Francis 
 Walsingham, which principally relates to expositions of 
 Judicial Astrology, Dreams, Oracles, Conferences with 
 Familiars or Damned Spirits, <fcc., a copious analysis 
 will be found in Oldys's British Librarian, 331-343. See 
 also Censura Literaria; Park's Walpole's R. and N, Au 
 thors ; Lloyd's Worthies. 
 
 Howard, Henry. Cookery, Lon., 1710, '26, 8vo. 
 
 Howard, Henry. Dirge, <fcc., Lon., 1762, 4to. 
 
 Howard, Henry, 1757-1842, a descendant of Henry 
 Howard, the illustrious Earl of Surrey, (vide ante,) was a 
 son of Philip Howard, of Corby Castle, (vide post.) He 
 assisted in the preparation of several valuable works, and 
 pub. himself 1. Antiquarian papers in ArchseoL, 1800, 
 '03; 2. A Drill of Light Infantry, <fcc., 1805, 8vo; 3. Er 
 roneous Opinions commonly entertained respecting the 
 Catholic Religion, 1826; several edits.; 4. Indication of 
 Memorials, Ac. of the Howard Family, 1834, fol. Re 
 specting the last-named work, see Martin's Bibl. Cat. of 
 Privately-Printed Books, ed. 1854, p. 449. A biogra 
 phical notice of Mr. Howard, and an account of his 
 literary labours, will be found in Lon. Gent. Mag., April, 
 1842. 
 
 11 o ward, Henry, a distinguished artist of the Royal 
 Academy. Lects. on Painting, delivered at the Royal 
 Academy, with a Memoir, by his son, Frank Howard, 
 Lon., 1848, p. 8vo. See Blackw. Mag., xiv. 10; xli. 193; 
 xlii. 338; xlvi. 305, 315; xlviii. 378. 
 
 Howard, Hon. Henry E. J., D.D., Dean of Lich- 
 field. 1. Old Test. History, Lon., 1840, 12mo; 2d ed., 
 1851, 12nio. 2. New Test, History, 1841, 12mo. These 
 works are composed of Familiar Lectures. 3. The Book of 
 Genesis, according to the version of the LXX. Trans, 
 into English, with Notices of its Omissions and Insertions, 
 and with Notes on the Passages in which it differs from 
 our Authorized Version, Cambridge, 1856, cr. Svo. 
 
 " We recommend to all who would enter successfully on the 
 cultivation of the Sacred Literature of the Old Testament, to 
 begin with this volume, and they will find their knowledge of 
 both the Hebrew and Greek Scripture greatly increased as they 
 follow the guide thus prepared for them." Lon. Journal of 
 Sacred Literature. 
 
 Howard, J. B. Ways and Means; or, Every Man 
 his own Financier, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Howard, J. H. 1. Laws of the Brit. Colonies, Ac. 
 rel. to Real and Personal Property, <fcc., Lon., 1827, 2 vols. 
 Svo. 2. Duties of Solicitors in Sales by Auction, <fec., 
 1827, 8vo. 
 
 Howard, Jacob M. Trans, from the French of 
 
HOW 
 
 Mile. M. A. Le Normand's Historical and Secret Memoirs 
 of the Empress Josephine, Phila., 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Howard, Hon. James, youngest son of Thomas, 
 Earl of Berkshire, and brother of Sir Robert Howard, 
 the author, and of Lady Elizabeth Howard, wife of John 
 Dryden. 1. All Mistaken, or The Mad Couple ; Com., 
 Lon., 1672, 4to. 2. The English Monsieur ; Com., 1674, 4to. 
 
 " Represented with success, and held in esteem in their time." 
 Biog. Dramat. 
 
 3. Romeo and Juliet ; Trag. ; altered from Shakspeare. 
 Not printed. See Biog. Dramat. ; Downes's Roscius 
 Anglicanus, p. 22. 
 
 Howard, John, Rector of Marston Trussel, North 
 ampton, <fec., pub. a number of serms., 1693-1728. 
 
 Howard, John, 1726-1790, the eminent philanthro 
 pist, whose name will in all ages be held in reverent 
 esteem, was a native of Hackney, London, the son of a 
 wealthy tradesman, and the inheritor of a large fortune. 
 In 1777 he visited every prison in the United Kingdom, 
 and pub. the results of his investigations in the same 
 year, in a vol. entitled The State of the Prisons in Eng 
 land and Wales, &c., Warrington, 4to. Appendix, 1780, 
 4to; 2d ed. of the whole, 1780, 8vo; 3d ed., 1784, 4to; 
 4th ed., 1786, 4to; Lon., 1792, 4to. In 1780 he pub. a 
 trans, of a French Account of the Bastile; and in 1789 
 the Duke of Tuscany 's New Code of Civil Law, with an 
 English trans. The deplorable condition of the prisons 
 at home excited a determination to visit those of foreign 
 countries, with the hope of benefit to the miserable in 
 mates ; and faithfully did this good man carry out his 
 praiseworthy enterprise. A detail of his labours does 
 not, of course, enter into the plan of a work of this cha 
 racter ; but it is only proper that we should direct the 
 reader to. the best sources of information respecting a 
 philanthropist whose praise was in every one's mouth, 
 from the rough benediction of the illiterate convict to the 
 splendid eulogy of the greatest orator of modern Europe. 
 He died at Kherson, South Russia, January 20, 1790, of 
 a malignant fever, caught during a visit to a young lady 
 for whom the benefit of his counsel had been invoked. 
 He was buried with distinguished honours by the Russian 
 authorities, and his death excited a profound sensation 
 throughout the civilized world. A monumental statue to 
 his memory, by Bacon, was erected in St. Paul's Cathedral. 
 
 Howard pub. in 1789, 4to, (2d ed., 1791, 4to;) An Account 
 of the principal Lazarettos in Europe, with various Papers 
 relative to the Plague, <fcc. ; and contributed a paper on 
 the Heat of the Waters at Bath to Phil. Trans., 1767, and 
 another on the Heat of the Ground on Mt. Vesuvius, to 
 Phil. Trans., 1771. See A View of the Character, <fcc. of 
 Howard, by John Aikin, M.D., 1792, 8vo; Howard and 
 the Prison-World of Europe, by Wm. Hepworth Dixon, 
 
 1849, 12mo ; 5th ed., 1854, fp. 8vo ; Memoirs of Howard, 
 by Thos. Taylor, 2d ed., 12mo; Memoirs of Howard, by 
 J. B. Brown, 1845, 8vo ; Life of Howard, by John Field, 
 
 1850, 8vo ; Correspondence of Howard, by the same, 
 1855, fp. 8vo; Howard and Napoleon Contrasted, 1840, 
 12mo; Foster's Essays; Works of Robert Hall; Works 
 of Edmund Burke ; Edin. Month. Rev., i. 95 ; Lon. Month. 
 Rev., cv. 422 ; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxvi. 541 ; Blackw. 
 Mag., xxxiv. 35 ; Ixvii. 50 ; Bost. Living Age, (from the 
 Lon. Spectator,) xxiii. 171 ; do., (from Eraser's Mag.,) 
 xxv. 369 ; New Haven Chris. Quar. Spec., (by R. Robbins,) 
 iii. 393 ; Amer. Month. Rev., iv. 255 ; New Eng. Mag., v. 
 332. We need hardly remark, in conclusion, that the in 
 fluence of Christianity was the great moving-power which 
 sent John Howard from the pleasant home and lovely 
 scenery in which he so greatly delighted to visit the cheer 
 less cells of the miserable, the neglected, and the forsaken 
 of earth. The barren creed of infidelity enforces no such 
 duties, seeks no such honours, and submits to no such 
 sacrifices. Yet this Apostle of Humanity understood too 
 well the spirit of the Gospel of Christ to suppose that 
 even his labours abundant and self-sacrificing as they 
 were could do aught to procure remission of sin or pur 
 chase acceptance with his Maker : 
 
 " My immortal spirit," says he, "I cast on the sovereign mercy 
 of God, through Jesus Christ, who is the Lord, my strength and 
 my song, and, I trust, has become my salvation. My desire is to 
 be washed and cleansed, and justified, in the blood of Christ, and 
 to dedicate myself to that Saviour who has bought us with a 
 price." 
 
 We have had occasion to record in this volume memo 
 rials of many of the mighty, many of the noble, of the 
 illustrious name of HOWARD ; but this one " excelleth them 
 all." 
 
 Howard, John. Medical treatises, Lon., 1782-1811. 
 
 Howard, John. Geometry, Lon., 1798, 8vo. 
 
 HOW 
 
 Howard, John Jarrard, surgeon. Ovid's Meta 
 morphoses, trans, into Blank Verse, Lon., 1807, 2 vols. 
 
 Howard, John Owen. Clara; a Poem, Dubl., 
 1816. 
 
 Howard, John Walter. The Alarm Sounded ; or, 
 An Alarm to the Protestants of G. Britain, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Howard, Leonard, D.D., Rector of St. George's, 
 Southwark,' London, d. 1767, pub. a number of Serms., 
 1736-61, and A Collection of Letters and State Papers, 
 Lon., 1753-56, 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 " Notwithstanding the trash which fills a large portion of its 
 pages, several articles of a redeeming character will be found ; 
 and a few of them do not yield in interest to many which occur 
 in far more popular Collections." Lon. Retrosp. Rev., N. S., 1- 
 16, 1827. 
 
 Howard, Luke, pub. an Essay on Clouds, Lon., 
 1802, 8vo, and other works on Meteorology, Ac., 1842, 
 Ac. 
 
 Howard, Nathan, Jr., b. 1808, in Stephentown, N. 
 York. 1. N. York Supreme Ct. Spec. Term Reports, Al 
 bany, 1845-55, 10 vols. 8vo. Issued in monthly nos. of 
 96 pp. each ; 6 nos. comprising a vol. 2. Cases of Points, 
 &c. in the Ct. of Appeals of N. York, vol. i., 1855, 8vo. 
 
 Howard, Nathaniel. 1. Bickleigh Vale ; with other 
 Poems, 1804, 8vo. 2. Trans, of the Inferno of Dante 
 into Eng. Blank Verse, 1807, 12mo. 3. Eng. and Greek 
 Vocabulary for the Young, 1808, 12mo. Since reprinted. 
 Other Greek and Latin educational works. 
 
 Howard, Philip, of Corby Castle, d. 1810, a de 
 scendant of the illustrious Henry Howard, Earl of Sur 
 rey, was the father of Henry Howard, author of The 
 Memorials, &c. of the Howard Family, (vide ante.) The 
 Scriptural Hist, of the Earth and of Mankind, <fcc., Lon., 
 1797, 4to. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 722; Lon. Gent 
 Mag., April, 1842. 
 
 Howard, Sir Robert, M.P., 1626-1698, a younger 
 son of Thomas, Earl of Berkshire, and brother of Edward 
 Howard and James Howard, (ante,) educated at Magda 
 lene College, Cambridge, was a warm adherent of Charles 
 L, and at the Restoration was rewarded for his services 
 by being knighted and made Auditor of the Exchequer. 
 He was so noted for his dogmatism that Shadwell, the 
 poet, ridiculed him, in his comedy of The Sullen Lovers, 
 under the character of Sir Positive At-all. As an author 
 he is not entitled to much consideration. 1. The Fourth 
 Book of Virgil, trans., 1660, 8vo. 2. Poems, 1660, 8vo. 
 Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 374, 1 10*. 3. Statius's Achilles, 
 trans., 1660, 8vo. 4. Four New Playes, 1665, fol. 5. The 
 Great Favourite, or The Duke of Lerma; Trag., 1668, 
 4to. 6. The Duels of the Stags ; a Poem, 1668. 7. Hist 
 Observ. upon the Reigns of Edward L, II., III., and 
 Richard II., Ac., 1689, 12mo. 8. Hist of the Reigns of 
 Edward and Richard II., 1690, 8vo. 9. Letter to Mr. 
 Saml. Johnson, 1692, 8vo. 10. Five New Plays, 1692, 
 fol. 11. Hist of Religion, 1694, 1709, 8vo. 12. Poems 
 and Plays. 13. Dramatic Works, 1722, 12mo. Sir Robert's 
 most popular plays were The Indian Queen, 1665, fol., 
 and The Committee, 1665, fol. See the list of his seven 
 plays in Biog. Dramat Sir Robert ventured to criticize 
 some positions respecting rhyme in his brother-in-law 
 John Dryden's Essay on Dramatic Poesy. To these 
 observations the latter replied in a tone of much acri 
 mony. See Hallam's Lit. Hist of Europe, ed. 1854, 
 iii. 556. 
 
 " The poetry of the Berkshire Howards was the jest of three 
 generations of satirists. The mirth began with the first repre 
 sentation of The Rehearsal, and continued down to the last edi 
 tion of the Dunciad/' T. B. Macaulay's Hist, of Eng., vol. iii., 
 1856. 
 
 See HOWARD, HON. EDWARD, in this Dictionary. See 
 also Gibber's Lives; Nichols's Poems; Ellis's Specimens; 
 Malone's Dryden ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet ; Darling's 
 Cyc. Bibl., i. 1559. 
 
 Howard, Robert, d. about 1740, Bishop of Killala, 
 1726, trans, to Elphin, 1729. Serm., Dubl., 1738, 4to. 
 
 Howard, Robert, M.D. 1. Revelations of Egyptian 
 Mysteries, Lon., 1850, 8vo. 2. Salt the Forbidden Fruit 
 or Food; 4th ed., 1851, p. 8vo. 3. Saturnian Religion the 
 Shield of Health, 1851, p. 8vo. 4. Burning of the World, 
 and the New Earth, 1853, 8vo. 
 
 Howard, Samuel, Mus. Doc., d. about 1783, a mu 
 sical composer, the author of many popular ballads, 
 began to flourish about 1740; and, from that time till 
 Arne's Vauxhall songs were pub. under the title of Lyric 
 Harmony, Howard's pieces 
 
 'Were the most natural and pleasing which England could 
 
 st." See Burney's Hist, of Music. 
 
 Howard, Sarah. Female Education, 1783, 12mo. 
 Howard, Simeon, D.D., 1733-1804, a minister of 
 
 901 
 
HOW 
 
 HOW 
 
 Boston, Mass., graduated at Harvard College, 1783, pub. 
 six serms., 1773, '77, '78, '79, '80, '81. 
 
 Howard, Sylvanns, of the Middle Temple. Every 
 Tradesman his own Lawyer, Lon., 1794, 8vo. 
 
 Howard, Thomas, Earl of Arundel. 1. Journal of 
 his Embassy to the Emperor Ferdinand II., Lon., 1637, 
 4to. 2. True Relation of the Remarkable Places and 
 Passages observed in his Travels when Ambassador, 1637, 
 4to. 3. Relation of his Voyage on his Embassy to the 
 Emperor of Morocco, 1670, 4to. 
 
 Howard, V. E. 1. Mississippi Law Reports, 1834- 
 44, Phila., Ac., 1839-44, 7 vols. 8vo. 2. In conjunction 
 with A. Hutchinson, Statute Laws of Mississippi, 1840, 8vo. 
 
 Howard, W. W., late Prof, of Ancient and Modern 
 Languages in the Western Military Institute, Kentucky. 
 Aids to French Composition, N. York, 1854, 12mo. 
 
 Howard, William. Chronicon ex Chronicis, ab 
 initio Mundi, vsque ad annum Domini 1118, deductvm 
 Auctore Florentio Wigorniense. Accessit etiam continu- 
 atio vsque ad annum Christi 1141, per quendain eiusdem 
 coenobij eruditum : uunquam antehac in lucem editum, 
 Lon., 1592, 4to. 
 
 Howard, William. Christian Loyalty, Lon., 1634, 
 4to. 
 
 Howarth, Henry, Rector of St. George's, Hanover 
 Square, London. 1. Four Serms. on the Moral Laws of 
 Moses, Camb., 1833, Svo. 2. Serms. at the Hulsean Lect., 
 1835 and 1836, 2 vols. 12mo, 1836. 3. Serms. on the 
 Liturgy as it is ; 2d ed., 1847, fp. Svo. 4. Serm. before the 
 Sons of the Clergy, 1847, Svo. 
 
 Howe, Charles, 1661-1745, a native of Gloucester 
 shire, of an ancient family, a diplomatist under James II. 
 Devout Meditations, Svo. Anon. 2d ed., Edin., 1752, 
 12mo, with the author's name. Often reprinted. An ed. 
 appeared in London in 1824. 
 
 " An exquisite little work." BISHOP JEBB. 
 
 " The book of Meditations I have read, and more than once; 
 and I shall never lay it far out of my reach : for a greater de 
 monstration of a sound head and sincere heart I never saw." 
 Dr. Edward Young, the poet, to Archibald MacAulay, Jan. 19, 
 1752* 
 
 " 'Tis too sure, that in this age of variety, of self-flying engage 
 ments, there are not many to be found who have a relish for such 
 sublime and spiritual enjoyment as these Meditations are capable 
 of affording." Bishop Hildesley to Miss Jthells, 13 Dec. 1754. 
 
 See Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. Ixiv. Pt. 2, 595, 700; But 
 ler's Life of Bp. Hildesley, 363. 
 
 Howe, Klias, Jr., of Boston, has pub. about twenty 
 popular musical educational works. 
 
 Howe, Fisher, b. 1798, at Rochester, New Hamp 
 shire. Oriental and Sacred Scenes ; from Notes of Travel 
 in Greece, Turkey, and Palestine, N. York, 1854, 12mo, pp. 
 408, with Maps and Col'd Engravings, Lon., 1854, fp. Svo. 
 
 Howe, H. D. Clara Evesham; or, The Life of a 
 School-Girl, Lon., 1850, ISino. 
 
 Howe, Dr. H. The Old Missionary-Box, Lon., 1855. 
 
 Howe, Henry, b. 1816, at New Haven, Conn., son 
 of Hezekiah Howe, a well-known publisher. 1. Memoir 
 of Eminent Mechanics, N. York, 1839, 12mo. 2. In con 
 junction with John W. Barber, of New Haven, Historical 
 Collections of New York, N. Haven, 1841, Svo. 3. Also 
 in conjunction with J. W. B., Hist. Collec. of N. Jersey, 
 1844, 8vo. 4. Hist. Collec. of Virginia, Charleston, 1844, 
 Svo; 1856, Svo. 5. Hist. Collec. of Ohio, 1847, Svo ; 
 1849, 8vo. 6. The Great West, 1851. 7. Travels and 
 Adventures of Celebrated Travellers,1853. 
 
 Howe, James. Leasing Lands, Lon., 1813, Svo. 
 
 Howe, John, 1630-1705, an eminent Non-conformist 
 divine, son of the minister of Loughborough, Leicester 
 shire, was educated at Christ Coll., Cambridge, became 
 Fellow of Magdalene Coll., Oxf., subsequently minister 
 ot Great Torrington, Devonshire, and domestic chaplain 
 to Oliver Cromwell, and afterwards to Richard Cromwell: 
 ejected for Non-conformity, 1662; chaplain to Lord Mas- 
 sarene, in Ireland, where he was permitted to preach, 
 1671 to 1675; chosen minister of the late Dr. Lazarus 
 Seaman s congregation in London, 1675; visited the Con- 
 * in ?2L rd Wharton in 1685; returned to London 
 in 1687 ; and continued to labour among his old con 
 gregation until his death, which occurred April 2, 1705 
 He was a man of profound learning, eminent piety, and i 
 unwearied zeal. He was the author of many sermons and 
 theological treatises, which have always been held in the 
 highest estimation. A collective edit, of the works which I 
 he pub. in his lifetime, accompanied by a Life of the i 
 author by Dr. Edmund Calamy, appeared in 1724 2 vols 
 fol.; repub. in 1848,3 vols. Svo, 1 7*., edited by Rev! 
 J. P. Hewlett Two vols. of Serins, were pub. in 1744 
 
 2 vols. Svo. Howe's Whole Works, edited by Rev. John 
 Hunt, of Chichester, were pub. in 1810-22, 8 vols. r. Svo. 
 This ed. contains I. vols. i.-iv., the contents of the 2 fol. 
 vols. of 1724; II. vols. v.-vi., his Posthumous Works, 
 being 78 Serms. and a portion of Pt. 1 of the Principles 
 of the Oracles of God; III. vols. vii.-viii., new matter 
 never before pub. This ed. was pub. at 3 3*. ; large 
 paper, r. 8vo, 4 4s. Contents, with the Life by Calamy, 
 repub., 1832, imp. Svo, pp. 1278, 2 2s. ; again in 1838, 
 imp. Svo, 1 10s. A new ed., to be comprised in 9 vols. 
 Svo, has been recently (in May, 1856) announced as in 
 preparation by Messrs. Johnstone and Hunter, of Edin 
 burgh. There have also been new edits, of separate trea 
 tises of this author, edited by Noel Gordon, &c. ; a Selec 
 tion from his Works and Sketch of his Life, by Rev. W. 
 Wilson, D.D., 1827, 2 vols. 18mo; Select Treatises, with 
 a Memoir by Thos. Taylor, 1835, 12mo; a selection en 
 titled Christian Theology, by John Howe, selected and 
 systematically arranged, with a Life, by Samuel Dunn, 
 1836, 12mo; and a Life and Character of Howe, by H. 
 Rogers. Howe's best-known works are The Living Tem 
 ple; The Blessedness of the Righteous; Of Delighting 
 in God ; The Redeemer's Tears ; Enmity and Reconcilia 
 tion ; The Redeemer's Dominion over the Invisible 
 World ; The Office and Work of the Holy Spirit ; God's 
 Prescience; The Vanity of this Mortal Life. There are but 
 few theological authors recorded in our Dictionary whose 
 writings have been so enthusiastically commended as 
 those of John Howe. 
 
 " He seems to have understood the gospel as well as any unin 
 spired writer, and to have imbibed as much of its spirit. There 
 is the truest sublime to be found in his writings, and some of the 
 strongest pathos ; yet, often obscure, generally harsh, he has imi 
 tated the worst parts of Boyle's style. He has a vast number 
 and variety of uncommon thoughts, and is, on the whole, one of 
 the most valuable writers in our language, or, I believe, in the 
 world." DR. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 " Possessed of the learning of Cudworth, the evangelical piety 
 of Owen, and the fervour of Baxter, with a mind of larger dimen 
 sions than what belonged to any of these distinguished indi 
 viduals, every thing which fell from his pen is worthy of immor 
 tality. He delights while he instructs, and impresses while he 
 enlightens. His Living Temple, The Blessedness of the Righteous, 
 Of Delighting in God, The Redeemer's Tears, are among the finest 
 productions of uninspired genius, and must be read with high 
 gratification by every Christian. His style is occasionally rugged 
 and inharmonious; but the sentiment will richly repay the trifling 
 annoyance of its harsh and involved structure." Orme'sBibl. Bib. 
 
 "For depth and originality of thought, John Howe has never 
 been surpassed by any theological writer whatever. His prin 
 ciples were strictly evangelical, and his spirit eminently catholic 
 and devout. His Living Temple, especially, is a masterpiece of 
 profound argumentation. . . . His best pieces are The Blessedness 
 of the Righteous, Delighting in God, Enmity and Reconciliation, 
 Redeemer's Tears, and Dominion. Some Funeral Sermons, and 
 part of his Living Temple, are most excellent." Dr. E. Williams i 
 C.P. 
 
 " Mr. Howe, nervous and majestic, with all the powers of ima 
 gery at his command." JAMES HERVEY. 
 
 " A very extraordinary, original, sublime, and splendid writer, 
 but sometimes obscure and heavy. Few writers will more 
 strengthen and enlarge the reader's mind ; but he is deficient iu 
 evangelical statement and simplicity." BickersteWs C. S. 
 
 "Perhaps it may be considered as no unfair test of intellectual 
 and spiritual excellence that a person can relish the writings of 
 John Howe: if he does not, he may have reason to suspect that 
 something in the head or heart is wrong. A young minister who 
 wishes to attain eminence in his profession, if he has not the 
 works of John Howe, and can procure them in no other way, 
 should sell his coat and buy them; and, if that will not suffice, 
 let him sell his bed and lie on the floor; and if he spend his days 
 in reading them he will not complain that he lies hard at night. 
 .... The Blessedness of the Righteous is a first-rate perform 
 ance, and contains a vast extent of thought, of learning but 
 especially of piety. ... A Treatise of Delighting in God is one of 
 the finest pieces of practical theology to be found in the English 
 language." Bogue and Bennett's Hist, of Dissenters. 
 
 " One of the most learned and polite writers among the dis 
 senters. His reading in divinity was very extensive: he was a 
 good rientalist, and understood several of the modern languages. 
 .... His Blessedness of the Righteous was the most generally- 
 esteemed of his performances. He was an admired preacher, but 
 was sometimes too profound for ordinary capacities. There is an 
 uncommon depth of thought in several of his works." Granger's 
 Biog. Hist, of Eng. 
 
 " None can peruse his writings without feeling that his mind 
 was habitually filled with the contemplation of that peculiar but 
 truly divine character, that comprehensiveness and all-pervading 
 excellence, the ultimate development of which, in those who 
 embrace Christianity, is the design of the mysteries it reveals, 
 and of all the powerful motives by which it prompts to action." 
 Rogers' s Life of Howe. 
 
 " Nothing in the language can equal, as a whole, Howe's Living 
 Temple; but his Blessedness of the Righteous is one of my 
 favourite pieces. I read it again and again with renewed interest 
 and delight." WILLIAM JAY. 
 
 See Genl. Diet.; Biog. Brit.; Lives of Howe noticed 
 above; Birch's Tillotson; Wilson's Hist, of Dissenting 
 Churches; Lon. Quar. Rev., (by Robert Southey,) x. 113- 
 
HOW 
 
 HOW 
 
 115 ; Eclcc. Rev., 4th Ser., xxiv. 385 ; N.York Lit. and Theo. 
 Rev., iv. 538; Bost. Chris. Exam., (by J. Brazer,) xx. 191. 
 
 The critical opinion of Robert Hall is always too 
 valuable to be omitted where it can at all be crowded in; 
 and, though want of room prevents us from citing other 
 comments before us, the verdict of so eminent an autho 
 rity must not be denied. It occurs in the memoranda 
 of a conversation between Mr. Hall and the Rev. Robert 
 Balmer, of Berwick -upon-Tweed : 
 
 " B. ' May I ask, sir, what writers you would most recommend 
 to a young minister?' II. '"Why, sir, I feel very incompetent to 
 give directions on that head: I can only say that I have learned 
 far more from John Howe than from any other author I ever read. 
 There is an astonishing magnificence in his conceptions. He had 
 not the same perception of the beautiful as of the sublime; and 
 hence his endless subdivisions.' B. ' That was the fault of his 
 age.' H. 'In part, sir; but he has more of it than many of the 
 writers of that period ; than Barrow, for example, who was some 
 what earlier. There was, I think, an innate inaptitude in Howe's 
 mind for discerning minute graces and proprieties, and hence his 
 sentences are often long and cumbersome. Still, he was unques 
 tionably the greatest of the Puritan divines.' 
 
 "After adverting to several of Howe's works, Mr. H. said, in 
 reference to his Blessedness of the Righteous, ' Perhaps Baxter's 
 Saint's Rest is fitted to make a deeper impression on the majority 
 of readers. Baxter enforces a particular idea with extraordinary 
 clearness, force, and earnestness. His appeals to the conscience 
 are irresistible. Howe, again, is distinguished by calmness, self- 
 possession, majesty, and comprehensiveness; and for my own part, 
 I decidedly prefer him to Baxter. I admire, exceedingly, his Liv 
 ing Temple, bis sermon on the Redeemer's Tears, &c. ; but, in my 
 opinion, the best thing he ever wrote is his defence of the sincerity 
 of the Gospel offer. I refer to the treatise called the Reconcilable- 
 ness of God's Prescience of the Sins of Men with [the Wisdom and 
 Sincerity of] his Counsels, Exhortations, and whatever other 
 [whatsoever] Means he uses to prevent them. This I regard as the 
 most profound, the most philosophical, and the most valuable of 
 all Howe's writings.' "Hall's Works, ed. Lon., 1853 : Memoir, vi.120. 
 
 Howe, John, M.P., d. 1721, a relation of Charles 
 Howe, (ante,) and a statesman of note, was the author of 
 A Panegyric on King William, and of several songs and 
 little poems. He is introduced in Swift's ballad On The 
 Game of Traffic. See Nichols's Poems; Collins's Peerage. 
 
 Howe, Joseph, a lineal descendant of the celebrated 
 Puritan divine, John Howe, editor of The Nova-Scotian, 
 1828-40, and Secretary of State of Nova Scotia, 1848-54. 
 The Speeches and Public Letters of the Hon. Joseph Howe ; 
 edited by William Annand, M.P.P., Bost., 1858, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Howe, Josiah, d. 1701, a divine and poet, Fellow of 
 Trin. Coll., Oxf., preached in 1644 a sermon before Charles 
 I., of which thirty copies were printed in red letters. A 
 copy, the only one known, is in the Bodleian Library. 
 He was the author of a set of recommendatory English 
 verses prefixed to the folio edit, of Beaumont and Fletcher; 
 of another before Randolph's Poems, 1640; of another 
 before Cartwright's Comedies and Poems, 1651. 
 
 " These pieces," says Warton, " which are in the witty epigram 
 matic style that then prevailed, have uncommon acuteness, and 
 highly deserve to be revived." 
 
 See Athen. Oxon. ; Warton's Life of Sir Thomas Pope, 
 (Preface;) and Warton's Life of Bathurst, pp. 154, 211. 
 
 Howe, Mrs. Julia Ward, b. 1819, a daughter of Mr. 
 Samuel Ward, of New York, married, in 1843, to Samuel G. 
 Howe, M.D., a well-known philanthropist of Boston, pub. 
 in 1854 (Boston, 16mo) a vol. of poetry entitled Passion 
 Flowers. Mrs. Howe's poems have elicited enthusiastic 
 commendation. See Griswold's Female Poets of America; 
 Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.; Read's Female Poets, of 
 America; Southern Quar. Rev., July, 1854. This lady is 
 a daughter of the late Mrs. Julia Rush Ward, of whom a 
 notice will be found in a later page of this volume. 
 
 2. Words for the Hour, Boston, 1856, 16rno. 3. The 
 World's Own, Boston, 1857, 16mo. 4. Hippolytus; a 
 Tragedy, 1858. 
 
 Howe, Nathaniel, 1764-1837, pastor of the Congre 
 gational Church in Hopkinton, Mass., pub. some serms., Ac. 
 See an article (by W. Tudor) in N. Amer. Rev., iv. 93-97. 
 
 Howe, Obadiah, D.D., d. 1682, Vicar of Boston, 
 Lincolnshire. 1. The Universalist Examined and Criticized, 
 Lon., 1648, 4 to. 2. Answer to J. Goodwin's Pagin's Debt 
 and Dowry, 1655. 3. Serin., 1664, 4to. 4. A Pattern for 
 Governours, 1735, 4to. 
 
 Howe, Richard, Viscount, 1725-1799, an English 
 Admiral, second son of Lord Viscount Howe, pub. A Nar 
 rative of the Transactions of the Fleet, Ac. in 1779. Sir 
 John Barrow pub. in 1838, 8vo, the Life of RICHARD, EARL 
 HOWE, q. v. And see a review of this work by Robert 
 Southey, in Lon. Quar. Rev., Ixii. 1; and another review, 
 in Dubl. Univ. Mag., xvii. 693 : see also Eclec. Rev., 4th 
 Ser., iii. 178; Blackw. Mag., xxi. 739; xxxiv. 4. 
 
 Howe, Samuel* Practice in Civil Actions and Pro 
 ceedings in Law in New Hampshire, Bost., 1834, 8vo. 
 
 Howe, Samuel G., M.D., an eminent philanthropist 
 of Boston. 1. Hist. Sketch of the Greek Revolution, N. 
 York, 1828, 8vo. 2. Reader for the Blind, printed in Raised 
 Characters, 1839. 3. Reports, Essays, Ac. on the educa 
 tion of the Blind, the Idiotic, and on other subjects. Dr. 
 Howe is well known as the successful instructor of Laura 
 Bridgman, the deaf, dumb, and blind girl. 
 
 Howe, T. H. Lessons on the Globes, and Key, Lon., 
 1842, '45, 12mo. 
 
 It appears to contain a great variety of problems and illustra 
 tions, and, I have no doubt, will prove useful to the youthful stu 
 dent." SIR JOHN F. W. HERSCHEL. 
 
 Howe, Thomas, a Dissenting minister, pub. serms. 
 and theolog. treatises, 1765-1805. 
 
 Howe, Sir William, d. 1814, a brother of Admiral 
 Howe, (ante,) was the successor of General Gage in the 
 ommand of the British forces in America, arriving in 
 Boston, May, 1775, with Burgoyne. He pub. a Narrative 
 relative to his command in N. America, Lon., 1780, 4to. 
 See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, vol. i., and works on this 
 subject there noticed; Blackw. Mag., xx. 202-203; and 
 the histories relative to the American Revolution. 
 
 Howel the Good, or Hyweldda, a legislator of 
 the 10th century, was the son and successor of Cadell, 
 King of all Wales. See the laws established by Howel, 
 founded on those of Dunwallo Molmutius, in Leges Wal- 
 licae Ecclesiasticae et Civiles, Hoeli Boni et aliorum Wal- 
 lige Principum, edit. Wotton, Lon., 1730, fol. 
 
 Howel, Laurence, d. 1720, a learned Non-juring 
 divine, educated at Jesus Coll., Camb., ordained by the 
 Non-juror, Bishop Hickes, in 1712, was imprisoned in 1717 
 for writing a pamphlet en titled (1.) The Case of Schism in 
 the Church of England truly stated, Lon., 1715, 8vo. Anon. 
 He died in Newgate, to the great disgrace of his perse 
 cutors. Howel was also the author of (2.) Synopsis Ca- 
 nonum S.S. Apostolorum et Conciliorum (Ecumenicorum 
 et Provincialium ab Ecclesia Graeca Receptorum, Ac., 
 1708, fol. Among other interesting matter in this volume 
 will be found the Modus tenendi Synodos in Anglia pri- 
 maeris temporibus. 3. Synopsis Canonum Ecclesiae, La- 
 tine, 1708, fol. ; 1710, fol. 4. View of the Pontificate to 
 1563; 2ded., 1712, 8vo. 
 " A very able attack on Popery," Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 5. Desiderius, or The Original Pilgrim; a Divine Dia 
 logue from the Spanish, 1717, 8vo. This is the original 
 of Bishop Patrick's parable of the Pilgrim, and of other 
 similar works. 6. A Complete Hist, of the Bible, 1725, 3 
 vols. 8vo; 1729, 3 vols. 8vo. Enlarged and improved by 
 the Rev. George Burder, 1806, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " So materially corrected and improved by Dr. Burder as almost 
 to form a new work." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 7. The Orthodox Communicant, 1721, 8vo. SeeLowndes's 
 Brit. Lib., 794-795 ; Darling's Cyc. Bibl., i. 1563 ; Nichols's 
 Lit. Anec. ; Athen. Oxon. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet., and 
 authorities there cited. 
 
 Howel, Thomas, M.D., of the E. I. Co. Journal of 
 the Passage from India, Ac., Lon., 1789, '90, 8vo. 
 
 Howell, Mrs. 1. Georgina; a Nov., Lon., 1796, 2 
 vols* 12mo. 2. Auzoletta Zadoskia; a Nov., 1796, 2 vols. 
 12mo. 3. The Spoiled Child; a Nov., 1797, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Howell, Caroline A. 1. Seed- Time and Harvest, 
 Lon. 2. The Gospel of Other Times, 1853, 18mo. 
 
 " A sound and eminently practical compression of a great sub 
 ject into a very small compass. We can heartily recommend it." 
 Bicker stetfi's Weekly Visitor. 
 
 Howell, Elizabeth, widow of Robert Howell, of 
 Philadelphia, and a native and resident of that city, better 
 known by her maiden name, Miss Lloyd, has gained con 
 siderable celebrity by her poem entitled Milton's Prayer 
 of Patience. These verses, originally pub. anonymously 
 in The Friends' Review for January, 1848, were subse 
 quently pub. as Milton's in an English edit, of his works. 
 They have frequently appeared in periodicals under the 
 title of Milton on his Loss of Sight It is hardly neces 
 sary to state that they possess an uncommon degree of 
 merit. They will be found in T. Buchanan Read's Female 
 Poets of America, 6th ed., Phila., 1855. Mrs. Howell also 
 contributed several poems to The Wheat Sheaf, a collec 
 tion of Prose and Poetry, Phila., 1852; 3d ed., 1857. 
 
 Howell, George. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1746. 
 
 Howell, James, 1594-1666, educated at, and Fellow 
 of, Jesus College, Oxford, was the son of Thomas Hall, 
 minister of Abernant, in Caermarthenshire. From 1619 
 he travelled in Holland, Flanders, Spain, France, and 
 Italy, as steward to a glass-ware manufactory, and was 
 subsequently employed abroad and at home on public 
 business, and in 1640 made Clerk of the Council. In 1643 
 he was committed to the Fleet Prison by order of Parlia- 
 
 903 
 
HOW 
 
 HOW 
 
 mcnt, and remained there, writing and translating books, 
 until some time after the murder of Charles I. At the 
 Restoration his sufferings in the cause of loyalty were 
 rewarded by the post of Historiographer-Royal of Eng 
 land, which place was created for his benefit and retained 
 by him until his death. He was a man of learning and 
 humour, and versed in the modern languages. "Thank 
 God," he says, " I have this fruit of my foreign travels, 
 that I can pray unto Him eveuy day of the week in a 
 separate language, and upon Sunday in seven." As a 
 writer, although he was the author of forty-one original 
 works, historical, political, poetical, and philological, 
 and the translator of four from the Italian, one from the 
 French, and one, from the Spanish, all but his Familiar 
 Letters may be said to be unknown to ordinary readers. 
 We notice a few of his publications: 1. Dendrologia; or, 
 the Vocall Forest,' Lon., 1640, fol.; 2d ed., 1644, 4to: 
 Camb., 1645, 12mo; 3d ed., pub. under the title of 
 AENAPOAOriA Dodona's Grove ; or, the Vocall Forest. 
 Pub. with two other tracts, viz. : Parables reflecting upon 
 the Times, and England's Teares for the Present Wars, 
 1645 : 2d Part of Dodona's Grove, 1650, 8vo. In French, 
 1st Part, Paris, 1641, 4to; 2d Part, Paris, 1652, 4to. In 
 Latin, 1st Part, Lon., 1646, 8vo. 
 
 "This is a strange allegory, without any ingenuity in main 
 taining the analogy between the outer and the inner story, which 
 alone can give a reader any pleasure in allegorical writing. The 
 subject is the state of Europe, especially of England, about 1640, 
 under the guise of animated trees in a forest. . . . The contrivance 
 is all along so clumsy and unintelligible, the invention so poor 
 and absurd, the story if story there be so dull an echo of well- 
 known events, that it is impossible to reckon Dodona's Grove 
 any thing but an entire failure. Howell has no wit, but he has 
 abundance of conceits, flat and commonplace enough. With 
 all this, he was a man of some sense and observation." Hallam's 
 Lit. Hist, of Europe, ed. 1854; iii. 169. 
 
 Mr. Hallam suggests with much plausibility that Har 
 rington's Oceana, pub. in 1656, was 
 
 " Partly suggested, perhaps, by the Dodona's G rove of Howell, 
 or by Barclay's Argenis, and a few other fictions of the preceding 
 age." Uui supra, p. 438. See Censura Literaria. 
 
 2. Instructions for Forraine Travell, 1642, 12mo; with 
 addits., 1650, ISmo. 
 
 "Something is to be had from Howell still. It is agreeable, if 
 not useful, to know what a traveller was in the days of James and 
 Charles." Lon. IMrosp. Rev., xiii. 18-30, 1826. This review con 
 tains copious quotations. 
 
 3. Epistolae Ho-Elianae ; or, Familiar Letters, Domestic 
 and Foreign : divided into sundry Sections, partly His 
 torical, partly Political, partly Philosophical, upon emer 
 gent Occasions, 1645, 4to. Another vol. in 1647 ; both 
 these, with the addit. of a third, in 1650, 3 vols. 8vo; 4th 
 vol., 1655, 8vo; llth ed., 1754, 8vo. Since several times 
 reprinted. These Letters, addressed to James L, to seve 
 ral Lords and Bishops, Sir Kenelm Digby, Sir Rob. Na 
 pier, Ben Jonson, and others, contain many curious par 
 ticulars relating to the reigns of James I. and Charles I. 
 
 "Many of the said letters were never written before the author 
 of them was in the Fleet, as he pretended they were, only feigned, 
 (no time being kept with their dates.) and purposely published to 
 gain time to relieve his necessities, yet give a tolerable history of 
 those times." Athen. Oxon., Bliss's ed., iii. 746-747. 
 
 Dr. Bliss gives a table of the edits, of Howell's Letters, 
 and announces his intention of publishing a new and cor 
 rected edit., with notes and an appendix, for which he 
 had long been making the necessary collections. It is to 
 be greatly regretted that it was never given to the world. 
 The table of edits, is as follows:!. 1647; 2. 1647; 3. 
 1650; 4.1655; 5.1673; 6.1688; 7.1708; 9. 1726; 10. 
 1737 ; 11. 1754. The ed. of 1737 has the reputation of 
 being the best 
 
 "I believe the second published correspondence of this kind, 
 and, in our own language at least, of any importance after Hall, 
 [see HALL, JOSEPH, D.D.] will be found to be Epistolae Ho-Elianse, 
 or the Letters of James Howell, a great traveller, an intimate 
 friend of Jonson, and the -first who bore the office of the royal 
 historiographer, which discover a variety of literature, and abound 
 with much entertaining and useful information." Warton's Hist, 
 of Eng. Poet., ed. 1840, iii. 440-441. 
 
 "Howell is a wit who, in writing his own history, has written 
 that of his own times; he is one of the few whose genius, striking 
 in the heat of the moment only current coin, produce finished 
 metal for the cabinet. His letters are still published." Disraeli's 
 Literary Miscellanies, ed. 1840, p. 45. 
 
 " These letters were written in England, but are not the coinage 
 of British soil. They are amusing and instructive, and have de 
 servedly gone through half a score of editions. The account in 
 them of the assassination of Henry IV. of France is minutely 
 curious." Dibdin's Lib. Comp. 
 " His letters are entertaining." HALLAM : uoi supra. 
 11 If there be any exception to the general rule that letters pre 
 pared for the press are the most sickening and tiresome of all 
 compositions, it will certainly be found in the familiar letters of 
 James Howell, commonly called Epistolae, Ho-Eliance, which com 
 
 pose one of the most curious volumes in English literature." 
 Lon. Retrosp. Rev., iv. 183-200, 1821, q. v. 
 
 4. A Perfect Description of the People and Country of 
 Scotland, 1649, 4to. Reprinted ; also in The North Briton, 
 No. 13. 
 
 " At its reappearance there was some talk of prosecuting the 
 publisher for a libel ; but it is surprising that such extravagant 
 3reposterous stuff should excite any emotion but contempt." 
 Watt's Bill. Brit. 
 
 5. Londinopolis : an historicall Discourse or Perlustra- 
 tion of the City of London, and of Westminster, 1657, fol. 
 Principally borrowed from Stow's Survey, and his con- 
 tinuators. 6. Poems upon divers Emergent Occasions, 
 1664, 8vo, pp. 136. Edited by Payne Fisher. Bibl. 
 Anglo-Poet., 384, 3 6s., q. v.; and see Athen. Oxon. 
 
 The reader who desires to know more of Howell and his 
 publications must refer, in addition to authorities already 
 cited, to Biog. Brit., Lloyd's Memoirs, and Lowndes's Bibl. 
 Man., 974-975. We marvel that some of the enterprising 
 British publishers the Nicholses, Bohns, or Parkers, who 
 bave done so much for the revival of ancient English lore 
 have not presented us with a new edit, of Epistolse Ho- 
 Elianee; for, in the words of an eminent authority, 
 
 " It is refreshing to turn from the cobweb compositions of the 
 present day, in which there is no strength of material, to the 
 sterling sense and lively wit of these familiar letters." Lon. 
 Retrosp. Rev., vol. iv. p. 200, 1821. 
 
 The new editor of the Letters, if such an individual 
 should make his appearance, must endeavour to procure 
 tho late Henry Fauntleroy's illustrated copy, bound in 
 three imperial folios. 
 
 Howell, James. Serin., Lon., 1780, 4to. 
 
 Howell, John. Persecution; or, Sufferings for 
 Christ's Sake, Lon., 1685, 4to. 
 
 Howell, John. Life and Adventures of Alexander 
 Selkirk. See DE FOE, DANIEL, p. 489. 
 
 Howell, John. An Essay on the War-Galleys of 
 the Ancients, Edin., 1826, 8vo. 
 
 Howell, Laurence. See HOWEL. 
 
 Howell, Thomas. 1. The Fable of Ouid, treting 
 of Narcissus, trans, into English Mytre, Lon., 1560, 4to. 
 2. The Arbor of Amitie, 1568, '69, 8vo. 3. T. H.'s De 
 vises for his owne Exercise and his Friend's Pleasure, 
 1581, 4to. See Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry; Ritson's 
 Bibl. Poet. ; Cens. Lit. ; Brit. Bibliog. 
 
 Howell, Thomas, M.D. See HOWEL. 
 
 Howell, Thomas B. 1. Obs. on Dr. Sturge's Pamph 
 let resp. the Non-residence of the Clergy, Lon., 1802,'03,8vo. 
 2. Complete Collec. of State Trials, Ac. from the Earliest 
 Period to the Present Time, Lon., 1809-28, 34 vols. r. 8vo. 
 Compiled by T. B. Howell; continued to 1820 by his son, 
 Thomas Jones Howell ; with a General Index to the whole 
 Collection, by David Jardine. Originally pub. at 52 ; 
 reduced to 16 16*. Index separate, 1 11s. Qd. This 
 invaluable work we have already noticed : see HARGRAVE, 
 FRANCIS ; HANSARD, T. C. Hargrave disclaimed the edi 
 torial responsibility connected with the collection of State 
 Trials which goes under his name. See a valuable article 
 on the State Trials, in Wallace's Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 
 54-59. To the works recommended in these articles to 
 the legal student, we must add one of recent date, viz. : 
 Modern State Trials Reviewed and Illustrated, 1850, 2 
 vols. 8vo, by Wm. Chas. Townsend, Recorder of Maccles- 
 field, and author of several valuable half-legal, half-his 
 torical works. A review of Howell's State Trials will be 
 found in Edin. Rev., xxxi. 235-246. Miss Mitford hung 
 over the State Trials with delight: 
 
 "Of all collected works, those I liked best better than the poets 
 from Chaucer to Tennyson, better than the dramatists from 
 Shakspeare to Talfourd were those most real and exciting of all 
 dramas called trials." Recollec. of a Literary Life. 
 
 We avow the same taste, though not quite to the same 
 extent, and are now in anxious quest of a copy of the 
 State Trials, and trust that before the reader sees this 
 article we shall see the thirty-four goodly octavos adorn 
 ing our library-shelves. 
 
 Howell, Thomas Jones. See HOWELL, THOMAS B. 
 Howell, Wm., Fellow of Magdalene Coll., Camb., 
 and Chancellor of Lincoln, d. 1683. 1. Elementa Historian 
 Civilis, usque ad Monarchium Constantini M., Oxf., 1660; 
 Lon., 1671, 8vo. Enlarged ed., 1704. 2. An Institution 
 of General History, or Hfstory of the World to 1067, fol., 
 1662 ; 1680-85, 4 vols. fol. Commended by Gibbon, Hume, 
 and Johnson. 3. Ecclesiastical Hist., 1685, fol. 4. Medulla 
 Historia Anglicanee : the Ancient and Present State of 
 England, 1679, 1712, '19, '34, '42, 8vo. 
 Howell, Wm. Serm., Lon., 1676, 4to. 
 Howell, Wm. Two Serms., Oxf., 1711, '12. 
 Howell. See HOWEL. 
 
HOW 
 
 Howels, Win., minister of Long-Acre Episcopal 
 Chapel, long known as a popular preacher of the " Evan 
 gelical School." 1. Remains of, consisting of Extracts 
 from his Sermons, by the Rev. Win. P. Moore, Dubl., 
 1833, 12mo. New ed., Lon., 1852, fp. 8vo. 2. XL Serms. 
 on the Lord's Prayer, and a serm. on Scriptural Worship, 
 Lon., 1835, 8vo. 3. Serms., with Memoir by Chas. Bowdler, 
 1835, 2 vols. 8vo ; 2d ed., vol. i., 1836, 8vo. 4. XX. Serms., 
 
 1835, 12mo. 5. LII. Serms., from Notes by H. H. White, 
 
 1836, 8vo. 6. Prayers before and after the Sermon, 32mo. 
 7. Choice Sentences, ed. by the Rev. W. Bruce, 1850, 18mo. 
 For an account of Mr. Howels, see two Funeral Serms., 
 occasioned by his death, by the Rev. Henry Melvill and 
 the Hon. and Rev. Baptist Noel, Ac., 1832, 8vo j and 
 Brief Memoirs of Rev. W. Howels, by the Rev. E. Morgan, 
 1854, fp. 8vo. 
 
 "His great aim was always to reach the consciences of his 
 hearers. One of his paragraphs would have been another man's 
 sermon." REV. HENRY MELVILL. 
 
 Howes, Edmund* Annales ; or, A General Chro 
 nicle of England, begun by John Stow : continued to the 
 end of the year 1631, Lon., 1631, fol. See STOW, JOHN. 
 
 Howes, Francis. 1. Miscellaneous Poet. Trans., 
 Ac., Lon., 1806, 8vo. 2, Satires of Persius, trans, with 
 Notes, 1809, 8vo. 
 
 Howes, John, Rector of Abingdon. Serm., 1670, 4to. 
 Howes, John. See HOWES, THOMAS. 
 Howes, Thomas, or John. Critical Observations 
 on Books, ancient and modern, Pts. 1-16, and appendices, 
 Lon., 1776-1813, 8vo. Anon. A complete set of this 
 series, perhaps, cannot be obtained at any price. Mr. 
 Bohn advertised one in 1848, bound in 5 vols., for 2 2s., 
 which had formerly belonged to Thomas Falconer. Mr. 
 Bohn had never seen another complete set. Dr. Parr calls 
 Howes the " very learned and most acute." See Biblio- 
 thcca Parriana, p. 280. Bohn calls the author "John 
 Howes, of Norwich ;" Lowndes calls him Thomas. 
 Howes, Robert. Hist, of Framlingham. 
 Howes, Rev. T. Abridgt. of Dr. John Taylor's 
 Key to the Apostolic Writings, Ac., 1806. 
 
 Howett, Samuel. Some Few Proposals for Public 
 Service both by Sea and Land, 1689. 
 
 Howgill, Francis, a Quaker. The Darnings of 
 the Gospel-Day, and its Light and Glory Discouered, 
 Lon., 1676, fol. 
 
 Howgrave, Francis. 1. Rumour against Inocula 
 tion, Lon., 1724, 8vo. 2. Essay on the Ancient and Pre 
 sent State of Stamford, 1726, 4to. 
 
 Howiclt, Rt. Hon. Viscount. Speech in the 
 House of Commons, Lon., 1807, 8vo. 
 
 Howie, John, 1735-1791, a native of Lochgoil, 
 Scotland. 1. Biographia Scoticana; or, A Brief Histori 
 cal Account of the most Eminent Scots Worthies, Ac., 
 1503-1688, 1774; again, enlarged, Glasg., 1781, 8vo, and 
 later edits. New ed., Revised, Corrected, and Enlarged, 
 with a Pref. and Notes, by Win. McGavin, author of The 
 Protestant, Ac., recently pub. by McPhun, of Glasgow 
 reprinted by Carters, of N. York, 1853, 8vo. 
 
 "This is by far the best edition of this most remarkable work 
 that has ever seen the light. He is not worthy the name of a 
 Scot who can be indifferent to tie story of these illustrious cham 
 pions." Lon. Evangel. Mag. 
 
 These should accompany this valuable work The Las 
 Words and Dying Testimonies of the Scottish Worthies 
 also pub. by McPhun. 2. Lects. and Serms. by Scottish 
 Divines. 3-7. Theolog. treatises. See Memoir of Howie 
 prefixed to the last edit, of Scots Worthies. 
 
 Howison, James, M.D. 1. Dictionary of the Malay 
 Tongue, Lon., 1801, 4to ; 1805, 4to. 2. Con. to Annals of 
 Med., 1797. 3. Elastic Gum Vine of Prince of Wales 
 Island ; Nic. Jour., 1800. 
 
 Howison, John, of the E. I. Co.'s Service. 1. Eu 
 ropean Colonies, 2 rols. 8vo. 2. Sketches of Uppe: 
 Canada, Edin., 1821, 8vo ; 2d ed., 1822 ; 3d ed., 1825, 8vo 
 Mr. H. passed two years and a half in Upper Canada. 
 
 "By far the best book which has ever been written hy any Br; 
 tish traveller on the subject of North America." Blackw. Mag., x 
 537-545. 
 
 Also highly commended by the Edinburgh Review 
 Edinburgh Magazine ; Monthly Magazine ; New Monthly 
 Magazine ; British Critic ; Eclectic Review ; Literary Ga 
 zette; Literary Chronicle; Scotsman; Examiner; Monthl; 
 Review, Ac. 
 
 " In describing the Falls of Niagara, he has out-Heroded Heroc 
 and beaten Bombastts Furioso out of the field." Lon. Month. Rev 
 
 " It is rich in valuable information to emigrants, and is. more 
 over, highly descriptive of scenery and manners. The part rels 
 tive to the United States is superficial." Stevenson's Voyages an 
 Travels. 
 
 HOW 
 
 3. Foreign Scenes and Travelling Recreations ; 2d ed., 
 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " A book which, being once taken up. it is really difficult to put 
 down again without perusing thoroughly." Lon. News of Litera 
 ture and Fashion. 
 
 4. Tales of the Colonies, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " A series of interesting Tales worthy of the clever author." 
 Lon. Lit. Gazette. 
 
 See Blackw. Mag., x. 545. 
 
 Howison, Robert R., b. 1820, in Fredericksburg, 
 Virginia, has practised law at Richmond, Va,, since 1845. 
 1. A Hist, qf Virginia from its Discovery and Settlement 
 o 1847, 2 vols. 8vo : vol. i., Phila., 1846 ; vol. ii., Rich 
 mond, 1848. 2. Lives of Generals Morgan, Marion, and 
 Gates; pub. in 1847, in the work entitled Washington and 
 tie Generals of the American Revolution, edited by 
 lufus Wilmot Griswold, D.D., q. v., p. 745, No. 9. 
 
 Howison, William. An Investigation of the Prin- 
 iples and Credit of the Circulation of Paper Money or 
 Bank Notes in Great Britain, Lon., 1803, 8vo. 
 
 Howison, William, the brother of John Howison, 
 _s been so graphically described by Sir Walter Scott 
 o whom he introduced himself when fifteen, by his Ballad 
 f Polydore in his letter to Joanna Baillie, July 11, 
 823, that we need only refer the reader to this epistle. 
 Jolydore, originally pub. by Sir Walter in the Edinburgh 
 Annual Register for 1810, will be found in Joanna Baillie's 
 Poetical Miscellanies, 1823. 1. Fragments and Fictions, 
 Pub. under the name of M. de Peudemots. See Black- 
 wood's Mag., x. 345. 2. An Essay on the Sentiments of 
 Attraction, Adaptation, and Vanity. To which are added 
 A Key to the Mythology of the Ancients, and Europe's 
 ikeness'to the Human Spirit, Edin., 1821, 12mo. 
 " From its extreme abstracted doctrines, more difficult to com 
 prehend than any I ever opened in my life." SIR WALTER SCOTT : 
 ibi supra. 
 
 See Blackw. Mag., ix. 393-399; x. 545; xi. 308-316. 
 3. A Grammar of Infinite Forms; or, the Mathematical 
 Elements of Ancient Philosophy and Mythology, 1823, 
 12mo. 4. The Conquest of Twelve Tribes. See Blackw. 
 Mag., xlvi. 694. See also Lockhart's Life of Scott. 
 
 Howitt, Anna Mary, an artist, is the daughter of 
 William and Mary Howitt, and inherits the literary talent 
 of her parents. 1. An Art-Student in Munich, Lon., 1853, 
 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 "There is enough in these volumes to warrant our conviction 
 that, if it please their authoress, she may hereafter do good ser 
 vice to Art with the pen no less than with the pencil : supposing, 
 always, that Time shall balance, not deaden, her enthusiasm." 
 Lon. AthencBum, 1853, 584-585, q. v. 
 
 2. The School of Life, first pub. in the London Illustrated 
 Magazine of Art, vol. ii., July to Dec. 1853; by Ticknor A 
 Fields, Bost., 1855, 16mo. Repub., Lon., 1856. This work, 
 which records the experience of artist life, has been highly 
 commended. 
 
 Howitt, Ema. Letters during a Tour through the 
 United States, Nottingham, circa 1820, 12mo. 
 
 Howitt, Mary, a daughter of Mr. Botham, of 
 Uttoxeter, a member of the Society of Friends, was mar 
 ried to William Howitt, a congenial spirit, in 1821. The 
 lives of both have been so well told in a publication 
 just issued, and accessible to all, (Men of the Time, Lon., 
 1856,) that it will be unnecessary to repeat what we should 
 be unable to improve. Moreover, the plan of our work 
 is better answered by a list of their publications, with 
 some critical notices of their characteristics as writers, 
 which citations of opinions we are obliged to restrict 
 within very narrow limits. 
 
 In 1823 Mr. and Mrs. Howitt gave to the world their 
 first publication, The Forest Minstrel, which was suc 
 ceeded in 1827 by The Desolation of Eyam, and other 
 Poems. To these joint productions may be added, The 
 Book of the Seasons, first pub. in 1831, and The Litera 
 ture and Romance of Northern Europe, issued in 1852, 
 and Stories of English Life, in Bohn's Illustrated Library, 
 1853. The following alphabetical catalogue compiled 
 with considerable labour, and, we trust, nearly if not quite 
 complete of Mary Howitt's separate publications evinces 
 no ordinary amount of literary industry. 1. Alice Frank 
 lin, 1843, 18mo. 2. Ballads and other Poems, 1847, p. 8vo. 
 3. Birds and Flowers, and other Country Things, 1848, 
 12mo. 4. Do., Second Series, 1855, sq. 5. Children's 
 Year, 1847, 16mo. 6. Dial of Love, 1852, 12mo. 7. Heir 
 of Wast Wayland, 1851, 12mo. 8. Hope on ! Hope ever! 
 3d ed., 1844, 18mo. 9. Hymns and Fireside Verses, 1839, 
 fp. 8vo. New ed. of Fireside Verses, 1844, 4to ; again, 
 1852, 16mo. 10. Illustrated Library for the Young, 
 1855 : 1st Series, 4to ; 2d Series, 4to. Also both 
 series in 1 vol. 4to. Pub. in monthly nos. 11. Little 
 
 Coin, Much Care, 1842, 18mo. 12. Lives of British 
 
 905 
 
HOW 
 
 HOW 
 
 Queens ; or, The Royal Book of Beauty ; Illustrated with I 
 Biog. and Hist. Memoirs by Mary Howitt and the Countess ; 
 of Blessington, 1851, r. 8vo. 13. Love and Money, 1843, i 
 18mo. 14. Mary Leeson, 1848, 18mo. 15. Midsummer | 
 Flowers, 1853, fp. 8vo. 16. My own Story, 1844, ISmo. 
 17. My Uncle the Clockmaker, 1844, ISrno. 18. No Sense 
 like Common Sense, 1843, 18mo. 19. Our Cousins in Ohio; 
 new ed., 1849, sq. 20. Picture Book for the Young, 1854, 
 4to. 21. Seven Temptations, 1834, 12mo. 22. Sketches 
 of Natural History, sq.; 6th ed., 1846; 7th ed., 1851; 8th i 
 ed., 1853. 23. Sowing and Heaping, 1840, 18nao. 24. 
 Strive and Thrive, 1839, 18mo. 25. Tales in Prose, sq. ; 
 new ed., 1841. 26. Tales in Verse, sq. ; new ed., 1846; : 
 again, 1854. 27. The Stedfast Gabriel, 1850, 18mo. 28. | 
 The Two Apprentices, 1844, ISmo. 29. Which is the 
 Wiser? 3d ed., 1844, 18mo. 30. Who shall be Greatest? | 
 1841, 18mo. 31. Wood Leighton, 1836, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 32. Work and Wages, 1842, 18mo. 
 
 TRANSLATIONS INTO ENGLISH FROM THE SWEPISH OP 
 FREDERIKA BREMER. 33. Brothers and Sisters; a Tale 
 of Domestic Life, 1848, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 34. Easter Offer 
 ing, 1850, 12mo. 35. H Family, 1844, 2 vols. p. 8ro. 
 
 New ed., 1853, in vol. iv. of Miss Bremer's Works. 36. 
 Hertha, 1856. 37. Home; or, Family Cares and- Family 
 Joys, 1843, 2 vols. p. 8vo. New ed., 1853, being vol. iii. 
 of Miss Bremer's Works. 38. Homes of the New World; 
 Impressions of America, 1853, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 39. Mid 
 night Sun, 1849, p. 8vo. 40. New Sketches of Every-Day 
 Life A Diary; together with Strife and Peace, 1843, 2 
 vols. p. 8vo. New ed. in vol. iv. of Miss Bremer's Works. 
 41. President's Daughters, including Nina, 1843, 3 vols. p. 
 8vo. New ed., 1852, p. 8vo. 42. The Neighbours; a Story 
 of Every-Day Life; 3d ed., 1843, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 4th ed., 
 1852, 12ino. 
 
 FROM THE DANISH OF HANS CHRISTIAN ANDERSEN. 43. 
 Only a Fiddle ! and 0. T. ; or, Life in Denmark, 1845, 3 vols. 
 p. 8vo. 44. The Improvisatore, 1847, 12mo; 1849, 12mo. 
 45. The True Story of My Life, 1847, 12mo. 46. Wonder 
 ful Stories for Children, sq., 1846. New ed., 1848. 
 
 ALSO FROM THE DANISH. 47. Jacob Bendixen, the Jew, 
 1851, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 FROM THE GERMAN. 48. Child's Picture and Verse- 
 Book, commonly called Otto Speckter's Fable-Book, with 
 French and German on corresponding pages; illustrated 
 with 100 Engravings on Wood by G. F. Sargent, sq. ; 2d 
 ed., 1844; 3d ed., 1845. The popularity of this work, 
 from Poland to France, with the younger members of the 
 household, is well known. A celebrated German review 
 remarks of it: 
 
 " Of this production, which makes itself an epoch in the world 
 of children, it is superfluous to speak. The Fable- Book is through 
 out all Germany in the hands of parents and children, and will 
 always be new, because every year fresh children are horn." 
 
 49. Citizen of Prague; 2d ed., 1846, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 50. 
 The Peasant and his Landlord, by Baroness Knorring, 
 1848, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 The above register affords a tolerable proof that Mary 
 Howitt has not " eaten the bread of idleness ;" but, if to 
 these volumes many of them exhibiting evidences of no 
 little toil we add her contributions for the last thirty years 
 to the periodicals of the day, to The Amulet, The Literary 
 Souvenir, The Drawing Room Scrap-Book, (of which she 
 was for three years the editor,) The People's Journal, Ac., 
 we shall have an aggregate of printed matter which few 
 authors of the day can equal. But unfortunately the mere 
 fact of voluminousness does not always imply either merit 
 on the part of the author or advantage on that of the 
 public. The great question is not as to quantity, but as 
 to quality. By many writers we should have been bene 
 fited more had they written less ; and of many it is to be 
 regretted that they ever wrote at all. But if of any we 
 can justly say, This pen has ever been employed in the 
 advocacy of the true, the beautiful, and the good; the alle 
 viation of human suffering, and the cure of social disor 
 ders; the education of the mind, and the improvement of 
 the heart; the cultivation of home-duties and home-affec 
 tions, and the development of fraternal unity in the great 
 brotherhood of man; surely of such it shall be said, Here 
 is one worthy of honour, of love, and of praise ; and such 
 is Mary Howitt ! When we return from the pleasing con 
 templation of the moralist, to consider the literary merits 
 of an instrumentality which has been so widely produc 
 tive of beneficial results, we are conscious that the theme 
 has been anticipated not to say exhausted. Mrs. Howitt's 
 position, whether we consider her as a poetess, a novelist, 
 an essayist, or as an instructor of the youthful mind, is too 
 Well determined, too generally acknowledged, to require 
 
 any championship at our hands. Yet we are not willing 
 to conclude this article without the adduction of at least a 
 few tributes to the merits of one whose happiness it is to 
 number as many friends as she has readers, and to have 
 as few enemies as she has written worthless books. 
 
 "There can be no surer proof of the genuineness of the poetical 
 power possessed by Mary Howitt, than the fact that her finer pieces 
 ever recur again and again to the memories of all imaginative 
 readers. This can be only owing to their feminine tenderness, 
 their earnest tone, their gentle music, and their simple but genuine 
 nature." Moir's Sketches of the Poet. Lit. of the Past Half- Century. 
 " Mary Howitt has shown herself mistress of every string of the 
 minstrel lyre, save that which sounds of broil and bloodshed. 
 There is more of the old ballad simplicity in her compositions than 
 can be found in the strains of any living poet besides ; her lan 
 guage is vigorous, but not swelling; and always subordinate to 
 the sentiments, whether of tenderness or of love." Allan Cun 
 ningham's Biog. and Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years. 
 " Her poems are always graceful and beautiful, and often vigor 
 ous, but they are essentially feminine: they afford evidences of a 
 kindly and generous nature, as well as of a fertile imagination and 
 a safely-cultivated mind." MRS. HALL. 
 
 "Her language is chaste and simple, her feelings tender and 
 pure, and her observation of nature accurate and intense." 
 CHRISTOPHER NORTH : Noctes Ambrosiana ; Blackw. Mag., xxiv. &io. 
 "Sweet Mary Howitt! her name brings a magic with it, let us 
 see it when and where we will ! It is one crowded with pleasant 
 associations; telling of wisdom learned by the wayside and under 
 the hedgerows ; breathing perfumes not the perfumes of balls and 
 routs, but of violets and wild flowers; leading the mind to pure 
 and pleasant thoughtfulness." New Monthly Magazine. 
 
 See also Blackwood's Mag., xxiv. 674; xxix. 699-701; 
 xxxvii. 643-650; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xvi. 556. 
 
 " Mary Howitt, the poetess alike of the Fireside and of the Field, 
 and perhaps the most popular of all our female writers, takes a 
 rank second to none among the fair poets of our country. . . . Not 
 content with showing that she possesses noble powers, Mrs. Howitt 
 exhibits the rare ambition of using her gifts nobly ; and with an 
 earnest eloquence, which often reaches sublimity, she proclaims 
 herself the poet of the Young, and the Humble, and the Poor. 
 Her sympathies with all classes are strong ; 
 
 1 All tears 
 
 Which human sorrow sheds are dear to her ;' 
 but with these classes they are overpowering. ... In summing up 
 my imperfect estimate of Mary Howitt, I would say that no Fe 
 male Poet in our literature surpasses her, and that but few equal 
 her. As a versifier, as a moralist, and as a philosopher, she may 
 safely challenge comparison with any writer of her own sex, and 
 with most of the writers of the other sex; whilst as regards grace, 
 pathos, womanly sentiment, and Christian sympathy, she has 
 scarcely a ' rival near her throne.' I believe that her writings have 
 done more to elevate our ideas of woman's intellectual character 
 than all the treatises on that subject in our language." Howton's 
 Female Poets of Great Britain. 
 
 Howitt, Richard, brother of William and Mary 
 Howitt, settled for four years as a physician at Melbourne, 
 Australia, has given us the results of his observations in 
 his work entitled (1.) Impressions of Australia Felix, during 
 Four Years' Residence in that Colony : Australian Poems, 
 Ac., Lon., 1845, 12mo; 1847, 12mo. 
 
 " The Impressions make up an amusing volume : one, too, which, 
 taken cum grano, may be useful." Lon. Athenamm. 
 
 " The details are amusing and intelligent, the remarks are sen 
 sible and philosophic, and we have, as it were, gossiped through 
 the whole of nearly four hundred pages, with the reverse of lassi 
 tude or discontent." Lon. Lit. Gazette. 
 
 " He possessed many facilities for acquiring information which 
 were not accessible to the ordinary traveller, and he has not failed 
 to make the most of them." Men of the Time, Lon., 1856. 
 
 Mr. Howitt has also given to the world (2.) Antediluvian 
 Sketches, and other Poems, 1830, 12mo, pp. 148. 
 
 " Richard, too, has a true poetical feeling, and no small poetical 
 power. His unpretending volume of verses well deserves a place 
 in the library along with those of his enlightened relatives; for 
 he loves nature truly as they do, and nature has returned his 
 affection." CHRISTOPHER NORTH : Nodes Ambrosiance ; Blackwood's 
 Magazine, xxix. 700. 
 
 " It is one of the few books of this sort that fully answers the 
 title of Poems: IT is POETRY." Friends' Magazine, Oct. 1830. 
 " There is a great deal of poetical and also of good kindly feeling 
 
 in this little volume It is a rare thing to see a whole family so 
 
 gifted as the family of Howitt: truly their union must be a ' mu 
 sical meeting.' "Lon. Lit. Gazette, Sept. 11, 1830. 
 
 3. The Gipsy King, and other Poems, 1841; 2d ed., 1846, 
 fp. 8vo. Illustrated with eight wood engravings by Wil- 
 
 " Full of genuine pictures of nature." LEIGH HUNT. 
 
 <; Richard Howitt is worthy of his relationship to his celebrated 
 brother and sister, William and Mary Howitt." ion. New MonUdy 
 Magazine. 
 
 See Lon. Athenaeum, 1841, 85. 
 
 Several other references to the Howitt family (by the 
 illustrious Christopher North) will be found in Blackwood's 
 Mag., xxiv. 674; xxix. 699. 
 
 Howitt, Samuel. 1. 50 Etchings of Animals, 1803 or 
 1804, 4to. 2. Field Sports, 1807, fol. 3. New Work of 
 Animals, 1811, 4to. 4. Miscellaneous Etchings, 1812. 
 5. British Sportsman, 1812, 4to. 6. Foreign Field Sports, 
 1814. 7. The British Preserve, r. 4to; new ed., 1840, r. 
 8vo; 1844; 1847. 
 
HOW 
 
 HOW 
 
 Howitt, William, b. 1795, at Heanor, in Derby 
 shire, the husband and literary associate of Mary Howitt, 
 has been already briefly noticed in our article devoted to 
 the latter, in which the reader is referred for further infor 
 mation to the life of Mr. Howitt in Men of the Time, Lon., 
 1856. The following alphabetical list of the works of this 
 popular author includes all of which we can find any ac 
 count: 1. A Word to Dissenters, 1839. 2. Aristocracy of 
 England ; a History for the People, by John Hampden, Jr., 
 
 1846, 12mo; 2d ed., 1846, 12ino ; also, 3d ed. 3. Book of 
 the Seasons; or, A Calendar of Nature, 1831, 12mo; 7th 
 ed., 1846, 12ino; 8th ed., 1848, 12mo: in conjunction 
 with Mary Howitt. 
 
 "SHEPHERD: ' But what is this Byeuck of the Seasons?' NORTH: 
 ' In it the Hewitts have wished to present us with all their poetic 
 and picturesque features, a Calendar of Nature, comprehensive 
 and complete iu itself, which, ou being taken up hy the lover of 
 nature at the opening of each month, should lay before him in 
 prospect all the objects and appearances which the month would 
 present, in the garden, in the field, and the waters; yet confining 
 itself solely to those objects. Such, in their own words, is said to 
 be their aim.' SHEPHERD : ' And nae insignificant aim either, sir. 
 Hae they bit it?' NORTH: 'They have.'" Noctes Ambrosiance: 
 Blaclcw. Mag., xxix. 700. 
 
 See also Westminster Review, xiv. 456. 4. Boy's Ad 
 ventures in the Wilds of Australia; or, Herbert's Note- 
 Book, 1854, fp. 8vo. New ed., 1855, 12mo. 
 
 " All the boys in England, whether ' old boys' or young ones, 
 will rejoice in this fascinating hook, full of anecdote and wild ad 
 venture : sober as we are, and little given to roam, it has inspired 
 us with a strong desire to take a journey in the Bush, if we could 
 see the end of it." Lon. Athenaeum, 1854, p. 1556. 
 
 5. Boy's Country-Book of Amusements, 12mo ; new ed., 
 
 1847. Also, 3d ed. 
 
 "A capital work; and, we are inclined to think, Howitt's best 
 in any line." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 " One of the most fascinating fictions for young and old that 
 has ever graced our literature." Lon. Monthly Chronicle. 
 
 6. Colonization and Christianity; a History of the Treat 
 ment of Aboriginals by European Nations in all their Colo 
 nies, 1838, p. 8vo. The publication of this work led to the 
 formation of the British India Society, and to some im 
 provements in the management of the colonies of Great 
 Britain. 
 
 " Never has any other author discussed this subject so plainly 
 and so philosophically." Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 "We have no hesitation in pronouncing this the most important 
 and valuable work that Mr. Howitt has produced." Taifs Mag. 
 
 But see Athenaeum, 1838, 644-645. 7. Country Year- 
 Book; or, The Field, The Forest, and The Fireside, p. 8vo. 
 8. Desolation of Eyam, [founded on the pathetic narrative 
 of the Rev. Win. Mompesson,] and other Poems, 1827, 12mo : 
 in conjunction with Mary Howitt. 9. Forest Minstrel, 
 1823, 12mo: in conjunction with Mary Howitt. This 
 vol. is composed of selections from the fugitive poetry of 
 the authors. See HOWITT, MARY. 10. German Expe 
 rience Addressed to the English, 1844, p. 8vo; 1847, p. 
 8vo. See Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xvi. 556. 11. Hall and 
 the Hamlet, 1847, 2 vols. p. 8vo ; 1848, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 1852, 
 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 "Here are two entertaining volumes by Mr. Howitt: having 
 the raciness and value of characteristic nationality, and in many 
 passages the grace of eloquent and picturesque description." 
 Lon. Athenaeum, 1847, p. 1319. 
 
 12. History of England. This work is at the present 
 time (1856) in course of publication. It is pub. in num 
 bers to the amount of 100,000 weekly. It will probably 
 employ Mr. Howitt for several years to come. 13. History 
 of Priestcraft, 1834, 12mo; 7th ed., 1845, 12mo; 8th ed., 
 1846, 12mo. More than 20,000 copies sold to 1852. 14. 
 Homes and Haunts of the most Eminent British Poets 
 Illustrated, 1847, 2 vols. 8vo; 1849, 2 vols. 8vo; 1850, 2 
 vols. 8vo ; 1852, 2 vols. 8vo. The author is at the present 
 moment (Nov. 1856) preparing a new and still more com 
 plete edit, of this work, which will be enriched with much 
 new matter. 
 
 "Every reader turns with pleasure to those passages of Horace, 
 Pope, and Boileau, which describe how they lived and where they 
 dwelt." SAMUEL ROGERS. 
 
 Mr. Howitt's motto on the title-page of this work is very 
 happily selected: 
 
 "An indissoluble sign of their existence has stamped itself on 
 the abodes of all distinguished men, a sign which places all kin 
 dred spirits in communion with them." The Citizen of Prague. 
 
 This work was commended by The Examiner, The At 
 las, &c., and received very faint commendation from the 
 Literary Gazette ; but the Athenaeum was much less lenient, 
 
 -styling the work 
 "Two goss 
 
 Two gossiping volumes, not very subtle or sound in their cri 
 ticisms, nor very novel in design and treatment. They are ex 
 tremely inaccurate in parts; with very little in them derived from 
 books, and that little of the commonest kind. There is a : 
 sprinkling of conceit throughout, and there are some good pas 
 sages derived from personal observation," &c. 1847, 38-41 ; 66-66. 
 
 At this critique Mr. Howitt felt himself greatly aggrieved, 
 and so expressed himself, whereupon the reviewer returned 
 to the attack with renewed ardour, (see Athenaeum, 1847, 
 147-149.) Other notices of the work will be found on pp. 
 96, (a melancholy instance of bad temper and injustice 
 by a correspondent of the journal,) 125, 151, 173, 200, 201, 
 1175. 
 
 " Mr. Howitt has indeed done something to mark localities and 
 houses; but for the full knowledge and intelligent criticism that 
 would surround these landmarks with clusters of associations, 
 making bare walls eloquent and giving speech to all the neighbour 
 ing objects, we look in vain. The Homes and Haunts, instead of 
 being original essays, are, in fact, nothing more than a collection 
 of brief and prosaic biographies, made up in general from well- 
 known sources, and tediously full of anecdotes." The. Britannia. 
 
 See also Fraser's Mag., xxxv. 210; Amer. Whig Rev., 
 vi. 516. 
 
 15. Land, Labour, and Gold; or, Two Years in Victoria, 
 with Visits to Sydney and Van Diemen's Land, 1855, 2 
 yols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " When our author is content with description, we follow his 
 lead with pleasure; when he generalizes, we lose our confidence, 
 if not our pleasure. His strength lies in a fresh and hearty ap 
 preciation of nature, of costume, and of character. What he sees 
 clearly he can present clearly to the eye. His book consists of a 
 series of excellent sun-pictures, in which we see the very form and 
 pressure of Australian life." Lon. Athenaeum, 1855, 668-670. 
 
 16. Life and Adventures of Jack of the Mill, 1844, 2 
 vols. fp. 8vo; 1845, 2 vols. fp. 8vo; 1849, 2 vols. fp. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Howitt possesses the happy knack of accommodating him 
 self to the youthful mind; and there can be no question that his 
 Jack of the Mill will become a favourite." Lon. Observer. 
 
 See also Britannia; Athenaeum, <fec. 
 
 17. Literature and Romance of Northern Europe, 1852, 
 2 vols. p. 8vo : in conjunction with Mary Howitt. This 
 erudite work, the only complete one of the kind in the 
 English language, will be more and more prized in pro 
 portion as the taste for Scandinavian literature becomes 
 generally diffused among scholars in Great Britain and 
 the United States. It is an excellent guide to the litera 
 ture of Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Iceland, with 
 copious specimens of the histories, romances, legends, 
 dramas, ballads, <fec. of those countries. See Lon. Athen 
 aeum, 1852, 400-402. 
 
 18. Madam Dorrington of the Dene, 1851, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 19. Pantika; or, Traditions of Ancient Times, 1835, 2 vols. 
 8vo. 20. Rural and Domestic Life of Germany ; with 
 Characteristic Sketches of its Chief Cities and Scenery 
 collected in a general Tour, and during a Residence in 
 that Country in the Years 1840-42, 1842, med. 8vo. With 
 above 50 illustrations. This vol. is commended, on tho 
 whole, by the Athenaeum ; but it is objected that 
 
 ", Mr. Howitt is too fond of stating impressions as general truths. 
 Neither can we recommend the reader to place much reliance on 
 his judgment in art, or his sweeping sketches of literature and 
 opinion." 1842, 1030-1033, 1060-1062. 
 
 " A volume which will add to William Howitt's literary reputa 
 tion, and be read with delight by thousands of bis countrymen, 
 as being the first faithful and comprehensive account of a people 
 to whom they are allied by a kindred language and kindred dis 
 positions. The engraved illustrations are perfect gems of art." 
 Lon. Atlas. 
 
 " We think this work the most interesting of any thing William 
 Howitt has done. It possesses all his well-known excellencies, 
 and derives from its subject the attraction of both novelty and 
 knowledge." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 Some brief extracts from German opinions of this work 
 will not be out of place : 
 
 "This author, who has become so celebrated and appreciated 
 from many of his works, has given us, in the above volume, an 
 extremely interesting and characteristic description of Life in 
 Germany, as well as an accurate account of the manners and 
 customs of this country." JiigeVs Universal Magazine. 
 
 "Howitt, a man of mature years, with all the youthful fire of 
 poetry and humanity, every inch an Englishman, gives us here 
 a most original work on Germany. He treats us and our affairs 
 with such an earnestness of conviction, such a love of impar 
 tiality, such an amiable candour, that we cannot censure him, 
 but must respect what he says." Allgemeine Zeitung. Feb. 5. 
 1843. 
 
 " We return our hearty thanks to Howitt, whose work we have 
 so often quoted, for the extraordinary accuracy, freedom, and 
 nobility of spirit with which he has set himself to describe the 
 life, character, and circumstances of our country." Kolnische 
 Zeitung, March, 1843. 
 
 21. Rural Life of England, 1837, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 1838, 
 2 vols. p. 8vo; 1844, med. 8vo. 
 
 "One of the most beautiful, vigorous, fresh, and spirited of Mr. 
 Howitt's productions. It is written with good sense and good 
 feeling." Court Journal. 
 
 "Admirable, and to English readers indispensable, volumes; 
 not merely a charming, but an ennobling work." Lon. Atlas. 
 
 "There is much that is pleasant and interesting in these 
 volumes; but, as a whole, they have been over-elaborated." 
 Lon. Athencmm, 1838, 63-64. 
 
 " I should have been glad to have taken further note of the 
 landscape of Theocritus, on which Mr. Howitt dwells with just 
 delight. Other parts of the book will be found very suggestive 
 
HOW 
 
 and helpful to the reader who cares to pursue the subject." 
 liOBKiN : Mod. Painters, TO!, iii. App., p. 347. 
 
 See also Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., iv. 410. 
 
 22. Stories of English Life ; Bohn's Illustrated Lib., 
 vol. xxi., 1853, p. 8vo : in conjunction with Mary Howitt. 
 
 HOY 
 
 In the last quarter of a century (few authors have been 
 able so long to command the undiminished interest of a 
 novelty-loving public) many kind things have been said 
 of William and Mary Howitt; but we doubt if any 
 tribute is more highly prized than that of Christopher 
 
 23. Visits to Remarkable Places ; Old Halls, Battle-Fields, j North, recorded hTthe 56th Number of Noctes Ambro- 
 and Scenery illustrative of Striking Passages of English j s i anse) April, 1831: see Blackwood's Magazine, xxix 
 
 History and Poetry. 1st Series, 1839, 8vo ; 2d ed., 1840, - -* * itsaBna __ _ a * *-,= 
 
 med. 8vo. 2d Series, 1841, med. 8vo. Both series seve 
 ral times reprinted. Mr. Howitt intends to add several 
 more vols. to the above, having copious materials on hand 
 yet unpublished. 
 
 "A rich treat for all genuine lovers of literature, historical an 
 tiquities, and natural scenery : the most delightful book which 
 the present festal season has produced." United Service Gazette, 
 January 1, 1842. 
 
 " Written with the enthusiasm of a poet and the knowledge 
 of an antiquary." ion. Monthly Chronicle. 
 
 See Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., vii. 551 ; xi. 193 ; Fraser's 
 Mag., xxiii. 725; Athenaeum, 1840, 34-36; Bost. Chris. 
 Exam., xxx. 174. 24. Year-Book of the Country, 1850, 
 p. 8vo; 1852, p. 8vo. 
 
 TRANSLATIONS FROM THE GERMAN. 25. Peter Schlem- 
 ihl ; from Aldelbert Von Chamisso ; German and Eng 
 lish, 1843, 16mo. 26. The Student-Life of Germany ; 
 from the unpublished MSS. of Dr. Cornelius, 1841, med. 
 8vo. This work was written for and at the solicitation 
 of Mr. Howitt. It contains nearly forty of the most 
 famous songs of the German students, in German and 
 English, with the original music, adapted to the piano 
 forte by Herr Winkelmeyer. This work was sharply 
 criticized in England; but in Germany it has been highly 
 commended. Some of the habits of some of the German 
 students are not the most refined in the world ; but that 
 is not Mr. Howitt's fault. See Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., 327 ; 
 Athenaeum, 1841, 807; Atlas; Examiner; N. Amer. Rev., 
 (by W. B. 0. Peabody,) Ivi. 330 ; Bost. Chris. Exam., xxii. 
 71; N. York Democratic Rev., x. 238. 
 
 27. The Wanderings of the Journeyman Tailor through 
 Europe and the East, 1824-40 ; from the German (3d ed.) 
 of P. D. Holthaus, 1844, fp. 8vo ; 1849, fp. 8vo. 
 
 " Except The Bible in Spain, we have not had so interesting a 
 wonder-book for years." Lon. Chris. Reformer. 
 
 28. Universal Hist, of Magic ; from the German of Dr. 
 Joseph Ennemoser. To which is added an appendix of 
 apparitions, dreams, second-sight, somnambulism, Ac., 
 selected by Mary Howitt. Bohn's Scientific Library, 
 vols. xiii., xiv., p. 8vo, 1854. In this translation, made 
 whilst on his voyage to Australia, Mr. Howitt was as 
 sisted by his eldest son. The character of Ennemoser's 
 work is well known to the German scholar. Mr. Howitt 
 has long contemplated the publication of a history of the 
 Life and Times of George Fox; but whether it will ever 
 see the light is perhaps doubtful. In addition to the 
 works above noticed, he is the author of the article 
 " Quakers" in the 7th edit of the Encyclopedia Britan- 
 nica, many pieces in The Literary Souvenir, The Amulet, 
 Ac., and, in conjunction with Mary Howitt, edited, for the 
 three years of its continuance, (1847-49, 3 vols. r. 8vo,) 
 Howitt's Journal, a periodical which started with a cir 
 culation of 30,000 copies. It was purchased by the owner 
 of the People's Journal, (of which Mr. Howitt bad been 
 a co-proprietor and manager,) in consequence of some 
 pecuniary difficulties. Both journals are now extinct, to 
 the great loss of the intelligent portion of the middle 
 classes of Great Britain. 
 
 We have quoted many opinions respecting Mr. Howitt's 
 merits and demerits as a writer, but are obliged to with 
 hold many more from want of space. Whilst we are far 
 from deeming him infallible, and consider that in his 
 earnestness to enlighten (as he supposes) the public mind 
 he has at times treated some most important themes with 
 censurable levity and culpable irreverence, yet we can 
 not coincide with the reproof that the Reformer should 
 not expose evils without at the same time providing for 
 their extirpation. I might as well blame a neighbour for 
 apprizing me that my house was on fire, because he failed 
 to inform me immediately of a certain mode of extinguish 
 ing the flames ; or forbid my physician to announce the 
 presence of disease, unless he undertook at the same 
 moment to arrest its course. With the exception, there 
 fore, hinted at above, many of our countrymen and 
 countrywomen will unite with the commendation of our 
 highest literary authority : 
 
 " We rejoice to see the works of the Howitts, whatever they 
 may be, republished amongst us. Their names have a pleasant 
 sound; their writings are sure to be animated by a kindly, hu 
 mane spirit; and no one can leave them without feeling that he 
 bas been in delightful company." If. Amer. Rev. 
 90S 
 
 699-700. See also the same periodical, xxiv. 674-675 ; 
 xxxviii. 300-301. 
 
 Howldy, Thomas. Electricity; Nic. Jour., 1813-16. 
 Hewlett, Bart. 1. Views in Lincoln, Lon., 1808, 
 imp. 4to. 2. Plan, Ac. of St. Denys, 1811, 4to. 
 
 Hewlett, John, an assumed name of Robert Par 
 sons or Persons, the Jesuit. 
 
 Hewlett, John, Vicar of Great Dunmow, Essex, d. 
 1804, pub. several works on Population, Agriculture, 
 Tithes, Poor-Rates, the Corn Trade, Ac., 1776-1801, for a 
 list of which see Watt's Bibl. Brit, and McCulloch's Lit. 
 of Polit. Econ. 
 
 "All are distinguished by ability, correct information, and 
 good sense." McCuLLOcn : ubi supra. 
 
 Hewlett, Rev. John Henry. 1. Instructions in 
 Reading the Liturgy, Lon., 1826, 8vo. 2. Metrical Chro 
 nology ; 5th ed., Camb., 1855, p. 8vo. Other works. 
 
 Howley, William, D.D., 1765-1848, a native of 
 Ropley, Hampshire, entered of New College, Oxford, 
 1783; elected Fellow, 1785; Canon of Christ Church, 
 1804; Regius Prof, of Divinity, 1809; Bishop of London, 
 1813 ; Archbishop of Canterbury, 1828. His lordship pub. 
 a few Sermons, Charges, Ac., 1802-44. See Lon. Gent. 
 Mag., April, 1848. 
 
 How man, Roger, M.D., of Norwich. Two med. 
 papers in Phil. Trans., 1684, 1724. 
 
 Howorth, Mrs. Haller's Poems in English, 1794. 
 Howorth, Wm. Serms., Lon., 1839, 12mo. Other 
 works. 
 
 Hows, John W. S., b. 1797, in London, England, 
 Prof, of Oratory in Columbia Coll., N. York, from 1843 
 to the present time, 1856. 1. The Shaksperian Reader, 
 N.York, 1846, 12mo; 1849, 12mo. 2. Practical Elocu 
 tionist, 1849, 12mo ; 6th ed., Phila., 1855, 12mo. 
 
 " The Selections evince very great taste and judgment, while 
 the rules laid down by the accomplished editor cannot fail of pro 
 ducing the happiest results. The volume has been adopted as a 
 text-book in Columbia College." CHAS. ANTHON, LL.D. 
 
 Mr. Hows edited The Modern Standard Drama, Ac., 
 and was for seven years dramatic critic of the (N. York) 
 Albion. 
 
 Howse, Isaac. Mayors' Courts, Ac., Lon., 1729, fol. 
 Howship, John. Medical treatises, Lon., 1816, '17. 
 Howson, John, 1556-1631, a native of London, 
 educated at Christ Church, Oxford; Bishop of Oxford, 
 1619; trans, to Durham, 1628. He was the author of a 
 number of scrms. pub. 1597-1661 : and four of his dis 
 courses against the supremacy of St. Peter were pub. in 
 1622, 4to, by order of King James I., "to clear the asper 
 sions laid upon him of favouring popery." See Bliss's 
 Wood's Athen. Oxon. ; Hutchinson's Durham; Fuller's 
 Worthies. 
 
 <; Leaving behind him the character of a very learned man, and 
 one plentifully endowed with all those virtues which were most 
 proper for a bishop." WOOD : ubi supra. 
 
 Howson, John Saul, Principal of the Liverpool 
 Collegiate Institution. 1. Eternal Life through Christ 
 only : Norrisian Prize Essay for 1841, Camb., 1842, 
 8vo. 2. Three Serms. on Good and Bad Habits, Lon., 
 1846, 18mo. 3. Twelve Serms. for Family Reading, 1849, 
 sm. 8vo. 4. Hist, of the Mediterranean : a Lecture, 1849, 
 12mo. 5. Life and Epistles of St. Paul : see CONYBEARE, 
 W. J. Of this most valuable work a new edit, has just 
 appeared, Lon., 1856, 2 vols. sq. cr. 8vo, pp. 1282. 
 
 Howson, Robert, Rector of Stanford-Dingley, 
 Berks, and Lecturer of St. Nicholas Cole-Abbey, London. 
 1. Serni., Jan. 1, 1698, Lon., 4to. 2. Serin., 1703, 8vo. 
 
 Howson, Wm. An Illustrated Guide to the Ca 
 riosities of Craven, Lon., 1850, 12mo. 
 
 Hoxton, Capt. Walter. Agitation of the Magnetic 
 Needle in a Voyage from Maryland; Phil. Trans., 1739. 
 Hoy, James. Paper in Trans. Linn. Soc., 1813. 
 Hoy, Thomas. Essays, and a Poem, 1682, '83. 
 Hoy, Thomas. Papers in Trans. Linn. Soc., 1793, 
 Ac. 
 
 Hoyland, Rev. Mr. 1. Odes, Edin., 1785, 4to. 2. 
 Poems, Strawberry Hill, 1796, 4to. 
 
 Hoyland, John. 1. Epitome of the Hist, of the 
 World. 2. Hist, of the Gypsies, York, 1816, 8vo. 
 
 Hoyle, Charles. Poems, Lon., 1802, '04, '06, Ac. 
 See Edin. Rev., xi. 362. 
 Hoyle, Edmund, 1672-1769, pub. several works on 
 
HOY 
 
 Games, 1744-61, of which there have been many edits. 
 There have been three new edits, pub. in London in the 
 last three years, viz. : 1. 1853, 18mo, improved and en 
 larged by G. H., pub. by Simpkin; 2. 1854, 32mo, pub. 
 by Allman ; 3. 1855, 32mo ; Hoyle's Games made Familiar, 
 by Eidrah Trebor; llth ed., pub. by Ward and Locke. 
 
 Hoyle, John. Dictionary of Music, Lon., 1791, 8vo. 
 
 Hoyle, Thomas, Jr. Pot- Ash j Nic. Jour., 1798. 
 
 Hoyt, E. Antiquarian Researches; or, Hist, of the 
 Indian Wars, Greenfield, Mass. 
 
 Hoyt, J. B. A Pastor's Tribute to his People ; or, 
 Serms. upon various Subjects, Norwich, N. York, 1851, 
 12mo. 
 
 Hoyt, Ralph, Rector of the Episcopal Church of the 
 Good Shepherd, New York, and a native of that city, has 
 gained considerable reputation as a poet, and " golden 
 opinions" by his persevering, self-denying Christian 
 labours. 1. The Chaunt of Life, and other Poems, 1844. 
 2. Part Second of the Chaunt of Life, <fec. 3. Sketches of 
 Life and Landscape, 1859, pub. for the benefit of the author's 
 new church-edifice. Specimens of Mr. Hoyt's poetry will 
 be found in Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America, and 
 in Duyckincks' Cy c. of Amer. Lit. See also Poe's Literati j 
 South. Quar. Rev., xvi. 224; N. Haven Church Rev., i. 274. 
 
 Hoyte, Henry. Conversion of Soils, Lon., 1801, 4to. 
 
 Hubback, Mrs., a niece of Jane Austen, the au 
 thoress, is also known as a successful novelist. 1. The 
 Three Marriages. 2. May and December. 3. The Younger 
 Sister, 1850, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 4. The Wife's Sister; or, 
 The Forbidden Marriage, 1851, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 5. The 
 Old Vicarage, 1856, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 Hubback, John. Treat, on the Evidence of Suc 
 cession to Property and Peerages, Lon., 1844, r. 8vo. An 
 able work. See 2 Law Mag., N. S., 409; 26 Leg. Obs. 
 
 Hubbard, Father. Tales; or, The Ant and the 
 Nightingale, 1604, 4to. Bl. letter. Very rare. Bindley, 
 Pt. 4, 722, 13 10s. ; resold, Perry, Pt. 1, 1858, 10 5s. 
 
 Hubbard, Benj. Navigation, Lon., 1656, 8vo. 
 
 Hubbard, Fordyce M. 1. New ed. of Dr. Jere 
 miah Belknap's American Biography, N. York, 1842, 
 3 vols. 18mo. See a list of contents in Rich's Bibl. Amer. 
 Nova, xi. 363. 2. Life of Wm. R. Davie, Gov. of N. Car 
 olina, pub. in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 2d Sen xv. 1-135. 
 
 Hubbard, Geo. The City Tribute ; or, Honest Effu 
 sions of Love and Liberty, Lon., 1810, 8vo. 
 
 Hubbard, H. Ixion, and other Poems, Bost., 1852, 
 12mo. 
 
 Hubbard, Henry. Serm., Camb., 1750, 4to. 
 
 Hubbard, John, a Dissenting minister. Two Serms. 
 at Coward's Lecture, Lon., 1729, 8vo. Nine of his serms. 
 are in the Berry St. (Coward's Lect.) Serms., 2d ed., 1739, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Hubbard, J. G. 1. Vindication of a Fixed Duty on 
 Corn, <fcc., Lon., 1842, 8vo. 2. The Currency and the 
 Country, 1843, 8vo. 
 
 " A valuable tract in favour of a single bank of issue." McCul- 
 loch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 184. 
 
 Hubbard, J. P. British Marble ; Nic. Jour., 1810. 
 
 Hubbard, Rev. John C., of Surrey, d. 1805. 1. 
 Jacobinism; a Poem. 2. Triumphs of Poesy, 1803. 
 
 Hubbard, Joseph S., b. 1823, at New Haven, Conn., 
 now Prof, of Mathematics in U.S. Navy, has contributed 
 to the Astronomical Journal, (Cambridge, Mass.,) and to 
 other periodicals. 
 
 Hubbard, Leverett, M.D. Hist, of a Gangrene of 
 the Scrotum ; Memoirs Med., 1792. 
 
 Hubbard, William. The Tragicall and Lamentable 
 Historic of two faythfull Mates Ceyx, Kyngeof Thrachine, 
 and Alcione his Wife, drawen into English Meeter, Lon., 
 1569, 16mo. See Golding's trans, of the Xlth Book of 
 Ovid's Metamorphoses; Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet. ; 
 Ritson's Bibl. Poet. 
 
 Hubbard, William, 1621-1704, minister of Ipswich, 
 Mass., graduated at Harvard College in the first plass, 
 1642. 1. Election Serm., Bost., 1676: an excellent pro 
 duction. 2. A Narrative of the Troubles with the Indians 
 from 1607-77, with a Discourse, 1677, 4to. With a map 
 of New England: now often wanting in copies. (See 
 Rich's Cat. of Books, 1500-1600, p. 102.) Lon., 1677, sm. 
 8vo; Worcester, Mass., 1801, 8vo. 3. Fast Serm., 1682. 
 4. Funl. Discourse on Gen. Denison, 1684. 5. A Testimony 
 to the order of the Gospel in the Churches of N. England, 
 1701; with Mr. Higginson. Hubbard left in MS. A General 
 Hist, of N. England from the Discovery to 1680, which 
 was pub. by the Mass. Hist. Soc., Camb., 1815, 8vo, pp. 
 676. For the preparation of this history the State paid 
 him 50. For much of the most important portion of the 
 
 HUD 
 
 earlier annals he was indebted to Winthrop's MS. Jour 
 nal ; and Hubbard's MS., in turn, was of great service to 
 Mather, Prince, Hutchinson, Holmes, Ac. : 
 
 "To style, indeed, Hubbard has in this work afforded little at 
 tention, or rather has employed several modes of composition in 
 his different chapters, here dilating in a careful examination of 
 events and discussion of principles, there confining himself to the 
 most meagre manner of the humblest diary. But his skill may 
 be ascertained from his election sermon, [1676.] which no work 
 of the two next generations surpassed. . . . Hubbard's claims as 
 the historian of the great war of 1675-76 are universally acknow 
 ledged, for three editions have made his Indian Wars well known." 
 JAMES SAVAGE, Pratt of the Mass. Hist. Soc.; N. Amer. Rev., ii. 
 221-230. 
 
 " In a word, he is learned without ostentation and vanity, and 
 gives all his productions such a delicate turn and grace, (as is 
 seen in his printed Sermons and History of the Indian Wars.) 
 that the features and lineaments of the Child make a clear dis 
 covery and distinction of the Father : yet is he a man of singular 
 modesty, of strict morals, and has done as much for the conver 
 sion of the Indians as most men in England." John Dunton's 
 Life and Errors, ed. 1818, i. 133-134, q.v. for a favourable ac 
 count of the worthy divine's love of hospitality and good books. 
 
 See also Hutchinson; Holmes; Hist. Collec. of Mass. 
 
 Hubbell, Martha Stone, 1814-1856, a native of 
 Oxford, Conn., and a daughter of Noah Stone, M.D., was 
 married to the Rev. Stephen Hubbell in 1832. At the time 
 of her decease she was a resident of North Stonington, 
 Conn. Mrs. Hubbell wrote a number of Children's Stories 
 for the American and Mass. Sunday-School Union, and 
 the following work, of which 40,000 copies were sold within 
 a year after its publication : The Shady Side ; or, Life in 
 a Country Parsonage, by a Pastor's Wife, Bost., 1853, 
 12mo. 
 
 "Life in a Country Parsonage in the States appears to be as 
 pretty a martyrdom as the world has now to show." Lon. Athen 
 aeum, 1853, p. 616. 
 
 Hubbert, Thomas. A Pill to purge Formality, Lon., 
 1650, sm. 8vo. 
 
 Hubberthorne, Richard. 1. A True Testimony of 
 the Zeal of Oxford Professors and University Men, Lon., 
 1654, 4to. 2. A Collection of his several Books and Writ 
 ings, Lon., 1663, 4to. 
 
 Hubbocke, Wm. 1. Serm., Lon., 1595, 8vo. 2. Ora r 
 tion gratulatorie to K. James, Oxf., 1604, 4to. King and 
 LocheVs, in 1814, 5 15s. 6d. Reprinted from the copy in 
 the Bodleian Library, in Nichols's Progresses of K. James. 
 
 Hubert, Sir Francis. 1. Historie of Edward II., 
 Lon., 1628, '29, 8vo. This epic poem, ^according to the 
 Bibl. Anglo-Poet., (q. v.,) was written by Richard Hubert, 
 and Sir Francis, his brother, was only the editor of the 
 2d edit. 2. Egypt's Favourite ; a Poem, 1631, 8vo. Seo 
 Bibl. Anglo-Poet.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; Lon. Gent. 
 Mag., 1824. 
 
 Hubert, J., or Huberts, A. Corner-Stone towards 
 a new seat of Physicians in London, Lon., 1675, 4to. 
 
 Hubert, or Forges, Robert. Catalogue of many 
 Natural Rarities, Lon., 1664, '65, 12mo. See an account 
 of this collection (destroyed in the great fire of 1666) in 
 Hawkins's Hist, of Music, iv. 378. 
 
 Hubly, Barnard, of Pennsylvania. Hist, of the 
 American Revolution. 
 
 Huch, Richard, M.D., Physician to the Army, d. 
 1785. Papers in Med. Obs. and Inq., 1767. 
 
 Huckell, Rev. John. Avon; a Poem, 1811, 12mo. 
 
 Hucks, J. 1. Pedestrian Tour through North Wales, 
 Lon., 1795, 12mo. 2. Poems, 1798, 12mo. 
 
 Huddart, Capt. Joseph, 1741-1816, pub. A Sketch 
 of the Straits of Gasper, Lon., 1788, 8vo, several charts, 
 and papers in Phil. Trans, and Nic. Jour., 1777-1805. A 
 Memoir of Capt. H. was privately printed in 1821, 4to. 
 
 Huddesford, G. Reply to a Pamphlet in Defence 
 of the Rector, <fcc. of Exeter College, Oxf., 1655, 4to. 
 
 Huddesford, George, a humorous poet. 1. Topsy- 
 Turvy : Anecdotes, Ac., Lon., 1790, 8vo. 2. Salmagundi : 
 Original Poems, 1793, 8vo. 3. Poems; including Salma 
 gundi, Topsy-Turvy, Bubble and Squeak, and Crambe Re- 
 petita, with Corrections and original Addits., 1801, 2 vols. 
 8vo. See Lon. Month. Rev., xxxviii. 272-27.6. 4. Lea 
 Champignons du Diable, or Imperial Mushrooms ; a Mock- 
 Heroic Poem in five Cantos, 1805, 12mo. 5. Wiccamical 
 Chaplet: a Selection of Original Poetry, 1805, cr. 8vo; 
 Lowndes says 1804, cr. 8vo. Many of these pieces are by 
 the editor. The title Wiccamical denotes the fact that the 
 contributors were educated at Winchester School, which 
 was founded by William of Wickham. 
 
 " The Wiccamical effusions manifest great sportiveness of genius, 
 and no inconsiderable portion of that 'Broadgrin' which in the 
 present age is preferred to merely elegant poetry." Lon. Month. 
 Rev., xlix. 201-205, q. v.. 
 
 Huddesford, Wm., D.D., d. 1772, Principal of Trin. 
 Coll., Oxf. 1. Catalogus Librorum manuscriptorum Viri 
 
HUD 
 
 HUG 
 
 clarissimi Antonio a Wood, Oxf., 1761, 8vo. 2. Martini 
 Lister, M.D., Historic, sive Synopsis Conchylionum et Ta- 
 bularum Anatotnicarum ; Editio altera, <fcc., Oxf., 1770, fol. 
 3. Lives of Leland, Hearne, Anthony a Wood, <fcc., 1772, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Huddleston, John. Infant Baptism, Lon., 1769, 8vo. 
 
 Huddleston, John. Speech in H. of Commons, 
 1805, 8vo. 
 
 Huddleston, Lawrence. Boats; Nic. Jour., 1703. 
 
 Huddleston, Robert, 1776-1827, a Scotch anti 
 quary. New ed. of Toland's Hist of the Druids, Mon- 
 trose, 1814, 8vo. 
 
 Huddleston, Win., Rector of Navenden, Kent, for 
 merly a Benedictine monk. Serm. [Recantation] on 1 Kings 
 xxii. 21, 22, Lon., 1729, 8vo. 
 
 Huddleston, Win., Vicar of Tirley, Gloucestershire. 
 Divine Truths Vindicated in the Ch. of Eng., Lon., 1733, 
 8vo. 
 
 Hudleston, Richard, a Benedictine monk. A Short 
 and Plain Way to the Faith and Church; with Charles II.'s 
 Papers found in his Closet after his Death, Lon., 1688, 4to. 
 
 Hudley, George. Trade Winds; Phil. Trans., 1735. 
 
 Hudson, Mrs. See DONAT, MRS. 
 
 Hudson, Rev. Charles, and Edward Shirley 
 Kennedy. Where there's a Will there's a Way : an As 
 cent of Mont Blanc by a New Route, and without Guides, 
 Lon., 1856, p. 8vo. Commended by the Lon. Athenaeum; 
 and see also Westm. Rev., Oct. 1856. 
 
 Hudson, F. Monumental Brasses of Northampton 
 shire, Lon., 1853, imp. fol. 90 engravings executed in 
 bronze, being a new process, presenting fac-similes of the 
 brasses described. 
 
 Hudson, Henry, an eminent English navigator, 
 respecting whom particulars will be found in the authori 
 ties cited below, whilst returning, in the spring of 1611, 
 from the discovery of the bay which bears his name, was 
 set adrift in a shallop, with his son and seven sailors, by 
 his mutinous crew. They were never heard from again. 
 1. Divers Voyages and Northern Discoveries, 1607. 2. A 
 Second Voyage for finding a Passage to the East Indies 
 by the North-East, 1608. See Purchas's Pilgrimes, vol. iii. ; 
 Descriptio ac Delineatio geographica Detectionis Freti, 
 sive Transitos ad Occasum, supra Terras Americanas, 
 Amst., 1612, 4to; Life of Hudson, in Biog. Brit., iv. 2691- 
 2695 ; do., by Henry R. Cleveland, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 
 1st Ser., x. 185-261. A Life of Hudson, for juvenile readers, 
 by the Rev. Francis L. Hawks, D.D., has been recently pub. 
 by D. Appleton & Co., of New York. Respecting Hudson's 
 explorations, accounts will be found in several of the au 
 thorities noted by us in our life of Sir John Franklin in 
 this Dictionary. 
 
 " The heroic but unfortunate Hudson : one of the brightest 
 names in the history of English maritime adventure." -Etfwxzrd 
 Everett's Oration on occasion of the, Inauguration of the Dudley As* 
 tronomical Observatory at Albany, Aug. 28, 1856. 
 
 Hudson, Henry. The Hours : in Four Idylls, 1818, 
 8vo. 
 
 Hudson, Henry Norman, b. Jan. 28, 1814, in Corn 
 wall, Addison county, Vermont, graduated at Middlebury 
 Coll., 1840 ; ordained a clergyman of the Protestant Episco 
 pal Church, by Bishop Whittingham, in Trinity Church, N. 
 York, 1849. 1. Lectures on Shakspeare, N. York, 1848, 2 
 vols. 12mo ; 2d ed. in same year. These admirable lectures 
 were delivered, in 1843 and several following years, in the 
 principal cities of the United States. See N. Amer. Rev., 
 Ixvii. 84, (by E. P. Whipple ;) Chris. Exam., xlv. 303, (by 
 C. A. Bartol;) Amer. Whig Rev., viii. 39, (by G. W. Peck;) 
 Amer. Lit. Mag., ii. 387; Democratic Rev., xvi. 412. 2. 
 The Works of William Shakspeare: The Text carefully 
 restored according to the First Editions; with Introduc 
 tions, Notes, Original and Selected, and a Life of the Poet, 
 Munroe & Co., Bost., 1851-56, 11 vols. 16mo. As regards 
 size and print, this edition is modelled upon the favourite 
 one in England known as the Chiswick Edition. It con 
 tains all the Plays, Poems, and Sonnets of Shakspeare. 
 We have several commendations before us of Mr. Hudson's 
 editorial labours, but have space for the following only : 
 
 " There is every probability that as soon as Mr. Hudson's Shak- 
 speare becomes known, as it well deserves to be, in this country, 
 it will meet with no inconsiderable amount of patronage here." 
 JVew (London) Quarterly Review. 
 
 "Mr. Verplanck has brought the treasures of a various and re 
 condite learning, with no common share of critical sagacity to 
 the illustration of Shakspeare. Following in the same direction 
 but striking out a new path, Mr. Hudson has enriched the litera 
 ture of our language with the fruits of his studies, mastering the 
 difficulties of the poet with wonderful ingenuity, seizing the 
 spirit of his characterization with kindred subtlety, and, in a sin 
 gularly nervous and racy style, presenting some of the finest spe 
 
 cimens of critical analysis of which any modern writer can 
 
 Mr. Hudson has been a contributor to the Church Re 
 view, the American Whig Review, and the Democratic 
 Review, and in 1850 pub. a Serm. entitled Old Wine in 
 Old Bottles. In 1857 he originated and edited the Ame 
 rican Church Monthly, pub. in N. York. 
 
 Hudson, J. C. 1. Plain Directions for Making Wills; 
 4th ed., 1838, fp. 8vo ; 9th ed. pub. -2. Executor's Guide, 
 Lon., 1838, fp. 8vo. New ed., 1854, fp. 8vo. 3. Tables 
 for Valuing Annuities, <fcc.; 2d ed., 1842, 8vo. 4. Parent's 
 Handbook, 1842, fp. 8vo. Mr. Hudson's works are of 
 great value. 
 
 Hudson, J. W. History of Education, Lon., 1851,8vo. 
 
 Hudson, John, 1662-1719, a native of Cumberland, 
 educated at Queen's Coll., Oxf., is known by his excellent 
 edits, of Thucydides, Oxon., 1696, fol. ; Minor Greek 
 Geographers, 1698-1712, 4 vols. 8vo, and in 6 vols. 8vo; 
 Dionysius Halicarnassus, 1704, 2 vols. fol.; Esop's Fables, 
 1718, Svo; Josephus, 1720, 2 vols. fol.; and other works. 
 See Biog. Brit.; Anthony Hall's preface to the Josephus; 
 Athen. Oxon. ; Dibdin's Greek and Latin Classics ; Dib- 
 din's Lib. Comp. ; Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, ed. 1854, 
 iii. 251 ; H. G. Bohn's Genl. Cat,, 1848, Pt. 2, 522, 539 ; 
 Lon. Gent. Mag. for 1734, vol. iv. 553. 
 
 Hudson, Joseph. Six Years' Residence in Hud 
 son's Bay, 1733-36 and 1744-47, Lon., 1752, Svo. A good 
 book. 
 
 Hudson, Michael. Government, Lon., 1647, Svo. 
 
 Hudson, Richard. Land-Valuer's Assistant, Lon., 
 1781, 12rno. 
 
 Hudson, Samuel. 1. Visible Catholick Church, 
 Lon., 1645, 4to. 2. Vindication of the same, 1650, 4to. 
 
 Hudson, Thomas. The Historic of Judith, in 
 forme of a Poeme. Trans, from Du Bartas, Lon., 1584, 
 8vo; 1611, 4to. Some extracts from his poems will be 
 found in England's Parnassus. See Brydges's Phillips's 
 Theat. Poet. Anglic., 220; Drake's Shakspeare and his 
 Times. 
 
 Hudson, Thomas. Odes, 1759, '61, '65. 
 
 Hudson, W. E., d. 1853. 1. Statute Law of Ireland 
 and Eng., Dubl., 1829, Svo. 
 
 " A learned and admirable treatise." 1 Leg. Rep. 244. 
 
 2. Elective Franchise, Dubl., 1832, 12mo. 3. In con 
 junction with John Brooke, Irish K. B. and Excheq. Re 
 ports, 1827-28, vol. i. and 3 Pts. of vol. ii., Dubl., 1829-35. 
 
 Hudson, Wm., 1730 ?-1793, a native of Westmore 
 land, was one of the first English botanists who adopted 
 the Linnaean System. Flora Anglica, Lon., 1762, Svo. 
 Greatly improved, 1778, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Hues, Robert. Tractatus de Globis, &c., 1611-63. 
 
 Huggan, A., M.D. Con. to Med. and Phys. Jour., 
 1799, 1800. 
 
 Huggard, or Hoggard, Miles, pub. several poeti 
 cal and other works in defence of the R. Catholic faith, 
 1548-57. See Ritson's Bibl. Poet.; Warton's Hist, of 
 Eng. Poet. ; Brydges's Brit. Bibliog. ; Lowndes's Bibl. 
 Man., 979 ; Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 1032. 
 
 Hugget, Anthony. Serm., Lon., 1615, 4to. 
 
 Huggins, Wm., d. 1761. Part of Orlando Furioso; 
 from the Italian, Lon., 1758, Svo. 
 
 Hugh, Abbot of Reading, d. 1164, a native of France, 
 who resided in England during part of the reign of Henry 
 I., is chiefly known as a writer by a treatise on theology, 
 in seven books, which 
 
 "Exhibits much profundity of thought and metaphysical 
 learning." WrigM's Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo-Norman Period, q. v. 
 
 Some of Hugh's writings have been published. 
 
 Hugh de Rutland, a poet temp. Richard L, accord 
 ing to M. de la Rue, dwelt at Credenhill, in Cornwall. 
 His best-known poem is the Romance of Ipornedon, of 
 which he wrote a continuation, entitled the Romance of 
 Prothesilaus. The first (MS. in the Brit. Mus.) extends 
 to upwards of 10,000 lines, and the latter (MS. in the 
 Royal Lib. at Paris) extends to nearly 11,000 lines. See 
 Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit, Anglo-Norman Period. 
 
 Hughe, Wm., d. 1549, one of the English Reformers, 
 educated at Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf. 1. The Troubled 
 Man's Medicine, Lon., 1546, '67, 16mo. Another ed., 
 16mo, . a., sed circ. 1558? 2. A Sweet Consolation, and 
 the second booke of The Troubled Man's Medicine, 1567, 
 Svo. See British Reformers, vol. xi. 
 
 Hughes. Commentary on the Books of Genesis, 
 Exodus, Leviticus, Psalms to Zachariah, and the wholo 
 of the N. Test., 1851, 5 vols. 12mo. In the Welsh lan 
 guage. This has been styled 
 
 ' The most extensive and best Welsh Commentary extant." 
 
HUG 
 
 Hughes, Mrs. Poems, novels, and dramas, 1784-90. 
 Hughes, Benj. 1. Simon Magus; a Poem, Lon., 
 1774, 4to. 2. Epistle to Junius, 1774, 4to. 
 
 Hughes, Charles. The Corapleat Horseman, 1772. 
 Hughes, D. Law rel. to Insurances, Lon., 1828, 8vo ; 
 1st Amer. ed., N. York, 1833, 8vo. 
 
 " A plain, methodical, and correct Treatise." 3 Kent, 351, n. 
 Hughes, Edward, Head-Master of the Royal Naval 
 Lower School, Greenwich Hospital, has pub. a number 
 of valuable educational works on Geography, History, 
 Arithmetic, Reading, &c., Lon., 1848-56. 
 
 Hughes, George, 1603-1667, a native of Southwark, 
 educated at Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf., and Fellow of 
 Pembroke Coll., Lecturer of Allhallows, London, and 
 subsequently minister of Tavistock, during the Rebellion 
 obtained the living of St. Andrews, Plymouth, from which 
 he was ejected for Non-conformity in 1662. He pub. a 
 Serm., 1647, three theolog. treatises, 1644, 68, '70, and 
 An Analytical Expos, of Genesis and of XXIII. Chapters 
 of Exodus, (Plymouth,) 1672, fol. 
 
 " A very elaborate and curious work : it is not of common oc 
 currence." Hornets Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Hughes, Griffith, minister of St. Lacy's Parish, 
 Barbadoes. 1. Natural Hist, of Barbadoes, Lon., 1750, fol. 
 "Instead of the crude, Irregular descriptions of this author, 
 the naturalist is to be punctual, exact, and express. ... As to 
 his talents for natural history, it was an unlucky mistake in him 
 to suppose them such as could enable him to go through so ardu 
 ous a task as the history of the products of a whole island, though 
 a very small one." Lon. Month. Rev., July, 1750, 197-206. 
 See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, i. 97. 
 2. Of a Zoophyton resembling the flower of the Mari 
 gold ; Phil. Trans., 1743. 
 
 Hughes, H. Retribution, and other Poems, Lon., 
 1798, 8vo. 
 
 Hughes, H. G. Practice of the Ct. of Chan, in Ire 
 land, Dubl., 1837, 8vo. Of little value. See 1 Leg. Rep., 17. 
 Hughes, H. H. Beauties of Cambria, Lon., ob. 4to. 
 Hughes, H. M., M.D., Assistant Physician to Guy's 
 Hospital. A Clinical Introduction to the Practice of 
 Auscultation, Lon., 1845, 12mo; 2d ed., improved, 1854, 
 12mo; 2d Amer. from the 2d Lon. ed., Phila., 1854, 12mo. 
 " Embodying the existing state of our knowledge, and alike 
 free from dogmatism or assumption, we recognise in its precepts 
 the efforts of a practical physician, fully competent, and equally 
 anxious, to forward science by dispassionately discussing truth." 
 Dublin Quar. Journal of Med. Science. 
 
 Hughes, Henry, Curate of Great Linford, Bucks. 
 Serm., Lon., 1833, 12mo. Other works. 
 
 Hughes, Henry, Perpetual Curate of All-Saints, 
 Gordon-Square. 1. The Voice of the Anglican Church ; 
 being the declared opinions of her Bishops on the Doc 
 trines of the Oxford Tract Writers ; with an Introductory 
 Essay, Lon., 1842, 12mo. The prelates cited are, The 
 Archbishops of Canterbury, Armagh, Dublin, and Cashel ; 
 the Bishops of Winchester, Durham, London, Exeter, 
 Bristol, Chester, Hereford, Ripon, Worcester, Salisbury, 
 Oxford, Llandaff, Down and Connor, and Calcutta. 2. 
 Congregational Psalmody, 1843, 12mo. 
 
 Hughes, Hugh, D.D., Rector of St. John's, Clerken- 
 well, London. Female Characters of Holy Writ ; in a 
 Course of Serms.: 1st Ser., 1845, 12mo; 2d Ser., 1846, 
 12mo ; 3d Ser., 1847, 12mo. 
 
 " Many Christian women will doubtless thank Dr. Hughes for 
 having led them to dwell more thoughtfully on those parts of 
 Scripture specially intended for their instruction." Lon. Chris 
 tian Ladies' Mag. 
 
 "They are highly instructive, models of popular teaching; 
 and we scarcely know a book better adapted to family reading." 
 Brit. Quar. Rev. 
 
 Hughes, J. G. Sketch of the Philosophy of Pusey- 
 ism, Lon., 1844, 8vo. 
 
 Hughes, Jabez, 1685-1731, a younger brother of 
 John Hughes, the poet, (1677-1720,) pub. trans, from 
 Claudian, Lucan, Suetonius, and Cervantes, 1714, '17, '23, 
 '29. His Miscellanies, in Verse and Prose, were pub., 
 Lon., 1737, 8vo. See Nichols's Select Collection of Poems; 
 Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Hughes, James. Kentucky Supreme Ct. Reports, 
 1785-1801, Lexington, 1803, 4to. 
 
 Hughes, James. 1. Practice in Civil Actions under 
 the Code of Indiana, Gin., 1856. 2. Manual for Executors 
 and Administrators in Indiana, 1856. 3. Statutes of In 
 diana; a newly-revised ed., 1856. 4. In conjunction 
 with David McDonald and Albert G. Porter, A Digest of 
 the Decisions of the Supreme Ct. of Indiana from its 
 organization to the present time; being a Digest of the 
 8 vols. of Blackford's Reps, and of the first 6 vols. of In 
 diana Reports. (The above four works are announced as 
 In press by H. W. Derby & Co. of Cincinnati, May, 1856.) 
 
 HUG 
 
 Hughes, John, 1677-1720, a native of Marlborough, 
 a contributor to The Tatler, Spectator, and Guardian, and 
 the author of the whole or the principal part of the Essays, 
 Discourses, &c, of the Lay Monk, (2d ed., 1714, 12ino,) a 
 sequel to the Spectator, has lost the poetical reputation 
 which he enjoyed. He was educated at a Dissenters' 
 Academy in London, and subsequently held a place in 
 the Office of Ordnance, and was Secretary to the Com 
 missioners for the purchasing of lands for the royal dock 
 yards. Later in life he was Secretary to the Commis 
 sioners of the Peace. 1. Poem on the Peace of Kyswick, 
 1697. 2. The Court of Neptune, 1699. 3. Ode on the 
 Death of K. William, 1702. 4. Ode in Praise of Music, 
 1703, 4to. 5. Spenser's Works, with Life, &c., 1715, 6 vols. 
 12mo. 6. The Siege of Damascus ; a Tragedy, 1720, 8vo. 
 The author died on the same night that this piece was 
 first performed with great applause. 7. Poems and Prose 
 Essays, 1735, 2 vols. 12mo; Posth. He trans. Fontenelle's 
 Dialogues of the Dead, and Discourse concerning the An 
 cients and Moderns, the Abbe" Vertot's Hist, of the Revo 
 lutions in Portugal, Letters of Abelard and Heloisa, and 
 wrote the preface to the Complete Hist, of England, 1706, 
 3 vols. fol. His Correspondence was pub. by the Rev. J. 
 Duncombe, with Notes, 1772, 3 vols. 12mo; 2d ed., 1773, 
 3 vols. p. 8vo. As a translator, Hughes is entitled to con 
 siderable credit: of his original efforts The Siege of Da 
 mascus is the only piece by which he is now known to the 
 reading public. Addison thought so highly of Hughes's 
 dramatic abilities that he begged him to write the fifth Act 
 of Cato: 
 
 " Hughes was very capable of writing this fifth Ant. The Siege 
 of Damascus is a better tragedy than Cato, though Pope affected 
 to speak slightingly of its author." DR. JOSEPH WARTON : Note to 
 Pope's Prologue to Cato. 
 
 " He [Hughes] is too grave a poet for me, and, I think, among 
 the Mediocrists in prose as well as verse." Swift to Pope. 
 
 " What he wanted in genius, he made up as an honest man ; 
 but he was of the class you think him." Pope to Swift. 
 
 Dr. Johnson, who in his life of Hughes quotes the above, 
 (and more of the same correspondence,) avoids giving any 
 opinion respecting the literary merits of his author; but it 
 is easy to perceive that he agrees with the estimate he 
 cites. An eminent critic, in his comments upon the merits 
 of our author, remarks : 
 
 " The only piece, however, which can with any propriety claim 
 for Hughes the appellation of a poet, is The Siege of Damascus. 
 Of this Drama, which is still occasionally acted, the sentiments 
 and morality are pure and correct, the imagery frequently beauti 
 ful, and the diction and versification for the most part clear and 
 melodious. It is defective, notwithstanding, in the most essential 
 quality of dramatic composition, the power of affecting the pas 
 sions ; and is, therefore, more likely to afford pleasure in the closet 
 than on the stage. . . . Hughes has more merit as a translator of 
 
 poetry than as an original poet. ... On the prose of Hughes I am 
 inclined to bestow more praise than on his poetry. . . . All the 
 periodical essays of Hughes are written in a style which is, in 
 general, easy, correct, and elegant: they occasionally exhibit wit 
 and humour; and they uniformly tend to inculcate the best pre 
 cepts, moral, prudential, and religious." Drake's Essays ittustra- 
 tive of the Tatler, Spectator, and Guardian, (vol. iii. 26-50.) q.v. for 
 an account of Hughes's share in these periodicals ; and see the Pre 
 faces to the various edits, of these works. 
 
 In addition to authorities cited above, see Life of Dun- 
 combe, in Biog. Brit. ; Spence's Anecdotes ; Chalmers's 
 Biog. Diet. ; Index to Lon. Gent. Mag. 
 
 Hughes, John, 1682-1710, a Fellow of Jesus College, 
 Camb. 1. Dissertationes in quibus auctoritas Ecclesiastica 
 quatenus a civili sit distincta, defenditur, contra Erastianos, 
 Camb., 1710, 8vo. In English, by Hilk. Bedford, Lon., 
 1711, 8vo. 2. St. Chrysostom's Treat, on the Priesthood, 
 Camb., 1710, 8vo; 2d ed., with Notes, <fcc., 1712, 8vo. See 
 Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 535-537, 815. 
 
 " A learned hand." BP. ATTERBURY. 
 
 See Lysons's Environs; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. xlviii.; 
 Nichols's Atterbury. 
 
 Hughes, John. Serm., <fec., 1803, '04, both 8vo. 
 
 Hughes, John, the "Buller of Brazennose," (though 
 really of Oriel,) celebrated in Wilson's Christopher in the 
 Tent, was the author of an Itinerary of Provence and the 
 Rhone during 1819, (1822, 8vo, 1829, 8vo,) and poetical and 
 other compositions. The literary merits of Hughes are 
 depicted in glowing terms by Miss Mitford in her Recol 
 lections ; and a still greater authority has lavished his en 
 comiums upon the Itinerary : 
 
 " A poet, a draughtsman, and a scholar, who gives such an ani 
 mated description of Chateau Qrignan, the dwelling of Madame 
 de SSvigne's beloved daughter, that no one who has ever read the 
 book would be within forty miles of the same without going a pil 
 grimage to the spot." SIR WALTER SCOTT. 
 
 This work contains thirteen good etchings by the author; 
 and a set of Views in Provence and on the Rhone, r. 4to, 
 illustrative of the Itinerary, was engraved by W. B. Cooko. 
 
HUG 
 
 HUI 
 
 Was not bis Prorence and the Rhone almost the only book 
 ever praised in the Waverley Novels? [in Quentin Durward.] D*es 
 not he contrive in bis journals to make his pen do double duty as 
 Bketcher and writer ?" Miss MITFORD : ubi supra. 
 
 Hughes, the Most Rev. John, D.D., Archbishop 
 of the Roman Catholic Church in New York, b. in the North 
 of Ireland, 1798, came to America in 1817, was educated 
 at the College of Mount St. Mary, Emmetsburg, Maryland ; 
 ordained in 1825, and shortly afterwards appointed pastor 
 of a church in Philadelphia; Bishop-administrator of the 
 Diocese of New York, 1838 ; Archbishop of the R. C. Church 
 in New York, 1850. He has pub. a number of Sermons, 
 Lectures, Ac., principally in defence of his ecclesiastical 
 tenets. His discussion with the Rev. Dr. Breckinridge, a 
 Presbyterian divine, on the R. C. Religion, was pub. Phila., 
 1836, 8vo, his Controversy with Senator Brooks on the pro 
 prietorship of Church property, N. York, 1855, 12mo, and 
 his Review of the Letters of Kirwan, 1855, 32mo. 
 
 Hughes, Joseph. Serm., Ac., Lon., 1802, '04. 
 
 Hughes, Joseph, Sec. to the Brit, and For. Bible Soc. 
 Funl. Serm. on the Rev. John Owen, one of the Secretaries 
 of the Brit, and For. Bible Soc., on Ps. xxxiv. 13, Lon., 
 1822, 8vo. See a Memoir of Mr. Hughes by the Rev. J. 
 Leifchild, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 "What a loss would dear Mr. Hughes be to the Bible Society, 
 and to the religious world in general ! I am quite of opinion with 
 you, that the admirable temper and prudence of Mr. Hughes have 
 been as serviceable as the more brilliant talents of Mr. Owen : both 
 admirable men, par nobile fratrum." Rev. Robert Hall to Rev. 
 James Phillips, Leicester, March 6, 1818 : Hall's Works, ed. Lon., 
 1863, v. 517-518. 
 
 Hughes, J. T. Politics of England and France at 
 the close of 1797, Lon., 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Hughes, Lewis. Theolog., Ac. works, Lon., 1615-42. 
 
 Hughes, Michael. Rebellion of 1745, 8vo, 1746, '47. 
 
 Hughes, Obadiah, D.D., 1695-1744, a Dissenting 
 minister at Westminster. Serms., 1722-46. 
 
 Hughes, R. E. Two Summer Cruises with the Baltic 
 Fleet in 1854-55; being the Log of the Pet; with Views 
 and Charts, Lon., 1855, p. 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. H. tells us at first-hand of Bomarsund and Sveaborg. He 
 sketches sea and coast life, and appears to be a man whose attain 
 ments fit him for the business." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 Hughes, Capt. R. M. Duties of Judge-Advocates, 
 Lon., 1855, 8vo. 
 
 Hughes, Rice. Serms., Ac., 1790-1803. 
 
 Hughes, Richard, Surgeon. 1. Hernia; Med. Com., 
 1792. 2. Diarrhoea; Med. Facts, 1795. 
 
 Hughes, Mrs. S. Friendly Visits from, the Muse; 
 or, The Consolations of Solitude, 1810, 8vo. 
 
 Hughes, Samuel. See COVENTRY, THOMAS, No. 3; 
 HARRISON, S. B., No. 2. The Index of the two former and 
 the Digest of the last form a complete Digest of English 
 Common Law Reports. 
 
 Hughes, T., Surgeon. Papers in Med. Facts, 1792. 
 
 Hughes, T. B. 1. Rep. of Case the King v. Bebb, 
 Ac., Lon., 1811, 8vo. 2. Friendly Loan Societies, 1841, 
 12mo. 
 
 Hughes, T. M. 1. Revelations of Spain in 1845; 
 2d ed., Lon., 1845, 2 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 "The work recently published in London, entitled Revelations 
 of Spain, contains a most interesting account of the events from 
 the fell of Espartero to the present day, which are appreciated in 
 a manner worthy of the subject and of a free and enlightened 
 country." Eco del Comercio, of Madrid. 
 
 2. The Ocean Flower; a Poem : Preceded by an Hist, and 
 Descrip. Account of the Island of Madeira, 1845, 12mo. 
 
 u We can cordially recommend it to all who are interested in 
 the island of Madeira, as being the pleasantest book hitherto 
 written on this 'Flower of the Ocean and Gem of the Sea.'" Lon. 
 New Quar. Rev. 
 
 3. The Biliad; or, How to Criticize; 3d ed., 1846, fp. 
 8vo. 4. Iberia Won ; a Poem, 1847, p. 8vo. 5. Revela 
 tions of Portugal, and Narrative of an Overland Journey 
 to Lisbon ; 2d ed., 1847, 2 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 "Mr. Hughes's volumes are full of entertainment, and contain 
 much valuable information on the real state of the Peninsula." 
 Britannia. 
 
 . Portuguese Perfidy Exposed, 1848, Svo. 
 
 Hughes, Thomas. Arthur; a Trag., Lon., 1587, 
 Svo. 
 
 Hughes, Thomas. The Ascension; a Poetical 
 Essay, Lon., 1780, 4to. 
 
 Hughes, Thomas Smart, D.D., became Preb. of 
 Peterborough in 1827. 1. Belshazzar's Feast; a Seatonian 
 Prize Poem, 1813. 2. Travels in Sicily, Greece, and Al 
 bania, Lon., 1820, 2 vols. 4to, with fifteen Maps and 
 Plates, 5 5s. New ed., 1830, 2 vols. Svo, 1 4s. In this 
 edit, the large plates are omitted. See Lon. Lit. Gaz., 
 1830, pp. 620-622. 
 
 " Classical, antiquarian, and descriptive of the state of society, 
 political, civil, religious, and domestic ; bearing marks of much 
 
 information and enquiry, a sound judgment and good education." 
 Stevenson's Voyages and Travels. 
 
 3. Divines of the Church of England, with Summaries 
 of their Discourses, Notes, Lives, Ac., 22 vols. sin. Svo : 
 pub. by A. J. Valpy. 
 
 " No divine, no student, nay. no gentleman, should be without 
 It. No work is at present more needed, or more likely to secure 
 at once the extensive circulation that it deserves." Lnn. Sun. 
 
 4. Hist, of England, from the Accession of George III. 
 to the Accession of Victoria, 1760-1837; being a Con 
 tinuation of Hume and Smollett, 1836, 7 vols. Svo, 10s. 
 &d. each. Again, 1847, 7 vols. Svo, 10s. 6rf. each. New 
 ed., with the author's last Corrections and Improvements, 
 1856, 7 vols. Svo, 10s. 6rf. each ; also in cr. Svo, 4s. each. The 
 new ed. of the History of England just pub. (1856) by Bell 
 and Daldy, Fleet St., London, in 18 vols. cr. Svo, 4s. each, 
 is thus arranged : vols. i.-vi., Hume's portion ; vols. vii.- 
 xi., Smollett's portion ; vols. xii.-xviii., Hughes's portion. 
 The edit. (Valpy's, also pub. by Mr. Bell) which preceded 
 this in 1848, Ac. is in 21 vols. Svo, 5s. each; viz. : Hume, 
 i.-viii. ; Smollett, ix.-xiii.; Hughes, xiv.-xxi. There 
 was also an edit, in 1854, 18 vols. Svo. Of the above edits, 
 either portion can be had separately. 
 
 " Mr. Hughes's undertaking was one of no mean difficulty. He 
 has, however, executed his task in a way equally honourable to 
 his understanding and his industry ; and the result is, an im 
 partial and critical history of one of the most important epochs 
 of ancient or modern times." Lon. Monthly Mag. 
 
 "The author appears moderate and impartial as regards opi 
 nions. He seems to have sought after his facts and information 
 with pains-taking industry, and to have combined his materials 
 with sufficient skill ; whilst his narrative carries us smoothly and 
 quietly along without excitement, without weariness." Lvn. 
 Spectator. 
 
 5. An Essay on the Political System of Europe : its 
 Connexion with the Government of G. Britain, and the 
 General Policy of the European States, 1855, 12mo. Pre 
 fixed to this vol. is a Memoir of Dr. Hughes's ecclesiastical 
 and literary life, to which we refer the reader. See a 
 notice of the last-named work in the London Athenaeum, 
 1855, p. 291. 
 
 Hughes, Rev. W. 1. Tour in France in 1802, Lon., 
 1803, Svo. 2. An Elegy on Spencer Perceval, 1812, Svo. 
 
 Hughes, Wm. The Grand Abridgt. of the Law Con 
 tinued, Lon., 1660-62, 3 vols. 4to. This is a supp. to the 
 earlier abridgts. It is good authority. Hughes pub. 
 other law-books. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Hughes, Wm. Serms., Ac., Lon., 1652-96. See an 
 account of this author and his works in Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Hughes, Wm. 1. Complete Vineyard, Lon., 1670, 
 Svo. 2. American Physician, 1672, 12rno. 3. Flower- 
 Garden, 1672, 1734, 12mo. 
 
 Hughes, Wm. Serms., Ac., 1749-1812. 
 
 Hughes, Wm., has pub. a number of atlases and 
 valuable geographical works, Lon., 1841-56. He has re 
 cently given to the world an excellent Atlas of Classical 
 Geography, edited by George Long, 1854, r. Svo, and is 
 now (1856) employed upon the completion of the lato 
 Samuel Maunder's Treasury of Geography. 
 
 Hughs, Mrs. Mary, a native of Newcastle-upon- 
 Tyne, England, emigrated to Philadelphia in 1S18, and 
 soon became favourably known as the proprietor of an 
 Academy for Young Ladies, which she conducted for 
 twenty -one years. As an authoress Mrs. Hughs is widely 
 known by Aunt Mary's Library for Boys and Girls, 10 vols. ; 
 Ornaments Discovered, Stories for Children, Emma Morti 
 mer, Buds and Blossoms, Ac. She has been a contributor 
 to several periodicals. See Mrs. Hale's Woman's Record. 
 
 Hughson, D., LL.D., i. e. Dr. Pugh. 1. Hist., Ac. 
 of London, Ac., Lon., 1806-09, 6 vols. Svo. See Upcott's 
 Eng. Topog., ii. 659-672. 2. Privileges of London, 1816, 
 12mo. 3. Walks through London, Westminster, South- 
 wark, Ac., 1817, 2 vols. Svo; also on large paper in Svo, 
 and largest paper, r. Svo, See Upcott's Eng. Top., iii. 
 1478-1481. 
 
 Hugo Candidus, d. after 1155, Sub-Prior of the 
 Abbey of Peterborough, is known as an author by his 
 history of the monastery of Peterborough, pub. in Joseph 
 Sparke's collection, Lon., 1723, fol. See Wright's Biog. 
 Brit Lit, Anglo-Norman Period, 176-178. 
 
 Hugo of Iiincoln. Vitam, ab Adamo, Ac. See 
 Darling's Cyc. Bibl., i. 1571-72. 
 
 Hugo, Minor. 1. Hints and Reflections for Railway 
 Travellers and others, Lon., 1843, 3 vols. p. Svo. 2. Horse- 
 Shoe Nails, 1843, 12mo. 
 
 Hugo, T. Serms. on the Lord's Prayer, 1854, fp. Svo. 
 
 Huicke, Wm. The Fourme of Common Prayer 
 vsed in the Churches of Geneva, Lon., 1550, Svo. 
 
 Huidekoper,Frederic,b. April 7,1817,atMeadville, 
 Pa. The Belief of the First Three Centuries concerning 
 
HUI 
 
 HUM 
 
 Christ's Mission to the Underworld, unpub. edition, Mead- 
 ville, 1853, Svo; Bost., 1854, 12mo. Edited Forest's Hist, 
 of the Trinity, Meadville, 1853, Svo; Bost., 1856, 12mo. 
 
 Huie, James. Abridgt. of the Stat. rel. to Excise; 
 3d ed., Edin., 1833, 8vo. Obsolete. 
 
 Huie, James A. 1. Hist, of Christian Missions, 
 Lon., 1842, 12mo. 
 
 " The author has honourably exerted himself to procure accu 
 rate information." Lon. Atlienceum. 
 
 2. Hist, of the Jews; 2d ed., 1842, fp. Svo. 
 
 " A trustworthy history of the modern Jews." United Secession 
 Mag. 
 
 3. Records of Female Piety, 1841, fp. 8vo; 3d ed., 
 1848, 12rno. 
 
 " Mr. Iluie's Records are written with great taste, and breathe 
 a spirit of genuine piety." Scottish Guardian. 
 
 JIu ise, John* Florilegium PhrasicSn; or, a Survey 
 of the Latin Tongue according to the elegancy of its 
 prop'er Dialect. Enlarged by Alexander Ross, Lon., 1659, 
 Svo. 
 
 Iluish, Alexander, Fellow of Magdalene Coll., 
 Oxf., Rector of Beckington and Hornblotton, Somerset 
 shire. Lects. upon the Lord's Prayer, Lon., 1626, 4to. 
 Respecting this learned man, who stands second in Bp. 
 Walton's acknowledgment of services for his Polyglott, 
 see Wrangham's Proleg., ii. p. 203 ; Todd's Life of Walton, 
 269, <fcc.; see also Mill, 1418; Wetstein, Proleg., pp. 8- 
 20 ; Woid, ii. 19, p. 17 ; Spohn, in J. Berriman's Lects., 
 ch. ii. Sec. 2, p. 158; Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., ii. 
 207; iii. 811. 
 
 Hnish, Francis. Serm., Exeter, 1794, 4to. 
 
 lluisli, Robert, has pub. several works, of which 
 the following are the best-known : 1. Memoirs of Princess 
 Charlotte, Lon., 1818, Svo. 2. Memoirs of George IV., 
 1830, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Voyage of Capt. Sir John Ross to 
 the Arctic Regions in 1829-33, 1835, 8vo. Severely cen 
 sured in Lon. Quar. Rev., liv. 1-39. 4. The Natural 
 Hist, and General Management of Bees. New ed., 1844, 
 12mo. 
 
 " His work is most exact, and contains much solid information." 
 Lrm. Athenceum. 
 
 Unit, I ; phi aim, d. 1644, minister of Windsor, Conn., 
 was a native of England, and for some time preacher at 
 Roxhall, Warwickshire. Prophecie of Daniel Explained, 
 Lon., 1643, 4to. 
 
 " And Huet had his arguing strong and right." JOHNSOW. 
 
 Huit, John. Prayers of Intercession, Lon., 1659, Svo. 
 
 Hulbert, Charles. Museum Asianum; or, Select 
 Antiquities of the Eastern World, Shrewsb., 1822, Svo. 
 
 Hulbert, Rev. Daniel P. M. Reciprocity for 
 1851; or, an "Exhibition" of Humanity and Fraternity 
 and Divinity; 3d ed., Cant., 1851, 12mo. Other works. 
 
 Hull, Amos G. Treat, on the Duties of Town and 
 County Officers, with Statutes, <fec., Albany, 1856. 
 
 Hull, John. 1. Expos, of Chap. 3d of St. Peter's 2d 
 Epist, Lon., 1611, 4to. 2. Christ's Proclamation, Ac., 
 1613, Svo. 3. Expos, of Part of the Lament of Jeremy, 
 by way of Lects., 1618, 4to. 
 
 Hull, John, M.D., of Manchester, pub. several pro 
 fessional works, 1792-1800, and (1.) The British Flora, 
 Manches., 1799, Svo. 2. Elements of Botany, Manches. 
 and Lon., 1SOO, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1S09, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Hull, Richard. Voyage up the Gambia. See 
 Moore's Travels, p. 175. 
 
 Hull, Thomas, 1728-1808, a native of London, an 
 actor, composed and altered for the stage nineteen plays, 
 and pub. a novel, tales, <fec., Lon., 1762-1801. He is best 
 known by his poem of Richard Plantagenet, a Legendary 
 Tale, 1774, 4to, and Select Letters between the late Duchess 
 of Somerset and others, 1778, 2 vols. Svo. See Biog. 
 Dramat. ; Greaves's Recollects, of Shenstone; Pref. to the 
 Select Letters. Hull was the founder of the Theatrical 
 Fund. 
 
 Hull, William, D.D. 1. Serm. on Joel ii. 12, Lon., 
 1612, Svo. 2. Six Serms., 1612, Svo. 3. Five Serms., 
 1615, 4to. 
 
 Hull, General William, d. 1825, aged 72, a distin 
 guished officer in the American Revolutionary Army, was 
 Governor of Michigan Territory from 1805 to '14. He 
 surrendered, with 2000 men, at Detroit, to the British 
 General Brook, Aug. 15, 1812, for which he was tried by a 
 court-martial and condemned to be shot. In consideration 
 of his former services, this sentence was not executed. He 
 pub. a Defence of himself before a Court-Martial, Bost, 
 1814, 12mo ; and Memoirs of the Campaigns of the North 
 western Army of the U. States in 1812, Svo, 1824. To 
 these vols. the collector of American History must add 
 Revolutionary Services and Civil Life of Gen. Wm. Hull, 
 
 from 1775-1805, prepared from his MSS. by his daughter, 
 Mrs. Maria Campbell ; together with the History of the 
 Campaign of 1812 and Surrender of the Post at Detroit, 
 by his grandson, James Freeman Clarke, N. York, 1848, 
 Svo. See also South. Lit. Mess., xiv. 319. 
 
 Hull, William. 1. Six Discourses, Lon., 1830, Svo. 
 2. Ecclesiastical Establishments not Inconsistent with 
 Christianity; 3d ed., 1847, 12mo. Other works. 
 
 Hull, William, Jr. Hist, of the Glove Trade, Lon., 
 I 1834, Svo. 
 
 Hull, William Winstanley, of Lincoln's Inn, late 
 ! Fellow of Brazennose Coll., Oxf., has pub. several theolog. 
 treatises, Lon., 1845, &c. 
 
 Hullah, John, b. 1812, Worcester, Eng., is widely 
 j known as the author of many publications on the science and 
 practice of music, Lon., 1842-57, and for his successful 
 efforts in popular musical instruction. 
 
 Hullock, Sir John, 1764-1829, a native of Barnard 
 
 Castle, Durham, Baron of the Ct, of Exchequer, 1823. 
 
 The Law of Costs in Civil Actions and Criminal Pro- 
 
 j ceedings, Lon., 1792, Svo. Appen. to Cases, 1796; 2d ed. 
 
 of Law of Costs, <fcc., 1810, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " A stronger-headed man than Baron Hullock was never known 
 in the profession." 4 Gar. and Payne's Rep., 406. 
 
 Hulls, Jonathan. Machine for Vessels, Lon., 1C37, 
 12ino. 
 
 Hulme, Nathaniel, M.D., 1732-1807, a native of 
 Yorkshire, pub. a number of medical treatises, 1765-1803, 
 for a list of which see Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Hulme, Obadiah, d. at London, 1791. Historical 
 Essay on the English Constitution. 
 
 Huloet, Richard. Abece~darium Anglico-Latin, [Lat. 
 and Eng. Diet.,] Lon., 1522, fol. Enlarged and corrected 
 by John Higgins, 1572, fol. 
 
 " Almost a new [Higgins's edit.] book, from the various additions 
 and improvements it contains." Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., 
 1735, q. v. 
 
 Hulse, Georgie A. Sunbeams and Shadows, and 
 Buds and Blossoms, N. York, 1851, 16mo. 
 
 Hulse, Rev. John, 1708-1790, the founder of the 
 Hulsean Lecture, of the Univ. of Cambridge, was a native 
 of Middlewich, and educated at St. John's College, Camb, 
 The following are the names of the Lecturers from the 
 commencement, 1820, to 1852 : 
 
 1820, Chris. Benson. 
 
 1821, Jas. C. Franks. 
 
 1822, Chris. Benson. 
 
 1823, Jas. C. Franks. 
 
 1824, No appointment 
 
 1825, No appointment. 
 
 1826, T. Chevallier. 
 
 1827, T. Chevallier. 
 
 1828, No appointment 
 
 1829, No appointment. 
 
 1830, No appointment 
 
 1831, J. J. Blunt. 
 
 1832, J. J. Blunt 
 
 1833, H. John Rose. 
 
 1834, No appointment 
 
 1835, H. Howarth. 
 
 1837, Rd. Parkinson. 
 
 1838, Rd. Parkinson. 
 
 1839, T. T. Smith. 
 
 1840, T. T. Smith. 
 
 1841, H. Alford. 
 
 1842, H. Alford. 
 
 1843, J. H. Marsden. 
 
 1844, J. H. Marsden. 
 
 1845, R. C. Trench. 
 
 1846, R. C. Trench. 
 1S47, C. Wordsworth. 
 
 1848, C. Wordsworth. 
 
 1849, W. G. Humphrey. 
 
 1850, W. G. Humphrey. 
 
 1851, Geo. Currey. 
 
 1852, Geo. Currey. 
 
 1836, H. Howarth. 
 
 The subjects of the above Lectures, with an account of 
 Mr. Hulse's bequest, will be found in Darling's Cyc. Bibl., 
 i. 1573-75. See BAMPTON, REV. JOHN; BOYLE, HON. 
 ROBERT; also Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 853-854; and the 
 names of many of the lecturers in this Dictionary. 
 
 Hulton, E. H. The Criminal Law of England, 
 Lon., 12mo. 
 
 Hulton, W. A. Law of Convictions, Lon., 1835, 12mo. 
 
 "This book, which supplies the numerous deficiencies of Paley, 
 is evidently the work of a sound session lawyer." No. 31 Law 
 Mag., 238. 
 
 Humber, W. A Prac. Treatise on Cast and Wrought 
 Iron Bridges and Girders, imp. 4to; Pt 1, Lon., Sept. 1856. 
 To be completed in about twenty monthly parts. 
 
 Humberston, H. The Sign of the Cross; a Serm. on 
 Ezek. v. 6. In Catholick Serms., (Lon., 1741, 2 vols. 8vo,) 
 ii. 65. 
 
 Hume. 
 
 Hume. 
 
 Hume. 
 1816, Svo. 
 
 Hume, A., M.D. Medical Assist, Lon., 1776, 12mo. 
 
 Hume, Sir Abraham, 1748-9-1838, a naval officer, 
 wrote a short treatise on improvement in naval architec 
 ture, which was commended. See Lon. Gent. Mag., June, 
 1838. 
 
 Hume, Rev. Abraham, LL.D. The Learned Bo 
 rn 
 
 Horologes, Ac., Par., 1640, Svo. 
 
 Sacred Succession, 1710, Svo. 
 
 Analysis of the Water at Bridlington, Lon., 
 
HUM 
 
 oieties and Printing Clubs of the United Kingdom, Lon., 
 1847, p. Svo; 2d edit, with a Supp. by A. I. Evans, 1853, 
 p. Svo. 
 
 " This is one of a numerous class of works hastily compiled 
 and written, and, as a natural consequence, full of errors." Lon. 
 Mhenceum, 1847, 733. 
 
 The censures of the Athenaeum a portion ot which 
 only we have above quoted elicited some comments from 
 Dr. Hume, for which see same periodical, 1847, p. 796. 
 The Lon. Medical Gazette and the Lon. Spectator coin- 
 
 HUM 
 
 and continuators of Hume's History are Bisset, Burke, 
 Farr, Hereford, Hughes, Jones, Miller, Mitchell, Stebbing, 
 Tallis, and Wright. We may be permitted to select a few 
 edits, of the History for special notice, viz. : 1. 1770, 8 
 vols. 4to, the best 4to edit. 2. 1778; also in 1786, 8 vols. 
 Svo; the last edit, corrected by the author. 3. 1789, with 
 Smollett, 13 vols. Svo. 4. 1796, 13 vols. Svo; with Por 
 traits. 5. 1802, 13 vols. Svo; with Portraits, ft. 1803, 16 
 vols. 8vo; with Portraits. 7. 1806, 70 Nos. fol. Bowyer's 
 edit., at 1 Is. per No., with Portraits, and numerous Illus- 
 
 mend the work in high terms. 
 
 Hume, Alexander, 1560 F-1609, minister of Logic, 
 grandson of Patrick Hume, fifth Baron of Polworth, pub. 
 in 1599, Edin.,4to, a book entitled Hymnes, or Sacred Songs, 
 portions of which have been several times reprinted, and 
 the whole was repub. lately by the Bannatyne Club. Of 
 these pieces, the Day Estival is considered the most beau 
 tiful, and was highly commended by Dr. Leyden and others. 
 An account of this author and three other Alexanders 
 Hume will be found in Chambers and Thomson's Biog. 
 Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, 92-96. Watt ascribes 
 to this writer two theolog. treatises, but we presume them 
 to have been written by the next-named Alexander Hume. 
 Hume, Alexander, Master of the High School, Edin., 
 1596, and Rector of the Grammar Schools of Salt-Preston 
 and of Dunbar. Elementa Grammatica, Edin., 1612, sm. 
 Svo. He also wrote some theolog. tracts : see above article 
 and authorities there cited, and Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 982. 
 Hume, Sir Alexander. Notices of the Life and 
 Works of Titian, Lon., 1829, imp. Svo. 
 
 Hume, Anna, the daughter of David Hume, of Gods- 
 croft. The Triumphs of Love, Chastity, and Death; trans, 
 from Petrarch, Edin., 1644, 12mo. 
 
 Hume, David, of Godscroft, the author of The His 
 tory of the House and Race of Douglas and Angus, Edin., 
 1644, fol., (1743, 2 vols. 12mo; 4th ed., 1748, 2 vols. 12mo,) 
 is supposed to have been born about 1560. He also wrote 
 Apologia Basilica, Paris, 1626, 4to, several theolog. trea 
 tises, and a number of Latin poems, some of which, first 
 pub. separately, were afterwards reprinted in Johnston's 
 Deliciae Poetarum Scotorum. In 1632, Paris, sm. Svo, 
 appeared Humii (Davidis) Wedderburnensis, Poemata Om- 
 nia, accessere ad Finem Unio Britannica, et Preelium ad 
 Lipsiam soluta Oratione. Contains poems addressed to 
 Q. Elizabeth, James the Sixth of Scotland, Sir Francis 
 Walsingham, Ac. Constable's copy sold for 3. An ac 
 count of this author will be found in Chambers and Thom 
 son's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, iii. 96-102. 
 See also Bp. Nicolson's Hist. Lib.; Marchand, vol. i. ; 
 Biog. Univ.; Watt's Bibl. Brit., (Hume, or Home, David;) 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 Hume, David, April 26, 1711-August 25, 1776, a 
 native of Edinburgh, was the second son of Joseph Hume, 
 or rather Home, of Ninewells, near Dunse, Scotland, a 
 descendant of the Earl of Home. The subject of our 
 notice, after an unsatisfactory attempt to master the study 
 of the law, and a like unsuccessful essay (in 1734) as a 
 merchant's clerk in Bristol, went to France, with the de 
 sign of pursuing there, in an economical manner, those 
 literary pursuits in which alone he took any interest In 
 1737 he came to London, and in the year following gave 
 to the world his Treatise of Human Nature. This, his 
 first publication, was not successful; but it is difficult to 
 discourage a young author who has once seen his compo 
 sitions in print, and in 1741 appeared his Essays, Moral 
 and Political. This work met with more favour, and he 
 was induced to follow it up in 1748 with Philosophical 
 Essays concerning Human Understanding, (in fact, a new 
 edit, of the first part of his Treatise of Human Nature;) 
 in 1751 with An Enquiry concerning the Principles of 
 Morals; in 1752 with Political Discourses; and in 1755 
 with The Natural Hist, of Religion, Ac. It was between 
 the dates of the two last-named publications that Hume 
 put forth the first vol. of the work by which his name will 
 be transmitted to the latest posterity. The publication of 
 the History of England 1st ed. in 6 vols. 4to, Lon. was 
 as follows : Vol. I. The Reigns of James I. and Charles I., 
 1754. II. The Commonwealth, and the Reigns of Charles 
 II. and James II., 1756. III., IV. The Reigns of Henry 
 VII., Henry VIII., Edward VI., Queen Mary, and Queen 
 Elizabeth, 1759. V., VI. From the Invasion of Julius 
 Caesar to the Revolution in 1688, 1761-62. For the dates 
 and particulars of various edits, of the History of Eng 
 land, (the Abridgments, Continuations, <fcc.,) and of the 
 other publications of the author, the reader is referred to 
 Watt's Bibl. Brit; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; the London 
 catalogues of British publications. The principal editors 
 914 
 
 trations. One of the most splendid books ever pub. Nov 
 (1856) worth about 7 to 10. 8. 1807, 13 vols. Svo ; with 
 Portraits. 9. 1807, 13 vols. Svo ; with Portraits. 10. 1809, 
 15 vols. 18mo. 11. With Smollett, 1826, 13 vols. Svo ; with 
 Portraits, fac-similes of autographs, &c. 50 copies on 
 large paper, 16 14. Three copies on tinted paper. 12. 
 With Smollett, J. R. Miller, and T. Wright, 1836, 4 vols. 
 Svo. 13. With Smollett, and Continuation by Stebbing, 
 1S37, 20 vols. Svo. 14. With Smollett, and Continuation 
 by Hughes. See HUGHES, THOMAS SMART, D.D. 15. 
 Hume, with Smollett, and Continuation by Farr, 1847, 3 
 vols. Svo. 16. With Smollett, 1848, 10 vols. Svo. In ad 
 dition to these edits., all pub. in Great Britain, many havo 
 been issued in the United States of America, &c. Of 
 Hume's Philosophical Works, the only complete edit, until 
 very recently, was that pub. in Edin. in 1826, 4 vols. Svo. 
 " Including all the Essays, and exhibiting the more important 
 Alterations and Corrections in the successive Editions published 
 by the Author." 
 
 New edit, pub. by Little, Brown & Co., Bost, 1854, 4 
 vols. Svo, pp. cxv. 337, 552, 564, 580. 
 
 In vol. i. will be found Hume/s Autobiography, his Will, 
 a notice of his last illness, by Adam Smith, and a docu 
 mentary account of the controversy if so it may be called 
 between Hume and Rousseau. 
 
 It is now time to return to the personal history of the 
 author, preparatory to a brief examination of his charac 
 teristics as a man of letters. Although the first vol. of the 
 History was at first severely censured, and then almost 
 entirely neglected by the public, yet the appearance of his 
 Dissertation on the Natural History of Religion before the 
 publication of the second stimulated the languishing curi 
 osity of the reading world, and Hume found himself at 
 last in possession of that literary distinction for which he 
 had long pined in secret. The demand for the succeeding 
 vols. was so great, that fortune was added to fame ; and 
 the former was subsequently augmented by several diplo 
 matic and other political appointments; among which was 
 the Secretaryship of the French Embassy, 1763-65, and 
 the post of Under-Secretary of State under General Con- 
 way, 1767-68. In 1769 he bade adieu to public life and 
 the literary circles of London, and returned to the city of 
 his birth, doubtless with much of that yearning for old 
 scenes and old friends so beautifully described by the 
 author of The Deserted Village. He returned home, he 
 tells us, "very opulent," for he "possessed a revenue of 
 1000 a year; healthy, and, though somewhat stricken in 
 years, with the prospect of enjoying long his ease." But, 
 notwithstanding the natural desire of the philosopher 
 "To husband out life's taper at the close, 
 
 And keep the flame from wasting, by repose," 
 his days had now approached their termination. In the 
 spring of 1775 he was attacked with a disorder of the 
 bowels, which gradually sapped his strength, and resulted 
 fatally on the 25th of August, 1776. After his death ap 
 peared, in 1779, Svo, his Dialogues concerning Natural 
 Religion ; and in 1783, 12mo, were pub. his disgraceful 
 Essays upon Suicide. The mischievous effects of these 
 unphilosophical speculations, therefore, were thus ex 
 tended, to the injury of others, after the author had gone 
 to his account. The excellence of Hume's character as a 
 man has been so well described by Mr. Mackenzie, in the 
 story of La Roche, (see The Mirror, Nos. 42, 43, 44,) and 
 so unequivocally attested by Adam Smith and other con 
 temporaries, that it is quite unnecessary to enlarge upon 
 this head. In the autobiography from which we havo 
 quoted above, the reader will be often reminded notwith 
 standing the more ambitious style of the Historian of 
 Rome of the charming narration of Gibbon of the inci 
 dents of his own life. 
 
 We have now to consider the subject of our notice, first, 
 in the character of a Mental and Moral Philosopher; 
 secondly, in that of a Political Philosopher and Political 
 Economist; and, thirdly, in that of a Historian. It is 
 hardly necessary to remind the reader that all that can 
 justly be expected of us, in the limits to which we are 
 necessarily circumscribed, is an indication of the best 
 sources of knowledge respecting the authors of whom we 
 
HUM 
 
 HUM 
 
 ge 
 
 lo 
 
 treat, and brief citations of the recorded opinions of emi 
 nent authorities in the same departments of learning 
 which the former have cultivated. 
 
 HUME AS A MENTAL AND MORAL PHILOSOPHER. 
 
 Of Hume's Essays, Moral and Metaphysical, Lord 
 Brougham remarks : 
 
 "To refuse these well-known Essays the praise of great sub- 
 tilty, much clever argument, some successful sarcasm, and very 
 considerable originality, is impossible ; but a love of siugularity, 
 au aversion to agree with other men, and particularly with the 
 bulk of the people, prevails very manifestly throughout the 
 work ; and we may recollect that it is the author's earliest pro 
 duction, the Treatise on Human Nature, which formed the basis 
 of the whole, having been written before his six-and-twentieth 
 year, at an age when the distinction of differing with the world. 
 the boldness of attacking opinions held sacred by mankind at 
 large, is apt to have most charms for vain and ambitious minds. 
 " Accordingly, he finds all wrong in the opinions which men 
 nerally entertain, whether upon moral, metaphysical, or theo 
 gical subjects, and he pushes bis theories to an extreme point 
 in almost every instance. ... As for his Inquiry concerning the 
 Principles of Morals, of which he had himself formed so high an 
 estimate, this is indeed a very excellent work, and appears well to 
 deserve the opinion pronounced upon it by the author, although 
 his Political Discourses may be superior in the originality and 
 importance of their views. . . . There is in this treatise a copious 
 ness and felicity of illustration rarely anywhere else to be found; 
 and it is full of learned allusions and references, showing the 
 various and extensive reading in which he had indulged. Nor is 
 it the least remarkable feature of the work, that, though preferred 
 by him before all the other productions of his genius, it contains 
 nothing at all even bordering upon sceptical opinions." Life of 
 Hume, in Lives of Men of Letters of the Time of George III., Lon. 
 and Gias., 1855. 
 
 "It was in his twenty-seventh year that Mr. Hume published 
 at London the Treatise of Human Nature, the first systematic 
 attack on all the principles of knowledge and belief, and the most 
 formidable, if universal scepticism could ever be more than a mere 
 exercise of ingenuity. . . . The great speculator did not in this 
 work amuse himself, like Bayle, with dialectical exercises, which 
 only inspire a disposition towards doubt, by showing in detail 
 the uncertainty of most opinions. He aimed at proving, not that 
 nothing was known; but that nothing could be known from 
 the structure of the Understanding, to demonstrate that we are 
 doomed forever to dwell in absolute and universal ignorance. 
 .... The Inquiry [Concerning the Principals of Morals] affords 
 perhaps the best specimen of his style. ... In substance, its 
 chief merit is the proof, from an abundant enumeration of par 
 ticulars, that all the qualities and actions of the mind which are 
 generally approved by mankind agree in the circumstance of being 
 useful to society. ... On purity of manners, it must be owned 
 that Mr. Hume, though he controverts no rule, yet treats vice 
 vith too much indulgence." SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH : Dissert, on 
 Ethical Philos., prefixed to Encyc. Brit. ; also in his Miscell. Works, 
 Lon., 1854, vol. i. 
 
 " From what has been already said, it may be seen that we are 
 not to look in Mr. Hume's Treatise [of Human Nature] for any 
 regular or connected system. It is neither a scheme of Material 
 ism nor a scheme of Spiritualism; for his reasonings strike 
 equally at the root of both these theories. His aim is to establish 
 a universal scepticism, and to produce in the reader a complete 
 distrust in his own faculties. . . . With the single exception of 
 Bayle, he has carried this sceptical mode of reasoning farther than 
 any other modern philosopher." DCGALD STEWART : Prelim. Dis 
 sert. to Encyc. Brit., and in his Works. 
 
 "The centre of Hume's philosophizing is his criticism of the 
 conception of cause. Locke had already expressed the thought 
 that we attain the conception of substance only by the habit of 
 always seeing certain modes together. Hume takes up this 
 thought with earnestness. Whence do we know, he asks, that 
 two things stand to each other in the relation of cause and 
 effect ? . . . . There needs no further proof than simply to utter 
 these chief thoughts of Hume, to show that his scepticism is only 
 a logical carrying out of Locke's empiricism. Every determina- 
 tion of universality and necessity must fall away, if we derive 
 our knowledge only from perceptions through the senses; these 
 determinations cannot be comprised in sensation." Dr. Albert 
 Schwegler's Hist, of Philos.; trans, by J. H. Seelye, New York, 
 1856. 
 
 " Hume, the most subtle, if not the most philosophical, of the 
 deists ; who, by perplexing the relations of cause and effect, boldly 
 aimed to introduce a universal scepticism, and to pour a mOre 
 than Egyptian darkness into the whole region of morals." 
 ROBERT HALL : Modern Infidelity Considered : Works, Lon., 1853, 
 vol. i. 
 
 "Dr. Reid rendered good service to the cause of truth, in op 
 position to the sceptical philosophy of Hume, who dexterously 
 availed himself of the authority of Locke in the support of his 
 own mischievous dogmas." Dr. E. WMiams's Christian Preacher, 
 Lon., 1843. 
 
 " That scepticism is the real result of the theory we have now 
 described [Locke's Ideal System] is seen from the use that has 
 been actually made of it. Berkeley drew from it his arguments 
 against the existence of the material world, and Hume based 
 upon the same the principles by which he sought to involve the 
 whole superstructure of human knowledge, from its very founda 
 tions, in one scene of doubt and confusion. . . . Reid, in his early 
 life, had been a complete believer in this representative theory, 
 and had leaned strongly to Berkleianism, as the natural result ; 
 but when Mr. Hume's Treatise on Human Nature came forth to 
 the world, and he saw the consequences to which the whole theory 
 must ultimately tend, he began to inquire within himself whether 
 that theory were really a true one. This inquiry, according to 
 
 his own account, he carried on perpetually for above forty years, 
 and never could gain any affirmative evidence on the question 
 except the mere dictum of philosophers. . . . The philosophy of 
 Hume, as a whole, originated and fell with himself. A more par 
 tial and less daring scepticism might probably have gained many 
 followers ; but it is the inevitable result of every system professing 
 universal unbelief, to destroy itself. The man who by any pro 
 cess of reasoning involves every portion of human knowledge in 
 doubt, instead of persuading any one to follow his conclusions, 
 does little more than controvert his own principles by a reductio 
 ad absurdum." Mm-ell's Hist, of Mod. Philos., Lon., 1847. 
 
 See also Cousin's Hist, of Mod. Philos. ; Levves's Hist, 
 of Philos. ; C. S. Henry's Hist, of Philos. ; Blakey's Hist. 
 of Philos. ; Wm. Archer Butler's Lects. on Ancient Philos. j 
 Sir Wm. Hamilton's Discuss, on Philos. and Lit. ; Lyall'a 
 Agonistes, and his Review of the Principles of Necessary 
 and Contingent Truth; Lon. Quar. Rev., Ixxiii. 536, 
 Ixxviii. 75, both articles by Mr. Lake; Eclec. Rev., 4th 
 Ser., xx. 317 ; Index to Blackw'. Mag., vols. i.-l. 
 
 In our life of Jeremy Bentham, in this Dictionary, we 
 have briefly noticed the famous doctrine of Utility, of - 
 which Hume was one of the first and most distinguished 
 teachers. 
 
 Before leaving this branch of our subject, it may be ex 
 pected that we should make some comments on that 
 unfortunate production of our author's, the Essay on 
 Miracles ; but a natural reluctance to dwell on the folliea 
 to which even great minds are but too prone would in 
 dispose us to linger upon the recollection of this melan 
 choly example of intellectual sophistry and literary dis 
 honesty, had we not already treated the subject at 
 sufficient length in the previous pages of this work. The 
 reader is referred to the article on ADAMS, WM., D.D., (the 
 friend of Johnson;) CAMPBELL, GEORGE, D.D.: DOUGLAS, 
 TOHN; Leland's Deistical Writers; Works of Wm. Ellery 
 Channing; Works of Mr. Paley ; Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 
 933, 982-984, 991-1001 ; Remarks upon the Nat. Hist, 
 of Religion, by Mr. Hume, <fcc., by S. T., Lon., 1758, 8voj 
 and many of the authorities cited above and below. 
 This matter may be very well dismissed with the sensible 
 reflections of Sir Walter Scott, in his account of the Life 
 and Writings of the historian's friend, John Home : 
 
 " The celebrated David Hume, the philosopher and historian, 
 was certainly the most distinguished person in the cycle, [the 
 literary society of Scotland.] That he was most unhappy in 
 permitting the acuteness of his talents, and the pride arising 
 fiom the consciousness of possessing them, to involve him in a 
 maze of sceptical illusions, is most undeniable, as well as that 
 he was highly culpable in giving to the world the miserable re 
 sults of his leisure." 
 
 HUME AS A POLITICAL PHILOSOPHER AND POLITICAL 
 
 ECONOMIST. 
 
 Here our citations must necessarily be very brief; but 
 they will be found to be of the most unequivocal clra- 
 racter. 
 
 "Of the Political Discourses it would be difficult to speak iu 
 terms of too great commendation. They combine almost every 
 excellence which can belong to such a performance. . . . The 
 great merit, however, of these discourses, is their originality, and 
 the new system of politics and political economy which they un 
 fold. Mr. Hume is, beyond all doubt, the author of the modern 
 doctrines which .now rule the world of science, which are to a 
 great extent the guide to practical statesmen, and are only pre 
 vented from being applied in their fullest extent to the affairs of 
 nations, by the clashing interests and the ignorant prejudices of 
 certain powerful classes; for no one deserving the name of legis 
 lator pretends to doubt the soundness of the theory, although 
 many hold that the errors of our predecessors require a slow 
 recourse to right principle in conducting the practical business 
 of the world. It is certain that Dr. Smith's celebrated work, with 
 all its great merits, is less of a regular system than the detached 
 essays of Mr. Hume. The originality of the latter's opinions is 
 wholly undeniable: they were published full fourteen years be 
 fore the Wealth of Nations." LORD BROUGHAM : ubi supra. 
 
 One of the most eminent of modern Political Econo 
 mists remarks that Hume's 
 
 "Essays on Commerce, Interest, Balance of Trade, Money, 
 Jealousy of Trade, and Public Credit, display the same felicity 
 of style and illustration that distinguish the other works of their 
 celebrated author. His views of the commercial intercourse that v 
 should subsist among nations are alike enlightened and liberal ; 
 and he has admirably exposed the groundlessness of the pre 
 judices then entertained against a free intercourse with France, 
 and the fear of being deprived, were commercial restraints abo 
 lished, of a sufficient supply of bullion. The masterly essay on 
 the Population of Ancient Nations will be noticed in another 
 part of this work. . . . Hume and Smith saw and pointed out 
 the injurious operation of the Methuen treaty, and exposed the 
 absurdity of our sacrificing the trade with France to that of so 
 beggarly a country as Portugal." McCulloch's Lit. ofPolit. JEcon., 
 Lon., 1845. 
 
 "The political discourses of Hume are the best models we have 
 of the reasoning that belongs to subjects of this nature. They 
 best admonish us of the slow step with which we should advance, 
 and the wary distrust with which we should look around before 
 we think that we have reached a maxim in politics, that is, a 
 
HUM 
 
 HUM 
 
 general principle on the steady efficiency of -which, in real prac 
 tice, we may always depend. . . . And here I would recommend 
 to my readers one of the essays of Mr. Hume, that on the Popu- 
 
 lousness of Ancient Nations The laws of Henry the Seventh 
 
 merit the consideration of the student. It was the intention of 
 these laws to advance the husbandry, manufactures, and general 
 commerce of the country. The observations of Lord Bacon, and 
 the subsequent criticisms of Hume, will afford the student a 
 lesson in that most difficult and important of all practical sciences, 
 the science of political economy. ... A great part of Smith's 
 reasonings [in the 3d Book of the Wealth of Nations] had ap 
 peared in the History of Hume. These two eminent philosophers 
 for on the subjects of political economy and morals they deserve 
 the name had, no doubt, in their mutual intercourse enlightened 
 and confirmed the inquiries and conclusions of each other." 
 Prof. Smyth's Lects. an Mod. Hist. 
 
 " Hume was gifted with admirable sagacity in political economy ; 
 and it is the good sense and depth of his views on that important 
 subject, then for the first time [in his History of England] brought 
 to bear on the annals of man, that has chiefly gained for him, and 
 with justice, the character of a philosophic historian." SIR. ARCHI 
 BALD ALISON : Essays, Polit., Histor., and Miscell., Edin. and Lon., 
 1850, iii. 78. 
 
 HUME AS A HISTORIAN. 
 
 We have already noticed the severe censure elicited by 
 the publication of the first vol. of the History of England, 
 and the still more provoking neglect by vr Inch this censure 
 was succeeded. The expressed opinions of the few who 
 ventured to read the book were certainly ill calculated to 
 encourage the ambition of the aspiring author. But no 
 one can tell the story so well as the historian himself: 
 
 " In 1752 the Faculty of Advocates chose me their librarian, 
 an office for which I received little or no emolument, but which 
 gave me the command of a large library. I then formed the plan 
 of writing the History of England; but, being frightened with 
 the notion of continuing a narrative through a period of seventeen 
 hundred years, I commenced with the accession of the House of 
 Stuart, an epoch when I thought the misrepresentations of faction 
 began chiefly to take place. I was, I own, sanguine in my ex 
 pectations of the success of this work. I thought that I was the 
 only historian that had at once neglected present power, interest, 
 and authority, and the cry of popular prejudices; and, as the sub 
 ject was . suited to every capacity. I expected proportional ap 
 plause. But miserable was my disappointment : I was assailed 
 by one cry of reproach, disapprobation, and even detestation; 
 English, Scotch, and Irish, whig and tory, churchman and sectary, 
 freethinker and religionist, patriot and courtier, united in their 
 rage against a man who had presumed to shed a generous tear for 
 the fate of Charles I. and the Earl of Stratford ; and after the first 
 ebullitions of their fury were over, what was still more mortifying, 
 the book seemed to sink into oblivion. Mr. Millar told me, that 
 in a twelvemonth he sold only forty-five copies of it. I scarcely, 
 indeed, heard of one man in the three kingdoms, considerable for 
 rank or letters, that could endure the book. I must only except 
 the primate of England, Dr. Herring, and the primate of Ireland, 
 Dr. Stone, which seem two odd exceptions. These dignified pre 
 lates separately sent me messages not to be discouraged." Hume's 
 Autobiography, pub. in 1777, by Mr. Strahan, and since prefixed 
 to the Hist, of Eng., his Philosophical Works, &c. 
 
 Mr. Ritchie (in his Life of Hume) tells us that, after a 
 diligent search into the literary history of the period, be 
 has been unable to discover any trace of that universal 
 outcry which Hume complains of. But doubtless the 
 author heard more than any one else did; much that was 
 said was never recorded; and of the last a large portion 
 may be presumed to have perished or to be buried in for 
 gotten archives. With the reception of the second vol. of 
 his History the author had greater reason to be satisfied : 
 "This performance," he tells us, "happened to give 
 less displeasure to the Whigs, and was better received. It 
 not only rose itself, but helped to buoy up its unfortunate 
 brother." As his reputation as a literary man was now 
 well established, the remaining vols. were received with 
 avidity, and those already pub. brought prominently into 
 notice : the sale was sufficiently large, he informs us, to 
 render him not only "independent, but opulent." "Not 
 withstanding the variety of winds and seasons to which 
 my writings have been exposed, they have still been 
 making such advances, that the copy-money given me 
 by the booksellers much exceeded any thing formerly 
 known in England." 
 
 It is now time to examine into the merits and demerits 
 of a work which has so long held, and which promises 
 ever to hold, a prominent place in the front rank of Eng 
 lish literature. If we were obliged to compress into the 
 limits of a single sentence the characteristics of Hume's 
 History of England, we suppose that the following would 
 be considered an impartial statement : Beauty of style, 
 carelessness of facts, and intolerance of spirit. Hume 
 was too fastidious to be inelegant, too indolent to be 
 accurate, too bigoted to be impartial. His chagrin when 
 obliged to stop the press to make important corrections 
 on the appearance of Murdin's State Papers, and his 
 mortification at being obliged to write to Robertson 
 respecting the same affair, " we are all in the wrong," 
 were necessary consequences of that haste which would 
 916 
 
 not examine, and that ignorance which would not learn. 
 It is declared that certain manuscripts had been spread 
 out for his inspection at the State-Paper Office for a whole 
 fortnight, but he never mustered sufficient courage to un 
 dertake the dreaded investigations. 
 
 ''Satisfied with the common accounts, and the most obvious 
 sources of history, when librarian at the Advocates' Library, 
 where yet may be examined the books he used, marked by his 
 hand, he spread the volumes about the sofa, from which he rarely 
 rose to pursue obscure inquiries or delay by fresh difficulties the 
 page which every day was growing under his charming pen. A 
 striking proof of his careless happiness I discovered in his never 
 referring to the perfect edition of Whitelocke's Memorials of 1702, 
 but to the old truncated and faithless one of 1682." True Sources 
 of Secret History; in Disraeli's Curiosities of Literature, ed. Lon., 
 1851, p. 514. 
 
 " Hume often puts the names of the monkish writers in his 
 margin ; but I fear all he knew of them was through the media 
 of other writers. He has some mistakes which could not have 
 occurred had he really consulted the originals. . . . Hume is cer 
 tainly an admirable writer; his style bold, and his reflections 
 shrewd and uncommon ; but his religious and political notions 
 have too often warped his judgment." Dr. Kichard Farmer's 
 Letter to a Friend on the Study of English History, in Goodhugh's 
 Lib. Man., 43. 
 
 " Hume was far too careless a writer, even if the taste of the 
 public in his time had required it, to trouble himself with the 
 minute labour necessary for this kind of investigation. Accord 
 ingly, the reader finds little in his pages to bring him acquainted 
 with the antiquarian details of history." Edin. Jfev., Ixxiv. 432. 
 "Hume was not, indeed, learned and well-grounded enough 
 for those writers and investigators of history who judged his 
 works from the usual point of view, because he was not only 
 negligent in the use of the sources of history, but also superfi 
 cial." Schlosser's Hist, of the 18tfi Cent., Davison's trans., Lon., 
 1844. ii. 78. 
 
 "In his treatment of the elder periods of the English history, 
 he is quite unsatisfactory and meagre : he had no love for its 
 antiquities, and could not transport himself back into the spirit 
 of remote ages." SchlegeVs Lects. on the Hist, of Lit.; English 
 trans., Phi la., 1854, 331. 
 
 "The author, indeed.' wanted that resolute spirit of industry 
 and research which alone can lead an historian to become 
 thoroughly acquainted with the valuable writers of the Middle 
 Ages." Dibdin's Lib. Coinp., Lon.. 1825, 244. 
 
 " He was far too indolent to acquire the vast store of facts indis 
 pensable for correct generalisation on the varied theatre of human 
 affairs, and often drew hasty and incorrect conclusions from the 
 events which particularly came under his observation." SIR 
 ARCHIBALD ALISON : Essays, Polit.. Histor., and Miscell., 1850, iii. 78. 
 Sir Archibald proceeds to adduce an example of the 
 errors to which he refers, which example we shall pre 
 sently quote from the History of Europe, 1789-1815. 
 
 The remarks which we have just quoted are preceded 
 by some observations which we feel unwilling to omit. 
 Sir Archibald gives his predecessor full credit for his 
 sagacity as a political economist, (quoted above,) his 
 ability as a political commentator and as a delineator of 
 manners, his eloquence as an orator, (in his glowing pages,) 
 and his skill as a debater, but continues: 
 
 "But, notwithstanding all this, Hume is far from being gifted 
 with the philosophy of history. He has collected or prepared 
 many of the facts necessary for the science, but he has made little 
 progress in it himself. He was essentially a sceptic. He aimed 
 rather at spreading doubts than shedding light. Like Voltaire 
 and Gibbon, he was scandalously prejudiced and unjust on the 
 subject of religion; and to write modern history without correct 
 views on that subject is like playing Hamlet without the character 
 of the Prince of Denmark." 
 
 These comments were originally published in Black- 
 wood's Magazine, (in an article on Guizot,) in Dec. 1844, 
 and the reader will perhaps be surprised to find the fol 
 lowing reflections from the same critic, published in The 
 Foreign and Colonial Review, (in an article on Michelet's 
 France,) in April of the same year: 
 
 " Considered as calm and philosophic narratives, the histories of 
 Hume and Robertson will remain as standard models for every 
 future age. The just and profound reflections of the former, the 
 inimitable clearness and impartiality with which he has summed 
 up the arguments on both sides, on the most momentous questions 
 which have agitated England, as well as the general simplicity, 
 uniform clearness, and occasional pathos, of his story, must forever 
 command the admiration of mankind. In vain we are told that 
 he is often inaccurate, sometimes partial ; in vain are successive 
 attacks published on detached parts of his narrative, by party zeal 
 or antiquarian research : his reputation is undiininfshed : succes 
 sive editions issuing from the press attest the continued sale of his 
 work ; and it continues its majestic course through the sea of time, 
 like a mighty three-decker, which never even condescends to notice 
 the javelins darted at its sides from the hostile canoes which from 
 time to time seek to impede its progress." Reprinted in Essays, 
 Edin. and Lon., 1850, iii. 419-420. 
 
 We could not in fairness omit the above eulogy, as we 
 profess to give both sides of a question, even when both 
 are ably represented by the same impartial champion. 
 
 "I have already adverted to Gardiner's resolute assertion of the 
 law against the prince's single will, as a proof that, in spite of 
 Hume's preposterous insinuations to the contrary, the English 
 monarchy was known and acknowledged to be limited. . . . The 
 misrepresentations of Hume as to the English constitution under 
 
HUM 
 
 HUM 
 
 Elizabeth, and the general administration of her reign, have 
 been exposed, since the present chapter was written, by Mr. 
 Brodie, in his History of the British Empire from the Accession 
 of Charles I. to the Restoration, vol. i. c. 3. In some respects, 
 Mr. B. seems to have gone too far in an opposite system, and to 
 represent the practical course of government as less arbitrary 
 than I can admit it to have been." Hallam's Constit. Hist, of 
 Eng., ed. Lon., 1854, vol. i. chap. v. p. 279, n. ; 284, n. 
 
 "Since I drew up this lecture, a work has been published by 
 Mr. Brodie of Edinburgh. It is not well written in point of style, 
 and the author must be considered as a writer on the popular 
 side, but he is a man of research and independence of mind. It 
 is a work of weight and learning, and it appears to me forever 
 to have damaged, and most materially damaged, the character of 
 Mr. Hume as an accurate historian." Prof. Smyth's Lects. on 
 Mod. Hist. ; Lect. V. 
 
 See an elaborate review of Brodie's History (Edin., 
 1822, 4 vols. 8vo) in the Edin. Rev., xl. 92-146. 
 
 "Hume is convicted [by Mr. Brodie] of so many inaccuracies 
 and partial statements, that we really think his credit among his 
 torians for correctness of assertion will soon be nearly as low as 
 it has long been with theologians for orthodoxy of belief." Edin. 
 Rev., ubi supra. 
 
 It is alleged that Hume, merging the character of the 
 historian into that of the apologist, was resolved at all 
 events to make out a fair case for the Stuarts : 
 
 " It is a piece of whining cant, and nothing better, for Hume to 
 represent all parties of his day as being ' fired to madness against 
 him for presuming to shed a generous tear for the fate of Charles 
 I. and the Earl of Stratford.' No one ever found fault with the 
 historian for shedding ' a decent tear' to the memory of the bril 
 liant though unprincipled courtier, and his infatuated master. 
 But he must have known well that the causes of indignation 
 found in his volume were the false pretences put forth on behalf 
 of these men. It was Hume's object to canonize them, and he 
 did not scruple either to mutilate or to pervert the truth, when 
 necessary for his purpose. Mr. Brodie has very ably and labo 
 riously exposed the mean artifices to which this would-be- ingenuous 
 historian has had recourse, in order to give the wished-for tone 
 and colouring to documents which he durst not quote entire." 
 Cunningham's Biog. Hist, of Eng., Lon., 1852, vi. 106. 
 
 In Prof. Smyth's 5th Lect. on Mod. Hist., also, will be 
 found instances cited of Hume's "inaccurate representa 
 tion of the very authorities he quotes." Gilbert Stuart 
 refers to this subject with no little warmth : 
 
 "From its beginning to its conclusion it [Hume's History] is 
 chiefly to be regarded as a plausible defence of prerogative. As an 
 elegant and spirited composition, it merits every commendation. 
 But no friend to humanity, and to the freedom of this kingdom, 
 will consider his constitutional inquiries, with their effect on his 
 narrative, and compare them with the ancient and venerable 
 monuments of our story, without feeling a lively surprise and a 
 patriot indignation." 
 
 "Rapin and Hume are our two great historians. But it is 
 Hume who is read by every one. Hume is the historian whose 
 views and opinions insensibly become our own. He is respected 
 and admired by the most enlightened reader; he is the guide and 
 philosopher of the ordinary reader, to whose mind, on all the 
 topics connected with our history, he entirely gives the tone and 
 the law. On every account, therefore, I shall dedicate the re 
 mainder of this lecture chiefly to the consideration of his work, 
 that your confidence may not be given too implicitly, and that 
 while you feel, as you ought to do, the charm of his composition, 
 the charm of what Gibbon called so justly his careless and inimit 
 able beauties, you may be aware also of the objections that cer 
 tainly exist to the general tendency and practical effect of his 
 representations. ... It is understood, indeed, by every reader it 
 has been proclaimed by many writers that Hume always inclines 
 to the side of prerogative ; that, in his account of the Stuarts, his 
 History is little better than an apology ; his pages are therefore 
 read, in this part of his work at least, with something of distrust, 
 and his representations are not considered as decisive." Prof. 
 Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist. ; Lect. V. , 
 
 " Had he written without any such views, [predilections for the 
 Stuarts and the Tories.] he might have attained to an eminence 
 far beyond that which he has reached, and descended to posterity 
 not as the first of all party writers of history, but as the author 
 of a truly great natural work, the spirit and excellence of which 
 should have been equally admired and appreciated by all the 
 English." FREDERICK SCHLEGEL: Lects. on History of Lit. 
 
 "No one can be surprised if in so short a time allotted to the 
 whole work far more attention was given to the composition of 
 the narrative than to the preparation of the materials. It was 
 altogether impossible that in so short a period the duty of the 
 historian should be diligently performed. The execution of the 
 work answers to the mode of its performance. 
 
 "But, if the History be not diligently prepared, is it faithfully 
 written? There are numberless proofs of the contrary; but we 
 have the most express evidence in the author's own statement to 
 prove this position." Lord Brougham's Life of Hume, in the Lives 
 of Men of Letters of the Time of George III.. Lon. ahd'Glas., 1855, 
 182-183. 
 
 One of the most eminent of our modern historians con 
 siders that he has caught Hume tripping in the reflection 
 quoted below : 
 
 " It is observed by Mr. Hume, that actions at sea are seldom if 
 ever so decisive as those on land : a remark suggested by the re 
 peated indecisive actions between the English and Dutch in the 
 reign of Charles II., but which affords a striking proof of the 
 danger of generalising from too limited a collection of facts. Had 
 he extended his retrospect farther, he would have observed that 
 the most decisive and important of all actions recorded in history 
 
 have been fought at sea." SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON : Hist, of Europe) 
 1789-1815, N. York, 1856, ii. 340-341. 
 
 See ante, p. 916, and see Alison's Essays, Edin. and 
 Lon., 1850, iii. 78. 
 
 The same distinguished authority joins in the general 
 commendation of the charms of Hume's style : 
 
 "The immortal narrative of Hume. . . . Hume, whose simple 
 but profound history will be coeval with the long and eventful 
 thread of English story." Hist, of Europe, 1789-1851, i. 151 ; 1815- 
 ! 52, iii. 361. 
 
 We entirely coincide with this assertion : Hume will 
 j always be read, in spite of his carelessness, in spite of his 
 errors, and even in spite of his perversions. Nine readers 
 seek amusement where one seeks instruction, and even 
 the tenth man will not neglect Hume; nor can he safely 
 be neglected. 
 
 " The accuracy of Hume," remarks an eminent legal authority 
 
 ! of America, " in respect of the two first princes of the house of 
 
 Stuart, has been severely attacked by G. Stuart, Whitaker, Brodie, 
 
 and others; but his charming style, his profound sagacity, and 
 
 j his philosophical reflections, clothe his great work with irresistible 
 
 I attractions." CHANCELLOR KENT. 
 
 " It is, I submit," says Dr. Dibdin, " in the reign of ELIZABETH 
 that the true genius of Hume may be said to shine forth. Here 
 we have pathos and argument, vigorous delineation of character 
 and statesmanlike views of policy : but the reign of Elizabeth 
 was worthy of the exercise of such talents." Lib. Contp., ed. 
 1825, 244-245. 
 
 Dr. Johnson, certainly no admirer of Hume in any of 
 his characters save that of a tory, evinced his usual con 
 tempt of popular opinions by declaring against the much- 
 lauded style of the historian : 
 
 " The conversation now turned upon Mr. David Hume's style. 
 JOHNSOX, ' Why, sir, bis style is not English ; the structure of 
 his sentences is French. Now, the French structure and the 
 English structure may in the nature of things be equally good. 
 But if you allow that the English language is established, he is 
 wrong. My name might originally have been Nicholson as well 
 as Johnson; but were you to call me Nicholson now, you would 
 call me very absurdly.' " BosweWs Life of Johnson, ed. Lon., 
 1847, 150. 
 
 This quotation may remind the reader of the criticism of 
 a celebrated reviewer of our own day. Commenting on the 
 literature of "the reigns of the first two Georges, and the 
 greater part of that which ensued," Lord Jeffrey remarks : 
 
 " The name of Hume is by far the most considerable which 
 occurs in the period to which we have alluded. But, though his 
 thinking was English, his style is entirely French; and, being 
 naturally of a cold fancy, there is nothing of that eloquence or 
 richness about him which characterizes the writings of Taylor, 
 and Hooker, and Bacon, and continues, with less weight of matter, 
 to please in those of Cowley and Clarendon." Review of the Works 
 of Swift, in Edin. Rev., Sept. 1816, and in Contrib. to 'Edin. Rev., 
 Lon., 1853, 77. 
 
 Prof. Smyth's reflections in his 22d Lecture upon the 
 Reign of William III. will be cordially endorsed by the 
 vast majority of historical students: 
 
 " And now, when we enter upon the reign of William, we have 
 no longer the assistance of the philosophic Hume. W r e have no 
 longer within our reach those penetrating observations, those 
 careless and inimitable beauties, which were so justly the delight 
 of Gibbon, and, with whatever prejudices they may be accom 
 panied, and, however suspicious may be those representations 
 which they sometimes enforce and adorn, still render the loss of 
 his pages a subject of the greatest regret, and leave a void which 
 it is impossible adequately to supply." Lects. on Mod. Hist. 
 
 "The triumvirate of British historians, Hume, Robertson, and 
 Gibbon, who exemplified in their very dissimilar styles, the triple 
 contrast and harmony of simplicity, elegance, and splendour." 
 JAMES MONTGOMERY : Lects. on Mod. Eng. Lit. 
 
 We extract the following lines from Gibbon's Auto 
 biography, as furnishing, in connexion with the preceding 
 quotation, a curious instance of coincidence : 
 
 " The candour of Dr. Robertson embraced his disciple. A 
 letter from Mr. Hume overpaid, the labour of ten years; but 
 I have never presumed to accept a place in the triumvirate of 
 British historians." 
 
 Gibbon's epigrammatic description of the style of the 
 two historians with whom his name is so often associated 
 has been already referred to more than once, and may 
 here be properly quoted : 
 
 " The perfect composition, the nervous language, the well-turned 
 periods of Dr. Robertson, inflamed me to the ambitious hope that 
 I might one day tread in his footsteps: the calm philosophy, the 
 careless inimitable beauties of his friend and rival, often forced me 
 to close the volume with a mixed sensation of delight and de 
 spair." Ubi supra. 
 
 ComparisonSjWell worthy of perusal, between the histories 
 of Gibbon, Robertson, and Hume, will be found in Schlos- 
 ser's History of the 18th Century, in Frederick Schlegel's 
 Lects. on the History of Literature, and (by Wm. Gifford) 
 in the London Quarterly Review, vol. xii. 369-375. These 
 critiques we had intended to quote in this article, but we 
 have already transcended our limits. We may remark, 
 in brief, that Schlegel and Gifford, without the least hesi 
 tation, assign the priority in merit to Hume: and Schlosser 
 i seems inclined to award a similar judgment. In our life 
 
 917 
 
HUM 
 
 HUM 
 
 of THOMAS CARTE, (p. 347,) we have indicated the source 
 to which Hume was perhaps principally indebted for what 
 the lawyers would call the " learning of his history." 
 
 The many authorities already noticed by us must be con 
 sulted by the historical student, and he must not neglect 
 to add the following to his list of references : 1. Letters on 
 Mr. Hume's History of Great Britain, by Dan. Macqueen, 
 D.D., Edin., 1756, 8vo. 2. Observations on Hume's His 
 tory of England, by Joseph Towers, LL.D., Lon., 1778, 
 8vo. 3. The Life of David Hume, written by himself, 
 pub. by Adam Smith, with a Supp., 1777, '89, 12mo. 4. An 
 Account of the Life and Writings of David Hume, by T. E. 
 Ritchie, 1807, 8vo. See No. 34. 5. Private Correspondence 
 of David Hume with several distinguished Pei'sons, 1761- 
 76, 4to, 1820. 6. Letters of David Hume, edited by Dr. 
 Murray, 1842, Svo. 7. Hume's Life and Correspondence, 
 edited by John Hill Burton, [q. v. in this Dictionary,] from 
 the Papers bequeathed by his Nephew to the Royal Society 
 of Edin., and other Original Sources, 1846, 2 vols. Svo ; 
 1850, Svo. 8. Letters of Eminent Persons addressed to 
 David Hume, 1849, Svo ; also edited by Mr. Burton. This 
 vol. must accompany the two preceding. 9. Lon. Quar. 
 Rev., Ixxviii. 40. This is a review of No. 7. 10. Edin. Rev., 
 Ixxxv. 1. 11. N. Brit. Rev., vii. 288. 12. Dubl. Univ. 
 Mag., xxvii. 356, 576. 13. Westm. Rev., xlvi. 144. 14. 
 Lon. Athenaeum, 1846, 261, 289. 15. N. York Eclec. Mag., 
 viii. 80, 258. Nos. 11-15 are reviews of No. 7. 16. Lon. 
 Athenaeum, 1849, 114. This is a review of No. 8. 17. 
 Lon. Gent. Mag., April, 1849. This is a review of Nos. 
 7 and 8. 18. Edin. Monthly Rev., v. 127. 19. Lon. Month. 
 Rev., xcvii. 347. Nos. 18 and 19 are reviews of No. 5. 
 20. Disraeli's Miscellanies of Literature. 21. Disraeli's 
 Calamities of Authors. 22. Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors. 
 23. Disraeli on the Literary Character. 24. Smith's Wealth 
 of Nations, McCulloch's ed. of 1850. 25. Keddie's Cyc. 
 of Lit. and Scientific Anec. 26. Arvine's Cyc. of Anec. 
 of Lit. and the Fine Arts. 27. Green's Diary of a Lover 
 of Lit., in Lon. Gent. Mag., Jan. 1834. 28. Goodhugh's 
 Eng. Gent. Lib. Man. 29. Index to vol. i. Encyc. Brit. 
 30. Hazlitt's First Acquaintance with the Poets. 31. Me- 
 moires et Corresp. de Mad. D'Epinay. 32. Lawrence's 
 Lives of the British Historians. 33. Chambers and Thom 
 son's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen. 34. Foster's Es 
 says, 1856, i. 95-110. This is a review of No. 4. 35. N. 
 Amer. Rev., Ixix. 537, (by Francis Bowen.) 36. Phila. 
 Analec. Mag., i. 377. 37. New Englander, i. 167, by J. Mur 
 doch; and the following Lives in this Dictionary : CARTE, 
 THOMAS; CLARKE, JAMES STANIER; GIBBON, EDWARD. 
 The reader will understand that in the above reference to 
 authorities previously enumerated, therefore not repeated 
 in the list just given, we mean to include all of the autho 
 rities noticed in the course of this article. 
 
 Whilst it is deeply to be regretted that Hume's literary 
 vanity and unphilosophical thirst after notoriety so often 
 betrayed him into speculations whose practical effect is to 
 eradicate the first principles and the last hopes of morality 
 and religion, we are pleased to be able to quote, for the 
 encouragement of our studious readers, a reflection which 
 has doubtless stimulated many to days and nights of 
 mental labour and intellectual toil: 
 
 " Such a superiority do the pursuits of literature possess above 
 every other occupation, that even he who attains but a mediocrity 
 iu them merits the pre-eminence above those that excel the most 
 in the common and vulgar professions." History of England: 
 Reign of James I. 
 
 Hume, David, 1765-1838, Baron of the Exchequer 
 in Scotland, and nephew of the preceding. 1. Commen 
 taries on the Law of Scotland resp. the Descrip. and Pun 
 ish, of Crimes, Edin., 1797, 2 vols. 4to; Supp., 1814, 4to; 
 2d ed., 1819, 2 vols. 4to; 3d ed., 1829, 2 vols. 4to; 4th ed., 
 with Supp. and Notes, by B. R. Bell, 1845, 2 vols. 4to, 
 4 4s. A most valuable work. See 1 Edin. Law Jour., 
 485; 83 Edin. Rev., 196-223. 
 
 "A great work of original thought." Lord Cbclcburn's Memo 
 rials of his Own Time, Lon., 1856. 
 
 2. Commentaries on the Law of Scotland respecting 
 Trial for Crimes, 1800, 2 vols. 4to. Respecting Baron 
 Hume, see Lon. Gent. Mag., Nov. 1838; Lord Cockburn's 
 Memorials of his Own Time. See also preceding article, 
 Nos. 7 and 8. 
 
 Hume, Francis, M.D. See HOME. 
 
 Hume, Gustavus. Med. treatises, 1802, '04, both Svo 
 
 Hume, J. D., 1774-1842. 1. Thoughts on the Corn- 
 Laws, 1815. 2. Laws of the Customs, 1835, Svo. 
 
 Hume, Jac. Pantaleonis Vaticinia Satyra, Rothm 
 1633, 12mo. 
 
 Hume, John. Serm., Ac., 1670, '76. 
 
 Hume, John, D.D., d. 1782, Preb. of Westminster; 
 
 Canon-Residentiary of St. Paul's ; Bishop of Bristol, 1 758 ; 
 trans, to Oxford, 1758; trans, to Salisbury, 1766. Five 
 Serms., pub. separately, 1747, '57, '58, '62, all 4to. 
 
 Hume, John, M.D. Fevers of W. Indies,Lon.,1778,8vo. 
 
 Hume, John. Serins., Edin., 1775, Svo. 
 
 Hume, Joseph, M.P., 1777-1855, an eminent Eng 
 lish statesman, pub. several political speeches and some 
 literary productions. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Men of the 
 Time, Lon., 1852; Lon. Gent. Mag., April, 1855; Index 
 to Blackw. Mag., vols. i.-l. 
 
 Hume, Patrick, a schoolmaster of London, was the 
 author of Annotations on Milton's Paradise Lost, pub. in 
 the 6th edit., 1695, fol., by Jacob Touson. 
 
 " This very elaborate commentary may be considered as the firs* 
 attempt to illustrate an English classic by copious and continued 
 notes." DR. DRAKE. 
 
 "Judging by his notes, which are exceedingly curious and 
 learned, he appears to have been a man of cultivated taste, and 
 very extensive erudition." Blackw. Mag., iv. 658-662, q. v. for 
 an exposition of the plagiarisms from Hume, by John 
 Callander, in his annotations to the First Book of Para 
 dise Lost, pub. by Foulis of Glasgow in 1750. See also 
 CALLANDER, JOHN; Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, 
 of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, iii. 144; Warton's Notes to his 
 ed. of Milton's lesser Poems ; Todd's ed. of the Poet. Works 
 of Milton. Bishop Newton highly commends Hume's 
 annotations. 
 
 " The truth is that this now-unknown and forgotten individual, 
 who would not even place his name before his work, [his signature 
 is P. H. <t>iXoTroiriTr)s,] deserves, in point of erudition, good taste, 
 and richness <5f classical illustration, to be ranked as the father of 
 that style of comparative criticism which has been so much em 
 ployed, during these later days, in illustrating the works of our 
 . Mag., ubi , 
 
 Chancery Delays and their Remedy, 
 
 great poet." Black 
 
 Hume, R. M 
 
 Lon., 1830, Svo. 
 
 Hume, Sophia. Theolog. treatises, 1751, '66. See 
 Darling's Cyc. Bibl., i. 1578 ; Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova,ii.441. 
 
 Hume, Tobias. 1. First Booke of Ayres, French, 
 Pollish, and others together, 1605. 2. Poeticall Musicke, 
 Lon., 1607, fol. 
 
 Hume, Wm. The Priesthood, Lon., 1710, Svo. 
 
 Humfray, Rev. Francis. Thoughts on Happiness; 
 a Poem, 1818, Svo. 
 
 Humfray, Nathaniel. Poetical Sketch, 1802, Svo. 
 
 Humfredus, Anylice Humphrey. 
 
 Humfries, Isaac. Inflammation ; Phil. Trans., 1794. 
 
 Humpage, Benj. Med. treatises, 1789, '94. 
 
 Humphrey, Old, i. e. Mr. George Mogridge, of 
 London, d. 1854, was the author of many interesting reli 
 gious books and essays, intended especially for the young, 
 which enjoyed an extensive popularity. Old Humphrey's 
 Works; (volumes sold separately, 18mo:) Observations; 
 Walks in London; Old Sea-Captain; Pithy Papers; Ad 
 dresses; Homely Hints; Grandparents; Pleasant Tales; 
 Thoughts; Country Strolls ; Isle of Wight; N. Amer. In 
 dians. See Memoirs of Old Humphrey, pub. by the Lon. 
 Religious Tract Society, and by the Amer. S. S. Union. 
 Also, his Life, Character, and Writings, by Chas. Williams, 
 with portrait on steel, Lon., 1857. Mogridge borrowed the 
 name of Peter Parley in the title-pages of seven of his 
 books, (not included in the list just given,) historical, 
 geographical, <fcc., of which the true Peter Parley com 
 plains with justice. See S. G. Goodrich's Recollections, 
 1856, ii. 553-554. 
 
 Humphrey, Charles. Collec. of Prac. Forms in 
 Suits of Law, Albany, 1845, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Humphrey, George. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1789. 
 
 Humphrey, Heman, D.D., a Presbyterian divine, 
 President of Arnherst College, 1823-45. 1. Tour in France, 
 Great Britain, and Belgium, N. York, 1838, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 2. Domestic Education, Amherst, ISmo. 3. Letters to a 
 Son in the Ministry, 1842. See N. York Lit. and Theolog. 
 Rev., i. 31; N. Haven Chris. Month. Spec., viii. 428. 
 
 Humphrey, John. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1652-80. 
 
 Humphrey, Laurence, 1527P-1590, a learned di 
 vine, educated at Cambridge and Oxford; Queen's Prof, 
 of Divinity at Oxford, 1560; President of Magdalene 
 Coll., Oxf., 1561; Dean of Gloucester, 1570; Dean of 
 Winchester, 1580. He pub. a number of serms., treatises 
 against Campian the Jesuit, and other works, 1558-88, for 
 an account of which see Athen. Oxon. See also Fuller's 
 Abel Redivivus; Strype's Cranmer; Strype's Parker. 
 
 "Humphrey was a great and general scholar, an able linguist, 
 a deep divine ; and for his excellence of style, exactness of method, 
 and substance of matter in bis writings, went beyond most of our 
 theologists." WOOD. 
 
 "Dr. Humphrey had read more fathers than Campian the Jesuit 
 ever saw; devoured more than he ever tasted; and taught mora 
 in the University of Oxford, than he had either learned or heard." 
 AECHBISHOP TOBIAS MATTHEW. 
 
HUM 
 
 HUN 
 
 Humphrey, W. C. Observ. on the Inutility of Grand 
 Juries, and Sugges. for their Abolition, Lon., 1842, 8vo. 
 
 "It is written with calmness and candour, and is the work of a 
 practical man, thoroughly acquainted with the subject on which 
 he writes." 31 Law Mag., 242. 
 
 Humphreys, Asher. Ordination, Lon., 1719, 8vo. 
 
 Humphreys, David, D.D., Sec. to the Soc. for the 
 Prop, of the Gospel, pub. two theolog. works, Lon., 1714, 
 '21, 8vo, and the following valuable history : An Histori 
 cal Account of the Incorporated Society for the Propaga 
 tion of the Gospel in Foreign Parts;, containing their 
 Foundation, Proceedings, and the success of their Mis 
 sionaries in the British Colonies, to the year 1728, Lon., 
 8vo, pp. 356. This work which every collector of Ame 
 rican history should possess is illustrated with two maps, 
 one of Carolina, the other of New England, <fcc., by Her 
 man Moll. This excellent society was established in 1701. 
 See HAWKINS, ERNEST; Bickersteth's C. S. ; N. York 
 Church Rev., iv. 433, 622; v. 108, 274, 435, 615. 
 
 Humphreys, David, LL.D., 1753-1818, a native of 
 Derby, Connecticut, a colonel in the American Revolu 
 tionary Army, aide-de-camp to General Washington, and 
 a member of his family, graduated at Yale College in 1771. 
 He served his country in various political capacities, both 
 at home and abroad, and employed his pen as well as his 
 sword in the promotion of her liberties. His principal 
 poetical productions are An Address to the Armies of the 
 United States, 1772 ; a Poem on the Happiness of Ame 
 rica; The Widow of Malabar, a Tragedy; and a Poem on 
 Agriculture. He assisted Trumbull, Barlow, and Hopkins 
 in the composition of The Anarchiad, and wrote a life of 
 General Putnam, pub. in Humphrey's Miscellaneous Works, 
 N. York, 1790 and 1804, 8vo. This biography, enlarged, 
 with an Appendix, Notes, and an Account of Bunker Hill 
 Battle, was repub., Bost., 1818, 8vo, by S. Swett. See Gris- 
 wold's Poets and Poetry of America ; Duyckincks' Cyc. 
 of Amer. Lit. ; Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 331, 487 ; Lon. 
 Athenaeum, 1833, 819; N. Amer. Rev., iv. 98, (by W. Tu 
 dor;) Carey's Amer. Mus., i. 230 ; iii. 273 ; N. Haven Chris. 
 Month. Spec., ii. 367. 
 
 Humphreys, E. R. Educational works, Lon., 1843- 
 56. 
 
 Humphreys, Francis. Serm., Lon., 1787, 8vo. 
 
 Humphreys, Henry Noel. 1. Origin of Coins and 
 Art of Coining, Lon., 8vo. 2. Coins of England, 1847, 
 p. 8vo. 3. In conjunction with Owen Jones, Illuminated 
 Books of the Middle Ages, 1847-50, fol., 10 10s.; large 
 paper, 16 16s. With 39 plates. A splendid work. 4. Art 
 of Illumination and Missal-Painting, 1848, sq. 12mo. 5. 
 Hist, of Ancient Coins and Medals, 1849, '50, 8vo. 6. In 
 conjunction with J. 0. Westwood, British Moths, 1849, 2 
 vols. 4to. 7. Also in conjunction with J. 0. W., British But 
 terflies, 1849, 4to. 8. Ten Centuries of Art, 1851, imp. 8vo. 
 9. Origin and Progress of the Art of Writing, 1852, 4to; 
 3d ed., 1855, imp. 8vo. A very valuable work. 10. Coin- 
 Collector's Manual, (Bohn's Scientific Lib., 26, 27,) 1853, 
 2 vols. p. 8vo. 11. Coinage of the British Empire, 1853, 
 4to. 12. The Marine Aquarium, 1856, sm. 8vo. 13. The 
 Butterfly Vivarium, 1858, sm. 4to. To Mr. H. we are also 
 indebted for the beautiful illuminations which illustrate 
 A Record of the Black Prince, The Book of Ruth, Senti 
 ments and Similes of Shakspeare, <fec. 
 
 Humphreys, Humphrey, d. 1712, Dean of Bangor, 
 was made Bishop of Bangor, 1689, and trans, to Hereford, 
 1701. Serin., Hosea x. 3, (Jan. 30,) Lou., 1696, 4to. 
 
 Humphreys, James, d. 1830, a lawyer, a native of 
 Montgomeryshire. 1. Lett, to E. B. Sugden, Lon., 1827, 
 8vo. 2. Lett, to the Editor of the Jurist. 3. Eng. Laws 
 of Real Property, Lon., 1820, 8vo; 2d ed., 1827, 8vo. A 
 work of authority. See 2 Mart. Conv., 39; 1 Amer. Jur., 
 58; 4 Kent Com., 9, n. ; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 405; Edin. 
 and Lon. Quar. Reviews. 
 
 Humphreys, John. Serm., Lon., 1794, 8vo. 
 
 Humphreys, John D., Jr. Poems, Lon., 1814, 8vo. 
 
 Humphreys, Sam. Cannons; a Poem, Lon., 1728, 
 
 Humphreys, T. Serm., Oxon., 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Humphreys, W. H. Reports Supreme Ct. of Ten 
 nessee, 1839-42, Nashville, 1841-44, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "They are invaluable." 1 West. Law Jour., 169. 
 
 Humphrie, Rev. Thomas. The Prebendary and 
 Curate : Parochial Affairs, Ac., 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Humphry, W. W. General Registry, Lon., 1830, 8vo. 
 
 Humphry, William Gilson, Preb. of St. Paul's, 
 and Vicar of Northolt, Middlesex. 1. Comment, on the 
 Acts, 1847, 8vo ; 1854, p. 8vo. 2. Doctrine of a Future 
 State: Hulsean Lect. for 1849, 8vo, 1850. 3. Early Pro 
 gress of the Gospel: Hulsean Lect. for 1850, 8vo, 1851. 
 4. Hist Treat, on Book C. Prayer; 2d ed., 1856, p. 8vo. 
 
 Humphrys, Thomas. Hymns, Bris., 1798, 16mo. 
 
 Humston, Robert. Serm., Lon., 1589, '91, 8vo. 
 
 Hungerford, Sir Anthony. Advice of a Pro 
 testant Son, fce., Oxon., 1639, 4to. 
 
 Hunnis, William, Chapel-Master to Queen Eliza 
 beth. 1. Certayne Psalms in English metre, Lon., 1550, 
 8vo. 2. A Hyve fvll of Hunnye, 1578, 4to. 3. Seuen 
 Sobs of a Sorrowfull Soule for Sinne, <fec., 1585, 24mo. 
 4. Abridgment; or, Meditation on certaine of the Psalmes, 
 16rao. 5. Recreations, 1588, 24mo. See Warton's Hist, 
 of Eng. Poet. ; Bibl. Anglo-Poet.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; 
 Brydges's Brit. Bibliog. ; Campbell's Spec, of Eng. Poets ; 
 Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 655; Hallam's Lit. Hist, 
 of Europe, ed. 1854, ii. 120. 
 
 Hunt. Hist, and Revelation of Scripture, 1734. 
 
 Hunt. Comic Sketches, Lon., 1850, imp. fol. 
 
 Hunt, Sir Aubrey De Vere. See DE VERB. 
 
 Hunt, Charles Henry. Merino and Anglo-Merino 
 Sheep, Lon., 1810, 8vo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Hunt, Mrs. Charlotte Matilda. The Little 
 World of Knowledge; arranged numerically, Lon., 1826, 
 12nio. 
 
 " Novel in its plan, excellent in its principle, and most praise 
 worthy in its execution." Lon. Literary Gazette, July 1, 1826. 
 
 Hunt, Edward. Abridgt. of the Irish Statutes. 
 1700-28, Dubl., 1828, 8vo. 
 
 Hunt, F. W., M.D. The Pantological System of 
 History, Pt. 1. The Amer. States, N. York, 1855, fol. 
 We hope that this work will be continued. It is designed 
 to occupy the same relation towards History that maps 
 hold to Geography. 
 
 Hunt, Frederick Knight, 1814-1854, a native of 
 Buckinghamshire, associate-editor of the London Daily 
 News, 1846-51, and chief editor, 1851-55, was previously 
 connected with the Illustrated London News, The Pic 
 torial Times, and The Medical Times. 1. Hist, and 
 Scenery of the Rhine, Lon., 1845, sm. 4to. 2. Book of 
 Art, 1846, 4to. 3. The Fourth Estate ; or, Contributions 
 to the Hist, of Newspapers and of the Liberty of the 
 Press, 1850, 2 vols. p. Svo. See N. Brit. Rev., xiii. 86. 
 
 " Contains a mass of most varied and valuable information." 
 Lon. Eclec. Rev. 
 
 A biographical account of Mr. Hunt will be found in 
 the Lon. Gent. Mag., Jan. 1855. 
 
 Hunt, Freeman, 1804-1858, widely known as pro 
 prietor and editor of The Merchants' Magazine, was a na 
 tive of Quincy, Mass. Whilst a resident of Boston, he 
 established The Ladies' Magazine, The Weekly Traveller, 
 and The Juvenile Miscellany, and also gave to the world 
 Anecdotes and Sketches Illustrative of Female Character; 
 and (in 1830, 2 vols. 12mo) American Anecdotes, Original 
 and Selected. 
 
 " The best-known collection of American anecdotes." N. P. 
 WILLIS : N. York Mirror. 
 
 In 1831 Mr. Hunt removed to the city of New York, 
 where he continued to reside until his death. His first 
 enterprise in this city was a periodical entitled The Tra 
 veller, to the columns of which, he contributed a series of 
 entertaining sketches of travel, which were afterwards 
 collected and pub. under the title of Letters about the 
 Hudson and its Vicinity. This vol. was reviewed with 
 great favour, and passed through three edits. 
 
 In 1839 Mr. Hunt determined to supply a great want in 
 the literary and commercial world ; and in July of that 
 year he issued the first number of his famous Merchants' 
 Magazine, which now presents in its thirty-eight well- 
 filled vols. a most valuable library of Commercial Litera 
 ture. For the energy, perseverance, and talent success 
 fully developed in this important enterprise, Mr. Hunt 
 deserves more praise than we have time or space to afford 
 him. We shall, however, quote some more valuable 
 opinions than our own at the conclusion of this article. 
 
 In 1845 Mr. Hunt pub. the first vol. of The Library of 
 Commerce, and in 1856 appeared the first vol., and in 1857 
 the second vol., of Lives of American Merchants, and 
 Wealth and Worth, a Collection of Morals, Maxims, and 
 Miscellanies for Merchants. It has been well remarked that 
 
 "The titles as well as topics of these works show the concentra 
 tion of purpose with which Mr. Hunt gives himself to his chosen 
 field of literary labour." 
 
 The subject of our notice was elected a member of 
 numerous statistical and literary societies, and received 
 the degree of A.M. from Harvard University. Other 
 notices of Mr. Hunt and his useful publications will be 
 found in Poe's Literati, N. York, 1850, 50-52 ; Bungay's 
 Off-Hand Takings, or Crayon Sketches of the Noticeable 
 Men of our Age, 1854, 368-371; N. Amer. Rev., July, 
 1856, 232-233. The wise merchants (members of a pro 
 fession to which authentic information is of peculiar value) 
 
 919 
 
HUN 
 
 HUN 
 
 will need no solicitation of ours to induce them to peruse 1 
 and reperuse Mr. Hunt's invaluable vols. ; but, as regards j 
 the Merchants' Magazine, we shall (to use a mercantile 
 phrase) offer satisfactory endorsements of our own cordial 
 commendation. 
 
 "It collects and arranges in. good order a large amount of 
 valuable statistical and other information, highly useful, not only 
 to the merchant, but to the statesman, to the cultivator of the 
 earth, to the manufacturer, to the mariner, in short to all classes 
 of the business and reading community." HENRY CLAY : Ashland, 
 29th July, 1849. 
 
 " I regard it as being, beyond all doubt, among the most valu 
 able periodicals of the times." DANIEL WEBSTER: Washington, 
 March 18, 1851. 
 
 " I have found it most useful to me in my senatorial labours, 
 and have been in the habit for many years of carefully consulting 
 it" THOMAS H. BBNTON : Washington City, April 20, 1849. 
 
 " It is a grand repository of useful facts and information, which 
 can be found nowhere so well digested and so accessible as in 
 these numbers." MILLARD FILLMORE. 
 
 " Mr. Hunt ought especially to be the man whom the mer 
 chants of America delight to honour. It seems strange that we 
 have no similar publication in this country, and yet we have all 
 the raw materials for it in great abundance. We want only a 
 Freeman Hunt." JAMES WILLIAM GILBART. General Manager of 
 the London and Westminster Bank, and the author of a Practical 
 Treatise on Banking, &c. 
 Hunt, George. Serm., 1810. 
 Hunt, George. The Book of Job, trans, from the 
 Hebrew, Bath, 1825, 8vo. 
 
 Hunt, Gilbert J. Hist, of the Late War between 
 the U. States and Great Britain from 1812 to 1815, writ 
 ten in Scriptural style, N. York, 1819, 12mo. 
 
 Hunt, Harriot K., M.D., a native of Boston, Mass. 
 Glances and Glimpses, or Fifty Years' Social, including 
 Twenty Years' Professional, Life, Bost., 1856, 12mo, pp. 
 418. See N. Amer. Rev., April, 1856, 577-578. 
 Hunt, Henry. Two Discourses, Lon., 1802, 8vo. 
 Hunt, Isaac, a native of the W. Indies, the son of 
 the Rector of St. Michael's, Bridgetown, Barbadoes, and 
 the father of James Henry Leigh Hunt, was educated at 
 the College in Philadelphia, subsequently studied law, 
 and, on his return to England, became preacher at Ben- 
 tinck Chapel, Lisson Green, Paddington. He subsequently 
 resided for several years in the family of the Duke of 
 Chandos, as tutor to his Grace's nephew, Mr. Leigh. A 
 sketch of his life will be found in his son's Autobiography. 
 1. Serm., Matt. vi. 11, 1781, 8vo. 2. Serins., 1781, Svo. 
 3. Serm., Nehem. ii. 3, 1782, 4to. 4. Discourses on Public 
 Occasions, 1786, Svo. 
 
 " He published a volume of sermons preached there, [Bentinck 
 Chapel,] in which there is little but elegance of diction and a 
 graceful morality." Leigh Hunt's Autobiography. 
 
 5. Rights of Englishmen ; an Antidote to the Poison 
 of Thos. Paine, 1791, Svo. 
 
 Hunt, Rev. J. H Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered j 
 trans, into English, Lon., 1818, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " He is more faithful than Pope or Dryden, more spirited than 
 Cowper or Warton, and he has less mannerism and affectation 
 than Mr. Sotheby." Lon. Quar. Pev., July, 1821, 426-437. 
 
 The reviewer prefers this version to either Fairfax's or 
 Hoole's. 
 
 "A careful perusal of his labours fully justifies the eulogy pro 
 nounced upon them in the Quarterly Review of July, 1821." 
 Dibdin's Lib. Ormp. 
 
 Hunt, Rev. J. P. Iron Mask, Lon., 1809, 3 vols. 
 12mo. 
 
 Hunt', James. Serm., Lon., 1642. 
 Hunt, James. Treat, on Stammering, with a Notice 
 of the Life of Thos. Hunt, Lon., 1856. Other works. 
 
 Hunt, James Henry Leigh, b. October 19, 1784, 
 at Southgate, Middlesex, was the son of the Rev. Isaac 
 Hunt (ante) and Miss Mary Shewell, the daughter of 
 Stephen Shewell, a merchant of Philadelphia. An aunt 
 of this lady's was the wife of Benjamin West, the eminent 
 American painter. Young Hunt commenced authorship 
 at an early period, and, when the poet was only about six 
 teen years of age, his verses were collected by his father 
 and pub., with a large list of subscribers, under the title 
 of Juvenilia ; or, Poems written between the ages of Twelve 
 and Sixteen, Lon., 1801, 12mo. 
 "I was as proud perhaps of the book at that time, as I am 
 
 ashamed of it now My book was a heap of imitations, all but 
 
 absolutely worthless." Leigh Hunt's Autobiography. 
 
 These effusions were given to the world shortly after 
 their author's departure from Christ Hospital, where, like 
 Coleridge, Lamb, and many others who afterwards attained 
 distinction, he received his early education. After some 
 experience as an attorney's clerk, and in the duties con 
 nected with a post in the War Office, Hunt united in 1808 
 with his brother John in the establishment of a weekly 
 paper entitled The Examiner, which periodical, owing to 
 Leigh's able editorship, soon acquired great popularity. 
 
 Doubtless the practice which he had cultivated in very 
 early life as theatrical critic for the " News" now proved 
 of great advantage to the young editor. Having thus be 
 held him fairly launched upon that life of literary activity 
 for which he has been so distinguished for the last half- 
 century, we must refer to his piquant Autobiography for 
 further particulars of his career, whilst we devote the 
 limited space to which we are restricted to a catalogue of 
 his works, and the citation of some opinions upon their 
 merits. 
 
 1. Amyntas; trans, from Tasso, 1820, 12mo. 2. Auto 
 biography and Reminiscences, 1850, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1852, 
 3 vols. p. 8vo. See Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxviii. 409 ; N. 
 Brit. Rev., xiv. 143; Amer. Whig Rev., xiii. 34; N.York 
 Eclec. Mag., xxi. 247. 3. Bacchus in Tuscany ; a Poem, 
 12mo. 4. Blue-Stocking Revels. 5. Book for a Corner; 
 Selections in Prose and Verse, 1849, 2 vols. 12mo ; 1851, 
 p. Svo. 6. Captain Sword and Captain Pen ; a Poem ; 3d 
 ed., 1849, 12mo. 7. Classic Tales ; a Selection from Eng 
 lish and Foreign Authors, with Critical Essays, 1813, 5 
 vols. 12rno. 8. Descent of Liberty; a Mask, 1815, 12mo. 
 See Eclec. Rev., May, 1815. 9. Critical Essays on the 
 Performers of the London Theatres, 1808, 12mo. 10. 
 Feast of the Poets, and other Pieces, 1814, 12mo; 1815, 
 12rno. See Lon. Month. Rev., Sept. 1814 ; Phila. Analec. 
 Mag., Sept. 1814. 11. Foliage; Poems, Original and Se 
 lected, 1818, 12mo. See Lon. Quar. Rev., xviii. 324. 12. 
 Hero and Leander. 13. Hundred Romances of Real Life; 
 a Selection, 1843, med. Svo. 14. Imagination and Fancy; 
 Selections from English Poets; 2d ed., 1845, p. Svo; 3d 
 ed., 1852, cr. Svo. See Brit. Quar. Rev., i. 563; Dubl. 
 Univ. Mag., xxv. 649; N. York Eclec. Mag., v. 500. 15. 
 Indicator and Companion, 1S22, 2 vols. Svo; 1840, r. Svo; 
 1848, r. Svo. 16. Jar of Honey from Mount Hybla, 1847, 
 p. Svo; 1852, Svo. 17. Juvenilia; or, Poems written be 
 tween the ages of Twelve and Sixteen, 1801, 12mo, (vide 
 ante.) IS. Legend of Florence; a Play, 1840, Svo. 19. 
 Literary Pocket-Book. 20. Men, Women, and Books; 
 Sketches, Essays, and Critical Memoirs, 1847, 2 vols. p. 
 Svo ; 1852, 2 vols. p. Svo. See Dubl. Univ. Mag., xxx. 
 3S6; Bost. Living Age, (from the Lon. Examiner,) xiv. 
 188. 21. Methodism, 1809, Svo. 22. Months Descriptive 
 of the Year, 12mo. 23. Old Court Suburb, 1S55, 2 vols. 
 cr. Svo. See Blackw. Mag., Oct. 1855. 24. Palfrey, a 
 Love-Story of Old Times ; a Poem, 1842, Svo. 25. Poetical 
 Works, 1832, Svo; 1844, 32mo. See South. Lit. Mess., x. 
 619. Included in Hunt's Poetical Works are a number of 
 translations. 26. Reading for Railways, 1850, 12mo. 27. 
 Recollections of Byron and some of his Contemporaries, 
 1828, 4to; 2d ed., 1828, 2 vols. Svo. See Lon. Quar. Rev., 
 xxxvii. 402; Lon. Month. Rev., cxv. 300; Lon. New 
 Month. Mag.; Phila. Mus. of For. Lit., xii. 569; BYRON, 
 GEORGE GORDON, LORD. 28. Religion of the Heart; a 
 Manual of Faith and Duty, 1853, fp. 8vo. 29. Reformist's 
 Reply to the Edinburgh Review, 1810, Svo. 30. Report 
 on the Attorney-General's Information, 1812. 31. Seer; 
 or, Common Places Refreshed, 1840 ; 1848, med. Svo. 32. 
 Sir Ralph Esher, 1S32, 3 vols.; 1850, p. Svo. 33. Stories 
 from the Italian Poets, 1846, 2 vols. p. Svo; 1854, 2 vols. 
 p. 8vo. See Lon. For. Quar. Rev., xxxvi. 333 ; Bost. Liv. 
 Age, (from the Lon. Spectator,) viii. 481. 34. Stories in 
 Verse, 1855, 12mo. 35. Story of Rimini; a Poem, 1816, 
 12mo. See Lon. Quar. Rev., xiv. 473, (by Wm. Gifford ;) 
 Edin. Rev., xxvi. 476, (by Lord Jeffrey;) Blackw. Mag., 
 ii. 194; iii. 453; N. Amer. Rev., iii. 272, (by Wm. Tudor.) 
 36. Table-Talk, 1850, p. Svo ; 1852, p. Svo. 37. The Town j 
 its Character and Events, 1848, 2 vols. p. Svo. 38. Wit 
 and Humour, Selected from the English Poets, 1S46, p, 
 Svo; 1852, p. Svo. See Westm. Rev., xlviii. 24; Dubl. 
 Univ. Mag., xxix. 74; Fraser's Mag., xxxiv. 735; Bost 
 Liv. Age, (from the Lon. Examiner,) xii. 97. In addition 
 to the periodicals already mentioned as claiming a portion 
 of Mr. Hunt's labours, he edited in 1810 The Reflector, a 
 periodical established by his brother, of which only four 
 numbers appeared; wrote almost all the articles (Byron, 
 Hazlitt, and Shelley were also contributors) in The Liberal, 
 1822, 4 Pts. Svo; established and edited The Tatler, and 
 The London Journal; edited The Monthly Repository; 
 contributed to The Round Table, The True Sun, the Edin 
 burgh Review, the Westminster Review; edited the Plays 
 of Wycherley, Congreve, and Farquhar, Fairfax's trans. 
 of Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered, and Selections from Beau 
 mont and Fletcher. His translations of Redi's Bacco in 
 Toscano, the Lutrin of Boileau, the Amyntas of Tasso, 
 and of other pieces, have elicited warm commendation, 
 whilst the last-named at least has not escaped without 
 censure. Since 1847 Mr. Hunt has been in receipt of a 
 
HUN 
 
 pension of 200 per annum. Many of Hunt's works have 
 been repub. in America by Wells & Lilly, Carey, Lea & 
 Blanchard, Carey <fc Hart, Wiley & Putnam, the Harpers, 
 W. P. Hazard, Ticknor & Fields, Ac. The last-named 
 house pub. in 1857 r 2 vols. 32mo, Hunt's Complete 
 Poetical Works, collected and arranged by himself, and 
 Derby & Jackson within the same year pub. an ed. of 
 his Works in 4 vols. 12rno. He who would further gra 
 tify his curiosity respecting this veteran litterateur and his 
 manifold labours must refer to Moore's Life of Byron; 
 Conversations between Lord Byron and the Countess of 
 Blessington; Hazlitt's Spirit of the Age and his Table- 
 Talk; Southey's Life and Corresp. ; Gilfillan's Second 
 Gallery of Literary Poets; Miss Mitford's Recollections 
 of a Literary Life; Allan Cunningham's Biog. and Crit. 
 Hist, of the Last Fifty Years ; Moir's Poet. Lit. of the 
 Past Half-Century ; Memoirs, Jour., and Corresp. of Thos. 
 Moore; Macaulay's Crit. and Hist. Essays; Tuckerman's 
 Thoughts on the Poets; Whipple's Essays and Reviews; 
 Hillard's First-Class Reader ; Comparison between Hunt 
 and Washington Irving, in Blackw. Mag., (American Wri 
 ters, No. 4,) xvii. 65 ; Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit, in 
 Lon. Gent. Mag., Feb. 1838; Blackw. Mag., ii. 38; v. 97, 
 98, 640 ; vii. 664 ; x. 286, 733 ; xi. 113, 364 ; xii. 700 ; xiv. 
 240, 241 ; xvi. 67, 69 ; xxvii. 389, 435 ; xxxv. 159 ; xxxvi. 
 272, 273; xl. 809; Lon. Month. Mirror, May, 1810; Fra- 
 ser's Mag., vi. 43 ; Lon. Athenaeum, 1832, &c. ; Lon. Lite 
 rary Gazette; N. York Eclec. Mag., ix. 384: xii. 118; 
 Ainer. Whig Rev., iv. 417 ; Bost. Living Age, (from Lon. 
 Examiner,) i. 342; from Tail's Mag., xi. 368; South. Lit. 
 Mess., vii. 473, (by H. T. Tuckerman ;) x. 619; Democrat. 
 Rev., xxvii. 426, (by J. Savage.) From the many opi 
 nions before us respecting the characteristics of this 
 voluminous and popular author, we can find room for a 
 few brief extracts only. 
 
 LEIGH HUNT AS A POET. 
 
 " With acute powers of conception, a sparkling and lively fancy, 
 and a quaintly-curious felicity of diction, the grajid characteristic 
 of Leigh Hunt's poetry is word-painting ; and in this he is proba 
 bly without a rival, save in the last and best productions of Keats, 
 who contended, not vainly, with his master on that ground. In 
 this respect, nothing can be more remarkable thau some passages 
 in Rimini, and in his collection entitled Foliage, much of which 
 he has since capriciously cancelled; and he also exercised this 
 peculiar faculty most felicitously in translations from the French 
 and Italian, although in some instances he carried it to the amount 
 of grotesqueness or affectation. His heroic couplet has much of 
 the life, strength, and flexibility of Dryden of whom he often 
 reminds us; and in it he follows glorious John, even to his love 
 for triplets and Alexandrines." Moir's Sketches of the Poet. Lit. of 
 the l^ast Half-Century. 
 
 "The days are happily past when the paltry epithet of ' Cock 
 ney Poets' could be bestowed on Keats and Leigh Hunt : the 
 world has outlived them. People would as soon think of apply 
 ing such a word to Dr. Johnson. Happily, too, one of the delight 
 ful writers who were the objects of these unworthy attacks has 
 outlived them also ; has lived- to attain a popularity of the most 
 genial kind, and to diffuse through a thousand pleasant chan 
 nels many of the finest parts of our finest writers. He has done 
 good service to literature in another way, by enriching our lan 
 guage with some of the very best translations since Cowley. Who 
 ever thought to see Tasso's famous passage m Amyntas so ren 
 dered ? [Ode to the Golden Age here quoted.] Who, again, ever 
 hoped to see such an English version of one of Petrarch's most 
 characteristic poems, conceits and all? [Petrarch's Contempla 
 tions of Death in the Bower of Laura here quoted.] 
 
 " In justice to Mr. Leigh Hunt, I add to these fine translations, 
 of which every lover of Italian literature will perceive the merit, 
 some extracts from his original poems, which need no previous 
 preparation in the reader. Except Chaucer himself, no painter 
 of processions has excelled the entrance of Paulo to Ravenna, in 
 the story of Rimini." Miss Mitford's Recollections of a Literary 
 Life. 
 
 " At the outlet of his career, his ambition was to excel as a 
 bard. His principal success, however, seems chiefly to lay in a 
 certain vein of essay-writing, in which fancy and familiarity are 
 delightfully combined. Still he has woven many rhymes that 
 are not only sweet and cheerful, but possess a peculiar grace and 
 merit of their own, besides illustrating some capital ideas rela 
 tive to poetical diction and influence. They are, to-be-sure, de 
 formed by some offences against the dignity of the muse, in the 
 shape of affectations and far-fetched conceits." Tuckerman's 
 Thoughts on the Poets. 
 
 Mr. Tuckerman here quotes some most objectionable 
 epithets used by the poet, in which citation he reminds 
 us though his selection is entirely different of Lord 
 Jeffrey's excerpta from Rimini. 
 
 "What can be said," exclaims the terrible Scotch reviewer, 
 " for such lines as 
 
 ' She had stout notions on the marrying score,' 
 
 or, ' He kept no reckoning with his sweets or sours,' 
 
 or, And better still in my idea at least,' 
 
 or, The two divinest things this world has got' 
 
 " We see no sort of beauty in such absurd and unusual phrases 
 
 as 'a clipsoine waist,' a ' scattery light,' or 'flings of sunshine,' 
 
 nor any charm in such comparatives as ' martialler,' or ' taste- 
 
 HUN 
 
 fuller,' or ' franklier,' or in such words as ' whisks,' and ' swaling,' 
 and ' freaks and snatches,' and an hundred others in the same 
 taste." Edin, Rev., xxvi. 491. Mr. Gifford cites many other in 
 stances very much of the same character. See No. 35, ante. 
 
 " In spite of his faults, there is something quite bewitching in 
 his character and poems. We hardly judge him by the same 
 laws we apply to other poets ; we are willing to take him as he is. 
 The same errors and fooleries which would be insufferable in 
 another alter their aspect, if not their nature, as observed in the 
 easy impudence of his chirping egotism. . . . There is every rea- 
 son to suppose that his poems will long survive the life of their 
 author and the reputation of the majority of his assailants." 
 Whipple's Essays and Reviews. 
 
 " Leigh Hunt, most vivid of poets and most cordial of critics." 
 JOHN WILSON : Recreations of Christopher North. 
 
 LEIGH HUNT AS A PROSE-WRITER. 
 
 "To my taste, the Author of Rimini and Editor of the Exa 
 miner is among the best and least-corrupted of our poetical prose- 
 writers. In his light but well-supported columns we find the 
 raciness. the sharpness, and the sparkling effect of poetry, with 
 little that is extravagant or far-fetched, and no turgidity or 
 pompous pretension. Perhaps there is too much the appearance 
 of relaxation and trifling, (as if he had escaped the shackles of 
 rhyme,) a caprice, a levity, and a disposition to innovate in words 
 and ideas. Still the genuine master-spirit of the prose-writer is 
 there ; the tone of lively, sensible conversation ; and this may in 
 part arise from the author's being himself an animated talker. 
 Mr. Hunt wants something of the heat and earnestness of the 
 political partisan ; but his familiar and miscellaneous papers have 
 all the ease, grace, and point of the best style of Essay-writing. 
 Many of bis effusions in the INDICATOR show, that if he had de 
 voted himself exclusively to that mode of writing, he inherits 
 more of the spirit of Steele than any man since his time." Haz- 
 litt's Talk- Talk : on the Prose Style of Poets. 
 
 He is, in truth, one of the pleasantest writers of his time, 
 easy, colloquial, genial, humane, full of fine fancies and verbal 
 niceties, possessing a loving if not a 'learned spirit;' with hardly 
 a spice of bitterness in his composition. . . . His Imagination 
 and Fancy is a delightful book. The Indicator and Seer are filled 
 with essays of peculiar excellence." Whipping Essays and Re 
 views. 
 
 " His prose is gossiping, graceful, and searching, and charms 
 many readers." Allan Cunningham's Biog. and Grit. Hist, of the 
 Lit. of the Last Fifty Years. 
 
 In a review of Hunt's edit, of The Dramatic Works of 
 Wycherley, Congreve, and Farquhar, (1840, 8vo,) an 
 eminent authority thus speaks of the editor in the capacity 
 of a critic : 
 
 " In some respects Mr. Leigh Hunt is excellently qualified for 
 the task which he has undertaken. His style, in spite of its 
 mannerism, nay, partly by reason of its mannerism, is well suited 
 for light, garrulous, desultory ana, half critical, half biographical. 
 We do not always agree with his literary judgments; but we find 
 in him what is very rare in our time, the power of justly appre 
 ciating and heartily enjoying good things of very different kinds. 
 He can adore Shakspeare and Spenser without denying poetical 
 genius to the author of Alexander's Feast, or fine observation, 
 rich fancy, and exquisite humour to him who imagined Will 
 Honeycomb and Sir Roger de Coverley. He has paid particular 
 attention to the history of the English drama from the Age of 
 Elizabeth down to our time, and has every right to be heard with 
 respect on that subject." T. B. MACAULAY : Grit, and Hist. Essays, 
 Lon., 1854. iii. 1-2. 
 
 Hunt, Jeremiah, D.D., 1678-1744, a Dissenter, 
 pastor for thirty-seven years at Pinners' Hall, London, 
 pub. a number of serms., &c., 1716-25. A collective edit, 
 of his Serms. and Tracts was pub. in 1748, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " In brief, his preaching was Scriptural, critical, paraphrastical, 
 and consequently instructive." DR. LARDNER. 
 
 Hunt, John. An Appeal to the King, proving that 
 our Saviour was author of the R. Catholic Faith, 1620, 4to. 
 
 Hunt, John. God's Decrees, Norw., 1720, 8vo; Glasg., 
 1791, 8vo. 
 
 - Hunt, John. 1. Historical Surgery, 1801, 4to. 2. 
 The Gout, 1805, 8vo. 3. Agricult. Memoirs, 1812, 8vo, 
 4. British Ornithology, 1815-22, 13 Pts. 8vo. Other works. 
 
 Hunt, John. Serm., &c., 1809, '12, both 8vo. 
 
 Hunt, John. Histor. Map of Palestine, Lon., 1832. 
 
 Hunt, Leigh. See HUNT, JAMES HENRY LEIGH. 
 
 Hunt, Nicholas. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1631-33. 
 
 Hunt, Philip. A narrative resp. the Literary Re 
 mains of the late John Tweddell, Lon., 1816, 8vo. 
 
 Hunt, R. Oration, Nov. 26, 1805, '06. 
 
 Hunt, R. S. and Randel, J. F. Guide to the 
 Republic of Texas, N. York, 1839, 18mo. 
 
 Hunt, Richard. A Catechisme, Lon., 1649, 8vo. 
 
 Hunt, Robert. Assada, near Madagascar, Lon., 4to. 
 
 Hunt, Robert. Synopsis of Diseases of the Skin, 
 Lon., 1838, 12mo. 
 
 Hunt, Robert, b. Sept. 6, 1807, at Devonport, (then 
 Plymouth Dock,) England, is well known as a keeper of 
 the Mining Records at the Museum of Economic Geology, 
 and Professor of Mechanical Science to the Government 
 School of Mines to that institution. He is the author of 
 a number of works of the highest authority on the subjects 
 of which they treat. 1. Art of Photography, 1341, '51, 
 '53, '54, fp. 8vo. 
 
 921 
 
HUN 
 
 HUN 
 
 " A complete history of Photography in all its varied ramifica 
 tions and processes." Lon. Art Journal. 
 
 2. Researches on Light and its Chemical Relations, 
 1844, '54, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Hunt's reputation is so well established, that we need 
 only mention his pleasing volume to secure it a favourable recep 
 tion from the philosophical public." Jameson's New Edin. Philos. 
 Jour. 
 
 3. Panthea: the Spirit of Nature, 1849, Svo. . 
 
 " Philosophy and Poetry are finely blended, and great truths 
 and noble sentiments are expressed in language full of beauty 
 -and eloquence." N. Brit. Rev. 
 
 " Throughout ample opportunities are afforded for conveying 
 scientific information in a popular form, and these have been 
 liberally and well embraced by the Author." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 4. Poetry of Science; or, Studies of the Physical Phe 
 nomena of Nature; 2d ed., 1849, 8vo; 3d ed., 1854, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Hunt's work stands midway between Humboldt's Cosmos 
 and L'Aiine Martin's Lettres a Sophie. More suited to the un 
 learned reader than the former, it is more systematic and 
 extended in its views than the latter." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 See also N. Brit. Rev., xiii. 63 ; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., 
 xxvi. 36; Eraser's Mag., xxxix. 378; N. Amer. Rev., 
 Ixxiii. 470. 5. Elementary Physics, 1851, 12mo; 1855, 
 p. 8vo. 
 
 "As a really elementary treatise on the whole work of Physical 
 Science, we know none to compare with it, and it is therefore ad 
 mirably adapted for the wants of the student; whilst, on the 
 other hand, it may be read with profit and interest by those who 
 have long mastered the general truths it embodies." Lon. Medico- 
 Chirurgical Review. 
 
 6. Handbook to the Official Catalogue of the Great 
 Exhibition of 1851, 2 vols. 12mo, 1851. 7. Memoirs of 
 the Geological Survey of Great Britain, and of the Museum 
 of Practical Geology : Mineral Statistics of the United 
 Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for 1853 and 1854, 
 Lon., 1855. See Lon. Athenaeum, 1855, p. 1023. See 
 also Bouvier's Familiar Astronomy, Phila., 1857, 373-374. 
 Hunt, Rowland. Prosperity of G. Brit., 1796, 
 8vo. 
 
 Hunt, T. F. 1. Architettura Campestre, Lon., 1827, 
 r. 4to. See Lon. Lit. Gaz. ; Lon. Lit. Chron. 2. Hints 
 on Picturesque Domestic Architecture; 3d ed., 1833, 4to. 
 See Lon. Lit. Chron. 3. Examples of Tudor Architecture, 
 1830, 2 vols.; 1836, r. 4to. See Lon. Eclec. Rev.; Blackw. 
 Mag., xxvii. 257-258. 4. Designs for Parsonage Houses, 
 Ac., 1841, 4to. See Lon. Lit. Gaz. ; Lon. Lit. Chron. 5. 
 Designs for Gate-Lodges, Ac., 1841, r. 4to. 
 
 Hunt, Thomas. The Grammar-Scholar's Abecedary, 
 Lon., 1671, 8vo. 
 
 Hunt, Thomas. Political tracts, Lon., 1679-83. 
 Hunt, Thomas, D.D., 1696-1774, educated at and 
 Fellow of Hart Hall, Oxford, became Regius Prof, of 
 Hebrew, and Canon of Christ Church in 1747. He was 
 the author of several publications on the Arabic, 1728-48, 
 and of the following work, pub. after his death by Dr. 
 Kennicott: Observ. on Several [26] Passages in the Book 
 of Proverbs, with two Serins., Oxf., 1775, 4to. 
 
 " The emendations of the translation proposed in this volume 
 are generally important, and throw much light on some passages 
 which are attended with considerable difficulty." Orme's Bibl. 
 Bib., q. v. 
 
 " They display in a very advantageous light the critical acumen 
 
 of the author, and his extensive acquaintance with the Eastern 
 
 languages." Lon. Month. Rev., 0. S., liii. 102, q. v. for specimens. 
 
 " As tho book is neither very scarce nor very dear, it will be 
 
 worth the student's while to procure it." Home's BiU. Bib. 
 
 See Doddridge's Letters ; Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; Chal 
 mers's Biog. Diet. ; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. Ixxi. 
 
 Hunt, Thomas. Diseases of the Skin, Lon., 1847, 
 8vo; 3d ed., 1858. 
 
 " We have found Mr. Hunt's practice exceedingly successful in 
 severe obstinate cases." Braithwuite 's Retrospect of Medicine. 
 
 " The facts and views he brings forward eminently merit atten 
 tion." British and Foreign Medical Review. 
 
 Hunt, Thomas P., b. 1794, in Charlotte county, 
 Virginia, graduated at Hampden-Sidney College, Va., 
 1813 ; licensed to preach, 1824 ; ordained^ 1825. 1. Bible 
 Baptism, Nos. 1 and 2. 2. Hist, of Jesse Johnson and 
 his Times. 3. It will not Injure me. 4. Death by Mea 
 sure. 5. Wedding-Days of Former Times. Nos. 2, 3, 4, 
 5, are Temperance Tales. 6. Liquor-Selling a System 
 of Fraud. Other publications, among which are a num 
 ber of papers contributed to periodicals. 
 
 Hunt, Thomas Sterry, b. 1826, at Norwich, Conn., 
 appointed, in 1847, chemist and iniHeralogist to the Geo 
 logical Survey of Canada, has pub. a number of Annual 
 Reports in connection with the Survey, and many papers 
 On Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Geology in the Amer. 
 Jour, of Science and the L. E. and D. Philos. Mag. His 
 essays on a New System of Chemical Theory in the first- 
 named periodical have attracted much attention and been 
 repub. in England and Germany. Mr. H. is the author 
 
 of an Introduction to Organic Chemistry, prefixed to 
 Prof. B. Sillitnan, Jr.'s, Elements of Chemistry. 
 
 Hunt, Thornton, b. 1810, eldest son of Leigh Hunt, 
 and the author of The Foster-Brother, 1845, 3 vols. p. 8vo, 
 an historical romance of the 14th century, has been 
 editorially connected with The Constitutional, The North 
 Cheshire Reformer, The Glasgow Argus, <fec. See Men 
 of the Time, Lon., 1856. 
 
 Hunt, Wm. 1. Gilbert's Distresses and Replevin, 
 ; Lon., 1793, '94, 8vo. 2. Cases on the Annuity Act, Bir- 
 I ming., 1794, '96, 8vo. 
 
 Hunt, Wm. American Biographical Panorama, 
 | Albany, 8vo. 
 
 Hunt, Wm., M.D., Demonstrator of Anatomy in 
 the Univ. of Penna. Erasmus Wilson's Dissector's 
 j Manual of Prac. and Surg. Anat. ; 3d Amer. from the last 
 Lon. ed., Phila., 1856, r. 12ino, pp. 582, with 154 Illus 
 trations. An excellent work. See GODDARD, PAUL B., 
 M.D.j WILSON, ERASMUS, M.D. 
 
 Huntar, Alex. Weights, Ac., Edin., 1624, 4to. 
 
 Hunter. Nummi Veterurn Populoruin et Graecorum, 
 cum 68 Tab. sen., Lon., 1782, 4to. 
 
 Hunter, Miss A. S. 1. Select, from Cicero, 1809, 
 12mo. 2. Miscellanies for Female Readers, 1810, 12uio. 
 
 Hunter, Alexander, M.D., 1729-1809, a native of 
 Edinburgh, settled at York, England, was the author of 
 several works on medicine, agriculture, &c., the principal 
 of which is Georgical Essays, Lon., 1770-74, 4 vols. 8vo; 
 York, 1803, 4 vols. 8vo ; vols. v., vi., Lon., 1804, 8vo. Ho 
 | also edited Evelyn's Sylva: see EVELYN, JOHN, No. 5. 
 See also Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Hunter, Alexander. Con. to Ann. of Med., 1799. 
 
 Hunter, Mrs. Anne, 1742-1821, the wife of the 
 celebrated surgeon, John Hunter, and a sister of Sir 
 Everard Home, is the author of My Mother bids me braid 
 my Hair, and The Mermaid's Song, and other songs made 
 famous by the music of Haydn. In 1802 she pub. a vol. 
 of Poems, which met with but little mercy at the hands 
 of Lord Jeffrey : 
 
 " Poetry really does not seem to be her vocation, and rather 
 appears to have been studied as an accomplishment than pursued 
 from any natural propensity." Edin. Rev., i. 421-426, q.v. 
 
 "All of her verses are written with elegance and feeling, and 
 her Death-Song is a noble strain, almost worthy of Campbell 
 himself." Blackwood's Mag., xli. 409. 
 
 Also highly commended by the British Critic for Octo 
 ber, 1802. 
 
 A biographical notice of Mrs. Hunter will be found in 
 Lon. Gent. Mag., Jan. 1821, 89-90. 
 
 Hunter, C. G. Russia; being a complete Picture of 
 the Empire, 1818. 
 
 Hunter, Christopher, 1675-1757, a physician of 
 Durham. 1. New ed. of the Ancient Rites and Monu 
 ments of the Church of Durham, 1733. Anon. 2. Illust. 
 of Neale's Hist, of the Puritan?, &c., 1736, 8vo. 3. Anti 
 quarian Con. to Phil. Trans., 1700, '02, '17, '44. 
 
 Hunter, Christopher, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1799, 
 8vo. 
 
 Hunter, David, D.D. Hist, of Christ, 1770, 2 vols. 
 12mo. 
 
 Hunter, G. M. Louis and Antoinetta; a Trag. 
 1794, 8vo. 
 
 Hunter, Henry,D.D., 1741-1802, a native of Culross, 
 Perthshire, pastor of the Scotch Church, London Wall, 
 from 1771 until his death, was the author and translator 
 of several valuable works. 1. Sacred Biography, Lon., 
 1783-1802, 7 vols. 8vo; 8th ed., 1820, 5 vols. Svo; 1826, 
 2 vols. Svo. Last ed., with Introduc. by Rev. A. Patter 
 son, 1840, imp. Svo. Formerly very popular. 2. Lava- 
 ter's Essays on Physiognomy, 1789-98, 5 vols. 4to, 30. 
 3. Serm., 1793, Svo. 4. Letters of Euler, 1795, 2 vols. 
 Svo. 5. Serms., 1795, 2 vols. Svo. 6, St. Pierre's Studies 
 I of Nature, Lon., 1796-99, 5 vols. Svo; 2d ed. in 3 vols. r. 
 I Svo. 7. Saurin's Serms., 1796, Svo. 8. Hist, of London 
 and its Environs, 1796, <fec., in Pts., 1811, 2 vols. r. 4to. 
 Of little value. 9. Lects. on the Evidences of Christianity, 
 1798. 10. Sonnini's Travels in Egypt, 1799, 3 vols. Svo. 
 11. Serms., Ac., with Account of his Life and Writings, 
 1804, 2 vols. Svo.. 
 
 " Several of these discourses are upon sacramental occasions, 
 and afford an interesting specimen of the form of admission as 
 practised by the Church of Scotland." WALTER WILSOX. 
 
 See Memoirs prefixed to No. 11 ; Rees's Cyc. ; Lon. Gent. 
 Mag., vol. Ixxii.; Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of 
 Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, iii. 144-147. 
 
 Hunter, Jac. Epistolae Miscellaneae, Vien., Aust., 
 1631, Svo. 
 I Hunter, James. Farriery, &c., Lon., 1796, Svo. 
 
HUN 
 
 HUN 
 
 Hunter, James. Swing-Plow, Edin., 1843, Svo. 
 See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Hunter, John, 1728-1793, the distinguished anato 
 mist and surgeon, was a native of Long Calderwood, near 
 Glasgow, the son of a farmer, and the youngest of ten 
 children. His early education was very defective, as he 
 preferred amusement to the studies of the grammar-school 
 which he occasionally attended. After working as a cabi 
 net-maker's apprentice in Glasgow for about three years, 
 he was induced in his twenty-first year, by the medical 
 reputation of his brother William, in London, to offer 
 himself as his assistant. He arrived in London in 1748, 
 studied anatomy with his brother, and surgery under Che- 
 selden, and, by the distinction which he rapidly acquired 
 and continued to augment, gave evidence that he had 
 found his proper sphere of action. 1. Nat. Hist, of the 
 Human Teeth, Lon., 1771, '78, 1803, 4to. In Dutch, 
 Dordr., 1773, 4to. 2. Prac. Treat, on Diseases of the 
 Teeth, Lon., 1778, 4to. Supp. to No. 1. 3. Treat, on the 
 Venereal Disease, 1786, 4to. New ed., by Joseph Adams, 
 M.D., 1818, Svo. With addits. by Ph. Ricord, edited by 
 F. J. Bumstead, Phila., 1853, Svo. 4. Observ. on Certain 
 Parts of the Animal (Economy, Lon., 1786, '87, '90, 4to. 
 New ed., by Owens, 1837, 4to. 5. Treatise on the Blood, 
 Inflammation, and Gun-shot Wounds; with the Author's 
 Life, by Everard Home, 1797, 4to ; 1812, 2 vols. Svo. Dr. 
 Hunter contributed many papers to Phil. Trans., Med. 
 Com., and Trans. Med. and Chir., for an account of which 
 and edits, of his works see Watt's Bibl. Brit. A collective 
 ed. of his Works, with Notes and Life, by Palmer, was 
 pub. by Longman in 1838, 4 vols. Svo, 3 10s. To the 
 above- noticed Lives by Home and Palmer, the biographies 
 by Dr. Joseph Adams and Jesse Foot, and the Life in 
 Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scots 
 men, and that in the Lives of British Physicians, we refer 
 the reader for further information respecting this distin 
 guished anatomist and surgeon. See also our notice of 
 HOME, SIR EVERARD, M.D. Dr. Hunter's celebrated col 
 lection of comparative anatomy, Ac., which cost him 
 70,000, was bought by the government for 15,000 and 
 presented, with certain conditions, to the Royal College 
 of Surgeons. In addition to authorities cited above, see 
 also Disraeli on the Literary Character. 
 
 Hunter, Mrs. John, wife of the preceding. See 
 HUNTER, MRS. ANNE. 
 
 Hunter, John, M.D., Physician to the Army, pub. 
 several medical treatises, 1775-93. 
 
 Hunter, John, Admiral, Royal Navy. 1. Transac. 
 at Port Jackson, <fec., Lon., 1793, 4to. 2. Scenery of My 
 sore, 1805, fol. 
 
 Hunter, John, 1747-1837, Prof, of Humanity in the 
 Univ. of St. Andrew's for about half a century, and sub 
 sequently Principal of the United College of St. Salvador 
 and St. Leonard, pub. excellent edits, of Virgil, Horace, 
 Juvenal, and Flaccus, 1797-1806. Dr. Hunter was a critic 
 of profound erudition. See Edin. Rev. ; Lon. New Monthly 
 Mag., 1st Ser., No. 77; Lon. Monthly Mag., No. 341; 
 Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; art. Grammar, in Encyc. Brit. 
 
 Hunter, Rev. John, Vice-Principal of the National 
 Society's Training College, Battersea, has pub. several 
 works on English Grammar, English Parsing, Ac., Lon., 
 1847-50. 
 
 Hunter, John. A Poem, <fcc., 1798, 1800, both Svo. 
 
 Hunter, John Dunn. Manners and Customs of 
 Several Indian Tribes located west of the Mississippi, Ac., 
 Phila., 1823, Svo, pp. 402. Reprinted in London in the 
 same year, under the title of Memoirs of a Captivity 
 among the Indians of North America, from Childhood to 
 the age of Nineteen, &c., Svo, pp. 447. This work was 
 very favourably received in England. 
 
 " The perusal of Mr. Hunter's narrative has left a strong con 
 viction on our minds that it is the authentic production of an 
 individual who has actually passed many years of his life among 
 the Indians." Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxi. 76-111. 
 
 " None who have passed a single afternoon in his company, 
 whatever might have been their previous impressions, have any 
 longer had the slightest doubt that he is exactly what he repre 
 sents himself to. be; or that his story, recorded as it is entirely 
 from memory, the savages among whom he lived having no writ 
 ten language, is perfectly faithful." Lon. Month. Rev., cii. 243- 
 256; 368-381. 
 
 "An authentic, most amusing, and accurate narrative." 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 986. 
 
 But audi alteram partem : 
 
 "Mr. John Dunn Hunter is one of the boldest impostors that 
 has appeared in the literary world since the days of Psalmanazar. 
 His book ... is a worthless fabrication." GENERAL LEWIS CASS : 
 N. Amer. Rev., xxii, 94-108, q. v. for the evidence upon which this 
 charge is founded. 
 
 We should linger a moment upon this theme, but our 
 
 limited space forbids. See also Blackw. Mag., xvi. 639- 
 640; xvii. 56; Lon. Lit. Gaz., 1823, 242, 260, 278; Rich's 
 Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 150, 186; E. Norgate's pamphlet 
 entitled Mr. John Dunn Hunter defended, Lon., 1826, Svo, 
 pp. 38, (an answer to General Cass, in the N. Amer. Rev., 
 supra;) and J. Neale's answer to Norgate. 
 
 Hunter, Joseph. Funl. Serm., 1813. 
 
 Hunter, Rev. Joseph, Assistant Keeper of the 
 Public Records, a learned antiquary, has pub. several 
 valuable works, among which are (1.) Hist, and Topog. 
 of the Deanery of Doncaster, 1828, 2 vols. fol., 8 8*. ; 
 large paper, 16 16*. 2. Illust. of the Life and Studies 
 of Shakspeare, 1845, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Founders of Ply 
 mouth, New England, 1849, p. 8vo. 4. Collections rel. to 
 Founders of Plymouth, New England, 1854, p. Svo. See 
 Lon. Gent. Mag., Dec. 1831; Edin. Rev., Oct. 1855; N. 
 Amer. Rev., April, 1856; Hallam's Lit. Hist, of England, 
 1854, ii. 176, n. 
 
 Hunter, Maria. Novels, Lon., 1792-98. 
 
 Hunter, Mrs. Rachael, of Norwich, d. 1813, pub. 
 a number of novels, &c., Lon., 1801-10. 
 
 " Her publications are all of a strictly moral tendency." Watt's 
 BibL Brit. 
 
 Hunter, Robert, Governor of Jamaica from 1728 
 until his death in 1734, was the author of the celebrated 
 Letter on Enthusiasm, (ascribed to Swift and Shaftesbury,) 
 and, according to Coxeter, a farce, called Androboros. See 
 Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Biog. Dramat ; Swift's Works; 
 Bancroft's Hist. U. States. 
 
 Hunter, Robert. Law of Landlord and Tenant in 
 Scot.; 2d ed., Edin., 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Hunter, Thomas, Vicar of Weaverham, Cheshire, 
 d. 1777. 1. On Tacitus, Lon., 1752, Svo. 2. On Lord Bo- 
 lingbroke, 1770, Svo. 3. Moral Discourses on Providence, 
 Warring., 1774, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " Superior to the ordinary class." Lon. Critical Rev. 
 
 4. Reflections on Lord Chesterfield's Letters, 1776, Svo. 
 
 Hunter, W. P. Narrative of the Late Expedition 
 to Syria under Admiral Stopford, Lon., 1841, 2 vols. p. 
 Svo. An interesting account of the campaign in Syria. 
 
 Hunter, William, 1718-1783, M.D., a distinguished 
 anatomist and physician, brother to John Hunter, (ante,) 
 was also a native of Long Calderwood, near Glasgow, 
 the son of a farmer, and the seventh of ten children. 
 After pursuing his studies for five years in the University 
 of Glasgow, with the intention of entering the church, he 
 was induced by Dr. Cullen to turn his attention to medi 
 cine, in which department he made astonishing progress. 
 In 1741 he settled in London, where his talents and assi 
 duity soon rendered him distinguished. l.^VIedical Com 
 mentaries, Pt. 1, Lon., 1762, 4to. Supp., 1764, 4to. 2. 
 Anatomia Humani Uteri Gravidi Tabulis [34] illustrate, 
 Lat. and Eng., Binning., 1774, atlas fol., 6 6*. A splen 
 did work. An Anatomical Description of the Human 
 Gravid Uterus and its Contents, Lon., 1794, 4to. Edited 
 by Dr. Baillie, 5s. This is intended to supply the want 
 of a descriptive account in No. 2, and should therefore 
 accompany it. 3. Lects. on the Gravid Uterus and Mid 
 wifery, 1783, 4to. 4. Two Introduc. Lects. to Anatomical 
 Course of Lects., 1784, 4to. Dr. H. also contributed a 
 number of papers to Phil. Trans., 1743-84, for a list of 
 which see Watt's Bibl. Brit. He possessed a collection of 
 Greek and Latin books, medals and coins, which cost him 
 more than 20,000. Of a portion of the coins, a catalogue 
 was pub. by his friend, Charles Combe, M.D., q. v. Hunter 
 possessed less genius than his brother John, (from whom 
 he was long estranged,) but more scholarship and far more 
 amiability of temper. See Account of Hunter's Life and 
 Writings, by S. F. Symmons, M.D., 1783, Svo; Chambers 
 and Thomson's Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, iii. 147- 
 156; Lives of Brit. Physicians; Disraeli on the Literary 
 Character ; Lon. Month. Rev., vols. Ii., Ixxv., Ixxxvi., <fcc. 
 
 Hunter, William. Customs books, 1764-76. 
 
 Hunter, William. Songs, Edin., 1764, 12mo. 
 
 Hunter, William. Serais., Ac., 1771-84. 
 
 Hunter, William, d. 1815, surgeon in East Indies. 
 1. Account of Pegu, Calcut., 1785, r. Svo ; Lon., 1789, 
 12mo. In French, with Notes by M. Langles. 2. Caverns 
 near Bombay, Lon., 1788, 12mo; and in Archaeol., 1785. 
 3. Diseases incident to Indian Seamen, Calcutta, 1804, 
 '24, fol. 4. Con. to Mem. Med., 1799. 5. Con. to Trans. 
 Linn. Soc., 1807. 
 
 Hunter, William. Travels in 1792 through France, 
 Turkey, and Hungary, Lon., 1798, 2 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., 
 1803, 2 vols. Svo ; 70 copies on large paper. Severely 
 criticized by Lord Brougham in Edin. Rev., iv. 207-214. 
 Hunter also pub. several political works, 1794-1811. 
 
HUN 
 
 HUR 
 
 Huntingdon. See HUNTING-TON. 
 Huntingdon, Henry of. See HENRY. 
 Huntingford, Rev. Edward. Thoughts on some 
 portions of the Revelation of St. John the Divine, Lon., 
 1852, sm. 8vo. 
 
 Huntingford, George Isaac, D.D., 1748-1832, a 
 native of Winchester, educated at Winchester Coll. and 
 New Coll., Oxf. ; Master of Westminster School, 1772; 
 Warden of Winchester Coll., 1789 : Bishop of Gloucester, 
 1802 ; trans, to Hereford, 1815. He pub. a number of 
 educational works to facilitate the study of Greek and 
 Latin, some sermons, Thoughts on the Trinity, and other 
 theolog. treatises. In 1832, 8vo, was pub. by his nephew, 
 Henry Huntingford, the bishop's Theolog. Works, viz. : 
 Thoughts on the Trinity, (2d ed.,) Charges, <fcc. 
 
 "One of the most valuable presents which its Right Rev. 
 author could make or bequeath." Lon. Chris. Rememb. 
 
 " The author's reasoning is strict and manly, and his style is 
 scriptural, energetic, and appropriate." British Critic. 
 
 " His composition is easy without feebleness, and energetic 
 without stateliness." Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 See a biographical account of Bishop H. in Lon. Gent. 
 Mag., June and Dec. 1832. .See Blackw. Mag., xlii. 
 697-698. 
 
 Huntingford, Henry* ! Pindari Carmina, 1814, 
 8vo. 2. Dammi Lexicon Pindaricum, 1814, 8vo. 
 
 Huntingford, John. 1. Case of the Statute Laws 
 considered, Lon., 8vo. 2. Laws of Masters and Servants, 
 <fcc., 1790, 8vo. 
 
 Huntingford, Thomas, Vicar of Kempsford. 
 Testimonies in proof of the Separate Existence of the 
 Soul, Lon., 1829, sm. 8vo. Directed against the notion 
 of Archbishop Whately. See Lowndes's Brit Lib., 802. 
 Huntington, E. A. Farewell Serms., Albany, 
 1855, 8vo. 
 
 Huntington, Ebenezer. See HUNTINGTON, WIL 
 LIAM, S.S. 
 
 Huntington, Frederic D., D.D., Preacher to the 
 University, and Plutnmer Prof, of Christian Morals in 
 the College at Cambridge, b. at Hadley, Mass., May" 28, 
 1819; graduated at Amherst College, 1839; ordained 
 over South Congregational Church, Boston, Oct. 19, 1842 ; 
 appointed Preacher to the University and Plummer Pro 
 fessor of Christian Morals in Harvard College, 1855. Dr. 
 H. is the author of Lessons on the Parables of our Saviour, 
 Bost., 18mo ; Sermons for the People, 1856, 12mo ; about 
 twenty pamphlets, Sermons, Discourses, and Addresses; 
 contributor to the Monthly Religious Magazine, The 
 Christian Register, The Christian Examiner, Democratic 
 Review, &c. Compiler (with Dr. Hedge) of Hymns for 
 the Church of Christ. Editor of The Monthly Religious 
 Magazine and Independent Journal, and of American 
 edits, of the following works of the Rev. Wm. Mount- 
 ford, now a citizen of Boston : 1. Martyria, Bost, 1846, 
 12mo. 2. Euthanasy. 3. Christianity the Deliverance of 
 the Soul and its Life, 1846, 12ino. Also editor of an Ame 
 rican ed. of Archbp. Whately's Christian Morals, 1856, 
 12mo. A biographical and descriptive account of Dr. 
 Huntington will be found in Fowler's American Pulpit, 
 N. York, 1856, 289-315. 
 
 Huntington, J. F. Manual of Fine Arts, N. York, 
 1854, 12mo. 
 
 Huntington, Jedediah Vincent, b. in the city 
 of New York, Jan. 1815, was for some years a physician, 
 subsequently a clergyman of the Prot Epis. Church, and 
 has been since 1849 a Roman Catholic layman. He is at 
 present (1856) the editor of The Leader, a literary and 
 political weekly paper devoted to R. Catholic interests, 
 pub. at St. Louis, Mo. Mr. H. was formerly editor of The 
 Metropolitan (R. C.) Magazine, and has been a contri 
 butor to Blaekwood, The Knickerbocker, and other pe 
 riodicals. He is a brother of Daniel Huntington, of New 
 York, an eminent artist. 1. Poems, N. York, 1843, 12mo. 
 " He is classical and Words worthian. He, too, [like Longfel 
 low,] is deeply religious, and his poems have a sober hue; but 
 they are so carefully chiselled as to defy critical censure. ... A 
 considerable portion of this volume is occupied with fragments 
 and inscriptions from the Greek. These are, in general, elegantly 
 and faithfully done." Lon. Athenceum, 1844, pp. 7-8. 
 
 2. Lady Alice; or, The New Una, N. York and Lon., 
 1849, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Severely censured in the N. Amer. 
 Rev., Ixx. 225-237, by A. P. Peabody. 
 
 " The Lady Alice is the New Una. In the name of decency, let 
 her remain ' Una,' and be the Prima to no successor of her kith 
 and kin/' p. 237, ubi gupra. 
 
 " The tailoring of the story is a sublimation of Stultz, and the 
 religion is Puseyism run mad." Bost. Liv. Age, xxi. 409. 
 
 See also N.York Church Rev., ii. 505; South. Lit 
 Mess., xv. 529. 
 
 3. Alban; or, the History of a Young Puritan, 1S50. 
 The only complete and unrnutilated ed. is that pub. by 
 Redfield, N. York, 1853, 2 vols. 12mo. See Amer. Whig 
 Rev., xiv. 488. 
 
 4. The Forest: a Sequel to Alban, 1852, 12mo. 
 
 "The picture of American scenery is painted in bright and 
 vivid colours. The sports, the adventures, the perils, of an Indian 
 hunting-ground are put before the reader's mind with the sharp 
 outlines, the humour, and the breadth, of real life." Lon. At/ten., 
 1853, p. 13. 
 
 5. The Pretty Plate, by John Vincent, Esq., 1852, 16mo. 
 6. America Discovered; a Poem, 1853, 12mo. 
 
 TRANSLATIONS. 7. Franchere's Narrative of a Voyage to 
 the Northwest Coast of America in 1811-14, 12mo, 1854. 8. 
 Segur's Short and Familiar Answers to Objections against 
 Religion, 1854, ISnio. 9. Blonde and Brunette, 1859. 
 
 Huntington, Joseph, D.D., 1735-1794, a native 
 of Windham, Conn., grad. at Yale College in 1762, and 
 in 1763 was ordained pastor of the church in Coventry, 
 Conn. In addition to several serins, and theolog. trea 
 tises, pub. 1774-83, he was the author of a vol. entitled 
 Calvinism Improved, which was given to the world after 
 his death, in 1796. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet; 
 Sprague's Annals of the Amer. Pulpit, i. 602-607. 
 
 Huntington, Joshua, 1786-1819, minister of Bos 
 ton, Mass., grad. at Yale College in 1804, pub. Memoirs 
 of the Life of Abigail Waters, 1817. See Panopl., xvi. 
 529-535 ; N. Haven Chris. Month. Spec., i. 449. 
 
 Huutington, Robert, D.D., 1636-1701, a native of 
 Gloucestershire, Master of Trin. Coll., Dublin, 1683 ; 
 Bishop of Raphoe, 1701. Vita ejus et Epistolae, Editore 
 Thoma Smith, Lon., 1704,' 8vo. Bp. H. contributed a 
 paper to Phil. Trans., No. 161 : and some of his Observa 
 tions will be found in John Ray's Collection of Curious 
 Voyages and Travels, 1693, 2 vols. 8vo. See Biog. Brit. ; 
 Life, by Dr. Smith, ante. 
 
 Huntington, Susan, 1791-1823, wife of the Rev. 
 Joshua Huntington, (ante,) wrote the story of Little Lucy, 
 and a Letter to a Friend Recovered from Sickness, which 
 is tract No. 88 of the Amer. Tract Soc. Her Memoirs, 
 with her Letters, Journal, and Poetry, were pub. by B. B. 
 Wisner, 3d ed., 1829. Five edits, have been issued in 
 Scotland. See N. Haven Chris. Month. Spec., viii. 309. 
 
 Huntington, William, S.S., 1744-1813, for many 
 years a popular Calvinist Methodist preacher in London, 
 originally a labourer, pub. many serrns. and theolog. trea 
 tises, some controversial, others experimental. 
 
 His works were pub. in 1820, 20 vols. 8vo, 12. Select 
 Works, edited by his son, Ebenezer Huntington, 1838, 6 
 vols. 8vo. New ed. of his Works, 1856, 6 vols. demy 8vo, 
 2 2s. The last edit, is pub. by W. H. Collingridge, Lon., 
 who sells many of the different works separately. This 
 edit contains about fifty works " carefully printed from 
 Mr. Bensley's edition, without the least abridgment, at 
 about one-sixth of the original price." Bensley's edit is 
 the one above noticed in 20 vols., pub. at 12. Two vols. 
 of Huntington's Letters were pub. in 1851. The title S.S. 
 has doubtless puzzled many. We give the bearer's own 
 explanation : 
 
 " As I cannot get a D.D. for the want of cash, neither can I get 
 at M.A. for want of learning; therefore I am compelled to fly for 
 refuge to S.S., by which I mean Sinner Saved." 
 
 An account of Huntington, by Robert Southey, will be 
 found in a review of his works by the latter in the Lon. 
 Quar. Rev., xxiv. 462-510 ; see also Lowndes's Brit Lib., 
 641 ; T. B. Macaulay's Crit. and Hist. Essays, 1854, ii. 524- 
 525; Blackw. Mag., xlv. 232. 
 
 Hunt Icy and Jtingslcy. Argument upon a De 
 murrer in an Action of False Imprisonment, Lon., 1641, 
 4to. 
 
 Huntley, Henry. Observations in Morbis Nauta- 
 rum, Lon., 1728, 8vo. 
 
 Huntley, Capt. Sir Henry V., R.N. 1. Peregrine 
 Scramble ; or, Thirty Years' Adventures of a Blue Jacket, 
 Lon., 1849, 2 vols. p. 8vo. See Lon. Athenseum, 1849, p. 
 195. 2. Seven Years on the Slave Coast of West Africa, 
 1850, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 3. California: its Gold and its In 
 habitants, 1856, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 Huntley, Jjydia. See SIGOURNEY, MRS. LYDIA 
 HUNTLEY. 
 
 Huntley, William, i.e. Prynne, William. 
 
 I hi nt on , Philip, a Non-conformist divine. 1. Treat 
 ise of Monarchy, Lon., 1643-44, '89, 4to. 2. Vindic. of 
 No. 1, in answer to Dr. Fern's Reply, 1644, 4to. Anon. See 
 Athen. Oxon.; Nicolson's Hist Lib. Sir Robert Filmer 
 composed his Patriarcha in defence of the divine right of 
 kings, against Hunton. 
 
 Hurd, John C., Counsellor-at-law of the city of New 
 
HUR 
 
 HUR 
 
 Tork. The Law of Freedom and Bondage in the United 
 States, Bosk, 1858 : vol. i., 8vo. 
 
 " Justly entitled to the praise of being one of the most learned 
 works ever produced in this country." GEORGE S. HILLARD. 
 
 Hurd, John R. Hyponia; or, Thoughts on a Spiritual 
 Understanding of the Apocalypse, N. York, 1844, 8vo. 
 
 Hurd, Philip. Legal publications, 1814. 
 
 Hurd, Richard, D.D., 1720-1808, a native of Con- 
 greve, Staffordshire, admitted of Emanuel Coll., Camb., 
 1733; one of the Whitehall Preachers, 1750; Rector of 
 Thurcaston, 1757; Rector of Yolkton, Yorkshire, 1762; 
 Preacher of Lincoln's Inn, 1765; Archdeacon of Glouces 
 ter, 1767; Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, 1775; trans, 
 to Worcester, 1781; declined the Archbishopric of Canter 
 bury, 1783. His principal works are the following: 
 1. Commentary on Horace's Ars Poetica, 1749; 4th ed., 
 1763, 3 vols. 8vo. New ed., 1776. George Colman over 
 threw Kurd's Hypothesis, and Hurd admitted that Colman 
 was right. See COLMAN, GEORGE, the elder. See Hallam's 
 Lit. Hist, of Europe, ed. 1854, iii. 94, 509; Green's Diary 
 of a Lover of Lit., 1810, 41, 218. The eulogy lavished by 
 Hurd, in this Commentary, on Warburton, gained him the 
 friendship of that prelate. 2. Comment, on Horace's Epis- 
 tola ad Augustum ; with a Discourse on Poetical Imitation, 
 1751. Warburton considered this Commentary "one of 
 the most masterly pieces of criticism ever written." 
 
 "Hurd extracts an order and coherence which I am unable to 
 recognise in the original." Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., pp. 40, 
 
 3. Dialogues on Sincerity, Retirement, the Golden Age 
 of Elizabeth, and the Constitution of the English Govern 
 ment, 1759, 8vo. Anon. Repub. along with his Letters on 
 Chivalry and Romance, (pub. 1762, 8vo,) and Dialogues on 
 Foreign Travel, (pub. 1764, 8vo,) under the title of Dia 
 logues, Moral and Political, 1765, 3 vols. Svo ; 3d ed., 1771, 
 3 vols. sm. Svo. Again, 1788, 3 vols. Svo. The first ed. 
 (1759) contains some passages which were omitted in the 
 subsequent edit. ; but see Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., 
 p. 71. 
 
 " Dr. Hurd, it is well known, published, at one time of his life, 
 Moral and Political Dialogues, with a woeful Whiggish cast." 
 BoswelVs Life of Johnson. 
 
 " There is a dialogue by Dr. Hurd on the times and personal 
 qualities of Elizabeth, which is not long, and well worth reading, 
 where her character is very severely criticized." Prof. Smyth's 
 Lects. on Mod. Hist. 
 
 ' I have now seen the whole of the Letters on Chivalry, and am 
 wonderfully taken with them. They cannot but please all persons 
 of taste greatly. They are the petit-piece to that noble work, The 
 Dialogues, in which there is all the correctness of Addison's style, 
 and a strength of reasoning under the direction of judgment far 
 superior. The author is one of the best scholars in the kingdom, 
 and of parts and genius equal to his learning, and a moral cha 
 racter that adorns both." BISHOP WARBURTON. 
 
 " After all, there is something offensive to correct feeling and just 
 taste in thus imputing fictitious conversations to real personages; 
 and, though Mr. Hurd has executed his task with delicacy and 
 address, I cannot help thinking that he has set a mischievous 
 example." Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., p. 69. 
 
 4. Select Works of Abraham Cowley, 1769, 2 vols. Svo. 
 5. An Introduction to the Study of the Prophecies cone, 
 the Christian Church ; and in particular cone, the Ch. of 
 Papal Rome, 1772, Svo ; 1788, 2 vols. Svo. Repub. in col 
 lective edits, of his Works ; also new ed., with Prefatory 
 Remarks by Rev. E. Bickersteth, 1839, fp. Svo. 
 
 " He contends for the double sense of many of the prophecies. 
 On this subject, and on various other principles essential to the 
 right interpretation of the prophetic Scriptures, his work well 
 deserves to be consulted." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " This elegantly-written and learned volume has long been 
 known and duly appreciated by the public. The subject is here 
 opened in the most masterly and instructive manner by Bishop 
 Hurd." Horne's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " A judicious outline on the plan of Mede." Bicker steth's C. S. 
 
 See also Brit. Critic, 0. S., xxvii. 652-653. 
 
 " His style, abating a few affected impurities from quaint idioms 
 and colloquial cant, is really a fine one; and his account of Mede, 
 in the 10th Discourse, is in every respect in sublimity of concep 
 tion, and in felicity, force, and grandeur of expression worthy of 
 Burke." Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., pp. 163-164. 
 
 And see Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet., ed. 1840, ii. 60. 
 
 6. Serins, preached at Lincoln's Inn, 1776-80, 3 vols. 
 Svo; 1785, 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 " His style is always perspicuous, and often extremely elegant, 
 his method is natural and easy, and his manner in general simple 
 and frequently striking." Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 And see Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., 165-166. 
 
 7. Serms. preached before the Lords, 1777, 4to. 8. Works 
 of Bishop Warburton, 1788, 7 vols. 4to. New ed., 1811, 
 12 vols. Svo. 9. Life of Warburton, 1794, 4to. 10. Ad 
 dison's Works, with Philological Notes, 1810, 6 vols. Svo. 
 
 " Never were my bumble expectations more miserably disap 
 pointed! It seemed to me as a sad 'potato-roasting' performance 
 from such a quarter." Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, p. 613. 
 
 See ABDISON, JOSEPH ; GREENE, GEORGE WASHINGTON. 
 A collective ed. of Bishop Kurd's Works, with Life by 
 himself, appeared in 1811, 8 vols. Svo. This edit, com 
 prises (1.) Serms. and Charges; 2. Introduc. to the Study 
 of the Prophecies; 3. Moral and Political Dialogues; 
 4. Letters on Chivalry and Romance; 5. Critical Works 
 and Dissertations, including his Horace. In 1808, 4to, 
 1809, Svo, were pub. Warburton's Letters to Hurd, of 
 which a lively review by Lord Jeffrey will be found in 
 Edin. Rev., Jan. 1809; and in his contrib. to Edin. Rev., 
 Lon., 1853, 880-893. In addition to authorities cited 
 above, see Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors, and his Curi 
 osities of Lit.; Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; Goodhugh's Eng. 
 Gent. Lib. Man., 155-156 ; Lon. Quar. Rev., vii. 383, (by 
 Rev. T. D. Whitaker;) Blackw. Mag., xxix. 379, n. 901; 
 xxxvi. 427. 
 
 " The most sensible and judicious of modern critics." THOMAS 
 WARTON. 
 
 fl Warburton, and his imitator Hurd, and other living critics 
 of that school, are loaded with familiar idioms, which at present 
 would debase even the style of conversation." Disraeli's Miscett. 
 of Lit.: Style. 
 
 " Hurd has perhaps the merit of being the first who in this coun 
 try aimed at philosophical criticism : he had great ingenuity, a good 
 deal of reading, and a facility in applying it; but he did not feel 
 very deeply, was somewhat of a coxcomb, and having always before 
 his eyes a model neither good in itself nor made for him to emulate, 
 he assumes a dogmatic arrogance, which, as it always offends the 
 reader, so for the most part stands in the way of the author's own 
 search for truth." Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, 4th ed., Lon., 1854, 
 Hi. 475. n. 
 
 Hurd, Seth T. Grammatical Corrector, Phila., 1847, 
 12mo. 
 
 Hurd, Win., D.D. 1. View of all the Religious Rites, 
 Ceremonies, and Customs of the Whole World, fol., . a. 
 New ed., Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1812, 4to. Frequently 
 recommended by Dr. Saml. Parr. 
 
 Hurdis, George. French Finances, 1818. 
 
 Hurdis, James, D.D., 1763-1801, a native of Sussex, 
 educated at St. Mary's Hall and Magdalene Coll., Oxf. ; 
 Rector of Bishopstone, 1791 ; Prof, of Poetry at Oxford, 
 1793. He pub. a number of Poems, Lectures on Poetry, 
 Sermons, and theolog. works. A collective ed. of his 
 Poetical Works was pub. at Oxford in 1808, 3 vols. Svo. 
 Reviewed in Lon. Retrosp. Rev., vol. i. (1S20) 58-70. The 
 critic remarks that Hurdis bad imbibed so much of the 
 manner and spirit of the author of The Task 
 
 " As to entitle him, without much inaccuracy, to the title of a 
 disciple of Cowper." 
 
 Hurdis's best-known poetical compositions are The Vil 
 lage Curate, 1788, tragedy of Sir Thomas More, 1792, and 
 The Favourite Village, 1800. His theological works are 
 1. A Short Critical Disquisition on the true meaning of 
 the word DyjilH [which he contends signifies the Croco 
 dile] found in Genesis i. 21, Lon., 1790, Svo. 2. Select 
 Critical Remarks upon the Eng. Version of the First Ten 
 Chaps, of Genesis, 1793, Svo. 3. 12 Dissert, on Psalm 
 and Prophecy, 1800, Svo. 
 
 "His observations on the beginning of Genesis are very judi 
 cious." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 See life prefixed by Miss Hurdis to the Oxford ed. of 
 his Poems; Hayley's Life of Cowper; Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 Hurford, Mrs. John, of Altrincham. 1. Com 
 pendious Chart of Ancient Hist, and Biography. 2. Brief 
 Summary of Ancient Hist., 12mo. To accompany No. 1. 
 
 "This Chart is constructed with great ingenuity. ... It in 
 some measure combines the advantages of both Dr. Priestley's 
 charts, the Biographical and Historical." Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 Hurlbut, E. P. 1. Civil Offices and Political Ethics, 
 N. York, 1844, 12mo. 2. Essays on Human Rights and 
 their Political Guarantees, 1845, 12mo. With Pref. by 
 G. Combe, Lon., 1847, r. Svo. 
 
 Hurlbut, William Henry, b. July 3, 1827, in 
 Charleston, S.C., graduated at Harvard Univ. 1847. Gan 
 Eden ; or, Pictures of Cuba, Bost., 1854, 12mo; Lon., 1855, 
 16mo, (vol. xc. of Longman's Travellers' Lib.) A versatile 
 writer of ability. He has contributed largely to American 
 periodicals and to the Edinburgh and other British Quar 
 terlies. 
 
 Hurlestone, Randall. Newes from Rome cono. 
 the Masse, Ac., Canterb. *. a., 16mo, Hibbert, 4073, 2 5. 
 
 Hurley, Absalom. On Non-Residence,Lon.,1759,4to. 
 
 Hurlock, Joseph. Dentition, Lon., 1742, Svo. 
 
 Hurlstone, Edwin T. 1. Prac. Treat, on the Law 
 of Bonds, Phila., 1835, Svo. 2. Excheq. Reports : see 
 HORN, HENRY. 
 
 Hurlstone, Thomas. Plays and Novels, Lon., 
 1792-1803. See Biog. Dramat.; Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Hurly, James. Astronomy, Lon., 1771, 8vo. 
 
 Hurn, Wm. Poems, Lon., 1777 '84, both 4to. 
 
 Hum, Wm. Principles of the Church, Lon., 1790, Svo. 
 
IIUR 
 
 HUT 
 
 Hnrrion, John, 1675P-1731, a Congregational 
 minister at Denton, Norfolk, and subsequently in Hare 
 Court, London, was the author of some excellent sermons 
 and theological treatises, the best-known of which is that 
 on the Holy Spirit, (in XVI. Serms. at Pinner's Hall,) 
 1734, Svo. An edit, of his Discourses was pub. in 1727, 
 3 vols. Svo; and his Whole Works, now first collected, 
 with a Life, appeared in 1823, 3 vols. 12mo. There have 
 been also new edits, of several of his works. 
 
 "For the great and judicious Hurrion's XVI. Sermons, [on the 
 Holy Spirit,] I have no words to express my esteem. They com 
 mand wonder, and exceed all my recommendation." Ry land's 
 Cotton Mather's Student. 
 
 " He appears from his publications to have been a close reasoner, 
 and very capable of exhausting a subject. His style is natural, 
 unaffected, and manly; possessing a gravity without dulness, and 
 smartness that never degenerates into levity." WALTER WILSON. 
 
 Drs. Ridgley, Gill, and other authorities, also highly 
 commend Hurrion's works. And see Lon. Evangel. Mag., 
 Jan. 1827. 
 
 Hurry, Mrs. Ives, formerly Miss Mitchell, pub. a 
 number of Tales for Young Persons, Lon., 1797-1803, <&c. 
 
 Hurry, Thomas. Interest Tables, Lon., 1786, 12mo. 
 
 Hurst, Henry. Serms., 1659-90. 
 
 Hurst, Richard. Trans, of M. Gombauld's prose 
 Romance, Endyrnion, Lon., 1637, Svo. Hurst was Secre 
 tary to Sir Rob. Anstruther, Ambassador from England 
 to Vienna. 
 
 Hurst, Thomas, D.D. Serms., 1637-44. 
 
 Hursthouse, Charles, Jr. 1. Acct. of New Ply 
 mouth in N. Zealand, Lon., 1849, p. Svo. A work of 
 authority. 2. Emigration : Where to Go and Who should 
 Go, 1852, 12mo. 
 
 Hurtley,Thomas. Curiosities near Malham,1786,Svo. 
 
 Hurton, Wm. 1. Poems, Lon., 1845, 12md. 2. A 
 Voyage from Leith to Lapland, 1851, 2 vols. p. Svo ; 1852, 
 8vo. 3. The Doomed Ship ; or, The Wreck of the Arctic 
 Regions, 1855, 12mo. 
 
 Hurwitz, Hyman, Prof, of Hebrew in Univ. Coll., 
 London. 1. Elements of the Hebrew Language, Pt. 1, 
 Orthography, Lon., 1807, Svo ; 4th ed., 1848, Svo. 2. 
 Etymology and Syntax of the Hebrew Language ; 4th ed., 
 1850, Svo. 3. Hebrew Grammar j 4th ed., 1850, Svo. 
 
 " Mr. Hurwitz's Grammar is the best elementary work of its kind 
 extant in the English language." Lon. Jour, of Education, No. IX. 
 
 4. Vindicise Hebraicae ; or, A Defence of the Hebrew 
 Scriptures, 1820, 8vo. 
 
 "A most admirable work." ion. Quar. Rev. 
 
 We have already noticed this answer to the misrepre 
 sentations of John Bellamy, q. v. See also Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Husband, Edward. 1. Collect, of Passages be 
 tween the King and Parliament, Dec. 1641, to Mar. 1643, 
 4to. 2. Collect of all the Public Orders, <fcc. of Parlia 
 ment, Mch. 19, 1642, to Dec. 1646, fol., 1646. 
 
 Husband, J., of Neston. Five Serms., Lon., 1829,8vo. 
 
 Huskell, Rev. John. Avon ; a Poem, 1811. 
 
 Huskinson, Eliza. The Song of the Spheres; a 
 Poem, Lon., 1853, fp. Svo. 
 
 Huskisson, William, M.P., 1770-1830, a native 
 of Birch-Moreton, Worcestershire, an eminent statesman, 
 lost his life in consequence of having his legs crushed by 
 a steam-engine at the opening of the Liverpool and Man 
 chester Railway. A collective edit, of his Speeches, [both 
 in and out of Parliament,] with a Brief Memoir, was pub., 
 Lon., 1831, 3 vols., 2 2s. in Svo or 3 3s. in r. Svo. 
 Amer. ed., edited by Robert Walsh, Phila., Svo. His 
 Speeches on Corn-Laws, Currency, and Commerce, are 
 among the best in the language. 
 
 " The Speeches of Mr. Huskisson ought to be the manual of 
 financiers." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 " To the political and commercial world, a work of greater in 
 terest than the present could not be offered." Lon. Lit. Gaz. 
 
 See also the Spectator, Times, Courier, and the Asiatic 
 Journal. 
 
 *v" ? e had great P wers of thought and application, but neither 
 the nre of genius nor the soul of poetry in his character." SIR 
 ARCHIBALD ALISON: Hist, of Europe, 1789-1815, q.v. 
 
 See also his Hist of Europe, 1815-52,- Life, prefixed to 
 Speeches ; Index to Blackw. Mag., vols. i.-l. j Eraser's 
 Mag., ii. 251 ; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1830, Pt. 2, 265, 366, 
 649, 650. Huskisson contributed much personal assist 
 ance to Wm. Jacob's Hist. Inquiry into the Production 
 and Consumption of the Precious Metals, 1831, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Hussey, A. Notes on Ancient Churches in the 
 Counties of Kent, Sussex, and Surrey, Lon., 1852, Svo 
 
 Hussey, Christopher, D.D., Rector of West Wick- 
 ham, Kent. 1. XII. Serms., Lon., 1753, Svo. 2. XX. 
 Serms., 1758, Svo. 
 
 " The author has given strong evidences of critical saeacitv and 
 solid judgment." Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 Hussey, G. Hist, &c. of the World, Lon., 1670. 
 12mo. 
 
 Hussey, Garret, M.D. On Fever, Dubl., 1784, Svo. 
 
 "An attempt to revive "the old doctrine of Error Loci." Dr. 
 Watt's Bib. Brit. 
 
 Hussey, Joseph, a Congregational Calvinist divine 
 of Cambridge, England. 1. Serms., 1693, Svo. 2. Serm., 
 1704, 4to. 3. Glory of Christ Unveiled, 1706, 4to. 4. 
 God's Operations of Grace, 1707, Svo, Recently repub. 
 Hussey's works are scarce. See Wilson's Hist, of Dis 
 senting Churches; Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 738, 746. 
 
 Hussey, Robert, 1801-1856, Regius Prof, of Eccles. 
 Hist, Oxf., late Censor of Christ Church, and Whitehall 
 Preacher. 1. Serms., Oxf., 1849, 8vo. 2. The Papal Su 
 premacy, 1851, 12mo. 
 
 Hussey, T. J., D.D., Rector of Hayes, Kent The 
 Holy Bible, with a Comment; in Pts. r. Svo, 1843, <fec. 
 
 Hussey, Mrs. T. J. Illustrations of British My 
 cology, 1849-55: 1st Sen, 90 col'd Plates, 7 12*. 6e/.; 
 2d Ser., 50 col'd Plates, 4 10s. A splendid work. See 
 Lon. Gardener's Chronicle. 
 
 Hussey, Thomas, R. Catholic Bishop of Waterford, 
 the principal founder of Maynooth College, pub. a number 
 of Sermons. His 
 
 " Eloquence in the pulpit was really great, but it rather subdued 
 than satisfied reason." CHARLES BUTLER. 
 
 Hussey, Wm. Theolog. treatises, <fcc., Lon., 1646-47. 
 
 Hussey, Wm. Letters to a Brother, 1811, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Hussey, Wm. 1. A Monitor for Young Ministers of 
 the Gospel, Lon., 1828, 12mo. 
 
 " Sound sense, solid argument, and sober advice." Lon. Chris. 
 Rememb. 
 
 2. Explan. of the Order and Contents of the Bible. 
 
 Huston, C. Land-Titles in Penna,, Phila., 1849, Svo. 
 
 " The author is thoroughly versed on this subject." JUDGE R. 
 C.GRIER. 
 
 Hutcheson, Archibald, d. 1740, pub. several works 
 on politics, political economy, <fec., the most important of 
 which is the Collec. of Treatises relating to the National 
 Debts and Funds, Lon., 1721, '25, 2 vols. fol. Hwtcheson 
 suggested a mode of paying off the public delft, for an 
 account of which see Hume's Essay on Public Credit; 
 McCulloch's Lit of Polit Econ., 319; Blackw. Mag., 
 xxiii. 345. 
 
 Hutcheson, C. Southern Mariners, a Tale of Pata 
 gonia; a Poem, Lon., 1853, 12mo. 
 
 Hutcheson, Francis, 1694-1747, a native of the 
 North of Ireland, where his father was a Presbyterian 
 minister, entered the University of Glasgow in 1710, 
 studied divinity, and was licensed to preach. When 
 about to assume the pastoral charge of a small Presbyte 
 rian congregation in the North of England, he was per 
 suaded to open an academy in Dublin, Avhich was liberally 
 encouraged. In 1729 he became Professor of Moral Phi 
 losophy in the Univ. of Dublin. In 1725 he pub. An In 
 quiry into the Original of our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue, 
 and in 1728 an Essay on the Passions and Affections. He 
 also pub. some manuals for his class, <fec. His great work 
 A System of Moral Philosophy, with the Life, Writings, 
 and Character of the Author, by Dr. Wm. Leechman was 
 pub. by his son, Francis Hutcheson, M.D., in 1755, Glas 
 gow, 2 vols. 4to. His Letters on Virtue appeared in 1772, 
 Svo. Hutcheson is a warm advocate of the doctrine of an 
 implanted moral sense, intended as a governing principle 
 in the conduct of human actions. He undoubtedly did 
 much to increase he may almost be said to have esta 
 blished the school of Shaftesbury and Butler in Scotland. 
 At this we need not marvel, when we read the glowing 
 tribute paid to his philosophical orations by an eminent 
 authority of our own day : 
 
 " His Lectures, by their copious illustrations, their amiable tone 
 of feeling, their enlightened views of liberty and human improve 
 ment, and their persuasive eloquence, made a deeper impression 
 than the more severe and dry compositions of Butler could ever 
 create, and laid the foundation in Scotland of the modern ethical 
 school." LORD BROUGHAM : Lives of Philosophers of the Time of 
 Geo. HI., art. Adam Smith, ed. 1855, 166. 
 
 " Butler and Hutcheson coincided in the two important posi 
 tions, that disinterested affections, and a distinct moral faculty, 
 are essential parts of human nature. Hutcheson is a chaste and 
 simple writer, who imbibed the opinions without the literary faults 
 of his master, Shaftesbury. He has a clearness of expression and 
 fulness of illustration which are wanting in Butler. But he is 
 inferior to both these writers in the appearance at least of origi 
 nality, and to Butler especially in that philosophical courage 
 which, when it discovers the fountains of truth and falsehood, 
 leaves others to follow the streams. ... Hutcheson was the father 
 of the modern school of philosophy in Scotland." SIR JAME8 
 MACKINTOSH : Prelim. Dissert. Encyc. Brit., and in his Works, 1854, 
 i. 127, 129. 
 
 But the honour assigned to Hutcheson in the last para 
 graph cannot pass unchallenged. This distinction is 
 
HUT 
 
 HUT 
 
 awarded, by the great philosopher who has just closed his 
 eyes upon the world, to Hutcheson's predecessor at Glas 
 gow: 
 
 '^Carmichael may be regarded, on good grounds, as the real 
 founder of the Scottish school of philosophy." SIR WILLIAM 
 HAMILTON : Reid's Collected Writings, p. 30. 
 
 The attention of the reader is called to Dr. Leechman's 
 Life of Hutcheson, noticed above : 
 
 " A fine piece of philosophical biography." SIR JAMES MACKIN 
 TOSH : ubi supra. 
 
 See also Biog. Brit, Supp. ; Tytler's Life of Kames ; 
 Stewart's Life of Dr. Adam Smith. 
 
 Hutcheson, George, one of the ministers of Edin 
 burgh. 1. Expos, of the XII. Small Prophets, 1655, 3 
 vols. sm. 8vo ; 1657, fol. ; best edit. 
 
 " The book presents much in little, and breathes out much of 
 God and godliness." E. CALAMY. 
 
 "Spiritual, full, pithy, and evangelical." BickersteWs C. S. 
 
 " Deserves the same character as the author's other work on Job." 
 Dr. E. Williams' s C. P. 
 
 See Nos. 2 and 3. 
 
 2. Expos, of the Gospel according to John, 1657, fol. ; 
 1841, r. Svo. 
 
 " Very full in drawing out the various practical lessons on every 
 verse." Bicker steWs C. S. 
 
 " They [Expositions of the Minor Prophets and of John] are very 
 excellent pieces of composition, as doctrinal and practical works, 
 in which department all the writers of this class excelled." 
 Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 See No. 1. 
 
 3. Expos, upon Job; being the sum of 316 Lects., 1669, 
 fol. 
 
 " It contains many valuable observations." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 "A work of considerable merit. His method is perspicuous, 
 and his observations founded on the text are judicious and pro 
 fitable." Williams' s C. P. 
 
 See No. 1. 
 
 "Full and evangelical." Bicker steMs C. S. 
 
 Calamy compliments Hutcheson by calling him " another 
 David Dickson." 4, XIV. Serms. upon the 130th Psalm, 
 Edin., 1691, Svo. 
 
 Hutcheson, Gilbert. Treat, on Offices of Justice 
 of the Peace, Constable, &c., Edin., 1806, 3 vols. r. Svo; 
 1815, 4 vols. r. Svo. A work of authority. 
 
 Hutcheson, Robert K. 1. Excise Informations, 
 Ac., Brisk, 1797, Svo. 2. Excise Laws, &c., Lon., 179S, 
 Svo. 
 
 Hutchings, Thomas. Serm., Lon., 1810, Svo. 
 
 Hutchins, Hutchin, or Hutchings, Edward, 
 pub. several serms. and theolog. treatises. See Bliss's 
 Wood's Athen. Oxon., ii. 452-453. 
 
 Hutchins, John, 169S-1773, a native of Bradford- 
 Peverel, educated at Balliol College, was Rector of the 
 Church of the Holy Trinity at Warehain. Hist, and Antiq. 
 of County of Dorset, Lon., 1774, 2 vols. fol. Posth. 2d ed., 
 corrected and augmented and improved by R. Gough and 
 John B. Nichols, 1796-1815, 4 vols. fol., 50 ; large paper, 
 70. A most valuable work. See Upcott's Eng. Topog.; 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; Bibl. Top. Brit., No. 34 ; Nichols's 
 Lit. Anec. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. 
 Ixxxi. 
 
 Hutchins, Richard, D.D., d. 1781, Vicar of Cul- 
 worth. 1. III. Discourses, 1771. 2. X. Serms., 17S2, Svo. 
 
 Hutchins, Thomas, 1730 ?-1789, Chaplain R. Army, 
 subsequently Geographer-General of the United States, 
 was a native of Monmouth, New Jersey. 1. Boquet's Ex- 
 pedit. against the Ohio Indians, Phila., 1765 ; Lon., 1766, 
 4to, pp. 14 and 71 , 5 Plates. Two of the plates are from 
 designs by Benjamin West. In French, Amster., 1769. 
 
 " The accounts here laid before the public appear to be perfectly 
 authentic, and they are drawn up with equal perspicuity and ele 
 gance." Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 2. A Topog. Descrip. of Virginia, Penna., Maryland, 
 and N. Carolina, Lon., 1778, Svo, pp. 67 ; 3 Plates. In 
 French, Paris, 1781. 3. Hist, Narrative, and Topog. De- 
 scrip, of Louisiana and West Florida, Phila., 1784, pp. 94. 
 4. Three papers in Phil. Trans., 1775, 76, '83. 5. Paper 
 in Trans. Amer. Soc., ii. 50. 
 
 Hutchinson. Authority of Councils, Lon., 1687, Svo. 
 See Gibson's Preservative, v. 137. 
 
 Hutchinson. Commercial Restraints of Ireland,17 
 Very rare. Burned by the common hangman. The 
 Rt. Hon. Henry Flood once said that he would give 
 thousand guineas for a copy, rather than that his library 
 should be without the book. 
 
 Hutchinson, Mrs. Early Education of Children, 
 Lon., 1854, 12mo. 
 
 Hutchinson, A. See HOWARD, V. E. 
 
 Hutchinson, Alexander C., M.D. 1. Operation 
 
 for Popliteal Aneurisms, Lon., 1811, Svo. 2. Con. to 
 
 Medico-Chirurg. Trans., 1811, '13, '14. 
 
 Hutchinson, Rev. B. 1. On the Dryness of the 
 Fear 1788 ; Phil. Trans., 1789. 2. Of a Luminous Arch ; 
 bid., 1790. 
 
 Hutchinson, Benjamin, of the Company of Sur 
 geons, London. Biographia Medica, Lon., 1789, 2 vols. 
 Svo. This is an account of Medical Characters of all 
 ages, with lists of their works. 2. Tartarized Antimony; 
 Mem. Med., 1799. 
 
 Hutchinson, Cyril. Two Serms., Lon., 1S37, Svo. 
 
 Hutchinson, Enoch. Uhlemann's Syriac Gram 
 mar; trans, from the German, with addits., Phila., 1S56, 
 Svo, pp. 367. 
 
 Hutchinson, Francis, d. about 1739, minister of 
 Bury St. Edmund's, Suffolk, Bishop of Down and Connor, 
 1720. He pub. three serms., 1692, '98, 1707 ; a View of 
 the pretended Spirit of Prophecy, <fec., 1708, Svo; and 
 the following works : 1. Life of Archbishop Tillotson, 
 1718. Abridged- in Wordsworth's Eccles. Biog. 2. An 
 Historical Essay on Witchcraft, 171S, Svo; 2d ed., with 
 addits., 1720, 8vo. A curious work, containing a chro 
 nological table of those who were burnt as witches in New 
 England, &c. From p. 95 to 122 (of 2d ed.) we have an 
 account of the witchcraft-history of Salem, Boston, and 
 Andover. 3. Defence of the Ancient Historians relative 
 to Ireland, G. Brit., and other Northern Nations, DubL, 
 1734, Svo. 
 
 Hutchinson, Henry. Drainage of Land, Lon., 
 1844, Svo. 
 
 " The contents show a very sound professional knowledge, with 
 a correct judgment on the practical subject." Donaldson's Agri- 
 cult. Biog. 
 
 Hutchinson, John, 1674-1737, a layman, the 
 founder of the Hutchinsonian school of Biblical interpreta 
 tion, a native of Spennithorne, Yorkshire, was educated 
 at the village school, and subsequently became steward 
 and afterwards riding-purveyor to the Duke of Somerset. 
 His Philosophical and Theological Works were pub. by 
 Julius Bate and Robert Spearman, Lon., 1749-65, 12 vols. 
 Svo. The Contents of these vols. are as follows. 1 and 2. 
 Moses's Principia. 3. Moses sine Principio. 4. The Con 
 fusion of Tongues and Trinity of the Gentiles. 5. A 
 Treatise on Power, Essential and Mechanical. 6. Glory 
 or Gravity, Essential and Mechanical. 7. The Hebrew 
 Writings Complete. 8 and 9. The Religion of Satan, or 
 Anti-Christ delineated; also, The Use of Reason recovered 
 by the Data in Christianity. 10. The Human Frame; or, 
 Agents that circulate the Blood explained. 11. Glory 
 Mechanical. 12. Tracts. To these vols. should be added 
 the Supp. to Hutchinson's Works, by Robert Spearman, 
 1765, Svo. For an account of the Hutchinsonian system, 
 see A Defence of John Hutchinson's Tenets, by Julius 
 Bate, 1751, Svo; An Abstract of the Works of John 
 Hutchinson, Esq., being a Summary of his Discoveries in 
 Philosophy and Divinity, (by Robert Spearman,) Edin., 
 1755, 12mo; Analysis of Hutchinsonianism, by Wm. 
 Jones, of Nayland, in Pref. t his 2d ed. of the Life of 
 Bishop Home ; Floyd's Bibliotheca Biographica, end of 
 vol. iii., (by Robert Spearman ;) Orme's Bibl. Bib. ; art. 
 BATE, JULIUS, and Works there cited, in Watt's Bibl. Brit, 
 and in this Dictionary. 
 
 "The works of Hutchinson are entitled to notice, as their 
 author was the founder of a school of philosophy and theology to 
 which some of the most celebrated men of the last century be 
 longed. However absurd many of its speculations seem to be, 
 there must be a plausibility in the leading principles of a system 
 which engaged the attention and support of such men as Pre 
 sident Forbes and Bishop Home, Mr. Parkhurst and Bishop 
 Horsley. The leading idea of Hutchinson is that the Hebrew 
 Scriptures contain the elements of all rational philosophy as well 
 as of genuine religion. That philosophy he opposes to the New 
 tonian ; and hence he wrote his Moses Principia, or a commentary 
 on the Mosaic account of the creation and the deluge. His Moses 
 sine Principio contains an account of the fall, and of other sub 
 jects connected with it. His work on the confusion of tongues 
 is very ingenious ; in which he attempts to prove that it was not 
 a diversity of language, but of religion, which took place at Babel. 
 His Trinity of the Gentiles gives a view of ancient mythology 
 and idolatry considered chiefly as a corruption of the true religion. 
 In the Covenant of the Cherubim he gives a view of the perfection 
 of the Hebrew Scriptures, and of the Covenant of the Divine Three 
 for the redemption of man. Hutchinson is an obscure, and, at the 
 same time, a most dogmatical and abusive, writer. It is often ex 
 ceedingly difficult to ascertain his meaning, and still more diffi 
 cult to acquiesce in it when ascertained. That he and his scholars 
 have contributed considerably to the interpretation of the Bible, 
 it would be wrong to deny. They have done a good deal, at the 
 same time, to injure and clog the science of criticism." Orme's 
 Bibl. Bib. 
 
 "I have been in the habit of considering Hutchinsonianism as 
 a tissue of fancies unsupported by reason or Scripture; and all 
 that has occurred to me to read on that system has confirmed 
 that impression." EGBERT HALL: Works, ed. 1853, v. 534. 
 
 Hutchinson attacks Dr. John Woodward's Essays to- 
 
HUT 
 
 HUT 
 
 wards a Natural History of the Earth, as well as the 
 Principia of Sir Isaac Newton. 
 
 Hutchinson, Rev. Julius. See BUTCHINSON, 
 LUCY. 
 
 Hutchinson, Rev. John. See HUTCHINSON, 
 THOMAS. v 
 
 Hutchinson, Lucy, b. 1619-20 a daughter of Sir 
 Allan Apsley, and widow of Col. John Hutchinson, the 
 Governor of Nottingham Castle and town, and one of the 
 judges of Charles L, wrote Memoirs of her husband's 
 life and of her own, which were all first pub. from her 
 MS. by their descendant, the Rev. Julius Hutchinson, 
 1806, Lon., 4to; 1810, 4to; 1810, 2 vols. Svo; 1846, sq., 
 (Bohn's Stand. Lib., vol. xiii.) 
 
 " We have not often met with any thing more interesting and 
 curious than this volume." LOED JEFFREY: Edin. Rev., xiii. 
 25, q. v. 
 
 See also his review of the Memoirs of Lady Fanshawe> 
 Edin. Rev., 1. 75-85 ; and FANSHAWE, ANN HARBISON, 
 LADY, in this Dictionary. 
 
 " I have seldom been so deeply interested by any book as this." 
 ROBERT SOUTHET : Life and Corresp. 
 
 " Our readers probably remember what Mrs. Hutchinson tells 
 us of herself," &c. T. B. MACAULAY: Crit. and Hist. Essays, 
 1854, ii. 292. 
 
 "Great is the praise due to the fluent and na'ive style of the 
 author of the Memoirs of Colonel Hutchinson. The author was 
 the wife and widow of the colonel, a woman of equal spirit, 
 talent, and virtue." IHbdin's Lib. Comp., 1825, 563. 
 
 " The editor has not exaggerated when he recommends his book 
 to the ladies as more entertaining than most novels." Lon. Crit. 
 Rev. 
 
 "A book of singular interest and importance." Censura 
 Literaria. 
 
 "A valuable addition to our records, and justly entitled to 
 stand by the side of Rushworth, Clarendon, and Ludlow." Lon. 
 Month. Rev. 
 
 See also Oxford Review ; Hallam's Constit. Hist, of 
 England, ed. 1854, ii. 324, 366. 
 
 Hutchinson, Lucy. Christian Religion, 1817. 
 
 Hutchinson, Michael, D.D. Serm., (1716?) 8vo. 
 
 Hutchinson, Richard Hely, Earl of Donough- 
 more. 1. Speech in H. of Lords, 1810, 8vo. 2. Do., 
 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Hutchinson, Roger, d. 1555, an early Reformer, 
 Fellow of St. John's Coll., Camb., 1543, and of Eton 
 Coll., 1550. Theolog. Works, edited for the Parker Soc. 
 by John Bruce, Camb., 1842, 8vo. 
 
 " If I am at all able to judge, he is a man of profound under 
 standing, of singular learning, and yields scarcely to any one in 
 strictness of life and clear judgment of religion : he is true- 
 hearted, and is most strenuously averse from popery." ROGER 
 
 ASCHAM. 
 
 Hutchinson, Samuel, d. 1780, Bishop of Killala 
 and Achonry, 1759. Serm., Dubl., 1761, 4to. 
 
 Hutchinson, T. J. Narrative of the Niger, 
 Tshadda, and Binue Expedition, Lon., 1855, 16mo. 
 
 " A useful contribution to the history of African enterprise." 
 Lon. Athenceum, 1856, pp. 548-549. 
 
 Hutchinson, Thomas, D.D., Preb. of Chichester. 
 Serms. and theolog. treatises, 1738, '45., '46. 
 
 Hutchinson, Thomas. Xenophontis Opera Graecae 
 et Latine, cum Notis Variorum, Oxon., 1727-35, 2 vols. 4to. 
 (See also Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1994-95.) Spelman highly 
 commends this edit. See also Harwood's View of the 
 Greek and Roman Classics; Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 
 1825, 143. 
 
 Hutchinson, Thomas, 1711-1780, graduated at 
 Harvard College, 1727; Chief-Justice of the" Province 
 of Massachusetts, 1760; Lieutenant-Governor, 1758-71; 
 Governor, 1771-74. He was superseded by General Gage 
 May 13, 1774, and on the first of the following month 
 sailed for England, where he was in the receipt of a pen 
 sion until his death at Brompton, June 3, 1780. He was 
 very unpopular in Massachusetts on account of his oppo 
 sition to the principles of American liberty; and his dis 
 grace was completed -by the publication of some of his 
 private letters, of the same tendency, to an ex-member of 
 the British Parliament. These, with some others, were 
 discovered in England by Benjamin Franklin, and by him 
 gent back to Massachusetts to Dr. Cooper, with an injunc 
 tion that they should not be copied nor published. 1. The 
 Hist, of the Province of Massachusetts Bay from 1628 to 
 1749, vol. i., Boat., 1764, 8vo; Lon., 1765, 8vo. The date 
 1760 which appears on some title-pages is erroneous. Vol. 
 ii., Bost, 1767, 8vo; Lon., 1768, 8vo; 3d ed. of vols. i. 
 and ii., with addit. Notes and Corrects., Salem, Mass., 1775, 
 2 vols. 8vo. Vol. iii., being a Continuation from 1749 to 
 1774, now first printed from the author's MSS., by his 
 grandson, the Rev. John Hutchinson, of Trentham, Eng 
 land, Lon., 1828, 8vo. A continuation of vols. i. and ii. 
 
 of Hutchinson's Hist., bringing the history from 1748 
 down to 1765, was written by George Richards Minot, and 
 pub. vol. i., Bost, 1798, Svo ; vol. ii., 1803, 8vo. To Hutch- 
 nson's History the collector must add (2.) A Collection 
 of Original Papers relative to the Hist, of the Colony of 
 Massachusetts Bay, Bost, 1769, Svo, pp. 576. These were 
 pub. by Hutchinson 
 
 "To support and elucidate the principal facts related in the first 
 part of the History of Massachusetts Bay, and may serve as an 
 appendix to it. ... The author of that history was possessed of 
 many other ancient and very curious original papers, which are 
 irrecoverably lost by an unfortunate event, sufficiently known." 
 
 The reference here is to the destruction of his papers at 
 the time of the Stamp Act riots in Boston, in 1765. Hutch 
 inson also pub. some political pamphlets. See Warren; 
 Minot; the Histories of this period; Allen's Amer. Biog. 
 Diet; Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova; Review of Hutchinson's 
 3d volume, in N. Amer. Review, xxxviii. 134-158 ; Review 
 of Dr. Hosack's Memoir of Dr. Hugh Williamson, in N. 
 Amer. Rev., xi. 31-37, (by Edward Everett;) Review of 
 Hubbard's Hist, of New England, in N. Amer. Rev., ii. 
 223, (by James Savage;) Review of Documentary Hist, 
 of the Revolution, in N. Amer. Rev., xlvi. 477-478, (by 
 George Bancroft ;) HUBBARD, WILLIAM, in this Dictionary. 
 "Hutchinson, whose writing is more worthy of the dignified 
 title of history than any other American composition during our 
 colonial state." JAMES SAVAGE : ubi supra. 
 
 " The only monument of his mind is his History of Massachu 
 setts, written with lively inquisitiveness and a lawyer-like criti 
 cism ; though without a glimpse of the great truths which were 
 the mighty causes of the revolutions he describes. He was philo 
 sophic, if to know somewhat of the selfish principles in man be 
 philosophy ; otherwise he was blind, except to facts." GEORGE BAN 
 CROFT : ubi supra. 
 
 " The reputation of Governor Hutchinson's History of Massa 
 chusetts rests on the solid basis of utility and truth. As a full, 
 correct, and faithful account of the rise and progress of an import 
 ant portion of our country, it is of inestimable value." JUDGE 
 DAVIS. 
 
 " He laboured hard in the field of our colonial antiquities, pro 
 ducing for a result two volumes of early history, which will ever 
 be considered a mine of wealth by all future historians and anti 
 quaries ; though their minuteness of detail and fidelity of research 
 will not compensate with most general readers for their length 
 and moderate literary execution." N. Amer. Rev., xlvi. 137. 
 
 " He wrote a good substantial history. It has been well con 
 tinued by Minot." Blackw. Mag., xvii. 58: American Writers, 
 No. 4. 
 
 Hutchinson, Lt.- Col. W.N. Dog-Breaking; the 
 most Expeditious, Certain, and Easy Method, Lon., 1848, 
 '50, fp. 8vo. 
 
 "A more opportune, a pleasanter, a more useful book to the 
 sportsman than this has not been published for many a day. The 
 author is a practical man, and almost every thing he writes about 
 dog-breaking may be relied on. He is most varied and minute, 
 has forgotten nothing; and the many things he teaches, he teaches 
 well." BeWs Life. 
 
 Hutchinson, Wm. Seamanship, 1777, '91, 4to. 
 Hutchinson, Wm. 1. Oration at Free-Masons' Hall, 
 Lon., 1778, 4to. 2. Excursion to the Lakes in Westmore 
 land and Cumberland, <fcc., 1776, Svo. 3. View of North 
 umberland, Ac., Newcast, 1778-80, 2 vols. 4to. 4. Hist.- 
 and Antiq. of the County Palatinate of Durham, 1785-94, 
 3 vols. 4to. 5. Hist of the County of Cumberland, Ac., 
 Carlisle, 1794-98, 4to. 6. Antiq. in Lancashire; Arch83oL, 
 1789. See Upcott's Eng. Topog. 
 
 Hutchinson, Wm. The Spirit of Masonry ; new 
 ed., with Notes, by the Rev. Geo. Oliver, Lon., 1843, 12rno. 
 Hutchison, John, M.D. Tetanus ; Mem. Med., 
 1789. 
 
 Hutchison, Robert. Ulcers ; Ess. Med., 1744. 
 Huthersall, John. English Grammar, 1814, ISmo. 
 Hutt, Wm., M.P. Key to Agricultural Prosperity, 
 Lon., 1838, Svo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 Hutten, Henry. See BUTTON. 
 Hutten, Leon, D.D. 1. Answer to the Cross in Bap 
 tism, Oxon., 1605, 4to. 2. The Antiquities of Oxford, pub. 
 by Thomas Hearne, Oxf., 1720, 8vo. 
 Hutten, Robert. See BUTTON. 
 Hutter, E. W., Lutheran pastor, Philadelphia, Penna., 
 co-editor of the Lutheran Home Journal. 
 Huttman, Wm. Life of Christ, Lon., 1818, 8vo. 
 Hutton. Freezing of Alcohol; Nic. Jour., 1813. 
 Hutton, Catherine, a daughter of William Hutton, 
 ! of Birmingham. 1. The Miser Married; a Novel, Lon., 
 | 1813, 3 vols. 12mo. 2. The Life of Wm. Hutton, <fcc., 
 | written by himself, pub. by C. H., 1816, Svo. See BUTTON, 
 WILLIAM. 3. The Tour of Africa; selected from the best 
 Authors, 1819-21, 3 vols. Svo. 
 Hutton, Charles. Serm., Lon., 1686, 4to. 
 Hutton, Charles, LL.D., 1737-1823, a native of 
 Newcastle-upon-Tyne, was Mathematical Professor to tho 
 Royal Military Academy at Woolwich from 1773 until 
 
HUT 
 
 HUT 
 
 1806, when he retired upon a pension of 500 per annum. 
 His principal works are (1.) Treatise on Mensuration, Lon., 
 1771, 4to ; llth ed., by Maynard, 1850, 12mo. 2. Miscel 
 lanea Mathematica, 1775, 12mo. 3. The Diarian Miscel 
 lany: from the Lady's Diary, 1704-73, with addits., j 
 Lon., 1776, 6 vols. 12rao. 4. Mathematical Tables, 1785, j 
 8vo. New ed., by Olinthus Gregory, (q. t>.,) 1830, Svo; j 
 llth ed., 1849, r. 8vo. 5. Compendious Measurer, 1786, 
 12mo. New ed., with a Key, Dubl., 12mo. 6. Tracts, 
 Mathemat. and Philos., 1786, 4to. New ed., with im 
 provements, <fec., 1812, 3 vols. 8vo, 
 
 "The tracts before us relate to a great variety of subjects. Some 
 of them have already appeared in the Philosophical Transactions, 
 or in detached works, but are now greatly modified and improved: 
 and the volumes contain so much that is valuable, and indeed so 
 much that is new, that we are inclined to enter somewhat at large 
 into an analysis of their contents." ion. Quar. Rev., ix. 400-418 ; 
 also reviewed in Edin. Rev., xxii. 88-107. 
 
 7. Elements of Conic Sections, <fcc., 1787, 8vo. 
 " Un modele de precision ct de clarte." MONTUCLA. 
 
 8. A Mathemat. and Philos. Dictionary, 1795-96, 2 vols. 
 4to. New ed., with addits. and improvements, 1815, 2 
 vols. 4to. 
 
 " It has supplied all subsequent works of that description, and 
 even the most voluminous Cyclopaedias, with valuable materials, 
 both in the sciences and in scientific biography." Lon. Gent. Mag., 
 March, 1823 ; Memoir of the late. Dr. Hutton. 
 
 9. A Course of Mathemat, 1798, 2 vols. Svo; vol. iii., 
 
 1801, 8vo. 12th ed., by 0. Gregory and T. S. Davies, 1840, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 13th ed., by Wm. Rutherford, 1846, 8vo. 14th 
 ed., by Wm. Rutherford, 1854, 8vo. Key to Rutherford's 
 Hutton, (13th ed., 1846,) by J. Hickie, 1849, Svo. There 
 was a Key pub. by D. Dowling, which applied to an old 
 edit, in 3 vols. Solutions of Button's Mathemat, by T. S. 
 Davies, 1840, Svo. Button's Mathemat., in Arabic, Pt 1, 
 4to. 10. Recreations in Mathemat. and Natural Philos., 
 
 1802, 4 vols. Svo. New ed., by E. Riddle, 1840, Svo ; again, 
 1S54, Svo. 11. Philos. Transac. of the Royal Soc., abridged 
 by C. Hutton, Geo. Shaw, M.D., and R. Pearson, M.D., 
 1804-09, 18 vols. 4to. A list of Hutton's papers in Phil. 
 Trans, will be found in Watt's Bibl. Brit, and a Memoir 
 of his Life was pub. in Lon. Gent. Mag., 1823, Pt 1, 228- 
 232, 296. In this Memoir occurs an interesting letter 
 from Lord-Chancellor Eldon to Lieut-Gen. Hutton, Royal 
 Army, son of the mathematician, acknowledging the 
 benefits which he had derived from Dr. Mutton's instruc 
 tions when his pupil. 
 
 " He [Dr. HuttonJ will long be remembered by a country so 
 essentially benefited by his life and works." LORD ELDON : ubi 
 supra. 
 
 See also Hallam's Lit Hist of Europe, ed. 1854, ii. 219. 
 
 Hutton, F. H., Vicar of Leckford, Hants. 1. Dis 
 courses, Lon., 1833, Svo. 2. Serms., 1835, 8vo. 
 
 Hutton, George. Amantes; a Nov., Lon., 1794, 
 12mo. 
 
 Hutton, George, D.D. Serms., &c., Lon., 1798-1809. 
 
 Hutton, George. Theory and Practice of Arith 
 metic, Lon., 12mo. Abridged for Ladies, 18mo. Highly 
 commended. 2. Manual of Arithmetic, 1844, 12mo; 6th 
 ed., 1854, 12mo. 
 
 Hutton, Henry. 1. This World's Folly, Lon., 1615, 
 4to. 2. Follie's Anatomie ; or, Satyres and Satyricall 
 Epigrams, <fec., Lon., 1619, sm. Svo, pp. 66. Bibl. Anglo- 
 Poet, 10 10s., q. v. 
 
 Hutton, James, M.D., 1726-1797, called the author 
 of the Plutonian Theory of Geology, a native of Edin 
 burgh, took his medical degree at Leyden in 1749. On 
 his return home he became a zealous student of agricul 
 ture and geology, and gave the first-fruits of his researches 
 to the world in 1777, under the title of Considerations on 
 the Nature, Quality, and Distinctions of Coal and Culm, 
 Edin., Svo. In 1792 he pub. Dissertations on different 
 subjects in Natural Philosophy, 4to; in 1794, Dissertation 
 upon the Philosophy of Light, Heat, and Fire, Svo; in 
 the same year, An Investigation of the Principles of 
 Knowledge, and of the Progress of Reason from Sense 
 to Science and Philosophy, 3 vols. 4to; and in 1795, 
 Theory of the Earth, with Proofs and Illustrations, 2 vols. 
 8vo. This is a collection, with additions, of his papers on 
 this subject in the Edin. Phil. Trans. His theory, as com 
 municated in the above papers, had been warmly attacked 
 by Dr. Kirwan, in the Memoirs of the Irish Academy. 
 The day that Hutton read Kirwan's attack he commenced 
 the preparation of the MS. of the above two vols. for the 
 press. Professor John Playfair zealously espoused Hut- 
 ton's cause, and pub. in 1802, 8vo, Illustrations of the 
 Huttonian Theory of the Earth. This work was reviewed 
 in the same year by Dr. John Murray, in A Comparative 
 View of the Huttonian and Neptunian Systems of Geo 
 
 logy, in Answer to the Illustrations, Ac. In the hands 
 of Professor Playfair we may safely leave the scientific 
 reputation of Dr. Hutton. Playfair's biographical ac 
 count of his "guide, philosopher and friend" will bo 
 found in Trans. Soc. Edin., 1803, vol. v. p. 39. Or, as 
 this work is not easily accessible, see a memoir of Dr. 
 Hutton, based upon the above, in Chambers and Thom 
 son's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, ed. 1855, iii. 175- 
 182 ; see also Huttonian and Neptunian Geology, a 
 review of Dr. Murray's Comparative View, by Lord 
 Jeffrey, in Edin. Rev., ii. 337-348 j Sir Archibald Alison's 
 j Hist of Europe, 1815-52, chap. v. ; Dr. Hutton and his 
 | System, Blackw. Mag., i. 232 ; A Word to Huttonian and 
 j Wernerian Disputants, Blackw. Mag., iii. 583-585; Watt's 
 Bibl. Brit, articles Hutton, James, Luc, John Andrew 
 De ; Donaldson's Agricult Biog. Dr. Hutton seems to 
 have entertained a fraternal sympathy with all who were 
 engaged in the laudable design of enlarging the bounds 
 of human knowledge : 
 
 " He would rejoice over Watt's improvements on the steam- 
 engine, or Cook's discoveries in the South Sea, with all the 
 warmth of a man who was to share in the honour or profit about 
 to accrue from them." PROF. PLAYFAIR : ubi supra. 
 
 Hutton, James H. 1. Serm., Exeter, 1797, 4to. 
 2. Horae Ecclesiastic*, 1808, vol. i., 12mo. 
 
 Hutton, Joseph, Jr. Reaping-Hook ; Nic. Jour., 
 loll. 
 
 Hutton, Joseph,1787-1828, of Philadelphia. Poems. 
 
 Hutton, Luke. The Blacke Dogge of Newgate, 
 Lon., 4to, a. a. A poetical black-letter tract. 
 
 Hntton, Matthew, 1546-1605, Bishop of Durham, 
 1589 ; trans, to York, 1594. 1. Serm., Lon., 1579, 16mo. 
 2. Explicatio de Electione, Praedestinatione, ac Reproba- 
 tione, cui prseinittuntur Lambethani Articuli, Hardrov., 
 1613, 4to. 
 
 Hutton, Matthew, d. 1758, Bishop of Bangor, 1743; 
 Archbishop of York, 1747; trans, to Canterbury, 1757. 
 Occasional serms., pub. separately, 1741, '44, '45, '46, '47. 
 
 Hutton, R. N. 1. Recollections of Rugby, Lon., 
 12mo. 2. Five Years in the East, 1847, 2 vols. p. Svo. 
 Highly commended. 3. Jealousy; a Nov., 1848, 3 vols. 
 p. Svo. 
 
 Hutton, Richard. Lexicon Latino-Graeco-Angli- 
 cum, ad Gul. Morelii Archetypum accuratissime ex usum, 
 Lon., 1583. 
 
 Hutton, Sir Richard, d. 1639, made Serjeant, 
 1603 ; a Justice of the Common Pleas, 1618. 1. Argu 
 ments by him and Sir Geo. Coke, Lon., 1641, 4to. 2. 
 Reports, 15 Jac. I.-15 Car. I., 1612-39, fol., 1656; 2d 
 ed., 1682, fol. Respecting this work and Hutton's MS. 
 Reports, see Wallace's Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 179, 377, 
 378. 
 
 Hntton, Robert. The Summe of Divinitie ; from 
 the Latin, Lon., 1548, 12ino; 1560, '61, '67, 16mo. 
 
 Hntton, Thomas. Subscrip. to C. Prayer, 1605, 4to. 
 
 Hutton, Rev. W. The Book of Nature Laid Open ; 
 4th ed., Lon., 1821, 12mo. Amer. ed., revised by Rev. 
 John L. Blake. D.D., N. York, 18mo. 
 
 Hutton, William, 1723-1815, a bookseller of Bir 
 mingham, rose by perseverance and industry from poverty 
 to affluence. In his last work A Trip to Coatham 
 written in his eighty-sixth year, he tells us 
 
 " I took up my pen, and that with fear and trembling, at the 
 advanced age of fifty-six, a period when most would lay it down. 
 I drove the quill thirty years, during which time I wrote and 
 published thirty books." 
 
 His works were originally pub. from 1782 to 1810. A 
 collective ed. of his Works was pub. in 1817, in 8 vols. Svo, 
 consisting of Vol. I. His Life, written by himself; Jour 
 ney to London ; 2d edition. II. History of Birmingham. 
 | III. Courts of Requests, and Dissertation on Juries and 
 Hundred Court IV. Battle of Bosworth Field; 2d edit, 
 with Additions by Nichols. V. History of Derby ; De 
 scription of Blackpool. VI. History of the Roman Wall. 
 VII. Remarks on North Wales ; Tour to Scarborough, 
 with A Survey of York. VIII. Trip to Coatham. 
 
 He also pub. The Barbers ; a Poem, 1793, Svo ; Edgar 
 and Elfrida; a Poem, 1794, Svo. There has been a new 
 ed. of his Poems, chiefly Tales, Svo ; and, since the col 
 lective ed. of his Works was pub., there have been new 
 eds. of the Court of Requests, 1840, Svo; his Life, by 
 himself, 1841, sq. ; Trip to Redcar and Coatham, 1841, 
 Svo. His topographical works are valued for the vast 
 amount of minute details which they contain. See his 
 autobiography, a curious and amusing work; Lon. Month. 
 Rev., Ixxxii. 202 ; Blackw. Mag., i. 413-414. 
 
 Hutton, William. Voyage, to Africa, Lon., 1821, 
 Svo. A valuable work, with public documents. 
 
HUX 
 
 Huxham, John, M.D., 1694-1768, a native of Hal- 
 berton, Devonshire, the son of a butcher, studied under 
 Boerhaave, at Leyden, and subsequently practised at Ply 
 mouth, England. His principal works are 1. Observa- 
 tiones de Aero et Morbis Epidemicis : vol. i., Lon., 1739, 
 8vo; vol. ii. 1752, 8vo; vol. iii., pub. by his son, 1771, 
 8vo. For translations, see Watt's Bibl. Brit. 2. Essay 
 on Fevers, 1739, '50, '57, '64, '67, '69, 8vo. Trans, into 
 Portuguese by order of the King of Portugal, 4to. 3. 
 Sore Throat, 1750, 8vo. 4. Antimony, 1756, 8vo. 5. Med. 
 papers in Phil. Trans., 1723-58. 6. Med. paper in Med. 
 Obs. and Inq., 1767. A collective ed. of Huxham's works, 
 which have always been popular in Germany and France, 
 was pub. on the continent, under the title of Opera Phy- 
 sico-Medica. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Rees's Cyc. ; Lives 
 of Brit. Physicians, Lon., 1830 ; Blewitt's Panorama of 
 Torquay; Polwhele's History of Devonshire. 
 
 Huxley, George. Book of Judgments in Real, 
 Personal, and Mixed Actions. Revised and corrected by 
 Geo. Townesend, Lon., 1674, 8vo. Collected out of the 
 MSS. of Brownlow, Moyle, and Smythier, and cited as 
 First and Second Books of Judgments. 
 
 Huxley, Thomas Henry, distinguished naturalist. 
 History of the Oceanic Hydrozoa. In press, 1857. See 
 Knight's Eng. Cyc., Div. Biography, vol. vii., Supp. 
 
 Huxtable, Rev. A. On Manures, 1847, 8vo. 
 
 "This writer has made his name known by scientific views on 
 various points of agriculture." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Huxtable, Rev. Edgar. 1. Exegetical Essay on 
 the first three Gospels, Lon., 1848, 8vo. 2. Serms., 1854, 
 fp. 8vo. 
 
 Huyshe, Rev. Francis, pub. some treatises on the 
 authenticity of 1 John v. 7, 8, Lon., 1827, '34, Ac. See 
 Homo's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Huyshe, J. M. Bible Stories of Animals, Lon., 
 1855, 16rno. 
 
 Huyshe, John, of Brazennose College. Treat, on 
 Logic, on the basis of Aldrich, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 Hyatt, John, 1767-1826, a Calvinist Methodist 
 preacher at Tottenham-Court Chapel and the Tabernacle, 
 London. 1. Serin., Ps. xxxvii. 5; 2d ed., Lon., 1810, 8vo. 
 2. Serms. on Select Subjects; 2d ed., 1811, 8vo. 3. Serms. 
 on the VII. Epistles in the Apocalypse, 1820, 8vo. 4. 
 Serms. on Various Subjects; edited by his son, Charles 
 Hyatt, with a Life of the author, by the Rev. J. Morrison 
 1826, 8vo; 2d ed., 1828, 8vo. 
 
 Hyatt, or Hyett, Wm. Guide in a Tour, Ac. in the 
 Southeast of Devon, Lon., 1803, 12mo. Anon. 
 
 Hyde, Alvan, D.D., d. 1833, aged 66, of Lee, Mass.. 
 pub. a number of Sermons. See Atner. Quar. Reg., viii. 1 
 N. York Lit. and Theolog. Rev., v. 544. 
 
 Hyde, Edward, Earl of Clarendon. See CLAREN 
 DON, EDWARD HYDE. 
 
 Hyde, Edward, D.D., Fellow of Trin. Coll., Camb. 
 and Rector of Brightwell, Berks. Theolog. treatises. Lon. 
 1658, '59, '62. 
 
 IML 
 
 Hyde, Henry? Second Earl of Clarendon. See CLA 
 RENDON, HENRY HYDE. 
 Hyde, Henry, Lord Hyde and Cornbury. See 
 
 CLARENDON, HENRY HYDE. 
 
 Hyde, Thomas, D.D., 1636-1703, a native of Shrop- 
 hire, was admitted of King's Coll., Camb., 1652 ; of Queen's 
 3oll., Oxf., 1658 ; succeeded Henry Stubbe as Principal 
 Keeper of the Bodleian Library ; Preb. of Salisbury, 1666 ; 
 Archdeacon of Gloucester, 1678 ; succeeded Dr. Edward 
 Pocock as Laudian Professor of Arabic at Oxford, 1691 ; 
 Regius Professor of Hebrew, and Canon of Christ Church, 
 1697. He was a man of vast erudition, especially in the 
 Eastern tongues, and pub. a number of learned works, and 
 projected many more. Among the best-known of his pub 
 lications are (1.) Catalogus Impressorum Librorum in 
 Bibliotheca Bodleiana, Oxon., 1674, fol. New ed., chiefly 
 prepared by Thos. Hearne, 1738, 2 vols. fol. New ed., 
 1843, 3 vols. fol. ; vol. iv., 1850. 2. Quatuor Evangelica 
 et Acta Apostolorum, Lingua Malaica, Characteristibus 
 Europaeis, Oxf., 1677, 4to. 3. De Ludis Orientalium, Heb. 
 et Lat, libri ii., 1689-94, 8vo. 4. Veterum Persarum et 
 Medorum Religionis eorumque Magorum Historia, 1700, 
 4to; 2d ed., 1706, 4to. Best ed., 1760, 4to. 
 
 "The variety and novelty of its contents gave this book a credit 
 which in some degree it preserves ; but Hyde was ignorant of the 
 ancient language of Persia, and is said to have been often misled by 
 Mohammedan authorities. The vast increase of Oriental informa 
 tion in modern times renders it difficult for any work of the seven 
 teenth century to keep its ground." Italian's Lit. Hist, of Europe. 
 5. Syntagma Dissertationum quae olim separatim edidit. 
 Accesserunt nonnulla ejusdem opuscula hactenus inedita, 
 1767, 2 vols. 4to. Pub. by Dr. Gregory Sharpe, with the 
 Life of the Author, (q. v.) For further information respect 
 ing Hyde and his works see Athen. Oxon. ; Biog. Brit. ; 
 Genl. Diet. ; Biog. Univer. ; Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors, 
 ed. Lon., 1840, 174. Hyde rendered great service to Brian 
 Walton in the preparation of his Polyglott Bible. 
 Hyett, Wm. See HYATT. 
 
 Hygden, Ranulphus. See HIGDEN, RANULPH. 
 Hyll, Albayn, M.D., d. in Lon., 1559, a native of 
 Wales or of Scotland, studied at Oxford, received his doc 
 tor's degree on the Continent, and wrote a Commentary on 
 Galen. 
 
 Hyll, or Hylle, Thomas. See HILL. 
 Hylton, Walter. See HILTON. 
 Hynd, John. See HIND. 
 
 11 y ml in mi, John, one of the ministers of the West 
 
 Kirk, Edinburgh. Serm., Prov. xiv. 34, Edin., 1761, 8vo. 
 
 Hyneman, Leon, b. 1806, in Montgomery co., Pa.; 
 
 Editor of Masonic Mirror, Philadelphia, since 1850. The 
 
 Origin of Freemasonry, Ac., Phila., 1858, 8vo. 
 
 Hyrde, Richard. A uery frvtefvl and pleasaunt 
 boke, callyd the Instrvction of a Christen Woman ; made 
 fyrste in Latyne by the right famous Clerke Leues Vues, 
 and tvrned out of Latyne into Englysshe, Lon., 1540, '41, 
 '57, '92, 4to. The 5th chap. B. 1, entitled " What Bokes to be 
 redde and what nat," gives an account of ungracious bookes. 
 
 I. 
 
 lager, G. F., Lutheran pastor, Bucks county, Penna. 
 Leben des Andreas Jackson, aus dem Englischen ueber- 
 setzt, 1831. 
 
 Ibbetson, Mrs. Agnes, 1757-1823, a native of 
 London. Botanical Papers in Nic. Jour, and Phil. Mag., 
 1809-17. 
 
 Ibbetson, James, D.D., 1717-1781, Preb. of Lincoln. 
 Tbeolog. treatises and serins., 1746-83. 
 
 Ibbetson, James, 1755-1790, son of the preceding. 
 Legal Dissertations, 1780-82. 
 
 Ibbetson, Julius C., d. 1817, a painter. An Acci 
 dence ; or, Gamut of Oil- Painting, 1805, 8vo. 
 
 Ibbetson, Laporte, and J. Hassell. Picturesque 
 Guide to Bath, Ac., Lon., 1793, 4to. 
 
 Ibbetson, Richard, D.D. Serms., 1712-22. 
 
 Ibbot, Benjamin, D.D., 1680-1725, Preb. of West- 
 2?ftSi/ 1- Serms - at the Boyle Lects., 1714-15, 
 8vo, 1727. 2. XXX. Discourses, 1726, 2 vols. 8vo. With 
 six more, and a Life, 1776, 2 vols. 8vo. He also pub. a 
 Trans, of a Treatise of Puffendorf, and wrote some verses. 
 
 d USeful 
 
 Idea, Henry. Trans, of John Baptista Gelli's Circes, 
 Lon., 1557, 16mo. 
 
 Idle, Christopher. Hints on. Shooting, Fishing, Ac 
 both on Sea and Land, Lon., 1855,- fp. 8vo. 
 
 Iliff, Edward Henry, an actor. Angelo; a Nov., 
 Lon., 1796, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Iliff, Mrs. Edward Henry, wife of the preceding. 
 Poems on various subjects, 1808, 8vo. 
 
 Ilive, Jacob. The Book of Jasher, 1751, 4to. Re 
 printed, Bristol, 1829, 4to. An account of this forgery 
 will be found in Home's Bibl. Bib. Ilive, who was an 
 infidel printer of London, pub. some other works. See 
 Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; Wilson's Hist, of Dissent. Churches. 
 
 Illenden, J. Gauger, Lon., 1771. 
 
 Illingworth, Rev. Cayley. Topog. Account of the 
 Parish of Scrarnpton, and antiquities, Lon., 1810, 8vo. 
 
 Illingworth, James, D.D. Acct. of the man whose 
 hands, Ac. rotted off, Lon., 1678, 1751, 8vo. 
 
 Illingworth, James, D.D. Serms., 1781-95. 
 
 Illingworth, Wm. Laws of Forestalling, Ac., 1800. 
 
 Ilsley, Charles. Taxing Attornies, 1804, 8vo. 
 
 Ilsley, Charles P. Forest and Shore, Bost., 1856, 
 12mo. Highly commended. 
 
 Ilsley, Francis. The West India Interest considered, 
 1810, 8vo. Refers to the cost of sugar. 
 
 Imber, Matt. Customs of Merdon, 1707. 
 
 Imesou, Wm. Court of Session, Lon., 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Imison, John. Elements of Art and Science; new 
 ed., by J. Webster, Lon., 1807, 2 vols. Svo. Other works. 
 
 liulay , Capt. G., of the American army. 1. Topog. 
 
IMP 
 
 ING 
 
 Deserip. of the Western Territory of N. America, Lon., 
 1792, '93, '97, 8vo. The 3d ed. embodies the works of 
 Filson, Hutchins, and other matter. The student of the 
 early history of the Western country should possess this 
 work. 2. The Emigrants; a Nov., 1793, 3 vols. 12mo. 
 Commended by the Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 Impey, Elijah B. Poems, Lon., 1811-13. 
 
 Impey, John. 1. Instructor Clericalis : C. Pleas ; 7th 
 ed., Lon., 1826, r. 8vo. 2. Instructor Clericalis : King's 
 Bench ; 10th ed., 1823, Svo. 3. Office of Sheriff, <fcc.; new 
 ed., by H. Jeremy, 1831, 8vo. 4. Modern Pleader ; new 
 ed., 1814, r. 8vo. See 1 Lee's Diet., Pref., v. 
 
 Impey, Walter J. 1. Proceed, in K. B. and C. P., 
 Lon., 1820, 8vo. 2. Bankrupt Act, 1825, 12mo. 3. Ques. 
 on Prac. K. B. and C. P., 1825, 8vo. 4. General Stamp Act ; 
 4th ed., 1839, 12mo. 
 
 Imray, Keith, M.D. Cyclopedia of Popular Medi 
 cine, Lon., 1842, 8vo ; 1843, 8vo. 
 
 " An excellent manual of the practice of medicine, translated 
 into the vernacular." Provincial Med. and Surg. Jour. 
 
 Imrie, Major. Geological papers in Trans. Soc., 
 Edin., 1796, 1812; and in Nic. Jour., 1796. 
 
 Ince, Henry. 1. Outlines of English History, ISmo. 
 72,000 sold to 1854. New ed., 1855, 18mo. 2. Outlines 
 of French History ; 7th ed., 1854, 18mo. 3. Outlines of 
 General Knowledge, 18mo. 11,000 sold to 1854. 
 
 Ince, Hugh. Trans, of Kimedoncius's work On the 
 Redemption of Mankind, Lon., 1598, 4to. 
 
 Ince, Richard, d. 1758, contributed several pieces to 
 the Spectator. 
 
 Inchbald, Mrs. Elizabeth, 1756-1821, a celebrated 
 actress, dramatist, and novelist, a native of Stanningfield, 
 Suffolk, where her father, Mr. Simpson, was a farmer, came 
 to London at the age of sixteen to seek an engagement 
 on the stage, and married Mr. Inchbald, an actor of some 
 reputation. The beautiful Mrs. Inchbald seems to have 
 trod the boards with unbounded applause from her first 
 appearance on the stage until her retirement in 1789. 
 From this period she supported herself by her literary 
 labours, which had commenced as early as 1781, although 
 her Comedy then written I'll Tell You What was not 
 performed until 1785. The first piece of her composition 
 which was played was the Farce of A Mogul Tale ; or, 
 The Descent of the Balloon, which came out in 1784 at 
 the Hay market Theatre. The following is a list of her 
 dramas: 1. A Mogul Tale; Farce, 1784. Not printed. 
 2. Appearance is against them ; Farce, 1785, Svo. 3. I'll 
 Tell You What j Com., 1786, Svo. 4. Widow's Vow j Farce, 
 1786, Svo. 5. All on a Summer's Day; Com., 1787. Not 
 printed. 6. Animal Magnetism; Farce, 1788. Notprinted. 
 7. The Child of Nature ; Dram. Piece, 1788, Svo. 8. Mid 
 night Hour ; Com., 1788, Svo. 9. Such Things Are; Play, 
 1788, Svo. 10. Married Man; Com., 1789, Svo. 11. The 
 Hue and Cry; Farce, 1791. Notprinted. 12. Next-Door 
 Neighbours; Com., 1791, Svo. 13. Young Men and Old 
 Women ; Farce. Not printed. 14. Every one has his 
 faults; Com., 1793, Svo. 15. The Wedding Day; Com., 
 1794, Svo. 16. Wives as they were, and Maids as they 
 are ; Com., 1 797, Svo. 17. Lovers' Vows ; Play, 1798, Svo. 
 18. Wise Man of the East; Play, 1799, Svo. 19. To Marry 
 or not to Marry; Com., 1805, Svo. Mrs. Inchbald also 
 edited a Collection of Plays, (The British Theatre,) wkh 
 Biographical and Critical Remarks, 25 vols., 1806-09; a 
 Collection of Farces and other After-pieces, in 7 vols.-l2mo, 
 1809; and the Modern Theatre, 10 vols. 12ino, 1809. But 
 it is by her novels A Simple Story, 1791, 4 vols. 12mo, 
 and Nature and Art, 1796, 2 vols. 12mo that this excel 
 lent woman is best known to the reading-world at large. 
 A notice of each of these works from eminent critics is all 
 for which we can find space : 
 
 " I have just been reading for the third, I believe for the fourth, 
 time, The Simple Story. Its effect upon my feelings was as power 
 ful as at the first reading: I never readan.y novel I except none, 
 I never read any novel that affected me so strongly, or that so 
 completely possessed me with the belief in the real existence of 
 all the persons it represents. I never once recollected the author 
 whilst I was reading it; never said or thought, that's a fine senti 
 ment, or, that is wctt expressed, or, that is well invented ; I believed 
 all to be real, and was affected as I should be by the real scenes, 
 if they had passed before my eyes : it is truly and deeply pathetic." 
 MARIA EDGEWORTH. 
 
 "If Mrs. Radcliffe touched the trembling chords of the imagina 
 tion, making wild music there, Mrs. Inchbald has no less power 
 over the spring of the heart. She not only moves the affections, 
 but melts us into ' all the luxury of woe.' Her Nature and Art 
 is one of the most interesting and pathetic stories in the world. 
 It is indeed too much so ; the distress is too naked, and the situa 
 tions hardly to be borne with patience." HAZLITT : On the Eng 
 lish Novelists. 
 
 Mrs. Inchbald had prepared four vols. of autobiogra 
 
 phical reminiscences, for which she was offered 1000 by 
 Sir Richard Phillips, the publisher; but, acting by the 
 advice of her spiritual guide, Dr. Poynter, she destroyed 
 the MS. In 1833, however, Mr. Boaden pub. Memoirs 
 of Mrs. Inchbald, compiled from an autograph journal 
 which she had kept for above half a century. Of these 
 Memoirs a review, accompanied by copious extracts, will 
 be found in Lon. Gent. Mag., 1833, Pt. 2, 240-243, 332- 
 336. A biographical notice of Mrs. Inchbald, pub. at the 
 time of her death, will be found in the same periodical, 
 1821, Pt. 2, 184-185, 648. See also Mrs. Elwood's Lite 
 rary Ladies of England ; Allan Cunningham's Biog. and 
 Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years ; Lon. Month. 
 Rev., cxxxi. 476; Eraser's Mag., viii. 536; N. Amer. Rev., 
 xxxvii. 445, by F. A. Durivage. 
 
 Inchbald, P. Serm., Lon., 1805, Svo. 
 
 Inchequin, Lord. Manifestation to the H. of Lords 
 cone, the Irish Rebels, Lon., 1644, 4to. 
 
 Incledon, Bcnj. Account of the Hospital of St 
 Margaret; Archaeol., 1796. 
 
 Inett, John, D.D., Precentor and Canon-Residentiary 
 of Lincoln. 1. Origines Anglicanse ; or, A Hist, of the 
 English Church from the Conversion of the Eng. Saxons 
 till the death of King John : vol. i., Lon., 1704, fol. ; ii. 
 Oxf., 1710, fol. New ed., by the Rev. John Griffiths, 
 late Fellow and Tutor of Wadbam College, Lon., 1S55, 
 3 vols. Svo. This work is a continuation of Bishop Stil- 
 lingfleet's Origines Britannicae. Extracts will be found 
 in Wordsworth's Eccl. Biog. 2. A Guide to the Devout 
 Christian ; llth ed., 1723, 12mo. 
 
 Ingeland, Thomas. A Pretie and Mery new 
 Enterlude, called the Disobedient Child, Lon., . a., 4to. 
 
 Ingelden. Love and Marriage, Lon., 1765, 4to. 
 
 Ingelo, Nathaniel, D.D., d. 16S3, pub. three Serms., 
 1659-77, and wrote a religious romance entitled Bentivolio 
 and Urania, Lon., 1669, fol.; 1673, fol. See Harwood's 
 Alumni Etonenses. 
 
 Ingersoll, C. M. English Grammar, Phihu 
 
 Ingersoll, Charles Jared, a member of the Phila 
 delphia Bar, b. Oct. 3, 1782, at Philadelphia, is a son of 
 Jared Ingersoll, of Philadelphia, and a grandson of Jared 
 Ingersoll, of Connecticut, Stamp Commissioner. The sub 
 ject of our notice was elected a member of the National 
 House of Representatives in 1812, and has, until within 
 the last seven or eight years, been actively engaged in 
 public life in various capacities. His principal literary 
 productions are the following: 
 
 About 1800, a poem, called Chiomara, published in the 
 Port-Folio, edited by Joseph Dennie. 1801. A tragedy, in 
 five acts, called Edwy and Elgiva, performed at the thea 
 tre, Chestnut Street. 1808. A pamphlet on the interna 
 tional disputes, called the Rights and Wrongs, Power and 
 Policy, of the United States of America. 1810. A volume 
 entitled Inchiquin the Jesuit's Letters on American litera 
 ture and politics. Reviewed in the Lon. Quar. Rev., x. 494- 
 539. See also Rich's Bibl.Amer. Nova, ii. 50. The review 
 in the London Quarterly was answered by James K. Pauld- 
 ing, in his United States and England, pub. in 1814. 
 1811-15. Numerous contributions, anonymous, to the De 
 mocratic Press, Phila., and National Intelligencer, Wash 
 ington, on the controversies with England which produced 
 the war declared in 1812. 1813-15. Several Speeches, 
 published in pamphlets, as member of Congress, concerning 
 that war. 1S23. Discourse before the American Philoso 
 phical Society on the influence of America on the mind. 
 Republished in England and France. 1827. The Address 
 of the Assembly of friends of domestic manufactures at 
 Harrisburg; and (1829) most of the address of the Na 
 tional Assembly on that subject at New York. Transla 
 tion of a French Work on the freedom of navigation and 
 commerce of neutral nations in time of war, vindicating 
 the law of nations that free ships make free goods ; pub 
 lished in the American Law Journal. 1830. Review of 
 Bourrienne's Memoirs, in American Quarterly Review. 
 1831. A dramatic tragic poem, in five acts, called Julian. 
 1838. Article on the Supreme Court of the United States, its 
 judges and jurisdiction, in the United States Magazine and 
 Democratic Review. 1835. A pamphlet entitled View of 
 River-Rights. 1837. In the Convention to reform the Con 
 stitution of Pennsylvania, Reports on Currency, Speeches, 
 published in pamphlets, on the Judiciary and Legislative 
 power over bank-charters. 1841-42, '44-48. Reports and 
 Speeches in Congress, published in pamphlets, on Tariff, 
 Bank, Mexico, Texas, and Oregon. Many Discourses and 
 Orations, published in pamphlets, on various subjects, lite 
 rary and political. 1845-52. History of the War of 1812-15, 
 between Great Britain and the United States : in four vo- 
 
ING 
 
 ING 
 
 lumes. Vols. i. and ii. were reviewed in the Lon. Athenaeum, 
 1853, 103-104. 
 
 " The quotations that we have made suggest a concluding re 
 mark as to Mr. Ingersoll's style. It is a rough, energetic style, 
 not deficient in happy and vivid expressions ; but we have rarely 
 met with American writing more contemptuous not only of Eng 
 lish rules, but of the reader's respiratory conveniences. . . . The 
 book is hard to read because of the uncouthness of its forms." 
 Ubt supra. 
 
 Whatever may be the peculiarities of Mr. Ingersoll's 
 style, the public are certainly indebted to him for much 
 valuable information, collected from original sources, and 
 first made known to the world through the medium of 
 these volumes. 
 
 For further information concerning Mr. Ingersoll and 
 his literary labours, see Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. ; 
 N. Amer. Rev., xviii. 157-178, (by Jared Sparks j) Ibid., 
 xxii. 212-215; Democrat. Rev., (with portrait,) vi. 339 ; 
 Ibid., xvi. 221. 
 
 Mr. Ingersoll is now (1856) engaged upon a History 
 of the Territorial Acquisitions of the United States. 
 
 Ingersoll, Edward. 1. Abridgt. of the Acts of 
 Congress now in Force, Phila., 1825, 8vo. 2. Digest of 
 Laws of the U. States, 1789-1820, Phila., 1821, 8vo. 
 
 Ingersoll, Edward. 1. Hist, and Law of the Writ 
 of Habeas Corpus, with an Essay on the Law of Grand 
 Juries, Phila., 1849, 8vo. 2. Addison^m Contracts; new 
 ed., with Amer. Notes, 1857, r. 8vo, pp. 1200. See ADDI- 
 SON, C. G. See also HALE, SIR MATTHEW, No. 4. 
 
 Ingersoll, Jared, 1722-1781, a native of Milford, 
 Conn., graduated at Yale College in 1742, and was ap 
 pointed Stamp Commissioner in 1765. He was subse 
 quently made Admiralty Judge for the Middle District, 
 and resided some time in Philadelphia, but returned to 
 New Haven, where he died in August, 1781. He was 
 present at the debate on the Stamp-Act, and on his return 
 home pub. a pamphlet on the subject, (New Haven, 1766, 
 4to,) which is now very rare, and has even escaped the 
 researches of Mr. Rich. Extracts from this pamphlet 
 will be found in a review of Lord Mahon's Hist, of Eng 
 land, (by J. G. Palfrey,) N. Amer. Rev., Ixxv. 141-143. 
 
 Ingersoll, Joseph Reed, a member of the Phila 
 delphia Bar, grandson of the preceding, and brother of 
 Charles Jared Ingersoll, (ante,) was for many years an 
 influential member of the National House of Representa 
 tives. For the last few years he has retired from public 
 life. In addition to a number of printed speeches and 
 addresses, political, literary, and philanthropic, Mr. In 
 gersoll is favourably known as an author by his transla 
 tion into English of Roccus's tracts De Navibus et Naulo, 
 and De Assecuratione, Phila., 1809, 8vo. 
 
 " An excellent translation." JVDGE STOUT : Marit. Law, 7 
 If. Amer. JRev^ 337, Sept. 1818, and in Miscell. Works, 1852, 109. 
 
 See notices of this accomplished scholar and excellent 
 man in Amer. Whig Rev., viii. 101, with portrait ; South 
 Lit. Mess., iv. 165. 
 
 Ingham, Samuel. Med. treatises, Lon., 1762. 
 
 Ingleby, C. M. The Stereoscope, Lon., 1853, 8vo. 
 
 Ingleby, John. Two med. treatises, both 8vo. 
 
 Inglefield, Capt. Loss of the Centaur, 1783, 8vo. 
 
 Inglefield, Ann. Her Justification, 1787, 8vo. 
 
 Inglefield, E. A. A Summer-Search for Sir John 
 Franklin, Lon., 1853, p. 8vo. 
 
 Inglis, Charles, D.D., d. 1816, aged 82, Rector of 
 Trinity Church, New York, 1777-83, was subsequently 
 Bishop of Nova Scotia. Religion and Loyalty ; a serm., 
 Lon., 1793, 8vo. 
 
 Inglis, Henry David, a Baptist divine of Edin 
 burgh. 1. Two Letters on Grace, 1791, 8vo. 2. Serm., 
 1792, 8vo. 
 
 Inglis, Henry David, 1795-1835, a native of Edin 
 burgh, the son of a barrister, travelled extensively over 
 Europe, and gave the results of his observations to the 
 public. 1. Tales of Ardennes ; last ed., 1841, r. 8vo. Pub. 
 under the name of H. Derwent Conway, (q. v.) 2. Solitary 
 Walks through many Lands ; 3d ed., 1843, r. 8vo. 
 
 " It contains more information of a variety of countries than 
 any other book of travels of the same size that we know of." 
 Lon. Month. Mag. 
 
 3. Journey through Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, 
 1829 ; 4th ed., 1837, p. 8vo. 
 
 "A most delightful volume." Lon. Lit. Gazette. 
 
 4. Tour through Switzerland, the South of France, and 
 the Pyrenees, 1830, '35, 2 vols. 18mo. 5. Spain in 1830, 
 2 vols. 8vo, 1831. 
 
 " A work from which I have derived more information than 
 from all the state documents I ever perused." Speech of Lord 
 
 6. The New Gil Bias ; or, Pedro of Penaflor, 3 vols. p. 
 8vo ; again in 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " Those who want a few hours' pleasant reading are not likely 
 to meet with a book more to their taste." ion. Athenceum. 
 
 7. A Journey throughout Ireland in 1834, 1834, 2 vols. 
 p. 8vo; 5th ed., 1838, p. 8vo. 
 
 "The most striking and the most valuable characteristic of 
 this work is its strict honesty." Lon. Athenceum. 833-835, 852- 
 853. 
 
 So thought the members of Parliament; for it was fre 
 quently quoted as authority during the debates on Ireland 
 in the session of 1835. 
 
 8. The Tyrol, with a Glance at Bavaria, 1834, p. 8vo; 
 2d ed. pub. within a month. 9. The Channel-Islands; 
 Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, tc., 1835, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 
 again, 1 vol. p. 8vo. 
 
 "We know of few travellers with whom it is pleasanter to 
 journey in company than Mr. Inglis." Lon. Athenceum. 1834. 
 254-255. 
 
 10. Rambles in the Footsteps of Don Quixote, 1837, p. 
 8vo. This was originally pub. in parts in the London 
 New Monthly Magazine. An interesting biography of 
 this excellent writer will be found in Chambers and 
 Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, ed. 1855, 
 v. 318-320. 
 
 Inglis, or English, Sir James, d. 1554, is the 
 supposed author of The Complaynt of Scotland, a politi 
 cal work, pub. originally at St. Andrews in 1548 or '49, 
 and repub. by Dr. Leyden. It is called the earliest Scot 
 tish prose-work in existence. See Leyden's ed. of Com 
 playnt of Scot. ; Mackenzie's Writers of the Scots Na 
 tion; Irving's Scot. Poets; Lives of Eminent Scotsmen. 
 
 Inglis, James, D.D., of Baltimore, d. 1820. A vol. 
 of his poems was pub. after his decease. 
 
 Inglis, John, D.D., d. 1834, aged 71, one of the 
 ministers of the Greyfriars Church, Edinburgh, pub. two 
 pamphlets in 1806, on one of Dugald Stewart's ; and 
 more recently gave to the world a Defence of Ecclesiasti 
 cal Establishments, and a Vindication of the Christian 
 Faith, Edin., 1830, 8vo. 
 
 "Inglis's admirable View of the Evidences of Christianity." 
 CHRISTOPHER NORTH : Noctes Ambrosiance. See also Blackw. Mag.. 
 xxv. 109. 
 
 Inglis, Mrs. Richmond. Anna and Edgar; a 
 Tale, Edin., 1781, 8vo. 
 
 Inglis, Sir Robert Harry, M.P., 1786-1855, edu 
 cated at Christ Church, Oxford, first elected to Parlia 
 ment in 1824, and from 1829 to '53 represented the 
 University of Oxford in that dignified body. Four of his 
 Speeches were printed, three on R. Catholic questions, 
 1825-28, and one on Universities and Dissenters, 1834. 
 See Lon. Gent. Mag., 1855, Pt. 1, 640-641 ; Eraser's Mag.; 
 Blackw. Mag., xviii. 487; xxiv. 811; xxix. 659, 660, 729, 
 730. 735; xxxi. 773; xlvi. 307; Sir James Mackintosh's 
 Works, Lon., 1854, iii. 540. 
 
 Ingmethorpe, Thomas. Two serms., 1598, 1619. 
 
 Ingoldsby, Thomas. See BAKHAM, RICHARD 
 HARRIS. 
 
 Ingpen, Abel. British Insects, 12mo. 
 
 Ingpen, Win. Secrets of Numbers, Lon., 1642, 
 4to. 
 
 Ingraham, Edward D., a member of the Phila 
 delphia Bar, d. 1854. 1. A View of the Insolvent Laws 
 of Pennsylvania; 2d ed., Phila., 1827, 8vo. 2. Gow on 
 Partnership, with Notes and App. to 1844, 8vo, 1837-45. 
 See Gow, NEIL. 3. Vattel's Law of Nations; 7th Amer. 
 ed., from a new ed. by J. Chitty, 1852, 8vo. See CHITTY, 
 Jos. 4. English Ecclesiastical Reports; from 1809 to 
 1835, 7 vols. This work is serial. Mr. Ingraham was 
 noted for his love of rare and curious books and prints ; 
 and the catalogue of his library, sold in Philadelphia, 
 February, 1855, is well worthy of the attention of the 
 veritable bibliomaniac. A notice of Mr. Ingraham, 
 with a portrait, will be found in the Democratic Review, 
 xxv. 77. 
 
 Ingraham, Rev. J. H., now a clergyman of the 
 Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States, before 
 his ordination pub. a number of romances, among which 
 are The Southwest, Burton, Lafitte, Will Terrill, and 
 Rivingstone. Since he entered the ministry, he has 
 published The Prince of the House of David ; or, Three 
 Years in the Holy City, N. York, 1855, 12mo. See South. 
 Lit. Mess., ii. 593 ; iv. 561. 
 
 Ingram, Alexander, a teacher of Mathematics at 
 Leith, pub. works on mathematics, 1809-14, some of 
 which still keep their place in schools, viz.: 1. Arithme 
 tic; 24th ed., Lon., 1844, 18mo. 2. Algebra, 1844, 12mo. 
 3. Geometry and Trigonometry, 1850, 12mo. 4. Matho- 
 
ING 
 
 matics, by Trotter; 7th ed., 1845, 12mo. 5. Mensuration, 
 by Trotter, 1851, 12mo. 
 
 Ingram, Dale, d. 1793, pub. a number of medical 
 works, Lon., 1743-77. 
 
 Ingram, Edward James. Vindiciae Lusitanae: 
 rel. to Emigration to the Brazils, Lon., 1808, 8vo. 
 Ingram, Henry. A Poem, Lon., 1815, 8vo. 
 Ingram, James, D.D., 1774-1850, President of 
 Trin. Coll., Oxford, and Rector of Garsington, is favour 
 ably known as an author by his Memorials of Oxford, 
 published in Pts., bound in 3 vols., 1834-35-37; new ed., 
 1847, 2 vols. 8vo; and by his Trans, of the Saxon Chro 
 nicle, 1823, 4to. He was the author of several other 
 fublications, for an account of which, see Lon. Gent. Mag., 
 853, Pt. 2, 553-555. 
 
 Ingram, Robert, 1727-1804, a native of Yorkshire, 
 Vicar of Boxted, Ac. 1. Isaiah's Vision, Lon., 1784, 8vo. 
 2. The Seventh Plague, 1787, 8vo. 3. The Ten Tribes of 
 Israel in America, 1792, 8vo. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. 
 Nova, i. 379. 4. The Seven Vials, 1804. 
 
 Ingram, Robert Acklom, Rector of Seagrave, d. 
 1809, aged 47, pub. several serms., and an essay, 1788- 
 1800, four works on political economy, 1797, 1800, '08, 
 and a work on Methodism, which was reviewed by the 
 Rev. Sydney Smith in Edin. Rev., 1808, and in his 
 Works, 1854, i. 188-216. 
 
 Ingram, Rowland. 1. Reflec. on Duelling, Lon., 
 1804, 8vo. 2. Serm., 1804. 
 
 Ingram, Wm. Poems, Aberd., 1812, 8vo. 
 Ings, E. Arrest on Mesne Process, Ac., Lon., 1840, 
 12mo. 
 
 Ingulphus, a monastic historian, b. in London, about 
 1030, d. 1109, has long enjoyed the reputation of the 
 authorship of a work on the life and miracles of St. 
 Guthlac, and a History of the Monastery of Croyland, 
 626-1089. The latter, which embodies many particulars 
 relating to English history, was pub. by Sir Henry Savile, 
 in the Rerum Anglicarum Scriptores post Bedam praecipui, 
 Lon., 1596, fol. ; Franc., 1601, fol. ; and entire, with Peter 
 of Blois's continuation, (1090-1117,) in the Rerum Angli 
 carum Scriptorum veterum, Oxon., 1684, fol., torn. i. A 
 new ed., edited by Mr. H. T. Riley, has been recently 
 pub., 1854, p. 8vo, in Bohn's Antiq. Lib., vol. xxix. But, 
 unfortunately for the fame of Ingulphus, it has been 
 proved (by Sir Francis Palgrave first, in the Lon. Quar. 
 Rev., and by Thomas Wright, in Biog. Brit. Lit.) that this 
 history is a forgery. See these authorities, and Hallam's 
 Lit. Hist, of Europe, ed. Lon., 1854, i. 16, and 27, n. In 
 the history it is stated that its reputed aiithor, Ingulphus, 
 also wrote a life of St. Guthlac ; but no such book is known 
 to exist, nor is it mentioned by any other authority. 
 
 Inkersley, Thomas. On the Styles of Roman and 
 Pointed Architecture in France, Lon., 1850, 8vo. 
 
 " Executed with great diligence and scholarly candour." Lon. 
 Spectator. 
 
 Inman, James. Algebra,. 1810, 8vo. 
 Innes, Alexander, D.D. Serms., 1717-28. 
 Innes, George. MilitarieRudiment,Aberd.,1644,4to. 
 Innes, George. XIV. Discourses, Lon., 1783, 12mo. 
 " His discourses are plain, sober, and rational." Lon. Crit. Eev, 
 Innes, Hugh. Divine Meditations, Glasg., 1756, 8vo. 
 Innes, James. Idea Juris Scotici; or, A Sum 
 mary View of the Laws of Scotland, Lon., 1773, 4to. 
 Innes, James D. Med. treatise, Lon., 1784, Svo. 
 lunes, John, M.D. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1731. 
 Innes, John. Annuities, Edin., 1741, 4to. 
 Innes, John, d. 1776, dissector in the Univ. of Edin 
 1. Human Muscles, Edin., 1776, 12mo. By A. Munro 
 M.D., 1778, 12mo. Other eds. 2. Anat. Tables of the 
 Human Body, 1776, 4to. 
 
 Innes, Louis, a R. Catholic priest, b. about 1650 
 Principal of the Scotch College at Paris, and Parisian 
 secretary to James II., is said to have written the Memoirs 
 of James II., an abstract from which was used by JAMES 
 STANIER CLARKE (q. v.) in the work pub. by him, entitled 
 The Life of James II., Ac. The original memoir, in 4 vols 
 fol., MS., was destroyed, but a compendium was pre 
 viously prepared, and it is to this we have reference in 
 the above remark. But see next article. 
 
 Innes, Thomas, 1662-1744, a Roman Catholic priest 
 brother of the preceding, and his successor in the office 
 of Principal of the Scotch College at Paris, was the author 
 of A Critical Essay on the Ancient Inhabitants of the 
 Northern Parts of Britain, in which he attacks with much 
 success the assertions of Fordun's Chronicle, and other 
 histories, respecting the antiquities of Scotland. He is 
 also supposed by some to have been the author of the 
 
 IRE 
 
 Memoir of James II. noticed in preceding article. A 
 jiographical account of Innes will be found in Chambers 
 and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, 1853, 
 ii. 183-187. Innes's Critical Essay was answered by 
 Andrew Waddell, Edin., 1733, 4to, and by Alex. Taitt, 
 1741, 12ino. Both of these answers will be found in vol. 
 i. of Scotia Rediviva, 1826, 8vo. Innes's Critical Essay 
 is a work of great value to the student of Scotch history : 
 "Father Innes, of the Sorbonne, explored the antiquities of his 
 native country with a more rational spirit of criticism than any 
 of his predecessors. His Critical Essay is a work of real learning 
 and importance." IRVINE. 
 
 " Invaluable. His industry, coolness, judgment, and general 
 accuracy recommend him as the best antiquary that Scotland 
 has yet produced. His long account of the Scottish historians is 
 exact, curious, and interesting." Pinkerton's Scotland. 
 
 Innes, Wm. Bundle of Myrrhe; or, Three Medita 
 tions of Tears, Lon., 1620, 8vo. 
 
 Innes, Wm., an Independent minister of Edinburgh. 
 1. Sketches of Human Nature, Edin., 1807, 12mo; 2d ed., 
 1818. 2. The Christian Ministry, 1824, 8vo. 
 
 " This is extracted from various Evangelical authors." Sicker- 
 steth's C. & 
 
 Other theolog. works. 
 
 Inskip, John S., b. 1816, at Bedfordshire, England, 
 emigrated to the U. States in early life. 1. Remarkable 
 Display of the Mercy of God in the Conversion of a 
 Family from Infidelity. 2. Life of Rev. Wm. Summers, a 
 Blind Man, Bait. 3. Methodism Explained and Defended, 
 Cincin. 
 
 Inwood, Henry William, son of the succeeding. 1. 
 Studies of the Architect, from Nature, 4to. 2. Erectheion 
 at Athens, 1827, imp. fol. ; containing Fragments of 
 Athenian Architecture, Remains in Attica, Megara, and 
 Epirus, comprising also, under the divisions of Cadmeia, 
 Homeros, Herodotos, the Origin of Temples and of Grecian 
 Art of the periods preceding. 
 
 Inwood, William. Tables for the Purchasing of 
 Estates, Ac., Lon., 1811, 8vo; 14th ed., 1853, 12mo. 
 
 Irby, Hon. Charles Leonard, and James Man 
 gles, Commander in the Royal Navy. Travels in Egypt, 
 Nubia, Syria, and the Holy Land, Ac., Lon., 1823, 8vo. 
 Privately printed. Pub. 1844, p. 8vo ; 1847, p. 8vo. 
 
 " Almost from the first a sealed book, and never very generally 
 known, those who were admitted to its pages prized it highly." 
 Lon. Lit. Gazette. 
 
 " I have obtained much important information from the Travels 
 of Captains Irby and Mangles." Keith's Evidences of Prophecy. 
 
 Iredell, James. 1. Laws of N. Carolina, 1715-90, 
 Edenton, 1791, fol. 2. N. Carolina Reports, 1778-1837, 
 Raleigh, 1839, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. N. Carolina Equity Reports, 
 1840-43, 2 vols. 8vo, 1841-43. 4. N. Carolina Supreme Ct. 
 Law Reports, 1840-44, 4 vols. 8vo, 1841-44. 
 Ireland. See MICKLE, WILLIAM JULIUS. 
 Ireland, John, d. 1808, a native of Wem, in Shrop 
 shire. 1. Life of Henderson, the actor. See HENDERSON, 
 JOHN. 2. Hogarth Illustrated. See HOGARTH, WILLIAM, 
 No. 4. For an account of Ireland, see Chalmers's Biog. 
 Diet. ; Lon. Athen., vol. v. ; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. Ixxviii. 
 Ireland, John, D.D., 1761-1842, a native of Ash- 
 burton, Devonshire, matriculated at Oxford, 1780, as Bible 
 Clerk of Oriel College ; Vicar of Croydon, Surrey, 1793 ; 
 Preb. of Westminster, 1802; Dean of Westminster, and 
 Rector of Islip, 1816. He founded four scholarships, an 
 exhibition, and a professorship, at Oxford, and left a large 
 sum for benevolent purposes. 1. Five Discourses rel. to 
 the Early Reception of Christianity, Lon., 1796, 8vo. 2. 
 Vindiciae Regiae, 1797, 8vo. 3. Serm., 1807. 4. Paganism 
 and Christianity Compared, in a Course of Lects., 1809; 
 2d ed., 1825, 8vo. A most excellent work. 
 
 "The classical and more particularly the ecclesiastical learning 
 which he has displayed in this volume has indeed highly gratified 
 us." Lon. Chris. Observer. 
 
 " An able, learned, and instructive work." Brit. Critic. 
 5. Lett, to H. Brougham, Esq., M.P., 1819. 6. Nuptiaa 
 Sacree, 1821. 7. The Plague of Marseilles in 1720, 4to, 
 1834. Dr. Ireland was one of the earliest contributors to 
 the London Quarterly Review, whose editor, Wm. Gifford, 
 was for forty-five years his intimate friend. See a biogra 
 phy of Dr. Ireland, in Lon. Gent. Mag., 1842, Pt. 2, 549- 
 550. 
 
 Ireland, J. P. Effects of Arsenic in counteracting 
 the Poison of Serpents; Medico-Chirurg. Trans., 1811. 
 
 Ireland, Samuel, d. 1800, originally a mechanic in 
 Spitalfields, subsequently a dealer in scarce works and 
 prints, pub. 8 vols. of Picturesque Tours and Views on 
 Great Britain and the Continent, Lon., 1790-1800, (see 
 Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 999-1000;) Graphic Illustrations 
 of Hogarth, 1794; and Miscellaneous Papers and Legal 
 
IRE 
 
 IRV 
 
 Instruments under the hand and seal of William Shak 
 speare, including the Tragedy of King Lear, and a small 
 fragment of Hamlet from the Original, 1796, fol., 4 4. 
 This was the celebrated " Ireland Forgery," perpetrated 
 by the publisher's son, Wm. Henry Ireland, (q. v. } and 
 authorities there cited.) 
 
 Ireland, Thomas. 1. Abridgt. of Sir Edward Coke's 
 XL Parts of his Reports, 16*0, '57, '66, 12mo. 2. Abridgt. 
 of Sir James Dyer's Reports, 1651. 3. Verses spoken to 
 the King and Queen at Oxford, 1663, 4to. 
 
 Ireland, William Henry, d. 1834, a son of Samuel 
 Ireland, (ante,} perpetrated in 1795-96 the remarkable 
 Shakspeare Forgeries, which gave his name such infamous 
 notoriety. For an account of this deception, which im 
 posed for a time upon several litterateurs of note, see Au 
 thentic Account of the Shakspeare Manuscripts, by W. H. 
 Ireland, 1796, Svo; The Confessions of W. H. Ireland, 1805 ; 
 G. Chalmers's Apology for the Believers of the Shaksp. 
 Papers, 1797, Svo; Malone's Inquiry into the Authenticity, 
 Ac.; Chalmers's Supp. Apology, 1799, Svo; Append., 1800, 
 Svo; Miscellaneous Papers and Legal Instruments, Ac., 
 pub. by Samuel Ireland, 1796, fol. ; Wilson's Shaksperiana, 
 pp. 21-32 ; Lon. Month. Rev., N. S., vols. xii., xx., xxii., 
 xxvii., xxxv.; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1796-97; N. York Eclec. 
 Mag., xvi. 476; Phila. Bizarre, 1853, vol. ii. 21-23, 33-35. 
 The plays of Vortigern and Henry the Second, two of the 
 Shakspeare Forgeries, were printed in 1799, 8vo, and Ire 
 land repub. Vortigern, with an original preface and a fac 
 simile of the forgery, in 1832, 8vo. The fol. vol. pub. by 
 S. Ireland, 1796, containing the Miscellaneous Papers, 
 Ac., is very rare, as but 138 copies were preserved. See 
 Wilson's Shaksperiana, p. 22. We happen to possess Ire 
 land's own MS. of one of his forgeries, Henry the Second : 
 the rascal seemed to feel but little penitence for his fraud; 
 for at the conclusion he indulges in the self-gratulatory 
 exclamation, "Huzza! Huzza! Huzza!" In addition to 
 the Shakspeare forgeries, Ireland wrote a number of no 
 vels, plays, poems, Ac., 1799-1814, a list of which will be 
 found in Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Samuel was really his first name. 
 
 Iremonger, Rev. Frederic, pub. a serm., 1816, and 
 some educational works. A new ed. of his Questions for 
 the Element. Books in the National Schools was pub., Lon., 
 1840, 12mo. 
 
 Ireton, John. Microcosmus : Anatomy of the Bodies 
 of Man and Woman, Lon., 1670, fol. ; from the original of 
 Spaher. 
 
 Irish, David. 1. Leyamen Infirmi, Lon., 1700, 8vo. 
 2. Animadversio Astrologica, 1701, 8vo. 
 
 Irons, Joseph, minister of Grove Church, Camber- 
 well. 1. Jazer: Assistance to the Weak in Faith; 16th 
 ed., Lon., 1832, 18mo. 2. Grove Chapel Pulpit, vols. i.-iv., 
 1851-52, Ac. ther works. 
 
 Irons, William Jonah, b. at Hoddesden, Herts, 
 1812, Vicar of Brompton, 1842, has pub. a number of 
 serms. and theolog. treatises, 1836-52. See Darling's 
 Cyc. Bibl., i. 613-615. 
 
 Ironside, Lt.-Col. Sun-Plant; Phil. Trans., 1774. 
 
 Ironside, Edward, of Twickenham, d. 1803. Hist, 
 and Antiq. of Twickenham, Lon., 1797, 4to. This work 
 forms No. 6 of Miscellaneous Antiquities, in continuation 
 of the Bibliotheca Topographia Britannica. 
 
 Ironsi de, F. Gilbert. The Sabbath, Oxf., 1637, 4to. 
 
 Irvine, Alexander. De Jure Regni Diascepsis ad 
 Regem Carolum, Lugd. Bat., 1627, 12mo. 
 
 Irvine, Rev. Alexander. Cause and Effects of 
 Emigration from the Highlands, Ac., 1802, 8vo. Noticed 
 by Rev. Sydney Smith, in Edin. Rev., i. 61-63. 
 
 Irvine, Alexander. London Flora, Lon., 1838, 
 12mo ; 1846, 12mo. 
 
 Irvine, Alexander Forbes. Prac. Treat, on the 
 Game Laws of Scotland, Edin., 1850, 8vo. 
 
 "The latest, fullest, and most complete collection of the Forest 
 Laws, and the rules of game in bird and beast." Perth Courier. 
 
 Irvine, Andrew. Serms., 1830, 8vo. 
 
 " Good specimens of sound reasoning, pure theology, and prac 
 tical application." Lon. Chris. Rememb. 
 
 Irvine, Christopher. 1. Bellum Grammatical, 
 Edin., 1650, '58, 8vo, 1698. 2. Medicina Magnetica; or, 
 the Art of Curing by Sympathy, Lon., 1656, 8vo. 3. In 
 dex Locoruin Scotorum, Edin., 1664, 8vo. 
 
 " An useful piece, and well deserves a new impression " Bv 
 Jficolscm's Scot. Hist. Lib. 
 
 3. Histori Scoticae, Nomenclatura Latino-Vernacula, 
 1682, '92, 8vo ; 1819, 12mo. See an account of this writer 
 in Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scots 
 men, 1855. 
 
 Irvine, Ralph. See IRVING. 
 m 
 
 Irvine, Wm., M.D. 1. Essays on Chemical Subjects, 
 edited by his son, Wm. Irvine, M.D., Lon., 1805, 8vo. 2. 
 Theories of Heat; Nic. Jour., 1803. And see 1805. 
 
 Irvine, Wm., M.D., son of the preceding. 1. On 
 Diseases, 1802, 8vo. 2. Letters on Sicily, 1813, r. 8vo. 
 3. Latent Heat ; Nic. Jour., 1804. 
 
 Irvine, Patrick. 1. Considerations on the Inexpe 
 diency of the Law of Entail in Scotland; 2d ed.. Edin., 
 1826, 8vo. 
 
 " A very short and a very sensible book on a subject of the 
 utmost importance to Scotland." Edin. Rev., No. 36. 
 
 " An ably-written and philosophical tract in opposition to the 
 practice of entail." McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ. 
 
 2. Considerations on the Inexpediency of the Law of 
 Marriage in Scotland, 1828, 8vo. 
 
 " Much valuable matter, collected from many authentic sources." 
 Law C/ironicle. 
 
 Irving, A. The Theory and Practice of Caste, Lon.. 
 1853, p. 8vo. 
 
 Irving, B. A. Egypt and the Bible, Camb., 1853, p. 8vo. 
 
 Irving, C. Educational works, Lon., 1841, Ac. 
 
 Irving, David, LL.D., a distinguished biographical 
 and legal writer. 1. Lives of Scottish Authors, viz. : Fer- 
 gusson, Falconer, and Russell, Edin., 1801, 12mo. 2. Ele 
 ments of English Composition, Lon., 1801, 12mo ; llth 
 ed., 1841, 12mo. 3. Lives of the Scottish Poets, Edin., 
 1804, 2 vols. 8vo ; 2d ed., improved, Lon., 1810, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Great research and critical ingenuity." PARK. 
 
 4. Memoirs of the Life and Writings of George Bu 
 chanan, Edin., 1807, 8vo; 2d ed., corrected and enlarged, 
 with an Appendix, 1817, Svo. 5. Memorial of Anne Mar 
 garet Anderson, 1815, Svo. Privately printed. 6. Obser 
 vations on the Study of the Civil Law, 1815, Svo; 4th ed., 
 1837, Svo. 
 
 " Gives complete and interesting details, within a moderate com 
 pass, (pp. 282, 8vo,) of the existing state of the study and practice 
 of the Civil Law, both at home and abroad, and of all the great 
 continental writers upon the subject." Warren's Law Studies, ed. 
 1845, 864. 
 
 See also 2 Hoff. Leg. Stu., 557; 1 Jurist, 661 ; 14 Leg. 
 Obs., 334; 2 Law Mag., 481. To Dr. Irving we are also 
 indebted for the article on Civil Law, in the 7th ed. Encyc. 
 Brit., vol. vi., 708-719. 7. Alex. Montgomery's Works in 
 the Scottish Dialect, with Life and Illustrative Notes, 1821, 
 Svo. 250 copies printed. 8. A Catalogue of the Law Books 
 in the Advocates' Library, 1831, Svo. 9. Lives of the 
 Scottish Writers, Lon., 1839, 2 vols. p. Svo; 1850, 2 vols. 
 in 1, p. Svo. 10. The Table-Talk of John Selden, with 
 Notes, 1854, cr. Svo. 
 
 " Enriched by annotations of no inconsiderable value, evincing 
 extensive and well-directed research." Westm. Rev. 
 
 Irving, Edward, 1792-1834, a native of Annan, 
 Dumfriesshire, Scotland, was educated at the University 
 of Edinburgh ; Assistant minister to Dr. Chalmers, of 
 St. John's Church, Glasgow, 1819-22 ; minister of the 
 Scotch Church, Cross Street, Hatton Garden, London, 
 1822; removed to the large church built for bis congrega 
 tion in Regent's Square, 1829; accused of heresy by the 
 Presbytery of London, 1830 ; ejected from his church, May 
 3, 1832. After his ejectment, his friends purchased for 
 him the picture-gallery of Benjamin West, in Newman 
 Street, and there Mr. Irving attracted large crowds by his 
 remarkable exhibitions of the " gift of unknown tongues," 
 produced directly, as he believed, by divine inspiration. 
 He died of consumption at Glasgow, December 6, 1834, 
 in the 42d year of his age. He was undoubtedly a sincere 
 and excellent man ; but his judgment and prudence were 
 not equal to his piety and devotion, even before the unmis 
 takable evidences of insanity which eventually clouded 
 his fine intellect. He pub. For the Oracles of God, Four 
 Orations; For Judgment to Come, an Argument in Nine 
 Parts, 3d ed., Lon., 1824, Svo; Babylon and Infidelity 
 foredoomed of God, 1826, 2 vols. 12mo, reprinted in 1 vol. 
 Svo; Serms., Lects., and Occasional Discourses, Lon., 1828, 
 3 vols. Svo; Homilies on the Sacraments, vol. i., 1828, sm. 
 Svo ; The Last Days, 1828, Svo, 2d ed., with Life by H. 
 Bonar, 1850, p. 8vo ; Expositions of the Book of Revela 
 tion, 1831, 4 vols. 12mo ; and a number of single serms., 
 theolog. treatises, Ac. One of his best productions is his 
 Introduction to Bishop Home's Comment, on the Psalms, 
 already noticed by us in the life of that excellent prelate. 
 Mr. Irving's disciples are by no means extinct, in proof of 
 which a project is now (1856) on foot to build Irvingite 
 chapels in all the large towns of the United Kingdom; and 
 it is reported that one gentleman in London has recently 
 subscribed no less than 100,000 towards this scheme. 
 For further information regarding this once-famous divine, 
 see Biog. Sketch of Edward Irving, (by W. Jones,) 2 vols. 
 Svo ; Edward Irving, an Ecclesiastical and Literary Bio- 
 
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 grapby, (by Washington Wilks,) 1855, 12mo; Chambers 
 and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, 
 vol. v.j Jamieson's Cyc. of Religious Biog., 1853; The 
 Trial of the Rev. Edward Irving, with 5 portraits by 
 Cruikshank, (a jeu-d' esprit y) Gilfillan's First and Third 
 Galleries of Literary Portraits; Hazlitt's Spirit of the 
 Age; De Quincey's Lit. Reminis. ; Works of Charles 
 Lamb; Lockhart's Life of Scott; Metropolitan Pulpit; 
 Death of the Rev. Edward Irving, (by Thos. Carlyle,) in 
 Fraser's Mag., xi. 99 ; Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 294, 961, 974; 
 J. W. Lester's Criticisms ; Maginn's O'Doherty Papers ; 
 Lon. Gent. Mag., 1832, Pt. 2, 154; 1835, Pt. 1, 664; 
 Westm. Rev., i. 27; Blackw. Mag., xiv. 145, 192, 346; 
 xv. 194, 230, 601; xxiv. 897; Fraser's Mag., iii. 423; N. 
 York Method. Quar. Rev., ix. 109 ; N. York Eclec. Mag., 
 xiv. 503; N. York Democratic Rev., xiv. 496; Bost. Chris. 
 Exam., ii. 468, (by A. Lamson ;) Bost. Liv. Age, xxix. 211, 
 (by F. Saunders;) N. Haven Chris. Month. Spec., vi. 150, 
 199; x. 318; Niles's Reg., xliv. 228; Phila. Mus. of For. 
 Lit, iii. 364. 
 
 " He was unquestionably, by many degrees, the greatest orator 
 of our times. Of him indeed, more than of any man whom I have 
 seen throughout my whole experience, it might be said, with truth 
 and emphasis, that he was a Boanerges, a son of thunder." DE 
 QUINCEY : uM supra. 
 
 " What the Scottish uncelebrated Irving was, they that have 
 only seen the London celebrated (and distorted) one can never 
 know. Bodily and spiritually, perhaps there was not (in that 
 November, 1822) a man more full of genial energetic life in all 
 these Islands." CARLYLE : ubi supra. 
 
 " Mr. Irving has shrunk from no opinion, however parodoxical. 
 He has scrupled to avow no sentiment, however obnoxious. He 
 has revived exploded prejudices; he has scouted prevailing fash 
 ions. He has opposed the spirit of the age, and not consulted the 
 esprit de corps. ... He has held a play-book in one hand and a 
 Bible in the other, and quoted Shakspeare and Melancthon in the 
 same breath." HAZLITT : ubi supra. 
 
 " I could hardly keep my eyes off him while we were at table. 
 He put me in mind of the devil disguised as an angel of light, so 
 ill did that horrible obliquity of vision harmonize with the dark 
 tranquil features of his face, resembling that of our Saviour in 
 Italian pictures, with the hair carefully arranged in the same 
 manner." SIR WALTER SCOTT : ubi supra. 
 
 Irving, G. V. Digest of the Inhabited-House Tax 
 Act, Lon., 1852, 8vo. 
 
 Irving, Helen W., is the nom de plume of a very 
 young lady, a resident of Lynn, Massachusetts, who has 
 pub. a number of poetical pieces in The Home Journal 
 and other periodicals. The stanzas entitled Love and 
 Fame have been cited as especially deserving of com 
 mendation. See T. B. Read's Female Poets of America; 
 Caroline May's American Female Poets. 
 
 Irving, John Treat, 1778-1838, Presiding Judge of 
 the Court of Common Pleas for the City and County of 
 New York from 1817 until his death, and a brother of 
 Washington and Peter Irving, was a contributor to the 
 Morning Chronicle, (started in New York, Oct. 1, 1802.) 
 a Democratic journal, conducted by the last-named of his 
 two brothers. He acquired some distinction by his poeti 
 cal attacks upon the tenets of his political opponents, and 
 more by the exemplary discharge of the duties connected 
 with his judicial station. See Daly's Hist, of Judic. Trib. 
 of N. York, p. 65. 
 
 Irving, John Treat, a member of the New York 
 Bar, son of the preceding, and a nephew of Washington 
 Irving, is best known as an author by his Sketches in an 
 Expedition to the Pawnee Tribes, Phila., 1833, 2 vols. 
 12mo, Lon., 1835, 2 vols. p. 8vo ; The Attorney, a Novel; 
 and Harry Harson, or The Benevolent Bachelor ; a Novel. 
 The last two works were originally pub. in the New York 
 Knickerbocker Magazine, under the signature of John Quod. 
 Irving, L. H. Sketches of Gibraltar, Edin., 1853, 
 ob. fol. 
 
 Irving, Peter, 1771-1838, a brother of Washington 
 Irving, pub. at New York, in 1820, a novel entitled Gio 
 vanni Sbogarro ; a Venetian Tale, (from the French,) with 
 
 alterations by Percival G . Mr. Irving was editor and 
 
 proprietor of The Morning Chronicle, a Democratic paper, 
 started in New York, Oct. 1, 1802, and co-projector with 
 his brother Washington of the humorous sketches which 
 the latter expanded into the celebrated History of New 
 York, by Diedrich Knickerbocker. Dr. Irving so called 
 from some attention paid to the study of medicine in early 
 life resided in Europe from 1809 to '36, and died in about 
 two years after his return to New York. 
 
 Irving, or Irvine, Ralph. 1. Peruvian Bark, Edin., 
 1785, 8vo. 2. Dispensatory, 1786, 8vo. 
 
 Irving, Maxwell John. See MAXWELL, JOHN 
 IRVING. 
 
 Irving, Theodore, LL.D., b. 1809, in the city of New 
 York, a son of Ebenezer Irving, resided for some years 
 
 abroad with his uncle, Washington Irving; was from 1836 
 to '49 Professor of History and Belles-Lettres at Geneva 
 College, and subsequently filled for three years the chair 
 of Belles-Lettres in the Free Academy of New York. In 
 December, 1854, he took holy orders in the Protestant 
 Episcopal Church. In addition to many fugitive essays 
 contributed to the periodicals of the day, Mr. Irving is the 
 author of two valuable works, viz. : 1. The Conquest of 
 Florida, by Hernando de Soto, Phila., 1835, 2 vols. 12mo; 
 Lon., 1835, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Revised ed., uniform with the 
 collective ed. of Washington Irving's Works, N. York, 
 12mo. Also pub. in vol. x. of H. G. Bohn's collective ed. 
 of Washington Irving's Works, Lon., 1851, 10 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " The book before us is a delightful one In their style, too, 
 
 these volumes are related to the pure and graceful writing of the 
 
 author of the Life of Columbus. . . . The history before us is hardly 
 a thing to read or criticize without a spark of the old ballad spirit 
 being lighted within us, and we had better close our notice, lest 
 
 we be tempted to try the indiscretion of a rhyme." Lon. 
 1835, 609-611. 
 
 2. The Fountain of Living Waters ; illustrated by Facts, 
 N. York, 1854, 18mo; 4th ed., 1855, 18mo. 
 
 " The whole object of the book is to lead erring and wandering 
 souls to Christ. Believing that it is well calculated to accomplish 
 this end, we would commend it as a book to be put into the hands 
 of young persons whose minds are turned more or less to religious 
 themes, and particularly such as need kind and gentle persuasives 
 to piety." Prot. Epis. Rev. and Church Reg., N. York, April, 1855, 
 313. 
 
 " Living Waters is a sweet and tender appeal in behalf of 
 spiritual religion, addressed especially to the young." Method. 
 Quar. Rev. 
 
 Irving, Thomas. Con. to Med. Com., 1790. 
 
 Irving, Washington, one of the most distinguished 
 of modern authors, was born April 3, 1783, in the city of 
 New York, in a house in William Street, between John and 
 Fulton Streets, and not far from that venerable pile the Old 
 Dutch Church. This mansion so long an object of in 
 terest to citizen and sojourner had until within the last 
 few years resisted the progress of "improvement," which 
 was gradually changing the face of the neighbourhood; 
 but it too at last yielded to its fate, and in 1846 its site 
 was occupied by one of the stately "Washington Stores." 
 The father of Washington Irving was a native of Scot 
 land, his mother an Englishwoman, and perhaps it is not 
 entirely a matter of imagination to fancy that the national 
 characteristics of both parents are to be discovered in 
 several of the productions of the author of The Sketch- 
 Book and Bracebridge Hall. 
 
 The earliest of Mr. Irving's contributions to the Re 
 public of Letters a number of letters on the drama, the 
 social customs of New York, <fcc. were pub., in 1802, 
 (under the nom de plume of Jonathan Oldstyle,) in The 
 Morning Chronicle, a Democratic journal, edited by the 
 author's brother, Dr. Peter Irving. These epistles appeared 
 in pamphlet form, without the author's consent, in the year 
 1824. After some attention to the study of Coke and 
 Blackstone, the state of Mr. Irving's health caused him 
 in 1804 to seek for that physical benefit which a change 
 of scene and climate might naturally be expected to 
 afford. After an absence of two years in Italy, Switzer 
 land, France, and England, fcc., he returned home in 
 1806, resumed his legal studies, and was admitted to the bar. 
 In January, 1807, appeared, to the great delight of the wits of 
 the good city of Gotham, always willing to enjoy a laugh, 
 No. 1 of a semi-monthly magazine, the joint production of 
 Washington Irving, James K.Paulding, andWilliam Irving ; 
 the latter contributing the poetry, and hints and sketches for 
 some of the essays. This was the since-famous Salmagundi, or 
 The Whim-Whams and Opinions of Launcelot Langstaff and 
 Others. The amusing character of this periodical rendered 
 it exceedingly agreeable to the town, and its popularity pro 
 mised a long and profitable life; but for some reason or 
 other it was discontinued after the issue of the twentieth 
 number. In 1809 was pub. the famous History of New 
 York, by Diedrich Knickerbocker. The first part of this 
 work was sketched in company with Dr. Peter Irving, who, 
 on his departure for Europe, confided the whole to Wash 
 ington, by whose humorous genius it was expanded to its 
 present shape. Though this was one of the first-fruits of 
 his inventive talent, it is risking but little to affirm that in 
 its peculiar qualities it has not been surpassed by any later 
 efforts successful as they have been of its accomplished 
 author. In 1810, Washington Irving who had never 
 found sufficient attraction in his legal studies to induce 
 him to practise the profession was admitted as a partner, 
 with two of his brothers, in the extensive commercial 
 establishment which they conducted at New York and 
 Liverpool. The failure of this house in 1817, consequent 
 upon the pecuniary difficulties which followed the treaty 
 
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 of peace between England and the United States, occurred 
 when Washington was in Europe, and this reverse of for 
 tune induced the already popular author to determine to 
 follow literature as a profession. He had of late employed 
 his pen but seldom : a series of naval biographies contri 
 buted to Moses Thomas's (of Philadelphia) Analectic 
 Magazine, (of which Irving was in 1^13-14 the editor,) 
 and a biographical sketch of Thomas Campbell, prefixed 
 to a Philadelphia edit, of the works of the latter, are all 
 of Irving's productions with which the world seems to 
 have been favoured, from the date of the publication of The 
 Knickerbocker, in 1809 to the time of the appearance of 
 The Sketch-Book, in 1819. The numbers of the last-named 
 work (composed in London) were transmitted to New York 
 for publication, were read with avidity on both sides of the 
 water, and several of the series were soon copied by Jer- 
 dan in the London Literary Gazette, and by the editors 
 of other periodicals. 
 
 " We are greatly at a loss [remarks the formidable Blackwood 
 in the number for February, 1820] to comprehend for what reason 
 Mr. Irving has thought fit to publish his Sketch-Book in America 
 earlier than in Britain ; but at all events he is doing himself great 
 injustice by not having an edition printed here of every number, 
 after it has appeared in New York. Nothing has been written for 
 a long time, for which it would be more safe to promise great and 
 eager acceptance." Vol. vi. 557, (by J. G. Lockhart.) 
 
 This is the article referred to by Sir Walter Scott in the 
 letter quoted by Irving in the Preface to his revised edit, 
 ef The Sketch-Book. 
 
 This was encouragement indeed, encouragement such 
 as many a British aspirant for literary fame would have 
 given the copy-right of his best work to have secured. In 
 the same month in which the above eulogy appeared, 
 Irving pub. in London, under the nom deplume of Geoffrey 
 Crayon, Gent n , the first vol. of The Sketch-Book. It was 
 printed by John Miller, but at the author's expense ; Mur 
 ray, the Great Mogul of the book-trade, having declined 
 the enterprise. The failure of Miller within a few weeks 
 after the publication threw Irving again on the town for 
 a publisher, and, through the friendly offices of Sir Walter 
 Scott, Murray was induced to act in the premises. He 
 gave the author 200, which he soon felt justified by the 
 sale of the work in increasing to 400. The Sketch-Book 
 was originally pub. in February, 1820, in 1 vol., but in 
 July of the same year it appeared in 2 vols., a 2d edit, 
 of the 1st, together with a new vol. The author had now 
 attained an extended literary reputation, both at home 
 and abroad ; and so far was he from having any difficulty 
 in procuring a publisher, that when Bracebridge Hall, or 
 the Humourists, was ready for the press in 1822, Mr. Mur 
 ray was ready to offer 1000 guineas for the copy-right 
 without having seen the MS. He obtained the coveted 
 prize at his offer, and subsequently gave the same 
 author nearly twice as much (2000) for the Chronicle of 
 the Conquest of Granada, and quite three times as much 
 (3000 guineas) for the History of the Life and Voyages of 
 Christopher Columbus. But we anticipate. The dates of 
 the publications of Irving's succeeding works, given to the 
 world between the appearance of The Sketch-Book in 
 London, in 1820, and his return to the United States in 
 May, 1&32, were as follows : 
 
 Bracebridge Hall, or the Humourists; a Medley, by 
 Geoffrey Crayon, Gent", Lon., 1S22, 2 vois. 8vo; N. York, 
 1822, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Tales of a Traveller, by Geoffrey Crayon, Gent n , Lon., 
 1824, 2 vols. 8vo; N. York, 1824, 4 Pts. Sold to Murray 
 (without his having seen the MS,) for 1500 guineas. 
 
 The Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus, 182S, 
 4 vols. 8vo ; N. York, 1828, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada, Lon., 1829, 2 
 vols. p. 8vo j Phila., 1829, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Voyages of the Companions of Columbus, 1 vol., Lon,, 
 Paris, and Phila., 1831. 
 
 The Alhambra, Lon,, 1832, 2 vols. 8vo; Phila., 1832, 
 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 In May, 1832, as above stated, Mr. Irving returned 
 home, after an absence of seventeen years. During this 
 long period he had been an extensive traveller. We left 
 him at London, superintending the publication of The 
 Sketch-Book, in 1820. A portion of this year and of the 
 following was spent in the city of Paris:" the winter of 
 1822 was passed at Dresden, and that of 1825 in the South 
 f France. In the winter of 1825-26, at the earnest 
 request of Mr. Alexander H. Everett, American minister 
 to Spain, to whom the idea was first suggested by 0. 
 Rich, Esq., American Consul at Madrid, Mr. Irving 
 visited Madrid for the purpose of translating into English 
 the valuable compilation of Navarette, Coleccion de los 
 
 Viages y Descubrimientos, Ac. pub. at Madrid in 1825, (after 
 Mr. Irving's arrival,) in 2 vols. 4 to. Mr. Rich, indeed, 
 had from the first set his heart not upon a mere transla 
 tion of this collection, but upon a Life of Columbus from 
 the pen of Washington Irving. This darling desire he 
 was so happy as to see realized, and to him, therefore, is 
 the world indebted for the publication of this work. Mr. 
 Irving was the guest of this eminent bibliographer, 
 whose name has long been honoured by students in both 
 hemispheres ; and, says he, 
 
 "In his extensive and curious library I found one of the best 
 collections extant of Spanish colonial history, containing many 
 documents for which I might elsewhere search in vain. This he 
 put at my absolute command, with a frankness and unreserve 
 seldom to be met with among the possessors of such rare and 
 valuable works; and his library has been my main resource 
 throughout the whole of my labours." 
 
 We^hall have more to quote to Mr. Rich's credit when 
 we reach his patronymic in the future pages of our Dic 
 tionary. In this year (1826) and the following, as also 
 in the spring of 1829, Mr. Irving made profitable journeys 
 in the South of Spain, the results of which were given to 
 the world in 1829, in The Chronicle of the Conquest of 
 Granada ; in 1832, in the picturesque pages of The Alham 
 bra; in 1835, in The Legends of the Conquest of Spain; 
 and in 1849-50, in Mahomet and his Successors. 
 
 Mr. Irving left Spain in July, 1829, and returned to 
 London to discharge the duties connected with the Secre 
 taryship of Legation to the American Embassy, which 
 had been conferred upon him during his absence. In 1830 
 Mr. Henry Hallam and himself were honoured by the gift 
 of the two fifty-guinea gold medals ordered by George IV. 
 to be presented to the two authors who should be adjudged 
 to have attained the greatest excellence in historical com 
 position. This high compliment to Mr. Irving was a well- 
 deserved tribute to the merits of his History of the Life 
 and Voyages of Christopher Columbus. In the next year 
 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon Mr. Irving by tho 
 University of Oxford, a testimonial which that august 
 body is not in the habit of bestowing upon slight founda 
 tions. After an absence protracted through seventeen 
 years, Mr. Irving at length sailed for home, and arrived 
 in New York on the 21st day of May, 1832. To one who 
 had conferred such imperishable renown upon the Ame 
 rican name even had there been nothing in the man to 
 elicit that enthusiastic affection with which Washington 
 Irving is regarded by his countrymen no common honours 
 were accorded. A public dinner was immediately tendered 
 to him in New York, and the friends of early days, to 
 gether with those who had grown into civic eminence and 
 social consideration during his absence, united in paying 
 homage to him who had conferred honour upon all. The 
 citizens of other States also claimed their right to enter 
 tain their illustrious countryman, and nothing but that 
 modesty which has always been a distinguishing trait of 
 his character prevented a series of ovations and a tri 
 umphal march through the American Republic from Bos 
 ton to St. Louis and Philadelphia to New Orleans. 
 
 "We cannot refuse ourselves the pleasure," remarks one of the 
 most eminent of his countrymen, "of bearing our humble part 
 in the cordial welcome with which the unanimous voice of the 
 country is now greeting the distinguished pilgrim on his return 
 from abroad The open and hearty welcome which his fellow- 
 citizens have given him shows that he is best appreciated where 
 he is best known. His reception at New York was the fairest 
 triumph that has yet been accorded to literary desert in the New 
 World." EDWARD EVERETT : Review of The Alhambra, in JV. Amer. 
 Rev., xxxv. 265-282. 
 
 Shortly after his return to the United States, Mr. Irving 
 visited some of the most interesting portions of the Great 
 West, and gratified the world with the fruits of his re 
 searches among the Indians, in the Tour on the Prairies, 
 pub. in the Crayon Miscellany in 1835. Those more fond 
 of studying the phenomena of life under another phase, 
 found in the Recollections of Abbotsford and Newstead 
 Abbey, and The Legends of the Conquest of Spain, com 
 prising the second and third vols. of the Crayon Miscel 
 lany, sufficient to charm the imagination and delight the 
 taste. To this collection succeeded Astoria; or, Anecdotes 
 of an Enterprise beyond the Rocky Mountains, pub. in 
 1836, (in which the author was assisted by his nephew, 
 Pierre M. Irving;) and the Adventures of Captain Bonne- 
 ville, U.S.A., in the Rocky Mountains and the Far West, 
 (based upon the MSS. of Capt. B. and other materials,) 
 which was given to the world in 1837. In the years 1839 
 and '40, Mr. Irving contributed a number of papers to The 
 Knickerbocker Magazine, a portion of which, with other 
 fugitive articles, were collected in 1855, and pub. in a vol. 
 under the title of Wolfert's Roost. From 1842 to '46 Mr. 
 Irving resided at Madrid as United States Minister to 
 
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 IRV 
 
 Spain, and, returning home in the latter year, sought a 
 quiet retreat for his remaining year^ in Wolfert's Roost, 
 an earthly paradise which we shall not attempt to describe 
 after the portraiture which the owner himself has given 
 to the world. The " Stronghold of old Baltus Van Tassel 
 on the Banks of the Hudson," so graphically sketched in 
 the Legend of Sleepy Hollow, has now acquired a double 
 share of renown and undying honours by the occupancy 
 of its eloquent topographer. A well-drawn picture of 
 Wolfert's Roost and its present lord (by Henry T. Tucker- 
 man) will be found in The Homes of American Authors, N. 
 York, 1853. Here, in his bachelor-home, for Geoffrey 
 Crayon has been content to eulogize the blessings of matri 
 mony whilst denying himself their indulgence, in the 
 company of his surviving brother and affectionate nieces, 
 who are to him as daughters, the author of the Sketch- 
 Book passes his tranquil days in calm anticipation of that 
 change which, we trust, for the sake of his many friends, is 
 yet at a long distance. 
 
 His publications since his retirement have been the 
 Biography and Poetical Remains of the late Margaret 
 Miller Davidson, 1841; Oliver Goldsmith, a Biography, 
 1849, (enlarged from a sketch prefixed to the Works of 
 the latter pub. in Paris, Galignani, 1825, 4 vols., Baudry, 
 1837, 4 vols. 8vo;) Mahomet and his Successors, 2 vols., 
 1849-50 j The Life of George Washington, vol. i., 1855, 
 ii. and iiL, 1856. This work will probably comprise two 
 or three more volumes. Mr. Irving has also within the 
 last few years superintended the publication of a revised 
 edit, of his works, urged thereto by the persuasions of 
 the eminent publisher, Mr. George P. Putnam, of New 
 York. The new edit, was issued by Mr. Putnam in 15 
 vols., 1848-50, and the sale so far (i.e. to Jan. 1857) has 
 been 250,000 vols., which, added to about as many disposed 
 of the old edits., gives an aggregate sale in America alone 
 of half a million vols. of the works of this popular author. 
 This enumeration does not include the 98,000 vols. already 
 printed of the unfinished life of Washington, nor the num 
 ber of copies sold of Wolfert's Roost, which must be very 
 large. 
 
 The Works of Washington Irving, in the new revised and 
 uniform edit, just referred to, are thus arranged: Vol. I. 
 Knickerbocker's History of New York. II. The Sketch- 
 Book. III., IV., V. Columbus and his Companions. VI. 
 Bracebridge Hall. VII. Tales of a Traveller. VIII. As 
 toria. IX. The Crayon Miscellany. X. Capt. Bonneville's 
 Adventures. XI. Oliver Goldsmith; a Biography. XII., 
 XIII. Mahomet and his Successors. XIV. The Conquest 
 of Granada. XV. The Alhambra. To these must be 
 added Wolfert's Roost and The Life of Washington, (also 
 pub. by Geo. P. Putnam & Co. of New York,) which, with 
 The Legends of the Conquest of Spain, will be included 
 in a Second Series of uniform edits, of Irving's Works. A 
 collective London edit, is pub. by Henry G. Bohn, uniform 
 with his Standard Library. It is comprised in 10 thick 
 8vo vols., (1851,) viz.: Vol.1. Salmagundi and Knicker 
 bocker j with Portrait of Irving. II. Sketch-Book, and 
 Life of Goldsmith. III. Bracebridge Hall, Abbotsford, 
 and Newstead. IV. Tales of a Traveller, and The Alham 
 bra. V. Conquest of Granada, and Conquest of Spain. 
 VI., VII., Life of Columbus, and Companions of Colum 
 bus ; with a New Index and a fine Portrait. VIII. Asto 
 ria, and a Tour on the Prairies. IX. Mahomet and his 
 Successors; with Portrait. X. Conquest of Floridh,, (by 
 Theodore Irving,) and Adventures of Capt. Bonneville. 
 Irving's Works are also pub. in London, from time to time, 
 by Murray, Bentley, Routledge, W. Smith, Tegg, Ac. 
 
 Some have been issued with illustrations, on both sides 
 of the Atlantic; and Messrs. Childs <fc Peterson, of Phila 
 delphia, publish Irving's Select Works, illustrated by F 
 0. C. Darley and others, in 6 vols. 8vo ; viz. : I. The 
 Sketch-Book. II. Knickerbocker's History of New York. 
 III. Tales of a Traveller. IV. Oliver Goldsmith : A Bio 
 graphy. V. The Alhambra. VI. Bracebridge Hall; or, 
 The Humorists. 
 
 This volume (VI.) is illustrated by fourteen steel plates, 
 engraved by Greatbach and others, from original designs 
 by Schmolze. 
 
 What more acceptable testimonial of regard could be 
 presented to a friend than this valuable set of works ? 
 
 The same publishers issue a companion-volume to this 
 set, or the complete works of Irving, entitled The Illus 
 trated Beauties of Irving, "containing thirty spirited Illus 
 trations of the Works of Washington Irving, finely engraved 
 on steel, accompanied by an elaborate and carefully-pre 
 pared Biographical and! Critical Sketch of Mr. Irving, from 
 Allibone's Dictionary of Authors ; also, a notice of Sunny 
 
 Side, Ac., by H. T. Tuckerman, Esq. ; together with choice 
 passages selected from each of Mr. Irving's works." 
 
 The "notice" by Mr. Tuckerman, above referred to, is 
 an extract from the admirable sketch entitled Sunny Side 
 and its Proprietor, to which we have just called the atten 
 tion of the reader who desires to see a graphic portraiture 
 of Geoffrey Crayon reposing amidst the rural shades of 
 Sleepy Hollow. We can bear witness to the faithfulness 
 of the picture. There, are enough points of resemblance 
 n literary taste, culture, and style between the limner and 
 iris subject to make "Tuckerman upon Irving" sound as 
 natural and fitting as " Coke upon Littleton." 
 
 Nor must we omit to notice the Illustrated Edition of 
 Irving's Life of Washington, now (1858) in course of pub 
 lication (by Putnam) in semi-monthly Parts, (14 to each 
 vol.,) imp. 8vo, 100 copies large paper 4to. 
 ILLUSTRATIONS ON STEEL. 
 
 Site of Washington's Birthplace; Mount Vernon, 
 (Three Views :) Washington as a Surveyor ; Washington 
 at Fort Necessity ; Washington Surveying the Dismal 
 Swamp; Washington at Winchester; Washington's Field- 
 Sports; Fortifying Bunker's Hill; FortTiconderoga; Lake 
 George ; Fortifications at West Point in 1780, (from a con 
 temporary drawing;) Washington Quelling a Riot; View 
 of New York, 1776; Boston from Dorchester Heights in 
 1776 ; Announcement of Independence ; Battle of Tren 
 ton ; Battle of Germantown ; Battle of Monmouth ; Brad- 
 dock's Battle-Field; Washington going to Congress, <fcc. 
 
 And now, in accordance with our promise in the preface 
 to this work, a promise which the preceding pages will 
 prove we have neither forgotten nor delayed to fulfil, we 
 shall proceed to adduce, as we have done in other instances, 
 the verdicts which eminent critics have passed upon the 
 literary characteristics of the subject of our notice. In 
 many preceding cases we have been obliged to omit much 
 more than we had space to quote of interesting and truly 
 valuable criticism; but, when we commence the pleasing 
 task of citing opinions respecting the productions of Wash 
 ington Irving, we are literally oppressed by the embarraa 
 de richesses. As we glance around our library-shelves, 
 and behold the mass of materials which we have been for 
 years collecting on this theme, (as we have on the same 
 scale, though not to the same extent, collected for the 
 illustration of many thousands of other writers,) we feel it 
 to be no exaggeration to say that we could readily fill a 
 goodly octavo volume with the matter which our space will 
 oblige us to reject. Be it our care, therefore, to make that 
 judicious selection from the materials which invite our 
 research, which shall truly represent the impression which 
 this distinguished writer has made upon the present gene 
 ration and the one which first sat in judgment on the 
 early fruits of his literary toil. 
 
 1. SALMAGUNDI; OK, THE WHIM- WHAMS AND OPINIONS 
 OF LAUNCELOT LANGSTAFF, ESQ., AND OTHERS, January, 
 1807, to January, 1808 : 
 
 " We all remember the success of Salmagundi, to which he was 
 a large and distinguished contributor; with what rapidity and to 
 what extent it circulated through America ; how familiar it made 
 us with the local pleasantry and the personal humours of New 
 York, and what an abiding influence it has had in that city, by 
 forming a sort of school of wit of a character somewhat marked 
 and peculiar, and superior to every thing our country has wit 
 nessed, except, perhaps, that of the wits of The Anarchiad in Con 
 necticut." EDWARD EVERETT : JV. Amer. Rev., xv. 206, July, 1822. 
 
 "We have no hesitation in saying at the outset, that we consi 
 der the good papers of Salmagundi, and the greater part of Knick 
 erbocker, superior to the Sketch-Book. ... It [Salmagundi] was 
 exceedingly pleasant morning or after-dinner reading, never 
 taking up too much of a gentleman's time from his business and 
 pleasures, nor so exalted and spiritualized as to seem mystical to 
 bis far-reaching vision. . . . Though its wit is sometimes forced, 
 and its serious style sometimes false, upon looking it over we 
 have found it full of entertainment, with an infinite variety of 
 characters and circumstances, and with that amiable, good-natured 
 wit and pathos which shows that the heart has not grown hard 
 while making merry of the world." RICHARD M. DANA, SR. : N. 
 Amer. Rev., ix. 323, 334, 344-345, Sept. 1819. 
 
 "The better pieces are written in Mr. Irving's best manner. 
 Take it altogether, it was certainly a production of extraordinary 
 merit, and was instantaneously and universally recognised as 
 such by the public. It wants of course the graver merits of the 
 modern British Collections of Essays; but for spirit, effect, and 
 actual literary value, we doubt whether any publication of the 
 class since The Spectator, upon which it is directly modelled, can 
 fairly be put in competition with it." ALEXANDER H. EVERETT : 
 N. Amer. Rev., xxviii. 116, Jan. 1829. 
 
 "It was in form and method of publication imitated from The 
 Spectator, but, in details, spirit, and aim, so exquisitely adapted to 
 the latitude of New York, that its appearance was hailed with a 
 delight hitherto unknown : it was, in feet, a complete triumph of 
 local genius." HENRY T. TUCKERMAN : Sketch of Amer. Lit. 
 
 "In this work we are introduced to the watering-places, balls, 
 elections, reviews, and coteries of the daughter-country, and par 
 ticularly of New York, the centre of its fashion, in a style of un- 
 
 937 
 
IRV 
 
 IRV 
 
 eparin" and broad humour, infinitely outdoing any liberties which 
 Mathews thought fit to take with his hospitable entertainers, and 
 reflecting some credit on the good-temper which was shown by its 
 
 reception That Salmagundi owes its principal pretensions to 
 
 Mr. Irving's exertions we are the more inclined to conclude from 
 the evidence of a work in which, not very long afterwards, he tried 
 his strength single-handed, under the title of Knickerbockers 
 Humorous History of New York." Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxi. 4(4, 
 475, March, 1825. 
 
 " The production of Paulding, Irving, Verplanck, and perhaps 
 of others, in partnership [an error, see p. 935] : the papers of Pauld 
 ing are more sarcastic, ill natured, acrimonious, bitter, than 
 those of Irving; but quite as able : those by Verplanck we do not 
 know: we have only heard of him as one of the writers: it is a 
 work in two volumes duodecimo ; essays, after the manner of Gold 
 smith, a downright, secret, laboured, continual imitation of him, 
 abounding, too, in plagiarisms: the title is from our English 
 Fi IM-FLAMS : oriental papers, the little man in black, &c. &c. from 
 the Citizen of the World : parts are capital : as a whole, the work 
 is quite superior to any thing of the kind which this age has pro 
 duced." JOHN NEAL : Blackw. Mag., xvii. 61, Jan. 1826. 
 2. KNICKERBOCKER'S HISTORY OF NEW YORK, 1809. 
 It was to this work that Irving owed his fortunate in 
 troduction to Sir Walter Scott. Campbell was aware of 
 the delight with which it was read by the Great Unknown, 
 and therefore gave the author a letter to Abbotsford. The 
 young American arrived at Selkirk on the 29th of August, 
 1817. 
 
 " I had come down from Edinburgh," he tells us, " partly to 
 visit Melrose Abbey and its vicinity, but chiefly to get a sight of 
 the 'mighty minstrel of the North.' I had a letter of introduc 
 tion to him from Thomas Campbell, the poet, and had reason to 
 think, from the interest he had taken in some of my earlier scrib- 
 blings, that a visit from me would not be deemed an intrusion. 
 On the following morning, after an early breakfast, I set off in a 
 postchaise for the Abbey. On the way thither I stopped at the 
 gate of Abbotsford, and sent the postillion to the house with the 
 letter of introduction and my card, on which I had written that 
 I was on my way to the ruins of Melrose Abbey, and wished to 
 know whether it would be agreeable to Mr. Scott (he had not yet 
 been made a baronet) to receive a visit from me in the course of 
 the morning." Irving's Abbotsford. 
 
 Mr. Lockhart shall tell us in what spirit this " modest 
 approach" was received : 
 
 " Scott's family well remember the delight with which he received 
 this announcement : he was at breakfast, and sallied forth instantly, 
 dogs and children after him as usual, to greet the, guest and con 
 duct him in person from the highway to the door." LoclcharVs 
 Life of Scott. 
 
 Mr. Irving must be permitted to take up the thread : 
 " Before Scott had reached the gate he called out to me in a 
 hearty tone, welcoming me to Abbotsford, and asking news of 
 Campbell. Arrived at the door of the chaise, he grasped me 
 warmly by the hand: 'Come, drive down, drive down to the 
 house,' said he ; ' ye're just in time for breakfest, and afterwards 
 ye shall see all the wonders of the Abbey.' 
 
 " I would have excused myself on the plea of having already 
 made my breakfast. ' Hout, man !' cried he; ' a ride in the morning 
 in the keen air of the Scotch hills is warrant enough for a second 
 breakfast!' " Ubi supra. 
 
 Thus graphically is sketched, by the gratified stranger 
 his first interview with the tried and loving friend of many 
 years; and this lifelike description is familiar, or should 
 be so, to all. But it has been the happy lot of the writer 
 of these pages to hear from Irving's own lips while the 
 generous tear of affection quivered in his eye the pathetic 
 account of his last interview with his friend, a few months 
 before the lamentations of nations over his grave testified 
 to the strong hold which he had gained upon the hearts 
 of his readers in every land. But we are anticipating 
 here: should we ever record the deeply-interesting narra 
 tion to which we refer, it will be more appropriately intro 
 duced in our life of the author of Waverley. It is worth 
 mentioning, in this connexion, that in a letter from Scot 
 to John Richardson, dated 22d Sept. 1817, he remarks : 
 
 "When you see Tom Campbell, tell him with my best love tha 
 I have to thank him for making me known to Mr. Washington 
 Irving, who is one of the best and pleasantest acquaintances 
 have made this many a day." 
 
 Every American who has been abroad, and mingled a 
 all in the polite circles of Europe, can testify that Si 
 Walter Scott here speaks that only which thousands wil 
 gladly endorse. We quote one instance which we fine 
 recorded in Mr. N. P. Willis's agreeable Pencillings by th 
 Way. He is describing an evening party at the Countes 
 of Blessington's : 
 
 " Nearest me sat Smith, the author of Rejected Addresses, 
 hale, handsome man, apparently fifty, with white hair, and a ver 
 nobly-formed head and physiognomy. . . . Among other things, h 
 talked a great deal of America, and asked me if I knew our dii 
 tinguished countryman, Washington Irving. I had never bee 
 so fortunate as to meet him. ' You have lost a great deal.' h 
 said, 'for never was so delightful a fellow. I was once take 
 down with him into the country by a merchant to dinner. Ou 
 friend stopped his carriage at the gate of his park, and asked us 
 if we would walk through his grounds to the house. Irving 
 refused, and held me down by the coat, so that we drove on to the 
 house together, leaving our host to follow on foot. " I make it a 
 principle," said Irving, " never to walk with a man through his 
 
 TO grounds. I have no idea of praising a thing whether I like 
 
 or not. You and I will do them to-morrow morning by our- 
 Ives." ' The rest of the" company had turned their attention to 
 mith as he began his story, and there was a universal inquiry 
 fter Mr. Irving. Indeed, the first questions on the lips of every 
 ae to whom I am introduced as an American are of him and 
 ooper." 
 
 Tom Moore's warm affection for the author of The 
 ketch-Book is no secret to those who have read the 
 ntertaining Diary of the former, recently published by 
 jord John Russell. We quote from one of the poet's 
 ntries a bon mot of Irving's, which has amused us not a 
 
 ttle : 
 
 " April 10, 1830. Forgot to mention in its place Irving's descrip- 
 on of the evening at Horace Twiss's, (the evening of the day he 
 wanted me to meet the Duke of Wellington.) But few people had 
 ome; and 'there was Twiss,' said Irving, 'with his two great 
 men, the Duke and the Chancellor, just like a spider that has got 
 wo big flies and does not know what to do with them.' " 
 
 But, the reader will query, how had Scott become 
 icquainted with the literary merits of the young Ameri- 
 an ? for such acquaintance he seems to have had. Lock- 
 lart shall again be our spokesman : 
 
 Scott had received The History of New York by Knicker- 
 >ocker, shortly after its appearance in 1812, from an accomplished 
 American traveller, Mr. Brevoort; and the admirable humour of 
 his early work had led him to anticipate the brilliant career 
 rhich its author has since run. Mr. Thomas Campbell, being no 
 tranger to Scott's high estimate of Irving's genius, gave him a 
 etter of introduction," &c. 
 
 It so happens though it is hardly an accident, either 
 ,hat we have before us a fac-simile of Scott's letter to Mr. 
 lenry Brevoort, acknowledging the receipt of Knicker- 
 >ocker's History of New York; and it is strictly to our 
 present purpose the citation of opinions upon Irving's 
 works to quote this epistle for the gratification of the 
 reader : 
 
 My Dear Sir: I beg you to accept my best thanks for the un 
 common degree of entertainment which I have received from the 
 most excellently-jocose history of New York. I am sensible that 
 as a stranger to American parties and politics I must lose much 
 f the concealed satire of the piece; but I must own that, looking 
 at the simple and obvious meaning only, I have never read any 
 ;hing so closely resembling the style of Dean Swift as the annals 
 of Diedrich Knickerbocker. I have been employed these few 
 evenings in reading them aloud to Mrs. S. and two ladies who are 
 our guests, and our sides have been absolutely sore with laugh 
 ing. I think, too, there are passages which indicate that the au 
 thor possesses power of a different kind, and [he] has some touches 
 which remind me much of Sterne. I beg you will have the kind 
 ness to let me know when Mr. Irvine takes pen in hand again, for 
 assuredly I shall expect a very great treat, which I may chance 
 never to hear of but through your kindness. Believe me, dear sir, 
 "Your obliged and humble servant, 
 
 "WALTER SCOTT. 
 
 " Abbotsford, 23d April, 1813." 
 
 We have already seen that it was to the friendly offices 
 of Scott that Irving was indebted for the happy circum 
 stance which made John Murray his publisher, and the 
 handsome tribute to both these gentlemen which appears 
 in the Preface to the revised edition of The Sketch-Book 
 (New York, 1848) must not be omitted in this place : 
 
 " From that time [the publication of The Sketch-Book in 1820] 
 Murray became my publisher, conducting himself in all his deal 
 ings with that fair, open, and liberal spirit which had obtained 
 for him the well-merited appellation of the Prince of Booksellers. 
 Thus, under the kind and cordial auspices of Sir Walter Scott, I 
 began my literary career in Europe ; and I feel that I am but dis 
 charging, in a trifling degree, my debt of gratitude to the memory 
 of that golden-hearted man in acknowledging my obligations to 
 him. But who of his literary contemporaries ever applied to him 
 for aid or counsel that did not experience the most prompt, gene 
 rous, and effectual assistance ?" 
 
 We continue the quotation of opinions : 
 
 "Equally or more admired [than Salmagundi] was Knicker 
 bocker's History of New York, a work to be compared with any 
 thing of the kind in our language; a book of unwearying plea 
 santry, which, instead of flashing out, as English and American 
 humour is wont, from time to time, with long and dull intervals, 
 is kept up with a true French vivacity from beginning to end ; a 
 book which, if it have a fault, has only that of being too pleasant, 
 too sustained a tissue of merriment and ridicule." EDWARD EVE 
 RETT : N. Amer. Rev., xv. 206, July, 1822. 
 
 " It has the same faults and same good qualities in its style, its 
 wit and humour, and its characters are evidently by the same 
 hand, as the leading ones in Salmagundi, though not copies from 
 them. They are perfectly fresh and original, and suited to their 
 situations. Too much of the first part of the first volume is labo 
 rious and up-hill ; and there are places, here and there, in the last 
 part, to which there is the same objection. Our feelings seldom 
 flag in the second." RICHARD H. DANA, SR. : N. Amer. Rev., ix. 
 345, Sept. 1819. 
 
 "This we consider as equal to the best, and in some respects 
 perhaps superior to any other, of our author's productions, [viz. : 
 Oldstyle, Salmagundi, Naval Biographies, The Sketch-Book, Brace- 
 bridge Hall, Tales of a Traveller, and Columbus.] It is the one 
 ! which exhibits most distinctly the stamp of real inventive power, 
 j the true test, as we have hinted, of genius. The plan, though 
 simple enough, and when hit upon sufficiently obvious, is entirely 
 i original." ALEX. H. EVERETT : N. Amer. Rev., xxviii. 117-118, 
 i Jan. 1829. 
 
IRV 
 
 IRV 
 
 ''The most elaborate piece of humor in our literature, Irv- 
 ing's facetious history of his native town." HENRY T. TUCKERMAN : 
 Sketch of Amer. Lit. 
 
 " Of the point of many of the allusions contained in this political 
 satire, partaking somewhat of the style of Swift's Tale of a Tub, and 
 in which more than one President of the United States figures, we 
 very much lament that we are not fully competent to judge. To 
 us it is a tantalizing book, of which all that we understand is so 
 good, and affords us so much pleasure, even through an imperfect 
 acquaintance with it, that we cannot but conclude that a thorough 
 knowledge of the whole point in every part would be a treat in 
 deed." Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxi. 475, March, 1825. 
 
 Another authority does not consider that Irving was 
 so invariably allegorical as the critic just quoted seems 
 to suppose : 
 
 " By nine readers out of ten, perhaps, Knickerbocker is read as 
 a piece of generous drollery, nothing more. Be it so. It will 
 wear the better. The design of Irving himself is not always 
 clear, nor was he always undeviating in his course. Truth or 
 fable, fact or falsehood, it was all the same to him, if a bit of 
 material came in his way. In a word, we look upon this volume 
 of Knickerbocker though it is tiresome, though there are some 
 wretched failures in it, a little overdoing of the humorous, and a 
 little confusion of purpose throughout as a work honourable to 
 English literature, manly, bold, and so altogether original, without 
 being extravagant, as to stand alone among the labours of men." 
 JoiiN NEAL : Blackw. Mag., xvii. 62, Jan. 1825. 
 
 "To speak the plain truth, Diedrich Knickerbocker is, after all, 
 our favourite. There is more richness of humour, and there ia 
 more strength of language too, in these earlier efforts." Blackw. 
 Mag., xiv. 564. Nov. 1823. 
 
 "The whole book is &jeu-d 'esprit, and perhaps its only fault is, 
 that no jeu-d'esprit ought to be quite so long as to fill two closely- 
 printed volumes." Ibid., vii. 361, July, 1820, (by J.G. Lockhart.) 
 
 The eloquent historian of The Conquest of Mexico, in 
 a dissertation upon the Eight of Title by Discovery, after 
 referring the reader to some of the great legal luminaries 
 of different countries, to Vattel, Kent, and Wheaton. 
 concludes with the following allusion to the erudite essay 
 of our ancient friend, the chronicler of the early fortunes 
 of Nieuw-Nederlandts : 
 
 " If it were not treating a grave discussion too lightly, I should 
 crave leave to refer the reader to the renowned Diedrich Knicker 
 bocker's History of New York, (book 1. chap. 5,) for a luminous 
 disquisition on this knotty question. At all events, be will find 
 there the popular arguments subjected to the test of ridicule, a 
 test showing, more than any reasoning can, how much, or rather 
 bow little, they are really worth." PrescotVs Hist, of the Conquest 
 of Mexico, 23d ed., Bost, 1855, ii. 33, n. 
 
 For further notices of Knickerbocker's History of New 
 York, see Lon. Month. Rev., xciv, 67 ; Lon. Athen., 1832, 
 458 ; Knickerbocker Mag., iii. 1 ; GKAHAME, JAMES, p. 
 717, in this Dictionary. 
 
 3. THE SKETCH-BOOK, 1819-20. 
 
 " I have glanced over The Sketch-Book. It is positively beauti 
 ful, and increases my desire to crimp you, if it be possible." Sir 
 Walter Scott to Washington Irving, offering him the editorship 
 (with a salary of 500 per annum) of a projected Edinburgh 
 weekly literary periodical. This offer was gratefully declined by 
 Irving. 
 
 " But, though it is primarily for its style and composition that 
 we are induced to notice this book, it would be quite unjust to 
 the author not to add, that he deserves very high commendation 
 for its more substantial qualities ; and that we have seldom seen 
 a work that gave us a more pleasing impression of the writer's 
 character, or a more favourable one of his judgment and taste. . . . 
 It seemed fair and courteous not to stint a stranger on his first 
 introduction to our pages; and what we have quoted, we are per 
 suaded, will justify all that we have said in his favour. . . . We 
 have found the book in the hands of most of those to whom we 
 have thought of mentioning it." LORD JEFFREY : Edin. Rev., 
 xxxiv. 161, 168, 176, Aug. 1820. 
 
 " Few recent publications have been so well received in (England 
 as The Sketch-Book. Several of the Waverley novels have passed 
 through fewer editions than this agreeable work, and the journals 
 of most consequence have paid the highest compliments to its 
 merit. We are nevertheless free to confess that we think The 
 Sketch-Book as a whole inferior to the author's earlier writings." 
 EDWARD EVERETT: N. Amer. Rev., xv. 208, July, 1822. 
 
 " We will be open with him, and tell him that we do not think 
 the change is for the better. He appears to have lost a little of 
 that natural run of style for which his lighter writings were so 
 remarkable. He has given up something of his direct, simple 
 manner, and plain phraseology, for a more studied, periphrastical 
 mode of expression. He seems to have exchanged words and 
 phrases which were strong, distinct, and definite, for a genteel 
 sort of language, cool, less definite, and general. It is as if his 
 mother-English had been sent abroad to be improved, and, in 
 attempting to become accomplished, had lost too many of her 
 home qualities. . . . The Sketch-Book is extremely popular, and it 
 is worthy of being so. Yet it is with surprise that we have heard 
 its style indiscriminately praised. . . . Had we thought less highly 
 of his powers, we should have said less about his errors. Did we 
 not take delight in reading him, we should have been less earnest 
 about his mistakes. ... He is a man of genius, and able to bear 
 his faults." RICHARD H. DANA, SR. : N. Amer. Rev., ix. 348, 350, 
 356, Sept. 1819. 
 
 " The characteristics of The Sketch-Book are essentially the 
 same with those of the preceding work ; but, with somewhat 
 more polish and elegance, it has somewhat less vivacity, fresh 
 ness, and power. This difference constitutes the distinction 
 between Mr. Irving's first and second manner, the latter of which 
 
 is preserved in all his subsequent publications, excepting the one 
 immediately before us, [Life of Columbus.] Of these two man 
 ners, the one or the other may perhaps be preferred by different 
 readers, according to their different tastes. We incline ourselves 
 to the former, conceiving that spirit and vigour are the highest 
 qualities of style, and that the loss of any merit of this descrip 
 tion is but poorly compensated by a little additional finish." 
 ALEX. H. EVERETT : N. Amer. Rev., xxviii. 119, Jan. 1829. 
 
 " His stories of Rip Van Winkle and Sleepy Hollow are perhaps 
 the finest pieces of original fictitious writing that this country 
 has produced, next to the works of Scott." Chambers's Oyc. Eng. 
 Lit., Edin., 1844, ii. 594. 
 
 Dr. Dibdin, a Nestor among critics, cannot find words 
 sufficiently strong in which to express bis admiration of 
 The Sketch-Book. Referring to Mr. Roscoe, he remarks : 
 
 "This is probably the last time that his name will adorn these 
 pages; and in taking leave of it how can I better express my 
 feelings than in the beautiful language of the author of The 
 Sketch-Book 1" Library Companion, ed. 1825, 542. 
 
 Again : 
 
 " I know of few passages indeed, I know of none which so 
 completely and so deliciously (if I may so speak) describe the 
 comforts of a well-stored library as the following, from the author 
 of The Sketch-Book : ' When all that is worldly turns to dross 
 around us, these only retain their steady value,' Ac." 
 
 The doctor quotes to the end of the next paragraph, 
 and then demands, 
 
 " Can sentiment (I ask) be purer, or language more harmonious, 
 than this?" Ubi supra, p. 544. See also p. 346. 
 
 " The Sketch-Book is a timid, beautiful work ; with some childish 
 pathos in it; some rich, pure, bold poetry: a little squeamish, 
 puling, lady-like sentimentality : some courageous writing, some 
 wit, and a world of humour, so happy, so natural, so altogether 
 unlike that of any other man, dead or alive, that we would rather 
 have been the writer of it, fifty times over, than of every thing 
 else that he has ever written. The touches of poetry are every 
 where ; but never where we would look for them. Irving has no 
 passion : he fails utterly in true pathos, cannot speak as if he 
 were carried away by any thing. He is always thoughtful ; and, 
 save when he tries to be fine or sentimental, always natural. 
 The 'dusty splendour' of Westminster Abbey, the 'ship staggering 1 
 over the precipices of the ocean, the shark ' darting, like a spectre, 
 through the blue waters,' all these things are poetry, such poetry 
 as never was, never will be, surpassed. We could mention fifty 
 more passages, epithets of power, which no mere prose writer 
 would have dared, iinder any circumstances, to use." -JOHN NEAL: 
 Blackw. Mag., xvii. 65. Jan. 1825. 
 
 " We trust some arrangement has been entered into, by virtue 
 of which the succeeding numbers of this exquisite miscellany 
 may be early given to the English public; who, we are sure, are, 
 at least, as much inclined to receive them well as the American. 
 Mr. Washington Irving is one of our first favourites among the 
 English writers of this age, and he is not a bit the less so for having 
 been born in America." Blackw. Mag., vii. 361, July, 1820, (by J. 
 G. Lockhart.) 
 
 We have already quoted Lockhart's opinion of The 
 Sketch-Book on a preceding page, q. v. See also Christo 
 pher North's Noctes Ambrosianae, July, 1822, and May, 
 1823. 
 
 " Of the merit of his Knickerbocker and New York Stories we 
 cannot pretend to judge. But in his Sketch-Book and Bracebridge 
 Hall he gives us very good American copies of our British Essay 
 ists and Novelists, which may be very well on the other side of the 
 water, or as proofs of the capabilities of the national genius, bxtt 
 which might be dispensed with here, where we have to boast of the 
 originals. Not only Mr. Irving's language is with great taste and 
 felicity modelled on that of Addison, Goldsmith, Sterne, or Mac 
 kenzie, but the thoughts and sentiments are taken at the rebound, 
 and, as they are brought forward at the present period, want both 
 freshness and probability. Mr. Irving's writings are literary ana 
 chronisms. He comes to England for the first [the second] time; 
 and, being on the spot, fancies himself in the midst of those cha 
 racters and manners which he had read of in The Spectator and 
 other approved authors, and which were the only idea he had 
 hitherto formed of the parent-country. Instead of looking round 
 to see what we are, he sets to work to describe us as we were, at 
 second-hand." HazlitVs Spirit of the Age. 
 
 As this charge of literary anachronism has often been 
 urged against some of the graphic scenes depicted in The 
 Sketch-Book and Bracebridge Hall, it is only just to allow 
 the author to be heard in his own defence : 
 
 " At the time of the first publication of this paper, [The Christmas 
 Dinner, in The Sketch-Book,] the picture of an old-fashioned 
 Christmas in the country was pronounced by some as out of date. 
 The author had afterwards an opportunity of witnessing almost 
 all the customs above described, existing in unexpected vigour 
 in the skirts of Derbyshire and Yorkshire, where he passed the 
 Christmas holidays. The reader will find some account of them 
 in the author's account of his sojourn in Newstead Abbey." Note 
 to revised edit, of The Sketch-Book, New York, 1848, p. 298. 
 
 We lack space to quote Mr. Irving's description of the 
 primitive customs which he found in full and honoured ob 
 servance in different parts of England, customs which, 
 as he remarks, 
 
 " Have only been pronounced obsolete by those who draw their 
 experience merely from city life. ... It has been deemed that some 
 of the anecdotes of holiday customs given in my preceding writ 
 ings related to usages which have entirely passed away. Critics 
 who reside in cities have little idea of the primitive manners and 
 observances which still prevail in remote and rural neighbour 
 hoods." Crayon Miscellany: Newstead Abbey, N. York, 1848, 298, 
 299. 
 
IRV 
 
 IRV 
 
 Mr. Irving's comments are fully endorsed by an eminent 
 English authority : 
 
 " The accuracy of his pictures of old English customs and sports, 
 which he represents as flourishing under the influence of the 
 benevolent squire, has been questioned, we know, by suburban 
 readers : in our opinion, and according to our experience, there is 
 nothing too highly coloured in them. [The writer then proceeds 
 to prove his position.] We think, therefore, that, far from exceed 
 ing the limits of probability in this respect, Mr. Irving has hardly 
 made the full use of northern customs which was really open to 
 him. Nor can we see any thing overdrawn in the characters them 
 selves." ion. Quar. Rev., xxxi. 476, 477, March, 1825. 
 
 The Dublin University Mag. remarks, in the same strain : 
 " Bracebridge Hall is the only account we have which gives any 
 thing like a true picture of the life of an English country gentle 
 man of our own day." May. 1835, 554. 
 
 Other reviews of The Sketch-Book appeared in the Lon. 
 Quar. Rev., xxv. 50; Lon. Month. Rev., xciii. 198; Edin. 
 Month. Rev., iv. 303. In our life of Lord Byron, p. 322 
 of this Dictionary, will be found an interesting account of 
 the enthusiastic admiration expressed by his lordship of 
 The Sketch-Book and its author. 
 
 Before we leave our subject, we must not forget to copy 
 an entry in Moore's Diary, in which the success of The 
 Sketch-Book at its first appearance is referred to : 
 
 " Dined with McKay at the table-d'hote, at Meurice's, for the 
 purpose of being made known to Mr. Washington Irving, the 
 author of the work which has lately had success, The Sketch- 
 Book; a good-looking and intelligent-mannered man." Paris, 
 Dec. 21, 1820. 
 
 4. BRACEBRIDGE HALL; OR, THE HUMOURISTS, 1822: 
 " The great charm and peculiarity of his work consists now, as 
 on former occasions, in the singular sweetness of the composition, 
 and the mildness of the sentiments, sicklied over perhaps a little, 
 now and then, with that cloying heaviness into which unvaried 
 sweetness is so apt to subside. The rhythm and melody of the 
 sentences is certainly excessive : as it not only gives an air of 
 mannerism, but raises too strong an impression of the labour that 
 must have been bestowed, and the importance which must have 
 been attached to that which is, after all. but a secondary attribute 
 to good writing. It is very ill-natured in us, however, to object 
 to what has given us so much pleasure; for we happen to be very 
 intense and sensitive admirers of those soft harmonies of studied 
 speech in which this author is apt to indulge himself; and have 
 caught ourselves, oftener than we shall confess, neglecting his 
 excellent matter, to lap ourselves in the liquid music of his pe 
 riods, and letting ourselves float passively down the mellow falls 
 and windings of his soft-flowing sentences, with a delight not in 
 ferior to that which we derive from fine versification." LORD 
 JEFFREY; Edin. Rev., xxxvii. 338-339, Nov. 1822. 
 
 " We have no hesitation in pronouncing Bracebridge Hall quite 
 equal to any thing which the present age of English literature 
 has produced in this department. In saying this, we class it in 
 the branch of essay-writing. . . . Besides the episodical tales, he 
 has given us admirable sketches of life and manners, highly cu 
 rious in themselves, and rendered almost important by the good- 
 natured mock gravity, the ironical reverence, and lively wit, with 
 which they are described. We can scarce express the delight with 
 which we turn to the definite images such a work excites, from 
 the vagueness and generality of ordinary story-writing, where per 
 sonages without prototypes in any society on earth speak a lan 
 guage learned out of books, without a trait of nature, life, or truth." 
 -EDWARD EVERETT : N. Amer. Rev., xv. 209, 223-224, July, 1822. 
 
 " Bracebridge Hall certainly does not possess the spirit of The 
 Sketch-Book." Blackw. Mag., xi. 688, June. 1822. 
 
 " STOUT GENTLEMAN very good, and a pretty fair account of a 
 real occurrence, [see Note at bottom of the page ;] STUDENT OF SALA 
 MANCA beneath contempt: Irving has no idea of genuine romance, 
 or love, or any thing else, we believe, that ever seriously troubles 
 the blood of men : ROOKERY struck off in a few hours ; contrary 
 to what has been said, Irving does not labour as people suppose 
 he is too indolent given too much, we know, to revery : DOLPH 
 HEYLIGER; THE HAUNTED HOUSE; STORM SHIP all in the fashion 
 of his early time : perhaps we are greatly inclined to believe- 
 perhaps the remains of what was meant for Salmagundi or Knick 
 erbocker : the rest of the two volumes quite unworthy of Irving'a 
 reputation." JOHN NEAL : Blackw. Mag., xvii. 66, January, 
 1825. 
 
 " In spite, however, of the pleasure which Bracebridge Hall has 
 afforded us, we can see nothing in it which might not have been 
 compressed into the space of one volume. The make-weights (for 
 we can give them no other name) which are thrown in to round 
 off the work more properly belong to Mr. Irving's recent publica 
 tion, the Tales of a Traveller; in fact they are. for the most part, 
 told by the same imaginary narrators, and we shall, therefore, 
 consider them under the same head." ion. Quar. Rev., xxxi. 481- 
 482, March, 1825. 
 
 See also Moore's Diary, March 19, 1821. 
 5. TALES OP A TRAVELLER, 1824. 
 
 " I have been miserably disappointed in the Tales of a 
 Traveller." In this strain commences Timothy Tickler's 
 review of the Tales, and he proceeds to abuse them terri 
 bly : the more so, he intimates, from the fact that 
 
 " Few people have admired Mr. Irving more than myself, few 
 have praised him more, and certainly few wish him and hie career 
 better than I do at this moment." Blackw Maa xvi 294 297 
 Sept. 1824. 
 
 In the same periodical (xvii. 66-67, American Writers, 
 No. 4, by John Neal) the Tales are quite as severely 
 handled, but the critic dismisses the author with many 
 civil words and a hearty benediction : 
 940 
 
 "You Geoffrey Crayon have great power, original power. 
 We rejoice in your failure now, because we believe that it will 
 drive you into a style of original composition, far more worthy of 
 yourself. Go to work. Lose no time. Your foundations will be 
 the stronger for this uproar. You cannot write a novel, a poem, 
 a true tale, or a tragedy. You can write another SKETCH-BOOK 
 worth all that you have ever written, if you will draw out from 
 yourself. You have some qualities that no other living writer 
 has, a bold, quiet humour, a rich, beautiful mode of painting 
 without caricature, a delightful, free, happy spirit : make use of 
 them. We look to see you all the better for this trouncing. God 
 bless you! Farewell." 
 
 The reviewer in the London Quarterly (vol. xxxi. 481- 
 487, March, 1825) finds hardly any thing to commend in 
 the Tales of a Traveller, save the autobiography of Buck- 
 thorne : 
 
 " It is with great pleasure that we turn from productions which 
 Mr. Irving honestly confesses to be the sweepings of his Scrap- 
 book, to the tale of Buckthorne, whose adventures, together with 
 those of his friends, occupy the second division of the tales. In 
 this instance, finding the contents of the said Scrap-book run 
 short, he has been driven to tax his own invention in good ear 
 nest, and the result is excellent. From the evidence of this tale, 
 which abounds in point and incident, it seems probable to us that 
 he might as a novelist prove no contemptible rival to Goldsmith, 
 whose turn of mind he very much inherits, and of whose style he 
 particularly reminds us in the life of Dribble. Like him. too, Mr. 
 Irving possesses the art of setting ludicrous perplexities in the 
 most irresistible point of view, and we think equals him in the 
 variety, if not in the force, of his humour. . . . After the evidence 
 of Mr. Irving's powers afforded by the last-quoted passage, he 
 must in future be true to his own reputation throughout, and 
 correct the habits of indolence which so considerable a part of the 
 Tales of a Traveller evince. The indulgence which he so fairly 
 deserved at his outset, as an ingenious stranger intuitively pro 
 ficient in the style and ideas of the mother-country, must now 
 cease, and he must be considered in future as not only admitted 
 to the full freedom and privileges of the English guild of author 
 ship, but amenable also at the same time, as an experienced crafts 
 man, to its most vigorous statutes. We may congratulate him 
 on the rank which he has already gained, of which the momentary 
 caprice of the public cannot long deprive him; and with hearty 
 good will, playfully, but we hope not profanely, we exclaim, as we 
 part with him. 'Very pleasant hast thou been to me, my brother 
 Jonathan.'" ion. Quar. Rev., xxxi. 483-484. 486-487. 
 
 But perhaps the most severe of all the reviews of the 
 Tales of a Traveller appeared in the Westminster Review, 
 (ii. 334,) then in the first blossom of its youth. Geoffrey 
 Crayon's courteous notices of the English nobility, and 
 his equally creditable disgust at the sanguinary horrors of 
 the French Revolution, excited the ire of the democratic 
 critic to an uncontrollable pitch. Even the author's ad 
 miring friend, Tom Moore, seems to have had but little 
 hope for the success of the Tales : 
 
 "Irving and I set out for the cottage between ten and eleven. 
 Took Irving after dinner to show him to the Starkeys, but he was 
 sleepy, and did not open his mouth : the same at Elwyn's dinner. 
 Not strong as a lion, but delightful as a domestic animal. Walked 
 him over this morning to call on Lord Lansdowne, (come down in 
 consequence of Lord King's illness,) who walked part of the way 
 back with us. Read me some parts of his new work, Tales of a 
 Traveller. Rather tremble for its fate. Murray has given him 
 1500Z. for it; might have had, I think, 2000Z." June 17, 1824. 
 
 6. THE LIFE AND VOYAGES OF CHRISTOPHER COLUM 
 BUS, 1828 : 
 
 " Venient annis 
 Sagcula seris, quibus, Oceanus 
 Vincula rerum laxet, et ingens 
 Pateat tell us, Typhisque novos 
 Detegat Orbes, nee sit terris 
 Ultimo Thule." SENECA : Medea. 
 
 "The author, having resided for some years past in Madrid, and 
 enjoyed access to the archives of the Spanish Government, as well 
 as to many private Libraries, has been enabled to weave into this 
 Work many curious facts, hitherto unknown, concerning the His 
 tory of Columbus." 
 
 The existence of a new world beyond the Atlantic was 
 firmly believed by many of the ancients, as is abundantly 
 proved by numerous passages in the classics : 
 
 "None of the intimations [remarks Mr. Prescott] are so precise 
 as that contained in the well-known lines of Seneca's Medea: 
 
 ' Venient annis saecula,' &c. 
 
 Although, when regarded as a mere poetical vagary, it has not 
 the weight which belongs to more serious suggestions of similar 
 import, in the writings of Aristotle and Strabo. The various allu 
 sions in the ancient classic writers to an undiscovered world form 
 the subject ol an elaborate essay in the Memorias da Acad. Real das 
 Scienas de Lisboa, (torn. v. pp. 101-112,) and are embodied, hi 
 much greater detail, in the first section of Humboldt's Histoire 
 de la Geographic du Nouveau Continent: a work in which the 
 author, with his usual acuteness, has successfully applied the vast 
 stores of his erudition and experience to the illustration of many 
 interesting points connected with the discovery of the New World 
 and the personal history of Columbus." Hist, of the Reign of 
 Ferd. and Isabella, llth ed., Bost., 1856, ii. 116-117, n. 
 Mr. Prescott remarks in the text: 
 
 " A proof of this popular belief occurs in a curious passage of 
 the Morgante Maggiore of the Florentine poet Pulci, a man of 
 letters, but not distinguished for scientific attainments beyond 
 his day. The passage is remarkable, independently of the cosmo- 
 graphical knowledge it implies, for its allusion to phenomena in 
 I physical science not established till more than a century later. 
 
IRV 
 
 IRV 
 
 The devil, alluding to the vulgar supposition respecting the Pillars 
 of Hercules, thus addresses his companion Binaldo: 
 " ' Know that this theory is false : his bark 
 The daring mariner shall urge far o'er 
 The western wave, a smooth and level plain, 
 Albeit the earth is fashioned like a wheel. 
 Man was in ancient days of grosser mould, 
 And Hercules might blush to learn how far 
 Beyond the limits he had vainly set 
 The dullest sea-boat soon shall wing her way. 
 Men shall descry another hemisphere, 
 Since to one common centre all things tend; 
 So earth, by curious mystery divine, 
 Well balanced, hangs amid the starry spheres. 
 At our Antipodes are cities, states, 
 And thronged empires, ne'er divined of yore. 
 But see, the Sun speeds on his western path 
 To glad the nations with expected light.' 
 
 PULCI : Morgante Maggiore, canto 25, st. 229, 230." 
 "I have used blank verse [proceeds Mr. Prescott, in a note] as 
 affording facility for a more literal version than the corresponding 
 ottava rima of the original. This passage of Pulci, which has not 
 fallen under the notice of Humboldt, or any other writer on the 
 same subject whom I have consulted, affords probably the most 
 circumstantial prediction that is to be found of the existence of a 
 western world. Dante, two centuries before, had intimated more 
 vaguely his belief in an undiscovered quarter of the globe : 
 'De' vostri sensi ch' e del rimanente, 
 Non vogliate negar 1'esperienza, 
 Diretro al sol, del mondo senza gente.' 
 Inferno, cant. 26, v. 115." Ubi supra, 117-118, 118, n. 
 We happen to have lying on our table a notice of a 
 work which should not be neglected by the collector of 
 American History, (a large class among our friends in 
 Boston and New York,) and which we observe has not 
 escaped the researches of Mr. Irving (Hist, of Columbus) 
 or of Mr. Prescott, (Hist, of Ferdinand and Isabella.) It 
 is entitled Raccolta del Documento Originale e inediti 
 spettante a Cristoforo Colombo alia Scoperta ed al Go- 
 verno dell' America, Genoa, 1823, 4to. An invaluable 
 collection of authentic remains, letters, memorials, &c. of 
 the great navigator, with a learned introduction by Prof. 
 Spotorno. 
 
 An English trans, of this work was issued in the same 
 year (1 vol. 8vo, pp. 159 and 255) in London. A notice 
 of this collection will be found in Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, 
 ii. 152, 155 ; N. Amer. Rev., xviii. 415-417, April, 1824, (by 
 Jared Sparks j) Ibid., xxi. 398-429, Oct. 1825. The Colec- 
 cion de los Viages y Descubrimien tos de Don Martin Fernan 
 dez de Navarrete, Madrid, 1825, 2 vols. 4to, (3d vol., 1829, 
 4to,) to which we have already referred, will of course be 
 found in the American department of the collector's Library. 
 Those who are still ignorant of the value of this treasury, 
 and the eminent services of its erudite compiler to the im 
 portant cause of historical research, must consult Prescott's 
 Mexico, 23d ed., 1855, Pref., vi.-vii.; his Ferd. and Isa 
 bella, llth ed., 1856, Pref., v., and vol. ii., 133-134, 507, n. ; 
 his Peru, ed. 1855, Pref., vi.-vii., vol. ii., 76 ; Irving's Co 
 lumbus and his Companions, ed. 1848, i., Pref., 13-18, iii., 
 Introduc., xv. See also a review of Navarrete's Colec- 
 cion, written by Caleb Cushing, of Massachusetts, a ripe 
 scholar, in the N. Amer. Rev., xxiv. 265-294, April, 1827. 
 "His great work, Coleccion de los Viages y Descubriinientos," 
 remarks Mr. Prescott, " although far from being completed after 
 the original plan of its author, is of inestimable service to the 
 historian." Pent, Pref., vii. 
 
 Perhaps we have already lingered sufficiently long on 
 the threshold of our. subject, the citation of opinions 
 respecting Irving's History of Columbus ; but we must 
 not pass on without commending to our reader a notice in 
 the N. Amer. Rev., xliii. 43-52, July, 1836, (by J. L. Kings- 
 ley,) of the Italian Jesuit Ubertino Carrara's Latin epic on 
 the Discovery of America, entitled Columbus, first pub. 
 1715, at Rome. The poet thus announces his subject : 
 " Primus ab Europft, Solis qui viserit urnam, 
 Perque prophanatum velis mare, maxima regna 
 Regibus Hispanis. orbemque adjecerit orbi, 
 Sit mihi materies'operis." Lib. i. 1. 
 We recently cut the following notice from some paper 
 of the day : 
 
 " Chart of Columbus. An old picture-dealer has lately sold to 
 the Spanish Government, for 4000 fr., the chart which the pilot of 
 Columbus, Juan de la Cossa, used in his voyage to the New World. 
 It was formerly in one of the public libraries of Spain ; and, when 
 the galleries and churches of that country were ravaged by Mar 
 shal Soult, it fell into his hands, with The Conception, by Murillo, 
 and various other spoils." 
 
 In the adduction of opinions respecting the manner in 
 which Mr. Irving has acquitted himself in the responsible 
 office of the biographer of the Great Admiral, with whom 
 can we so properly begin as with that eminent scholar to 
 whose researches Mr. Irving and the world at large are 
 so much indebted for all that we know of the illustrious 
 Genoese ? And here we are greatly pleased in being able 
 to quote in evidence the most unqualified commendation 
 
 of Mr. Irving's labours, which eulogy we are the more 
 rejoiced to find from the certainty that if the opinion 
 made as much against, as it fortunately does for, the his 
 torian's reputation, it would not be withheld from our 
 readers. Our duty is neither to bury Caesars nor to praise 
 them, but rather to faithfully chronicle the recorded de 
 cisions of the great judges of literary jurisprudence. M. 
 Navarrete may well be supposed to have entertained a 
 natural anxiety that the copious collections for the illus 
 tration of the Life of Columbus which he had brought 
 together, at the price of so many days and nights of per 
 severing industry and careful research, should be faithfully 
 made known to those who could only enjoy them in an 
 English dress. Indeed, as we have seen in a preceding 
 page, nothing more was originally contemplated by Mr. 
 Everett than a translation by Irving of Navarrete's Collec- 
 cion. But, fortunately for the cause of letters, Mr. Irving 
 determined upon a more comprehensive undertaking : 
 
 " On considering the matter more maturely, [he remarks,] I per 
 ceived that, although there were many books, in various languages, 
 relative to Columbus, they all contained limited and incomplete 
 accounts of his life and voyages; while numerous valuable tracts 
 on the subject existed only in manuscript or in the form of letters, 
 journals, and public muniments. It appeared to me that a his 
 tory faithfully digested from these various materials was a deside 
 ratum in literature, and would be a more satisfactory occupation 
 to myself, and a more acceptable work to my country, than the 
 translation I had contemplated." Madrid, 1827 : Pref. to 1st edit. 
 Life of Columbia. 
 
 The work was completed, and this decisive seal to its 
 excellence was impressed by the learned Navarrete him 
 self: 
 
 ' Yo me complazco en que los documentos y noticias que public6 
 en mi coleccion sobre los primeros acontecimientos de la historia 
 de America hayan recaido en manos tan babiles para apreciar su 
 autenticidad, para examinarlas con critica, y propagarlas por todos 
 partes, echando los fundamentos de la verdad que hasta ahora hi 
 sido tan adulterada por los escritores parciales 6 sistematicos." 
 From a letter dated Madrid, April 1, 1831. 
 
 The same distinguished authority, in the Introduction 
 to the 3d vol. of his Collection of Spanish Voyages, after 
 adducing a number of testimonials to the usefulness of the 
 two first vols., (1825, 4to,) remarks : 
 
 "Insigne prueba de esto mismo acaba de darnos el SeBor Wash 
 ington Irving en la Historia de la Vida y de los Viages de Crist&bal 
 Colon que ha publicado con una aceptacion tan general como bien 
 merecida. Digimos en nuestra introduccion (1, g56, pag. Ixxxii.) 
 que no nos proponiamos escribir la historia de aquel alum-ante, 
 sino publicar noticias y materiales para que se escribiese con vera- 
 cidad, y es una fortuna que el primero que se haya aprovechado 
 de ellas sea un literato juicioso y erudito, conocido ya en su patria y 
 en Europa por otras obras apreciables. Colocado en Madrid, exeuto de 
 las rivalidades que ban dominadoentrealgunas naciones Europeas 
 sobre Colon y sus descubrimientos ; con la proporcion de examinar 
 excelentes libros y preciosos manuscritos, de tratar a personas in- 
 struidas en estas materias, y teniendo siempre a la mano los auten- 
 ticos documentos que acabamos de publicar, ha logrado dar a su 
 historia aquella extension, imparcialidad, y exactitnd que la hacen 
 muy superior a las de los escritores que le precedieron. Agregase 
 a esto, su metodico, arreglo, y convenient* distribucion ; su estilo 
 animado, puro, y elegante ; la noticia de varias personages que in- 
 tervenieron de los sucesos de Colon, y el examen de varias cues- 
 tiones en que luce siempre la mas sana critica, la erudicion y buen 
 gusto." Prologo al tomo iii,, Madrid, 1829, 4to. 
 
 It is proper that we should next quote the verdict of 
 Mr. Alexander H. Everett, so intimately connected with 
 the inception of this great enterprise, one of the ripest 
 scholars that America has yet produced, and a critic of 
 too much candour to permit his own interest in the work 
 or his friendship for the author to either influence his 
 judgment or qualify its expression : 
 
 " This is one of those works which are at the same time the 
 delight of readers and the despair of critics. It is as nearly per 
 fect as any work well can be; and there is therefore little or 
 nothing left for the reviewer but to write at the bottom of every 
 page, as Voltaire said he should be obliged to do if he published 
 a commentary on Racine, Pulchre! bene! optime! ... He has at 
 length filled up the void that before existed, in this respect, in the 
 literature of the world, and produced a work which will fully 
 satisfy the public and supersede the necessity of any future 
 labours in the same field. While we venture to predict that the 
 adventures of Columbus will hereafter be read only in the work 
 of Mr. Irving, we cannot but think it a beautiful coincidence 
 that the task of duly celebrating the achievements of the disco 
 verer of our continent should have been reserved for one of its 
 inhabitants; and that the earliest professed author of first-rate 
 talent who appeared among us should have devoted one of his 
 most important and finished works to this pious purpose. 
 ' Such honors Ilion to her hero paid, 
 And peaceful slept the mighty Hector's shade.' 
 For the particular kind of historical writing in which Mr. Irving 
 is fitted to labor and excel, the Life of Columbus is undoubtedly 
 oue of the very best perhaps we might say, without the fear of 
 mistake, the very best subject afforded by the annals of the world. 
 ... In treating this happy and splendid subject, Mr. Irving has 
 brought out the full force of his genius, as far as a just regard for 
 the principles of historical writing would admit." N. Amer. JRev., 
 xxviii. 103, 128, 129, Jan. 1829. 
 
 The verdict of the brilliant historian of the Reign of 
 
 941 
 
IRV 
 
 IRV 
 
 Ferdinand and Isabella who has so greatly distinguished 
 himself by his researches in the same field of historical 
 investigation as that in which Mr. Irving gleaned so 
 abundant a harvest must have been awaited by the latter ( 
 with no little anxiety. In a notice of the publication of 
 the Coleccion of Senor Navarrete, to which we have fre- : 
 quently referred, Mr. Prescott remarks : 
 
 " Fortunately, Mr. Irving's visit to Spain at this period enabled 
 the world to derive the full benefit, of SeSor Navarrete's researches, 
 by presenting their results in connexion with whatever had been 
 before known of Columbus, in the lucid and attractive form which 
 engages the interest of every reader. It would seem highly proper 
 that the fortunes of the discoverer of America should engage the 
 pen of an inhabitant of her most favoured and enlightened region ; 
 and it is unnecessary to add, that the task has been executed in 
 a manner which must secure to the historian a share in the im 
 perishable renown of his subject." Ferd. and Isabella, llth ed. 
 1856, ii. 133. 
 
 " It is not necessary to pursue the track of the illustrious voya 
 ger whose career, forming the most brilliant episode to the history 
 of the present reign, has been so recently traced by a hand which 
 few will care to follow." Ibid., ii. 465-466. See also 482-483, n. 
 
 "The noblest monument to the memory of Columbus." Ibid., 
 ii. 509. 
 
 " I will only remark, in conclusion of this too prolix discussion 
 about myself, that, while making my tortoise-like progress, I saw 
 what 1 had fondly looked upon as my own ground (having indeed 
 lain unmolested by any other invader for so many ages) suddenly 
 entered, and in part occupied, by one of my countrymen. I allude 
 to Mr. Irving's History of Columbus and Chronicle of Granada; 
 the subjects of which, although covering but a small part of miy 
 whole plan, form certainly two of its most brilliant portions. Now, 
 alas ! if not devoid of interest, they are at least stripped of the 
 charm of novelty. For what eye has not been attracted to the 
 spot on which the light of that writer's genius has fallen?" Ibid., 
 i., Pref., xi.-xii. 
 
 In his Preface to the History of the Conquest of Mexico, 
 Mr. Prescott, referring to the passage just quoted, notices 
 it as a "singular chance," that, after collecting the mate 
 rials for his last-named work, he found himself " uncon 
 sciously taking up ground which Mr. Irving was preparing 
 to occupy." But we have already noticed this fact in our 
 Life of CHARLES JAMES Fox, p. 624 of this Dictionary, to 
 which the reader is referred. We had intended to quote 
 other comments of Mr. Prescott's upon Irving's History 
 of Columbus, but, as our article already lengthens beyond 
 our intended limits, we must be content to refer the reader 
 to the Preface to Mexico, ix., x. ; Ibid., iii. 252, n. ; Pres 
 cott's review of Irving's Chronicle of the Conquest of 
 Granada, in N. Amer. Rev., xxix. 293-314, Oct. 1829. See 
 also W. H. Gardiner's review of Prescott's Ferd. and Isa 
 bella, in N. Amer. Rev., xlvi. 203-291, Jan. 1838, Pres 
 cott and Irving Compared, <fec. 
 
 We proceed with our quotations ; but they must be brief: 
 "This is on the whole an excellent book; and we venture to 
 anticipate that it will be an enduring one. Neither do we hazard 
 this prediction lightly, or without a full consciousness of all it im 
 plies. . . . For we mean, not merely that the book will be familiarly 
 known and referred to some twenty or thirty years hence, and will 
 pass in solid binding into every considerable collection ; but that 
 it will supersede all former works on the same subject, and never 
 be itself superseded." LORD JEFFREY: Edin. Rev., xlviii. 1-32, 
 Sept. 1828. 
 
 " When he writes the history of Columbus, you see him weigh 
 ing doubtful facts in the scales of a golden criticism. You behold 
 him laden with the manuscript treasures of well-searched archives, 
 and disposing the heterogeneous materials into a well-digested and 
 instructive narration." EDWARD EVERETT : N. Amer. Rev., xli. 5. 
 July, 1835. 
 
 "This work is written with the attractions of style and taste 
 and glowing description, which belong to the inspiration of the 
 theme, and to the genius of the distinguished author." CHAN 
 CELLOR KENT. 
 
 "A life of Columbus authentic, clear, and animated in narra 
 tion, graphic in its descriptive episodes, and sustained and finished 
 in style. It is a permanent contribution to English as well as 
 American literature ; one which was greatly needed and most ap 
 propriately supplied." HENRY T. TUCKERMAN : Sketch of Amer. Lit 
 " Since I have been here, I have contrived (by reading a half 
 hour in the night and a half-hour in the morning) to peruse the 
 whole of Irving's Life of Columbus, in three volumes. It is quite 
 an interesting work, though I think too much spread out by repe 
 tition of the same thoughts and descriptions. It is in all respects 
 however, reputable to the literature of our country." J UDGE 
 STORY : Letter to Wm. W. Story, Washington, Feb. 21, 1836. 
 
 JudgQ Story's comment reminds us of a similar one 
 recorded by Tom Moore, and Cooper's ready retort : 
 
 " When Rogers, in talking of Washington Irving's Columbus 
 said, in his dry, significant way, ' It's rather long,' Cooper turned 
 round on him, and said, sharply, 'That's a short criticism'" 
 JUoore's Diary, May 27, 1828. 
 
 " Davison mentioned the enormous price given by Murray fo 
 Irving's two last works ; 3000 guineas for Columbus, and 2000Z. fo 
 the Chronicles of Granada ; the latter never likely, he said, to sel 
 at all." Ibid., July 16, 1829. 
 
 " It is true that for Murray (according to his own account) thej 
 
 have not been so fortunate ; his loss on the two publications beim 
 
 (as he says) near 3000Z., which may not be far from the truth, a 
 
 the Chronicles have not sold at all." Ibid., Nov. 12, 1829. 
 
 "By the accession of his volumes, we have now the biographj 
 
 of Columbus; as by Robertson's [History of America] i 
 had, and still have, the history. Mr. Irving' s has been to me a very 
 interesting production, sometimes marked with passages of great 
 force and beauty ; and it contains every thing respecting Columbus 
 that can be wanted. He has had valuable sources of information, 
 which he describes, and which were not within the reach of Ro 
 bertson. Still, his volumes only show, as usual, the merits of 
 Robertson. Upon looking over the historian's account once more, 
 I see no mistakes, and no material omissions : in a concise and 
 calm manner every particxilar of importance is intimated to the 
 reader; and Mr. Irving has only told in the detail (but in a very 
 interesting and agreeable manner, and I recommend bis volumes 
 to you) what our excellent historian had told before." Prof. 
 Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist. 
 
 There is another comparison between Robertson and 
 
 Irving which it occurs to us to quote. It is one drawn 
 
 ~y Lord Brougham in his Life of Dr. Robertson, and 
 
 licited by the account of the latter, in his History of 
 
 America, of the first discovery of land by Columbus : 
 
 " If the word dramatic," remarks his lordship, " has been applied 
 o this narrative, it has been advisedly chosen ; because no one 
 an doubt that with the most scrupulous regard to the truth, and 
 ven to the minute accuracy of his history, this composition has 
 11 the beauties of a striking poem. To judge of its merits in this 
 respect, I will not compare or rather contrast it with the Histories 
 f Oviedo or Herrera, or Ferdinand Columbus, or even with the 
 ar better composition of Dr. Campbell, or whoever wrote the his- 
 x>ry of the discovery in Harris's Bibliotheca Itinerarium, nor yet 
 ith the ambitious but worse-written narrative of Mr. Washing- 
 x>n Irving in his Life and Voyages of Columbus," &c. 
 
 The noble critic then proceeds (in a note) to quote ex 
 amples from both writers : 
 
 " It is no part of my intention to underrate the merits of this 
 rery popular author : but I speak of the manner in which he has 
 ;reated the subject; and, coming after so great a master, it was 
 not judicious in him to try for effect, instead of studying the 
 chaste simplicity of his predecessor. These are a few of his ex 
 pressions: The ships 'were ploughing the waves;' Columbus was 
 wrapped in the shades of night;' he 'maintained an intense 
 ratch ;' he ' ranged his eye along the dusky horizon ;' he beheld 
 suddenly a glimmering light.' Robertson had never thought of 
 saying ' suddenly,' as knowing that light must of necessity be 
 sudden. Then the light has 'passing gleams;' his feelings 'must 
 have been tumultuous and intense;' contrary to the fact, and to 
 the character of the man ; ' the great mystery of the ocean was 
 revealed ;' ' what a bewildering crowd of conjectures thronged on 
 Ms mind!' All this speculation of the writer to insure the effect, 
 Dr. Robertson rejects as fatal to effect, and gives only what actually 
 happened. Finally, he was possibly to find ' the morning dawn 
 upon spicy groves, and glittering fanes, and gilded cities.' Surely 
 no one can hesitate which of the two pictures to prefer. If the 
 one is not absolutely tawdry, the other is assuredly more chaste. 
 To compare the two pieces of workmanship is a good lesson, and 
 may tend to cure a vitiated taste, (Book iii. Chap. 3.) To take only 
 one instance: 'About two hours before midnight, Columbus, 
 standing on the forecastle, observed a light at a distance, and 
 privately pointed it out to Pedro,' &c. Thus Robertson. Irving 
 says, 'Wrapped from observation in the shades of night, he main 
 tained an intense and Unremitting watch, ranging his eye along 
 the dusky horizon. Suddenly, about ten o'clock, he thought he 
 beheld a light glimmering at a distance.' Can any one doubt 
 which of the two passages is the most striking, the chaste and 
 severe, or the ornamented and gaudy and meretricious? The 
 account of Robertson makes the ships lie-to all night. Irving 
 either makes them lie-to, and afterwards go on sailing rapidly ; 
 or the lying-to was the night before, and they sailed quicker the 
 nearer they came to land and in the dusk. The one makes them 
 only see the shore after dawn ; the other makes them see it two 
 leagues off, in a dark night, at two in the morning, within the 
 tropics." Lives of Men of Letters of the Time of George HI., Lon. 
 and Glasg., 1855, 265, 265-266, n. See a criticism on this critique 
 in the Boston Christian Review, xv. 203. 
 
 See also Lon. Month. Rev., cxv. 419, cxxiv. 244; Lon. 
 Lit. Gaz., 1828, 65-67; Amer. Quar. Rev., iii. 173, ix. 163 j 
 South. Rev., ii. 1, vii. 214; South. Lit. Mess., vi. 569; 
 Phila. Mus. of For. Lit,, xiii. 23, from Lon. Weekly Rev. 
 7. CHRONICLE OF THE CONQUEST OP GRANADA, FROM 
 THE MSS. OF FRAY ANTONIO AGAPIDA, 1829. 
 
 Perhaps we need hardly inform our readers that the 
 worthy chronicler Fray is an imaginary personage. 
 
 "Mr. Irving's late publication, the Chronicle of the Conquest of 
 Granada, has superseded all further necesssity for poetry, and. un 
 fortunately for me, for history. He has fully availed himself of 
 all the picturesque and animating movements of this romantic 
 era; and the reader who will take the trouble to compare his 
 Chronicle with the present more prosaic and literal narrative 
 [War of Granada, in Ferd. and Isabella] will see how little he has 
 been seduced from historic accuracy by the poetical aspect of his 
 subject. The fictitious and romantic dress of his work has enabled 
 him to make it the medium for reflecting more vividly the floating 
 opinions and chimerical fancies of the age, while he has illumi 
 nated the picture with the dramatic brilliancy of colouring denied 
 to sober history." Prescott's Ferd. and Isabella, llth ed., 1856, ii. 
 109, n. 
 
 And see Mr. Prescott's review of the Chronicle, in N. 
 Amer. Rev., xxix. 293-314; also in his Miscellanies, 1855, 
 88-122. 
 
 " A few works recently published in the United States have shed 
 far more light [than Robertson's Charles V. and Watson's Philip 
 II.] on the interior organization and intellectual culture of the 
 Spanish nation. Such, for example, are the writings of Irving, 
 whose gorgeous colouring reflects so clearly the chivalrous splen- 
 
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 IRV 
 
 dours of the fifteenth century." Ibid., Miscett., 125-126, $.v.; 
 (from N. Amer. Rev., July, 1837.) 
 
 Since Mr. Prescott's commendation was penned, the 
 Chronicle has been brought more strictly within historical 
 bounds, and in other respects also greatly improved. 
 
 " His Chronicle, at times, wears almost the air of romance ; yet 
 the story is authenticated by frequent reference to existing docu 
 ments, proving that he has substantial foundation for his most 
 extraordinary incidents." Lon. Quar. Rev., xliii. 55-80. 
 
 This article, explanatory of the work, and carefully 
 avoiding commendation, was written for the Quarterly by 
 Mr. Irving, at the request of Mr. John Murray. See also 
 Lon. Month. Rev., cxix. 430 ; Amer. Month. Rev., v. 190 ; 
 Lon. Lit. Gaz., 1829, 329. 
 
 8. VOYAGES OF THE COMPANIONS OF COLUMBUS, 1831. 
 See Lon. Month. Rev., N. S., xvi. 244 ; Lon. Gent. Mag., 
 
 1831, Pt. 1, 143; Prescott's Conq. of Peru, ed. 1855, i. 
 198, n. 
 
 9. THE ALHAMBRA, 1832. 
 
 " On the whole, we consider the work before us as equal in lite 
 rary value to any of the others of the same class, with the excep 
 tion of The Sketch-Book ; and we should not be surprised if it 
 were read as extensively as even that very popular production. 
 We hope to have it in our power, at no remote period, to announce 
 a continuation of the series, which we are satisfied will bear, in 
 the booksellers' phrase, several more volumes." EDWARD EVERETT : 
 JV. Amer. Rev. xxxv. 265-282, Oct. 1832. 
 
 A very suggestive remark occurs in the course of this 
 review, which we quote with the hope that it will bring 
 forth fruit in its season : 
 
 " The period of the Moorish ascendency is, perhaps, the most 
 interesting in the annals of Spain, and would furnish a fit subject 
 for a more methodical, extensive, and elaborate historical descrip 
 tion than has yet been given of it in any language." 
 
 Since the above was written, Mr. Prescott, indeed, has 
 given us his truly great work on the Reign of Ferdinand 
 and Isabella, in which we have a graphic account of the 
 decadence or, more properly speaking, the extirpation 
 of the Moorish power in Spain ; and he has not neglected 
 eloquently to dilate upon the ancient glories of Cordova, 
 Seville, and Granada in their best estate ; but it did not 
 enter into his plan to discuss this comprehensive theme 
 in the extent which can alone do it justice. With the 
 vast collections which he has already made, the profound 
 knowledge of the subject which the digestion of those 
 materials has conferred, and the eloquence and force of 
 his historic pen, what better subject can Mr. Prescott have 
 than the one we have ventured to suggest ? But, before 
 we entirely forget Mr. Irving in this episode, we must 
 remember to notice that, whilst Mr. Everett ranks The Al- 
 hambra below The Sketch-Book, Mr. Prescott very happily 
 refers to the volume as the "beautiful Spanish Sketch 
 book, The Alhambra." See Ferd. and Isabella, llth ed., 
 1856, ii. 100, n. See other reviews of The Alhambra, in 
 the Westminster Rev., xvii. 132: Lon. Athen., 1832, 283; 
 Amer. Month. Rev., ii. 117. We must commend to the 
 attention of those fond of the remains of Moorish anti 
 quity, the splendid publication of Owen Jones, 1842-45 
 2 vols. fol. Columbia, 24, or in grand eagle fol., 36 
 entitled Illustrations of the Palace of the Alhambra. 
 
 Doubtless the reader of Mr. Irving's thrilling account 
 of his midnight explorations of the Alhambra has often, 
 asked himself, "How much of this is sober matter of fact, 
 and how much poetical license ?" We are fortunately en 
 abled to answer this question from a letter of Mr. Irving 
 to the author of this Dictionary : 
 
 "The account of my midnight rambles about the old palace is 
 literally true, yet gives but a feeble idea of my feelings and im 
 pressions and of the singular haunts I was exploring. Every thing 
 in the work relating to myself and to the actual inhabitants of thi 
 Alhambra is unexaggerated fact : it was only in the legends tha 
 
 1 indulged in romancing; and these were founded on materials 
 picked up about the place. 
 
 " To S. AUSTIN ALLIBONB. Sunnyside, Nov. 2, 1857." 
 
 10. A TOUR ON THE PRAIRIES, 1835. 
 
 "To what class of compositions the present work belongs we are 
 hardly able to say. It can scarcely be called a book of travels, for 
 there is too much painting of manners and scenery, and too little 
 statistics ; it is not a novel, for there is no story ; and it is not a 
 romance, for it is all true. It is a sort of sentimental journey, i 
 romantic excursion, in which nearly all the elements of severa 
 different kinds of writing are beautifully and gaily blended into 
 a production almost sui generis. . . . We are not sure that the pas 
 sage in the book which we have read with greatest satisfaction is 
 not that in which we are promised its continuation." EDWARD 
 EVERETT : N. Amer. Rev., xli. 1-28, July, 1835. 
 
 See also Dubl. Univ. Mag., v. 555 ; and see reviews oi 
 The Crayon Miscellany, in South. Lit. Mess., i. 646 
 South. Lit. Jour., i. 8. 
 
 11. ASTORIA, Lon., 1836, 3 vols. cr. 8vo ; Phila., 1836 
 
 2 vols. 8vo. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 283. In 
 French, trans, by P. N. Grolier, 1839, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 * The whole work bears the impress of Mr. Irving's taste. A 
 
 great variety of somewhat discordant materials is brought into a 
 onsistent whole, of which the parts have a due reference to each 
 ther; and some sketches of life and traits of humour come fresh 
 rom the pen of Geoffrey Crayon." EDWARD EVERETT : N. Amer. 
 
 Rev., xliv. 200-237, Jan. 1837. 
 "I have read Astoria with great pfcasure: it is a book to put in 
 
 your library, as an entertaining, well-written very well-written 
 
 account of savage life, on a most extensive scale. Ellice, who 
 
 has just come from America, says Mr. Astor is worth 5,000,000 
 terling; but Baring does ncVbelieve it, or is jealous perhaps." 
 
 Rev. Sydney Smith to Sir George Philips, Combe Foley, Bee. 22, 
 836: Smith's Letters and Corresp., 1855, vol. ii. 
 "The narrative, though told with the grace of the writer, is 
 
 necessarily dry." Blackw. Mag., xli. 169, Feb. 1837, q. v. 
 
 We must not omit to quote the following well-merited 
 ribute to a gentleman who, by his extensive circulation 
 >f sound literature for many years both in Europe and 
 America, has honestly earned the title of a benefactor to 
 ,he public mind. We refer to Mr. Irving's friend and 
 
 publisher, Mr. George P. Putnam, of New York : 
 " We notice Astoria and the Tour on the Prairies now, only on 
 
 account of their connection with our subject, and to commend the 
 aste and enterprise of the publisher who has given to the read- 
 ng world what has long been wanted, a neat and uniform edition 
 of all the writings of Mr. Irving, at a price which ought to obtain 
 for them a wide circulation. These two works, which have all the 
 pleasing characteristics of the author's style, appear very season- 
 ibly in a new edition." PROF. FRANCIS BOWEN : Adventures on the 
 Prairies, in N. Amer. Rev., Ixix. 175-196, July, 1849. 
 
 We have not the slightest interest in the gains or losses 
 of Mr. Putnam's copy-rights, but we have much in the 
 moral and intellectual cultivation of the mind and heart 
 of our countrymen and countrywomen, and therefore, as 
 Lord Chesterfield said of the witty scintillations of the 
 Dean of St. Patrick's, " He that hath any books in the 
 three kingdoms hath those of Swift," so say we, He that 
 hath any books in this great republic should have those of 
 Irving. As for those who have no books, if any such 
 there be, in that household you may look for ennui, 
 mental and physical languor, gossiping, dissipation, and 
 "every evil work." As Sancho Panza conferred his 
 hearty benediction upon the philanthropic inventor of 
 sleep, so do we cordially revere the character of the lite 
 rary Howard who founded the first family library. Of 
 Sancho's favourite recreation he could only say, in the 
 height of his somniferous paean, that it "covered a man 
 like a mantle ;" but of good books we can testify that they 
 nurture the soul with the food of angels. 
 
 But " to proceed with our subject," as the divines say, 
 which has "naturally divided itself" into a hydra-headed 
 discourse : other reviews of Astoria will be found in the 
 Westminster Rev., xxvi. 318 j Amer. Quar. Rev., xxi. 60 j 
 South. Lit. Mess., iii. 59. See also Franchere's Narrative 
 of a Voyage to the Northwest Coast of America, in 1811- 
 14, trans, into English by J. V. Huntingdon, N. York, 
 1854, 12mo. This work contains comments upon some of 
 the statements in Irving's Astoria. 
 
 12. THE ADVENTURES OF CAPTAIN BONNEVILLE, Lon. 
 and Phila.. 1837, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 " Washington Irving, after gleaning the romance of Europe, is 
 now iudefatigably labouring at the romance of America." Blackw. 
 Mag., xlii. 64-67, July, 1837. 
 
 " These volumes are full of exciting incident, and, by reason of 
 Mr. Irving's fine taste and attractive style, they possess the power 
 and the charms of romance." CHANCELLOR KENT. 
 
 13. OLIVER GOLDSMITH : A BIOGRAPHY, N. York, 1849, 
 12mo. This work we have already noticed in our Lives 
 of JOHN FORSTER and OLIVER GOLDSMITH, in this Dic 
 tionary. See also Lon. Athen., 1849, 1151-1152. 
 
 14. MAHOMET AND HIS SUCCESSORS, 1850, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 See N. Amer. Rev., Ixxi. 273 ; N. York Church Rev., iii. 
 401 ; South. Quar. Rev., xx. 173. 
 
 15. WOLFERT'S ROOST, 1855, 12mo. This vol. forma 
 No. 4 of Constable's Miscellany of Foreign Literature, 
 pub. at Edinburgh. The publication of this vol. elicited 
 so many complimentary notices, that the New York pub 
 lishers, Messrs. Geo. P. Putnam & Co., issued a collection 
 of them in pamphlet form of 24 pages. This little bro 
 chure should accompany every set of Irving's works. We 
 give an extract from a notice which has escaped the vigi 
 lance of the publisher : 
 
 "We envy those who will now read these tales and sketches of 
 character for the first time. Washington Irving is here, as he 
 always is, equal to himself. He has the finish of our best writers ; 
 he has the equality and gentle humour of Addison and Gold 
 smith." Westminster Rev., April, 1855. 
 
 Another complimentary notice, also not in the pamphlet 
 just referred to, appeared in the Lon. New Monthly Maga 
 zine, and was copied into the Boston Living Age for Aug. 
 11, 1855. From a review of Wolfert's Roost, in the Lon. 
 Athenaeum, 1855, 192-193, we have already given an ex 
 tract in our article on Ralph Waldo Bmerson, to which 
 the reader is referred. 
 
 043 
 
IRV 
 
 IRV 
 
 16. THE LIFE OF GEORGE WASHINGTON, N.York, vol. i., 
 1855; vols. ii., iii., 1856; iv., 1857. See ante. 
 
 We have before us a number of eulogistic reviews of 
 the early vols. of this as yet unfinished history ; but it is 
 obvious that a productiqp of this character must be re 
 garded as a whole, and that no intelligent, impartial criti 
 cism can be expected until those among us learned in 
 historic lore shall have had opportunity to sit in judgment 
 upon a completed work, and compare accredited " State- 
 Paper" documents with the biographer's charming story. 
 That such verdict will be a favourable one, Mr. Irving's 
 well-known conscientiousness as a historian forbids us to 
 doubt. In the mean time, there can be no impropriety in 
 our remarking that the biographer has well merited the 
 gratitude of his countrymen for transporting the illustrious 
 commander from the learned austerity of the Senate- 
 Chamber, and the chilling dignity of Congressional Li 
 braries, to the domestic familiarity of the parlour and the 
 winter-evening fireside of the cottage. Reviews of the 
 early vols. of the Life of Washington will be found, of 
 vol. i., in Westminster Rev., Oct. 1855; vol. iii., Ibid., Oct. 
 1856; vols. L, ii., iii., Lon. Athenaeum, Aug. 16, 1856; i., 
 ii., iii., N. Amer. Rev., July, 1856. 
 
 As every thing concerning Washington Irving may be 
 presumed to be interesting to the reader, we quote the 
 following genealogical scrap from Dennistoun's Memoirs 
 of Sir Robert Strange : 
 
 " John of Irwyn had landed possessions in the parish of Holm, 
 In Orkney, in 1438, when the county was still an appanage of the 
 crown of Denmark and Norway. The Irvines of Sebay are very 
 frequently mentioned in the times of Robert and Patrick Stewart, 
 Earls of Orkney, and suffered very severely from the outrages of 
 these rapacious nobles. They became extinct in the direct male 
 \\netempore Charles I.; but one collateral branch had immediately 
 before settled in the island of Sanday, and another, the Irvines 
 of Gairstay, in the island of Shapinshay. They lost the estate of 
 Gairstay several generations back, and sank down into the condi 
 tion of mere peasants, tenants of Quhome, where some of them 
 reside at this day. I was there lately with Mr. Balfour. the pro 
 prietor of Shapinshay, who pointed out the old and modest house 
 at Quhome where was born William Irvine, father of Washington 
 Irving. Is it not somewhat singular that Sir Robert Strange and 
 the author of Bracebridge Hall can be almost demonstrated of the 
 same blood? I guess if Irving knew his pedigree could be traced 
 step by step up to John Erwyn of 1438, he would readily claim 
 and vindicate his Orcadian descent." 
 
 In addition to the authorities quoted in the course of 
 this article, see also Homes of American Authors ; Gris- 
 wold's Prose Writers of America; Duyckincks' Cyc. of 
 Amer. Lit. ; Sketch of Irving, by H. T. Tuckerman ; Miss 
 Bremer's Impressions of America ; Madden's Life of the 
 Countess of Blessington ; H. B. Wallace's Literary Criti 
 cisms ; Edin. Rev., Ixi. 23 ; Blackw. Mag., xiv. 564 ; Era 
 ser's Mag., iv. 435, xii. 409 ; South. Quar. Rev., viii. 69 ; 
 South. Lit. Mess., viii. 275 : Amer. Whig. Rev., xii. 602, 
 (by J. B. Cobb;) Democrat. Rev., ix. 573 ; Ibid., xxi. 488, 
 (by P. H. Mayer;) United States Lit. Gaz., i. 177 ; N.York 
 Eclec. Mag., xv. 412 ; Bost. Chris. Rev., xv. 203 ; Bost. Liv. 
 Age, xliv. 723, (from Lon. Spectator.) We have already 
 referred to Lord Byron's enthusiastic attachment to the 
 writings and character of Irving, (Life of Lord Byron in 
 this Dictionary.) In a letter to Tom Moore, (Ravenna, 
 July 5, 1821,) he remarks: 
 
 " I have bad a friend of your Mr. Irving's, . . . and talked with 
 him much of Irving, whose writings are my delight." 
 
 Again, under date of Sept. 24, 1821, he proposes to Mur 
 ray, as one of the articles of their future correspondence, 
 that he should not send him "any modern, or (as they are 
 called) new, publications, in English, whatsoever, save and 
 excepting any of Walter Scott, Crabbe, . . . Irving, (the 
 American,)" <fcc. 
 
 "The names of Cooper, Channing, and Washington Irving," 
 remarks the historian of Modern Europe, "amply demonstrate 
 that the American soil is not wanting in genius of the most ele 
 vated and fascinating character." SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON : Hist, of 
 Europe, 1789-1815, chap. Ixxvi. 
 
 Mr. Stewart, of the American Navy, a friend of the pre 
 sent Emperor of Prance, tells us that, when in New York, 
 Louis Napoleon declined to "appear in society," but adds : 
 
 " ' There are, however,' remarked the prince, ' individuals resi 
 dent in New York whose acquaintance I should be happy to make. 
 Mr. Washington Irving is one. I have read his works, and admire 
 him both as a writer and a man, and would take great pleasure 
 in meeting him. Chancellor Kent is another. I have studied his 
 Commentaries, think highly of them, and regard him as the first 
 of your jurists. I would be happy to know him personally.'" 
 
 " He did make the acquaintance both of Mr. Irving and the 
 Chancellor," continues Mr. Stewart, "and enjoyed the hospitality 
 of the one at Sunnyside, and of the other at his residence in 
 town." Letter of Rev. C. S. Stewart, N. York, April 4, 1856, to the 
 National Intelligencer. 
 
 How many can echo this remark of Napoleon ! " I ad 
 mire him both as a writer and as a man." It is indeed 
 true, to borrow the words of an eminent American poet, 
 
 " Amiableness is so strongly marked in all Mr. Irving's writing* 
 as never to let you forget the man ; and the pleasure is doubled 
 in the same manner as it is in lively conversation with one for 
 whom you have a deep attachment and esteem. There is in it also 
 the gayety and airiness of a light, pure spirit. a fanciful playing 
 with common things, and here and there beautiful touches, till the 
 ludicrous becomes half picturesque." RICHARD H. DANA, SR. : N. 
 Amer. Rev., ix. 336, Sept. 1819. 
 
 If Mr. Dana were called upon to reaffirm the above, 
 after forty years, and over the large pile of volumes which 
 Mr. Irving has since given to the world, we are satisfied 
 that he would do it without a moment's hesitation. 
 
 Many years ago Edward Everett advised the young 
 aspirant after literary distinction, 
 
 "If he wishes to study a style which possesses the characteristic 
 beauties of Addison's, its ease, simplicity, and elegance, with greater 
 accuracy, point, and spirit, let him give his days and nights to the 
 volumes of Irving." N. Amer. Rev., xii. 4, July, 1835. 
 
 Young men have followed this advice most sedulously; 
 and, indeed, a number of years before this counsel was 
 penned, Mr. Irving's example had produced wonders : 
 
 "The great effect which it has produced is sufficiently evident 
 already, in the number of good writers, in various forms of elegant 
 literature, who have sprung up among us within the few years 
 which have elapsed since the appearance of Mr. Irving, and who 
 justify our preceding remark, that he may fairly be considered as 
 the founder of a school." ALEXANDER H. EVERETT : N. Amer. Rev.. 
 xxviii. Ill, Jan. 1829. - 
 
 " Heretofore the essays of Washington Irving have offered a 
 solitary specimen of the lighter literature of America, but we can 
 now only regard Geoffrey Crayon as the founder of a class of wri 
 ters, who follow closely in his footsteps." Court Journal : Notice 
 of Stories of American Life, edited by Mary Russell Mitford. 
 
 These remarks applies to both sides of the water. If an 
 English reviewer desire to pay an especially handsome 
 compliment to an author, presuming that the case admits 
 of a likeness being instituted at all, he is very likely to be 
 strongly reminded of the style of the author of The Sketch- 
 Book. Let us cite some instances. The author of the 
 article on George Colman and Bonnel Thornton's Connois 
 seur, in Chambers's Cyclopedia of English Literature, 
 quotes a passage from an essay on Country Churches, 
 
 which," says the critic, " seems like a leaf from the note 
 book of Washington Irving." The reviewer in the London 
 New Times remarks, of the author of Tales of a Voyager, 
 that his "humour is of the spirit and quality of Washing 
 ton Irving." The London Gentleman's Magazine says 
 that in the perusal of The Journal of an Exile " we have 
 frequently been reminded of the style and manner of The 
 Sketch-Book, the same pathos, the same originality of 
 thought, the same felicity of expression." The London 
 Monthly Review is so delighted with The Lucubrations of 
 Major Humphrey Ravelin, that it declares that "many of 
 the practised writers must/a^ into the rear, in competition 
 with Major Ravelin, who must stand muster with Geoffrey 
 Crayon." The London Spectator, in a notice of the Auto 
 biography of Hugh Miller, remarks that " his style has 
 a purity and elegance which reminds one of Irving and 
 Goldsmith." One of the most distinguished of American 
 authors is not disposed to think that any of Irving's imi 
 tators have equalled their master; at least, this was his 
 opinion at the time he penned the article from which we 
 are about to quote : 
 
 "The candour with which the English have recognised Mr. 
 Irving's literary merits is equally honorable to both parties, while 
 his genius has experienced a still more unequivocal homage, in 
 the countless imitations to which he has given rise; imitations 
 whose uniform failure, notwithstanding all the appliances of ac 
 complishment and talent, prove their model to he inimitable." 
 WIILIAM H. PRESCOTT : N. Amer. Rev., xxxv. 191-192. July, 1832. 
 
 It is only proper to remark that Mr. Prescott has no 
 reference, so far as we are aware, to either of the com 
 parisons cited above. They were collected by ourselves, 
 in the course of desultory reading. Washington Irving, 
 indeed, can never be confounded with the host of his imi 
 tators, abroad or at home. His literary reputation rests 
 upon sure foundations, broad, deep, well settled, and 
 immutable. As regards his own country, 
 
 " Other writers may no doubt arise in the course of time, who 
 will exhibit in verse or prose a more commanding talent, and soar 
 a still loftier flight in the empyrean sky of glory. Some western 
 Homer, Sbakspeare, Milton, Corneille, or Calderon, may irradiate 
 our literary world with a flood of splendour that shall throw all 
 other greatness into the shade. This, or something like it, may or 
 may not happen; but, even if it should, it can never be disputed 
 that the mild and beautiful genius of Mr. Irving was the Morning 
 Star that led up the march of our heavenly host; and that he has 
 a fair right, much fairer certainly than the great Mantuan, to 
 assume the proud device, Primus ego in patriam." ALEXANDER 
 H. EVERETT: N. Amer. Rev., xxviii. 110, Jan. 1829. 
 
 As respects Mr. Irving's fame abroad, it is certainly 
 true, as Mr. Prescott remarks, that his merits have been 
 from the first, we will add warmly acknowledged by 
 British critics and cordially appreciated by British readers. 
 
IRV 
 
 JAC 
 
 The circulation of his delightful volumes is by no means 
 confined to the literary circles of the critics : 
 
 "To my poor cottage, rich only in printed paper," remarks an 
 accomplished lady, " people all come to borrow books for them 
 selves or for their children. Sometimes they make thtiir own 
 selections ; sometimes, much against my will, they leave the choice 
 to me ; and in either case I know no books that are oftener lent 
 than those that bear the pseudonym of Geoffrey Crayon. Few, 
 very few, can show a long succession of volumes so pure, so grace 
 ful, and so varied as Mr. Irving." Mary Russell Mitford's RecoJr 
 lections of a Literary Life. 
 
 Such a tribute as this must be peculiarly grateful to Mr. 
 Irving. "It is excellent," says Isabella to the haughty 
 duke, "to have a giant's strength;" but there is a rarer 
 and more precious gift. To have the power, by the magic 
 of the inspiration of genius, to elevate the mind and to 
 improve the heart, to cause the rich to forget their covet- 
 ousness and the poor their poverty, to while away the 
 tedious hours of declining age, of bodily pain, or mental 
 disquietude, this is indeed a gift more excellent than the 
 giant's strength, the victor's laurel, or the conqueror's 
 crown; and this honour has WASHINGTON IRVING, the 
 author of THE SKETCH-BOOK and THE ALHAJIBRA, the 
 biographer of COLUMBUS and of WASHINGTON. 
 
 Irving, William, 1766-1821, a native of the city of 
 New York, a brother of Washington Irving, was engaged 
 in mercantile business in the place of his birth for a num 
 ber of years, and from 1813 to '19 was a member of the 
 National Congress. In 1793 he was married to a sister 
 of James K. Paulding, and assisted him and Washing 
 ton Irving in the composition of Salmagundi, noticed 
 at length in the preceding article. To this popular pe 
 riodical William contributed the poetry, and hints and 
 sketches for some of the essays. Of the other three bro 
 thers of Washington Irving, Ebenezer, born in 1776, is 
 still living, (in 1857,) and resides with Washington Irving 
 at Sunnyside; Petei>-born in 1771, died in 1838; and 
 John Treat, born in 1778, died in 1838. The last two have 
 been noticed or an earlier page of our Dictionary. 
 
 Irvinus, Anylice, Irvine or Irving. 
 
 Irwin, Viscountess. See HOWARD, ANNE. 
 
 IrAvin, Eyles, 1748-1817, of the E. India Co., a na 
 tive of Calcutta, of Irish parents, pub. a number of poems, 
 letters, <fcc., 1771-1814, and the following work, by which 
 he is best known : Series of Adventures in the Course of 
 a Voyage up the Red Sea, in Letters to a Lady, <fcc., Lon., 
 1780, 4to; 3d ed., 1787, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "Chiefly valuable for the information which his personal adven 
 tures necessarily give of the manners, &c. of the Arabians." Ste 
 venson's Voyages and Travels. 
 
 Irwin, F. C. Western Australia in 1835, Lon., 8vo. 
 
 Irwin, G. Soap-Suds Manure; Nic. Jour., 1808. 
 
 Irwin, Thomas. Versicles, Dubl., 1856. 
 
 "The poetry of Irwin is rich, soft, and musical: indeed, one of its 
 greatest faults is exuberance." Irish Quar. Rev., Jan. 1856. 
 
 Isaac, John. 1. Gospel Doctrine of Free Grace, 1788, 
 12mo. 2. The General Apiarian, 1799, 12mo. 
 
 Isaack, Thomas. Methodus Cognoscendi, 1650, 12mo. 
 
 Isaacs, Mrs. Novels and Tales, 1809-16, Ac. 
 
 Isaacs, Hyams. Forms, &c. of the Jews, Lon., 
 1834, 8vo. 
 
 Isaacson, Henry, 1581-1634, a native of London. 
 Tabula Historico-Chronologica, Lon., 1 633, fol. His works 
 were subsequently pub., in 8vo, containing the Life of Bp. 
 Andrews, <fcc. 
 
 Isdell, Miss Sarah. A novel, Ac., Lon., 1809-11. 
 
 Isham, Rev. Chester. Sermons. Reviewed in N. 
 Haven Chris. Month. Spec., vii. 623 ; viii. 176. A biography 
 of Mr. Isham, by L. Bacon, will be found in the same 
 periodical, vii. 611. 
 
 Isham, John. Office for the Sick, Lon., 1694, 8vo. 
 
 Isham, W. The Mud Cabin ; or, The Character and 
 Tendency of British Institutions, N. York, 1853, 12mo. 
 
 Isham, Zachens, d. 1705, Preb. of Canterbury, 1691. 
 Notes on Job, Proverbs, and Wisdom, and Serms., 1695- 
 1705. 
 
 Itchener, Rev. George. Elegiac Tears, 1766, 4to. 
 
 Itchener, Rev. Win. Defence of the Canon of the 
 Old Testament, Lon., 1723, 8vo. 
 
 Ive, Paul. 1. Instructions for the Warres, Lon., 1589, 
 4to. 2. Practice of Fortification, 1589, '99, 4to. 
 
 Ive, Thomas. Humble Appeal, 1654, 4to. 
 
 Ivers, F. F. Prince of Asturias, Lon., 1844, 8vo. 
 
 Ivers, H. Trials of a Priest, Lon., 1855, 12mo. 
 
 Ivery, John. Hertfordshire Melody, 1773, 8vo. 
 
 Ives, A. E. Parting Counsel; a Farewell Serm., 
 Bosk, 1855. 
 
 Ives, Charles. Chips from the Workshop ; a Collec 
 tion of Poems, N. Haven, 1848, 12mo. 
 
 Ives, Cornelius. 25 Serms. for a Country Congre 
 gation, Oxf., 1832, cr. 8vo. 
 
 " Admirably adapted to the purpose for which they were writ 
 ten." Lon. Chris. Rememb. 
 
 Ives, E. Books on Musical Education, N. York. 
 
 Ives, Edward, a surgeon, d. 1780. Voyage from 
 England to India in 1754, Lon., 1773, 4to. 
 
 Ives, Edward O. Remarks on Oude, <fcc., Lon., 1796, 
 4to. 
 
 Ives, J. M. New England Fruit-Book, Bosk 
 
 Ives, Jeremy. Theolog. treatises, 1658-72. 
 
 Ives, John, 1751-76, a native of Yarmouth, pub. some 
 antiquarian papers, and Remarks upon the Garianonum 
 of the Romans, Lon., 1774, 8vo. See Nichols's Anec. ; 
 Noble's College of Arms; Granger's Letters, by Malcolm; 
 Lon. Gent. Mag., vols. Ivii., Ixiii. 
 
 Ives, Levi, M.D., 1750-1826, of New Haven, Conn., 
 was one of the conductors of Cases and Observations, pub. 
 at New Haven, and said to be the first medical journal 
 ever pub. in the U. States. 
 
 Ives, Levi Silliman, D.D., LL.D., late Bishop of 
 the Protestant Episcopal Church in North Carolina, now a 
 member of the R. Catholic Church. 1. A Catechism, N. 
 York, 18mo, 2 Pts. 2. Manual of Devotion, 12mo. 3. 
 Five Serins, on The Apostles' Doctrine and Fellowship, 
 16mo. 4. Humility a Ministerial Qualification : an Ad 
 dress, 1840, 8vo. 5. Serms. on the Obedience of Faith, 
 1849, 18mo. 6. The Trials of a Mind in its Progress to 
 Catholicism : a Letter to his Old Friends, Bosk, 1853, 12mo ; 
 Lon., 1854, p. Svo. A review of some of Bp. Ives's ser 
 mons will be found in Princeton Rev., xvii. 491. 
 
 Ivimey, Joseph, a Baptist minister. 1. Life of John 
 Bunyan, 1809, 12mo. 2. Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, 
 with Notes. See BUNYAN, JOHN. 3. Serin., 1809, Svo. 4. 
 Hist, of the English Baptists, Lon., 1811-23, 3 vols. Svo. 
 
 "Highly creditable to yourself and to the denomination to which 
 you belong." Robert Hatt to tfie author, on the first two vols. See 
 Hall's Works, ed. 1853, ii. 443, n.; v. 521-523. 
 
 Ivimey also wrote The Life and Times of John Milton, 
 The Life of Rev. W. Kiffin, and some other works. See 
 Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Jos. Ivimey, by Geo. 
 Pritchard, 1835, Svo. 
 
 Ivison, Ursula. A Poem, Lon., 1794, '98, Svo. 
 
 Ivory, James, 1765-1842, a celebrated mathemati 
 cian, a native of Dundee, Scotland, contributed a number 
 of valuable papers, (1796-1816,) on his favourite branch 
 of investigation, to Trans. Soc. Edin., Phil. Trans., and 
 Thorn. Ann. Philos. See Chambers and Thomson's Biog. 
 Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Marquis 
 of Northampton's Address to the Roy. Soc., 1842; Lord 
 Brougham's Contrib. to the Edin. Rev., 1856, iii. 183-195. 
 
 Ivoryy. Forms of Process before the Ct. of Sess. and 
 the Corn", of Feuds, Edin., 1815-18, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Ixford, Noah. Purging, Lon., 1690, 12mo. 
 
 Izacke, Richard, 1624-1700, a native of Exeter. 1. 
 Remarkable Antiquities of the City of Exeter, Lon., 1677, 
 Svo; 1681, Svo; 1722, Svo; 1724, Svo; 1734, Svo. Con 
 tinued to 1723 by his son, Samuel Izacke, Lowndes says 
 in 1724 or 1731, 8vo; according to Watt, 1741, Svo. 
 "A dry collection, and full of mistakes." BP. WHITE KENNET. 
 
 2. Alphabet. Register, Ac., 1736, Svo. 3. Rights and 
 Privileges of the Freemen of Exeter, Exeter, 1785, sm. 4to. 
 
 Izard, Ralph, an eminent American statesman, Sena 
 tor of the United States from South Carolina from 1789 to 
 '95. Correspondence from 1774 to 1804, with a short 
 Memoir, Bosk, 1844, vol. i., 12ino. Reviewed in Democratic 
 Rev., xix. 40. No man enjoyed the confidence of General 
 Washington in a higher degree than Ralph Izard. 
 
 J. 
 
 Jabet, Wm., Leek of St. Bartholomew's Chapel, Bir 
 mingham. 18 Serms., Lon., 1787, Svo. 
 
 Jack, Lt.-Col. Six Views of Kot Kangra, Lon., 
 1847, fol. 
 
 Jack, or Jachaeus, Gilbert, 1578-1 628, Prof, of 
 
 Philos. at Leyden, was a native of Aberdeen, Scotland. 1. 
 Institutiones Physicae Juventutis Lugdunensis Studiis po- 
 tissimum dicatae, 1612; again, with notes, 1616. 2. In 
 stitutiones Medicae, Lugd. Bat., 1624, '31, '53, 12mo. See 
 Chambers and Thomson's Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, 
 
 945 
 
JAC 
 
 JAG 
 
 Jack, or Jachaeus, Thomas, d. 1596, minister of 
 Eastwood, Ac., a Scotsman. Onomasticon Poeticum, siue 
 Propriorum qnibus in suis Monumentis vsi sunt veteres 
 Poetas breuis Descriptio poetica, Edinburgi, 1592, 4to. 
 
 This rare and curious book should not escape the biblio 
 grapher. See McCrie's Life of Melville. 
 
 Jack, Richard, Teacher of Mathematics. 1. Ele 
 ments of Conic Sections, Edin., 1742, 8vo. 2. Mathemat. 
 Principles of Theology; or, the Existence of God Geo 
 metrically Demonstrated, Lon., 1747, 8vo. 
 
 "A curious and excellent work." Dr. ADAM CLARKE. 
 
 3. Euclid's Data Restored, Lon., 1756, 8vo. 
 
 Jackman, Rev. J. Theolog. treatises, 1705-19. 
 
 Jackson. Art of Engraving, Ac., Lon., 1754, 4to. 
 Commended as a curious and ingenious work. 
 
 Jackson, Mrs* Dialogues on Christianity, 1806, 2 
 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Jackson, Miss. Pictorial Flora, Lon., 1840, Svo. 
 
 Jackson, Abraham. 1. Sorrow's Lenitive : in verse, 
 Lon., 1614, Svo. 2. Serm., 1618, Svo. 3. The Pious 
 Prentice, 1640, Svo. 
 
 Jackson, Alfred. Tints from an Amateur's Palette, 
 Lon., 1849, fp. Svo. 
 
 Jackson, Alverey. Saving Faith, Lon., 1752, Svo. 
 
 Jackson, Andrew, d. 1778, aged 83, a London book 
 seller. 1. Paradise Lost, Book 1st: in rhyme, 1740. 2. 
 Matrimonial Scenes, modernized from Chaucer, 1750. 3. 
 In conjunction with Charles Marsh, A Briefe Conceipte 
 touching the Commonweale of this Realme of England, by 
 Wm. Shakspeare, the dramatist; originally printed in 1581 ; 
 reprinted 1751. The contents of Jackson's book-cata 
 logues for 1756, '57, '59, and one without date, were in 
 rhyme. See Miller's Fly-Leaves, 1854, p. 69. 
 
 Jackson, Major-General Andrew, 1767-1845, a 
 native of South Carolina, President of the United States, 
 1829-37. His Farewell Address, with his Will, and 25 
 Eulogies and Serms. delivered on occasion of his Death, 
 Phila., 1846, 12mo. The Life of Genl. Jackson has been 
 written by J. H. Eaton, 1824, 8vo, Wm. Cobbett, 1834, 
 ISmo, J. S. Jenkins, Amos Kendall, S. P. Waldo, &c. 
 For notices of his administration, see Williams and Los- 
 sing's National Hist, of the U. States; Williams's States 
 man's Manual; Poole's Index to Period. Lit.; histories of 
 the period. 
 
 Jackson,Arthur,1593-1666,aNon-conformist,ejected 
 from the living of St Faith's in 1662. 1. A Help for the 
 Understanding of the Holy Scriptures; or, Annotations on 
 the Historicall Part of the Old Test: vol. L, Camb., 1643, 
 4to; The Pentateuch: vol. ii., 1646, 4to; Joshua Es 
 ther: vol. iii., Lon., 1658, 4to; Job Song of Solomon. 
 2. Annotations upon the Whole Book of Isaiah; with Me 
 moir of the Author, pub. by his son, 1682, 4to. 
 
 u These annotations are not prolix or critical ; but they are in 
 general very much to the purpose. Considering the period in 
 which the author lived, they are tolerably well written ; and, as 
 works on the historical parts of the Old Testament are not very 
 numerous, Mr. Jackson's help ought not to be despised.'' Orme's 
 Bibl. Bib. See also Calamy's Non-Conformist's Memorial. 
 
 Jackson, Major Basil. 1. Military Surveying, 
 Lon., 1838, '41, Svo. 2. Elementary Surveying, 1842, Svo. 
 
 Jackson, Charles. Sufferings and Escape, 1802, 8vo. 
 
 Jackson, Charles, LL.D., 1775-1855, a native of 
 Newburyport, grad. at Harvard College, 1793 ; removed to 
 Boston, Mass., about 1810; Judge of the Supreme Ct. of 
 Massachusetts, 1813-24. Treat, on the Pleadings and 
 Prac. in Real Actions; with Precedents of Pleadings, Bost, 
 3828, Svo. This excellent work (cited as Jackson on Real 
 Actions) should accompany Stearnes's and Roscoe's on the 
 same subject. See Hoff. Leg. Stu., 282 ; 1 Amer. Jur., 185, 
 ii. 65 ; Kent's Com. Judge Jackson was the chairman of 
 the committee which revised the Statute Laws of Massa 
 chusetts. See Pref. to Revised Statutes of Mass. 
 
 "He was an admirable person, a thorough lawyer, an almost 
 perfect judge, and a good man." GEO. S. HILLARD: in a letter to 
 the author of this Dictionary. See also N. Amer. Rev.,xlvi. 72, by 
 Mr. Ilillard. 
 
 Jackson, Charles T., M.D., b. at Plymouth, Mass., 
 1805, grad. M.D. at Harvard Univ. 1829. 1. Mineralogy 
 and Geology of Nova Scotia, Cambridge, Mass.. 1832, Svo: 
 in conjunction with Francis Alger. 2. First Report on the 
 Geology of the State of Maine, Augusta, Me., 1837, Svo. 
 3. First Report on the Geology of the Public Lands in the 
 State of Maine, Bost., 1837. Nos. 2 and 3 are noticed in 
 N. Amer. Rev., xlv. 240-248. 4. Second Report on the 
 Geology of the State of Maine, Augusta, Me., 1838, 8vo. 
 Noticed in N. Amer. Rev., xlvii. 241-244. 5. Second An 
 nual Report on the Geology of the Public Lands of Maine 
 and Massachusetts, 1838, Svo. 6. Third Report on the 
 946 
 
 Geology of Maine, 1839, Svo. 7. Report on the Geology 
 and Agricult. Survey of R. Island, Bost., 1840, Svo. 8. 
 First Report on the Geology of N. Hampshire, 1841, Svo. 
 Dr. Jackson's contributions to science have been rewarded 
 by orders of merit from the sovereigns of France, Prussia, 
 Turkey, Sweden, and Sardinia. 
 
 Jackson, Rev. E. D. 1. Comp. to the Liturgy, Lon. 
 2. Devotional Year, 1838, Svo. 3. Scripture Hist., 1847. 
 
 Jackson, Frederick, Incumbent of Parson Drove, 
 Isle of Ely. Pract. Serms., 2 ser., 12mo, 1851-53. 
 
 " A score of excellent sermons. The historical parts contain a 
 good deal of unassuming eloquence. They are worthy of frequent 
 perusal." Church and State Gazette. 
 
 Jackson, George. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1810. 
 
 Jackson, George. Stanzas, 1812, Svo. 
 
 Jackson, George. Educational works, Lon., 1847-55. 
 
 Jackson, Hall, M.D., d. 1797, of Portsmouth, New 
 Hampshire, pub. a tract on the Malignant Sore Throat 
 which prevailed 1784-86. See Thacher's Amer. Med. Biog. 
 
 Jackson, Henry. Longitude, &c., Lon., 1727, Svo. 
 
 Jackson, Henry, Chemist. 1. Tar-Water, Lon., 
 1760, Svo. 2. British Isinglass, 1765, Svo. 
 
 Jackson, Henry, D.D., b. June 16, 1798, at Provi 
 dence, Rhode Island; grad. at Brown University, 1817; 
 ordained, 1822 ; settled successively at Charlestown, Hart 
 ford, New Bedford, and, since Jan. 1847, pastor of Central 
 Baptist Church, Newport, R. Island. Dr. J. has pub. a 
 work entitled Churches in Rhode Island, and has in pre 
 paration Rhode Island Ecclesiastically in the 17th century. 
 He has also pub. a number of sermons, and contributed 
 papers to several quarterly and monthly periodicals. 
 
 Jackson, Henry R., b. 1810, at Savannah, Georgia, 
 Judge of the Superior Court of the Eastern District of 
 Georgia, 1849-53; Resident Minister of the United States 
 at Vienna for 1853 to the present time. Tallulah, and 
 other Poems, Savannah, 1851. Mr. J. was for some years 
 one of the editors of the Savannah Georgian. 
 
 Jackson, Humphrey. Isinglass; Phil. Trans., 1773. 
 
 Jackson, Isaac W., Prof, of Mathemat. and Nat. 
 Philos. in Union College, New York. 1. Elements of Conic 
 Sections, Albany, Svo. New ed., Schenectady, 1854, Svo. 
 2. Elementary Treat, on Optics, Albany, Svo. New ed., 
 Schenectady, 1854, Svo. 
 
 Jackson, J. F. Serm., 180S, Svo. 
 
 Jackson, J. L. Art of Riding, Lon., 1765, 12mo. 
 
 Jackson, Col. J. R. 1. Observ. on Lakes, 4to. 2. 
 What to Observe ; 2d ed., 1845, fp. Svo. 
 
 " A work that should be put into the trunk of every traveller, 
 and especially of those who travel with a view to publication." 
 Westminster Review. 
 
 3. Letters on Minerals, Lon., 1849, 12mo. 4. Military 
 Geography, 1850, 12mo. 
 
 Jackson, J. W. The Seer of Sinai, and other Poems, 
 Lon., 1856. See Lon. Athen., 1856, 743. 
 
 Jackson, James. An Appeal to Country Friends, 
 [Quakers,] Lon., 1708, sm. Svo. 
 
 Jackson, James, M.D., LL.D., Prof. Emeritus of 
 the Theory and Practice of Physic in the Univ. of Cam 
 bridge, Mass. ; late Physician in the Mass. General Hospi 
 tal. Letters to a Young Physician just entering upon 
 Practice, Bost, 1855, 12mo; 4th ed., 1856, 12mo. Dedi 
 cated to John C. Warren, M.D. The distinguished author 
 of this vol. has enjoyed the advantages of half a century's 
 medical practice. This should be a sufficient endorsement 
 of the sagacity of his counsels. The work has been well 
 received on both sides of the Atlantic. The London 
 Critic of April 1st, 1856, compares this work most favour 
 ably with publications lately issued by two medical pro 
 fessors at Edinburgh, and dismisses the subject with the 
 remark : 
 
 "The conclusion we have come to after a perusal of it is, that 
 Dr. Jackson has been, through a long professional career, a judi 
 cious, safe, prudent, and sufficiently energetic practitioner, reflect 
 ing credit on American Practice of Physic." 
 
 Dr. Jackson was a pupil of Dr. Edward Augustus Holy- 
 oke, the centenarian, and gives us a sketch of his character 
 in the introductory letter to the above-named work, which, 
 we may say in conclusion, is of interest to the laic as well 
 as the physician. 
 
 Jackson, James Grey. 1. Account of the Empire of 
 Morocco and Suez, Lon, 1809, '11, '12, '14, 4to. 
 
 "Cannot fail to be placed alongside of the very best works which 
 treat of that extraordinary kingdom." Dibdin's Lib. Comp., 460. 
 
 Reviewed in Lon. Quar. Rev., ii. 445-454. 
 
 2. Trans, of Shabeeny's Timbuctoo, <fcc., 1820, Svo. See 
 Stevenson's Voyages and Travels. 
 
 Jackson, James. Agriculture, Edin., 1840, Svo. 
 Highly commended in Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
JAG 
 
 Jackson, Jeremiah. Serms., Ac., 1796-1818. 
 
 Jackson, John. Serms., Ac., 1611-85. 
 
 Jackson, John. Serins., Ac., 1707-23. 
 
 Jackson, John, 1686-1763, a learned Arian divine 
 a native of Yorkshire; admitted of Jesus Coll., Camb., 1702 
 Rector of Rossington, Yorkshire, 1710, Confrater of Wig 
 ton's Hospital, 1719; and Master, 1729. He pub. many 
 theolog. treatises, 1714-49, among which were several in 
 defence of Dr. Samuel Clarke's Doctrine of the Trinity 
 and a number against Warburton, Conyers Middleton, Law 
 Whiston, and the deistical writers Collins, Tindal, an< 
 Morgan. His best-known work is Chronological Antiqui 
 ties for 5100 years, Lon., 1752, 3 vols. 4to. In German a 
 Erlangen, 1756, 3 vols. 4to. 
 
 "Great labour has been bestowed upon it, as the nature of th 
 
 subject required, and the very extent of the performance shows " 
 
 Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Dr. Brett's, wherein he 'defends the Computation "of the Sentua 
 giut." BISHOP WATSON. 
 
 See Dr. Button's Memoirs of the Life and Writings of 
 John Jackson, Lon., 1764, 8vo; Whiston's Life; Nichols's 
 Lit. Anec. 
 
 Jackson, John. Answer to a Serm. entitled Ma 
 sonry the Way to Hell, Lon., 1768, 8vo. 
 
 Jackson, John. 1. Hist, of the Scottish Stage, 
 Edin., 1793, 8vo. 2. Strictures on the Merits of Youne 
 Roscius, 1805. 
 
 Jackson, John, Jr. 1. Hist, of the City and Cathe 
 dral of Lichfield, Lich., 1795, 8vo; 2ded., 1806. 2. Hist, 
 and Antiq. of the Cathedral Church of Litchfield, Lon. 
 1795, 8vo. 3. Poems, 1797, 12mo. 
 
 Jackson, John, d. 1807. 1. Journey from India to 
 wards England [overland] in 1797, Lon., 1799, 8vo. 2. 
 Commerce of the Mediterranean, 1804, 8vo. 
 
 Jackson, John. Poems, Lon., 1808, 12mo. 
 
 Jackson, John, one of Bewick's best pupils. Treat, 
 on Wood Engraving, Historical and Practical, Lon., 1839, 
 imp. 8vo. Upwards of 300 wood-cuts; 52s. The histo 
 rical portion is chiefly by Wm. Andrew Chatto, under 
 whose name we have entered this work; but Chatto's own 
 work was Gems of Wood Engraving, with Hist, of the Art, 
 1849, fol.; 21. Jackson's book is invaluable either to 
 the engraver or the amateur. 
 
 Jackson, John, D.D., formerly Rector of St. James's, 
 Westminster; Bishop of Lincoln, 1853. 1. Spirit of the 
 World; a Serm. 2. II. Serms., 1849, 32mo. 3. VI. Serms. 
 on Christian Character; 4th ed., 1853, 12mo. 4. Serms. 
 on the Sinfulness of Little Sins ; 9th ed., 1855, fp. 8vo. 5. 
 VI. Serms. on Repentance; 4th ed., 1853, 12mo. 6. Wit 
 ness of the Spirit; 2d ed., 1855, fp. 8vo. 
 
 Jackson, John M. U. Canada, Lon., 1809, 8vo. 
 
 Jackson, Joseph. Enchiridion Theoretico-Medi- 
 cum, Lon., 1695, 12mo; Amst, 1697, 12mo. 
 
 Jackson, Joseph. Poetical Sketch, Lon., 1797, 4to. 
 
 Jackson, Sir K. A. Views in Affghaunistaun, Lon., 
 1841, imp. 4to. 
 
 Jackson, Laurence. Theolog. treatises, 1739-71. 
 
 Jackson, Matthew. Five Serms., Lon., 1755, 8vo. 
 
 Jackson, Miles. 1. Serm., Bradford, 1815, Svo. 2. 
 Serms., Lon., 1825, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Jackson, Peter. Account of his Case, 1806, Svo. 
 
 Jackson, Randle. Speeches, Ac., 1795-1828. 
 
 Jackson, Richard. Literature Graeca, 1769, 12ino. 
 
 Jackson, Robert, M.D., 1751-1827, a physician in 
 the English army, pub. a Treat, on the Fever of Jamaica, 
 Lon., 1791, 8vo., and other profess, works, Ac., 1798-1817. 
 The 3d ed. of his Systematic View of the Formation, Dis 
 cipline, and Economy of an Army was pub. 1845, Svo. 
 
 Jackson, Rowland, M.D. Medical treatises, Ac., 
 Lon., 1747-48. 
 
 Jackson, Samuel. E. India Weights, Ac., 1764. 
 
 Jackson, Samuel, has recently pub. a number of 
 translations from the German and French, from Francke, 
 Krummacher, Strauss, Zinzendorf, Ac. See JACQUES, WM. 
 
 Jackson, Samuel, M.D., Prof, of the Institutes of 
 Medicine in the Univ. of Penna. 1. Principles of Medicine, 
 Phila., 1832, Svo. 2. Discourse Commemorative of Na 
 thaniel Chapman, M.D., 1854, Svo. 3. Introduc. to Dr. J. 
 Cheston Morris's trans, of Lehman's Chemical Physio 
 logy, 185fi, 8vo. 4. Occasional Medical Essays. 
 
 Jackson, Sarah. Family Cook, Lon., 1754, 12mo. 
 
 Jackson, Seguin Henry, M.D. Dermato-Patho- 
 logia, Lon., 1792, Svo. Other medical treatises, 1781- 
 1806. 
 
 Jackson, Rev. Theodore. Serious Address, 1788. 
 
 JAC 
 
 Jackson, T. Life, Writings, and Opinions of John 
 Goodwin, 1822, Svo. See GOODWIN, JOHN, No. 7. 
 
 Jackson, Thomas, D.D., 1579-1640, a native of 
 Willowing, Durham, admitted of Queen's Coll., Oxf., 1595 
 removed to Corpus Christi Coll., 1596; President of Corpus 
 Christi Coll., 1630; Preb. of Winchester, 1635; Dean of 
 Peterborough, 1638. He was profoundly versed in theology, 
 metaphysics, the languages, the arts and sciences, and was 
 pious, charitable, and courteous. He was the author of 
 Commentaries on the Apostles' Creed, many serms. and 
 theolog. treatises, of which a collective edit, was pub., with 
 a Life of the author, by E. Vaughan, in 1673, 3 vols. fol. 
 New ed., revised and improved, Oxf., 1844, 12 vols. Svo. 
 A Synoptical Table of his Works was pub. in 1838, 12mo, 
 by the Rev. John Henry Todd. And see GOODE, WM., 
 No. 5. 
 
 "I speak it in the presence of God, I have not read so hearty, 
 vigorous a champion against Rome, BO convincing and demonstra 
 tive, as is Dr. Jackson; and I bless God for the Confirmation he 
 hath given me in the Christian Religion against the Atheist, Jew, 
 and Socinian." GEORGE HERBERT, tin Poet. 
 
 "He is generally full of meaning: it is scarce possible to open in 
 any page where we shall not find something seldom if at all to be 
 met with anywhere else. A curious reader will find something 
 remarkable and worthy of reading in the whole." DR. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 "Dr. Jackson is a magazine of theological knowledge, everywhere 
 penned with great elegance and dignity, so that his style is a pat 
 tern of perfection. ... He deserves to be numbered with the Eng 
 lish fathers of the church." JONES, of Nayland: Life of Bishop 
 Home. 
 
 "His method is circuitous, his style involved, yet often dignified 
 and never mean." Dr. E. WWiamjs C. P. 
 
 "Deficient in evangelical views, and redundant in reasoning 
 philosophy, yet full of useful thoughts." Bickergteth's C. & 
 
 Jackson is often quoted by Bishop Patrick in his Com 
 mentaries on the Old Testament, and is commended by 
 Bishop Home, Merrick, Ac. 
 
 "In my judgment the most valuable of all our English divines. 
 . . . I think you would find three or four pages per day a wholesome 
 and pleasant diet. . . . The philosophy, the strength of faith, and 
 the sincere religious belief with which his three folios abound. . . . 
 An author with whom, more almost than any other, one might be 
 contented in a prison." ROBT. SOUTHET : Life and Correspondence. 
 
 Jackson, Thomas, d. 1646, Preb. of Canterbury,1614. 
 Weekly Lects. on St. Matt. viii. 23-27, Lon., 1623, 4to. 
 
 Jackson, Thomas, LL.D. Composition of Pres 
 sures; Trans. Soc. Edin., 1817. 
 
 Jackson, Thomas. 1. Centenary of Wesleyan Me 
 thodism, Lon., 1839, 12mo. 2. Lives of Early Methodists, 
 chiefly by themselves, 1849, 2 vols. 12mo. Other works. 
 
 Jackson, Timothy. Expos, of the 2d Epist. of St. 
 Paul to the Thessalonians, Lon., 1621, 4to. 
 
 Jackson, W. School-books, 1661-72. 
 
 Jackson, W. Beauties of Nature, 1769, Svo. 
 
 Jackson, W. A. Herbert Broom's Parties to Actions ; 
 2d Amer. ed., Phila., 1847, Svo. 
 
 Jackson, Wm. Treat, gn Hosea x. 12, Lon., 1616, 4to. 
 
 Jackson, Wm., D.D. Serm., Camb., 1675, 4to. 
 
 Jackson, Wm., M.D. Salt Springs; Phil. Trans., 1669. 
 
 Jackson, Wm. On Sounds, Westm., 1726, Svo. 
 
 Jackson, Wm. Ancle-Joints, Ac., Lon., 17S8, Svo. 
 
 Jackson, Wm., 1730-1803, a musical composer, a 
 native of Exeter, England. 1. Music in London, Lon., 
 1791, Svo. 2. Thirty Letters on various subjects, 1782, 2 
 vols. 12mo; 1784, 2 vols. 12mo; 1795, Svo. 3. The Four 
 Ages, with Essays, 1798, Svo. 4. Eighteen Musical Works, 
 consisting of Hymns, Songs, Canzonets, Elegies, and an 
 )de to Fancy. See his Life by Dr. Burney in Rees's Cyc.; 
 3ensura Literaria, vol. iv. 
 
 Jackson, Rev. Wm., convicted of high-treason in 
 Dublin, April 23, 1795, committed suicide on the 30th of 
 he same month. Serms., Lon., 1795, Svo. 
 
 Jackson, Wm., D.D., 1750-1815, Regius Prof, of 
 Greek at Oxford, and in 1811 Bishop of Oxford; pub. The 
 Constitutions of the U. States of America, Lon., 1783, Svo ; 
 everal serms., Ac., 1784-1804. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. 
 Vova, i. 317. 
 
 Jackson, Wm. Chemical Characters, 1799, Svo. 
 
 Jackson, Wm. Divinity Prize Essay, Oxf., 1846, Svo. 
 
 Jackson, Z, a printer. Shakspeare's Genius Justified, 
 
 n., 1819, Svo. Worth examination. See Dibdin's Lib. 
 Comp., 804; Goodhugh's E. G. Lib. Man., 219; Blackw. 
 Mag., v. 411-415. 
 
 Jacob. Elephant's Bones; Phil. Trans., 1754. 
 
 Jacob, Rev. Alexander. Complete English Peer- 
 ge, Lon., 1766-70, 3 vols. fol. 
 
 Jacob, Arthur. 1. Inflam. of the Eye-Ball, DubJ., 
 850, fp. Svo. 2. Removal of Cataract, Lon., 1851, Svo. 
 
 Jacob, Edward, d. 1788, pub., from the 4th ed. of 
 592, the old Play of Arden of Feversham, (which he as- 
 ribes to Shakspeare,) Lon., 1770, Svo; Hist, of Feveraham, 
 
JAC 
 
 JAD 
 
 1774, 8vo; Cat. of Plants near Feversham, 1777, 12mo; and 
 a paper on Roman Earthen-Ware, in Archaeol., 1782. 
 
 Jacob, Edward, d. 1841, King's Counsel, Fellow of 
 Gonville and Caius Coll., Camb., and a son of William 
 Jacob, (post.) 1. Chan. Reports 2 and 3 Geo. IV., Lon., 1828, 
 r. 8vo. 2. With J. Walker, Do. 60 Geo. III. to 1 and 2 
 Geo. IV., 1821-23, 2 vols. r. 8vo. A biography of Mr. 
 Jacob will be found in Lon. Gent. Mag., March, 1842. 
 
 Jacob, G. A. Greek and Latin Grammars, Lon., 
 1841-54. 
 
 Jacob, Giles, 1686-1744, a native of Romsey, Hamp 
 shire, received a legal education, and subsequently became 
 steward and secretary to the Hon. Wm. Blathwayt. Jacob 
 was the author of more than thirty works, of which twenty- 
 five were law-books. Of all these publications, the only 
 ones now in request are: 1. Complete Court-Keeper, or 
 Land-Steward's Assistant, Lon., 1715, 8vo; 8th ed., 1819, 
 8vo. 2. Poetical Register; or, Lives and Characters of the 
 English Dramatic Poets, 1723, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "Notwithstanding some few errors in it, it is by much the best 
 book of the kind hitherto extant." Biog. Dramat., 1764. 
 
 " Nearly of the same mean and despicable nature as Winstanley's 
 English Poets." Sir S. E. Brydges's Phillips' s Tlieat. Poet. Anglic., 
 pp. 1., Ixxvii. q. v. 
 
 Jacob's own dramas Love in a Wood, a Farce, 1714, 
 12mo, and The Soldier's Last Stake, a Comedy gained 
 their author no distinction ; and the latter was ridiculed 
 by Dr. Sewel. 
 
 3. New Law Dictionary, 1729, fol.; llth ed., 1797, 2 
 vols. 4to. Last and best ed. by Sir T. E. Tomline, edited 
 (4th ed. of Tomline's) by T. C. Granger, 1835, 2 vols. 4to; 
 Phila., 1836, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "For practical purposes Bouvier's Law Dictionary is in every re- 
 epect much to be preferred to the English work." Marvin's Leg. 
 Bibl., 693. 
 
 4. Law Grammar, 1749 ; 8th ed., by John Hargrave, 1840, 
 12mo. See Poetical Register; Biog. Dramat.; Bridgman's 
 Leg. Bibl. ; Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Wallace's Reporters ; Do 
 naldson's Agricult. Biog. ; Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors. 
 This voluminous author did not escape the compliments 
 of the great satirist of the age : 
 
 "Jacob, the scourge of Grammar, mark with awe, 
 Nor less revere the blunderbuss of law." 
 
 Dunciad, b. iii. 1. 149. 
 
 Jacob, Henry, d. in Virginia soon after 1624, founder 
 of the first Independent Congregational Church in Eng 
 land, was a native of Kent, educated at St. Mary's Hall, 
 Oxford, and obtained the benefice of Cheriton, in Kent. 
 He pub. a Treatise on the Sufferings and Victorie of Christ, 
 Lon., 1598, 8vo, a Defence of the same, 1600, 4to, and 
 several theolog. works, for an account of which see Genl. 
 Diet.; Athen. Oxon.; Strype's Life of Whitgift. Jacob's 
 treatise, noticed above, was the first answer to Bp. Bilson's 
 Serms. on Redemption, preached in 1597, pub. 1598, 8vo. 
 See BILSON, THOMAS. 
 
 Jacob, Henry, 1606 or '07-1652, son of the preceding, 
 was the author of Oratio Inauguralis, Grseca et Latina 
 Poemata, English Poetry, &c., (all pub. by Henry Birkhead, 
 1652, 4to,) and left some learned treatises in MS. See 
 Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Brit., art. Dickinson. 
 
 Jacob, Henry. Hebrew Grammar, 1810, 8vo. 
 Jacob, Ililde brand. Bedlam; a Poem, Lon., 1723, 
 4to. 
 
 Jacob, John. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1678-79. 
 Jacob, John. Annals of the British Norinan Isles, 
 Lon., imp. 8vo. 
 
 Jacob, Joseph. Serms., 1702, '05, both 4to. See 
 Bogue and Bennett's Hist, of Dissenters; Lon. Quar. Rev., 
 x. 118, (by Robt. Southey.) 
 
 Jacob, Joseph. Wheel-Carriages, Ac., Lon., 1773, 
 '74, both 4to. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Jacob, M. The Days, Months, and Seasons of the 
 Year, Lon., 1853, sq. 
 
 Jacob, W. S. A Few More Words on the Plurality 
 of Worlds, Lon., 1855, fp. 8vo. 
 
 Jacob, William, d. 1851, aged 89, at one time a Lon 
 don merchant, and M.P. from 1808-12, pub. Travels in the 
 South of Spain in 1809-10, 4to, Lon., 1811, (favourably 
 reviewed in Edin. Rev., xviii. 123-152,) and several treatises 
 on subjects of Political Economy, among which are 1. Two 
 Reports on the Trade in Corn, and the Agricult. of the 
 North of Europe, 1826-27, fol. ; printed by H. of C. 
 
 "These Reports contain a great deal of valuable information re 
 specting the agriculture and statistics of the North of Europe." 
 JfcCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 79. 
 
 2. An Inquiry into the Production and Consumption of 
 
 the Precious Metals, 1831, 2 vols. 8vo. Undertaken ai 
 
 the suggestion of Mr. Huskisson, who assisted the author 
 
 "Though perhaps the best on the subject, this work is very de- 
 
 fective. It was reviewed, and some of its deficiencies pointed ont, 
 in the 55th volume of the Edinburgh Review." McCuLLOCH : ubi 
 supra, 356. 
 
 Yet the work is highly commended by the Edin. Rev., 
 the Lon. Quar. Rev., the Times, and the Spectator. See 
 HUSKISSON, WILLIAM, M.P. A Biography of Mr. Jacob 
 will be found in Lon. Gent. Mag., May, 1852. See also 
 index to Blackw. Mug., vols. i.-l. 
 
 Jacobs, Frederic. 1. First Greek Reader, with Notes 
 by Edwards, Lon., 12mo. 2. Latin Reader, Pt. 1, 15th 
 ed. 1855, 12mo; Pt. 2, 9th ed. 1855, 12mo. 3. Hellas; or, 
 the Home Hist., &c. of the Greeks, 1855, fp. 8vo. 
 
 Jacobs, SarahS., a residentof Cambridgeport, Mass., 
 
 s a native of Rhode Island, and the daughter of the late 
 
 Rev. Bela Jacobs, a Baptist minister. Miss Jacobs is the 
 
 author of a number of poems not yet collected, some of 
 
 which will be found in Griswold's Female Poets of America. 
 
 Miss Jacobs has recently pub. a vol. entitled Nonantum 
 
 and Natick, Mass. S. S. Soc., Bost., 1854, 12mo. This is 
 
 a history, in a popular style, of the New England Indian 
 
 tribes, with a sketch of the missionary labours of John 
 
 Eliot, the Apostle to the Indians. It has been commended. 
 
 Jacobs, T. G. Scenes, Incidents, and Adventures 
 
 in the Pacific Ocean, under Capt. B. Morrell, N. York, 12mo. 
 
 Jacobs, Wm. 1. Latin Reader, by Edwards: Pt. 1, 
 
 9th ed., 1843, 12mo; Pt. 2, 6th ed., 1839, 12mo. By 
 
 Major; 2d ed., 1S42, fp. 8vo. 2. Mysteries of the Latin 
 
 Language Revealed, 1840, 12mo. 3. Self-Instructing Latin 
 
 Classics, 1842, 2 vols. 12mo. 4. Do. Grammar, 1843, 12mo. 
 
 Jacobson, James. Tobias, a Dramatic Poem; with 
 
 other pieces, 1818, fp. 8vo. 
 
 Jacobson, Wm., Vicar of Ewelme, 1847; Regius 
 Prof, of Divinity, Oxford, 1848; Canon of Christ Church; 
 formerly Vice-Principal of Magdalene Hall, Oxf., and Per 
 petual Curate of Iffley. 1. Patres Apostolici, Oxf., 1840, 
 2 vols. 8vo ; 3d ed., 1847, 2 vols. 8vo. Reviewed in Edin. 
 Rev., Ixxxiv. 195. 2. XVI. Serms., 1840, 12mo. 3. Serms. 
 at Iffley ; 2d ed., 1846, 12mo. 
 
 Jacobus, Melancthon Williams, D.D., b. 1816, at 
 Newark, N.J., Prof, of Oriental and Biblical Literature 
 and Exegesis in the Western Theological Seminary, Pres 
 byterian Church. 1. Letters to Bishop O'Connor and Gov. 
 Bigler on the Public School Controversy. 2. Notes on the 
 Gospels and Acts, N. York, 1849-52, 3 vols. 12mo. Vol. 
 i. contains Matthew, with the harmony; vol. ii., Mark and 
 Luke; vol. iii., John and Acts. 3. Question-Books de 
 signed to accompany the preceding three vols. 
 
 " Dr. Jacobus possesses many qualifications for a successful com 
 mentator on the sacred Scriptures. To a mind vigorous by original 
 endowment, he adds the varied stores of sacred learning, analytical 
 powers of a high order, a sound judgment, a severe literary taste, 
 a deep-toned piety, an earnest love of truth, a familiarity with Bib 
 lical places, objects, and customs, from personal observation; while 
 the style in which he clothes his thoughts is clear, strong, compact, 
 and epigrammatic. His plan has some novel features which en 
 hance the value of his labours." Bibliotheca Sacra. 
 
 " The author, by his learning, taste, and skill, is eminently quali 
 fied for the responsible work of an annotator on the Holy Scrip 
 tures." Zion's Herald. 
 
 Jacocks, A. B. General Features of the Moral 
 Government of God, Bost, 1848, 12rno. 
 Jacomb, Robert. Serin., Lon., 1785, 8vo. 
 Jacomb, Thomas, D.D., 1622-1687, ejected from the 
 living of St. Martin, Ludgate, for Non-conformity, 1662. 
 He was one of the continuators of Poole's Annotations. 
 He pub. a Treatise Of Holy Dedication, Lon., 1688, 8vo; 
 three single serins., 1657 ; and 18 Serms. on Rom. vii. 1-4. 
 "His sermons are clear, solid, and affectionate." DR. W. BATES. 
 Jacomb, Wm. Three Serms., 1719-36. 
 Jacque, James. System of the World, Lon., 1800. 
 Jacques, Alexander, Jr., b. in London, 1830, a 
 son of Alexander Jacques, is the author of a Memoir on 
 Delagoa Bay, 1856. 
 
 Jacques, John. Ordination by meer Presbyters 
 proved void and null, Lon., 1707, 8vo. 
 
 Jacques, Wm. Trans, of A. G. Francke's Guide to 
 the Reading, &c. of the Scriptures, with Life of the Author, 
 Lon., 1815, 8vo. 
 
 " Francke's Manuductio [the above work] deserves to be often 
 read. It contains the best rules for studying the Scriptures that I 
 ever remember to have seen." DR. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Jackson has recently favoured us with a 
 trans, of Guericke's Life of the excellent Francke, Lon., 
 1837, 12mo. Jacques also pub. a book on Arithmetic and 
 one on Ciphering in 1815, and an Essay on Intellectual 
 Education. 
 
 Jacquin, J. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1755. 
 Jadis, Henry. Catalogue of some Books in his 
 Library, Lon., 1826, r. 8vo. Privately printed. Pp. 37-48 
 comprise Shakesperiana : a complete collection of the 
 
JAE 
 
 JAM 
 
 Books and Pamphlets relative to Shakespeare. Notices ! 
 of Mr. Jadis's valuable Library will be found in Dibdin's 
 Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 388-389, 394, 396, 815. 
 
 Jaeger, Professor B. 1. Class-Book of Zoology, 
 N. York, 18mo. Highly commended. 2. The Life of N. 
 American Insects, Providence, R.I., 8vo. In this work 
 Prof. J. was assisted by H. C. Preston, M.D. 
 
 Jagel, Abr. Catechis. Judseorum, Lon., 1696, fol. 
 
 Jager, Robert. Decimals, Lon., 1651, 8vo. 
 
 Jago, Richard, 1715-1781, son of the Rev. Richard 
 Jago, (Rector of Beaudesert, Warwickshire,) was educated 
 at University College, Oxford, and presented successively 
 to the livings of Harbury, Chesterton, Snitterfield, and 
 Kimcote. He was the author of two sermons, 1755, 8vo, 
 1763, 8vo; Edgehill, a Poem, 1767, 4to; Labour and Ge 
 nius ; or, The Mill- Stream and the Cascade, a Fable, 1768, 
 4to; an Elegy on Blackbirds, pub.^in the Adventurer as 
 Gilbert West's,- and other poetical pieces. A collective 
 edit, of his Poems, with an account of the author's life, 
 was pub. in 1784, 8vo, by John Scott Hylton. Jago was 
 a poet of some merit, and, what is still more to his credit, 
 an excellent parish priest. See his life, by Hylton ; John 
 son and Chalmers's Brit. Poets; Nichols's Lit Anec. 
 
 Jagoe, J. Legal publications, Lon., 1846-51. 
 
 Jakob, The rose A. L. You. See ROBINSON, MRS. 
 EDWARD, 
 
 James I., King of Scotland, 1395-1437, the second 
 son of King Robert III., was captured by an English 
 cruiser when on his way to France in 1405, and kept a 
 prisoner in England until 1423, when he ascended the 
 Scottish throne. He was assassinated by some rebellious 
 subjects at Perth in 1437. He employed his imprisonment 
 to such good purpose as to become famous for his erudition 
 and manifold accomplishments. As an author he is best 
 known by The King's Quhair, (Book,) consisting of 197 
 seven-lined stanzas, and elicited by the charms of the 
 Lady Jane Beaufort, of the blood-royal of England, whom 
 he beheld in the garden from his window in Windsor 
 Castle. Need we add that the restoration to freedom left 
 the royal wooer still a captive, and that the Lady Jane 
 became Queen of Scotland ? The other poems ascribed to 
 him are Christis Kirk of the Grene ; (also attributed to 
 James V.;) Peblis to the Play, (doubtful;) Falkland on the 
 Grene, a Song on Absence, and some minor pieces. The 
 Poetical Remains of James L, edited by Win. Tytler, were 
 pub., Edin., 1783, 8vo. The Works of James L, contain 
 ing the three poems noticed above, with two others gene 
 rally ascribed to King James V., The Gaberlun/ie Man, 
 and the Jollie Beggar, were pub. at Perth, 1786, 12mo. 
 Tytler's edit, is accused, by Ritson and others, of many 
 errors. The poems of James will also be found in Sib- 
 bald's Chronicles of Scottish Poetry. It is alleged that 
 portions of The King's Quhair are superior to any poetry 
 produced in England, with the exception of Chaucer's, 
 before the age of Elizabeth. Indeed, Ellis says, 
 
 " It is full of simplicity and feeling, and is not inferior in poetical 
 merit to any similar production of Chaucer." Spec, of the Early 
 Eng. Poets, ed. 1845, i. 244. 
 
 Hallam remarks that 
 
 "The King's Quhair is a long allegory, polished and imaginative, 
 but with some of the tediousiiess usual in such productions." Lit. 
 Hist, of Europe, ed. 1854, i. 126. 
 
 But perhaps no one has better described the author and 
 his poem than Washington Irving, in the article entitled 
 A Royal Poet, in the Sketch-Book. This admirable 
 sketch which was declared by Lockhart (Blackwood's 
 Mag., vL 559, Feb. 1820) to be "infinitely more graceful 
 than any piece of American writing that ever came from 
 any other hand, and well entitled to be classed with the 
 best English writings of our day" is, or ought to be, 
 familiar to all of our readers. 
 
 " I have been particularly interested," remarks Irving, after a 
 visit to the prince's former prison in Windsor Castle, "by those 
 parts of the poem which breathe his immediate thoughts concern 
 ing his situation, or which are connected with the apartment in 
 the Tower. They have thus a personal and local charm, and are 
 given with such circumstantial truth as to make the reader present 
 with the captive in his prison, and the companion of his medita 
 tions. ... As an amatory poem it is edifying, in these days of 
 coarser thinking, to notice the nature, refinement, and exquisite 
 delicacy which pervade it, banishing every gross thought or im 
 modest expression, and presenting female loveliness clothed in all 
 its chivalrous attributes of almost supernatural purity and grace." 
 Sketch-Book, ed. N. York, 1855, 109-110, 117. 
 
 It is declared that James was as ready with his sword 
 as with his pen, and equally so, we may add, with his feet, 
 voice, and fingers, for he could sing, dance, and play on 
 eight different instruments of music. The Scotch histo 
 rians can never say enough in his praise : 
 
 "Ita orator erat, ut ejus dictione nihil merit artificiosius : ita 
 
 Poeta, nt carmina non tarn arte strinxisse, quam natura spont 
 fudisse videretur. Cui rem fidem faciunt carmina diversi generii 
 quee in rhythmum Scotice illigavit, eo artificio," &c. BISHOP LEI 
 LEY: De Rebus Gest. Scot., ed. 1675, 4to, lib. vii. 257, 266, 267. 
 
 See also Hector Boetius's Scotorum Hist. ; other historic 
 of the period, and King James's Works; Pinkerton's An 
 cient Scottish Poems; Major de Gestes Scotorum; Ales 
 sandro Tassoni, Pensieri Diversi; Mackenzie's Lives 
 Irving's Lives of the Scottish Poets; Park's Walpole's B 
 and N. Authors; Geo. Chalmers's Poetic Remains of som 
 of the Scottish Kings, now first collected, 1824; Scoti 
 Rediviva; Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Emi 
 nent Scotsmen; Life in Rees's Cyc., by Dr. Burney 
 Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet.; Scott's Poet. Works, Al 
 bottsford edit., 1851, 542, 545; Prescott's Miscellanies, ec 
 1855, 282. 
 
 James II., King of Scotland, son of the preceding 
 was killed at the siege of Roxburgh, 1460, in the 29t 
 year of his age. Epistola ad Carolum VII. See D'Achery 
 Spicil., iii. 801. 
 
 James IV., King of Scotland, grandson of the pre 
 ceding, was killed at the battle of Flodden Field, 1513, age 
 40. He is said by Bishop Tanner (Bibliotheca) to hav 
 written upon the Apocalypse ; but this is doubtful. Se 
 Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors. 
 
 James V., King of Scotland, son of the preceding 
 d. 1542, in the 33d year of his age. To him are ascribe 
 Christis Kirk of the Grene, and the Gaberlunzie Man, (se 
 James I., ante.) These two were pub. by John Callandei 
 Edin., 1782, 8vo. See Park's R. and N. Authors; Pinkei 
 ton's Select Scottish Ballads; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes' 
 Bibl. Man. Christis Kirk of the Grene is a great favoui 
 ite with the Scotch : 
 
 " One likes no language hut the Faery Queen : 
 Or Scot will fight for Christ's Kirk o' the Green." 
 
 POPE: Imit. of Hor., lib. ii. ep. 1. 
 
 James VI. of Scotland and I. of England, 1566 
 1625, grandson of the preceding, and only child of Marj 
 Queen of Scots, by her cousin, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnlej 
 when only 18 years of age pub. a vol. entitled Essayes of 
 Prentice in the Divine Art of Poesie, with the Rewles an 
 Cau teles to be pursued and avoided, Edin., 1584, 4to. I 
 this vol. we have a mixture of poetry and prose, neithe 
 of much value. The latter gives the reader instruction 
 in the proper mode of making verse. This was reprinte 
 in Edin., 1814, sm. 4to, with a Prefatory Memoir by R. I 
 Gillies. A copy of the original ed. was sold at Bindley' 
 sale for 26 5. In 1591 appeared His Maiesties Poetical 
 Exercises at Vacant Houres, 4to, and other works followe 
 this collection. In 1616 (fol.) was given to the world a col 
 lective ed. of his prose compositions: 
 
 James I. his workes, pub. by the Bp. of Winchestei 
 Fine portrait by Passe, and frontispiece by Elstrack, foli< 
 Containing Paraphrase on Revelation, Meditations, Basi 
 licon Doron, Daemonology, Counterblast to Tobacco, Lai 
 of Free Monarchies, Powder Treason, Defence of th 
 Rights of Kings, Praemonition to Christian Monarch! 
 Speeches, <fce. 
 
 For an account of the separate publications of his ma 
 jesty, and works connected with his reign, we must refe 
 the reader to Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors ; Sir J. Harrington' 
 Nugae Antiquae; Arthur Wilson's Hist, of his Life an 
 Reign; the histories of the time; Decker's Entertainmeii 
 to K. James; Nichols's Progress of James I.; Times o 
 James L, 1848, 2 vols. 8vo; Disraeli's Literary Charactei 
 and Quarrels of Authors; Lon. Retrospec. Rev., xi. 88 
 Index to Blackw. Mag., vols. i.-l. Nor must we omit t 
 mention Secret Histories of the Court of James L, wit 
 Notes and Introduction by Sir W. Scott, 2 vols. 8v< 
 1811. CONTENTS : Osborne's Traditional Memoirs, Sir A 
 Weldon's Court and Character of James I., Aulicus Coqui 
 nariae, Sir E. Peyton's Divine Catastrophe of the Hous 
 of Stuart. 
 
 As an author his majesty certainly has not enjoyed th 
 same reputation since his death that he did in the mids 
 of his brilliant court. Horace Walpole not generally un 
 willing to find merit in noble pens dismisses his majesty' 
 literary claims with more wit than flattery : 
 
 "One remark I cannot avoid making: the king's speech is a 
 ways supposed by parliament to be the speech of the minister : hoi 
 cruel would it have been on King James's ministers, if that intei 
 pretation had prevailed in his reign ! . . . Bishop Montague tram 
 lated all his majesty's works into Latin: a man of so much patienc 
 was well worthy of favour." .R. and N. Authors, Park's ed., 
 115-116, 120. 
 
 As regards his theological abilities, an eminent authorit; 
 remarks : 
 
 "His character as a man unfortunately adds no weight to hi 
 
JAM 
 
 sentiments as an expositor; and his works would long ago have 
 been forgotten, had they not been the production of a royal author. 
 I ought not to omit his Majesty's poetical translation of the Psalms 
 of David ; a poor production from a scholar of Buchanan." Grime's 
 Bibl. Bib. 
 
 James II., King of England,1633-1701, second son 
 of the preceding, wrote an account of his life, which was 
 preserved in MSS. in the Scotch College at Paris until the 
 Revolution, and was subsequently destroyed. See CLARKE, 
 JAMES STANIER; INNES, Louis; INNES, THOMAS. The 
 Royal Tracts of James II. were pub. in Paris, 1692, Svo. 
 Some other productions were ascribed to his majesty. See 
 Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors; Lowndes's Bibl. 
 Man. ; Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Frankland's Annals of James I. 
 and Charles I., 1681, fol. ; C. J. Fox's Life of James II., 
 and other histories of the period ; Disraeli's Quarrels of 
 Authors ; Bp. Goodman's Hist, of hia Own Time. 
 
 James. Digest of the Laws of South Carolina, Co 
 lumbia, 1814, Svo. 
 
 "An imperfect book, not respected, and but little used." Orif- 
 fiWs Law Reg., 824. 
 
 James, Mrs. Vindic. of Ch. of England. 
 
 James, Capt. Charles, pub. some poems, legal, 
 political, and military works. Military Dictionary, Lon., 
 1802, 4to; 3d ed. 1811, 2 vols. 8vo; again, 1817, Svo. 
 
 James, David. Serms., 1780, 1804, both Svo. 
 
 James, Edward. Remarks on the Mines, Manage 
 ment, Ores, Ac. of the District of Guanaxuato, belonging 
 to the Anglo-Mexican Mining-Association, Lon., 1827. 
 Reviewed in Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxvi. 81-106. 
 
 James, Edwin. Expect, from Pittsburg to the 
 Rocky Mountains, 1819-20, under the command of Major 
 
 5. H. Long, U.S. T.E., Phila, 1823, 2 vols. 4to, and atlas; 
 Lon., 1823, 3 vols. Svo. Mr. James was botanist and 
 geologist to the Expedition, which is known as Major 
 Long's First Expedition. Reviewed in the North Amer. 
 Rev., xvi. 242-269, and in the Lon. Quar. Rev., xxix. 1-25. 
 For a notice of the Second Expedition, see KEATING, 
 WILLIAM H. 
 
 James, Edwin. B'krupt Act, 5 & 6 Viet., 1842, 12mo. 
 
 James, Elizabeth Mary. Select, from the Annals 
 of Virtue of Madame de Sillery, 1795, Svo. 
 
 James, Francis. Threnodia Henric. Exequiarum, 
 1612. See Wood's Fasti Oxon. 
 
 James, George Payne Rainsford, b. in London 
 about 1800, commenced his literary career at an early age 
 by anonymous contributions to the journals and reviews 
 which catered to the literary taste of " a discerning pub 
 lic." Some of these juvenile effusions fell under the 
 notice of Washington Irving, and this gentleman, with 
 his usual kindness of heart, encouraged the young author 
 to venture upon something of a more important character 
 than the fugitive essays which had hitherto employed his 
 pen. Thus strengthened in his literary proclivity, the 
 young aspirant nibbed his "gray-goose quill," commenced 
 author in earnest, and gave to the world in 1822 his first 
 work, a Life of Edward the Black Prince. Mr. James 
 now turned his attention to a field which had recently been 
 cultivated with eminent success, historical romance, 
 and completed in 1825 his novel of Richelieu, which, 
 having received the favourable verdict of Sir Walter Scott, 
 made its appearance in 1829. This was followed in the 
 next year by Darnley and De L'Orme. 
 
 Richelieu was so fortunate as to secure the favour of 
 the formidable Christopher North of Blackwood; but this 
 invaluable commendation was withheld from Darnley : 
 
 "Mr. Colburn has lately given us two books of a very different 
 character, Richelieu and Darnley. Richelieu is one of the most 
 spirited, amusing, and interesting romances I ever read; characters 
 well drawn incidents well managed story perpetually progressive 
 catastrophe at once natural and unexpected moral good, but 
 not goody and the whole felt, in every chapter, to be the work of 
 a Gentleman." ^Vocfes Ambrosianse, April, 1830; Blackw. Mag., 
 xxvii. 688, q. v. 
 
 From this time to the present (1858) Mr. James has 
 been no idler in the Republic of Letters, as the following 
 alphabetical list of his writings amply proves: 
 
 1. Adra, or The Peruvians; a Poem, 1 vol. 2. Agin- 
 court, 1844, 3 vols. 3. Agnes Sorrel, 1853, 3 vols. 4. 
 Arabella Stuart, 1853, 3 vols. 5. Arrah Neil, 1845. 3 vols. 
 
 6. Attila, 1837, 3 vols. 7. Beauchamp, 1848, 3 vols. 8. 
 Blanche of Navarre; a Play, 1839, 1 vol. 9. Book of the 
 Passions, 1838, 1 vol. 10. Cameralzaman ; a Fairy Drama, 
 1848, 1 vol. 11. Castelneau; or, The Ancient Regime, 
 1841, 3 vols. 12. Castle of Ehrenstein, 1847, 3 vols. 13. 
 Charles Tyrrell, 1839, 2 vols. 14. City of the Silent; a 
 Poem, 1 vol. 15. Commissioner; or, De Lunatico Inqui- 
 rendo, 1842, 1 vol. 16. Convict, 1847, 3 vols. 17. Corse 
 de Leon, the Brigand, 1841, 3 vols. 18. Dark Scenes of 
 
 950 
 
 JAM 
 
 History, 1849, 3 vols. 19. Darnley, 1830, 3 vols. 20. 
 Delaware, 3 vols. ; subsequently pub. under the title of 
 Thirty Years Since, 1848, 1 vol. 21. De L'Orme, 1830, 3 
 vols. 22. Desultory Man, 3 vols. 23. Educational In 
 stitutions of Germany, 1 vol. 24. Eva St. Clair, and other 
 Tales, 1843, 2 vols. 25. False Heir, 1843, 3 vols. 26. 
 Fate, 1851, 3 vols. 27. Fight of the Fiddlers, 1848, 1 vol. 
 28. Forest Days, 1843, 3 vols. 29. Forgery; or, Best In 
 tentions, 1848, 3 vols. 30. Gentleman of the Old School, 
 1839, 3 vols. 31. Gipsy, 1835, 3 vols. 32. Gowrie; or, 
 The King's Plot, 1 vol. 33. Heidelberg, 1846, 3 vols. 
 34. Henry Masterton, 1832, 3 vols. 35. Henry Smeaton, 
 1850, 3 vols. 36. Henry of Guise, 1839, 3 vols. 37. His 
 tory of Charlemagne, 1832, 1 vol. 38. History of Chivalry, 
 
 1 vol. 39. Hist, of Louis XIV., 1838, 4 vols. 40. Hist. 
 of Richard Coeur de Lion, 1841-42, 4 vols. 41. Huguenot, 
 1838, 3 vols. 42. Jacquerie, 1841, 3 vols. 43. John 
 Jones's Tales from English History, for Little John 
 Joneses, 1849, 2 vols. 44. John Marston Hall, 1834, 3 
 vols. ; subsequently pub. under the title of Little Ball o' 
 Fire, 1847, 1 vol. 45. King's Highway, 1840, 3 vols. 
 46. Last of the Fairies, 1847, 1 vol. 47. Life of Edward 
 the Black Prince, 1822, 2 vols. 48. Life of Henry IV. of 
 France, 1847, 3 vols. 49. Life of Vicissitudes, 1 vol. 50. 
 Man-at-Arms, 1840, 3 vols. 51. Margaret Graham, 1847, 
 
 2 vols. 52. Mary of Burgundy, 1833, 3 vols. 53. Me 
 moirs of Great Commanders, 1832, 3 vols. 54. Morley 
 Ernstein, 1842, 3 vols. 55. My Aunt Pontypool, 3 vols. 
 56. Old Dominion ; or, The Southampton Massacre, 1856, 
 
 3 vols. 57. Old Oak Chest, 3 vols. 58. One in a Thou 
 sand, 1835, 3 vols. 59. Pequinillo, 1852, 3 vols. 60. 
 Philip Augustus, 1831, 3 vols. 61. Prince Life, 1855, 1 
 vol. 62. Revenge, 1851, 3 vols. ; so styled by the book 
 seller, without the author's consent. It was originally 
 pub. in papers under a different name. 63. Richelieu, 
 1829, 3 vols. 64. Robber, 1838, 3 vols. 65. Rose D'Al- 
 bret, 1840, 3 vols. 66. Russell, 1847, 3 vols. 67. Sir 
 Theodore Broughton, 1847, 3 vols. 68. Smuggler, 1845, 
 3 vols. 69. Stepmother, 1846, 3 vols. 70. Story without 
 a Name, 1852, 1 vol. 71. String of Pearls, 1849, 2 vols. 
 72. Ticonderoga; or, The Black Eagle, 1854, 3 vols. 73. 
 Whim and its Consequences, 1847, 3 vols. 74. Woodman, 
 1847, 3 vols. 75. Lord Montagu's Page, Phila., 1 858, 12ino. 
 
 It will be seen that the above list presents a total of 189 
 vols., viz. : 51 works in 3 vols. each, 2 in 4 vols. each, 6 in 
 2 vols. each, and 16 in 1 vol. each. Almost all of these 
 vols. are of the post-octavo size. Mr. James is also the 
 editor of the Vernon Letters, illustrative of the times of 
 William III., 1841, 3 vols. Svo; and of Wm. Henry Ire 
 land's historical romance of David Rizzio, 1849, 3 vols. p. 
 Svo ; and was associated with Dr. E. E. Crowe in the Lives 
 of the Most Eminent Foreign Statesmen, 1832-38, 5 vols. 
 p. Svo, (4 vols. were Mr. James's, and 1 vol. Dr. Crowe's,) 
 and with Mr. Maunsell B. Field, in the composition of 
 Adrian, or The Clouds of the Mind, 1852, 2 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 To this list may be added Norfolk and Hereford, (in a 
 collection entitled Seven Tales by Seven Authors,) and 
 enough articles in various periodicals to fill eight or ten 
 volumes. Perhaps we should not omit to notice that a 
 work entitled A Brief History of the United States Bound 
 ary Question, drawn up from official papers, pub. in Lon 
 don, 1839, Svo, and ascribed to Mr. James, is not his pro 
 duction; nor had he any share (further than writing a 
 preface, or something of that kind) in another work often 
 credited to him, Memoirs of Celebrated Women, 1837, 2 
 vols. p. Svo. During the reign of William IV. the author 
 received the appointment of historiographer of Great 
 Britain ; but this post was resigned by him many years 
 since. 
 
 There have been new edits, of many of Mr. James's 
 novels, and some or all of them have appeared in Bentley's 
 Series of Standard Novels. There has been also a Parlour- 
 Library Edition. A collective edit, was pub. by Smith, 
 Elder & Co., commencing in June, 1844, and continued by 
 Parry, and by Simpkin, Marshall & Co. In America they 
 have been popular, and pub. in large quantities. 
 
 About 1850, Mr. James, with his family, removed per 
 manently to the United States. He was British Consul at 
 Richmond, Virginia, from 1852 to Sept. 1858, when he was 
 appointed Consul at Venice, where he now (1858) resides. 
 The space which we have occupied by a recital of the titles 
 only of Mr. James's volumes necessarily restricts the 
 quotation of criticisms upon the merits or demerits of their 
 contents. It has fallen to the lot of few authors to be so 
 much read, and at the same time so much abused, as the 
 owner of the fertile pen which claims the long list of 
 novels commencing with Richelieu in 1S29 and extending 
 
JAM 
 
 JAM 
 
 to Lord Montagu's Page in 1858. That there should be a 
 family likeness in this numerous race where so many, too, 
 are nearly of an age can be no matter of surprise. The 
 mind, like any other artisan, can only construct from 
 materials which lie within its range; and when no time is 
 allowed for the accumulation and renewal of these, it is 
 vain to hope that variety of architecture will conceal the 
 identity of substance. Yet, after all, the champion of this 
 popular author will probably argue that this objection 
 against the writings of Mr. James is greatly overstated 
 and extravagantly overestimated. The novelist can draw 
 only from the experience of human life in its different 
 phases, and these admit not of such variety as the inordi 
 nate appetite of the modern Athenians unreasonably de 
 mands. A new series of catastrophes and perplexities, of 
 mortifications and triumphs, of joys and sorrows, cannot 
 be evoked for the benefit of the reader of each new novel. 
 Again, Mr. James's admirer insists that this charge of 
 sameness so often urged against our novelist's writings 
 is perhaps overstated. Where one author, as is frequently 
 the case, gains the reputation of versatility of talent by 
 writing one or two volumes, it is not to be believed that 
 Mr. James exhibits less in one or two hundred. He who 
 composes a library is not to be judged by the same 
 standard as he who writes but one book. And eyen if 
 the charge of "sameness" be admitted to its full extent, 
 yet many will cordially concur with the grateful and 
 graceful acknowledgment of one of the most eminent of 
 modern critics: 
 
 " I hail every fresh publication of James, though I half know 
 what he is going to do with his lady, and his gentleman, and his 
 landscape, and his mystery, and his orthodoxy, and his criminal 
 trial. But I am charmed with the new amusement which he 
 brings out of old materials. I look on him as I look on a musician 
 famous for "variations." I am grateful for his vein of cheerful 
 ness, for bis singularly varied and vivid landscapes, for his power 
 of painting women at once ladylike and loving, (a rare talent,) for 
 making lovers to match, at once beautiful and well-bred, and for 
 the solace which all this has afforded me, sometimes over and over 
 again, in illness and in convalescence, when I required interest 
 without violence, and entertainment at once animated and mild." 
 LEIGH HUNT. 
 
 Two of the severest criticisms to which Mr. James's 
 novels have been subjected are, the one in the London 
 Athenaeum for April 11, 1846, and the one in the North 
 American Review (by E. P. Whipple) for April, 1844. 
 From each of these we quote a few lines : 
 
 "The first and most obvious contrivance for the attainment of 
 quantity is, of course, Dilution; but this recourse has practically 
 its limit, and Mr. James had reached it long ago. Commonplace 
 in its best day, any thing more feeble, vapid, sloppy, in fact, (for 
 we know not how to characterize this writer's style but by some 
 of its own elegancies,) than Mr. James's manner has become, it 
 were difficult to imagine. Every literary grace has been swamped 
 in the spreading marasmus of his style." Athenseum : ubi supra. 
 
 " He is a most scientific expositor of the fact that a man may be 
 a maker of books without being a maker of thoughts ; that he may 
 be the reputed author of a hundred volumes and flood the market 
 with his literary wares, and yet have very few ideas and principles 
 for his stock in trade. For the last ten years he has been repeating 
 his own repetitions and echoing his own echoes. His first novel 
 was a shot that went through the target, and he has ever since 
 been assiduously firing through the hole. . . . When a man has 
 little or nothing to say, he should say it in the smallest space. He 
 should not, at any rate, take up more room than suffices for a 
 creative mind. He should not provoke hostility and petulance by 
 the effrontery of his demands upon time and patience. He should 
 let us off with a few volumes, and gain our gratitude for his bene 
 volence, if not our praise for his talents." E. P. WHIHPLE: ubi 
 supra, and in his Essays and Reviews, ii. 116-137. 
 
 We have spoken of Mr. James's champions and ad 
 mirers ; and such are by no means fabulous personages, 
 notwithstanding the severe censures of which we have just 
 exhibited specimens. A brief quotation from one of these 
 eulogies will be another evidence added to the many in 
 this volume of a wide dissimilarity in critical opinions: 
 
 "His pen is prolific enough to keep the imagination constantly 
 nourished ; and of him, more than of any modern writer, it may 
 be said, that he has improved his style by the mere dint of constant 
 and abundant practice. For, although so agreeable a novelist, it 
 must not be forgotten that he stands infinitely higher as an histo 
 rian. . . . The most fantastic and beautiful coruscations which the 
 skies can exhibit to the eyes of mankind dart as if in play from 
 the huge volumes that roll out from the crater of the volcano. . . . 
 The recreation of an enlarged intellect is ever more valuable than 
 the highest efforts of a confined one. Hence we find in the works 
 before us, [Corse de Leon, The Ancient Regime, and The Jacquerie,] 
 lightly as they have been thrown off, the traces of study, the foot 
 steps of a powerful and vigorous understanding." Dublin Uni 
 versity Magazine, March, 1842. 
 
 The Edinburgh Review concludes some comments upon 
 our author with the remark, 
 
 "Our readers will perceive from these general observations that 
 we estimate Mr. James's abilities, as a romance-writer, highly : his 
 works are lively and interesting, and animated by a spirit of sound 
 and healthy morality in feeling, and of natural delineation in cha 
 
 racter, which, we think, will secure for them a calm popularity 
 which will last beyond the present day." 
 
 We have before us more than thirty (to be exact, just 
 thirty-two) commendatory notices of our author, but 
 brief extracts from two of these is all for which we can 
 find space. 
 
 "He belongs to the historical school of fiction, and, like the 
 masters of the art, takes up a real person or a real event, and, pur- 
 Buing the course of history, makes out the intentions of nature by 
 adding circumstances and heightening character, till, like a statue 
 in the hands of the sculptor, the whole is in fair proportion, truth 
 of sentiment, and character. For this he has high qualities, an 
 excellent taste, extensive knowledge of history, a right feeling of 
 the chivalrous, and a heroic and a ready eye for the picturesque : 
 his proprieties are admirable; his sympathy with whatever is high- 
 souled and noble is deep and impressive. His best works are 
 Richelieu and Mary of Burgundy." ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog. 
 and Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Tears, 1833. 
 
 The critic next to be quoted, whilst coinciding in the 
 objections prominently urged against Mr. James as an 
 author, repetition, tediousness, and deficiency of terse 
 ness, yet urges on his behalf that 
 
 "There is a constant appeal in his brilliant pages not only to the 
 pure and generous, but to the elevated and noble sentiments ; he ia 
 imbued with the very soul of chivalry ; and all his stories turn on 
 the final triumph of those who are influenced by such feelings 
 over such as are swayed by selfish or base desires. He possesses 
 great pictorial powers, and a remarkable facility of turning his 
 graphic pen at will to the delineation of the most distant and oppo 
 site scenes, manners, and social customs. ... Not a word or a 
 thought which can give pain to the purest heart ever escapes from 
 his pen; and the mind wearied with the cares and grieved at the 
 selfishness of the world reverts with pleasure to his varied com 
 positions, which carry it back, as it were, to former days, and 
 portray, perhaps in too brilliant colours, the ideas and manners 
 of the olden time." SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON: Hist, of Europe, 1815- 
 52, chap, v., 1853. See also Alison's Essays, 1850, iii. 545-546; 
 North British Review, Feb. 1857, art. on Modern Style. 
 
 James, Henry, D.D., Master of Queen's Coll., Camb. 
 
 1. Serm., Lon., 1674, 4to. 2. Serm., 1674, 4to. 
 James, Henry. Bank-Restriction Act, 1818. 
 James, Henry, of Albany, New York. 1. Moralism 
 
 and Christianity ; or, Man's Experience and Destiny, N. 
 York, 1850, 12mo. 2. Lectures and Miscellanies, 1852, 
 12mo. 3. The Church of Christ not an Ecclesiasticism, 
 
 1854. 4. The Nature of Evil Considered in a Letter ad 
 dressed to the Rev. Edward Beecher, D.D., author of The 
 Conflict of Ages, 1855, 12mo. See Putnam's Mag., 
 May, 1855, 545-547. 5. Christianity the Logic of Creation, 
 1857, 12mo. 
 
 " Henry James, of Albany, is the most argumentative and elo 
 quent advocate of new social principles in the country." H. T. 
 TCCKERMAN : Sketch of Amer. Lit. 
 
 James, Isaac. 1. Providence Displayed : Alex. Sel 
 kirk, Ac., Lon., 1800, 12mo. See DE FOE, DANIEL, p. 489. 
 
 2. Essay on the Sign of the Prophet Jonah, Bristol, 1802,8vo. 
 " Mr. James's Essay on Jonah has some attractions, though we 
 
 should not venture to recommend it for general adoption." British 
 Critic. 
 
 James, J. H. On Land and Building Societies, 
 Lon., 1854, 12mo. 
 
 "Mr. James has carefully executed the design of his work." 
 Legal Observer. 
 
 James, John. Trans, of Claude Perrault's Treat, on 
 the Five Orders of Architecture, Lon., 1708, fol. 
 
 James, John. Serms., 1678, '82, both 4to. 
 
 James, John. 1. Trans, of Pozzo's Perspective, Lon., 
 1707, fol. 2. Trans of Le Blond's Gardening, 1712, 4to. 
 
 James, John. Survey and Demand for Dilapida 
 tions in the See of Canterbury, Ac., Lon., 1717, 4to. 
 
 James, John. Anatomico-Chirurgical Views of the 
 Nose, Mouth, Larynx, and Fauces, 1809, fol. 
 
 James, John, of Penmaen. Serm., 1815, 8vo. 
 
 James, John, D.D., Dean of Peterborough. 1. Com 
 ment, on the Collects, Ac. ; 2d ed., Lon., 1826, 8vo. 2. 
 Comment, on the Ordination Service, 1846, 12mo. Other 
 works. 
 
 James, John Angell,b. 1785, an Independent minis 
 ter of Birmingham, one of the most popular and useful 
 writers of the day. 1. Anxious Inquirer after Salvation. 
 Many edits. ; last edit., 1849, 18mo, fp. 8vo, and 32mo. 2. 
 Christian Charity Explained; 6th ed., 1850, 12mo. 3. Chris 
 tian's Daily Treasury, 12mo. 4. Christian Father's Present ; 
 13th ed., 1841, 12mo. 5. Christian Fellowship; llth ed., 
 
 1855, 12mo. 6. Christian Professor Addressed; 5th ed., 
 1852, 12mo. 7. Christian Progress, 1853, 18mo: a sequel 
 to No. 1. 8. Church in Earnest; 4th ed., 1851, 12mo. 9. 
 Course of Faith, 1852, 18mo. 10. Earnest Ministry the 
 Want of the Times; 6th ed., 1855, 12mo. 11. Elizabeth 
 Bates, 1845, 32mo. 12. Family Monitor; 9th ed., 1848, 
 12mo. 13. Female Piety ; or, The Young Woman's Friend 
 and Guide; 4th ed., 1855, 12mo. 14. Flower Faded, 18mo. 
 
 15. Happiness : its Nature and Sources described, Ac., 32mo. 
 
 16. Jubilee Scenes at Birmingham, 1855, fp. 17. Memoirs 
 
JAM 
 
 JAM 
 
 of Mrs. James, 12mo. 18. Olive-Branch and the Cross, 
 1850, 12mo. 19. Pastoral Addresses, 1840, '42, Ac., 3 
 series. New ed., 1846, 3 vols. 12ino. 20. Protestant Non 
 conformity in Birmingham, 1849, 12mo. 21. Serm. on Ps. 
 cxlvii. 11 ; 2d ed., 1819, 8vo. 22. Sunday-school Teacher's 
 Guide; 17th ed., 1845, 18mo. 23. True Christian, 18mo. 
 24. Widow directed to the Widow's God ; 6th thousand, 1849, 
 18mo. 25. Young Man's Friend and Guide, 2d ed., 1852, 
 12mo. See No. 13. 26. Young Man from Home, 1839, 18mo. 
 27. Christian Hope, 1858, 16mo. An account of this popular 
 preacher and author will be found in Pen-Pictures of Popu 
 lar English Preachers, Lon., 1853, 274-288. See also 
 Eclec. Rev., 4th series, ii. 538; Blackw. Mag., xlv. 484; 
 N. Haven Chris. Month. Spec., ix. 428, (by R. Bobbins;) 
 N. York Lit. and Theol. Rev., i. 595, (by W. B. Sprague.) 
 
 James, John Thomas, D.D., 1786-1829, educated 
 at Christ Church, Oxford; Bishop of Calcutta, 1827. 1. 
 Journal of Travels in Germany, Sweden, Russia, Poland, 
 Ac. in 1813-14, Lon., 1816, 4to, with plates. A valuable 
 work. 2. Views in Russia, Poland, Germany, and Swe 
 den. Should accompany No. 1. 3. The Flemish, Dutch, 
 and German Schools of Painting, 1822, 8vo. See Memoirs 
 of Bishop James, 1830, 8vo. 
 
 James, L. Letters relating to the College of Physi 
 cians, Lon., 1688, 4to. 
 
 James, Maria, b. in Wales about 1795, emigrated to 
 America in her seventh year, and since the age of ten has 
 lived at service with a number of families, whose regard 
 she has secured by the excellence of her deportment and 
 her intellectual abilities. In 1833 some of her compositions 
 fell into the hands of Professor Alonzo Potter, D.D., of 
 Union College, now the esteemed Bishop of the Protestant 
 Episcopal Church in the State of Pennsylvania, and in 
 1839 he introduced a collection of them to the public under 
 the title of Wales, and other Poems, by Maria James. 
 Some specimens of Miss James's poetry will be found in 
 Griswold's Female Poets of America. 
 
 James, Marian. 1. Ethel ; or, the Double Error, N. 
 York, 1855, 16mo. 2. The Elder Sister, 1856, 16mo. 
 
 James, Marmaduke. Serm., 1659, 4to. 
 
 James, Richard, 1592-1638, a native of Newport, 
 Isle of Wight, educated at Exeter and Corpus Christ! 
 Colleges, Oxford, pub. a number of sermons, Ac., 1625-33, 
 and left many MS. pieces. This learned critic and anti 
 quary was a nephew of Thomas James, D.D., Sub-dean 
 of Wells. See Athen. Oxon. ; Biog. Brit., Supp. ; Bp. Nicol- 
 son's Hist. Lib.; Lon. Gent. Mag., xxxvii. 336. 
 
 James, Robert, M.D., 1703-1776, the inventor of 
 the celebrated Fever Powder, was a native of Stafford 
 shire, and educated at St. John's College, Oxford. His 
 best-known work is A Medicinal Dictionary, Lon., 1743- 
 45, 3 vols. fol. His Vindication of the Fever Powder was 
 not pub. until after his death. See Chalmers's Biog. 
 Diet. ; Boswell's Life of Johnson. Dr. Johnson, who al 
 ways had a propensity for dabbling in physic, furnished 
 some of the articles for the Medicinal Dictionary, and ob- 
 eved of Dr. James, "No man brings more mind to his 
 profession." 
 
 Joiinson also wrote the Dedication (and nothing of his 
 is more truly "Johnsonese,") to Dr. Mead. 
 
 James, S. Guide to English Tongue, Lon., 1799. 
 
 James, Samuel. Gracious Dealings of God with 
 several Christians, Lon., 1761. 
 
 James, Samuel. Willow Bark in the cure of Agues, 
 Ac., Lon., 1792, 8vo. 
 
 James, Silas. Voyage to Arabia, Ac., Lon., 1797. 
 
 James, T. Horton. Six Months in South Australia, 
 Port Philip, Ac., Lon., 1839, 8vo. 
 
 James, Thomas, D.D., 1571P-1629, a native of 
 Newport, Isle of Wight, educated at and Fellow of (1593) 
 New College, Oxford; appointed Keeper (the first one) of 
 the Bodleian Library, 1602; resigned this post in 1620; 
 Sub-dean of Wells, 1614, and subsequently Rector of 
 Mongeham, Kent. His best-known work is A Treatise of 
 the Corruption of Scriptures, Councils, and Fathers, by 
 the Prelates, Pastors, and Pillars of the Church of Rome, 
 for Maintenance of Popery and Irreligion, Lon., 1612, 4to ; 
 1J88, 8voj edited b y Rev - J- E. Cox, 1843, 8vo. A new 
 ed. of his Bellum Papale (first ed., 1600, 4to, again, 1678, 
 8vo) was pub. in 1841, 12mo. We have already noticed 
 his Catalogue of the Bodleian Library in the Life of Sir 
 Thomas Bodley. Dr. James was one of the most learned 
 critics of his day. See Athen. Oxon. ; Biog. Brit., Supp 
 Genl. Diet.; Usher's Life and Letters ; Oldys's Librarian ' 
 Home's Introduc. to the Scrip. 
 
 James, Capt. Thomas. Dangerous Voyage for 
 discovering the northwest passage to the South Sea, Lon., 
 
 1633, 4to, 1740, 8vo. Also in Churchill's Voyage?, ii p. 
 479, 1703; in Coxe's Voyages, i. 1741; and in Harris'a 
 Collection, vol. ii. It is a valuable work to the collector 
 of Arctic Voyages, and has brought as much as 6. 
 
 " His narrative contains some remarkable physical observations 
 on the cold and ice ; but no hint of any discovery of importance." 
 Stevenson's Voyages and Travels. 
 
 James, Lt.-Col. Thomas, R. Artillery. The 
 Hist, of the Herculean Straits, now called the Straits of 
 Gibraltar, Lon., 1771, 2 vols. r. 4to. The 2d vol. contains 
 detailed accounts of several sieges and successful defences 
 of Gibraltar previous to the last great siege which it sus 
 tained. 
 
 James, Thomas, d. 1804, Head-Master of Rugby 
 School, 1776-93, pub. a Compend. of Geography for Rugby 
 School, two serins., and the Fifth Book of Euclid explained, 
 by Algebra. 
 
 James, Thomas, Vicar of Sibbertoft and Thedding- 
 worth. 1. The Fables of JSsop ; a new version, chiefly from 
 the Original Greek, Lon., 1847, p. 8vo. With upwards 
 oMOOillust, by Tenniel. 
 
 "Remarkable for the clearness and conciseness with which each 
 tale is narrated." Lon. Examiner. 
 
 This new trans, is intended to take the place of the de 
 fective ones of Croxall, Baldwin, L'Estrange, Ac. The 
 illustrations add greatly to the value of the work. 
 
 " Nothing has been seen like them since Bewick." 
 
 2. JEsop for the Million ; 38th thousand, 1858, p. 8vo. 
 3. The Book of Common Prayer, Ac., edited with Notes 
 and Illustrations. 
 
 "It is impossible to speak too highly of the exceeding beauty of 
 this work." Cambridge Chronicle. 
 
 James, Thomas C., M.D., 1766-1835, an eminent 
 physician, a native of Philadelphia, Penn., graduated as a 
 student of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in 
 1788, and in 1811 was appointed Professor of Midwifery 
 in the same institution. He practised his profession in 
 his native city with great success until his death. Dr. 
 James was an accomplished scholar, and contributed to the 
 Philadelphia Port-Folio, under the signature of P. D., trans 
 lations in verse of the Idyls of Gessner, which were highly 
 commended. See Willianis's Amer. Med. Biog. ; Phila. 
 Casket, March, 1830; Amer. Med. Jour., (art. by Hugh L. 
 Hodge, M.D.,) July, 1843. 
 
 James, W., and Mole, A. 1. English and French 
 Dictionary, Lon., 1851, 12mo; 2d ed., 1852, sq., Leipzig, 
 1853, 12mo. Commended. 
 
 2. JAMES, W., and Grassi, G. English and Italian 
 Dictionary, 1855, 12mo. 3. Diet, of English and German, 
 1856, sq. 
 
 James, Wm., D.D. Serms., 1578, '90. 
 
 James, Wm. Isagoge in Linguam Chaldaeam, Lon., 
 1651, 8vo. 
 
 James, Wm., of Clyro. Serm., Oxon., 1729, 8vo. 
 
 James, Wm. Law on Denford Question, 1813, 8vo. 
 
 James, Wm., d. 1827. 1. Military Occurrences of 
 the Late War between G. Britain and the U. States, Lon., 
 1817, 8vo ; 1818, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Naval Hist, of G. Britain, 
 1793-1820, 5 vols. 8vo, and 2 4to atlases of Tables, 1822; 
 2d ed., with addits., 1826, 6 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., with addit. 
 notes and continuation by Capt. Chamier, 1847, 6 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "This book is one of which it is not too high praise to assert, 
 that it approaches as nearly to perfection, in its own line, as any 
 historical work perhaps ever did; and we must acknowledge that 
 we cannot contemplate without admiration the impartial and un 
 wearied zeal for historical truth which alone could have supported 
 the author through his tedious and thankless labours." Win. Rev. 
 
 Highly commended by other authorities. 
 
 " MR. TICKLER. ' A Naval History is a very good thing, if written 
 by a competent person, which James is not, although the man has 
 some merit as a chronicler. But the very idea of criticising in de 
 tail every action, just as you would criticise a volume of poems, is 
 not a little absurd. Southey's Life of Nelson is good.' 
 
 "NORTH. 'Excellent. Look at James's History after reading 
 that admirable Manual, and you will get sick.' " Noctes Ambros., 
 Blackw. Mag., April, 1824, 382. 
 
 "James's Naval History we love to carry our head high even 
 in sleep we uso as a pile of pillows on Clerk of Eldin's book about 
 breaking the Line, (an old achievement,) which has been our bol 
 ster.' JOHN WILSON: Blackw. Mag., Aug. 1831, 248. 
 
 " By far the best historian of the Navy is, like ourselves, a lands 
 man, Mr. James. His work is an inestimable one." Blackw. Mag., 
 June, 1827, 737. 
 
 " James, in his excellent Naval History," &c.Ibid., July, 1833, 21. 
 
 See also Lon. Lit. Gaz.; Lon. Atlas; Goodhugh's E. G. 
 Lib. Man., 52. 
 
 "James's Naval History has already issued from the press in 
 monthly numbers, at five shillings." SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON : Copy 
 right Question in Blackw. Mag., Jan. 1842, and in his Essays, 1850, 
 ii. 445. 
 
 Within the last few weeks (i.e. in Jan. 1857) a new ed. 
 of James's Naval History has been announced, in 6 vols. 
 8vo, 7s. per vol. 
 
JAM 
 
 JAM 
 
 James, Wm. Bosville. Wine-Duties considered 
 Financially and Socially: being a Reply to Sir James 
 Emerson Tennent on Wine, its Taxation and Use, Lon., 
 1856, 8vo, pp. 204. 
 
 Jameson. A Grit, and Prac. Expos, of the Penta 
 teuch, Lon., 1748, fol. Pub. in numbers. 
 
 " Compiled with considerable industry from the labours of the 
 best interpreters, antient and modern." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 "Some of the notes are good; but others are trifling. The work 
 has never enjoyed much reputation." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Jameson, Mrs. Anna, a daughter of Mr. Murphy, 
 late painter-in-ordinary to the Princess Charlotte, was j 
 married about 1824 to Mr. Jameson, who has for many 
 years held an official appointment in Canada. This union 
 "proved less fortunate in its issues than in its promises, 
 and has long been practically, though not legally, dis 
 solved." The works of this lady have long enjoyed an 
 extensive popularity, and few writers of the age have 
 done so much to refine the public taste and diffuse a know 
 ledge of the great masters of art. 1. The Diary of an 
 Ennuye"e, written during a Tour in Italy, Lon., 1826, sm. 
 8vo. Anonymous. 2d ed., 1834, p. 8vo. Pub. at the same 
 time with Visits and Sketches at Home and Abroad, 2 
 vols. p. 8vo, and a number of Mrs. Jameson's Tales and 
 Miscellanies contributed to various annuals, now first 
 collected, 1 vol. p. 8vo. 3d ed. of The Diary of an En- 
 nuye"e, 1838, p. 8vo. 
 
 "Nor could we give a better instance of real description and 
 opinions interwoven with a romance though in no way needing 
 this fictitious interest than another established favourite, Mrs. 
 Jameson's Diary of an Ennuyee." Miss RIGBY : Lady Travellers ; 
 Lon. Quar. Rev., June, 1845. 
 
 " A happy combination of thought and actual observation, the 
 effect of which is as if Sterne had united his Sentimental Journey 
 with the matter-of-fact details of a topographical guide-book." 
 Lon. New Month. Mag. 
 
 " The notices of authors and artists are copious and interesting." 
 Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 See also Edin. Rev., Ix. 197; Lon. Month. Rev., cix. 414. 
 
 2. Loves of the Poets, 1829, 2 vols. p. 8vo ; 3d ed., 1837, 
 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " These volumes are replete with the beautiful and unknown." 
 Westminster Rev. 
 
 Also highly commended by The Athenaeum; Blackw. 
 Mag., xxvi. 524, (by Prof. Wilson;) The Literary Gazette; 
 the Atlas, &c. See Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, ed. 
 1854, iii. 40, n. Lon. Month. Rev., cxx. 17; Amer. Month. 
 Rev., iii. 384. 
 
 3. Lives of Celebrated Female Sovereigns, 1831, 2 vols. 
 Svo ; 3d ed., 1840, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " A work equally agreeable to old or young could hardly be pro 
 duced." Lon. Lit. Gaz. 
 
 4. Characteristics of Women : Moral, Poetical, and His 
 torical, 1832, 2 vols. Svo ; 4th ed., 1846, 2 vols. p. Svo. 
 New lib. ed., 1858, 2 vols. Svo. In these vols. we have dis 
 quisitions on the female characters of Shakspeare's plays. 
 
 "Two truly delightful volumes." CHRISTOPBER NORTH: Noctes 
 Ambrosianse, Nov. 1832. 
 
 " Mrs. Jameson's Essays on the Female Characters of Shakspeare 
 are among the best. It was right that this province of illustration 
 should be reserved for a woman's hand." Hallam's Lit. Hist, of 
 Europe, ed. 1854, iii. 94. 
 
 " Mrs. Jameson's volume on the Female Characters is a most elo 
 quent and passionate representation of Shakspeare's women, and in 
 many respects is an important contribution to critical literature. 
 Its defects are so covered up in the brilliancy and buoyancy of its 
 style, that they are likely to escape notice." Whipple's Essays and 
 Reviews, ii. 223, q. v.; also in N. Amer. Rev., July, 1848. 
 
 See also Edin. Rev., Ix. 90 ; Lon. Month. Rev., texxviii. 
 601; Amer. Month. Rev., iii. 478; Blackw. Mag., xxx. 
 841; xxxii. 859; xxxiii. 124, 143, 391, 539; xxxvi. 358, 
 363, 364; xl. 434, 435; xliv. 23; xlviii. 77. 
 
 5. Beauties of the Court of Charles II., 1833, 2 vols. r. 
 4to, 5 5*. ; large paper, 10 10. ; 2 vols. imp. Svo, 2 5s. ; 
 2d ed., 1851, imp. Svo ; 21 portraits after Sir Peter Lely, &c. 
 
 "This truly beautiful and splendid production is equally a gem 
 among the Fine Arts and in Literature. Mrs. Jameson's diligence 
 of research her charms of style the acuteness, force, and justice 
 of her remarks her characteristic touches the racy and piquant 
 manner with which she relates an anecdote are too well known to 
 require eulogy from us." Court Journal. 
 
 "The accompanying Memoirs are so many specimens of exquisite 
 compositions of rare excellence and high value." ion. New Month. 
 
 T Visits and Sketches at Home and Abroad, 1834, 2 
 vols. p. Svo; 3d ed., 1840, 2 vols. p. Svo. See No. 1. 
 Highly commended in The Athenaeum for 1834, 489, 515- 
 516, 547-548. See Edin. Rev., Ix. 197. 
 
 7. Tales and Miscellanies, now first collected. See No. 
 1. 8. Winter Studies and Summer Rambles in Canada, 
 1838, 3 vols. p. Svo. 
 
 "I do not know a writer whose works breathe more of the spon 
 taneous, the free. Beauty and truth seem to come to her un- 
 Bought." DR. W. E. CHANNINO. See his Memoirs. 
 
 See also Brit, and For. Rev., viii. 134. In 1852 was 
 
 pub., in Longman's Travellers' Library, Mrs. Jameson's 
 Sketches in Canada, 16mo, in 2 Pts., and also in 1 vol. 
 9. Pictures of the Social Life of Germany, as represented 
 in the Dramas of the Princess Amelia of Saxony, 1840, p. 
 8vo. Mrs. Jameson has enriched her translation by an 
 introduction and notes to each drama. 10. Rubens: his 
 Life and Genius ; trans, from the German of Dr. Waagen, 
 with an Introduction by Mrs. Jameson, 1840, sq. Svo. 
 
 "There is scarcely a gallery or nobleman's seat in Britain but 
 boasts some specimens of Rubens; and no work that Dr. Waagen 
 could have written is more likely to win him English readers than 
 the present, which Mrs. Jameson has edited and furnished with a 
 very clever and discriminatory preface." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 11. Handbook to the Public Galleries of Art in and 
 near London, 1842, 2 vols. p. Svo; 2d ed., 1845, fp. Svo. 
 This Handbook is a guide to the following collections : 
 1. The National Gallery. 2. Windsor Castle. 3. Hamp 
 ton Court. 4. Dulwich Gallery. 5. Soane's Museum. 6. 
 Barry's Pictures. 
 
 " Mrs. Jameson has indulged in less of dissertation than we could 
 have thought possible ; producing, instead, a Guide-Book of singular 
 unity, clearness, and value." Lon. Athenseum. 
 
 "Completed in a very excellent manner; and no equal guide 
 could be found." Lon. Lit. Gaz. 
 
 12. Companion to Private Galleries of Art in London, 
 
 1844, p. Svo. This vol. is a guide to the following collec 
 tions: 1. Buckingham Palace. 2. Bridgewater. 3. Su 
 therland. 4. Grosvenor. 5. Lansdowne. 6. Sir Robert 
 Peel's. 7. Saml. Roger's. 
 
 " Pleasant to read, useful to consult, and valuable as a vade-me 
 cum to the visitor." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 The Athenaeum also speaks in high terms of this work. 
 
 13. Memoirs of the Early Italian Painters, and of the 
 Progress of Painting in Italy, from Cimabue to Bassano, 
 
 1845, 2 vols. 18mo. This useful work comprises upwards 
 of 30 biographies. 14. Memoirs and Essays on Art, Litera 
 ture, and Social Morals, 1846, p. 8vo. An extract from 
 this work, entitled On the Relation of Mothers and Gover 
 nesses, was pub. in 1848, Svo. 15. Sacred and Legendary 
 Art, 1848, 2 vols. Svo ; 3d ed., 1857, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " Mrs. Jameson's work would deserve a high place regarded only 
 as a book of antiquarian inquiry. "With admirable taste and judg 
 ment, both of pen and pencil, she has opened a curious branch of 
 learning wellnigh forgotten among us, the vestiges of which, 
 nevertheless, surround us on every side." Edin. Rev., April, 1849. 
 
 Also highly commended by Blackw. Mag.; Lon. Gent. 
 Mag. ; Athenaeum ; Fraser's Mag. ; Church of England 
 Quar. Rev.; Church and State Gaz.; Christian Remeinb. ; 
 Guardian; Examiner; Britannia; Lit. Gaz.; John Bull; 
 Spectator. 
 
 Nos. 16 and 17 are a continuation of a series of which 
 No. 15 is the first. 16. Legends of the Monastic Orders 
 as represented in the Fine Arts, 1850, med. Svo. See No. 15. 
 17. Legends of the Madonna, 1852, Svo; 2d ed., 1857, Svo. 
 See No. 15. Respecting Nos. 15. 16, 17, see Mod. Light Lit,, 
 art. in Blackw. Mag., Dec. 1855. 18. A Commonplace- 
 Book of Thoughts, Memories, and Fancies, Original and 
 Selected: Pt. 1. Ethics and Character; Pt. 2. Literature 
 and Art, 1854, sq. cr. Svo. This work was favourably re 
 viewed in the Lon. New Monthly Mag. for Feb. 1855, 
 and in the Irish Quarterly Rev. for March, 1855, but met 
 with less favour in The Athenaeum for Nov. 18, 1S54. 19. 
 Sisters of Charity, Catholic and Protestant, at Home and 
 Abroad ; a Lecture delivered Feb. 14, 1855, 1855, fp. Svo. 
 Praised by The Athenaeum, (1855, 399-400,) and, with 
 qualifications, by The Spectator. 20. The Communion of 
 Labour: a Second Lecture on the Social Employments of 
 Women, 1856, fp. 8vo. This forms a sequel to No. 19. 
 
 "Altogether, Mrs. Jameson's little volume is one for serious 
 notice : it is a grave, reflective, almost a saddening, book, abounding 
 in utterances of the most genial humanity." Athenteum, 1856, 1164. 
 
 An interesting review of Mrs. Jameson's writings (from 
 the New Monthly Magazine) will be found in the Living 
 Age, xl. 147-152. 
 
 We have quoted quite a number of opinions on this 
 lady's writings, but many more which lie before us are 
 excluded by want of space. The cordial eulogy of Chris 
 topher North, who several times introduces Mrs. Jameson 
 into the Noctes Ambrosianee, must not be omitted: 
 
 "One of the most eloquent of our female writers; full of feeling 
 and fancy ; a true enthusiast, with a glowing soul." Nov. 1831. 
 
 See also his review of the Loves of the Poets, in Blackw. 
 Mag., xxvi. 524 ; reprinted in Wilson's Works, Edin. and 
 Lon., 1856, v. 269-297. 
 
 Jameson, R. 1. The Student of Salamanca ; a Com., 
 1813. 2. A Touch at the Times ; a Com., 1813. 
 
 Jameson, R. G. New Zealand, South Australia, 
 and New S. Wales, Lon., 1841, p. Svo. 
 
 "Mr. Jameson is an intelligent and unprejudiced observer, and 
 has made good use of his faculties." ion. Spectator. 
 
 Also recommended by the Lon. Globe. 
 
JAM 
 
 JAN 
 
 Jameson, R. S., of Lincoln's Inn. 1. Walker's and 
 Johnson's Dictionaries Combined, 1828; 7th ed., 1856, 
 Svo, pp. 832. See Introduc. to Webster's Dictionary. 2. 
 Reports. See GLYN, THOMAS C. 
 
 Jameson, R. W. 1. Nimrod; a Dramatic Poem, 
 Lon., 12mo. 2. Timoleon; a Tragedy, 1852, Svo. 3. The 
 Curse of Gold, 1854, 12mo; 2d ed., 1855, 12mo. 
 
 "The plot is a violation of reason, probability, and common 
 sense." Lon. Athenetum. 1855, 16. 
 
 Jameson, Robert, 1773-1854, a native of Leith, 
 Regius Professor of Natural History in the University of 
 Edinburgh from 1804 until his death ; pub. several valu 
 able works, among which are 1. Mineralogy of the Shet 
 land Islands and of Arran, Edin., 1798, 8vo. 2. Mine 
 ralogy of the Scottish Isles, 1800, 2 vols. 4to; 1813, 2 vols. 
 4to. 3. External Characters of Minerals, 1805, Svo; 3d 
 ed., 1817, 8vo. 4. System of Mineralogy, 1804-08, 3 vols. 
 Svo; 1816, 3 vols. Svo; 1820, 3 vols. 8vo. 5. Manual of 
 Mineralogy, 1821, 8vo. 6. Elements of Mineralogy, 1840, 
 p. 8vo. In 1819, in conjunction with Sir David Brewster, 
 Prof. J. commenced the publication of the Edinburgh 
 Philos. Jour., and was editorially connected with this 
 periodical until his death. He also contributed articles to 
 the Encyc., Brit, the Edin. Cyc., the Trans, of the Wer- 
 nerian Soc., (founded by Prof. J.,) Nic. Jour., and Thorn. 
 Ann. Philos. See Lon. Gent Mag., June, 1854; Blackw. 
 Mag., ii. 20 ; vii. 331 ; xii. 45 ; xxiii. 860. 
 
 Jameson, Robert F. Historical Tales of the Re 
 formation in the Southwest Provinces of France and 
 Navarre, Lon., 1839, 12mo. 
 
 Jameson, Thomas. Medical treatises, 1789-92. 
 
 Jameson, Thomas, M.D. Med, treatises, Ac., 1792- 
 1811. 
 
 Jameson, Wm., Prof, of Hist, in the Univ. of Glas 
 gow. Spicilegia Antiquitatum Egypti atque ei Vicimarum 
 Gentium, Glasg., 1720, 8vo. 
 
 "This work contains occasional illustrations of the Scriptures, 
 and discovers considerable acquaintance with ancient literature, 
 and with the geography of Palestine and Egypt." Orme'g Bill. Bib. 
 
 Jameson pub. several theolog. treatises, 1689-1713. 
 
 Jameson, Wm. Essay on Virtue and Harmony, 
 Edin., 1749, 12mo. This is an attempt to reconcile the 
 various theories of moral obligation. 
 
 Jamieson, Mrs., pub. several novels, books of travels, 
 and histories, and The First, or Mother's Dictionary, the 
 8th ed. of which appeared in 1851, 18mo. 
 
 Jamieson, Alexander. Mechanics for Practical 
 Men; 4th ed., Lon., 1845, 8vo; 1850, 8vo. 
 
 "A great mechanical treasure." DR. BIBKBECK. 
 
 Other works on mathematics, geography, history, logic, 
 rhetoric, and tales. 
 
 Jamieson, James. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1731-36. 
 
 Jamieson, John, D.D., 1759-1838, a native of Glas 
 gow, minister of the Anti-Burgher Secession Church in 
 Scotland, stationed at Forfar, 17&1-97 ; at Edinburgh, 
 1797-1838. His best-known works are the following: 1. 
 Serms. on the Heart, Edin., 1789-90, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "Very powerful and searching Sermons on this subject." 
 Bicker steals C. & 
 
 2. A Vindic. of the Doct of Scripture and of the Primi 
 tive Faith cone, the Deity of Christ, Lon., 1794, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "A very able and learned reply to Priestley's History of Early 
 Opinions." Bicker stetk's C. & 
 
 "I am inclined to think the inquirer will find more satisfaction 
 in Dr. Jamieson than in Bishop Horsley." Orme's BM. Bib. 
 
 3. Use of Sacred History, 1802, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "Very important, and calculated to be very useful." Orme's 
 Bill. Bib. 
 
 4. Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language, 
 Edin., 1808-09, 2 vols. 4to, 4 4*. Abridged edit, 1818, 
 8vo, 14. Supp. to the large edit, 1825, 2 vols. 4to, 
 making in all 4 vols. 4to, 1808-09, '25; 2d ed., enlarged, 
 including Supp., edited by John Johnstone, Lon., 1840-44, 
 8 Parts in 4 vols. 4to. Parts 1-4 comprise a new ed. of the 
 Dictionary; Parts 5-8 a new ed. of the Supp. Only 350 
 copies were pub., at 8 8*. Abridged, 1846, Svo, 1 !.; 
 1850, Svo, 12*. This is one of the most valuable lexico 
 graphical works ever issued. The erudition, patience, 
 and industry of the author are beyond praise : his accu 
 racy, however, is not always beyond question. But who 
 is to decide where there must be so much of mere conjec 
 ture? We may be allowed to suggest that the philologist 
 should secure, as a companion for Jamieson's Dictionary, 
 Dictionarium Scoto-Celticum, pub. by The Highland So 
 ciety, 1825, 2 vols. 4to, 7 7.; large paper, 10 10*.; con 
 densed edit, with additional words, 1 1. This excellent 
 work, on which Drs. McLeod and Dewar expended much 
 labour, is for the Gaelic (or Celtic dialect of Scotland) 
 what Dr. Jamieson's is for the pure Scottish. A review 
 of the last-named work will be found in Edin. Rev., xiv. 
 
 121-145. 5. Hermes Scythiseus : or, The Radical Affinities 
 of the Greek and Latin Languages to the Gothic. 1814, 
 8vo. Dr. Noah Webster (see the Introduc. to his Diction 
 ary) thinks Jamieson in error in several positions advanced 
 in this and the preceding work. 6. Hist. Account of the 
 Ancient Culdees of lona, Edin., 1811, 4to. 7. Grammar 
 of Rhetoric and Polite Literature, 1818, 12mo. Dr. J. 
 pub. a number of single serms., some poems, <tc. See 
 Watt's Bibl. Brit; Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet 
 of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, vol. v. ; Lon. Gent Mag., 
 Oct. 1838. 
 
 Jamieson, Robert. Popular Ballads and Songs 
 from Tradition, MSS., and Scarce Edits., Edin, 1S06, 2 
 vols. Svo. 
 
 "This work .... opened a new discovery respecting the ori 
 ginal source of the Scottish Ballads. . . . Mr. Jamieson's annota 
 tions are also very valuable." Sin WALTER SCOTT: Introduc. Re 
 marks an Popular Poetry. 
 
 Jamieson, Robert, minister of Currie. 1. Manners 
 and Trials of the Primitive Christians; 2d ed., Lon., 1841, 
 fp. Svo. Highly praised. 2. Eastern Manners illustra 
 tive of the Old Test Hist., Edin., 1836, ISino; new ed., 
 Lon., 1843, ISmo: 3. Of the Gospels, 1837, 18mo; Edin., 
 1838, 18mo: 4. Of the Epistles, 1841, ISmo: 3d ed. of 
 Eastern Manners illust of the N. Test Hist., 1851, 12mo. 
 
 5. Third ed. of Prof. Geo. Paxton's Illust of Scrip, from 
 the Geography, Natural Hist., and Manners and Customs 
 of the East, 1842, 4 vols. 12mo. Mr. J. also edited The 
 Excitement, or A Book to induce Young People to Read; 
 an annual publication issued from 1830 to '47 inclusive. 
 
 Jamieson, Robert, D.D., minister of St. Paul's 
 Church, Glasgow. 1. Cyclopaedia of Religious Biography, 
 Glasg. and Lon., 1853, p. 8vo. A very useful compendium. 
 2. Scripture Readings, 1853, fp. Svo. 
 
 Jaminean, I. Mt Vesuvius; Phil. Trans., 1755. 
 
 Jane, Joseph. Icon Aclastes, or the Image Un 
 broken; being a Defence of the Icon Basilice" against Mil 
 ton's Icon Aclastes, 1651, 4to. Anon. 
 
 Jane, Joseph. Righteousness, Brist, 1766, Svo. 
 
 Jane, Wm., D.D. Serms., 1675-92. 
 
 Janes, Robert. 1. The Psalter and Canticles pointed 
 for Chanting; new ed., Lon., 1843, 32mo; 1852, 32mo. 
 2. Hymns and Canticles used in the Morning and Evening 
 Service; new ed., ISmo and 12mo. 
 
 Janes, Thomas. 1. Serms., Brist, 1771, 2 vols. 
 12mo. 2. Beauties of the Poets, Lon., 1777, 8yo. See 
 Atmore's Methodist Memorial. 
 
 Janeway, Jacob J., D.D., 1774-1858, a native of the 
 city of New York, graduated at Columbia College, 1794, 
 became a Presbyterian minister, (was also for some time 
 connected with the Reformed Dutch Church,) and filled seve 
 ral important ecclesiastical posts. For a number of years 
 before his death he was a resident of New Brunswick, N. Jer 
 sey. 1. Expos, of the Epist to the Romans, Phila., ISmo. 
 2. Expos, of the Epist to the Hebrews, 18mo. 3. Internal 
 Evidence of the Holy Bible, 12mo. 4. Expos, of the Acts 
 of the Apostles, 24mo. 5. Communicant's Manual, ISino. 
 
 6. On Unlawful Marriage, N. York, 1844, 18mo. 7. Let 
 ters on the Abrahamic Covenant 8. Mode of Baptism. 
 9. Essays on the Inability of Sinners. 10. Letters on the 
 Atonement. 11. Review of Schaff on Protestantism. 12. 
 With the Rev. Samuel Miller, D.D., The Christian Edu 
 cation of the Children and Youth in the Presbyterian 
 Church, Phila., 18mo. A biographical notice of Dr. Jane- 
 way will be found in the (Phila.) Presbyterian Magazine, 
 May, 1853. 
 
 Janeway , James, 1636-1674, a Non-conformist divine 
 at Rotherhithe, pub. four single serms., 1671-74; the Life 
 of his brother John, 1673, 8vo; The Saint's Encourage 
 ment to Diligence, a Legacy to his Friends, 1675, Svo; 
 a Token for Children, 1676, 8vo, often reprinted ; and 
 Heaven upon Earth, 1677, Svo. See the ed. of the last, 
 with a Hist of the Janeway Family, by Rev. F. A. Cox, 
 D.D., 1847, sm. Svo. See also Athen. Oxon.; Granger's 
 Biog. Hist of Eng.; Calamy; Robt. Hall's Works, ed. 
 1853, iv. 434-437. 
 
 Janney, Samnel L. Poems. See South. Lit Mess., 
 y. 505. 
 
 Janney, Samuel M., b. Loudon co., Va., 1801, a 
 member of the Society of Friends. 1. The Country School- 
 House, a prize poem, 1825. 2. Conversations on Religious 
 Subjects, 12mo, 1835; 3d ed., Phila., 1843. 3. The Last 
 of the Lenape; and other poems, 12mo, 1839. See South. 
 Lit. Mess., v. 505. 4. A Teacher's Gift, 1840. 5. An 
 Historical Sketch of the Christian Church, 1847. 6. Life 
 of William Penn, with selections from his correspondence 
 and autobiography, Phila., r. Svo, 1852; 3d ed., 1856, cr. 
 Svo. 
 
JAN 
 
 JAR 
 
 " Our author has acquitted himself in a manner worthy of his 
 subject. His style is easy, flowing, and yet sententious. Alto 
 gether, we consider it a highly valuable addition to the literature 
 of our age, and a work that should find its way into the library of 
 every friend:' Friends' Intelligencer, Phila. 
 
 The last ed. contains an appendix in which the stric 
 tures of Mr. Macaulay are examined. 
 
 7. The Life of Geo. Fox, with dissertations on his views 
 concerning the doctrines, testimonies, and discipline of the 
 Christian Church, 8vo, 1853 ; 2d ed., 1856, cr. 8vo. See 
 Living Age, xl. 232 ; Fox, GEORGE, p. 625. Nos. 6 and 7 
 have been favourably received in England. 
 
 .Bauson, B. Dutch and Eng. Dictionary, 1793, 4to. 
 
 Jansou, Charles William, "late of the State of 
 Ehode Island," resided in America from 1793-1806. 1. 
 The Stranger in America, Lon., 1807, 4to. Severely con 
 demned in the Edin. Rev. for April, 1807, but more fa 
 vourably noticed (by John Foster) in the Eclectic Review; 
 and see Foster's Essays, 1856, i. 44-62. Other notices of 
 the work will be found in the following English periodicals 
 for 1807: Month. Rev., May; Anti-Jacobin Rev., June; 
 Oxford Rev., June: Eclectic Rev., June; European Mag., 
 May ; Monthly Mirror, May ; Modern Plutarch, May ; 
 Sporting Mag., April; Cabinet, July; and see Rich's 
 Bibl. Arner. Nova, ii. 29. 2. Condition of the States of 
 Barbary, 1816, 12mo. 
 
 Janssen, Sir Stephen Theodore, Bart, Cham 
 berlain of London. 1. Smuggling Laid Open, Lon., 1763, 
 '67, 8vo. 2. Letter to Lord-Mayor Beckford, 1770, 4to. 
 3. Some of Janssen's MSS. were pub. in Charles King's 
 Collec. of Papers rel. to the Trade and Com. of G. Brit, 
 and Ireland, 1743, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Janus, Jun. Essays in Verse, Lon., 1766, 12mo. 
 
 Jaques, John. The Hist, of Junius and his Works, 
 Lon., 1843, cr. 8vo. See JUNIUS. 
 
 Jaques, Wm. See JACQUES. 
 
 Jardine , Lt. Transit of Venus, & c. ; Phil. Trans., 1 769. 
 
 Jardine, Major Alexander. Letters from Barbary, 
 France, Spain, Portugal, Ac., Lon., 1788, 2 vols. 8vo; 
 1793, 2 vols. 8vo. Anon. 
 
 Jardine, David. 1. General Index to Howell's 
 State Trials, Lon., 1828, 8vo. 2. Criminal Trials, 1832- 
 35, 2 vols. 12mo. Part of the series of the Library of 
 Entertaining Knowledge. 3. A Reading on the Use of 
 Torture in the Criminal Law of England, 1837, 8vo. 
 
 "A very learned and ingenious Reading." T. B. MACATJLAT: 
 Crit. and Hist. Essays, Lon., 1854; ii. 180, n., q. v. 
 
 4. A Narrative of the Gunpowder Plot, 185-7, 12mo. 
 
 The Athenaeum of Feb. 7, 1857, (p. 181,) and the Gent. 
 Mag. of Feb. 1857, (p. 213,) give very different accounts of 
 this book, which may be called a new ed. of vol. ii. of Mr. 
 Jardine's Criminal Trials. 
 
 Jardine, David B., minister of the Unitarian Chapel, 
 Bath. 1. Three Discourses, Lon., 1792, cr. 8ro. 2. Serms. 
 from his MSS., with his Life, Ac. by Rev. J. P. Estlin, 
 1798, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Jardine, George, 1743-1827, Prof, of Logic and 
 Rhetoric in the Univ. of Glasgow, 1774-1827. Outlines 
 of Philosophical Education, Glasg., 1818, 8vo; 2d ed., 
 enlarged, 1825, 8vo. 
 
 " Contains much valuable matter in the nature of remarks upon 
 the present mode of teaching in our universities, with suggestions 
 towards a reform." Westminster Rev. 
 
 "It is most admirably calculated for the education of youth, and 
 worthy of all the praise that can be bestowed upon it."lackw. 
 Mag., July, 1818, q. v. 
 
 An interesting biographical sketch of Professor Jardine 
 will be found in Blackwood's Mag., March, 1827. 
 
 Jardine, John. See FORBES, JOHN II. 
 
 Jardine, L. J., M.D. Letter from Pennsylvania to 
 a Friend in England, Lon., 1795, 8vo. Contains advice 
 upon the subject of emigration. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. 
 Nova, i. 392. 
 
 Jardine, William, Surgeon, R.N. Essay on Surgi 
 cal Instruments, Edin., 1814, '15, 8vo. 
 
 Jardine, Sir William, Bart. 1. British Salmo- 
 nidse, Pts. 1 and 2, Lon., 1839-41, each 3 3. 2. Na 
 tural Hist, of Humming-Birds. New ed., 1841, 2 vols. 
 8vo, 2 2*. This work composes vols. i. and ii. of the 
 Naturalist's Library: see No. 3, and see GOULD, JOHN, 
 No. 10. 3. Naturalist's Library, 1833-43, 40 vols. 12mo; 
 1200 col'd plates, 12, or 6. per. vol. People's edit, 
 1845-50, 9, or 4. 6d. each vol. 
 
 "This book is perhaps the most interesting, the most beautiful, 
 and the cheapest series ever offered to the public." Lon. AUientewn. 
 
 The Illustrations, apart from the descriptive matter, 
 were issued in 1846, Ac. in Parts at 5s. each. In the 
 preparation of this valuable series, Sir Wm. Jardine was 
 assisted by Swainson, Waterhouse, Macgillivray, Bushnan, 
 Selby, Scoinburgh, Col. Hamilton Smith, Dr. Hamilton, 
 
 ! and the Rev. James Duncan. Each vol. (sold separately) 
 contains a memoir of a celebrated naturalist. Sir Thomas 
 Dick Lauder and Capt. Thomas Brown commenced in 
 November, 1833, the issue of The Miscellany of Natural 
 History, the design of which, the London Athenaeum de 
 clares, was taken from the work just noticed. See Athen., 
 1833, 802-804. 4. Ichnology of Annandale, 3 Pts. fol., 
 
 1852, each 1 la. 5. Contributions to Ornithology, 4 
 series, 1848-51, 3 9*. for all. 6. With Prideaux John 
 Selby, Illustrations of Ornithology, Edin., 1829-45, 3 vols. 
 4to, 10 10s.; large paper, 15 15., 150 col'd plates, and 
 150 duplicates, plain. 
 
 "This is a very excellent and valuable work, as indeed the talent 
 employed on it sufficiently ensures. The plates are beautifully 
 coloured, and the letter-press accurately and well written. We 
 strongly recommend it to our scientific readers." NEVILLE WOOD. 
 
 The editor's assistants in this work were J. E. Bicheno, 
 J. G. Children, John Gould, Major-General Hardwicke, 
 Dr. Horsfield, R. Jameson, Sir T. Stamford Raffles, and 
 N. A. Vigors. To Sir Wm. Jardine we are also indebted 
 for the Notes and the Life of the author in Wilson's 
 American Ornithology, (with Prince Lucien Buonaparte's 
 Continuation,) Lon., 1832, 3 vols. 8vo; (Amer. ed., with 
 Synopsis by T. M. Brewer, N. York, 1854, 8vo ;) an ex 
 cellent edit, of White's Natural Hist, and Antiq. of Sel- 
 borne ; Memoirs of Hugh Edwin Strickland, M.A., with 
 his Scientific Writings, 1858, imp. 8vo; contributions to 
 the Annals of Natural History, Ac. See HOOKER, SIB 
 WILLIAM JACKSON, K.H., D.C.L., Ac. 
 
 " Sir William Jardine, an excellent practical observer." Blackw. 
 Mag., xlvii. 535. 
 
 J arm an, D. E., of Bedford Episcopal Chapel, St. 
 George's, Bloomsbury. 1. Romish Monument, Lon., 1850. 
 2. Faith's Trial, 1852. 3. Young Protestant, 1855. 
 
 Jarman, Henry. New Prac. Ct. of Chancery, Lon., 
 
 1853, 12mo ; 2d ed., enlarged, 1854, 12mo. 
 " It is most ably executed." Lon. Law Mag. 
 
 Jarman, R. Jour, of a Voy. to the South Seas, 1839. 
 
 Jarman, Thomas. 1. A Treat on Wills, Lon., 1841- 
 44, 2 vols. r. 8vo ; 1st Amer. ed., by J. C. Perkins, Bost, 
 1845, 2 vols. 8vo; 3d Amer. ed., by J. C. P., enlarged, 1855, 
 2 vols. 8vo. A new English ed. is now in press. This is 
 by far the best Treatise on Wills in the language. Mr. 
 Perkins has greatly enhanced the value of the book. See 
 Warren's Law Studies, ed. 1845, 573, 574, 929; Warren's 
 Duties of Attorneys and Solicitors, 1851, 384-385; Shars- 
 wood's Profess. Ethics, 1854, 126; 5 Jurist, 669; vi. 485; 
 8 Law Rec., 428; 3 Law Mag., 347; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 
 420. 
 
 "The notes added to the edition in two volumes [1845] by J. C. 
 Perkins, Esq., have given increased value to that full and excellent 
 work, which appears to be the most methodical and thorough 
 treatise which we have on the subject." 4 Kent's Com., 564, n., ed 
 1854. 
 
 2. Conveyancing. See BYTHEWOOD, W. M. Of Sweet's 
 ed., vols. i.-vii., ix., xi., and xii. (no vols. viii. and x.) have 
 been pub., 1839-50. See Warren's Law Studies, ed. 1845, 
 574. 3. Forms of Wills : see HAYES, WM., No. 8. 
 
 Jarratt, J. H. Trans, of Gianuto and Selenus's 
 Works on Chess, 1817, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Jarrett, Thomas, Prof, of Hebrew and Arabic in 
 the Univ. of Cambridge. Hebrew and English Lexicon 
 I and Grammar, Lon., 1848, 8vo. 
 
 Jarrold, Thomas, M.D., of Manchester. 1. Dis- 
 ' sertation on Man, in answer to Malthus on Population, 
 Lon., 1806, 8vo. 
 
 " Have you seen a good book in reply to Malthus, by Dr. Jar 
 rold '("Southey to J. Rickman, May 27, 1807. 
 
 " A book where the question of population is discussed with real 
 originality, and where true philosophy and true piety enlighten 
 and support each other." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 2. Letter to S. Whitbread on the Poor-Laws, 1807. 3. 
 Anthropologia, 1808, 4to. 4. Con. to Ann. of Med., 1801. 
 
 Jarrom, T. Discourses on Rom. ix., Wisbech, 1827, 
 12mo. 
 
 "Non-Calvinistic, but practical." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 Jarry, General. Light Infantry, Lon., 1803, 12mo. 
 
 Jarves, James Jackson, of Massachusetts. 1. Hist 
 of the Hawaiian or Sandwich Islands, Bost., 1843, 8vo; 
 Lon., 1843, 8vo. 
 
 "Mr. Jarvea spent four years among the Hawaiian group, and 
 devoted himself most diligently to the study of all matters concern 
 ing it. The result is truly refreshing." Hunt's Merchant's Mag^ 
 ix. 15, 111. 
 
 2. Scenes and Scenery of the Sandwich Islands, Bost, 
 1844, 12mo; Lon., 1844, 12mo. 3. Scenes and Scenery 
 I in California, Bost, 12mo. 4. Parisian Sights and French 
 | Principles seen through American Spectacles, New York, 
 1855, 12mo. 5. Art Hints: Architecture, Sculpture, and 
 Painting, Lon., 1855, p. 8vo; N. York, 1855, 12mo. Com 
 mended in the highest terms by the London Athenaeum 
 
 955 
 
JAR 
 
 JAY 
 
 for June 30, and by the North American Review for Oc 
 tober, 1855. Severely criticized by Putnam's Magazine 
 for Sept. 1855. The London Art-Union and London 
 Spectator are also to be added to the list of the eulogists 
 of Mr. Jarves's Art Hints. 6. Italian Sights and Papal 
 Principles seen through American Spectacles, 1856, 12mo. 
 7. Parisian Sights and French Principles seen through 
 American Spectacles; Second Series, 1856, 12mo. 
 
 "We have some recollection of the 'First Series' as not disagree 
 able, nor without smartness: but if such was the character of that 
 work, it cannot be continued to this one. . . . This book does not 
 belong to the Library of Cheap Literature : it would be dear at 
 the lowest price." Lon. Athtnseum, March 1, 1856. 
 
 8. Kiana: a Tradition of Hawaii, 1857, p. 8vo. 
 
 Jarvis, Abraham, D.D., 1739-1813, a native of Nor- 
 walk, Conn., grad. at Yale College, 1761; Bishop of the 
 Prot. Epis. Church in the State of New York, 1797. He 
 pub. a Serin, on the death of Bishop Seabury, (whom he 
 succeeded,) and one on the Witness of the Spirit. 
 
 Jarvis or Jervas, Charles, d. about 1740, a printer, 
 pub. a trans, of Don Quixote, 1742, 2 vola. 4to. Several 
 edits. Motteux's is a better trans, than Jarvis's. Re 
 specting edits., <fcc. of Don Quixote, see Ticknor's Hist, 
 of Spanish Lit., vols. ii. and iii. ; Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Lowndes's 
 Bibl. Man. : Sales's edit, of Don Quixote, in Spanish, Bost., 
 1836, 2 vols. 12mo; a review of this edit, by Wm. H. Pres- 
 cott, the historian, in N. Arner. Rev., July, 1837, and in 
 Prescott's Miscellanies, 1855, 123-175; John Bowie's edit 
 of Don Quixote, 1781, 6 vols. 4to; (see BOWLE, JOHN;) Ed 
 mund Gayton's Festivious Notes upon Don Quixote, 1654, 
 fol. ; 1768, 12mo; (see GAYTON, EDMUND.) Information 
 concerning Jarvis will be found in Bowles's ed. of Pope; 
 Ruff head's Life of Pope, p. 147, 4th ed. ; Walpole's Anec 
 dotes of Painting. 
 
 "I never read a thing with more pleasure than an additional 
 Bheet to Jervas's preface to Don Quixote : before I got over two 
 paragraphs I cried out, ' Aut Erasmus, aut Diabolus.' " POPE. 
 
 The most beautiful edit, of Don Quixote in English is 
 that pub. by Tilt in London, 1838, 3 vols. Svo, 2 10. ; 
 again, 1843, 2 vols. r. 8vo; again, by Willoughby, 1852, 
 2 vols. r. 8vo, 2 1*. ; 2 vols. in 1, 8vo, 10*. 6rf. This is 
 Jarvis's trans, revised and corrected, with 800 wood-en 
 gravings, after the designs of Tony Johannot, and 16 
 addit. plates by Cosmo Armstrong. A revised trans, for 
 general reading, with illustrations by Warren, was pub. by 
 Burns in London, in 1848, fp. Svo, 6s. This is the proper 
 edit, for the ladies' parlour. Another revised trans., formed 
 on those of Motteux, Jarvis, and Smollett, with 18 cuts by 
 Armstrong, and 32 after Johannot, was pub. in London in 
 1842, 1 8. ; the same, with only the usual 18 cuts by 
 Armstrong, 18s. 
 
 Jarvis, Charles, Prof, of Music, Philadelphia. Piano- 
 Forte Instructor, Phila., 1852, fol. This work reached the 
 7th ed. in about two years. 
 
 Jarvis, Edward, M.D., b. at Concord, Mass., a resi 
 dent of Dorchester, Mass. 1. Practical Physiology, Phila., 
 1848, 12mo. Sale to Sept. 1854, 14,000 copies. 2. Pri 
 mary Physiology for Schools, 1849, 12mo. Sale to Feb. 
 1852, 10,000 copies. 
 
 "Well adapted, by its accuracy, comprehensiveness, and the 
 popular language in which it is expressed, to be a proper and valu 
 able book for the purpose which it was designed to fill." JOHN C. 
 WARREN, M.D., of Boston. 
 
 Commended by other high authorities. Dr. Jarvis has 
 pub. a number of pamphlets on various branches of medi 
 cal science, and contributed to the leading American 
 medical journals. 
 
 Jarvis, Samuel Farmer, D.D., LL.D., 1787-1851, 
 a son of Bishop Jarvis, (ante,) and a native of Middletown, 
 Conn., was educated at Yale College, ordained deacon in 
 3810, and priest in 1811; Rector of St. Michael's Church, 
 Bloomingdale, New York, 1811; of St. James's, New York, 
 (held in conjunction with the former,) 1813; Prof, of Bib 
 lical Criticism in the (Episcopal) General Theological 
 Seminary, New York, 1819-20 ; first Rector of St. Paul's 
 Church, Boston, 1820-26 ; travelled in Europe, 1826-35; 
 Prof, of Oriental Literature in Washington (now Trinity) 
 College, Hartford, 1835-37; Rector of Christ Church, 
 Middletown, 1837-42 ; appointed Historiographer of the 
 Church by the General Convention (Prot. Epis. Church) 
 of 1838. From 1842 until his death Dr. Jarvis devoted 
 his time chiefly to the preparation of an ecclesiastical his 
 tory, (commended to his care by the General Convention 
 of 1838,) portions of which were pub. in 1844 and 1850. 
 See Nos. 5, 8. 1. A Discourse on the Religion of the In 
 dian Tribes of North America, N. York, 1820, Svo. Fa 
 vourably reviewed by John Pickering in the N. Amer. 
 Bev., July, 1820. 2. Discourse on Regeneration, 1821. 
 
 3. Discourse on Christian Unity, 1837. 4. Serins, on 
 Prophecy, 1843, 1 vol. 5. No Union with Rome, 1843, 
 pamph. 6. A Chronological Introduction to the Hist, of 
 the Church, being a new Inquiry into the True Dates of 
 the Birth and Death of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, 
 and containing an original Harmony of the Four Gospels, 
 now first arranged in the order of time, Lon., 1844, Svo; 
 Bost., 1845, Svo. 
 
 "Dr. Jarvis has exhibited accuracy and fidelity as an historian, 
 the ripest judgment and the clearest reasoning as a commentator 
 upon the intricate authorities on which he had to build his founda 
 tion for inquiry, and has shown himself an accomplished scholar, 
 fully equal to the task committed to his charge. The work is a 
 foundation on which the Christian historian and theologiau may 
 build ; for the materials are solid, and the work admirably exe 
 cuted." Lon. Polytechnic Review. 
 
 " A learned work on New Testament Chronology, by an American 
 divine (Dr. Jarvis, of Connecticut) of standing and reputation. It 
 is quite pleasant to find the daughter-church rearing chronologers 
 and scholars; and we commend Dr. J.'s undertaking to the candid 
 estimate and patronage of the learned.'' Lon. Chris. Rememb. 
 
 "A thorough and comprehensive analysis of all the evidence ex 
 tant, whether sacred or profane, upon the most difficult and im 
 portant points in ecclesiastical chronology, viz. : the precise years 
 of the birth and death of our Saviour. ... A work of extraordinary 
 research." BISHOP DOANE, of New Jersey. 
 
 See also New Englander, v. 215; vi. 378, (both by J. L. 
 Kingsley;) N. York Church Rev., i. 82, (by S. F. Jarvis;) 
 Bost. Chris. Exam., xxxviii. 412; Meth. Quar. Rev., v. 
 269. 7. The Colonies of Heaven ; a Serm., 1846. 8. A 
 Reply to Dr. Milner's End of Controversy, so far as the 
 Churches of the English Communion are concerned, N. 
 York, 1847, 12mo. See Brownson's Quar. Rev., 2cl Ser., 
 ii. 20. 9. The Church of the Redeemed; or, The Hist, of 
 the Mediatorial Kingdom, 2 vols., containing the First 
 Five Periods ; from the Fall of Adam in Paradise to the 
 Rejection of the Jews and the Calling of the Gentiles, vol. 
 i., Bost., 1850, Svo, pp. 662. This is all that was published. 
 See N. York Church Rev., iv. 112. Shortly after this vol. 
 was issued from the press, the author was attacked by the 
 disease which terminated his earthly existence, March 26, 
 1851, in the 65th year of his age. In addition to the 
 literary labours already noticed, Dr. Jarvis contributed 
 several articles to the N. York Church Review, edited in 
 1844 an American edit, of Thomas Hartwell Home's 
 Mariolatry, (see No. 37, under his name,) and made some 
 progress in the preparation of a work on Egypt. 
 
 Jaudon, Daniel, Thomas Watson, and Ste 
 phen Addington. English Orthographical Expositor ; 
 new ed., Phila., 1857. 
 
 Jay, Sir James, M.D., d. in New York, 1815, a bro 
 ther of Chief-Justice John Jay, pub. two Letters (one 
 Lon., 1771, Svo, the other 1774, Svo) rel. to the Collection 
 made for the Colleges of New York and Philadelphia, and 
 a work on the Gout, 1772, Svo. 
 
 Jay, John, 1745-1829, a native, and from 1795 to 
 1801 Governor, of the State of New York, one of the 
 principal promoters of the cause of American Independence, 
 after filling many important public posts was in 1789 ap 
 pointed by General Washington Chief-Justice of the United 
 States. He wrote Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 64 of The Federalist, 
 a number of State Papers, among which is the celebrated 
 Address to the People of Great Britain, in 1774, the Cor 
 respondence between himself and Lewis Littlepage; 2d 
 ed., 1786, &c. See the Life of John Jay, with Selections 
 from his Corresp. and Miscell. Papers, by his son, Judge 
 William Jay, N. York, 1833, 2 vols. 8vo; Lives of Jay 
 and Hamilton, by Prof. James Renwick, LL.D., 18uio ; 
 Geo. Van Santvoor-d's Sketches of the Lives and Judicial 
 Services of the Chief-Justices of the Supreme Ct. of the 
 U. States, 1854; Henry Flanders's Lives and Times of 
 the Chief- Justices of the United States, vol. i., 1855; 
 Corresp. of Daniel Webster, 1857, i. 370 ; Amer. Annual 
 Reg., 1827-2'J, 215-234; Nl Amer. Rev., xvii. 142, (by J 1 . 
 C. Gray;) N. Amer. Rev., xxxvii. 315, (by 0. W. B. Pea- 
 body;) Amer. Whig Rev., ii. 59, (by W. H. Y. Hackett;) 
 Amer. Month. Rev., iv. 35; N. York Rev., ix. 273, (by F. 
 L. Hawks;) HAMILTON, ALEXANDER, in this Dictionary. 
 
 'The general learning and ability, and especially the prudence, 
 the mildness, and the firmness of his character, eminently fitted 
 Mr. Jay to be the head ot such a court, [Supreme Court of the United 
 fetates.J When the spotless ermine of the judicial robe fell on Johu 
 Jay, it touched nothing less spotless than itself." HON. DANIEL 
 WKBSTKR: Speech at Public Dinner at New York, March 10, 1831; 
 Webster's Works, 1854, i. 201. 
 
 'Governor Jay, one of our purest and most illustrious states 
 men." WASHINGTON IRVING: Life of George Washington. 
 
 Jay, John, b. 1817, a son of Judge William Jay, and 
 grandson of the preceding, graduated at Columbia College, 
 New York, 1836, has pub. some pamphlets on the subject 
 of slavery, Ac. 
 
JAY 
 
 JEB 
 
 Jay, John C., of New York. A Catalogue of the 
 Shells in his Collection; 4th ed., with a Supp., N. York. 
 See Amer. Jour, of Science and Arts, Nov. 1851. The 
 value of Dr. Jay's collection of shells, and of his concho- 
 logical library, is well known to the student in this de 
 partment. Dr. Jay's Catalogue enumerates ahout 11,000 
 well-marked varieties, and at least 7000 well-established 
 species. 
 
 Jay, Stephen, of Chinnor,0xford. Serms,<fcc.,l 682-89. 
 Jay, William, 1789-1858, a native of the city of New 
 York, First Judge of the county of Westchester, New York, 
 second son of Chief-Justice John Jay, graduated at Yale 
 College in 1807. 1. The Life of John Jay, with Selections 
 from his Corresp. and Miscell. Papers, N. York, 1833, 2 
 vols. 8vo. Reviewed by W. B. 0. Peabody, in N. Amer. 
 Rev., xxxvii. 315-340. 
 
 "The author has, without transgressing in any respect the limits 
 prescribed by propriety in treating of the merits of a relative, done 
 ample justice to the memory of a man of eminent ability and vir 
 tue." Ubi supra. See JAY, JOHN, and authorities there cited. 
 
 2. Inquiry into the Character and Tendency of the 
 American Colonization and American Anti-Slavery So 
 cieties, 1835, 12mo. 3. A View of the Action of the Fede 
 ral Government in behalf of Slavery, 1839, 12mo. 4. 
 War and Peace : recommending treaty-stipulations bind 
 ing the parties to refer to arbitration such future disputes 
 as cannot be settled by negotiation, 12mo. 5. A Review 
 of the Causes and Consequences of the Mexican War, Bost., 
 1849, 12mo, pp. 333. 6. A volume of miscellaneous wri 
 tings on Slavery, 1854, 12mo, pp. 670. Judge Jay, like 
 his late eminent father, was noted for his lively interest in 
 the welfare of his fellow-men. 
 
 Jay, William, 1769-1854, an eminent Dissenting 
 divine, a native of Tisbury, Wiltshire, commenced preach 
 ing when between 15 and 16 years of age, and before he 
 was 21 had delivered nearly 1000 sermons. On the 31st 
 of Jan. 1791, he became the minister of Argyle Chapel, 
 Bath, and remained in this situation until June, 1853, or for 
 sixty-two years. In Jan. 1841, on the completion of the 50th 
 year of his ministry, the jubilee was celebrated by reli 
 gious services in the chapel, and by a feast in the Assembly 
 Rooms, where 820 persons sat down together to breakfast. 
 A salver and 650 were presented to the object of this 
 gratifying token of respect. To the volume pub. on this 
 occasion, Jubilee Memorial, 1841, 12mo, to Jay's Auto 
 biography, edited by Rev. Geo. Redford and Rev. J. 
 Angell James, 1854, Svo, (3d ed., 1855, p. $vo,) to the 
 Memoir of Jay, by Rev. S. S. Wilson, 1854, fp. Svo, to 
 Wallace's Portraiture of Jay, with Notes of his Con 
 versations, &c., and to Pen-Pictures of Popular English 
 Preachers, 1852, 12mo, we refer the reader for information 
 respecting this excellent divine. The best-known of Jay's 
 works are Morning and Evening Exercises, (vols. i.-iv., 
 1842, of the collective ed. of his Works;) The Christian 
 Contemplated, (vol. vi., 1843, of his Works;) Short Dis 
 courses, (vols. x. and xii., 1844, of his Works ;) and Morn 
 ings with Jesus, 1854, fp. Svo. The collective ed. to which 
 we refer is in 12 vols. Svo, Bath, 1842-44, (N. York, 3 vols. 
 8vo,) and was corrected and revised by the author himself. 
 To these 12 vols. must be added Lectures on Female Scrip 
 ture Characters, 1854, cr. Svo; Mornings with Jesus, 1854, 
 fp. Svo; Evenings with Jesus; and Final Discourses at Ar 
 gyle Chapel, Bath, 1854, fp. 8vo. As a preacher, as well as 
 an author, Mr. Jay has acquired great celebrity. John Foster 
 calls him the Prince of Preachers; Sheridan styled him 
 the most natural orator whom he had ever heard; Dr. 
 James Hamilton speaks of hearing him " with wonder and 
 delight;" and Beckford describes his mind as "a clear, 
 transparent stream, flowing so freely as to impress us with 
 the idea of its being inexhaustible." 
 
 His sermons, too, not always the case with the effu 
 sions of popular preachers, will bear the dispassionate 
 judgment of the closet without lessening the reputation 
 of their author. 
 
 "Mr. Jay's sermons, although a little too warmly coloured, have, 
 upon the whole, great merit as honest and impassioned expositions 
 of the several texts which are handled." Dibdin's Lib. Comp. 
 
 "Eloquent and pious." Dr. E. Williams' s C. P. 
 
 "Happily connects privilege and practice." Sicker steth's C. S. 
 
 "His sermons, like his other publications, are universally ad 
 mired, and permanently fixed the writer's reputation. . . . One 
 great charm of this divine's works is the catholic spirit which per 
 vades them. The dissenter seldom intrudes, the sectarian never 
 appears ; and Christians of all denominations may read his produc 
 tions without finding any violence done to their party predilec 
 tions." Lawndes's Brit. Lib., 657, 903. 
 
 "His works are very practical and devotional." Bickersteth's 
 C.S. 
 
 "Mr. Jay's Works have held a high place in the estimation of 
 the religious world for more than the average duration of human 
 life." Lon. Athenteum. 
 
 Articles upon Jay's Works will be found in the Prince 
 ton Review, v. 369, and in the N. York Method. Quar. 
 Rev., v. 335. See also European Mag., June, 1819; Lou. 
 Athenaeum, 1854, 555, 1163, 1198; Lon. Gent. Mag.. 
 March, 1854. 
 
 Jeacocke, Abraham. Two Serms., 1702, both Svo. 
 
 Jeacocke, Caleb, d. 1786. A Vindic. of St. Paul 
 against Bolingbroke and others, Lon., 1765, Svo. Jeacocke 
 was a literary baker, and a famous debater at the Robin 
 Hood Speaking-Society, where Edmund Burke, and others 
 of after oratorical distinction, resorted in early life. 
 
 Jeaffreson, J. Cordy. 1. Crew Rise ; a Novel, Lon., 
 1854, 3 vols. p. Svo. 2. Isabel : The Young Wife and the 
 Old Love, 1857, 3 vols. p. Svo. Commended by the Athen 
 aeum, (1857, 212,) Examiner, Observer, Messenger, and 
 John Bull. 3. Novels and Novelists from Elizabeth to 
 Victoria, 1858, 2 vols. See Lon. Athen., Pt. 2, 134, 235. 
 
 Jeaffreson, W. On Diseases of the Eye, Lon., 1844, 
 Svo. 
 
 Jeakes, Samuel. 1. Arithmetic, Lon., 1701, fol. 
 2. Charters of the Cinque Ports, 1728, fol. 3. Short- 
 Hand; Phil. Trans., 1748. 
 
 Jeamson, Thomas. Artificial Embellishments, 
 Oxon., 1665, Svo. 
 
 Jeanes, Henry, 1611-1662, a native of Allensaye, 
 Somersetshire, educated at Hart Hall, Oxford, obtained 
 the rectories of Beercrocombe, Capland, and Chedzoy, 
 Somersetshire. He pub. several theolog. treatises, and to 
 him is ascribed The Image Unbroken, 1651, 4to, an an 
 swer to Milton's Iconoclastes. Watt ascribes this answer 
 to Joseph Jane. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. ; He- 
 ber's ed. of Jeremy Taylor's Works. 
 
 "Honest Jeanes." Cotton Mather's Essays to do Good. 
 
 Jeans, George. Practical Astronomy for the Un 
 learned, Lon., 1848, p. Svo. 
 
 Jeans, Thomas. Serm., Lon., 1791, Svo 
 
 Jeans, Thomas, M.D. The Gout, Lon., 1792, Svo. 
 
 Jeary, O. A. 25 Serms, Lon., 1817, Svo. 
 
 "The texts are all discussed in a practical manner. The author 
 has evidently aimed throughout at usefulness." DR. J. LEIFCHILD, 
 the editor. 
 
 Jebb. Life of Robert, Earl of Leicester, 1727, Svo. 
 
 Jebb, Lieut. -Col. J. N. 1. Defence and Attack 
 of Outposts ; 3d ed., Lon., 1849, 8vo. 2. Manual for the 
 Military, 1853, 12mo. 
 
 Jebb, Major. Construction and Ventilation of Mo 
 dern Prisons, Lon., 4to. 
 
 Jebb, John, M.D., 1736-1786, a native of London, 
 educated at Trin. Coll., Dublin, and at Peter House, Camb., 
 of which he became Fellow ; Rector of Ovington, Norfolk, 
 1764; resigned his gown on account of having embraced 
 Socinianism, and became a student of physic, 1775. Whole 
 Works, Theological, Medical, Political, and Miscellaneous, 
 with Memoirs of Life of the Author, by John Disney, D.D., 
 Lon., 1787, 3 vols. Svo. See his Memoirs as above; Dar 
 ling's Cyc. Bib., vol. i. 1646. Dr. Jebb was a man of pro 
 found learning, and a zealous advocate of civil and reli 
 gious liberty. Dr. Watt, in his Bibl. Brit., has confounded 
 this Dr. Jebb with Bishop Jebb. All the works ascribed 
 by him to the latter, with the exception of the last two 
 articles, should have been credited to John Jebb, M.D. 
 
 Jebb, John, D.D., 1775-1833, a native of Drogheda, 
 Ireland, educated at Trin. Coll., Dublin, presented to the 
 living of Abington, 1810; Bishop of Limerick, Ac., 1823. 
 1. Serm., 1803, Svo. 2. Serms. on Subjects chiefly Prac 
 tical, 1815, Svo, 1816, Svo, 1824, Svo, 1832, Svo. 
 
 " The language is rich, vigorous, and unaffected ; the style simple 
 and commanding; and the notes will be read with much satisfac 
 tion by the scholar and the divine." British Critic. 
 
 " Perhaps he approaches more closely the standard of the amiable 
 and pious FENELON, whose deeply-spiritual sentiments we could 
 sometimes fancy him to have enunciated with the superior energy 
 of a MASSILLON or a BOURDALOUE." Lon. Christian Observer. 
 
 3. Sacred Literature; comprising a Review of the Prin 
 ciples of Composition laid down by Bp. Lowth in his 
 Praelectiones and Isaiah, <fec., 1820, '28, Svo, 1831, Svo. 
 
 " Archdeacon Jebb's Sacred Literature has the highest claims to 
 the attention of every biblical student, for its numerous beautiful 
 criticisms and elucidations of the New Testament." T. H. HORNE : 
 see Introduc. to the Scrip.; BOYS, THOMAS, in this Dictionary. 
 
 " In this learned and elegant work the author controverts some 
 of Lowth's views of Hebrew poetry, and applies others of them to 
 the interpretation of many passages in the New Testament. . . . 
 No book of criticism has lately appeared more worthy of attention 
 from the biblical scholar, or more calculated to recommend the 
 study of the Scriptures." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 "It will be freely acknowledged that he has thrown new light 
 upon some parts of the sacred volume: an achievement which the 
 student will duly appreciate." Dr. E. Wittiams's C. P. 
 
 "A valuable addition to the critical sources of information." 
 Bickersteth's C. 8. 
 
 4. Practical Theology, 1830, 2 vola. Svo; 1837, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
JEB 
 
 JEF 
 
 "No work which has recently fallen into our hands more amply 
 fulfils the promise of its title than that before us." Quar. Theolog. 
 Rev. 
 
 5. Pastoral Instructions rel. to the Church of England, 
 1831, '44, 12mo. 6. Thirty Years' Corresp. between 
 Bishop Jebb and Alex. Knox, Esq. Edited by the Rev. 
 Charles Forster, 1834, 2 vols. Svo; 1836, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Bishop Jebb also edited Piety without Asceticism, 1820, 
 8vo; Practical Discourses, by Thos. Townson, D.D., with 
 a Memoir, 1828, 8vo; the Remains of Win. Phelan, D.D., 
 with a Memoir, 1832, 2 vols. 8vo; and Bishop Burnet's 
 Lives, Characters, &c., with an Introduc. and Notes, 1833, 
 8vo. 
 
 See Life of Bishop Jebb, with a Selection from his 
 Letters, by the Rev. Charles Forster, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 
 1837, 8vo; 3d ed., 1851, p. 8vo. 
 
 " As a relative and a friend, Bishop Jebb here shines as brightly 
 as he does as a scholar; and, what is yet more valuable, they who 
 had not the privilege of seeing Bishop Jebb after his illness will 
 learn from Mr. Forster an accurate and most interesting account 
 how a Christian could suffer, and turn his sufferings into a blessing 
 to himself and others. The whole of the biography is written in a 
 spirit of good feeling and good taste, which do the highest honour 
 to Mr. Forster." British Magazine. 
 
 "The Life of this exemplary Prelate, this amiable, accomplished, 
 and pious man, not only teems with the most weighty lessons, of a 
 practical kind, for the imitation of every Churchman in England, 
 and still more especially in Ireland at the present tune, but it ex 
 hibits one of the most engaging and soundly-constituted characters 
 that have ever been delineated for the lasting benefit of mankind." 
 Lon. Monthly Review. 
 
 Some interesting particulars respecting the Jebb family, 
 which has given many sons to learning and science, will 
 be found in Nichols's Lit. Anec., and in Lon. Gent. Mag., 
 Feb. 1834. His lordship was never married. 
 
 Jebb, John, Rector of Peterstow, Herefordshire. 1. 
 Divine Economy of the Church, Lon., 1840, fp. 8vo. 
 
 "A thoughtful, perspicuous, and beautiful comment." Brit. 
 Critic. 
 
 2. Choral Service of the Church of Eng. and Ire., 1843, 
 8vo. 3. Choral Responses and Litanies of the Church, 
 1847, fol. 4. Three Lects. on the Cathedral Service of 
 the Church of Eng.; 2d ed., 1845, fp. 8vo. 5. Literal 
 Trans, of the Book of Psalms, 1846, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "An excellent specimen of the Jebb School of Sacred Litera 
 ture." Churchman's Monthly Rev. 
 
 6. Six Letts, on the Present State of the Church, 1851, 
 fp. 8vo. 
 
 Jebb, Richard. A Union with Ireland, 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Jebb, Richard. Bp. Hampden's Case, 1849, r. 8vo. 
 See HAMPDEN, RENN DICKSON, D.D. 
 
 Jebb, Robert. 1. Reports of Crown Cases Reversed, 
 1822-40, Dubl., 1841, 8vo; 1st Amer. ed., with References 
 by J. W. Wallace, Phila., 1842, 8vo. Mr. Wallace's Notes 
 have greatly enhanced the value of this vol. See Prof. 
 Whiteside's Lee.; 1 Leg. Rep., 296; 27 Amer. Jur., 468; 
 Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 149, 421. 2. With Arthur R. Symes, 
 Queen's Bench and Excheq. Chan, in Ireland Reports, 
 1838-40 ; Dubl., 1840-42, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. With R. Bourke, 
 Queen's Bench in Ireland Reports, 1842, 8vo, 1843. 
 
 Jebb, Samuel, M.D., d. 1772, the learned editor of 
 Bibliotheca Literaria, (10 Pts., pub. 1722-24,) a native of 
 Nottingham, educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge, also 
 edited Aristides, 1728, 2 vols. 4to, Roger Bacon's Opus 
 Majus, 1733, fol., and other works. See Nichols's Lit. 
 Anec. 
 
 Jee, Thomas. Serms., Lon., 1837, 8vo. 
 
 Jeff, Robert, M.D. On Consumption, Lon., 1842, 8vo. 
 
 Jefferies. Case E. India Co., Lon., 1689, fol. 
 
 Jeffers, Wm. N., U.S. Navy. Theory and Practice 
 of Naval Gunnery, N. York, 1850, 8vo. 
 
 Jefferson, Jacob, D.D. Serm., 1763, 8vo. 
 
 Jefferson, John. Serms., 1789, Ac. 
 
 Jefferson, John. A Poem, 1813, 4to. 
 
 Jefferson, John, of Stoke-Newington. Expos. Lects. 
 on the X. Commandments, 1835, 18mo. 
 
 "An enlightened and judicious exposition of this summary of the 
 moral law." Lon. Congreg. Mag. 
 
 Mr. Jefferson has pub. several other theolog. treatises. 
 
 Jefferson, Joseph. Serm., &c., Lon., 1803, '13. 
 
 Jefferson, Joseph. Poems and Serms., 1773-1811. 
 
 Jefferson, T. B. Two Serms., 1808, 8vo. 
 
 Jefferson, Thomas, April 2, 1743-July 4, 1826, a 
 native of Shadwell, Albemarle county, Virginia, entered 
 William and Mary College in 1760, and subsequently 
 studied law under George Wythe. In 1769 he was elected 
 a member of the Colonial Assembly, and in 1775 succeeded 
 Peyton Randolph in the National Congress at Phila 
 delphia, and on the 28th of June, in the next year, as 
 chairman of tho committee appointed for that purpose, 
 reported the celebrated Declaration of Independence, 
 which, with some alterations, was adopted on the 4th of 
 
 July ensuing. How far Mr. Jefferson is entitled to the 
 credit of the entire originality of this famous document, 
 the reader will be able to form an opinion after consulting 
 the works of John Adams, of Thomas Jefferson, and the 
 biographies of these distinguished statesmen and patriots. 
 See also an interesting article upon this topic in George 
 Ticknor Curtis's History of the Constitution of the United 
 States, vol. i., 1854, pp. 81-88. It is neither our business 
 nor our pleasure to adjudicate on questions of state-paper 
 history or political partisanship in a volume of this cha 
 racter, but we may be allowed to say that Jefferson's claim 
 to the authorship of the Declaration of Independence 
 seems as fully substantiated as the nature of the case will 
 possibly allow. From 1779 to '81 Mr. Jefferson was 
 Governor of his native State; in 1783 was again elected a 
 member of Congress; from 1784 to '89 resided at Paris, 
 succeeding Franklin in 1785 as minister from the United 
 States; in 1789 he was appointed by General Washington 
 Secretary of State, which office he held until 1793; was 
 Vice-President of the United States 1797-1801, and Presi 
 dent of the Republic 1801-09. Mr. Jefferson had now 
 reached an age when the duties of public life were no 
 longer inviting, and he passed his remaining years at 
 Monticello, dividing his time between his plantation, his 
 library, and the entertainment of the many visitors at 
 tracted to his mansion by his widely-extended reputation 
 at home and abroad. He died on the same day as that 
 which closed the earthly existence of John Adams, the 
 4th of July, 1826. 
 
 As an author, Mr. Jefferson is best known by his Notes 
 on the State of Virginia, (originally drawn up for M. De 
 Marbois,) of which 200 copies were privately printed at 
 Paris in 1784, (but dated 1782,) 8vo. A French transla 
 tion, by the Abbe Morellet, with some alterations by the 
 author, appeared at Paris in 1786, 8vo, and an edit, of 
 the original in English was pub. by Stockdale in London 
 in 1787, 8vo. 
 
 But on this subject we can give nothing more satisfac 
 tory to the reader than the following table, (drawn up by 
 a well-known American historian and bibliographer,) 
 which we find in The Historical Magazine, Boston, Feb. 
 1857, vol. i., No. 2, p. 52. 
 
 "JEFFERSON'S NOTES ON VIRGINIA. The following is a list of the 
 several editions of this work, as far as ascertained. Those with a 
 * prefixed have been collated. They are all 8vo except when other 
 wise marked: 
 
 "* Editi<* princeps, Paris, 1782; pp. 391; plate of Mammoth 
 Cave. 
 
 "* French edition, Paris, 1786; pp. viii., 290, iv., map. 
 
 "* 1st English do., Stockdale, London, 1787; pp.ii., 382; map. 
 
 "* 1st American do., Pritchard and Hall, Philadelphia. 1788 ; pp. 
 ii., 244. 
 
 "2d American do., Philadelphia, 1788; pp. ii., 336. 
 
 "Another do., Philadelphia, 1792; ii., 336. 
 
 " * Another do., Carey, Philadelphia, 1794 ; ii., 336 ; map. 
 
 " * Appendix to Notes, Smith, Philadelphia, 1800 ; pp. 51 ; wood 
 cut. 
 
 "Notes; American edition, Baltimore, 1800. 
 
 "* 3d American edition, M.L.Davis, New York, 1801; pp.392; 
 portrait ; map ; two wood-cuts. 
 
 " * 1st hot-pressed do., Rawle, Philadelphia, 1801 ; pp. ii., 436, 56 ; 
 portrait ; map ; two plans, and view of Natural Bridge. 
 
 "* 8th American do., Carlisle, Boston, 1801; pp. 364; portrait; 
 map ; two wood-cuts. 
 
 " * 9th American do., Sprague, Boston, 1802 ; 12mo, pp. 368 ; map. 
 
 "Another do., Trenton, N.J., 1803; 12rno, extra fine paper. 
 
 "Another do., New York, 1804; best ed.; pp. 392. 
 
 " Another do., Hogan and Thompson, Philadelphia, 1825 ; 12mo. 
 
 "Another do., Boston, 1832. 
 
 " * Last edition, Randolph, Richmond, 1853 ; 3 ff. pp. 275 ; map ; 
 four lithographs ; one folding sheet of letter-press. 
 
 " It will be noticed that very little order seems to have obtained 
 in numbering the editions. That called the 3d American appears 
 to have been the 6th in succession ; the 1st hot-pressed, the 7th ; 
 and so forth. Perhaps some of your readers may be able to con 
 tribute to the above list. Were there not any editions during Mr. 
 
 Jefferson's second term as President ? ,, /vn 
 
 j. 15. <J U. 
 
 The last ed., above noticed, was printed from Mr. Jeffer 
 son's own copy, with his MS. annotations, intended ap 
 parently for a new issue. We may state that Mr. Randolph 
 has now, (Jan. 1857,) or had a few weeks since, on sale, 
 this copy of Mr. Jefferson's, which is priced at $100. Nor 
 must we omit to notice Mr. Randolph's enterprise in re- 
 publishing the History of the University of Virginia, as 
 detailed in the Correspondence of Mr. Jefferson and Joseph 
 C. Cabell, Richmond, 1856, 8vo. Of these letters of Jeffer 
 son's, all, with the exception of eight, are now given to 
 the world for the first time. Ample information respecting 
 the character of the Notes on Virginia will be found in 
 the authorities referred to in the course of this article. 
 As Stevenson's Catalogue of Voyages and Travels, how 
 ever, is now rarely to be met with, it may be worth while 
 to quote his opinion of the work : 
 
JEF 
 
 JEF 
 
 "Notes on Virginia, by Thos. Jefferson, 1788, Svo. Politics, com 
 merce, manufactures, and navigation, are here treated of in a satis 
 factory and instructive manner, but with rather too much the air 
 of philosophy." P. 623. 
 
 In 1829 was pub., by Jefferson's grandson, Memoirs, 
 Correspondence, and Private Papers of Thomas Jefferson, 
 edited by Thomas Jefferson Randolph, 4 vols. 8vo, Char- 
 lottesville, Va. ; reprinted in London and in Boston in the 
 same year, and in New York in 1830 ; all in 4 vols. 8vo. 
 But recently there has appeared a more important publi 
 cation, viz.: The Writings of Thomas Jefferson; being 
 his Autobiography, Correspondence, Reports, Messages, 
 Addresses, and other Writings, official and private ; from 
 the original manuscripts deposited in the Department of 
 State. With Explanatory Notes, tables of contents, and a 
 copious Index to each volume, as well as an Index to the 
 whole, N. York, 1854, 9 vols. 8vo. By the Editor, H. A. 
 Washington. This edit, is from the MSS. bequeathed to 
 Thomas Jefferson Randolph, the author's grandson, and 
 purchased by Congress in 1848. The reader is also re 
 ferred in addition to the histories of the Revolutionary 
 period to the following biographies of Jefferson : by 
 Professor George Tucker, Phila. and Lon., 1837, 2 vols. 
 Svo; by Wm. Linn, Ithaca, N. Y., 1834, 12mo; by B. L. 
 Rayner, Bost., 1834, 12rno; by H. A. Garland; by Theo 
 dore Dwight, 1839, 12mo. See also Observations on the 
 Writings of Thomas Jefferson, by H. Lee, of Virginia, N. 
 York, 1832, Svo, 1839, Svo, 1845, Svo, with addit. notes 
 by C. C. Lee, of Powhatan, in answer to George Tucker's 
 Remarks in his Life of Jefferson ; The Youth of Jefferson, 
 a Chronicle of College Scrapes at Williamsburg, in Vir 
 ginia, 1855, 12mo. It is worthy of observation that Jeffer 
 son's Manual of Parliamentary Practice (trans, into French 
 by L. A. Pichon, Paris, 1814, Svo) is still in use, and de 
 ferred to as an authority at Washington and elsewhere, 
 and an edit, has been pub. within the last three or four 
 years. It is incorporated in Sutherland's excellent Con 
 gressional Manual, of which the 2d edit, appeared in 1846, 
 Phila., 18mo. It may be expected that we should not 
 conclude a notice, however hasty and imperfect, of the 
 writings of Thomas Jefferson, without cautioning the 
 reader against the pernicious influence of those portions 
 of his lucubrations which assail the divine authority of 
 the Scriptures. But, indeed, it is hardly conceivable that 
 any intelligent and candid mind could be perverted by 
 the crudities and self-contradictory sophisms which dis 
 tinguish the theological speculations of the "Sage of 
 Monticello." The effect produced on our own mind 
 when as yet very young and inexperienced in the incon 
 sistencies of mental physiology by the perusal of a por 
 tion of Jefferson's famous letters to William Short was 
 that of astonishment that a mind apparently so inert ant 
 obtuse in metaphysics could evince vigour and acutenes 
 in political philosophy. That remarkable exhibition of 
 theologia dogmatica, Jefferson's Plutarchian contrast be 
 tween his own creed and that of the Founder of Christi 
 anity, would amuse us by its egotism, did it not shock u 
 by its irreverence. But, with whatever mortification a spec 
 tacle so humiliating may be regarded by the infidel, Chris 
 tianity has nothing to fear even from much more fonnidabl 
 opposition. 
 
 A graphic sketch of Mr. Jefferson's appearance, man 
 ners, and conversation, will be found in a letter of Judge 
 Joseph Story to Mr. Fay, dated Washington, May 30 
 1847, (see Story's Life and Corresp., i. 151-152;) and an 
 account of equal interest will be published in a few day 
 in the Private Correspondence of Daniel Webster, vol. i 
 364-373. Mr. Webster was so thoughtful as to preservi 
 an extended memoranda of Mr. Jefferson's remarks; an< 
 they will well repay perusal. Perhaps we cannot make i 
 better use of a portion of the small space to which we ar 
 confined in this article than by devoting it to Mr. Web 
 ster's summing up of the evidence in favour of Jefferson' 
 claim to the authorship of the Declaration of Independ 
 ence: 
 
 " The merit of this paper is Mr. Jefferson's. Some changes wer 
 made in it at the suggestion of other members of the committee 
 and others by Congress while it was under discussion. But non 
 of them altered the tone, the frame, the arrangement, or the gene 
 ral character, of the instrument. As a composition, the Declaratior 
 is Mr. Jefferson's. It is the production of his mind, and the high 
 honour of it belongs to him clearly and absolutely. To say tha 
 lie performed his great work well would be doing him injustice 
 To say that he did excellently well, admirably well, would be in 
 adequate and halting praise. Let us rather say that he so dis 
 charged the duty assigned him, that all Americana may wel 
 rejoice that the work of drawing the title-deed of their libertie 
 devolved upon him." A Discourse in Commemoration of the Live, 
 and Services of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson; delivered i 
 faneuil Hall, Boston, Aug. 2, 1826: Webster's Works, 1854, i. 126 
 JL27. 
 
 To the same effect another distinguished orator, and on 
 i like occasion, remarks : 
 
 " On the seventh of June, the resolution of independence waa 
 moved by Richard Henry Lee. On the eleventh, a committee of 
 ve was chosen to announce this resolution to the world; and 
 'homas Jefferson and John Adams stood at the head of this com 
 mittee. From their designation by ballot to this most honorable 
 uty, their prominent standing in the Congress might alone be in- 
 erred. In their amicable contention and deference each to the 
 ther of the great trust of composing the all-important document, 
 re witness their patriotic disinterestedness and their mutual re- 
 pect. This trust devolved on Jefferson, and with it rests on him 
 he imperishable renown of having penned the Declaration of Inde- 
 jendence. To have been the instrument of expressing, iu one 
 rief, decisive act, the concentrated will and resolution of a whole 
 family of States; of unfolding, in one all-important manifesto, the 
 causes, the motives, and the justification of this great movement in 
 111111:111 affairs; to have been permitted to give the impress and 
 >eculiarity of his own mind to a charter of public right, destined 
 >r, rather, let me say, already elevated to an importance, in the 
 estimation of men, equal to any thing human, ever borne on parch 
 ment, or expressed in the visible signs of thought, this is the 
 glory of Thomas Jefferson." EDWARD EVERETT : Eulogy on Adams 
 and Jefferson, 1st of Aug. 1826. Everett's Orations and Speeches, 
 1853, i. 131-149. 
 
 From an historical sketch of the public life of Jefferson, 
 by an eminent orator, still (1857) in the vigorous exercise 
 of his remarkable faculties at the ripe age of almost four 
 score, we extract a few lines which will be accepted in 
 whole, or with more or less reservation, as the political 
 judgment of our readers may incline. 
 
 " After Washington and Franklin, there is no person who fills so 
 eminent a place among the great men of America as Jefferson. 
 Whether we regard his important services in the Revolutionary 
 contest, or his subsequent assertion of the principles upon which 
 the separation was undertaken, both while ho filled a subordinate 
 station in Washington's presidency, thwarted by his colleagues, 
 as well as at variance with his chief, and while he administered him 
 self the government of that free and prosperous country, uo 
 reasonable doubt can be entertained, that to his enlightened views 
 and to the firmness of his character it is indebted for much of 
 that freedom and prosperity." LORD BROUGHAM : Review of George 
 Tucker's Life of Jefferson, Edin. Rev., 1837 ; and in Brougham's 
 collected Contrib. to' the Edin. Rev., Lon. and Glasg., 1856, iii. 443- 
 482. See TUCKER, GEORGE. 
 
 In addition to the authorities cited above, see Edin. 
 Rev., li. 496; Westm. Rev., xiii. 312; Eclec. Rev., 4th 
 Ser., v. 249; Lon. Month. Rev., cxxi. 277; Blackw. Mag., 
 xv. 509, xvi. 622, xvii. 67, xxx. 773, xxxiv. 296, 299; 
 N. Amer. Rev., xxxix. 238, xl. 170, (both by A. H. Everett,) 
 1. 511, (by A. Ritchie;) Amer. Whig Rev., xii. 33; Amer. 
 Quar. Rev., i. 54, vii. 123 ; Democrat. Rev., xxvii. 193 ; 
 N. York Rev., i. 5 ; Niles's Reg., xiv. 173, xxiv. 193, xxx. 
 35, 280, 329, 345, 368, 390, xxxi. 197, xliii., Supp., 37 j 
 South. Rev., v. 100; South. Lit Mess., iii. 31, 304, iv. 
 207, vi. 642, (by A. P. Upshur,) xv. 574; Knick., vi. 394, 
 537; Phila. Mus., xxxii. 289. 
 
 A new life of Mr. Jefferson, by Henry S. Randall, LL.D., 
 was pub. in 1858, 3 vols. Svo. Dr. R. received from the 
 representatives of Mr. Jefferson many family MSS., none 
 of which had seen the light. See RANDALL, HENRY, LL.D. 
 Jeffery, Jeffrey, or Geoffrey, of Monmouth. 
 See GEOFFREY OF MONMOUTH. 
 
 Jeffery, John, 1647-1720, a native of Ipswich, en- 
 tered of Catherine Hall, Cambridge, 1664; minister of 
 St. Peter's of Mancroft, Norwich, 1678; Archdeacon of 
 Norwich, 1694. A complete collection of his Serms. and 
 Tracts, Lon., 1753, 2 vols. Svo. See Memoirs prefixed to 
 the collection; Birch's Life of Tillotson. Jeflfery was a 
 friend of Sir T. Browne. 
 Jeffery, John. Serm., Lon., 1809, Svo. 
 Jeffery, Thomas, a Dissenting divine, settled at 
 Little Baddow, Essex, 1726, pub. a Serm., 1726, Svo, and 
 three tracts, treatises against Anthony Collins, the in 
 fidel, 1725, '26, '28, all Svo. Of the one entitled a Re 
 view, <fcc., 1726, Dr. Leland remarks: 
 
 " This is drawn up in a clear and judicious manner, and was 
 deservedly well esteemed." Deistical Writers, ed. 1837, 79. 
 Dr. Kennicott also commends Jeffery's answer to Collins. 
 Jefferys, Nathaniel, M.P. for the city of Coventry, 
 pub. tracts rel. to the Prince of Wales, Mrs. Fitzherbert, 
 <fcc., Lon., 1806, Svo, and an Account of Dublin, 1810. 
 
 Jefferys, Thomas, Geographer to George III., pub. 
 a number of atlases, historical, geographical, and other 
 works, for a list of which see Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Rich's 
 Bibl. Amer. Nova, vol. i. 
 
 Jeffray, James, M.D. Carious Joints, Glasg., 1806. 
 
 Jeffrey, Alexander. 1. Guide to the Antiquities 
 
 and Scenery of the Border, Lon., 1839, 18mo. 2. History 
 
 and Antiquities of Roxburghshire, <fcc. : vols. i. and ii., 1858. 
 
 See Lon. Athen., 681. 
 
 Jeffrey, Francis, Lord, 1773-1850, a native of 
 Edinburgh, the eldest son of George Jeffrey, Under-Clerk 
 in the Court of Sessions, was sent to the University of 
 
JEF 
 
 JEF 
 
 Glasgow in 1787, and removed in 1791 to Queen's College, 
 Oxford, where he remained but one session. In 1794 he 
 was admitted an advocate at the Scotch Bar, where his 
 services were so seldom called into requisition that he 
 declared, so late as 1803, he had never yet made 100 in 
 any one year by his profession. At the Speculative So 
 ciety, in Edinburgh, he became acquainted with a number 
 of young men of decided abilities, and, like himself, 
 anxious aspirants after fame and fortune; and with two 
 of these Sydney Smith and Henry Brougham he formed 
 a literary intimacy which resulted in the establishment of 
 the Edinburgh Review, originated by Smith, but confided 
 to the editorial care of Jeffrey after the publication of the 
 first three numbers. This responsible post was held by 
 Jeffrey from July, 1803, to June, 1829, when he withdrew 
 from the chair of the critic to occupy the post of Dean of 
 the Faculty of Advocates, an office of distinction at the 
 Scottish Bar. In 1830, Mr. Jeffrey was appointed Lord- 
 Advocate; in February, 1831, he took his seat in Parlia 
 ment, where he continued for more than three years, and 
 in 1834 succeeded Lord Craigie in the Court of Session, 
 which position gave him the honorary title of Lord Jeffrey. 
 He so demeaned himself in his high office as to secure the 
 favour of all classes with whom he was brought into con 
 tact, and many a poor author who had writhed under the 
 galling pen of the critic considered himself compensated 
 by the courteous accents and bland manners of the 
 judge. 
 
 "His great courtesy to the bar, and his singular patience, might 
 be taken as models of judicial demeanour. But who shall tell the 
 almost magic charm that he imparted to the dull routine of a Court 
 of Justice? That he touched nothing which he did not adorn was 
 the least of his praise. How many sat daily there, listening to the 
 wonderful words of that now remarkable sage, replete with wisdom, 
 eloquence, and legal lore, catching those bright jewels which he 
 scattered as profusely over the musty pages of a trumpery Record 
 as if he were engaged on some immortal work! Let our young 
 barristers who crowded that court-room tell how the dull shafts of 
 legal argument came back from his quiver tipped with silver, how 
 strangely and wonderfully the bright flashes of his mind lighted 
 up the darkest and dingiest recesses of the most technical walks of 
 jurisprudence, how known truths were decked, and dim, misty 
 paths of logic were illumined, by his genius, and how he seemed to 
 have summoned the aid of all the Muses to assist at the solemnities 
 of Themis. We may see great lawyers and great judges in our 
 day, but we shall never look upon his like again." North British 
 Review, xiii. 283. 
 
 We should not omit to state that in 1820 Jeffrey was 
 elected Lord-Rector of the University of Glasgow, a grate 
 ful tribute from his Alma Mater. 
 
 Of the personal appearance of Lord Jeffrey we have the 
 following portrait : 
 
 "In person the subject of our memoir was of low stature; but 
 his figure, which he tried to set off to the best advantage, was ele 
 gant and well proportioned. His features were continually varying 
 in expression, and were said to have baffled our best artists. The 
 face was rather elongated, the chin deficient, the mouth well formed, 
 with a mingled expression of determination, sentiment, and mock 
 ery. The eye was the most peculiar feature of the countenance : 
 it was large and sparkling, but with a want of transparency." 
 Sketches of the Scottish Bar. 
 
 It was in 1815 that Jeffrey "set up his rustic house 
 hold-gods" at Craigcrook, near Edinburgh, where he con 
 tinued to pass his summers until the year of his death. 
 There he entertained his numerous guests in a manner of 
 which Lord Cockburn has given us a graphic picture : 
 
 "No unofficial house in Scotland," saysliis Lordship, "has had a 
 greater influence on literary or political opinion. Beautiful though 
 the spot, as he has kept it, is, its deepest interest arises from its 
 being the residence of such a man. Nothing can efface the days 
 they have passed there from the recollection of his friends. Their 
 rural festivities are dignified by his virtues and talents, by all our 
 Edinburgh eminence, and by almost every interesting stranger. 
 The Craigcrook Saturdays during the summer session I" Lord 
 Cockburn's Memorials of his Time, 1856. 
 
 Lord Jeffrey was married twice, first, in 1804, to Cathe 
 rine, daughter of the Rev. Dr. Wilson, of St. Andrew's ; 
 and secondly, in 1813, to Charlotte, daughter of Charles 
 Wilkes, of New York, and grand-niece of the celebrated 
 John Wilkes, of London. 
 
 The history of the Edinburgh Review is one of the most 
 interesting pages in the annals of English Literature; and 
 ample details respecting this periodical, and its influence 
 upon letters, will be found in the authorities quoted from 
 or referred to in this article, and in other works familiar 
 to many of our readers. It was successful from the com 
 mencement; and in the space of six years the circulation 
 had increased from 750 to about 9000. In 1813 the num 
 ber of each copy printed was 12,000 to 13,000. The radi 
 cal changes both in opinion and statutes introduced by its 
 influence, at an early or later day, were remarkable in 
 deed: 
 
 Engla 
 
 To appreciate the value of the Edinburgh Review, the state of 
 nd at the period when that journal began should be had in 
 
 960 
 
 remembrance. The Catholics were not emancipated the Corpora 
 tion and Test Act were unrepealed the Game-Laws were horribly 
 oppressive, Steel-Traps and Spring-Guns were set all over the 
 country Prisoners tried for their lives could have no Counsel 
 Lord Eldon and the Court of Chancery pressed heavily upon man 
 kind Libel was punished by the most cruel and vindictive im 
 prisonments the principles of Political Economy were little under 
 stood the Law of Debt and of Conspiracy were upon the worst 
 possible footing the enormous wickedness of the Slave-Trade was 
 tolerated a thousand evils were in existence, which the talents 
 of good and able men have since lessened or removed; and these 
 effects have been not a little assisted by the honest boldness of the 
 Edinburgh Review." REV. SYDNEY SMITH, June, 1839 : Preface to 
 his Works. 
 
 " Previous to 1802, the literary periodicals of Great Britain were 
 repositories of miscellanies relating to art, poetry, letters, and 
 gossip, partly original and partly selected, huddled together with 
 out system, and making up a medley as varied and respectable as 
 a first-class weekly newspaper of the present day. The criticisms 
 of books were jejune in the extreme, consisting chiefly of a few 
 smart witticisms and meagre connecting remarks, stringing to 
 gether ample quotations from the work under review. They rarely 
 ventured into deep water on philosophical subjects, and as seldom 
 pushed out upon the tempestuous sea of political discussion. Per 
 haps one or two journals might plead a feeble exception to the 
 general rule, but the mass were 'weary, stale, flat, and unprofit 
 able.' The Edinburgh Review appeared. It bounded into the 
 arena without the countenance of birth or station, without the 
 imprimatur of the universities or literary clubs. Its avowed mis 
 sion was to erect a higher standard of merit and secure a bolder 
 and a purer taste in literature, and to apply philosophical princi 
 ples and the maxims of truth and humanity to politics, aiming to 
 be the manual of the scholar, the monitor of the statesman. As in 
 its advent it had asked permission of no one to be, so, as to its future 
 course, it asked no advice as to what it should do. Soliciting no 
 quarter, promising no favours, its independent bearing and defiant 
 tone broke the spell which held the mind of a nation in fetters. 
 Its first number revived the discussion of great political principles. 
 The splendid diction and searching philosophy of an essay on the 
 causes and consequences of the French Revolution [written by 
 Jeffrey] at once arrested the public eye, and stamped the character 
 of the journal. Pedants in the pulpit, and scribblers of Rosa-Ma 
 tilda verses in printed albums, saw, from other articles in the mani 
 festo, that exterminating war was declared on their inanities and 
 sentimentalities. The new journal was perused with avidity, and 
 produced a sensation in all classes of readers, exciting admiration 
 and envy, love and hatred, defiance and fear. It rapidly attained 
 a large circulation, steadily rose to the highest position ever at 
 tained by any similar publication, reigned supreme in an empire 
 of its own creation for a third of a century, accomplishing vast 
 good mingled with no inconsiderable evil." Stantoris Reforms and 
 Reformers of Great Britain and Ireland. 
 
 "The commencement of the Edinburgh Review was the dis 
 covery of a new world in criticism, to which all authors were liable 
 to be transported as criminals, and there dealt with according to 
 laws made on the spot, and executed by those who made them. 
 The speculation answered well, the adventurers grew rich and 
 renowned, and their ambition increased with their wealth and cele 
 brity." JAMES MONTGOMERY: Lects. on General Lit., Poetry, <c. 
 But let us hear something on the other side : 
 " All were the better of a journal to which every one with an 
 object of due importance had access, which it was m vain either to 
 bully or to despise, and of the fame of which even its reasonable 
 haters were inwardly proud. . . . Certainly it was not for want of 
 warning that what were said to be its errors were persevered in. 
 Its enemies, for several years, found great comfort in its abuse, 
 which they vented in streams of pamphlets that make curious 
 reading now. Instead of practising the moderation and candour 
 the absence of which from the review is their great complaint, they 
 almost uniformly exceed, by a hundredfold, most of the offences 
 which they ascribe to it. But they are generally kind enough to 
 admonish the wicked editor of the disgrace into which he is falling 
 in the sight of all good men, and of the speedy extinction of his abo 
 minable work." LORD COCKBURN: Life of Lord Jeffrey, vol. i., 1852. 
 " It was not the principles of the Edinburgh Review, but the 
 spirit, that was looked at with jealousy and alarm. The principles 
 were by no means decidedly hostile to existing institutions, but 
 the spirit was that of fair and free discussion : a field was open to 
 argument and wit; every question was tried upon its own ostensible 
 merits, and there was no foul play. The tone was that of a studied 
 impartiality, (which may be called trimming,) or of a sceptical in 
 difference. This tone of impartiality and indifference, however, did 
 not at all suit those who profited or existed by abuses, who breathed 
 the very air of corruption. They knew well enough that ' those 
 who are not for them are against them.' " HazlitVs Spirit of the 
 Age: Mr. Jeffrey. 
 
 " I hope you read the Edinburgh Review : it is far the best of our 
 periodical publications. It is charged with severity; but the accu 
 sation is most loudly made by bad writers and their stupid admirers. 
 For my part I am not displeased to see the laws of the republic of 
 letters enforced with some rigour against delinquents who have too 
 long enjoyed a scandalous impunity." SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH: 
 Letter to M. Gentz, Feb. 5, 1804; in Mackintosh's Life, by his Son. 
 In connexion with Lord Cockburn's remarks, doubtless 
 many amusing instances of indignant reviewed authorship 
 will recur to the memory of our readers. Lord Byron's 
 case we have already considered at large, and we now 
 notice, in passing, the philosophical wrath of Wordsworth, 
 who classed Robespierre, Buonaparte, and Jeffrey together 
 | as the three most formidable enemies of the human race 
 I who had appeared in his remembrance, and the school 
 boy petulance of Southey, who says that Jeffrey's review 
 ! of Madoc (Edin. Rev., Oct. 1805) "is very unfair and 
 very uncivil." Letter to Mrs. Southey, Oct. 16, 1805. 
 
JEP 
 
 JEF 
 
 "To Jeffrey as an individual I shall ever be ready to show every 
 kind of individual courtesy ; bnt of Judge Jeffrey, of the Edinburgh 
 Review, I must ever think and speak as a bad politician, a worse 
 moralist, and a critic, in matters of taste, equally incompetent and 
 unjust.' 1 Letter to Walter Scott, Dec. 8, 1807; Southey's Life and 
 Corresp. 
 
 Is there any thing in the world more ridiculous than 
 the wailings of an author over the wounds which the 
 arrows of criticism have inflicted upon his literary off 
 spring? From the days of the "enemy" of the patient 
 Job, was there ever yet a man who " wrote a book," and | 
 saw that book in the hands of the executioner, who was j 
 not laughed at by the "sympathizing public" for his I 
 lamentations or his revilings ? We shall do well to re 
 member these amiable comments of ours when our own | 
 leviathan of a volume is passing "under the saws and 
 harrows" of the Philistines. 
 
 Southey, indeed, had, long before the date of either of 
 the remarks just quoted, expressed an unfavourable opinion 
 of the Edinburgh periodical : 
 
 "Their philosophy appears in their belief in Hindoo chronology; 
 and when they abuse Parr's style, it is rather a knock at the dead 
 lion, old Johnson. A first number has great advantages; the re 
 viewers say their say upon all subjects, and lay down the law : 
 that contains the Institutes ; by-and-by they can only comment." 
 Letter to C. W. W. Wynn, Dec. 22, 1802. 
 
 " The Edinburgh Review will not keep its ground. It consists 
 of pamphlets instead of critical accounts." Letter to S. T. Cole 
 ridge, March 14, 1803: Southey' s Life and Corresp. 
 
 But the "Edinburgh Review" has "kept its ground;'' 
 and many of its brilliant papers are, and always will be, 
 read twenty times where Madoc, or any other work of 
 Southey's, is or will be read once. 
 
 Lord Jeffrey's contributions to the Edinburgh Review 
 extend over a period of almost half a century, the first, 
 (the first article in the first No., to which he contributed 
 five papers,) Mounier sur la Revolution de France, 
 bearing date October, 1802, and the last Watt or Caven 
 dish ? given to the world January, 1848. The 98th No., 
 pub. June, 1829, was the last he edited; and the review 
 of the Memoirs of Lady Fanshawe, which appeared in 
 October, 1829, was the last article he furnished as a regu 
 lar contributor. His only papers after this date were 
 Naval Tactics, April, 1830; Memoirs of Sir J. Mackintosh, 
 October, 1835; Wilberforce's Correspondence, October, 
 1840; Watt or Cavendish? January, 1848. A list of his 
 articles 200 in all will be found in the Appendix to 
 Lord Cockburn's Life of the Author. His biographer, and 
 other friends, had often urged him, but in vain, to de 
 signate his articles; but at last, in December, 1840, Lord 
 Cockburn found him in a yielding mood, and number 
 after number of the Review was brought under examina 
 tion, until the whole had been subjected to a rigid scru 
 tiny. The results we have already stated. In 1843, he 
 consented, at the request of the publishers of the Review, 
 to make a selection from his contributions for the purpose 
 of republication, and in this year appeared Contributions 
 to the Edinburgh Review, by Francis Jeffrey, 4 vols. 8vo, 
 2 8s.; 2d edit., 1846, 3 vols. 8vo, 2 2s.; 3d ed., 1853, 1 
 vol. 8vo, pp. 1005, 1 !., with a general Index. 
 
 The contents of these edits, are the same. Of the 199 
 articles which had been contributed to the Review, (the 
 200th was pub. in Jan. 1848,) we have in this collection 
 only 79, which are thus classified: I. General Literature 
 and Literary Biography, 10 articles; II. History and His 
 torical Memoirs, 10 articles; III. Poetry, 22 artiples; 
 IV. Philosophy of the Mind, Metaphysics, and Jurispru 
 dence, 6 articles; V. Novels, Tales, and Prose Works of 
 Fiction, 8 articles; VI. General Politics, 6 articles; VII. 
 Miscellanies, 17 articles. At the close of the collection are 
 added Notice of the Honourable Henry Erskine, from The 
 Edinburgh Courant, Oct. 16, 1817; Notice and Character 
 of Professor Playfair, from an Edinburgh paper of Aug. 
 1819; Notice and Character of James Watt, from the 
 Scotsman, Sept. 4, 1819. It is proper to state that the 
 article entitled BEAUTY, contributed by Jeffrey to the 
 Supplement to the Encyclopaedia Britannica in 1824, (but 
 prepared, Lord Cockburn says, in 1816,) is an enlarge 
 ment of his review of Alison's Nature and Principles of 
 Taste, pub. in the Edinburgh Review, May, 1811. In 
 Jeffrey's collected Contributions to the Edinburgh Review, 
 the article Beauty appears in its complete form as pub. 
 in the Encyclopedia Britannica. We quote two rather 
 antagonistic opinions upon this essay : 
 
 "Of all the treatises that have been published on the theory of 
 taste, it is the most complete in its philosophy and the most de 
 lightful in its writing; and it is as sound as the subject admits of." 
 LORD COCKBURN : Life of Lord Jeffrey, vol. i. 
 
 "Few works of the kind are more questionable in the principle, 
 or more loose in the arrangement and argument." LyaU's Ago- 
 nistes; or, Philosophical Strictures, t&., Lon., 1856, 18-44. 
 61 
 
 There are still 121 of Jeffrey's contributions to the Edin 
 burgh Review uncollected. This should be so no longer. 
 Those subjects of his criticism who would have been 
 aggrieved by the republication of the strictures of the re 
 viewer have almost all passed away, and, if their reputa 
 tion is so frail as to be affected by a little good-humoured 
 ridicule, it is not worth preservation. 
 
 Our curious friends will be gratified to know that the 
 authors of many of the articles in the Edinburgh Review 
 will be found in the London Gentleman's Magazine for 
 1845, Pt. 1, 497-500, (articles in vols. i.-xv.;) ibid., Pt. 2, 
 585-589, (articles in vols. xvi.-xxxvii.) 
 
 A list of the authors of many of the contributions to the 
 Quarterly Review will be found in the Gent. Mag. for 
 1844, Pt. 1, 137-141, (articles in vols. i.-xix.;) ibid., Pt. 1, 
 577-580, (articles in vols. xxi.-xxxix.;) 1845, Pt. 1, 599- 
 602, (articles in vols. xli.-lix. ; 1847, Pt. 2, 34-37, (arti 
 cles in vols. Ixi.-lxxviii.) 
 
 An interesting history of the Review and its contri 
 butors will be found in Lord Cockburn's Life of Lord Jef 
 frey. See also a pa.per on the originators of the Quar 
 terly, in Gent. Mag., 1844, Pt. 1, p. 246; and see our life 
 of WILLIAM GIFFORD, in this Dictionary. 
 
 We have already intimated that the formidable critic 
 was a most agreeable companion, that the lion of the Re 
 view was the lamb of the dinner-table and evening circle. 
 Sometimes, however, even Jeffrey's politeness was not 
 proof against boredom. There was "a time with him 
 when patience ceased to be a virtue." Of one of these in 
 stances of human frailty we have an amusing account by 
 Lady Holland : 
 
 "The reigning bore at this time in Edinburgh was ; his 
 
 favourite subject, the North Pole. It mattered not how far south 
 you began, you found yourself transported to the North Pole be 
 fore you could take breath. No one escaped him. My father de 
 clared he should invent a slip button. Jeffrey fled from him aa 
 from the plague, when possible; but one day his arch-tormentor met 
 him in a narrow lane, and began instantly on the North Pole. 
 Jeffrey, in despair, and out of all patience, darted past him, ex 
 claiming, 'Hang the North Pole!' My father met him shortly 
 after, boiling with indignation at Jeffrey's contempt of the North 
 Pole. 'Oh, my dear fellow,' said my father, 'never mind; no one 
 minds what Jeffrey says, you know ; he is a privileged person; he 
 respects nothing, absolutely nothing. Why, you will scarcely be 
 lieve it, but it is not more than a week ago that I heard him speak 
 disrespectfully of the equator.' "Memoir of the Rev. Sydney Smith. 
 
 For further notices of Jeffrey, and Jeffrey's "swashing 
 blows," see, in addition to the authorities already referred 
 to, Lockhart's Life of Sir Walter Scott; Introduc. to the 
 Lay of the Last Minstrel ; Sir Archibald Alison's Hist, of 
 Europe, 1815-52, chap, v., and his Essays, 1850, vol. v. ; 
 Hazlitt's Spirit of the Age ; Gilfillan's Literary Portraits, 
 Galleries 1st and 3d; Allan Cunningham's Biog. and 
 Grit. Hist, of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years ; The Perio 
 dical Press of Great Britain and Ireland ; Sir T. N. Tal- 
 fourd's Essays; Lyall's Agonistes; Tuckerman's Mental 
 Portraits ; Whipple's Essays and Reviews ; Chambers's 
 Papers for the People, vols. i. and ii. ; Cleveland's Eng. Lit 
 of the 19th Cent.; North Brit. Rev., xi. 252, xiii. 146, xvii. 
 153 ; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xv. 434, xxxi. 606 ; Westm. 
 Rev., liii. 1 ; Irish Quar. Rev., ii. 249 ; National Review, 
 No. 2, 1856 ; Blackwood's Mag., ii. 70, 72, 86, 674, iii. 75, 
 iv. 751, vii. 319, viii. 567, x., Preface, 669, n., xi. 438, 
 485, 608, xii. 186, 701, xiii. 51, 93, 95, 96, 476, 717, xiv. 
 82, 220, 501, 502, xv. 122, 144, 558, xvi. 165, 166, xvii. 
 461, 486, xxi. 106, xxii. 546, xxiii. 482, xxiv. 15, 16, 
 692, xxvi. 593, xxvii. 283, 665, xxix. 190, 664, 741, 748, 
 869, 878, 891, 929, 934, xxx. 300, 409, 412, 896, xxxiL 
 116, 854, xxxvii. 818, xxxviii. 297; Lon. Gent. Mag., 
 1850; N. Amer. Rev., xxxv. 181; N. York Eclec. Mag., 
 xx. 269 ; Democratic Rev., xxvii. 320 ; Knickerbocker, xxii. 
 270; Bost. Liv. Age, xxiv. 599, xxv. 172; Phila. Analec. 
 Mag., xiv. 52. 
 
 We may be permitted, in passing, to observe that, of 
 Lord Jeffrey's 200 papers in the Edinburgh Review, 
 almost if not quite every one is either quoted from or 
 referred to in this Dictionary. This article is already 
 sufficiently long, but we feel unwilling to close it without 
 at least a few quotations, without a few reviews of the 
 great reviewer: 
 
 "He was not so much distinguished by the predominance of any 
 one great quality as by the union of several of the finest. Rapidity 
 of intellect, instead of misleading, as it often does, was combined 
 in him with great soundness ; and a high condition of the reasoning 
 powers with an active and delightful fancy. Though not what is 
 termed learned, his knowledge was various; and on literature, 
 politics, and the philosophy of life, it was deep. A taste exquisitely 
 delicate and largely exercised was one of the great sources of his 
 enjoyment, and of his unmatched critical skill." LORD COCKBURN : 
 Life of Lord Jeffrey. 
 
 " He is thoroughly acquainted with the progress and pretensions 
 of modern literature and philosophy; and to this he adds the 
 
JEF 
 
 JEN 
 
 natural actiteness and discrimination of the logician with the 
 habitual caution and coolness of his profession. . . . The cha 
 racteristics of Mr. Jeffrey's general style as a writer correspond, we 
 think, with what we have stated as the characteristics of his mind. 
 He is a master of the foils : he makes an exulting display of the 
 dazzling fence of wit and argument. His strength consists in a 
 great range of knowledge, an equal familiarity with the principles 
 and the details of a subject, and in a glancing brilliancy and rapid 
 ity of style. Indeed, we doubt whether the brilliancy of his man 
 ner does not resolve itself into the rapidity, the variety and aptness 
 of his illustrations. His pen is never at a loss, never stands still ; 
 and would dazzle for this reason alone, like an eye that is ever 
 in motion. Mr. Jeffrey is far from a flowery or affected writer : he 
 has few tropes or figures, still less any odd startling thoughts or 
 quaint innovations in expression ; but he has a constant supply of 
 ingenious solutions and pertinent examples; he never proses, never 
 grows dull, never wears an argument to tatters; and, by the num 
 ber, the liveliness, and facility of his transitions, keeps that ap 
 pearance of vivacity, of novel and sparkling effect, for which others 
 are too often indebted to singularity of combination or tinsel 
 ornaments." HazUWs Spirit of tlte Age. 
 
 No one denies all this : but less partial critics can see 
 defects as well as beauties ; and less partial critics there 
 fore must be allowed to give an opinion in the premises : 
 
 " What then is wanting to enable him to fill the judgment-seat 
 of criticism with honour to himself and with profit to others ? He 
 wants imagination. He not only has little imagination of his own, 
 but he does not perceive that no work of genius can exist without 
 it ; that it is the preserving soul which makes works immortal. 
 Wherever he has met with it, he looks upon it with the eye of con 
 tempt, and casts it from him, as the Arabs did the Oriental pearls in 
 the wilderness. This is the chief secret of the scorn which he has 
 heaped on the chief poets of the day : his reviews of Scott, Words 
 worth, Southey, Coleridge, and Montgomery, all exhibit the ori 
 ginal deficiency of the critic : they are not judged by their pens; he 
 cannot judge them : they have risen beyond his reach, into the 
 atmosphere of imagination. To his upturned and wondering eyes, 
 such flights are folly, and he thinks that genius, like Antaeus, must 
 die when it forsakes the ground. Had Jeffrey possessed imagina 
 tion, he would never have penned the insulting reviews to which 
 I allude. His criticisms did great injury to the cause of literature; 
 his sarcastic strictures tamed down the elastic and bounding spirit 
 of man ; poets wrote with the fear of the critic upon them, and 
 dreaded the universal laugh of the world. Birds seldom sing well 
 when the kite is in the air, and bards dreaded the Judge Jeffrey 
 of our day as much as political offenders dreaded the Judge Jef 
 freys of James the Second. By criticisms such as this, true genius 
 is defrauded of its fame for a time, and elegant and polished me 
 diocrity prospers and flourishes. Where are many of the writers 
 he has praised? gone to oblivion, with all their point and their 
 glitter. Where are some of the writers he has traduced and abused ? 
 sitting on the highest pinnacles of fame." Allan Cunningham's 
 Biog. and Grit. Hist, of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years, 1833. 
 
 u Such being the nature of true Poets and true poetry, and such 
 the light in which they are regarded by the race whom they ele 
 vate, what, pray, it may be asked, did Mr. Jeffrey mean t'other 
 day, by saying that all the Poets of this Age are forgotten? [See 
 Edin. Rev., No. 95.] There are few people whom we love and ad 
 mire more than Mr. Jeffrey, though we believe he does not know 
 it; but why will he, in his elegant and graceful way, speak such 
 nonsense ? Scott, Byron, Southey, Coleridge, Wordsworth, Moore, 
 are, he assures us, already all forgotten or nearly so. fading 
 away, mere specks on the distant horizon of men's clouded memo 
 ries! Why, our dear sir, you might just as well affirm that the 
 stars are forgotten, because thousands of coachfuls of people, coming 
 and going to and from evening parties, are not at the time aware 
 that the heavens are full of them, that shepherds are watching by 
 them on the hills, and sailors sailing by them on the seas, and 
 astronomers counting them in observatories and occasionally dis 
 covering one that had been invisible to the mole-eyes of men since 
 the creation. Yet in all the nonsense Mr. Jeffrey ever spoke, or may 
 speak, you always may find some grains of sense : for who doubts 
 his sagacity and his genius ? Not one of our great or good living 
 Poets is forgotten at this hour by Mr. Jeffrey himself, nor any of 
 those critiques of his own, either, in which he did noble justice to 
 some of them and ignoble injustice to others, according to the 
 transient or permanent moods by which his taste, feeling, and judg 
 ment were swayed. Nor are his critiques themselves likely to be 
 forgotten, soon or ever ; for many of them belong, we verily believe, 
 to our philosophical literature. But they hold the tenure of their 
 existence by the existence of the poetry which they sought to illus 
 trate or obscure : from the ' golden urns of those Poets' did he ' draw 
 light,' the light in which he is himself conspicuous ; and, were it 
 extinguished, his literary life would be a blank." PROFESSOR WIL 
 SON : Blackw. Mag., Feb. 1830 ; and in his Essays Critical and Ima 
 ginative, Edin. and Lon., 1856, i. 355, 356. See also Blackw. Mag., 
 June, 1828, or Essays, i. 245. 
 
 " Our very ideas of what is poetry," says Sir Walter Scott of 
 Jeffrey, " differ so widely, that we rarely talk upon these subjects. 
 There is something in his mode of reasoning that leads me greatly 
 to doubt whether, notwithstanding the vivacity of his imagination, 
 he really has any feeling of poetical genius, or whether he has 
 worn it all off by perpetually sharpening his wit on the grindstone 
 of criticism. ... I should be glad for his own sake that he took 
 some opportunity to retrace the paths of his criticism ; but, after 
 pledging himself so deeply as he has done, I doubt much his giving 
 way, even unto conviction." Sir Walter Scott to Joanna Baillie, 
 Jan. 17 and April 4, 1812 ; LoclcharPs Life of Scott. 
 
 "But, with my friend Jeffrey's pardon, I think he loves to see 
 imagination best when it ia bitted and managed, and ridden upon 
 the grandpas. He does not make allowance for starts and sallies 
 and bounds, when Pegasus is beautiful to behold, though some 
 times perilous to his rider." Scott's Diary, Jan. 1, 1827 : iWi supra. 
 " The celebrated editor of this work, [Edinburgh Review,] with 
 little imagination, little genuine wit, and no clear view of any 
 
 great and central principles of criticism, has contrived to dazzle, to 
 astonish, and occasionally to delight, multitudes of readeis, and, at 
 one period, to hold the temporary fate of authors at his will. Ilia 
 qualifications are all singularly adapted to his office. Without 
 deep feeling, which few can understand, he has a quick sensibility, 
 with which all sympathize; without a command of images, he has 
 a glittering radiance of words which the most superficial may 
 admire : neither too hard-hearted always to refuse his admiration, 
 nor too kindly to suppress a sneer, he has been enabled to appear 
 most witty, most wise, and most eloquent, to those who have 
 chosen him for their oracle." SIR N. TALFOURD : Crit. and Miscett. 
 Writings. . 
 
 " Jeffrey, who took the lead in this great revolution in literature, 
 was a very remarkable man, but more so from the light, airy turn 
 of his mind, and the felicity of illustration which he possessed, than 
 from either originality of thought or nervous force of expression. 
 His information was far from extensive: he shared in the defi 
 ciency of his country at that period in classical knowledge ; he was 
 ignorant of Italian and German ; and his acquaintance with French 
 literature was chiefly confined to the gossiping memoirs of the 
 day, and, with that of his own country, to the writings of the Scotch 
 metaphysicians or the old English dramatists. But these subjects 
 he knew thoroughly ; within these limits he was thoroughly mas 
 ter. He was fitted by nature to be a great critic. A passionate 
 admirer of poetry, alive to all the beauties and influences of nature, 
 with a feeling mind and a sensitive heart, he possessed at the same 
 time the calm judgment which enabled him to form an impartial 
 opinion on the works submitted to his examination, and the correct 
 taste which, in general, discovered genius and detected imperfec- 
 tir>ns in them." SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON : Hist, of Europe, 1815-52, 
 chap. v. See also his Essays, Polit.. Hist., and'Misccll., Edin. and 
 Lon., 1850. vol. iii. 
 
 Jeffreys, Lord, d. 1703, son of "hanging Lord 
 Jeffreys," is said to have pub. two poetical pieces in the 
 State Poems, 4 vols. 8vo, and The Argument rel. to the 
 E. India Co., &c., Lon., 1689, fol. 
 
 Jeffreys, George, 1678-1755. Miscellanies in Prose 
 and Verse, 1754, 4to. The anonymous verses prefixed to 
 Cato were written by Jeffreys. See Nichols's Select Collec. 
 
 Jeffreys, H., Archdeacon of Bombay. Charges against 
 Custom and Public Opinion ; 2d ed., Lon., 1838, 12mo. 
 
 Jeffreys, Julius. British Army in India, Lon., 1858. 
 
 Jeffries, Daniel. Treatise on Diamonds and Pearls, 
 Lon., 1750, '51, 8vo. Highly commended. 
 
 Jeffries, John, M.D., 1744-1819, a native of Boston, 
 pub. A Narrative of Two Aerial Voyages, one from London 
 to Kent, and one from England into France, Lon., 1786, 
 4to. See Thacher's Amer. Med. Biog. 
 
 Jegon, Win. Two Serins., 1685, 1707, both 4to. 
 
 Jekyd, Nat. Finance of G. Britain, 1817. 
 
 Jekyl, Sir Joseph, d. 1738, Master of the Kolls. 
 The Judicial Authority of the Master of the Rolls. 
 
 Jekyl, Thomas, D.D., Vicar of Rowde, pub. three 
 Serms., 1680, '81, '97, and three theolog. treatises. 
 
 Jekyll, Joseph. 1. Temple Church, <fec., Lon., 1811, 
 4to. 2. Sancbo's Letters, 1782, 2 vols. 8vo; 1803, 8vo. 
 
 Jelf, Richard William, D.D., Canon of Christ 
 Church, Oxford; Principal of King's College, London; 
 former Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford. 1. Serins., Doc 
 trinal and Practical, preached abroad, Lon., 1835-, 8vo. 2. 
 The Means of Grace : 8 Serms. at the Bampton Lect, for 
 1844, Oxf., 1844, 8vo. See JEWEL or JEWELL, JOHN, D.D. 
 
 Jelf, W. E. 1. Greek Gfammar, from the German 
 of Ktihner, Lon., 1842-45, 2 vols. 8vo; 1851, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 2. XII. Serms., 1848, 8vo. 3. Appen. to Eton Greek 
 Gram.. 1849, 12mo. 
 
 Jelinger, Christopher. Serms., &c., 1649-76. 
 
 Jelly, Harry. Serms. at Bath, Lon., 1840, 8vo. 
 
 Jemmat, Mrs. Her Memoirs, Lon., 1761, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Jemmat, Wm. Serms., Ac., Lon., 1624, '44, 8vo. 
 
 Jemmett, Wm. T. Acts rel. to Adnrinis. of Law 
 in Cts. of Equity; 2d ed., Lon., 1836, 12mo. 
 
 Jenings, Abr. Miraculum Basilicon ; truly exhibit 
 ing tbe wonderful Preservation of his sacred Majesty after 
 the Battle of Worcester, Lon., 1664, 8vo. 
 
 Jenings, Edward. See JENYNGES. 
 
 Jenings, John. Serin., Lon., 1701, 4to. 
 
 Jenison, Robert. Serms., <fec., Lon., 1621-48. 
 
 Jenison, Robert. The Popish Plot, Lon., 1679, fol. 
 
 Jenkin, Robert, D.D., 1656-1727, a native of Min 
 ster, Thanet, Lady Margaret's Prof, of Divinity, pub. 
 several theolog. works, of which the best-known is the one 
 entitled The Reasonableness and Certainty of the Chris 
 tian Religion, 1696-97, 12mo. Of this work there were 6 
 ! edits. : the best is that of 1734, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "On the antiquity, the inspiration, the style, the canon, the 
 Various readings, the chronology, the obscurity, <fcc. of the Scrip 
 tures, his reasonings and statements are well deserving of atten 
 tion." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 Also recommended by Bishops Cleaver, Watson, and 
 Tomline. 
 
 Jenkin, Thomas. Miracles, Cainb., 1750, 8vo. 
 
 Jenkin, Wm. See JENKYN. 
 
 Jenkins, Alex. Hist, of Exeter, Exet., 1806, 8vo. 
 
JEN 
 
 Jenkins, Capt. C. England's Triumph; or, Spanish 
 Cowardice Expos'd, 1739, 8vo. 
 
 Contains the Exploits of Hawking, Drake, Sir Walter 
 Raleigh, Sir Richard Grenvil, Capt. Cavendish's Voyage, 
 Blake, Wager, <fec. 
 
 Jenkins, Charles, 1786-1831, minister of Portland, 
 Maine, pub. several serins, and some poems, 1830-32. 
 
 Jenkins, David, 1586?-1667, one of the judges for 
 South Wales, distinguished for his loyalty to, and suffer 
 ings for, the cause of Charles I., pub. in 1648, 12mo, his 
 Works, consisting of his vindication, occasional tracts/ <fcc., 
 which, with some legal treatises, &c., were written in 
 prison. He is best known by his Eight Centuries of Re 
 ports Ex. Ch. and in Error, 4 Hen. III.-21 Jac. I, (1228- 
 1623;) 3d ed., Lon., 1771-77; his treatise Lex Terrae 
 Angliae, 1647, 4vo; and his Pacis Consultum, 1657, 8vo. 
 See Athen. Oxon. ; Bridginan's Leg. Bibl.; Marvin's Leg. 
 Bibl., and authorities there cited; Wallace's Reporters; 
 Disraeli's Comment on the Life and Reign of Charles I. 
 
 Jenkins, Jeremiah. Medical work, Lon., 1810, 8vo. 
 
 Jenkins, John, d. 1823. Art of Writing, 1805. 
 
 Jenkins, John S. 1. Generals of the Last War 
 with G. Britain, Auburn, N.Y., 12mo. 2. Life of James 
 K. Polk, 12mo. 3. Lives of the Governors of the State of 
 New York, 8vo. 4. Lives of Patriots and Heroes of the 
 American Revolution, 18mo. 5. Political Hist, of New 
 York, 8vo. 6. New Clerk's Assistant ; last ed., 1855, 8vo. 
 7. Life of Silas Wright. 8. Hist, of the Mexican War, 
 12mo. 9. The Heroines of History, 1853, 12mo. 10. Life 
 of Andrew Jackson : new ed., 1855, 12mo. 11. Pacific and 
 Dead Sea Expeditions. 
 
 Jenkins, Joseph, a Baptist minister, pub. several 
 serms. and theolog. treatises, 1775-1805. 
 
 Jenkins, Sir Leoline, 1623-1685, a distinguished 
 statesman and civilian, Judge of the Admiralty Court, <fcc., 
 filled several important stations with great credit. His 
 Letters and Papers, Argument on the Admiralty Juris 
 diction, <fec., with his life, were pub. by Wynne, in 1724, 
 2 vols. fol. This is a most valuable work. 
 
 " T wish Mr. Hall to publish in his Law Journal [see HALL, JOHN 
 E., ante] Sir Leoline Jenkins's Argument on the Admiralty Juris 
 diction, and, indeed, all his legal opinions and dissertations at large. 
 They are full of instruction, and particularly useful in Prize Law. 
 ... I would give fifty dollars for a copy of Sir Leoline's works." 
 Judge Joseph Story to Mr. Williams. July, 1813 ; Story's Life and 
 Corresp., i. 227, 228; and see p. 268. 
 
 See also Red. Mar. Com., 431 ; Wheaton's Hist. Laws of 
 Nations, 103; Wynne's Life of Jenkins; Biog. Brit. 
 
 Jenkins, Robert C. The Liturgy, Camb., 12mo. 
 
 Jenkins, Samuel. A Machine; Phil. Trans., 1740. 
 
 Jenkins, T. Benefices, Westm., 1736, 8vo. 
 
 Jenkins, Major T. A. The Lady and her Horse, 
 Madras, 1858. 
 
 Jenkins, Thomas. Trials, 1806, '08, '10. 
 
 Jenkins, Warren. Ohio Gazetteer and Traveller's 
 Guide, Columbus, 1837, 12mo ; 1839, 12mo. 
 
 " As far as we are able to form a judgment of its merits, this 
 seems to be an extremely well composed and valuable manual." 
 Jf. Amer. Rev., Jan. 1840. 
 
 Jenkins, Wm. Serm., Lon., 1652, 4to. 
 
 Jenkins, Wm. Farewell Serms., 1663, 4to. 
 
 Jenkinson, Anthony, travelled 1557-61, in Russia, 
 Bokhara, and Persia, and his adventures were pub. by 
 Hakluyt and Purchas, q. v. See Hallam's Lit. Hist. 
 
 Jenkinson, Charles, Earl of Liverpool, 1727- 
 1808, an eminent statesman. 1. National and Constitu 
 tional Force in England, 1756. 2. Life of Simon, Lord 
 Irnham, Lon., 1766, 8vo. 3. Treaties between G. Brit, 
 and other Powers, 1648-1783, 3 vols. 8vo, 1785. 4. Dis 
 course on the Conduct of G. Brit, in respect to Neutral 
 Nations, 1785, 3 vols. 8vo; 1801, 8vo. This important 
 work which it is said was trans, into all the languages of 
 Europe should be in the library of every legal, political, 
 and historical student. 5. Treat, on the Coins of the 
 Realm, Oxf, 1805, 4to ; Lon., 1806, 4to. See Brydges's 
 Collins's Peerage. 
 
 Jenkinson, Daniel. Serm., Lon., 1613, 8vo. 
 
 Jenkinson, Rev. J. S., Vicar of Battersea. Mar 
 riage with a Wife's Sister not Forbidden, by the Word of 
 God: in answer to Rev. John Keble, Lon., 1849, 8vo. 
 
 Jenkinson, James. British Plants, 1775, 8vo. 
 
 Jenkinson, John Banks, D.D., 1781-1840 ; Dean 
 of Worcester, 1817 ; Bishop of St. David's and Preb. of 
 Durham, 1825 ; Dean of Durham, 1827. Serm., Prov. xxii. 
 6, Lon., 1828, 8vo. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Sept. 1840, 321. 
 
 Jenkinson, Richard. Serm., Exon., 1715, 8vo. 
 
 Jenks, Benjamin, 1646-1724, Curate of Harley and 
 Kenley, Shropshire, pub. several serms. and some theolog. 
 treatises, of which the best-known are 1. Prayers and 
 
 JEN 
 
 Devotions, Lon., 1697, 8vo ; 30 to 40 edits. By Rev. Chas. 
 Simeon, 1810, 8vo. Several times reprinted ; last ed., 1843, 
 12mo. There is also an ed. by Barnes, 12rao, and an 
 Abridgt., 12mo. 
 
 " In the true spirit of evangelical devotion." Bickersteth's C. & 
 
 2. Submission to the Righteousness of God, 1700, 8vo; 
 4th ed., 1755, 12mo. 3. Meditations, 1701, 8vo; 2d ed., 
 1757, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Devotional and evangelical." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 " Jenks's Devotions, Meditations, and Submission to the Righteous 
 ness of God, are the productions of a devout and well-informed 
 mind ; a minister who had but little success in his lifetime, but 
 whose labours proved the seed of a future harvest." WiUinms's C.P. 
 
 Jenks, Jacquetta Agneta Mariana, of Belgrove 
 Priory, in Wales. Azemia ; a Descriptive and Sentimental 
 Novel: interspersed with Poetry, Lon., 1797, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 "An entertaining compound of good taste and good writing, just 
 satire and whimsical fancy. ... We beg pardon of Miss Jacquetta 
 what are the rest of her hard names? but we believe that no 
 more of the feminine gender belongs to her than to her Right Hon. 
 cousin Lady Harriet Marlow. . . . See Review, N.S., vol. xx. p. 477." 
 Lon. Month. Rev., 24th Sept. to Dec. 1797, p. 338, q. v. 
 
 Jenks, James. Cookery, Lon., 1768, 12mo. 
 
 Jenks, Joseph William, late Prof, of Languages in 
 the Urbanna University, Ohio. The Rural Poetry of the 
 English Language, Cleveland, Boston, and N. York, 1856, 
 r. 8vo. This is a valuable book, and worthy of a wide 
 circulation. See Putnam's Mag., Dec. 1856. 
 
 Jenks, R. W. The Brachial Telegraph, N. York, 
 1852, 8vo. 
 
 Jenks, Richard. Serm., Lon., 1707, 8ro. 
 
 Jenks, S. Two Serms. in Catholick Serms., (Lon., 
 1741, 2 vols. 8vo,) vol. ii. 315, 345. 
 
 Jenks, William, D.D., Pastor of Green St. Church, 
 Boston. 1. The Comprehensive Commentary of the Holy 
 Bible, Brattleboro', 1834, 5 vols. r. 8vo ; Supp., 1 vol. r. 
 8vo. Now pub. by Messrs. J. B. Lippincott & Co., Phila 
 delphia. We have already noticed this excellent work in 
 our article on RICHARD ARNALD, p. 69. Several years 
 have elapsed since we penned that commendation, but the 
 Comprehensive Commentary still stands without a rival 
 for the purpose for which it is intended. Since writing the 
 above, we were pleased to find the following weighty en 
 dorsement of our eulogy : 
 
 " This compilation exhibits a combination of all that is valuable 
 in the deservedly-esteemed commentaries of Henry and Scott on 
 the entire Bible, and of Doddridge on the New Testament. The 
 notes are compiled from the various critics enumerated on the title- 
 page; and, in general, the selection is made with judgment." 
 Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 We must object, however, to the phrase "all that is va 
 luable," Ac. What is there in Henry, Scott, or Doddridge, 
 entirely without value ? Among Dr. J.'s other publications is, 
 2. Explan. Bible Atlas and Scripture Gazetteer, 1849, 4to. 
 
 Jenkyn, Thomas W., formerly President of Coward 
 College, London, 1. The Extent of the Atonement; 3d 
 ed., Lon., 1842, p. 8vo. New ed., revised and enlarged by 
 the author exclusively for the American publishers, Gould 
 <fc Lincoln, Bost., 1859. 
 
 " Posterity will thank the author till the latest ages for his illus 
 trious arguments." N. York Evangelist. 
 
 2. The Union of the Holy Spirit and the Church in the 
 Conversion of the World; 2tl ed., 1842, fp. Svo. 
 
 " A very excellent work upon a very important subject." Lon. 
 Evangel. Mag. 
 
 Jenkyn, William, 1612-1662, Lecturer of St. Ann's, 
 Blackfriars, <fcc., committed to Newgate under the Conven 
 ticle Act, and died there, pub. several serms. and theolog. 
 treatises, and the following excellent work, still in request: 
 Expos, of the Epistle of St. Jude, Lon., 1652-54, 2 Pts. 4 to. 
 New ed., by Rev. James Sherman, with Memoir of the 
 Author, 1839, imp. Svo. Also in same vol. with Manton's 
 Expos, of the Epist. of St. James, 1840, imp. Svo. New 
 ed. of Jenkyn's Expos., 1849, r. Svo. 
 
 " A sententious and elegant preacher." RICHARD BAXTER. 
 
 " This exposition is the most considerable of his works, and ex 
 hibits his piety, diligence, and learning." JAMES SHERMAN. 
 
 "Though published nearly at the same time, and with similar 
 views, he and Dr. Manton are both useful." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 See Calamy; Granger's Biog. Hist, of Eng. 
 
 Jennens, Charles, d. 1773, called " Solyman the 
 Magnificent," from the splendour in which he lived, at 
 tempted an edition of Shakspeare, which elicited more ri 
 dicule than compliments. Hamlet was pub. in 1772; 
 Othello in 1773 ; and Julius Caesar in 1774. 
 
 Jenner, Charles, D.D., Preb. of Lincoln. Qualifi 
 cations for the Ministry, Lon., 1753, 4to. 
 
 Jenner, Charles, 1737-1774, Vicar of Claybrook, 
 pub. several novels, poems, Ac., 1766-74, Ac. See Nichols's 
 Leicestershire ; Bibl. Top. Brit, No/51. 
 
 Jenner, David, Prob. of Sarum, 1676, pub. two Serins., 
 
JEN 
 
 JEN 
 
 Ac., 1676-83, and a work on the Prerogative of Primogeni 
 ture to the Succession to the English Crown, 1685, 8vo. 
 
 Jenner, Edward, M.D., 1749-1823, the discoverer 
 of vaccination, was a native of Berkeley, Gloucestershire; 
 resided as a pupil with John Hunter in London, from 1770 
 to 1772, and afterwards practised at his native place with 
 great success. His celebrated discovery was publicly an 
 nounced in June, 1798, but he had been engaged upon a 
 series of preparatory experiments upon the subject since 
 1780. He pub. several treatises on the Variolas Vaccinse, 
 1798-1801, and contributed to Phil. Trans. Med. and Chir., 
 &c., 1788-1809. See Dr. John Baron's Life and Corresp. 
 of Dr. Jenner, Lon., 1827, '38, 2 vols. 8vo; Lives of Brit. 
 Physicians. 1830, 12mo; new ed., 1857, 18mo. 
 
 "A h-ghly-interesting work." Edward Everett's Orations, d-c. 
 
 " We wish, for the sake of the public, there were more such bio 
 graphies." Lon. Times. 
 
 Jenner, Rev. G. C. Report and Evidence before the 
 Com. of H. of C. rel. to Jenner's Discovery, Lon., 1805, Svo. 
 
 Jenner, Henry. Vaccine Inoculation, 1800, 4to. 
 
 Jenner, S. Discourse, Lon., 1682, 4to. 
 
 Jenner, Thomas. England's Fishery, 1651, 4to. 
 
 Jenner, Thomas. Theolog. treatises, 1650, '70. 
 
 Jenner, Thomas, D.D., President of Magdalene 
 College. On Charity, <fcc., Oxon., 1752, Svo. 
 
 Jenner, W., M.D. On Typhoid and Typhus Fevers, 
 Lon., 1850, Svo ; Phila., 1857, Svo. Other profess, treatises. 
 
 Jenney, George. Catholick Conference, 1626. 
 
 Jennings and Heckford. Costs on Taxation; 3d 
 ed., with Append., -Lon., 1840, 12mo. 
 
 Jennings, David, D.D., 1691-1762, an eminent Dis 
 senter, a native of Kibworth, Leicestershire, divinity tutor 
 at Coward's Academy, 1744; pastor of a congregation in 
 Old Gravel Lane^apping, 1744-62. His principal works 
 are 1. Serms. to Young Persons, 1743, 12mo. Many eds. 
 
 "Methodical, plain, and serious; some pretty striking turns of 
 thought ; his strain very evangelical : he is, upon the whole, the 
 Flavel of the present age, only much more polite." DR. DODDRIDGE. 
 
 2. Introduc. to the Use of the Globes and the Orrery, 
 1747 ; 1752, Svo. Many eds. This work maintained its po 
 pularity for more than fifty years. 3. The Scripture Testi 
 mony, 1755, 12mo. New ed., by B. Cracknell, 1815, 12ino. 
 4. Introduc. to the Knowledge of Medals, 1763, Svo; posth. 
 Again, 1775, Svo. Full of blunders. 5. Jewish Antiqui 
 ties ; or, a Course of Lects. on the three first Books of 
 Godwin's Moses and Aaron, 17C6, 2 vols. Svo; posth., pub. 
 by Dr. Furneaux, 1808, Svo. Often reprinted in 1 vol. Svo, 
 and in 2 vols. Svo; 9th ed., 1837, Svo. Again, 1839, 8vo. 
 
 "Dr. Jennings is a very judicious commentator. . . . They are 
 much fuller, of course, than Godwyn, and occasionally differ a little 
 from him. Some of the notes of Hottinger and Witsius are given 
 by the editor." Orme's Bill. Bib. 
 
 " This work has long held a distinguished character for its accu 
 racy and learning." Home's Bill. Bib. 
 
 " The Treatises of Mr. Lowman on the Ritual, (Svo, 1748,) and on 
 the Civil Government of the Hebrews, (Svo, 1740,) may properly ac 
 company this work." BISHOP WATSON. 
 
 " These Lectures are drawn up with great accuracy and judgment. 
 They illustrate many passages of Holy Scripture." Williams'* C. P. 
 
 " A valuable treatise on the subject." BickersteWs C. S. 
 
 See Rees's Cyc.; Orton's Life of Doddridge, pp. 16, 243 ; 
 Kippis's do., p. 16; Prot. Dis. Mag., vol. v. ; GODWIN, THO 
 MAS, in this Dictionary. 
 
 Jennings, Henry Constantine, 1731-1819, a noted 
 collector of curiosities, pub. several works on theology, 
 education, <fcc., 1798, <fcc., and a trans, into English blank 
 verse of the 5th Canto of Dante's Inferno. 
 
 Jennings, J. Elise; a Romance, Lon., 1665. 
 
 Jennings, James. Poems, 1794-1814. 
 
 Jennings, James. Dialects in the West of England, 
 particularly Somersetshire, Lon., 1825, 12mo. Other works. 
 
 Jennings, John. Serms., 1701-21. 
 Jennings, John. Odes, 1754, '61, '67. 
 Jennings, John, teacher of an academy at Kibworth, 
 brother to David Jennings, (ante,) and tutor to Dr. Dod 
 dridge. Two Discourses on Preaching, LOB., 1754, 12rno. 
 These (abridged) form one of the treatises in Williams's 
 Christian Preacher. 
 
 "Jtnnings's Discourses deserve the serious attention of every 
 minister." DR. OUTON: Life of Dr. Doddridge 
 
 Jennings, Nathaniel. Serm., Lon., 1782, Svo. 
 Jennings, Richard. 1. Natural Elements of Politi 
 cal Economy, Lon., 1855, p. Svo. 2. Social Delusions con 
 cerning Wealth and Want, 1856. This may be considered 
 a sequel to No. 1. 
 
 " The writer has evidently thought out his opinions, his plot of a 
 possible Utopia." Lon. Athenaeum, 1856, 898. 
 
 Also commended by the Weekly Dispatch, John Bull, 
 Builder, and Bath Express. 
 
 " It is written in a foolish and arrogant strain of abuse against 
 scientific writers and existing statesmen. . . . The eminent writers 
 
 whom he attacks may feel easy under his abuse." Westminster 
 Rev., July, 1856. 
 Jennings, Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough. 
 
 See MARLBOROUGH. 
 
 Jennings, \Vm. System of Attack and Defence, <fcc., 
 Lon., 1804. 
 
 Jenuyngs, Radulphus. Lectiones Variantes ad X. 
 Scriptores Anglice, Lon., 1652, fol. 
 
 Jennyns, Joseph C. Conduct of the Dutch Com 
 missioners, 1810. 
 
 Jenour, Alfred, Rector of Kittisford, Somerset. 1. 
 Trans, of Isaiah, with Grit, and Explan. Notes and Prac. 
 Remarks, Lon., 1S30, 2 vols. Svo; 1831, 2 vols. Svo; 1839, 
 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 f This is confessedly the best translation of Isaiah extant in the 
 English language." Home's Bibl. Bib., q. v. 
 
 " What constitutes the most valuable part of the work are the 
 explanatory and practical remarks with which each section is ac 
 companied." Lon. Congreg. Mag., June, 1831. 
 
 " Excellently translated, and accompanied with a judicious and 
 instructive commentary." Eclec. Rev., Nov. 1831. 
 
 Jenour is an advocate for the double sense of prophecy. 
 
 2. Treat, on Languages, 1832, 12mo. 3. Brief Memoir 
 of Annie Jenour, 1840, 12mo. 4. Trans, of Job, with 
 Notes, 1841, Svo. 5. Hints on Preaching : being a trans, 
 of Fene'lon's Dialogues on Eloquence, with an Essay; 2d 
 ed., 1849, 12uio. 
 
 " This is the remark of the pious Fenelon, Archbishop of Cam- 
 bray, in his incomparable Dialogues on Eloquence, which may God 
 put it into the hearts of our preachers often and attentively to read." 
 Doddridge's Expositor, \ 173. 
 
 6. Rationale Apocalypticum ; or, A Systematic Expos, 
 of the Apocalypse, with Histor. Proofs and Illust, and three 
 Appendices, 1S52, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " Mr. Jenour's work is distinguished by great sobriety and good 
 sense, and its only serious iault is its diffusiveness. And yet there 
 is that in this writer's remarks on his text which clearly indicates 
 a familiar acquaintance with the whole volume of Scripture, and 3 
 mind prepared to turn every portion of the inspired book on which 
 he comments to pious and profitable uses." ion. Clerical Journal, 
 Aug. 22. 
 
 Jenour, Capt. Matthew, R.N. The Route to India, 
 through France, Germany, Hungary, <fcc., Lon., 1791, 4to. 
 
 Jenty, Charles N., M.D. Medical works, Lon., 
 1757-67. 
 
 Jenynges, Edward. 1. Trans, into English Meeter 
 of The notable Hystory of two faithfull LoUers named Al- 
 phagus and Archelaus, Lon., 1574, 4to. 2. A Brief Dis- 
 couery of the Damages that happen to this Realme by 
 disordered and unlawfull diet, 1593, 4to. 
 
 Jeuyns, Rev. Leonard. 1. Manual of British Ver 
 tebrate Animals, Lon., Svo. 
 
 " This work contains accurate descriptions and measurements of 
 all the Animals belonging to the classes Mammalia, Aves, Ri'pttlia, 
 Amphilria, and Pisces, which are to be met with in the Eritish 
 Islands." 
 
 2. Observations on Natural History, with a Calendar of 
 Periodic Phenomena. 
 
 "The author's remarks on the 'habit of observing' may be stu 
 died with profit by every young naturalist, as may also the style in 
 which the observations are recorded. At the same time scientific 
 and popular, the work cannot fail to please even the most careless 
 general reader. Every page teems with interesting notes on the 
 habits and manners of quadrupeds, birds, fishes, insects, &c. : many 
 we would gladly quote, but must content ourselves with advising 
 our readers to purchase the book itself, promising them a rich treat 
 from the perusal." Westminster Review, October, 1846. 
 
 See Lon. Gent. Mag., 1847, 367-369. 
 
 Jenyns, Soame, M.P., 1703-04-1787, the son of Sir 
 Roger Jenyns, and educated at St. John's College, Cam 
 bridge, was noted as a politician, an essayist, an infidel, 
 and subsequently as a champion of Christianity. He was 
 for nearly forty years Member of Parliament, for twenty-fiv e 
 years a Commissioner of the Board of Trade, and for a longer 
 term than either of these a noted wit and conversationist. 
 The following is a list of his works : 1. Art of Dancing, a 
 Poem, 1730. Anon. 2. Epistle to Lord Lovelace, 1735. 
 3. Poems, 1752 ; and with the Origin of Evil, 1761, 2 vola. 
 12mo. See No. 4. These poems originally appeared in 
 Dodsley's Collection. They were added to the 2d and 3d 
 edits, of Dr. Johnson's English Poets. 4. Free Inquiry 
 into the Nature and Origin of Evil, 1757. With his Poems, 
 1761, 2 vols. 12mo. Ridiculed by Dr. Johnson in the 
 Literary Gazette,: 
 
 "Johnson's most exquisite critical essay in the Literary Maga 
 zine, and indeed anywhere, is his review of Soame Jenyns's Inquiry 
 into the Origin of Evil." Boswell's Life of Johnson, q. v. 
 
 And see The Idler, No. 89, Dec. 29, 1759. The Review 
 was so much liked that Johnson republished it in a pamph 
 let. It has been styled on high authority the best of his 
 writings: but who shall decide questions of this nature? 
 A review of the Origin of Evil, and other works of its 
 author, will be found in Green's Diary of a Lover of Lite 
 rature. Of the first-named, Green remarks : 
 
JEN 
 
 JER 
 
 " Extremely ingenious and wretchedly unsatisfactory. . . . With 
 all its paradoxical ingenuity, there appear to me only two truly 
 original thoughts in this work." Ipswich, 1810, p. 32. 
 
 5. Thoughts, Ac. on the Present High Price of Provi 
 sions, 1767. 
 
 " A very flimsy publication." 3IcCuttoch"s Lit. of PoUt. Econ., 
 1845, 193, q. v. 
 
 6. Miscellanies, 1770, 8vo. 7. View of the Internal 
 Evidence of the Christian Religion, 1776, 12mo; 10th ed., 
 1798, Svo, and since. The last ed. is included i-n the vol. 
 entitled Christian Evidences, pub. by H. G. Bohn, and 
 edited by Rev. J. S. Memes, LL.D., 1849, r. Svo. (This 
 valuable book should be in every library.) The examina 
 tion of the Holy Scriptures dissipated Jenyns's infidelity, 
 and his anxiety to save others from skepticism produced 
 this and other theological essays. Jenyns's View excited 
 much controversy, and was attacked by several of the 
 clergy, who disapproved of some of its sentiments. Even 
 the sincerity of the author was called in question, and he 
 was charged with intending to injure Christianity, which 
 he pretended to defend. But we have good evidence of 
 Jenyns's honesty, and also of his piety. We quote some 
 commendations of his View: 
 
 "A work of very considerable shrewdness and ingenuity, in 
 which many striking views of Christianity are adduced in support 
 of its heavenly origin." Orme's Bill. Bib. 
 
 "I confess myself to have been powerfully impressed by Mr. 
 Jenyns's leading arguments in defence of Christianity." Green's 
 Diary, ubi supra. 
 
 " The work, brief and unpresuming enough, nevertheless did re 
 ligion more good service than many of much higher pretensions. 
 The argument was of a popular kind: it derived force, too, as 
 coming from one who was a layman and a wit." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 " The force of the argument addressed to the feelings of ingenious 
 thinkers, and adapted to the reach of every understanding, is 
 greater than mere scholars are willing to allow, and was never re 
 presented to so much advantage as in the beautiful little Treatise 
 entitled A View of the Internal Evidence of Christianity." MR. 
 MAINWARING, of Cambridge : Dissertation. 
 
 We next quote some opinions more qualified in their 
 tone : 
 
 " The book is very ingenious : perhaps he brings rather too much 
 ingenuity into his religion. I know, however, an instance in which 
 this little work has converted a philosophical infidel, who had'pre- 
 viously read all that had been written on the subject without 
 effect." HANNAH MORE. 
 
 What deplorable carelessness of expression is here! So 
 far from this "philosophical" gentleman's having read "all 
 that had been written on the subject," we will venture to 
 say that he had never either read or heard of. the one-tenth 
 part that had been written on the subject. Nothing is 
 more common than the observation, " This is the only book 
 on the subject," or, " This is the best book on the subject." 
 The first assertion may be said to be never true; and if the 
 last is ever correct, say one in ten thousand instances, 
 how is it to be proved ? Let us avoid such childish extra 
 vagance of assertion. A man of true learning is rarely 
 guilty of so great a fault. 
 
 " Dr. Mayo having asked Johnson's opinion of Soame Jenyns's 
 View of the Internal Evidence of the Christian Religion, JOHNSON : 
 4 1 think it a pretty book ; not very theological, indeed ; and there 
 Beems to be an affectation of ease and carelessness, as if it were not 
 suitable to his character to be very serious about the matter.' " 
 BoswdL's Life nf Johnson. 
 
 " As a whole, it is admitted to be the best treatise, in its particular 
 range, yet given to the world, but in some respects, differing accord 
 ing to the source whence the censure comes, the disapproval of 
 its individiial doctrines and reasonings is almost as universal." 
 DR. MEMES: Christian Evidences. 
 
 A list of the principal pamphlets elicited by Jenyns's 
 View will be found in Chalmers's Biog. Diet., xviii. 520, n. 
 8. Disquisitions on Several Subjects, 1782, 8 vo. See a review 
 of this vol. in .Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., Ipswich, 
 1810, 226-227, and another in the London Retrospective 
 Rev., Lon., 1820, ii. 291-304. 
 
 " We venture to assert that there are few books- in the language 
 of the same size [pp. 182] as the little volume before us containing 
 more acute and ingenious reasoning, abounding in more lively illus 
 tration or more elegant and polished composition." Retrosp. Rev., 
 ubi supra. 
 
 9. The Works of Soame Jenyns, 1790, 4 vols. 8vo; 1793, 
 4 vols. Svo. Includes Pieces never before published, and 
 biography of the author by Charles Nelson Cole. See 
 Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., Ipswich, 1810, 222-226; 
 Orme's Bibl. Bib. 10. Tracts on the Holy Trinity, the 
 Creeds, Ac. &c., 1814, Svo. _Jenyns also wrote some poli 
 tical essays. He perpetrated a satirical epitaph upon Dr. 
 Johnson shortly after the death of the latter in which 
 Boswell was remembered : 
 
 "Boswell and Thrale, retailers of his wit, 
 
 Will tell you how he wrote, and talk'd, and cough'd, and spit." 
 
 For this offence Boswell took terrible vengeance in an 
 
 Epitaph on Jenyns. See Croker's Boswell's Johnson, Lon., 
 
 1848, p. 106. See also pp. 68, 392, 509, 590, 593; Life by 
 
 Cole, prefixed to Jenyns's Works. 
 
 " His Poetry does not rise above mediocrity : indeed, it scarcely 
 deserves the name : but the style of his prose is smooth and lucid, 
 lis turns of thought are neat and unexpected ; and when he sports 
 n irony, in which he apparently delights to indulge, he is uncom- 
 nonly playful and airy. . . . Jenyns has evidently a predilection 
 or paradoxical opinions: and why, he might reasonably urge in hia 
 defence, should a man address the Public, who has nothing new to 
 fler to it?" Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., Ipswich, 1810, 225. 
 
 As a political writer, Jenyns was the champion of prin- 
 iples which are now very generally disowned by English 
 men. He defended both the right and the expediency of 
 .axing the American Colonies, (see his tract on American 
 Taxation,) and in his reflections on Parliamentary Reform 
 )e ridicules the idea of an independent Parliament. Pro- 
 ^essor Smyth, in speaking of the unavoidable influence of 
 )arty predilections and the necessity of party co-operation, 
 remarks : 
 
 " Read the works of Soame Jenyns and of Locke. Would not 
 >oth of these men, for instance, while they retained their integrity, 
 mve been seen always on the opposite sides of any question that 
 could affect the constitution and government of a free country ?" 
 Lects. on Mod. Hist., Lect. 24. 
 
 Cumberland, in his Memoirs, gives us a graphic picture 
 of Soame Jenyns, which is declared by Lord Jeffrey to be 
 sxcellent, and a portion of which we had intended to quote; 
 aut, as our article has now grown to a length which forbids 
 this, we must refer the reader to the Memoirs, or to Lord 
 Jeffrey's review of that work in Edin. Rev. for April, 1806, 
 and in his Contrib. to the Edin. Rev., Lon., 1853, 911-917. 
 
 Jephson, Alexander. Serms., 1669, 1705, '15. 
 
 Jephson, Alexander. Serms., &c., 1731-65. 
 
 Jephson, John. Serms., edited by Bishop William 
 Bisset, Lon., 1826, 8vo. 
 
 " They will be found to possess no ordinary merit, as apt illustra 
 tions of received doctrines, and as animated exhortations to the 
 discharge of practical duties." BISHOP BISSET. 
 
 Jephson, Robert, 1736-1803, a native of Ireland, a 
 Captain in the army, and a member of the Irish House of 
 Commons, pub. a number of dramatic pieces, of which the 
 tragedies of Braganza, 1775, 8vo, and the Count of Nar- 
 bonne, 1781, Svo, were the most popular. He also pub. a 
 collection of poems called Roman Portraits, 1797, 4to. 
 The illustrative notes in this vol. are from the pen of Mr. 
 Malone. See Malone's Life of W. Gerard Hamilton; 
 Biog. Dramat. ; Horace Walpole's Works; Davies's Life of 
 Garrick. 
 
 Jerdan, William, b. 1782, for thirty-four years (1 817- 
 50) editor of the London Literary Gazette, is a native of 
 Kelso, Roxburghshire, Scotland. Mr. Jerdan wrote the 
 Biographical Memoirs for Fisher's National Portrait-Gal 
 lery of Illustrious and eminent Persons, has pub. some 
 translations from the French, Ac., and been connected 
 with several journals. An account of his literary labours 
 will be found in his Autobiography, Lon., 1852-53, 4 vols. 
 p. Svo. See also Men of the Time, Lon., 1856; Noctes 
 Ambrosianae, May, 1828; Eraser's Mag., i. 605, with a 
 portrait. This portrait was the first of the Gallery of 
 Illustrious Literary Characters, all drawn by Daniel 
 Maclise, now R.A. : see Maginn's Fraserian Papers, by 
 Dr. R. S. Mackenzie, New York, 1857, Ixvi. The letter 
 press which accompanied each plate was nearly all written 
 by Maginn. 
 
 Jeremie, James Ameriaux, D.D., Sub-dean and 
 Canon of Lincoln, Regius Prof, of Divinity at Cambridge, 
 and Rector of Somersham, Huntingdonshire. 1. Serm., 
 Ps. cxxii. 6, 9. 2. Hist, of the Christian Church in the 
 2d and 3d Centuries, 1852, sm. Svo. Originally pub. in 
 the Encyc. Metropol. 3. Christianity in the Middle Ages, 
 1857, cr. Svo. 4. Serms., Doctrinal and Practical, of Rev. 
 William Archer Butler, late Prof, of Moral Philos., Univ. 
 of Dublin. Second Series, Camb., 1855, 8vo. 
 
 "They are marked by the same originality and vigour of ex 
 pression, the same richness of imagery and illustration, the same 
 large views and catholic spirit, and the same depth and fervour of 
 devotional feeling, which so remarkably distinguished the pre 
 ceding Series, and which rendered it a most valuable accession to 
 our theological literature." Front Dr. Jeremte's Preface. 
 
 "We would recommend them to our readers, not only for their 
 force and subtlety of thought, brilliancy of fancy, and exuberant 
 eloquence of words, but for that spirit of love that profound and 
 glowing devotion by which they are animated, and with which 
 no one can come into sympathizing contact without feeling him 
 self elevated and refined." North British Review. 
 See BUTLER, WILLIAM ARCHER. 
 
 Jeremy, George. Treat, on the Equity Jurisdic. 
 of the High Ct. of Chancery, Lon., 1828, Svo; 2d Amer. 
 ed., 1840, Svo. See 1 Story Eq. Jur., 49, 94; 6th ed., 1853; 
 15 Amer. Jur., 368. 
 
 Jeremy, Henry. 1. The Connection between Reli 
 gion and Learning; a Norrissian Prize Essay, 1810, Svo. 
 2. Laws of Carriers, &c., 1815, '18, Svo; N. York, 1816, 
 Svo. 3. Analyt. Digest of Reports C. Law, Equity, Ac., 
 
 965 
 
JER 
 
 JES 
 
 1817, r. Svo. Do., 1817-23, 8Vo ; 1825. Do., 1824-49, r. Svo. 
 Pub. annually. Do., 1850-55, by W. Tickl Pratt, in r. 8vo 
 vols. 4. Office of Sheriff': see IMPEY, JOHN, No. 3. 
 
 Jermcnt, George. Discourses, Ac., 1791-1813. 
 
 Jermin, Michael, D.D., d. 1659, Rector of St. 
 Martin's, London, 1638. 1. Comment, on the whole Book 
 of Proverbs, Lon., 1638, fol. 2. Comment, on Ecclesiastes, 
 1639, fol. 
 
 Jernegan, Charles, M.D. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 
 1745. 
 
 Jerningham, Edward, 1727-1812, gained some 
 popularity by a number of poems, dramas, essays, and 
 translations, which are now forgotten. Among these are 
 The Shakspeare Gallery, (praised by Edmund Burke;) 
 Enthusiasm ; Essay on the Eloquence of the Pulpit in 
 England; The Siege of Berwick. The 9th ed. of his 
 Poems and Plays was pub. in 1806, 4 vols. See Chal 
 mers's Biog. Diet. ; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. Ixxxiii. 
 
 Jerome, Rev. Stephen, pub. some theolog. treatises, 
 Lon., 1613-19, and Ireland's Ivbilee, or loyes lo Paean; 
 for Prince Charles his Welcome Home, &c., Dubl., 1624, 
 4to. See Dibdin's Lib. Comp., 264. 
 
 Jr iram, Charles, Rural Dean and Vicar of Chob- 
 ham, Surrey. Serms. and theolog. treatises, of which the 
 best-known are 1. Conversations on Infant Baptism; 2d 
 ed., 1826, 12mo. 
 
 "A popular and satisfactory discussion of the subject." Bicker- 
 Steth's C. S. 
 
 2. Treat, on the Atonement, Lon., 1828, 8vo; 1832, 8vo. 
 Highly commended by the Christian Guardian,theChristian 
 Observer, the Christian Remembrancer, and the Evan. Mag. 
 
 See Memoirs and Letters of Mr. Jerram, by his son, 
 1855, 8vo. 
 
 Jerringham, Sir Wm. Papers rel. to the Baronies 
 of Stafford, 1807, 4to. Privately printed. 
 
 Jerrold, Douglas, 1803-1857, a native of Sheerness, 
 in Kent, after being a midshipman in the Royal Navy, and 
 subsequently a printer, had his fate decided for author 
 ship by the success of the drama of Black-Eyed Susan, 
 written before he was of age. This piece was followed by 
 The Rent-Day, Nell Gwynne, The Bubbles of the Day, 
 Time Works Wonders, The Catspaw, Retired from Busi 
 ness, Cupid, The Prisoner of War, The Heart of Gold, &c. 
 As a contributor to Punch, and as editor of The Heads of 
 the People, the Illuminated Magazine, the Shilling Maga 
 zine, and Lloyd's Weekly, Mr. Jerrold has won new lau 
 rels in another department of authorship. We append an 
 alphabetical list of his productions, as pub. in vol. form. 
 1. Bubbles of the Day, a Comedy; 2d ed., 1845, 8vo. 2. 
 Cakes and Ale, 1842, 2 vols. fp. 8vo; 1852, being vol. iv. of 
 his Collected Works. 3. Chronicles of Clovernook, 1846, 
 fp. 8vo; 1853, in vol. vi. of Collected Works. 4. Comedies 
 and Dramas, 1854, 12mo. 5. Heart of Gold ; a Drama, 
 1854, 12mo. 6. Man made of Money, 1849, p. Svo; 1853, 
 in vol. vi. of Collected Works. See No. 3. 7. Men of 
 Character, 1838, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 1851, being vol. ii. of Col 
 lected Works. 8. Mrs. Caudle's Curtain-Lectures; new 
 ed., 1846, fp. 8vo; 1852, being vol. iii. of Collected Works. 
 9. Prisoner of War, 1842, 8vo. 10. Punch's Complete 
 Letter- Writer. 11. Punch's Letters to his Son, 1843, fp. 
 8vo. 12. Retired from Business; a Comedy, 1851, 12mo. 
 13. St. Giles and St. James, 1851, 12mo. 14. Story of a 
 Feather, 1844, fp. 8vo. 15. The Catspaw; a Comedy, 
 1850, 8vo. 16. Time Works Wonders, 1854, fp. 8vo. A 
 collective ed. of the works of this popular author was pub. 
 in 8 vols. 12mo, 1851-54; reviewed in the Lon. Athenaeum, 
 1854, 1293-1295. See also Men of the Time, Lon., 1856; 
 N. York Eclec. Mag., xi. 443, with portrait. The Athen 
 aeum commends Mr. Jerrold's works in high terms : 
 
 "A reperusal of them serves to confirm our original opinion 
 that their object is to advance the good of mankind; that to this 
 object there has been a devotion of rare skill, undoubted origi 
 nality, imperturbable good temper, concealed, perhaps, occasion 
 ally under apparent fierceness of phrase and a force and flash 
 of wit at once dazzling and delightful. A body of works more 
 original, either in the artistic construction or in the informing 
 epint, has not been added to the national literature of our time." 
 Lon. Athen., 1854, 1293: The Writings of Douglas Jerrold. 
 
 The Wit and Opinions of Douglas Jerrold, edited by Wil 
 liam Blanchard Jerrold, and originally pub. in the London 
 National Magazine, appeared in book-form in 1858 ; and the 
 Life and Letters of Douglas Jerrold, edited by W. B. Jer 
 rold, were announced same year. See also Douglas Jer 
 rold's Portfolio of Weil-Known Portraits, drawn by Kenny 
 Meadows, with a Biographical and Critical Essay by E. L. 
 Blanchard, 1857, p. 8vo; the obituary notice of Jerrold 
 in Lon. Gent. Mag., July, 1857, 91-94; and the London 
 Athenaeum, 1858. 
 
 * Jerrold was truly a man of a large heart, as well as of a great 
 
 original genius. Ha never lost an opportunity of labouring in any 
 act of benevolence that his sense of duty set before him ; and his 
 last words were those of affection towards all with whom he had 
 been associated in friendship, to him a sacred relation/' Lon. 
 Gent. JUug., ubi supra. 
 
 Jerrold, William Blanchard, son of the preceding. 
 1. Disgrace of the Family, Lon., 1848, 8vo. 2. The Old 
 Woman who lived in a Shoe, 1849, Svo. 3. How to See 
 the [Crystal Palace] Exhibition in four Visits, 1851, sq. 
 
 4. How to See the British Museum in four Visits, 1852, ISnio. 
 
 5. Threads of a Storm-Sail, 1853, Svo. 6. A Brage-Beaker 
 with the Swedes; or, Notes from the North in 1852, Illus 
 trated from Sketches by the Author, 1853, fp. Svo. 
 
 " Mr. Jerrold seeks to daguerreotype the aspects of society in 
 Sweden, and to report to his own countrymen on the state of man 
 ners, culture, and the Fine Arts." Lon. Athen.. 1854, 44-46, q.v. 
 
 7. Imperial Paris, 1855, fp. 8. Story of the Legion of 
 Honour, 1855, 12mo. 9. Wit and Opinions of Douglas 
 Jerrold, 1858. 10. Life and Letters of Douglas Jerrold, 
 1858: See JERROLD, DOUGLAS. 
 
 Jervais, T. Serms., 1811, Svo. 
 
 Jervas, Charles. See JARVIS. 
 
 Jervey, Wm., M.D. The Scurvy, Lon., 1769, 8vo, 
 
 Jervis, Lieut. H. J. W., R. Artillery. Hist, of 
 Corfu and of the Republic of the Ionian Islands, Lon., 
 1852, p. Svo., 
 
 "Written with great care and research, and including probably all 
 the particulars of any moment in the history of Corfu." Lon. Athen. 
 
 Jervis, Sir J., Knt. 1. Office of Coroners, Lon., 1829, 
 12rno. 2. Rules of the Cts. of K. B., C. P., and Excheq.; 
 4th ed., 1839, 8vo. 3. On Pleading : see ARCHBOLD, J. F., 
 No. 3. Other legal publications. 
 
 Jervis, J. W. 1. Manual of Field Operations, Lon., 
 1852, p. Svo. 2. The Rifle-Musket, 1854, p. Svo. 
 
 Jervis, Sir John White, Bart. Polit. and theolog. 
 publications, 1798, 1812, '13. 
 
 Jervis, Swynfen. The Dying Girl; and other Poems, 
 Lon., 1849, p. Svo. 
 
 " The Dying Girl has the higher excellencies of tenderness and 
 pathos, expressed in a style of elegant simplicity." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 Jervis, Thomas, a Unitarian minister, pub. several 
 sernis., <fec., Lon., 1796-1814. 
 
 " His style is always figurative and glowing." Lon. Month. Repos. 
 
 Jerwood, James. 1. Tithe-Rent Charge, 1840, 
 12mo. 2. Parochial Boundaries, Lon, 1841, 12rno. 3. 
 Rights to the Sea Shores, &c., 1850, Svo. 
 
 Jesse. The Riches of Grace, 1647, Svo. 
 
 Jesse, Edward, Surveyor of her Majesty's Parks 
 and Palaces. 1. Anecdotes of Dogs, 1846, 4to. 
 
 " The excellent, interesting, and instructive volume before us." 
 Lon. Gent. Mag., June, 1846, 609-614. 
 
 2. Angler's Rambles, 1836, p. Svo. 3. Favourite Haunts 
 and Rural Studies, including Visits to Spots of Interest in 
 the Vicinity of Windsor and Eton, 1847, p. 8'vo. 
 
 "A pleasing and popular omnium gatherum about interesting 
 architectural remains, the biography of their by-gone inhabitants, 
 country life, rural scenery, literature, natural history, &c." Lon. 
 Literary Gazette. 
 
 4. Gleanings in Natural History, 1832-35, 3 vols. Svo; 
 1838, 2 vols. fp. Svo; 8th ed., 1854, 12mo. See Blnckw. 
 Mag., xxxiii. 861. 5. Hampton Court, Summer Day at, 1839, 
 fp. Svo. 6. Hampton Court, Hand-Book to; 5th ed., 1842, 
 12mo. See Lon. Athenaeum, 1842, 742-744 ; Blackw. Mag., 
 xlviii. 769. 7. Scenes and Tales of Country Life, 1844, p. 
 Svo; 1853, p. Svo. 
 
 " A worthy companion to White's Natural History of Selborne." 
 Eng. Churchman. 
 
 "Lacks no accomplishment desirable in an elegant and com 
 panionable book, either for the country, or to transport the city 
 reader in fancy to rural scenes." Tail's Mag. ; and see Lon. Athen., 
 1844, 333. 
 
 8. Windsor, Summer Day at, and a Visit to Eton. 1841, 
 12mo. New ed., 1844, 12mo. See Lon. Athen., 1844, 787, 
 808. 9. New ed. of Walton and Colton's Complete Angler, 
 with Lives of the Authors, and Notes. To which are added 
 Papers on Fishing-Tackle, Fishing-Stations, etc., by Henry 
 G. Bohn, 1856, p. Svo, being No. 37 of Bohn's Illustrated 
 Library. A beautiful and valuable edition. 
 
 Jesse, J. Guide to the Practice of the Ct. of Quart. 
 Sess. for the Co. of Somerset, Lon., 1815, Svo. . 
 
 Jesse, John Heneage. 1. George Selwyn and his 
 Contemporaries, Lon., 1843, 4 vols. Svo. 
 
 "We do not know a more entertaining book than this. We 
 listen to the most diverting raillery, the most delicate malice, and 
 the best wit that a range of observation merely superficial could 
 furnish, and are amused and pleased with a thousand conscious 
 and unconscious affectations." Lon. Examiner. 
 
 2. Literary and Historical Memoirs of London; 1st Ser., 
 1847, 2 vols. Svo. 3. London and its Celebrities; 2d Ser., 
 1850, 2 vols. Svo, 
 
 ''Full of curious matter, and will always be read and valued." 
 John Bull. 
 
 4. London : a Fragmentary Poem, 1847, p. Svo. 5. Mary 
 
JES 
 
 JEW 
 
 Queen of Scots ; and other Poems, p. 8vo. 6. Memoirs of 
 the Court of England during the Reign of the Stuarts, in 
 cluding the Protectorate, 1839-40, 4 vols.Svo; 2d ed., 1855, 
 3 vols. cr. 8vo ; 3d ed., 1857, 3 vols. cr. 8vo. 
 
 " One of the most interesting works that has issued from the 
 press for many seasons." Lon. Atlas. 
 
 The materials of this work are chiefly drawn from the 
 sketches of De Grammont, Pepys, and Madame Dunois, 
 Lon., 1707, 8vo. 
 
 " The work is mere patchwork. ... No attempt is made to dis- j 
 criminate between conflicting statements, or to ascertain the degree 
 of credit to which the anecdotes are entitled." Lon. Athen., 1840, 
 622-623. 
 
 7. Memoirs of the Court of London, from the Revolu 
 tion in 1688 to the Death of George II., 1843, 3 vols. 8vo; 
 2d ed., 1846, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "This work presents in an agreeable form facts which have 
 hitherto been known only to the laborious few." Lon. Times. 
 
 8. Memoirs of the Pretenders and their Adherents, 1845, 
 2 vols. 8vo j 2d ed., 1846, 2 vols. 8vo ; 3d ed., 1858, p. 8vo. 
 See N. Amer. Rev., Oct. 1858. 9. Tales of the Dead, and 
 other Poems, 12mo. 
 
 Jesse, Capt. William, R.A. 1. Notes of a Half- 
 Pay in Search of Health ; or, Russia, Circassia, and the 
 Crimea in 1839-40, 1841, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " Captain Jesse has given us a better insight into the habits and 
 manners and institutions of Russia than any other modern author." 
 United Service Gazette. 
 
 Also favourably reviewed in the Lon. Athenaeum, The 
 Naval and Military Gazette, The Globe, and The Britan 
 nia. Also noticed in Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xi. 298. 
 
 2. Life of Beau Brummel, 1844, 2 vols. 8vo ; 1854, 12mo. 
 See Lon. Athen., 1844, 399-400. 3. Russia and the War, 
 1854, cr. 8vo, and 12mo. 4. Trans, of J. P. Ferrier's Ca 
 ravan Journeys; 2d ed., 1857, 8vo. 
 
 Jesse, William, Rector of Dowles, d. 1814, aged 77, 
 was the author of a number of semis, and theolog. treat 
 ises, pub. 1780-1816. 
 
 " The excellencies of these sermons [1810, 8vo] are soundness of 
 doctrine, and simplicity in thought and in language." Lon. Chris. 
 Observer. 
 
 " The doctrines are not stated with any remarkable precision, nor 
 maintained with any steady process of argument. The composition 
 is indeed, for the most part, quite loose and immethodical." JOHN 
 FOSTER: Eclec. Review; and in his Essays, Lon., 1856, i. 515-522. 
 
 Jessey, Henry, 1601-1663, left the Church of Eng 
 land, and became minister of a Baptist congregation. 1. 
 268 Places in Jerusalem, Lon., 1654, 4to. 2. The Lord's 
 Loud Calls to England, Lon., 1660, 4to. 3. English-Greek 
 Lexicon, 1661, 8vo. This does not appear to be a compi 
 lation of Jessey's. See Orme's Bibl. Bib. It is one of the 
 earliest Lexicons to the N. T. in the English. 4. Looking- 
 Glass for Children, with addits. by H. P., 1673, 8vo. Jessey 
 made some progress in a new trans, of the Bible. 
 
 Jessop, Constantius. On Rev. ii. 1, Lon., 1640, 
 '60, 4to. 
 
 Jessop, Francis. 1. Propositions Hydrostaticae, 
 Ac., Lon., 1687, 4to. 2. Damps in Mines, &c.; Phil. 
 Trans., 1675. 
 
 Jesten, H. Drama of Joseph, &c., Reading, 1790, 8vo. 
 
 Jesup, Edward. Lives of Picus and Pascal, 1723. 
 
 Jeter, Jeremiah B., D.D., a Baptist divine, b. in 
 Bedford county, Va., 1802. 1. Memoir of Abner W. Clop- 
 ton, A.M. 2. Memoir of Mrs. Henrietta Shuck, the first 
 American Female Missionary to China; 5th ed., 12mo. 
 
 " We have seldom taken into our hands a more beautiful book 
 than this. It will be extensively read and eminently useful, and 
 thus the ends sought by the author will be happily secured." 
 Family Visitor. 
 
 3. Memoir of the Rev. Andrew Broadders, of Virginia. 
 4. Campbellism Examined, N. York, 12mo. This was an 
 swered by Moses E. Lard, q. v. 5. Christian Mirror; or, 
 A Delineation of different Classes of Christians, 1855,1 6mo. 
 6. The Psalmist: see FULLER, RICHARD, No. 6. 
 
 Jevon, Thomas, d. J688, an actor. The Devil of a 
 Wife ; a Farce, 1686, 4to. This is the original of the Farce 
 of The Devil to Pay. 
 
 Jevons, Thomas. Criminal Law, Lon., 1834, 12mo. 
 
 Jevons, William. 1. Elements of Astronomy, Lon., 
 12mo. 2. Systematic Morality, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " We- can safely recommend it." Lon. Month. Repos. 
 
 Jewel, Edward. The Stomach, Ac., Lon., 1678, 4to. 
 
 Jewel, or Jewell, John, D.D., 1522-1571, a native 
 of Devonshire, admitted of Merton College, Oxford, 1535, 
 was in 1539 chosen scholar of Corpus Christ! College, and 
 subsequently became Reader of Humanity and Rhetoric 
 in his college. In 1546 he professed himself a convert to 
 the doctrines of the Reformation, and his zeal in dissemi 
 nating his opinions led to his expulsion from his college. 
 On the accession of Queen Mary in 1554, he fled to the 
 Continent, and remained abroad until the year after Eliza 
 
 beth ascenaed the throne ; in 1560 he was consecrated 
 Bishop of Salisbury, and in 1562 gave to the world, in ele 
 gant Latin, the most famous of his writings, Apologia Ec- 
 clesiae Anglican*. His unwearied labours in the discharge 
 of the duties of his episcopate, and his unremitting devo 
 tion to study, brought on a state of physical exhaustion, 
 which resulted fatally on the 22d of Sept. 1571, in the 
 fiftieth year of his age. He was noted for his wonderful 
 powers of memory, profound learning, and exemplary 
 piety. A collective edition of his works, which consist 
 principally of treatises in defence of the Church of England 
 against Romanism, was pub. in 1609, fol.; 1611, fol.; 1631, 
 fol. ; 1711, fol. See edits, of separate publications in 
 Watt's Bibl. Brit. There are two recent edits, of his col- 
 lected works, viz. : edited for the Parker Society by the 
 Rev. John Ayre, Camb., 1845-50, 4 vols. sm. fol., 1 10.; 
 edited by R. W. Jelf, D.D., Oxf., 1847-48, 8 vols. 8vo, 3 
 12. Of his Apology, and other pieces pub. separately, 
 there have been many editions. His Challenge Sermon, 
 preached at St. Paul's Cross, March 30, 1560, is considered 
 one of the best specimens of his eloquence. See Life pre 
 fixed to the octavo edit, of the Apology, 1685; reprinted 
 in Wordsworth's Eccles. Biog. ; Burnet's Hist, of the Re 
 formation; Holingshed's Chronicle; Biog. Brit.; Bliss's 
 Wood's Athen. Oxon. ; Fuller's Abel Redivivus ; his 
 Church History; Strype's Life of Cranmer, of Parker; 
 Prince's Worthies of Devon ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ; 
 Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 271, 598, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1269; 
 C. W. Le Bas's Life of Jewel, 1835, 12mo. (Reviewed in 
 British Critic, xviii. 38.) Jewel's Apology came out, 
 Strype says, "to the abundant establishment of this re 
 formed church upon antiquity." 
 
 "Jewel's Apology is an account of the grounds of our Reparation 
 from the Church of Rome, as maintained after the separation had 
 finally taken place. It was publicly received and allowed, and has 
 also a claim to the attention of the reader, both for its clearness of 
 argument and elegance of language." BISHOP RANDOLPH : Enchi 
 ridion Theologicum. 
 
 " One of our best books." BISHOP BURNET. 
 
 " Will especially reward perusal." BICKERSTETH. 
 
 " This short book is written with spirit : the style is terse, the 
 arguments pointed, the authorities much to the purpose ; so that 
 its effects are not surprising. This treatise is written in Latin ; his 
 Defence of the Apology, a much more diffuse work, in English. 
 Upon the merits of the controversy of Jewell with the Jesuit Hard 
 ing, which the defence embraces, I am not competent to give any 
 opinion : in length and learning it far surpasses our earlier pole 
 mical literature." Hattam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, 4th ed., Lon.. 
 1854, i. 561. 
 
 To the controversy with Harding we have already re 
 ferred : see HARDING, THOMAS, and authorities there cited. 
 
 " The Church of England may be best studied in the writings of 
 Jewell, as regards its separation from the Romanist." BISHOP 
 WARBURTON. 
 
 " For the answer to any question respecting the genuine sense of 
 the documents of the Church of England, I consult no other author 
 ity ."CYRIL JACKSON, D.D., Dean of Christ Church. 
 
 " Jewell is eminent for his extensive learning, his sound views, 
 and his Christian eloquence. All his works are valuable. . . . The 
 finest Christian eloquence, deep learning, sound wisdom, and evan 
 gelical piety, mark the writings of this Reformer." Bickersteth'sC.S. 
 
 " The contemporary of Archbishop Parker, Bishop Jewell, Bishop 
 of Salisbury, with equal learning, united a more glowing style and 
 richer eloquence. Jewell was indeed the most accomplished scholar 
 who had yet appeared in the reformed Church of England." Cat- 
 termole's Literature of the Church of England. 
 
 " One of the greatest lights that the reformed Church of England 
 hath produced." WOOD : Athen. Oxon. 
 
 " Jewel's character cannot be too highly revered, or too respect 
 fully spoken of." DR. BLISS : ubi supra. 
 
 " The Jewel of Bishops, the worthiest Divine that Christendom 
 hath bred for some hundred of years." RICHARD HOOKER, author 
 of the. Ecclesiastical Polity. 
 
 " It may be said of his surname, nomen omen ; Jewel his name 
 and precious his virtues ; so that, if the like ambition led us Eng 
 lishmen, which doth foreigners, speciously to render our surnames 
 in Greek or Latin, he may be termed Johannes Gemma, on better 
 account than Gemma Frisius entitleth himself thereunto." Fuller's 
 Worthies of Devonshire. 
 
 Jewel, or Jewell, William, a native of Devonshire, 
 educated at Exeter College, Oxford. The Golden Cabinet 
 of True Treasure, containing the summe of morall philo 
 sophic ; from the French, Lon., 1612, sm. 8vo. 
 
 Jewett, Charles. Temperance Lectures, Poems, 
 Reviews, &c., Bost., 12mo. 
 
 Jewett, Charles Coffin, a learned American biblio 
 grapher and linguist, was born Aug. 12, 1816, graduated 
 at Brown University, 1835; appointed Prof, of Modern 
 Languages at Brown Univ* and Assistant Secretary of the 
 Smithsonian Institution. Mr. Jewett resides in Boston. 
 1. Catalogue of the Library of Brown University, Provi 
 dence, 1843, 8vo, pp. 560. 2. Facts and Considerations 
 relative to Duties on Books, 1846, 8vo, pp. 24. 3. Notices 
 ! of Public Libraries in the United States of America, Wash- 
 i ineton, 1851, 8vo, pp. 207. 4. On the Construction of 
 
 967 
 
JEW 
 
 JOH 
 
 Catalogues of Libraries and their publications by means of 
 eeparate stereotyped Titles ; with Rules and Examples, 1852, 
 8vo; 1853, 8vo, pp. 96, 2d ed. Contributions to the Pro 
 ceedings of the American Association for the Advancement 
 of Science, Hunt's Merchants' Magazine. 
 
 Cicero beautifully calls the library "the Soul of the 
 House :" Professor Jewett, with a noble ambition, has 
 zealously striven to provide such a soul for this great Re 
 public, by his intelligent labours in connexion with the 
 Smithsonian Institution, at Washington. We trust, that 
 he will yet see that magnificent temple adorned rnot only 
 with "goodly stones," (which sometimes preach any thing 
 but profitable "sermons,"') but with the recorded learn 
 ing of all ages, and the teachings of wisdom of every clime. 
 A great National Library would be, indeed, a National 
 Honour, a National Blessing, and a priceless boon, alike 
 to the present generation, and to the countless millions 
 who are to take our places, enter into our labours, and con 
 trol the destinies of our country when we are no more ! 
 
 Jewett, Isaac A. Passages in Foreign Travel, Bost., 
 1838, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Jewett, J. R. Narrative of Captivity and Suffering 
 at Nootka Sound, Hartford, 12mo. 
 
 Jewett, J. L., has edited Ollendorff's New Method 
 of Learning French, Spiers's French Dictionary, &c., and 
 contributed vocabularies of French words to I)e Fivas's 
 Classic French Reader, and to Rowan's Modern French 
 Reader. 
 
 Jewett, Milo P., late minister of the Presbyterian 
 Church, and Professor in Marietta College, Ohio, was born 
 in 1808, at St. Johnsbury, Vermont; graduated at Andover 
 Theolog. Seminary, 1838. The Mode and Subjects of Bap 
 tism, Bost. j 12 eds. pub. Highly commended by the Rev. 
 J. R. Greaves, editor of Tennessee Baptist. 
 
 Mr. Jewett was among the first to introduce the Common- 
 School System into Ohio and Alabama. 
 
 Jewsbury, Miss Geraldine E., a native of Man 
 chester, England, and a younger sister of the late Mrs. 
 Fletcher, formerly Maria Jane Jewsbury, has given to the 
 world a number of novels : 1. Zoe : the History of two 
 Lives, Lon., 1845, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " We should imagine Miss Jewsbury better qualified to succeed 
 in essays and speculative papers, than in descriptions of character 
 as it is, or society as it has been." Lon. Athen., 1845, 114. 
 
 "This novel made a sensation in its day, but its reputation was 
 rather of an equivocal kind." Lon. Wines, 1855, where will be 
 found a brief notice of Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 6. 
 
 2. The Half-Sisters, 1848, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 1854, 12mo. 
 
 "Displays, like its precursor, very considerable intellectual 
 powers, a shrewd observance of character, and a general talent, or 
 more strength than refinement, and, indeed, wanting only some 
 polish to its roughness to raise it much higher in the intellectual 
 scale." ion. Lit. Gaz., 1848, 194-196. See No. 1. 
 
 3. Marian Withers, 1851, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 an Adopted Child, 1852, fp. 8vo ; 1853. 
 
 See No. 1. 4. 
 The History of 
 
 Intended for the Young. 5. Angelo ; or, the Pine-Forest 
 in the Alps, 1855, 16mo. 6. Constance Herbert, 1855, 3 
 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " We have seen few books so perfectly unsatisfactory as Constance 
 Herbert." Blackwood's Mag., May, 1855: Modern Novelists, Great 
 and Small. 
 
 7. The Sorrows of Gentility, 1856, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 "A remarkably good novel ; well written, amusing, sensible, and 
 firm to its purpose." Lon. Examiner. 
 
 Jewsbury, Maria Jane, 1800 P-1833, a native of 
 Warwickshire, but a resident of Manchester the principal 
 part of her life, was married in 1833 to the Rev. William 
 Fletcher, whom she accompanied, shortly after her mar 
 riage, on a religious mission to India. She fell a victim to 
 cholera soon after her arrival at Bombay. Miss Jews- 
 bury contributed many articles to the Lon. Athenaeum and 
 other periodicals, which have never been collected. She 
 pub. the following vols. : 1. Phantasmagoria ; or, Sketches 
 of Life and Literature. 2. Letters to the Young ; 5th ed., 
 1843, fp. 8vo. 3. Lays of Leisure Hours. 4. Three His 
 tories ; new ed., 1844, fp. 8vo. The last-named work is a 
 great favourite. 
 
 " Her enthusiasm was ardent, her piety steadfast, and her great 
 talents would have enabled her to be eminently useful in the path 
 to which she had been called ---- Tn one quality quickness in the 
 motions of her mind she was, in the author's estimation, un 
 rivalled." WORDSWORTH, the poet, an intimate friend of Miss 
 Jewsbury. 
 
 "Miss Jewsbury the elder was one of our coadjutors in the long- 
 past days of our struggle ---- Quicker impulses, sounder conclusions, 
 an imagination more fanciful, purposes more noble, or a more eager 
 thirst after wisdom and goodness for their own sakes, have rarely 
 distinguished any of the honourable and honoured line of author 
 esses. . . . There is no forgetting Miss Jewsbury whenever the gifted 
 women of England are brought under notice." Lon. Alhenaum 
 1845, 114. 
 
 6ee Christopher North's commendation of Miss Jews- 
 968 
 
 bury in Noctes Ambrosianse, Dec. 1829, (Blackw. Mag., 
 xxvi. 872;) and see pp. 953, 975, for some of this lady'a 
 poetry. 
 
 Jewry, Laura. 1. The Ransom: a Tale of the 13th 
 Century, 1846, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 "The Ransom has more than commonplace merit." Lon.Athen. 
 2. The Forest and the Fortress: a Romance of the 19th 
 Century, 1850, 3 vols. p. 8vo. See Lon. Athen., 1850, 419. 
 3. The Cup and the Lip; a Novel, 1851, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 " Miss Jewry's dramatis persona; are well conceived, consistent 
 with themselves and with the times." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 4. The Tide of Life; a Novel, 1852, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 5. 
 Audrey 5 a Novel, 1853, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 Jickling, Henry. Analogy between Legal and Equi 
 table Estates and Alienation, <fcc., Lon., 1829, r. 8vo. 
 
 Jickling, Nicholas. Digest of Laws of Customs, 
 <fcc., Lon., 1815, 4to. See FREWIX, RICHARD. 
 
 Jimeson, Rev. Allen Alexander, D.D., b. 1815, 
 in Pennsylvania. 1. Notes on the XXV. Articles of Re 
 ligion of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Cincin., 1853, 
 12mo, pp. 407. 2. Sacred Literature of the Lord's Prayer, 
 1854, 12mo, pp. 207. 3. Notes on the Twenty-Five Articles 
 of Religion as Received and Taught by Methodists in the 
 United States, 1858, 12mo. 
 
 Jobson, Richard. The Golden Trade ; or, a Dis 
 covery of the Gambia, Lon., 1623, 4to. See Hugh Mur 
 ray's Africa. 
 
 Jocelin of Furness, flourished 1185, was the author 
 of several biographies, chiefly of saints. See Wright's 
 Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo-Norman Period, and authorities 
 there cited. 
 
 Joceline, Elizabeth. The Mother's Legacie to her 
 Unborne Child, Oxf., 1634, sm. Svo. New ed., by the Very 
 Rev. Principal Lee, Edin., 1852, 18mo. 
 
 Joceylyn, Lord. Six Months with the Chinese Ex 
 pedition ; 2d ed., Lon., 1841, 12mo. This work has reached 
 the 6th edit. 
 
 "Lord Joceylyn supplies us with some striking facts and un 
 known particulars." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 Jodrell, Henry. Charge to Jury, Lon., 1793, Svo. 
 Jodrell, Paul. 1. A Widow and no Widow ; a Dram. 
 Piece, Lon., 1780, Svo. 2. Seeing is Believing, 1786, Svo. 
 Jodrell, Richard Paul, M.D., D.C.L., d. 1831, 
 brother of the preceding. 1. Illustrations of Euripides on 
 the Ion, Bacchae, and Alcestis, Lon., 1781-89, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 "An extraordinary fund of critical erudition." DR. ADAM CLARKE. 
 2. The Persian Heroine; a Trag., 1786, 4 to. 3. Select 
 Dramatic Pieces, 1787, Svo. These six pieces and a seventh 
 had been pub. previously. 4. Carmina Selecta, 1812, r. Svo. 
 Privately printed, 4 4*. 5. Philology of the English 
 Language, 1820, 4to; 250 copies; privately printed. A 
 valuable work, and should accompany Halliwell's Dic 
 tionary, q. v. 
 
 Joel, Thomas. 1. Poems and Letters in Prose, Lon., 
 1767, Svo. 2. Grammar, 1775, 12mo. 
 Johansen, Andrew. Island of Bulan, Lon., 1794. 
 John of Beverley, the founder of the Abbey of Be- 
 verley, d. 721, is said by Bede to have written some Ho 
 milies and Epistles; but there is no work extant bearing 
 his name. See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo-Saxon 
 Period, and authorities there cited. 
 
 John of Beverley, a Carmelite professor of divinity 
 at Oxford about 1390, was the author of s'ome questions 
 on the Master of the Sentences, and some controversial 
 pieces. 
 
 John of Brompton, Abbot of Jervaux, in Yorkshire, 
 in 1193, is the reputed author of a Chronicle of English 
 History, 588-1198; but it is very doubtful whether it is 
 properly ascribed to him. See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., 
 Anglo-Norman Period, and authorities there cited. 
 
 John of Cornwall, flourished 1170, was the author 
 of three theological treatises, the principal one of which 
 relating to the humanity of Christ is known by the 
 title of Eulogium, and was given to the world about 1169 
 or '70. See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo-Norman 
 Period, and authorities there cited. 
 
 John de Hauteville, flourished 1184, was the author 
 of a poem entitled Arcliitrenius, and is supposed, without 
 probability, to have written some other poetical pieces. 
 See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo-Norman Period, and 
 authorities there cited. 
 
 John of Gaddesden. See GADDESDKN, JOHN OF. 
 John of Salisbury, 1120?-! ISO, a native of Salis 
 bury, studied at Oxford and Paris, opened a school in the 
 latter place, subsequently lived in England as secretary to 
 Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury, and to his successor, 
 Thomas a Becket, and, in 1176, was made Bishop of Char- 
 tres by the recommendation of Louis of France. His prin- 
 
JOH 
 
 cipal works are his Polyeraticus de nugis curialium etves- 
 tigiis philosophorum ; a metrical treatise entitled Enthe- 
 ticus de dogrnate philosophorum; the Metalogicus; his 
 epistles, and a life of Thomas a Becket 
 
 "As a writer, John of Salisbury is estimable for his great erudi 
 tion, and for the general correctness of his style." Wright's Biog. 
 Brit. Lit., Anglo- JVorman Period., q. v. for a notice of this writer aiid 
 editions of his works. 
 
 Since the publication of Mr. Wright's invaluable work, 
 a new edition and the best has appeared, viz. : Opera 
 Oinnia, nunc primum in unum collegit, et cum codicibus 
 manuscript^ contulit J. A. Giles, Oxon., 1848, 5 vols. 8vo. 
 " John of Salisbury was the intimate friend of Thomas a Becket. 
 He appears to have been an unsparing and just censurer both of 
 friends and foes. His Ptlicraticus is a work on the follies of cour 
 tiers and philosophers." Clarke's Sacred Literature. 
 John, Saint. See SAINT JOHN. 
 John, Chris. S. Indian Civilization, 1813, Svo. 
 John, Gabriel. Essay towards the Theory of the 
 Intelligible World Intuitively Considered. Designed for 49 
 parts 12mo. Swift is thought to have taken the idea of his 
 marbled pages from this curious work : but see GODWIN, 
 FRANCIS, D.D. 
 
 John, T. B. An Impartial Hist, of Europe, from 
 the Death of Louis XVI. to the Present Time, 1814, 8vo. 
 Johncs, Arthur James. 1. Causes which have pro 
 duced Dissent from the Established Church in Wales. See 
 Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 1146-1147. 2. Reform of the Ct. of 
 Chancery, Lon., 1834, 8vo. See Hoff. Leg. Stu., 406; 13 
 Amer. Jur., 459. 3. Philological Proofs of the Original 
 Unity and recent Origin of the Human Race, derived 
 from a Comparison of the Languages of Asia, Europe, 
 Africa, and America, 1843, 8vo. New ed., 1846, 8vo. 
 " This essay contains very valuable matter." Dr. Prichard. 
 This work was published at the suggestion of Dr. 
 Prichard, and should accompany his works. 
 Johnes, Thomas. Serm., Brist, 1779, 4to. 
 Johnes, Col. Thomas, 1748-1816, a native of 
 Shropshire, the owner of the splendid mansion and library 
 at Hafod in Cardiganshire, issued from his private print 
 ing-press the following valuable works, trans, by himself 
 into English : 1. Sir John Froissart's Chronicles, 1803-05, 
 4 vols. 4to, 25 copies, large paper, in fol. ; 2d ed., 1805, 12 
 vols. 8vo, plates in 4to; 3d ed., 1808, 12 vols. 8vo, plates 
 in 4to; 1839, 2 vols. r. 8vo; 1848, 2 vols. r. 8vo; 1849, r. 
 8vo. Condensed, 1847, 2 vols. 12mo. Reviewed by Sir 
 Walter Scott in Edin. Rev., v. 347-362. 
 
 2. The Travels of Bertrandon de la Brocquiere, 1807, 
 r. 8vo, 12 copies, large paper, in sm. 4to. Reviewed by 
 the Rev. Sydney Smith in Edin. Rev., x. 329-332. 3. Me 
 moirs of John, Lord de Joinville, 1807, 2 vols. 4to, 230 
 copies printed : 10 copies, large paper, in imp. 4to. 4. 
 Chronicles of Eug. de Monstrelet, 1809, 5 vols. 4to, 25 
 copies, large paper, in fol. ; 2d ed., 1810, 12 vols. 8vo, plates 
 in 4to; 1840, 2 vols. imp. 8vo. Col. Johnes also pub. a 
 trans, of St. Palaye's Memoirs of the Life of Froissart, 
 1803, 8vo, and A Cardiganshire Landlord's Advice to his 
 Tenants. We have already devoted so much space to 
 Froissart, (and some to Monstrelet,) that no comments 
 should be expected here. See BERNERS, JOHN BOURCHIER, 
 LORD. For particulars respecting Col. Johnes, his man 
 sion, and his splendid library, see A Tour to Hafod, by 
 Sir James Edward Smith, 1810, sup. r. fol., price 12 guineas ; 
 Dibdin's Bibliographical Decameron, and his Library Com 
 panion ; Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit. ; Cens. Lit. In 
 1807, the splendid mansion of Col. Johnes, with much of 
 its valuable contents, was destroyed by fire: the loss 
 amounted to 70,000. The energetic Bibliomaniac, how 
 ever, was not to be discouraged, and built and adorned a 
 new edifice. Evelyn would have been delighted with the 
 colonel, for he planted above three millions of trees on his 
 Cardiganshire estates. 
 
 Johns, C. A. Botanical works, Lon., 1841-52. 
 Johns, B. G., Head-Master of the Grammar-School, 
 Dulwich. Theological works, Lon., 1845-53. 
 
 Johns, Henry D., D.D., a Clergyman of the Prot. 
 Epis. Church in Baltimore, Maryland, Joy and Peace in 
 Believing, Bait. 
 
 Johns, Montgomery, M.D. An English and Ger 
 man Clinical Phrase-Book, Phila., 1853, 18mo. 
 
 Johns, Wm. The Tray tor to Himself; or, Man's Heart 
 his greatest Enemy, Oxf., 1674, 4to. In verse. 
 
 Johns, Rev. Wm. Latin Etymology, Lon., 1805, 
 12mo. 
 
 Johns, Wm. Correspondence, Ac., 1814, 8vo. 
 Johnsen, H. Confutation of Lillie, 1648, 8vo. 
 Johnson. Traveller's Breirate, 1601, 4to. 
 Johnson. Stones in Animals; Phil. Trans., 1674. 
 Johnson. Struggle against Popery, 1689, 8vo. 
 
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 Johnson. Manual of Physic, Lon., 1700, Svo. 
 
 Johnson. On Moral Obligation, Lon., 1731, Svo. 
 
 Johnson, or Johnston, Major. 1. Expedition to 
 Candy in 1804, Lon., 1810, Svo. 2. Journey from India 
 to England in 1817, 4to, 1818. 
 
 Johnson, Mrs. A. M. Novels, 1790. 
 
 Johnson, Abraham. Lucina sine concubitor, Lon., 
 1750, Svo. 
 
 Johnson, Alexander B., banker and counsellor- 
 at-law, of Utica, New York, where he has resided since 
 April, 1801, was b. at Gosport, England, May 29, 1786. 
 1. Inquiry into the Nature and value of Capital, Ac., N. 
 York, 1813. 2. The Philosophy of Human Knowledge; 
 or, a Treatise on Language, 1828. A eulogistic notice of 
 this work, by the Rev. Timothy Flint, will be found in 
 the London Athenaeum, 1835, 802-803, Sketches of the 
 Lit. of the U. States. 3. A Treat on Language, 1836. 4. 
 ; Religion in its Relations to the Present Life, 1840. 5. 
 i The Philosophical Emperor, 1841. 6. A Treat, on Bank 
 ing, Ac., 1850. 7. The Meaning of Words Analyzed into 
 Words and Unverbal Things, Ac., 1854. 8. The Phy 
 siology of the Senses, 1856. Highly commended in the 
 I Westminster Review for October, 1856. 9. An Encyclo- 
 i pedia of Instruction, on Apologues and Breviats, or Men 
 and Manners, 1857. See Lon. Athenseura, 1857, 181. 
 : Mr. Johnson has also pub. a number of lectures, addresser, 
 speeches, Ac., and contributed many papers to the Demo 
 cratic Review, The Knickerbocker Magazine, and other 
 periodicals. 
 
 Johnson, Miss Anna C. 1. Myrtle Wreaths, Ac.. 
 hy Minnie Myrtle, N. York, 1854, 12mo. 2. The Iroquois. 
 1855, 12mo. 3. Peasant Life in Germany, 1858, 12mo. 
 
 Johnson, Rev. Anthony. Histor. Acct. of the 
 English Translation of the Bible, Ac., Lon., 1730, Svo. 
 Reprinted in vol. iii. of Bp. Watson's Theolog. Tracts. 
 See COTTON, HENRY, LL.D. ; LEWIS, JOHN, No. 4. 
 
 Johnson, Artemas N., b. Middlebury, Vt, 1817. 
 1. Instructions in Thorough Bass, 1844. 2. Choir Chorus- 
 Book, 1S47. 3. Bay State Collection of Church Music, 
 1849. 4. Melodia Sacra, 1852. 5. Handel Collection of 
 Church Music, 1854. 6. Instruction in Harmony upon 
 the Pestalozzian System, 1854. Also, several Juvenile 
 Singing-Books. Editor of Boston Musical Gazette, and 
 Bost. Musical Journal. 
 
 Johnson, Arthur, Prof, of Anglo-Saxon in the 
 Univ. of Oxford. Trans, of Tenneman's Manual of the 
 Hist, of Philosophy, Oxf., 1832, Svo. 
 
 " To the studt-nt of Philosophy, I know of no work in English 
 likely to prove half so useful." HAYWARD, tw his trans, of GoeMie. 
 
 Johnson, Ben. See JONSON. 
 
 Johnson, Ben. Poems, 1700. This is an edit, of 
 Bishop King's Poems, (1657,) with a new title page. 
 
 Johnson, Ben, Jr. Poems, being a Miscelaine of 
 Seriousness, Wit, Mirth, and Mysterie; Composed by W. 
 S., Gent, Lon., 1672, sin. Svo. 
 
 Johnson, Rev. Benjamin. Poems, Lon., 1799, Svo. 
 
 Johnson, Benjamin Pierce, b. 1795, at Canaan, 
 N.Y. Report, as Commissioner from New York, on the 
 Great Exhibition of the Industry of all Nations, held at 
 London, 1851, Albany, 1852. Edited Transactions of 
 N.Y. State Agricultural Society, 1846-55, 8 vols. Svo. Ed. 
 Jour. N.Y. State Agricultural Soc., 1850-55, 4 vols. Svo. 
 Ed. Central N.Y. Farmer, 1842-44, 3 vols. Svo. Con 
 tributed agricultural articles to U.S. Patent-Office Rep., 
 Trans. U.S. Agricultural Soc., and various agricultural 
 Journals. 
 
 Johnson, C. F. T. Cancer, Lon., 1810, Svo. 
 
 Johnson, C. H. Prize Poem, 1809, 12mo. 
 
 Johnson, Charles, d. 1748, was noted as the author 
 of nineteen plays, and for being impaled by Pope in the 
 Dunciad. See Cibber's Lives, vol. v. ; Biog. Drainat. 
 
 Johnson, Captain Charles. 1. Geueral Hist of 
 the Pyrates of New Providence, Ac., Lon., 1724, Svo; 
 1727, 2 vols. Svo. This is an interesting vol. to the col 
 lector of American History, containing the adventures of 
 Blackbeard and his capture by Lieut. Maynard, the life 
 and career of Capt Kyd, Ac. 2. Life of Eliz. Mann, 1724. 
 3. Hist of Highwaymen, Pirates, Ac., 1734, fol. Best ed. 
 North's copy sold for 12. Some of the copies bear date 
 1736; 2ded., 1742, fol.; 1839, 2 vols. p. Svo; 1840, 12mo, 
 with addits. by C. Whitehead. Again, 1853, Svo. This 
 work contains upwards of 100 biographies of notorious 
 characters. 
 
 Johnson, Christopher, M.D. 1. Councell against 
 the Plague, Lon., 1577, Svo. 2. Ranarum et Murium 
 Pugna, Latino versu, donato, ex Homero, 1580, 4to. 
 
 Johnson, Christopher. Med. Essay, 1813, Svo. 
 
 Johnson, Cuthbert, M.D. Con. to Med. Cora., 1780. 
 
JOH 
 
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 Johnson, Cuthbert W., Barrister-at-Law, has pub. 
 a number of agricultural works, <fcc., one of the most im 
 portant of which is The Farmer's Encyclopaedia and Dic 
 tionary of Rural Affairs, Lon., 1842, 8vo. 
 
 " A work containing a great collection of useful facts in every 
 branch of rural economy." Prof. Lowe's Agriculture, 4th ed., 105. 
 
 "One of the best class." DR. LINDLEY, in The Gardener's 
 Chronicle. 
 
 " I consider it entitled to an easily-accessible place in the library 
 of every enlightened agriculturist." From an address by J. S. 
 Skinner. 
 
 See a list of Mr. Johnson's agricultural works in Do 
 naldson's Agricult. Biog., 127-128. And see EMERSON, 
 GOUVERNEUR, M.D., in this Dictionary. 
 
 Johnson, I>. Practica Medicinae, <fec., Lon., 1502, 4to. 
 
 Johnson, Mrs. D. The Brothers ; a Nov., 1813, 3 
 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Johnson, E. A., Prof, of Latin in the Univ. of New 
 York. 1. Select Orations of M. Tullius Cicero, with Notes 
 for Colleges, Ac., N. York, 1850, 12mo. 
 
 Johnson, I'M ward, emigrated from Kent to New 
 England in 1630, probably with Governor Winthrop. He 
 was the author of History of New England from the 
 English Planting in 1628 until 1652 ; or, Wonder- Working 
 Providence of Zion's Saviour, Lon., 1654, 4to. Reprinted 
 in Mass. Hist. Soc. Collec., second series. See Allen's 
 Amer. Biog. Diet., and authorities there cited. 
 
 Johnson, Edward. On Prayer, Lon., 1740, 8vo. 
 
 Johnson, Edward, Surgeon. 1. Life, Health, and 
 Disease, Lon., 1837, p. 8vo. Many eds. ; last ed., 1851. 
 
 " We have never read a treatise so popularly written, and we think 
 it is likely to benefit the community." Church of Eng. Quar. Rev. 
 
 Also commended by other authorities. 
 
 2. Nuces Philosophicae; or, The Philosophy of Things, 
 as Developed from the Study of the Philosophy of Words, 
 1841, 8vo. Monthly Nos. 1.-9., in all pp. 536. This 
 work has elicited both commendation and ridicule. A 
 epecimen of the latter will be found in Blackw. Mag., 1. 
 740-746. 3. Domestic Practice of Hydropathy; several 
 edits. Newed., 1854, 8vo. Mr. J. has written other works 
 on Hydropathy. 
 
 Johnson, Fabian. English Forces, 1591, 4to. 
 
 Johnson, Francis, a zealous Brownist, pub. several 
 treatises in defence of his sect, 1600-17. 
 
 Johnson, Frank Grant, M.D., b. January 30,1825, 
 at East Windsor, Hartford co., Conn., graduated at the 
 Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., 1849, and at 
 Castleton Medical College, Vermont, 1851; Principal for 
 two years of the Wethersfield Academy, Conn. ; now (1857) 
 practising medicine in Brooklyn, New York. Author of 
 Johnson's Philosophical Charts, designed for schools and 
 academies, consisting of a series of ten, each 3 feet by 4 
 feet, pub. by A. Ranney, New York. Highly commended. 
 
 Johnson, G. VV. The New Biographical Magazine, 
 Lon., 1793, 3 vols. 8vo. Pub. periodically, in 96 Nos., 
 with portraits. 
 
 Johnson, George William. 1. Hist, of English 
 Gardening, Lon., 1829, 8vo. 2. Kitchen and Flower Gar 
 den, 18mo. 3. Principles of Practical Gardening, 1845, 
 fp. 8vo. 4. Dictionary of Modern Gardening, Lon., 1846, 
 12mo. New ed., 1851, p. 8vo. Amer. ed., with addits., 
 by David Landreth, Phila., 1847, r. 12mo. 
 
 "The labours of the American editor have fitted it for the United 
 States, by judicious additions and omissions." S Hitman's Journal. 
 
 5. The Gardener Complete, in 12 vols. 12mo, or in 3 
 thick vols., 1847, Ac.; again, 1853. 
 
 Contains the potato, cucumber, grape-vine, auricula, 
 asparagus, pineapple, strawberry, dahlia, and the peach, 
 their history and mode of cultivation, with plates. 
 
 6. The Cottage Gardener, 1849-55, 14 vols. imp. 8vo ; 
 pub. annually. Other works. 
 
 Johnson, Henry. Logography, Lon., 1783, 8vo. 
 This book teaches the art of printing words entire, by their 
 radices and terminations, instead of by single letters. 
 
 Johnson, Herman M., D.D., b. in Otsego co., N.Y., 
 1815, Prof, of Phil, and Eng. Lit. in Dickinson College, 
 Penna. Herodoti Orientalia atque ^Egyptiaca : Pt. 1, 
 Orientalia Antiquiora, N. York, 12mo. Pt. 2 will consist 
 of the ./Egyptiaca and the Orientalia Recentiora. 
 
 Johnson, Humphrey. Arithmetick, 1710, 8vo. 
 
 Johnson, Isaac. Serms., 1739, '40, both 8vo. 
 
 Johnson, J. Psalter, Lon., 1707, 8vo. 
 
 Johnson, J. See GILL, R. W. 
 
 Johnson, J. Reliques of Ancient English Architec 
 ture, Lon., 1856, imp. 4to; with 80 large engravings. 
 
 " Comprises the clroicest examples in England of the Norman, 
 First-Pointed, Mixed, Middle-Pointed, Decorated, and Third-Pointed 
 styles of Ecclesiastical Architecture." 
 
 Johnson, J. B. 1. The Dog, and how to Break him, 
 Lon., 1851, p. 8vo. 2. The Gun, and how to Use it, 1851. 
 970 
 
 Johnson, J. C. 1. Juvenile Oratorios, Bost 2. 
 Flower Festival ; or, Pilgrims of the Rhine. 
 
 Johnson, J. E. Analyt. Abridgt. of Kent's Com 
 mentaries on Amer. Law, N. York, 1839, 8vo. 
 
 Johnson, James. Schediasmata Poetica, sive Epi- 
 grammatum Libellus, Londini, 1615, 8vo. 
 
 Johnson, James, d. 1774, Bishop of Gloucester,1752 ; 
 trans, to Worcester, 1759. Serms., 1753-59. 
 
 Johnson, James. Con. to Med. Com., Ac., 1777, '94. 
 
 Johnson, James. The Scots Musical Museum, Lon., 
 1787-1803, 6 vols. Svo. New ed., 1839, 6 vols. Svo ; again, 
 edited by Win. Stenhouse, Edin., 1853, 4 vols. Svo. This 
 work has been already noticed in the life of Robert Burns, 
 q. v. See also Blackw. Mag., i. 377 ; xxiii. 704. 
 
 Johnson, James, Surgeon, R.N. The Oriental Voy 
 ager, Lon., 1807, Svo. Descrip. of St. Helena, 1815; and 
 three medical works, 1813-18. 
 
 Johnson, James. 1. Medical Guide, &c., Lon., 1792, 
 Svo. 2. Jurisprudence of the Isle of Man, Edin., 1811, 
 '15, Svo. 
 
 Johnson, James, M.D. Medical Works, Ac. See 
 his Life, by his son, Lon., 1846, Svo. 
 
 Johnson, James R. The Medical Leech, 1816, '17. 
 
 Johnson, John. Arithmetick, Lon., 1623, Svo. 
 
 Johnson, John. Academy of Love, describing the 
 Folly of Younge Men, and the Fallacy of Women, Lon., 
 1641, 4to. This book contains an account of Love's Li 
 brary, in which Shakspeare and other English poets are 
 noticed. 
 
 Johnson, John, 1662-1725, a learned Non-juror, 
 educated at Cambridge; Vicar of Cran brook, Kent, 1707. 
 1. Paraphrase on the Book of Psalms, 1706, '07, Svo. 2. 
 Clergyman's Vade-Mecmn, 1708; 6th ed., 1731, 2 vols. 
 12mo. A valuable work. 3. Oblation in the Eucharist, 
 1710. 4. The Unbloody Sacrifice and Altar Unvailed and 
 Supported, Svo: Pt. 1, 1714; Pt. 2, 1717: 2d ed., 1724. 
 New ed., (being the 3d ed. of Pt. 1, and the 2d ed. of Pt. 2,) 
 in the Oxf. Lib. of Anglo-Cath. Theol, 1847, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 " A work which, though now little read, contains many useful 
 truths and great learning, combined, we admit, with some opinions 
 which we cannot receive, and with assertions to which we can affix 
 no distinct meaning." British Critic. 
 
 5. Collect, of Eccles. Laws, 1720, 2 vols. Svo. New ed., 
 1850, 2 vols. 8vo. 6. The Life of J. Johnson, by Rev. Thos. 
 Brett. With three of his Tracts and Corresp., 1748, Svo. 
 See Life, by Dr. Brett, Genl. Diet. ; Biog. Brit. 
 
 Johnson, John, minister in Liverpool, pub. a number 
 of theolog. treatises and semis., Lon., 1755-81. 
 
 Johnson, John. 1. Military Estab. of the K. of 
 Prussia; from the French, Lon., 1780, Svo. 2. Trifles in 
 Verse, 1796, Svo. 
 
 Johnson, John. Laws rel. to Gaming, <fcc., 1787, Svo. 
 
 Johnson, John, LL.D., Vicar of North Mimms, sub 
 sequently Rector of Yaxham, pub. two serms., 1794, '95, 
 edited his kinsman Cowper's trans, of the Iliad and Odys 
 sey, 1802, 4 vols. Svo, his Poems and Life, 1815, and his 
 Private Correspondence, 1824, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Johnson, John. Agricult. Improvements, 1814. 
 
 Johnson, John. Journey from India to England in 
 1817, Lon., 1848, Svo. This was trans, into French. 
 
 Johnson, John, a native of Cheshire. Typographi 
 cal and Literary Antiquities of G. Britain, from the Infancy 
 of Printing, Lon., 1824; three sizes, viz.: 2 vols. 32mo, 
 1 10s.; 2 vols. 12rno, 3; 2 vols. 8vo, 4 4s. In this 
 work Mr. J. was assisted by Drs. Dibclin, Wilkins, and Fry, 
 the Rev. H. Baber, <fcc. It is a valuable work. 
 
 Johnson, L. I>. Memoria Technica: Art of Abbre 
 viating Difficult Studies, Bost., 1847, Svo. This work, 
 which has reached the 3d ed., is highly commended by the 
 N. York Teacher's Advocate, <fcc. 
 
 Johnson, Laura. Botanical Teacher, N. Haven, 
 1834, 12mo. 
 
 Johnson, Louisa. 1. Practical Family Cookery, 
 Jjou., 1839, 12rno. 2. Every Lady her own Flower-Gar 
 dener; llth ed., Lon., 1855, ISmo. 14th ed. since pub. 
 
 " All lady floriculturists should possess it." Naval and Military 
 Gazette. 
 
 Johnson, M. J. Astronomical Observations at Ox 
 ford, Oxf., 1845-55, 13 vols. r. 8vo, 7 16s. 
 
 Johnson, Mary F. Poems, Lon., 1810, 12mo. 
 
 Johnson, Matthew. Norfolk Pilgrim, 1703, Svo. 
 
 Johnson, Maurice, d. 1755, an antiquary of Spalding, 
 Lincolnshire, contributed papers to Phil. Trans., Trans, of 
 Soc. of Antiquaries of London, and the Gentleman's Lite 
 rary Society of Spalding, of which he was the founder. 
 See Hist, of the Spalding Society ; Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; 
 Minutes of the Soc. of Antiquaries, London. He collected 
 memoirs for the History of Carausius. 
 
JOH 
 
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 Johnson, O. W., and Rev. W. Winfield. The 
 
 Poultry Book, N. York, 1856, r. Svo : 22 plates. 
 
 Johnson, R., D.D. Apology for the Clergy, 1759, 4to. 
 
 Johnson, R. 1. Study of History, Lon., 1772, 12ino. 
 2. New Gazettes; or, Geographical Companion, 1776, 12mo. 
 
 Johnson, R. G. An Historical Account of the First 
 Settlement at Salem, in West Jersey, Phila., 1839, 24mo. 
 
 Johnson, Ralph. Orthography, &c., 1663, '77. 
 
 Johnson, Richard, pub. several works, now very 
 rare, among which are 1. The Nine Worthies of London, 
 Lon., 1592, 4to. This vol., in prose and verse, is reprinted 
 in Harleian Miscellany. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 404, 25. .2. 
 Conceites of Old Hobson, 1607, 4to. 3. The Famous His 
 toric of the Seven Champions of Christendom, 4to; again, 
 1696, 4 to. 
 
 " Of rather a superior cast : the adventures are not original, but 
 it is by no means a translation from any single work." Jfallam't 
 Lit. Hist, of Europe, 4th ed., 1854, ii. 218. 
 
 Johnson, Richard, d. 1720, teacher at Nottingham, 
 England, 1707-20, pub. several grammatical works, <fcc., 
 1703-17. 
 
 Johnson, Robert. Essaies; or, rather, Imperfect 
 Offers, Lon., 1607, 18ino. 
 
 " Very sensible, acute, and ingenious disquisitions." Brydges's 
 Bestituta, iv. 112-119, q. v. 
 
 Johnson, Robert. Relations of the most famous 
 Kingdoms and Commonwealths, Lon., 1616 4to. 
 
 Johnson, Robert. Senas., 1621, '24, '27, all 4to. 
 
 Johnson, Robert. Med. treatises, 1684, <fcc. 
 
 Johnson, Robert. Trial of Passingham, &c., 1805. 
 
 Johnson, Robert W., M.D. Med. works, Ac., 1786. 
 
 Johnson, S. Poems, Lon., 1771, '72, '81. 
 
 Johnson, Samuel, 1649-1703, a native of Warwick 
 shire, educated at Trinity Coll., Cambridge, Rector of Cor- 
 ringbam, Essex, 1670, and subsequently chaplain to Lord 
 William Russell, distinguished himself by his courageous 
 opposition to the despotism of James II. and this monarch's 
 efforts to extend Popery in Great Britain. He pub. several 
 controversial treatises and sermons, of which a collective 
 ed., with his life,. was pub. in 1710, fol.; in 1713, fol. ; and 
 again in 1737, fol. In 1682, he pub. Julian the Apostate, 
 intended to disprove the doctrine of passive obedience to 
 the government. This work was (as we have already seen, 
 p. 841 of this Dictionary) answered by Dr. George Hickes, 
 in his Jovian, 1673, Svo. But it was more effectually an 
 swered by the powers that be, for the zealous partisan was 
 sentenced to pay a fine of 500 marks, and was thrown into 
 prison until he should discharge it. Nothing daunted by 
 this, Johnson again took up his pen, and in 1686, at the 
 instigation of Hugh Speke, a fellow-prisoner, drew up an 
 Address to the Protestants in the King's Army, (then en 
 camped on Hounslow Heath,) urging them not to obey 
 illegally-commissioned officers. 
 
 " for both these publications, his spirit was, doubtless, deserving 
 of the highest applause." SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH : Review of ttie 
 Causes of the Revolution of 1688. 
 
 The government thought otherwise: "Julian Johnson" 
 (for so he was now called) was sentenced to stand thrice on 
 the pillory, and to be whipped from Newgate to Tyburn. 
 This barbarous sentence was carried into execution, and 
 three hundred and seventeen stripes failed to make the 
 patriot wince. After the Revolution, he was compensated 
 by King William for his sufferings. At least he received 
 a present of 1000, a pension of 300 a year for two lives, 
 and his son was taken into the public service. ( 
 
 " His morals were pure, his religious feelings ardent, his learning 
 and abilities not contemptible, his judgment weak, his temper acri 
 monious, turbulent, and unconquerably stubborn." T.B.MACAULAY : 
 Hist, of England, vol. i. 
 
 See also vol. Hi., and authorities cited in both vols. ; Biog. 
 Brit. ; Genl. Diet. ; Birch's Life of Tiliotson ; Kettlewell's 
 Life; Comber's Life of Comber; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; 
 Mackintosh, ubi supra. 
 
 John Dryden, whose impure muse and time-serving 
 spirit could neither understand nor respect a man of John 
 son's purity and dauntless courage, disgraced himself by 
 endeavouring to ridicule "Ben Jochanan," as he called 
 the author of Julian, but we have ample testimonies of the 
 excellence of the latter: 
 
 " I never knew a man of better sense, of a more innocent life, or 
 of greater virtue, than Mr. Samuel Johnson." John Hampden to 
 the Duchess of Mazarine. 
 
 The works of Johnson are by no means to be despised, 
 even in our day. 
 
 " A very remarkable writer. I do not know where I could put 
 my hand upon a book containing so much sense and sound consti 
 tutional doctrine as this thin folio of Johnson's." S. T. COLERIDGE. 
 
 Johnson, Samuel, Vicar 'of Great, and Rector of 
 Little, Torrington, pub. a number of separate serms., 
 Thirty-Six Select Discourses, Lon., 1740, 2 vols. Svo, and 
 
 an Explanation of Scripture Prophecies, Reading, 1742, 
 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Johnson, Samuel, an actor, d. 1773, was the author 
 of Hurlothrumbo, 11 Comedy, some other dramatic pieces, 
 Ac., 1729-41. See Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Johnson, Samuel, D.D., 1696-1772, a native of 
 Guilford, Conn., grad. at Yale College, 1714; minister of 
 West Haven, 1720 ; received Episcopal ordination in Eng 
 land, 1723, and in November of the same year settled at 
 Stratford, Connecticut, as a missionary; President (the 
 first) of King's College, New York, 1755 to '63, when he 
 returned to his old charge at Stratford. He pub. several 
 controversial tracts in favour of Episcopacy, 1733, Ac.; a 
 System of Morality, 1746; a Compendium of Logic, 1752; 
 a Sermon, an English Grammar, and a Catechism, 1765; 
 a Hebrew Grammar, 1767; and some tbeolog. treatises. 
 See his Life, by Rev. Dr. Thos. B. Chandler, 1805; again, 
 Lon., 1824, Svo. 
 
 Johnson, Samuel, LL.D., Sept. 18, 1709-Dec. 13, 
 1784, one of the most distinguished writers of any age or 
 country, was a native of Lichfield, where his father carried 
 on the business of a bookseller with more respectability 
 than profit. After a course of preparatory instruction in 
 Mr. Hunter's academy in his native town, and at Mr. West- 
 worth's school at Stourbridge, he was in bis nineteenth 
 year (1728) entered of Pembroke College, Oxford, where 
 he remained for three years, returning home without a 
 degree in 1731. In 1732, he became usher to a school in 
 Market-Bosworth, but found this appointment so distaste 
 ful that in a few months he threw it up, and removed to 
 Birmingham, where he found partial employment as con 
 tributor to a newspaper published by a Mr. Warren, a book 
 seller of that place. It was for this gentleman that he 
 composed his first published work an abridged translation 
 into English from the French of Father Lobo's Voyage 
 into Abyssinia. His reward for this performance was the 
 inconsiderable sum of five guineas. In 1736, he was mar 
 ried to Mrs. Porter, the widow of a Lichfield trader, a lady 
 of vulgar manners, loud voice, florid complexion, and nearly 
 double his age, and with eight hundred pounds sterling 
 in the funds. The newly-married pair thought that this 
 small fortune could not be better employed than in the 
 fitting up of an academy at Edial, near Lichfield; and ac 
 cordingly the public was soon advised of the opening of 
 an institution which, fortunately for the cause of letters, 
 was destined soon to be closed. Three pupils only David 
 Garrick and bis brother being two "thronged the doors" 
 of this respectable seminary. Disgusted with the indiffer 
 ence or incredulity of his townsmen, the dominie deter 
 mined to try a better market for his talents and learning, 
 and in 1737, accompanied by one of his pupils, he who in 
 after-years so long trod the stage without a peer, he took 
 the highroad for London, and from that day became an 
 author by profession. Three years before this period that 
 is, in 1734 he had unsuccessfully sought an engagement 
 as contributor to The Gentleman's Magazine ; but he was 
 now more fortunate in his efforts, and from March, 1738, 
 to 1754, was a regular coadjutor to honest Edward Cave, 
 in whose life in this Dictionary we have already referred 
 to this profitable connexion. At times, indeed, the poor 
 scholar was reduced so low in his finances as to be obliged 
 to live upon fourpence halfpenny per day, and then roam 
 the streets at night with Savage, or some other brother in 
 misfortune, for want of a lodging. 
 
 In 1738, Johnson was employed upon a translation of 
 Father Paul Sarpi's History of the Council of Trent, which 
 was discontinued by Dodsley and Cave in consequence of 
 a rival translation by another Samuel Johnson. It was in 
 May of this year, 1738, that our author gave to the world 
 London, a Poem, in imitation of the Third Satire of Ju 
 venal; a production which was so immediately successful, 
 that, to quote the quaint language of a critic in the Gen 
 tleman's Magazine, it became "remarkable for having got 
 to the second edition in the space of a week." It so hap 
 pened that London appeared in the same day with Pope's 
 Satire of 1738, and the youthful author had no reason to 
 regret the coincidence, for people said, " Here is an un 
 known poet greater even than Pope." 
 
 Pope set young Richardson to work to find out who this 
 formidable rival was. Richardson reported that he had 
 discovered only that "his name was Johnson, and that he 
 was some obscure man." " He will soon be deterre," re 
 plied Pope. This was not the only instance in which he 
 displayed a commendable generosity to the rising star, for 
 from the perusal of London alone he recommended him to 
 Earl Gowerwhen Johnson (in thenextyear) sought a degree 
 "to qualify him for the mastership of a charity-school." 
 
JOH 
 
 JOH 
 
 Of this and of some later portions of Johnson's life 
 we find some notices contributed by ourselves some years 
 since to Putnam's Magazine, (New York, April, 1854,) and 
 from these memoranda we shall not hesitate to quote when 
 it suits our purpose. 
 
 The similarity between London and Pope's satirical vein 
 is very observable. The Vanity of Human Wishes essays 
 a more dignified strain. Garrick accounts for this in his 
 own facetious manner: 
 
 " When Johnson lived much with the Herveys, and saw a good 
 deal of what was passing in life, he wrote his London, which is 
 lively and easy; when he became more retired, he gave us his 
 Vanity of Human Wishes, which is as hard as Greek: had he 
 gone on to imitate another satire, it would have been as hard as 
 Hebrew." 
 
 And yet, flippant little David, thy old schoolmaster 
 wrote a hundred lines a day of this poem, if it is all Greek 
 to thee. Hard as it was to thee, it softened a greater man 
 to tears, for Walter Scott tells us, 
 
 "The deep and pathetic morality of The Vanity of Human 
 "Wishes has often extracted tears from those whose eyes wander dry 
 over pages professedly sentimental." 
 
 Ay, it drew tears from the eyes of the author himself! 
 George"Lewis Scott describes a very interesting little family- 
 gathering at Thrale's, when Dr. Johnson read aloud his 
 satire : whilst recounting the difficulties of the poor, strug 
 gling scholar, he "burst into a passion of tears." Poor 
 fellow ! he remembered those days when he subscribed him 
 self impransus. No longer subject to the pangs of hunger, 
 he now had all that heart could wish, plenty, "honour, 
 love, obedience, troops of friends ;" but his mind reverted 
 to those bitter days of penury when he wandered in the 
 streets for want of a lodging, and, in the garb of poverty, 
 devoured his dinner, furnished by the hand of charity, 
 behind the curtain at good Mr. Cave's ! How had his con 
 dition changed ! We need not marvel at those outpourings 
 of a grateful heart which gush forth in his quiet hours 
 of meditation and solemn seasons of prayer. The great 
 Being on whose guidance and protection he had confi 
 dently relied in the day of destitution and hour of trial 
 had not disappointed his hopes. He had "brought him 
 to great honour, and comforted him on every side." This 
 he deeply felt, and, however at times arrogant and harsh 
 to his fellow-meri, he ever, as Bishop Home well says, 
 "walked humbly before the Lord his God." 
 
 Johnson had no little difficulty in finding a publisher 
 for London, but at last Dodsley ventured to purchase it 
 for the magnificent sum of ten guineas ! The author 
 speaks of this as no inconsiderable price for it: 
 
 ' ' I might, perhaps," he says, " have accepted of less, but that 
 Paul Whitehead had a little before got ten guineas for a poem, and 
 I would not take less than Paul Whitehead." 
 
 In 1744, the reputation of the young author was greatly 
 increased by the publication of the Life of Richard Savage, 
 and this admirable biography was followed in 1746 by a 
 Plan of the Dictionary of the English Language; in 1749, 
 by the representation of the tragedy of Irene, and the 
 publication of The Vanity of Human Wishes; and in 
 1750-52, by the issue of the Rambter. The Dictionary 
 was given to the world in 1755 ; the Idler dates from April 
 5. 1758, to April 5, 1760; Rasselas was pub. in 1759; the 
 edition of Shakspeare, with Notes, in 1765; The False 
 Alarm in 1770; Thoughts on the late Transactions re 
 specting Falkland Islands, 1771 ; A Journey to the Western 
 Islands of Scotland, and The Patriot, in 1774; Taxation 
 no Tyranny, in 1775; and the Lives of the English Poets, 
 his last production of any importance, (and which he had 
 commenced in 1777,) in 1779-81. The Poets in this 
 collection commence with Cowley, and, with the exception 
 of Blackmore, Watts, Pomfret, and Yalden, were chosen 
 by the booksellers, whose original design went no further 
 than the preparation of Biographical Prefaces to the selec 
 tion of British poetry which they were about giving to 
 the world. This meagre project was happily enlarged by 
 the skill and taste of the editor. The lives of Savage, 
 Cowley, Milton, Gray, Dryden, and Pope, are considered 
 the best in point of literary workmanship. The ed. of The 
 Poets to which they were originally prefixed, 1779-81, was 
 in 60 vols. sin. 8vo, price, 7 10. A 2d ed. was pub. in 
 1790, in 75 vols. 12mo. 
 
 A chronological and detailed list of Johnson's writings 
 which we think it unnecessary to quote in this place 
 will be found in the Appendix to Boswell's Life of John- 
 eon, a work which has made the life of the great lexico 
 grapher so familiar to general readers, that some brevity 
 on our part may well be excused. In 1762, a pension of 
 300, conferred by George III., placed the author of the 
 Rambler in circumstances of comparative affluence, and 
 enabled him to pass his remaining days without being sub- 
 
 jected to that harassing literary drudgery for which few 
 
 men were so ill qualified, and still fewer would have so 
 
 bravely endured. We must not forget to mention, before 
 
 | leaving this division of our subject, that in 1755 Johnson 
 
 received the degree of M.A. from the University of Oxford; 
 
 the title of Doctor of Laws from Trinity College, Dublin, 
 
 j in 1762; and the same compliment from Oxford in 
 
 1775. 
 
 The only complete edition of Johnson's Works is that 
 pub. at Oxford, by Talboys and Wm. Pickering, in 1825, 
 i iji 11 vols. 8vo, The Oxford Classic Edition. The con- 
 : tents are as follows: Vol. I. Life; Poems; Rasselas; Let 
 ters; II., III. Rambler; IV. Adventurer; Idler; V. Mis 
 cellaneous Pieces; VI. Reviews; Political Tracts; Lives of 
 Eminent Persons; VII. Lives of the Poets: Cowley, Den- 
 ham, Milton, Butler, Rochester, Roscoinmon, Otvvay, 
 Waller, Pomfret, Dorset, Stepney, J. Philips, Walsh, Dry- 
 den, Smith, Duke, King, Sprat, Halifax, Parnell, Garth, 
 Rowe, Addison, Hughes, and Sheffield ; VIII. Lives of the 
 Poets: Prior, Congreve, Blackmore, Fenton, Gay, Gran- 
 ville, Yalden, Tickell, Hammond, Somervile, Savage, Swift, 
 Broome, Pope, Pitt, Thomson, Watts, A. Philips, West, 
 Collins, Dyer, Shenstone, Young, Mallet, Akenside, Gray, 
 and Lyttelton ; IX. Journey to the Hebrides ; Vision of 
 Theodoric ; The Fountains, a Fairy Tale; Prayers and 
 Meditations; Sermons; Index to vols. i.-ix. ; X., XL Par 
 liamentary Debates, 1740-43. 
 
 We are now to consider the distinguished subject of our 
 notice: 1, as a Poet; 2, as an Essayist; 3, as a Lexico 
 grapher; 4, as a Critic. We shall also briefly review 5, 
 the peculiarities of his st3'le; 6, his appearance, man 
 ners, and conversation ; 7, his moral and religious cha 
 racter. 
 
 1. DR. JOHNSON AS A POET. 
 
 " Read Johnson's Vanity of Human Wishes, all the examples 
 and mode of giving them sublime, as well as the latter part, with 
 the exception of an occasional couplet. I do not much admire tho 
 opening. I remember an observation of Sharpe's, (the Conversa 
 tionist, as he was called in London, and a very clever man,) that 
 the first line of his poem was superfluous, and that Pope (the very 
 best of poets, 1 think) would have begun at once, only changing 
 the punctuation, 
 
 " ' Survey mankind from China to Peru.' 
 
 " The former line, ' Let observation,' &c. is certainly heavy and 
 useless. But 'tis a grand poem and so true I true as the tenth of 
 Juvenal himself. The lapse of ages changes all things, time 
 language the earth the bounds of the sea the stars of the sky, 
 and every thing 'about, around, and underneath' man, except man 
 himself, who has always been, and always will be, an unlucky ras 
 cal. The infinite variety of lives conducts but to death, and tho 
 infinity of wishes leads but to disappointment." LORD BYRON: 
 Ravenna Diary, Jan. 9, 1821. 
 
 James Ballantyne remarks of Sir Walter Scott, a com 
 ment of whose upon the pathos of The Vanity of Human 
 Wishes we have already quoted : 
 
 " He had often said to me, that neither his own nor any modern 
 popular style of composition was that from which he derived most 
 pleasure. I asked him what it Was. He answered, Johnson's ; and 
 that he had more pleasure in reading London, and the Vanity of 
 Human Wishes, than any other poetical composition he could men 
 tion ; and I think I never saw his countenance more indicative of 
 high admiration, than while reciting aloud from these productions." 
 Lockharfs Scott. 
 
 Lockhart tells us that the last line of MS. that Scott 
 sent to the press was a quotation from The Vanity of 
 Human Wishes. 
 
 "Yet," continues Lockhart, "it is the cant of our day 
 above all, of its poetasters that Johnsdn was no poet. 
 To-be-sure, they say the same of Pope, and hint it occa 
 sionally even of Dryden." 
 
 " Juvenal has been translated by Dryden : but the mere English 
 reader will derive the best conception of the manner of this noble 
 satirist from the admirable imitations of Dr. Johnson, which are 
 beyond all praise. Mr. Murphy and Mr. Lewis have likewise lately 
 published imitations of this poet, which possess much merit, though 
 certainly far inferior to the spirited productions of Johnson." DR. 
 DRAKE. 
 
 " Perused Johnson's London and Vanity of Human Wishes. His 
 numbers are strong in sense, and smooth in flow, but want that 
 varied grace and inextinguishable spirit which constitute the es 
 sential charm of Pope's." Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., Ips 
 wich, 1810, 65. 
 
 " Dr. Johnson's London, a Satire, is a noble poem. But his great 
 moral genius was constrained in composition by the perpetual pa 
 rody on his powerful prototype, Juvenal. To have-shown so much 
 genius and so much ingenuity at one and the same time, to have 
 been so original even in imitation, places him in the highest order 
 of minds. But his range was here circumscribed ; for he had to 
 move parallel with the Roman, finding out in every passage cor 
 responding and kindred sins, and in order to preserve which h 
 did wondrously the similitude 
 
 ' To bridle in his struggling muse with pain, 
 Which long'd to launch into a nobler strain.' " 
 PROFESSOR WILSON: Blackw. Mag., June, 1828; and his Essay* 
 Critical and Imaginative, Edin. and Lon., 1856, i. 230. 
 
 " That his tragedy [Irene] was a great failure on the stage ha* 
 
JOH 
 
 JOH 
 
 been already related ; that it is of extreme dulness, of a monotony 
 altogether insufterable, and therefore tires out the reader's patience 
 quite as much as it did the auditor's, is true ; that most of his 
 lesser pieces are only things of easy and of fairly-successful execu 
 tion is likewise certain, with perhaps the exception of his verses on 
 Kobert Levett's death, which have a sweetness and tenderness sel 
 dom found in any of his compositions. But, had he never written 
 any thing after the Imitations of Juvenal, his name would have 
 gone down to posterity as a poet of great excellence, one who only 
 did not reach equal celebrity with Pope, because he came after him, 
 and did not assiduously court the muse. 
 
 " In truth, these two pieces are admirable, both for their matter, 
 their diction, and their versification. . . . Of Johnson's La tin verses 
 it remains to speak, and they assuredly do not rise to the level of 
 his English, nor indeed above mediocrity. The translation of Pope's 
 Messiah, however, a work of his boyhood, gave a promise not ful 
 filled in his riper years." LORD BROUGHAM : Lives of Men of Let 
 ters of the Time of George III. 
 
 2. DR. JOHNSON AS AN ESSAYIST. 
 Under the head of essays, we may, without much vio 
 lence to strict classification, add Johnson's political pamph 
 lets, his Parliamentary Debates, and his tale of Rasselas, 
 to the periodical papers of the Rambler, the Idler, <fcc. 
 The first number of the Rambler was pub. on Tuesday, 
 March 20, 1749-50, and the last on Saturday the 17th 
 (14th, in fact) March, 1752, 208 numbers in all, issued 
 every Tuesday and Saturday, without the loss of a single 
 publication-day. Would that all authors who seek to 
 advance the interests of religion and morality were as 
 conscientious as the author of The Rambler, in imploring 
 the aid of divine grace, " without which nothing is strong, 
 nothing is holy." "Grant, I beseech thee," supplicates 
 the pious writer, " that in this undertaking thy Holy Spirit 
 may not be withheld from me, but that I may promote thy 
 glory, and the salvation of myself and others." The Ram 
 bler excited but little attention at first. Croker seems to 
 question Payne's assertion to Chalmers, that Richardson's 
 essay, No. 97, was the "only paper which had a prosper 
 ous sale and was popular." But the ladies will side with 
 Payne, when they discover by inspection what "No. 97" 
 is about. We shall not inform them, and indeed we strictly 
 forbid any of our female readers to turn to this mysterious 
 paper. If in this Blue-Beard prohibition we meet with the 
 same measure of obedience which was accorded to the 
 gentleman just named, we ought not to be surprised. The 
 good Doctor was sorely put to it to find a name for his 
 child. He told Sir Joshua Reynolds, 
 
 "What must be done, sir, will be done. When I began publish 
 ing that paper I was at a loss how to name it. I sat down at night 
 upon my bedside, and resolved that I would not go to sleep till I 
 had fixed its title. Tke Rambler seemed the best that occurred, 
 and I took it." 
 
 The Doctor wrote the whole of the 208 papers, with the 
 exception of four billets in No. 10, by Miss Mulso, (after 
 wards Mrs. Chapone;) No. 30, by Mrs. Catherine Talbot; 
 No. 97, by Richardson ; and Nos. 44 and 100, by Elizabeth 
 Carter. Of Johnson's 204, thirty only were "worked up" 
 from previously-prepared materials. After a time, the 
 Rambler gained the public ear; and, this secured, the 
 public voice soon followed. Cave, the publisher of the 
 paper, received a number of commendatory letters, news 
 paper-verses appeared in its praise, ad James Elphinston 
 (see p. 555 of this Dictionary) superintended an Edinburgh 
 edition, which followed the London issue. Richardson 
 wrote to Cave that Johnson was the only man who could 
 write them ; which Cave admitted, but complained that, 
 good as they were, they were very slow sale. Even cor 
 pulent Mrs. Rambler, who had never been suspected of 
 very exquisite literary sensibilities, was moved by these 
 effusions of the " gude man's," and rewarded his labours 
 with the very handsome speech, " I thought very well 
 of you before, but I did not imagine you could have 
 written any thing equal to this." 
 
 Notwithstanding the tardy sale at first, the author had 
 the satisfaction of surviving ten editions in London alone. 
 We must not conceal the fact that some unreasonable 
 beings complained of the erudite dignity of the style, 
 and declared that the author (a true "Yankee trick" it 
 \vould now be called) used the hard words in the Rambler 
 in order to render his Dictionary of which the Pros 
 pectus had been issued a short time before indispen 
 sably necessary. 
 
 Edmund Burke, who, like most truly great men, ex 
 celled in wit and humour, said that Johnson's ladies his 
 Misellas, Lorimas, Properantias, and Rhodoclias were 
 all "Johnsons in petticoats." This is much of a piece 
 with Goldsmith's telling Johnson that if he were to com 
 pose a work in which little fishes had to converse, he 
 would make them all talk like great whales! 
 
 In his contributions to the Adventurer, the Doctor uses 
 the stilts less; he walks more, perhaps occasionally runs. 
 
 Yet majestic diction was as natural to a man who thought 
 in rounded periods as was a disjointed chaos of the parts 
 of speech to many of his critics. So far from the elabo 
 rate verbal architecture, anxiously built up and painfully 
 cemented, which the reader supposed, the Ramblers were 
 written just as they were wanted for the press; indeed, at 
 times the first half was in type before the remainder was 
 on paper. 
 
 Boswell relates an amusing anecdote relative to the 
 Italian edition of the Rambler: 
 
 " A foreign minister, of no very high talente, who had been in 
 the company for a considerable time, quite overlooked, happened 
 luckily to mention that he had read some of hia Rambler in 
 Italian, and admired it much. This pleased him [Johnson] greatly. 
 He observed that the title had been translated 11 Genio Errante, 
 though I have been told it was rendered, more ludicrously, II 
 Vagabando ; and, finding that this minister gave such a proof of 
 his taste, he was all attention to him, and on the first remark 
 which he made, however simple, exclaimed, 'The ambassador says 
 well; his Excellency observes ;' and then he expanded and enriched 
 the little tha,t had been said in so strong a manner that it appeared 
 something of consequence. This was exceedingly entertaining to 
 the company who were present, and many a time afterwards it fur 
 nished a pleasant topic of merriment. l The ambassador says well' 
 became a laughable term of applause when no weighty matter had 
 been expressed." 
 
 It deserves to be noticed that the 110th number of the 
 Rambler (on Repentance) was the means of deciding the 
 Rev. James Compton, of the English Benedictine Monks 
 at Paris, to leave that body and embrace the Protestant 
 faith. How many devotees of the Greek Church it would 
 have converted we have, unfortunately, no means of 
 knowing. Yet the author thought at one time that it 
 was about having the opportunity presented to it. Some 
 how or other he heard that the Empress of Russia bad 
 ordered a translation of the Rambler into the Russian 
 language : 
 
 "So," says the author, with a complacent smile, "I 
 shall be read on the banks of the Wolga. Horace boasts 
 that his fame would extend as far as the banks of the 
 Rhone ; now, the Wolga is farther from me than the Rhone 
 from Horace." 
 
 Whether this was the work of some wicked wag, or not, 
 we cannot tell; but we believe that the Russian edition 
 of the Rambler is even scarcer than any "liber rarissi- 
 mus" which tantalizes the "helluo librorum" in the 
 "choice catalogues of Thomas Thorpe." 
 
 We have seen how greatly the Rambler was admired in 
 the select circles which gave law to the Republic of Let 
 ters of that day. The Doctor fully endorsed all that was 
 said in praise of his essays, and observed, not without 
 truth, of his Rambler, that he "had laboured to refine 
 our language to grammatical purity, and to clear it from 
 colloquial barbarisms, licentious idioms, and irregular 
 combinations, and that he has added to the elegance of 
 its construction and the harmony of its cadence." 
 
 But it is not to be supposed that the voice of admiration 
 was the only one to be heard : 
 
 " The Rambler," remarks a celebrated literary and fashionable 
 lady of the day, " is certainly a strange misnomer : he always 
 plods in the beaten road of his predecessors, following the Specta 
 tor (with the same pace as a packhorse would do a hunter) in the 
 style that is proper to lengthen a paper. These writers may, per 
 haps, be of service to the public, which is saying a great deal in 
 their favour. There are numbers of both sexes who never read 
 any thing but such productions, and cannot spare time from doing 
 nothing to go through a sixpenny pamphlet. Such gentle readers 
 may be improved by a moral hint which, though repeated over and 
 over from generation to generation, they never heard in their lives. 
 I should be glad to know the name of this laborious author." 
 L\DY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU: Works, Lou., 1803, 5 vols. 8vo; vol. 
 iv. p. 259. 
 
 " As an essayist, he merits more consideration, [than as a poet 
 and dramatist.] His Ramblers are in everybody's hands. About 
 them opinions vary, and I rather believe the style of these 
 essays is not now considered as a good model. This he corrected 
 in his more advanced age, as may be seen in his Lives of the 
 Poets, where his diction, though occasionally elaborate and highly 
 metaphorical, is not nearly so inflated and ponderous as in the 
 Ramblers." Memoirs of Rich and Cumberland; Samuel Johnson. 
 
 "His Ramblers are in every body's hands," says Cum 
 berland; but his Memoirs were pub. in 1806, and now, in 
 1856, half a century later, this can no longer be said; 
 nor, indeed, could it have been truly said, for many years 
 past, 
 
 " Where is the man who, having turned his thirtieth year, pe 
 ruses Rasselas or the Rambler?" Dibdin's Lib. Oomp., ed. 1825, 
 617-618. 
 
 " Nobody now reads the Rambler or the Idler, and the colossal 
 reputation of Johnson rests almost entirely upon his profound and 
 caustic sayings recorded in Boswell." SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON : Es 
 says, Polit. Histor. and MisceL, Edin. and Lon., 1850, ii. 421. 
 
 But Sir Archibald certainly speaks in haste : the Ram 
 bler and Idler are still read, and will always be read, and 
 that to the great profit of the readers. We should not 
 
JOH 
 
 JOH 
 
 omit to notice, in passing, that Sir Archibald pays a high 
 compliment to the essays of Johnson. See Hist, of Eu 
 rope, 1850-52, chap. v. 
 
 In the whole course of our "Johnsonian readings" we 
 have met with nothing upon this subject which pleased us 
 better, as a lucid exposition of the truth upon this subject, 
 than the following remarks of a learned American di- 
 vin, one of the most profound thinkers, and certainly 
 one of the best writers, of the age : 
 
 " It has been asked, with emphasis, ' Who now reads the Rambler? 
 And it is indubitable that this book, which once exerted so mighty 
 an influence on the English language and people, has given place, 
 at least in general reading, to works of far inferior merit and in 
 terest. The reason seems to be, that its object is wellnigh accom 
 plished. It commenced with a standard of morals and language 
 elevated far above the prevailing style of morals and of writing. It 
 has elevated both, and has brought the English language and no 
 tions of morality to its own level. Nor is it wonderful that men 
 should regard with less interest a work which now is seen to have 
 no very extraordinary elevation. It is a component part of Eng 
 lish literature, having fixed itself in the language, the style, and 
 the morals of the English people, and taken its place as an inte 
 gral, almost undistinguished, part of the national principles of 
 writing and morality. The result is that, while the benefits of the 
 Rambler may be diffusing themselves, unperceived, to almost all I 
 the endearments of the fireside and virtues of the community, the 
 book itself may be very imperfectly known and unfrequently pe 
 rused. Johnson may be almost forgotten, except in praise; but his ' 
 mighty power is yet sending forth a mild influence over lands and 
 seas, like the gentle movements of the dew and the sunbeam." 
 REV. ALBERT BARNES: Christian Spectator, 1832; and in his Miscell. 
 Essays and Reviews, N.York, 1855, i. 126. 
 
 To the same effect writes Sir James Mackintosh : 
 
 " Some heaviness and weariness must be felt by most readers at 
 the perusal of essays on life and manners, written like the Ram 
 bler ; but, it ought never to be forgotten that the two most popular 
 writers of the eighteenth century, Addison and Johnson, were such 
 efficacious teachers of virtue that their writings may be numbered 
 among the causes which in an important degree have contributed 
 to preserve and to improve the morality of the British nation." 
 Mackintosh's Life, Lon., 1835, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "The publication of the Rambler, though not very successful 
 during its progress, stamped the character of the author as one of 
 the first moral writers of the age, and as eminently qualified to 
 write, and even to improve, the English language." SIR WALTER 
 SCOTT : Life of Samuel Johnson, Miscell. Prose Works, Abbotsford 
 ed., Edin. and Lon., 1850, iii. 296. 
 
 "It would not be easy to name a book more tiresome indeed, 
 more difficult to read, or one which gives moral lessons in a more 
 frigid tone, with less that is lively or novel in the matter, in a lan 
 guage more heavy and monotonous. The measured pace, the con 
 stant balance of the style, becomes quite intolerable, for there is 
 no interesting truth to be inculcated remote from common observa 
 tion, nor is there any attack carried on against difficult positions, 
 nor any satirical warfare maintained either with opinions or with 
 persons." LORD BROUGHAM: Lives of Men of Letters of the Time of 
 George III., Lon. and Glasg., 1855, 347. 
 
 Mr. Hazlitt is, if possible, still more severe in his stric 
 tures on the Rambler. We can quote but a few lines of 
 his critique : 
 
 "After closing the volumes of the Rambler, there is nothing 
 that we remember as a new truth gained to the mind, nothing in 
 delibly stamped upon the memory; nor is there any passage that 
 we wish to turn to, as embodying any known principle or observa 
 tion with such force and beauty that justice can only be done to 
 the idea in the author's own words." On the Periodical Essayists. 
 
 We cannot resist the temptation of quoting, by way of 
 contrast to the above, a line or two from the enthusiastic 
 commendation of the author of Clarissa : 
 
 "I am inexpressibly pleased with them. ... I hope the world 
 tastes them ; for its own sake I hope the world tastes them I 
 would not, for any consideration, that they should be laid down 
 through discouragement." Samuel Richardson to Cave,, Aug. 9, 
 
 Perhaps Rasselas, which is quite as much of an essay, 
 or, rather, series of essays, as it is a novel, is even still 
 more neglected than the Rambler. The fervid eulogy of 
 Johnson's greatest biographer is well known, but we must 
 find room for it in our pages : 
 
 "This tale, with all the charms of Oriental imagery, and all the 
 force and beauty of which the English language is capable, leads 
 tis through the most important scenes of human life, and shows us 
 that this stage of our being is full of vanity and vexation of spirit.' 
 t / ln V g Which thi8 work cont ^ in9 is 8uch th *t Almost 
 tr fTif " may furnish a 8ub J' ect of lon S meditation. I 
 am not satisfied if a year passes without my having read it through ; 
 and at every perusal my admiration of the mind which produced it 
 is so highly raised that I can scarcely believe I had the honour of 
 enjoying the intimacy of such a man." BOSWELL. 
 
 We give some other opinions upon this once-celebrated 
 production. Hazlitt is less enthusiastic 
 
 " Rasselas is the most melancholy and debilitatintr moral 
 lation that ever was put forth."-On 
 
 Dr. Young, on the contrary, calls Rasselas "a mass of 
 sense." 
 
 "The work can scarce be termed a narrative, being in a great 
 measure void of incident : it is rather a set of moral dialogues on 
 the various vicissitudes of human life, its follies, its fears, its hopes 
 its wishes, and the disappointment in which all terminate. The 
 style is in Johnson's best manner, enriched and rendered sonorous 
 
 by the triads and quaternions which he so much loved, and ba 
 lanced with an art which, perhaps, he derived from the learned Sir 
 Thomas Browne." SIR WALTER SCOTT : Life of Johnson. 
 
 "In his Rasselas we have much to admire, and enough to make 
 us wish for more. It is the work of an illuminated mind, and offers 
 many wise and deep reflections, clothed in beautiful and harmonious 
 diction. We are not. indeed, familiar with such personages as John 
 son has imagined for the characters of his fable ; but. if we are not 
 exceedingly interested in their story, we are infinitely gratified with 
 their conversation and remarks." Cumberland's Memoirs : Samuel 
 Johnson. 
 
 "No prig shall ever persuade me that Rasselas is not a noble per 
 formance in design and in execution. Never were the expenses of 
 a mother's funeral more gloriously defrayed by a son than the fu 
 neral of Samuel Johnson's mother by the price of Rasselas, written 
 for the pious purpose of laying her head decently and honourably in 
 the dust." CHRISTOPER NORTH : Nodes Ambrotiance, April, 18^9 
 
 The admirer of Johnson will be grateful to us for ex- 
 tending our quotations from Professor Wilson. Always elo 
 quent, the enthusiastic Christopher strikes even a higher 
 chord than is his wont when the author of the Rambler 
 becomes his glowing theme: 
 
 " He had noble faculties and noble feelings ; a hate, high as hea 
 ven, of wickedness ; a scorn, as high, of all that was base or mean; 
 wide knowledge of the world, of London, of life; severe judgment ; 
 imagination not very various perhaps, but very vivid, and, when 
 conjoined with such an intellect, even wonder-working, in realms 
 that seemed scarcely of right to belong to the solemn sage. Wit 
 ness the Happy Valley of Rasselas, and, indeed, all that as-yet-un 
 surpassed story, where, on the wings of fancy and feeling, you are 
 wafted along over the earth, yet never lose sight of its flesh-and- 
 blood inhabitants, working and weeping, yet not unhappy, still, in 
 their toils and their tears, .and dying but to live again, in no cold, 
 glittering, poetic heaven, but in the abodes of bliss, seen by the 
 eyes of nature through religion, builded in the skies." The Man 
 of Ton, a Satire; in Blackw. Mag., June, 1828 ; and in Wilson's Es 
 says.. Critical and Imaginative, Edin. and Lon., 1856, i. 231. 
 
 "The reader who first attempts the Abyssinian Candide feels 
 that he has imposed on himself a task rather than found a plea 
 sure, or even a relaxation. The manner is heavy and little suited 
 to the occasion ; the matter is of a very ordinary fabric, if it is safe 
 and wholesome ; there is nothing that shines except the author's 
 facility of writing in a very artificial style, as soon as we are in 
 formed, by external evidence, of the whole having been written in 
 a few nights. He, perhaps, had some kind of misgiving that it 
 was not a successful effort, for he had never looked at it till two- 
 and-twenty years after it was written, when, a friend happening to 
 have it, who was travelling with him, Johnson read it with some 
 eagerness." LORD BROUGHAM : Lives of Men of Letters, dc. 
 
 The noble critic just quoted considers Johnson's political 
 pamphlets and his occasional tracts as far superior to his 
 moral essays; and he especially commends Taxation no 
 Tyranny, and the review of Soame Jenyns's Treatise on 
 the Origin of Evil. The last-named production has al 
 ready come under our notice in our life of Soame Jenyns. 
 The eloquence of the Parliamentary Debates was of so 
 high an order that Dr. Francis declared that of Demos 
 thenes to be inferior; and Voltaire did not scruple to 
 affirm that the Greek and Roman orators had revived in 
 the British Senate. 
 
 3. DR. JOHNSON AS A LEXICOGRAPHER. 
 
 Before the appearance of Johnson's great work (in 
 1755) the English were sadly in want of a good lexicon 
 of their language. The one in use not without consider 
 able merit was that .of Nathan Bailey, which we have 
 already noticed in oar life of that industrious philologist. 
 English scholars, therefore, had to endure in silence the 
 sarcasm of the Abb6 le Blanc, who declared that such 
 was the passion for the English tongne that the French 
 had made it one of the learned languages, and that even 
 their women studied it, and yet that there was not so 
 much as a good dictionary, or, rather, a tolerable gram 
 mar. We shall not be expected, in the limited space to 
 which we are confined, to enter into any consideration of 
 the philological dispute of the day respecting the com 
 parative merits of the dictionaries of Johnson, Webster, 
 Richardson, and others. Like the valet de chnmbre in 
 the Vicar of Wakefield who read so many magazines, 
 though they quarrel among each other we dearly love 
 them all, and keep the most important of them by our 
 elbow. As regards orthography, we certainly do not as 
 every page of this volume testifies follow the example 
 of our countryman, whilst we should undoubtedly feel en- 
 titled to ridicule without mercy the stolidity of the tyro 
 who should undertake to compare the meagre philological 
 attainments of Dr. Johnson with the amazing erudition, 
 in this department, of Dr. Noah Webster. 
 
 We had intended to quote some criticisms of Drs. 
 Webster and Richardson on the execution of Johnson's 
 Dictionary; but, as such quotations would involve the 
 necessity of an impartial presentation of both sides of the 
 question, for which presentation we lack both space and 
 time, we shall content ourselves, and, we trust, our read 
 ers, with the citation of a few opinions, which (with, per 
 haps, the exception of Lord Brougham's) are not to be 
 
JOH 
 
 JOH 
 
 considered as instituting any comparison between John 
 son's Dictionary and the two which have only recently, in 
 their perfected shape, been submitted to the public eye. 
 
 The Doctor, with his usual foresight, had adopted an 
 excellent mode of discouraging all adverse criticism, by 
 admitting in his admirable preface that "a few wild blun 
 ders and risible absurdities might for a time furnish folly 
 with laughter and harden ignorance into contempt." 
 Now, as no reviewer is particularly desirous of being con 
 sidered either a fool or an ignoramus, we may well sup 
 pose that the Jeffreys of the day were contented to praise 
 where they could and to be silent where they disapproved. 
 We may remark, in this connexion, that it seems hardly 
 worth while for us to repeat the old and well-known story 
 of Johnson's impertinent and unjust letter to the Earl 
 of Chesterfield. It is not to be forgotten, however, that 
 the Earl's suggestions upon the prospectus were all 
 adopted by the author. 
 
 The Monthly Review for April, 1755, was enlarged 
 " four pages extraordinary," and even then the usual 
 catalogue of new books omitted, to make room for a co 
 pious notice of the Dictionary, in which some imperfec 
 tions are rather hinted at than enumerated. Thomas War- 
 ton, in a letter to his brother, after admitting that " the 
 preface was noble, and the history of the language pretty 
 full," complains that " strokes of laxity and indolence 
 were plninly to be perceived." "Laxity and indolence" 
 there will always be in the works of man ; but vigour and 
 industry there were also, else the Dictionary had never 
 seen the light. In our life of Wsr. ADAMS, D.D., p. 37 
 of this Dictionary, we have quoted some remarks of 
 Johnson upon this theme, to which the reader is referred. 
 The book sold well, for a second edition was pub. within 
 a year. This was a great triumph for the author, who 
 declared that, of all his acquaintances, there were only 
 two who, upon the publication of the work, did not en 
 deavour to depress him with threats of censure from the 
 public, or with objections learned from those who learned 
 them from his own preface. 
 
 The Doctor displayed no little ingenuity in the prelimi 
 nary arrangement of his materiel. Bishop Percy tells us: 
 
 " Boswell's account of the manner in which Johnson compiled 
 his Dictionary is confused and erroneous. He began his task (as 
 he himself expressly described to me) by devoting his first care to 
 a diligent perusal of all such English writers as were most correct 
 in their language, and under every sentence which he meant to 
 quote, he drew a line, and noted in the margin the first letter of the 
 word under which it was to occur. He then delivered these books 
 to his clerks, who transcribed each sentence on a separate slip of 
 paper, and arranged the same under the word referred to. By these 
 means he collected the several words and their different significa 
 tions; and when the whole arrangement was alphabetically formed 
 he gave the definitions of their meanings, and collected their ety 
 mologies from Skinner, Junius, and other writers on the subject." 
 
 Andrew Millar's exclamation of delight at the reception 
 of the last sheet was less reverent than Johnson's pious 
 rejoinder. We do not wonder at Millar's impatience. The 
 "three years" stipulated for the undertaking proved to be 
 more than seven, and the copyright-money (1575) had 
 long been in the hands of the lexicographer : we say the 
 hands, for little went into his pocket, after satisfying the 
 demands of his six amanuenses and discharging other ex 
 penses incurred in the prosecution of the work. 
 
 But we promised a few quotations respecting the Dic 
 tionary, and it is quite time they were before the reader. 
 In the same year (1755) of the appearance of the.review 
 of Johnson's Dictionary in the Monthly Review, another, 
 by Dr. Adam Smith, the political economist, was pub. in 
 the (old) Edinburgh Review. Sir James Mackintosh tells 
 us that 
 
 " This review of Johnson's Dictionary is chiefly valuable as a 
 proof that neither of these eminent persons was well qualified to 
 write an English dictionary. The plan of Johnson and the speci 
 mens of Smith are alike faulty. At that period, indeed, neither the 
 cultivation of our old literature, nor the study of the languages 
 from which the English springs or to which it is related, nor the 
 habit of observing the general structure of language, was so far 
 advanced as to render it possible for this great work to approach 
 perfection." Preface to a Reprint in 1816 of the Edinburgh Review 
 0/1755. 
 
 " His Dictionary, though distinguished neither by the philosophy 
 nor by the erudition which illustrate the origin and history of 
 words, is a noble monument of his powers and his literary know 
 ledge, and even of his industry, though it betrays frequent symp 
 toms of that constitutional indolence which must so often have 
 overpowered him in so immense a labour." Mackintosh's Life, 
 Lou.. 1835. 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " That laborious and gigantic task, a dictionary of the language. 
 3ow it is executed is well known, and sufficiently surprising, con 
 sidering that the learned author was a stranger to the Northern 
 languages, on which English is radically grounded, and that the 
 discoveries in grammar since made by Home Tooke were then 
 unknown." SIR WALTER SCOTT: Life of Johnson. 
 
 *' Dr. Johnson, with great labour, has collected the various mean 
 
 ings of every word, and quoted the authorities ; but it would hare 
 been an improvement if he had given an accurate definition of the 
 precise meaning of every word, pointed out the way in which it 
 ought to be employed with the greatest propriety, showed the va 
 rious deviations from the original meaning which custom had so 
 far established as to render allowable, arid fixed the precise limits 
 beyond which it could not be employed without becoming a vicious 
 expression. With this view it would have been necessary to exhibit 
 the nice distinctions which take place between words nearly syno 
 nymous, and without which many words can only be defined in such 
 a manner that they must be considered as exactly synonymous. 
 We omit making quotations from Johnson in order to point out 
 these defects ; and shall content ourselves with giving a few ex 
 amples, to show in what manner, according to our idea, a dictionary 
 of the English language ought to be compiled." Encyc. Brit., edit. 
 7th, art. "Dictionary." 
 
 " Had Johnson left nothing but his Dictionary, one might have 
 traced there a great intellect, a genuine man. Looking to its clear 
 ness of definition, its general solidity, honesty, insight, and success 
 ful method, it may be called the best of all Dictionaries. There is 
 in it a kind of architectural nobleness ; it stands there like a great 
 solid square-built edifice, finished, symmetrically complete: you 
 judge that a true Builder did it." CarlyU's Hero-Worship. 
 
 " Of the Prefaces to his own or other men's works, it is not neces 
 sary to speak in detail. The most ambitious is that to the Dic 
 tionary, which is powerfully written, but promises more than it 
 performs, when it professes to give a history of the English lan 
 guage ; for it does very little more than give a series of passages 
 from the writings in the Anglo-Saxon and English tongues of dif 
 ferent ages. The Dictionary itself, with all its faults, still keeps its 
 ground, and has had no successor that could supplant it. This is 
 owing to the admirable plan of giving passages from the writers 
 cited as authorities for each word, and this part of the design is 
 very well executed. Hence the book becomes almost as entertaining 
 to read as useful to consult. The more difficult task of definition 
 has been less happily performed ; but far better than the etymolo 
 gical part, which neither shows profound knowledge nor makes a 
 successful application of it. The compiler appears to have satisfied 
 himself with one or two authorities, and neither to have chosen 
 them well nor consulted them with discrimination. Of any at 
 tempts at a deeper and more philosophical study, either as regards 
 the structure or the grammar of our language, he cannot be said 
 ever to have had the credit ; but if he at any time was so far for 
 tunate, Home Tooke has very mercilessly stripped him of it." 
 LORD BROUGHAM : Men of Letters, <&c. 
 
 There have been many edits, of Johnson's Dictionary, 
 but we do not think it worth while to notice any save the 
 best, that of the Rev. H. J. Todd, Lon., 1818, in 11 Pts., 
 1827, 3 vols. 4to; new edit., now (1856) in press, edited 
 by Todd and Latham. Mr. H. G. Bohn has recently in 
 1840, '50, and '54, all in imp. 8vo pub. verbatim reprints 
 of Johnson's own last folio edit. 
 
 4. DR. JOHNSON AS A CRITIC. 
 
 A comprehensive view of Dr. Johnson's critical writings 
 would of course include many of his numerous contribu 
 tions to the Gentleman's Magazine, the Universal Visitor, 
 The Literary Magazine or Universal Review, The Poetical 
 Calendar, The London Chronicle, The Critical Review, Ac.; 
 but these articles are almost all of them unknown to the 
 general reader, and of many the evidence of authorship is 
 by no means unquestionable. When reference is made to 
 the critical writings of Johnson, it is understood that the 
 Preface and Notes to Shakspeare, and the Lives of the 
 British Poets, are in the mind of the speaker. To each of 
 these works, therefore, we must devote a few lines. We 
 say "a few lines;" and, indeed, did our space permit, we 
 have little disposition to dwell upon Dr. Johnson as a com 
 mentator upon Shakspeare. We will fight manfully for 
 the Preface, but after that the point of our lance acknow 
 ledges the influence of the attraction of gravitation, and 
 bends earthward. Francis Douce, one of the most erudite 
 of literary antiquaries, thus despatches the critical doctor 
 in a few words, much to the purpose : 
 
 "The indefatigable exertions of Messrs.Steevens.Malone.Tyrwhitt, 
 and Mason, will ever be duly appreciated by the true and zealous 
 admirer of Shakspeare's pages. If the name of a celebrated critic 
 and moralist be not Included on this occasion, it is because he was 
 certainly unskilled in the knowledge of obsolete customs and ex 
 pressions. His explanatory notes, therefore, are, generally speak 
 ing, the most controvertible of any; but no future editor will dis 
 charge his duty to the public, who shall omit a single sentence of 
 this writer's masterly preface, or of his sound and tasteful charac 
 ters of the text of Shakspeare." 
 
 Again : 
 
 No disparagement is meant to the memory or talents of one of 
 the greatest of men, when a protest is entered against the text of 
 Dr. Johnson." 
 
 We well remember our astonishment at Johnson's criti 
 cism upon Proteus's speech in the Two Gentlemen of 
 Verona, where he charges Shakspeare with a blunder in 
 making the enamoured young gallant say, 
 
 " Tis but her picture I have yet beheld, 
 And that hath dazzled my reason's light." 
 
 "Why," says the Doctor, "he had an interview with 
 Silvia, and yet talks of having only seen her picture !" 
 The literal commentator did not make sufficient allowance 
 for the rhetoric of lovers. That there should be much 
 valuable matter, and many sensible observations, contained 
 
JOH 
 
 JOH 
 
 in such a body of notes by such a writer, is a matter of 
 course. The errors and misconceptions which prove the 
 critic's unfitness for his task afford another proof of what 
 even wise men often forget, that no amount of genius, no 
 extent of general knowledge, will qualify an author for a 
 particular field without particular preparation. The 
 Monthly Review (vol. xxxiii., 1765) devotes no less than 
 thirty pages to a notice (by no means complimentary) of 
 Johnson's Shakspeare, and to this article, from which we 
 had intended to quote, we must refer the reader. Johnson's 
 edit of Shakspeare appeared in 1765, 8 vols. 8vo. His 
 principal predecessors as commentators on the great poet 
 were: 1. Rymer, 1678; 2. Dennis, 1693; 3. Gildon, 1694; 
 4. Pope, 1725; 5. Theobald, 1726; 6. Peck, 1740; 7. Sir 
 Thomas Hantner, 1745; 8. Grey, 1746; 9. Warburton,1747 j 
 10. Upton, 1748; 11. Whalley, 1748; 12. Edwards, 1748; 
 13. Holt, 1749; 14. Charlotte Lennox, 1753-54; 15. Cooper, 
 1V55; 16. Howard, 1756; 17. Capell, 1759; 18. Heath, 1765. 
 Before we leave this period the date of the publication 
 of Johnson's Shakspeare we must refer the reader to the 
 fierce attack of Kenrick (Goldsmith's malignant foe) upon 
 the new editor, pub. in the Monthly Review for December, 
 1765. Warburton's savage assault upon Johnson, in re 
 venge for his temerity in modestly questioning some of 
 that commentator's critical canons or annotations, is 
 exactly what might have been expected from that amiable 
 and courteous (!) prelate. See Letters from a late eminent 
 Prelate to one of his Friends, (Bishop Kurd,) 1808, pp. 
 272-273. 
 
 But it is quite time that we had turned our attention to 
 the opinions of critics of a more modern period: 
 
 " The Preface to his Shakspeare, certainly, is far superior to his 
 other introductory discourses, both fuller of matter and more ela 
 borate. His remarks on the great dramatist are, generally speak 
 ing, sound and judicious; many of them may even, on a subject 
 sufficiently hackneyed, be deemed original. The boldness with 
 which his many critical objections were offered deserves not the 
 less praise that Shakspeare's numberless and gross faults are easy 
 to discern ; because, in presence of the multitude, we might say 
 even of the English nation at large, their obvious nature and con 
 siderable magnitude has never made them very safe to dwell upon. 
 . . . The Preface is more to be commended than the work itself. 
 As a commentator, he is certainly far from successful." LORD 
 BROUGHAM : Lives of Men of Letters, <6c. 
 
 " Johnson compares him who should endeavour to recommend 
 this poet by passages unconnectedly torn from his works, to the 
 pedant in Hierocles who exhibited a brick as a sample of his house. 
 And yet how little, and how very unsatisfactorily, does he himself 
 speak of the pieces considered as a whole! Let any man, for 
 instance, bring together the short characters which he gives at the 
 close of each play, and see if the aggregate will amount to that 
 sum of admiration which he himself, at his outset, has stated as the 
 correct standard for the appreciation of the poet." A. W. SchlegeVs 
 Lects. on Dramat. Art. and Lit., Black's Trans., Lon., 1846, 360. See 
 also pp. 365, 399. 
 
 " Johnson's Preface is doubtless a great and masterly perform 
 ance, evincing a mind of large general powers, and is executed 
 throughout with uncommon dignity and effect. There are those 
 who elevate it to the skies ; but there is also a considerable number 
 of well-read Shaksperians who are far from bowing with unqualified 
 submission to the critical canons which it contains. . . . Johnson's 
 critical summary of the preponderating merits and demerits of 
 each play should be always a concomitant of every edition of Shak- 
 epeare." Dibdin's Lib. Camp., ed. 1825, 805. 
 
 " Johnson explained much well, but there is something magiste 
 rial in the manner wherein he dismisses each play like a boy's 
 exercise, that irritates the reader. His criticism is frequently ju 
 dicious, but betrays no ardent admiration for Shakspeare." HAL- 
 LAM : Lit. Hist, of Europe, 4th ed., 1854, iii. 94. 
 
 No portion of Johnson's writings has been so warmly 
 praised, and so severely censured, as the Lives of the 
 English Poets. Sir Egerton Brydges, in the Preface to his 
 edit, of Phillips's Theatrum Poetarum Anglicanorum, 
 complains lamentably of the false taste of the age which 
 considered the poetical school of Pope the highest in the 
 Republic of Letters : 
 
 " Dr. Johnson," he continues, " whose Lives of the Poets are ex 
 tremely valuable, from the knowledge of life they display, from 
 their morality, and from that acuteness of investigation and vigor 
 of expression which his astonishing powers of intellect threw on 
 every subject in which he engaged, has yet contributed to authorize 
 this degraded taste. For candor ought to confess that a feeling 
 for the higher kinds of poetry was not among his excellencies. Is 
 it possible for thoseto doubt it who recollect the opinion he has 
 expressed of Milton's Lycidas, and of the Odes of Gray? Who re 
 member that he has scarce mentioned the Fables of Dryden, and 
 that he has hafdly conferred even a cold extorted praise on the Ode 
 to the Passions, by Collins? Who must admit, that, among the 
 modern poets who have pretensions to excellence in that art, there 
 are but two, except his favorite Pope, to whose merits he has done 
 any tolerable justice? These are Thomson and Young: of whom 
 he has spoken, of one with noble and discriminative praise ; and 
 the poetical character of the other he has celebrated with a warm 
 and happy splendor of eloquence, which is perhaps the finest pas- 
 eage in all the efforts of his pen." xli., et infra, and Ivii. 
 
 Read another article on Johnson, by Sir S. E. Brydges, 
 in his Imaginative Biography, roL ii. 251. 
 
 " Wherever understanding alone is sufficient for poetical criticism, 
 the decisions of Johnson are generally right. But the beauties of 
 poetry must be felt before their causes are investigated. There is 
 a poetical sensibility, which in the progress of the mind becomes 
 as distinct a power as a musical ear or a picturesque eye. Without 
 a considerable degree of this sensibility, it is as vain for a man of 
 the greatest understanding to speak of the higher beauties of 
 poetry, as it is for a blind man to speak of colours. To adopt the 
 warmest sentiments of poetry, to realize its boldest imagery, to 
 yield to every impulse of enthusiasm, to submit to the illusions of 
 fancy, to retire with the poet into his ideal worlds, were dispositions 
 wholly foreign from the worldly sagacity and stern shrewdness of 
 Johnson. As in his judgment of life and character, so in his criti 
 cism on poetry, he was a sort of Freethinker. He suspected the 
 refined of affectation, he rejected the enthusiastic as absurd, and 
 he took it for granted that the mysterious was unintelligible. He 
 came into the world when the school of Dryden and Pope gave the 
 law to English poetry. In that school he had himself learned to 
 be a lofty and vigorous declaimer in harmonious verse ; bevond 
 that school his unforced admiration perhaps scarcely soared :* and 
 his highest effort of criticism was accordingly the noble panegyric 
 on Dryden. His criticism owed its popularity as much to its defects 
 as to its excellencies. It was on a level with the majority of readers, 
 persons of good sense and information, but of no exquisite sensi 
 bility, and to their minds it derived a false appearance of solidity 
 from the very narrowness which excluded those grander efforts of 
 imagination to which Aristotle and Bacon confined the name of 
 poetry." SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH: Memoirs of his Life and Writings, 
 Lon., 1835, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 See also his Review of Rogers's Poems, in his Works, 
 1854, vol. ii. 505-506. 
 
 " Johnson seems to have conceived, like Milton, a theory that good 
 writing, at least in verse, is never either to follow the change of 
 fashion, or to sink into familiar phrase, and that any deviation from 
 this rigour should be branded as low and colloquial." HaUam's 
 Lit. Hist, of Europe, 4th ed., 1854, iii. 486. 
 
 "Johnson strips many a leaf from every laurel; still. Johnson's 
 is the finest critical work extant, and can never be read without 
 instruction and delight. . . . The opinions of that truly great man, 
 whom it is also the present fashion to decry, will ever be received 
 by me with that deference which time will restore to him from all." 
 LORD BYRON. 
 
 " One of his most pleasing as well as most popular works, The 
 Lives of the British Poets, which he executed with a degree of cri 
 tical force and talent which has seldom been concentrated." SIB 
 WALTER SCOTT : Life of Samuel Johnson. 
 
 Sir Archibald Alison remarks that few now read 
 "The Lives of the Poets, interesting as they are, and admirable 
 as are the criticisms on our greatest authors which they contain." 
 Essays, 1850, iii. 392. 
 
 " The merit of this work is very great, whether we regard the 
 matter or the style ; for the composition is far more easy and na 
 tural, far less pompous and stately, and the diction both more pic 
 turesque and more simple, than in any other of his writings. The 
 measured period, the balance of sentences, and the diffusiveness 
 arising from this desire of symmetry, is still in a good degree re 
 tained ; but it is far less constant, and therefore palls less on the 
 appetite, than in any of his former works." LORD BROUGHAM : Lives 
 of Men of Letters, <c. 
 
 " Johnson decided literary questions like a lawyer, not like a legis 
 lator. He never examined foundations where a point was already 
 ruled. His whole code of criticism rested on pure assumption, for 
 which he sometimes quoted a precedent or an authority, but rarely 
 troubled himself to give a reason drawn from the nature of things. 
 He took it for granted that the kind of poetry which flourished in 
 his own time, which he had been accustomed to hear praised from 
 his childhood, and which he had himself written with success, was 
 the best kind of poetry. . . . The judgments which Johnson passed 
 on books were in his own time regarded with superstitious vene 
 ration, and in our time are generally treated with indiscriminate 
 contempt." T. B. MACAULAY : Grit, and Hist. Essays, Lon., 1854. i. 
 390, 392; from the Edin. Rev., Sept. 1831. 
 
 The incorrectness of this assertion must be obvious to 
 the reader who has perused the opinions just quoted; and 
 it is easy for us to add to the evidence already presented 
 of Mr. Macaulay's very grave error. As regards ourselves, 
 we profess to fairly present each, but to embrace neither, 
 side of these literary controversies. 
 
 The opinion of Christopher North will doubtless have 
 great weight with many readers : 
 
 " NORTH : ' Johnson's mind was a furnace : it reduced every thing 
 to its elements. We have no truly great critical intellect since his 
 time.' 
 
 "BULLER: 'What would he have thought of our modern re 
 viewers ?' 
 
 " NORTH : ' Why, not one of the tribe would have dared to cry 
 mew, had he been alive. The terror of him would have kept them 
 as mum as mice when there's a cat in the room. If he had detected 
 such a thing as Jeffrey astir, he would have cracked every bone in 
 his body with one worry.' 
 
 "BULLER: 'I can believe it all. Even Gifford would have been 
 annihilated.' 
 
 " NORTH : ' Like an ill-natured pug-dog flung into a lion's cage.' " 
 Noctes Ambrosianse, April, 1822. 
 
 " He had his prejudices, and his partialities, and his bigotries, and 
 his blindnesses, but on the same fruit-tree you see shrivelled pears 
 or apples on the same branch with jargonelles or golden pippins 
 Worthy of Paradise. . . . Show me the critique that beats his on 
 Pope and on Dryden, nay, even on Milton ; and hang me if you 
 may not read his Essay on Shakspeare even after having read 
 Charles Lamb or heard Coleridge, with increased admiration of the 
 powers of all three, and of their insight through different avenues, 
 and, as it might seem, almost with different bodily and mental 
 organs, into Shakspeare's ' old exhausted' and his ' new imagined 
 
jon 
 
 JOH 
 
 worlds.' He was a critic and a moralist who would have been 
 wholly wise had he not been partly constitutionally insane." 
 CHRISTOPHER NORTH: Noctes Ambrostianee, April, 1829. 
 
 " There is an amiable desire shown to give merit its reward ; nor 
 do the author's prejudices interfere with this just course, except in 
 a very few instances of political feelings warping his judgment, or 
 indignation at impiety blinding him to literary excellence, or of 
 admiration for religious purity giving slender merits an exaggerated 
 value in his eyes. The justness of his taste may be in all other 
 cases admitted ; great critical acuteness is everywhere exercised ; 
 extensive reading of ancient and modern poetry is shown ; and occa 
 sionally philosophical subjects are handled with considerable hap 
 piness both of thought and of illustration." LORD BROUGHAM : Lives 
 of Men of Letters, tfe. 
 
 " Johnson has himself done great good by exposing great faults 
 in great authors. His criticism on Milton's highest work is the most 
 valuable of all his writings. He seldom is erroneous in his cen 
 sures, but he never is sufficiently excited to admiration of what is 
 purest and highest in poetry." W. SAVAGE LANDOR. 
 
 In another part of his writings, Landor concurs in a 
 censure frequently urged against Johnson of injustice to 
 Milton on account of party prejudices. This subject must 
 be glanced at before we leave our theme. 
 
 "Dr. Johnson's Lives of the Poets are necessarily a prominent 
 ornament of every library, as they have been the common theme 
 of admiration of all countries. The style and the reflections are 
 the chief charm of this popular work. Many of the facts must be 
 cautiously admitted. Not that Johnson designedly falsified ; but 
 he always wanted time, diligence, and patience in the collection of 
 his materials ; and he rejoiced to find the fact as he unshed to find 
 it, without sufficiently weighing it in the .balance of impartiality. 
 He hugged every thing which he thought might throw a shade on 
 a republican, a whig, or a dissenter, and spared no pains in Exe 
 cuting such a picture in his most powerful and overwhelming 
 colours." Dibdin's Lib. Camp., ed. 1825, 521, n. 
 
 We shall now introduce some brief extracts from the 
 graceful pen of the distinguished author of the History 
 of Ferdinand and Isabella: 
 
 " Johnson's work, as every one knows, is conducted on the most 
 capricious and irregular plan. . . . Besides these defects of plan, 
 the critic was certainly deficient in sensibility to the more delicate, 
 the minor beauties of poetic sentiment. He analyzes verse in the 
 cold-blooded spirit of a chemist, until all the aroma which consti 
 tuted its principal charm escapes in the decomposition. By this 
 kind of process, some of the finest fancies of the Muse, the lofty 
 dithyrambics of Gray, the ethereal effusions of Collins, and of 
 Milton too, are rendered sufficiently vapid." 
 
 This accomplished critic proceeds to point out what he 
 esteems to be defects in the Doctor's taste in composition, 
 and the graver objections to his work arising from the 
 effects of religious and political prejudices, and then con 
 tinues : 
 
 " With all this, there is no one of the works of this great and 
 good man in which he has displayed more of the strength of his 
 mighty intellect, shown a more pure and masculine morality, more 
 sound principles of criticism in the abstract, and more acute deli 
 neation of character, and more gorgeous splendour of diction." 
 
 Johnson's Life of Milton, however, does not eseape Mr. 
 Prescott's severe animadversions: 
 
 " A production more discreditable to the author is not to bo 
 found in the whole of his voluminous works ; equally discreditable, 
 whether regarded in an historical light or as a sample of literary 
 criticism. . . . His life of Milton is a humiliating testimony of the 
 power of political and religious prejudices to warp a great and good 
 mind from the standard of truth, in the estimation not merely of 
 contemporary excellence, but of the great of other years, over 
 whose frailties Time might be supposed to have drawn his friendly 
 mantle." Prescott's Miscellanies, ed. 1855, 247, 248, 277, 278, and 
 in North Amer. Review for October, 1839. 
 
 John Foster warms with equal indignation at the same 
 theme : 
 
 " There are parts of the Lives of the Poets which every lover of 
 literary or moral justice would be glad to see stamped with an in 
 delible brand of reprobation, with a disgrace so signal and perspi 
 cuous as to be a perpetual warning against the perversion of criti 
 cism and private history by political and religious bigotry and 
 personal spleen." Criticism on the English Poets: Foster's Essays, 
 Lon., 1856, i. 145, and in Eclec. Rev., March, 1808. 
 
 Foster then proceeds to specify the instances of Milton 
 and Gray : he is eloquent, and we would fain quote more 
 of his flowing rhetoric; but this must not be. 
 
 Even Dr. Drake, one of Johnson's warmest admirers, 
 does not venture to enter a plea of "Not Guilty" on John 
 son's behalf: 
 
 " No man can entertain a higher idea of Johnson's intellectual 
 powers, as a lexicographer, a teacher, and a moralist, than myself; 
 but poetical criticism was not his province ; and though in point of 
 style his Lives be superior, perhaps, to any of his preceding com 
 positions, they are infinitely more disgraced by the inexorable par 
 tialities of the man." Drake's Literary Hours, vol. i. 22. 
 
 Cumberland, Johnson's old friend, writing long after the 
 . Doctor's death, is disposed to treat the indignant outcry 
 elicited by these strictures of the latter with very little 
 respect : 
 
 " He was an acute and able critic : the enthusiastic admirers of 
 Milton and the friends of Gray will have something to complain 
 of, but criticism is a task which no man executes to all men's satis 
 faction. ... A work of merit, which abounds in beauties far more 
 prominent than its defects, and much more pleasing to contemplate." 
 Cumberland's Memoirs : Samuel Johnson. 
 
 Dr. Channing is more lenient to Johnson than many of 
 Milton's apologists are disposed to be : 
 
 " We could find no pleasure in sacrificing one great man to the 
 manes of another. ... He did not and he could not appreciate 
 Milton. We doubt whether two other minds, having so little in 
 common as those of which we are speaking, can be found in the 
 higher walks of literature. Johnson was great in his own sphere, 
 but that sphere was comparatively of ' the earth,' while Milton's 
 was only inferior to that of angels. It was customary, in the day 
 of Johnson's glory, to call him a giant, to class him with a mighty 
 but still an earth-born race. Milton we should rank among 
 seraphs." 
 
 Channing proceeds in this truly -eloquent strain for some 
 lines, and then applies the contrast to the reader's own 
 judgment, by demanding, 
 
 " How could Johnson be just to Milton 1" Remarks on the Cha 
 racter and Writings of John Milton. 
 
 Johnson here escapes far more easily than he generally 
 does when arraigned for this oft-urged offence, and this 
 mitigation of punishment will be demurred at by many 
 of the champions of the immortal Milton. But we have 
 a higher defence to plead, (or rather to adduce, for we plead 
 nothing on either side;) nothing less than an entire ac 
 quittal of the alleged culprit : 
 
 "That he had strong prepossessions against Milton's political 
 opinions cannot be doubted ; but it is extremely incorrect to affirm, 
 as has been too generally affirmed, that this feeling made him unfair 
 to that great poet's merits. No one can read hia criticism on Para 
 dise Lost, without perceiving that he places it next to the Iliad, and 
 in some respects on an equal, if not a higher, level. The praise 
 of it in The Rambler is equally ample. His objections are not at 
 all groundless ; and, although to the lesser pieces he may not be 
 equally just, it is certain that, except to the Lycidas, he shows no 
 very marked unfairness, while, in observing the faults of the others, 
 he largely commemorates their beauties." LORD BROUGHAM : Lives 
 of Men of Letters, dc. 
 
 As regards the literary merits of Johnson's review of 
 PARADISE LOST, perhaps many scholars, of all classes of 
 opinions, will acknowledge a participation, to some extent, 
 in the enthusiasm which animates the glowing eulogy of 
 Dibdin : 
 
 "Who that reads Johnson's criticisms on certain portions of the 
 Paradise Lost is not convinced that he is reading one of the most 
 masterly performances of the human intellect ? exhibiting an ex 
 tent and power of conception a vigour and felicity of diction 
 such as one knows not where to find equalled in any modern pro 
 duction."!,*. Comp., ed. 1825, 521. 
 
 Before leaving this part of our subject we must not omit 
 to notice an edit, recently issued (Lon., 1854, 3 vols. 8vo) 
 of Johnson's Lives of the British Poets, with Notes, cor 
 rective and explanatory, by Peter Cunningham. This the 
 collector of a "Johnsonian Library" must immediately 
 procure. A new impression of Hazlitt's ed. of the Lives 
 of the Poets was also pub., Lon., 1854, 4 vols. fp. 8vo. 
 We may add that he will find a valuable guide to John- 
 soniana in the list furnished by Lowndes (containing about 
 sixty books) in the Bibliographer's Manual, 1032-1033. 
 See also Index to Blackw. Mag., vols. i.-l. 
 
 5. DR. JOHNSON'S STYLE OP COMPOSITION. 
 
 In this department of our subject also we shall have 
 something to produce on both sides of the question : 
 
 "To Johnson may be attributed the establishment of our present 
 refinement, and it is with truth he observes of his Bambler, ' That 
 he had laboured to refine our language to grammatical purity, and 
 to clear it from colloquial barbarisms, licentious idioms, and irre 
 gular combinations, and that he has added to the elegance of its 
 construction and to the harmony of its cadence.' " Disraeli 's MisceU. 
 of Lit.; Style; ed. Lon., 1840, 7. 
 
 " Junius and Johnson were the first who again familiarized ns 
 with more glowing and sonorous diction, and made us feel the 
 tameness and poorness of the serious style of Addison and Swift." 
 LORD JEFFREY : Oontrib. to the Edin. Rev., Lon., 1853, 77, and in 
 Edin. Rev., Sept. 1816. 
 
 We know not where we can better quote Lord Jeffrey's 
 description of Johnson as " that great master of reason," 
 (Edin. Rev., xv. 175,) and Sir Archibald Alison's assertion 
 (Hist, of Europe, 1789-1815, chap. Ix.) that Dr. Johnson 
 was " the strongest intellect and the most profound ob 
 server of the eighteenth century." 
 
 "The distinguishing excellence of Johnson's manner, both in 
 speaking and writing, consists in the apt and lively illustrations by 
 example with which, in his vigorous sallies, he enforces his just and 
 acute remarks on human life and manners, in all their modes and 
 representations ; the character and charm of his style, in a happy 
 choice of dignified and appropriate expressions, and that masterly 
 involution of phrase by which he contrives to bolt the prominent 
 idea strongly on the mind." Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., 
 Ipswich, 1810, 9-10. 
 
 " At length rose the Colossus of English Philology, SAMUEL JOHN 
 SON, having secretly and unremittingly formed his style upon the 
 basis of that of Sir Thomas Browne, a name in every respect to be 
 held in grateful remembrance. But Johnson, as a philologist, is 
 almost an original ; and doubtless among the very foremost in the 
 ranks of the literature of his country. And yet, I know not how 
 it is, but as years creep on we do not read his pages with that de 
 voted enthusiasm which we did in our college days : for where is 
 the man who, having turned his thirtieth year, peruses either 
 Rasselas or the Rambler 1" Dibdin's Lib. Oomp., ed. 1825,617-618. 
 
 977 
 
JOH 
 
 JOH 
 
 " His writings will lire forever, still more and more studied and 
 admired, white Britons shall continue to be characterized by a love 
 of elegance and sublimity, of good sense and virtue." BISHOP 
 HORNE. 
 
 "Johnson's first style was naturally energetic; his middle style 
 was turgid to a fault ; his latter style was softened down and har 
 monized into periods more tuneful and more intelligible." Cum 
 berland's Memoirs. 
 
 " A love of hard and learned words prevailed throughout ; and a 
 fondness for balanced periods was its special characteristic. But 
 there was often great felicity in th& expression, occasionally a pleas 
 ing cadence in the rhythm, generally an epigrammatic turn in the 
 language, as well as in the idea. Even where the workmanship 
 seemed mosj to surpass the material, and the word-craft to be exer 
 cised needlessly and the diction to run to waste, there was never 
 any feebleness to complain of, and always something of skill and 
 effect to admire. The charm of nature was ever wanting, but the 
 presence of great art was undeniable. Nothing was seen of the 
 careless aspect which the highest of artists ever give their master 
 pieces, the produce of elaborate but concealed pains ; yet the strong 
 hand of an able workman was always marked ; and it was observed, 
 too, that he had disdained to hide from us the far less labour which 
 he had much more easily bestowed. There is no denying that some 
 of Johnson's works, from the meagreness of the material and the 
 regularity of the monotonous style, are exceedingly little adapted 
 to reading. They are flimsy, and they are dull ; they are pompous, 
 and, though full of undeniable indeed, self-evident truths, they are 
 somewhat empty; they are, moreover, wrapped up in a style so 
 disproportioned in its importance, that the perusal becomes very 
 tiresome, and is soon given up. This character belongs more espe 
 cially to the Rambler, the object of such unmeasured praises among 
 his followers, and from which he derived the title of the Great 
 Moralist." LORD BROUGHAM : Lives of Men of Letters, dc. 
 
 The reader will find a continuation of his lordship's re 
 marks in our notice of the Rambler in a preceding page. 
 The noble critic places the Life of Cowley at "the head 
 of all" the author's writings, and (as we have already in 
 timated) considers the review of Soame Jenyns's Inquiry 
 into the Origin of Evil " one of his happiest perform 
 ances." 
 
 "The third period [in the progress of English style] may be 
 called the Rhetorical, and is distinguished by the prevalence of a 
 school of writers of which Johnson was the founder. The funda 
 mental character of this style is that it employs undisguised art 
 where classical writers appear only to obey the impulse of a culti 
 vated and adorned nature. . . . 
 
 " As the mind of Johnson was robust, but neither nimble nor 
 graceful, so his style, though sometimes significant, nervous, and 
 even majestic, was void of all grace and ease ; and, being the most 
 unlike of all styles to the natural effusion of a cultivated mind, 
 had the least pretensions to the praise of eloquence. During the 
 period, now near a close, in which he was a favourite model, a stiff 
 symmetry and tedious monotony succeeded to that various music 
 with which the taste of Addison diversified his periods, and to that 
 natural imagery which his beautiful genius seemed, with graceful 
 negligence, to scatter over his composition." SIR JAMES MACKIN 
 TOSH : Memoirs of his Life, 1835, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 "What most distinguishes Dr. Johnson from other writers ia 
 the pomp and uniformity of his style. All his periods are cast in 
 the same mould, are of the same size and shape, and, consequently, 
 have little fitness to the variety of things he professes to treat of. 
 His subjects are familiar, but the author is always upon stilts. He 
 has neither ease nor simplicity, and his efforts at playfulness in 
 part remind one of the lines in Milton : 
 
 ' The elephant 
 To make them sport wreathed his proboscis lithe.' " 
 
 Hazlitt on the Periodical Essayist. 
 
 " All his books are written in a learned language ; in a language 
 which nobody hears from his mother or his nurse ; in a language 
 in which nobody ever quarrels, or drives bargains, or makes love ; 
 in a language in which nobody ever thinks. . . . Mannerism is 
 pardonable, and is sometimes even agreeable, when the manner, 
 though vicious, is natural. Few readers, for example, would be 
 willing to part with the mannerism of Milton or Burke. But a 
 mannerism which does not sit easy on the mannerist which has 
 been adopted on principle, and which can be sustained only by 
 constant effort is always offensive. And such is the mannerism 
 of Johnson." T. B. MACAULAY : Crit. and Hist. Essays, Lon., 1854, 
 i. 398-399 ; and in Edin. Rev., Sept. 1831. 
 
 " The Doctor's taste in composition,' remarks Mr. Prescott, in 
 his notice of Johnson's Lives of the Poets, just quoted from, " to 
 judge from his own style, was not of the highest order. It was a 
 style, indeed, of extraordinary power, suited to the expression of 
 his original thinking, bold, vigorous, and glowing with all the 
 lustre of polished antithesis. But the brilliancy is cold, and the 
 ornaments are much too florid and overcharged for a gracefu 
 effect." Miscellanies, 1855, 248. 
 
 " No man," remarks one of the greatest masters of the English 
 ^.f? 6 ' "contemplates with greater tenderness than we do the 
 Irailties 01 Dr. Johnson ; none respects more the sound parts of his 
 moral system, or admires more the vigor of the elephantine step 
 with which he sometimes tramples down insolent error and pre 
 sumptuous sophistry. But let no young man who wishes to learn 
 t write well study his style." EDWARD EVERETT: N.Amer. Rev. 
 
 It was formerly greatly the fashion to copy, or to en 
 deavour to copy, the " Johnsonian style." Mr. Macaulaj 
 declared (review of Croker's Boswell, Edin. Rev., Sept 
 1831) that Johnson's "peculiarities have been imitated 
 by his admirers, and parodied by his assailants, till the 
 public has become sick of the subject." 
 
 A critic in the same periodical (for Oct. 1850) remark 
 that 
 
 978 
 
 "It is not easy for those who have not inspected contempo 
 raneous literature, especially its second-rate productions, to 
 conceive to what an extent Johnson's style was imitated by his 
 admirers." Vol. xcii. 333. 
 
 Sir James Mackintosh observes, as late as 1831, that 
 " From the corruptions introduced by Dr. Johnson, English styie 
 was only then recovering." 
 Disraeli says : 
 
 " Such was the influence of the elaborate novelty of Johnson, 
 that every writer in every class servilely copied the Latinized 
 style, ludicrously mimicking the contortions and re-echoing the 
 onorous nothings, of our great lexicographer. The novelist of 
 lomestic life, or the agriculturist in a treatise on turnips, alike 
 aimed at the polysyllabic force and the cadenced period. Such 
 was the condition of English style for more than twenty years." 
 Miscett. of Lit.: Style; ed. Lon., 1840, 8. 
 
 " At present," says Hazlitt, in his Sixth Lecture on the English 
 'oets, delivered at the Surrey Institution in 1818, ''we cannot see a 
 ottery-puff or a quack advertisement pasted against a wall, that ia 
 not perfectly Johnsonian in style." 
 
 " His brilliant style," says Mr. Prescott, " has been the imitation 
 )f every schoolboy, and of some children of larger growth, since 
 the days of the Rambler. But the nearer they come to it the 
 worse. The beautiful is turned into the fantastic, and the sublime 
 nto the ridiculous." Miscellanies, 1855, 271-272, land in N.Amer. 
 Review, Oct. 1839. 
 
 Dr. Southey regarded these imitators with as little 
 complacency. " Look," he exclaims, in a letter to Henry 
 Taylor, Dec. 31, 1825, "at the imitations of Gibbon and 
 Johnson !" 
 
 The too frequent use of words derived from the Latin 
 and Greek is often alleged against Johnson's composi 
 tions, and, we think, with reason. But the objector often 
 carries his charge too far. The use of such derivatives 
 in moderation and with propriety is to be encouraged 
 rather than censured. Those who display their ignorance 
 of the language by accusing Johnson of word-making 
 will have to revive their knowledge of early English vo 
 cabularies. Let those who are so fond of Anglo-Saxon 
 undefiled" amuse themselves occasionally with a page 
 or two of Aldhelm, Ceolfrid of Wearmouth, or Felix of 
 Croyland. Let them read to their families, for weekday 
 entertainment, King Alfred's Orosius, and wind up the 
 devotions of the Sabbath with the royal translator's 
 Psalms of David, or the good Alfric's Paschal Homily. 
 
 6. DR. JOHNSON'S APPEARANCE, MANNERS, AND CON 
 VERSATION. 
 
 To James Boswell, the famous biographer of Johnson, 
 our acknowledgments have already been made in the ar 
 ticle devoted to the consideration of his literary charac 
 ter. The reader will there find many tributes to the merits 
 of a work which can never lose its popularity, and will 
 always keep fresh in the minds of men the characters of 
 the author and his illustrious subject. Boswell's account 
 of his first interview with the formidable lexicographer is 
 too amusing to be omitted. It occurred in the back-par 
 lour of Tom Davies, the actor and bookseller, (celebrated 
 for his learning and his handsome wife,) whom we have 
 already registered on the 482d page of this Dictionary. 
 
 "Mr. Davies recollected several of Johnson's remarkable sayings, 
 and was one of the best of the many imitators of his voice and 
 manner while relating them. He increased my impatience more and 
 more to see the extraordinary man whose works I highly valued, 
 and whose conversation was reported to be so peculiarly excellent. 
 "At last, on Monday, the 16th of May, [1763,J when I was sitting 
 in Mr. Davies's back-parlour, after having drunk tea with him and 
 Mrs. Davies, Johnson unexpectedly came into the shop ; and Mr. 
 Davies having perceived him through the glass door in the room 
 in which we were sitting advancing towards us, he announced his 
 awful approach to me, somewhat in the manner of an actor in the 
 part of Horatio, when he addresses Hamlet on the appearance of 
 his father's ghost : ' Look, my lord, it comes 1' I found that I had 
 a very perfect idea of Johnson's figure, from the portrait painted 
 of him by Sir Joshua Reynolds after he had published his Diction 
 ary, in the attitude of sitting in his easy-chair in deep meditation ; 
 which was the first picture his friend did for him, which Sir Joshua 
 very kindly presented to me, and from which an engraving has 
 been made for this work. Mr. Davies mentioned my name, and 
 respectfully introduced me to him. I was much agitated, and, 
 recollecting his prejudice against the Scotch, of which I had heard 
 much, I said to Davies, 'Don't tell where I came from.' 'From 
 Scotland,' cried Davies, rogueishly. ' Mr. Johnson,' said I, ' I do 
 indeed come from Scotland, but I cannot help it.' I am willing to 
 flatter myself that I meant this as light pleasantry to soothe and 
 conciliate him, and not as a humiliating abasement at the expense 
 of my country. But, however that might be, this speech was 
 somewhat unlucky ; for, with that quickness of wit for which he 
 was so remarkable, he seized the expression ' come from Scotland,' 
 which I used in the sense of being of that country, and, as if I had, 
 said that I had come away from it or left it, retorted, ' That, sir, I find 
 is what a very great many of your countrymen cannot help.' This 
 stroke stunned me a good deal ; and, when we had sat down, I felt 
 myself not a little embarrassed, and apprehensive of what might 
 come next. He then addressed himself to Davies : ' What do you 
 think of Garrick ? He has refused me an order for the play for 
 Miss Williams, because he knows the house will be full, and that 
 an order will be worth three shillings.' Eager to take any opening 
 to get into conversation with him, I ventured to say, ' sir, I can- 
 
JOH 
 
 JOH 
 
 not think Mr. Garrick would 
 
 such a trifle to you.' 
 
 on the subject.' Perhaps I deserved this check ; for it was rather 
 presumptuous in me, an entire stranger,'to express any doubt of 
 the justice of his animadversion upon his old acquaintance and 
 pupil. I now felt myself much mortified, and began to think that 
 
 my resolution uncommonly persevering, so rough a 
 ight have deterred me forever from making any fur 
 
 the hope I had long indulged of obtaining his acquaintance was 
 blasted. And, in truth, had not my ardour been uncommonly 
 strong and m 
 reception mi 
 
 ther attempts. Fortunately, however, I remained upon the field, 
 not wholly discomfited, and was soon rewarded by hearing some 
 of his conversation, of which I preserved the following short mi 
 nute, without marking the questions and observations by which it 
 was produced." BoswdPs Li fe of Johnson, Croker's ed., Lon., 1848, 
 r. 8vo, 133-134. See the note to p. 133 for a vindication of Garrick, 
 or rather, for evidence of his liberality. 
 
 The acquaintance thus commenced was sedulously cul 
 tivated by Boswell; and until his great friend's demise, 
 more than twenty years after this first interview, 
 
 " The worship of Johnson was his grand, ideal, voluntary busi 
 ness. Does not the frothy-hearted yet enthusiastic man, doffing his 
 advocate's wig, regularly take post, and hurry up to London, for 
 the sake of his sage chiefly, as to a Feast of Tabernacles, the Sab 
 bath of his whole year ?" Oarlyle's Review of BosweU's Johnson. 
 
 How faithfully he did service in embalming the drop 
 pings of wisdom which fell from those revered lips, we 
 
 < Sir,' j tion the faithfulness of the artist after reading some of 
 
 fTht 1 ' 8 Letter$ t to the iA e , v - w - J - Te r? le ' iust b r, ughl 
 
 to light in a most remarkable manner, (if we are to believe 
 the story,) and pub. in 1857. See reviews of these Letters 
 in Edin. Rev., April, 1857 ; Lon. Gent. Mag., Feb., 1857 ; 
 Lon. Athenaeum, Dec. 27, 1856 ; the Spectator, Times, Ac. 
 
 But really we think Mr. Macaulay is here guilty of some 
 thing which borders on caricature : Boswell was certainly 
 not quite such a born and perennial fool as his critic makes 
 him appear. Schlosser is disposed to ridicule the avidity 
 with which the English devour 
 
 " Those oracular sayings which Boswell has collected as if they 
 were pearls and diamonds. Boswell has by far outstripped the col 
 lectors of all the trifles, personal anecdotes, and miserable nothings 
 which refer to GOthe, and the English have, as thankfully and with 
 as much curiosity, swallowed every triviality about this much-ad 
 mired and worshipped critic and artist in taste and literature, as the 
 Germans every trifling anecdote about their greatest poet and prose- 
 writer." Schlosaer's Hist, of the Eighteenth Cent.. <c., Davison's 
 Trans., Lon., 1844, vol.4i. 68. 
 
 But who can marvel that all who love the English tongue 
 and English Republic of Letters are in love with this ini 
 mitable biography, when it must be admitted that to quote 
 the language of one of the greatest of modern writers 
 
 "Considering the eminent persons to whom Boswell's Life of 
 Johnson relates, the quantity of miscellaneous information and en- 
 
 have many evidences, and none more amusing than that I tertaining gossip which it brings together, it may be termed, with- 
 rol .1(0,1 Viir KA\aa "Rurno-o- out exception, the best parlour-table book that ever was written." 
 
 related by Miss Burney : -to WALTER SCOTT. 
 
 But we are forgetting to give some description of the 
 APPEARANCE of the great man, as promised in our last 
 heading. Miss Burney's pencil shall he again called to 
 our aid : 
 
 " When in that presence" says the fair narrator, " he was unob 
 servant, if not contemptuous, of every one else. In truth, when he 
 met with Dr. Johnson, he commonly forbore even answering any 
 thing that was said, or attending to any thing that went forward, 
 lest he should miss the smallest sound from that voice to which he 
 paid such exclusive though merited homage. But the moment that 
 voice burst forth, the effect which it excited on Mr. Boswell 
 amounted almost to pain. His eyes goggled with eagerness ; he 
 leant his ear almost on the shoulder of the doctor, and his mouth 
 dropped open to catch every syllable that might be uttered ; nay, 
 he seemed not only to dread losing a word, but to be anxious not 
 to miss a breathing ; as if hoping from it latently, or mystically, 
 some information." 
 
 The great man was not so much conciliated by this ex 
 traordinary deference as to always endure Boswell's curio 
 sity tamely. On one occasion, when Boswell had been for 
 some time persisting in questioning him with, "What did 
 you do, sir?" "What did you say, sir?" <fec., Johnson at 
 last lost all patience, and exclaimed, "I will not be put to 
 the question, sir ! Do you not consider, sir, that these are 
 not the manners of a gentleman ? I will not be baited 
 with what and why. What is this ? What is that ? Why 
 is a^ow's tail long ? Why is a fox's tail bushy ?" "Why, 
 sir," pleaded Boswell, "you are so good that I venture to 
 trouble you." "Sir," rejoined Johnson, "my being so 
 good is no reason why you should be so ill." 
 
 Mr. Macaulay's portrait of Boswell is not the most flat 
 tering in the world : 
 
 " He was, if we are to give any credit to his own account or to 
 the united testimony of all who knew him, a man of the meanest 
 and feeblest intellect. Johnson described him as a fellow who had 
 missed his only chance of immortality by not having been alive 
 when the Dunciad was written. Beauclerk used his name as a 
 proverbial expression for a bore. He was the laughing-stock of the 
 whole of that brilliant society which has owed to him the greater 
 part of its fame. . . . Every thing which another would have hid 
 den, every thing the publication of which would have made another 
 man hang himself, was matter of gay and clamorous exultation to 
 his weak and diseased mind. What silly things he said, what bitter 
 retorts he provoked, how at one place he was troubled with evil 
 presentiments which came to nothing, how at another place, on 
 waking from a drunken doze, he read the Prayer-Book and, took a 
 hair of the dog that had bitten him, how he went to see men hanged 
 and came away maudlin, how he added five hundred pounds to the 
 fortune of one of his babies because he was not scared at Johnson's 
 ugly face, . . . how his father, and the very wife of his bosom, 
 laughed and fretted at his fooleries, all these things he proclaimed 
 to all the world, as if they had been subjects for pride and osten 
 tatious rejoicing. All the caprices of his temper, all the illusions 
 of his vanity, all his hypochondriac whimsies, all his castles in the 
 air, he displayed with a cool self-complacency, a perfect unconscious 
 ness that he was making a fool of himself, to which it is impossible 
 to find a parallel in the whole history of mankind. He has used 
 many people ill ; but assuredly he has used nobody so ill as him 
 self Of all the talents which ordinarily raise men to eminence 
 as writers, Boswell had absolutely none. There is not in all his books 
 a single remark of his own on literature, politics, religion, or society, 
 which is not either commonplace or absurd. His dissertations on 
 hereditary gentility, on the slave-trade, and on the entailing of 
 landed estates, may serve as examples. To say that these passages 
 are sophistical would be to pay them an extravagant compliment. 
 They have no pretence to argument or even to meaning. He has 
 reported innumerable observations made by himself in the course 
 of conversation. Of these observations we do not remember one 
 which is above the intellectual capacity of a boy of fifteen. He 
 has printed many of his own letters, and in these letters he is always 
 ranting or twaddling." Essays, 1854, i. 370, 371, 372, 373. 
 
 This is an admirably-drawn portrait, and, unfortunately 
 for the subject, those who have been inclined to think it 
 too highly coloured will perhaps be less disposed to ques- 
 
 " He is, indeed, very ill-favoured I Yet he has naturally a noble 
 figure, tall, stout, grand, and authoritative : but he stoops horribly ; 
 his back is quite round; his mouth is continually opening and 
 shutting, as if he were chewing something; he has a singular 
 method of twirling his fingers and twisting his hands ; his vast 
 body is in constant agitation, see-sawing backwards and forwards ; 
 his feet are never a moment quiet, and his whole great person 
 looked often as if it were going to roll itself, quite voluntarily, from 
 Its chair to the floor." 
 
 Perhaps no one has better described the dress of this 
 strange-looking giant than the famous satirical poet of the 
 day: 
 
 " Methinks I view his full, plain suit of brown, 
 
 The large grey bushy wig, that graced his crown; 
 
 Black worsted stockings, little silver buckles, 
 
 And shirt, that had no ruffles for his knuckles. 
 
 I mark the brown greatcoat of cloth he wore, 
 
 That two huge Patagonian pockets bore, 
 
 Which Patagonians (wondrous to unfold!) 
 
 Would fairly both his Dictionaries hold." PETER PINDAR. 
 
 We shall have more to quote respecting Johnson's ap 
 pearance before we have finished this article. Let us now 
 turn to his CONVERSATION, in the descriptions of which 
 his MANNERS will, of course, come more or less under 
 notice ! In our introductory quotation, indeed, (from Miss 
 Burney,) Johnson's manners, or want of manners, occupy 
 a prominent place. 
 
 "Boswell's Life of Johnson has given a wrong impression of him 
 in some respects. When we see four large volumes written upon a 
 man's conversation, through a period of forty years, and his remarks 
 alone set down, of all those made at the time, we naturally take 
 the idea that Johnson was the central point of society for all that 
 period. The truth is, he never was in good society, at least in those 
 circles where men of letters mix with the fashionable world. His 
 brutal, intolerant manners excluded him from it, of course. He 
 met good society, to-be-sure, at the Literary Club and at Sir Joshua 
 Reynolds's. Gibbon was asked why he did not talk more in the 
 presence of Dr. Johnson. ' Sir,' replied the historian, taking a pinch 
 of snuff, ' I have no pretensions to the ability of contending with 
 Dr. Johnson in brutality and insolence.' " Sir James Mackintosh''! 
 Conversations with Alexander H. Everett: N. Amer. Rev., xxxv. 
 445-446,0. 
 
 Yet, notwithstanding the apparent severity of these 
 strictures, no one had a higher opinion of Johnson's con 
 versational abilities and moral worth than Sir James en 
 tertained, as we shall show on a future page. 
 
 Johnson himself had a satisfactory way of accounting 
 for the absence of invitations to the tables of the great. 
 "Lords and ladies," he remarked, "don't like to have their 
 mouths stopped." But the truth is, as Lord Brougham 
 
 very correctly remarks, 
 "That in thos 
 
 . those days no one was, generally speaking, admitted 
 
 into patrician society merely for the intrinsic merits of his writ 
 ings or his talk, without having some access to it through his rank 
 
 or his political or professional eminence It is equally erroneou 
 
 to suppose that Johnson's rough exterior, or his uncouth and even 
 unpleasant habits, could have prevented his fame and his conver 
 sation from being sought after to adorn aristocratic partit 
 later times. All these petty obstacles would have been easily got 
 over by the vanity of having such a person to show, and, inc 
 by the real interest which the display of his ***g*J""** 
 would have possessed among a more refined and better-educated 
 generation." Lives of Men of Letters, tfo. 
 
 Horace Walpole was one of the principal leaders o 
 
JOH 
 
 jon 
 
 fashion during the whole of Johnson's literary reign ; and 
 it is certain that he would never have subjected his 
 aristocratic domains to the Gothic invasion of the lexico 
 grapher. The portrait which he has left us of Johnson 
 is as little complimentary as that, drawn hy Sir James 
 Mackintosh : 
 
 "With a lumber of learning and some strong parts," says 
 Horace, " Johnson was an odious and mean character. By prin 
 ciple a Jacobite, arrogant, self-sufficient, and overbearing by na 
 ture, ungrateful through pride, and of feminine bigotry, he had 
 prostituted his pen to party, even in a dictionary, and had after 
 wards, for a pension, contradicted his own definitions. His man 
 ners were sordid, supercilious, and brutal ; his style ridiculously 
 bombastic and vicious ; and, in one word, with all the pedantry, he 
 had all the gigantic littleness, of a country schoolmaster." Me 
 moirs of the Reign of George III., vol. ii. 323. 
 
 But much of the effect of the dark colours of this pic 
 ture is lost upon the reader when he remembers Johnson's 
 pertinacious opposition to Sir Robert Walpole's adminis 
 tration ; and especially his admission to Sir George 
 Staunton, which Horace had probably heard, that, 
 when he made parliamentary speeches for the Gentle 
 man's Magazine, he " always took care to put Sir Robert 
 Walpole in the wrong, and to say every thing he could 
 against the electorate of Hanover." Johnson admitted 
 rery frankly that he did not forget his politics when com 
 posing these celebrated parliamentary speeches. When com 
 mended, long afterwards, for having " dealt out reason and 
 eloquence with an equal hand to both parties," " That is 
 not quite true," said Johnson : " I saved appearances tole 
 rably well; but I took care that the Whig dogs should not 
 have the best of it." With reference to Walpole's sketch 
 of Johnson, just quoted, we may add that the celebrated 
 Heroic Epistle in which Johnson is satirized was ascribed 
 to Walpole, and also to Mason, or to both combined. 
 Lord Chesterfield's description of Johnson, in a letter to 
 his lordship's son, will at once recur to many of our 
 readers. Boswell, and other contemporaneous chroni 
 clers, certainly record many instances of colloquial brus- 
 querie to use the mildest term on the part of the lexi 
 cographer, which could not have been altogether grateful 
 to the feelings of even the humblest of the great man's 
 admirer's. Of these we had intended to quote some spe 
 cimens, but our limited space forbids. One amusing in 
 cident, however, must not be omitted. In our life of 
 Oliver Goldsmith we quoted George Colman's glowing 
 tribute to the kindness of heart and manner which so 
 pre-eminently distinguished that wayward son of genius. 
 The same excellent story-teller certainly one of the best 
 of modern days has left us the following far less flatter 
 ing picture of Goldsmith's "guide, philosopher, and 
 friend :" 
 
 " My boyish mind had anticipated an awful impression when I 
 was first brought unwittingly into the presence of the stupendous 
 Johnson. I knew not then that he had ' a love for little children,' 
 calling them ' pretty dears and giving them sweetmeats,' as Bos- 
 well hath since, in the simplicity of his heart, narrated. It was 
 my hapless lot, however, to be excluded from the objects of this 
 propension. Perhaps, at my age, of about fourteen, I might have 
 been too old, or too ugly ; but the idea of Johnson's carrying bon 
 bons to give to children of any age is much like supposing that a 
 Greenland bear has a pocket stuff 'd with tartlets for travellers. 
 
 " On the day of my introduction he was asked to dinner at my 
 father's house, in Soho-square, and the erudite savage came a full 
 hour before his time. I happened to be with my father, who was 
 beginning his toilette, when it was announced to him that the 
 Doctor had arrived. My sire, being one of the tributary princes 
 who did homage to this monarch, was somewhat flurried, and, 
 having dressed himself hastily, took me with him into the draw 
 ing-room. 
 
 " On our entrance we found Johnson sitting in a fauteuU of rose- 
 coloured satin, the arms and legs of which (of the chair, remem 
 ber, not of the Doctor) were of burnish'd gold, and the contrast 
 of the man with the seat was very striking : an unwash'd coal- 
 heaver in a vis-drtris could not be much more misplaced than John- 
 eon thus deposited. He was dress'd in a rusty suit of brown cloth 
 dittos, with black worsted stockings ; his old yellow wig was of 
 formidable dimensions; and the learned head which sustained it 
 roll'd about in a seemingly paralytic motion, but, in the perform 
 ance of its orbit, it inclined chiefly to one shoulder, whether to 
 the right or left I cannot now remember, a fault never to be for 
 given by certain of the Twaddleri, who think these matters of the 
 utmost importance. He deign'd not to rise on our entrance, and 
 we stood before him while he and my father talk'd. There was 
 goon a pause in the colloquy ; and my father, making his advan 
 tage of it, took me by the hand, and said, 'Doctor Johnson, this 
 is a little Column.' The Doctor bestow'd a slight, ungracious 
 glance upon me, and, continuing the rotary motion of his head, 
 renew'd the previous conversation. Again there was a pause ; 
 again the anxious father, who had fail'd in his first effort, seized 
 the opportunity for pushing his progeny, with, ' This is my son, 
 Doctor Johnson.' The great man's contempt for me was now 
 roused to great wrath ; and, knitting his brows, he exclaim'd, in a 
 voice of thunder, 'I see him, sirl' He then fell back in his rose- 
 colour'd satin fauteuil, as if giving himself up to meditation, im 
 plying that he would not be further plagued either with an old 
 fool or a young one. 
 980 
 
 " The gigantick Johnson could not be easily thrown out at win 
 dow, particularly by my undersized sire; but he deserved to be 
 quoited down stairs, like a shave-groat shilling;' not exactly, 
 perhaps, for his brutality to the boy, but for such an unprovoked 
 insult to the father of whose hospitalities he was partaking. This, 
 however, is only one among the numerous traits of grossness al 
 ready promulgated, in which the Bolt Court philosopher completely 
 falsified the principles of the Roman poet : 
 
 1 in genuas didicisse fideliter artes, 
 Emollit mores, nee sinit esse feros.' 
 
 "After this rude rebuff from the Doctor, I had the additional 
 felicity to be placed next to him at dinner. He was silent over 
 his meal ; but I observed that he was, as Shylock says of Lancelot 
 Gobbo, ' a huge feeder ;' and, during the display of his voracity, 
 (which was worthy of Bolt Court,) the perspiration fell in copious 
 drops from his visage upon the table-cloth. The clumsiness of the 
 bulky animal, his strange costume, his uncouth gestures, yet the 
 dominion which he usurped withal, rendered his presence a phe 
 nomenon among gentlemen : it was the incursion of a new species 
 of barbarian, a learned Attila, King of the Huns, come to subju 
 gate polish'd society. Oliver Goldsmith, several years before my 
 luckless presentation to Johnson, proved how ' doctors differ.' " 
 
 Read the conclusion of this anecdote on page 693 of this 
 Dictionary ; commencing with, 
 
 " I was only five years old when Goldsmith took me on his knee," 
 &c. 
 
 No one has made a better excuse for Johnson's occa 
 sional roughness, and even boorishness, than Sir Walter 
 Scott; and to his pages (in his Life of Johnson) we must 
 refer the reader : 
 
 "He was, in a word, despotic," remarks Sir Walter; "and 
 despotism will occasionally lead the best dispositions into an un 
 becoming abuse of power. It is not likely that any one will again 
 enjoy, or have an opportunity of abusing, the singular degree of 
 submission which was rendered to Johnson by all around him." 
 
 The colloquial monarch, ruling in his "pride of place," 
 has been well described by Lord Brougham: 
 
 " He loved to fill a chair, surrounded with a circle well known 
 to him, and ex cathedra to deliver his judgments. It cannot be 
 said that this was any thing like a high style of conversation. It 
 had nothing in it like full or free discussion ; it had even little like 
 free interchange of sentiments or opinions. It was occasionally 
 enlivened by wit, oftener broken by a growl or a sneer from him, 
 and from him alone. But his part of it was always arrogant and 
 dictatorial ; nor, after men's curiosity had once been gratified by 
 assisting at one of these talks, did any but the small number of 
 his familiar and admiring friends often desire to repeat the ex 
 periment. His talk was most commonly for victory, rather than 
 directed to the clearing up of rational doubt or the ascertaining of 
 important truth ; nor, unless upon the serious subject of religion, 
 and upon some of the points involved in the Whig and Tory con 
 troversy, did he ever seem to care much on which side he argued, 
 dogmatized, laughed boisterously, or sneered rudely." Lives of 
 Men of Letters, dc. ^ 
 
 His wonderful conversational abilities have been tho 
 theme of unceasing eulogy from this day to our own, and 
 cannot fail to excite the admiration of our latest successors. 
 
 " When animated by the cheering attention of friends whom he 
 liked, he would give full scope to those talents for narration, in 
 which I verily think he was unrivalled both in the brilliancy of his 
 wit, the flow of his humour, and the energy of his language." 
 Cumberland's Memoirs. 
 
 " I do not care on what subject Johnson talks, but I love better 
 to hear him talk than anybody : he either gives you new thoughts 
 or a new colouring." ORME, the historian of India. 
 
 " The most triumphant record of the talents and character of 
 Johnson is to be found in BoswelPs Life of him. The man was su 
 perior to the author. When he laid aside his pen, which he regarded 
 as an encumbrance, he became not only learned and thoughtful, 
 but acute, witty, humorous, natural, honest, hearty, and deter 
 mined ; ' the king of good fellows and wale of old men.' There are 
 as many smart repartees, profound remarks, and keen invectives 
 to be found in Boswell's ' inventory of all he said,' as are recorded 
 of any celebrated man. The life and dramatic play of his conver 
 sation forms a contrast to his written works. His natural powers 
 and undisguised opinions were called out in convivial intercourse. 
 In public he practised with the foils : in private he unsheathed tho 
 sword of controversy, and it was the Ebro's temper." Hazlitt on 
 the Periodical Essayists. 
 
 " There was a pith about old Samuel which nothing could stand 
 up against. His influence was not so much that of an author as a 
 thinker. He was the most powerful intellect in the world of books. 
 He was the Jackson of the literary ring the judge the emperor 
 a giant acknowledged to be a Saul amongst the people. Even 
 David Hume would have been like a woman in his grasp ; but, odd 
 enough, the two never met." CHRISTOPHER NORTH : Noctes Ambro- 
 siame, April 2, 1822. 
 
 " BoswelFs Life of Johnson is so replete with the sayings and 
 thoughts of the intellectual giant, whom it was so much his object 
 to elevate, even above his natural Patagonian stature, that it may 
 be regarded as a sort of autobiography, dictated by the sage, in his 
 moments of abandon, to his devout worshipper. It is not going too 
 far to say that it is among the most popular books in the English 
 language. Johnson's reputation now mainly rests on that bio 
 graphy." SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON: Essays, 1850, iii. 392; and in 
 Blaclcw. Mag., Sept. 1849. 
 
 " Johnson, as Mr. Burke most justly observed, appears far greater 
 in Boswell's books than in his own. His conversation appears to 
 have been quite equal to his writings in matter, and far superior to 
 them in manner. When hg talked, he clothed his wit and his sense 
 in forcible and natural expressions. As soon as he took his pen in 
 hand to write for the public, his style became systematically vicious. 
 . . . The reputation of those writings which he probably expected 
 to be immortal is every day fading; while those peculiarities of 
 
JOH 
 
 manner, and that careless table-talk, the memory of which, he pro 
 bably thought, would die with him, are likely to be remembered as 
 long as the English language is spoken in any quarter of the globe." 
 T. B. MACAULAY: Essays, 1854, iii. 398, 401; and in Edin. Rev., 
 Sept. 1831. 
 
 " How much is Johnson raised in our estimation, not only as to 
 intellect but personal character, by the industrious eaves-droppings 
 of Boswell, setting down, day by day, in his note-book, the frag 
 ments of his most loose and unweighed conversations?" LORD 
 JEFFREY: .Essays, 1850, 960; and in Edin. Rev., Oct. 1835. 
 
 " His conversation, which was one of the most powerful instru 
 ments of his extensive influence, was artificial, dogmatic, senten 
 tious, and poignant ; adapted, with the most admirable versatility, 
 to every subject as it arose, and distinguished by an almost unpa 
 ralleled power of serious repartee. He seems to have considered 
 himself as a sort of colloquial magistrate, who inflicted severe pu 
 nishment from just policy. His course of life led him to treat those 
 sensibilities, which such severity wounds, as fantastic and effemi 
 nate ; and he entered society too late to acquire those habits of 
 politeness which are a substitute for natural delicacy." SIR JAMES 
 MACKINTOSH : Memoirs of his Life, 1835, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 We have already recorded Sir James's opinion of John 
 son's manners, and shall have occasion hereafter to adduce 
 his testimony to the general excellence of his character. 
 Sir Walter Scott remarks, with great truth : 
 
 " Of all the men distinguished in this or any other age, Dr. John 
 son has left upon posterity the strongest and most vivid impression, 
 so far as person, manners, disposition, and conversation are con 
 cerned. We do but name him, or open a book which he has written, 
 and the sound and action recall to the imagination, at once, his form, 
 his merits, his peculiarities, nay, the very uncouthness of his ges 
 tures, and the deep impressive tone of his voice. ... Ho is in our 
 mind's eye a personification as lively as that of Siddons in Lady 
 Macbeth, or Kemble in Cardinal Wolsey." Life of Johnson. 
 
 Perhaps no one has drawn so admirable a miniature 
 from Boswell's full-length portrait of Johnson as Mr. 
 Macaulay has presented to us: 
 
 " Johnson grown old, Johnson in the fulness of his fame and in 
 the enjoyment of a competent fortune, is better known to us than 
 any other man in history. Every thing about him. his coat, his 
 wig, his figure, his face, his scrofula, his St. Vitus's dance, his roll 
 ing walk, his blinking eye. the outward signs which too clearly 
 marked his approbation of his dinner, his insatiable appetite for 
 fish-sauce and veal-pie with plums, his inextinguishable thirst for 
 tea, his trick of touching the posts as he walked, his mysterious 
 practice of treasuring up scraps of orange-peel, his morning slum 
 bers, hia midnight disputations, his contortions, his muttcrings, his 
 gruntings, his puffings, his vigorous, acute, and ready eloquence, 
 his sarcastic wit, his vehemence, his insolence, his fits of tempestu 
 ous rage, his queer inmates, old Mr. Levett and blind Mrs.Williams, 
 the cat Hodge and the negro Frank, all are as familiar to us as the 
 objects by which we have been surrounded from childhood. ... As 
 we close it [Boswell's Johnson] the club-room is before us, and the 
 table on which stands the omelet for Nugent and the lemons for 
 Johnson. There are assembled those heads which live forever on 
 the canvas of Reynolds. There are the spectacles of Burke and 
 the tall thin form of Langton, the courtly sneer of Beauclerk and 
 the beaming smile of Garrick, Gibbon tapping his snuff-box and 
 Sir Joshua with his trumpet in his ear. In the foreground is that 
 strange figure which is as familiar to us as the figures of those 
 among whom we have been brought up, the gigantic body, the huge 
 massy face seamed with the scars of disease, the brown coat, the 
 black worsted stockings, the grey wig with the scorched foretop, 
 the dirty hands, the nails bitten and pared to the quick. We see 
 the eyes and mouth moving with convulsive twitches ; we see the 
 heavy form rolling; we hear it puffing; and then comes the ' Why, 
 sir!' and the 'What then, sir?' and the 'No, sir!' and the 'You 
 don't see your way through the question, sir!'" Essays, 1854, i. 
 375-576, 400-401; and in Edin. Rev., Sept. 1831. 
 
 Johnson's "inextinguishable thirst for tea" forms so 
 prominent an item of his personal character, that we must 
 permit our reader to behold the sage at one tea-party at 
 least ; and this shall be at " Cumbey's" table, where the 
 great man spent many a happy hour of social chat: 
 
 "At the tea-table he made considerable demands upon his favourite 
 beverage, and I remember when Sir Joshua Reynolds at my house 
 reminded him that he had drank eleven cups, he replied, ' Sir, I did 
 not count your glasses of wine : why should you number up my 
 cups of tea ?' And then, laughing in perfect good-humour, he added : 
 ' Sir, I should have released the lady from any further trouble, if it 
 had not been for your remark ; but you have reminded me that I 
 want one of the dozen, and I must request Mrs. Cumberland to 
 round up my number.' When he saw the readiness and compla 
 cency with which my wife obeyed his call, he turned a kind and 
 cheerful look upon her, and said, ' Madam, I must tell you, for your 
 comfort, you have escaped much better than a certain lady did 
 a while ago upon whose patience I intruded greatly more than I 
 have done on yours ; but the lady asked me for no other purpose 
 than to make a Zany of me, and set me gabbling to a parcel of 
 people I knew nothing of: so, madam, I had my revenge of her; 
 for I swallowed five-and-twenty cups of her tea, and did not treat 
 her with as many words.' I can only say my wife would have made 
 tea for him as long as the New River could have supplied her with 
 water." Cumberland's Memoirs. 
 
 Poor Jonas Hanway found to his cost that Johnson was 
 as ready to take up the cudgels on behnlf of his favourite 
 beverage as he was to drink it. As Mr. Macaulay also refers 
 to that famous tabby, the cat " Hodge," this respectable 
 quadruped must not be forgotten in our sketch of the lexi 
 cographer. And, indeed, we know not a passage we could 
 better select as an instance of the manner in which Boswell 
 jots down the most trifling remarks which fell from the lips 
 
 JOH 
 
 of his illustrious friend, than the one in which "Hodge" 
 forms the principal subject of discourse : 
 
 " Nor would it be just under this head," says Boswell. " to omit 
 the fondness which he showed for animals which he had taken 
 under his protection. I never shall forget the indulgence with 
 which he treated Hodge, his cat, for whom he himself used to go 
 out and buy oysters, lest the servants, having that trouble, should 
 take a dislike to the poor creature. I am, unluckily, one of those 
 who have an antipathy to a cat, so that I am uneasy when in th 
 room with one ; and I own I frequently suffered a good deal from 
 the presence of this same Hodge. I recollect him one day scramb 
 ling up Dr. Johnson's breast, apparently with much satisfaction, 
 while my friend, smiling and half whistling, rubbed down his back, 
 and pulled him by the tail ; and when I observed he was a fine cat, 
 [rather hypocritical, we fear, Jemmy Boswell,] saying, 'Why, yes, 
 sir; but I have had cats whom I liked better than this;' and then, 
 as if perceiving Hodge to be Out of countenance, adding, ' But he M 
 a very fine cat, a very fine cat indeed.' " 
 
 We give another amusing extract from Boswell's inva 
 luable record, which is also quoted (not quite accurately) 
 by Lord Brougham, with a very appropriate introduction : 
 
 " They, however, who only saw this distinguished person once 
 or twice in society, were apt to form a very erroneous estimate of 
 his temper, which was not at all morose or sullen, but rather kindly 
 and sociable. He loved relaxation ; he enjoyed merriment ; he even 
 liked to indulge in sportive and playful pleasantry, when his animal 
 spirits were gay, pleasantry, indeed, somewhat lumbering, but 
 agreeable from its perfect heartiness. Nothing can be more droll 
 than the scene of this kind of which Mr. Boswell has preserved the 
 account, and into the humour of which he seems to have been in 
 capable of entering. When some one was mentioned as having 
 come to Mr. (afterward Sir Wm.) Chambers, to draw his will, giving 
 his estate to his sisters, Johnson objected, as it had not been gained by 
 trade. ' If it had,' said he, ' he might have left it to the dog Towser, 
 and let him keep his own name.' He then went on laughing im 
 moderately at the testator, as he kept calling him. 'I dare say,' 
 said he, ' he thinks he has done a mighty thing : he won't wait till 
 he gets home to his seat : he'll call up the landlord of the first inn 
 on the road, and, after a suitable preface on mortality and the un 
 certainty of life, will tell him that he should not delay making his 
 will ; and here, sir, will he say, is my will, which I have just made, 
 with the assistance of one of the ablest lawyers in the kingdom, 
 and he will read it to him,' (Johnson laughing all the time.) ' He 
 believes he has made this will; but he did not make it: you, 
 Chambers, made it for him. I trust you have had more conscience 
 than to make him say being of sound understanding ha! ha! ha! 
 I hope he has left me a legacy. I'd have his will turned into verse, 
 like a ballad !' ' Mr. Chambers,' says Boswell, ' didn't by any means 
 relish this jocularity, upon a matter of which pars mag'na fuit, 
 and seemed impatient till he got rid of us. Johnson couldn't stop 
 his merriment, but continued it all the way, till he got without the 
 Temple Gate; he then burst into such a fit of laughter, that he 
 appeared to be almost in a convulsion, and, in order to support 
 himself, laid hold of one of the posts on the side of the foot-pave 
 ment, and sent forth peals so loud that, in the silence of the night, 
 his voice seemed to resound from Temple Bar to Fleet Ditch. 1 " 
 Lives of Men of Letters, <c. 
 
 It is easy to see, as Lord Brougham remarks, that "Bos 
 well was incapable of entering into the humour of this 
 scene," and the moral reflections with which he closes the 
 graphic sketch just recorded are as amusing as any of its 
 details : 
 
 " This most ludicrous exhibition of the awful, melancholy, and 
 venerable Johnson happened well to counteract the feelings of sad 
 ness which I used to experience when parting with him for a con 
 siderable time. I accompanied him to his door, where he gave me 
 his blessing." 
 
 7. DR. JOHNSON'S MORAL AND RELIGIOUS CHARACTER. 
 
 The attention of this great man was at an early age 
 turned to the consideration of those important truths which 
 only the foolish and the thoughtless dare to slight, and 
 which demand a large share of the mind and heart of 
 every accountable and immortal being. 
 
 " When at Oxford," remarks Johnson, " I took up Law's Serious 
 Call to a Holy Life, expecting to find it a dull book, (as such books 
 generally are,) and perhaps to laugh at it. But I found Law quite 
 an overmatch for me ; and this was the first occasion of my think 
 ing in earnest of religion after I became capable of rational enquiry." 
 
 " From this time forward," continues his biographer, " religion 
 was the predominant object of his thoughts ; though, with the just 
 sentiments of a conscientious Christian, he lamented that his prac 
 tice of its duties fell far short of what it ought to be." 
 
 With his religious peculiarities of doctrine or observance 
 we have here, of course, no concern ; and, did their con 
 sideration legitimately enter into our province, we trust 
 that we should feel no temptation to indulge in those un 
 becoming sneers at alleged superstitions and rigid cere 
 monials which have disgraced critics who imagined they 
 were ridiculing the subject of their shallow wit 
 
 " Few men," says Lord Brougham, " have perhaps ever lived, in 
 whose thoughts religion had a larger or more practical share. . . . 
 He was friendly, and actively so, in the greatest degree; he was 
 charitable even beyond what prudential considerations might 
 justify ; as firmly as he believed the gospel, so constantly did h 
 practise its divine maxim, ' that it is more blessed to give than to 
 receive.' . . . His habitual piety, his sense of his own imperfections, 
 his generally blameless conduct in the various relations of life, 
 have been already sufficiently described, and have been illustrated 
 in the preceding narrative. He was a good man, as he was a great 
 man; and he had so firm a regard for virtue that he wisely set 
 
JOH 
 
 much greater store by his worth than by his fame." Lives of Men 
 of Letters, <&c. 
 
 "He loyed the poor as I never yet saw any one else love them, 
 with an earnest desire to make them happy. In pursuance of these 
 principles, he nursed whole nests of people in his house, where the 
 lame, the blind, the sick, and the sorrowful found a sure retreat." 
 MRS. THRALE. 
 
 " Though consciousness of superiority might sometimes induce 
 him to carry it high with man, (and even this was much abated in 
 the latter part of life,) his devotions have shown to the whole world 
 how humbly he walked at all times with his God." BISHOP HORNE. 
 
 "If, then, it be asked, who first, in England, at this period, 
 breasted the waves and stemmed the tide of infidelity, who, en 
 listing wit and eloquence, together with argument and learning, on 
 the side of revealed religion, first turned the literary current in its 
 favour, and mainly prepared the reaction which succeeded, that 
 praise seems most justly to belong to Dr. Samuel Johnson. Religion 
 was with him no mere lip-service nor cold formality : he was mind 
 ful of it in his social hours as much as in his graver lucubrations ; 
 and he brought to it, not merely erudition such as few indeed pos 
 sessed, but the weight of the highest character, and the respect 
 which even his enemies could not deny him. It may be said of him 
 that, though not in orders, he did the Church of England better 
 service than most of those who at that listless era ate her bread " 
 LORD MAHON : Hist of England, vol. vi. 
 
 " His moral principles (if the language may be allowed) partook 
 of the vigour of his understanding. He was conscientious, sincere, 
 determined ; and his pride was no more than a steady conscious 
 ness of superiority in the most valuable qualities of human nature. 
 His friendships were not only firm, but generous and tender be 
 neath a rugged exterior." SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH: Memoirs of his 
 
 Sir Walter Scott remarks (in his Life of Johnson) that, 
 when Johnson died, "virtue was deprived of a steady sup 
 porter," and that all the deductions which can be made 
 for his prejudices of opinion and " violence and solecisms 
 in manners" still leave "his talents, morals, and benevo 
 lence alike irreproachable." 
 
 Hazlitt, (in his Lecture on the Periodical Essayists,) 
 after summing up Johnson's many good qualities, and re 
 ferring to his prejudices, concludes with : 
 
 "His were not time-serving, heartless, hypocritical prejudices; 
 but deep, inwoven, not to be rooted out but with life and hope ; 
 which he found from old habit necessary to his own peace of mind. 
 
 JOH 
 
 5. Sportsman's Cyclopaedia, 8vo; 1 11s. 6d. A beautiful 
 work, with 50 steel engravings, after Cooper, Ward, 
 Hancock, <fcc. 
 
 Johnson, Theodore T. Sights in the Gold Re 
 gions, N. York, 1849, 12mo. 
 
 Johnson, Thomas. 1. Pathwaye to Readinge, Lou., 
 1590. 2. Cornucopias, 1595, 4to : on natural history. 
 
 Johnson, Thomas, M.D., d. 1644, a learned bota 
 nist, pub. a trans, of Ambrose Parey's medical and surgical 
 works, edits. 1634-78, and several botanical works, of which 
 Iter in Agrum Cantianurn, 1620, and Ericetum Hamstedia- 
 num, 1632, were the first local catalogues of plants pub. 
 in England. He also pub. an enlarged and amended ed. 
 of Gerarde's Herbal, 1633, '34, '36, fol. ; 1744, 8vo. See 
 GERARDE, JOHN. See also Athen. Oxon.; Lloyd's Me 
 moirs ; Pulteuey's Sketches. 
 
 Johnson, Thomas, Fellow of Eton College, and of 
 Magdalene Coll., Camb., pub. Questiones Philosophic^, 
 an ed. of Sophocles, 1705-06, 3 vols., and some other clas 
 sical and theolog. works. 
 
 Johnson, Thomas. Serm., 1731, 8vo. 
 
 Johnson, Thomas. Reasons for Dissenting from 
 the Established Church; new ed., Lon., 1834, 18mo. 
 
 Johnson, W. B. Animal Chemistry, 1803, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Johnson, W. G. Braintree Case, Lon., 1843, 8vo. 
 
 Johnson, Rev. W. R. Historical works, Ac, 1807- 
 12, &c. 
 
 Johnson, Prof. Walter R., of Philadelphia. 1. 
 Natural Philosophy, on the basis of J. M. Moffat, Phila., 
 1835, 12mo; originally entitled, Scientific Class-Book, 
 Part 1. 2. Chemistry, on the basis of J. M. Moffat, 
 1835, 12mo ; originally entitled Scientific Class-Book, 
 Part 2. 3. Notes on the use of Anthracite Coal in the 
 Manufacture of Iron, Bost, 1841, 12mo. 4. First Amer. 
 ed. of Prof. F. Knapp's Chemical Technology, Phila., 
 1848, 2 vols. 8vo. 5. First Amer ed. of Prof. J. Weis- 
 
 and thought so to the peace of mankind. I do not hate, but lov c , 
 him for them. They were between himself and his conscience, and 
 should be left to that higher tribunal 
 
 " ' Where they in trembling hope repose, 
 The bosom of his Father and his God.' 
 
 "In a a word, he has left behind him few wiser or better men." 
 That, with all his coarseness and irritability, he was a man of 
 sterling benevolence, has long been acknowledged. But how gentle 
 and endearing his deportment could be, was not known till the 
 Recollections of Madame D'Arblay were published." T. B. MACUJ- 
 LAY : Essays, 1854, iii. 309. 
 
 "The comparison which we have instituted [between Milton and 
 Johnson] has compelled us to notice Johnson's defects ; but we trust 
 we are not blind to his merits. His stately march, his pomp and 
 power of language, his strength of thought, his reverence for virtue 
 
 and religion, his vigorous logic, his practical wisdom, his insight 
 into the springs of human action, and the solemn pathos which 
 occasionally pervades his descriptions of life and his references to 
 his own history, command our willing admiration." WM ELLERY 
 CHANNINO : Remarks on the Character and Writings of John Milton. 
 The accounts which have been handed down to us of 
 the last days of Johnson's life form one of the most inte 
 resting portions of English literary annals. It was on 
 the 13th of December, 1784, that he was called to the 
 rest which remaineth for those who cast themselves in 
 humble confidence and undoubting trust upon the promises 
 of that Redeemer who is the saint's dependence and the 
 sinner's hope. We may not doubt that to him the exchange 
 was a happy one. Error there had been in his life; for 
 who is there among the children of men who hath not trans 
 gressed? But there had been hearty repentance, deep 
 contrition, and fervent faith. He had proved his faith, 
 too, by works of charity and deeds of love. He had been 
 literally " eyes to the blind and feet to the lame." He had 
 " strengthened him that was ready to perish, and he had 
 upholden the fallen." His bread had been " dealt to the 
 hungry, and the poor and cast-out he had brought to his 
 home." The promise was fulfilled to him, as it hath ever 
 been to those who rely upon its merciful assurance : "In 
 the time of trouble," God remembered him, and freed him 
 
 frf\m fVinf {f \\f\r\r\n r*e* 9 * -.,,1, : ,.i. 1 j__i i_ 111* /* * 
 
 r~, , bach's Mechanics, 1849, 2 vols. 8vo. See GORDON, PROF. 
 
 peace of mind, LEWIS. 6. The Coal-Trade of British America, Ac., 
 Washington, 1850, 8vo. 
 
 Johnson, William. The Light of Navigation ; con 
 taining the Coasts and Havens of the West, North, and 
 East Seas, Amst> 1612, 4to. 
 
 Johnson, William, Chymist, pub. a chemical lexi 
 con, Lon., 1651, '60, 8vo, and a tract on G. Thompson's 
 Galeno Pale and Odowde's Poor Man's Physician, 1665, 
 8vo. 
 
 Johnson, William, D.D., d. 1666, aged 54, pub. 
 three serms., 1664-70. 
 
 Johnson, Sir William, d. in New York, 1774, an 
 eminent military officer, pub., in Phil. Trans., 1773, a 
 
 from that " bondage" which had so long held him in " fear 
 of death :" he resigned his soul into the hands of his 
 Creator with filial confidence and triumphant hope. 
 
 Johnson, Samuel B., Lieut. U. States Navy, d. 1820. 
 Letters from Chili, 1816. 
 
 Johnson, Mrs. Sarah Barclay. Hadji in Syria: 
 or, Three Years in Jerusalem, Phila., 1858 12mo See 
 Lon. Athen., 1858, Pt, 2, 193. 
 
 Johnson, Rev. T. Hist, of Berwick-upon-Tweed. 
 
 Johnson, T. B. 1. Gamekeeper's Direct., Lon., 12mo. 
 2. Hunting Direct., 8vo. 3. Shooter's Companion, 12mo- 
 see Lon. Sport. Mag. 4. Shooter's Preceptor; new ed., 1844 
 12mo. See Works of the Rev. Sydney Smith, 1854, ii. 18e! 
 
 paper on the Customs, Manners, and Languages of tho 
 Northern Indians of America. 
 
 Johnson, William. Union with Ireland, 1798, 8ro. 
 Johnson, William, d. 1848, a native of Middletown, 
 Conn., graduated at Yale College, 1788; reporter of the 
 Supreme Ct. of N. York, 1806-23, and of the Ct. of Chan 
 cery of N. York, 1814-23. 1. Trans, of D. A. Azuni's 
 Sistema Universale dei principii del diritto ruaritimo 
 dell' Europa, N. York, 1806, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " The student will find this work highly valuable on account of 
 the numerous biographical and bibliographical notices by the 
 author and his translator." Hoffman's Leg. Stu., 465. See also 
 2 Kent's Com., 4, n. ; Pref. to Johnson's trans. ; Marvin's Leg. Bib., 81. 
 2. N.York Supreme Ct, Ac. Reports, 1799-1803; N. 
 York, 1808-12, 3 vols. 8vo ; 2d ed., by L. B. Shepard, 
 1846, 3 vols. 8vo. 3. N. York Supreme Ct, Ac. Reports, 
 1806-23; 3d ed., Phila., 1839, 20 vols. 8vo; again, N. 
 York, 1845, 20 vols. 8vo. 4. N. York Chancery Reports, &c., 
 1814-23; 2ded., Phila., 1825-29,7 vols. 8vo; N.York, 1836, 
 7 vols. 8vo. 5. Digest of Cases in Supreme Ct. of N. York, 
 &c., Albany, 1825, 2 vols. 8vo ; Phila., 1838, 3 vols. in 2, 8vo. 
 Johnson's Reports are of the highest authority, and con 
 stantly appealed to. See 6 Law Reg., 291 ; Hoff. Leg. 
 Stu., 168; 1 U. S. Law Jour., 175, 499, ii. 288; 1 Ang. L. 
 L 9 Story's Bills, g 99, n.; Story's Part, g 280, n.; 316, 
 n. ; Marvin's Leg. Bib., 426; Sharswood's' Profess. Ethics, 
 126 ; N. Amer. Rev., 140. The review just cited is by 
 Judge Story, and will also be found in his Miscell. Writ., 
 148. See also his Life and Letters, i. 377, 379. 
 
 " No lawyer can ever express a better wish for his country's juris 
 prudence than that it may possess such a Chancellor [Kent] and 
 such a Reporter." JUDGE STORY : Miscell. Writings, 1852, 179. 
 
 "Johnson was the author of the Life of Chancellor Kent in the 
 National Portrait-Gallery of Distinguished Americans, and the 
 latter dedicated to him his Commentaries. 
 
 " Johnson was a man of pure and elevated character, an able 
 lawyer, a classical scholar, a gentleman, and a Christian." JIox. 
 JUDGE DUER : Letter to t/ie author of this Dictionary, N. York, Feb. 
 23, 1857. 
 
JOH 
 
 Johnson, William, of Charleston, S.C., Associate 
 Judge of the Supreme Court of the U. States, d. al 
 Brooklyn, 1834. Life and Corresp. of Major-Genera] 
 Greene, of the U. States Army, Charleston, 1822, 2 vols. 
 4to. See Blackw. Mag., xvii. 68 ; Peters's Eeports, vol. 
 ix. ; LEE, HENRY, 1787-1837. 
 
 Johnson, William, and Nicholson, Peter. The 
 Carpenter's New Guide; 15th ed., Phila., J854, 4to ; 16th 
 ed., entitled Carpenter's New Guide, hy Peter Nicholson; 
 revised by N. K. Davis, 1856, 4to. 
 
 Johnson, William, b. at Ladies' Island, S.C., 1811. 
 1. Infant Baptism argued from Analogy. 2. The 
 Church's Argument for Christianity. 3. Examination 
 of Snodgrass on Apostolic Succession. 4. Examination 
 of Confirmation Examined. 5. Memoir of Rev. N. P. 
 Knapp. Edited Select Sermons of N. P. Knapp. 
 
 Johnson, William Martin, d. 1796, at Jamaica, 
 Long Island, New York, was the author of a number of 
 poems, some of which will be found in Duyckincks' Cyc. 
 of Arner. Lit. See also Democratic Rev., i. 293, 458. 
 
 Johnson, William Moore, andExley, Thomas. 
 The Imperial Encyclopaedia, 1809, 4 vols. 4to. 
 Johnson. See JOHNSTON and JOHNSTOXE. 
 Johnsoue, Rev. Fowler de. Vindic. of the Book 
 of Genesis, Lon., 1838, 8vo. 
 
 " In this work Dr. Buckland's objections to the first chapter of 
 Genesis are met and answered." Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 140. 
 Johnston, A. J. Exchequer Bill, Lon., 1842, 8vo. 
 Johnston, or Johnson, Alexander, M.D., d. 1799, 
 aged 83. Tracts on Drowned Persons, Lon., 1773, both 
 8vo. 
 
 Johnston, Alexander. Con. to Med. Com., 1788. 
 Johnston, Alexander. Con. to Med. Com., 1795. 
 Johnston, Alexander Keith, Geographer at Edin 
 burgh in Ordinary to her Majesty, and one of the most 
 useful writers of the day, was b. Dec. 28, 1804, at Kirkhill, 
 in the county of Midlothian, Scotland. 1. The National 
 Atlas of General and Physical Geography, Edin., imp. fol., 
 1843, 8 8*.; Index, 1848, 7*. 6d. ; 2d ed., 1849, half- 
 bound, 4 4s. ; 3d ed., 1855, 4 14s. 6d. ; plates and notes, 
 half-Russia, 8 8*. 
 
 "As accurate in their geographical details as they are beautiful 
 in their execution." SIR DAVID BREWSTER. 
 
 Also highly commended in Alison's Hist, of Europe, by 
 Professors Traill and Jameson, by Dr. Whewell, Wm. Gal- 
 braith, and other eminent authorities. 
 
 2. The Physical Atlas of Natural Phenomena, 1847-49, 
 imp. fol., 30 maps, 10 10*.; reduced ed., 1849, imp. 4to, 
 25 maps, 2 12*. 6d. ; new ed., 1854-56, 12 Pts. fol., at 
 21*. each ; 12 12*. complete. 
 
 " The execution of the plates corresponds, in the elegance and 
 perspicuity of the engraving, with the scientific solidity of the ma 
 terials." BARON ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDI: d Sans Souci, 12th 
 August, 1848. 
 
 " Your Atlas will do more benefit to the knowledge of our planet, 
 in all its relations, than all the monstrous Encyclopedia, Cyclope- 
 diae, and Libraries of Useful Knowledge could effect." BARON LEO 
 POLD VON BUCH : Berlin, 3d July, 1848. 
 
 " I appreciate it highly, but not more than the admirable execu 
 tion of so difficult and arduous a work merits." MARY SOMERVILLE, 
 Chester Square, tth May, 1848. 
 
 We have many more testimonies before us to the excel 
 lence of this work, but either of the three preceding is 
 amply sufficient to give a character to The Physical Atlas. 
 
 The new edition includes many new maps, and is en 
 riched by the contributions of the greatest living scientific 
 men, by whose researches the domain of Physical Geo 
 graphy has been extended, including Sir R. Murchison, 
 Prof. E. Forbes, Col. Sabine, Sir David Brewster, Ac. A 
 new and complete Geographical Map of the United States 
 and British North America, compiled from the latest data, 
 by Prof. Rogers, (of Boston,) with descriptive Illustrated 
 Notes, is for the first time given, with much other matter 
 relating to this Continent. 
 
 3. Atlas to Alison's Hist, of Europe, 1848, 4to, 73*. 6<f.; 
 sm. 4to, 52*. 6rf. ; epitome, 4to, 7*. 4. Dictionary of Geogra 
 phy, 1850, 8vo, pp. 1440, 36*. ; 2d ed., 1855, 8vo, 36*. ; half- 
 bound, 41*. All of the articles were written by Mr. J., and 
 from original materials. Much new and valuable informa 
 tion will be found regarding Italy, Spain, Denmark, Rus 
 sia, the Netherlands, East and West Indies, Brazil, Ac. 
 
 5. Hand Atlas of General and Descriptive Geography, 
 1852, imp. 4to, 21*. 6. Hand Atlas of Physical Geography, 
 1852, imp. 4to, 21*. 7. Geographical Projections (8) to 
 accompany Johnston's Atlases of Physical and General 
 School Geography, 1852, 4to, 2*. 6d. 8. School Atlas of 
 General Geography, 1852, imp. 8vo, 12*. 6d. ; in a portfolio, 
 4to, 16. 6d. 9. School Atlas of Physical Geography, 1852, 
 imp. 8vo, 12*. 6d. ; in a portfolio, 4to, 16*. Qd. 10. Elemen- 
 
 JOH 
 
 tary School Atlas of General and Descriptive Geography, 
 1853, 4to, 7. 6d. 
 
 " A more complete work for educational purposes has never come 
 under our notice." Lon. Educational Times. 
 
 11. Hand Atlas of Classical Geography, 1853, r. 4to, 21. 
 12. School Atlas of Classical Geography, 1853, r. 8vo, 12*. 
 Qd. 13. Skeleton Charts for the Direction of Winds, Ac. 
 in the Arabian Sea, 1854, r. 4to, 12*. 6d. 14. Map of Eu 
 rope, 1855, 4to, in cloth case, 42*. 15. Atlas of Astronomy, 
 edited by J. R. Hind, 1855, 4to, 21*. ; school edit., imp. 8vo, 
 12*. &d. 16. Atlas of the War, 1856, in case, 6s. 17. Atlas 
 of the United States, British and Central America, by A. 
 K. Johnston, and Prof. Rogers, (of Boston,) 1857, sm. fol., 
 27 plates. Showing the Area and Population of the Free 
 and Slave-holding States,with the Plans of Cities, Sea-Ports, 
 Ac. This is the only collection of Maps of those countries 
 from documents not yet pub. (1857) in Europe or America. 
 
 " The Gazetteer which bears his name is remarkable for its com 
 pleteness ; and his Atlas of the United States of America supplies 
 a deficiency which has long been felt on both sides of the Atlantic." 
 Edin. Rev., Apr!!, 1857, n. 
 
 No library of any kind, public or private, clerical or lay, 
 school or family, should be without the invaluable publica 
 tions of Mr. Alexander Keith Johnston. 
 
 Johnston, Andrew. Notitia Anglicana; shewing, 1. 
 The Achievements of all the English Nobility, Ac., com 
 plete, Lon., 1724, 2 vols. 8vo. See Moule's Bibl. Herald., 
 318. 
 
 Johnston, Arthur, M.D., 1587-1641, a native of Cas- 
 kieben, near Aberdeen, took his medical degree at Padua 
 in 1610, resided abroad about twenty-four years, of which 
 twenty were spent in France, returned home about 1632, 
 and died at Oxford. He was one of the best Latin scholars 
 of his age, and pub. several works in that language. An 
 edit, of his works was pub., Middleb., in 1641. Of these 
 the best-known is his Latin version of the Psalms of David, 
 Psalmorum Davidis Paraphrasis Poetica, et Canticorum 
 Evangelicorum, Aberd., 1637, 12mo. Often reprinted. 
 There formerly existed an animated dispute (already re 
 ferred to by us in our life of George Buchanan) relative 
 to the respective merits of Johnston's and Buchanan's 
 versions of the Psalms. We give the opinions of several 
 eminent critics : 
 
 " A sort of critical controversy was carried on in the last century, 
 as to the versions of the Psalms by Buchanan and Johnston. 
 Though the national honour may seem equally secure by the supe 
 riority of either, it has, I believe, been usual in Scotland to maintain 
 the older poet against all the world. I am nevertheless inclined to 
 think that Johnston's Psalms, all of which are in elegiac metre, do 
 not fall far short of those of Buchanan either in elegance of style 
 or in correctness of Latinity. In the 137th, with which Buchanan 
 has taken much pains, he may be allowed the preference, but not 
 at a great interval, and he has attained his superiority by too much 
 diffusiveness." Hattam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, 4th ed., Lon., 1854, 
 iii. 53. 
 
 " Arthur Johnston is not so verbose, and has, of course, more 
 vigour ; but his choice of a couplet, which keeps the reader always 
 in mind of the puerile epistles of Ovid, was singularly injudicious." 
 DR. BEATTIE : Dissertations Moral and Critical. 
 
 We may remark, with reference to Beattie's mention of 
 Ovid, that Buchanan was formerly called the Scottish 
 Virgil, and Johnston the Scottish Ovid. 
 
 " He [Johnston] has many beautiful and even powerful lines, such 
 as can scarce be matched by his more popular competitor ; the style 
 of Johnston possessing somewhat of Ovidian ease, accompanied with 
 strength and simplicity, while the tragic pomp and worldly parade 
 of Seneca and Prudentius are more affected by Buchanan." PROF. 
 WM. TENNANT: Edin. Lit. Jour., iii. 289. 
 
 Auditor Benson pub. an ed. of Johnston's Version in 
 1740, 4to, 8vo, and 12mo; a Prefatory Discourse to it, 
 1740, 8vo; a Conclusion to the Discourse in 1741, and a 
 Supplement to it in the same year. In the last he insti 
 tuted a Comparison between Johnston and Buchanan, and 
 ;ives the preference to the former; but this opinion waa 
 jontroverted by George Ruddiman in A Vindication of 
 [Buchanan's Paraphrase, pub. in 1745, 8vo. See BENSON, 
 WILLIAM. Lord Woodhouselee prefers Buchanan's version 
 aken as a whole, but considers that Johnston has sur- 
 mssed the former in some of the Psalms, for instance, 
 24th, 30th, 74th, 81st, 82d, 102d, and, above all, the 137th. 
 See Mr. Hallam's remark just quoted respecting the 137th 
 Psalin, Johnston's version. 
 
 Morhof commends Johnston's version in high terms : 
 
 " Arturus Johnstonus, in Psalmorum Yersione, quemadmodum 
 it in operibus ceteris, ubique purus et tersus est, ut ego quidem 
 nihil in illo desiderare possim." 
 
 Dr. Harwood gives us little information when he informs 
 us that Johnston was " one of the most eloquent Latin 
 poets." Johnston pub. in 1637, Amst, 2 vols. 12mo, a 
 work which has reflected great honour upon the Scottish 
 nation, viz. : Delicice Poetarum Scoticorum hujus J3vi il- 
 lustriuin, to which he was a large contributor : 
 
JOH 
 
 * We find about an equal produce of each century, the whole 
 tumber being thirty-seven. Those of Johnston himself, and some 
 elegies by Scot of Scotsstarvet. are among the best. The Scots cer 
 tainly wrote Latin with a good ear and considerable elegance of 
 phrase." HALLAM : ubi supra. 
 
 " Would have done honour to any country." DR. SAMUEL JOHN- 
 BON : Jour, to the West. Islands. 
 
 Johnston also pub. Elegia in Obitum K. Jacobi, Lon., 
 1625, 4to; Epigrammata, Aberd., 1632, Svo; Parerga, 
 1632, 8vo; trans, of Solomon's Song into Latin Elegiac 
 Verse, Lon., 1633, Svo; Musae Aulicae, 1635, 8vo. His 
 translations into Latin of the Te Deum, Creed, Decalogue, 
 Ac. were subjoined to his Psalms. See Memoirs of John 
 ston prefixed to Auditor Benson's edit, of his Psalms; 
 Chalmers's Life of Ruddiman; Tytler's Life of Kames; 
 Beattie's Dissertations; Chambers and Thomson's Biog. 
 Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855. 
 
 Johnston, Bryce, D.D., 1747-1805, minister of Holy- 
 wood, Scotland, pub. several single serins., an Essay on 
 Peace, Ac., 1801, sm. 8vo, and the following works : 1. 
 Comment, on the Revelations of St. John, Edin., 1794, 2 
 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1807, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " Distinguished by the good sense and intelligence of its author. 
 It is a popular rather than a critical book." Orme's Sill. Bib. 
 
 "A work well calculated for general use, being written with 
 perspicuity, and in a popular, practical strain." Dr. E. WiUiams's 
 
 2. General View of the Agricult. of Dumfries, 1794, 4to. 
 "The work was reckoned among the best of the surveys." 
 
 Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 His Serms. and Life were pub. in 1808, Svo, by his 
 nephew, the Rev. John Johnston, minister of Crossmichael, 
 Scotland. 
 
 Johnston, Charles. Travels in Southern Abyssinia, 
 Lon., 1844, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " The pleasantest traveller we have read since Bruce." Hunt's 
 Journal. 
 
 Favourably noticed, at length, in the London and West 
 minster Revs, for Dec. 1844, and by other periodicals. 
 
 Johnston, David, M.D., of Edinburgh. 1. Hist, 
 of Public Charity in France, Edin., 1829, 8vo. 2. Public 
 Education in France, 8vo. 
 
 "An elaborate and well-digested treatise." ion. New Monthly 
 Mag. 
 
 See also Quar. Rev.; Monthly Mag.; Literary Chro 
 nicle; Scotsman. 
 
 Johnston, C. F. T. See JOHNSON. 
 
 Johnston, Elias. To Calculate, 1814, 12mo. 
 
 Johnston, Henry. Gravel and Stone, 1806, 8vo. 
 
 Johnston, George, M.D., of Berwick-on-Tweed, d. 
 1855, aged 58. 1. Flora of Berwick-on-Tweed, 2 vols. 
 8vo. 2. Hist, of British Zoophytes, Edin., 1838; 2d ed., 
 Lon., 1847, 2 vols. r. 8vo, 2 2s.; also in 2 vols. r. 8vo, 
 4 40. 
 
 " The most complete and accurate account of the British forms 
 of these animals we yet possess." ion. Gtnt. Mag., Sept. 1855. 
 
 3. Hist, of British Sponges and Lithophytes, 1842, 8vo. 
 " The best and most complete in our language." Lon. Gent. Mag.. 
 
 ubi supra. 
 
 4. Introduction to Conchology, 1850, 8vo. 5. The Na 
 tural Hist, of the Eastern Borders : vol. i., Botany, 1854, 
 Svo. Reviewed in Lon. Gent. Mag. for April, 1854; and 
 see same periodical for Sept. 1855 for a biographical 
 notice of Dr. Johnston. Dr. J. contributed a number of 
 papers on British Annelids and Irish Annelids to the Annals 
 of Nat. Hist., andpartially prepared a work on Brit.Annelida. 
 
 Johnston, George, M.D. See SINCLAIR, EDWARD B. 
 
 Johnston, James. Investing the Duke of Branden 
 burg with the Order of the Garter, 1690, fol. 
 
 Johnston, James F. W., d. 1855, aged 59, a native 
 of Paisley, Reader in Chemistry and Mineralogy in the 
 Univ. of Durham, 1833-55. 1. Elements of Agricultural 
 Chemistry and Geology, Edin., 1842, Svo ; 6th ed., 1853, 
 12mo. 2. Suggestions for Experiments in Agriculture,- 
 1843, 8vo. 3. Catechism of Agricultural Chemistry and 
 Geology, 1844, 16mo ; 33d ed., 1849, fp. Svo. Trans, into 
 nearly every European language, and taught in the 
 schools of Germany, Holland, Flanders, Italy, Sweden, ! 
 Poland, and North and South America. 4. Lects. on 
 Agricult. Chemistry and Geology, 1844, 8vo; 2d ed., 
 1847, 8vo. 
 
 "A most valuable and interesting course of lectures." Lon. 
 Quar. Rev. 
 
 "The most complete account of agricultural chemistry we pos 
 sess." Royal Agricult. Jour. 
 
 "Unquestionably the most important contribution that has re 
 cently been made to popular science." Sittiman's Jour. 
 
 5. Contributions to Scientific Agriculture, 1849, Svo. 
 6. Treat, on Experimental Agriculture, 1849, 8vo. 7. 
 Use of Lime in Agriculture, 1849, fp. Svo. 
 
 "All that is known about lime, both in a scientific and practical 
 point of view." Scottish Farmer. 
 
 JOH 
 
 8. Notes on North America : Agricultural, Economical 
 and Social, 1851, 2 vols. Svo. This is the result of a visit 
 to North America from Aug. 1849 to April, 1850. 
 
 " He has contrived to bring together a larger mass of varied and 
 valuable information on the present condition of North America 
 than is to be found in any work yet published." Blackwood's 
 Mag., Dec. 1851. 
 
 "Well written, and distinguished everywhere by much good 
 sense." ion. Athenccum, July 5, 1851. 
 
 "Admirable notes The very best manual for intelligent emi 
 grants." Lon. Economist. 
 
 So much for British opinions ; but a much less favour 
 able verdict by Professor Francis Bowen ^yill be found 
 in the North American Review for July, 1851, 210-238. 
 
 9. Instructions for Analysis of Soils, Limestone, <fcc.; 3d 
 ed., 1855, 12mo. 10. Chemistry of Common Life, 1854-55, 
 2 vols. p. 8vo. This was Professor Johnston's last work, 
 and completed but a few months before his death. 
 
 " One of the most agreeable and instructive publications of the 
 present day." Edin. JKev. 
 
 " The work deserves to be universally read." Brit. Quar. Rev. 
 " His last work was his best." Blackw. Mag., Nov. 1855, q.v. for 
 a review of the work, and an obituary notice of the author. 
 
 " Professor Johnston has done more than has ever yet been done 
 to preach science to the masses." Blackw. Man., ubi suvra See 
 also Lon. Gent. Mag., N\>v. 1855. 
 
 In addition to the commendations of the Chemistry of 
 Common Life above quoted, we have thirteen British and 
 six American ones before us, equally favourable in their 
 tone. 
 
 Prof. Johnson was a contributor to the Edinburgh Re 
 view and to Blackwood's Magazine. 
 
 Johnston, John, d. 1612, a native of Aberdeen, a 
 minister of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland, and 
 Professor of Divinity in the College of St. Andrew's, was 
 a relative of Arthur Johnston, (ante,) and also a poet. He 
 pub. the following poetical works. 1. Inscriptiones Histo- 
 ricae Regum Scotorum, &c., Amst., 1602, '03, 4to. 2. Heroes 
 ex omni Historica Scotica Lectissiini, Leyden, 1603, 4to. 
 
 "Excellent poems." Bp. fficolson's Scot. Hist. Lib.,ed. 1776, 66. 
 Both Nos. 1 and 2 will be found in the Deliciaj Poeta- 
 rum Scotorum. 3. Consolatio Christiana sub Cruce, Ac., 
 1609, 8vo. 4. Iambi Sacra, 1611. 5. Tertrasticha et 
 Lemmata Sacra Item Cantica Sacra Item Icones Re- 
 gum Judea? et Israelis, Lug. Bat., 1612, 4to. See Cham 
 bers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, 
 1855, and authorities there cited. 
 
 Johnston, John, M.D., 1603-1675, a native of 
 Sambter, Great Poland, resided some time in England. 
 He pub. in Latin a number of works on natural history, 
 medicine, history, and ethics, of which the best-known is 
 Historia Naturalis Animalium, pub. in Parts, 1648-52. 
 
 "The text is extracted, with some taste, from Gesner, Aldro- 
 vandus, Macgraf, and Mouflet ; and it answered its purpose, as an 
 elementary work in natural history, till Linnaeus taught a more 
 accurate method of classifying, naming, and describing animals. 
 Even Linna3us cites him continually." COVIER. 
 
 A portion of the above viz. : a Description of Four- 
 footed Beasts was trans, into English, and pub. at Am 
 sterdam, 1678, fol. See Chaufepie; Moreri; Saxii Ono- 
 mast. ; Biog. Univ. ; Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, 4th 
 ed., Lon., 1854, iii. 208, 584. 
 
 Johnston, John, 1757-1820, minister of Cross 
 michael, and nephew to the Rev. Dr. Bryce Johnston. 
 Memoirs of the Life of Dr. Bryce Johnston, prefixed to 
 his Serms., 1808, Svo. 
 
 Johnston, John, LL.D., b. at Bristol, Maine, grad. 
 at Bowdoin Coll., 1832 ; Prof, of Natural Science in Wes- 
 leyan Univ., 1832 to the present time, (1855.) 1. Elements 
 of Chemistry, 12mo. 2. Manual of Natural Philosophy; 
 6th ed., 1857. Highly commended, and used in many 
 schools, as are also the following works edited by Prof. J. 
 3. Dr. Edward Turner's Chemistry, 12mo. 4. Turner's 
 Elementary Chemistry; 6th ed., revised, with new illustra 
 tions, 1857, 18mo. 
 
 Johnston, John, D.D. His Autobiography and Mi 
 nisterial Life, edited and compiled by the Rev. James 
 Carnahan, D.D., late President of the College of New 
 Jersey, N. York, 1856. 
 
 Johnston, Joseph. Serm., Edin., 1778, Svo. 
 
 Johnston, Judge L. F. C. Institutes of the Civil 
 Law of Spain, trans, from the 6th Spanish ed., (Madrid, 
 1805,) Lon., 1825, r. Svo. 
 
 Johnston, Nath., M.D. Theolog. and polit. tracts, 
 Ac., 1659-88. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Johnston, Robert, a Scotsman, d. 1630? 1. His 
 toria Rerum Britannicorum, ut et Multarum Gallicarum, 
 Belgicarum et Germanicarum, tarn Politicarum quam Ec- 
 clesiasticarum, ab anno 1572 ad annum 1628, Amst., 
 1642, 12mo. Enlarged, 1655, fol. This was intended as a 
 continuation of Buchanan's History : 
 
JOH 
 
 JOH 
 
 * Continued in the same fine language [Latin] by Robert John- 
 en." Bp. Nicolsoris Scottish Hint. Lib., ed. 177t>. 34. 
 
 "A work of great merit, whether we consider the judicious 
 structure of the narrative, the sagacity of the reflections, the acute 
 discernment of characters, or the classical tincture of the style." 
 LORD WOODHOUSELEE. 
 
 2. Historie of Scotland during the Minority of King 
 James, in Latine ; Done into English by T. M. [Thomas 
 Middleton ?] Lon., 1646, 24mo, pp. 164. Reprinted in 
 vol. i. of Scotia Rediviva, Edin., 1826, 8vo. See Cham 
 bers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, 
 1855, and authorities there cited. 
 
 "Robertus Johnstonua baroni Killosensi Brusio dum viveret, 
 charus: vir variae lectionis, egregiee eruditionis, limati judicii." 
 Sibbaldi Biblioth. Scot. JUS., 221. 
 
 Johnston, Robert. Letter to Clergy, 1796, 8vo. 
 
 Johnston, Robert. Travels in Russia, &c., Lon., 
 1815, 4to. 
 
 Johnston, Thomas. Christ's Watchword ; or, the 
 Parable of the Virgins expounded, Lon., 1630, 4to. 
 
 Johnston, Thomas. General View of the Agricult. 
 of the County of Selkirk, Lon., 1794, 4to. 
 
 "Well performed." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Johnston, W. and A. K. 1. Emigration-Map of 
 Australia, with the Gold Districts, Lon., 1853, 12mo. 2. 
 Map of the Seat of War in the Danubian Principalities, 
 Lon., 1854, 12mo. 3. Do. in the Baltic Sea, 1854, 12mo. 
 
 Johnston, William. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1737. 
 
 Johnston, William. A Pronouncing and Spelling 
 English Dictionary, Lon., 1764, 12mo. 
 
 Johnston, William. Hist, of Inventions and Dis 
 coveries; from the German of Beckmann; Lon., 1797-1814, 
 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 " This work is the result of the most extensive.varied,and profound 
 research and learning." McCuttodi's Lit. of Polit. Earn., 1845, 355. 
 
 And see Biog. Univers. The last ed. of Beckmann's 
 work appeared in H. G. Bonn's Standard Library, Lon., 
 1846, 2 vols. sq. 12mo. This ed. is revised and enlarged 
 by Drs. Francis and Griffith. Johnston pub. several other 
 works. 
 
 Johnston, William. England as it is in the Nine 
 teenth Century : Political, Social, and Industrial, Lon., 
 1851, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 "Readable and well written, abounding with information of 
 many kinds." Edin. Rev. 
 
 " G'est un ouvrage plein de renseignements." L* Illustration. 
 
 Johnston. See JOHNSON and JOHNSTONS. 
 
 Johnstone, Mrs., of Inverness, Scotland, a popular 
 n ovelist 1. Clan Albin, a National Tale, Lon ., 1 8 1 5, 4 vols. 
 12mo. Anon. 
 
 "NORTH. 'A novel of great merit, full of incident and character, 
 and presenting many fine and bold pictures of external nature.' 
 
 " SHEPHERD. ' She's little if at a' inferior, in my opinion, to the 
 author o' the Inheritance.' "Noctes Ambrosianse, Nov. 1826. 
 
 2. Elizabeth De Bruce, Edin., 1827, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 3. 
 The Diversions of Holycot; or, Art of Thinking, 18mo. 
 Highly commended. 4. Nights of the Round Table, 1835 ; 
 1849, 2 vols. 18mo. 
 
 " One of the most meritorious efforts of our fiction-writers." 
 Lon. Examiner. 
 
 Mrs. J. edited for a number of years a monthly magazine 
 established at Edinburgh about 1830, to which she was a 
 contributor, and she edited and contributed to the Edin 
 burgh Tales, a weekly issue of stories and novelettes. 
 These papers were bound up and sold together (1845-46) 
 in 3 vols. r. 8vo, and a new ed., 3 vols. r. 8vo, bound in 1 
 vol., was pub. in 1850. The contributors to this agreeable 
 collection were Mrs. Johnstone, Mrs. Marsh, M. Fraser 
 Tytler, Mrs. Gore, Mrs. Crowe, John Mills, Miss Mitford, 
 Mary Howitt, William Howitt, Thomas Carlyle, Sir T. Dick 
 Lauder, &c. Mrs. Johnstone's Tales are, The Experiences 
 of Richard Taylor; Young Mrs. Roberts's Three Christmas 
 Dinners; Mary Anne's Hair; Governor Fox; Little Fanny 
 Bethel ; Frankland the Barrister ; Mrs. Mark Luke, or 
 West-Country Exclusives; Violet Hamilton, or The Ta 
 lented Family ; Mothering Sunday, or Old Usages ; Andrew 
 Howie, the Hand-loom Weaver ; The Ventilator of the Old 
 House of Commons; Blanche Delamere; The Weird of 
 the Winrams, a Tale of the Persecuting Times ; Nighean 
 Ceard, or the Tinker's Daughter, 
 
 Mrs. Johnstone's stories have acquired great popularity. 
 
 "Her characters are strictly drawn from life; and every act in 
 which they are involved is at once simply and naturally tending to 
 impress a useful lesson of worldly wisdom and judicious conduct." 
 Lon. Lit. Gaz. 
 
 " Mrs. Johnstone's Tales are a happy mixture of the genial and 
 the prudential." LEIGH HUNT. 
 
 Johnstone, Chevalier de, son of a grocer of Edin 
 burgh, became Aide-de-Camp to Lord George Murray, and 
 Assistant Aide-de-Camp to Prince Charles Edward the 
 Pretender. The History of the Rebellion in 1745 and 1746, 
 from the French, Lon., 1820, 4to. 
 
 " It should be looked at, particularly the introduction, which is 
 sensible and important. The notes are always good. . . . The last 
 half of the book is occupied with the author's adventures and efforts 
 o escape : they are often curious, and sometimes descriptive of 
 manners." Prof. Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist. 
 
 These memoirs possess all the interest of romance, and exhibit 
 traits of the character and feeling of the tunes." GoodhugWs Eng. 
 Gent. Lib. Man.. 1827, 56. 
 
 We suspect our friend the Chevalier to be somewhat of a Gas- 
 conader, and we are not willing to take away the character of 
 Charles for courage upon such suspicious authority. . . . We hap 
 pen to know that some of his stories are altogether fictitious." SIB 
 WALTER SCOTT : Life and Works of John Home. 
 
 Johnstone, Hon. Andrew Cochrane. 1. Pro 
 ceed, on Major J. Gordon, 1804, 8vo. 2. Defence of A. 
 Johnstone, 1805, 8vo. 
 
 Johnstone, Charles, an Irishman, who d. in India 
 about 1800. 1. Chrysal ; or, The Adventures of a Guinea, 
 1760, 2 vols. ; 3d ed., 1762, 2 vols. in 1, 12mo. Two addit. 
 vols., 1765. Often reprinted. Bested., Lon., 1821, 3 vols. 
 sm. 8vo. A key to the characters in this satirical novel 
 will be found in William Davis's Olio of Bibliog. and Lit 
 Anec., 13-21, and a review of the work, with a life of the 
 author, is in Sir Walter Scott's Miscell. Prose Works. Sir 
 Walter says, 
 " We may safely rate Charles Johnstone as a prose Juvenal." 
 
 2. The Reverie; or, A Flight to the Paradise of Fools, 
 1762, 2 vols. 12mo. A Satire. 3. The Hist, of Arsaces, 
 Prince of Betlis, 1774, 2 vols. 12mo. A sort of political 
 romance. 4. The Pilgrim; or, A Picture of Life, 1775, 2 
 vols. 12mo. 5. The Hist, of John Juniper, Esq., after* 
 Juniper Jack, 1781, 3 vols. 12mo. A romance in low life. 
 See Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ; Lon. Gent. Mag., vols. Ixiv. 
 591, 780, Ixxvii. 631, Ixxx. 311. 
 
 Johnstone, Edward, M.D. 1. Papers in Med. Com., 
 1777. 2. Paper in Memoirs Med., 1790. 
 
 Johnstone, George. Theolog. treatises, 1732, '33. 
 
 Johnstone, George, M.P., Post-Captain R.N., d. 
 1787, Governor of West Florida, 1763, pub. Thoughts on 
 our Acquisitions in the East Indies, particularly in Bengal, 
 1771, 8vo, and two Speeches, 1768, 75. 
 
 Johnstone, James, M.D., 1730-1802, a native of 
 Annan, Scotland, practised first at Kidderminster, and sub 
 sequently at Worcester, where he remained until his death. 
 He pub. a number of valuable professional works, 1750-95, 
 and medical papers in Phil. Trans., Med. Com., and Me 
 moirs Med., 1758-99. Among his works are Histor. Dissert, 
 on the Malignant Epidemic Fever of 1756, Ac., Lon., 1758, 
 8vo, and Medical Essays and Observations, 1795, 8vo. His 
 writings were held in great esteem. See Chalmers's Biog. 
 Diet, Lon. Gent, and Month. Magazines, 1802 ; Doddridge'a 
 Letters, p. 354. 
 
 Johnstone, Rev. James, Chaplain to his Britannic 
 Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary to the Court of Denmark. 
 1. Anecdotes of Olave the Black, King of Man, <fcc., Co- 
 penh., 1780, 8vo. 2. The Norwegian Account of Haco's 
 Expedition against Scotland, A.D. 1263, 1782, 8vo. 3. 
 Lodobrokar-Quida, sine loco, 1782, 12mo. 4. Antiquitates 
 Celto-Normanicae, Copenh., 1786, 4to. 5. Antiquitates 
 Celto-Scandicae, 1786, 4to. 
 
 Johnstone, James, Physician to General Hospital, 
 Birmingham. 1. A Therapeutic Arrangement and Sylla 
 bus of Materia Medica, Lon., sm. 8vo. 
 
 " This book cannot but be particularly useful to those who intend 
 to lecture or write upon the Materia Medica, as well as to the 
 students for whose particular use it is prepared." Brit, and For. 
 Med. Rev. 
 
 2. Discourse on the Phenomena of Sensation, Lon., 
 1840, 8vo. 
 
 Johnstone, John. East India Stock, 1766. 
 
 Johnstone, John, Land-Surveyor and Drainer at 
 Edinburgh, pub. an Account of Joseph Elkington's System 
 of Draining, Edin., 1797, 4to. Last ed., 1841, 8vo. 
 
 " Mr. Johnstone executed his task most creditably ; but the falla 
 cious principle has long since vanished, and claims no notice now. 
 It is surprising that it was ever entertained at all." Donaldson's 
 Agricult. Biog., 1854, 81. 
 
 Elkington's system of draining was at one time held in 
 such esteem, that a Parliamentary grant of 1000 was 
 passed for the purchase of his secret Johnstone was de 
 puted to publish this secret to the world, and the work was 
 received with much favour : 
 
 "The result, published by Johnstone, displays one of the most 
 beautiful and important applications of scientific principles to prac 
 tical purposes within the whole range of human knowledge." 
 Report ofPrac. of Royal Institute, May 24, 1844. 
 
 Johnstone, John, M.D., d. 1836, aged 68, a son of 
 James Johnstone, M.D., of Annan, was for more than forty 
 years a physician at Birmingham, and for about that time 
 the intimate friend of Dr. Samuel Parr, whose Works, with 
 Memoirs of his Life and Writings and a Selection from his 
 Correspondence, he pub. in 1828, 8 vols. 8vo He also 
 
JOH 
 
 JON 
 
 pub. several professional works, among which are Medical 
 Jurisprudence, Lon., 1800, 8vo. See a biographical notice 
 of Dr. J. in Lon. Gent. Mag., May, 1837, 547-549. 
 
 Johnstone, John* 1. Specimens of British Poets, 
 from Chaucer to the Present Day, with Biograph. and Crit. 
 Notices, Edin., 1828, 12mo j Lon., 1837, 24mo. 
 
 " It contains the most precious portion of the most precious lite 
 rature in existence." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 2. Specimens of Sacred and Serious Poetry from Chaucer 
 to the Present Day, with Biograph. and Crit. Notices, 24mo. 
 
 " Well calculated to produce and fix the best impressions, and to 
 exalt and ennoble the character and enjoyments of human beings." 
 Edin. Theolog. Mag. 
 
 Johnstone, John, Rector and Vicar of Overton,Hants. 
 The Way of Life : in a series of Serins., Lon., 1841, 8vo. 
 
 Johnston*', W. D., Rector of Ifield. 1. Family 
 Prayer, Gravesend, 1844, 8vo. 2. Baptism, Lon., 1845, 
 12mo. 
 
 Johnstone, William. Paper in Med. Obs. and Inq., 
 1762. 
 
 Johnstone, William Henry, Chaplain of Addis- 
 combe. 1. Israel after the Flesh ; or, The Judaism of the 
 Bible separated from its Spiritual Religion, Lon., 1850, 8vo. 
 
 " The reader who wishes to understand accurately the relation 
 of Judaism, as a polity, to the spiritual religion taught in the 
 Bible, will find much advantage from the study of the following 
 book." DR. WM. L. ALEXANDER : Connex. of Old and JY. Vests., ed. 
 1853, 313-314. 
 
 " Characterized by sound learning, precision of statement, and 
 conclusiveness of reasoning." Brit. Quar. Rev., Nov. 1852, 478. 
 
 Also commended by T. K. Arnold, Kitto's Journal, Cam 
 bridge Chronicle, &c. 
 
 2. Sunday and the Sabbath, 1853, sm. 8vo. 3. The Wor 
 ship of Vanities; a Serm., Croydon, 1853, 8vo. 4. Israel 
 in the World ; or, the Mission of the Hebrews to the Great 
 Military Monarchies, 1855, fp. 8vo. 
 
 Johnstone. See JOHNSTON and JOHNSON. 
 
 Johnstoun, James. A Juridical Dissert, on Mar 
 riage Contracts and the Marriages of Cousins-Germain; 
 Illustrated from the Canon Law, <fec., Lon., 1734, 8vo. 
 
 John n not, James. Country School-Houses,1859,8vo. 
 
 Jole, William. A Warning to Drunkards, Lon., 1680, 
 4to. Unfortunately, this book is still needed. 
 
 Joliltc, Henry. Responsio Henrici Joliffi et Robert! 
 Jonson ad illos Artie. J. Hoperi, Antvo., 1564, 8vo. 
 
 Joliph, William. Serm., Lon., 1589, 8vo. 
 
 Jollic, F. 1. Cumberland Manners, &c., Carlisle, 
 1811, 8vo. 2. Cumberland Guide, &c., 1811, 8vo. 
 
 Jollie, T. Character of T. Whitaker, 1712, 8vo. 
 
 Jollife, T. R. Letters from Palestine, <fcc., 1822, 2 
 vols. 
 
 Jolly, Alexander, D.D., 1756-1838, Bishop of Moray, 
 Scotland, was ordained Deacon, 1777 ; Priest, 1778 ; Pastor 
 at Turiff, in the diocese of Aberdeen, 1777; in 1788 re 
 moved to Fraserburgh, where he resided for forty-nine 
 years ; consecrated Bishop of Dundee, 1796. 
 
 1. Baptismal Regeneration, 1826 ; new ed., with Account 
 of the Author, by -Rev. P. Cheyne, Lon., 1840, 12mo. This 
 work is also pub. in the Voice of the Church. 2. Sunday 
 Services and Holy Days, <fcc., 1828 ; 3d ed., with Memoir 
 of the Author, by Rt. Rev. Jas. Walker, D.D., Bishop and 
 Primus, Edin., 1840, 12mo. See also Lon. Gent. Mag., 
 Nov. 1838, 547. 3. The Christian Sacrifice in the Eucha 
 rist, 1832, 12mo ; 2d ed., Aberd., 1847, 12mo. 
 
 " Evinces Tractarian tendencies." BickersteWs C. S. 
 
 See Lon. Gent. Mag., Nov. 1838, 547, for a very favour 
 able notice of this work. The See of Moray, founded in 
 the twelfth century, was absorbed in other dioceses after 
 the decease of Bishop Jolly. 
 
 Jolly, J. B. F. Sciences and Philos., 1806, 2 vols. 
 
 Jonas, A. Law of Nisi Prius, Lon., 1773, 12mo. 
 
 Jonas, Peter. 1. Laws of Excise, Lon., 1802, 8vo. 
 2. Art of Gauging, 1804/06, 8vo. 3. Hydrometrical Tables, 
 1807, 8vo. 
 
 Jones. Answer to Tate's Question cone, the Ancient 
 Britons. See Hearne's Discourses, p. 213, Oxf., 1720, 8vo. 
 
 Jones. Guide to Norway; or, Salmon-Fisher's Com 
 panion, by Tolfrey, Lon., 12mo. 
 
 Jones, Mrs., of Pantglass. 1, Scattered Leaves ; or, 
 Twilight Trifles, Lon., 1853, 12rno. 2. Lott ery, 1858. 
 Jones, Captain. His Legend, Lon., 1636, 4to. With 
 Part 2, 1648, 4to; 1656, 4to ; 1659, sm. 8vo; 1671, 4to. 
 This burlesque, in imitation of a Welsh poem entitled 
 Owdl Rich. Greulon, was written by the Rev. David Lloyd. 
 See Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 433 ; Athen. Oxon. 
 
 Jones, A. D. Illustrated American Biography, N. 
 York, 1853, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Abraham. State of the Country, 1794, 8vo. 
 Jones, Alexander, M.D., of New York. 1. Cuba in 
 
 1851, N.Tork, 1851, 8vo. 2. Histor. Sketch of the Electric 
 Telegraph, 1852, 8vo. 3. The Cymry of Seventy-Six: or, 
 The Welshmen of the American Revolution and their De 
 scendants, 1855, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Rev. Alfred. The Proper Names of the Old 
 Testament Scriptures Expounded and Illustrated. Lon.. 
 1856, 4to. 
 
 " This is an exceedingly creditable book, creditable alike to Mr. 
 Jones and to King's College, London, of which he is one of the 
 alumni. The value of such a work to the clergyman or Biblical 
 student cannot be overrated." Gent. Mag., Aug. 1S56. 
 
 Jones, Alfred B. On the Teeth, Lon., 1853, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Basset. Lapis Philosophorum Examini Sub- 
 jectus, Oxon., 1648, Svo. 
 
 Jones, C., "The Crediton Poet," d. at Keynsham, 
 near Bristol, 1792. Poems. 
 
 Jones, C. C. Recollections of Royalty, 1190-1807, 
 Lon., 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 Jones, C. Handfield, and E. H. Sieveking, As 
 sistant-physicians to St. Mary's Hospital, London. 1. A 
 Manual of Pathological Anatomy, Lon., 1854, fp. ; 1st Amer. 
 ed., revised, Phila., 1855, Svo, nearly 750 pp. 
 
 " A comprehensive English work on Pathological Anatomy has 
 long been a desideratum in Medical Literature ; the present work 
 fills up in a great measure the deficiency which has hitherto existed, 
 and Drs. Jones and Sieveking deserve great credit for the manner 
 in which they have performed their task." Lon. Med. Times and 
 Gazette. 
 
 Also highly commended by The Stethoscope, the N. W, 
 Med. and Surg. Jour, Ac. 2. By C. H. J., Pathological 
 and Clinical Observations on Morbid Conditions of the 
 Stomach, 1855, Svo. 
 
 Jones, C. J. Memoirs of Miss O'Neil, 1816. 
 
 Jones, C. J. Collection and Recovery of Rent- 
 Charge ; 2d ed., Lon., 1849, 12mo. 
 
 Jones, Charles. Serins., 1705, both 4to. 
 
 Jones, Charles. Hoyle's Games Improved, Lon., 
 1779, 12mo. 
 
 Jones, Charles A., of Cincinnati, a son of George 
 W. Jones, formerly of Philadelphia, practised Law at 
 Cincinnati, and subsequently at New Orleans, where he 
 died in 1851. The Outlaw, and other Poems, Cincin., 
 1835. Privately printed. This volume evinces the pos 
 session of uncommon poetical abilities. 
 
 Jones, Charles Colcock, D.D. 1. The Religious 
 Instruction of Negroes in the U. States, Savannah, 12rno. 
 2. The Glory of Woman is the fear of the Lord, Phila., 
 18mo. 3. Suggestions on the Religious Instruction of 
 Negroes in the Southern States, 1855, ISino. Other pub 
 lications. 
 
 Jones, D. Discourse on Peace, 1795, Svo. 
 
 Jones, David, of Marcham. Serms., 1690-1703. 
 
 Jones, David. 1. The Secret Hist, of Whitehall, 
 Lon., 1697, 2 vols. in 1, Svo. Continuation from 1688 to 
 1696, 8vo, 1697. New and best ed. of this "scandalous 
 history," 1717, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Usury, &c., 1692, 4to. 3. 
 Hist, of the Turks, 1655-1701, 2 vols. Svo. 4. Life of K. 
 James II., 1702, Svo. 5. Hist, of the House of Bruns- 
 wick-Lunenburgh, 1715, Svo. 
 
 Jones, David, a native of Caernarvonshire, who died 
 about 1780, wrote some poetry, edited two collections of 
 Welsh poems, and made a collection of ancient Welsh MSS. 
 
 Jones, David, of Langar. Serm., Lon., 1796, Svo. 
 
 Jones, David. See KEYWORTH, THOMAS, No. 1. 
 
 Jones, David. The Value of Annuities and Rever 
 sionary Payments ; with numerous Tables, Lon., 1843, 2 
 vols. Svo. 
 
 "An able scientific treatise." Me Cullocli's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 
 252. 
 
 "If there be any one book in our language, or any other, which, 
 by itself, would both train an actuary and enable him to practise 
 his profession, this is the one." Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 Jones, David F. Turnip-Husbandry, Lon., 1847, 
 12mo. 
 
 " The author describes most correctly the most approved cultiva 
 tion and use of the turnip-plant." Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 
 
 Jones, E. O. 1. Religious Knowledge among the Poor 
 in 1850 and in 1750, [Centen. Prize Essay,] Lon., 1850, 
 12mo. 2. Eminent Characters of the English Revolu 
 tionary Period, 1853, cr. Svo. 
 
 Jones, E. T. 1. English Book-Keeping for Schools, 
 Lon., 1840, 12mo. 2. Science of Book-Keeping ; 8th ed., 
 1844, r. Svo ; new ed., 1854, r. Svo. 
 
 Jones, Ebenezer. Studies of Sensation and Event: 
 Poems, Lon., 1843, Svo. 
 
 " We recommend him to be more humble in his pretensions and 
 simple in his address when next he appears in public." Lon. Athen^ 
 April 13, 1844. 
 
 Jones, Rev. Edmund. A Relation of Ghosts and 
 Apparitions which commonly appear in the Principality 
 
JON 
 
 JON 
 
 of Wales, Brist., 1767. See an interesting article in 
 which this work is noticed on the Popular Superstitions 
 of the Welsh in the Lon. Retrospec. Review, 1825, xi. 66- 
 88. 2. Account of the Parish of Aberystrutb, Trevecka, 
 1779, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Edward. Young Geographer and Astrono 
 mer's Best Companion, Lon., 1773, 12mo; 2d ed., 1792. 
 
 Jones, Edward, Bard to the Prince of Wales, and 
 a native of Merionethshire. 1. Cicero's Brutus, Lon., 
 1776, 8vo. 2. Musical and Poetical Relics of the French 
 Bards, 1784, fol. ; 2d ed., 1794, fol.; 3d ed., 1812, fol. j new 
 ed., 3 vols. 4to. 3. The Bardic Museum of Primitive 
 British Literature, fce., forming a 2d vol. of No. 2. 4. 
 Minstrel Serenades, 1809. 5. Lyric Airs, 1810, fol. 6. 
 Terpsichore's Banquet, 1813. 
 
 Jones, Edward. Index to the Records on the Re 
 membrancer's Side of the Exchequer, Lon., 1793-95, 2 
 vols. foL 
 
 Jones, Edward. Cockchafer; Nic. Jour., 1802. 
 Jones, Edward. 1. Prevention of Poverty, Lon., 
 1796, 8vo. 2. Portugal Convention Defended, 1808, 8vo. 
 Jones, Edward. Book-Keeping, Brist., 1796, 4to. 
 Jones, Edward. Vaccination, Lon., 1806, 8vo. 
 Jones, Edward. Levelling, Lon., 1841, 12mo. 
 "A general treatise on the subject." Lon. Times. 
 Jones, Edward G., M.D. Gout, Lon., 1810, 12mo. 
 Jones, Ernest, a barrister-at-law of London, has 
 gained some reputation as a poet, and perhaps as much 
 as a Chartist, his political speeches having cost him a 
 heavy fine and two years' imprisonment. 1. The Wood- 
 Spirit, Lon., 1841, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 2. My Life : a Rhap 
 sody. 3. Chartist Lyrics. 4. The Battle-Day, and other 
 Poems, 1855, 12mo. 
 
 " Those who happen to be acquainted with the poetical produc 
 tions of Ernest Jones must allow that they possess clearness and 
 force, a genial perception of nature, a vigorous imagination, and a 
 Tivid poetical spirit. Persons who expect that the great Chartist 
 leader will infuse low Radical ideas in low Radical fashion into his 
 verses will find themselves mistaken." Lon. Spectator. 
 
 5. Emperor's Vigil, and the Waves of the War, 1855, 
 12mo. 
 
 Jones, Frederick. 1. Tullagaurn Expedit. from 
 Bombay, 1794, 4to. 2. Letters, 1795, 4to. 
 
 Jones, Frederick C. Attorney's Pocket-Book ; 7th 
 ed., adapted to the Law of 1850, by J. Crisp, with a Supp. 
 by Rolla Rouse, 1850, 2'vols. 12mo, 1 1*. An Adaptation 
 of do. by R. Rouse, 1850, 1 vol., 3. 6d. 
 
 Jones, G. A Hist, of the Rise and Progress of Mu 
 sic, Theoretical and Practical, 1818. 
 
 Jones, G. F. Law cone, the Liabilities and Rights 
 of Common Carriers, Lon., 1827, 8vo. 
 Jones, George. Friendly Pill, Lon., 1674, 12mo. 
 Jones, George. A Comprehensive Hebrew Gram 
 mar, Dubl., 1826, 8vo. For the use of the Univ. of Dublin. 
 " His work contains a summary of all that is valuable in the 
 Thesaurus Grammaticus of Buxtorf." Chris. Exam., or Church of 
 Ireland Mag., Feb. 1827. 
 See Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 Jones, George. 1. Hist, of Ancient America ante 
 rior to the Time of Columbus; proving the Identity of 
 the Aborigines with the Tyrians and Israelites; 3d ed., 
 1843, r. 8vo. 
 
 "You are quite welcome to make any use you please of my 
 opinions respecting your volume on the Tyrian Origin of the 
 Temples in Central America. I most heartily repeat that I am 
 convinced you have fully proved your case." SIR SAMUEL RUSH 
 MEYRICK : London, August lith, 1844. 
 
 " We have felt much reluctance in performing the painful duty 
 of exposing so shallow a writer as Mr. Jones." Lon. Atfien., July 
 1, 1843, where Mr. Jones and his theory suffer severely from criti 
 cal handling. 
 
 2. Tecurnseh, a Tragedy, The Life of General Harri 
 son, [late Pres't U. States,] and the First Oration on 
 Shakspeare, 1844, 12mo. 
 
 Jones, George, Chaplain in U.S. Navy, b. July 30, 
 1800, near York, Penna., grad. at Yale Coll., 1823, with the 
 highest honours of his class. 1. Sketches of Naval Life, 
 New Haven, 3 vols. 12mo. 2. Excursions to Cairo, Je 
 rusalem, Damascus, and Balbec, N. York, 1836, 12mo. 
 He accompanied Commodore Perry on the Japan Expedi 
 tion, and has published (3) the results of his observations 
 for two years on the Zodmcal Light, 1 vol. 4to, 348 plates 
 pp. 750. The new theory of a nebulous ring around the 
 earth is a deduction from these observations. This las 
 work forms the third volume of Com. Perry's Japan Ex 
 pedition. See Bouvier's Familiar Astronomy, 1857, 405. 
 Jones, George Matthew, Captain R.N., d. 1831 
 Travels in Norway, Sweden, &c., Lon., 1827, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Jones, Gibbon. Serins., 1741, '46, both 8vo. 
 Jones, Giles, in conjunction with his brother GULF 
 
 FITH JO^ES (po*i) and JOHN- NEWBERY, wrote a number 
 f Liliputian Histories for the Young. 
 
 Jones, Griffith, 1684-1761, a native of Caermarthen, 
 lector of Llanddowror in that county, wrote and pub. 
 everal religious treatises in Welsh and English, of which 
 many thousands, together with thirty thousand Welsh 
 Bibles, were distributed by his agency through Wales. 
 See Sketch of his Life and Character, 1762, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Griffith, Rector of Denbigh. Popish Objec- 
 ,ions against Protestants Briefly Answered, Lon., 1735> 
 Sinn. 
 
 Jones, Griffith, d. 1786, was concerned with his bro 
 ker GILES (ante) and JOHN NEWBERY (post) in the author 
 ship of the Liliputian Histories for the Young, and was 
 associated with Dr. Samuel Johnson in the Literary Maga- 
 ine, and with Goldsmith and Smollett in the British Maga 
 zine. He also pub. anonymously many translations from 
 the French. See Nichols's Lit. Anec. 
 
 Jones, H. Bence, M.D., Licentiate of the Royal 
 Coll. of Physicians, London. 1. Applic. of Liebig's Physio- 
 ogy to the Prevention and Cure of Gravel, Calculus, and 
 Gout, Lon., 1843, 8vo. 
 
 " In thus expressing our opinion of the practical value of thia 
 publication, it is satisfactory to find ourselves supported by Pro 
 fessor Liebig himself, under whose immediate superintendence and 
 sanction a translation into German is now preparing." Lon. 
 Pharmaceut. Jour. 
 
 2. On Animal Chemistry, in its Relation to Stomach 
 and Renal Diseases, 1850, 8vo. 
 
 "The work of Dr. Bence Jones is one of the most philosophical 
 and practical which has issued from the press for many years 
 past." Lon. Lancet. 
 
 " Dr. Bence Jones is already favourably known as the author of 
 works and papers on animal chemistry ; and this contribution to 
 bis favourite science is calculated to extend his reputation as an 
 able chemist and sound physician." Lon. Month. Med. Jour. 
 
 3. Dr. Du Bois Reymond's Animal Electricity, edited 
 by H. B. Jones, M.D., fp. 8vo j 50 engravings on wood. 
 
 " This small volume is a valuable addition to our scientific lite 
 rature. Those who read with attention may learn many most im 
 portant facts from this work, but it demands such attention." 
 Lon. Athenceum. 
 
 " The name of M. Du Bois Reymond is probably known to most 
 of our readers as that of a zealous investigator into Animal Elec 
 tricity. We have now had the opportunity of witnessing some of 
 the most interesting of these experiments. We beg to tender our 
 thanks to Dr. Bence Jones for this very seasonable publication, 
 and for the very efficient mode in which he has performed the 
 task." Lon. Medico-Chirurgical Review. 
 
 4. Fownes's Manual of Chemistry : see FOWNES, GEORGE; 
 HOFMANN, A. W., M.D. 5. Liebig and Kopp's Ann. Rep. 
 of the Progress of Chemistry: see HOFMAJTN, A. W., M.D. 
 6. G. J. Mulder's Chemistry of Wine, edited, 1857, 12mo. 
 
 Jones, H. Berkeley. Adventures in Australia in 
 1852 and 1853, Lon., 1853, p. 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Hamilton C. Digest of Reported Cases in 
 Supreme Ct. of N. Carolina, Dec. 1845 to Aug. 1853: 
 Law and Equity, Raleigh, N.C., 1855, 2 vols. in 1, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Harriet. The Family of S.intraile; or, The 
 Heir of Mentault : a Romance, 1809, 4 vols. 
 
 Jones, Henry. The Lamentable and Wofull Com- 
 playnte of my Lady Masse, 1548, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Henry. Remonstrance of divers Remark 
 able Passages cone, the Church and Kingdom of Ireland, 
 1642, 4to. 
 
 " This is one of the most interesting and authentic accounts of the 
 horrible proceedings in Ireland." 
 
 Jones, Henry, Bishop of Meath. 1. Serins, on Ps. 
 cxviii. 24-26, 1660, 4to ; 1667, 4to. 2. Serm., Dubl., 1676, 
 fol. 3. Serm., Lon., 1679, fol. 
 
 Jones, Henry. The Philos. Trans., 1700-1720, 
 abridged and disposed under General Heads, Lon., 1721, 
 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 Jones, Henry, d. 1770, a native of Drogheda, pa 
 tronized by the Earl of Chesterfield, pub. a vol. of Poems, 
 Lon., 1749, 8vo, occasional poems, 1751-66, the Earl of 
 Essex, a Tragedy, 1753, 8vo, and left an unfinished tra 
 gedy called the Cave of Idra. See Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Jones, Henry. The Prophecies, And. andX.Y., 1837. 
 
 Jones, Herbert. Serms., 1774, '75, '77. 
 
 Jones, Horatio Gates, of Philadelphia. A Genea 
 logical Account of Wigard Levering and Gerhard Lever 
 ing, (fee., Phila., 1858, 8vo, pp. 193. See (N. YorkJ Hist 
 Mag., Nov. 1858, 350. 
 
 Jones, Hugh, Professor of Mathematics at William 
 and Mary College, Minister of Jamestown, Virginia, and 
 subsequently chaplain to the Assembly of Virginia, pub. 
 in 1724, Lon., 8vo, pp. 152, The Present State of Vir 
 ginia, <fcc. 
 
 "This is one of the scarcest works relating to Virginia published 
 in this century. The author thinks that the settlement of America 
 
JON 
 
 JON 
 
 by the Europeans is a fulfilment of the scriptural text on his title- 
 page, Japheth being the English, Shem the Indians, and Canaan 
 the Negroes." Rich's BiU. Amer. Nova, i. 35, q. v. 
 
 Jones, I. G., M.D., late Prof, of the Theory and 
 Practice of Medicine in the Eclectic Medical Institute, 
 Cincinnati, <fcc. The American Eclectic Practice of Medi 
 cine ; to which are appended the posthumous writings of 
 T. Morrow, M.D., also late Prof, of the Theory and Prac 
 tice of Medicine in the same Institute, Cincin., 1856, 2 vols. 
 8vo, pp. 1650. 
 
 " It bears upon every page the stamp of Dr. J.'s vigorous, inde 
 pendent, and practical style of thought. Such a work has long 
 been needed, and we rejoice to know that it has been produced." 
 DR. BUCHANAN, in Eclec. Med. Jour. 
 
 Jones, Inigo, 1572-1652, the celebrated architect, a 
 native of London, also claims a place as an author. 1. 
 The Temple of Love ; a Masque, Lon., 1634, 4to. 2. The 
 Most Notable Antiquity of Great Britain, vulgarly called 
 Stone-Heng, on Salisbury Plain, Restored. Completed and 
 pub. by Mr. Webb, 1655, fol. 
 
 " Of this work there were but a few copies printed, and most of 
 them were lost in the fire of London." GOOGH. 
 
 Watt mentions an ed. in 1665, fol. Jones's work was 
 certainly repub., with other essays, by Dr. Charlton and 
 Mr. Webb, in 1725, fol. See CHARLTON, or CHARLETON, 
 WALTER, M.D., where we have touched upon the Stone- 
 Henge controversy. 3. Histor. Essay on the Language of 
 China. 4. Trans, of George Taragonta's Hist, of the World. 
 5. Designs ; consisting of Plans and Elevations for Public 
 and Private Buildings ; pub. by Wm. Kent, 1727, fol. 
 Other designs, by Isaac Ware, 1743, 8vo ; other designs, 
 1744, fol. ; by Wm. Kent, 1770, 2 vols. fol. He left MS. 
 notes upon Palladio's Architecture, some of which were 
 inserted by Leoni in an ed. of Palladio pub. in 1714, fol. 
 A copy of his verses is pub. in the Odcombian Banquet, 
 prefixed to Tom Coryate's Crudities, 1611, 4to. Jones was 
 an excellent mathematician, and understood the Greek and 
 Latin languages. He was for some time an intimate friend 
 of Ben Jonson, but the latter became his enemy, and ridi 
 culed him in the character of Lantern Leatherhead, a 
 hobby-horse seller, in his comedy of Bartholomew Fair, 
 and wrote three satires against him, An Expostulation 
 with Inigo Jones ; an Epigram to a Friend ; and another 
 inscribed to Inigo, Marquis Would-Be. Mr. Gifford charges 
 Jones with having thrown the first stone. The considera 
 tion of Jones's architectural taste and his works in this de 
 partment does not come within the plan of our Dictionary. 
 But the reader can consult Chalmers's Biog. Diet, ; Wai- 
 pole's Anecdotes; Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors, and, 
 above all, Peter Cunningham's Life of Inigo Jones, with 
 Remarks on his Sketches for Dramas by Planche, and 5 
 Masques by Ben Jonson, &c., edited by Collier, with por 
 trait after Vandyke, and fifteen fac-simile sketches, 1848 
 8vo. 
 
 " This biography of the illustrious architect is more complete 
 than any former one, and abounds in curious information respect 
 ing the customs of the period. Among the dramas is the celebrated 
 Masque of Queens, written in rivalry of Shakspeare's Macbeth." 
 
 " Inigo failed when he attempted to rival the Gothic churches 
 of the fourteenth century." T. B. MACAULAY : Essays, Lon., 1854, 
 iii. 352. 
 
 Jones, J. The Tower of Babel; or, Essays on the 
 Confusion of Tongues, with comparisons between Languages 
 of the Old and New World, and a defence of the rights 
 which the ancient Britons derive from the first European 
 settlement formed in America by a Prince of Wales, Lon., 
 8vo. 
 
 " We feel bold to refer unbelievers to original papers in possession 
 of Lady Juliana Penn, we mean the good and great William Penn's 
 
 MS. Journals, where the Welsh Indians are frequently mentioned 
 
 without the least doubt of their existence." Page 77. 
 Jones, J. Serm., Lon., 1615, 8vo. 
 Jones, J., M.D. Practical Phonography, Lon., 1701 
 
 8m. 4to. An account of this rare and curious vol. will be 
 
 found in Beloe's Anecdotes, vi. 360-365. 
 
 Jones, J. Hawthorn Cottage, Lon., 1815, 2 vols. 12mo, 
 Jones, J. A. Traditions of the North American In 
 dians, or Tales of an Indian Camp, with spirited etchings 
 
 by W. H. Brooke, Lon., 1820, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 
 
 "A very curious and authentic work. The introduction gives 
 
 the sources of each legend. Many of them were taken from the 
 
 recital of the old Indian nurse of the author, one of the Pawkun 
 
 nawkeet or Gayhead tribe, in Mass." 
 
 Jones, J. A. Haverhill, a Novel, N.York, 2 vols 
 
 Contributions to the United States Literary Gazette, &c. 
 Jones, J. F. D., M.D. Haemorrhage, Lon., 1805, 8vo 
 Jones, J. P. 1. Eulogy on A. Laussat, Phila., 1834 
 
 8vo. 2. Penna. State Reports, vols. xi. and xii., Phila. 
 
 1850-52. The set from 1846 to '56 comprises 24 vols. 
 
 viz. : i.-x. by Robt. M. Barr ; xi. and xii. by J. P. Jones 
 
 xiii.-xxiv. by George W. Harris. 
 
 Jones, J. S. Defence of the Revolutionary Hist, of 
 North Carolina, Bost, 
 
 A clever controversial tract, indicating the authenticity of the 
 Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence in 1776 before that 
 made 4th July, in Philadelphia." PRESIDENT CHARLES KING. 
 
 See GRISBY, HUGH BLAIR; George Tucker's History 
 f the United States. 
 
 Jones, J. W. A Trans, of all the Greek, Latin, Ita- 
 ian, and French Quotations which occur in Blackstone's 
 Commentaries, <fcc. ; also in the Notes of Christian, Arch- 
 bold, and Williams, Lon., 1823, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, James* Laws of Jamaica, 1770-83, Kings 
 ton, 1786, 4to. 
 
 Jones, James. Sepulchrorum Inscriptiones ; or, A 
 Curious Collect, of Epitaphs in English Verse, Westm., 
 1727, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Rev. James. Eternal Prescience, Lon., 1828, 
 8vo. Suppressed by the Wesleyan Methodist Conference. 
 
 Jones, Jenkin. Poems, a novel, Ac., 1797, Ac. 
 
 Jones, Jenkin. Annuities, &c., Lon., 1843, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Jeremiah, 1693-1724, minister of a Dissent 
 ing congregation at Forest Green, Gloucester. 1. Vindic. 
 of the former part of St. Matthew's G,ospel from Mr. 
 Whiston's Charge of Dislocations, Lon., 1719, Svo ; Salop, 
 1721, 8vo ; Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1803. 
 
 This work is very valuable ; it abounds with ingenious remarks 
 and displays the critical acumen of the author." DR. HARWOOD. 
 
 " He successfully proved that our present Greek copies of that 
 Gospel are in the same order in which they were originally written 
 by that evangelist." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 This work is included in the following : 2. A New and 
 Full Method of settling the Canonical Authority of the 
 New Testament, Lon., 1726, 2 vols. Svo; vol. iii., 1727, 
 Svo ; Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1798, 3 vols. Svo ; 1827, 3 
 vols. Svo. 
 
 "Both these works, particularly the last, are very valuable. 
 Jones examines all the eminent testimonies respecting the canon 
 of the New Testament. He collects all the apocryphal books which 
 have been thought canonical, and gives an English translation of 
 them, and refutes their pretensions in a very able manner. It is 
 acknowledged by all parties to be a book of authority." Onne's 
 Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " Mr. Jones has brought together, with uncommon diligence, the 
 external evidence of the authenticity and genuineness of the canoni 
 cal books, and has, with equal ability and fairness, stated his reasons 
 for deciding against the authority of the apocryphal." MaUby's 
 Illustrations of the Truth of the Christian Religion. 
 
 " Mr. Jones has given us a complete enumeration of all the apo 
 cryphal books of the New Testament, and made a critical inquiry 
 into each of these books, with an English version of those of them 
 which are now extant, and a particular proof that none of them 
 were ever admitted into the Canon ; and he hath distinctly pro 
 duced and considered every testimony relating to them that is to 
 be found in any Christian writer or writers of the first four centu 
 ries after Christ." Leland's View of Deistical Writers. 
 
 " The best English work on the Canon of the New Testament." 
 
 BlCKERSTETH. 
 
 " With its contents every young minister ought to make himself 
 acquainted." Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 Jones intended to have prepared a vol. on the Apos 
 tolical Fathers. See Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ; Lon. Gent. 
 Mag., Ixxiii. 501. 
 
 Jones, Jezreel. 1. Dissertatio de Lingua Shilhensi, 
 Amst., 1715. 2. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1699. 
 
 Jones, John, author of The Art and Science of Pre 
 serving the Body and Soul in Health, Lon., 1579, 4to, and 
 other medical works, 1556-74, practised at Bath and Der 
 byshire. See Athen. Oxon. ; Aikin's Biog. Memoirs of 
 Med. 
 
 Jones, John, 1575-1636, an English Benedictine, 
 wrote Sacra Ars Memoriae, &c., Douay, 1623, Svo, Con- 
 ciliatio Locorum Communium totius Scripturae, 1623, and 
 edited and aided in some other works. See Athen. Oxon. ; 
 Dodd's Church Hist. 
 
 Jones, John. Adrasta; or, The Woman's Spleene 
 and Love's Conquest, a Tragi-Comedy, Lon., 1635, 4to. 
 
 Jones, John. Ovid's Invective, or Curse against Ibis, 
 trans, into English, Oxf., 1658, Svo. 
 
 Jones, John. Legal works, 1650, '51, 24mo. 
 
 Jones, John, M.D. Med. treatises, 1683-1701. 
 
 Jones, John. Conformity to Ch. of Eng., 16S4-1705. 
 
 Jones, John. Art of Spelling, Lon., 1704, 4to. 
 
 Jones, John. Serm., Oxf., 1728, Svo. 
 
 Jones, John, b. 1700, Rector of Boulne-Hurst, Bed 
 fordshire, pub. a few theolog. treatises, one of which Free 
 and Candid Disquisitions relating to the Ch. of England, 
 Lon., 1749, '50, Svo produced an animated controversy, 
 which lasted for several years. See Nichols's Lit. Anec.; 
 Lon. Gent. Mag., Ixxxi., Pt. 1, 510. 
 
 Jones, John, M.D., 1729-1791, an eminent physi 
 cian, a native of Jamaica, Long Island, a pupil of Dr. 
 Cadwallader, and the medical preceptor of Dr. Mease, 
 both of Philadelphia, practised in New York, in the 
 
JON- 
 
 American Army in 1755, and from 1780 to '91 in Phila 
 delphia. He was the physician of General Washington 
 and of Benjamin Franklin. Plain Remarks upon Wounds 
 and Fractures, 1755. After his death, a vol. containing 
 his surgical works, with an account of his life, was pub. 
 by Dr. Mease, 1795, 8vo. See Ramsay's Revolution; 
 Thacher's Amer. Med. Biog. 
 
 Jones, John. Poems, Lon., 1779, 4to. 
 
 Jones, John. Accurate Calculator, 1784, 4to. 
 
 Jones, John, LL.D., d. 1827, a Unitarian minister, 
 and subsequently a teacher in London, pub. Latin and 
 Greek Grammars, and a number of theolog. and philolo 
 gical works, of which the following are the best-known. 
 1. The Epist. of Paul to the Romans analyzed, Lon., 1802, 
 8vo. 2. Illustrations of the Four Gospels, Lon., 1 808, 8vo. 
 
 " Though the reader will often differ from Mr. Jones in the theo 
 logical opinions expressed in this work, he will frequently admire 
 the ingenuity which it displays, and regret that so much talent and 
 learning are so ill directed." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 3. Ecclesiastical Researches, 1812, 8vo. 4. Sequel to 
 the Researches, 1813, 8vo. 5. New Version of the Epistles 
 to the Coloss., Thessal., Timothy, Titus, and the General 
 Epist. of James, 1819, '20, 12mo. 
 
 " In many instances made to support the scheme of the modern 
 Socinians." Horne's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 See Eclectic Rev., N. S., xiv. 277-283. 
 
 6. A New Version of the first three Chap, of Genesis, 
 1819, 8vo. 
 
 " It discovers the genius, and also the distressing perversity, of 
 the learned writer." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 7. A Greek and English Lexicon, 1823, 8vo. 
 
 " This is a very valuable addition to the means of acquiring a 
 knowledge of Greek, not only of the classic writers, but of the 
 Scripture. It contains all the words of the New Testament and 
 of the Septuagint. ... It is, perhaps, not altogether free from the 
 bias of the author's theological creed." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " I have examined it again and again ; and I have no hesitation 
 in pronouncing it the work of a man of sense and a man of learning. 
 The usefulness of it is indisputable ; and my hope is that it will be 
 extensively known and justly valued." DR. PARR. 
 
 Also highly commended by the Eclec. Rev. for June, 
 1825, and the Congreg. Mag. for the same month. An 
 unfavourable notice of this work will be found in the 2d 
 No. of the Westminster Review. A school ed. of this 
 valuable Lexicon was pub. by the author. A biographical 
 account of Dr. Jones, and an account of his works, will be 
 found in the Lon. Gent. Mag. for April, 1827. 
 
 Jones, John. Medical, Philosophical, and Vulgar 
 Errors of various kinds refuted, Lon., 1797, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, John* Amatory Odes, Epistles, and Sonnets, 
 the productions of an uneducated youth, Lon., 1799, 8vo. 
 Anon. 
 
 Jones, John. Serm., 1812, 4to. 
 
 Jones, John, LL.D., 1772-1838, Barrister-at-Law of 
 London, a native of Derwydd, Caermarthenshire, an emi 
 nent scholar, pub. a trans, of Dr. Bugge's Travels in the 
 French Republic, from the Danish, Lon., 1801, 12mo ; 
 Cyfamod Newydd, or the Gospels trans, into Welsh from 
 the Greek, 181 8, 12mo ; and a Hist, of Wales, Svo. Of the 
 last work, an enlarged and corrected copy, intended for a 
 new ed., was found among his papers, and he also left in 
 MS. The Worthies of Wales, or Memoirs of Eminent An 
 cient Britons aad Welshmen, from Cassebelaunus to the 
 present time. A biographical notice of Dr. Jones will be 
 found in the Lon. Gent. Mag. for March, 1838. 
 
 Jones, John, of Indian River, Worcester county, 
 Maryland. New Species of Grape ; Trans. Amer. Soc., i. 
 406. 
 
 Jones, Rev. John, of Waterbeach. Scripture An 
 tiquities, Lon., 182 . 
 
 " Designed as an introductory help for the better understanding 
 of the Sacred Scriptures." Lowndes's Brit. Lib. 
 
 Jones, John, Archdeacon of Merioneth, and Rector 
 of Llanbedr. The Moral Tendency of Divine Revelation : 
 VIII. Discourses at Bampton Lect., 1821, Oxf., 1821, Svo. 
 
 Jones, John, an uneducated poet, patronized by 
 Southey, was b. in 1774, at Clearwell, Gloucestershire. 
 His Attempts at Verse, by John Jones, an Old Servant, 
 with an Account of his Life written by Himself, were pub. 
 in 1831, Svo, and also compose the Appendix to Southey's 
 Lives of Uneducated Poets, Lon., 1836, 12mo. In the 
 earlier part of the work will be found Southey's account 
 of John Jones, and his estimate of his poetical abilities. 
 Jones's vol. was reviewed in Edin. Rev., liv. 69-84. 
 
 Jones, John. The Book of the Prophet Isaiah, trans, 
 from the Hebrew text of Vander Hooght, Oxf. and Lon., 
 1830, 12mo. 
 
 " This version is made from the Hebrew text of Vander Hooght's 
 edition of the Bible, which may now be regarded as the received 
 Hebrew text. In the elucidation of obscurities, the translator has 
 diligently compared the versions and illustrations of Schmidt, Do 
 
 Dieu, Vltringa, Bishops Lowth and Stock, Dathe, Rosenmtiller, Ge- 
 senius, and others, and he states that he is indebted to the late dia 
 tinguished Orientalist, the Rev. Dr. Nicoll, for his kind and able 
 assistance." Horne's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " On the whole, we consider it to be a valuable specimen of trans 
 lation." Lon. Congreg. Mag., xiv. 357. 
 
 Jones, John, Head-Master of the Countess of Hare- 
 wood's school. 1. Theory and Practice of Notes of Lessons, 
 Lon., 1853, 12mo. 2. The Liturgical Class-Book, 1855, 
 12mo ; 2d ed. same year. 
 
 Jones, John B., b. 1810, at Baltimore, Md. 1. Wild 
 Western Scenes, Phila., 1849, 12mo: 50,000 copies issued 
 before 1856. 2. Book of Visions, 1847, 12mo. 3. Rural 
 Sports; a Poem, 1848. 4. The Western Merchant, 1848, 
 12mo. 5. The Rival Belles, 1852, 12mo. 6. Adventures 
 of Col. Vanderbomb, 1852, 12mo. 7. The Monarchist, 
 1853, 12mo. 8. Life and Adventures of a Country Mer 
 chant, 1854, 12mo. 9. Freaks of Fortune, 1854, 12mo. 
 10. Winkles, a humorous Tale, 1855, 12mo. An edition 
 of 5000 copies sold in a few months. 11. The War-Path: 
 The Second Series of Wild Western Scenes, 1856, 12mo. 
 This popular writer has been for a number of years con 
 nected with the press, and has recently (1857) established 
 a weekly paper in Philadelphia, entitled The Southern Mo 
 nitor, and devoted to the advocacy of Southern interests. 
 
 Jones, John Gale, d. 1838, aged 67, a surgeon and 
 apothecary of London, but more noted as a radical orator 
 and leader, pub. Observations on the Hooping Cough, 
 Lon., 1794, 8vo, and several political orations, letters, Ac., 
 1794-1806. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Aug. 1838. 
 
 Jones, John Hilton, b. 1827. 1. Guide to Bass, N.Y., 
 1853. 2. 66 Psalm Interludes, Bost., 1854. 3. Treat, on 
 Counterpoint, Bost, 1855. 4. Twelve Organ Voluntaries, 
 Bost., 1855. 5. Melodies for the Melodeon. 
 
 Jones, Sir John T., Colonel R.A. 1. Journal of the 
 Sieges of the Allies in Spain, 1811-12, Svo, 1814. 2. Ditto 
 from 1811-14, 3 vols. Svo, 184. 3. The War in Spain, 
 Portugal, and France, 1808-14, 8vo, 1818; 2d ed., 1821, 
 Svo. 
 
 Jones, John Winter, Keeper of the Printed Books 
 in the British Museum. 1. Hakluyt: Divers Voyages 
 touching the Discovery of America, edited : Hakluyt's So 
 ciety's publications. No. 7, 1850. 2. The Travels of Niccolo 
 Conti in the East, in the Early Part of the Fifteenth Cen 
 tury; translated from the original of Poggio Bracciolini, 
 with Notes: No. 2 in India in the Fifteenth Century; 
 Hakluyt Soc., 1858, Svo. 3. British Museum : A Guide 
 to the Printed Books Exhibited to the Public in the Gren- 
 ville Library and King's Library, 1858, p. 8vo, pp. 31. 
 
 Jones, Jonathan. Religious Liberty, Lon., Svo. 
 
 Jones, Rev. Joseph. Theological publications, Lon., 
 1840-53. 
 
 Jones, Joseph H., D.D., a Presbyterian minister of 
 Philadelphia. 1. Revivals of Religion, Phila., 1839. 2. 
 Influence of Physical Causes on Religious Experience, 
 1846, 18mo. 3. Life of Ashbel Green, D.D., N.York, 1849, 
 Svo. See GREEN, ASHBEL, V.D.M. 4. Serm. on the Death 
 of the Rev. C. C. Cuyler, D.D., 1850. Other serins., re 
 views, and essays, pub. separately. 
 
 Jones, L. T., Captain R.A. British Campaigns oa 
 the Continent in 1794, Binning., 1797, 4to. 
 
 Jones, Rev. Lewis A. Poem, Lon., 1760, 4to. 
 
 Jones, Miss Mary, of Oxford. Miscellanies in Prose 
 and Verse, Lon., 1752, Svo. 
 
 " She was a very ingenious poetess, and published a volume of 
 poems. . . . She was sister to the Rev. River Jones, Chanter of 
 Christ Church Cathedral at Oxford, and Johnson used to call her 
 the Chantress. I have heard him often address her in this passage 
 from II Penseroso : 
 
 " ' Thee, Chantress, oft the woods among I woo,' Ac. 
 
 " She died unmarried." THOMAS WHARTON, in Boswetts Life of 
 Johnson, Croker's ed., 1848, r. Svo, 108. 
 
 Jones, O., an uneducated journeyman woolcomber 
 and " Devonshire Poet." Poetic Attempts, Lon., 1786, Svo. 
 
 Jones, Oliver J., Captain R.N. Recollections of a 
 Winter Campaign in India in 1857-1858, Lon., 1858, r. Svo. 
 
 Jones, Owen, 1740-1814, pub. a valuable collection 
 of Welsh poetry and historical documents in 3 vols. 4to, 
 under the title of the Archaiology of Wales, the entire 
 works of the celebrated Cambrian bard Dafydds ab Gwilym, 
 and other productions, He also collected about sixty vols. 
 4to of unpub. Welsh poetry composed anterior to the year 
 1700. A notice of this zealous antiquary a furrier in 
 London will be found in the Lon. Retrospective Review, 
 1825, xi. 67. 
 
 Jones, Owen, an architect of London, b. in Wales 
 about 1809, deserves honourable mention for his magnificent 
 volumes, some of which have been already noticed by us. 
 See HUMPHREYS, HENRY NOEL, No. 3; IRVING, WASHING 
 TON, No. 9. We must also notice Mr. Jones's trans, from the 
 
JON 
 
 JON 
 
 French of Seroux d'Agincourt's History of Art by its 
 Monuments, from its Decline in the Fourth century to its 
 Restoration in the Sixteenth, illustrated by 3325 subjects 
 on 328 plates, 1847, 3 vols. in 1, r. fol. ; and Views on the 
 Nile from Cairo to the Second Cataract, from drawings 
 made on the spot by Owen Jones and M. Goury, 30 plates, 
 imp. fol. We also notice : 1. Designs for Mosaic and Tes- 
 selated Pavements, 1843, imp. 4to. 2. An Attempt to De 
 fine the Principles which should Regulate the Employment 
 of Colour in the Decorative Arts : ft Lecture, 1852. 3. An 
 Apology for the Colouring of the Greek Court, [Crystal 
 Palace, Sydenham,] &c. 4. The Grammar of Ornament: 100 
 fol. plates, 3000 examples, with text, 25 pts., 1856, 19 10*. 
 " The Grammar of Ornament is beautiful enough to be the horn 
 book of angels." Lon. Athenseum, April 4, 1857, 441, q. v. 
 
 Jones, Pascal. My Uncle Hobson and I; or, Dashes 
 at Life with a Free Broad- Axe, N. York, 12mo. 
 
 Jones, Philip. 1. Certaine Sermons, Lon., 1588, 8vo. 
 2. Certaine Briefe and Speciall Instructions for Gentle 
 men, Merchants, Ac. employed in seruices abrode, &c., 
 1589, 4to. Very rare; priced, some years since, 4 4s. 
 
 Jones, Philip. An Essay on Crookedness or Dis 
 tortions of the Spine of Children, Lon., 1788, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, R. Two Sermons, Matt, xxviii. 13, in The 
 Phenix, (Lon., 1707, 2 vols.) ii. 476. 
 
 Jones, R., Lieut, of Artillery. Treatise on Skating, 
 Lon., 1772, 8vo; new ed., 1855, 12ino. 
 
 Jones, R. Hist, of the French Bar, Officers, Courts, 
 &c., Lon., 1855, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Rice, 1715-1801, a Welsh poet, a native of 
 Merionethshire, pub. a collection of poetry from various 
 authors, ancient and modern, under the title of Welsh 
 Anthology, 1770, 4to. 
 
 Jones, Richard. 1. Instructions for Christians, 
 Lon., 1581, 8vo. 2. A Catechisme, 1589, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Richard. 1. Periochae in Novum Testamen- 
 tum Metris Britannicis, Lon., 1653, 8vo. 2. Abstract of 
 the Bible, digested into Cambrian Metrical Numbers, 1655, 
 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Richard. Serins, and an Essay, 1769-83. 
 Jones, Richard. Every Builder his own Surveyor, 
 1809, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Rev. Richard, Prof, of History and Political 
 Economy at the East India College, Herts, <te. 1. An 
 Essay on the Distribution of Wealth and on the Sources 
 of Taxation, Lon., 1831, 8vo. Part 1, new ed., 1844, p. 
 8vo. 
 
 "Perhaps it was hardly necessary to notice this work, which con 
 sists principally of a series of irrelevant and inapplicable criticisms 
 on the theory of rent as explained by Mr. Ricardo. It was reviewed 
 and fairly appreciated in an article in the 54th volume [84-99] of 
 the Edinburgh Review, to which we beg to refer such of our readers 
 as may wish for further information on the subject." McOuUoch's 
 Lit. of Polit. Econ., 33. 
 
 It was also reviewed in the 46th vol. of the Lon. Quar 
 terly Review, 81-117. 2. Lectures, Essays, and Literary 
 Remains, now first collected, with an Introductory Preface 
 by the Rev. W. Whewell, D.D., Master of Trin. Coll., 
 Camb., 1856, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Robert. Bookes of Songs, Ayres, Madrigals, 
 Ac., 1601, '07, '08, '09, '11. 
 
 Jones, Robert, D.D. Manual of Prayers, 1703, 8vo. 
 Jones, Robert. Fire-works, Lon., 1766, 8vo. 
 Jones, Robert, D.D. Serms. on the Commandments, 
 Ex. xx. 2-17, Lon., 1818, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Robert, M.D. 1. The State of Medicine, 
 Edin., 1781, 8vo. 2. Nervous Fevers, Salisb., 1789, 8vo. 
 Jones, Rowland. The Origin of Languages, Lon., 
 1764, 8vo. Postscript, 1767, 8vo. The author attempts 
 to prove that the Welsh was the primeval language. He 
 pub. several other philological works. See Watt's Bibl. 
 Brit 
 
 Jones, Samuel. Poetical Miscellanies, Lon., 1714, 
 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Samuel, and R. Varick. Laws of the State 
 of New York, Feb. 1778 to Mch. 1789, N. York, 1789, 2 
 vols. fol. 
 
 Jones, Samuel. Review of Haldane's Observations 
 on Forbearance, 1811, 12mo. 
 
 Jones, Silas. An Introduction to Legal Sciences, 
 N. York, 1842, 12mo. 
 
 Jones, Stephen, 1763-1827, has already been noticed 
 as editor of The Biographica Dramatica, in our notice of 
 DAVID ERSKINE BAKER, q. v. Jones was connected with 
 several periodicals, and pub. a number of works, among 
 which were Masonic Miscellanies, 1797, 12mo, an English 
 Dictionary, an edit, of Sheridan's Dictionary, (new ed. by 
 Birkin, 1839,) and a Biographical Dictionary, 2d ed., 1796, 
 12mo; 8th ed., 1840, 18mo. 
 990 
 
 ( A little work of great value for the accuracy of its dates and 
 for the neatness and precision of its style." DR. DRAKE. 
 
 "From careful observation while in England, I know that Jones's 
 notation [in his Dictionary of the English Langiiag-c] is far more 
 correct than that of Sheridan or Walker." NOAH WEBSTER : Pref. 
 to his Dictionary, Springfield. 1852, 4to. Ixii. See also Lon. Gent. 
 Mag., Jan. 1828. 
 
 Jones, T. Dramas and Poems, Lon., 1805-08, Ac. 
 
 Jones, T. The Sons ; a Tragic Play, Lon., 1809, 12mo. 
 
 Jones, T. Reform of Special Pleading, Lon., 1850. 
 
 Jones, T. Percy. See AYTOUN, WM. EDMONDS- 
 
 TOUNE. 
 
 Jones, T. Rupert. See MANTELL, GIDEON A. 
 
 Jones, T. Wharton, Prof, of Ophthalmic Medicine 
 and Surgery in University College, London. 1. Manual 
 of Pharmacology, Lon., 18mo. 2. Manual of Ophthalmic 
 Medicine and Surgery, 1847, fp. 8vo; 2d ed., 1855, fp. 8vo 
 1st Amer. ed. by Isaac Hays, M.D., Phila., 1847, 12mo ; 
 2d Amer. ed. from the 2d Lon. ed., by Edward Hartshorne, 
 M.D., 1856, 12mo. 
 
 The work is marked by that correctness, clearness, and preci 
 sion of style which distinguish all the productions of the learned 
 author." Brit, and For. Med. Rev. 
 
 " We can assure students that they cannot meet with a hand-book 
 on this subject that is more ably or more carefully written." Lon. 
 Med. Gazette. 
 
 3. The Wisdom and Beneficence of the Almighty as dis 
 played in the Sense of Vision; being the Actonian Prize 
 Essay for 1851, 12mo, 1851. 
 
 A fit sequel to the Bridgewater Treatises : it is philosophically 
 and admirably written." Lon. Literary Gazette. 
 
 This treatise resembles in style of treatment the famous Bridge- 
 water Treatises." Lon. Athenaeum. 
 
 4. Defects of Sight: their Natural Causes, Prevention, 
 and General Management, Lon., 1856. 5. Catechism of 
 the Medicine and Surgery of the Eye and Ear, 1857, 12mo. 
 6. Editor of 3d ed. of Dr. W. Mackenzie's Prac. Treat, on 
 Diseases of the Eye; with an Appendix, 1839, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Theophilus, or Thomas. Treatises against 
 Romanism, Lon., 1678, '82, &c. 
 
 Jones, Theophilus. A Hist, of the County of 
 Brecknock, Breck., 1805-09, 3 vols. 4to, 7 9s. 6d. 
 
 " A work of great labour and research, containing a great mass 
 of information not always communicated in the most pleasing 
 form." Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 Jones, Thomas. Prolus. Academicos, Oxf., 1660, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Thomas. Welsh and English Dictionary, 
 Lon., 1688, 12mo; Shrewsb., 1777, 12mo. 
 
 Jones, Sir Thomas, a Judge of the King's Bench 
 under Charles II. and James II., is best known by his 
 Reports K. B. and C. P., 19 Car. II. to 1 Jac. II., 1667-85. 
 In French, Lon., 1695, fol.; French and English, 1729, fol. 
 Cited as Second Jones to distinguish it from Sir William 
 (First) Jones's Reports. 
 
 "It is a work, I believe, of very reputable authority." Wallace's 
 Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 217, q. v. 
 
 Printed at the end of Jones's Reports will be found his 
 Argument in the Exchequer Chamber in the Earl of Derby's 
 Case. Sir Thomas also pub. The Rise and Progress of the 
 Honourable Society of Ancient Britons, with cuts,1717,8vo. 
 
 Jones, Thomas. Diseases of Women, 1740, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Rev. Thomas, of Southwark. Works : Dis 
 courses and Serms., with a Pref. by Rev. Wni. Romaine, 
 Lon., 1763, 8vo; 4th ed., 1775, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Rev. Thomas. Beauties of the Poets, 1777. 
 
 Jones, Thomas. Con. to Med. Com., 1785. 
 
 Jones, Thomas, M.P. Speech, Lon., 1800, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Thomas, 1756-1807, Head-Tutor Trin. Coll., 
 Camb., 1787-1807, pub. a Serin, on Duelling, Lon., 1792, 
 4to, and an Address to the Volunteers of Montgomeryshire. 
 See Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
 Jones, Thomas, Rector of Creaton. 1. Scripture 
 Directory, Lon., 1811, 8vo; 8th ed., 1839, 12mo. 2. Jonah's 
 Portrait, 1818, 12mo; 9th ed., 1845, fp. 8vo. 
 
 "A very edifying work." BickerstetKs C. S. 
 
 3. The True Christian j 5th ed., 1844, sq. 4. The Pro 
 digal's Pilgrimage, 1831, 12mo; new ed., 1847, 16mo. 5. 
 Sober Views of the Millennium, 1835, 12mo. 6. Fountain 
 of Life; 3d ed., 1848, 16mo. 7. Notes of 55 Serms. of his, 
 edited by Rev. John Owen, 1851, 12mo. 
 
 " Its contents are very interesting and valuable, expressed in lan 
 guage simple, concise, and energetic." Editor's Preface. 
 
 See Mr. Owen's Memoir of Mr. Jones, 1851, 12mo ; 2d 
 ed., 1853, 12mo. 
 
 Jones, Rev. Thomas. Eccles. Liberality, 1812. 
 
 Jones, Thomas. The Mediation of Jesus Christ, 
 Lon., 1828, 8vo ; 3d ed., 1832, 8vo. 
 
 " Of every section and of every sentence In this book, It may bo 
 truly said, ' Jesus Christ is all in all.' It is, in fact, a beautiful epi 
 tome of the gospel." W. THORP, T. WINTER, W. LUCY, and T. Jto- 
 BERTS, Bristol; with recommendations also by George Cubitt and 
 W. M. Harvard, Wesleyan Ministers. 
 
JON 
 
 Jones, Rev. Thomas. The Interpreter : a Summary 
 View of the Revelation of St. John, Lon., 1836, 12mo. 
 This is founded on the Rev. Henry Gauntlett's Expository 
 Discourses on the Book of Revelation : see p. 656 of this 
 Dictionary. 
 
 "This is a useful little volume on a difficult subject. Although 
 we could have wished that it had less reference to modern events 
 and kept to the admirable and sober views of Bishop Newton, yet 
 it may be safely recommended as, on the whole, a cheap and valu 
 able exposition." ion. Chris. Rememb., Nov. 1836, 665. 
 
 Jones, Thomas. 1. Irish Excheq. Reports, 1835-37, 
 Dubl., I vol. and 2 Pts. 8vo. 2. With E. Hayes, do., 
 1831-32, 3 Pts. 8vo. 3. With H. Carey, 1838-39, 2 Pts. 
 8vo. 4. With E. D. Latouchere, Irish Chancery Reports, 
 1844-46, 3 Pts. 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Thomas Rymer, Prof, of Comparative Ana 
 tomy in King's College, London, late Fullerian Prof, of 
 Physiology, Royal Institution. 1. A General Outline of the 
 Animal Kingdom, and Manual of Comparative Anatomy, 
 nearly 350 illustrations, 1841, 8vo, 38.; r. 8vo, 3 16s. ; 
 imp. 8vo, 5 14s. ; 2d. ed., 1855, 8vo, 31 . 6d. 
 
 " In the mean time we may state and we do so without detract 
 ing from the merits of other works that the general outline of the : 
 Animal Kingdom is, in our opinion, the best work of the kind in j 
 auy language." Edinburgh Monthly Journal of Medical Science, 
 May, 1841. Commended also by Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 2. Lects. on the Nat. Hist, of Animals : vol. i., 1844, 8vo; 
 ii., 1852, p. 8vo j illustrations. This work is not yet com 
 pleted, (1858.) 
 
 "Combining in a very felicitous manner the useful with the 
 agreeable." Lon. Atlas. 
 
 3. The Aquarian Naturalist, 1858. See Lon. Athen., 
 1858, Pt. 2, 301. 
 
 Jones, Thomas Snell, D.D., Minister of Lady Glen- 
 orchy's Chapel, Edin. 1. 20 Serins., Edin., 1816, 8vo. 
 
 "For an accurate knowledge of human nature, exact observa 
 tion, and just deductions, for richness of scriptural truth and purity 
 of doctrinal views, for ministerial faithfulness and practical utility, 
 we can refer our readers to few books more appropriately than to 
 this production of Dr. Jones." Edin. Chris. Instructor. 
 
 See also Eclec. Rev. for Sept. 1816. 2. The Life of the 
 Viscountess Glenorchy: see GLENORCHY, WILLIELMA, VIS 
 COUNTESS. 
 
 Jones, W. The Art of Music, Lon., 1786, fol. 
 Jones, W. C. Revised Statutes of Missouri, StLouis, 
 1845, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, Walter, D.D., Chaplain-in-Ordinary. 1. As 
 size Serm., 1720, 8vo. 2. XVII. Serms., 1741, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, William. 1. Sixe Bookes of Politickes; from 
 the Latin of Lipsius, Lon., 1594, 4to. 2. Nennio, or A 
 Treatise of Nobility ; from the Italian of Sir J. B. Nenna, 
 1595, 4to. 
 
 Jones, William, D.D. 1. Serm. on the Nativity, 
 Lon., 1614, 4to. 2. Treat, of Patience in Tribulation, 
 1625, 4to. 
 
 Jones, William, D.D., of Cambridge. A Comment, 
 on the Epistles to Philemon and Hebrews, and on the II. 
 and III. Epistles of St. John, 1635, fol. 
 
 Jones, Sir William, M.P., 1566-1640, a native of 
 Caernarvon, Wales, educated at Oxford, was admitted to 
 the principal Society of Lincoln's Inn in 1587 j Chief- 
 Justice of the K.B. in Ireland, 1617; Judge of the C.P. 
 in England, 1620 j transferred to the K.B., 1624. Reports 
 K.B., C.P., Dom. Proc., and Ex. Ch., 18 Jac. I.-17 Car. I., 
 1620-41. In French, Lon., 1675, fol. Cited as First 
 Jones, to distinguish it from Sir Thomas (Second) Jones's 
 Reports. Sir William Jones's Reports is a book of au 
 thority ; although to quote from Lord Nottingham there 
 is "no book of law so ill corrected or so ill printed." See 
 Wallace's Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 185, Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 
 428, and authorities cited in both of these vols. 
 Jones, William. A Poem, Lon., 1691, fol. 
 Jones, William, 1680-1749, a very eminent mathe 
 matician, the friend of Sir Isaac Newton, Halley, and 
 Mead, the tutor of Lords Hardwicke and Mansfield, and 
 still greater distinction the father of Sir William Jones, 
 was a native of the island of Anglesey, North Wales, and 
 a mathematical teacher in London. 1. A New Compen 
 dium of the Whole Art of Navigation, Lon., 1702, 8vo. 
 2. Synopsis Palmariorum Mathesos ; or, A New Introduc 
 tion to the Mathematics, 1746, 8vo. This is a valuable 
 summary of mathematical science. 
 
 "This work is well worthy of attentive perusal." DR. P. YOUNO 
 Mr. Jones also contributed several mathemat. papers to 
 Phil. Trans., pub. a number of Sir Isaac Newton's papers 
 (that might otherwise have been lost) under the title of 
 Analysis per Quantitatum Series Fluxiones, ac Difleren- 
 tias; cum Enumeratione Linearum Tertii Ordinis, 1711, 
 4to : and, at the time of his death, had ready for the press 
 an Introduction to the Mathematics, more comprehensive 
 
 JON 
 
 than his Synopsis, which was confided to Lord Maccles- 
 field for publication, and was neglected or lost. To this 
 gentleman Mr. Jones devised his mathematical library, 
 which was said to be the best in England. The work un 
 fortunately lost or destroyed was intended to serve as an 
 introduction to the mathematical and philosophical works 
 of Sir Isaac Newton. See Lord Teignmouth's Life of Sir 
 William Jones ; Hutton's Diet. ; Nichols's Lit. Anec. 
 
 Jones, William, M.D. Longitude, Lon., 1780, 4to. 
 
 Jones, William. Account of Highwaymen, Lon., 
 1774, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, William, of Nayland, 1726-1800, a native 
 of Northamptonshire, was educated at the Charter House 
 and at University College, Oxford ; Vicar of Bethersden, 
 Kent, 1764 ; subsequently Rector of Pluckley, (which he 
 exchanged for Paston ;) Perpetual Curate of Nayland, 
 and, in 1798, Rector of Hollingbourn. "Jones of Nay- 
 land," or " Trinity Jones," as he is sometimes called, was 
 eminent for learning, piety, and zeal, and his knowledge 
 of music, of which he was an excellent composer. As a 
 theologian, he belonged to the Hutchinsonian school, and 
 was the means of converting his friend Bishop Home to 
 the same creed. He has the credit of having originated 
 The British Critic. A collective ed. of his Theological, 
 Philosophical, and Miscellaneous Works, with his Life, by 
 Wm. Stevens, was pub. in 1801, 12 vols. 8vo; Theological 
 and Miscellaneous Works, repub., with Life, by Wm. Ste 
 vens, 1810, 6 vols. 8vo; a vol. of his Serms., Practical, 
 Doctrinal, and Explanatory, was pub. in 1829, 8vo ; two 
 posthumous vols. (8vo) of Serms. on various subjects and 
 occasions, now first pub. from the original MSS., edited 
 by the Rev. Henry Walker, appeared in 1830. There have 
 been recent eds. of several of his works. A Life of Jones 
 of Nayland was pub. in 1849, fp. 8vo. Among the best- 
 known of his publications are : 1. Answer to Bishop Clay 
 ton's Essay on Spirit, 1753 : see CLAYTON, ROBERT. 2. 
 The Catholic Doctrine of the Trinity Proved, tc., 1756. 
 He subsequently published several other treatises in de 
 fence of the doctrine of the Trinity. 
 
 " One of the most satisfactory defences of that fundamental doc 
 trine, on the simple testimony of the Holy Scriptures." Bicker- 
 steth's C. & 
 
 " His tracts on the Trinity are invaluable." Williams' s C. P. 
 
 3. Natural Philosophy, 1762, 4to. 4. Physiological Dis 
 quisitions, 1781, 4to. 5. Lects. on the Figurative Lan- 
 fuage of the Holy Scriptures, Ac., 1786, 8vo ; 6th ed., 1821, 
 vo ; new ed., 1849, 18mo. 
 
 " His rules are either ambiguous or indefinite ; and, according to 
 his principles, a lively imagination may make any thing out of the 
 plainest parts of Scripture. More satisfaction will be found in a 
 single section of Glassius than in the whole of Mr. Jones's volume." 
 Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 "His Figurative Language of Scripture, Book of Nature, and 
 other practical works, are (notwithstanding the excess of figurative 
 interpretation) interesting and useful." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 " His Lectures on the Figurative Language of Scripture are full 
 of instruction. . . . His Sermons are grievously deficient in Evan 
 gelical sentiment." Williams' s C. P. 
 
 "Valuable and pious Lectures [on the Figurative Language of 
 Scripture]." Home's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 " These Lectures constitute, in our opinion, one of the most inge 
 nious and valuable Works of their Author : they are at once calcu 
 lated to illustrate and enforce scriptural truths, to throw new light 
 upon some doubtful passages, to enlarge the understanding, to affect 
 the heart and conscience, and stimulate to upright and holy con 
 duct." Eclectic Rev., Aug. 1809. 
 
 " One of the most interesting works that can be presented to the 
 young Christian." Grant's English Church. 
 
 6. The Scholar armed against the Errors of the Time, 
 1792, 2 vols. 8vo. These vols. are composed of a number 
 of dissertations, extracts, <fcc. collected by Mr. Jones and 
 pub. in this shape. 
 
 " These two volumes may be considered as a library in themselves 
 to any young student of the Church of England, and no such per 
 son who takes a fancy to what he there finds can ever fall into Sc- 
 cinianism, Fanaticism, Popery, or any of those other modern corrup 
 tions which infest this Church and nation." Jones's Life of Bishop 
 Home. 
 
 7. The Life of Bishop Home, 1795, 8vo : see HOKNE, 
 GEORGE, D.D. 8. Zoologia Ethica, 1771, 8vo. 
 
 We have spoken of Mr. Jones as a proficient in music : 
 he pub. several treatises on this subject, and his own an 
 thems, in score, <fec., were greatly admired. See his Life 
 by Wm. Stevens, first printed in the Anti-Jacobin Review, 
 and subsequently prefixed to his works, (supra.) 
 
 " His works contain many things learned, ingenious, and fanci 
 ful." Orme's Bibl. Bib. 
 
 "A clear, able, and pious writer, though prejudiced against Cal 
 vinism." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 "This eminent Hutchinsonian was the personal friend of Park- 
 hurst and of Bishop Home; and in talents and learning was at 
 least equal to either of them. ... He was a good man, an honest 
 patriot, an unbending Churchman, and a valuable writer ; but he 
 sometimes suffered his imagination and love of allegory to overcome 
 his better judgment." WuHams's C. P. 
 
 991 
 
JON 
 
 JON 
 
 " One of the soundest philosophers and most devout Christians 
 that the history of our church can boast of." SWAI>*SO: Discourse 
 on Natural History. 
 
 " Of this faithful servant of God I can speak both from personal 
 knowledge and from his writings. He was a man of quick pene 
 tration, of extensive learning, and the soundest piety ; and he had, 
 beyond any other man I ever knew, the talent of writing upon the 
 deepest subjects to the plainest understandings." BISHOP HOBS- 
 LEY: Charges. 
 
 Jones, Sir William, Sept. 28, 1746-April 24, 1794, 
 one of the most illustrious characters on the page of his 
 tory, was a native of London, and a son of the eminent 
 mathematician of the same name whose remarkable at 
 tainments in his favourite science we have already com 
 memorated. The learning of the family was not confined 
 to either of these persons, for the mother of Sir William 
 was also noted for her erudition, as well as for the virtues 
 and accomplishments more usual to her sex. That the 
 successful pursuit of knowledge detracted nothing from 
 the latter more valuable recommendations, we have the 
 unequivocal testimony of her husband : 
 
 " She was virtuous without blemish ; generous without extrava 
 gance ; frugal but not niggard ; cheerful but not giddy ; close but 
 not sullen; ingenious but not conceited; of spirit but not passion 
 ate ; of her company cautious ; in her friendship trusty ; to her 
 parents dutiful; and to her husband ever faithful, loving, and 
 obedient." 
 
 Thus did this excellent woman as evinced in the lines 
 just quoted, and in her future happy experience secure 
 the reward promised by inspiration and recorded by the 
 wisest of men : "Her children rise up and call her blessed ; 
 her husband also, and he praiseth her." It was to the sole 
 charge of such a mother that William Jones was left, by 
 the decease of his father, when he had scarcely reached his 
 third year. He early manifested an ardent thirst for know 
 ledge, which his maternal instructor well knew how to turn 
 into profitable channels : 
 
 " The mother of Sir William Jones, having formed a plan for the 
 education of her son, withdrew from great connexions, that she 
 might live only for that son. Her great principle of education was 
 to excite curiosity ; the result could not fail to be knowledge. ' Read 
 and you will know,' she constantly replied to her filial pupil. And 
 we have his own acknowledgment that to this maxim, which pro 
 duced the habit of study, he was indebted for his future attain 
 ments." Disraeli on the Literary Character, ed. Lon., 1840, 441. 
 
 When he had completed his seventh year, he was placed 
 at Harrow School, under the tuition of Dr. Thackeray; and 
 this rigid preceptor, so economical of his commendations 
 in the presence of his best pupils, did not hesitate to de 
 clare in private that William Jones 
 
 " Was a boy of so active a mind, that, if he were left naked and 
 friendless on Salisbury Plain, he would nevertheless find the road 
 to fame and riches." 
 
 This eulogium was endorsed by Dr. Sumner, Thackeray's 
 successor in 1761, so that when Jones was entered of 
 University College, Oxford, in the spring of 1764, great 
 expectations were reasonably entertained of his future 
 distinction. His fond mother would not consent to a se 
 paration, which would have been equally distressing to 
 the object of her devoted attachment, and, to the great joy 
 of William, now in his eighteenth year, she accompanied 
 him to Oxford. During his short residence at this famous 
 seat of learning to which he brought far more learning 
 than the majority of graduates carry from it he applied 
 himself so assiduously to his studies, that his health would 
 probably have been undermined for life, had he not taken 
 care to vary the seclusion of the closet with the athletic 
 exercises in which he was a distinguished proficient. In 
 these amusements, whilst yet at Harrow, which Jones 
 also pressed into the service of classic learning by giving 
 them a dramatic character his principal associates were 
 William Bennet, afterward Bishop of Cloyne, and Samuel 
 Parr, the equally famous "Birmingham Doctor." The 
 fame of young Jones's erudition having reached the ears 
 of Earl Spencer, he sent him an invitation to become an 
 inmate of his family in the capacity of tutor to Lord 
 Althorpe, then seven years of age. This proposal was 
 accepted, and in the summer of 1765 he removed to Wim 
 bledon Park, where he found himself most pleasantly situ 
 ated in the midst of kind friends, and with ample oppor 
 tunities of pursuing his favourite researches into Oriental 
 literature. A Fellowship at Oxford conferred upon him 
 in the course of the following summer was an agreeable 
 addition to the substantial comforts which now rewarded 
 the studious zeal for which he had been distinguished from 
 his earliest years. In 1767, and again in 1770, he visited 
 the Continent with the Spencer family, and whilst there 
 eagerly availed himself of the literary opportunities which 
 the absence of engrossing occupations now permitted him 
 freely to enjoy. On his return to England, he determined 
 to embrace the profession of the law; and we find him on 
 the 19th of September, 1770, duly recorded as a student 
 
 of the Temple, where he soon evinced the same thirst for 
 the acquisition of legal knowledge which previously sti 
 mulated his philological and other less abstruse investiga 
 tions. He was admitted to the Bar in 1774, and appointed 
 a Commissioner of Bankrupts in 1776. As early as 1763 
 he had gained great reputation by a translation, made at 
 the request of the King of Denmark, of the Life of Nadir 
 Shah, from an Eastern MS. into the French language. 
 This, together with Pieces relative to the French transla 
 tion, Ac., was pub. in 1770, London, 2 vols. 4to. Disser 
 tation sur la Litterature Orientale was pub. in 1771, 8vo, 
 and in the same year appeared his Grammar of the Per 
 sian Language, 4to. The 7th ed. was pub. 1S09, 4to, and 
 in this ed. (and in that pub. in 1804, also edited by Dr. 
 Charles Wilkins) the orthography is adapted to the mode 
 of spelling adopted by Dr. Wilkins in his improved ed. of 
 Kichardson's Persian Dictionary. The Grammar will be 
 found in vol. v. of the 8vo ed. of Jones's Works, (13 vols. j) 
 but the last and best eds. are those by Professor Samuel 
 Lee, of Cambridge, 1823, 4to, and 1828, 4to. In 1772, 8vo, 
 (2d ed. 1777, 8vo,) he gave to the world Poems, consisting 
 chiefly of Translations from the Asiatic Language; in 
 1774, 8vo, Poeseos Asiaticae, <fcc., or, Commentaries (in 
 Latin) on the Asiatic Poetry; and in 1778, 4to, a trans., 
 with Notes, of the Speeches of Isaeus from the Greek. 
 
 " It is almost impossible to overlook the excellence of this finished 
 performance." DR. ADAM CLARKE. 
 
 The last work was followed by a Latin Ode to Liberty, 
 to which succeeded the proximity is somewhat amusing 
 a matter-of-fact Inquiry into the Legal mode of sup 
 pressing Riots. In the next year 1781, 8vo appeared 
 his learned Essay on the Law of Bailments, which is now 
 more valued as a literary than as a legal production, and 
 which perhaps even an American and a layman may be 
 permitted to remark is far inferior to Judge Story's great 
 work on the same subject. Jones's Essay, however, is 
 not to be denied considerable merit; and Judge Story 
 wrote under a better comprehension of the subject as a 
 branch of the Common Law than was attainable in the 
 days of his predecessor. The 2d ed. of Jones's Essay, 
 edited by John Balmanno, was pub. in 1798; the 3d, by 
 J. Nicholl, in 1823; the 4th, by W. Theobald, in 1834. 
 The Amer. eds. are, the reprint of the 2d English ed., 
 Brattleborough, 1813, 12mo; of the 3d English ed., with 
 addit. Notes and References, by W. Halstead, N. York, 
 1828, 8vo; and an ed. pub. in Phila., 1836, 8vo. See 25 
 Lon. Monthly Rev., 236; Ixvi. 298; 2 Amer. Jur., 78; vii. 
 137; 6N. Amer. Rev., 46, (by Judge Joseph Storv;) xxxvi. 
 408, (by Dr. Chas. Follen;) Bridg. Leg. Bibl., 176; 7 Leg. 
 Obs., 117; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 429; Story's Miscell. 
 Writings, 68, 75, 204, 239. We know of nothing that we 
 can quote in this connexion so much to our purpose, so 
 strictly pertinent, as the glowing tribute of Mr. Justice 
 Story to the merits of his illustrious brother of the law : 
 
 " The doctrine of bailments (which lies at the foundation of the 
 law of shipments') was almost struck out at a single heat by Lord 
 Holt, [Note: The case of Coggs v. Bernard, 2 Ld. Raym. R. 909,] 
 who had the good sense to incorporate into the English code that 
 system which the- text and the commentaries of the civil law had 
 already built up on the continent of Europe. What remained to 
 give perfect symmetry and connection to all the parts of that sys 
 tem, and to refer it to its principles, has been accomplished in our 
 times by the incomparable Essay of Sir William Jones, a man of 
 whom it is difficult to say which is most worthy of admiration, the 
 splendour of his genius, the rareness and extent of his acquire 
 ments, or the unspotted purity of his life. Had he never written 
 any thing but his Essay on Bailments, he would have left a name 
 unrivalled in the common law for philosophical accuracy, elegant 
 learning, and finished analysis. Even cold and cautious as is the 
 habit, if not the structure, of a professional mind, it is impossible 
 to suppress enthusiasm when we contemplate such a man." ^forth- 
 American Review, vi. 46-47, Nov. 1817; and in Story's Miscett. 
 Writings, 1852, 67-68. 
 
 In March, 1783, Mr. Jones was appointed a judge of the 
 Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William, and received 
 the honour of knighthood, and about the same time a 
 happiness which perhaps he valued more than either of 
 the instances of good fortune just named he was married 
 to Anna Maria Shipley, eldest daughter of the Bishop of 
 St. Asaph. His friends were rejoiced to see his eminent 
 merit not unsuitably rewarded, and Lord Ashburton con 
 gratulated him on having at once secured " two of the 
 first objects of human pursuit, those of ambition and 
 love." 
 
 In April, 1783, Sir William Jones and his lady embarked 
 for India, and arrived at Calcutta in the month of Sep 
 tember. That ardour in the pursuit of knowledge which 
 was one of his most distinguishing characteristics was 
 not allowed to slumber in his adopted home. He called 
 around him those who were likely to sympathize with his 
 interest in the cause of learning, and in nine months after 
 
JON 
 
 JON 
 
 his arrival bad the satisfaction of establishing a society, 
 the " Transactions" of which bave added greatly to our 
 knowledge of Asiatic literature and science. Before hia j 
 departure be had exhibited his knowledge of an abstruse 
 department of Oriental literature by his translations into 
 English of an Arabian poem on tbe Mohammedan Law 
 of Succession to the Property of Intestates, (1782, 4to,) 
 and of Tbe Moallakat, or Seven Ancient Arabian Poems, 
 (1783, 4toj) and he now determined to qualify himself, by 
 acquiring a knowledge of the Sanskrit, for the preparation 
 of a digest of Hindu and Mohammedan Laws, similar to 
 that which Justinian gave to his Greek and Roman sub 
 jects. The year 1789 was made memorable in Anglo- 
 India literary annals by the publication of the first volume 
 of tbe Asiatic Researches, and the completion of Sir 
 William Jones's translation of Sacontala, or The Fatal 
 Ring, [Sakoontala; or, The Lost Ring?] an ancient Indian 
 drama by Kalid&sa. This was not pub., however, until the 
 appearance of the collective ed. of Sir William's Works, 
 in 1799, 6 vols. 4to. In 1794, 8vo, (2d ed., 1797, 8vo,) 
 he pub., as an institute prefatory to his larger work, a 
 trans, of the Ordinances of Menu, " who is esteemed by | 
 the Hindus the first of created beings, and not only the 
 oldest, but the holiest, of legislators." Sir William had 
 intended in the following year (1795) to follow Lady Jones, 
 who had been compelled by ill-health to return to England 
 in 1793; but it was not so written. On the evening of the 
 20th of April, or about that date, exposure to the night- 
 air during a protracted ramble brought on an inflamma 
 tion of the liver, which resulted fatally within a week. 
 Thus died, far away from home, and separated from her 
 whose presence could best have soothed the pangs of a 
 dying hour, this illustrious Englishman, ere he had num 
 bered forty-eight years, during one-fourth of which he 
 had enjoyed a reputation for scholarship unequalled by 
 any one living. Buthe'was not alone : his excellent friend 
 Lord Teignmouth closed his eyes in death, and the God 
 whom he had long served in fervency of faith and humi 
 lity of spirit did not forget him in the time of weakness 
 and the hour of trial : 
 
 " His bodily suffering," says his lordship, " from the complacency 
 of his features and the ease of his attitude, could not have been 
 severe ; and his mind must have derived consolation from those 
 sources where he had been in the habit of seeking it, and where 
 alone, in our last moments, it can ever be found." 
 
 His remains were interred in the burial-ground at Cal 
 cutta ; but a stately monument to his memory arrests the 
 thoughtful attention of the visitor to St. Paul's Cathedral. 
 The testimony of Sir William Jones to the authenticity 
 and inspiration of the Holy Scriptures, and the weight and 
 value of the sanctions and the consolations by which they 
 appeal to the mind and heart of man, is of peculiar value. 
 Profoundly versed in the languages in which they were 
 originally written, and skilled to a surprising extent in the 
 peculiarities of Oriental literature, starting moreover, 
 when a young man, with a skeptical bias against tbe claims 
 of revelation, the conclusion to which his mind was 
 brought by his researches is thus told in his own words: 
 
 " I have regularly and attentively read the Holy Scriptures, and 
 am of opinion that this volume, independent of its divine origin, 
 contains more sublimity and beauty, more pure morality, more im 
 portant history, and finer strains of poetry and eloquence, than 
 can be collected from all other books, in whatever language or age 
 they may have been composed." 
 
 This will remind the reader very forcibly of the remark 
 of the illustrious friend of Sir William Jones's father, Sir 
 Isaac Newton : 
 
 "I find more sure marks of the authenticity of the Bible than hi 
 any profane history whatever." 
 
 With us, we confess, such evidence is irresistible ; and 
 certain it is that if the testimony of these great men, or 
 of either of them, had leaned to the other side of the 
 question, we should never have heard the last of it from 
 unbelievers. 
 
 A collective ed. of the works of this eminent scholar 
 was pub. by his friend Lord Teignmouth, in 1799, in 6 
 vols. 4to; to these were added two supplementary volumes, 
 in 1801, and a Life by Lord Teignmouth in 1804; in all, 
 9 vols. 4to. The whole were reprinted in 1807, in 13 vols. 
 8vo, with the exception of the supplementary volumes, the 
 contents of which were not written by Sir William, but 
 consist of a reprint of such parts of the vols. of the Asiatic 
 Researches pub. under his presidency as had not been 
 inserted among his works. The contents of the 13 vols. 
 of which Sir William Jones's works consist are as follows : 
 I., II. Memoirs of the Author, by Lord Teignmouth. 
 III. Lord Teignmouth's Discourse at a Meeting of the 
 Asiatic Society, [on the decease of Sir William Jones;] 
 Anniversary Discourses (XI.) before the Asiatic Society, 
 
 1784-94. On the Hindus, the Arabs, the Tartars, the 
 Persians, the Chinese, the Borderers, Ac. of Asia; the 
 origin and families of nations, Asiatic history, and the 
 philosophy of the Asiatics. A dissert on tbe orthogra 
 phy of Asiatic words in Roman letters. On the gods of 
 Greece, Italy, and India. IV. On the Chronology of the 
 Hindus. Antiquity of the Indian Zodiack. On the Lite 
 rature of the Hindus; from tbe Sanscrit. On the second 
 classical book of the Chinese. The lunar year of the 
 Hindus. Tbe musical modes of tbe Hindus. On the 
 mystical poetry of the Persians and Hindus. Gitagovinda; 
 or. The Song of Jayadeva. Remarks on the Island of 
 Hinzuan. Conversation concerning the city of Gwender. 
 On the course of the Nile. On the Indian game of Chess. 
 Indian grant of land. Inscriptions. Cure of the Ele 
 phantiasis, Ac. Tales and Fables by Nizami, [translated.] 
 V. The design of a treatise on the plants of India. On 
 the Spikenard of the Ancients, with a Supp. by W. Rox 
 burgh, M.D. On the fruit of the Mellori. Catalogue of 
 Indian Plants. A Grammar of the Persian Language. A 
 catalogue of the most valuable books in the Persian Lan 
 guage. Index to the Persian Grammar, [A Vocabulary.] 
 The Hist, of the Persian Language. VI. Poeseos Asiaticse 
 Coinmentariorum, libri vi., cum appendicesubjicitur Limon, 
 seu miscellaneorum liber. VII. Charges to the Grand 
 Jury at Calcutta, 1783-92. Institutes of Hindu Laws; 
 or, The Ordinances of Menu, according to the Gloss, of 
 Calluca. VIII. Institutes of Menu, continued. The 
 Mohammedan Law of Succession to Property of Intestates. 
 The Mohammedan Law of Inheritance. An Essay on the 
 Law of Bailments. An Inquiry into the Legal Mode of 
 Suppressing Riots. Speech on the Reformation of Par 
 liament. The Principles of Government. Character of 
 Lord Ashburton. IX. The Speeches of Isaeus, Ac., [trans 
 lated,] with Notes and Commentary. Sacontala, or The 
 Fatal Ring; an Indian drama, by Calidas, trans, from 
 the original Sanscrit X. The Moallakat; or, Seven 
 Arabian Poems, which were suspended on the Temple at 
 Mecca. Poems, consisting chiefly of translations from the 
 Asiatic languages ; to which are added two essays : 1. On 
 the Poetry of the Eastern Nations ; 2. On the Arts com. 
 monly called Imitative. Lettre a M. du P[erron]. f dans 
 laquelle est compris 1'Examen de sa Traduction des Livres 
 attribues a Zoroastre. XI. L'histoire de Nadir Chah. 
 
 XII. L'histoire Chah, continued. Traite" sur la PoSsie 
 Orientale. Introduc. to the Hist of Nadir Shah: 1. 
 A description of Asia; 2. A short history of Persia. 
 
 XIII. Hitopadesa of Vishnusarinan. The Enchanted 
 Fruit ; or, The Hindu Wife, an antediluvian Tale, [in verse.] 
 Hymns ; to Camdeo, to Pracrati, Ac., [in verse.] The first 
 Nemean ode of Pindar. Extracts from the last book of 
 the Ramayan. Extracts from the Vedas. Fragments. 
 Catalogue of Oriental MSS. presented to the Royal 
 Society. 
 
 The above list of writings, especially when considered 
 in connexion with the multiplied personal engagements 
 of the author, certainly exhibits evidence of no ordinary 
 literary industry. The admiration of the reader will be 
 increased by an inspection of a table of the languages 
 with which this eminent linguist was more or less familiar. 
 1. Greek. 2. Latin. 3. Italian. 4. French. 5. Spanish. 
 6. Portuguese. 7. Hebrew. 8. Arabic. 9. Persian. 10. 
 Turkish. 11. German. 12. English. 13. Sanskrit 14. 
 Hindostanee. 15. Bengalee. 16. Thibetan. 17. Pali. 
 18. Phaluvi. 19. Deri. 20. Chinese. 21. Russian. 22. 
 Runic. 23. Syriac. 24. Ethiopio. 25. Coptic. 26. Dutch. 
 27. Swedish. 28. Welsh. 
 
 But Sir William's circle of attainments was by no means 
 limited to a knowledge of languages, or to the various 
 subjects upon which he employed his fertile pen, as indi 
 cated in the preceding catalogue of his productions : in 
 chemistry, mathematics, botany, and music, he was also 
 deeply versed. 
 
 "He seems," says Lord Teignmouth, "to have acted on this 
 maxim : that whatever had been attained was attainable by him ; 
 and he was never observed to overlook or to neglect any opportu 
 nity of adding to his accomplishments or to his knowledge. When 
 in India, his studies began with the dawn, and, in seasons of inter 
 mission from professional duty, continued throughout the day: 
 meditation retraced and confirmed what reading had collected or 
 investigation discovered. By a regular application of time to par 
 ticular occupations, he pursued various objects without confusion ; 
 and, in undertakings which depended on his individual perseverance, 
 he was never deterred by difticulties from proceeding to a successful 
 termination." Life of Sir WiUiam Jones. 
 
 The great success with which he pursued his investiga 
 tions into the literature of the East has elicited the admi- 
 "ration of all who have carried the spirit of inquiry into 
 the same department : 
 
JON 
 
 JON 
 
 "There are few authors to whom Oriental literature is under 
 more deep obligations than to Sir William Jones ; few who, like 
 him, have not merely pointed out original and important sources 
 of knowledge, but contributed in no inconsiderable degree to render 
 them accessible. Ho was equally remarkable for his ardour and 
 industry in philological pursuits, from a very early period of his 
 life, until its premature and lamented close." WELSFORD : Origin 
 of the English Language. 
 
 " William Jones has as yet had no rivals in the department which 
 he selected ; no one appears to have comprehended as he did the 
 antiquities of Asia, and, above all, of India, with the acuteness of a 
 philosopher, or to have seen the mode of reconciling every thing 
 with the doctrine and history of the Scriptures." FREDERICK VON 
 BCHLEGEL : Lects. on the Hist, of Literature, Ancient and Modern ; 
 Lect. JTIK 
 
 And see Lect. V., where several of Sir William's trans 
 lations aro briefly noticed. 
 
 It is to be remembered that Schlegel penned the pas 
 sages just quoted almost half a century since, in 1812. 
 Since that date Oriental literature has been cultivated with 
 great success by Horace Hayman Wilson, Duncan Forbes, 
 Monier Williams, J. Cockburn Thomson, Eastwick, Cowell, 
 Cassal, Griffith, Barker, Keene, Johnson, Prinsep, and 
 others. Among the modern specimens of translations from 
 the Sanskrit, we may briefly notice that of the Bhagavad- 
 Git&, by J. C. Thomson, and the version of Sakoontala, 
 or The Lost Ring, by M. Williams. The prose transla 
 tions of these works that of the former by Sir Charles 
 Wilkins, of the latter by Sir William Jones had made 
 them known to Oriental scholars, but in the new versions 
 recently published (1855) they are likely to have a much 
 wider circulation. Sakoontala, or The Lost Ring, has 
 elicited ardent eulogies from those who have taken the 
 pains to acquaint themselves with its many beauties : 
 
 " The only specimen of their plays (nataks) hitherto known to 
 us is the delightful Sakontala, which, notwithstanding the foreign 
 colouring of the native climate, bears in its general structure such 
 a striking resemblance to our own romantic drama, that we might 
 be inclined to suspect we owe this resemblance to the predilection 
 for Shakspeare entertained by the English translator, (Sir William 
 Jones,) if his fidelity were not attested by other learned Oriental 
 ists." AUGUSTUS WILLIAM VON SCHLEGEL : Lects. on Dramat. Art 
 andLit.,l8QS; Lect. U. 
 
 " Of all Indian poems, so far as we are as yet acquainted with 
 them, that of Sokuntola (which has been translated with the most 
 scrupulous exactness by Jones) is the work which gives the best 
 idea of Indian poetry : it is a speaking example of that sort of 
 beauty which is peculiar to the spirit of their fictions." FREDERICK 
 VON SCHLEGEL : Lects. on the Hist, of Lit., 1812 ; Lect. V. 
 
 " Kalidasa, the celebrated author of Sakoontala, is a masterly 
 describer of the influence which nature exercises' upon the minds 
 of lovers. This great poet flourished at the Court of Vikramaditya, 
 and was therefore contemporary with Virgil and Horace. Tender 
 ness in the expression of feeling, and richness of creative fancy 
 have assigned to him his lofty place among the poets of all nations.' 
 ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT. 
 
 But the glowing eulogy of Goethe must not be omitted : 
 " Wouldst thou the young year's blossoms and the fruits of its 
 
 decline, 
 And all by which the soul is charm'd, enraptured, feasted, fed? 
 
 Would thou the earth and heaven itself in one sole name combine? 
 I name thee, Sakontala ! and all at once is said." 
 
 Mr. Williams's translation is a free one, and in prose 
 and verse, and a great improvement (according to Profes 
 sor H. H. Wilson) upon the original translation by Sir 
 William Jones. Whilst noticing modern translations of 
 this school, we must not omit to make honourable mention 
 of the following: 
 
 Khirad-Afroz, Anvar-i Suhaili, Gulistdn, Bgh o Baha>, 
 and Prem S&gar, by Prof. E. B. Eastwick; a selection 
 from the Odes of H&fiz, and Vikramorva'sf, by Prof. E. B. 
 Cowell ; the Anek&rtha of Hemachandra, by Charles Cassal ; 
 Baital Pachisf, by Prof. W. B. Barker ; Akhlak-i Muhsinf, 
 by Prof.H. G. Keene j and Hitopade"sa, by Prof. Johnson. 
 We observe that a prize of 300- has been recently of 
 fered, (March, 1857,) by a gentleman lately a member of 
 the Bengal Civil Service, for the best treatise on the Ve- 
 danta. The treatise is to be written in German or French. 
 The essays are to be lodged with the Royal Asiatic Society 
 before April 1, 1860, and Professor Lassen, of Bonn, Dr. 
 Windischmann, of Munich, and Professor Max Miiller, of 
 Oxford, are to be the examiners and adjudicators. The 
 object is to elicit treatises which will be of assistance to 
 Christian missionaries in the East. Some years ago, the 
 game gentleman who offers this prize placed two sums of 
 500 at the disposal of the Universities of Oxford and 
 Cambridge, for essays on Christianity and Hinduism. 
 
 But we have wandered from our theme, and the length 
 of our article warns us to return. It may be readily sup 
 posed that the melancholy news of the early demise of the 
 profound scholar, the upright judge, the conscientious 
 Christian, and the affectionate friend, elicited many tears 
 not only in the land where he had been known from boy 
 hood, but also in his adopted home, among a simple and 
 H* 
 
 onfiding people, who had suffered too much from the 
 cruelty and extortion of many of his countrymen not to 
 know how to value a man of such true nobility of character 
 as Sir William Jones : 
 
 The pundits who were in the habit of attending him," remarks 
 lis friend and biographer, " when I saw them at a public durbar a 
 few days after that melancholy event, could neither restrain their 
 ;ears for his loss, nor find terms to express their admiration at the 
 wonderful progress which he had made in the sciences which they 
 professed." LORD TEIGNMOUTH : Life of Sir William Jones. 
 
 The commendations of his countrymen have been la 
 vished upon his character and attainments with all the pro 
 fusion of eloquence animated by the warmth of affection, 
 and yet have not exceeded the rigid estimate of impartial 
 criticism. 
 
 Know him, sir!" exclaimed the friend of his boyhood, Samuel 
 Parr, who, with all his pompous affectation, had a warm heart under 
 his Roman mail, " Know him, sir 1 who did not know him ? Who 
 did not bend in devout respect at the variety and depth of his 
 learning, the integrity of his principles, and the benevolence of his 
 heart ?" Barker's Parriana, 322. 
 
 Need I dwell a moment," says Dr. Dibdin, " on the recommen 
 dation of the works of Sir William Jones ? A scholar, a critic, phi 
 losopher, lawyer, and poet, where shall we find, in the works of 
 the same man, greater demonstrations of pure and correct feeling, 
 and cultivated and classical taste, than in the volumes here noticed 
 and recommended ? The piety of Sir William Jones was not inferior 
 to his learning. A thoroughly good and great-minded man, his cau 
 tion, humility, and diffidence were equal to his learning and multi 
 farious attainments; and there is a vigour and raciness in his 
 translations of Persian poetry which give them the enchanting air 
 of original productions."!/*. Comp., ed. 1825, 425. 
 
 " His writings everywhere breathe pure taste in morals as well 
 as in literature ; and it may be said with truth, that not a single 
 sentiment has escaped him which does not indicate the real elegance 
 and dignity which pervaded the most secret recesses of his mind. 
 No author is better calculated to inspire those generous sentiments 
 of liberty without which the most just principles are useless and 
 lifeless." SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH. 
 
 " The name of Sir William Jones is associated not only with the 
 splendour of a great reputation, but with almost all the amiable 
 and exemplary virtues ; and the tender affections, which were a 
 little chilled by the aspect of his vast literary attainments, are won 
 sweetly back, and rest with delight upon the view which is here 
 exhibited [in Lord Teign mouth's Life of Sir William Jones] of the 
 purity, the integrity, and the mildness of his private manners. . . . 
 The most remarkable features of his character, indeed, seem to 
 have resulted from the union of this gentleness and modesty of dis 
 position with a very lofty conception of his own capability and 
 destination." LORD JEFFREY : Review of Lord Teignmouth's Life of 
 Sir Wm. Jones, Edin. Rev., v. 329-330, Jan. 1805. 
 
 " In the course of a short life, Sir William Jones acquired a degree 
 of knowledge which the ordinary faculties of men, if they were 
 blessed with antediluvian longevity, could scarcely hope to surpass. 
 His learning threw light on the laws of Greece and India, on the ge 
 neral literature of Asia, and on the history of the family of nations. 
 He carried philosophy, eloquence, and philanthropy into the cha 
 racter of a lawyer and a judge. Amidst the driest toils of erudition, 
 he retained a sensibility to the beauties of poetry, and a talent for 
 transfusing them into his own language, which has seldom been 
 united with the same degree of industry. When he went abroad, 
 it was not to enrich himself with the spoils of avarice or ambition, 
 but to search, amidst the ruins of Oriental literature, for treasures 
 which he would not have exchanged 
 
 ' For all Bocara's vaunted gold, 
 Or all the gems of Samarcand.' " 
 
 THOMAS CAMPBELL. 
 
 But Lord Jeffrey takes a view of this subject less dis 
 couraging to the young student, and tells us that, 
 
 Great as Sir William Jones's attainments unquestion 
 ably were, they may be contemplated without despair by 
 any one who is not frightened by his industry." Nor is 
 his lordship disposed to concede to Sir William Jones's mind 
 the attributes of original genius, philosophical acumen, or 
 great strength of understanding. A similar opinion to this 
 was expressed in very decided terms by one who, as we have 
 just seen,entertained the highest admiration for SirWillam's 
 character, Sir James Mackintosh. But the time for quota 
 tion is passed, and the curious reader can pursue this matter 
 further by referring to the Edinburgh Review for January, 
 1805, Lord Jeffrey's Review of Lord Teignmouth's Life 
 of Sir William Jones; and to the North American Review 
 for October, 1832, Alexander H. Everett's Conversations 
 with Sir James Mackintosh ; Sir James Mackintosh's Life. 
 Jones, William. Insanity; Med. Com., 1786. 
 Jones, William. Three Serms., 1778-96. 
 Jones, William. Works on astronomy, mathema 
 tics, geography, and natural philos., Lon., 1782-1800, Ac. 
 Jones, William. Art of Music, Colches., 1784, fol. 
 Jones, William. Two Serms., Lon., 1790-94. 
 Jones, William. Spectacles ; Nic. Jour., 1804. 
 Jones, William, 1762-1846, a native of Poulton, 
 England, a bookseller and pastor of a Scotch Baptist 
 Church in Finsbury. 1. Life of Abr. Booth, Lon., 1808, 
 8vo. 2. Hist, of the Waldenses, 1811, 8vo. Subsequently 
 pub. under the title of The Hist, of the Christian Church 
 to the 18th Cent, including the Hist of the Waldenses 
 and Albigenses; 4th ed., 1819, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
JON 
 
 JON 
 
 "Contains a great variety of curious and highly-interesting par 
 ticulars." L-m. Month. Rev. 
 
 3. The Biblical Cyclopaedia j or, Dictionary of the Holy 
 Scriptures, 1816, 2 vols. 8vo. Last ed., 1840, 8vo. 
 
 "The plan of this Biblical Cyclopaedia is less extensive than that 
 of Dr. J. Robinson's Dictionary." Home's Eibl. Bib. 
 
 " A very useful book of reference on almost all subjects relating 
 to the sacred volume. It is the production of an able and diligent 
 man." WMiams's C.P. 
 
 " The author is a decided Calvinist. The geographical portion of 
 his work is particularly well executed." Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 
 
 See a review in the British Critic, N. S., 445. 4. Dic 
 tionary of Religious Opinions, 1817, 12mo. Reprinted. 
 
 " The description of each sect is given with very tolerable accu 
 racy and candour ; and we can fairly say that it is, upon the whole, 
 the best book of the kind that wo have seen." British Critic. 
 
 5. Serins, by, and the Life of, Archibald McLean, 1817, 
 8vo. 6. Christian Biography, 1829, 12mo. 7. Lects. on 
 the Apocalypse, 1829, 8vo. The author argues against the 
 doctrine of the personal reign of Christ on earth. Com 
 mended by the Imperial Mag., June, 1830 ; Evangel. Mag., 
 Jan. 1830; Baptist Mag., Dec. 1829; Baptist Miscellany, 
 Feb. 1830. 8. Autobiography, edited by his son, 1846, 8vo, 
 q.v. See also Jamieson's Cyc. of Mod. Relig. Biog. 
 Jones, William. Reports of.Trials, 1808, '09. 
 Jones, William. Corn Rick; Nic. Jour., 1812. 
 Jones, Rev. William. 1. Testamentary Counsels. 
 2. Life of Rowland Hill : see HILL, ROWLAND. 
 
 Jones, William. Observations on the Insolvent 
 Debtor's Act, Lon., 1829, 8vo. 
 
 Jones, William Alfred, b. June 26, 1817, in the 
 city of New York, is the son of the late Hon. David S. 
 Jones, and a member of a family which has long been 
 eminent in the annals of jurisprudence. The subject of 
 our notice graduated at Columbia College, New York, and 
 has been for some years officiating in the capacity of libra 
 rian to that institution. 1. The Analyst : a Collection of 
 Miscellaneous Papers, New York, 1840, ISmo. 
 
 " This is a volume well worthy to be read. It gives proof of re 
 flection, observation, and literary culture ; and its style is always 
 clear, sometimes forcible and terse, though not often elegant. It 
 abounds with shrewd remarks, happy criticisms, and well-drawn 
 traits of character. But it is not executed with equal felicity 
 throughout. The author imitates largely in some parts of his book ; 
 he writes not from his own mind and after his own fashion, but 
 draws from others both matter and form." N. Amer. Review, 1. 
 631-533, April, 1840, (by Prof. C. C. Felton.) 
 
 The remainder of this notice consists, like the above, 
 of mixed praise and censure. 2. Literary Studies : a Col 
 lection of Miscellaneous Essays, 1847, 2 vols. ISmo. 3. 
 Memorial of the late Hon. David S. Jones; containing 
 notices of the Jones family of Queens County, 1849, sm. 
 4to. 4. Essays upon Authors and Books, 1849, 12mo. See 
 N. York Literary World, Dec. 1849; South. Quar. Rev., 
 April, 1850. 5. Characters and Criticisms, 1857, 2 vols. 
 12mo. These vols. contain a revised selection from his 
 contributions to periodicals. 
 
 "The sound judgment, nice discrimination, cultivated thought, 
 kind spirit, and perfect candor evinced throughout these volumes, 
 render them worthy of being treasured as prevailing models of 
 true criticism, as well as standards of opinion on the subjects to 
 which they relate." WASHINGTON IRVING. 
 
 Mr. Jones has been long known as a critic, and his un- 
 collected essays, contributed to the New York Church Re 
 cord, Arcturus, Whig Review, Democratic Review, Ac., 
 would fill two vols. of the size of those which he has given 
 to the world. A highly-favourable opinion of Mr. Jones's 
 critical abilities will be found in Edgar A. Poe's Literati, 
 in the paper entitled E. P. Whipple and other Critics. 
 
 Jones, William Basil. 1. Vestiges of the Gael in 
 Gwynedd, Lon., 8vo. 2. With Edward A. Freeman, Hist, 
 and Antiq. of St. David's, Pts. 1-4, 1852-57, 4to; some 
 copies on large paper. 
 
 " This book of Messrs. Jones and Freeman will be an indispen 
 sable companion to all future Welsh ecclesiastical historians." ion. 
 Athenceum, March 28, 1857, 404. 
 See FREEMAN, EDWARD A. 
 
 Jones, William T. Catholic Rights, 1792, 8vo. 
 Jonson, Ben, or, more correctly, Benjamin John 
 son, 1573-1637, one of the most eminent of English dra 
 matists, was a native of Westminster, and came into the 
 world a month after the decease of his father, who, after 
 suffering imprisonment and confiscation of estates for his 
 Protestant principles, became a preacher of those doctrines 
 for which he had been in bonds. It has been generally 
 asserted by the poet's biographers, from the time of Wood 
 to Gifford, that his mother, after the decease of Jonson's 
 father, married again, and that the object of her choice 
 was a bricklayer, named Thomas Fowler. But the later 
 researches of Mr. Peter Cunningham, endorsed by the 
 learned imprimatur of Mr. J. Payne Collier, have brought 
 us to the conclusion, to borrow the language of the last- 
 
 named gentleman, that, "if Ben Jonson's mother married 
 a second time, we have yet to ascertain who was her second 
 husband." That the future poet, however, did in his early 
 youth give some reluctant attention to the useful art and 
 mystery of brickmaking, we have his own avowal, con 
 veyed in most disgustful terms. Previously to this un 
 promising entrance upon the responsibilities of active life, 
 Jonson had pursued his studies at tho school attached to 
 St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, at Westminster School, (under 
 the illustrious Camden,) and for a week or month, when in 
 his sixteenth year, at St. John's College, Cambridge. After 
 throwing aside his trowel, the mechanic turned soldier, and 
 gained great distinction by his bravery while serving in a 
 campaign in the Low Countries. There is a tradition that 
 on his return to England at the age of nineteen he re 
 turned to pursue his studies at Cambridge ; but this conjec 
 ture appears to have no better foundation than the difficulty 
 of otherwise accounting for that proficiency which he un 
 doubtedly acquired in some of the Latin authors. It ap 
 pears much more likely that he immediately became con 
 nected with the stage, where he had but little success ag 
 an actor, and not long after applied his literary talent to 
 good purpose by assisting the dramatists of the day in the 
 composition of their pieces. An unfortunate quarrel with 
 a brother-actor, named Gabriel Spencer, led to a duel which 
 resulted in the death of the latter and the imprisonment, 
 for about a twelvemonth, of the unhappy victor. Whilst 
 in prison, he was visited by a Roman Catholic priest, who 
 presented his doctrines in so favourable a light to the re 
 pentant duellist that he became a convert, and for twelve 
 years retained the ecclesiastical connexion thus com 
 menced. The young actor was no sooner discharged from 
 custody than he sought to resign his freedom, and, perhaps 
 without a due appreciation of the serious step he was 
 taking, was not satisfied until able to write himself a mar 
 ried man. The hardships of poverty pressed sorely upon 
 the young couple, whose sole fortune consisted in their 
 abundant stock of mutual affection, (we speak of the honey 
 moon,) and the actor determined to become an author in 
 the enlarged sense of that term, by trying his luck with a 
 drama, calculated, he fondly hoped, to produce a harvest 
 of profit and reputation. The precise time at which he 
 composed the Comoedie of Euery Man in his Hvmvr can 
 not now be ascertained, but it was originally acted by the 
 Lord-Chamberlain's servants, in the form in which we have 
 it, in the year 1598, although it is asserted that it was acted 
 eleven times between Nov. 25, 1596, and Nov. 10, 1597. 
 He seems to have previously written for the stage con 
 jointly with others, as we have intimated above, and with 
 out assistance; but we are obliged to commence the list of 
 his ascertained productions with the play just named. 
 This at once gained him fame and enemies; and now seem 
 to have commenced those literary quarrels the details of 
 which form so large a portion of Jonson's personal history. 
 Rejecting the stories of his misunderstandings with Shak- 
 speare, who, it is asserted, but the assertion is not believed 
 by Gifford, was the means of introducing his first comedy 
 on the stage, we still leave our poet's hands full of his 
 assailants, Decker, Marston, Gill, and other active com 
 batants. This successful piece was followed by Euery 
 Man ovt of his Hvmvr, A Comicall Satyre, first acted in 
 1599; Cynthias Revels, or The Fountayne of Selfe-Loue, 
 first acted in 1599 ; The Poetaster, or His Arraignement, 
 a Comicall Satyre, first acted in 1601 ; Seianvs his Fall, a 
 Tragoedie, first acted in 1603; Volpone, or The Foxe, a 
 Comedie, first acted in 1605; Epicoene, or The Silent 
 Woman, Comoedie, first acted in 1609 ; The Alchemist, a 
 Comoedie, first acted in 1610; Catiline his Conspiracy, a 
 Tragoedie, first acted in 1611. So far we have quoted the 
 titles of our author's principal productions (not pausing 
 to notice his minor pieces) from his own collective edit, 
 of his Workes, pub. in 1616, now lying before us. To 
 these succeed, in this ancient folio, Epigrammes, I.Booke; 
 The Forrest, (Songs, Odes, Ac. ;) Part of the King's En 
 tertainment in passing to his Coronation ; A Panegyre on 
 The Happie Entrance of James ovr Soveraigne to Fis 
 first high Session of Parliament in this his Kingdotuo tue 
 19 of March, 1603 ; Masqves at Coort 
 
 It will be seen that in this folio, pub. in 1616, the author 
 did not include the Comedies of Bartholomew Fair, pro 
 duced in 1614, and the Devil's an Ass, produced in 1616. 
 It is probable, also, that a number of minor pieces written 
 before this time (many are without any date) were re 
 served by the author for a future volume of his collected 
 Workes : 
 
 " He seems " says Gifford, " to have meditated a complete edition 
 of all Ms works; but he apparently grew weary towards the con- 
 
JON 
 
 JON 
 
 elusion of the volume, and never (unless peculiarly called upon) 
 had recourse to the press afterwards. The second folio is a wretched 
 continuation of the first, printed from the MSS. surreptitiously ob 
 tained during his life, or ignorantly hurried through the press 
 after his death. It bears a variety of dates, from 1631 to 1641 in 
 clusive. It is probable that he looked forward to a period of retire 
 ment and ease ; but the loss of his MSS. by fire, and the fatal illness 
 which almost immediately afterwards seized him, rendered all such 
 views abortive. It is remarkable that he calls his Epigrams ' Book 
 the First:' he had, therefore, others in his hand; but they have 
 perished." Memoir of Ben Jonson. 
 
 It was three years after Jonson's death before any of his 
 later productions were published. Two small edits, of his 
 minor pieces were issued in 1640, and in the next year 
 appeared a reprint of his own folio of 1616, and a second 
 vol. of the same size, containing his dramatic pieces from 
 1612, several masques, and all that could be discovered of 
 his occasional poetry. Another collective ed. of his Works 
 was pub. in 1692, fol. ; another (a reprint of the last) in 1715, 
 6 vols. 8vo ; and a more complete one, edited by the Rev. 
 Peter Whalley, in 1756, 7 vols. 8vo. A second issue of 
 Whalley's edit, was commenced in 1792, but the publica 
 tion extended no further than two numbers. In 1811, 4 
 vols. r. 8vo, appeared what has been denominated "an 
 execrable edition" The Dramatic Works of Ben Jonson 
 and Beaumont and Fletcher. Whalley's edit, was most 
 carelessly compiled, the text that of the impression of 1715, 
 rarely collated with early edits., and often erroneous, and 
 the notes of little if of any value. In 1816 Mr. William 
 Gifford pub. the first good edit, of Jonson's Works. This 
 was accompanied with Notes, Critical and Explanatory, 
 and a Biographical Memoir. It was pub. in 9 vols. 8vo, 
 6 6s. ; T. 8vo, 9. We shall have something more to say 
 of this edit, presently. In 1838, Mr. Moxon, of London, 
 pub. an edit, of Jonson's Works in r. 8vo, edited by Barry 
 Cornwall, another edit, in 1841, r. 8vo, and again in 1853, 
 r. 8vo. Mr. Moxon put forth a collective edit., prefaced 
 in both cases with Gifford's Memoir of the Author. To 
 this Memoir, and especially to the biography of Jonson 
 in Austin and Kalph's Lives of the Poets Laureate, Lon., 
 1853, 8vo, we refer the reader for further information re 
 specting " Rare Ben Jonson." ihe other accounts of the 
 poet, referred to below, may be examined for the gratifica 
 tion of curiosity, and for the amusing gossip of the times 
 to which they relate ; but, according to Mr. Gifford, few 
 men have suffered more from literary injustice than the 
 author of Catiline and Sejanus. Mr. Giffbrd himself, how 
 ever, is perhaps too warm a partisan to be considered an 
 infallible authority. In Moxon's reprints of Jonson's 
 Works, above referred to, (1841, r. 8vo; 1853, r. 8vo,) the 
 arrangement is as follows : after the eleven dramatic pieces 
 already noticed by us, come The Staple of News, a Play ; 
 The New Inn, or The Light Heart, a comedy ; The Mag 
 netic Lady, or Humours Reconciled, a play ; A Tale of a 
 Tub, a play ; (this is the last work of the author that was 
 submitted to the stage;) The Sad Shepherd, or A Tale of 
 Robin Hood, a play ; The Case is Altered, a play ; Enter 
 tainments ; Masques; Epigrams; The Forest; Under 
 woods ; Leges Convivales ; Translations from the Latin 
 Poets ; Timber, or Discoveries made upon Men and Mat 
 ter; The English Grammar; Jonsonus Viribus, or The 
 Memory of Ben Jonson ; Glossary; Index. Between Gif 
 ford's Memoir of the Author and the first of his pieces are 
 inserted Ancient Commendatory Verses on Ben Jonson. 
 We have already referred (see CHAPMAN, GEORGE) to 
 Jonson's share in the composition of Eastward-Ho, and he 
 was a partner in other literary enterprises, according to 
 the custom of the poets of the age. 
 
 It was in 1616 that Jonson received an acceptable mark 
 of the royal favour, in the shape of an annual pension 
 from King James of one hundred marks a year for life, 
 (from henceforth we designate him by the title of Poet- 
 Laureate,) which was increased by King Charles, in 1630, 
 to one hundred pounds sterling, and "a terse of Canary 
 Wine." This augmentation of his income (for which, in 
 deed, he had petitioned the king in a rhyming epistle) did 
 not come any too soon, for the extravagance of the poet 
 between 1616 and 1625, his multiplied libations at the 
 Mermaid, and profuse hospitality at his own table, had 
 reduced him to great straits. It is melancholy to be obliged 
 to add that he died in poverty : it is more pleasing to our 
 feelings to be able to record the fact that he departed in 
 penitence and faith, regretting the occasional irreverence 
 of his pen, and, we trust, deploring the frequent abuse of 
 powers which were given for nobler ends. He was called 
 to the "dread account" before the "Judge of all the earth" 
 on the 6th day of August, 1637. Did our space permit, 
 we might, ere we proceeded to a brief consideration of 
 Jonson's characteristics as a writer, linger a short time 
 996 
 
 over some of the prominent incidents of the poet's life, 
 especially upon his memorable visit to Drummond of Haw- 
 thornden in 1619, his wit (or wet) combats with Shakspeare, 
 and his less amiable contests with the second-rate wits of this 
 belligerent age. But we have already referred the reader 
 to abundant sources of information, and with them we shall 
 leave him, after he has borne us company for a few mo 
 ments longer, whilst we quote some opinions from a few 
 eminent authorities respecting the characteristics of this 
 once-favourite author. 
 
 " Ben Jonson, a younger contemporary and rival of Shakspeare, 
 who laboured in the sweat of his brow, but with no great success, 
 to expel the romantic drama from the English stage and to form 
 it on the model of the ancients, gave it as his opinion that Shak 
 speare did not blot enough, and that, as he did not possess much 
 school-learning, he owed more to nature than to art. . . . Jonson 
 was a critical poet in the good and bad sense of the word. He en 
 deavoured to form an exact estimate of what he had on every oc 
 casion to perform ; hence he succeeded best in that species of the 
 drama which makes the principal demand on the understanding' 
 and with little call on the imagination and feeling, the comedy 
 of character. He introduced nothing into his works which critical 
 dissection should not be able to extract again, as his confidence in 
 it was such, that he conceived it exhausted every thing which 
 pleases and charms us in poetry. He was not aware that in the 
 chemical retort of the critic what is most valuable, the volatile 
 living spirit of a poem, evaporates. His pieces are in general defi 
 cient in soul, in that nameless something which never ceases to 
 attract and enchant us even because it is indefinable. In the lyrical 
 pieces, his Masques, we feel the want of a certain mental music of 
 imagery and intonation, which the most accurate observation of 
 difficult measures cannot give. He is everywhere deficient in those 
 excellencies which, unsought, flow from the poet's pen, and which 
 no artist who purposely hunts for them can ever hope to find. 
 We must not quarrel with him, however, for entertaining a high 
 opinion of his own works, since whatever merits they have he 
 owed, like acquired moral properties, altogether to himself. The 
 production of them was attended with labour, and unfortunately 
 it is also a labour to read them. They resemble solid and regular 
 edifices, before which, however, the clumsy scaffolding still remains, 
 to interrupt and prevent us from viewing the architecture with ease 
 and receiving from it a harmonious impression. We have of Jonson 
 two tragical attempts, and a number of comedies and masques. 
 
 " He could have risen to the dignity of the tragic tone, but for 
 the pathetic he had not the smallest turn. As he incessantly 
 preaches up the imitation of the ancients, (and he had, we cannot 
 deny, a learned acquaintance with their works,) it is astonishing to 
 observe how much his two tragedies differ, both in substance and 
 form, from the Greek tragedy. . . . After these attempts, Jonson 
 took leave of the Tragic Muse, and in reality his talents were far 
 better suited to Comedy, and that, too, merely the Comedy of Cha 
 racter. His characterization, however, is more marked with serious 
 satire than playful ridicule: the latter Roman satirists, rather than 
 the comic authors, were his models. In so far as plot is concerned, 
 the greatest praise is merited by Volpone, The Alchemist, and Epiccene, 
 or the Silent Woman. ... Of all Jonson's pieces there is hardly one 
 which, as it stands, would please on the stage in the present day, 
 even as most of them failed to please in his own time: extracts 
 from them, however, could hardly fail to be successful. In general, 
 much might be borrowed from him, and much might be learned 
 both from his merits and defects. His characters are, for the most 
 part, solidly and judiciously drawn ; what he most fails in, is the 
 art of setting them off by the contrast of situations. The pecu 
 liarity of Jonson's Masques most deserving of remark seems to me 
 to be the anti-masques, as they are called, which the poet himself 
 sometimes attaches to his own invention, and generally allows to 
 precede the serious act. As the ideal flatteries, for whose sake the 
 gods have been brought down from Olympus, are but too apt to 
 fall into mawkishness, this antidote on such occasions is certainly 
 deserving of commendation." AUGUSTUS WILLIAM VON SCHLEGEL : 
 Lects. on Dramat. Art and Lit.; Blacks Trans., Lon., 1846, 347, 461- 
 462, 463, 465, 466. 
 
 Dr. Johnson is thought to have very happily hit off the 
 character of his dramatic namesake in the following gra 
 phic lines in his celebrated prologue : 
 
 " Then Jonson came, instructed from the school, 
 To please by method, and invent by rule. 
 His studious patience and laborious art 
 With regular approach assay'd the heart : 
 Cold approbation gave the ling'ring bays, 
 For they who durst not censure scarce could praise. 
 A mortal born, he met the general doom, 
 But left, like Egypt's kings, a lasting tomb." 
 Mr. Campbell will be found to dissent widely from tne 
 authorities just quoted, and from several others whose 
 opinions we shall have occasion to cite : 
 
 " The art of Jonson was not confined to the cold observations of 
 the unities of place and time, but appears in the whole adaptation 
 of his incidents and characters to the support of each other. Be. 
 neath his learning and art he moves with an activity which may 
 be compared to the strength of a man who can leap and bound 
 under the heaviest armour." Specimens of English Poetry. 
 
 "There are people who cannot take olives: and I cannot much 
 relish Ben Jonson, though I have taken some pains to do it, and 
 went to the task with every sort of good will. I do not deny his 
 power or his merit; far from it: but it is to me a repulsive and 
 unamiable kind. He was a great man in himself, but one cannot 
 readily sympathize with him. His works, as the characteristic pro 
 ductions of an individual mind, or as records of the manners of a 
 particular age, cannot be valued too highly ; but they have little 
 charm for the more general reader." Hazlitt's Lects. on the English 
 Comic Writers; Lect. IL 
 
JON 
 
 "Ben Jonson's serious productions are, in my opinion, superior 
 to his comic ones. What he does, is the result of strong sense and 
 painful industry; but sense and industry agree better with the 
 grave and severe than with the light and gay productions of the 
 muse." HazlM's Lecls. on the Dramat. Lit. of the, Age of Elizabeth ; 
 
 "If asked to give our opinion of Ben Jonson's powers in general, 
 we should say that he was a poet of a high order, as far as learning, 
 fancy, and an absolute rage of ambition could conspire to make him 
 one ; but that he never touched at the highest, except by violent 
 efforts and during the greatest felicity of his sense of success. The 
 material so predominated in him over the spiritual, the sensual 
 over the sentimental, that he was more social than loving, and far 
 more wilful and fanciful than imaginative." Leigh Hunt's Men and 
 Women and Books: Suckling and Ben Jonson. 
 
 "I do not think that his poetical merits are yet properly appre 
 ciated. I cannot consent that the palm of humour alone shall be 
 given to him, while in wit, feeling, pathos, and poetical diction 
 he is to be sunk fathoms below Fletcher and Massiuger. In the 
 last particular I think that he excels them both, and, indeed, all 
 his contemporaries, excepting Shakspeare." Henry Neele's Lects. 
 on English Poetry ; Lect. III. 
 
 Mr. Disraeli also comes to the rescue of the abused poet: 
 
 "Some modern critics, whose delicacy of taste in its natural 
 feebleness could not strain itself to the vigour of Jonson, have 
 strangely failed to penetrate into the depths of that mighty mind; 
 and some modern poets have delivered their sad evidence that for 
 them the Coryphaeus of our elder dramatists has become unintelli 
 gible." Amenitie* of Literature: The Humours of Jonson. 
 
 "With such extraordinary requisites for the stage, joined to a 
 strain of poetry always manly, frequently lofty, and sometimes 
 almost sublime, it may at first appear strange that his dramas 
 are not more in vogue ; but a little attention to his peculiar modes 
 and habits of thinking will, perhaps, enable us in some measure to 
 account for it. The grace and urbanity which mark his lighter 
 pieces he laid aside whenever he approached the stage, and put on 
 the censor with the sock. This system (whether wise or unwise) 
 naturally led to circumstances which affect his popularity as a 
 writer : he was obliged, as one of his critics justly observes, ' to 
 hunt down his own characters,' and, to continue the metaphor, he 
 was frequently carried too far in the chase." Gifford' s Memoir of 
 Ben Jonson. 
 
 The whole of this criticism should be consulted by tbe 
 reader. 
 
 "The fault in Jonson's two tragedies is that there is not enough 
 to interest flesh and blood in them and to stir up the sympa 
 thies, the hopes and fears, of humanity. There is a cold historic 
 sublimity, which, however it may command the homage of the 
 intellect, awakes no responsive echo in the heart. The characters 
 are true to history, true, therefore, to human nature ; and they 
 move on in the plot with stern and terrible decision. But the harsh 
 outline lacks those lighter pencillings, those softer colourings, in 
 which poetry surpasses history, and without which the picture, 
 though bold and masterly, will not chain the living gaze of the 
 spectator to the painter's canvas. . . . His best comedies are so 
 generally known that a lengthy critique on them would be tedious. 
 Those that are less read are scarcely deserving of any notice, beyond 
 the interest that must attach itself to any production from the pen 
 of such a man. Every Man in his Humour, The Alchymist, Vol- 
 pone, or the Fox, and The Silent Woman, are the best of the nume 
 rous comedies he has left us. . . . Jonson's masques are beautiful. 
 Though with occasional extravagant fancies and strained conceits, 
 they are full of learning and taste. They were many of them 
 written for great festive occasions. . . . Some beautiful songs are 
 introduced into them. ... As a translator he must not be forgot 
 ten. He has left a version of Horace's Ars Poetica, and a few of the 
 odes. The former is marvellously literal, and not so tame as might 
 therefore be supposed. lu the latter there is little to praise; but 
 he has excelled these regular translations in passages of the masques 
 and elsewhere, which he has borrowed from ancient authors and 
 literally rendered. . . . Jonson is no exception to the rule that clear 
 and strong utterance is one of the chief characteristics of genius, 
 and that great poets have been good prose-writers. The fragment 
 entitled Timber, or Discoveries, sufficiently shows, without appeal 
 ing to his letters, dedications, and prefaces, that English literature 
 lost much by the destruction of his prose manuscripts. The small 
 remnant that is left is full of erudite criticism, profound reflection, 
 and great severity of judgment. There are notes on books and on 
 life, arranged in a strange and arbitrary manner, written in a concise 
 and pregnant style, and, though they do not contain so much sen 
 tentious wisdom, remind us forcibly of the Essays of Bacon. . . . 
 We have spoken of Jonson as the author of tragedy, of comedy, of 
 masque, as a translator and prose-writer. But it is as a lyric poet 
 also that we claim for him a homage and admiration which has 
 hitherto been sparingly given if yielded at all." Austin and Ralph's 
 Lives of the Poets-Laureate, Lon., 1853, 90, 91-92, 95, 96, 98-99, 101. 
 
 An accomplished female writer, whose graceful criticisms 
 we have frequently had occasion to quote in the course of 
 this volume, speaks with enthusiasm of the lyrics just re 
 ferred to : 
 
 " We of this age, a little too careless perhaps of learned labour, 
 would give a whole wilderness of Catilines and Poetasters, and 
 even of Alchemists and Volpones, for another score of the exquisite 
 lyrics which are scattered carelessly through the plays and masques 
 which strange contrast with the rugged verse in which they are 
 imbedded seem to have burst into being at a stroke, just as the 
 evening primrose flings open her fair petals at the close of the day. 
 Lovelier songs were never written than these wild and irregular 
 ditties." Mary Russett Mitfortfs Recottec. of a Literary Life. 
 
 We shall hardly feel that we can willingly pass on to the 
 next article in our Dictionary without quoting some opi 
 nions respecting our author from some of the great men 
 of his own day and the age which followed. The best- 
 
 JON 
 
 known of such passages is that which bears the imprimatur 
 of Jonson's host of April, 1619, Drummond of Haw- 
 thornden. None of the abundant censures lavished upon 
 his hero more excites the indignation of Gifford than these 
 jottings of the unfortunate Boswell of the age of James I. 
 But, if Drummond was not the victim of the furor biogra- 
 phicus, surely Gifford was, and therefore (to borrow from 
 Dr. Johnson's letter to James Macpherson) regard is to 
 be paid less to what he says than what he is able to prove. 
 The easy and confident arrogance with which Gifford con 
 tradicts the assertions of Jonson's contemporaries, of those 
 who lived in the succeeding few years, and of later authori 
 ties, who perhaps had as good information, and certainly 
 far better manners, than the editor of the Quarterly, is not 
 a little amusing. We are not insensible to the value of 
 his critical labours, and have no disposition to endorse 
 Mr. Leigh Hunt's assertion that 
 
 " Sympathy with Jonson's coarseness and his love of the caustic, 
 a poor verbal tact, and a worship of authority, were the only quali 
 fications for a critical sense of him possessed by the petulant and 
 presumptuous Gifford." Men, Women, and Books: Suckling and 
 Ben Jonson. 
 
 But surely Gifford might have displayed all that he had 
 to offer in its best light, without so ruthlessly assailing his 
 predecessors. In the words of a late critic, 
 
 "The author's one plan for reinstating Jonson in the good opinion 
 of his countrymen is to fall foul of every critic, old or recent, that 
 had ever said a word against him." North British Review, Feb. 
 1856. 
 
 We may remark, in passing, that a notice of Barry Corn 
 wall's edit, of Jonson's Works, already referred to by us, 
 will be found in Leigh Hunt's Men, Women, and Books. 
 Whilst Jonson was Drummond's guest, it was the custom 
 of the latter to register the sayings of the distinguished 
 sojourner, and at the conclusion of these piquant entries 
 he takes the opportunity to record his own opinion of the 
 characteristics of his visitor, who, he tells us, was 
 
 " A great lover and praiser of himself; a contemner and scorner 
 of others ; given rather to lose a friend than a jest ; jealous of 
 every word and action of those about him, especially after drink, 
 which is one of the elements in which he lived ; a dissembler of ill 
 parts which reign in him; a bragger of some good that he wanted; 
 thinketh nothing well done but what either he himself or some of 
 his friends hath said or done. He ia passionately kind and angry, 
 careless either to gain or keep; vindictive, but, if he be well 
 answered at himself, interprets best sayings and deeds often to the 
 worst. He was for any religion, as being versed in both ; oppressed 
 with fancy, which hath ever mastered his reason, a general dis 
 ease in many poets : his inventions are smooth and easy, but above 
 all he excelleth in a translation." Drummond's Works, 1711, fol., 
 224-226. 
 
 It is only proper to remark that Drummond's notes are 
 not correctly printed in this folio ed. of 1711. A correct 
 text, with illustrative notes, was for the first time printed, in 
 1842, by the Shakspeare Society, under the editorial super 
 vision of Mr. David Laing, by whom the MS. was disco 
 vered. We have already noticed (see DRUMMOND, WM.) 
 Mr. Peter Cunningham's ed. of Drummond's Works, 1833, 
 12mo. A new ed. by the same editor was pub. in 1852, 
 Edin., 8vo. 
 
 The first charge which Drummond prefers in the above 
 indictment is unfortunately too fully endorsed by contem 
 porary evidence to admit of any debate. To say nothing 
 of Owen Feltham's admirable parody upon Jonson's 
 " Come, leave the loathed stage," a burst of indignation 
 at the failure of his play of The New Inn, we have a 
 letter from Howellupon this theme, a few lines of which we 
 shall quote: 
 
 " SIB : I was invited yesternight to a solemn supper by B. J., [Ben 
 Jonson,] where you were deeply remembered : there was good com 
 pany, excellent cheer, choice wines, and jovial welcome : one thing 
 intervened, which almost spoiled the relish of the rest, that B. began, 
 to engross all the discourse, to vapour extremely by himself, and, 
 by vilifying others, to magnify his own muse. T. Ca. [Tom Carewj 
 buzzed me in the ear, that though Ben had barrelled up a great 
 deal of knowledge, yet it seems he had not read the ethics, which, 
 among other precepts of morality, forbid self-commendation, de 
 claring it to be an ill-favoured solecism in good manners. . . . But, 
 for my part, I am content to dispense with the Roman infirmity of 
 Ben, now that time hath snowed upon his pericranium. You know 
 Ovid and (your) Horace were subject to this humour, the fin* 
 bursting out into 
 
 " ' Jamaqne opus exegi, quod nee Jovis ira nee ignis,' Ac. 
 
 " The other into 
 
 " ' Exegi monumentum sere perennius,' Ac. 
 
 "As also Cicero, while he forced himself into this hexameter: 
 
 " ' O fortnnatum natam me consule Romam.' 
 
 "There is another reason that excuseth B., which is, that if one 
 be allowed to love the natural issue of his body, why not that of his 
 brain, which is of a spiritual and more noble extraction 1"To Sir 
 Thomas Hawk, Kt., Westminster, bth April, 1636. 
 
 See our Life of JAMES HOWELL, No. 3, in this Diction 
 ary. It was well that Howell bore this infliction so well, 
 for Gerard Langbaine tells us that "Ben Jonson's greatest 
 weakness was that he could not bear censure," and again, 
 
 997 
 
JON 
 
 JOP 
 
 u He was a Man of a very free Temper, and withal blunt, and [ 
 somewhat haughty to those who were either Rivals in Fame, or 
 Enemies to his Writings, (witness his Poetaster, wherein he falls 
 upon Decker, and his answer to Dr. Gill, who writ against his Mag 
 netic Lady,) otherwise of a good Sociable Humour, when amongst 
 his Sons and Friends in the Apollo : from whose Laws the reader 
 may possibly better judge of his Temper; a copy of which I have 
 transcribed for the Learn'd Readers perusal." Account of the Eng. 
 Dramat. Poets, Oxf., 1691. 
 
 They were a merry set of fellows that met at The Apollo 
 and at The Mermaid, too merry by half, or rather too 
 free with the stimulants that provoked their merriment. 
 When Frank Beaumont was paying a visit in the country, 
 be felt the loss of these highly-seasoned festivities, and 
 thus pours out his troubles into the bosom of his corre 
 spondent, Rare Ben: 
 
 "Methinks the little wit I had is lost 
 Since I saw you ; for wit is like a rest 
 Held up at Tennis, which men do the best 
 With the best gamesters. What things have we seen 
 Done at the Mermaid ! heard words that have been 
 So nimble, and so full of subtile flame, 
 As if that every one, from whom they came, 
 Had meant to put his whole wit in a jest, 
 And had resolved to live a fool the rest 
 Of his dull life." 
 
 It had been better for the whole company had they loved 
 their own firesides more and the Mermaids and Apollos 
 less. Of this gay circle Master Shakspeare was a promi 
 nent member, and good old Thomas Fuller tells us 
 
 " Many were the wit-combats [" wet-combats," the last edition of 
 Fuller, from which we quote, prints it] betwixt him and Ben Jon- 
 son; which two I behold like a Spanish great galleon and an English 
 man-of-war : Master Jonson (like the former) was built far higher 
 in learning ; solid, but slow in his performances. Shakspeare, with 
 the English man-of-war, lesser in bulk but lighter in sailing, could 
 turn with all tides, tack about, and take advantage of all winds, by 
 the quickness of his wit and invention." Worthies of England, 
 Lon., 1840, iii. 284-285. 
 
 As Fuller was only eight years of age when Shakspeare 
 died, he of course does not intend us to understand the 
 word " behold" in its literal sense. Jonson was not always 
 disposed to engage in these wit-combats, for, as Fuller 
 himself tells us in another place, 
 
 " He would sit silent in a learned company, and suck in (besides 
 wine) their several humours into his observation. What was ore 
 in others, he was able to refine to himself. 
 
 " He was paramount in the dramatic part of poetry, and taught 
 the stage an exact conformity to the laws of comedians. His co 
 medies were above the volge, (which are only tickled with downright 
 obscenity,) and took not so well at the first stroke as at the rebound, 
 when beheld the second time : yea, they will endure reading and 
 that due commendation so long as either ingenuity or learning are 
 fashionable in our nation. If his later be not so spriteful and vigor 
 ous as his first pieces, all that are old will, and all that desire to 
 be old should, excuse him therein." Ibid., ii. 425. 
 
 " The most learned, judicious, and correct, generally so accounted, 
 of our English Comedians, and the more admired for being so, for 
 that neither the height of natural parts, for he was no Shak 
 speare, nor the cost of extraordinary education, for he is reported 
 but a bricklayer's son, but his own proper industry and addiction 
 to books advanced him to this perfection." PhiUips's Theat. Poet. 
 Anglic. ; Brydges's ed., 1800, 241-250, q. v. 
 
 The comparison between Shakspeare and Jonson whom 
 before Gifford's Memoir it was the fashion to represent as 
 the enemy and vilifier of his illustrious brother is a fa 
 vourite topic with many critics. It is not omitted in Dry- 
 den's admirable summary of the literary characteristics 
 of Ben Jonson : 
 
 " As for Jonson, to whose character I am now arrived, if we look 
 upon him while he was himself, (for his last plays were but his 
 dotages,) I think him the most learned and judicious writer which 
 any theatre ever had. He was a most severe judge of himself as 
 well as others. One cannot say he wanted wit, but rather that he 
 was frugal of it. In his works you find little to retrench or alter. 
 Wit and language, and humour also in some measure, we had before 
 him, but something of art was wanting to the drama before he 
 came. He managed his strength to more advantage than any 
 which preceded him. You seldom find him making love in any 
 of his scenes, or endeavouring to move the passions : his genius 
 was too sullen and saturnine to do it gracefully, especially when 
 he knew he came after those who had performed both to such a 
 height. Humour was his proper sphere, and in that he delighted 
 most to present mechanical people. He was deeply conversant in 
 the ancients, both Greek and Latin, and he borrowed boldly from 
 them . There is scarce a poet or historian among the Roman authors 
 of those times whom he has not translated in ' Sejanus' or ' Catiline.' 
 But he has done his robberies so openly that one may see he fears 
 not to be taxed by any law. He invades authors like a monarch, 
 and what would be theft in other poets is only victory hi him. 
 With the spoils of these writers, he so represents Old Rome to us, 
 in its rites, ceremonies, and customs, that if one of their poets had 
 written either of his tragedies, we had seen less of it than in him. 
 If there was any fault in his language, it was that he weaved it too 
 closely and laboriously, in his comedies especially ; perhaps, too, he 
 did a little too much Romanize our language, leaving the words he 
 translated almost as much Latin as he found them, wherein, though 
 he learnedly followed their language, he did not enough comply 
 with the idioms of ours. If I would compare him with Shak- 
 apeare, I must acknowledge him the most correct poet, but Shak- 
 ipeare the greater wit. Shakspeare was the Homer or father of 
 
 dramatic poets, Jonson was the Virgil, the pattern of elaborate 
 writing. I admire him, but I love Shakspeare." 
 
 Sir Walter Scott thus contrasts Jonson and Shakspeare: 
 
 " The one is like an ancient statue, the beanty of which, spring 
 ing from the exactness of the proportion, does not always strike at 
 first sight, but rises upon us as we bestow time in considering it ; 
 the other is the representation of a monster, which is at first only 
 surprising, and ludicrous and disgusting ever after." Life of 
 Dryden. 
 
 The following lines from an old play, entitled Retvrne 
 from Pernassvs, pub. in 1606, (ten years before Shakspeare's 
 death,) are too pertinent to our subject to be omitted: 
 " Who loues Adonis loue, or Lucre's rape, 
 His sweeter verse contaynes hart robbing life, 
 Could but a grauer subiect him content, 
 Without loue's foolish lazy languishment." Act I. Scene II. 
 
 " Few of the vniuersity pen plaies well : they smell too much of 
 that writer Quid, and that writer Metamorphosis, and talke too 
 much of Proserpina < luppiter. Why heres our fellow Shakespeare 
 puts them all downe, I and Ben lonson too. that Ben lonson is 
 a pestilent fellow, he brought vp Horace giuing the Poets a pill, but 
 our fellow Shakespeare hath giuen him a purge that made him 
 beray his credit." Act IV. Scene III. 
 
 We would fain quote from Hazlitt's lively comparison 
 between these two great poets, but this our space forbids. 
 The reader must himself turn to Lecture II. of the series 
 on the English Comic Writers. See also^in addition to 
 the authorities cited above, Athen. Oxon. ; Kurd's Horace's 
 Art of Poetry ; Hume's Hist, of England ; Gibber's Lives 
 of the Poets ; Lamb's Characteristics of Dramat. Writers 
 contemp. with Shakspeare; Drake's Shakspeare and his 
 Times ; Biog. Brit, ; Biog. Dramat. ; Chalmers's Biog. 
 Diet. ; Drake's Essays ; Disraeli's Curiosities of Literature, 
 and his Quarrels of Authors; Whalley's Life of Johnson 
 prefixed to his ed. of his Works ; Dibdin's Lib. Comp. ; 
 Spence's Anecdotes; Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe; 
 Whipple's Essays and Reviews; Lon. Retrosp. Rev., 3820, 
 i. 181 ; Fraser's Mag., xxv. 377 ; Index to Blackwood's 
 Mag., vols. i.-l. ; Lon. Gent, Mag., 1823, Pt. 2, 223, (an in 
 teresting account of opening Ben Jonson's grave and exa 
 mining his skeleton in August, 1823 ;) N. British Review, 
 Feb. 1856. The commendations of the Great Earl of Cla 
 rendon and Lord Falkland (both personal friends of 
 Jonson) are too weighty, and the poetical portrait of 
 Churchill too admirably drawn, to be omitted in a bio 
 graphical article of Rare Ben Jonson. 
 
 " His name," says Lord Clarendon, " can never be forgotten, having 
 by his very good learning, and the severity of his nature and man 
 ners, very much reformed the stage ; and indeed the English poetry 
 itself. His natural advantages were, judgment to order and govern 
 fancy, rather than excess of fancy ; his productions being slow and 
 upon deliberation, yet then abounding with great wit and tancy, and 
 will live accordingly ; and surely as he did exceedingly exalt the Eng 
 lish language in eloquence, propriety, and masculine expressions, so 
 he was the best judge of, and fitted to prescribe rules to, poetry and 
 poets, of any man who had lived with, or before him, or since : if 
 Mr. Cowley had not made a flight beyond all men, with that modesty 
 
 Jet as to ascribe much of this to the example of learning of Ben 
 onson. His conversation was very good, and with the men of 
 most note." 
 
 The assertion last quoted is supported by the testimony 
 of the other nobleman whom we have mentioned as one 
 of the poet's admiring friends : 
 
 " To him how daily flock'd, what reverence gave, 
 All that had wit, or would be thought to have ; 
 How the wise too did with mere wits agree, 
 As Pembroke, Portland, and grave D' Aubigny ; 
 Nor thought the rigid'st senator a shame 
 To add his praise to so deserv'd a fame!" 
 
 Lord Falkland's Ed. 
 
 Churchill's lifelike portrait must conclude an article 
 which has grown on our hands considerably beyond our 
 intended limits : 
 
 " Next Jonson sat, in ancient learning train'd : 
 His rigid judgment Fancy's flight restrain'd, 
 Correctly prun'd each wild luxuriant thought, 
 Mark'd out her course, nor spar'd a glorious fault. 
 The book of man he read with nicest art, 
 And ransack'd all the secrets of the heart ; 
 Excited Penetration's utmost force, 
 And trac'd each passion to its proper source ; 
 Then, strongly mark'd, in liveliest colours drew, 
 And brought each foible forth to public view. 
 The coxcomb felt a lash in every word, 
 And fools, hung out, their brother fools deterr'd; 
 His comic humour kept the world in awe, 
 And laughter frighten'd folly more than law." 
 
 The Rosciad. 
 
 Jonson. See JOHNSON. 
 
 Jonston, John. Under this name Watt has erro 
 neously repeated the entry of Auditor Benson's edit, of 
 Arthur Johnston's Psalmi Davidici, fcc. See JOHNSTON, 
 ARTHUR. 
 
 Jonston. See JOHNSTON. 
 Jonstonus, anglice JOHNSTON. 
 Joplin, Thomas. 1. Analysis of the Currency Ques 
 tion, Lon., 8vo. 2. Evidence on the Bank Charter, &o., 
 
JOP 
 
 JOS 
 
 8vo. 3. Banking in England and Scotland, Svo. 4. Il 
 lustrations of Views on Currency, Svo. 5. Views on Corn 
 and Currency, Svo. 6. Outlines of a System of Political 
 Economy, 1S23, Svo. See Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxi. 126-145. 
 7. On Currency Reform, 1844, Svo. 
 
 Jopling, Joseph. 1. Architect. Designs for Agri 
 cultural Buildings, Lon., 4to. 2. Practice of Isometrical 
 Perspective ; 2d ed., 1842, Svo. 
 
 "Preferable to the common perspective on many accounts." 
 PROF. FARISH. 
 
 " Peculiarly deserving the attention of Mechanics and Engineers." 
 DR. 0. GREGORY. 
 
 3. New ed. of Dr. Brook Taylor's Principles of Linear 
 Perspective, with addits., Svo. 
 
 Jopp, Thomas. Reform of Parliament, 1816, Svo. 
 
 Jordan, G. W. Tracts on the W. Indies, 1804, 16mo. 
 
 Jordan, Henry. Practical Observations on the Pre 
 servation of the Teeth, Lon., 1851, 12mo ; 2d ed., 1854, 12mo. 
 
 " Contains all that is essential to be known upon the general 
 management of the teeth." Brit, and For. Med.-Chir. Rev. 
 
 Jordan, Rev. John. Theolog. works, Lon., 1837-47. 
 
 Jordan, John, Jr. See OGDEN, JOHN COSENS. 
 
 Jordan, Thomas, an actor, and afterwards Poet- 
 Laureate for the City of London, supposed to have died 
 about 1685, was author of four plays and a number of 
 poems, masques, <fec., for an account of which see Lang- 
 baine's Dramat. Poets; Biog. Dramat; CensuraLiteraria; 
 Restituta; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; Dibdin's Lib. Comp. 
 
 Jorden, Edward, 1569-1632, a London physician, a 
 native of Kent, pub. four medical treatises, 1603-31. 
 
 Jortin, John, D.D., 1698-1770, a native of St. Giles's, 
 Middlesex, admitted of Jesus College, Cambridge, (of 
 which he became Fellow,) 1715; Rector of St Dunstan- 
 in-the-East, London, 1751; Vicar of Kensington, and 
 Preb. of St. Paul's, 1762 ; Archdeacon of London, 1764. 
 He was a man of great learning, fine taste, and much vi 
 vacity of imagination, an accomplished critic, and a warm 
 friend to the diffusion of sound knowledge. His principal 
 works are the following. 1. Lusus Poetici, Lon., 1722 ; 
 1748, 4to. These are a few Latin poems. There is said 
 to be a 3d ed. 2. Four Serms. on the Truth of the Chris 
 tian Religion, 1730, Svo. 3. Miscellaneous Remarks on 
 Authors Ancient and Modern, 1731-32, 2 vols. Svo. Dr. 
 J. wrote the most of these remarks ; but they also contain 
 contributions by Masson, Taylor, Wasse, Theobald, Robin 
 son, Upton, Thirlby, and others. The work was trans, 
 into Latin, and pub. at Amsterdam. 4. Discourses on the 
 Truth of the Christian Religion, 1746, '52, Svo. New ed. 
 See No. 5. 
 
 " They abound with sound sense and solid argument." DR. Vi- 
 CESIMUS KNOX. 
 
 5. Remarks on Ecclesiastical History, 1751-73, 5 vols. 
 Svo. New ed., together with a new ed. of No. 4, and a 
 Life of the Author, by Dr. Heathcote, 1805, 3 vols. Svo. 
 New ed. of Remarks on Ecclesiastical History, edited by 
 the Rev. W. Trollope, 1846, 2 vols. Svo. It has been re 
 marked that this work might properly be entitled Curiosi 
 ties of Ecclesiastical History. The Remarks 
 " do not embrace a regular series of facts, but point out the pro 
 minent parts and circumstances of the general subject, with inte 
 resting remarks." Dr. E. Wittiams's C. P., ed. 1843, 325, q. v. 
 
 " Once, and rarely more than once, he rose to eloquence ; and 
 that was in the preface to his Remarks, &c., which the late Dr. 
 Gosset told me he regularly read through, every year, with undi- 
 minished delight. . . . The Remarks are excellent, pithy, learned, 
 candid, and acute ; presenting us with the marrow of his predeces 
 sors." Dibdin's Lib. Comp. 
 
 " Dr. Jortin has, in a little compass, taken notice of so many facts, 
 and animadverted on them with so much judgment, that this work 
 will ever be held in deserved repute." BISHOP WATSON. 
 
 " Critical, but wanting in more important things." Bickerstith's 
 
 as. 
 
 " He is judicious, temperate, candid, and benevolent." HALES. 
 " The character of his work is too well established to requii 
 recommendation." BOGUE. 
 
 require 
 
 His remarks are highly interesting and impartial. . . . They 
 are full of manly sense, ingenious strictures, and profound erudition. 
 It is a work highly beneficial to mankind, as it represents in its 
 proper light that superstition which disgraced human nature, and 
 gives a right sense of the advantages derived from religious refor 
 mation." DR. V. KNOX. 
 
 " The Remarks of Jortin are a vulgar caricature, distinguished 
 not more for their heartlessness and the absence of every noble 
 feeling, than for the author's shameful ignorance of the subject 
 which he presumed to handle." DR. DOWLINO. 
 
 In Rose's Lecture on the Study of Church History will 
 be found some severe strictures on Jortin's Remarks. 
 
 6. Six Dissertations upon different subjects, 1755, Svo; 
 1809, Svo. 
 
 " Dr. Jortin, in one of his Six Dissertations, (half a dozen too 
 many,) thus paints the portrait of Achilles," Ac PROFESSOR JOHN 
 WILSON : Essays Critical and Imaginative, Edin. and Lon., 1857, iv. 
 166, q. v. 
 
 "Equally remarkable for taste, learning, originality, and inge 
 nuity." DR. V. Kxox. 
 
 Bishop Warburton thought otherwise, as the Sixth Dis 
 sertation proved so conclusively the great antiquity of the 
 doctrine of a future state as to overthrow the prelate's 
 leading and most absurd position in The Divine Legation 
 of Moses. Hurd, therefore, ever ready for such service, 
 took up the cudgels for his friend, and Warburton, in his 
 letters to Hurd, attacks Jortin with his usual arrogance, 
 petulance, and indecency. See Disraeli's Quarrels of 
 Authors, in Miscell. of Lit., ed. Lon., 1840, 166; Lord 
 Jeffrey's Contrib. to Edin. Rev., 1853, 889-890; Black- 
 wood's Mag., xxix. 901; and authorities cited below. 
 
 7. The Life of Erasmus, with Remarks on his Works, 
 1758-60, 2 vols. 4to ; 1806, 3 vols. 8vo. Vol. iii. is com 
 posed entirely of Original Documents, and extracts from 
 the writings of Erasmus and other writers. An abridgment 
 of Jortin's Life of Erasmus was pub. by A. Laycey, Lon., 
 1805, Svo. 
 
 " Having been long an object of universal admiration, it is a 
 matter of surprise that his life has never been written with accu 
 racy and judgment. This task was reserved for Dr. Jortin; and 
 the avidity with which it is read by the learned is a proof of the 
 merit of the execution." DR. V. KNOX. 
 
 " The ease, simplicity, and vigour of this engaging writer, (I 
 speak of the biographer,) who negligently scatters learning and 
 vivacity on every subject which he treats, are here exercised on a 
 most congenial topic." Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., Ipswich, 
 1810, (4to,) p. 13. 
 
 " In his Life of Erasmus, Jortin shewed himself to be little more 
 than a translator of Le Clerc. A subject of the greatest is made 
 by him one of comparatively small interest. The work is little 
 better than a dry journal of facts, stitched together. ... It is use 
 fully and carefully compiled, but wholly unanimated by a stroke 
 of genius. The life of one of the greatest wits of his age has pro 
 duced only sombre biographies. . . . These volumes . . . ore doubt 
 less unworthy of their author." Dibdin's Lib. Cbmp. 
 
 " Dr. Johnson thought Jortin's Life of Erasmus a dull book." 
 Johnsoniana. 
 
 "Every scholar well read in the writings of Erasmus and hia 
 contemporaries must have discovered that Jortin has neither col 
 lected sufficient nor the best materials for his work ; and perhaps 
 for that very cause he grew weary of his task before he had made 
 a full use of the scanty materials which he had collected." S. T. 
 COLERIDGE. 
 
 See The Friend, vol. i. 226 ; Horace Walpole's Letters 
 to Lord Hertford, 250-252 ; authorities cited below. 
 
 8. Serms. on Different Subjects, edited by the author's 
 son, Rogers Jortin, of Lincoln's Inn, 1771, 4 vols. 8vo; 
 reprinted, with the addition of three vols., 1772, 7 vols. Svo; 
 1774, 7 vols. Svo; 1787, 7 vols. Svo. New eds., 1S09, 4 
 vols. Svo; 1836, 4 vols. Svo. Abridged by the Rev. G. 
 Whitaker, 1825, 3 vols. 8vo ; 1826, 3 vols. Svo ; 1828, 3 
 vols. Svo. 
 
 " In these Sermons good sense and sound morality appear, ^Cov' 
 indeed, dressed out in the meretricious ornaments of a florid style, 
 but in all the manly force and simple graces of natural eloquence. 
 They will always be read with pleasure and edification." Dr. V. 
 Knox's .Essays. 
 
 " He was a ready, off-hand, and dexterous scholar ; yet his style, 
 even in his sermons, wants what the French call ' onction.' " Dib~ 
 din's Lib. Omp. 
 
 "Jortin's Sermons are very elegant." DR. JOHNSON : BoswdPs 
 Life, <&. 
 
 " Classical but cold." Lon. Quar. Rev. 
 
 9. Tracts, Philological, Critical, and Miscellaneous, 
 1790, 2 vols. Svo. Pub. by the author's son. 
 
 " The various treatises in these volumes are highly commended 
 by Bishop Newton, T. Warton, and Dr. Knox." 
 
 It is to be regretted that, in these days of republication 
 of standard authors, a collective ed. of the works of Dr. 
 Jortin should still be a desideratum. Mr. Strong, of Exe 
 ter, some years since, offered a set of all of this divine's 
 works, together with Disney's Life of Jortin, in all 22 vols. 
 8vo, for 8 8s. For further information respecting this 
 excellent writer, see Dr. John Disney's Life of Jortin, 1792, 
 Svo; Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Chalmers's Biog. Diet : Black- 
 wood's Mag., xxix. 901-902; xxx. 851; xxxiii. 873. 
 
 " The works of Bishop Warburton and Dr. Jortin will speak for 
 them better than any private commendation: they were two very 
 extraordinary men ; they were both men of great parts and abili 
 ties, both men of uncommon learning and erudition, both able 
 critics, both copious writers. . . . Every thing that proceeds from 
 Jortin is of value, whether in poetry, criticism, or divinity." 
 BISHOP NEWTON. 
 
 " A poet, a divine, a philosopher, and a man, Dr. Jortin served 
 the cause of religion, learning, and morality." DR. V. KNOX. 
 
 " Dr. Jortin was an accomplished classical scholar: his style often 
 bears a resemblance to that of Xenophon, in ease, Ac." WILLIAMS. 
 
 " As to Jortin, whether I look back to his verse, to his prose, to 
 his critical or to his theological works, there are few authors to 
 whom I am so much indebted for rational entertainment or for solid 
 instruction." DR. PARR: Parr's Tracts by a Warburtonian, q. tj. 
 
 Joscelin de Brakelonde, almoner of the Abbey 
 of St. Edmund's, 1211, wrote a history of the affairs of his 
 abbey, 1173-1201, and a book on the pretended miracles 
 of St Robert An edit of Joscelin's Chronicle, from the 
 
JOS 
 
 JUD 
 
 Latin original, was pub. by the Camden Society, edited by 
 J. Gage Rokewode, 1840, 4to, and a trans, of this ed., with 
 Notes, Introduction, Ac., by T. E. Tomlins, 1843, 8vo. 
 See these works and Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo-Nor 
 man Period, 1846. 
 
 " The author [Joscelin] appears to have been well acquainted with 
 the common Latin authors, But his latinity is singularly unclassical 
 and inelegant." WRIGHT, ubi supra. 
 
 Joseph of Exeter, or Josephus Iscanus, an 
 Anglo -Latin poet temp. Richard I., a native of Devonshire, 
 wrote two epic poerns in Latin heroics: the' first, in six 
 books, is on the Trojan war; the other is entitled Antio- 
 cheis, the War of Antioch. Of the last, the only fragment 
 which remains (22 lines) will be found in Warton's Hist, 
 of English Poetry, and in Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo- 
 Norman Period. Leland also attributes to Joseph epi 
 grams and love-verses, (Nugae Amatoriae,) and it is asserted 
 that he wrote in Latin verse De Institutione Cyri; but no 
 such productions are known to be extant. For an account 
 of the edits, of the poem De Bello Trojano, see Wright, 
 ubi supra. See also Leland; Bale; Pits; Prince's Worthies 
 of Devon; Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet.; The Sketch- 
 Book, (art. on The Mutability of Literature,) by Washing 
 ton Irving. 
 
 "A miracle of this age in classical composition was Joseph of 
 Exeter, commonly called Josephus Iscanus. . . . He appears to have 
 possessed no common command of poetical phraseology, and wanted 
 nothing but a knowledge of the Virgilian chastity. His style is a 
 mixture of Ovid, Statius, and Claudian, who seem then to have 
 been the popular patterns." Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet., ed. Lon., 
 1840, vol. i. cxxvii., cxxviii. 
 
 Warton remarks that Italy had at that time produced 
 no poet comparable to Josephus Iscanus. It has been 
 stated that this poet died about 1224, but of the true date 
 nothing is certainly known. 
 
 Joseph of Oxford. Henochismus ; sive Tractatus 
 de Modo Ambulandi cum Deo, Oxf., 1762, 8vo. 
 
 Joseph, Nahum, editor of Robertson's Compendious 
 Hebrew Dictionary, 1814, 8vo, and of his Hebrew New 
 Testament, Bath, 1814, 12mo. 
 Josephus Iscanus. See JOSEPH OF EXETER. 
 Joslin, B. F. 1. Causes and Homoeopathic Treatment 
 of Cholera, N. York, 1849, '54, 18mo. 2. Principles of Ho 
 moeopathy, 1850, 12mo. 
 
 Joslin, Mrs. B. F. Clement of Rome ; a Legend of 
 the Sixteenth Century. With an Introduc. by Prof. Tayler 
 Lewis, N. York, 18ino. 
 
 Josse, Augustin E. 1. French and Spanish Gram 
 mars, Ac., 1799-1802. 2. Juvenile Biography, 1801, '03, 
 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 Josseline, John, pub. several Saxon Collections, &c., 
 1568-1620. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. 
 
 Josselyn, John, paid a visit of fifteen months to New 
 England, 1638-39, and another one of eight years and a 
 half, 1663-71. He pub. his impressions of the country in 
 two works, viz. : 1. New England's Rarities Discovered, 
 in Birds, Beasts, Fishes, Serpents, and Plants of that 
 Country, Ac., with Cuts, Lon., 1672, '74, '75, 8vo. 2. An 
 Account of two Voyages to New England, &c., 1674, 12mo. 
 A Chronological Table of the most Remarkable Passages, 
 from the First Discovery of the Continent of America to 
 1673, is appended to the above. 
 
 "The relation is curious and faithful: when the author makes 
 his own remarks, they are in the oddest uncouth expressions ima 
 ginable." JOHN LOCKE: The Philosopher. 
 
 "Contains a variety of curious facts regarding medicine and sur 
 gery: the author, however, appears a little credulous." Watt's 
 Bibl. Brit. 
 
 A little credulous certainly, for he tells us, " Some frogs, 
 when they sit upon their breech, are a foot high;" "barley 
 frequently degenerates into oats." See Sullivan's Maine; 
 Hutchinson, i. 267, 268; Douglass, ii. 71; Allen's Amer. 
 Biog. Diet. The collector of American History is not 
 obliged to give implicit credence to all the marvellous 
 stories of this eccentric raconteur, but he must by no means 
 neglect to secure his rare volumes when they are within 
 his reach. 
 
 Josselyn, Robert. The Faded Flower, and other 
 Songs, Bost., 1849, 12mo. 
 
 Jossy. Descrip. of Switzerland, 1814, 2 vols. 
 Jourdan, Sil. A Discovery of the Barmvdas; other 
 wise called the Isle of Divels, Lon., 1610, 4to. Reprinted 
 in vol. v. of the new edit, of Hakluyt's Voyages. See 
 HAKLTJYT, RICHARD. 
 
 Jowett, Rev. B. Epistles to the Thessalonians, Ga- 
 latians, and Romans, Lon., 1855, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Jowett, Joseph, pub. several collections of sacred 
 music, serms., Ac. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 440. 
 
 " There is much good writing in his sermons which raises them 
 above the ordinary class of village discourses." Lon.Chris.Rememb. 
 
 Jowett, Rev. William, travelling agent of the 
 Church (of England) Missionary Society. 1. Christian 
 Researches in the Mediterranean, 1815-20, Lon., 1822, 
 8vo. 2. Christian Researches in Syria and the Holy Land, 
 1823-24, 8vo, 1825. Bickersteth's Christian Student 
 remarks that these vols. contain " much wisdom and piety." 
 An interesting notice of the last vol., with extracts, will 
 be found in the Note-Book of a Literary Idler, No. III. ; 
 Blackw. Mag., xviii. 591-595. 
 
 Mr. Jowett also pub. several theological works. 
 
 Joy, Lord Chief-Baron. On the Evidence of Ac 
 complices, DubL, 1836, 8vo. 
 
 Joy, Joye, or Gee, George, otherwise Clarke, or 
 Clerke, d. 1550, a zealous advocate of the Reformation, 
 and a printer in England and on the Continent, trans, 
 some portions of the Bible into English, and pub. a number 
 of theolog. treatises. See Tanner; Bale; Lewis's Hist, 
 of the Translations of the Bible ; Cotton's do. ; Dibdin's 
 Typ. Antiq. of G. Brit. ; Richmond's Fathers, i. 532. 
 
 Joy, H. H. 1. Confessions and Challenge of Jurors, 
 &c., DubL, 1842, 8vo. 2. Peremptory Challenge of Jurors, 
 Ac., 1844, 8vo. 
 
 Joyce, Rev. James. 1. Lay of Truth, a Poem, 8vo. 
 2. Treatise on Love to God, 1822, 8vo. 
 
 "An interesting work by a refined mind." Bickersteth's C. S. 
 
 Joyce, Jeremiah, 1764-1816, a Unitarian minister, 
 pub. a number of serms. and educational works, of which 
 the Scientific Dialogues for the Young is still in use, and 
 six eds. were pub. between 1846 and '57. 
 
 " Mrs. Marcet's Conversations and Joyce's Dialogues should be 
 studied by any one who wishes to write in this style with pro 
 priety." ion. Athencwm, 1839, 130-131. 
 
 The last ed. of Joyce's Familiar Introduction to the 
 Arts and Sciences was pub. in 1852, 8vo. 
 
 Joyner, William, alias Lyde, 1622-1706, Fellow 
 of Magdalene College. 1. The Roman Empress, a Comedy, 
 Lon., 1670, 4to. 2. Observations on the Life of Cardinal 
 Pole, 1686, 8vo. 3. Latin and English poems scattered in 
 several books, 1640, Ac. See Athen. Oxon. ; Biog. Dramat. 
 
 Joynes, Clement. Essay on New Experiments, 8vo. 
 
 Joynes, W. T. Essay on Limitations, Ac., Richmond, 
 
 1844, 8vo. 
 
 Jubb, George. Linguae Hebraicae Studium Juven- 
 tuti Academicae, Oxon., 1781, 4to. 
 
 Judd, Daniel. 1. Asparagus; Trans. Hortic. Soc.. 
 1816. 2. Celery; Ibid., 1818. 
 
 Judd, Sylvester, 1813-1853, a native of Westhamp- 
 ton, Hampshire county, Massachusetts, graduated at Yale 
 College in 1836, entered the Divinity School at Harvard 
 University in 1837, and was installed as pastor of the 
 Unitarian church in Augusta, Maine, in 1840, which sta 
 tion he retained until his death. 1. Margaret, a Tale of 
 the Real and Ideal, Blight and Bloom; including Sketches 
 of a Place not before described, called Mons Christi, Bost., 
 
 1845, 12mo; 2d ed., 1851, 2 vols. 12mo. In 1856 were 
 pub., by J. S. Redfield, N. York, 30 Compositions in Out 
 line, illustrative of as many scenes in Margaret, by Felix 
 0. C. Darley, engraved by Konrad Huber. 
 
 " The story of Margaret is the most emphatically American book 
 ever written." J. R. LOWELL : N. Amer. Rev., Ixix. 209. 
 
 Reviewed by W. B. 0. Peabody, in the North American 
 Review, Ixii. 102-141 ; Ixxxiv. 535. See also Chris. Exam., 
 xxxix. 418 ; South. Quar. Rev., ix. 507 ; J. R. Lowell's Fable 
 for Critics; Lon. Athenaeum, March 14, 1857, p. 347. Of 
 the Compositions in Outline, the Athenaeum remarks : 
 
 "This book of illustrations is the best thing American Art has 
 yet produced. The drawings are original, graceful, and purely 
 national." 
 
 2. Philo : an Evangeliad, 1850, 12mo. Reviewed by A. 
 P. Peabody, in the North Amer. Rev., Ixx. 433-443. 3. 
 Richard Edney, and the Governor's Family, 1850, 12mo. 
 Reviewed in the North Amer. Rev., Ixxii. 493-505. 4. The 
 Church; in a Series of Discourses, 1854, 12mo. Mr. Judd 
 left in MS. a dramatic piece in five acts, entitled The White 
 Hills, an American Tragedy. For further details respect 
 ing this author and his productions, see the Life and Cha 
 racter of the Rev. Sylvester Judd, 1854, 12mo, (by Miss 
 Arethusa Hall,) and a review of this vol. in the North 
 Amer. Rev., Ixxx. 420-439. 
 
 Judkin, Rev. Thomas James. 1. Church and 
 Home Psalmody, Lon., 1831, 18mo. 2. By-gone Moods; 
 or, Hues of Fancy and Feeling, from the Spring to the 
 Autumn of Life, 1856, p. 8vo. Contains about 270 original 
 Sonnets, of the Petrarchan school. They were written at 
 various periods of life. 
 
 Judson, Adoniram, D.D., b. Aug. 9, 1788, at Mai 
 den, Mass., d. 1850, at sea, on his voyage to Rangoon, a 
 Baptist divine, the founder of the Burmah Mission in 1815, 
 wrote a work on Christian Baptism, (recently repub.,) Ac., 
 
JUD 
 
 JUN 
 
 and trans, the Bible, a Dictionary, and a number of tracts, 
 into the Burmese tongue. His 1st ed. of the Bible in 
 Burmese was pub. in 1835, 3 vols. 8vo ; 2d ed., revised and 
 much improved, 1840, thick 4to. His Burmese and Eng 
 lish Dictionary was compiled from his papers by E. A. 
 Stevens, and printed at Moulmein in 1852. It is the only 
 one ever compiled of the Burmese language. See his life, 
 by J. Clement, Auburn, N.Y., 1852, 12mo ; Sketch of his 
 Character and Labors, by Mrs. H. C. Conant, Bost., 12mo ; 
 Incidents in his Life, Lon., 1852, 12mo; Memoirs of his 
 Life and Labors, by Francis Wayland, D.D., President of 
 Brown University, 1853, 2 vols. 12mo, Lon., 1853, 2 vols. 
 12mo; Records of his Life, Character, and Achievements, 
 by Rev. D. T. Middleditch, of Redbank, N. Jersey, N.York, 
 1854, 12mo. Of Dr. Wayland's biography such was the 
 interest felt in the labours of the excellent Judson 25,000 
 copies were sold in sixty days. See also Bost. Chris. Rev., 
 xiii. 259, xiv. 421 ; Lon. Gent. Mag., March, 1854, 286. 
 
 Judson, Mrs. Anne Haseltine, 1789-1826, a na 
 tive of Bradford, Mass., was married to the preceding in 
 1812, and proved a faithful ally in his efforts for the con 
 version of the heathen, and a skilful diplomatist in affairs 
 of state. She wrote some tracts for her Burmese pupils, 
 and an excellent Account of the American Baptist Mission 
 to the Burman Empire, Lon., 1825, 8vo. See Memoir of 
 Anne H. Judson, by Rev. Jas. D. Knowles ; 2d ed., Bost., 
 1829, 12mo; fifty-seventh thousand, Bost., 1857, 18mo. 
 Life of Mrs. A. H. Judson, pub. by Amer. S. S. Union, 
 Phila., 18mo ; Lives of the Three Mrs. Judson, by Mrs. 
 Arabella M. Willson, N. York, 1851, '55, 12mo ; Jarnieson's 
 Cyc. of Relig. Biog., Lon., 1853, p. Svo; Bost. Chris. Exam., 
 vi. 252, by F. Parkman. 
 
 Judson, Mrs. Emily, formerly Miss Chubbnck, 
 1817-1854, better known by her nom de plume of Fanny 
 Forester, a native of Eaton, New York, became, in June, 
 1846, the third wife of the Rev. Dr. Adoniram Judson, the 
 founder of the Burmah Mission, and immediately after 
 wards accompanied her husband to India. After Dr. Jud- 
 son's decease in 1850, Mrs. Judson returned to the United 
 States, in impaired health, and, after a lingering illness, 
 died at the residence of her brother, at Hamilton, New 
 York. Among her first contributions to literature were 
 several small vols. of a religious character, issued by the 
 Baptist Publication Society, and poetical essays in the 
 Knickerbocker Magazine. In 1844, she sent a paper to 
 The New York Weekly Mirror, under the signature of 
 Fanny Forester, which was so fortunate as to elicit the 
 enthusiastic commendation of Mr. N. P. Willis, editor of 
 that periodical. Encouraged by this, she contributed to 
 his columns a number of essays, sketches, and poems, of 
 which a collection appeared in 2 vols. in 1846, under the 
 title of Alderbrook. These met with such favour, that the 
 sale in America from the date of publication to the year 185; 
 amounted to 33,000 vols. Mrs. Judson subsequently gave 
 to the world A Memoir of Mrs. Sarah B. Judson, N. York 
 1849, 18mo; The Olio, or Domestic Poems, 1852, 12mo 
 The Kathayan Slave, and other Papers connected with 
 Missionary Life, Bost., 1853, 16mo; My Two Sisters, a 
 Sketch from Memory, [prose,] 1854, 18mo, &c. The fol 
 lowing vols. were pub. before Mrs. Judson's marriage. 1 
 Charles Linn; or, How to Observe, 18mo. 2. The Grea 
 Secret ; or, How to be Happy, 18mo. 3. Allen Lucas ; or 
 The Self-Made Man, 18ino. The three are also all pub 
 in 1 vol., under the title of How to be Great, Gobd, and 
 Happy. 4. Trippings in Author-Land, 12mo. 
 
 " She has a mind of the purest quality, simple, truthful, imagi 
 native, fertile, and genial. We have never expressed one-half o 
 the admiration we have felt for that rare, most rare, quality of he 
 mind, its unerring, unbroken weaving of truth and nature through 
 all its fancies. Eminently fruitful as it is, a sunbeam is not mor 
 direct, pure, and honest, than that same feminine and delicate fancy 
 Her books are delightful to read for this reason. The heart second 
 the attention given to them with constant recognition." N. P 
 WILLIS. 
 
 The Memoir of Mrs. Sarah B. Judson was repub. i 
 London in 1848; 2d ed., 1849, 12mo; 3d ed., 1856, 12mo 
 In an Introductory Notice by Edward Bean Underbill, i 
 is commended as a beautiful biographical production, from 
 which eulogy the critic of the London Athenaeum thu 
 expresses his dissent : 
 
 " We cannot share Mr. Underbill's admiration for Miss Emily C 
 Chubbuck's style as an authoress. The tomb of the second M 
 Judson is by her hung with artificial flowers of the most tawdr 
 and commonplace quality. Without simplicity there is neithe 
 charm nor profit in narratives of this kind : and ' Fanny Foreste 
 seems to have avoided simplicity with unusual fervour, and entirel 
 to have succeeded in her escape from it." Nov. 11, 1848, p. 1123. 
 
 See Lives of the Three Mrs. Judson, by Mrs. A. 
 Willson, N. York, 1851, '55, 12mo; Griswold's Femal 
 
 'oets of America; N. Amer. Rev.,lxviii. 434; The Female 
 'oets of America, by Mrs. E. F. Ellet; Chris. Exam., xlii. 
 93, (by L. J. Hall.) It is understood that a Life of Mrs. 
 udson, by Dr. A. C. Kendrick, of Rochester, New York, 
 s now (1857) in course of preparation. 
 
 Judson, Mrs. Sarah B., 1803-1845, a native of Al- 
 tead, New Hampshire, was married in 1825 to the Rer. 
 Gteorge Boardman, who died in 1831, and in 1835 she be- 
 ame the second wife of the Rev. Adoniram Judson. The 
 >arting poem, addressed to the latter when she was about 
 ailing for America, has been much admired. See the 
 hree preceding articles. 
 
 Jukes, Andrew. 1. Principles of Prophetic Inter 
 relation, (Hulsean Dissert, 1840,) Lon., 1841, 8vo. 2. 
 'he Way which some Persons call Heresy, 1847, 12mo. 
 . Law of the Offerings in Levit. i. to viii., 1847, fp. 8vo; 
 d ed., 1854, fp. 8vo. 4. Characteristic Differences of the 
 Four Gospels, 1853, fp. 8vo. 
 
 Jukes, Edward. 1. Indigestion and use of Lave 
 ments, Lon., 18mo. 2. Structure of the Rectum, 1842, 4to. 
 J. Causes, Ac. of Smoky Rooms, 1843, 12mo. 
 
 Jukes, George M. Lett to the Inhabitants of Gos- 
 )ort rel. to a Suit in Exchequer, 1809, Svo. 
 
 Jukes, J. Beete, late Geological Surveyor of New- 
 ibundland, now President of the Geological Society of 
 Dublin. 1. Excursions in and about Newfoundland in 
 1839-40, Lon., 1842, 2 vols. p. Svo. A review of this work, 
 and a contrast between it and Newfoundland in 1842, (see 
 BONNYCASTLE, LIEUT.-COL. SIR RICHARD,) will be found 
 n the London Athenaeum, Aug. 27, 1842. 2. Voyage of 
 H. M. S. Fly to the Eastern Archipelago, 1847, 2 vols. Svo. 
 
 3. Sketch of the Physical Structure of Australia, 1850, Svo. 
 
 4. Popular Physical Geology, 1853, r. 16mo. With 20 
 views of geolog. scenery. 
 
 " The illustrations to the work are of the most accurate as well 
 as beautiful character, combining the skill of the artist with the 
 knowledge of the geologist." Lon. Observer. 
 See also a highly commendatory notice in the Spectator. 
 Juliana, a devotee, temp. Edward III., who lived in a 
 stone cell at Norwich, wrote Sixteen Revelations of the 
 Love of God, Ac., which was pub. by F. R. S. Cresy, in 
 1610, and reprinted by H. Parker, Leicester, 1843, fp. Svo. 
 Julius, Alexander, a native of Edinburgh, pub. 
 poetical translations into Latin of portions of the Bible, 
 and some poems, Ac. in the same language, 1606-20. His 
 Poemata Sacra was pub., Edin., 1614, 4to. See Lowndes's 
 Bibl. Man. 
 
 Julius Secnndus. Dialogus Festivus, Oxon., 1680, 
 12mo. 
 
 Juniper, William. 1. Juniper Lectures, Lon., 1652, 
 12mo. 2. His Visions, Ac., 1662, 4to. See the Juniper 
 Lecturer Corrected, 1662, 4to. 
 
 Junius. In our article upon SIR PHILIP FRANCIS, in 
 this volume, we remarked that we should best discharge 
 our duty with respect to the vexed question of the author 
 ship of THE LETTERS OP JUNIUS by indicating the sources 
 of information upon this famous controversy. The cata 
 logue raisonnee subjoined, of works upon this warmly-agi 
 tated theme, we have prepared with much care from a 
 number of authorities not accessible to all inquirers. 
 
 We must premise for we write not for the learned only 
 that the compositions distinctively styled THE LETTERS 
 OP JUNIUS were originally pub. in The Public Advertiser 
 of London, by Henry Sampson Woodfall, the first letter 
 bearing date January 21, 1769, and the last January 21, 
 1772. These celebrated epistles are addressed to The 
 Printer of The Public Advertiser, Sir William Draper, The 
 Duke of Grafton, The Duke of Bedford, Lord North, Lord 
 Mansfield, The King of England, Rev. Mr. Home, and 
 others. Junius was a Grenville or Rockingham Whig, 
 and attacked with great severity the ministerial measures 
 of the Duke of Grafton and his colleagues. 
 
 " The classic purity of their language, the exquisite fqrce and per 
 spicuity of their argument, the keen severity of their reproach, 
 the extensive information they evince, their fearless and decisive 
 tone, and, above all, their stern and steady attachment to the purest 
 principles of the Constitution, acquired for them, with an almost 
 electric speed, a popularity which no series of letters have since 
 possessed, nor, perhaps, ever will ; and, what is of far greater con 
 sequence, diffused among the body a clearer knowledge of their 
 constitutional rights than they had ever before attained, and ani 
 mated them with a more determined spirit to maintain them invio 
 late. Enveloped in the cloud of a fictitious name, the writer of 
 these philippics, unseen himself, beheld with secret satisfaction the 
 vast influence of his labours, and enjoyed, though, as we shall after 
 wards observe, not always without apprehension, the universal hunt 
 that was made to detect him in his disguise. He beheld the people 
 extolling him, the court execrating him, and ministers, and more 
 than ministers, trembling beneath the lash of his invisible hand." 
 JOHN MASON GOOD, M.D. : Essay on Junius and his Writings. 
 Several unauthorized collections of the letters of Junius 
 
JUN 
 
 JUN 
 
 were put forth by various publishers before 1772, in which 
 year Mr. Henry Sampson Woodfall, the original printer 
 of the epistles, issued an edition in 2 vols. sm. 8vo, with 
 the sanction of Junius, and an eloquent Dedication, Pre 
 face, and Notes, by the same mysterious individual. In 
 1812, 3 vols. 8vo, Mr. George Woodfall pub. a new edition 
 of these celebrated letters. In this edit, we have not only 
 the Letters of Junius referred to above, but also his pri 
 vate letters to H. S. Woodfall, his correspondence with John 
 Wilkes, and other communications to Woodfall's Public 
 Advertiser, under various signatures, ascribed to him with 
 more or less probability of truth. The period during which 
 the Letters of Junius and those thus ascribed to him were 
 written extends from the letter of Poplicola, 28th April, 
 1767, to the letter of Nemesis, May 12, 1772. Woodfall's 
 edition contains 
 
 L The Letters of Junius distinctively so called, and ac 
 knowledged by him, dated January 21, 1769, to January 
 21, 1772. 
 
 Of the 69 Letters in this series, 59 were written by Ju 
 nius ; of which 44 bear the signature of Junius, and 15 
 the signature of Philo- Junius. Of the 44 letters signed 
 Junius, the titles are as follows : 
 
 To the Printer of the Public Advertiser 10 
 
 Sir Wm. Draper 5 
 
 " the Duke of Grafton 11 
 
 " Edward Weston 1 
 
 Dr. Wm. Blackstone 1 
 
 OnWalpole's Case 1 
 
 To the Duke of Bedford 1 
 
 On the Rescue of General Gansel 1 
 
 On Modestus 1 
 
 Address to the King 1 
 
 Retrospect of Parliamentary Session 1 
 
 To Lord North 1 
 
 " Chief-Justice Mansfield 3 
 
 On the Falkland Islands 1 
 
 On Privileges of Parliament 1 
 
 On Parliamentary Resolutions 1 
 
 To the Rev. Mr. Home 1 
 
 " " Livery of London 1 
 
 " Lord Camden 1 
 
 ~44 
 
 Of the 15 Letters signed Philo-Junius (really written by 
 Junius) the titles are as follows : 
 
 On Walpole's Case 1 
 
 " the Spanish Convention 1 
 
 To the Printer of the Public Advertiser 10 
 
 " Modestus 1 
 
 " Zeno , 1 
 
 " an Advocate in the Cause of the People... 1 
 
 "15* 
 Of the other 10 Letters the titles are : 
 
 Sir Wm. Draper to the Printer of the Public 
 
 Advertiser 1 
 
 Sir Wm. Draper to Junius 4 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Home to Junius 3 
 
 A Friend of Junius 1 
 
 On behalf of Junius: anonymous 1 
 
 "10" 
 
 IT. Junius's Private Letters to Mr. H. S. Woodfall, dated 
 April 20, 1769, to January 19, 1773. In this series there 
 are 64 Letters and Notes, 62 of which are addressed by 
 Junius to Woodfall, 1 to David Garrick, and the other (the 
 conclusion of the series) is a letter of Woodfall's to Junius, 
 dated March 7, 1773. 
 
 III. Junius's Confidential Correspondence with John 
 Wilkes, containing 18 Letters, 10 of which are written by 
 Junius, and 8 by Wilkes. These letters are dated 21st 
 August, 1771, to January 15, 1772. 
 
 IV. The Miscellaneous Letters ascribed to Junius, under 
 various signatures, consisting of 113 letters and papers, 
 28th April, 1769, to May 12, 1772, which occupy part of 
 the second and the whole of the third volumes. The au 
 thenticity of many of these productions is very question 
 able. Prefixed to this edition, which is illustrated by 
 notes, is an admirable Preliminary Essay on Junius and 
 his Writings, by the editor, John Mason Good, M.D. 
 
 A new edition of the issue of 1812 was published in 
 1850, 2 vols. 12mo, which contains much additional matter 
 of great value. This forms part of Bonn's Standard Li 
 brary, and is edited by John Wade, who favours us with 
 New Evidence as to the Authorship, and a portion of an 
 Analysis, by the late Sir N. Harris Nicolas. Mr. Wade 
 makes out a strong case for the claim of Sir Philip Francis. 
 There are, however, some grave objections to this hypo 
 
 thesis, which we hardly expect to see surmounted. See, 
 in addition to authorities to be cited hereafter, London 
 Athenaeum, 1850, 125, 154, 863, 939, 969, 993, 1021, 1071. 
 The curious reader will be glad to see a list of the most 
 prominent names of those to whom the Letters of Juuius 
 have been at one time or another ascribed : 
 
 1. Adair, Mr. Serjeant. 
 
 2. Barre, Col. Isaac. 
 
 3. Boyd, Hugh Macauley. 
 
 4. Burke, Edmund. 
 
 5. Butler, Bishop. 
 
 6. Camden, Lord. 
 
 7. Chatham, Lord. 
 
 8. Chesterfield, Lord. 
 
 9. De Lolme, M. 
 
 10. Dunning, LordAshburton. 
 
 11. Dyer, Samuel. 
 
 12. Flood, Henry. 
 
 13. Francis, Philip, D.D. 
 
 14. Francis, Sir Philip. 
 
 15. Gibbon, Edward. 
 
 16. Glover, Richard. 
 
 17. Grattan, Henry. 
 
 18. Greatrakes, Wm. 
 
 19. Grenville, Geo. 
 
 20. Grenville, James. 
 
 21. Hamilton, Win. Gerard. 
 
 22. Hollis, James. 
 
 23. Jones, Sir Wm. 
 
 24. Kent, John. 
 
 25. Lee, General Charles. 
 
 26. Lloyd, Charles. 
 
 27. Lyttelton, Lord Thos, 
 
 28. Macleary, Laughlin. 
 
 29. Portland, Duke of. 
 
 30. Pownall, Gov. Thomas. 
 
 31. Rich, Sir Robert. 
 
 32. Roberts, John. 
 
 33. Rosenhagen, Rev. Philip. 
 
 34. Sackville, Lord George, 
 afterwardsLord Germain. 
 
 35. Shelburne, Earl. 
 
 36. Temple, Earl. 
 
 37. Tooke. Jno. Home. 
 
 38. Walpole, Horace. 
 
 39. Wilkes, John. 
 
 40. Wedderburn, Alex. (Lord 
 
 Loughborough.) 
 
 41. Wilmot, James, D.D. 
 
 42. Wray, Daniel. * 
 
 Of the 42 names above enumerated, the claims of 13 
 viz. : Boyd, Burke, Bishop Butler, Dunning, Dyer, Flood, 
 General Lee, Lloyd, Roberts, Rosenhagen, and Lord George 
 Sackville are carefully examined by Dr. Good in his cele 
 brated preliminary essay, and all are decidedly rejected. 
 As the question now stands, the sifting of zealous and 
 learned controversy has spared but three names out of all 
 those for whom the authorship has from time to time been 
 claimed, viz. : 
 
 I. SIR PHILIP FRANCIS. 
 
 II. LORD GEORGE SACKVILLE, afterwards LORD GER 
 MAIN. 
 
 III. COLONEL ISAAC BARRE. 
 
 The claims of the last two candidates in the field, Sir 
 Robert Rich and Gov. Thos. Pownall, have been recently 
 brought prominently forward, those of the former by Mr. 
 Ayerst, in 1853, and of the latter by Mr. Frederick Griffin, 
 of Montreal, in 1854. Mr. Dowe, indeed, has within the 
 last few months announced new discoveries in favour of 
 the claims of the Earl of Chatham, but in the present stage 
 of the question for Mr. Dowe's book is hardly yet fairly 
 before the world we do not feel justified in adding his 
 lordship's name to the three who still exhibit indications 
 of vitality after enduring the targets of a keen literary 
 battle of fourscore years' duration. 
 
 We shall presently give a list of publications connected 
 with the Junius controversy, but it may be proper here 
 briefly to refer to some prominent pleas for the respective 
 claims of the three above named. 
 
 I. SIR PHILIP FRANCIS. 1. The Identity of Junius with 
 a distinguished Living Character, by Mr. John Taylor, Lon., 
 
 1816, 8vo. 2. A Supplement to Junius Identified, consist 
 ing of Fac-Similes of Handwriting, and other Illustrations, 
 
 1817, 8vo. 3. Review of the two preceding, by Lord Broug 
 ham, Edin. Rev., November, 1817, xxix. 94. His lordship 
 thus sums up the evidence presented by Mr. Taylor : 
 
 " That it proves Sir Philip to be Junius, we will not affirm ; but 
 this we can safely assert, that it accumulates such a mass of cir 
 cumstantial evidence as renders it extremely difficult to believe 
 he is not ; and that, if so many coincidences shall be found to have 
 misled us in this case, our faith in all conclusions drawn from proofs 
 of a similar kind may henceforth be shaken." 
 
 4. Letter of Sir James Mackintosh to John Murray, Sr., 
 Nov. 28, 1824. See No. 10. 5. Argument by Thomas De 
 Quincey, in his Literary Reminiscences, vol. ii., being vol. 
 vii. (chap, xxii.) of Ticknor, Reed & Field's edit, of De 
 Quincey's works. 6. Argument by T. B. Macaulay, in his 
 review of Gleig's Life of Warren Hastings, Edin. Rev., 
 Oct. 1841, Ixxiv. 160. 7. Letter of Lady Francis (widow 
 of Sir Philip) to Lord Campbell, inserted in his lordship's 
 Lives of the Lord-Chancellors, vol. vi. p. 344. 8. The 
 History and Discovery of Junius, by John Wade, in his 
 edit, of the Letters of Junius, 1850, 2 vols. 8vo, before re 
 ferred to. 9. Some New Facts and a suggested New Theory 
 as to the Authorship of the Letters of Junius, by Sir For- 
 tunatus Dwarris, Knt, Lon., 1850. Privately printed. Seo 
 London Athenaeum, 1850, 939, 969, 993. 10. Argument 
 by Lord Mahon, in his History of England from the 
 Peace of Utrecht, vol. v. 320-340, 1851. Nos. 4 and 11 are 
 printed in this work. 11. Letter of T. B. Macaulay to John 
 
JUN 
 
 Murray, Jr., dated at the Albany, Jan. 3, 1852. See No. 10. I 
 This refers to the famous article in the London Quar. Rev. for j 
 Dec. 1851, xc. 91, advocating the claims of Lord Thomas j 
 Lyttelton to the authorship of Junius, and rejecting alto 
 gether the pleas urged in favour of Sir Philip Francis. 
 But Lord Lyttleton's claims have been since set aside, (see 
 London Athenaeum,) and the question remains status quo 
 ante bellum. In the letter above referred to, Mr. Macaulay 
 remarks : 
 
 "But, in truth, the strongest arguments against the Reviewers' 
 theory are the arguments which, in my opinion, prove that Francis 
 was the author of the letters." 
 
 Mr. Macaulay despatches the claims of five celebrated 
 names claims which have been urged with much perti 
 nacity and some of them at great length in as many 
 lines : 
 
 " Lord Lyttleton's claims to the authorship of Junius are better 
 than those of Burke or Barre, and quite as good as those of Lord 
 George Sackville or Single-Speech Hamilton. But the case against 
 Francis, or, if you please, in favour of Francis, rests on grounds of 
 a very different kind, and on coincidences such as would be suffi 
 cient to convict a murderer." 
 
 II. LORD GEORGE SACKVILLE, afterwards LORD GER 
 MAIN. We need here only refer to George Coventry's Cri 
 tical Inquiry regarding the real author of the Letters of 
 Junius, proving them to have been written by Lord Viscount 
 Sackville, 1825, 8vo. This theory was sustained in a work 
 pub. in Boston, U. States, in 1828, entitled Junius Un 
 masked, or Lord George Sackville proved to be Junius, 
 and in a review of this vol. in the N. American Rev., xxix. 
 315, by G.B.Cheever. Charles Butler (see his Reminis 
 cences) supposes Lord Sackville to have been the author 
 of Junius, and Sir Philip Francis his amanuensis and oc 
 casional assistant. Mr. Jaques, in his History of Junius 
 and his Works, and a Review of the Controversy, 1843, 
 8vo, adopts this theory, and adds D'Oyly Francis's fel 
 low-clerk in the War-Office as a connecting-link beween 
 Lord Sackville and Francis. 
 
 III. COLONEL ISAAC BARRE. Mr. John Britton, in his 
 Authorship of the Letters of Junius Elucidated, 1848, r. 
 8vo, earnestly contends that Colonel Barre" was Junius, and 
 that he was assisted by Lord Shelburne and Mr. Dunning. 
 In an article pub. in the London Morning Herald in 1813, 
 the opinion was expressed that the Earl of Shelburne was 
 Junius, and that he was assisted by Barre" and Dunning. 
 This work is noticed by the author of the article in the 
 London Quar. Rev., xc. 91, before referred, to, as 
 
 " a curious instance of the delusion to which ingenious men may 
 resign themselves when they have a favourite opinion to uphold." 
 
 An elaborate review of Mr. Britton's work will be found 
 in the London Athenaeum, July 22 and 29, 1848. And see 
 other articles referred to in the course of the present notice. 
 
 We shall now proceed to give a list of publications con 
 nected with this perplexing subject, which to the minds 
 of many of the most intelligent readers of the day is as 
 much a mystery as it was to their grandfathers. Whether 
 this cloud will ever be lifted from the name is now doubt 
 ful. Indeed, it is difficult to imagine in what way the 
 authorship of the Letters of Junius can ever be satisfac 
 torily proved, presuming that the claims of the real author 
 have been, or shall hereafter be, presented to the public 
 for acceptance. If the arguments in favour of the author 
 ship of Sir Philip Francis, or Lord Sackville, or both com 
 bined, be insufficient to gain credence, what amount of 
 evidence can identify the real author? Certain it is that 
 against even Junius himself, whoever he may be; many 
 probabilities will apparently exist. It can be only by the 
 preponderance of favourable testimony that any such 
 claim can be established. Not a year elapses in which 
 some man is not hanged on less evidence than has been 
 adduced in favour of more than one of the claimants of 
 the authorship of the Letters of Junius. But we must 
 proceed with our list of publications. 
 
 1769. 1. An Impartial Answer to the Doctrine delivered 
 in a Letter which appeared in the Public Advertiser under 
 the signature of Junius. By Charles Fearne, 8vo. 2. In 
 teresting Letters selected from the Correspondence of 
 Messrs. Wilkes, Home, Beckford, and Junius, 8vo. 3. A 
 Collect, of the Letters of Atticus, Lucius, Junius, and 
 others; with Observ. and Notes, 8vo. 4. The Political 
 Contest; being a Cont. of Junius's Letters from the 6th 
 of July to the present time, 8vo. 5. The Political Contest ; 
 containing a Series of Letters between Junius and Sir Will. 
 Draper; also the whole of Junius's Letters to his Grace 
 the D#*- of G******, 8vo. 
 
 1770. 6. An Address to Junius upon the subject of his 
 Letter in the Public Advertiser, Dec. 19, 1769, 8vo. In 
 this address the Letters are attributed to Wilkes. 
 
 1771. 7. Letters addressed to the King, the Duke of 
 
 JUN 
 
 Grafton, the Earls of Chesterfield and Sandwich, Lord 
 Barrington, Junius, and the Rev. Mr. Home, under the 
 signature of P. P. S., 8vo. 8. An Answer to Junius, 8vo. 
 9. The Trial of John Almon, Bookseller, for selling Ju 
 nius's Letters to the K g, 8vo. 10. The Genuine Letters 
 of Junius, and Anecdotes of the Author. The compiler 
 attributes the letters to Edmund Burke. 
 
 1772. 11. Woodfall's the first authorized edit of the 
 Letters of Junius, 2 vols. sm. 8vo. 
 
 1774. 12. Epistle to Junius, by Benj. Hughes, 4to. 
 
 1778. 13. Serious Letter to the Public, by Junius, 8vo. 
 Fictitious. 
 
 1788. 14. Anecdotes of Junius: to which is prefixed 
 the King's Reply, 8vo. 
 
 1789. 15. Junius Discovered, by P. T., 8yo. Junius is 
 supposed to be John Home Tooke. 
 
 1794. 16. Letters of Juniua, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 1797. 17. Letters of Junius, 2 vols. 8vo, Bensley's 
 beautiful ed., illustrated by portraits. A copy on vellum 
 was sold at auction in London in 1804 for 25 4*. 
 
 1799. 18. Letter of Charles Butler, dated July, 1799, 
 giving an account of the inquiries of John Wilkes and 
 himself relative to the authorship of Junius. Repub., 
 with addits., in Butler's Reminiscences, 1822. 
 
 1800. 19. Geo. Chalmers's Append, to his Supp. Apo 
 logy; being the documents for thfe opinion that Hugh 
 McAuley Boyd wrote Junius's Letters, 8vo. See 1817, 
 No. 41. 
 
 1801. 20. Junius's Letters, with portraits, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Printed by Bensley. 
 
 1803. 21. St. James's Chronicle, Apl. 16. T. Rodney's 
 account (extracted from the Wilmington, Del., Mirror) 
 of Genl. Lee's assertion that he was Junius. 
 
 1808. 22. Reasons for rejecting the presumptive Evi 
 dence of Mr. Almon that Boyd was Junius, with Passages 
 selected to prove the real author of the Letters of Junius. 
 This is Dr. Girdlestone's pamphlet, and endeavours to show 
 that Gen. Charles Lee was Junius. 
 
 1809. 23. Another guess at Junius, and a Dialogue, 
 8vo. An attempt to prove that Lord Chatham was Junius. 
 
 1810. 24. Junius's Letters, with Portraits, r. 8vo. 
 
 1812. 25. The Letters of Junius, including Letters by 
 the same Writer, under other signatures, (now first col 
 lected.) To which are added confidential Corresp. with 
 Mr. Wilkes, and his private Letters to H. S. Woodfall, with 
 a Preliminary Essay, [by John Mason Good, M.D.,] Notes, 
 Fac-similes, <fec., 3 vols. 8vo. Repub. in Phila., 1813, 2 
 vols. 8vo. 
 
 1813. 26. An Attempt to ascertain the author of Ju 
 nius's Letters, 8vo. By the Rev. John B. Blakeaway. Mr. 
 B. advocates the claims of John Home Tooke. See 1815, 
 No. 36. 27. An Inquiry concerning the Author of the 
 Letters of Junius, in which it is proved, by internal as well 
 as direct and satisfactory Evidence, that they were written 
 by the Hon. Edmund Burke, 8vo. By John Roche. 28. 
 Facts tending to prove that Genl. Lee was the Author of 
 Junius. By T. Girdlestone, M.D. See 1808, No. 22. 29. 
 The Life of the Author of Junius's Letters, the Rev. James 
 Wilmot, D.D. With portrait, fac-similes, etc., 8vo. By 
 Olivia Wilmot Serres. 30. A Discovery of the Author of the 
 Letters of Junius, 8vo. This is John Taylor's first publica 
 tion on the subject, and attributes the authorship to Philip 
 Francis, D.D., father of Sir Philip Francis. See 1816, 
 No. 37. 31. The Letters of Junius, illustrated by Howard 
 Bocquet, from original paintings. A beautiful ed., with 
 12 portraits. 32. Memoirs, by a celebrated Literary and 
 Political Character, [Richard Glover,] 1742-57, 8vo. By 
 Richard Duppa. 
 
 1814. 33. An Inquiry concerning the Author of the 
 Letters of Junius, with Reference to the Memoirs, [see 
 1813, No. 32,] Ac., 8vo. An attempt to prove that Richard 
 Glover was the author. 34. An Inquiry into the Author 
 of the Letters of Junius. 35. Second ed. of H. S. Wood- 
 fall's ed. of 1812, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 1815. 36. Sequel of An Attempt to discover Junius, 
 by the Rev. J. B. Blakeaway. See 1813, No. 26. 
 
 1816. 37. The Identity of Junius with a distinguished 
 Living Character [Sir Philip Francis] established. By John 
 Taylor. See 1813, No. 30. This is the first attempt to fix 
 the authorship upon Sir Philip Francis. See the preceding 
 references to this branch of the controversy, under the title 
 of I. SIR PHILIP FRANCIS, and to London Athenaeum, 
 Oct. 8, 1850; consult also Index to Notes and Queries, and 
 to the Athenaeum for 1850. Especially see Mr. Taylor's 
 letters to Notes and Queries, Sept 7, 1850. 38. Arguments 
 and Facts proving that the Letters of Junius were written 
 by John Lewis De Lolme. By Tho. Busby, Mus. D., 8vo. 
 
 1003 
 
JUN 
 
 JUN 
 
 39. Letters to a Nobleman, proving a late Prime Minister 
 [the Duke of Portland] to have been Junius, and deve 
 loping the secret motives which induced him to write 
 under that and other signatares, with an Appendix, 8vo. 
 
 1817. 40. A Supp. to Junius Identified. By John Tay 
 lor. Consisting of Fac-similes of Handwriting and other 
 Illustrations, 8vo. A 2d ed. of this and of No. 37 was pub. 
 in 1818. See 1816, No. 37. 41. The Author of Junius 
 ascertained from a concatenation of circumstances, amount 
 ing to moral demonstration, 8vo. By George Chalmers. 
 This is a republication, with new facts, <fcc., of the argu 
 ments in favour of H. M. Boyd. See 1800, No. 19. Re 
 printed in 1819, with a new title-page and a postscript. 
 
 42. An Attempt to ascertain the Author of Junius, 8vo. 
 
 43. Junius: Sir Philip Francis Denied: a Letter addressed 
 to the British Nation, by Olivia Wilinot Serres, 8vo. 
 
 1819. 44. Junius Unmasked : a well-known and most 
 eminent Literary Character of the last Century, 1819. 
 This is an argument in favour of Gibbon the historian. 
 
 45. A Refutation of the Claims preferred for Sir Philip 
 Francis and Mr. Gibbon to the Letters of Junius, 1819. 
 
 46. Junius, with his Visor Up! 1819. A burlesque in 
 favour of Suett, the Comedian. 47. Another Guess at 
 Junius, (1819?) 
 
 1821. 48. The Author of Junius discovered in the Per 
 son of the celebrated Earl of Chesterfield, 8vo; and 1823. 
 
 1822. 49. The Letters of Junius, with Preliminary Dis- 
 sertatations and Copious Notes. By Atticus Secundus, 
 8vo. This author coincides with John Taylor. 
 
 1823. 50. The Claims of Sir Philip Francis, with a 
 Supp. to Junius Discovered, 8vo. 
 
 1825. 51. A Critical Enquiry regarding the real author 
 of the Letters of Junius, proving them to have been writ 
 ten by Lord Viscount Sackville. By George Coventry, 8vo. 
 It is asserted that Coventry changed his views, and pub. 
 a pamphlet in support of the claims of Sir Philip Francis. 
 But this appears to be doubtful. 
 
 1826. 52. Junius proved to have been Burke ; with an 
 Outline of his Biography, 8vo. We may here mention 
 also (53.) Junius's Political Axioms, Svo, and (54.) A Great 
 Personage proved to have been Junius, Svo. 
 
 1828. 55. Junius Unmasked; or, Lord George Sackville 
 proved to be Junius. This anonymous work, pub. at Bos 
 ton, Mass., is based upon Coventry's argument in favour 
 of Lord George Sackville. See ante, 1825, No. 51. 56. 
 Letters on the Author of Junius. By E. H. Barker, 12mo. 
 This work opposes the claims of Sir Philip Francis, and 
 advocates those of Charles Lloyd. 57. Memoirs of John 
 Home Tooke, and also containing proofs identifying him 
 as the author of the celebrated Letters of Junius. By Dr. 
 Graham; pub. in N. York. 
 
 1829. 68. Junius's Posthumous Works ; with an Inquiry 
 respecting tbe Author, and a sketch of the Life of John 
 Home Tooke, 8vo. Pub. in N. York. Advocates the claims 
 of Tooke. 
 
 1830. 59. The Secret Revealed of the Authorship of 
 Junius's Letters. By James Falconar, Jun., Esq. Advo 
 cates the claims of Daniel Wray. 
 
 1831. 60. An Essay on Junius and his Letters. By Benj. 
 Waterhouse, M.D. This work, pub. at Boston, Mass., ad 
 vocates the claims of the Earl of Chatham. 61. Letters 
 on Junius, addressed to John Pickering, Esq., shewing that 
 the author of that celebrated work was Lord Temple. By 
 Isaac Newhall. Pub. at Boston. 
 
 1833. 62. Junius, Lord Chatham, fcc. By John Swinden. 
 
 1837. 63. Who was Junius? Anon. In favour of 
 Lord Chatham's claims. 
 
 1841. 64. Letter to an Hon. Brig.-Genl., [Lord Towns- 
 hend ;] repub. by N. W. Simons, 1843, 12mo. This Letter, 
 ascribed to Junius by Mr. Simons, was originally pub. in 
 1760. Mr. Simons argues against the claims of Sir Philip 
 Francis. 
 
 1843. 65. The History of Junius and his Works ; and 
 a Review of the Controversy respecting the Identity of 
 Junius. By John Jaques, Svo. See the preceding remarks 
 under II. LORD GEORGE SACKVILLE. 
 
 1848. 66. The Authorship of the Letters of Junius 
 Elucidated. By John Britton, 1848, r. Svo. See the pre 
 ceding remarks under III. COLONEL ISAAC BARRE. 
 
 1850. 67. H. G. Bonn's ed. of Junius, edited by John 
 Wade, 2 vols. 8vo. See the preceding remarks under I. 
 SIR PHILIP FRANCIS. 68. Some New Facts and a sug 
 gested New Theory as to the authorship of the Letters of 
 Junius. By Sir Fortunatus Dwatris, Knt. Privately 
 printed. Refer according to last article. 69. Junius and 
 his Works compared with the Earl of Chesterfield, by W. 
 Cramp, Svo. 
 1004 
 
 1851. 70. Postscript to No. 69, with Fac-simile letters 
 of Junius, Lord Chesterfield, and Mrs. C. Dayrolles, &c. 
 
 1853. 71. The Ghost of Junius, <fcc. By Mr. Ayerst. 
 In favour of the claims of Lieut.-Genl. Sir Robert Rich, 
 Bart. 
 
 1854. 72. Junius Discovered. By F. Griffin, at Boston, 
 Mass., 1857, 12mo. Mr. Griffin advocates the claims of 
 Gov. Thos. Pownall. 73. Junius Lord Chatham, &c., by 
 William Dowe, N.York, 1857, 12mo. A review of the 
 works of Mr. Griffin and Mr. Dowe will be found in the 
 Lon. Athen., July 17, 1838. The tone of the critique is 
 indicated in the opening paragraph : 
 
 " Two more volumes of mere speculation, both from the other 
 side of the Atlantic." 
 
 74. The Beauties and Maxims of Junius, by Lye, and 
 75, the Selection of Aphorisms, by Fisher, being merely 
 compilations, need be barely referred to. The notes to 
 Heron's edit, of Junius are worthy of attention. The 
 reader will find much ingenious criticism, and many plau 
 sible suppositions, in several of the following articles enu 
 merated in Poole's Index to Periodical Literature. 
 
 I. AUTHORSHIP OP JUNIUS : 1. Edin. Rev., xxix. 94, (by 
 Lord Brougham.) A writer in the Lon. Gent. Mag. (Dec. 
 1845, p. 587) ascribes this article to Sir Jas. Mackintosh ; 
 but he is in error : Lord Brougham has recently repub. it 
 in his Contributions to the Edin. Rev., Lon. and Glasg., 
 1856, iii. 338-361. 2. N. Amer. Rev., xxix. 315, (by G. B, 
 Cheever.) 3. N. Amer. Rev., xxxiv. 316, (by D. L. Child.) 
 4. N. Brit. Rev., x. 52 ; same art. in N. York Eclec. Mag., 
 xvi. 160. 5. Amer. Month. Rev., i. 33. 6. N. Eng. Mag., 
 i. 54. 7. Blackw. Mag., xviii. 164. 8. Blackw. Mag., xxxiv. 
 209. 9. Lon. Month. Rev., Ixxxii. 69. 10. Lon. Month. 
 Rev., cvii. 354. 11. Amer. Whig Rev., xiii. 484. 12. Amer. 
 Whig Rev., xiv. 35. 13. Boston Living Age, xxvii. 567; 
 (from the London Spectator.) 14. Phila. Museum of For. 
 Lit, vii. 473. 15. Lon. Quar. Rev., xc. 49. 
 
 II. IDENTITY OF JUNIUS: 16. Dubl. Univ. Mag., xl. 20; 
 same art., Boston Living Age, xxxiv. 385. 
 
 III. JUNIUS IDENTIFIED : 17. Boston Living Age, xxviL 
 281. 
 
 IV. LETTERS OF JUNIUS : 18. N. Amer. Rev., Iv. 419, 
 (by C. F. Adams.) 
 
 V. WATERHOUSE'S ESSAY ON JUNIUS : 19. Charleston 
 South. Rev., vii. 486. 20. Boston Chris. Exam., x. 256, (by 
 H. Ware, Jr.) 
 
 VI. WOODFALL'S ESSAY ON JUNIUS: 21. Phila. Analec. 
 Mag., ii. 1. 
 
 VII. 22. Arguments in favour of the claims of Lachlan 
 McLane to the authorship of Junim, in Waldie's (Phila 
 delphia) Library, (by John Jay Smith, editor.) 
 
 In addition to these, the reader will find many excellent 
 articles upon the general question, or specialties connected 
 with it, in the London Athenaeum, Blackwood's Mag., (see 
 Index to vols. i.-l.,) and other periodicals. We would par 
 ticularly instance a paper entitled, SIR PHILIP FRANCIS 
 not JUNIUS, in the Lon. Gent. Mag., Feb. 1842, 166-168; 
 and one by John Foster, entitled Who was Junius ? (a re 
 view of Woodfall's ed. of Junius, 1813, 8vo,) in the Lon. 
 Eclec. Mag., Feb. and April, 18 13 ; repub. in Foster's Critical 
 Essays, Lon., 1856, vol. ii. 72-105. We presume, however, 
 that the reader will be satisfied with the bill of fare thus 
 presented to him; and, as a stimulus to his investigations, 
 we can assure him that those who have most thoroughly 
 explored the field are generally those who avow themselves 
 to be most in the dark upon the subject. After espousing 
 and warmly advocating half a dozen theories on the sub 
 ject, they usually end with no theory at all. Poor Sir N. 
 Harris Nicolas, after diligently posting for many years, 
 in mercantile-ledger style, the pros and cons in the Junius 
 Papers, arrived at this very satisfactory result : 
 
 " So far from having any theory of our own on Junius's identity, 
 we are as entirely free from bias on the subject, and confess ourselves 
 as profoundly ignorant of the authorship of those celebrated Let 
 ters, as if, instead of having for many years constantly had the 
 question in our mind, and having read, we believe, nearly every 
 thing that has been written on the point, we had never bestowed 
 a thought on the matter. We have indeed a strong impression that 
 Junius was not any one of the numerous persons heretofore so 
 confidently brought forward." 
 
 Not satisfied with this home-thrust at the " confident" 
 Junius-discoverers, the worthy knight, wrought up to a 
 high pitch of indignation by his ill-success, which forced 
 him to speak his mind without restraint, proceeds in the 
 following complimentary strain : 
 
 "However startling the idea may be to the many pseudo-dis 
 coverers of Junius on both sides of the Atlantic, we found much of 
 I the claim of our observations to attention in the very fact of our 
 I having no Junius of our own, and on our disbelief in each of theirs." 
 
 When we remember the eminence of Sir N. H. Nicolas 
 
JUN 
 
 as an antiquary, and the fact that the above was written 
 as lately as 1843, we may estimate the probability of suc 
 cess in Junius-hunting. But Mr. Wade is quite confident 
 that he has bagged the game ; and perhaps he has. 
 
 Dr. John Mason Good concluded his investigations in 
 1812, in utter despair, and fifteen years later, only a few 
 weeks before his death, writes to Mr. Barker, respecting this 
 perplexing question, 
 
 " Many years ago, as you perhaps may be aware, I entered atfutt 
 speed into this research, and beat the bush in every direction. At 
 that time, however, the claims of Sir PhiHp Francis had not been 
 advanced, at least not before the public. But had they been brought 
 forward, the arguments by which it is obvious they may be met, 
 and many of which you have yourself ably handled, would, I think, 
 have succeeded in putting him as completely out of the list as all 
 the other competitors appear to be put whose friends have under 
 taken to bring them forward. The question is nevertheless one of 
 great interest as well on the score of national history as of lite 
 rary curiosity. Yet, like many other desiderata, I am afraid it is 
 likely to lie beyond the fathoming of any line and plummet that 
 will be applied to it in our days." Oct. 13, 1826. 
 
 Charles Butler, one of the most acute of lawyers, and 
 peculiarly well skilled in legal and literary controversy, 
 and who had moreover examined this subject with the per 
 sonal assistance of John Wilkes, the correspondent of 
 Junius himself, writes to Barker, in 1828, 
 
 " I am sorry I cannot communicate to you any information of 
 importance on the subject in which you take so great an interest. 
 I have only to add, that it appears to me involved in as great ob 
 scurity as ever." 
 
 And now to descend to smaller things we are encou 
 raged by the candour of these eminent individuals to emu 
 late their frankness; and we will be magnanimous enough 
 to own that our researches have placed us exactly in the 
 position of Messrs. Good, Nicolas, Butler, and some thou 
 sands of others in " pursuit of knowledge under difficul 
 ties :" we are altogether ignorant of the authorship of the 
 LETTERS OP JUNIUS. We have no claim to question the 
 veracity of this mysterious personage, who declared, "I 
 am the sole depository of my secret, and it shall die with 
 me." We have already quoted a portion of the eloquent 
 comments of Dr. Good upon Junius as a writer, but we are 
 not willing to conclude this article without citing some 
 further authorities on this point : 
 
 " I quote JUNIUS in English, as I would Tacitus or Livy in Latin. 
 I consider him as a legitimate English Classick." Mathias's fur- 
 suits of Literature. 
 
 "Junius burst into notice with a blaze of impudence which has 
 rarely glared upon the world before, and drew the rabble after him 
 as a monster makes a show. When he had once provided for his 
 safety by impenetrable secrecy, he had nothing to combat but truth 
 and justice, enemies whom he knows to be feeble in the dark. Being 
 then at liberty to indulge himself in all the immunities of invisi 
 bility, out of the reach of danger, he has been bold ; out of the 
 reach of shame, he has been confident. As a rhetorician, he has 
 the art of persuading when he seconded desire ; as a reasoner, he 
 has convinced those who had no doubt before ; as a moralist, he has 
 taught that virtue may disgrace ; and as a patriot, he has gratified 
 the mean by insults on the high. ... It is not by his liveliness of 
 imagery, his pungency of periods, or his fertility of allusion, that 
 he detains the cits of London and the boors of Middlesex. Of style 
 and sentiment they take no cognizance." DR. SAMUEL JOHNSON : 
 On the Seizure of the Falkland Islands, 1771. 
 
 The citation of this passage may remind the reader that 
 an eminent modern critic has brought the names of John 
 son and Junius into juxtaposition in his remarks upon the 
 chronological history of English style: 
 
 " Adam Smith was nearly the first who made deeper reasonings 
 and more exact knowledge popular among us, and Johnson and 
 Junius the first who again familiarized us with more glowing and 
 sonorous diction, and made us feel the tameness and poorness of 
 the serious style of Addisou and Swift." LORD JEFFREY : Contrib. 
 to Edin. Review, Lon., 1853, 77. 
 
 "How comes this Junius to have broke through the cobwebs of 
 the law, and to range uncontrolled, unpunished, through the land ? 
 The myrmidons of the Court have been long, and are still, pursuing 
 him in vain. They will not spend their time upon me, or you, or 
 you. No : they disdain such vermin when the mighty boar of the 
 forest, that has broken through all their toils, is before them. But 
 what will all their efforts avail ? No sooner has he wounded one 
 than he lays another dead at his feet. For my part, when I saw 
 his attack upon the king, I own my blood ran cold. ... In short, 
 after carrying away our Royal Eagle in his pounces and dashing 
 him against a rock, he has laid you prostrate. Kings, Lords, and 
 Commons are but the sport of his fury. Were he a member of this 
 House, what might not be expected from his knowledge, his firm 
 ness and integrity ! He would be easily known by his contempt 
 of all danger, by his penetration, by his vigour. Nothing would 
 escape his vigilance and activity. Bad ministers could conceal no 
 thing from his sagacity ; nor could promises nor threats induce him 
 to conceal any thing from the public." EDMUND BURKE : Speech in 
 the House of Commons. 
 
 Junius Secundus. 1. Individual Despotism dan 
 gerous to Public Liberty, Lon., 1849, 8vo. 2. Congrega 
 tionalism as it is, and as it ought to be, 1850, 8vo. 
 
 Jnnius Secundus. See KELSAL, CHARLES, No. 5. 
 
 Junius, Patrick, Librarian to James I. 1. Versio 
 et Notae in dementis Epist ad Romanus, Oxf., 1633, 4to. 
 
 JYL 
 
 ! 2. Annot. in MS. Alexand. LXX. Interp., 1660, fol. See 
 | Bibl. Polygl. Waltoni, vi. 
 
 Junius, R. The Pastor's Advocate, Lon., 4to. 
 
 Junius, R. The Drunkard's Character, Lon., 1638, 8vo. 
 
 " Very acute and forcible passages and descriptions." REV. H. J. 
 TODD. 
 
 Junius, R. Cure of Misprision, Lon., 1646, 8vo. 
 
 Junkin, D. X., D.D., a Presbyterian divine. The 
 Oath a Divine Ordinance, and an Element of the Social 
 Constitution, N. York, 1845, 12mo. This work has been 
 highly commended. 
 
 Junkin, George, D.D., a Presbyterian divine, for 
 merly President of Lafayette College, Easton, now Pre 
 sident of Washington College, Lexington, Virginia, b. 
 1790, in Cumberland county, Penna., has pub. a Treatise 
 on Justification, Phila., 1839, 12mo, Lectures on Pro 
 phecy, 1844, 8vo, a number of Sermons, Addresses, Ac., 
 and edited and contributed to several periodicals, 1826-53. 
 
 Jnnkin, Margaret, daughter of the preceding, has 
 gained some reputation by fugitive poems, specimens of 
 which will be found in May's American Female Poets, 
 1854; and in Read's Female Poets of America, 6th ed., 
 1855. See also an article on the Female Poets of Ame 
 rica, by Mrs. E. F. Ellet, in the North American Review, 
 for April, 1849. Miss Junkin has pub., within the last few 
 weeks, Silverwood, a Book of Memories, 1857. 
 
 Jurin, Janues, M.D., 1684-1750, pub. a number of 
 medical and mathemat. works, 1712-49, for a list of which 
 see Watt's Bibl. Brit. See accounts of Jurin in Rees's Cyc. ; 
 Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Works of the Learned, 1737-39, '41. 
 
 Justamond, John O., Surgeon R.A., d. 1786, pub. 
 Surgical Tracts, Lon., 1789, 4to, several medical works, a 
 trans, of The Private Life of Louis XV., 1781, 4 vols. 8vo, 
 and a trans, of Abbe" Raynal's Hist, of the Settlements 
 and Trade of the Europeans in the East and West Indies, 
 1776, 5 vols. 8vo; 1783, 8 vols. 8vo; 1784, 6 vols. 8vo; 
 1788, 8 vols. 8vo. The last edits, contain the additions 
 and corrections of the Geneva ed. (in French) of 1780, 
 10 vols. 8vo, atlas in 4to. It is said that this work has 
 been trans, into every European language. It is truly va 
 luable, but far from unexceptionable in its moral tendency. 
 One-third of it was written by Diderot. It was ordered 
 to be burned by the Parliament of Paris, and a decree was 
 issued for the arrest of Raynal, who managed to escape. 
 
 " The work of Raynal treats of every thing that can be sought 
 for connected with the East and West Indies ; and if the student 
 will pursue through the work all the great leading historical events, 
 he will find them not only agreeable bat useful." PROF. SMYTH. 
 
 " We do not scruple to pronounce the work in its English dress 
 correct, elegant, and nervous." Lon. Month. Rev. 
 
 Justel. On an Engine, Ac. ; Phil. Trans., 1686. 
 
 Justice, Alexander. 1. Laws of the Sea, Ac., Lon., 
 1705, 4to. 2. Commerce, 1707, 4to. 3. Monies and Ex 
 change, 1707, 4to. 
 
 Justice, Elizabeth. A Voyage to Russia, Lon., 
 1739, '46, 8vo. 
 
 Justice, James. 1. Scotch Gardener's Director. 2. 
 British Gardener's Director, Edin., 1754, '67, 8vo. 
 
 " An original work." Lon. Quar. Rm. 
 
 Juxon, William, 1582-1663, Fellow of St. John's 
 College, Oxford, 1598; Vicar of St. Giles's, Oxford, 1609; 
 Rector of Somerton, 1614; President of his College, 1621 ; 
 Vice-Chancellor, 1626-27; subsequently Dean of Worces 
 ter, and Preb. of Chichester; elected Bishop of Hereford, 
 1633, but in the same year, and before consecration, was 
 removed to the bishopric of London ; Lord High-Treasurer, 
 1635-41; Archbishop of Canterbury, 1660-63. This good 
 man adhered faithfully to his royal master during his im 
 prisonment previous to his barbarous murder, and accom 
 panied him to the scaffold. 1. The Subject's Sorrow; or, 
 Lamentations upon the death of Britain's Josiah, King 
 Charles; a Serui., Lon., 1640, 4to. 2. Some Considera 
 tions upon the Act of Uniformity, Ac., by a Servant of 
 the God of Peace, 1662, 4to. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. 
 Oxon. : Biog. Brit.; Le Neve's Lives of the Archbishops; 
 Sir Philip Warwick's Memoirs; Laud's Life and Diary; 
 Clarendon's Hist of the Rebellion ; Hume's Hist, of Eng. ; 
 Hallam's Constit. Hist of Eng., 7th ed., Lon., 1854, ii. 39, 
 40, 187, n. There was great joy at Westminster when, in 
 the chapel of King Henry VII., Bishop Juxon was ele- 
 | vated to the high office of Archbishop of Canterbury, and 
 that staunch Churchman, old Anthony Wood, warms at 
 the narration : 
 
 " Where, besides a great confluence of orthodox clergy, many 
 persons of honour, and gentry, gave God thanks for the mercies of 
 that day, as being touched at the sight of that good man, whom 
 they esteemed a person of primitive sanctity, of great wisdom, 
 piety, learning, patience, charity, and all apostolical virtues." 
 Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., iv. 819. 
 
 Jyl of Breyntford. Testament, in old verse, Lon.,4to. 
 
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